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Tihawt tirant n tmaziɣt: présence graphique de l’amazigh
Tihawt tazayzant n tmaziɤt
Iswi n umagrad-a d awal ɤef useqdec s wudem-nniḍen n tira. Ad yerzu taɤult iɤer ur nezzi ara tiṭ s tuget. Asentel-is yerza tihawt tazayzant neɤ tirant n tmaziɤt (Présence publique ou graphique de tamazight). S umata, ur llint ara aṭas n tezrawin ɤef usentel am wa. Ihi awal-iw ad yili aṭas d aglam, d tamawin ugar akken ara yili d tazrawt tussnant.
Iseqsiyen ɤef ara yili umeslay d wi:
Seg wasmi d -isuḍ waḍu n tlelli d tugdut ɤef Lezzayer, aseggas n 1988 d asawen tamaziɤt tekcem ɤer tesdawit akked uɤebaz, tuɤal d tutlayt taɤelnawt; nezmer ad d-nini ldint tewwura i useqdec n tmaziɤt. Deg wayen yerzan tihawt-is tirant : “Tamaziɤt tban-d deg twennaḍt aṭas n yiseggasen-aya. Sqedcen-tt yimdanen akken ad d-seknen yes-s udem n twennaḍt. Syin akin, cwit, cwiṭ teṭṭef imukan-nniḍen. Aseqdec-is, ihi, yebda seg yiseggasen imezwura seld tilelli n tmurt. Maca lawan-nni teqqim kan d tira ɤef leḥyuḍ, ɤef tesfifin, ɤef yiḍebsiyen”[1] D acu, deg wayen yerzan tilin-is deg tmetti, aṭas n yiseqsiyen i d-icudden ɤur-s, amedya :
-ma tettwaseqdec tmaziɤt deg twennaḍt ?
-anda ara tt-naf ?
- s wanta tira s tettwaru ?
(Zemren ad ilin yiseqsiyen-nniḍen yerzan asentel-a, maca d wid i yesran i tezrawin d tsestanin deg unnar akken ad sɛun tiririt tussnant iwatan)
Iseqsiyen-a yakk, s umata, d wid yerzan taɤult n tesnilesmetti (sociolinguistique). Tririt fell-asen, ad aɤ -d-temmel azal d umkan n tutlayt n tmaziɤt, mačči kan anagar ayen i d-icudden ɤer uẓayer-is asertan, maca, tirirt–a ad aɤ-d-temmel daɤen amkan-is d tixutert-is ɤer yimsulɤa ( wid i tt-yettmeslayen). Deg wannect-a ad negzu azal n tutlayt yettilli-d ɤef sin n wudmawen.
Deg tama ayen akk i d-icudden ɤer usɤiwes utlayan (planification linguistique). Wi rzan adabu, s wawal-nniḍen d netta i ilan allalen akken ad yefk tagnit i tutlayt akken ad tennerni, akken ad taɤ amdiq i tt- iwatan: ama deg yiɤerbazen, deg tedbelt, deg wallalen n teywalt, atg. Dɤa, ma nmuqel tamaziɤt ass-a, ad naf aẓayer-is ibeddel aṭas, ur teqqim ara d tutlayt taddayt (langue basse), ma nserwes-itt akked taɛrabt tantalant, acku tamaziɤt tuɤal d tutlayt taɤelnawt, tekcem ɤer yiɤerbazen, tekcem ɤer taɤulin n teywalt.
Maca ayen yerzan aslugen-is[2] (sa standadisation) teqqim war tifrat, amedya ar ass-a ulac ayen yellan d unsib ara yesddaklen tira-s, amawal-is. Annect-a daɤen yeqqen srid ɤer wahil asertan n udabu; d netta i yesɛan azref akken ad yefru tamsalt-a.
Deg tama-nniḍen, asnerni n tutlayt yasɛa assaɤ d ameqqran d tmetti ideg tella. Tigensas, timuɤliwin, tiktiwin n yimdanen ɤef tutlayt-nsen ttilin d tasalelt tameqqrant, ttakkent afud ameqqran i tutlayt akken ad teddu ɤer zdat. Anadi deg taɤult-a yessukkus-d amek ttwalin yimdanen tutlayt-nsen, ma bɤan ad tt-ɤren, ma bɤan ad tt-arun. S umata ma bɤan ad tili, ad tidir. Tin ɤur-s, annect-a yeskan-d daɤen tuṭṭfa-nsen deg tutlayt-a imi tutlayt tettidir s lebɤi n wid i tt-yettmeslayen. Tudert-a tettili s useqdec-is deg yal taɤult. (Amedya deg temlilit am ta). Aya yebɤa ad d-yini, tutlayt yewwi-d ad tili, ama d tira , ama d timawt deg yal adeg, deg yal akud anda tezmer ad tettwaseqdec.
Deg wayen yerzan tira, i yaɤ-d-yessemlalen ass-a, tamezwarut, dayen ibanen, d amenzay ɤer medden merra, tira i d iman, i d tazmert, i d tudert n tutlayt. Acku ayen yuran ur unegger ara, ur yettnejli ara, ur t-tekkat ara tatut. Yewwi-d ad nẓer d nettat ara yerren azal i tmaziɤt. Mammeri, yura deg udlis ( Inna-yas- Ccix Muḥen): “Di lqern n ɛecrin ideg nella, tussna telḥa […] Ihi, yezmer umdan ad yessexdem allalen-is […] Assa nezmer ad d-nessufeɤ idlisen di mkul ssenf”[3] . Am wakken i d-yura deg udlis (Les poèmes kabyles anciens) : ” Tura tamussni tuɤal s idlisen. Degmi uriɤ adlis-a i keč d tezyiwin-ik, ad ak-d-yeqqim d tigejdit i usenned , d tigejdit i lebni”[4]. Tin ɤur-s, ula umennuɤ n Umussu Adelsan Amaziɤ (MCB), seg zik awal i d-yettuɤalen, nnig n umennuɤ asertan, d tira, d afares, d assufeɤ n yidlisen, akken ad teqqim tutlayt, akken ad as –yettunefk yisem n tutlayt, ur tettɤimi ara kan d tantala.
Tamaziɤt ass-a teṭṭef aṭas n yimedqan, teskuṭṭef-d deg yal amkan, yennerna ciṭ uẓayer-is, tettcali deg yiberdan, teṭṭef iɤerban, tekcem tanezzut. S wawal awezlan, ad d-nini ur teḥjib ara, ur teffir ara . Aṭas n tegnatin ideg d-ttbin. D annect-a iwimi qqaren tihawt tazayzant neɤ tihawt tirant (Présence publique, présence graphique). S wawal-nniḍen, anamek-is d tilin n tutlayt, d tudert n tutlayt deg twennaḍt.
Amek i d-yettili waya?
Tihawt n tutlayt tettili deg twennaḍt ticki imdanen ttarun-tt deg yal amkan ideg tezmer ad tili, semrasent d allal n usissen neɤ d allal n usussen (publicité), amedya: ismawen akk n wayen yerzan :
a- tanezzut, akka am :
tiḥunna, leqhawi, allalen n tumnayt, igalisen akken bɤun ilin, isufar n wučči neɤ n usired (lgazuz, lqahwa, lgaṭu, cukula, sabun, rriḥa atg. ). Tisfifin, i ḍebsiyen, C.D, iɤmisen. Ddwa… ;
b- tisuddwin, akka am : tinedlisin, tisdawiyin, tisnawiyin, tiɤiwanin, lwilayat, iɤebazen, tidukliwin, ikabaren, tizrigin… ;
c- tiɤawsiwin-nniḍen, akka am : tikerḍwin n uncad, SMS, internet, iẓekwan, tira ɤef yiɤerban ( graffitis) …
D acu i azal n tihawt n tutlayt deg twennaḍt?
-Tamezwarut, tezmer ad tili d aferdis n usnekwu (élément identificateur) n twennaḍt-nni. S tira ad nẓer d acu i d tutlayt n tmetti-nni
- Tis snat, temmal-d azal i tefka tmetti i tutlayt-is, ma bɤan ad tili, ma ṭṭfen deg-s, ma ḥemmlen ad tt-walin, s wannect-a ara d–senfalin tigensas-nsen ɤef tutlayt i fernen gar tiyiḍ. S tewzel n wawal tettak-d issalen ɤef wassaɤ yellan gar tutlayt d tmetti.
Tis kraḍ, tihawt-a tezmer ad tili d aɤbalu s ara yelmed umdan amawal d tira n tutlayt acku simmal yettwali,simmal yesseqsay, simmal ilemmed.
Aseqsi i d-icudden ɤer wayen yezrin d wa : S wanta tira s ttarun yemdanen deg tegnatin-a?
Uqbel ad d-nerr ɤef useqsi-ya, yewwi-d ad nẓer deg Lezzayer llan yisuḍaf (leqwanen) i d-yessufeɤ udabu ɤef usexdem n tutlayin deg twennaḍt. Leqwanen-a qqnen ɤer tsertit n useɛreb. Deg useggas 1981, yella le décrét n° 6136 du 15 mars, iwimi semman “Arabisation de l’environnement“, tallit-nni i d-lulen kra n yismawen n tmura ffɤen akk i yidles d tesmidegt (la toponymie) n tmurt-a.
Amedya : (Buleyda, wihran, qusenṭina, Sukeykida )
Syina ulsen-as-d i usaḍuf-nni deg useggas n 1998, yerna sḍefren-as-d lexṭiyat i kra n win ara yarun s tutlayt- nniḍen. Maca, ɤas ffɤen-d leqwanen-a, deg twennaḍt, deg tedbelt, deg luzinat, lbankat… mazal yezga useqdec n tefransist. R.Kahlouche, iga snat n tsastanin (enquêtes) deg temdint n Tizi Uzzu, yiwet 1996, tayeḍ 2000, yufa gar snat n talliyin-a, imdanen uɤalen ttarun aṭas s tefransist ugar taɛrabt, ugar tamaziɤt. Yewweḍ ɤer tamawt-a : “deg useggas n 2000, i tuget tefransist neɤ i yuɤalen medden ɤer tefransist ayen i wimi yesssemma “ la refrancisation de l’environnement ” [5].
Ma deg wayen yerzan tamaziɤt, ulac lqanun i d-yeqqaren ilaq ad tt-nesseqdec, am wakken ulac lqanun i tt-igedlen. Ma nmuqel ad naf aṭas n yismawen n tmaziɤt yellan deg twennaḍt d ddewla i ten-yuran.
