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Yenna‑yi: zic ttuɣa ccaten remɛani waha deg uɣennij, wer ttifed ca aṭṭas n iɣennijen x rexmis abarcan »
d tidet, aṭṭas n yewdan snen Aɣennij n Itran waha i yura Abderraḥim Fawzi, Yanayer mani cek ɣa nayer, ra d taqssist nesra‑s ɛawd nesra‑s s tnixt n uzrawi Fawzi deg iɣewwiɣen yettwaggan mkur aseggʷas di 19 yanayer.
Jer izrawiyyen d yenni i terran taynit iw sefru, nettaf awar yemɣar x tqessist‑a, Minzi tella ict tqessist nniḍen asenti nnes yarwes dag‑s. Yura‑t Karim kennuf, ttuɣa yegga ufedjaḥ ad t‑iɣennej
Yanayer yanayer, mani cek ɣa nayel.
man ass di cek ɣa nider
ac dag‑s nxayel.
Aɣennij dag‑s iwaren fetren, tɛerran x tmeslayt nican. rid d tazwart rid d tɣuyyit. waxxa n yiḍa (2008), maca snen‑t irifyyen mara.
Nettaf ɛawd Aɣennij n Jamal lɣazi, Ass n rexmis, i yedjan d asqinfet, d ameṭṭa s tnixt n Artista Jamal. iwaren n uɣennij yura‑ten uzrawi « Amnus ».
A yemma, a yemma. Di arif urid nesɣata ɣa tyemmat, maca netraɣa a yemma s tefqaḥt, waxxa nessen yemma wer ɣer‑s ca deg ufus.
a yemma wi ɣa yettun ass n rexmis … d awezwiz ! d tidt d awzwiz, s minzi zeg inni i xa‑s yurin, niɣ i xa‑s iɣennjen, tekka xa‑sen ass nni, ca yettwaṭṭef, ca yerwel.
Min yeqqimen zi 19 yanayer? ittased mkur aseggʷas itreẓẓa lefraḥet n Yennayer amaziɣ. am axmi neccin wer daneɣ d‑tekker lefraḥet. Waxxa neccin d ijjen weydud itxess tudert, itxess ad ifreḥ, ad yirar. Maca melmima nferḥ ad yas ca n nnumru ad daneɣ yessendef. Mintra wenni tyessekken x yezrawiyyen‑a d imeɣnaj‑a d wezyen ameqran n Irifyyen ɛad wer xaf‑s itwaxeddes, mintra min xf sseɛdun leḥbes di 84, qa ɛad karfen xaf‑s imeɣnas awarni ktar zi 30 iseggusa zegʷami. qat ɛad d tenni!


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Megrurez
Amacahu,
tamacahut ad telhu, ad tekk nnig n usaru, ad taweḍ annect
n ujgu !
Uqbel
zman n tterka, di tmurt ur nessin ara...
Yella
yiwen n selṭan, selṭan
ala bab n yigenwan, yesɛa
snat yess-is amzun d ayyuren
di lqaɛa : imezran d akbal yewwan, allen d tizegzawin am yigenni
n tefsut, ma d udmawen d lemrawi; mebɛid i d-ttaran tafat. Tamenzut
yefka-tt, tedda d tislit ɣer yiwet n tmurt ibeɛden, ma d tamecṭuḥt
i wumi qqaren Megrurez, seg akken tegrurez, tif iṭij
id d-icerqen, yugi ad tt-yef-k, imi irebba
mliḥ tasa fell-as : izmer fell-as ad ifek
amemmu n tiṭ-is.
Tin ɣer-s, ira ad teqqim ɣur-s
ard temmed, ad tissin ddunit, yerna ad yerwu lemwansa-s. Imi
tamenzut yesɛa, truḥ
mebla ma ṛwant-tt wallen-is, ɣef waya
ul-is yugi ad ithenni. Mi tedda weltama-s d
tislit, Megrurez teǧǧa-tt meẓẓiyet, maca
simmal tettnerni, tettnerni ṣṣifa-s,
terna tiɛubja, imi weltma-s uqbel ad teddu temla-as yal d tamusni;
ayen akk i tezmer ad t-tissin tmeṭṭut lawan-nni; ama d aniwel,
ama d izeḍwan, ladɣa aẓeṭṭa n
yibrenyas. Ala weltma-s kan d baba-s i
tesɛa,. Asmi d-tlul i tečča yemma-s.
Zrin
yiseggasen, Megrurez tewweḍ d tilemẓit,
ulac win ur d-neqsid baba-s ad s-tt-ifek, selṭan
yeqqar kan mazal-itt meẓẓiyet. Ma d Megrurez ayen i tt-iceɣben
ugar n wannect-n ad tẓer udem n weltma-s tawḥidt,
ur teẓri seg wasmi tedda d tislit. Dɣa seg wakken tejjem weltma-s,
yal ass tettezzem di baba-s, amek ur
ttemlilint tyessetmatin i d-yurew yiwen
uɛebbuḍ, teqqar-as kan : "amek sɛiɣ weltma amzun ur
tt-sɛiɣ, tasa-w att-a la yid-thedder fella-s am uzal
am yiḍ", baba-s ittsebbir deg-s yeqqar-as : "Aha kan
ṣber ! Ad d-yass wass ad temmeẓẓremt,
ala idurar ur nettemlili ara !"... Anebdu yettak-iten i lexrif,
tafsut i tegrest, iseggasen zerrin, zerben,
ttemcabin d tirni, Megrurez qrib tuyes
weltma-s. Yuɣ lḥal, ulawen ttemsawalen, ula d weltma-s la
tettmeslay fell-as, tcedha-tt ad tt-twali. Imi i
yerna ɣur-s weqcic, inna-as wergaz-is creḍ fell-i i myehwan ad
yeḍru, dɣa tecreḍ
fella-s ad s-d-yawi weltma-s n tasa ad tt-tẓer. Argaz yedda-as di
lebɣi, yerza ɣer tmurt n selṭan; deg-s ad
iḍil ɣef iḍulan, deg-s ad yessemlil tasa
d wayen turew. Megrurez akken tesla s lexber,
tefreḥ, am tin i d-iɛawden talalit, maca
ṣelṭan yugi, imi netta d amɣar ur yezmir ara i tikli, yerna ur
yettkil ara. Arnu ɣers, yugad ɣef yelli-s; abrid iḍul, tiẓegwa
ɛemrent s lewḥuc, ɣas akken lweḥc yellan di bnadem iɣleb akk
widen nniḍen. Ma d Megrurez, ɣas akken yugi baba-s, tesɣer
aqerru, tḥellel baba-s ad s-yanef ad teddu, ma d aḍeggal yenna-as
: "Ur ttagad, ɣas kkes aɣilif seg ul-ik, fella-as ad qableɣ
kulci''. Selṭan yeqbel maca
am win i yettewten, yefka yelli-s ɣer
tmurt ur tessin, ma d Megrurez ɣas yewɛer ubrid,
tikli ɣezzifet, tɛemmed i yal cci, awid kan
ad tzeṛ tin i s-d-teǧǧa yemma-s. Mi teddun deg ubrid,
argaz n weltma-s ineṭeq-d wayen n dir deg-s, d ayen ur ɣef tebni
Megrurez wala weltma-s. Imi i s-teɛjeb teqcict, iteddu ihedder-as-d
yiman-is : amek ara yexdem i wakken ad tt-yernu d tameṭṭut tis
snat, maca yeẓra selṭan
ur iqebbel ara, tameṭṭut-is akken nniḍen, ɛad Megrurez i
yerran deg-s laman. D acu ara yexdem, wemcum ? Yewweḍ almi d
yiwet n teẓgi, yeǧǧa-tt dinna, deg yiwen n
yifri, win wer nesɛi tasa, isbedd-as taklit d taɛessas,
inna-as : "ur teẓriḍ weltma-m alamma
tqebleḍ ad tiliḍ d tameṭṭut-iw, ma
tugiḍ xas ad mlilen yidurar ur tettemlilimt
ara kemm d welma-m" yeǧǧa-tt din am
tixsi yexnunsen deg yidammen-is, maca
At Ṛebbi ur tt-ǧǧin ara, llan-as-d di lmendad. Taqcict tameɣbunt,
amek ara texdem, trin tsuma ad tt-tesserɣ,
amek ara taɣ aslif-is ? Amek ara tsebbel weltma-as ? Teqqim kan
tejreḥ iẓri-is tugi ad teqbel i yebɣun
yeḍru. Argaz amcum yeddem taksiwt n Megrurez, yezla tasekkurt di
lexla, yessames-as idammen-nni i teksiwt n teslift-is, yewwi-tt d
ttbut ɣef wayen yeḍran : " Megrurez ččan-tt wuccanen di
teẓgi m lewḥuc". Mi yewweḍ s axxam tameṭṭut testeqsa
ɣef weltma-as anda tedda, yesken-as taksiwt-nni yeččuren
d idammen: "Aya d waya i yeḍran d
Megrurez". Tin yerǧan weltma-s, yenjer
yiẓris tiregwa, tru udan d wussan, almi tuyes, tumen s tmettant
n weltma-s, ɣas akken tasa-s
tcelleḥ, tugi ad teḥlu.
Ma d baba-s ameɣbun akken, i t-yewweḍ yir axbir
ɣef yelli-s taɛzizt,
ɣer tagara n wussan-is, yedderɣel, yeṭṭef tasga. Eeddan
yiseggasen, Megrurez mazal-itt d tameḥbust
di teẓgi m lewḥuc, ma d ṣṣifa-as trennu,
tettnerni yal ass, udem is yettfeǧǧiǧ
am tcemmaɛt ireqqen...
Yiwwas
deg wussan, yerza ɣer-s umcum-nni am wakken
yuɣ tannumi, dɣa, iwakken ad tsellek
aqerru-s, tufa-d ccufa, tenna-as : " Imi medden akk dayen
ḥesben-iyi mmuteɣ, ad qebleɣ kan ad k-aɣeɣ, maca
ad sutreɣ deg-k taɣawsa." Irra-as umcum-nni
: "tura imi tqebleḍ suter-d i
m-yehwan". Tenna : « Imi akka i d
lɛadda-nneɣ, teẓriḍ. Uqbel ad dduɣ
ɣur-k ilaq ad k-ẓḍeɣ abernus amllal.» Teɛedda sakin
Megrurez, tsuter-as ad as-d-yawi ifeggagen d trigliwin
ad s-d-yernu ided akked wulman imellalen ad
s-teẓḍ abernus. Argaz ur yuki i wayen i
s-tettnawal Megrurez, yewwi-as-d ayen i s-tenna, teẓḍa-as
abernus. Seg akken i s-yeɛjeb ubernus-nni yelsa-t, mi yekcem s
axxam-is, akken twala tmeṭṭut-is, din din teɛqel tiɛubja n
weltma-s, terra ɣer wul-is tiyita tečča, tessusem kan. Maca
tetḥeqq mazal weltma-as tedder, tenna-as i wergaz-is : " Ay
argaz anida akka i d-tuɣeḍ
abernus-a, yecbeḥ nezzeh, dayen werǧin
ẓrint wallen-iw", yebda itettel yiles-is yebda sakin
yesqewqiw, imiren i d-tewwi ttbut.
Azekka-nni tekker tafejrit, tɛus argaz-is almi i yeffeɣ, teḍfer-it
ɣer wanda tettwaḥbes Megrurez, terǧa-t almi i d-yuɣal, temlal
sakin d weltma-s yuɣalen d azerzur si ṭiɛfan,
mlalent tyessetmatin amzun yemlal wayyur
d yiṭij. Megrurez tules i weltma-as ayen yeḍran yid-s, i s-yexdem
urgaz-is, tin teggul ad terr ttar, ard tezzu
d tasa n urgaz-is akken yezza tisiswa-nsent d
tin n babat-sent. Tuɣal-d d tazla ɣer uxxam-is,
tettxemmim amek ara texdem ? Dɣa teddem tezla mmi-s, xas akken d
tasa-s ula d nettat, teẓra dayenni kan ara
yeqden tasa n umcum, tega-as-t-id i wergaz-is
d imensi...
Akken i d-yekcem, yečča imensi-nni i s-thegga tmeṭṭut-is almi
yeṛwa, yesteqsa ɣef mmi-s anda yella imi ur t-iẓri ara mi
d-ikcem. Terra-as-d tmeṭṭut-is : « Mmi-k atan di
tɛebbuṭ-ik, teččiḍ-t d imensi ». Argaz ur yefhim ara
yerra-as-d : « A tameṭṭut d acu i la d-teqqareḍ akka ?
». Tenna-as « Ass-a iḥuza-k wayen i d-iyi-iḥuzan,
imi ttar yettuɣal, ad tezzu tasa-k akken tezziḍ tasa-w
», imiren teffeɣ-d Megrurez, akken i tt-iwala irfed ajenwi ad
tent-ineɣ di snat, maca At
Ṛebbi rran-d s yiqin, Megrurez tuɣal d titbirt tewwet deg
wafriwen-is tufeg, iɛedda ad iwwet
tameṭṭut-is tuɣal d tamedda tcerreg tagnawt, ma d netta
tcemmet-as lqedra ṣṣifa terra-t d ičibib, akken israffeg, temmeɣ
fella-as tmedda tečča-t. Megrurez d weltma-s rzant ɣer babat-sent
ṣefḍent-as i wallen-is yuɣal yettwali, Ma d aqcic, tejmeɛ
taklit iɣessan-is, tesnes-iten i yitran, s
leqdra n win yeṭfen igewan yeḥya-d
yuɣal-as-d i yemma-s.
Tamacahut
asif asif, kkseɣ-tt-id seddaw useqqif.
Nat Benali Jeǧǧiga

