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Ibedd uselmad n Tmaziɣt Muḥemmed Ṭiyyebi x ijjen udlis n tenfas, yexḍar-as i yisem « Tinfas n Ḥenna ». Lxedmet-a i d-yusin d aswizi jar-as-d d imeḥḍaren-nnes, mani i yefsar tnayen n tenfas smunent-tent-id tnayen n tmeḥḍarin-nnes umi qqaren Fadwa Cahid d Nawal Lyamani.
Adlis-a amek yenna uselmad Ṭiyyebi i lerifain, belli yus-d ḥuma ad « ad yili […] d ijjen useggur i iselmaden ḥuma ad zzag-s swurin di twuri-nnsen deg uselmed n Tmaziɣt, s uya wer nzemmer a neḍfar ḥa min d-ittemrusan deg idlisen waha, ulabudd ad nsecrek imeḥḍaren, ad nescrek min d-jjint tḥennatin, axmi netteqqen jar wayyawen d lejdud. »
Lxedmet-a iɛdel-as weɣlaf Ɛebdelwaḥed Ṭiyyebi, mamec i ɣa yili udlis yujed deg umeggraru zeg wayyur n yunyu, amek yenna Ṭiyyebi i lerifain.fr
Deg ijjen wemsawaḍ d aquḍaḍ i yerẓem lerifain aked Muḥemmed Ṭiyyebi, nesseqsa-t x mamec i d-yusa uxarres-a ɣer lbal maḥend ad d-issufeɣ adlis n tsekla n iḥenjiren, mani i daneɣ-inna ila « wenni [adlis zeɛma] d ijjen usenflul, ittwaḥsab zi tsekla n iḥenjiren, xarrseɣ dag-s wami ufiɣ imeḥḍaren-inu ɣer-sen ɣana ad fafan, niɣ xminni i dasen-jebbdeɣ tinfas n zic i ttuɣa ttɛawadent tḥennatin-nnsen, ttafeɣ itteɛjib-asen. Ttafeɣ belli iḥenjiren tterran taynit i manawya, ca yeɛqel, ca ittxes ad d-yawi tiḥuja. Uca yus-d a nessidef manawyenni i neqqar deg udlis, a zzag-s d-nsaqar ca n ḥajet bla ma a neffeɣ xmi i qqaren di Tmaziɣt, ad d-nsaqar ijjen usenfar, mani imeḥḍaren a ɣer-sen yili ufus deg usenflul-nni. Ammu i d-yusa uxarres. »
Ṭiyybei ixdem aked imeḥḍaren i yessɣara di jjihet n Gersif, deg ijjen uraqq ittwaḥsaben x teqbilt n Ayt Warayen, iwekked belli igga tizemmar aked imeḥḍaren maḥend ad yerwen agla-ya aseklan, mani daneɣ-inna « wciɣ-asen cwayt n lweqt [i imeḥḍaren-nnes zeɛma] weyyen-ayi-d ca n tenfas, yuqeɛ wexḍar dag-sent, tinfas-nni n temnaḍt n Ugersif, jjihet n Ayt Warayen, nixḍar tinni min ɣa yella timsarin-nnsent mquddant, nixḍar tnayen ijjten n tnelmadt Fedwa Cahid, tenneɣnit n Nawal Lyamani. »
Waxxa din ijjen wemsebḍi deg umawal, jar tqebbal n Arrif d Ayt Warayen, maca xelli amenni aya wer t-ttuɣi bu d aɛenkrif zzat i lxedmet-a izdigen, mani ismun tnayen n tenfas, ttirarent x Wuccen d tɣaḍt d Qermuc d Tergu, iqqar x Ṭiyyebi x lxedmet-a « tamnaḍt i di xeddmeɣ d tamnaḍt n Gersif, ittwaḥsaben di teqbilt n Ayt Warayen, mani nettaf ijjen umawal yemsebḍa cwayt, maca ttɣimant tinfas kifkif, ameknaw tergu, qqaren-tt nitni i temẓa, Qermuc, nzemmer a nini d Ḥemmu Leḥraymi. Tanfust tamezwarut teḍḍura Qermuc d tergu, tanfust tis snat tettirar x wuccen d tɣaṭ, urin-d nitni, tinfas-a akid-sent cwayt n tezgal, nemsiwza jar-aneɣ neqqim nxeddem x-asent, ar mani i d-nsaqar ayenni n tnayen n tenfas mquddant, cnint, wciɣ-asen awal ad tent-neḍbeɛ, ad ilin ismawen n imeccurka d uwardi i tinmel-nni. »
Aselmad Muḥemmed Ṭiyyebi, netta zi artistat n Arrif iḥudriyen, ila irsem aṭṭas n telwiḥin n imariten d izlawiyen n Arrif i d-issufɣen idelisen-nnsen.


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D neccin nrezzu deg warcif n ijurnalen n Tmaziɣt iqdimen (Amaḍal Amaziɣ), newḍa deg ijjen wemsawal s lhimmet-nnes d ameqqran. Mani ttemsagaren tnayen n yiwdan i yebdan ungal s Trifiyt, nessawal da x Muḥemmed Caca, argaz amezwaru i yura ungal s Tmaziɣt n Arrif d Samira yelli-s idurar n Arrif; Tamɣart tamezwarut i yuran ungal ar yiḍ-a di Arrif. Amsawal-a ttwafsar di nnumru amenzu n "Amaḍal Amaziɣ" deg useggas n 2001.
Cenna malla tegga aked bnadem awal, akud i kid-s ggiɣ dag-s i tiweḍ aked uma-s. Awal akid-s x Tmaziɣt d yiles-nnes wer iqeṭṭi, wer ɣer-s asenti ula d ameggaru. Lexmi tessawal x wungal i tura, i d ɣa-yeffɣen deg wussan i d-igguren (iffeɣ-d di 2001 s tidett), wer cek-ittejji a zzay-s teffɣed.
1. Mayen cem-issiwḍen ad tarid ungal-a?
Wer ufiɣ bu ca n ḥajet nniḍen day-i ɣa-yejjen ad iniɣ mayen xseɣ ad ssiwḍeɣ. Rezzuɣ ad ariɣ x umezruy-inu, manaya wer t-ittfekki ḥa ungal, izli wer iqeṭṭi ca.
2. Mayen xef ittenneḍ wungal-a?
Yeqqseḥ bac ad ac-iniɣ, maci ɣar d icten, maca ad ggeɣ tizemmar bac ac-sfehmeɣ cwayt alami wer ɣer-neɣ bu wakud i zi dac-ɣa-ɛawdeɣ ungal amen yekmel. Ungal ittenneḍ xef ijjen tḥenjirt d tamarirt tlul deg ijjen tmurt zi tmura n midden, ɛemmers tammurt-nnes wer tt-teẓri, nettat d icten temɣart qqaren-as Hniya.
3. Mayen xef tettari?
Tettari xef yimxumbal n yiwdan, tesgenfa iyezzumen-nnsen, maca aked wakud tufa ixef-nnes tettagg°ej bezzaf x baba-s d tmurt-nnes, netta yettraja zzag-s aṭṭas n leḥwayej.
4. I mayen tt-yejjin ttuɣa wer tẓerr bu tmurt-nnes?
Ttuɣa ittawi-as-d Rebbi ila nettat zi tmurt-nni mani tlul, ma tammurt n baba-s wer ɣer-s akid-s walu.
5. I lexdenni lwalidin-nnes ttuɣa wer dag-s qqiren qaɛ ca?
Yemma-s wer tt-tessin qqaɛ, baba-s yuḥel mamec akid-s yegga, al ami yeqqḍeɛ layas, yebda ittegg tizemmar beɛda ad as-issidef amezruy n tmurt-nnes deg uzellif, xenni yiweḍ ɣer manaya.
6. Alaḥsab awal-nnem, tettban-d ila tarrgg°eḥ-d ɣer tmurt-nnes, malla wa d awal, mamec das-temsar al ami i d-tusa?
D baba-s, maca al ami yemmut, tessarrgg°eḥ-it-id nettat ḥima ad t-tenta. Minzi ttuɣa lebda ittweṣṣa-tt mala yemmut a t-temḍel di tmurt mani i ilul.
7. Mamec tufa tammurt d lejdud-nnes?
Tufa min wer das-ittɣil a taf. Ttuɣa tettraja ad taca d tamennɛruqt. Ass ameggaru tettebheḍ al ami tufa ixef-nnes jar iɣallen n tmurt-nnes. Teṭṭef-it tigg°edi ad as-terẓem. Ma lejdud ula d baba-s, wer yessin yemma-s, wer ɣer-s ḥedd.
8. Xef mayen xef i das-ittɛawad baba-s?
Ttuɣa ittɛawad-as xef ijjen temɣart wer telli ca am merra timɣarin. Tamɣart-a weḥḥed-s umi tɣennej tmurt aɣennij, ijjen uɣennij wer das-ifehhem ḥa wenni umi tudef tmurt d tmagit deg yixsan, wer tzemmred ad tt-tebḍid ijjen x wenneḍni.
9. I nettat tfehm-as?
Wer das-tefhim ca, minzi wer tiwiḍ ɣer lmustawa i tt ɣa yejjen ad as-tefhem.
10. Waxxa tettari wer das-tefhim?
Maci teqqim-it-id di tira. Teqqim-it-id di ca nniḍen, iyya ad igg bnadem tizemmar bac a x-as issiwel, a tt-isbeyyen, yettɣima yeqqseḥ bac a tt-issefhem, reḥwayej n buḥbel n yiman, s nnej i tzemmar n bnadem.
11. I mayen teɛna temɣart-a?
Tamɣart umi qqaren Hniya, teffeɣ-d d yemma-s n baba-s n tḥenjirt-nni umi qqaren Tamaziɣt.
12. Tenfeɛ ca tayyawt-nnes beɛda niɣ lla.
Tewc-as ijjen tcemmust dag-s tlata n tmeslayin, mkul icten ɣer-s lmeɛna-nnes, mayen ixes ad yini. Ixelxalen xsen ad inin addad anamun. Uzzal ixes ad yini amenɣi jar Imaziɣen d uḥewwas. Tiɣmas xsent ad inint laẓ.
13. Mayen ɣa tewweḍ Tamaziɣt?
Wer tt-tettfekki ḥa tmurt n bnadem mani i yilul, ma timura n midden wer ddumminet.
14. Mayen teɛna teslit n weẓru?
D ijjen umit (myth), tuɣa truḥ taslit ɣer ijjen ddcar qqaren-as ifri, deg webrid xeḍfen-tt laryaḥ, mexsen-tt tedwel d aẓru.

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Timsennent
Timsennent neɣ Timerqemt (Assaɣ usnan: Carduelis carduelis) d talmest meẓẓiyen n yigṭaṭ yeṭṭafaren twacult n tbenferriwin, Yettidir seg Uruppa n umalu ar Sibirya u seg Tafriqt n ugafa ar Asya talemmast yerna yettusekcem ar waṭas n yidgan deg tegnit am Ustralya d tmura n Temrikt n Wenẓul, Tettusismel deg Tiddukla tagreɣlant i taggaẓt n tgama d akken-it d talmest ur tettwaggez.
Assaɣ deg tmazrɣin niḍen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Učči[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg wučči-ynes tegguni ɣef yifsan n yimɣan imegziyen am yifsan n ubsis d isennanen d kra n igumma
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Addud n Timsennent d win igan gar n 12 ar 13 cm, Afriwen-is mara ldin ttilin gar n 21 ar 25 cm, azuk-is gar n 14 ar 19 g, Timsennent d aylan iẓlin (icebḥen) s waṭas, udem-is d azeggaɣ s uqerru d aberkan. S sin n wafriwen d iberkanen yal yiwen dges azawag d awraɣ
Taɣect d ccna[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tamezduɣt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Timsennent tettidir deg yiger, anda llan yimɣan yerxan am ucikaw d ubsis, Tra (Tḥemmel) daɣen ifergen n urtiyen d yiran n iberdan d tregwa n waman.
agdef-is yetteg ɣef tseṭwa yerxan, tama n yimɣan yessefruruyen absis.
Tikli[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Timsennenin ttidiren-t eg tegrawin, ttafgent akken, ttrusunt akken. Anda yella ubsis dlant fell-as. D tifregtin daɣen i ttinigent, seg temnaṭ ɣer tayeṭṭ. Ttɣimint akked alama d tafsut. Imir ad bṭunt d tiyuga. Yal awtem d tewtemt ad ddukklen deg sin akken ad sefrurxen. D tawtemt i ibennun agdef. Ma awtem izegg-as-d kan i lmendad, yettarra amihi fell-as. Melmi i frurxent tmellalin i sin yid-sen seččayen ifrax-nsen.
Asefrurex[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Seg tazwara n unebdu tawtemt tbennu igedfen ɣef useklu. Tetteg-itt d tameẓẓyant. Teggar-itt s wadal n waman d yimɣan, usu-ynes d afraw neɣ d taduṭṭ n wulli.
Tessrusay gar n 4 ar 5 n timellalin tzeddel fellasen-t gar n 12 ar 14 n wussan. Ad teqqim akken alama tfukk tallit nni. Kra tekka dinna. Deg tallit nni d awtem id yettawin učči .
Tiski[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Llant temreqmin timezgiyin, llant tminigin. Ttidirent gar Tefriqt n Ugafa akked Turuft.
Aggaz d usmun
Timreqmin, teddunt ad negrent. Zik-nni ggtent deg laxla; ass-a, jlant gar wallen. Tteggiden-tent medden; ggaren-tent deg laqfus i ccbaḥa. Deg ssuq n yefrax, d timreqemt akk i yeɣlayen gar yifrax. Rnu daɣen, anekcum n wakal iburen i yettuɣalen d timizart n tfellaḥt neɣ d adda i usali n tudrin d yiɣerman swaɣayen tudert n tmerqemt.
Ass-a, ccetla tettwaḥrez, tanduyt tettwagdel. Maca, iseggaden ttkemmilen ahdum-nsen, ɣas barra i usaḍuf i ggaren aḍar. Ar melmi ?
Taɣbalut[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Adlis n tmaziɣt n useggas wis 3 n ulmud alemmas n tmurt n Lezzayer (sb 66-67)


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Iwankn Munnin n Marikan
- Iɣ ur igi wad amgrad lli tsiggilt, kcm s tasna n Mirikan bac ad tẓrt akkʷ imgradn nna dar illa yism zun d wad !
Iwankn Munnin nɣ s yism nns iɣzzifn Iwankn Munnin n Marikan, illa daɣ ma d as ittinin ɣar Marikan (s tanglizt : United States, United States of America, US, USA, America) tga yat tmazirt bahra istawhman ɣ umaḍal. Tlla tmazirt ad ɣ tamrikt n ugafa.
Tga tamazirt tazgrmnẓawt, amata n ikaln nns llan ɣ tmrikt n ugafa. Iwunak imunn dars tuskiwt tawsrtit n yat tgduda tawmnḍawt tafidiralt mm ungraw awslway yulɣn s smmumraw n iwunak, kumraw d tam gisn gan inaragn. Imggura ad, issuty asn ugaraw anaṭlas ɣ ugmuḍ d ugaraw imzgi ɣ utaram, tlla as d Kanada ɣ ugafa tili as miksiku ɣ unẓul. Iwunak nna nn illan iwr inn d Alaska illan ɣ utaram n Kanada, d haway yan warkabil d yusan ammas n ugaraw imzgi n ugafa. Tumy tmazirt ad altu ikaliwn igan tigzirin illuzzan ɣ yill n Karayib d ugaraw imzgi. Tarakalt d unzwi n tmazirt ad mawayn kigan, aynna d yuwyn yan umzaray imqqurn n imɣayn d imudar, aynna iskrn ɣ iwuak imunn yat zɣ 17 n tmizar wala imnawayn n umtiwg.
Iwankn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- Kalifurnya
- Karulina n Ugafa
- Karulina n Wenẓul
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Dakota n Ugafa
- Dakota n Wenẓul
- Delaware
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Miksik Amaynut
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New York (Awanak)
- Ohio
- Oregon
- Oklahoma
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Virgnia Tutrimt
- Washington
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming


text:
Nebɣa ad yili d asenfaṛ yeldin i medden meṛṛa :
- Zemren akk medden ad rnun ikuṛpusen-nsen (iḍṛisen, tifyar, inzan..) ar ɣuṛ-s.
- Zemren akk medden ad t-sxedmen deg inadiyen-nsen (anadi n wawalen, anadi n tefyar, asuqel ar/seg tutlayin tibeṛṛaniyin…)
Nuḥwaǧ-iken meṛṛa a wid yettarun taqbaylit
Nebɣa ad d-nger tiɣṛi i wid akk yettarun taqbaylit ad aɣ-d-ceyyɛen iḍṛisen-nsen s wayes ara ɛawnen talalit d usenfaṛ « CorpusKab » ara d-igemren iḍṛisen n teqbaylit. Iḍṛisen-a ad ilin d allalen s ara nessekcem taqbaylit deg umaḍal umḍin akked Internet
CorpusKab d asenfaṛ ara d-ijemeen ikurpusen n tutlayt taqbaylit
Asenfaṛ n CorpusKab ad yili d win yeldin i medden meṛṛa. Zemren akk medden ad t-sqedcen ama i yinadiyen-nsen ama i wallalen imaynuten n Internet.
Iwacu-ten ikurpusen
Deg tallit deg i nettidir, nxeddem aṭas n tɣawsiwin s uselkim : tira, anadi, aqeṣṣeṛ d yemdukla..atg. Ikuṛpusen i nebɣa ad nexdem ad ilin i unadi deg uḥric n tutlayt taqbaylit: anadi n wawalen, anadi n tefyar, asbeddi n isegzawalen, asuɣel ar/seg tutlayin tibeṛṛaniyin…
Iḍrisen
Nessuter deg yal yiwet/yiwet i yettarun s tutlayt taqbaylit ad aɣ-d-yazen iḍrisen-ines ara nesseqdec i wallalen imaynuten n Internet i wakken ad ilin d ttawilt n unadi i medden meṛṛa