Tira n tmaziɤt deg twennaḍt
Deg twennaḍt amur ameqqran seqdacen talaṭinit, d acu, deg sya ɤer da, ad naf daɤen tifinaɤ. Annect-a ad aɤ d-yessegzi, deg wayen yerzan tihawt n tmaziɤt, tira s tlaṭinit :
- d tin i yuɤen deg tmetti;
-d tin i yugten deg twennaḍt;
- talaṭinit d tin i fernen yemdanen i usissen n tɤawsiwin-nsen;
-talaṭinit d tin i yettwasmettin s waṭas (socialisée);
- tlaṭinit d tin i tesseqdac tmetti, ula d ddewla aṭas n yigalisen tura-ten s tlaṭinit.
Γef wannect-a ad d –nini, nnig n tmental i yefkan afud i ufran n tlaṭinit, akka am:
- tuɤ deg tmetti si zman aqdim;
- fessuset i ulmad d uselmed,
- iɤbula yellan akk ttwarun s tlaṭinit;
-tla ilugan n tira, d ayen yellan d agejdan acku ilugan d allal i yeǧǧan imdanen ad arun, s yiwet n tarrayt akken ma llan.
Nniɤ-d , nnig n tmental-a, tihawt-is deg twennaḍt terna–yas-d afud ameqqran acku tawennaḍt daɤen d tafelwit, d aɤebaz yesselmaden. Imdanen ur tt- frinen ara kan akka. Rran ɤur-s, fkan –as azal acku d tin s izemren ad d-segzin ayen i ten-iceɤben.
Tin ɤur-s, ad d-iniɤ, tura deg umaḍal, mi ara gen yimussnawen tizrawin ɤef tira neɤ mi ara ttmeslayen yimussnawen ɤef tira, ur ttɤiman ara kan deg unamek-is amezwaru, anda tira terza anagar ayen yellan d asnulfu (création) akka am tsekla, taɤamsa… Maca tura mi ara yili umeslay ɤef tira ttarran tamawt ɤer wayen akk yuran :
journal intime, recettes, notices, les formulaires administratifs, listes des courses, mots laissés à un fils, à un ami, petites annonces, bulletin météo, SMS, atg.
Γef wannect-a amedya, H.Boyer yessemgared gar tira ( écriture) akked d ujerred (ma nezmer ad as-nsemmi akka) (scription). Awal “tira” seqdacen-t i wayen yellan d asnulfu, ma d awal “ ajerred” seqdacen-t i wayen ideg yenqes wazal n usnulfu, akka am : (Ti i d-uddreɤ iwsawen).
Ihi, d wasmi i d-yewwi ad nerr tamawt ɤer tira n tmaziɤt anda tebɤu tili acku akken i tura M.Rispail, deg udlis “ Le francique ” : « Dire qu’une langue existe, c’est déjà un peu participer à sa survie » [6]. Nekni ma nura-tt, ma nga fell-as tizrawin, mačči d asider ara tt-nessider maca d asnerni ara tt-nesnerni, d asimɤer ara tt-nesimɤer gar tutlayin n umaḍal.
Ad d- rnuɤ kra n tmuɤliwin i wimi i ilaq ad nerr tamawt, ad nemmeslay fell-asent, ad nwelleh imdanen akken tamaziɤt ad taɤ ugar amḍiq-is deg tmetti:
- Yewwi-d ɤef yimdanen ad tt-sqedcen nnig n wannect-a acku ɤas, d tidet, aṭas i tt-yuran maca , deg tama-nniḍen, aṭas yimukan ideg ur d-ttbin ara. LLan wid i yessmenyifen ad araun taɛrabt, tarumit wala tamaziɤt. Ayen ɤef ara yesḥifen yiwen mačči kan anagar tira; yella wayen i d-yekkan nnig-s, yesseqraḥ, yesserfay (ahat), yessewham, imi ula d ismawen i d-fernen kra ur sɛin ara akk assaɤ la d yidles-nneɤ, la d tutlayt-nneɤ, la d twennaḍt-nneɤ, la tmurt-nneɤ. Ad naf ismawen yecban: aḥbab, ezzeytuna, el aḥlam, eliǧtihad, ennexla, el itihad, ennour, macaallah, rreḥma, titanic, azur, top, tic tac, Zephir, le rapide, aigle, TGV, les amis, le faucon, etc.
Γer tama-nsen ad naf wid i yefkan azal i tmaziɤt; uran s tmaziɤt , fernen-d ismawen i iwatan idles-is: awren, adrar, lbaz, talwit, timlilit, itri, tiziri…
Yuɤal d adabu, i ireglen zik tafat i tmaziɤt, i tt-yesseqdacen ugar wid yennuɤen fell-as. Ma nmuqel ad naf aṭas n tsuddwin n ddewla i yuran s tmaziɤt.
Ilmend n waya i d-yewwi fell-aɤ ad newwet amek ara d-ibin wazal-is s usemres-is deg yal amdiq.
[1] Z.Meksem, 2005, Les langues des écrits urbains dans la ville de Béjaia : Qu’en pensent les jeunes apprenants de tamazight », In M. Rispail ( Sous dir) avec la collaboration de N.Tigziri, Langues maternelles : contacts, variations et enseignement. Le cas de la langue amazighe,Paris , Harmattan, Pp. 205 -215.
[2] - Aslugen ila anamek n “noramalisation“ sqedceɤ-t s unamek n “la standardiastion” akken ad d-segziɤ ayen i wimi tesra tmaziɤt ass-a akka am: yiwen n umawal, yiwen n ugemmay, yiwet n tirawalt
[3] - M.Mammeri, 199 , Inna-yas Ccix Muḥend, Paris , Maspéro, asebter 15.
[4] -M.Mammeri, 1988 , Les poèmes kabyles anciens, Paris, Maspéro , asebter 60.
[5] R.Kahlouche, 2002, La refrancisation des enseignes à Tizi-Ouzou : qu’on est-il depuis 1996 ?, In Passerelles, n°24, Numéro apparu sous le titre : Peuples, identités et langues berbères. Tamazight face à son avenir », Pp.127 -135.


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Bible verses about "dealing with pain" | Kabyle
7
Ihi ḍuɛet Sidi Ṛebbi, ur țaǧǧat ara Cciṭan a kkun-yeɣleb dɣa ad yerwel fell-awen.
8
Sidi Ṛebbi yenna-d : d nekk i d amezwaru i d aneggaru, d Win yellan si tazwara, yellan ass-a, ara d-yuɣalen; d nekk i d Bab n tezmert. .
20
Sidna Ɛisa yenna yasen : Ur țțaggadet ara, d nekk!
21
Ur țțaǧa ara cceṛ ad iṭṭef amkan deg ul-ik iwakken ad ixdem lebɣi-s, lameɛna eɣleb cceṛ s lxiṛ.
16
Yis i gețwaxleq wayen nețwali d wayen ur nețwali ara ama deg igenwan ama di lqaɛa, tigeldiwin d igelliden, lḥekmat akk-d tezmar yellan deg igenwan; kullec yețwaxleq yis, kullec yețwaxleq i nețța.
17
Yella-d uqbel a d-yețwaxleq kra yellan, d nețța i d lsas n txelqit,
3
D nețța i d-isbeggnen ccbiha n tideț akk-d tmanegt tameqqrant n Sidi Ṛebbi akken tella, s tezmert n wawal-is i gbedd lsas n ddunit meṛṛa. Mi gessazdeg imdanen si ddnubat-nsen, yeṭṭef amkan n lḥekma deg igenwan ɣer tama tayeffust n Sidi Ṛebbi;
9
Meɛna ma nețqiṛṛi s ddnubat-nneɣ i Sidi Ṛebbi, nețța yellan d aḥeqqi, nezmer a nețkel fell-as a ɣ-isameḥ ddnubat-nneɣ, a ɣ-isellek si lbaṭel.
40
D wagi i d lebɣi n Baba Ṛebbi: « kra n win yețmuqulen ɣer Mmi-s, yumen yis, ad yesɛu tudert n dayem yerna a t-id-sseḥyuɣ si lmut ass aneggaru.»
41
Lɣaci bdan smermugen gar-asen ɣef Sidna Ɛisa imi d yenna: « d nekk i d aɣṛum i d yekkan seg igenni.»
33
Ilaq-iyi a wen-d-iniɣ daɣen annect-agi akken aț-țafem deg-i talwit. Aț-țɛeddim si teswiɛin n ddiq di ddunit, aț-țneɛtabem meɛna ṣebṛet! Nekk ɣelbeɣ ddunit.
4
A sen-yesfeḍ imeṭṭawen, ur tețțili lmut, ur yețțili leḥzen, ur yețțili umeǧǧed ur yețțili lqeṛḥ axaṭer leḥwayeǧ timezwura ɛeddant ur țɛawadent ara a d-țuɣalent.
Topical data is from OpenBible.info, retrieved November 11, 2013, and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Sunday, July 27, 2014
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text: Kabyle(i) 1 Nekk yellan d ameqqran n tejmaɛt, i Gayus, f+ eɛzizen fell-i, i ḥemmleɣ s tideț. 2 Ay aḥbib-iw, ssarameɣ ṣṣeḥa-inek bxiṛ i tella, am tikli-inek deg webrid n Sidi Ṛebbi. 3 Feṛḥeɣ aṭas asm'akken i d-usan watmaten, mi d-ḥkan ɣef tideț yellan deg-k, d wamek i teṭṭfeḍ di tideț-agi s wul-ik. 4 Ulac lfeṛḥ ara yecbun m'ara sleɣ s warraw-iw teddun di tideț. 5 A win eɛzizen, d ayen yelhan i txedmeḍ seg wul yeṣfan i watmaten, ɣas d ibeṛṛaniyen i llan; 6 ḥkan-d zdat n tejmaɛt ɣef leḥmala-inek. ayen yelhan daɣen ma terniḍ tɛawneḍ-ten s wayen i tzemreḍ iwakken ad kemmlen abrid-nsen; 7 axaṭer ɣef ddemma n yisem n Lmasiḥ i ṛuḥen, yerna ugin ad qeblen lemɛawna n wid ur numin ara s Sidi Ṛebbi. 8 Ilaq-aɣ ihi a nesṭerḥeb yerna a nɛiwen imdanen yecban wigi, iwakken a nili d iqeddacen ara yemɛawanen yid-sen ɣef ddemma n tideț. 9 Uriɣ kra yimeslayen i tejmaɛt, meɛna Diutrif iḥemmlen ad idebbeṛ ɣef wiyaḍ, yegguma a ɣ-d-iḥess ur aɣ-yeḥsib ara. 10 Daymi m'ara n-aseɣ ɣuṛ-wen a d-sbeggneɣ akk ayen ixeddem! Iheddeṛ fell-aneɣ yir imeslayen akk-d lekdub, ula d atmaten yugi ad yesṭerḥeb yis-sen, wid yebɣan ad sṭerḥben yis-sen, yețțaggi-yasen yerna yessufuɣ-iten si tejmaɛt. 11 Ay aḥbib, ur țɛanad ara wid ixeddmen cceṛ meɛna ɛaned wid ixeddmen lxiṛ. Win ixeddmen ayen yelhan, n Ṛebbi; ma d win ixeddmen cceṛ ur yessin ara Ṛebbi. 12 Ma d Dimitriyus țcekkiṛen-t akk medden, yerna tideț tețban-ed deg-s, ula d nukni nenna-t-id yerna teẓriḍ ayen i d-neqqaṛ ț-țideț. 13 Aṭas i mazal a k-t-id-iniɣ lameɛna ur bɣiɣ ara a k-t-id-aruɣ di tebṛaț. 14 Ssarameɣ qṛib a nemẓer iwakken a nehḍer. 15 Qqim di lehna! Atmaten meṛṛa țsellimen-d fell-ak. Ula d kečč sellem ɣef watmaten akk, mkul yiwen s yisem-is.