robotstxt: allowed

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text:
Ḥa a nessiwel x Iburɣwaṭiyen, ad neydar tameslayt n ddin, minzi ddin n Iburɣwaṭiyen aqqa-t d « tayyut » ɣer imerzuten, wer ufin mamec ɣa ggen a t-ssefrun.
Wer jjin min wer nnin deg Iburɣwaṭiyen, maca din wi ttuɣa i kid-sen ittbeddan, minzi ddin-nnsen ila ggin-t d tadyulujit i zi ɣa nnufslen zeg iḥewwasen iberraniyen.
Ben Xeldun d netta issawal x Saleḥ mmi-s n Ṭarif d netta yeqqar « Iffeɣ zi tsuratin n Rebbi, igga ixef-nnes d nnbi, yura-sen ijjen tdeyyant min xef ttuɣa llan inni i d-yusin awern-as. Aqqa manaya yettwassen ɣer idlisen n inmezruyen. Mamec i dasen-yenna aqqa ihwa-dd x-as Lquran ttuɣa ittcerra-dd x-asen tisuratin zzag-s. Ittsemma zzag-s, tasurat n ugaẓiḍ, tasurat n welɣem, tasurat n yilew, tasurat n Adam, Tasurat n Nuḥ d waṭṭas n inabiyen, tasurat n Harut d Marut d Iblis d tsurat n leɣrayeb n dduniyt i di tella tussna taqemqamt, amek qqaren nitni ».
Saleḥ mmi-s n Ṭarif ttuɣa ifessar tabridt-nnes d netta ibedd x l’aya i yeqqaren « Wer dd-nessek bu ca n arrasul, mɣir s yiles n wi illan-nnes : wa: ma: arsalna: min raṣo:li:n illa: bi li:san qawmihi: ».
S uya, Saleḥ netta d nnbi n Imaziɣen. Manaya yegga amkan-nnes di buḥbel n Imaziɣen, uca udfen di tebridt-nnes ar mani i dasen-yenna qa netta illan d Lmehdi i yettrajan.
Ɛebdellah Lɛerwi, yenna aqqa iburɣwaṭiyen bedden x cciɛa, ula kṭer di lɛahed n Yunes Ben Ilyas (842-884) min xef qqaren ila netta ig isbedden tabridt Taburɣwaṭet.
Zeg ijj n uɣezdis-nniḍen, din wi yettwalan ila tabridt n Iburɣwaṭiyen tugem-dd zi lislam. Amecnaw tabridt tabarrant (Lxawarij) Maca sseccen-t s ca n lxezrat n Iciɛiyen ameknaw xmi ssawalen x Lmehdi i yettrajan.
Maca d yina d cwayt n tefras n min ttuɣa tteggen Iburɣwaṭiyen :
Tameslayt n tẓallit
Iburɣwaṭiyen ttuɣa wer tteddnen ca. Da yeqqar Ben Ɛudara « Wer tteddnen wer ttqimin tẓallit, maca ttessnen lweqt n tẓallit xminni sqaqan iyaẓiḍen ».
Tiẓallitin-nnsen ttuɣa ttakk°aḍent ar ɛecra, xemsa s wass d xemsa s llilet, ca zi tẓallitin-nnsen wer dag-sent tteggen ca ssujud, ca zzag-sen amek ttẓallan imselmen-nniḍen […] qqaren ca n wawalen ameknaw « Rebbi s-nnej nneɣ ».
Ula d Luḍu n iburɣwaṭiyen ttuɣa yemsebḍa. Mamec wer ssiriden ca zi ca ljanaba, illa mala d lḥaram.
Tameslayt n uẓummi
Tiḥuja i dd-weyyen x Iburɣwaṭiyen qqarent ila aẓummi n iburɣwaṭiyen ittemsebḍa x wenni n imselmen. Lbekri iqqar « ttẓumman Rajeb tetten remḍan ».
Minzi manaya, azgen ameqqran n wegduden, ila ttqeddsen Rajab, minzi dag-s i iwqɛent lmuɛjizar timeqqranin di lɛahed n Nuḥ.
Ttuɣa ttẓumman ula d ass n jjemɛa.
Aya yettban-dd dag-s aṭṭas n tayyut, minzi ixbarjiyen ad yili sxarrqen. Ijen umarzzu yeqqar aqqa Iburɣwaṭiyen ttuɣa ttẓumman Remḍan, rennin x-as Rajeb.
Tameslayt n Lḥijj
Aṭṭas n iwdan ttɛawaden ila iburɣwaṭiyen ttuɣa wer ssinen umi qqaren Lḥijj. Minzi Lḥijj ɛemmers ma ila yettwassen ɣer Imaziɣen zi lebda.
Uca zeɛma axmi ɣeḍlent, wer nɛimen ila Mekka d ijjen temdint d timqeddest. Ttuɣa ttwalan ila lḥijj wer ɣer-s bu ca n lhimmet d tameqqrant.
Maca min nzemmer a nini, ila Iburɣwaṭiyen x-asen waxxa amenni ɛad aṭṭas n tayyut. Maɣer ? Minzi ixbarjiyen i x-asen issiwlen wer din ɛicen ca. Ma inni i dinni iɛicen, qqaɛ wer dd-nnin manaya.
Aked manaya, wer nzemmer a nettu ila Iburɣwaṭiyen ttuɣa xsen ad jjen Imaziɣen ad ḥḍan iles-nnsen d tussna-nnsen. Ad ssigg°jen ixef-nnsen x waɛɛraben.
Maca, lux, mala tennid i ḥedd zi Tamessna, i idewlen s kulci ssawalen s Teɛrabt, ila qa « kenniw d Imaziɣen ». Ad ggernzen x manaya.


text:
Deg temsalt-a, yenna-d usemtar n uselway n tegduda yettwakelfen s teṛcibt d tekatut taɣelnawt, akked unemhal amatu n teṛcibt taɣelnawt, Abedlmajid Chikhi, dakken imussa n uslelli deg tefriqt « ufin Zzayer, deg tallit n adferhersan niɣ deffir n usuɣal n tanaya taɣelnawt, d tiɣremt tamagdult seg timagdulin n tilelliyin yellan tessketf igrawlyyen akked yimeɣnasen ifriqeyyen iruzzin ɣef tlelli d tukksa n usehres ».
Yerni iwekkd-d deg umyager-a yellna s tihawt n uneɣlaf n welmud imineg d unadi ussnan, Abelbaki Ben Zeyyan, akked mennaw n yigensasen n tafekka tadiplumatit yettwasirgen deg tmurt n Zzayer, belli Zzayer « turar ddur d ameqran deg taɣult n tamsetlelt id n yimussa n usslelli deg umaḍal, zdat n uzarug-nsent, ɣef wamma tella Zzayer d adeg n tigwat d umesgraw n yigrawleyyen ifriqyeenn yuyiren deg webrid yellan tnejjri-t Zzayer ɣef yiswi n usedder n tlalli i tmura-nsne.