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Ta teḍra di tmurt n Libya. Srabes n laman di tmurt n libya, wwin sin n watmaten Maziɣ akked Madɣis Buzaxar yer lḥebs.
D isallen i d-wwint snat n tdukliwin Tmazɣa akked Affa deg imalas yezrin. Mbeɛed sin n wussan ɣef uḥbas n imaɣnasen, uɣalend- srebbes n laman ɣer wexxam n imeɣnasen wwin akk idlisen-nnsen.
Deg wulɣu i d-sufɣent tdukliwen; sutren deg imḍebren teɛna temsalt ad asen-d-serḥen. Am akken daɣen i d-gren tiɣri i ymaɣnasen n tmaziɣt n umaḍal merra i wakken ad afen tifrat i temsalt-agi.
Crif W.


text:
ḥsebVB [ḥseb]
compter, dénombrer; escompter; prendre pour; considérer, estimer
Flexions ḥsebyeḥseb tteḥsab tḥesbemt yetteḥsab yeḥsib tetteḥsabemt teḥsibemt ḥessbet tḥesseb ḥesbeɣ ḥessbent neḥseb tteḥsabeɣ ḥsibeɣ netteḥsab neḥsib yetteḥsaben iḥesben tḥessbeḍ ḥesbet tḥessbemt iḥseb tteḥsabet ḥesben itteḥsab iḥsib tteḥsaben ḥsiben ḥessbemt nḥesseb tḥesbeḍ iḥessben tḥesbem tetteḥsabeḍ teḥsibeḍ tetteḥsabem teḥsibem itteḥsaben ḥesseb iḥesseb ḥesbemt ḥessben teḥseb tteḥsabemt ḥesbent tetteḥsab teḥsib tteḥsabent ḥsibent ḥessbeɣ ḥseb tḥessbem
Sources ḥseb
- BOUAMARA Kamel, Issin : Asegzawal n teqbaylit s teqbaylit, Editions l'Odyssée, Tizi-Ouzou, 2010
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982
Phrases avec le mot ḥseb
Ḥesbeɣ ugar n tlatin n tgejda, tilemmasin kan .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]


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Yennayer d aggur amenzu n useggas n Imaziɣen, d ansay yellan deg waṭas n tmura anda ttidiren Imaziɣen deg ukuz n tɣemmar n ddunit. 950 n iseggasen send talalit n Sidna Ɛisa, Cacnaq, agellid Amaziɣ, ad yesbedd tagelda-ines tis 22 di tmurt n Maṣer, aseggas-nni ideg i yerbeḥ ugellid-agi amaziɣ ṭṭrad-ines gar-as d Iferɛunen. Azal 235 n iseggasen d Imaziɣen i yesselḥuyen Tamurt n Maṣer. Seg yimir-nni i bdan Imaziɣen ḥessben ussan, yebda uwitay n Imaziɣen. Ad naf yennayer yebḍa ɣef sin yeḥricen, amenzu n yennayer : i umi neqqar daɣen tawwurt n useggas akked Lɛezla n yennayer, d ass wis 15.
Mazal ar ass-a imaziɣen sfuggulen yennayer. Yal tawacult tettmagar-it s imensi n bu sebɛa isufar, n useqqi aquran : irden, tajilbant taqurant, lubyan bu timmi (lubyan n leqbayel), talubyant tamellalt, ibawen, lḥemmeẓ, leɛdes. Timezla n iyuzaḍ, maca ilaq ayaziḍ ad yili d win n tmurt, d bab-is ara t-id-yessekren deg wexxam-is, ad t-yefk d asfel. At zik akka ! Ad naf yal axxam yettheggi imensi n yennayer. Ass-nni ɛerḍen-d tiwelliyin-nsen akken ad ččent deg yimensi-nni, d azamul n yiseɣ akked tegmat. Iɛeggalen n wexxam, mi ara qqimen ad ččen imensi. Amɣar n wexxam akked wergaz ad ččen tidmarin, acku d netta i ixeddmen ɣef wexxam. Arrac tetten timeṣṣaḍin akken ad imɣuren ad grurzen. Tullas tettent tafriwin, acku yiwwas ad srifgent seg wexxam, ad zewǧent. Tamɣart akked tmeṭṭut tettent ayen d-yeqqimen deg uyaziḍ-nni, ttsummun-t iɣsan.
Tulawin, sewwayent daɣen tiɣrifin, tiḥbulin (lesfenǧ), skarayent aɣembabu n ucayaḍ deg tenwalt, qqarent : « Acayaḍ i tekkes acelyaḍ ». Daɣen ttkeḥḥilent i timmi-nsent d wallen-nsent s imeṭṭi n uzzu, ssirident leḥwal n wexxam, tezzint-d i wexxam s tseḍwa n yilili (taseṭṭa n yilili agellid), ttezraqent tisgiwin n wexxam. Tekksent inyen n lkanun n useggas yezrin, ttɛawadent imaynuten. Ilmeẓyen tteffɣen ɣer izenqan, s ignan n taddart, tturaren.
Urar yettwasnen s waṭaṣ, d « amɣar n uceqquf », yella wanda nniḍen qqaren-as «Buɛfif » di kra n temnaḍin nniḍen qqaren-as : « Ayrad », d kra akken n yiselsa akked tgelmusin (masques) i d-xeddmen s teqrucin swayes ssenduyen ayefki. Yal ilemẓi ad yerr tagelmust i uqadum-is ad teddun ad cennun, ad sṭebṭuben ɣef tewwura n yixxamen n taddart, yal tameṭṭut ad ten-id-temmager s taḍsa, a sen-d-tefk taɣawsa tebɣa, ta d idrimen, ta d timellalin, ta d aɣrum, …
Di lɛezla n yennayer, deg wass wis 15, tettili-d ttesḍila i igerdan. Igerdan ur newwiḍ ara aseggas asen-kksen kan ciṭuḥ i temzurt-is. Itekkes-as-tt umeqqran n wexxam, qqaren-d akken ad yiɣzif leɛmer-ines. Igerdan iɛeddan aseggas ttseṭṭilen-asen akk acebbub-nsen (acekkuḥ). Imekrazen (ifellaḥen) si tama-nsen tezzin-d i yigran-nsen s ujeǧǧig n yilili.


text:
Takurdit
Takurdit d isem ay ssexdamen i snat n tutlayin yettemcabin mliḥ, ttmeslayen-tent wazal n 13 n yimelyunen n yemdanen di tama-nni n Asya umi qqaren Kurdistan. Tamenzut d tutlayt takurmanjit (neɣ takurdit n ugafa), ma d tis snat d tutlayt tasuranit (neɣ takurdit n wenẓul), ay ttmeslayen wazal n 2.800.000 n yemdaben du Lɛiraq akk d 3.000.000 n yemdanen di Iran.
Takurmanjit, tin ay ttmeslayen waṭas n medden, ad tt-naf dɣa s waṭas di ¨Tturk, anda ay llan 4 n yimelyunen n medden ay tt-yettmeslayen, deg ugafa n Lɛiraq, di Surya tt-ttmeslayen 500.000 n medden, di Arminya (100.000 n yemsiwlen) akk d di Iran (100.000). Llan diɣ wid yettmeslayen takurdit takurmanjit di Jurjya akk d Azerbijan, maca ur neẓri ara acḥal, am wakken ay llant diɣ trebbaɛ timecṭaḥ n Yikurdiyen ay izedɣen di tmura tiberr'aniyen (azal n 70.000 s ujemmal), ladɣa di Lubnan akk d Turuft, deg Yiwunak Yedduklen (USA) akk d Kanada.
Wid yettmeslayen takurdit tasuranit wwḍen ɣer 6 n yimelyunen s ujemmal, ma d wid yettmeslayen takurdit takurmanjit wwḍen ɣer wazal n 7 n yimelyunen, xas ma yella llan kra ay d-yeqqaren d akken wwḍen alammi d 20 n yimelyunen. Yuɣ lḥal, maci merr'a Ikurdiyen yellan ass-a d wid ay yessnen ad mmeslayen tutlayt-nsen imi tamsertit (assimilation) tessaweḍ aṭas seg-sen ad ǧǧen takurdit, yernu llan ula d imdanen yettmeslayen tutlayin nniḍen, am tguranit neɣ tadimlit (d tutlayin tihendurufiyin ay yettemcabin wagar-asent, maca mgerradent ɣef tkurdit), yernu ḥesben iman-nsen d Ikurdiyen, d aya ay yettaran tikwal leḥsabat weɛren.
Tawacult-is[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Takurdit d tutlayt tahendurufit,tettekka deg ufurk n tutlayin tiraniyin , yernu yiwet si ger n tutlayin ay tt-icuban s waṭas d tafarsit ay yellan d tutlayt taɣelnawt n Iran, akk d tabalucit, tutlayt n Balucistan.
Tantalyin-is[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tutlayt takurdit tettemxallaf ɣef leḥsab n tmiwa i deg tt-ttmeslayen. Imesnilsiyen (linguistes) ttwalin, s umata, d akken tasuranit akk d takurmanjit d tutlayin, yal yiwet i yiman-is, dɣa di lweqt i deg ttemcabint mliḥ deg umawal, sɛnt aṭas n wemgerrad (lxilaf) di tajerrumt-nsent, yernu tikwal, yewɛer' ɣef wid ay tent-yettmeslayen ad msefhamen wagar-asen. Ma d wiyaḍ, ttwalin-tent d snat kan n tantalyin n yiwet n tutlayt. Am tsuranit, am tkurmanjit, di snat yid-sent sɛant tiduntalyin (sous-dialectes) ay ttmeslayen di tmiwa-nsent. Tantala n temdint n Sulaimaniya, di Lɛiraq tuɣal d tutlayt tizeɣt (standard) n tsekla n Yikurdiyen n tmurt-a, di lweqt i deg di Iran, d tantala takurdit n Mukri (d yiwet si tentalyin n tsuranit) ay yuɣalen d tutlayt n tsekla, yernu maci aṭas ay temxallaf ɣef tin n Sulaimaniya. Si tama nniḍen, ula di lɣerba atni Yikurdiyen a d-sbeddayen tutlayt tizeɣt tamaynut, ladɣa s leqdic-nsen di rradyu.
Tira-s[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Di lweqt i deg Ikurdiyen n Lɛiraq, Iran akk d Surya sseqdacen agemmay aɛrab ay yettubeddlen akken ad arun tutlayt-nsen, Ikurdiyen n Tturk d agemmay alatini ay sseqdacen. Di Arminya akk d tegdudyin yellan zik s ddaw n udabu asuvyati, d agemmay asirili (arusi) ay sseqdacen Yikurdiyen, ma yella zik-nni, uqbel n 1946, Ikurdiyen n tmiwa-ya llan sseqdacen agemmay alatini, ay d-mazal ar ass-a sseqdacen-t kra.
Amkan n tkurdit di tmetti[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Di Iran[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
90% seg Yikurdiyen ttidiren di tudrin, ma d wiyaḍ d imeksawen iteddun seg wemkan ɣer wayeḍ. Mbeɛd ma sɛeddan acḥal n yiseggasen s ddaw n lbaṭel n udabu irani, ssawḍen Yikurdiyen ad d-sbedden tasekla yuran s tutlayt-nsen di tmurt-a, yernu si 1984, tenqes mliḥ ccedda ɣef tkurdit di Iran imi ay izemren Yikurdiyen ad ɣren tutlayt-nsen di tmiwa-nsen, di tmurt-a. Aṭas n tsufaɣ (publications) ay d-yeffɣen seg yimir-n, yernu Ikurdiyen n Iran sɛan ula d tisgilin n rradyu yettmeslayen s tutlayt-nsen di tmurt-a.
Di Lɛiraq[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
seg useggas n 1919 ay tesɛa tutlayt takurdit aẓayer amens'ab (statut officiel) n tutlayt taẓiyant (langue régionale), yernu d nettat ay d tutlayt n usselmed deg yiɣerbazen n udabu di Kurdistan aɛiraqi. Ihi Lɛiraq ad tili tesɛa lxers'um yiwen n weɣmis s tutlayt takurdit akk d yiwen n wexxam n teẓrigin (éditions) ay d-yessuffuɣen idlisen s tutlayt-a. D tantala takurdit n Sulaimaniya ay rran Yikurdiyen n Lɛiraq d tutlayt-nsen n tsekla, yernu ɛerḍen ad tezzizedgen seg wawalen-nni n taɛrabt ay yeṭṭuqqten deg-s.
Di Tturk[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
di 1938 ay tettwagdel tkurdit yernu s kra n win ara tt-yemmeslayen di berr'a yezmer ad ixelles' tafgurt (amende). Di tallit-a taberkant ay sɛeddan Yikurdiyen, tutlayt-nsen tesr'uḥ aṭas seg wennar-is, aṭas n Yikurdiyen ay yuɣalen d isnutlayen (bilingues), yernu ciṭṭaḥ kan maḍi seg-sen ay ilemden ad ɣren u ad arun tutlayt-nsen. Di 1961, asmi ay d-tesbedd Tturk tamenḍawt (constitution) tamaynut, bdant a d-teffɣent tsufaɣ (publications) tikurdiyin, tikwal s snat n tutlayin, maca aṭas deg-sent ay yettwagedlen akken kan d-ffɣent. Yernu si 1967 alammi d taggara n yiseggasen n 1980, adabu aturki ikemmel kan yettzeggid di ccedda ɣef tkurdit yernu yesbedd-d aṭas n yisuḍaf (leqwanin) i yes ara sen-yerr takmamt i Yikurdiyen, ur ttmeslayen, ur ttarun tutlayt-nsen. D acu kan, di 1991, yekkes unabaḍ aturki agdal-nni-yines ɣef tkurdit, yernu xas ur d-qqimen ara aṭas n Yikurdiyen ay yettmeslayen takurdit di Tturk , maca ttwalin d akken tutlayt-nsen d aḥric yesɛan azal meqqren di tnettit-nsen.
Ma Ikurdiyen n Arminya, aṭas n leqdicat ay d-uran s tkurdit takurmanjit di tallit tasuvyatit.
Agdud-is[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Llan deg wemḍal wazal n 25 n yimelyunen n Yikurdiyen. Ger n 40 akk d 50% seg-sen ttidiren di Tturk, 25% seg-sen ttidiren di Iran, 20 % di Lɛiraq, llan diɣ di Surya, di tmura n wenẓul n Quqaz akk d Lubnan. Tuget tameqqrant deg Yikurdiyen d inselmen isunniyen, d acu kan, llan gar-asen diɣ kra n yiciɛiyen, n yiyazidiyen akk d yimasiḥiyen. Si lqern wis 10 d asawen, bdan Yikurdiyen a d-sbeddayan tigeldiyin (royaumes) tinselmin tisunniyin, gar-asent tageldit tayyubit (ayyubides) ay d-yesbedd Salaḥ Ddin (Saladin), d tin yennuɣen mgal n Yenmudag (Croisés) ger n tgara n lqern wis 12 d lqern wis 13. Di 1920, weɛdent tmura tutrimin (tiɣerbiyin) Ikurdiyen, s wemtawa (traité) n Sèvres d akken ad ten-ɛiwnent akken ad d-sbedden tamurt timziregt (indépendante) i1 yiman-nsen, d acu kan, di 1923, ttwaxedɛen Yikurdiyen deg wemtawa n Lausanne, yernu ur ten-id-is'ag' wacemma si tmurt-nsen. D aya ay ten-yeǧǧan ad bdun imenɣi mgal n ddewla ! n Mustafa Kamel Ataturk, di lweqt i deg Tturk tefka-yasen tiyitiwin iǧehden, yernu tenfa aṭas seg-sen seg wakal-nsen. Di 1945-1946, sbedden-d Yikurdiyen n Lɛiraq akk d Iran di Mahabad Tigduda tamagdayt takurdit ay yellan s ddaw n leɛnaya tasuvyatit, d acu kan, dindin kan sseɣlin-tt Yiɛiraqiyen akk d Yir'aniyen s lemɛawna n Briṭanya Tameqqrant. Imenɣi i lmend b uzarug ikemmel ladɣa di Lɛiraq, anda ay d-yessker Barazani imenɣi mgal n udabu alemmas ger n 1961 d 1970. Di 1974, tettunefk-as tfulmant (autonomie) i tama n Kurdistan aɛiraqi, yernu tuɣal Sulaimaniya d tamaneɣt-is. Deg wemgaru n Ir'an akk d Lɛiraq (1980-1988), yal yiwet si tmura-ya teɛreḍ ad tesseqdec Ikurdiyen n tmurt-nni nniḍen di les'laḥ-is. Di 1988, tanekra n Yikurdiyen di Lɛiraq tessaweḍ adabu aɛiraqi ad asen-yefk tiyita ur nesɛi tamtilt, imi ay yesseqdec imrigen ikruranen (chimiques) mgal-nsen. Ma di 1991, akken kan iɛedda wemgaru n Wekriẓ (guerre du Golfe), yewwet diɣ udabu aɛiraqi Ikurdiyen n tmurt-is, dɣa tger! - d iman-is tmetti tagraɣlant (communauté internationale) akken ad tḥudd fell-asen. Ikurdiyen n Lɛiraq assawḍen ad ṭṭfen aḥric meqqren seg tmiwa-nsen yernu sbedden-d di tmurt-nsen, di 1992, yiwet n "ddewla takurdit". Ma di Tturk, yettak udabu tiytiwin iǧehden mgal n Yikurdiyen ay d-yebdan imenɣi imselleḥ ara yesselḥay Ukabar n Yiqeddacen n Kurdistan neɣ PKK. Di 1999, yettwaṭṭef uɣella (imḍebber) n PKK, maca anect-a ur d-yerri ara lehna ɣer tmurt. Yuɣ lḥal, Tturk attan a tettwali iman-is terra-tt tmara ad asen-tefk izerfan-nsen i Yikurdiyen, ladɣa imi ara tessaram ad tekcem ɣer Tadukli Turufit (Union Européenne).
Amezruy-is n tutlayt takurdit[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Di 1934, ɛerḍen Yikurdiyen n Arminya ad rren takurdit takurmanjit d nettat ay d tutlayt ara yesduklen akk Ikurdiyen, maca ur ssawḍen ara. Llan diɣ yesdawanen (universitaires) ay iɛerḍen ad kksen imgerraden (lxilafat) yellan ger n tkurmanjit akk d tsuranit i lmend n wesdukel-nsent, maca ula d nitni ur ssawḍen ara. Yuɣ lḥal, takurdit takurmanjit tesɛa tasekla yuran d taqburt, tebda-d si tgara n lqern wis 16 akk d wis 17, u teḥbes di lqern wis 18 d wis 19, yernu d tin ay d-ssidren Yikurdiyen n Surya akk d wid yellan di Turuft, di tallit i deg tella Surya s ddaw n leɛnaya n Fransa. D Ikurdiyen n Surya ay d-issuffɣen aɣlis akurdi amenzu, s tkurdit takurmanjit, di 1932, sakin, ḍefrent-t-id aṭas n tsufaɣ (publicaitons) nniḍen ay d-yeffɣen di lɣerba.
Ma di Lɛiraq, d tamedyazt (poésie) takurdit n lqern wis 18, ay yuran s tentala n Suleymaniya ay ileɛben ddur' deg usebded n tutlayt takurdit tizeɣt di tmurt-a. Di tazwara n yiseggasen n 1920, bdan a d-teffɣen yeɣlisen s tkurdit di Suleymaniya, ma di 1931, yesteɛr'ef udabu aɛiraqi s tkurdit tasuranit, yernu bdan a tt-sselmaden deg yiɣerbazen imenza, d ayen yeǧǧan tutlayt-a ad tennerni mliḥ di Lɛiraq, u ad taf iman-is.
Yuɣ lḥal, yemxallaf wamek tella tkurdit si tmurt ɣer tayeḍ. Di lweqt i deg nezmer ad d-nini d akken tutlayt-a yegra-yas-d liser di Lɛiraq akk d Iran, di Tturk, i deg yettidir wazal n wezgen seg Yikurdiyen, mazal takurdit tettidir deg wuguren meqqren, yernu attan a tteddu akken ad tenger.
Tamselyut[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Deg mondeberbere.com Tasuqilt sɣur Hafid Mesbah d Hamid Oubagha
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Takurdit". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.