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Si Muḥand u Mḥand
Si Muḥend u Mḥend At Ḥammaduc, d amedyaz azwaw ilulen deg seggas n 1845 (agim d tamt twinas d ukkuzt tmerwin d semmus) deg taddart n Icerɛiwen. Yemmut deg seggas n 1906 (agim d tzat twinas d seddis). I wakken ad yerwel f ttar, baba s i wumi qqaren Mḥend Amezyan U Ḥamaduc, yeffeɣ taddert ugemmun iger ad izdeɣ deg cerɛiwen . Deg 1857, iɛsekkriyen irumyen sserɣen taddert n Icerɛiwen, rran deg mkan-is taddert i yiman nsen semman as "Fort Napoléon" (tin i wumi nessawal tura Laṛebɛa n At Yiraten).
Imawlan n Si Muḥend u Mḥend gren ar Sidi Xlifa, deg tama n Weqbu. Ɛemmi s i wumi qqaren Cix Arezqi U Ḥamaduc, yellan d amusnaw n tneslemt, isbed yiwet n tmɛemmert (Zawiya), i deg yesselmad Leqran.
Si Muhand-U-Mhand n At Hmadouch (Icarriḍen, (At Yiraten) lawhi 1845 - Aṣqif n Ṭmana (Micli) 28 December 1905) illa d yiwen umedyaz Azwaw (aqbayli) ameqqran. Ilul deg yiwet n twacult (tafamilt) d tamerkantit u yernu yeɣra di Zzawiya ddin d teqbaylit, daymi i yas rnan "SI" i yisem-is akken teggen deg ukud (lwaqt)-nni i yed ilemden di zzawiyat. Sakkin (ssin akkin) tudart umedyaz-a d tin i yettwawten mačči d kra imi di ṭrad-nni 1871 mgal temhersa Tafransist (Arumi) iḥulfa-yas nezzeh i unekcum irumyen ar tmurt iqbayliyen i tikkelt tamenzut (1857), imi ssawḍen irupiyen (fransa) ad erren Tamurt n Yezwawen dda uḍar-nsen deg useggas n 1871 (mbeɛd tanekkra n Meqrani d Faḍma At Summer, i yella daɣ d tayiratt ula d nettat). Dɣa tawacult n Si Mhand aṭas i s "iruḥen" ssin akkin, ama d akal, d tadrimt, d ulli, d wayen nniḍen. Acku Si Muh iwala akk aḍegga-yagi n trika u yernu iwala ayen ahat ur walan ara waṭas n iqbayliyen deg wukud-nni, riɣ ad semmiɣ tamhersa tadelsant (culturel domination/colonisation), imi arumi mbeɛd mi yuɣ Tamurt n leqbayel, yekkmassa yetthuddu deg Tmetti (society) Tagawawt, u yettbeddil deg yismawen n temnaḍin n tmurt, si teqbaylit (tamaziɣt n ǧerǧer, fransa aṭas n yismawen i tarra s tefransist (amdy: larebɛa n At Yiraten yuɣal d "Fort National". Ssin ɣer-es fRansa tbeddel ula d ismawen n temnaḍin n Tmurt idurar s yismawen n tmesslayt taɛrabt (amdy: iɣil "yettwsuɣal" d Draɛ ma yella d At (those of) rrant d "Ben" neɣ Beni: At Wasif, At Mendas, At Yanni, At Dwala, At Mlikec, At Saɛda, At Budrar, At Sedqa, At Jennad, At ɛisi, At Beḍrun, At ttirwal, At Tudert (wa-gi ǧǧant akken cwi am At Mangellat d kra drus nniḍen) ttwasuɣalen akk d "At Beni"! Dɣa bab-as zerfen-as (ḥkemen-as) s tmettant (lmut), gma-s n bab-as (ɛammi-s) nnfant ar Kalidunya tamaynut (New Caledonia)ukk diɣ kra lan (sɛan) imawlan-is tekkes-asent Fransa. Yemma-s d wayetma-s unagen ar Tmurt n Tunes, ma d netta yeggul ar d yeqqim di Tmurt n iqbayliyen d ledzayer, u ad yexdem ayen yufa d tawuri (ixeddim) i wakken ad yawi lqut ammar lmut, akken kan a yidir ammar tamettant. Yexdem su jurni (s wass) laked (akk) iga kra n twura ur s d nettawi yara aṭas n teɣraḍ (salary).
Tamawt : Yiwen nniḍen ahat izmer ad kemmel tasuqqilt-agi acku nekk azekka d axeddam, ad ruḥeɣ ad ṭseɣ, aql-i htutreɣ; iḍ ameggaz.
He never settled anywhere, but wandered all life long in Algiers or in other Algerian towns and villages inside and around Kabylie. Few deeds of his life are sure. The tradition remembers a visit he paid to the pious Cheikh Mohand ou-Lhocine, with whom he sustained an epic poetic dueling (which is recorded up to now), as well as a journey on foot to Tunis, where he met his brothers but was badly welcomed. He died of tubercholosis at 57 in S.te-Eugénie hospital at Michelet.


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Mi gwala annect-nni n lɣaci, Sidna Ɛisa yuli ɣer wedrar iqqim. Inelmaden-is qeṛṛben ɣuṛ-es,
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dɣa ibda isselmad-iten :
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D iseɛdiyen wid ițeddun s neyya, aaxaṭer tagelda n igenwan d ayla-nsen!
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D iseɛdiyen wid ițrun, axaṭer ad țwaṣebbṛen!
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D iseɛdiyen wid ḥninen, aaxaṭer ad weṛten tamurt i sen-iwɛed Sidi Ṛebbi!
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D iseɛdiyen wid illuẓen, iffuden lḥeqq, axaṭer ad ṛwun!
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D iseɛdiyen wid yesɛan ṛṛeḥma deg wulawen-nsen, aaxaṭer ad iḥunn fell-asen Sidi Ṛebbi!
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D iseɛdiyen wid iwumi yeṣfa wul, axaṭer ad walin Sidi Ṛebbi!
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D iseɛdiyen wid i d-isrusun talwit, aad țțusemmin d arraw n Sidi Ṛebbi!
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D iseɛdiyen wid ițțuqehṛen ɣef lḥeqq, aaxaṭer ddewla igenwan d ayla-nsen!
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D iseɛdiyen ara tilim, m'ara kkun-regmen, mm'ara tețwaqehṛem, m'ara xedmen deg-wen lbaṭel ɣef ddemma-w.
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Feṛḥet, ilit di lfeṛḥ, axaṭer ṛṛezq-nwen d ameqqran deg igenwan, aakka i țwaqehṛen lenbiya i kkun-id izwaren.
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D kunwi i d lmelḥ n ddunit, lameɛna ma tṛuḥ-as lbenna i lmelḥ, s wacu ara s-ț-id-nerr ? Yelha kan ma nḍeggeṛ-it ɣer beṛṛa a t-rekkḍen yemdanen.
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D kunwi i ț-țafat n ddunit; taddart yellan ɣef wudrar ulamek ara teffer!
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Akken daɣen, ur nceɛɛel ara taftilt iwakken a ț-nɣumm s kra, meɛna a ț-nessers ɣef lmeṣbeḥ, iwakken aț-țfeǧǧeǧ i wid akk yellan deg wexxam.
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Akka i glaq aț-țecceɛceɛ tafat-nwen zdat yemdanen, iwakken ad walin lecɣal-nwen ilhan, yerna ad ḥemden Baba-twen yellan deg igenwan.
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Ɣuṛ-wat aț-țɣilem usiɣ-ed ad sseɣliɣ ayen i d-tenna ccariɛa d wayen i d-nnan lenbiya! Ur d-usiɣ ara ad sseɣliɣ, lameɛna usiɣ-ed ad snekmaleɣ.
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A wen-iniɣ tideț : skud mazal igenwan d lqaɛa, ula d yiwen wawal neɣ usekkil n ccariɛa ur imeḥḥu, alamma yedṛa wayen akk yuran deg-s.
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Win ur nqudeṛ ara ula d yiwen n lameṛ amecṭuḥ n ccariɛa, yerna isselmad i wiyaḍ ad xedmen am nețța, ad ițwaḥseb d amecṭuḥ akk di tgelda n igenwan. MMa d win ixeddmen ayen i d-tenna ccariɛa, yerna isselmad i wiyaḍ ad xedmen akken, ad yili d ameqqran di tgelda n igenwan.
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Axaṭer a wen-iniɣ, ma yella ur tuɣem ara awal i Sidi Ṛebbi akteṛ n wakken tețțaɣem awal i yimusnawen n ccariɛa d ifariziyen, ur tkeččmem ara tagelda n igenwan.
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Teslam daɣen s leqwanen i d- ițțunefken i lejdud-nneɣ : Ur tneqqeḍ ara tamgeṛt, WWin ara yenɣen tamgeṛṭ, ad iɛeddi di ccṛeɛ, ad ițwaḥkem fell-as.
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Ma d nekk a wen-iniɣ : kra n win ara izeɛfen ɣef gma-s, ad iɛeddi di ccṛeɛ. Win ara yinin i gma-s : « ay abuhal, » ad ibedd zdat wesqamu n ccraɛ. Win ara yinin i gma-s : « ay amehbul, » yuklal ad ikcem ɣer ǧahennama.
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M'ara tțedduḍ aț-țefkeḍ lweɛda i Sidi Ṛebbi, temmektaḍ-ed zdat n wemkan n iseflawen belli gma-k iṭṭef-ak cceḥna,
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eǧǧ dinna lweɛda-nni, tṛuḥeḍ uqbel aț-ḍelbeḍ ssmaḥ i gma-k, d wamek ara tefkeḍ lweɛda-k i Sidi Ṛebbi.
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Ma yella iḍlem-ik yiwen, tedduklem di sin ɣer wexxam n ccṛeɛ, ɣiwel msefham kečč yid-es deg ubrid, m'ulac axṣim-ik a k-yawi ɣer lḥakem, lḥakem a k-yefk i wɛessas, aɛessas-nni, a k-yerr ɣer lḥebs.