text:
Ma nzemmer a nefhem i Tmaziɣt n Arrif bla Timaziɣin nniḍen? Aya ɛemmers ad yili, Tmaziɣt n Arrif teqqen s waṭṭas ɣer Tmaziɣin nniḍen i ssawalen midden mani mma di Tmazɣa. Waxxa tettban-aneɣ-d ila Tmaziɣt n Itargiyen tigg°ej x-aneɣ -Neccin Irifiyen-, maca nettat qa ɣer-s ijjen tɣuni d tameqqrant aked Tmaziɣt n Arrif. Γer-s ula d tɣuni aked Timaziɣin merra. Timaziɣin mluqqunent jar-asent s ijjen tebridt niɣ s tenniḍen. Manaya urid jar Tmaziɣin waha, maca ula Jar Tmaziɣt d ilsawen i yellan di lwacun-nnes afrusyawi.
Yettɛawad Charles de Foucauld umi i d-yusa ɣer Uhuggar, ttuɣa yettɣil ad yaf ijjen yiles “ yeẓleḍ”, maca zegga yebda ittfafa di Tmaheq (Tmaziɣt n uhuggar) yufa ijjen wagla d ameqqran n umawal isxeddamen Itargiyen di sseḥra-nni yiriwen. Tamaheq ɣer-s ijjen lhimmet d tameqqrant, minzi teḥḍa-aneɣ furma d wawalen n Tmaziɣt Taqdimt. Yeqqar x-as Lionel Galand, belli nettat d ijjen uḍaynasur yeggur x iḍaren-nnes. Ixes ad yini s manaya belli nettat d ijjen yiles iqqim alaḥal amec i t-ttuɣa zi lebda. Minzi Itargiyen nitni ttuɣa gg°jen x umsawaḍ aked Irumiyen d waɛraben.
Tidet d amyiwen waha?
Deg ussan i yeɛdun, ttuɣa mmselqiɣ aked wawal n Teɛrabt ḥaqa’iq حقائق. Mseqsiɣ aked yiman-inu, x mamec i das ɣa nini s Tmaziɣt? Nessen awal-a ila d amagut (pluriel) n ḥaqiqa (tidet s Tmaziɣt). Mala negga ijjen trezzut x wawal n tidet a naf belli yella di Tmaziɣin n yeẓẓlmeḍ am Trifiyt d Teqbayliyt (wer yelli di Tcelḥit, Tmaziɣt n waṭlas). Ḥaca s tnayen-a n Tmaziɣin wer ɣer-sent la amyag (verbe) n tidet la amagut-nnes. Zi lxezrat tamezwarut, yettban-d ila aẓur-nnes d /d/ weḥḥed-s.
Deg ijjen usundaj i yeggiɣ x grup n “ad nessen Tarifiyt” x mamec ɣa yili umagut n tidet, ufiɣ aṭṭas n midden wer qbilen ad ɣer-s yili amagut. Qqaren belli nettat tidet d amyiwen (singulier) waha, ad yeqqim amenni. Xmi i tettadef ca n lḥajet d jjdid x yiles, urid teṭṭef amkan-nnes amenni waha. Maca wer qqaren midden ḥama qeblen-t. Awal n “azul” ɛad lux din iwdan wer t-qebblen. Aya yeqqen ɣer upsikuseniles (psycholinguistique). Maca aseqsi ig illan, ma nzemmer a nejj ijjen tidet niɣ uɣil ad d-nbeqqec x umagut-nnes?
Mayemmi uɣil tidet ad ɣer-s yili umagut?
Mala nekker a nessiwel x “ḥaqa’iq حقائق” n laṭṭan n Kuruna, nettaf-itent qa maci d icten waha, d aṭṭas, ad yili kul ict n tidet wer terwis di tenniḍen. Ma nzemmer a nini qa din aṭṭas n tidet x laṭṭas n Kuruna awal-a mala amenni izemmer ad ittwafhem belli din ijjen wezgen d ameqqran n tidet (n icten waha) urid din aṭṭas n ḥaqa’iq x kuruna (kul tidet wer terwis di tenniḍen amek nenna). Hiwa luxa mux-as? Ittban-d ila qa danita tayyut x lmeɛna mala nesxeddam ɣir amyiwen waha. Mala nxes a nessides lmeɛna n weḍris afaylasuf/amassan. Ittxiss-aneɣ uɣil ad d-nerzu x umagut n tidet. Ataf nzemmer isem-a ad zzag-s nessiriw, ad aneɣ-d-iwwec lemɛani nniḍen mala newca-as iklassiten ijerrumen (des categories grammaticales) nniḍen.
Waxxa, ma s tidet di Tmaziɣt “tidet” bla amagut?
Ihwen a d-nerr x useqsi-ya. Mala di Tmaziɣin n yeẓẓlmeḍ, tidet aqqa-tt d tayujilt (bla amagut, niɣ amyag manis i d-tekka) maca di Tmaziɣin n Itargiyen urid amenni. Nettaf aẓur n DTɣer-sen dag-s aṭṭas n wawalen, ig ittejjan ijjen wagla deg umawal.
Iwalen-a neksi-ten-d zi trezzut ig igga Prasse deg usegg°as n 2003 x Tamajeq n Nnijer.
Ad d-nawi min yura:
- Dăttăt/ Dettet : ê. Vrai. Ê. Confirmé
- Tidet/ tidǝten : vérité (ǝbdǝd fel tidǝt = bedd x tidet)
- Adetti : véracité
- Asdetti : Confirmation, vérification
X manaya neẓra s-nnej immal-d ila amagut n tidet netta d tidetin. Yekk-d zeg wemyag dettet.Nura s-nnej manaya «Yettban-d ila aẓur-nnes d /d/ weḥḥed-s ». Aẓur n tidet urid /d/ waha. Nettaf Prasse issers-it ammu /dt/, mani ig iraḥ /t/ nni?
Di Trifit nzemmer a nenṭeq ammu [ṯisiṯ] maci ammu [ṯisit]. Maca tidet nenṭṭeq-itt ammu [ṯiḏet] maci ammu [ṯiḏeṯ]. Lesbab n manaya, minzi yemsar umi neqqar ammaẓ (l’assimilation). Maḥend a nefhem mliḥ, ad d-nedwel ɣer waẓur amezwaru n wawal n tidet amec I t-tuɣa:
Tidettet » tidett
et.
ameggaru
Mala nessxdem min daneɣ-d-tettic tmaheq, ig yerrin tidet ɣer tidet-nnes. Ataf nzemmer a nari ammu:
- Imussnawen wwḍen ad ssnen tidet n Kuruna
- Imerzuten ttɛawaden x tidetin/tidettawin n umenɣi n Wenwal.
- Ameɣnas n Tmaziɣt yettwassen x-as adetti-nnes
- Gg-as asdetti i ddusi-nnec
Ɣer ɛawd:


text:
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text:
« Aql-aɣ nesmutug-d i tḥemla ay d-itteddun yernu ta d tin aydeg ay nessefra ad nesnegmu askurrez n yisekla igummanen d yikiwanen s tuẓut n 11.430,55 n yiqeṭṭaren niɣ azal n 2,216 n yisekla (deg wakud aydeg, deg tḥemla n 2021-2022, ẓẓan 1,7 d amelyun) », ɣef wakken ay d-tessegza Massa Fatima Khelil n tmehla n usnegmu akerrazan d uwmazir deg wasunen ikiwanen d yizgenkiwanen deg uɣlif.
Ɣef leḥsab n Massa Khelil, taḥemla n 2022-2023 ad d-tebdu deg ukraḍyur wis kuẓ (4) n useggas-a yernu d tin yerzan tuẓut n 1.532 n yiqeṭṭaren n uṛemman, 4.608,25 n yiqeṭṭaren n yikiked, 4.405,25 n ufisṭac d 537 n ugusim.
« Tayafut n yisekla n yigumma ikiwanen d ayen ara yeǧǧen tamurt ad tessenqes tafatuṛt n waǧaw n yifarisen-a unfiɛen yernu ad yesselhu aswir n usuder n uɣerman i yigumma-a ikiwanen » ɣef wakken ay d-terna.
Taḥemla ay d-itteddun d tin yessefrayen daɣ tuẓut n urgan deg sḍiset (6) n twilayin n unẓul yernu ti d Nnɛama, Lbeyyeḍ, Tamenɣest, Adrar, Beccaṛ d Tinduf.
« Aseklu-a yesɛa azal yernan d ameqran yernu ad yettwaskurrez deg tjumma n 347,25 n yiqeṭṭaren. 69.450 ara yettwaẓẓun », ɣef wakken ay d-txebber tmasayt-a.


text:
Les plats traditionnels De la région « At Yaɛla » de Bouira
Date2016-09
Author
CHIBANE, Hanane
CHIBANE, Souad
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
AgdudAmaziɣamnettaamyegdudenakknniḍenurixulefaratuṭṭfadegwansayenicuddenɣe r-s, ladɣadegwayenyeqnenɣertgella. Ihi ad d-nafsizikagdud-agiyeḍfaraṭas n leɛwayed, ɣefwayaamdanaqbayliyessaweḍ-d akkenyaltagnitissewway-astiremt id-as-ilaqen. Asewwi-agitasutatettaǧǧa-t-idi tayeḍ. Segzikɣerturaimdanenttheggin i yaltagnitučči i as-ilaqen.Ɣefwanectatagella d aḥricsegyidles-nneɣ.Timettitaqbaylit d tamerkantitdegwayenyeɛnantagellatansayti, yeččuren d lbenna.Yaltaddartmi ara d yaweḍyiwensegwansayenyemgaradensewwayen-as neɣttheggin-as tiremt id-as-ilaqen. Danectai yeǧǧantagella ad tettuneḥseb d taẓurineɣ d aferdisagejdan di tmettiimi d agerruǧurnfennu. D ayen id aɣ-yeǧǧananexdemtazrewt n usentel-agi. S tezrewt-agi ad d-nesseqrebayenyellanyebɛed, ad d-nessebgen, ad d-nessekfelayenurnettwassenara. Afran n usentel Afran n usentel n umahil-nneɣyella-d ilmend : - Lexṣaṣn tezrawɣeftemnaḍt n AtYaɛla n Tubiret, d ayeniɣ-yeǧǧanad nexdemtazrewtɣef « tgellatansayt n temnaḍt n Atyaɛla ». - Lemgarda i yellandegwaṭas n yeḥricen n tmetti, nebɣa ad d-nbeggen ma telladegwayenyeɛnantagellatansayt. - S wanecta i nebɣa ad d-nessiweḍtiktiɣefyidles d leɛwayed-nneɣ, ihi ad dnefktamuɣliɣefziki wakken ad d-nesmektitamsalt-agi n tagellatansayt, winyesnenahat ad yernutimusniwintigejdanin, winurnessin ara ad iẓar d acu i ssewway di temnadt n AtYaɛla. Tamukrist Imileqdic-nneɣyella-d ɣeftmurt n Leqbayel, aneɛreḍ ad d-nawiawalɣeftudert n tmetti n temnaḍt n AtYaɛla, degwayenicuddenɣerusewwi s umata. Akken ad d-nessebgenleqdic-agi s tsastantaranexdem i tlawin ntemnaḍt-agi, ad neɛreḍ ad d-nefkkra n yestaqsiyeniwuminezmer ad-d nerrtiririt: - D acu-tumezruy n tẓuri u wučči?


text:
Zegga i imekkes uẓeyyar x Arrif, bdant-id ttbanen-dd addaden d jjdid n iwdan i yelqef Kuruna. Beddu zi Nnaḍur mani ufin tnayen n waddaden, rni x-as di Miḍar mani ɛawed temmerni ijjen tmehlukt s Kuruna. Di Biyya icten nniḍen ufin dag-s Kuruna txeddem deg ijjen ukulij.
Tamerniwt-a deg imehlak ig iksin Kuruna, din wi yettwalan ila manaya nurmal, minzi Lmuɣrib ikkes cwayt n ẓeyyar n ubelleɛ, mayen yejjin midden ad muttyen jar tneddam.
Maca ɛawed, djan wi iqqaren ila iwdan ixess-asen ad ksin ḥadur-nnsen, jarkter zegga nnurẓmen igmiren aked Imarrak i dd-itteɛqaben maḥend ad sseɛdan vakansi di Lmuɣrib, zemmaren ad kid-sen ksin abirus-a zeg Uruppa.
Ittɣima ila imezdaɣ ilaq ad ggen tizemmar-nnsen, ad ḥeṭṭan tazdugi-nnsen maḥend wer ifesser lehlak-a aṭṭas di Arrif.


text:
TAMURT – D lawan ad d-begsem akken ad tmenɛem tutlayt d tmaggit nwen si tmettan ig jebbden deg-s d leqrun uya. Ilaq ad tewalim, d kunwi ig stehzan di tutlyt nwen, ma yella tehzel neɣ teɣli d kunwi. Ur tettlummum ara azekka, ma tusa-d ɣer-s tberkant s wemger-is akken ad tt-awi taṛwiḥt-ines.
Ulac win ara ken- yettrun, acku imeɣnasen d tmeɣnasin iqbayliyen d
teqbayliyin si 1949 lla kkaten awen ṭṭbell akken ad akwim si « cemma n
sidi Ɛamer » (tiddylugit n waɛraven-inselmen). Teslam, teẓram akk d acu
id-qesdeɣ dagi mi d-nniɣ ameslay agi. Ittusemma d ayen aka ig ttgen
aquṛṛaɛ, neɣ aɛekker akken ad d-akwim si leqrun n tguni n ṣṣriɛ i ken
yeblan (lkuma).
1) « Win yeqqes wezrem yettagad aseɣwen »
1) (chat échaudé craint l’eau froide )
2) « Amger ur yettwali ara tizelga ines »
2) (Le chameau ne voit pas sa bosse)
3) « Yebɣa tasekkurt timelalin »
3) (Il veut le beurre et l’argent du beurre »
Aṭṭas deg Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin d imaziɣen sumata, mara d-ini
tikwal inza llan s tutlayt nneɣ, amur ameqran qqaren-ten-id s
tefransist. Ayɣer akka ustehzi agi di tutlayt nneɣ ? Amek amdan ad
istehzi deg tutlayt-is u netta ad yefk azal i tin n medden ? Amur
ameqran deg imaziɣen akken llan, qqaren-d inza yagi s trumit, amur
wis-qus, qqaren-ten-id « s taɛrabt n webrid » (akken qqaren waɛraven)
am akken nekwni ur nesɛa ara tameslayt ? Walit tura anzi yagi amek i
ten-id-ufiɣ s tefransist. Acḥal n tikal sliɣ i weqbayli yenna-d
akkagi: « Yebɣa le beurre et l’argent du beurre ».
Acimi anect-a ? Acku agdud nneɣ tebda tettruḥa-s tutlayt-is u netta
mazal-it ur d-ifaq ara deg iman-is. Ihi a yimawlan n tutlayt n
Masensen, n Amiruc, N Krim Belqasem, n Lmulud At Mɛammer, Taher
Djaɛuṭ, atg,…ilaq tura berka kwen, kwent taguni , acku « taberkant s
umger-ines » attan tettraju-d deffir tewwurt melmi ara yesselqef iziɣer
(âme) n umaziɣ akken ad tawi.
Hand Berkouk