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Aferdis akruran (S tefransist: élément chimique) d tagrumma n ibelkimen (atomes) ttuẓlaynin s yan wuṭṭun imden n ipruṭunen g tuẓemt-nnsen. Uṭṭun-a, nettaru s Z, da as-nettini uṭṭun abelkiman n uferdis akruran. Da ttuswettant, g tilawt, tɣariwin tikruranin n ibelkimen s tuẓka-nnsen talikṭrunant iqqnen ɣer wuṭṭun n ipruṭunen n tuẓemt-nnsen, ayenna yakkan mas d ibelkimen aksulnin g wuṭṭun abelkiman da asen-ttiksilent tɣariwin tikruranin. G unemgal, ẓḍaren ibelkimen n uferdis akruran igan yan ad ilin yan wuṭṭun imzarayen n inuṭrunen g tuẓemt-nnsen, ar asen-nettini g waddad-a iẓutupen.
Ahidrujin, akarbun, aẓut, uksijin, uzzal, anas, aẓref, ureɣ, atg. gan iferdisen ikruranen. Ku yan deg-sen da ittugensas s yat tengalt takrurant: H, C, N, O, Fe, Cu, Ag, Au, atg. S umata, ttyafan ar ass-a 118 n iferdisen ikruranen, seg wuṭṭun abelkiman 1 ar 118. Deg-sen 94 n iferdisen ttusmagin ɣef wakal g wammas agaman, ilin 80 ɣur-sen s tdersi yan uẓutup izgan (lan akk iferdisen-a yan wuṭṭun abelkiman imeẓẓiyen ɣef neɣ igda 82 amer iferdisen 43 d 61).
Ɣyen iferdisen ikruranen ad munen g tizi n imyaggaten ikruranen ssilɣen yat tartalla n wuddisen ikruranen. Aman, sumedya, gan tayafut n tamunt n wuksijin d uhidrujin, ayenna aɣ-yakkan afnuz bu bu tenfalit takrurant H2O — sin ibelkimen n uhidrujin d yan n wuksijin. Iẓḍar uhidrujin d wuksijin, g tfadiwin timehlanin myallanin, ad d-fken uddisen myallanin, amm ubiruksid n uhidrujin neɣ d aman ittsuksijinin lanin tanfalit H2O2 — sin ibelkimen n uhidrujin d sin n wuksijin. G unemgal, ku uddis akruran iɣey ad irey ig iferdisen imyallan. Aman, s umedya, ẓḍaren ad ttuliktrulizan ɣer wuksijin d uhidrujin. Da nettini i tanga tazedgant, yulɣen s ibelkimen n uferdis akruran igan yan,tafekka tafrart. Tameggarut-a ur yallfus ad tery ɣer iferdisen myallanin. Aya a s nsemziriy ger tfekka tafrart d uferdis akruran. S umedya, uksijin iga aferdis akruran, maca urrig nna nessen akkʷ d nna mi nettini g wawal n ku ass uksijin hat tafekka tafrart ayd igaig yisem-nnes unɣid asinuksijin,ar t-nsenfali s O2, bar ad imyilli d wuẓun bu tenfalit O3, igan altu tafekka tafrart; uẓun d usinuksijin gan anawen isnefliḍnanen n uferdis uksijin. Addad alugnan n yan uferdis akruran iga-t waddad n tfekka tafrart mi tga tenfalit (Enthalpie) tanawayt n ussileɣ tanelmaḍt-akkʷ g tfadiwin timagnutin n uzɣal d ussikel, igdan 0 s umsasa.
Ur yallfus ad infel uferdis akruran ɣer yan uferdis-yaḍen s umyagga akruran, amyagga aweẓman ittusemman ammeskel aweẓman day ayd iẓḍaren ad ig isenfel-a. Asenmel-a isenfali-t tikkelt tamezwarut umsekrura afransis Lavoisier g 1789[1],[2].
Da wala ttuskanen iferdisen ikruranen g yat tfelwit, d-ikkan imahilen n umsekrura arusi Dimitri Mundalif, mi ttinin "tafelwit tawalant n iferdisen":
IsenmalEdit
Tingalin, tasmaggayt d ussurteyEdit
Tifrisin n kraygat aferdisEdit
Tisaɣulin d isugamEdit
- ↑ Traité élémentaire de chimie, p.101.
- ↑ Amsenfizik d umsekrura ayrlandi ⵔⵓⴱⵉⵔ ⴱⵓⵢⵍ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴽⴰⴷⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⴹⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰⵏ, pratiquait en fait l'alchimie et recherchait le moyen de procéder à la transmutation des métaux entre eux. C'est davantage dans le domaine de l'atomisme qu'il a été précurseur, avec ses travaux fondateurs sur la physique des gaz et l'énoncé de la loi de Mariotte.


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Tawilayt n Cclef
Tawilayt n Cclef (susru [ch.lef ]), (s teɛrabt: ولاية الشلف), d yiwet n twilayat tazzayrit i yellan g ugafa-umalu n tmurt n Taziri. Tawilayt-a tebḍa ɣef 13 n tdayriwin:
- Tadayra n Ɛin Merran (Ɛin Merran, Lehranfa)
- Tadayra n Bni Ḥewwa (Bni Ḥewwa, Brira, Iɣzer Ugusim)
- Tadayra n Buqadir (Buqadir, Wad Sli, Ṣubḥa)
- Tadayra n Cclef (Cclef, Senǧas, Um Ddruɛ)
- Tadayra n Lkarimeyya (Lkarimeyya, Ḥercun, Bni Buɛettab)
- Tadayra n Lmerṣa (Lmerṣa, Muṣeddeq)
- Tadayra n Wad Lfeḍḍa (Wad Lfeḍḍa, Bni Raced, Wlad Ɛebbas)
- Tadayra n Wlad Benɛebdelqader (Wlad Benɛebdelqader, Lḥeǧǧaǧ)
- Tadayra n Wlad Fares (Wlad Fares, Ceṭṭeyya, Lebyeḍ Meǧǧaǧa)
- Tadayra n Twegrit (Tawegrit, Ḍḍehra)
- Tadayra n Tnes (Tnes, Sidi Ɛekkaca, Sidi Ɛebderreḥman)
- Tadayra n Ẓebbuǧa (Ẓebbuǧa, Bnayreyya, Buzɣaya)
- Tadayra n Abu Lḥasan (Taǧna, Abu Lḥasan, Taleɛṣa)


text:
Tektuniyya
Tektuniyya (Assaɣ usnan: Cydonia oblonga) d talmest n yemɣan yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tanejjikt deg tfesna n tnejjikin, Tektuniyya d agummu id yettemɣayen deg tegrest yettili-d neɣ yudes (yeqreb) ar udeffu d ifires
Ismawen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Isem-is s latinit: Cydonia oblonga
- Isem-is s tefransist: Cognassier
- Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Taktunya[1]
- Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt:
Isseqdac[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
ifsan n tektuniyya d wid yeččuren d ivitaminen yelhan i tezmert akken daɣen i yella dges 64% n waman 7% iẓid, 0,9% Pṛutin
Tiwelhiwin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ 'Amawal n Yemɣan - Lexique de plantes ' - Chabane Mohand u Remdane - Mémoire d'études en Agronomie - Université de Tizi ouzou (non daté ~années 80)