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A k-iniɣ tideț : ur d-țeffɣeḍ ara syenna alamma txellṣeḍ aṣurdi aneggaru n ṭṭlaba-inek.
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Teslam belli qqaṛen-d : ur xeddem ara asekkak yeɛni zzna.
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Lameɛna, nekkini a wen-d-iniɣ : win ara imuqlen tameṭṭut, imenna deg ul-is ad iznu yid-es, atan am akken izna yid-es.
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Daymi ma yella ț-țiṭ-ik tayeffust i k-ițawin ɣer leḥṛam, qleɛ-iț, ḍeggeṛ-iț akkin fell-ak. Axaṭer axiṛ-ak a k-iṛuḥ yiwen si lemfaṣel-ik wala aț-țkecmeḍ s lekmal-ik ɣer ǧahennama.
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Ma yella s ufus-ik ayeffus i txeddmeḍ leḥṛam, gzem-it, tḍegṛeḍ-t akkin fell-ak, axiṛ-ak a k-ixaṣ ufus wala ma tkecmeḍ s lekmal-ik ɣer ǧahennama.
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Qqaṛen-d daɣen : Win ara yebrun i tmeṭṭut-is, a s-yefk lkaɣeḍ n berru .
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Lameɛna nekkini a wen-iniɣ : win ara yebrun i tmeṭṭut-is, yili ur tezni ara, d nețța i ț-iwelhen ɣer zzna ma tezweǧ d wayeḍ. Daɣen win yuɣen tameṭṭut innebran, ula d nețța yezna.
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Teslam daɣen s wayen i d-nnan i lejdud-nneɣ : Ur ḥennet ara, lameɛna ayen i tɛuhdeḍ s limin zdat Sidi Ṛebbi, ilaq a t-txedmeḍ.
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Meɛna nekk a wen-iniɣ : ur țgallat ara maḍi! Ur țgallat s igenni, axaṭer d amkan n lḥekma n Sidi Ṛebbi,
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ur țgallat s lqaɛa axaṭer fell-as i gesrusu iḍaṛṛen-is, neɣ s Lquds imi ț-țamdint n ugellid ameqqran.
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Ur țgallat ara daɣen : « s yixef n uqeṛṛuy-nwen » axaṭer ur tezmirem ara aț-țerrem ula d yiwen wenẓad d aberkan neɣ d amellal.
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Init « ih » ma ilaq aț-ținim ih, neɣ « xaṭi » ma ilaq aț-ținim xaṭi; ayen akk ara ternum d zzyada, s ɣuṛ Cciṭan i d-ițas.
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Teslam s wayen i d-qqaṛen : Tiṭ s tiṭ, tuɣmest s tuɣmest.
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Meɛna nekk a wen-iniɣ : ma yella win i wen-ixedmen cceṛ ur țțarat ara țțaṛ. Ma iwwet-ik yiwen ɣer lḥenk ayeffus, sken-as lḥenk nniḍen.
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Ma yebɣa yiwen a k-isiweḍ ɣer ccṛeɛ iwakken a k-ikkes aqenduṛ-ik, rnu-yas ula d abeṛnus-ik.
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Ma yella iḥṛes-ik walebɛaḍ a s-tbibbeḍ taɛkumt azgen webrid-is, kečč awi-yas-ț armi d axxam.
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Efk-as ayen yeḥwaǧ i win i k-d-issutren, ur reggel ara ɣef win ibɣan ad yerḍel s ɣuṛ-ek.
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Teslam i wayen i d-qqaṛen : Ḥemmel amdakkel-ik, tkeṛheḍ aɛdaw ik.
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Nekk a wen-iniɣ : ḥemmlet iɛdawen-nwen i kkun ițqehhiṛen. BBarket wid i kkun-ineɛlen, xedmet lxiṛ i wid i kkun-ikeṛhen, dɛut s lxiṛ i wid i kkun-iḍelmen, akk-d wid i kkun-ițqehhiṛen.
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S wakka ara d-tbanem d arraw n Baba-twen yellan deg igenwan, axaṭer nețța icṛeq-ed iṭij-is ama ɣef wid yelhan ama ɣef yemcumen, yețțak-ed ageffur ( lehwa) ama i wid ixeddmen lxiṛ, ama i wid ixeddmen cceṛ.
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Ma yella tḥemmlem kan wid i kkun-iḥemmlen, d acu n lfayda ara tesɛum ? Ula d imekkasen n tebzert ( leɣṛama) xeddmen akenni.
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Ma yella tețțemsalamem d watmaten-nwen kan, d acu n lxiṛ i txedmem ? Ula d imednuben xeddmen akken.
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Sfut ihi akken yeṣfa Baba-twen n igenwan.


text:
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Yenna-yasen daɣen : Yiwen wergaz yesɛa sin warrac.
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Ameẓyan deg-sen yenna i baba-s : a baba, efk-iyi-d amur i yi-d-iṣaḥen deg wayla-k. Dɣa baba-s yefka-yas amur-is.
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Mi Ɛeddan kra n wussan, ikker ameẓyan-nni ijmeɛ-ed akk amur-is, izzenz-it, ibeddel tamurt, iṛuḥ ɣer yiwet n tmurt ibeɛden. Dinna yewwi-t zzhu, yesṛuḥ ayen akk yesɛa.
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Mi i gṣeṛṛef akk idrimen is, yeɣli-d laẓ d ameqqran di tmurt nni, ula d nețța yuɣal yelluẓ.
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Yufa lxedma ɣer yiwen umezdaɣ n tmurt nni, iceggeɛ-it ad yeks taqeḍɛit n yilfan.
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Acḥal imenna ad yečč ulamma d axeṛṛub-nni i tețțen yilfan-nni, meɛna yiwen ur as-d-yefki.
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Ihi yebda yețxemmim deg iman-is yenna : « acḥal n ixeddamen yellan ɣer baba ṛwan aɣṛum, nekk yenɣa-yi laẓ dagi.
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Ad kkreɣ kan ad uɣaleɣ ɣer baba, a s-iniɣ : a baba ɛuṣaɣ Ṛebbi erniɣ-k keččini;
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ur uklaleɣ ara ad iliɣ d mmi-k, ḥseb-iyi am yiwen seg ixeddamen-ik »
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Ikker iṛuḥ ɣer baba-s. Akken qṛib ad yaweḍ ɣer wexxam, baba-s iɛqel-it-id si lebɛid, iɣaḍ-it, yuzzel-ed ɣuṛ-es. Yeṭṭef-it ger iɣallen-is isellem fell-as.
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Mmi-s yenna-yas : « a baba, ɛuṣaɣ Ṛebbi rniɣ-k keččini, ur uklaleɣ ara a yi-tḥesbeḍ d mmi-k ».
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Lameɛna baba-s ikker yenna i iqeddacen-is : « ɣiwlet awit-ed abeṛnus-nni n leḥrir selset-as-t, qnet-as taxatemt i uḍaḍ-is ternum-as isebbaḍen i iḍaṛṛen-is.
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Awit-ed agenduz-nni yeṭṭuqten tezlum-t a t-nečč, a nexdem tameɣṛa;
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axaṭer mmi-nni i ḥesbeɣ yemmut yuɣal-ed idder, yella yeɛṛeq tura iban-ed ». Dɣa bdan tameɣṛa.
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Mmi-s amenzu yella di lexla. Mi d-yuɣal, akken qṛib a d-yaweḍ ɣer wexxam, yesla i ccna d ccḍeḥ.
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Yessawel i yiwen seg iqeddacen, isteqsa-t ɣef wayen yedṛan.
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Aqeddac nni yenna-yas : « d gma-k i d-yuɣalen, baba-k ifṛeḥ aṭas imi i d-yuɣal di lehna, yezla-yas agenduz-nni yeṭṭuqten.
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Mi gesla i yimeslayen-nni, yerfa yugi ad ikcem ɣer wexxam. Baba-s yeffeɣ a t-iḥellel iwakken ad ikcem,
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lameɛna nețța yenna-yas : « acḥal iseggasen nekk qeddceɣ fell-ak, ula d yiwen webrid ur ɛuṣaɣ awal-ik, leɛmeṛ ur iyi-tefkiḍ ula d yiwen yiɣid a t-zluɣ iwakken ad feṛḥeɣ d imdukkal-iw.
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ma d mmi-k-agi i gesṛuḥen ayen akk yesɛa ɣef yir tilawin, i nețța tezliḍ agenduz-nni yeṭṭuqten! »
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Ikker baba-s yenna-yas : A mmi, kečč kull ass tețțiliḍ yid-i, ayen akk sɛiɣ d ayla-k.
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Lameɛna ilaq-aɣ a nefṛeḥ axaṭer gma-k i ḥesbeɣ yemmut atan yuɣal-ed idder, yella ijaḥ, tura iban-ed.


text:
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Walaɣ Izimer-nni ibedd ɣef wedrar n Siyun, llan yid-es meyya uṛebɛa uṛebɛin alef n yemdanen yesɛan isem n Izimer-nni akk-d isem n Baba-s țwaketben ɣef yinyiren-nsen.
2
Sliɣ i ṣṣut n tuɣac i d-yekkan seg igenni, am akken d ṣṣut n lebḥeṛ m'ara yekker, am tiyita n ṛṛɛud; ṣṣut n tuɣac-nni, yecba ṣṣut i d-ițeffɣen seg waṭas n snitrat.
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?ɣennin yiwen ccna ajdid zdat wemkan n lḥekma, zdat ṛebɛa lexluq zdat lecyux-nni. Yiwen ur izmir ad yeḥfeḍ ccna-nni anagar meyya uṛebɛa uṛebɛin alef-nni i d-yețțuselken si ddunit.
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Wigi, d wid ur nezni ara, qqimen ṣfan; anda iṛuḥ Izimer ad ddun yid-es. ?țuselken si ger yemdanen iwakken ad țțuqeddmen d imezwura i Sidi Ṛebbi akk-d Izimer.
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Ur d-yeffiɣ lekdeb seg imawen nsen, ur yelli deg-sen wayen ara sen-d yețwassukksen.