text:
Yermes Lamamra amazan udmawan n Umaray amatu n Tuddsa n Yiɣlanen Yedduklen i Tniri tutrimtAynas, 05 Ctembeṛ 2022 14:48
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Aneɣlaf n Yiweẓla n uzɣar akked Umɣiwan aɣelnaw yeddren deg uzɣar, Mass Ramtane Lamamra yermes, ass n uynas (letniyen) amazan udmawan n Umaray amatu n Tuddsa n Yiɣlanen Yedduklen i Tniri tutrimt, Staffan de Mistura i d-igan yiwet n tirzi ɣer tmurt n Zzayer, ɣef wakken i d-yenna yiwen n ulɣu n uɣlif.
Yebda Staffan de Mistura tirzi ɣer Ugrur Staffan n MisturaAsiḍyas, 03 Ctembeṛ 2022 14:16
AMEƔRAS EL-HAFEDH (Agrur n yizrazaɣen iwniriyen) – Amazun udmawan n Umaray amatu n Yiɣlanen Yedduklen i Tniri tutrimt, Staffan de Mistura yebda, ass n usḍisas (ssebt), yiwet n tirzi n sin n wussan ɣer Ugrur Staffan n Mistura.
Aẓayer azerfan n Tniri Tutrimt iban yernu asbadu-nnes d afrarayAynas, 22 Ɣuct 2022 13:01
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Tiniri Tutrimt: Tiɣri Joe Biden akken ad yedhel aɣref awniri i uguccelmanAsiḍyas, 13 Ɣuct 2022 15:58
NEW YORK (Iwanaken Yeddukklen) – Tger-d tiɣri tseqqimt n yibugaṭuren n temdint n New York i uselway amarikani Joe Biden akken ad yedhel aɣref awniri i uguccelman d uzarug s uzrak n yirkawalen igraɣlanen yerzan aya d yiɣtasen n Ugraw Amatu n Yiɣlanen Yeddukklen, ladɣa taneɣtust 1415.
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Africom tettnadi ɣef udeg niḍen beṛṛa i Meṛṛuk i usuddes n tmudda n « African Lion »Akras, 27 Yulyu 2022 12:18
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WASHINGTON – Iger-d tiɣri isinatur agdudan Jim Inhofe i tedbelt n Biden akken ad d-tnadi ɣef udeg niḍen aydeg ara gen Yiwanaken Yeddukklen alaɣmu-nsen aseggasan n « African Lion » ay yennummen yettili-d deg Meṛṛuk yernu ssebba n waya d « iba n tmeɣsiwt d tmaglit » seg yidis ameṛṛuki akken ad tefru tamsalt n Tniri Tutrimt.
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NEW YORK (Iɣlanen Yeddukklen) – Yerra-d ugensas imezgi n Zzayer ɣer Tuddsa n Yiɣlanen Yeddukklen, Nadir Larbaoui, tiririt d taqesḥant ay d-yessuffeɣ Useqqamu n Tɣellist, d tin aydeg ay yenkeṛ akk tikerkas tufḍiḥin ay d-yenna ugensas ameṛṛuki deg New York, am wakken ay d-yesmekti s tdettin timezruyanin d uzadur n umyenkaf n Tniri Tutrimt.


text:
Agzum i yessetkelen s uḍman n tɣellist n waman deg Zzayer, s wahilen yemgarden i d-yettwaseḍran seg usuɣal n tnaya taɣelnawt, ass n 5 yulyu 1962, yesni aṭas n yiseḍra, ɣas akken yemmuger-d mennaw n yicqirrwen, ɣef umedya lqella n uɣelluy n unẓar akked unerni arurad n tlalit, rnu-yas temɣer n tmurt-nneɣ.
Deg 60 n yiseggasen n uzarug, agzum n Yiɣbula n waman yebda la yessihriw aẓeḍwu n waman n tissit akken ad yaweḍ, ɣer teggara n useggas n 2021, 143.000 km, neẓra dakken aya yella yerza kan, ar-mi d-yewweḍ uzarug, imhersen urufiyen i izedɣen deg temdinin timeqqranin, llan kan 35% seg yimdanen yeddren deg tmurt-nneɣ s yiwet n tlemmast tayalast n 90 n yilitren i yiwen n umezduɣ, i d-nnan i Tnegga n Yisalan n Zzayer yimeẓla n uɣlif n Yiɣbula n waman akked tɣellist n waman.
Imeẓla-nni nnan-d dakken llant 116 n teɣsar yettefin aman n tjumma, ɣer teggara n useggas , 2021, s yiwen n ukettur n 5.858.700 m3/ass.
Deg wayen yerzan ableɣ n usigeẓ aɣelnaw n waman n tissit, wa yewweḍ ar 3.6 mds m3 deg useggas n 2021 ideg ila atug n 50% i d-yekkan seg waman n ddaw n tmurt, 33% n waman n tjumma akked 17% n waman n yilel i wumi kksen tisent.
Rsen wuggugen gar yisenfaren i yeḥwaǧen asiẓref ameqqran krak kan sḍimraw (60) n yiseggasen-a ineggura.
Kettur n tufra n waman n wuggugen deg Zzayer yekka seg 908,8 imelyunen m3 (13 wuggugen) deg useggas n 1962 ɣer wugar 8.6 mds m3 assa s wugar n 80 n wuggugen ideg nesmahal kan 75 seg gar-asen.
Yesmemmi ugzum yiwet n tsetratijit taɣelnawt n tuqqna n yimeḍqan n tuffra n waman, d anagraw amnaḍan, am « unagraw Mao » akked win n « unagraw n Bni Harun ». Seg useggas n 1962 ar assa, 16 lluzinat akked yimeḍqan n usiweḍ n waman i d-yettwasɣenwen i usegrew n waman n tjumma.
Deg wayen yerzan aman n ddaw n tmurt, tesɛa imir-a Zzayer 281.000 n teyunin n yiɣbula, s yiwen n ukettur n wugar n 6,6 mds m3, ɣef wakken i d-nnan yimeẓla-nni, ma d anuten, llan 27.200 i ɣzen d agerruj anagdud i iṣerfen fell-as.
Gar wayen i iga ugzum, yessefk daɣen ad nebder isenfaren n ueḍru n lluzinat n uṣeffi n waman n yilel, gan 34 n teɣsar yerna la ten-smahalen ar assa, sɛant akettur n ufares n wazal n 52,6
millions m3 i useggas, akken ad nesseǧhed n usigeẓ s waman n tissit i 1.166.715 n yimezdaɣen.
Deg wayen yerzan asway deg tkerrazt, llan assa 45 yizzikiten imeqqranen n usway, tajumma n yisgulaf deg-s 279.000 n yiqṭaren, i wumi i d-zzin 48 n wuggugen imeqqranen, mgal 7 deg useggas n 1962, ila yiwet n tjumma 105.000 n yiqṭaren ideg llan kan 44.000 n yiqṭaren n tjumma yettwaswayen s tidet, ssebba-s d lqella n waman yellan deg wuggugen.
Akal-a sswayen-t seg waman n wuggugen neɣ seg zzazedgen aman n tzuliɣin, neẓra dakken llant 200 n teɣsar n usiozdeg i la smahalen imir-a s yiwen n ukettur n uṣeffi n 1,1 n yimelyaren n m3 i useggas, ideg llant 20 teɣsar yerzan i usway n wakal n tkerrazt, ɣef wakken i d-yenna uɣbalu.
Deg wayen yerzan asedwes, isenfaren i d-sseḍran ssawḍen akken ad zegren seg yiwen n utug n tuqqna ur nekki ara i 20% deg useggas n 1962, ar 91% deg useggas n 2021, aẓeḍwu aɣelnaw n usedwes yewweḍ ar 47.000 km.
Tukksa n tisent i waman n yilel, d aɣbalu amlellay
Aseḍru n tɣellist n waman d yiwen seg gar yimirwen n uselway n Tegduda, Mass Abdelmadjid Tebboune i yumṛen akken ad gen yiwet n teɣsert tamellilt, akken ad frun ɣef yiwet n tikkelt i usigeẓ s waman n tissit akked uḍman n tɣellist n waman deg tmurt.
Deg temlilit tagraɣlifant n 01 ɣuct 2021, ɣdebban ɣef tigin n yiwet n tsetratijit n tigawt i 2024 akked 2030, yersen ɣef usizwer n usegrew n yiɣbula n waman ara idumen.
Tsetratijit-a tla iswi n usigeẓ n temnaḍin yellan ɣef yiri n yilel akked temnaṣin i d-yezgan beɛdent s 150 n yikilumitren ɣef teɣsar n tukksa n tisent, anda i ṭṭuqqten yimezdaɣ yessawḍen ɣer 80% n seg uɣrud n yimezdaɣ n tmurt.
S tsetratijit-a, atug n usmahel n waman i wumi tettwakkes tisint ad yekk nnig n 17% m3 i useggas, i kecmen deg ukatar n yiwen n unagraw n usigeẓ n 16 n yigezda s waman n tissit, seg 19 n teɣsar n tukksa n tisint akked 4 n teɣsar n tukksa n tisint seg wamlan n yilel.
Atug n usmahel n waman i wumi tettwakkes tisint ad yennerni s 42% akken ad yaweḍ ar 60% deg yigli n useggas n 2030, s yiwen n ufares n wazal n 2 n yimelyaren m3 i useggas, yekcem deg yiwen n unagraw n usigeẓ n 35 n yigezda s waman n tissit, seg ara tekcem twala tis 2 n wahil n useḍru n teɣsar timeqqranin n tukksa n tisint n waman n yilel, s uẓunẓu n 6 teɣsar timaynutin ilan yiwen n ukettur n 300.000 m3 i wass i yal yiwet deg-sent.


text:
Fabrika n dwa Talimant Biontec tiwwed ɣer ijjen bakuna tejhed n Corona. Impfstoff .
Di tucrikt‑nnes akd Fabrika Tamarikant « Pfizer » Xsen ad ssentarn di cehara (Nuwwenber) ad ksin arruxṣa i bakluna‑ya zi wmarikan. Iwdan i di tɛayaren ssufɣen‑dd ca n nnumrawat cnan. dag‑sn urid layas waha, dag‑sen ddwa!
Biontec tenna belli bakuna‑nnes tesleqqa kta zi 90% zi Corona. Ssa ar aneggar n useggwas-a n 2020, ad swejden 50 mlyun n Bakunat.
Lḥukuma n Uliman tessiwel x Bakuna qbel ad tewjed, tenna belli, Bakuna ad teggen damzwar i iwessura d yewdan ihelken. Ɛawed iwdan ixeddmen deg igar n seḥḥet. « Di beddu din Firmirut d yenni iḥeṭṭan iwessura, Iḍbiben d yewdan i tzemmer ad tneɣ Corona. Ina zzag‑sen aṭṭas di tmurt‑nneɣ », Tenna Angela Merkel.