text:
Mercredi 28 juillet 2021
Issefk ad kksent tlisa yellan di Tmazɣa, mačči d tilisa ad d-nernu !
Ulac beṭṭu ur nessirqiq ! Di tallit deg simmal ddukulent tmura, zeddint deg igerwan imeqqranen n tsertit akked tdamsa (1) akken ad smeɣrent tazmert-nsent, ur illi webrid i beṭṭu amaynut di tmurt n Lezzayer neɣ di tmurt nniḍen n Tmazɣa. Akken ibɣu yili, yif azdey n tmura wala beṭṭu-nsent (l’intégration est de loin préférable au morcellement).
Tamezwarut, ulac iɣisi aqbur izemren ad ibḍu tamnaṭ-a ɣef temnaṭ-in. Tamurt yiwet, aẓar yiwen, amezruy yiwen, idles yiwen si Libya ar Merruk. D tamazɣa ur nbeṭṭu. Tadukli-s tamezwarut ittwassnen deg umezruy, tella-d yakan di tgelda n Masensen si –202 (imenɣi n Zama), armi d -104, mi yemmut Yugerten, ikcem-d Ruman.
Tilisa yellan ass-a gar tmura n Tmazɣa (Lezzayer, Merruk, Tunes, Libya, Muritanya), d lwert n umezruy, d tamhersa n Ruman (2), leqrun n imennuɣen di leqrun n tinneslemt, tamhersda n Terk, akked tin n Fransa i tent-igan.
Talast taneggarut ibedden gar Merruk akked Lezzayer, d jiniral Bugeaud i tt-igan di 1845, ikfa-tt jiniral Lyautey di 1903-1904, irna-yas uneɣlaf Morice afrag n wuzzal, n lminat akked trisiti di 1957 (ligne Morice), iga-yas afrag wis sin jiniral Challe di 1960 (ligne Challe).
Tidett, ulac yiwet talast i sbedden gar-asen at tmurt, s lebɣi-nsen, anagar tin illan d tamezwarut gar Muretanya (Merruk + azgen n Lezzayer utaram), akked Numidya (azgen n Lezzayer n wagmuḍ + Tunes + libya), maca llant i snat di tgelda n Masensen.
Tilisa i yellan tallit gar ‘’igelliden n tinneslemt’’, di leqrun-nni n herrwel (‘’les siècles obscurs du Maghreb’’) gar lqern wis 7 d wis 16, anda gellden At Idris, Iresṭumen, At Ḥemmad, Imrabḍen, Imwaḥden, At Mrin, Izyanen, Iḥefsiyen, … llant kan di talast n tezmert-nsen, di lweqt-nsent. Mi tbeddel tegnitt akked tezmert, ad kksent tlisa-nni, ad beddlent amkan ; akken i tedda armi d-tekcem tmurt n Fransa di 1830.
Tilisa deg ugraw n OUA (Organisation de l’Unité Africaine / Union Africaine)
Ma yella usaḍuf yifen akk wiyaḍ deg ugraw n OUA / UA, d win yessersen azref akken ad ters talwit gar tmura n Taferka : ad qqiment tlisa akken llant di tegnitt n timunent-nsent (‘’intangibilité des frontières héritées de la colonisation’’). Anejmaâ n OUA n 21 yulyu 1964 ifra-tt : “akk timura yellan zdint deg ugraw n OUA fkant awal-nsent akken ad qadrent tilisa yellan beddent deg wass deg tekkes temhersa fell-asent, uɣent timunent-nsent” / « l’assemblée déclare solennellement que tous les Etats membres s’engagent à respecter les frontières existant au moment où ils ont accédé à l’indépendance ». (3)
60 iseggasen deffir talalit n ugraw OUA di 1963, ad naf, gar cwiṭ d waṭas, iṭṭef usaḍuf-nni n tlisa, acku drus n tmura i yebḍan ; ar ass-, snat tmura kan i d-ilulen, ttwaqeblent deg igerwan n ONU akked UA :
Sudan (Soudan) yebḍa ɣef sin : Sudan, Sudan n wanẓul (Soudan du sud)
Ityupya (Ethiopie) : teffeɣ temnaṭ n Erythrée, d tamurt tamunant.
Ma d Sahara occidental di Tamazɣa, Somaliland di Somalie, Biafra di Nigéria, Casamance di Sénégal, Azawaḍ di Mali, akked Ambazonie (Amba Land) di Cameroun, mazal-itent ttnaɣent ɣef timunent-nsent.
Ass-a, sin izerfan imeqqranen zgan-d d ixsimen : azref n yal tamurt akken ad teqqim akken i tella, ur tbeṭṭu d iḥricen (principe d’intégrité territoriale), akked uzref n yal aɣref/agdud, ma ur yufi iman-is di tmurt deg yella tama n iɣerfan nniḍen (principe du droit à l’auto-détermination des peuples). Di yal tamurt deg llan iɣerfan mgaraden, d tuttra anwa azref ad yifriren deg-sen ?
Tilisa timaynutin di Tamazɣa ?
Tamazɣa tuḍen deg umezruy-is. Aṭan-is, d temɣer n wakal, d war tadukli n iɣerfan/tiwsimin illan, d anekcum n tsertit n taârabt-tinneslemt, d tamhersa ur ngi isem. Uguren akk illan ass-a cudden ɣer umezruy-nni. Adda n uḍris, ad nessuk tiṭ i yal tamnaṭ anda i tettenfufud.
Tamurt n Asif Zeggaɣen (Sahara occidental, ‘’RASD’’)
D tamurt taneggarut ittuhersen di Taferka, tella ddaw ufus n Spanya si 1846 armi d 1976.
Talalit n Polisario s ufus n El Gueddafi akked Boumediène di 1973 (4), tessekcem tamhersa n taârabt-tinneslemt ; d tin i yettenfufuden ar ass-a, tegla-d s ccwal gar tmura n Lezzayer akked Merruk.
Tifrat-is ass-a mačči d timerna n wakal-is, d tunṭict i tgelda n Merruk. Tifrat-is d timanit n tidett, akken ad tili d tilellit, ddaw laânaya n tmura i yas-d-izzin (Merruk, Lezzayer, Muritanya) ; tezmer ad tili azekka d tagejdit tamezwarut n bennu n Tmazɣa Idduklen. Mačči d abrid-nni i yuɣen iduba yellan ass-a di Merruk akked Lezzayer,yal yiwen yessimɣur tazmert n laâsker deffir talast-is !
Timunent n wagmuḍ n Libya (Cyrénaïque) ?
Seg useggas n 2011, mi yekker umussu si temdint n Benghazi, yessaɣ i tmurt armi yeɣli udabu n El Gueddafi, tamurt n Libya ur tufi talwit.
Timura taârabin i d-iqqimen akkin (Qatar, Emirats, Maser,…), ufant abrid akken ad bḍunt tamurt n Libya, ad ččent petrol illan deg-s, ad seddun tasertit-nsen n unekcum n taârabt-tinneslemt, akken azekka ad ternu d tunṭict i tmurt n Maser.
Ass-a, tamurt n Libya tebḍa, ɣas ur d-illi walɣu unsib n ‘’timunent n wagmuḍ n Libya’’ (sécession de la Cyrénaïque); di tilawt, illa beṭṭu, adabu deg ufus n Qatar. Mazal d-tewwiḍ tifrat-is, akken ad teddukel tmurt n Libya, ad tezdi akken i tella…
Timunent n tmurt n Arif ?
Tamurt n Arif di Merruk tella d tamhersa n Spanya si tifrat n Algésiras n yennayer 1906. Frant tmura n urupa ad fkent agafa n Merruk i Spanya. D tiḥila n Legliz i tt-igan akken tamurt n Fransa ur d-tettili zdat uẓru n Gibraltar, win illan d ayla n Legliz.
Ṭṭrad n Arif (la guerre du Rif) yettwassen ; imenɣi n Spanya akked irifiyen ur ifri di yal tama. Asmi tekker ad tekcem idurar n Arif di 1920 s tezmert tameqqrant, Irifiyen kkren, snegren tazmert n Spanya, sbedden Tagduda n Arif di 1923 (République du Rif), aselway-is d Muḥend Abdelkrim El Khettabi. Si 1925, teddukel Spanya akked Fransa akken ad hudden tagduda n Arif. Di 1926 issers uzzal Abdelkrim ; netta nfan-t ɣer tegzirt n La Réunion, syen yezger ɣer tmurt n Maser di 1947.
Mi tuɣ timunent tmurt n Merruk di 1956, El Mexzen iger-d zdat wallen-is tamurt n Arif, acku Irifiyen ur qbilent timunent-nni i tefka Fransa i ugellid Muḥemmed V.
Di 1958, iserdasen n El Mexzen snegren tamurt n Arif, nɣan nnig 5000 irifiyen. Ar ass-a ur tekkis tɣennant-nni.
Amur seg Irifiyen ass-a ur ran ad qqimen deg Arif illan d aḥric n tmurt n Merruk, ddaw udabu n ugellid. Saramen ad gen tamurt n Arif tamunant, tagduda n Arif. Isem n Muḥend Abdelkrim gan-as ccan d ameqqran.
Ass-a ur iẓri yiwen amek illa umussu n timunent (mouvement indépendantiste rifain) deg umussu ameqqran, lhirak, i d-ikkren akken d ifru ugur ameqqran deg tella tmurt n Arif, tettwaâzel, stehzan deg-s armi texla si trewla n warraw-is deg waman, d anejli ɣer Spanya.
Immal n Arif illa di timanit n tidett, di Merruk amagday, Merruk n izerfan. Ur illi di beṭṭu gar-as d tmurt n Merruk. Asalu n Lmexzen n Muḥemmed VI d win n tikerkas, d win n ugdal n izerfan… ar d-yaweḍ wass n twaɣit-is.
Timunent n tmurt n Iqbayliyen (Kabylie) ?
Tamuɣli d usirem i timunent n tmurt n Iqbayliyen (indépendance de la Kabylie) ur telli d taqburt deg umezruy, acku teddukel tmurt. Acḥal d tallit i kecmen Yeqbayliyen azaɣar akked temdint n Lezzayer : nnuɣen Terk, srewlen Aâruǧ, syen ḥekmen Lezzayer si 1520 armi d 1527 ; syen qublen Fransa di 1830 segmi rewlen iserdasen n Terk n Dey Husssein ; Snekren tagrawla seg ukabar n ENA, n PPA akked l’OS, armi d 1954 di yal tama, slulen-d lwilaya IV akked lwilaya VI n Seḥra s tuddsa akked iserdasen n lwilaya III… Tamurt n Leqbayel ur tebḍi ɣef tmura nniḍen n Lezzayer, acku tuɣ tanemmast n Lezzayer. D Lezzayer.
D tasertit n FLN deffir 1962, deg ubrid n taârabt-tinneslemt, tin igedlen idles akked tutlayt tamaziɣt, i yessawden ɣer tlalit n umussu n timunent (ass-a deg ukabar n MAK / Amussu i timunent n tmurt n Iqbayliyen, si 2013).
Mi d-ilul ukabar n MAK di 2001, iswi-s d timanit/autonomie n tmurt n Iqbayliyen. Di tgejdit-is akked tuddsa-s, d akabar iteddun deg ubrid n talwit akked leqder n izerfan. Ar ass-a, ur iffiɣ seg ubrid-nni acku d amussu d-ifkan aẓar si tnekra n Tefsut Imaziɣen n 1980 i yebnan ɣef tgejda : ‘’tugdut n yal udem (libertés démocratiques), tutlayin n ugdud Azzayri (tamaziɣt akked darǧa), tukksa n miḥyaf gar yemdanen (justice socilale), abrid n talwit (mouvement pacifique)’’. D asalu-nni i yessawden ass-a ɣer tnekra/hirak n furar 2019.
Tamuɣli n MAK tebrez : “adabu yellan di Lezzayer si 1962 ilul-d si tmuɣli n Messali di PPA, ur izmir ad d-iffeɣ si taârabt-tinneslemt ; tiḥila i yesedduy yal tikkelt (tamaziɣt d tutlayt taɣelnawt, d tutlayt tunsibt, takadimit usekkak, …), d urar kan akken ad d-irbeḥ akud, ar d tenger tmaziɣt di tmurt. Ur telli tafat ad d-ikken seg-s… ddwa-s d beṭṭu n tmurt, d timunent n tmurt n Iqbayliyen”. Tamuɣli n MAK, izwar-itt yakan wawal n umedyaz, di tkuffta n wurfan-is : “Ad ncerreg tamurt !”.
Ɣas imeɣnasen n MAK llan di yal tama, di yal tiɣremt, maca amur ameqqran n Iqbayliyen ur ddin deg usalu n MAK.
Anda i tezleg tmuɣli n MAK ?
Asalu n MAK (akked imeɣnasen yuɣen ass-a tikta n MAK) iga am umejjaj/ṭbib ur nufi aṭan yellan di tfekka, yuzzel ad yefk ddwa ur nwata (‘’un mauvais diagnotic engendre systématiquement un mauvais traitement’’). Yiwet tmentit/sebba/ cause i yesedduyen iɣerfan deg ubrid n beṭṭu i timunent ur issefk i tmurt n Iqbayliyen (5).
Tamurt n Iqbayliyen d tanemmast n Lezzayer, n Tmazɣa ; ur illi iɣisi n uẓar, n umezruy, n yidles gar-as d temnaḍin nniḍen. Illa umgared n tutlayt, n tmetti tamsedrart, acku teṭṭef di tutlayt tamaziɣt akked umur n yidles inegren anda nniḍen, deg izuɣar. Ass-a, llan iberdan di timanit/autonomie linguistique et culturelle, akken ad taf iman-is, ad tesnerni, ad tessiɣ i tmura nniḍen, nitenti ad afent aẓar-nsent s tfentazit. Tamurt n Iqbayliyen d tinigit n Tmazɣa yellan si zik, d nettat ara igen asɣen i usirem n leqrun d-iteddun. Mačči kan d tamuɣli n usekcem n tmaziɣt deg yidles akked uɣerbaz n tmurt (politique inclusive), ass-a yella wayen yugaren, d bennu n tmurt ɣef lsas n tidett (refondation nationale), ɣef wakken tella tmurt deg iẓuran-is, mačči d tawleft-nni usekkak i tebɣa ad tessers tsertit n ‘’taârabt-tinneslemt’’. Asɣen ɣer umezruy izdin, inna-t Mulud Mammeri (6), illa deg usalu n Yugerten (7).
Ad neg ‘’Tamurt n Iqbayliyen tamaziɣt’’ teffeɣ si Lezzayer, s uzref n autodétermination, tga-d tilisa timaynutin. Ugur ameqqran : ad teǧǧ akkin amur ameqqran n wakal n tmurt n Lezzayer i… tsertit d udabu n taârabt-tinneslemt ; ad tegzem Tmazɣa di tnemmast, syen wid ad igelden din ad sbedden ‘’El Xalifa Aârab’’ di tiɣremt n Lezzayer ; ad ibedd Bengrina, Mokri, Ali Belhadj, neɣ wayeḍ d aselway n tinneslemt akked tmeṭṭurfit, d axuni, deffir-s ad yili Qatar, Emirats, Saâudya, … Amek ara tizmir ‘’tmurt n Iqbayliyen’’ ad d-ilalen, ad tidir di talwit zdat les chars n Gaïd Salaḥ, Chengriḥa neɣ wayeḍ ?
Asmekti n tnekra n FFS di 1963 : deg wazgen n wass, les chars d-iffɣen si Lezzayer, nehren-ten-id iserdasen n Cuba, kecmen-d tanemmast n Larbaâ n At Iraten. Nella din, d inigan mi d-kecmen.
Ur nessiɣzif awal ugar ɣef usalu ur nessuffuɣ. Abrid-is mačči d beṭṭu n tmurt n Lezzayer, mačči d tilisa timaynutin gar Tadmayt d Berǧ Mnayen. Am akken ur izmir yiwen ad yeg talast di tnemmast n ufrag-is, n tferka-s. Yal tasertit n beṭṭu n tmurt (morcellement) txeddem i wammud/lfayda n tmura nniḍen, mačči i win n iɣerfan n Tmazɣa.
Immal ad yili kan deg usalu n tddukli n tmura yellan, si Libya ar Merruk, tid d-iǧǧa umezruy, di bennu n ugraw n tmura n Tmazɣa Idduklen, akken azekka ad kksent akkin tlisa yellan, ad d-tlal tddukli n ‘’Fédération des Etats d’Afrique du Nord’’.
Llan wuguren deg ubrid-a, gwten d tidett ; maca uguren mačči deg ugdud i llan. Di yal adabu i llan. Yal yiwen izmer ad iẓer amek qublen wid d-ikkren, d imeɣnasen n hirak/tanekra n Rif d Lezzayer, n MAK, n RPK, d ineɣmasen. Icuddan n lḥebs ur ferrqen gar-asen.
Agellid n Merruk i yerran tamurt d ayla-s, iqqen s tinneslemt ɣer wagmuḍ; d tindert ad ifsin di tazwara,
Iserdasen (‘’at ukaskiḍ’’) di tmurt n Lezzayer, ula d nitni qqnen aḍar afus ɣer ‘’les militaro-nationalistes arabes’’ akked igelliden n Qatar d Emirats, d tuccar n taârabt-tinneslemt i yuɣen aẓar di yal amkan.
Tuccar n tmura n yal tama n umaḍal akken ad bḍun timura n Tmazɣa ilmend n petrol, uranium, ureɣ d wayen nniḍen (USA, UE, Terk, Qatar, Saudya, Maser, …).
Di tmuɣli-nnaɣ, d tamurt n Lezzayer i yellan di tnemmast, d nettat kan i izemren ad tessinef akkin tasertit n taârabt-tinneslemt, akken ad d-teslal asirem, win ad ikkren d amussu n tmura nniḍen.
Abrid n yiseɣ iban, ɣas yessawen ad issuffeɣ…
A.U. L.
Timerna / Notes :
1) Amedya n USA, UE, ASEAN, Mercosur, ALENA, Conseil nordique, Fédération de Russie, atg.
2) Ruman yebḍa tamurt n Tmazɣa acḥal n tikkal, isnulfa-d Muretanya tinjitane, Muretanya Cesarienne, Muretanya Setifienne, Numidya (tettwagzem), tamurt n Ruman di Taferka (Afrique romaine proconsulaire), atg…
3) La Conférence des Chefs d’Etats et de Gouvernements de l’Organisation de l’unité africaine (OUA) réunie au Caire, opta en faveur du « principe de l’intangibilité » des frontières en Afrique, le 21 juillet 1964. Ce principe « déclare solennellement que tous les Etats membres s’engagent à respecter les frontières existant au moment où ils ont accédé à l’indépendance ».
4) Le Matin d’Algérie 21/07/2021 : Polisario, Pegasus, Muḥemmed VI… akked ‘’at ukaskiḍ’’-nnaɣ !
https://lematindalgerie.compolisario-pegasus-muhemmed-vi-akked-ukaskid-nnag
5) “Le désir de se séparer du pouvoir central ne peut émaner que d’une communauté distincte concentrée sur un territoire, ou plus exactement dans une région déterminée, qui a sa langue et sa culture (parfois même sa religion) propres et qui présente des motifs de mécontentement qui va du sentiment de marginalisation jusqu’à celui de la persécution. Soit trois facteurs essentiels aisément repérables dans l’ensemble des pays africains et européens cités en exemples, auxquels s’ajoute un quatrième propre au continent du Sud, à savoir les effets à retardement et les séquelles combien profondes de la colonisation.” Salah Grichi.
6) « De toute façon, il n’est pas possible d’accepter de gaieté de coeur que la langue qui avait servi aux guerriers de Jugurtha cessât de chanter sur les lieux de leurs combats, par la faute de quelques préjugés rétrogrades ». Mouloud Mammeri, 1987.
7) Le Matin d’Algérie 09/9/2016 : « Le combat de Jugurtha pour unifier son pays est toujours d’actualité, comme l’est toujours la menace de morcellement par les différents impérialismes. Seuls les acteurs et les moyens ont changé, hier c’était les colonisations par les armes, aujourd’hui c’est par l’ingérence, la diplomatie du chéquier et la manipulation de la violence terroriste de l’intégrisme islamiste ».
https://www.lematindz.net/news/21742-jugurtha-lunificateur-sans-concession.html


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Internet yuɣal d taɣawsa ilaqen yal ass am trisiti d waman, ihi afran n yiminig ifazen daɣen d tamsalt meqqren urǧin tella ar ass-a. Internet tuɣal d tanarit, d tiliẓri, d aselmad, daɣen tikwal d amejjay, xas wama amejjay-ik n tidet ad yebɣu axiṛ ad tɛeddiḍ ɣur-s tikwal akken ad k-iwali wala tujjya srid.
Deg tlemmast n yiseggasen n ttɛin, Netscape, Internet Explorer d AOL ṭɣan ɣef Web. Anwa ur d-nemmekti ara aẓawan n umudim ticki iteqqen ɣer Internet. Tlemdeḍ ssbeṛ i ilaqen akken ad d-yali usebter. Di tallit-nni, nettwali kan arured n yiminig.
Ass-a, d taqsiḍt-nniḍen. Gar udellel imezgi, tarewla n yisefka akked yisallen n ukellex, mačči d ayen yessewhamen imi wid yettinigen deg Internet suturen ugar seg yiminig. Amek iminig ad immesten isefka-nsen? Ad yeǧǧ ineḍfaṛen ad k-ḍefṛen deg yal amḍiq deg web? Yettwafeṣṣel akken yeg dddeqs n ccɣel i tikkelt?
Ma tebɣiḍ ad tezreḍ d acu i d anamek n yiming arurd daɣen d abadni, a-ten-an kraḍ n yiferdisen ara tawiḍ deg ufran-ik.
Iminig ifeṣṣlen akken ad yili d arurad.
Iminig d afecku, daɣen am yal afecku, yelha lemmer ad nissin ad nefren win i ilaqen i twuri-is. Ma d amdan yesran axeddim akken ad tawiḍ ayen teḥwaǧeḍ, ilaq-ak yiminig arurad, d ayen fessusen nezzeh. Iminig i yesseqdacen ineḍfaṛen izmer ad yeglu s tazayt. Ineḍfaṛen d inagan n tuqqna i iteddun deg ugilal n usmel, yessaẓay daɣen tunigin. Skud iminig yessewḥal ineḍfaṛen, skud iteddu s zreb.
D yiwet seg ddeqs n sebbat fiɣer i ilaq ad nefren Firefox: D tidet, Firefox yessewḥal ineḍfaṛen s wudem amezwer. Llant ddeqs n sebbat-nniḍen uɣur ad d-nuɣal ɣer zdat.
Iminig yettarran taɣellist i d tamezwarut.
Tecfiḍ ɣef trewla n yisefka taneggarut? Ahat ala, acku aya iḍerru-d acḥal n tikkal. Tikebbaniyin ceffunt ɣef yisefka n yimsaɣen-nsent, am telɣut tudmawant akked tin n tedrimt i ttakren imakaren. Ma yella taɣellist d ayen i k-iceɣben, iminig aɣelsan d win yellan d ufrin i kečč.
Iminig yezmer ad immesten iseqdacen-is s ddeqs n tarrayin. Di tazwara, iminig s lqem aneggaru n t qellist izmer ad immesten aselkim-ik akked yismal mgal yir tirziwin n yivirusen akked yir iseɣzanen.
Tis snat, ur ilaq ara ad teskelseḍ ddeqs n yisefka n useqdac. D tidet, imakaren ur zmiren ara ad akren ayen ur nelli ara, ɣef aya Firefox ijemmeɛ kan kra n telɣut ɣef yiseqdacen. Firefox yeẓra ticki tesseqdaceḍ iminig daɣen yeẓra anida telliḍ maca ur yessin ara isem n uɣersiw-ik n uxxam neɣ ini i tḥemmled.
Ɣer taggar, iminig aɣelsan yessefk ad d-imudd ifecka ara k-yeǧǧen ad ɛasseḍ imiḍanen-ik. Amedya, ilɣa s yimayl ma yella yiwen seg yimiḍanen-ik tḥuza-t trewla n yisefka, neɣ daɣen ipiktugṛamen i d-yemmalen d akken asmel d awgelhan ( aya yebɣa ad d-yini d akken tzemreḍ ad teskecmeḍ takarḍa n lbanka deg usmel n uzenzi s wudem aɣelsan).
Firefox yettmuddu-d amaynut akken ad teqqimeḍ d aɣelsan: Firefox Monitor. D ameẓlu n baṭel ara k-id-yelɣun ticki tella trewla n yisefka i iḥuzan amiḍan-ik zik. Tamahilt-nniḍen d leqfel azegzaw. Apiktugṛam-a amecṭuḥ yellan deg tama n, ufella tazelmaḍt n yiminig temmal-d d akken asmel yettwarzan d aɣelsan, d awgelhan. Ma yella d amumed, xemmem snat n tikkal uqbel ad tazneḍ isefka-ik udmawanen.
Iminig ur neggar ara iman-is di ccɣel-ik.
Tabaḍnit deg Web d asentel iṛeqqen. Ma yella tabadnit tekka-d deg umḍiq amezwaru deg wayen i k-yecceɣben, tessarameḍ ad tnadiḍ iminig iṣelḥen. Ticki tferneḍ iminig uslig, wali tastṛatijit yeṭṭafaṛ akked wamek ixeddem yiminig i yisefka-ik. D tamsalt tatiknikant, maca sebba ɣef wacu kran n yiminigen d usligen ugar n wiyaḍ.
Ineḍfaṛen d wid i teggen acaɣal s yiznan "inagan n tuqqna" i tettwaliḍ deg yismal n tkebbaniyin n tmesrifgin. Ineḍfaṛen-a ẓran anida i tettekkaḍ daɣen zemren ad ttwasqedcen i tesleḍt n tikli-ik. Iminig uslig yettmuddu i yiseqdacen aɣewwar akken ad yessexsi ineḍfaṛen, maca tif xir ad xsin s wudem amezwer.
Abrid-nniḍen akken ad tesḥebseḍ ineḍfaṛen seg uḍfaṛ-ik, d aseqdec n uskar uslig deg tunigin. Yal iminig yettzuxxun d uslig, yessefk ad d-imudd askar n tunigin tusligt.
Abrid fessusen akken ad twaliḍ d tirza ɣer usebter n yiɣewwaṛen n ugbur n yiminig akked tsertit tabaḍnit. Asebter web n tbaḍnit yessefk ad yesken ma yella isefka-ik ttwabḍan daɣen acuɣer. Ɣef waya tasertit tabaḍnit n Firefox fessuset i tɣurin daɣen i tifin.
Afran n yiminig ifazen, am ufran n uxxam amaynut. Yelha lemmer ad twaliḍ meṛṛa isefran, ad tgeḍ inadiyen daɣen ad tgezmeḍ di ṛṛay yebnan ɣef wayen i ak-ilaqen s waṭas.
Deg Firefox, nexdem aṭas akken ad nebnu iminig d arurad ugar ɣef wamek yella daɣen yettmuddu-d ugar n wallalen akken ad teṭṭfeḍ gar ifassen-ik tudert-ik tumḍint.