text: Kabyle(i) 1 Mi fkan lameṛ a nerkeb lbabuṛ ɣer tmurt n Selyan, ǧǧan Bulus akk-d kra n imeḥbas nniḍen i yiwen ufesyan n terbaɛt n Qayṣer, isem-is Xulyus. 2 Nerkeb deg yiwen lbabuṛ n temdint n Adramit, ara iṛuḥen rrif n tmura n Asya; nṛuḥ, yedda yid-nneɣ Aristaṛk yellan d amasiduni n temdint n Tiṣalunik. 3 Azekka-nni, newweḍ ɣer temdint n Sidun, Xulyus yețqadaṛen Bulus, ixdem-as lemziya, iserreḥ-as ad iṛuḥ ɣer imdukkal-is iwakken a s-d-fken ayen yeḥwaǧ. 4 Mi neqleɛ syenna, nɛedda rrif rrif n tegzirt n Qubṛus axaṭer iṣbeḥ-aɣ-d waḍu iǧehden si zdat. 5 Nezger lebḥeṛ n Silisya akk-d Bamfilya, newweḍ ɣer lmeṛṣa n Mira yellan di tmurt n Lizya. 6 Afesyan-nni yufa dinna lbabuṛ n Skandriya ara iṛuḥen ɣer tmurt n Selyan, isserkeb-aɣ deg-s. 7 Lbabuṛ nni yewwi-yaɣ kra n wussan s țțawil; armi neṛwa leɛtab i newweḍ ɣer tama n temdint n Knidus, imi ur aɣ-yeǧǧi ara waḍu a nqeṛṛeb, nɛedda rrif n tegzirt n Kritus, ɣer tama n Salmuni. 8 Nkemmel rrif rrif s leɛtab, armi newweḍ ɣer yiwen wemkan isem-is « Lemraṣi icebḥen », zdat temdint n Lazaya. 9 Nesṛuḥ aṭas n lweqt, lweqt n usafer di lebḥeṛ yuɣal yewɛeṛ aṭas, imi ass i deg țțuẓummen wat Isṛail di taggara n lexṛif iɛedda. 10 Daymi i sen-iɛeggen Bulus yenna-yasen : Ay atmaten, ẓriɣ belli tikkelt-agi ma nkemmel aṣafeṛ-nneɣ, a d-tili lexsaṛa mačči kan i lbabuṛ d sselɛa yellan deg-s, lameɛna tezmer aț-țeglu ula yis-nneɣ. 11 Afesyan-nni aṛumani yuɣ awal i bab n lbabuṛ akk-d win i t-inehṛen wala ad yaɣ awal i Bulus. 12 Imi lmeṛṣa-nni ur telhi ara iwakken ad sɛeddin deg-s ccetwa, azgen ameqqran n ibeḥriyen bɣan ad ṛuḥen, iwakken ma yella wamek, ad awḍen ɣer lmeṛṣa n Finikus yellan di tegzirt n Kritus; lmeṛṣa-yagi tqubel lǧiha taɣeṛbit, bɣan ad sɛeddin deg-s ccetwa. 13 Akken i d-yekker yiwen ubeḥri xfifen, ɣilen ad awḍen ɣer leqsed nsen. Refden amextaf n lbabuṛ, ṛuḥen rrif rrif n tegzirt n Kritus. 14 Lameɛna ur tɛeṭṭel ara tekker-ed yiwet n tbuciḍant iwumi qqaṛen Erakilun i d-ikkan seg idurar n tegzirt-nni. 15 Imi lbabuṛ ur s-izmir ara i tbuciḍant-nni, neǧǧa-t a t-yawi waḍu ɣer wanda i s-yehwa, 16 nɛedda seddaw yiwet n tegzirt tamecṭuḥt yeddurin ɣef waḍu, isem-is Kluda. Mi ɣ-teɣli teflukt-nni n leslak, s leɛtab ameqqran i ț-id-nessuli ɣer lbabuṛ. 17 Imi nuggad a ɣ-yawi waḍu ɣer leryuf iweɛṛen n tmurt n Libya, ncudd lbabuṛ s imurar; nerna nṣubb-ed lbac-nni s wayes i t-yețțawi waḍu, neǧǧa iman-nneɣ a ɣ-yawi ɣer wanda yebɣa. 18 Azekka-nni, imi mazal lebḥeṛ yenhewwal, nessenqes kra n sselɛa yellan deg-s nḍeggeṛ-iț ɣer lebḥeṛ. 19 Ass wis tlata, ixeddamen n lbabuṛ rnan ḍeggṛen sselɛa-nni i d-iqqimen. 20 Acḥal n wussan ur d-iban yiṭij ur d-banen itran, lebḥeṛ mazal-it yerwi, ur numin ara a nțwasellek. 21 Aṭas wussan i neqqim mbla lmakla; dɣa Bulus ibedd-ed gar-asen yenna : Ay irgazen, lemmer i yi-tuɣem awal m'akken i wen-d-nniɣ : a neqqim axiṛ di lmeṛṣa n Kritus, tili ur d-tdeṛṛu ara lexsaṛa akk-d lxuf-agi! 22 Tura ur țțagadet ara, sǧehdet iman-nwen axaṭer ula d yiwen deg-wen ur ițmețțat; ur d-tețțili lexsaṛa anagar lbabuṛ-agi ara iɣeṛqen. 23 Iḍ iɛeddan, Sidi Ṛebbi i ɛebbdeɣ iceggeɛ-ed yiwen lmelk ibedd-ed ɣuṛ-i 24 yenna-yi-d : « a Bulus, ur țțaggad ara! Ilaq aț-țbeddeḍ zdat Qayṣer, atan Sidi Ṛebbi a kkun isellek s kečč s wid yellan yid-ek ». 25 Sewṛet ihi ay atmaten! Țekleɣ ɣef Ṛebbi ad idṛu am akken i d-yenna; 26 mbla ccekk ihi a ɣ-ḍeggṛent lemwaji ɣer yiwet n tegzirt. 27 Iḍ wis ṛbeɛṭac, mazal aḍu yețhuccu-yaɣ ițțawi-yaɣ akkin akka ɣef lebḥeṛ Agrakal; di țnaṣfa n yiḍ, ibeḥṛiyen ḥussen belli ur bɛiden ara ɣef lberr. 28 Ktalen lqaɛ n lebḥeṛ s wemrar, ufan llant 29 Imi uggaden lbabuṛ a t-id-iḥaz kra seddaw-as, ḍeggṛen ṛebɛa imextafen ɣer deffir n lbabuṛ, tqelqen melmi ara yali wass. 30 Lameɛna ixeddamen n lbabuṛ țqelliben ad rewlen; ṣubben taflukt n leslak ɣer lebḥeṛ, steɛmilen am akken d amextaf ara ḍeggṛen ɣer zdat lbabuṛ. 31 Dɣa Bulus yenna i lqebṭan d lɛeskeṛ-is : M'ur qqimen ara yergazen-agi di lbabuṛ, ur tezmirem ara aț-țmenɛem! S 32 Imiren lɛeskeṛ gezmen imurar n teflukt, ǧǧan-ț aț-țeɣli ɣer lebḥeṛ. 33 Weqbel ad yali wass, Bulus inha-ten akk ad ččen cwiṭ n lqut, yenna : Ass-agi d ass wis ṛbeɛṭac ur teɛṛiḍem lqut. 34 Tura nhiɣ-kkun ihi aț-țeččem iwakken aț-țețțusellkem, ula d yiwen deg-wen ur s-ițṛuḥ wenẓad seg uqeṛṛuy. 35 Mi d-yenna ayagi, iddem-ed aɣṛum, iḥmed Ṛebbi zdat-sen meṛṛa, yebḍa-t, yebda itețț. 36 Yekkes-asen akk lxuf dɣa ččan. 37 38 Mi ččan armi ṛwan, ḍeggṛen ɣer lebḥeṛ ticekkaṛin n yirden, iwakken ad yifsus lbabuṛ. 39 Mi guli wass, ur eɛqilen ara maḍi tamurt-nni anda wwḍen. Lameɛna walan yiwen wemkan iqeṛben, iban-ed deg-s ṛṛmel, bɣan ad rren lbabuṛ ɣer dinna ma yella wamek. 40 Fsin imurar i imextafen bran asen ɣer lebḥeṛ, fsin daɣen imurar i imeqdafen s wacu nehṛen lbabuṛ; dɣa ssulin yiwen ubeḥnuq yellan ɣer zdat n lbabuṛ iwakken a ten-yawi waḍu ɣer rrif n lebḥeṛ. 41 Lameɛna wwḍen ɣer yiwen wemkan n ṛṛmel iwumi d-izzi lebḥeṛ; rran ɣer dinna lbabuṛ-nni, lǧiha n zdat teḥṣel di ṛṛmel teḥbes ma d lǧiha n deffir tebda tețṛuẓu si lqewwa n lemwaji. 42 Lɛeskeṛ bɣan ad nɣen imeḥbas-nni axaṭer uggaden a sen-rewlen s lɛum. 43 Lqebṭan-nni i gebɣan ad isellek Bulus, ur ten-yeǧǧi ara ad xedmen lebɣi-nsen. Yefka lameṛ i wid yessnen ad ɛummen, ad ḍeggṛen iman-nsen d imezwura ɣer waman iwakken ad awḍen ɣer rrif. 44 Ma d wiyaḍ a ten-tebɛen, ad ṭṭfen di telwiḥin neɣ deg iceqfan n lbabuṛ. S wakka, wwḍen meṛṛa ɣer rrif n lebḥeṛ di laman.


text:
Tafsut n Imaziɣen
Ass n 20 ibrir, d amulli n tefsut imaziɣen, amulli n tefsut n tlelli. D yiwen wass i deg a nesfugel i tikkelt tis 25 tadyant n imaziɣen. Anwa-t weqbayli ur nesli neɣ ur nessin tafsut n imaziɣen ? Anwa-t umaziɣ im’ ur yiwiḍ yissel? Wa yecfa wa ala akken it-iccenu Abranis deg yiwet si tezlatin-is maca, tura, seg weqrur-nni amecṭuḥ alma d amɣar-nni acaraf, ssnen awk anamek-is uzemz-a*. Azekka daɣen, a nemyager akk d yiman-neɣ, akk d weḥric-a axatar deg umezruy azi* n Tferka n ugafa.
Mačči d asfugel iɣ-d-yeggran ass-a, ur ɣ-yeţţak wul i waya acku gran-aɣ-n yiswan wuɣur mazal werɛad nessaweḍ, yeggra-ɣ-n webrid i mazal ur ifuk ara, ggrant-aɣ-n ccfayat ur neḥriz akken iwata...teggra-yaɣ-n tutlayt tamaziɣt i yuɣalen amzun d taǧǧalt. Ggrant-aɣ-n terwiḥin n wid yeţwanɣan di tefsut taberkant. Widak-nni i d-yekkren di 1980 d widak i d-yekkren di 2001 yiwen n yiri nsen. Timesbaniyin-nni i yeḍran di tmurt n leqbayel send iḍelli, iḍelli neɣ ass-a, ţţakent-ed udem n weqbayli i yerɣan af tilelli. Ayen awk wiɣer id-nessaweḍ ass-a,123 n imeɣrasen i nɣan iserdasen d isultiyen n udabu azzayri aɛrab inselmizri akk d ibuxusen-is, yesban-aɣ-d dakken: ger yiḍelli d wass-a, ulac dacu i ibeddlen fell-aɣ. Imi mazal neqqen arrac nneɣ am yizan, teţwaḥreṣ ugar n yiḍelli. « Aman-nni yeččuren d ḥellejɣar d nutni d nutni, bedlen-asen kan acemmux » Tafsut n imaziɣen mačči kan akka i ţ-lul-ed ger yiḍ d wass: dayen wiɣer i d-nessaweḍ, dayen awk id-yekkan zdat-es i ţ-id-ismentsen.