text:
S Windows 10, Microsoft yesker iminig-ines Edge i wakken ad yemḥezwar akked Firefox d Chrome, ayen i t-yerran d iminig yettusbedden yakan s wudem amezwer ɣef yimelyan n yiselkimen yettnuzun. Ɣas akken, iseqdacen ɛeṭṭlen akken ad tesqedcen rnu Microsoft iberreḥ-d deg taggara ɣef yiɣawasen i wallus n uskar n Edge d iminig yebnan ɣef Chromium (Chromium d asenfar n yiminig n teɣbalut yeldin n Google). Seg yennayer 2020, Microsoft n Chromium yebnan ɣef Edge isenfel lqem yezrin n Edge. Ɣas akken Edge yebna tura ɣef Google n Chromium, ddeqs n tmahilin tasufin ara t-yeǧǧen ad yemgarad ɣef Google yiminig Chrome.
Dagi ad nserwes iminig-nneɣ Firefox Browser d Chromium-yebnan ɣef Microsoft Edge deg wayen yerzan tabaḍnit, tixxutert d uɛebbi akken ad ak-nɛiwen ad tegzuḍ akken iwata anwa iminig i ilaqen i wayen tesriḍ d yismenyifen-ik.
Taɣellist d Tabaḍnit
Edge yettwarna ɣer tɣerɣert n Windows 10 yerna itteddu deg twennaḍt n usersu, anamek-is iferreq ahilen yerna yessewḥal yir ahilen ad xeẓren deg uselkim-ik. Deg-s SmartScreen i yettnadin tisellit n yismal yerna issewḥal ismal ideg yella ccekk. I usnerni n tbaḍnit, Edge ad k-isireg ad tesqedceḍ tabyumitrit neɣ PIN s Windows Hello deg wadeg n wawal uffir i usesteb srid.
Deg Firefox, nettzuxxu aṭas s ummesten n tɣellist d tudert tabaḍnit n yiseqdacen-nneɣ. Tasertit-nneɣ n tbaḍnit d tafrawant rnu s tutlayt fessusen. Nexdem ayen akk yellan fell-aɣ akken ad neḍmmen tefses d sshala i tɣuri-ines. S ummesten yettwaseǧhaden mgal aḍfar s wudem amezwer, nessewḥal s wudem awurman ugar n 2000+ n yineḍfaren. Ineḍfaren d iferdisen-nni imecṭaḥ n tengalt yettaɛraḍen ad d-leqḍen ayen akk i txeddmeḍ ɣef yismal n Internt yemgaraden akken ad d-suffɣen tugna yeddsen s ttfaṣil fell-ak, ayen yettarran tudert-inek tusligt deg wugur ayagi akk akken ad ssiwḍen ɣer udellel ifazen.
Ad ak-d-yessken ummesten n tbaḍnit ineḍfaren d yinagan n tuqqna i ɛerḍen yisebtar ad ǧǧen, akked wacḥal i yessewḥel Firefox ɣef lǧal-ik.
Deg Firefox, askar uslig n tunigin iseffeḍ s wudem awurman tilɣa n tunigin-ik am wawalen uffiren, inagan n tuqqna d umazray, ur d-ittaǧǧa ula d lǧerra seld ad tmedleḍ tiɣimit. Edge deg tama-nniḍen, yesseklas amazray n tunigin deg uskar-is uslig (isem-is “InPrivate”) d tawuri fessusen i yiwen ad d-iɛawed lebni n umazray ummid n tunigin-ik, ɣas tunigin-ik mmugent s uskar amagnu neɣ s uskar InPrivate.
Iminigen i sin meḥsub mgadan deg wayen yerzan awgelhen n yisefka. D acu kan, mayella tabaḍnit d tefrawant deg uẓeṭṭa sɛant azal ɣur-k, ihi iban d Firefox i d afran igerrzen da.
Tixxutert
Firefox d iminig arurad yerna n uɣbalu yeldin, anamek-is iseqdacen zemren ad sagnen tarmit-nsen n tunigin akken bɣan. Firefox ad isireg i useqdac ur nezgi ara ad isagen agrudem n useqdac s usnes n yisental yemgaraden d tawila n ufeggag n yifecka. Imi iminig-nneɣ seg wasmi yella n uɣbalu yeldin nesɛa amḍan meqqren aṭas n yineflayen yettmuddun afud, rnan-d tamkerḍit hrawen n yizegrar d yiseɣzaf n yiminig.
Seg wasmi i yekcem Edge ɣer tenɣubliḍt n Chromium s usekkar ussid, ilaq ad teḥṣum ad yeṭṭef akud deg ummsten, aṭas aṭas ma yella ddeqs n wahilen ara yettummestanen ɣef tikkelt. Acu kan, s tenɣubliḍt n Chromium ad d-tili tkarḍa meqqren aṭas n yisiɣzen akked uswir iwatan i waggan n ugrudem n useqdac ur yesɛi ara Edge uqbel ad yekcem ɣer Chromium.
Edge ɣur-s timahilin i inefeen aṭas i ugrudem n useqdac, am teskant n waccaren-nsent i izemren ad sishilent tawaledyawt n waccaren ilaqen ma yella aṭas i teldiḍ. Tamahilnt-nniḍen s wazal-is ad ak-teǧǧ ad terreḍ di rrif accaren ur tseqdaceḍ ara maca ur tebɣiḍ ara ad ten-tmedleḍ.
Firefox isumer-d agrudem s udrurem n waccaren, ara iḥerzen talɣut ɣef waccaren i d-ibanen, yessezray-iten-id s udrurem aglawan deg umḍiq n usemẓi-nsen almend n teɣzi n favicon. Daɣen yal mi ara teldiḍ iccer amaynut, tamahilt-nneɣ Pocket tsumer-ak-d imagraden ugbur yesean azal meqqren. Daɣen akked Pocket, tzemreḍ ad teskelseḍ imagraden, tibidyutin, d igburen-nniḍen s yiwen n usiti, akken ad ten-teɣreḍ mbeed.
Firefox d Edge i sin yid-sen ttaken-d iskaren n tɣuri ifazen. S Firefox; sit kan ɣef tignit-nni tamecṭuḥt deg ufeggag n unadi syen iminig ad yesfeḍ akk iferdisen ur nemein ara rnu ad ak·akem-d-yesken amagrad s wudem zeddigen. Deg Edge, sit kan ɣef tignit n yidles ameẓẓyan akked ɣef yiminig akken ad teseuḍ agrudem n useqdac yeṣfan i isehlen i tɣuri.
Firefox daɣen yegber ddeqs n tmahilin ara terreḍ gar yifassen-ik am Ummesten mgal aḍfar yennernan, afecku n tuṭṭfa n ugdil n usliɣ, tuzna n yifuyla meqqren d wayen-nniḍen.
Beṛṛa n tewwurt, Firefox yesea aṭas n tmahilin d yiseddayen yeddan deg yiminid rnu wejdent i usider s sshala. Γas akken i sin yiminigen sean aqettun n yizegrar d yiseɣzaf yellan, amṣada n Edge d Google tɣerɣert n Chromium irennu-as deg ubaɣur deg tewtilin n uqettun n yimḍanen.
Aɛebbi
S Internet Explorer, telmed Microsoft seg lexṣaṣ-ines deg meṛṛa tiɣerɣar, yerra Edge yella s sshala ɣef iOS, Android, Windows, macOS, qrib daɣen deg Linux.
Firefox yella deg iOS, Android, Windows, macOS d Linux i yiseggasen. Akken tzemreḍ ad terǧuḍ seg yal iminig atrar, ad ak·akem-yeǧǧ ad tkecmeḍ s umiḍan ilelli, ad ak·akem-yeǧǧ daɣen ad semtawiḍ isefka am wawalen uffiren, amazray n tunigin, ticraḍ n yisebtar d waccaren yeldin ɣef uselkim, tafelwit n uselkim d tiliɣri. Ad ak·akem-yeǧǧ daɣen ad tsemtawiḍ ɣef meṛṛa tiɣerɣar.
Edge ad ak·am-imudd tisirag ad teqqneḍ ɣer umiḍan-inek icudden ɣer Microsoft syen ad tkecmeḍ i wakken ad tsemtawiḍ inurifen-inek·inem, amazray, awalen uffiren, d wayen-nniḍen gar uselkim-inek·inem d yibenkan iOS neɣ Android.
Aktazal amatu
Aside from sucking up a lot of computing power, Edge running on Chromium has answered a lot of users’ needs for functionality and features. But there’s still a lot to account for in terms of the browser’s privacy protections. It’s our assessment that Firefox is still a better choice for most people to use in their daily lives, based not only on functionality but more importantly on our transparency in how we collect user data, what exactly we collect, and what we do with it. Because our parent company is Mozilla, a non-profit organization dedicated to internet privacy and freedom, we simply have a different set of priorities when it comes to users’ data.
Ɣer taggara, ulamma nessumer-d aseqdec n Firefox, iminig yufraren ad yeqqim d win i yeddan d lebɣi-k kan kečč s usefrek n yisiɣzaf, aggan n yifecka n tunigin, arured, tabaḍnit d tɣellist.
Iserwas i yettwagen da, mmugen am wid yettwagen akked yiɣewwaren imezwer d yileqman n tuffɣa n yiminigen akka:
Firefox (81) | Edge (85)
Asebter-a yettwaleqqam yal tlata wagguren akken ad d-iban deg yileqman ineggura, akken yezmer daɣen ur d-ttbanen ara yileqman ineggura.


text:
lerifain
Aṭṭas n imeɣnas Irifiyen ittbeddan aked inecraf ipulitiken yellan di leḥbusat n Lmuɣrib, fesren-d aṭṭas n tecliwin i ɣa yilin di ca n tmura zzag-sent Biljik (Bruksil d Antwirpen) d Amesterdam deg Ulanda, mamec i d-nnan tnayen imeɣnas di Spanya deg ijjen ulaɣi-nnsen ila Zefzafi d Uḥemjiq ttren ad tili ijjen tekli di Barsiluna d asedder i wektay n Eimad Lɛettabi i yemmuten di tecli n 21 Yulyuz yettwassnen di Biyya asegg°as n 2017.
Laṭṭan n Kuruna tuɣa isbedd aṭṭas n inhezziyen i ila xsen ad ggen Irifyen deg Uruppa maḥend ad ttren s tlelli n inecraf Irifiyen, d waṭṭas n tutriwin nniḍen min xef ffɣen Irifiyen deg usegg°as n 2016/2017.


text:
Iwdan yessawalen Taglanzit di Ccinwa ktar zeg inni it yessawalen di Wmarikan.
Taddart tacemlalt (Amarikan) dag‑s 13092 n lemwas, Furcitat, d tiɣenjayin.
Aslem n wureɣ itedwir d acemlal di ṭlam.
Triyyat n lebḥer wer ɛrimen alli.
Ilef wer izemmer ad yexzer deg ujenna.
Serraq zzit itedder tesɛa n wussan bla ma yecca.
Neɛɛama ɣers tiṭṭ tujar alli.
Mala tekkid 6 n iseggusa d 9 iyyuren tessufuɣed lgas uɛeddis bla ma tsbedded (tkeffafed), Ad tgirwed igazen anict n lbumba n waṭum.
Amquṭṭes aqudad deg umezruy teggit Zanjibar d uglanzi degʷ 1896, Zanjibar tessers lesnaḥ awarni 38 Minut.
Aslem n wureɣ iɛeqqel x 3 isikunden
Wer tzemmerd ad tegged deɣdeɣ (herrherr) i yixf‑nnek.
Iles d wenni d muskulu ijehden di taddut nneɣ.
Wer tzemmerd ad tɛeḍsed s tiṭṭawin arzment.
Marra wenni umi ɣa tinid « wer tzemmerd » wer ittehni ar ɣa iɛayar.