text:
Ijjen yexs ad iraḥ a dd-yeksi tarist. Yebda ittetter iɣyal x ayt bab n ddcar. Iruḥ ɣer yijjen, yesqerqeb x-as, yeffeɣ-dd. Yenna-s: « Min din? »
Yenna-s netta: « Mala yexs lxaḍer-nnec, a day-tejjed aɣyul-nnec ad raḥeɣ a x-as dd-ksiɣ ijjen leḥmel n tarrist. »
Yerra x-as bab n weɣyul yenna-s: « A weddi aɣyul indeh-it mmi, iruḥ ad yagem. »
Ɛad wer ikemmel awal, uca d wemcum-nni n weɣyul a dd-yeksi s wesḥundart zi tezribt.
Lexdenni yenna-s: « Llah a weddi! Aɣyul aqqa-t da, cekk teqqared-ayi indeh-it mmi-c ad iraḥ a x-as dd-yagem. »
Yexzar deg-s bab n weɣyul s taqsuḥi, yenna-s: « Mala d asnuɛtar aqa snuɛtareɣ-ac, mala nnec ruḥ ḍelq-as-dd! »
Ɣer ɛawed: Jeḥḥa d wawal n yewdan


text:
ifser usinag anamur ajyufizyawi belli qa izemmem ijjen unhezzi n tmurt iwweḍ 5.4 x sellum n Richter, ass n lexmis di jjihet n Biyya.
Mamec tenna tracca tanamurt n uḥeṭṭu zeg inhezziyen n tmurt, iḍeffren i usinag-a s ixef-nnes, belli anhezzi-ya yemsar ɣer tenayen n ssbeḥ d 45 n tminutin.
Tala-ya tenna ila anhezzi yuqeɛ deg weɣbay n 17 kilumiṭer.
Di facebook, ttwafsaren ca n ifuṭuten d ibidyuten i yettzemmamen i taqsuḥi n tarjijit n tmurt.
Ijj n kamira tzemmem tarjijit n tmurt i ca n xemsa n isigunden, anhezzi-ya min ked ucan azgen ameqqran n imezdaɣ n Arrif, ula kṭer imezdaɣ n Biyya, mani ca zzag-sen ffɣen ɣer berra, d nitni gg°den ad asen-yuqeɛ ca.
Tuffut-a, azgen d ameqqran n imeḥḍaren ssufɣen-d tibadutin, qqaren di berra. D nitni ttegg°den ad tɛawed ad tenhezz tamurt.


text:
Inna-as Georges Brassens seg yiwet si tezlatin ines ur nheffu: La chose ne me gène pas mais les mots me dérangent (taYawsa ur iyi tḍur ara ma d awalen-is ccan iyi!)
Akka diYen netta i teḍra yid negh s Igawawen tineggura yagi. NevYa akken ma nella yiwet n tYawsa i tmurt nneY, i ugdud nneY, i uYref nneY, i udles nneY, i tarwa nneY d tin ines uzekka. Nettwet fell-as akken a nidir, a nili azekka. Akken ur nengger ara, ur nettYav ara. Acku ulac win ivYan ad isuḍ ad izri am aḍu. Ulac win ivYan ad ittwattu kan akka d netta ur ittwasen, ur iga kra ama i watmaten is ama i talsa s umata.
Fell-as ihi i nettwet, fell-as i nessusem i nesver i rregmat d ddel. Nezga nessaram neqqar ahat ad tuYal ad tveddel tegnitt. Xas akka yir awal, tisusaf, agdal d tyita zgan fell-aneY. Maca mi ara tt-id nger gar wallen nneY, ittuYal-d usirem, tettuYal-d tezmert akken ad nesver ugar, akken as nawi i wayen ivYu iYli-d fell-aneY.
D nettat diYen iY idegren nessali-d ikavaren n tsartit, tidukliwin tidelsanin, imussuten diYen di myal ssenf d wanil. IYmisen d rradyuwat ur nezgil tameslayt: s teqvaylit, s tefransist d taaraYt. D nettat iY d-isufYen s izenqan a nelhu, ad d-nsuY, ad d-nenni. Γef isem is i nquvel acengu d ifassen d ilmawen. Fell-as irefden kra gar-aneY aveckiḍ, i yundin lbumbat am tarvaât n 76.
Fall-as diYen i fkan ixfawen nsen d asfel aṭas Igawawen. Ttwaṭfen, tturzen u ttwaaesren macci d tikkelt, wa di Barwagya wa di Lambeze, wa di Lherrac wa di Taẓult. Aṭas diYen seg nneY, i srewlen si tmurt, nfan ten, gedlen asen akal iẓuran nsen. Ula di laxxart, ddaw tmedlin ugin asen tamurt nsen. S yis kan ihi i nella, i nedder. S yis ara nesgunfu mi ara aY teccar, assmi ara d-yaweḍ wass nneY imi wa xarttum ivan, nevna fell-as.
Fell-as diYen i nevges i nhezzem netturar deg unnar icenga. NuYal d ileqqafen gar iffasen nsen imi nedda tikli nsen. Di tsartit nga am nutni, nerfed awal d tmuYli am nutni. Tudsa n temsal nneY nefka yas udem ur nelli d ayla nneY.
Nurar yidsen akken asen neâjjev, nYil ahat ad nâeddi, aY fken udem am akken isen-t nefka, am akken iten nquder.
Nejja deg ayla neY nehrez win nsen, nettu idles nneY nelmed win nsen, nehmel iẓuran d ddin neY nerfed wid nsen, neqqim Yef umezruy nneY nkemmed-it maca nerfed s igenni win nsen. Nerkeḍ tameslayt nneY nestehza deg-s maca tid nsen neddem-itent, nelmed-itent, nerfed-itent Yef tqucac iqerray nneY u d win itent-isnen kan i umi nefka azal gar-aneY! Neqqar-as iYra iẓwer. Win kan d-ineḍqen yisent yuYal sdat nneY, gar wallen nneY d uhdiq.
Nergel avrid nneY nerẓa asalu i win nsen, nunef i tfarkiwin nneY nefres tid nsen, nerra di ḍḍerf irgazen nneY nessali wid nsen. Nessumes avernus, nessared aqendur d ugennur. Nunef i uvendayer iqqim ur ihḍim, neddem s irebbi nneY dderbuka a nezhu.
Xarttum macci d yiwet.
Anecta ak fell-as ihi. Γef isem is akw i teḍra, i tevda. Γef isem is ara tekfu. Xas akka di myal tallit nefka yas isem is-d izgan, id-irran fell-as di tegnitt: trad, tilelli, amennuY, tasartit, izarfan n umdan, ikavaren, tugdut, tagrawla, tamaziYt, teqvaylit, timanit, taYmist, izarfan n tmeṭṭut, tafsut ama d tamellalt am a d taverkant. Nefka-as ak ismawen ala win-is n tidett. Win akken is d-izgan, d-irran fell-as. Win akken ittecebhen, is ifkan tahuski talqayant war agusim d ijujen, war taẓẓult.
Assa riY ad uYaleY ihi d sstut m levtut. Ad rreY tiqaraḍin u yerna ak-en zenzaY, ak-en feḍhaY. Ur ken teṣraY ara u fihel ma tefkam iy-id tundicin d ijeâvuven D ayen ihi a gma d ultma, ayen akka ak i Yef tt-ncud, tiyersi ara awen fsiY akka tura d ayen akken ahaqel tYunfam neY tugadem, d ayen akken tevYam war ma tennam-t-id. Ldit imeẓẓuYen nwen ihi a wen tt-in ssefruY. Anect-a akk id-iḍran, id-illan, id-nniY s lecwar n wawal d: azarug. D azarug, a gma. Akken ik ihwa sqecer-itt, akken ik ihwa qedder-itt, akken ik ihwa ftel-itt ad teqqim d nettat. D azarug. C’est l’indépendance, mon vieux! The independence, buddy!
AZARUG. Akka ih: A.Z.A.R.U.G. EyyaY ad tsuYeḍ yidi: A.Z.A.R.R.R.R.R.R.U.G!
Atan ihi smenḍfaY ayeddic nni nneY aqvur, fYeY awen-d tamadaYt iw. Kra akka nettali
nettṣubu, ntezzi ntenneḍ, d azarug i Yef nettnadi. TaYawsa ihi sya d afella ur iyi tettḍuru ara, awalen is ur iyi tetten ara. Init as ihi i uselway n unavad aqvayli uâdil, mass Ferhat, d uselway n umusu n timanit mass Ucebbi Vuâziz dacutt dacutt, xas akken anect-a ak Yef tiṭ nsen i illa. Init asen nera tamurt ara yili d tin nneY, nera aYervaz ara isseYren arrac nneY, nera taYdemt ara iqadren imdanen d izerfan nsen, nera adavu ara iqedcen Yef medden, ara isenden Yef medden, nera awanek ara d-irren lherma d isegh iY-ittwaksen si twaYit d-iḍran deg Icariḍen deg ussegass 1857. Init asen aql-aY yid-wen, aql-aY deffir nwen, sdat nwen, ar tama nwen. Kunwi d nekni, nekni d kunwi.
S uzarug kan ara nerfed iqerray nneY a nzux gar tmura, ara nekfu tuzma d ulummu deg nneY. Kan akka ara nehves tuccin deg ikesman d tvardiwin nneY. Ala s uzarug i nezmer a nefreẓ ayen illan d ayla nneY akken ad t-nehrez.


text:
Tadmayt
Tadmayt (isem-is nni aqdim aṛumi Camp-du-Maréchal) d tamdint n tawilayt n Tizi Uzzu, di Tamurt Taqbaylit, tella ar 18 km deg umalu n Tizi Uzzu dɣa ar 115 km deg ugmuḍ n Zzayer.
Tarakalt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Asideg[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Taɣiwant n Tadmayt tella deg umalu n twilayt n Tizi Uzzu.
Tudrin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Llant 21 n tuddar di tɣiwant n Tadmayt :
- Aɛfir
- Agni Ɛamruc
- At Xerca
- At Ḥemmu
- At Maɛmar
- At Warzeddin
- At Si Aɛmar
- At Saɛda
- At Sidi Smaɛil
- Aɛzib Iɣerbiyen
- Buzuyen
- El Meday
- Iḥiḍuṣen
- Icakalen
- Iɣerbiyen
- Kaf Leɛgab
- Tageruct
- Tala Malek
- Tizi N Waddu
- Tleta
- Yanene
Tatupunymit[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tadmayt s tmaziɣt anamek ines d tidikelt (neɣ tawsit n wufus), lamaɛna yesɛa anamek nniḍen : "tazdayt-takeḍwant", yuɣ lḥal adeg-aɣella n tɣiwant d azaɣar i zemren ad yili yegelgel (ingayen deg iseggwasen 1970 ar 80) anda yetɛeddi Asif n Sabaw. Daɣen Tadmayt tettwezzi s idurar, ayen yettak as timeẓri agi am tawsit n wufus.


text:
Tawilayt n Tbessa
Tawilayt n Tbessa d Tawilayt deg tmurt n Lezzayer. Zedɣen-tt 648 703 n yimezdaɣen. Ma d tajumma-ines tesɛa azal n 14 227 km². Tamanaɣt ines d tamdint n tbessa. Tawilayt-a tebḍa ɣef 12 n tdayriwin:
- Tadayra n Tbessa (Tbessa)
- Tadayra n Lekwif (Bekkareyya, Bulḥaf Ddir, Lekwif)
- Tadayra n Murseṭ (Murseṭ, Bir Ddheb)
- Tadayra n Lma Lebyeḍ (Leḥwiǧbat, Lma Lebyeḍ)
- Tadayra n Leɛwinat (Buxeḍra, Leɛwinat)
- Tadayra n Wenza (Ɛin Zzerga, Lemriǧ, Wenza)
- Tadayra n Bir Mqeddem (Ḥemmamat, Guorriguer (fr) , Bir Mqeddem)
- Tadayra n Bir Lɛater (Lɛegla Lmalḥa, Bir Lɛater)
- Tadayra n Lɛeqla (Lmezraɛa, Bedjene (fr) , Sṭeḥ Gentis, Lɛegla)
- Tadayra n Um Ɛli (Um Ɛli, Ṣefṣaf Lwesra)
- Tadayra n Negrin (Ferkan, Negrin)
- Tadayra n Ccriɛa (Ccriɛa, Tliǧan)


text:
Tenna Tasdawit tanamurt n uselmed (amnid adimukraṭ) ittwassnen s yisem n FNE. Ila yeggur ad ad tegg ijjen wegraw maḥend ad ssemɣaren zeg uselmad Muḥemmed Jellul. Ameggaru-ya i yesseɛdan xemsa iseggusa n leḥbes zegga ittwaṭṭef x umussu n 20 Febrayer deg Ayt Buɛeyyac. Awerni umi i d-iffeɣ, ijjen char ittwaṭṭef ɛawed, wami icrec deg unhezzi n Arrif.
FNE, tenna belli ixess ad as-d-rxun i Jellul d merra inekraf isertanen d ijurnalisten i yellan di Lmuɣrib. Ijjen zeg inekraf n Arrif i d-yeffeɣen zegga ttyarita, Muḥemmed Lmejjawi, ad yili d ijjen i ɣa iwcen awal-nnes deg wegraw-a. Aked uɣezdis-nnes Ɛaziz Γali, amɣar n AMDH d Ɛbderrezzaq Lidrisi, amara amatu n FNE.
FNE, yeggur aked ssandikat nniḍen, ad ggent ijjen ubeddi maḥend ad sɣuyyen x lḥukuma n Lmuɣrib. Qqarent ssadikat ila ddewla tameɣrabit teggur ad tareddej aselmed. Aked imxumbal nniḍen i di ittedder yiger n uselmed.
Tenna Tasdawit tanamurt n uselmed (amnid adimukraṭ) ittwassnen s yisem n FNE. Ila yeggur ad ad tegg ijjen wegraw maḥend ad ssemɣaren zeg uselmad Muḥemmed Jellul. Ameggaru-ya i yesseɛdan xemsa iseggusa n leḥbes zegga ittwaṭṭef x umussu n 20 Febrayer deg Ayt Buɛeyyac. Awerni umi i d-iffeɣ, ijjen char ittwaṭṭef ɛawed, wami icrec deg unhezzi n Arrif.


text:
D ij n lxedmet i ttuɣa i dd-immersen x facebook aṭṭas zi mani, axarres-a iḍelq-it-id Jamal Lɣazi, azlawi d unaẓur i yettɛicen di tmurt n Uliman. Axarres-a deɣya munen-dd x-as aṭṭas n izlawiyen d tezlawiyin di Arrif i yewwḍen ɣer kṭer zi settin idsen(t).
Adlis-a yefsar-it-id wammas n trezzutin d tezrawin di Arrif, iseggem-as tira Jawad Zzubeɛ d Muḥemmed Afqir ; Muḥemmed Rracidi d netta i dd-ixedmen x weɣlaf n udlis d weḍbaɛ ittwagg di teẓrigt n Ccix Ḥasan deg Wejda.
Adlis-a yus-dd ḥma ad ibedd aked yenni ihelken s uxenzir, deg yiger-a iqqar Jamal Lɣazi bab n uxarres « Wenn ihelken s uxenzir di Arrif niɣ d Lmuɣrib amen yekmel wer turi ca x tenyart-nnes ila qa netta aqqa-t aked tedyulujit-nnec maḥend ad kid-s tbedded […] S uya i dd-ḍelqeɣ aṭṭas n iseggusa zi mani, axarres n yidles ig ixeddmen tawedanit, minzi wer nzemmer a nebḍa jar midden ».