Idim mazal tuɣ yeḥma ass mi yeţwakkes usarag n (Dda lmulud) Mulud At Mɛammer af tmedyazt taqburt n yeqbayliyen(asarag-a tuɣ teţţuhega-n i wass n 10 meɣres), yugi-ţ udabu azzayri, teţwakkes kan akka...d amnukal n ugerzu n Tizi-Wezzu s yiman-is i s-ţ-yennan i dda Lmulud. Si tal tama, di yal adrum, bdan medden ţţarran nnehtat si cayaḍ i sen-iserkeb udabu azzayri, bdan ţţiwzagen waman...aseqqi yemmar-ed akken yerɣa. Meḥyaf-nni i isik Bu-iledyen af yeqbayliyen yezzi-d af bab-is, tefɣ-ed tiɣri n wid yugin ddel d uzaglu. Dɣa tetṭerḍeq af tikkelt, temmar-ed af yiwin yidis. Krim Belqasem d yiwen seg yiḍan n “El-Moudjahed“ i s-d-itekkan i dda lmulud, s rregmat akk d useglef; ira ad yefk iɣil i wat-is: wid-nni iɣ-d-imedlen tiwwura, wid-nni iţţarrayin af wegdud. Tamesbanit tamenzut i d-yellan di Tizi-Wezzu d tin n 11 meɣres 1980, tsembiwel addad(liḥala) n timiren. D inelmaden d tinelmadin n [[Taseddawit Asif Eisi]] d Iḥesnawen i yetṭfen tuɣḍaṭ-a, ur ẓẓrin ara kan dacu i yellan yegguni-ten …
Aɣaram asdawan n wasif ɛisi, mazal-it ar ass-a i wakken a d-yesmekti wid yeţţun, akken a ten-d-yeḥku af yiḍ-nni n 19 yebrir1980 mi d-mkuben iserdasen s yeqjan. D ahmaj i hemjen deg inelmaden d tnelmadin. Acḥal iwin ar lḥebs, acḥal ɛedmen ger-asen... A nekk seg wayaki mebla ma neţţu awk imeɣnasen i s-yefkan udem azedgan i wayen i d-yeḍran. Ur ntekk ara kan akka ma yella ur d-nudir irgazen am Ɛebbuṭ, Lunawsi, Mezdad, Saɛdi, Ferḥat Mhenni, Zituni... d yawk arrac imaziɣen i iseblen iman-nsen i wakken tadyant n 20 Yebrir a ţ-aweḍ ar tal taddart di tmurt n Yeqbayliyen. Aseggas yezzi af waya, si tama n Bgayet iɣ-d-tekka taɣrit n Imaziɣen tikkelt-a...Tafsut n 1981 Ilmeẓyen d telmeẓyin n din ččan aḥlalas n udabu azzayri, awal nsen yiwen: werǧin ad teḥlelli-d tugduţ i yeqbayliyen
Seg wass-nni, Iqbayliyen fkan awal, ggulen dakken tineţţi nsen ur tnegger u s deffir-sen ḍefren-d imaziɣen s umata. Ulayɣer a nesṭuqet awal, d timuggiyin i asenfar nneɣ. Imal n yeqbayliyen atan di tmurt nsen, iẓuran-nsen ɣzan almi anda yiwen ur yessin…Imal n tutlayt nsen atan ger tarwa-s, atan di tmurt-is, deg urebbi n warraw-is. Talalit n Amussu Adelsan Amaziɣ s tumert medden ay ţ-muggren, ass-nni i yebda umennuɣ af yidles d tutlayt nneɣ yeţţali yeţnerni almi ass-a, ulac win ur nessin xas ula cwiyya n umezruy nneɣ. Tafat iɣ-d-isiɣ Umussu d ajgagal s wiyes nerfreẓ abrid deg wi’ nteddu, nerfed aqerru nneɣ ar igenwan mebla akukru. Ula ma xas ass-a, Amussu yebḍa d icḥricen seg mi kkan ikabaren nnig-es, iswi-s amenzu n win n widak icḥemlen ayla nsen, akal nsen...
Azekka d amulli n wass mi d-tefrari tagut af wid iran seg wul tugduţ d yetṭfen deg iẓuran nsen…amennuɣ simmal irennu, agdud simmal yeţţaki. Ad rnuɣ af wayaki, amennuɣ n imeɣnasen s yimru , tamedyazt d ccna.
Maɛṭub Lwennas seg imezwura i sen-yerran tajmilt i tlawin d yergazen n tefsut imaziɣen, tasfift i d-yessufeɣ kra n wayyuren kann s deffir 20 yebrir anda icennu:
Eḥzen Lwad Ɛisi Mi yebda imenɣi Yewweḍ-iten Lɛesker deg Yiḍ Tuddar slant irkwelli, suwwent ɣer Tizi Kul abrid a yeţfeggiḍ Ur telli d tisselbi, nehwaǧ tilleli, Uqbel aɣ-ḥerren ɣer lhid. Akken nella zik a nili, Ma yella imenɣi, Wi’ mmuten ad yennerni mmi-s. A wid iḥekmen ayenni, ur nelli d ulli, Tamurt iban-d lsas-is. Tamaziɣt ad tennerni …
Ferḥat Mhenni, yeccna tafsut imaziɣen:
Nnif d lḥerma dayen yeḍran Di tefsut n Tizi Wezzu Llan d ilemẓyen d tlemẓyin fɣan-d s iberdan. Nnan-d ala dayen neɛya Si lbaṭel akk d uzaglu ...
Neɣ ayen yeccna Buǧemɛa Agraw :
Timest n 54 tensa di 62 Teggra-d tirgit deg iɣed-nni Tuɣal tecɛel di 80 Tetṭef-iţ-id tideţ n lesnin Ansi i d-isuḍ ubeḥri D leqbayel i izuggiren Mazal-aɣ d imaziɣen … Ma ţţuɣ arrac nneɣ yeɣlin, Nekk mačči d aqbayli
Lwennas d dda Lmulud Mazal-aɣ d imaziɣen Ur neţr’uz ur nkennu Ur nqebbel ara azaglu Mazal-aɣ…mazal-aɣ d imaziɣen ...
Amezruy n Tefsut n Yimaziɣen : D acu yeḍran ?[beddel]
[Tafsut n 1980 deg Tmurt n Leqbayel d tin ay ikecmen deg umezruy (ttarix) n tmaziɣt d win n Ldzayer akk-n ma tella. Deg wussan-nni, ḍrant aṭas n tɣawsiwin s tghawla, d tid ay yuraren ddurh d ameqqran deg tikli i lmend n wakkaz s tmazight deg tmurt-is. Yelha ma nessawel-d ghef way-n yedhran deg Tefsut-nni akk-n ad nefhem xir tidyanin-a. Adhris-a ay d-nuwey d tukkist (extrait) seg "Weghmis n Tedyanin n Tmurt n Leqbayel" ay yura Racid Caker deg tallit-nni u yeffeɣ-d deg tesɣunt (revue) n "Les Temps Modernes" (uṭṭunen 432-433, Yunyu-Ɣuct 1982), akk d tesɣunt Tafsut.]
Ass n lḥedd, 9 MeYres 1980 : Tasdawit n Tizi Wezzu tella tesaa imir-n sin n yiseggasen d wezgen seg wasmi ay tettwaldi yernu yufa-d lḥal yagi tga tlata yisundilen (grèves) imeqranen, aneggaru deg-sen d win ay d-yellan deg gar 17 Tubeṛ d 13 Nwembeṛ 1979. Asunded-nni gan-t Yef wugur n ugenses idetti (représentation authentique) n yinelmaden sdaxel n tesdawit. Akabar n Tirni n Weslelli AYelnaw (FLN) yella la d-yeqqar dakk-n inelmaden ara yesseḥṛasen akk-n ad gen isundilen-a d "imesmaziYen" (berbéristes) neY d imaṛksiyen imaziYen (u llan qqaren-asen "Bougiots").
Seg yimir-n, iselmaden ay llan ttwalin-ten d imarksiyen, llan ur ten-ttaznen ara ɣer Tizi Wezzu, wanag ttaznen-ten ɣer tesdawit n Sṭif. Ma d iselmaden idzayriyen ay yeghran deg Fransa llan ttqaraaen-ten u tikkwal ssagaden-ten. Yagi, deg way-n iaaddan, adtas n tikkal ur jjin ara ad d-ilint tmeskanin tidelsanin (manifestations culturelles) tidelsanin timazighin deg Tizi Wezzu. Ur jjin ara At Mengellat neɣ Yidir ad cnun, gedlen tamezgunt (pièce de théâtre) n "2000 n yiseggasen n Ṭradh" ay llan tturaren-tt-id s teqbaylit.
Kra n wussan uqbel ma yusa-d Mouloud Mammeri Yer tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu akk-n ad d-yeg asarag-is, sneṭḍen yinelmaden inazalen (affiches) deg yiYerban akk-n ad d-xebbren Yef way-a. Anemhal n tesdawit (recteur), Yas ma yella ur as-yeejib ara lḥal, yeqbel ad d-yili usarag-nni imi d aseqqamu (comité) n uYaram (cité) n Oued Aïssi ay d-yelhan s tigin n usarag-a yernu aseqqamu-a testeeṛef yes-s tedbelt (administration). D acu kan, aṭas n yinazalen ay d-yettwasYersen. Deg yiḍ n wass n lḥedd d letniyen (Yef ttnac n yiḍ), yeYra-as-d yiwen i Mouloud Mammeri, yenna-as dakk-n d netta ay d anemhal n tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu u yenna-as dakk-n asarag-nni-ines yebṭel.
Ass n letniyen 10 MeYres 1980 Azekka-nni taṣ̣ebḥit, Mouloud Mammeri yesteqsa, u d Mass Arab, anemhal (directeur) n tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu s timmad-is ay as-yennan dakk-n maci d netta ay as-d-yeYran yernu asarag-ines ur yettwamnee, ur yettuwexxer. Ɣef tizi n ttnac n wass, Mouloud Mammeri yeqlee seg Ldzayer, yedda id-s Salem Caker d yiwen n unehhaṛ iqeddcen deg CRAPE, la tteddun Yer Tizi Wezzu. Mi uwḍen Yer Dree Ben Xedda, Yef jjuj, yeḥbes-iten yiwen n wuggug (barrage) n yibulisen (uggug niḍen yella yegguni-ten deg Buxalfa).