text:
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text:
saḥVB [ṣaḥ]
échoir, arriver à, être dévolu
Flexions saḥṣaḥemt nettṣaḥ nṣaḥ yettṣaḥen iṣaḥen itṣaḥ tṣaḥen ttṣaḥet ṣaḥ ittṣaḥ iṣaḥ ttṣaḥen ṣaḥen tetṣaḥeḍ tetṣaḥem itṣaḥen tettṣaḥeḍ ṣaḥeɣ tettṣaḥem tṣaḥem ittṣaḥen tṣaḥet tetṣaḥ tṣaḥent ttṣaḥemt ṣaḥet tettṣaḥ tṣaḥ ttṣaḥent ṣaḥent yetṣaḥ tetṣaḥemt ttṣaḥ saḥ yettṣaḥ tṣaḥeḍ tettṣaḥemt tṣaḥemt tṣaḥeɣ netṣaḥ yetṣaḥen ttṣaḥeɣ
Sources saḥ
- BOUAMARA Kamel, Issin : Asegzawal n teqbaylit s teqbaylit, Editions l'Odyssée, Tizi-Ouzou, 2010
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982


text:
Inzggan
Inzggan tga yat tiɣrmt illan gr Ugadir d Ayt Mllul, tg tamaẓunt n tmnbaḍt Inzggan–Ayt Mllul nna illan ɣ tmnaḍt tamssugurt n tsga n Sus–masst, skrn t iɣwwaɣn n Fransa tizi lliɣ d ɣuɣn s tmazirt. Stin t ɣ yat twrirt mẓẓiyn ikkan f iḍuṛan lli yas issutln afad ad tg accbaṛ n tiḍaf f imzdaɣn n waksimn d imsgginn. Imik ittiskar gis ubiru n lqqayd, ssuq n ttlaṭa, tiḥuna, s tgʷmma aylliɣ akk tkka f iḍuṛan lli aɣ adlli zdɣn middn zun d Tarrast, Lmẓaṛ, Takaḍ, Timṛṣit ...
Inzggan ur adlli ttiyskar afad ad tg tamdint mqqurn. Ar d ttagur zun d kra n tgzirt iɣ d fllas ingi wasif n Sus issutl as. Mrad is ur tattuy ur rad sar tg tamdint. Ɣassad tga tamdint, mqqar tmẓẓiy tugr tt taqqurt nns. Wanna rad isɣ urɣ, nnqqrt, timlsa ɣ Ugadir, ur ikki man i Inzggan.[1]
Tga Inzggan yat tammast n wassay bahra imqqurn. Ar gis ittmniggir uɣaras anamur amzwaru wiss 8 d wiss 10.
Azal nɣ atig[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Inzggan iga anmuggar n tsbbabt nna akk imqqurn ɣ tsga n Sus–masst. Yan zɣ inmuggarn lli bahra ittwattasn middn bac ad sɣin kraygat taɣawsa. Illa gis wunuz s tbḍit ula s ugudi. Zdɣn gis uggar n 112 753 n imzdaɣn ɣ usiḍn usgg°as 2004. Iga wass n usinas ass imqqurn ɣ ugadaz. Mac amussu n tsbbabt illa ku yass ɣ Inzggan zɣ uzal ar diyiḍ.
Asnmkta[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ar ittini usiḍn lli ittyuskar ɣ usggʷas n 2014 mas[2]:
Aslmd[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Tigmiḍi n taqubbanit (middn lli ur ssin ad aqran wala ad ttaran) : 26,1%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli iɣran ar usinan n usmdi nɣd uggar : 16,5%
Tadamsa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli llan ɣ isggasn nnsn n twuri : 49,5%
- Tigmiḍi n tarwuri (middn lli ur ṭṭafn tawuri) : 16,2%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin dar lmxzn (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 8%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin ɣ uslig (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 48%
Tasɣnzit[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Inmuggarn lli gis illan :
- Anmuggar n ṭṭlata (ku imalass)
- Anmuggar n lxʷḍrt (ku yass)
- Ssuq mẓẓin (ku yass)
Akal[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Gan Waksimn taqbilt illan ɣ wakal n inzggan. Nttni ad tt-nn ikkan ar skarn ssuq n ṭṭlata kraygat imalass ɣ Inzggan.
Udmawn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Saɛd-Ddin Lɛutmani, anssixf amzwaru n tmazirt
Iɣbula[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- ↑ Tamɣra n uccann - Yura tt Brahim Lɛsri [Sfld adlis]
- ↑ RGPH 2014 - Site HCP


text:
Umi nebda nettari di lerifain.fr, nura x waṭṭas n isental, d amezwaru, amnus i ttuɣa yellan mamec nzemmar a negg a nari x yigran-a imsebḍan s kulci. Mala nessen belli Tmaziɣt wer ɣer-s bu ca n wagla d ameqqran.
Am waṭṭas n ilsawen, ɣer-sen iwalen i ixess wer ten-sxeddimen di tudert-nnsen talebdant, Ineglinziyen ca zzag-sen, sxeddamen awal n “Gosh” deg wemkan n “God” (Rebbi). Minzi ixess awal n “Rebbi” wer t-tteydaren x yiles-nnsen. Aya, yella ula di Tefransist.
Deg wawal-nneɣ n Tmaziɣt nzemmer a naf ca n wawalen udrusen, i nsxeddam bla ma a nessdḥa. Ameknaw neqqar “raḥeɣ neɣleɣ aman = deg wemkan ma ad nini “becceɣ, beẓḍeɣ”. Nzemmer ad nini “idmaren, iffan” maca wer iԑeddel a nini “ibbac”. Nzemmer a nini “ssudmeɣ” maca “ggiɣ taqemmumt” d ḥcuma.
Di Tmaziɣt, aṭṭas n wawalen i nsxeddam, nettaḥsab-iten d iԑeffanen (vulgaires), ameknaw isem n “taqqut” zeg wemyag-nnes “qqu”. Amyag n “qqu” di Tmaziɣt, nettawi-d akid-s iwalen-nniḍen, maca xmi i ten-neqqar nettḥada dag-sen ijjen ddegg n ddenf, ameknaw awal n “bennar”, akid-s, xirebbi n tenfalitin-nniḍen (autres expressions) a zzag-sen d-nefren “ԑerneɣ-as-t, ggiɣ-as-t….”.
Di tira, netterra taynit i wawalen i nsxeddam, awal n “taqqut” nsxedm-it di lerifain di 07 n isental alaḥal. ԑawed, mamec nessxdem awal n “asikes” qell zzag-s.
Zi lxezrat-nneɣ tamezwarut, neqqar mala awal yella di tidett, min daneɣ-ɣa-ijjen wer t-nsxeddim? Hiwa mala awal aqqa-t x yiles n yewdan, ttsarrafen-t, nzemmer a t-nerr d tira.
Waxxa amenni, am ddegg-a n wawalen, wer nzemmer a ten-nini di twacunt, imken ad tili d ta d lemsibbet a ten-nessigg°ej x iles amassan (la langue scientifique).
Di Teԑrabt, amenni. Awal n « Nik نيك» aqqa-t ɣer-sen yella zi lebda, maca qqaԑ wer t-sxeddimen di tira. Sxeddamen iwalen-nniḍen am « nakaḥa, waṭiʡa نكح، وطأ », amenԑad saqaren-d awal n « marasa ljines ».
A tafed lefqih di temzgida, issawal x “nnikaḥ” bla ma ad ssedḥan imẓalla. Maca, mala issexdem iwalen-nniḍen, zemmren imaẓalla ad zewɣen merra, ad asen-ibeddel ukulur n wudem.
Ila nzemmer a nefessel mliḥ di min d-newwi s-nnej, maca, imedyaten-nni i d-newwya, d amezwaru zemmren ad ilin d tabridt n trezzut-nniḍen, s uyenni, di tira n ujurnal, ixess a nerr taynit i ddegg-a n tmeslayin.
S tidett, manaya nurmal, minzi aqqa-aneɣ mamec nbenna ijjen yiles ԑad deg uswir n tira, nettexes ad yili ihwen i wefham.
Di min iqqnen ɣer yisem n “taqqut” d min zzag-s d-nessufuɣ d iwalen-nniḍen. Ttmeyyaleɣ a nessxdem tinfalitin niɣ iwalen i ɣa yilin d irawsanen (neutres), ameknaw : ““asikes”, « ṭṭseɣ aked… », « negga arriḍa… ».
I kenniw/kennint min iԑna rray-nnwem(t) di manaya ?


text:
Zegga teɛdu sett chur zeg wami tefser tnegmamt n ṣeḥhet lḥal n uɣawel deg umaḍal, ggin agraw wis rebɛa ass-a maḥend ad ssnen mani iwweḍ ubirus n Kuruna. Ula kter awarni umi ibda ittgeɛɛad s waṭṭas nnumru n imehlak n Kuruna zegga ttyarita. Deg Uliman nettaf ila asinag n Robert-Koch yenna ila imehlak n Kuruna wwḍen 870 deg wass-a (01/08/2020). Di Lmuɣrib, wwḍen imehlak deg wass s ixef-nnes ar 1063.
Aṭṭas n tmura kritikan tanegmamt n ṣeḥḥet minzi ɛeḍlen aṭṭas wer ggin tizemmar-nnsen maḥend ad fesren x lḥal n uɣawel di Ccinwa d umaḍal. Amarikan, yenna x tnegmamt belli nettat d tmunyakut deg ufus n Ccinwa, mamec i tt-tekritikan alaḥsab takmamt, minzi kul twalat d mayen teqqar x tekmamt.
Tedros: Kuruna, ad yeqqim later-nnes deg issgusa i dd-igguren.
Yenna Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus amɣar n tnagmamt n ṣeḥḥet tamaḍlant deg wass n jjemɛa (31 yulyuz 2020) belli afsar n ubirus n kuruna ad yili zeg ikaṭastrufen ɣa yeqqimen ijjen lweqt d azegrar deg yimal.
Awal-nnes yenna-t deg ijjen wegraw di tnegmamt, mamec yenna ɛawed Tedros ila aqqa: « jjriḥect-a d ijjen krisis tettemsar ijjen twalat kul lqern maca tyuri-nnes nzemmer ad zzag-s naka x waṭṭas n issgusa ».
Tedros yenna, qa waxxa nessen cwayt x ubirus-a wa, maca qa din aṭṭas n iseqsan ɛad wer dasen-nufi timrarutin, ɛad zemmren iwdan ad helken s lehlak-a wa. Yeḍfar yenna « tiɣuriwin i negga mmalent-id ila waxxa abirus-a illqef aṭṭas n yiwdan di ca n tmurt, maca waxxa amenni izemmer ad d-yedwel ad ten-ilqef ɛawed »
Yerni yenna : » Aṭṭas n tmura tuɣa ttɣilent belli ssurfent lxaṭar, maca luxa nettaf-itent tteggent tizemmar maḥend wer dd-ttbinen ibeqqiḍen d imaynuten n ubirus-a. D ca n tmura i tuɣa yeẓrin drus n iwdan ihelken s ubrius, luxa ttmarnayen dag-sent imehlak d imettinen »
Tigg°edi zi leḥmu n Uruppa
Zeg ijjen uɣezdis nniḍen. Uruppa deg ussan-a imeggura, igeɛɛed dag-s leḥmu s waṭṭas, iweḍ ar 40° di ca n imukan. Mayen yejjin lmexzen n mkul tammurt ad sfekkren imsaryen ig ittraḥen ɣer lebḥer belli abirus ɛad yella.
Tenna Fransa ila tasfift n leḥmu yeggur ad taweḍ ar 40° di tili, deg imukan ameknaw Paris d ijjen wezgen zeg yeẓẓlmeḍ-nnes i yewtin ɣer usammer. Ifransisen nnan belli ixess iwdan « ad siɣan ad mlagg°ajen jar-asen ad ggen takmamt ». Mamec nnan ila ixess ad rren taynit i iwssura.
Aliman la d netta, ibda issadaf drus n yiwdan ɣer timedwin-nnes n waman mani qbel tuɣa ssadafen iwdan kulci. Ibriṭaniyen d Ilimaniyen fesren-dd ila ass-a n jjemɛa (01 zi Tɣuct 2020) d ass i yeḥman qaɛ ar lexxu, maca aqqa tasfift n leḥmu, lmijar-nnes d aquḍaḍ. I dd-wekkden.