text:
Aṭan n ‘’temɣer n nnger’’, gan-as isem ‘’suprémacisme’’, ur illi d aṭan n umaḍal n zik, di tmura nniḍen kan. Illa di tmurt-nneɣ, ifka iẓuran.
Tamuɣli-nneɣ ɣef ‘’suprémacisme’’ ass-a, mačci akken ad nani tilkin n tmura nniḍen, ad neqqen allen ɣef yir tallit deg tella tmurt n Lezzayer. Tamuɣli-nneɣ agemmaḍ, akken ad d-naf tasarut i wayen illan deg wakal-nneɣ. Nnan, ma tgiḍ-as isem i waṭan, d abrid ɣer ḥellu.
Amezruy akked tamirt/actualité n tmura n ddunit ččuren d imedyaten n tɣennant n suprémacisme (1), aṭan ur nḥellu yebnan ɣef : « d nekk kan afra yilin nnig-k ».
Mačči yiwen wudem, neɣ yiwet tsebbiwt i yellan : d aẓar akked idammen ‘’yifen wiyaḍ’’, d tamurt ‘’d-ikkan nnig tayeḍ’’, d tutlayt ‘’yifen tayeḍ’’, d ddin ‘’yufraren nnig wayeḍ’’…
Mačči yiwet tḥilett swayes serwaten yemdanen akken ad ṭṭfen tasawent, ad rren ddaw-nsen wiyaḍ, lǧiran-nsen, neɣ taggara ad… ten-snegren s ujenwi, abarud, lbumbat, d yal tawaɣit nniḍen.
Tadyant n Ukrainia n wass-a, i yerɣan ihudden s lbumbat n Russia yal ass, d udem n suprémacisme ‘’grand Russe’’. Tasertit n Poutine ur teffir abrid-is : tamurt n Ukrainia ur telli d tamurt, ad tili kan ddaw tecḍat n Russia, neɣ ad tenger. Lbumbat n Russia ur zgilent ula d igran akked itrakturen ikerrzen, akken ad d-sseɣlin laẓ ɣef tmurt-nni (2).
Di yal tamurt anda llan yemdanen yemgaraden deg wudem (imellalen, iberkanen, iwraɣen iqehwiyen), deg uẓar n uɣref ansi d-frurxen, di tutlayt, di ddin, neɣ deg wakal deg llan (at udrar, at uzaɣar,…), d tanamit tkeččem twekka i ssimɣuren kra akken ad t-rren d ugur ameqqran iteddun ad ifru s ṭṭrad, idammen, akked nnger n wi neɣ wiyaḍ.
Tawekka n yir tasertit tettaɣ iberdan yeggten, yemgaraden akken ad ssiɣen times gar yemdanen, anda ulac sebba n tmes.
Ugur yettimɣur ugar mi ara tilli yiwet tama turez adabu, terra-t d ayla-s, akken ad tifrir nnig wiyaḍ, izerfan i nutni, ṛṛay i nutni, trika d tezmert n laâsker i nutni ; taggara ad arun temɣer-nni di tmenḍawt-nsen.
Ma d wid illan adda, iqqim-asen-d ad knun neɣ ad nfun, ad ffɣen tamurt. Amedya n tsertit n imellalen deg apartheid di tmurt n Tefrikt n Wanẓul (Afrique du Sud) issaweḍ miḥyaf ɣer talast ; taggara teɣli tsertit-nni di 1992, ibedd Mandela aberkan d aselway acḥal iseggasen.
Ur d-nessekfal iɣsan n wid akk yemmuten si tmuɣli-ya n suprémacisme, maca ad d-nessuk tamuɣli n imedyaten imeqqranen deg umezruy :
- Ṭṭrad asemmaḍ (guerre froide) n 50 iseggasen gar Ataram (occident) akked umaḍal n Wagmuḍ (Est communiste) ibna ɣef tsertit. Yal yiwen iqqar « d tasertit-iw i yelhan », syin d abrid n ṭṭrad si yal tama, s tmura nniḍen, di tsuddest-nni n ‘’endiguement/containment’’. Ṭṭrad n Vietnam d yiwen deg-sen ; d imelyunen n yemdanen i yemmuten ddaw lbumbat n Marikan, ɣef tɣennant.
- Mi yegrurej umaḍal n kuminist, tamurt n yugoslavia tebḍa ɣef tmura i yellan zdint, yal yiwet tuɣ abrid-is (Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia, Macedonia, …). Mazal frin, tamurt n Serbia n Milosevic tewwet ad tessenger tamurt n Bosnia-Herzegovania, akken Iserbyen ad aɣen tasawent, s tmuɣli-nni n ‘’grand Serbe’’. Anwa ur nesli s twaɣit (génocide) n Srebrenica di 1995 (3) ?
- Taggara n temhersa (fin de la colonisation) di Tefrikt ur d-tegli s talwit. Yal tamurt teskefl-d uguren yellan, gar imezdaɣ n tmurt, neɣ gar-as d lǧiran-is, ɣef tlisa, tutlayt, neɣ aẓar n imezdaɣ-is. Tadyant n Rwanda di 1994 (4), tessaweḍ tawaɣit ɣer wanda ur issarem yiwen ad d-tuɣal. Nnig 800 000 yemdanen i yemmuten, amur ameqqran deg-sen d Itusiyen, s ufus n watmaten-nsen Ihututen. Tismin, taɣennant ffɣent annar n talwit, kecment aḥḍun n ṭtrad s udebbuz, tagelzimt akked ujenwi…
- Aṭan n suprémacisme ur izgil tamurt. Di 1980, tamurt n Irak i yella yeḥkem Saddam Hussein tesker ṭṭrad akked tmurt n Iran ; d timsizzelt gar-asen anwa ad d-iṭṭfen tasawent. Di yal tama d taɣennant-nni, akka d tin n ‘’grand Persan’’, akkin d ‘’grand Arabe’’. 8 iseggasen n ṭṭrad, snegren timura-nsen. Mi kan tefra ur tefri gar-asen, Saddam Hussein ifka timesrufag s lbumbat n takrura (bombes chimques n hypérite) ɣer tiɣremt n Halabja di Kurdsitan (5). Inɣa din nnig 5000 yemdanen, imeẓyanen, imɣaren, timɣarin. I Saddamm Hussein, Ikurdiyen mačči d imdanen, mačči d aɣref s izerfan-is, issefk ad mmten neɣ ad ilin ddaw uḍar n Waâraben.
Suprémacisme di tmurt n Lezzayer
- Di tmurt n Lezzayer, tamsalt n suprémacisme tuɣ abrid-nniḍen. Talast gar wid n ufella akked wid n wadda, mačči d aẓar, mačči d tutlayt, mačči d ddin, Acku yiwet/yiwen i yellan. Ulac iɣisi di tmurt, ɣas llant snat tutlayin deg ubrid (tamaziɣt akked darǧa (i d-ilulen seg uẓar n tmaziɣt akked taârabt). Talast ibḍan Izzayriyen ɣef sin yeḥricen : d tin illan gar wid illan di FLN, wid i yeṭṭfen adabu nnig 50 iseggasen, akked wid ur ngi asɣen akked at udabu, i yeqqimen berra.
- Akka, tamurt tebḍa ɣef sin : tabburt n udabu teldi kan i wid d-ifkan aẓar si tegrawla n 1954-1962, ɣas amur ameqqran d asekkak, akked iserdasen i yellan d tagejdit n udabu. D asalu-ya i yettleqqimen yal tikkelt, ɣas adabu yettbeddil udem s yemdanen, abrid yiwen (6). Ulac isem n umgared gar tallit n Boumediene, Chadli, Bouteflika, neɣ ineggura-ya. D yiwen udrum i itezzin tiḥjurin, « win itturaren d Ḥmida, win ireccmen d Ḥmida ».
- D urar-nni i yessenhez umussu n furar 2019, ma d at udabu ẓran d nnger-nsen i d-iteddun, acku asalu yenjer, aḥemmal ad d-iteddu.
- Tamezwarut n tmezwura, amussu d-iteddun, issefk ad ikkes di tazwara « suprémacisme » n « la famille révolutionnaire ». Din i yella uẓar n timmist, akken azekka ur ttwarzen ara yemdanen di leḥbus ɣef tikta-nsen, ur ttmettaten ara di leḥbus yemdanen s ucayaḍ, am Hakim Debbazi i d-iǧǧan tlata warraw-is d igujilen.
Aumer U Lamara
Timerna / Notes :
1) Le suprémacisme est une idéologie de supériorité et de domination : elle affirme qu’une certaine catégorie de personnes est supérieure aux autres et doit les dominer ou les asservir, ou est en droit de le faire. La classe de gens supposée supérieure peut être définie par une race, un sexe, une classe, une civilisation, une culture, une langue, une religion ou autre système de croyances…
C’est ainsi une notion qui réunit toutes les formes particulières de croyances en la supériorité ou la domination naturelle d’une catégorie d’êtres sur les autres, simplement parce que l’on appartient ou est censé appartenir à cette catégorie, réelle ou supposée.
2) « Les troupes russes minent les champs en Ukraine, font exploser des machines agricoles, détruisant les réserves de carburant nécessaires aux semis. Le manque d’exportations (de blé) de l’Ukraine frappera de nombreux peuples dans le monde... » V. Zelensky, président de l’Ukraine. In Le Monde dilomatique, mai 2022, le spectre de la famine, page 7.
3) Le massacre de Srebrenica, également appelé génocide de Srebrenica, désigne le massacre de plus de 8 000 hommes et adolescents bosniaques dans la région de Srebrenica, en Bosnie-Herzégovine, au mois de juillet 1995, durant la guerre de Bosnie-Herzégovine. Ces tueries ont été perpétrées par des unités de l’armée de la république serbe de Bosnie (VRS) sous le commandement du général Ratko Mladić, appuyées par une unité paramilitaire de Serbie, les Scorpions, pourtant dans une ville déclarée « zone de sécurité » par l’Organisation des Nations unies (ONU).
4) Le génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda se déroule du 7 avril au 17 juillet 1994. Ce génocide s’inscrit historiquement dans un projet génocidaire latent depuis plusieurs décennies, à travers plusieurs phases de massacres de masse. L’assassinat du président rwandais le 6 avril 1994 déclenche le génocide des Tutsis par les extrémistes Hutu.
L’ONU estime qu’environ 800 000 Rwandais, en majorité tutsi, ont perdu la vie durant ces trois mois. D’une durée de cent jours, ce fut le génocide le plus rapide de l’histoire et celui de plus grande ampleur quant au nombre de morts par jour.
5) Le massacre de Halabja (Kurdistan) est un massacre par arme chimique de la population civile de la ville kurde de Halabja, dans la province d’As-Sulaymaniya (Kurdistan irakien). Il a eu lieu du 16 au 19 mars 1988. Environ 5 000 Kurdes périrent dans des attaques chimiques au gaz perpétrées sous l’ordre d’Ali Hassan al-Majid (dit « Ali le Chimique »), cousin de Saddam Hissein.
6) Yiwem lmuḥafeḍ n FLN inna-yas deg iseggasen-nni n 1980 : « nekkni nella kan i leḥkem, ɣas ur nessin ad nexdem ayen nniḍen, amkan-nnaɣ di leḥkem kan ». Tusa-yasen-d tgelda ɣef tmurt deg idammen !


text:
Vendredi 29 octobre 2021
Deffir times, d nnger i d-iqqimen, neɣ d asirem ?
Tilawin srusunt aman d wučči berra n taddart i yefrax, uccanen, …
Amek i tezmer tmurt n Leqbayel ad d-tuɣal ɣer tudert si nnger n tmes n ɣect 2021 (1) ?
Awal amezwaru yefra : mačči d ḥamu n ugama (réchauffement climatique) i yesserɣen tamurt. D afus i yesserɣen tamurt, d tuddsa n yemdanen, mačči yiwen neɣ sin. Ar ass-a ur iban anwa i yefkan times di yal tama, ddaw tuddar, nnig tuddar, kkaten si tiɣilt ɣer tayeḍ neɣ seg igenni, akken ad rɣent tuddar, ad rɣent tferkiwin, ad tenger tmurt.
Ar ass-a mazal ttmettaten di sbitarat wid yerɣan deg yexxamen-nsen. Ma d taɣdemt n tmurt tessusem, mazal tesbibbi trennu tiyita i yimeɣnasen n MAK !
D ayen ur nelli.
Yiwen usafar i d-tettak tmurt n Leqbayel, d zzit uzemmur i yessidiren acḥal n twaculin, ass-a asafar-nni zun yenger. Imussnawen nnan-t-id : « si sya ar 10 neɣ 15 iseggasen, ma drus, akken ad d-tuɣal lɣella n tmurt am tin n useggas n 2020 ! ».
Wid i yas-ixerzen tiyita i tmurt n Leqbayel mačči d ibujaden. Ssnen amezruy n tmurt, ẓran ansi yessefk ad tekk tyita akken tamurt ad tekref tagecrirt, ad tessers iman-is di tnekra n furar 2019 : wten ad ẓẓun laẓ akked unezgum di tmurt, ad kksen asirem n uzekka.
Tawaɣit, akken sserɣen yemcumen-nni tamurt di 2021 i zemren ad tt-sserɣen di 2022, di 2023…
Maca wid i yesserɣen ur ssinen tamurt akken i tella deg iẓuran-is, nitni ẓerren kan tamurt s tiṭ n berra, d tamuɣli n temhersa/listiaâmer.
Tella deg umezruy tedyant-nni, tirezzaf-nni n Albert Camus ɣer tmurt n Leqbayel di yunyu 1939 (2). Di tira-s mi d-yuɣal ɣer Lezzayer, Camus ur iffir iṭij s uɣerbal, inna-d tidett ɣef laẓ d laâra yeččan tamurt di tallit-nni, inna-d anta i d tamentit/sebba : d tamehersa n Fransa. Inna-d ayen iččan ul-is di lbaṭel-nni i yufa di tmurt :
« Nek ad iniɣ, wid d-iqqaren ass-a Leqbayel uɣen tanamit n laẓ d laâra, ur stahlen leqder sɣur-i. Wid d-iqqaren ass-a aɣref aqbayli ur issarem rbeḥ d lehna, am yal aɣref, si tama-w ur stahlen leqder… D ayen issewhamen, amek ayen akk yufraren deg uɣref aqbayli sqedcen-t (wid iḥekmen imir-nni = Fransa) akken ad qqnen ugar aɣref-nni, amek lmizan n ifellaḥen iqbayliyen, d ayen i yasen-igan ccan, ass-a sqedcen-t wid illan afella akken aɣref ad irnu ad iqbel ugar laẓ i t-iččan ». (A. Camus)
Sin wagguren deffir tirezzaf n Albert Camus, yendeh ṭṭrad ameqqran (Seconde Guerre mondiale) deg wass n 1 ctamber 1939 (3). Ifellahen-nni yečča laẓ, ṭṭrad d-irnan yerna tardast ɣer zdat, si laẓ akkin : ayen akk yellan d imendan (irden, timzin, …) i d-ittak uzaɣar n tmurt yenger, yuɣ abrid n waman, deg iɣerruba/bateaux ɣer Urupa. Tamurt n Leqbayel teqqim i laẓ, ttazzalen yemdanen s yeɣyal akked iserdan ɣer uzaɣar akken ad d-ḥebblen kra n imuden n temẓin n marcinwar/marché noir.
Awal anagi inna-t yiwen wergaz i yellan di tallit-nni yeznuzu naâma di tmurt ufella, illa d ameɣnas n PPA :
« di lweqt-nni aberkan, tiḥuna d tilmawin, leswaq ssewḥacen, ur llin yirden, ur llint temzin i taǧewt. Yusa-d lqayed, ibedd zdat tebburt n tḥanutt tilemt, inna-yi-d : « keč a leflani tettwassneḍ d aâdaw n Fransa. Ulayɣer tessutreḍ akken ad ak-d-fken ad tezzenzeḍ buṭayma/ ravitaillement ; ur ak-t-di-ttaken ara. Ihi, tura yeqqim-ak-d kan ad tezzenzeḍ idɣaɣen ! » ».
Si 1939 armi d 1954, tamurt tewweḍ anda ur d-tettuɣal, si laẓ, aṭan n tifis/typhus i yeglan acḥal akked uqeẓẓul n lqeyyad d icambiḍen. Ɣas akken, tufa afud deg yidles-is, swayes teddekwal, tekker d tamara, tedda akessar d usawen di ṭṭrad-nni n 1954 armi d 1962.
Ass-a di 2021, tamurt n Leqbayel tuɣal ɣer liḥala-nni n 1939.
Di herrwel n tmes di yal tama, imdanen kkren, meẓẓi meqqer, kkren ad qablen tawaɣit i ten-id-iwḍen. Yal yiwen yufa-d iman-is yettzuxxu s yelmeẓyen-nni yettqabalen times s ifassen d ilmawen, wid yefkan iman-nsen akken ad tidir tmurt-nsen. Yal yiwen yufa mazal tella tmurt teddukel, tella tagmatt teffer, ur tt-issenger deg idammen-is udabu n FLN usekkak si 1962.
Teqqim-d ass-a tuttra akken ad d-igzem ubrid n nnger :
Amek ad d-ilal wayen ara yesdduklen tamurt akkin i tallalt/solidarité tameqqrant n wussan n tmes ?
Amek ara tqabel tmurt wid iwten ad tt-rẓen deg wammas, akken ad teknu, ad tekref, ad teggani tiyitwin nniḍen d-iteddun di 2022, 2023… ?
Afud amezwaru d tarwa n tmurt, d ilmeẓyen-is i d afrag akken ad tidir tmurt azekka. D nitni ara yekksen akukru n uzekka. Issefk ad d-ilal yidles amaynut/culture de renouveau, win ara yezdin yal asɣen gar yemdanen akken ad iddu d aẓeṭṭa ur nfessi (produire des réflexes de défense durables afin de contrer les agressions actuelles et futures et transformer cet élan de solidarité en culture de renouveau).
Abrid-is d iseɣ, d tafenṭazit s tmurt-nsen, akken ad d-tlal tdamsa/économie tilellit, tin ur neqqin ɣer tleqqimt n udabu i yessaherwen yir abrid n tjeaâlin d usekkak/corruption si 1962.
D tadamsa i d asalu ara d-islalen idles ilelli, win ad iffɣen akkin i wedrar, ad issiɣ i yizuɣar n tmurt si talast n Merruk ar talast n Tunes.
Iberdan n tneflit/développement mačči yiwen :
Talalit n uɣerbaz akked usedwel amaynut, win ad ildin admeɣ n imeẓyanen i tmussni n umaḍal isedduyen ɣer zdat,
Asbeddi n tddukliwin di yal amkan, di yal annar, d aẓeṭṭa gar yemdanen ur negguni ‘’adabu’’,
Talalit n lbankat timeẓyanin di yal tiɣremt (banques communutaires et micro-crédits) d afud i yelmeẓyen deg usurif-nsen amezwaru di tdamsa,
Talalit n ubrid amaynut di tddukliwin n iminigen/émigration i yellan di yal tamurt (Fransa, Canada, …) akken ad beddent tama n tuddar-nsent, n lbankat n tɣermin-nsent, n iɣerbazen akken ad tekcem tmussni d tirni.
Di yal tigawt/action, akken tebɣu tili meẓziyet di tazwara, azekka ad yimɣur uḥemmal n tregwa, d win ad d-islalen idles asertan/culture politique amaynut n tugdut ibedden ɣef tidett.
Ass-a, adabu yellan di Lezzayer, issefk ad yeǧǧ Izzayriyen ad bnun tudert-nsen di tmurt-nsen. Issefk ad imdel tibbura n leḥbas, ad d-ffɣen wid yettwaṭṭfen ɣef tmurt-nsen, ad yeǧǧ tarwa n tmurt d ilelliyen ad bnun tamurt-nsen.
Issefk adabu ad ibeddel aẓar, ad irekkel s yidles n tmurt mačči ad ibedd ɣef tezmert n wuzzal, amelyun n iserdasen, les chars akked tmesrufag n tmes. Illa deg wawal, yal times tettuɣal-d taggara ɣer win i tt-yessaɣen.
1939 – 2021, d amecwar ameqqran !
Tamurt n Leqbayel ur tessin tallit n lehna si send/qbel 1939, neɣ akkin-akkin i yiseggasen n 1830. D tarwa-s kan ad tt-igen d afud n tmurt n Lezzayer, tin i d-yuɣen aẓar seg umezruy aqbur, akkin i tallit n Cirta.
Timerna / Notes :
1) Amagrad-a/article, yura di tazwara i temlilit « Quelle solidarité pour la Kabylie ? » ; rencontre des mercredis de l’ACB (Association de Culture Berbère, Paris), du 27 octobre 2021 (voir Facebook).
2) Enquête d’Albert Camus en Kabylie, pour le compte du journal Alger Républicain, du 5 au 15 juin 1939, et publiée sous le titre « Misère de la Kabylie ».
“Il est méprisable de dire que le peuple kabyle s’adapte à la misère. Il est méprisable de dire que ce peuple n’a pas les mêmes besoins que nous… Il est curieux de voir comment les qualités d’un peuple peuvent servir à justifier l’abaissement où on le tient et comment la frugalité proverbiale du paysan kabyle est appelée à justifier la faim qui le ronge”. A. Camus.
3) 1er septembre 1939, déclenchement de la deuxième guerre mondiale. Réquisition totale de la production céréalière algérienne par le pouvoir colonial pour l’envoyer en Europe. Les indigènes, et particulièrement les montagnards de Kabylie et d’ailleurs, avaient été affamés.