Sdeffir ma walan lekwaYeḍ-is, ibulisen uwyen Mouloud Mammeri Yer uwali n Tizi Wezzu, u d netta ay as-d-yennan s yimi-s dakk-n asarag-ines (conférence) Yer "yisefra iqdimen n teqbaylit" yettwamnee imi ay-a "yezmer ad d-yawi ccwal", am wakk-n ay as-yenna ad yeffeY seg Tizi Wezzu imir-nni kan. YuY lḥal, awali yekcef-d ula d win ay iwekkel akk-n ad as-d-iYer i Mammeri deg yiḍ-nni u ad as-yini dakk-n asarag-is yettwamnee. Wagi d Mass Merabten, d anemhal (directeur) n COUS. Akk-a, Mammeri yeqqel yeẓra dakk-n anemhal n tesdawit ula ay t-yegren deg way-nni. YuY lḥal, anemhal n tesdawit akk d umaru amatu (secrétaire général) qqlen nnan-as i Mammeri dakk-n ay-nni yekka-d nnig n tezmert-nsen. Γef ṛṛebea d wezgen n tmeddit, llan ugar n 1000 n medden ara yettṛajun melmi ara yebdu usarag-nni. Mi ẓran dakk-n yettwamnee, bdan la ten-id-ttalin wurfan, yernu ssefran ad gen timlilit i uzekka-nni, 11 MeYres, Yef 9 n tṣ̣ebḥit.
Ass n ttlata 11 MeYres Inelmaden gan tameskant-nsen (manifestation) tamezwarut deg yizenqan n Tizi Wezzu. Γef ttesea n tṣ̣ebḥit ay mlalen u gar n 10:15 d 12:15, gar n 500 d 700 n yinelmaden ay yelḥan deg yizenqan n Tizi Wezzu, zzin-d sin iberdan Yef yizenqan imeqranen n temdint. Tikli teḥbes sdat n Useqqamu AYelnaw AYerfan (CNP) n FLN, sdat n twilayt u sdat n tesnawit (lycée) n temdint, u llan refden tiḥucay ay deg d-uran "Idles amaziY : idles aYerfan", "Awali, Aseqqamu aYelnaw aYerfan, asarag n Mammeri yettwamnee ?", "Ḥebset aqmaḍ n yedles". Uran-d daYen s tefṛensist : "Ad yeYli weqmaḍ" (répression), "Awali, Aseqqamu aYelnaw aYerfan d iqettalen". Ma s tmaziYt uran-d "TamaziYt d tameslayt-nneY", "Ad nerreẓ wala ad neknu", "Neeya deg lbaṭel".
Imeẓla (ssrabes) n weqmaḍ (respression) llan ḥedṛen s waṭas dinna : ibulisen, ijadeṛmiyen d yisexsayen (pompiers), d acu kan, ur d-giren ara iman-nsen. Kullec yeḥbes deg temdint yernu medden llan la d-ttḍillin seg ṭṭwaqi n yexxamen. Medden amzun ddan u fkan-asen lḥeqq i yinelmaden-nni, maca ur d-sbanen ara lebYi-nsen akk-n ad ttekkin neY ad eawnen inelmaden. D acu, llant kra n temYarin nnant-asen d "arrac ijehlen". Deg tmeddit n wass-nni, mlalen yiselmaden idzayriyen n tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu u uran-d aḍris (texte) n yiwet n tsakbabt (pétition), aḍris-nni gan-t d tabṛat yeldin i uneYlaf (ministre) n usselmed aelayan. Deg weḍris-nsen, iselmaden ur qbilen ara imi ay yettwamnee usarag (conférence) n umeddakel-nsen deg tesdawit, u sḥeṛsen i wakk-n ad tettuqader lḥeṛma n tesdawit (ur qbilen ara imi ara d-keccmen yibulisen Yer daxel n tesdawit ...), a m wakk-n ssuttren ad tili tlelli n wawal ladYa deg way-n yerzan idles d yiles amaziY. Tabṛat-nni zemlen-tt (stenyan-tt) ṛebein n yiselmaden (ṛebea yimuren Yef xemsa seg yiselmaden idzayriyen yellan qeddcen deg tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu).
Ass n laṛebea 12 MeYres 1980 Agraw amatu (assemblée générale) n yinelmaden n Tizi Wezzu yura-d yiwet n "tebṛat yeldin i Uselway n Tegduda". Tabṛat-nni ssuffYen-d seg-s luluf n tsukan (copies) u ferqen-tent deg waṭas n yimukan (Ldzayer, Bumerdas, atg.). Tabṛat-a yettwarun s yiles ur nqesseḥ ara aṭas d tin ay deg d-bedren yinelmaden ay-n d-yeqqar werkawal aYelnaw (charte nationale). DaYen, inelmaden bedren-d deg tebṛat-nsen akk ay-n yeḍran deg wussan-nni nnan-d dakk-n iles d yedles imaziYen ttalasen ad ttusnernin, am wakk-n d-ssuttren dakk-n tamaziYt ad teqqel d iles aYelnaw wis sin deg tmurt.
Deg Ldzayer tamaneYt, medden yeslan s way-n ara iḍerrun deg Tizi Wezzu, banen-d amzun ur uminen ara, bitt llan kra kra nnan-d dakk-n ay-a d lekdeb akk yernu ur uminen ara ula s Mouloud Mammeri dakk-n yella. D acu kan, llan kra n medden, qlilit, llan bYan ad gen tameskant (tamesbanit) deg wezniq !
Ass n lexmis 13 MeYres 1980 Iselmaden n Usudu n Tussniwin Tudmisin (institut des Sciences économiques) n Ldzayer tamaneYt) asmi ay ẓran s lexbar, gan tasakbabt (pétition) ay fkan i weYlif (ministère) akk-n ad d-sseknen dakk-n ur qbilen ara amnae n usarag-nni (conférence) n Mammeri. Aḍris-a zemlen-t (stenyan-t) ṛebein n yiselmaden, meḥsub tlata n yimuren Yef ṛebea seg yiselmaden idzayriyen (gar-asen wid iqeddcen deg PAGS [akabar amesdukli (parti communiste)] d wid iqeddcen deg tedbelt (administration)]. Deg webrid, gar Budwaw d Tizi Wezzu, amur ameqran deg yigalisen (tiplakin) akk d tseddariyin (abribus) uran deg-sent s ssbiYa : "Tugdut", "Aït Ahmed deg tmurt !", "Ḥebset assenger n yedles !", "FLN amaynut d afaci", "Akk d inmeglayen" (opposants). Tira-a uran-tent deg yiḍ n 12 d 13 MeYres. Medden walan daYen tira am tigi deg Tizi Wezzu akk d yiberdan yettalin Yer tuddar deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. Adabu yeereḍ ad yeffer akk tira-nni s tYawla s ssbiYa tamellalt neY taweṛdit, deg wass n lexmis, 13 MeYres. Ass-nni daYen ay d-yeffeY umagrad (article) amezwaru deg lbeṛṛani Yef way-n ara iḍerrun deg Tizi Wezzu. Wa d amagrad awezlan ay d-yeffYen deg weYmis afṛensis n Libération, yeḥka-d ay-n yeḍran s tidet deg wass n 11 MeYres. (Mebla ccek, d ay-n ay yejjan akk lejnas ad d-rren lwelha-nsen Yer tedyanin-a !).
Ass n ljemea 14 MeYres 1980 Medden bdan la ttmeslayen Yef tira-nni u mxallafen leṛyuy-nsen fell-asen.
Ass n ssebt 15 MeYres 1980 Terza yiwet n tfagla (délégation) n yinelmaden i tikkelt tamezwarut Yer tselwit (présidence) u tejja-n dinna tabṛat yeldin i uselway. D A. Benhabyles ay ten-yemmugren, iban-d yewhem maca ur d-yesban ara taedawt-ines. Inelmaden sseknen-as-d amek ay tettwaru tmaziYt (s tfinaY) u yenna-d dakk-n yefka tira-nni i Uselway (?). Deg temlilit-ines tis snat akk d yinelmaden ay d-yesban addud-ines (position).
Ass n lḥedd 16 MeYres 1980 Deg Ldzayer, medden la ttmeslayen dakk-n tella yiwet n tewriqt n FFS ay yettwaferqen Yef yinelmaden deg wussan-nni (yuY lḥal, d tin ay d tawriqt tis tlata ara yefreq ukabar-a deg setta n wayyuren ineggura). Tawriqt-a tessawal-d Yef tedyanin-nni n Tizi Wezzu u tenna-d dakk-n 2000 n yinelmaden ay yettekkan deg tmeskant-nni (tamesbanit) n 11 MeYres (yili ay-a ur iṣ̣eḥḥa).
Deg Tmurt n Leqbayel, ass n lḥedd 16, letniyen 17 d wass n ttlata 18 MeYres, medden gan timeskanin (timesbaniyin) deg Laṛebea n Ayt Yiraten, deg Yieeẓẓugen akk d Ein Lḥemmam. Deg Laṛebea n Ayt Yiraten, medden qqimen la tteddun deg yizenqan tlata n wussan, wa sdeffir wa. Aṭas seg wid yettekkan deg tmeskanin-a d ilmeẓyen (inelmaden n tesnawiyin [lycéens], atg.), akk d kra n yigerdan d tlawin (amur ameqran deg-sent d timYarin). Ḍrant tYawsiwin yessewhamen. Deg Laṛebea n Ayt Yiraten, medden kecmen Yer lkaziṛna u ḥettmen iserdasen (iesekṛiyen) ad d-ffYen seg-s s yiceṭṭiḍen n waddal (sport) (imi ay llan la ttgen addal) i wakk-n ad ttekkin yid-sen deg tmeskant Yef yiles amaziY. Ula d amYiwan (lmir) ḥettmen-t ad d-yeffeY, u ad yezwir i ṣ̣ṣ̣ef u ad d-yini "Ad ddren YimaziYen".
Deg yal amkan, medden rẓan jjaj d yigalisen (tiplakin) n lbenyanat n ddula u uran fell-asen isekkilen (lḥuṛuf) n tfinaY. Deg Yieeẓẓugen, yiwen n ubulis yusa-d ad yennaY medden imi ay rẓan yiwen n ugalis n FLN, dYa smaren fell-as acabcaq n ssbiYa tazewwaYt. Imsenza (ttejjaṛ) Yelqen tiḥuna-nsen maca kra nnan-d dakk-n d medden ay ten-iḥettmen ad Yelqen.
Ass n letniyen 17 MeYres 1980 Daniel Junqua yellan la iqeddec d anemyaru (correspondant) deg weYmis n "Le Monde", yedda Yer Tizi Wezzu u yebda la yesteqsay inelmaden d yiselmaden. Yeereḍ ad yesteqsi daYen kra n yemḍebbren, maca ur yessaweḍ ara (anemhal n tesdawit [recteur] ulac-it, atg.). Deg wass n 19 MeYres, yeffeY-d umagrad (article) amezwaru deg Le Monde u yeḥka-d Yef lumuṛ akk-n ḍrant (mebla azeyyed wala assenqes).