text:
LeRifain
Zegga i iruḥ ɛlayen ijjen uyur zeggami ɣer Lubnan zegga i yemsar uḍuqqeẓ di Bayrut ass n 4 zi ɣuct i yeɛdun, yeɛqeb ɛawed arrayes n Fransa Emmanuel Macron ɣer Lubnan deg yijjen unewju ad yekk 24 n tseɛɛatin, zi 31 ɣuct al 1 cutanbir.
Macron, di twaḥit-nnes ɣer Lubnan, yemsagar aked arrayes Mical Ɛawn, inaked-it bac ad bedden x uḍar, a dd-swejden lḥukuma di min yudsen, ad ɛedlen min ɣa ɛedlen. Amen yemsagar ɛawed aked tmeɣnujt talubnanit Fayruz, awarn i umi i ɣer-s yennewju ɣer taddart-nnes.
Macron, yenna belli aqqa-t yewjed bac ad yettwagg ijjen wegraw n twiza n tmura n umaḍal aked Lubnan deg uyur i dd-ittasen.
Tala: France 24


text:
Tutlayt Takurdit
Takurdit d-assaɣ ay ssxdamn i snat n tutlayin yttmcabin mliḥ, ttmslayn-tnt wazal n 13 n yimlyunn n ymdann ɣ tama-nni n asya umi qqarn kurdistan. tamnzut d tutlayt takurmanjit (nɣ takurdit n ugafa), ma d tis snat d tutlayt tasuranit (nɣ takurdit n wnẓul), ay ttmslayn wazal n 2.800.000 n ymdabn du lɛiraq akk d 3.000.000 n ymdann ɣ iran. takurmanjit, tin ay ttmslayn waṭas n mddn, ad tt-naf dɣa s waṭas ɣ ¨tturk, anda ay llan 4 n yimlyunn n mddn ay tt-yttmslayn, ɣ ugafa n lɛiraq, ɣ surya tt-ttmslayn 500.000 n mddn, ɣ arminya (100.000 n ymsiwln) akk d ɣ iran (100.000). llan diɣ wid yttmslayn takurdit takurmanjit ɣ jyurjya akk d azrbiǧan, maca ur nẓri ara acḥal, am wakkn ay llant diɣ trbbaɛ timcṭaḥ n yikurdiyn ay izdɣn ɣ tmura tibrr'aniyn (azal n 70.000 s ujmmal), ladɣa ɣ lubnan akk d turuft, ɣ yiwunak yddukln (usa) akk d kanada. wid yttmslayn takurdit tasuranit wwḍn ɣr 6 n yimlyunn s ujmmal, ma d wid yttmslayn takurdit takurmanjit wwḍn ɣr wazal n 7 n yimlyunn, xas ma ylla llan kra ay d-yqqarn d akkn wwḍn alammi d 20 n yimlyunn. yuɣ lḥal, maci mrr'a ikurdiyn yllan ass-a d wid ay yssnn ad mmslayn tutlayt-nsn imi tamsrtit (assimilatiun) tssawḍ aṭas sg-sn ad ǧǧn takurdit, yrnu llan ula d imdann yttmslayn tutlayin nniḍn, am tguranit nɣ tadimlit (d tutlayin tihndurufiyin ay yttmcabin wagar-asnt, maca mgrradnt ɣf tkurdit), yrnu ḥsbn iman-nsn d ikurdiyn, d aya ay yttaran tikwal lḥsabat wɛrn.
Ɣ Iransnfl
90% zɣ yikurdiyn ttidirn ɣ tudrin, ma d wiyaḍ d imksawn itddun zɣ adɣar ɣr wayaḍ. mbɛd ma sɛddan cḥal n yisgg°asn s ddaw n lbaṭl n udabu n iran, ssawḍn yikurdiyn ad sbeddn taskla yuran s tutlayt nnsn ɣ tmurt n iran, yernu si 1984, tenqes mliḥ ccedda ɣf tkurdit ɣ iran imi ay izmrn yikurdiyn ad ɣrn tutlayt nnsn ɣ tmiwa nnsn, ɣ tmurt ad. aṭṭas n tsufaɣ (ḥublicatiuns) ay d-yeffɣn zɣ yimir-n, yernu ikurdiyn n iran sɛan ula d tisgilin n unzway yettmslayn s tutlayt nnsn ɣ iran.
Ɣ Turkyasnfl
Ɣ 1938 ay tettwagdel tkurdit yernu s kra n win ara tt-yemmeslayen ɣ berr'a yezmer ad ixelles' tafgurt (amende). ɣ tallit-a taberkant ay sɛeddan yikurdiyen, tutlayt-nsen tesr'uḥ aṭas seg wennar-is, aṭas n yikurdiyen ay yuɣalen d isnutlayen (bilingues), yernu ciṭṭaḥ kan maḍi seg-sen ay ilemden ad ɣren u ad arun tutlayt-nsen. ɣ 1961, asmi ay d-tesbedd tturk tamenḍawt (constitution) tamaynut, bdant a d-teffɣent tsufaɣ (publications) tikurdiyin, tikwal s snat n tutlayin, maca aṭas deg-sent ay yettwagedlen akken kan d-ffɣent. yernu si 1967 alammi d taggara n yiseggasen n 1980, adabu aturki ikemmel kan yettzeggid ɣ ccedda ɣef tkurdit yernu yesbedd-d aṭas n yisuḍaf (leqwanin) i yes ara sen-yerr takmamt i yikurdiyen, ur ttmeslayen, ur ttarun tutlayt-nsen. d acu kan, ɣ 1991, yekkes unabaḍ aturki agdal-nni-yines ɣef tkurdit, yernu xas ur d-qqimen ara aṭas n yikurdiyen ay yettmeslayen takurdit ɣ tturk , maca ttwalin d akken tutlayt-nsen d aḥric yesɛan azal meqqren ɣ tnettit-nsen. ma ikurdiyen n arminya, aṭas n leqdicat ay d-uran s tkurdit takurmanjit ɣ tallit tasuvyatit.
Ẓeṛ ulasnfl
- The Kurdish Institute of Paris: Language and Literature
- Kurdish Language and Linguistics, at Encyclopedia Iranica (article written by Ludwig Paul)
- History of Kurdish Written Literature, at Encyclopedia Iranica (article written by Philip G. Kryeenbroek)
- Kurdish Language Initiative of Seywan Institute
- Kurdish Institute of Istanbul
- KAL: The Kurdish Academy of Language
- Kurdish Language Academy in Iran
- Kurdish Kurdish links and language information, dictionary etc.
- Online Kurdish-English Dictionary
- On-line Kurdish-English Dictionary
- Online English to Kurdish to English Dictionary (By Erdal Ronahî)
- Online Kurdish-German-Kurdish Dictionary
- Online Kurdish-English Ferheng Dictionary
- Online Turkish-Kurdish-Turkish Dictionary
- http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Linguistics-and-Philosophy/24-942Grammar-of-a-Less-Familiar-
- Comparison between alphabets used in Kurdish
- Southern kurdish phonetic
- Gorani Influence on Central Kurdish
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Tutlayt Takurdit". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/kurd1259.


text:
Le Rifain
Tewca-sen terfiqt n Bayern München i imeddukal n Messi minxef rezzun, awarn i umi i ten teddez aɛecci n wass n jjemɛa 14 zi ɣuct, deg yijjen tfust n čamma n uḍar s tmenya n iɣulen ɣer tnayen. Tfust-a n čamma i ttuɣa yellan d rrbeɛ n uneggar n Champions League, wer ttuɣa ittriji ula d ijjen a deg-s tewḍa terfiqt n Barcelona x uɣembub, s cckel-nni i zi tettwarna aked terfiqt talimant i wer ireḥḥmen.
Thomas Müller yegga tnayen n iɣulen, ijjen di ddqiqet 4, ijjen di ddqiqet 34. Iɣulen nneɣni usin-dd ammu: Akerwat Ivan Perišić (21), Serge Gnabry (30), Joshua Kimmich (63), Apulandi Robert Lewandowski (84), Abrazili Philippe Coutinho (85 d 89). Iɣulen n Barcelona; ijjen yessidef-it David Alaba s ufayu di tracca-nsen (7). Wenneɣni yegga-t Luis Suarez (57).
Bayern ad yemsagar deg wezgen n uneggar ass n larbeɛ i dd-yegguren, aked terfiqt i ɣa yernan di tfuset i ɣa yettwaggen jer Manchester City d Olympique lyonnais.
Ɣezzu-ya i tegga Bayern di Barça, yesfekkara-neɣ-dd s ɣezzu i tegga terfiqt n Uliman di Brazil s sebɛa n iɣulen ɣer yijjen asegg°as n 2014. Manaya, yeshekk°a tandut n Bayern i di lmizan n terfiqin i yettemɛutrusen ḥuma ad rnant deg uneggar, ad ksint awardi n Champions League.


text:
Tafukt
Tafukt () tga-tt titrit n unegraw afukan. Ɣ ussurtey asnallun, tga tafukt zɣ yitran ganin ɣ wanaw axmuc awraɣ ilan ɣ ubeddur attayen n 1,989 1 × 1030 kg, tettusileɣ s uhidrujin (75 % n ubeddur d 92 % n ubleɣ) d uhilyum (25 % n ubeddur d 8 % ubleɣ). Tamu tafukt ɣ umahellaw igan s isem abrid n walim taggug i tuẓẓumt n umahellaw s wattayen n 8 kpc (∼26 100 a.l.), agensu n yiɣil n Uṛyun. Ar tessutul tafukt i tuẓẓumt n umahellaw ɣ 225 ar 250 n imelyunen n iseggasen (aseggas n umahellaw). Ar as-ittenneḍ wakal (s temmri n 30 km/s), sa n imtiwgen yaḍen, semmus n imtiwgen ixmucen s usidres, mennaw n iknemtiwgen d imsazagen d yat tassfift n ugeḍrur. Ar tettgensas tafukt i waḍu-nnes attayen n 99,854 % n ubeddur n unegraw afukan, ar ittgensas Jupiter uggar n sin ifkraḍen n uyenna d-yaguren.
Tafukt, dar s assaɣn yaḍn zund "iṭij - tafuyt", nttat ad igan itri illan ɣ tuẓẓumt n unagraw anafuk, d iga ubddur ns kra n 99,86% zzɣ amsmun n ubddur n unagraw anafuk.
Asamusnfl
- Awum aknunnay: 1,39 agndid akilumitr.
- Abddur: 1,99 × 10³⁰ akilugram.
- Astum n wammas n umahllaw: 26 038 asggwas n tifawt.
- Azmz n wannaḍ: 25 n wass.
- Azmz n uḥbu amahllawan: 225 agndid n usggwas.
- Aẓẓug n tsna: 274 M/S².
- Tirɣi n tsna: 5 505 wC.
Asnaysnfl
Ar iddnkay ma ilkkmn ar kṛaḍ yifkkuẓn n ubddur n tfukt zzɣ ahidrujin, d ma iɣaman tugtt nns zzɣ ahilyum. d ɣas 1,69% zzɣ tafukt (i sul igan 5 628 ntkklit anaḍu n ubddur n wakal) ar iddnkay zzɣ ifrdisn ẓḍaynin zund akṛbun d uzzal d unyun d uksijin.
Astumsnfl
Ar ilkkm ustum amjahdi n tfukt gras d wakal kra n 149,6 agndid akilumitr (1 AU), d ar ttkka tifawt n tfukt afadd ad tlkm akal 8 n tusdidin d 19 n tasint.
Amahllaw (amazllaw)snfl
Ar yad lli ittuɣal mas d tafukt ur dar s kra n ubɣur amqran ɣ izmazz bahra iqqbuṛn, macc ɣila d tnqqr s uggar n 85% f itran illan ɣ umahllaw n ubrid n uɣu, d taggugnn s ma yaẓn i sin ifkṛaḍn n uɣaras xf tuẓẓumt n ubrid n uɣu.
Tanɣa n tfuktsnfl
Alssi n usiddsnfl
Iga Alssi n usidd yat tiski n bṛṛa isdidn ɣ tfukt. ɣ ddu n ulssi n usidd ar ttgga tafukt tamallast.
Adɣar n uggwa anrɣisnfl
Ar ttasin igjda inrɣin kra n tangiwin irɣan xf tasna n tfukt, a hlli tṣmḍ tanga, ar ttḍlu s amnid n udɣar amznẓṛ irɣan.
Adɣar amznẓṛsnfl
Ar ittasi udɣar amznẓṛ tirɣi iggutn n ul s bṛṛa zund kra n uznẓaṛ anrɣi, d usiṣmiḍ n tngiwin s urmiḍ d ar ttidrus tnẓẓi n tngiwin tinafukin s timiḍi n tkklit f ugzzum n uflla n ul s ugzzum n uflla n udɣar amznẓṛ.
Wulsnfl
99% zzɣ ku taẓḍaṛt ittffuɣn zzɣ tafukt ar d ittacka 24% gis zzɣ agwns n tẓayṛt n uzgn n uwum n tfukt.