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Ijjen wergaz qqaren-as Ismael Nanfo Diaby, ijbed-d ijjen umherwaḍ d ameqqran di tmurt-nnes, di tegduda n Giniya. Argaz-a bu 48 iseggusa, ittẓalla s ijjen tebridt weḥḥed-s, iqqar tisuratin n Lqurɛan s yiles n tyemmat-nnes, Malinké.
“Mayemmi xseɣ ad ẓalleɣ tẓallit tameslemt s Tmalinkét, d amezwaru umi beɛda d iles-inu, ssawaleɣ zzag-s, d wenni fehhmeɣ ḥsen zi Teɛrabt.” D aya inna netta i BBC.
Netta amek yeqqar, kul ijjen ixess ad iẓall s yiles-nnes i ifehhem mliḥ. S uyenni, Nanfo Diaby wer izemmer ad iẓall s ijjen yiles wer t-ifehhem qqaɛ [zeɛma Taɛrabt].
“Ssneɣ belli Sidi Rebbi ifehhem merra ilsawen”. I daneɣ-yenna.
“Ɛemmers wer ɣriɣ di Lqurɛan belli neccin ixess-aneɣ a neẓall s Teɛrabt. Mamec wer ɣriɣ ca mani ca di Lqurɛan ila mala nẓull s ca n yiles bla Taɛrabt, ataf tẓallit-nneɣ wer tettwiqbil”. Irni inna.
Manaya i yegga Nanfo Diaby wer iɛjib ca i merra iwdan. Ca n yimselmen iwerṭuduksiyen, ttwalan-t axmi d “azballaɣ”.
“Wami bdiɣ lxedmet-a, iwdan wer fhimen ca tabridt-inu. Ca zzag-sen ttwalan-ayi d azballaɣ waha, axmi zeɛma iɛdawen n lislam tticen-ayi zeɛma ttmenyat bac ad ceyyneɣ fuṭu n ddin.”, i yenna i BBC.
Axarres-a igga yimxumbal di temdint-nnes, di Kakan, idwel ssawalen x-as di merra jjurnalat n tmurt-nnes. Iɛdawen n Ismael Nanfo Diaby ggin tizemmar bac wer t-ttejjin ca ad iẓall s Tmalinkét. Tamezyida-nnes redlen-as-tt.
Mass Diaby sekken-t ɣer leḥbes minzi igga arrwina, ittwamneɛ ad iẓall di berra. Maca waxxa amenni, iqqim ittẓalla s yiles-nnes di taddart mani ittawa.
Min iqqar lislam x tẓallit s ijjen yiles-nniḍen bla Taɛrabt?
Aselmad Mamadou Moctar Diallo i yellan d aselmad di tesdawit n Lansana Conté di Conakry; isselmad tiɣermiwin imquddan. Alaḥsab min iqqar ila qa tẓallit ixess uɣil a tili s Teɛrabt. Ittbedda x wefham-nnes i weḍris uɣris (texte sacré) n yimselmen ittwaḥsaben axmi d awal n Rebbi.
“Sidi Rebbi inna nican di Lqurɛan ila lqurɛan d Aɛrab maca wer yenni ca belli lqurɛan ihwa-d s Teɛrabt. Ittsemma s ijjen wawal nniḍen, mala Lqurɛan ittwassuɣel ɣer ijjen yiles-nniḍen bla Teɛrabt, wer nzemmer a t-neḥseb d Lqurɛan”.
Isfekker-d belli areqqas Muḥemmed, ittwaḥsaben d netta issersen ssunna ɣer yimselmen, ɛemmers wer iẓill s ca n yiles-nniḍen bla Taɛrabt, wer yejji ca i yismunen-nnes d imeddukal-nnes ad ẓallen s yilsawen-nnsen (minzi ttuɣa akid-s inni wer illin ca d Aɛɛraben).
Mass Diallo isfekker-d ɛawed ila qa isuɣal zemmren ad ffɣen x lmeɛna n weḍris n Lqurɛan. Issiwel-d x udlis i tura Dr. Chadia Trabelsi umi tegga azwel “tamxemubelt n usuɣel n Lqurɛan”. “iggur a teẓrem belli Dr Trabelsi tesmqudda jar rebɛa n tsuɣal ittwassnen s Tefransist x tsurat n Nnur. Da tɣuri-nni i tegga iggur a teẓrem belli din amsebḍi di 14 n layat di tsurat di icten. Amsebḍi-ya maci ḥa d ameẓẓyan waha, maca yemɣer bezzaf.”
Mamadou Moctar Diallo yeqqar belli tiɣuri n Lqurɛan s ijjen yiles bla Taɛrabt immers-d deg umezruy n Lislam maca deɣya ufin-as afessay.
“Ddegg-a n tmeslayt ugin x-as imussnawen Aɛɛraben d inni wer illin ca d Aɛɛraben ameknaw Ifarisiyen zi lqern wis tnayen ahijri.”
Maca waxxa amenni, inɛem ila qa dduɛa izemmer ad yili s mamec mma yegga ca n yiles.
D aɣewwaɣ zi temẓi
Baba-s ttuɣa yessen i Teɛrabt, maca Nanfo Diaby ilmed lqurɛan s usekkil n Nko.
Nko d ijjen usekkil yegg-it Agini Solomana Kanté maḥend ad yili d ijjen usistim n uzemmem ittraḥen aked wenṭaq n yilsawen Imandigen.
“Wer ssineɣ ad ɣreɣ niɣ ad ariɣ s Teɛrabt. Baba ila ibda isselmed-ayi maca wer siɣiɣ ca”. D netta ittfekker-d.
Maca ɛawed ila yugi ad ikemmel tiɣuri-nnes di temzgida n tɣuri alaḥsab timessiridin n Tefransist.
“Ɛeqleɣ ijjen wass nniɣ-as i uselmad i daneɣ-icarreḥ awal n “maison” s yiles-nneɣ, nniɣ-as mayemmi wer daneɣ-tetteqqared nicana s yiles i nfehhem merra. Iwet-ayi, s uyenni i ugiɣ ad raḥeɣ ad saliɣ tɣuri.” Iḍeffer inna.
Umi yukez baba-s ila mmi-s d imɛewwes, xenni issekk-it ɣer Kankan, ɣer Xal-s. Dinni mani Nanfo aḥudri ilmed isekkilen n Nko. Xal-s islemd-as-ten. Maca Ismael Nanfo isseddara aselmed n usistim-a n uzemmem n tira.
Leḥbes x lḥurnet n tira
Di leḥbes, Ismael Nanfo yufa din aṭṭas n yiwdan i iḍfaren tabridt-nnes, iqqar belli din i yegga tiẓallitin-nnes s Tmalinkét.
Aɣimi-nnes di tebniqt yejj-it ad yari tiẓallitin-nnes s yiles-nnes. Adlis-nnes yura-t amen yekmel s usekkim n Nko.
“Ass-a ɣer-i ijjen temzgida n tɣuri mani tticceɣ timessirdin s yiles n Nko. Wer ttbiddeɣ ca ɣer ddin waha”. I yenna Nanfo i BBC.
“Ɣer-i imeḥḍaren qqaɛ wer llin d imselmen, ca zzag-sen d Irumiyen ca zzag-sen lla”, d netta irni awal-nnes x uya.


text:
Takmant n melyun dular, niɣ mala nerzu a nini tidet, melyun d wezgen ɛad, ad teffeɣ di lmecta-ya di Shangay.
Lebda neqqar aqa ttsebbaben day-neɣ s tkumam-a n Kuruna. Ijjen tecdaḍt n tcuqet teḍfes, turem. Wer dag-s ula d azgen n tseɛɛet n lxedmet maca tettmenza s wanict n min tsekk°a tfunast d yelli-s akid-s.
Maca rbix ameqqran a tig Isaac Levy, ijjen bu-wureɣ di temdint-a n Cina. Mamec i ɣa tili tekmant-a n melyun? Yenna belli tettawi 250g n wureɣ d 3500 n idyamanten. Ula d filter rrin-as taynit. Ad yili zi marka N-99. Wexxa a das-tinid d taqessert. Netta Levy yeqqar belli axarres-a ifekk-it zeg umxumbel n usizi. Ixdem x-as netta d ixeddamen-nnes bac a tt-ikemmel qbel ad yeffeɣ usegg°as.


text:
Tikkulya – « Esclavage »
Gibran Khalil Gibran
Asmuḥyet : Hace Mess
Yebril 2020
Imdanen lulen-d d aklan i ddunit, d irebbi i lhem d uɣunzu, d asfel i tedrimt yeqqlen d Iṛebbiten anda kulci yebna s wakal. Tikkulya d acercuṛ yesmarayen ddɣel d lehṣed deg uzal-nsen, imeṭṭi d yidim deg wuḍan-nsen.
Sebea n leqṛun i ieeddan seg wasmi i d-wwḍeɣ ɣer ddunit, seg wasmi i d-ffɣeɣ si ulac ɣer irebbi n wurfan d uḥebber. Seg wass-nni ar assa, i d-mmugreɣ deg ubrid-iw ala aklan yeknan s taẓeyt n yigenni d yimeḥbas yettwarzen s snasel i ttawin deg wallaɣen yeḥfan.
Bdiɣ tikli seg umalu ɣer usammar, si tizi ɣer tniri, lḥiɣ ḥafi i tili n tudet d tafat s i teldi iberdan i wussan, walaɣ timura akked yigduden ddan d iqeffafen, wa deffir wa, nneec ɣef tuyat, d abrid ɣer tmeqbart anda ara meḍlencafriwen n tlelli, tilelli igezren s lebɣi n ssyad-nsen. Walaɣ imdanen ffɣen-d seg yifri d ṭṭlam ideg i zedɣen, teddun ɣef rebea akken ad sbedden ixammen deg yigran n leic, deg yiḥerqan yeqqlen d iḍerfan i yidammen yessulin tagelda s tidi d leetab n wiyiḍ… D acu kan ar assa ur d-ufiɣ ara imdanen i ibedden : i walaɣ ala tuyat yeknan seddaw taẓeyt n uzaglu, iɣallen yettwarzen s snasel n ddel d uɣunzu ; i walaɣ ala uzzal yerran ccwami d ticraḍ i lebda, tigecrar yeknan sdat ssyadi yeṭṭfen lebḥer d luḍa ; walaɣ mazal ttwaliɣ igelliden n yiderwicen yeẓẓiẓẓinen s yiɣsan n widen i asen-yettarran asemmiḍ akkin…
Ḍefreɣ amdan si Babylone ɣer Paris, si tmurt n Leqbayel ɣer New York, i d-yeğğa s deffir-s ala limara n snasel yezzuɣur ɣef ṛṛmel, iɣsan ibubb ɣer tama n yidim n uḍar yeddan ḥafi. Beddeɣ,ɣer tizi selleɣ ahu n tsusmi d-turew teẓgi, tawrirt i d-yettarran ṣṣut n yal imeṭṭi ur ufin irebbi deg wallen, ul i wumi zlan tafat. Beddeɣ sellaɣ lexyal yettru ɣef yal tayri yettwameḍlen, aseḍṣu yettwaɣeḍmen s tefrut ttakken d tarzaft i kennu n tlelli, tayri yeqqlen d asfel i wungifen.
* * *
Kecmeɣ ɣer daxel n lebruj, leğwamee ur yezdiɣ Rebbi, lemqamat yekkaten tifiwa i yigenni, iɣerbazen ideg tenfa tmussni ; beddeɣ sdat n ukersi yefkan tazmart i ugellid yeččuren d leeyub, ixxamen n ccree yerran snasel d axelxal i umeslub ; wallaɣ llebsa rsan s at leḥkum d widen yeččan leetab n ugdud ; walaɣ učči i d-yersen ɣef uerur n widen yectaqen talqimt… Di yal tarkunt n tudert ala azeglu d kennu : walaɣ axeddam d akli n umeellem, ameellem d akli n userti, winna yesseqdacen tasertit d akli n uesekriw, aesekriw d akli n ugellid, agellid d akli n at ddin, at ddin d aklan n yiṛebbiten , iṛebbiten d aerak n waluḍ ifeṣlen ccwaṭen d lejnun, iṛuḥaniyen i d-yessufɣen deg eennuẓ ayen ur yezdiɣ rruḥ, d axmir s wudem yeqqlen d Rebbi yersen ɣef tiɣilit yebnan s wacḥal d aqecrur.
Kecmeɣ ɣer yixxamen n yimerkantiyen, widen yesean tazmert d uṣurdi, kecmeɣ ɣer utemmu anda yezdaɣ yigellil d win ur yufin aṣurdi yeflan ; beddeɣ sdat leḥyuḍ yebnan s lmerğan uzwiɣ, tixxamin i iṛeqqmen s tidi n widen yettrun ; refdeɣ aqerruy-iw ɣer ssqef yessan s ddheb d lfeṭṭa i icebbḥen yal tiɣmart, beddeɣ sdat n terkunt i yettiqqin deg yixxamen i iselɣen s tumlilt, anda yal amḍiq yettarra-d anza n lmut, udem n lḥif d layas, uzzu n tugdi d ddel : Walaɣ agrud i tteṭṭeḍ di tebbuct n yemma-s izir amenzu i as-yettaken lğehd akken ad yili d akli i ṣṣelṭan ;Walaɣ ilemẓiyen lemden kennu di tutlayin ur asen-tefki yemma-tsen ;Tiqcicin ttlusent lqec n ddel ara tent-yerren d tiɣawsin sdat uṣurdi, d tadist ara yettarwen am yiɣersiwen ;Walaɣ tilawin s tezmert d ṣṣifa, ẓẓlent deg wusu n ṭṭaea d nniyya, usu n ddel d uɣunzu, usu ara yerren afwad-nsent d anu ideg ara imeṭṭel urgaz urfan n tudert ;Walaɣ imeɣban ɣef tgecrar ssuturen ijifer n tudert deg ufus tuɣ tbeeeuct d tiṣeḍṛi, afus i as-yezḍan acḥal d tamrart i tlelli…
* * *
Ḍefreɣ tasuta seg yixxamen n Yiqbayliyen ɣer Lesquf i imecḥen igenni di Marikan. Deg ubrid-iw kkiɣ taftist yeqqlen d ssxab i tniri, isaffen n Nil, idurar n Sinay di Maṣer, tizenqatin n Venise, Agni n Athène akked tmezdayin n Rome. Walaɣ tikkulya tedda d yiqeffafen n tugdi i imecḥen aɣebbar si tṛuẓi, knan ɣef tgecrar, ttẓallan ɣef yilem semman-as Rebbi ; Walaɣ tikkulya smarayen-as ccrab d lmesk ɣer yiḍarren, fkan-as isem n ugellid ; Ṣerɣayen leember sdat ufexxar yeqqden s yirij n wurfan, semman-as nnbi ;Kennun sdat-s, rran tikmamin i yimawen, semman-as lqanun ;S yissem-is sekren ṭṭrad, neqqen wiyiḍ, semman-as amennuɣ ɣef tmurt ;Zlan tilawin, ḥejbent tiqcicin, kerzen laxert s ujenwi d tiselbi, semman-as Lğihad ;Qqlen d ulac sdat tiṛɣi-s, zenzen fell-as tiwiztin, uɣen-d leeyub, semman-s zzhu n tudert ;Serɣayen ixxamen, sengaren tudrin d tmura, semman-as tadrimt d uṣurdi…Walaɣ tikkulya tettlus iceṭṭiḍen n widen yemmuten, tettaḍṣa ɣef widen i tt-ieebden, tsemma-yasen aklan.
Tikkulya mačči yiwen n yisem i tesea, acu kan yiwet n tidet i tt-id-yessenṭaqen, mačči yiwen n wudem i tt-iweṣfen, acu kan yiwen n lmeqsud i tt-yesbedden. Yella wayen yugaren aya, tikkulya d aṭṭan i izedɣen talsa si zman aqdim alama tenger ddunit. Tikkulya d aḍɣer yettsummun tafat anda tebrekt teẓẓel abernus-is, d aceṭṭiḍ n buberrak yeqqlen d taṛuẓi, d tisfi anda rruḥ ur yezmir i waddud imi yessemɣay di tfidi yebɣan lesrar n yiɣes. Tikkulya d aṭṭan yettafen aẓar deg waddud d unexẓur, argaz yettağǧa-tt-id d lamana i mmi-s akken tettak tmeṭṭut rruḥ i ugrud mi ara tili s tadist. Tikkulya tteẓẓun-tt deg wussan n tudert akken ad teğğuğeg deg yiẓekwan ɣezzen i tlelli, ad temɣi akken tgemmu tebrekt mi tesseblae tizi iṭij yeṭṭef lweḥc deg yigenni… Mi d-yewweḍ unebdu, ayen meyylen d wayen zereen ad t-id-megren s tidi i asen-ččan wiyiḍ…
* * *
Mačči d yiwen n wudem i d-mmlaleɣ di tikkulya :
Tikkulya taderɣalt yeqqnen taswiet n tura si yettidir umdan ɣer wayen yeseedda jeddi-s, tikkulya yurzen leṛwaḥ-nsen s leewayed n tirẓegt n lejdud d ddin i d-yettağwen tugdi yettenfufuden deg wallaɣen. D ayen i ten-yeğğan ad qqlen d ijeɣlalen ijdiden di tfekka yeffeɣ rruḥ, d iẓekwan ideg tekker tɣemmalt anda ẓẓlen yiɣsan yerkan i lebda ;
Tikkulya tagugamt i iḥettmen argaz ad yaɣ tameṭṭut ur yebɣi, tin yettɣanfi si ṣṣura alamma d tirga, tikkulya yetteqqnen tameṭṭut ɣer wusu n urgaz ur tḥemmel, tikkulya ara ten-yesburen s lekfen n tsusmi akken tesbur teglimt iɣes. D ayen i ten-yerran ad xessin am tafat tesseblae tegnawt n tegrest ;
Tikkulya taeeẓẓugt ara iḥettmen amdan ad yeddu d tikli n widen t-yezwaren, widen as-d-yezzin, agraw n lear i ibedden d timetti, ad yeknu anda kennun, ad yels taceṭṭiḍt ttlusun xas ma yella tefka udem i teeri. S yisem n leewayed yeḥfan d tebrekt yemɣumbazen deg yifwaden, ad yeggugem yixf-is, ad yegzem afriwen i yigider i t-izedɣen, ad yeğğ akured ad yessefrurex. Ad yeknu alama yeqqel d ahu i ṣṣut yebɣan tilelli, d lexyel i urwiḥ yezren deg yimeṭṭi, d tili i tfekka yebɣan tikli ;
Tikkulya taeibant yettarran at tezmart seddaw wungifen, at yiseɣ d aklan n lebɣi n widen i ieebbden tadrimt d cciea. S ddel-nsen d uɣunzu, ad ten-rren d tassirt yeẓẓaden, d lemeinṣra yeddawaren s ufus-nsen, lɣella tettent wiyiḍ. Mi tent-uɣen di tuccer, kulci ad yuɣel di ṭṭerf… Isem-nsen ad t-yeṭṭef wayeḍ;
Tikkulya tarẓagant i d-yesrusuyen leṛwaḥ yemmuten deg yixxamen ideg yewwet yiɣisi n lḥif, tinna di littee n ddunit tesmentag i llaẓ, leḥqer akked layas. Deg yirebbi-s ad ffɣen yilemẓiyen eaben i lebda : ad ttnernin medlulen, ad idiren d wudem n ttar d yidim, ad mmten s tefrut i izzellun isem-nsen alamma d iẓuran n talsa ;
Tikkulya yumsen ur yettaɣen tiɣawsiwin akken swant, tinna yettaken ismawen i wayen ur yellin d isem, tinna yettaɣen lḥerma n tmeṭṭut s telqimt n ueebbuḍ. S wammus d yilefḍan ad ttsemmin i lekteb, tidet ; i lfetna, tagmat ; taḥraymit, tiḥerci ; asmuqjen, tamussni ; ddel, lğehd ; lexdee, iseɣ…;
Tikkulya yeknan, yettawin agdud s lebɣi n ufus i t-yurzen, win yesburen asigna i yiṭij n tudert-is. Syin akkin, ad as-ibeddel ssira, ad t-illeqqem s tyersiwin : tutlayt-is ad yettsetḥi s yes-s, iles-is ad yettellem deg yilem alamma tezḍa tissist tiɣemmar n ccfawat… Dinna, ṭṭlam d wammus ad as-d-ağwen tugdi, ad as-d-slalen Rebbi akken ad yemḍel ussan-is deg wanu n uraji n laxert tesseḥmay tmes n lekdeb !
Tikkulya n tbeeeuct d tiseḍri, mi yemmut ugellid, s leqder d lhiba, tugdi d cciea ad rren mmi-s deg umḍiq-is, widen i iɣilen ṣṣrima d axelxal, ad zwiren ɣer yimeṭṭi, ad ttrun ɣef winna i ten-yeğğan, winna i ten-yerran d aklan, imi di ddunit-nsen d kennu i wumi semman addud s lqedd !
Tikkulya taberkant i iwecmen i lebda s useffud n lḥecmat yerran ilemẓiyen ur yedniben ur yeeṣin ad awin ddel n yimawlan-nsen, widen i ten-id-iɣurren ɣer tudert n ccwal ur bɣin. S taẓeyt n tikkulya d waklan i ieaben deg wallaɣ, tiḥerci-nsen ad tezzer deg wanu n leeyub, ad tt-tefk irebbi i tlafsa alamma yeffeɣ-d uzrem i d-iberrun i tsuqas yeččuren d ssem ! Syin akkin ad ifeggeḍ yidim, s yes-s ad yerr ttar di tafat i as-yettwakksen.
Taneggarut akk, d tikkulya yuɣen tikkulya, myexḍabent msudanent ; myuṭṭafent ulawen, s wuglan d yilsawen… di snat ad ağwent lğehd si tsusmi akked kennu akken ad sseknunt iziren n tafat.
* * *
eyiɣ di tikli, nekk i iteddun deffir yimdanen, nekk i icureen iseggasen n talsa d yiḍerfan n yal tasuta. Ɛyiɣ deg wayen ttwaliɣ deg yigduden d tmura, qqimeɣ ɣer tizi n wawal smeḥsiseɣ i tsusmi anda lğehd yeẓẓel iɣallen-is i usgunfu… Ɣer tizi n leǧnun di tiɣilt anda ttnejmaeen wat laxert d ibaḍniyen, anda tetteffer tili n wayen i ieeddan, ahu n wayen ur qeṭṭun yimdanen di ddunit, anda i d-eussen lexwaṭer yennuɣnan… Walaɣ yiwen n lexyel, ala aglim ɣef yiɣes, i teddu waḥdes, yeṣṣuḥub tili-s, tili-s tezzuɣur snasel yettwagezmen. I beddɣef tizi n yilem yettsummun tafat, iqubel iṭij anda akken i as-zzin aerur yicewwafen d yiḥuwwafen… Neṭqeɣ ɣer ɣur-s.
« Aniwa kečč ? »
S ṣṣut n tmeṭṭut yerra-yi-d : « Nekk, isem-iw tilelli. »
« Anda tella tarwa-m ? »
« Yiwen yemmut ɣer tizi n leryaḥ, wayeḍ yeddderwac, ma d wis tlata mazal ur d-ilul. »


text:
Nnig uzgen n lqern, tamurt-nnaɣ teteddu ɣer deffir. Ayen iteddun zik akken iwata, ass-a yezleg (aɣerbaz, tafellaḥt, lbusṭa, tadamsa…), tiɣerrmin umsent, terna-d tidderɣelt n yir aɣerbaz akked tmeṭṭurfit tineslemt.
Ass-a, anejli n yemdanen deg waman n yillel, akken ad zegren ɣer tmura n Urupa, ifka-d udem aberkan n wanda tessaweḍ tsertit n wid iḥekmen tamurt si 1962. Acku, d systeme yebnan di 1962 i yellan ar ass-a, ɣas ttbeddilen wudmawen d yismawen.
Di 2002, ur nezmir ad neqqim kan di tmuɣli-nni n wurfan akked tsusmi, neɣ awal : « d tawaɣit ! Tettɣiḍ tmurt !, ‘’c’est malheureux’’ ! ». Issefk asurif ɣer sdat, akken ad injer usalu izemren ad issuffeɣ ɣer tallit nniḍen.
Mačči d abrid i yuɣ udabu n wass-a s tsertit-is n ‘’dialogue inclusif’’… akked wid ifkan afus di tsertit n néo-FLN akked barbes-FLN, gar-asen wid yessazlen idammen n Izzayriyen di tallit taberkant.
Tasertit izemren ad tbeddel udem i tmurt, d tin ara yaɣen abrid amaynut, tin ara ibeddlen « paradigme » n udabu ɣef uẓar :
Tamezwarut ad d-ffɣen akk wid yettwarzen di leḥbas ɣef tikta-nsen, akken ad kecmen annar n bennu amaynut. Ma iḍelli, tanekra n Hirak ur d-tefki iqerra d-yufraren, d imeḥbas n wass-a i d iqerra n tnekra.
Urar n tsertit ad ibeddel ɣef uẓar, ad ikkes udabu uffir n at ukakkiḍ, ad d-bedden wid/tid fernen Izzayriyen di tefranin deg ur illi usekkak.
Ad yali uɣerbaz n tmurt n Lezzayer s tutlayin n tmurt-is di tmurt-is, ad iddu umezruy ur deg illi usekkak i bennu n tmussni n tafat, mačči n tidderɣelt n taârabt-tinneslemt.
Ad ikkes wanzel n teɣdemt i yekkaten Izzayriyen, ad tbedd teɣdemt tilellit n izerfan, mačči d taqeddact neɣ d amezrag deg ufus n wid illan deg udabu (taɣdemt ‘’n tilifu’’).
Ad tebnu tdamsa/économie n tidett, tin ifkan azal i umahil (valeur travail) akken ad innerni simmal, akken isufar n petrole d lgaz ad d-rnun kan d afud i tneflit n tmurt.
Ad teldi tebburt di yal annar akken iminigen/imezgaren neɣ ‘’diaspora i yellan di tmura tiberraniyin (Urupa, Marikan, Kanada…), ad d-kecmen s tmussni-nsen d tedrimt-nsen, ur sen-teggen ifergan d wuguren i ten-isserwalen.
Ad tebnu tsertit tamaynut iteddun ad tezdi timura n Tamazɣa (Tunes, Lezzayer, Merruk, Muritanya….) deg ugraw n Tamazɣa tameqqrant.
Asurif amezwaru d tifrat n wuguren illan ass-a di Libya. Ma dduklen d agraw (Tunes, Lezzayer akked Merruk), zemren ad tt-frun ferru iwatan, syen ad sersen talwit i bennu n tedbelt n Libya. Ma yessefk ad kecmen iserdasen n ugraw, d ayen ilhan. D tallalt n tmara, mačci d tamhersa n Libya.
Llan imedyaten deg umezruy : asmi yekcem Vietnam ɣer tmurt n Cambodge, si mi yerẓa adabu n ‘’Khmers izeggaɣen’’ i yesnegren tamurt-is, issers adabu amaynut, iffeɣ-d si tmurt-nni (1). Yiwen ur izzim ɣef Vietnam deg ugraw n tmura yedduklen (ONU).
D asalu i ẓran akk Izzayriyen i d-ikkren di yal tikli n tegrawla n talwit. Maca, d adabu kan i d-ibedden d ugur, zun d tamrit di tnemmast n ubrid.
Mačči s tmeɣra n lɣida d iḍebbalen deg wass n 5 yulyu 2022 ara frunt temsal…
Aumer U Lamara
Timerna / Notes.
1) Le 25 décembre 1978, 150 000 soldats vietnamiens envahissent le territoire cambodgien et écrasent l’Armée révolutionnaire du Kampuchéa (Khmers rouges de Pol Pot) en seulement deux semaines. Le 8 janvier 1979, la République populaire du Kampuchéa est créée.


text:
Di tagara-agi, izad wayen izaden, amdan yesɛan ciṭuḥ n tigzi deg uqerru-ines, ad yesteqsay deg yiman-is:
acuɣer ? ar melmi ? d anwa i tt-ixedmen? d acu i t-yessawḍen? d acu d iswi n waya ?
riɣ a d-awiɣ awal ɣef teẓgi n kuka dagi di wehran.
Di tazwara tiẓgi-agi tella d Lǧennet, ttruḥent ɣur-s twaculin akken ad buḥrunt, tezga-d rrif n webrid. Tizegzewt, cnawi n yegḍaḍ, aman, laman, lḥaṣul ur tettafeḍ ara adeg am winna.
Di tagara-agi iɣewwes-d fell-as buɣewwas, yesseḥnunef-itt, yegzer-itt, yessreɣ-itt, yerra-tt d agudu ameqqran, yebna-tt merra d iɛecwan. Tuget deg yiɛecwan-agi uɣalen d asgen i wid yettjaren deg lehyuf d tfuḥanin. Ulac win ara ixedmen talast i tecmat yecban tagi. Kecmen isemsaren, si tama tayeḍ tibḥirin yellan dinna n lluz, azemmur, lxeḍra, tura tuɣal merra d’’ Abiṭun ‘’ wer ttesriḥ, wer lekwaɣeḍ.
Tiẓgi n kuka mazal-tt tessawal ahruḥu, ahruḥu.
Ar melmi ara nissin azal n twennaṭ, ar melmi ara s-nefk azal i tuklal, ar melmi ara s-nerr lxir i d aɣ-d-tefka. Assa ma nesluɣ tawennaṭ, d acu ara d-nemger ?
D ulaqrar mačči d udi d tamment, xas bnu-t fell-as, d aṭṭanen, d twuɣa, lexṣaṣ. ur ilaq ara daɣen ad nettu d akken tawennaṭ-agi-nneɣ tettarra-d ttar. Acuɣer tawennaṭ tura tbeddel ? mačči d nettat i ibedlen d nekni i tt-ibedlen. tawennaṭ tura simal treffu fell-aɣ, iḥemmalen, aɣura, isfuyla (poles) simal fessin, tiseddarin n teẓɣel simal ttalint, taneẓruft simal tessihriw-iman-is. Tiɛeǧǧaǧin timeqqranin. Lḥasul ad yeṭṭef Rebbi ayen yugaren aya. Tisemhuyin bedlent udem. Tikwal ur neẓri ma d anebdu, neɣ d tagrest. Ay amdan tella twaɣit nnig tagi ?
Ḥaca kečč i izemren ad tbedleḍ timsal ma yella tebɣiḍ, ur yerna tzemreḍ. Acuɣer yal wa yeqqar-d nekk ur iyi-teɛni ara temsalt, teskiddibeḍ d kečč i teɛna temsalt.
Timdinin-nneɣ uɣalent d iguduyen imeqqranen, nessen. limer di nebɣa, limer yal yiwen deg-neɣ ad yawi turṣaḍ-ines, ɣer wadeg yettwamezgen i turṣaḍ, di lawan ilaqen. Acuɣer iberdan iḥerqan, tiẓegwa, anda terriḍ anda teqqimeḍ ad temlileḍ turṣaḍ ? turṣaḍ-agi ur d-ɣlint ara seg yigenni am lehwa, d turṣaḍ-inek abu snat n tqejjirin amencuf. Daxel n yexxamen-nwen tesseḥrasem ɣef tezdeg, ma di berra turṣaḍ alarmi d imnaren. Tugniwin-agi ssewḥacent, sserhabent, tugniwin-agi ttbegginent-d udem n tidet n tmetti deg weswir, ttrebga, idles, tussna. Kečč ay amdan acuɣer ur tlemdeḍ ara timsirin, acuɣer ur d-teqqareḍ ara dayen berka di tfuḥanin, yif-ik wemcic ?! Amcic mi ara iwessex ur ten-yettaǧǧa ara akken, ineṭṭel-iten, akken ad uɣalen d leɣar. Ayen yettɣaḍen d akken yegla uzegzaw s uquran, ula d winna ur tt-nexdim ara yettxelliṣ, ar melmi ?


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Send timlilit n FESSAṬU ( JADU), iḍelli n lexmis 28 yennayer 2021, gar iselwayen n tɣiwanin timaziɣin, d yemḍebren n wesqamu unnig n imaziɣen n Libya, akked imeɣnasen n izerfan n wemdan d wudmawen n tmeti tamaziɣt n Libya, fɣen-d akk wigi s walɣu ar d-yeqqimen deg mezruy n tmazɣa d tefriqt n ugafa, anda i d-begnen tugin-nsen s wudem unṣib n usenfaṛ n tmendawt i d-ihegga udabu uɛḍil n Libya, u diɣ ssawl-en i yakk imaziɣen ad gezmen attekki-nsen deg tefranin n tmendawt ara d-yilin ussan i d-iteddun.
Maca nnig n usiwel ar unegzum n uttekki deg tmendawt agi n lkerhegga d miḥyaf mgal imaziɣen n Libya, i d-ihegga udabu uɛḍil n Libya yettaɣen awal am wafus yeṭṭef uderɣal sɣur adabu asertan n Tmurt n Maṣer, d lebɣi n imaziɣen ad afen tifrat s ufus-nsen i twaɣit ttidiren d iseggasen aya.
Deg walɣu yagi begnen-d i umaḍal sumata d ilibiyen ladɣa, lebɣi-nsen n usbeddi n tama tamaziɣt s wudem unṣib ara yuɣalen d awanek s talɣa tagdudant ara yesɛun tamendawt-ines ɣef wacu ara yebdu leqdic deg ussan i d-iteddun, akal n tegduda tamaziɣt talibit ad tili ladɣa deg Adrar n Infusen akked d At Willul » Zwara ».
Isalli am wagi d ayen ara yesfeṛḥen ladɣa iqbayliyen, wid mazal yezdeɣ ukukru deg tikli n usbeddi n uwanek aqbayli, ayyuz i yimaziɣen n libya wid ara ikecmen ar umezruy s tewwurt hrawen, afud i nutni tamurt taqbaylit d tin kan ara i bedden ar yidis-nsen i lebda.