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Ass agraɣlan n tutlayt tayemmat
Ass agraɣlan n tutlayt tayemmat d asfuggel amseggas (n yal aseggas) deg yal tamurt d wadeg n umadal i wesuddes (i wssejhed) n uramas n tuggta n tutlayin d yidlisen. Ass n 21 fuṛaṛ yettumeggez d ass i wesfuggel s tlemmiẓt-a. Dɣa talemmiẓt-a tettwaleɣ-d i tikkelt tamezwart sɣur tuddsa n UNESCO deg deg wass n 17 wamber n useggas n 1999, Sin akin yegguni-t wegraw amatu n yeɣlanen yeddukklen s talɣa tamaddudt (tunṣibt). Akken i d-yettwasker useggas agraɣlan i tutlayin deg 2008.
Deg useggas n 2000 yella-d usfuggel amezwaru s tlemmiẓt-a i wesnerni d usdus telwit d tuggta n tutlayin deg yakk ideggan n umadal d taggaẓt aladɣa tutlayin n tdersiyin.


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Awarn i umi yegga Benkiran imi di Maysa Salama Nnaji, di tesɣimit tanamurt n ukabar PJD ass n ssebt i yeɛdun, terra-dd x-as Maysa s yij n tzemmemt di facebook, tenna-s: Raja-yi-dd, a dd-dewleɣ zi baba i ɣer nwejweɣ, uca a ɣer-k dd-geffḍeɣ, a dak-mmleɣ minxef trezzud!
Amenni nnit, iḍennaḍ n lḥedd, teffeɣ-dd Maysa s yij ubidyu, teslil dag-s Benkiran. Maysa i ttuɣa dd-ittbanen tekɛa, tessehwa-dd acewwaf x yij uɣezdis, tebda awal-nnes s yisem n Benkiran, am ccɣel tettnakad-it, tenna-as: « Benkiran! aqqa-c d ta d taneggarut i di x-ak ɣa ssiwleɣ, walli umi i zeg-k uḥleɣ, niɣ umi i c-mellen imeɣrabiyen waha, maca xseɣ a dac-iniɣ aqa tfeḍḍid, tsalid, truḥed dag-s, illa tugid a zeg-s tneɛmed ».
Terni Maysa tenna-s: iḍennaḍt teffɣed-dd tekk°red-ayi, tessiwled dag-i, maca necc wer lliɣ ca d Fuad Ɛali Lhimma i wer dak-dd-itterrin lexber, niɣ d Ilyas Lɛumari i ttuɣa wer yessinen a x-ak dd-yerr, niɣ d Cabaṭ i ttuɣ dd-ihekk°an yesfurtuq am cekk, niɣ d Axnuc i ttuɣa yeccaten ṭṭemm ittrajan ad teɛdu lmujet, lexxu tewḍid-dd di yelli-s n wegdud, wer das-tzemmred, akeccud i ɣa tesseɛqred, d wenni i c-ɣa-yesḍerɣlen… »
Maysa, deg ubidyu-ya, ittban ila tgeffeḍ-dd ɣer-s nican amen ttuɣa tenna di tzemmemt-nnes. Tebda-as-dd zi manis i dd-yebda d manis i dd-yeffeɣ, d mamec yegga alami yiweḍ, d merra iẓembiḍen i yegga, d ixentrisen i di yeɛjen… Tudef dag-s s lmeɛqul! Tenna-s: cekk di temẓi-nnec ttuɣa teffɣed abrid, teqqared-t s uqemmum-nnec. waɛliha tjebd-as-dd ḍḍwasa-nnes aked umussu n tmeslemt, tenna-s aqa cekk ttuɣa-cekk d acekkam d axbarji, aqa Muṭiɛ xmi i ttuɣa c-ittwala tudfed-dd, yeqqar-asen: aqqa-wem acekkam yudef-dd! amen das tenna ɛawed aqa d netta d lesbab i zi yudef ccix asalafi i umi qqaren CCadli ɣer lḥebs, d netta i t-yezzenzen. Terni tkemmel-as-dd s tebrat i yura ɣer Dris Lbeṣri, ittetter zag-s ḥuma a zeg-sen yeqbel ad ilin d lḥizeb.
Maysa tewsef Benkiran s « lebbandi » d « lmunafiq »… Minzi zegga i dd-yuley ɣer leḥkam x weɛrur n 20 febrayer, wer yezmir ad ibedd deg wudem n lfasad. Yeqqar i wegdud aqa ttamasiḥ d lɛafarit wer day-ttejjin, amen wer yessin ḥedd min ɛnan ttamasiḥ-nni d lɛafarit.
Lḥasul Maysa, tɛan-as mliḥ… wer tejji min wer das-tenni.. ɣer uneggaru tenna-s: ruḥ s sebɛ melyun-nni i dac-yewca ujellid, agg°ej-aneɣ ewc i BuraBura niɣ i Lmaldif, ḥadar a zeg-k nehna!…
Maca aseqsi i dd-ittemrusan, min ɣa yegg Benkiran? Ma a tt-yesseɣley, ad yewwet ṭṭemm? Niɣ ɛad afilm ad yeqqim ixeddem, a nẓer ca n isinaryuten nneɣni?…


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Brahim Izri, ilul di taddart n At Leḥsen, deg lɛeṛc n At Yenni, agezdu n Tizi Wezzu, deg ass n 12 yennayer, aseggas n 1954. Asmi yewweḍ 07 n iseggasen deg tudert-is, yevda yetturar s snitra. D win ilemden aẓawan di zzawiya n jeddi-s Lḥaǧ Belqasem.
Avrid n ccna
Asmi yekcem ɣer tesnawit n Larevɛa n At Yiraten, yezga yeddukkul netta d Ɛaziz Berahma akked Nayt Ɛebdeleaziz, dɣa din i d-snulfan agraw n ccna, iwemi fkan isem « IGUDAR ».
Di tallit-nni aṭas n yigrawen n ccna tamḥaddit i yellan, zgan d amennuɣ ɣef tnekkit d yidles Amaziɣ, gar-asen : Isulas, Imaziɣen Imula, Les Abranis, Inaṣliyen, d wiyaḍ.
Brahim Izri d win i yefkan afus n tallelt i waṭas n yicennayen n teqvaylit, yella d afus ayeffus n Yidir, send ad ikemmel ccna i yiman-is.
Deg yiseggasen n 70, mmi-s n At Leḥsen yewwi avrid ɣer yinig, d tuffɣa-ines tamenzut ɣer tmurt n Fransa, anda ggten yiminigen Iqvayliyen. Dinna tettunefk-as tegnit yemlal d waṭas n yicennayen. Yezga yekkat snitra i Yidir, Lewnis At Mengellat akked Feṛḥat Imaziɣen Imula.
Syinn akkin yuɣal ula d netta icennu, ur yeqqim ara kan d amẓawan, yerna yesselmed timsirin n uẓawan. Akken-nni almi d aseggas n 1980, yekcem s astudyu yevda asekles.
Tasfift-is tamenzut teffeɣ-d deg 1981. Seg yimir-nni ur yeḥvis ccna. Iteddu sya ɣer da, yecna d waṭas n yinaẓuren, yexdem aṭas n yivarazen{concerts}. Deg useggas n 1999 Brahim yecna akked Yidir d Maxime Le Forestier, tizlit-nni « Tizi Wezzu ».
Deg tefsut taverkant
Deg tefsut taverkant n tmurt Taqvaylit (seg yevrir 2001), Brahim Izri yunef i ccna, yewwi avrid n umennuɣ asertan, yefren annar, am netta am tugget n Iqvayliyen. Yemmuɣnes deg umussu aɣerman n Leɛṛac. Yerna d win yefkan akud-is d tezmert-is i tallelt n yilmeẓyen i d-yeffɣen mgal tusḍa n udavu azzayri.
Tamettant-ines
Brahim Izri testeqsa-d ɣur-s lmut deg ass n 03 yennayer 2005, ɣef tudert n 51 d aseggas, yemmut deg sbiṭaṛ n « Hôtel Dieu » di Lpari. Ssebba n lmut-is d yiwen n waṭṭan n diri i t-yeṭṭfen deg useggas n 2002. Yezga yeqqaz deg-s irennu, almi yegla yis-s.
Tisfifin i d-yessuffeɣ :
- 1981 : Sacrifice pour un enfant ;
- 1983 : L’Enfant de la terre ;
- 1984 : D acu-iyi ;
- 1986 : Ala, ala ;
- 1988 : D ifrax i nella ;
- 1995 : A lbudala.
Send ad yemmet, Brahim yekfa asekles n tesfift-ines taneggarut, yeǧǧa-tt-id d agerruj i Yiqvayliyen d Teqvayliyin, d acu kan mazal-itt ar ass-a ur d-teffiɣ ara, tettraǧu ass-is.


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Asberyun
Asberyun neɣ Aberyun (Assaɣ ussnan: Lacerta viridis), (yettwassen daɣen s: Amulab maca awal-a yekka-d seg Teɛrabt سحلية المولاب) d Talmest n izermummuyen yeṭṭafaren tafesna n tmeskebrin deg wesmil n temraradin.
Timellalin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tawtemt n usberyun tessrusay gar n 8 ar 16 n tmellalit, Teggar-itent s ddaw n wakal.
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tafekka n tewtemt tettili gar n 32 ar 36 cm, S wakka ad tugar awtem iy meẓẓeyen fell-as.
Idgan n tudert[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Asberyun yettidir deg Turuft d ugafa n Tefriqt anda yettili unezwu imnummsen.


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Ameccaq
Ameccaq neɣ Astum gar n sin n wagazen d teɣzi n uzerrig amaɣad gar n sin n wagazen-a. Tikwal tettili-d tenfalit ɣef umeccaq s yirem n wakud issefken i wakken ad tiddel s tikli neɣ s temseddut (aɣanib-a yeṭṭafar isemrasen iyalassen. maca mači ussniwen, acku ur yelli ara d ufrin). Dɣa tafat tettwasled deg wanecta acku tazzla-ines d timbeddit (s unect n tiẓri tamassaɣt) ɣef wanecta i ttwasidnen imeccaqen isnallunen s ifawatayen (ameccaq i tetteddu tafat deg useggas) s talɣa tussnant.
Ameccaq yettwasnes deg ufaris (Tallunt × Tallunt) ar wuṭṭunen imdettiyen ilawen, ayen yennumken asnas yeqqnen yal sin n wagazen deg tallunt s wuṭṭun imdetti ilaw. Asnas-a ittfaras-d timentilin-a:
- (arawas)
- (abeṭṭay)
- (Tanmeglit takeṛdisant)


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Timseksumin
Timseksumin (Assaɣ ussnan: Carnivora) d yiwet n tfesna n temsuṭaṭ ilan (yesɛan) azal n 260 n telmas n tuthiryin, Azgen ameqran n temseksumin tettent aksum kan, lant (sɛant) uglan d ikacbaren d wallen i d-tittallen i wakken ad tesnirem tigemrawin.
Timseksumin mehzent send n 42 n imelyan n iseggasen deg umenẓaw n Tamrikt anda i tebṭa ɣef twacult n Miacidae ɣer snat n talɣiwin tigejdanin igan d taydilɣiwin d tiserɣudelɣiwin.
TinnagrawtẒreg
Asesmel amzik (aqbur) yebṭa tafesna n temseksumin ar snat n tdu-tfesniwin.