Deg tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu, inelmaden d yiselmaden la ssawalen Yef wakk ay-n yeḍran. Llan kra bYan ad d-sseknen dakk-n ur qbilen ara ad ad d-gren iman-nsen yikabaren (partis) n tenmegla (oppisition) deg temsalt-a u ad eerḍen ad sqedcen tidyanin-a deg leṣ̣laḥ-nsen, d acu kan, rran-ten deg rrif yernu jjan ay-n akk-n llan bYan ad t-gen. Tameddit-nni, Ferhat Mhenni, acennay n terbaet ImaziYen Imula iga abaraz (gala) deg telmessit (foyer) n yinelmaden deg Yiḥesnawen. Ḥedṛen azal n 1000 n yinelmaden, gar-asen anemhal (directeur) n COUS, Merabtene, yellan yeskeṛ yernu llan la smesxiren yes-s yinelmaden. Abaraz-nni yeqqel d timlilit ay yes d-sseknen yinelmaden dakk-n ur qbilen ara aqmaḍ (respression) n ddula. Timlilit-a teqqel mechuṛet imi ay sqerdcen yinelmaden s lejheṛ Yef kra n temsal tisertiyin (politiques) am tuqqla n Aït Ahmed d Boudiaf. Arezki About yellan iqeddec deg unegmi (laboratoire) n tesdawit, yessawel-d Yef yiwet n tewriqt ay n FUAA ay d-seeddan s ddaw n tewwurt n texxamt-is.
Ass n ttlata 18 MeYres 1980 Lexbar n timeskanin (timesbaniyin) ay d-yellan deg Laṛebea n Ayt Yiraten, Ieeẓẓugen d Ein Lḥemmam yelfa-d d tidet. Medden qqlen la ttwalin lumuṛ s leḥder (ladYa irgazen imeqranen), imi ugaden "lemmer ad yekker ṭṭrad aYarim (guerre civile)".
Ass n laṛebea 19 MeYres 1980 AneYlaf (lewzir) n usselmed aelayan, Bererhi, yemlal i tikkelt tamezwarut akk d Mammeri, u yessutter seg-s ssmaḥ d ameqran s yiles "aẓidan am tamemt", maca ur iban ara Yef wacu. Tikkelt niḍen, yeYra-as akk-n ad t-yenṣ̣eḥ ur yettekkay ara deg yisaragen (conférences) ay ssefran ad ten-gen yinelmaden deg uYaram (cité) n tesdawit n teqcicin deg Ben Aknoun, Yef yedles aYelnaw. Nnan-asen daYen akk-a i Mass Labidi akk d Rachid Boudjedra, imi ay ugaden lemmer ad ttekkin deg yisaragen-nni. Mammeri yessutter ssmaḥ s leḥdaqa deg teqcicin ay t-ieerḍen. Kra n teqcicin n Tdukli TaYelnawt n Yelmeẓyen Idzayriyen (UNJA) eerḍent ad frunt ugur-a, maca ur ssawḍent ara.
Ass n lexmis 20 MeYres 1980 AYmis n El Moudjahid yessuffeY-d yiwet n tebṛat n ucemmet d rregmat yettwaxetmen s yisem n K.B. (mebla ccek d Kamel Belkacem, anemhal n tira [rédacteur en chef] n weYmis-a). Tabṛat-a tetthem Mammeri (mebla ma tebder-d isem-is) belli d axabit ixeddmen akk d temharsa (colonialisme). TasYunt n "Révolution Africaine" tessuffeY-d daYen tigejdit (éditorial), ur yettwafhem ara d acu ay d-yeqsed maca, deg tgara, iwet-d deg wid ay d-yessekren ccwal deg Tizi Wezzu. Ma d aYmis n Algérie Actualité yenna-d dakk-n tirzi ay iga Chadli Yer Ccerq Alemmas d tin ay yessefra ad tt-yeg aṭas ay-a, yernu ccwal yekkren deg tmurt n Leqbayel ur yeqqin ara Yer tirzi-a. Nnig way-a, Chadli yessefra ad yerzu Yef Tizi Wezzu deg wass n 15 neY 16 MeYres. Γef way-a ay gan kra n lecYal n ucebbeḥ n temdint s tYawla deg wussan-nni.
Deg Dree Lmizan, inelmaden n tesnawiyin (lycées) eerḍen ad gen tamsekant (tamesbanit) i tikkelt tamezwarut deg wussan-nni n yimuras (vacances). Ttekkan azal n 200 n yinelmaden deg tmeskant-nni. Deg Tizi Wezzu, inelmaden gan timlilit iweeṛen ay deg kra ur qbilen ara imi ay d-gren iman-nsen yikabaren n tenmegla (partis d'opposition) am FFS, FUAA d PRS. Kra bedren-d ula d PAGS (akabar amesdukli [parti communiste]) yellan la yesseqdac ma ulac sin wid yellan "la d-ssenkaren" inelmaden). Deg temlilit-a, inelmaden n Tizi Wezzu fran-tt-id ad ddun Yer Laṛebea n Ayt Yiraten, Ieeẓẓugen d tmura niḍen u ad eerḍen ad ten-qenneen ur d-ttadren ara Yer Tizi Wezzu akk-n ad msegrawen dinna. Tameskant-nni ay Yef llan la ssawalen medden aṭas ay-a (ula deg Ldzayer) yeweeṛ akk-n ad tt-ḥebsen. IYallen n laman llan swejden iman-nsen akk-n ad wten.
Ass n ssebt 22 MeYres 1980 Iselmaden n Tizi Wezzu la ssawalen Yef tririt ara gen i umagrad-nni (article) n ucemmet d rregmat ay d-yeffYen deg El Moudjahid. YuY lḥal, amagrad-a iḥuza ula d iselmaden n tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu. Deg Ldzayer, kra n yiselmaden n tesdawit eerḍen ad d-gen tasakbabt (pétition) ara fken i El Moudjahid akk-n ad as-yeḍmen i Mammeri lḥeqq n uwajeb deg weYmis-a. Ciṭṭaḥ kan ay iqeblen ad zemlen (ad stenyin) tasakbabt-a. Ula d wid iqeddcen deg CRAPE (anda ay yella Mammeri iqeddec d anemhal [directeur]), maci aṭas ay tt-izemlen.
Ass n letniyen 24 MeYres 1980 Iselmaden n tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu ur msefhamen ara Yef lecYal ara gen. Tabṛat yeldin ay uran i uneYlaf (lewzir) weread ur tt-uzinen ara. Deg Usudu n Tussniwin Tudmisin (Institut des Sciences Economiques) deg Tizi Wezzu, anemhal Arab yessebded-d taseqqamut taslemdant (commission pédagogique). Iselmaden ssuttren deg tedbelt (administration) ad asen-tefru ugur n ussuffeY n tsukan (polycopies) uqbel n 29 MeYres. Ma ur yefri ara wugur-a, ad gen asunded (grève).
Ass n ttlata 25 MeYres 1980 Asudu n Tussniwin Tudmisin (Insitut des Sciences Economiques) n Ldzayer yebda-d asunded (grève) n tlata n wussan imi aseqqamu (comité) n usudu-nsen ur testeeṛef ara yes-s tesdawit.
AneYlaf (ministre) n UsselYu (information), Mehri, yemlal d Mammeri u yessutter seg-s ssmaḥ s leḥdaqa imi ur yezmir ara ad t-yejj ad d-yessuffeY tiririt-ines deg weYmis n El Moudjahed. Mammeri ur yebYi ara ad ikemmel asseḥṛes-ines Yef El Moudjahed, dYa yeered ad yessutter ad d-yessuffeY tiririt-ines deg Algérie-Actualité. Gar way-a d way-n niḍen, anemhal n Unadi ussnan (rechercher scientifique) n weYlif (ministère), Mass Benbouzid, akk d kra n medden n ONRS, nnan-d dakk-n ad qeblen lemmer ad d-gen amkan i usselmed n tmaziYt deg tesdawit u ad d-gen afurk (branche) n unadi deg wenrar-a. Aṭas n tsakbabin (pétitions) n wurfan n medden ara d-yettawḍen Yer udabu.
26 MeYres 1980 Gan tameskant (tamesbanit) niḍen deg Tizi Wezzu, ay deg ttekkan azal n 1000 n yinelmaden. Ibulisen ur d-giren ara iman-nsen.
30 MeYres 1980 Deg Fṛansa, Aït Menguellet yeYra-d kra n yisefra deg tewwurt n Pantin. Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan (droits) idelsanen iger-d tiYri akk-n ad msegrawen medden deg tsusmi sdat n tmahelt (ambassade) n Ldzayer deg Fṛansa.
6 Yebrir 1980 Inelmaden gan timlilit deg Yiḥesnawen (Tizi Wezzu) u fran-tt-id ad ṭṭfen u ad qqimen deg tzeqqa (salle) n assukken (reprographie) n tesdawit u gren-d tiYri akk-n ad gen tameskant (tamesbanit) deg wass n 7 Yebrir deg Ldzayer tamaneYt.
7 Yebrir 1980 Leecṛa n tṣ̣ebḥit. Ldzayer tamaneYt, deg Tsenbert (place) n Umezwaru n Mayyu. 500 n yinelmaden d yiselmaden ay yemsegrawen akk-n ad d-ssuttren dakk-n idles amaziY yettalas ad yili. Tiḥucay ay refden yura-d deg-sent "Idles aYerfan (culture populaire)", "Tilelli n wawal", "tamaziYt ur telli ara d iles adzayri ?", "tugdut tadelsant (démocratie culturelle)". Wid yettekkan deg tmeskant-a (tamesbanit) bdan la d-cennun imseYret (nnacid) n yemjuhad "Min jibalina" (Seg yidurar-nneY ay d-tuli taYect n tlelli). Ibulisen bdan la kkaten medden akk-n kan d-tebda tikli. Wten wid yettekkan u qemḍen-ten mebla ṛṛeḥma. Azal n 200 ay ssulin deg yifurguten s tiyta n tdebbuzin. Gar wid yettekkan, llan aṭas ay yettwajerḥen, gar-asen xemsa Ylin deg lkuma. Yiwen seg wid yettekkan wten-t s tdebbuzin alama ay yemmut. Deg tesdawit n Ldzayer, inelmaden deYren (bbuṭin) akk-n ad gen asunded (grève). Tasdawit n Tizi Wezzu tga asunded daYen yernu ṭṭfen-tt yinelmaden, deg-s ara ttYimin, deg-s ara gganen.
Γef leḥdac d wezgen n tṣ̣ebḥit, deg tesdawit talemmast n Ldzayer, inelmaden gan timlilit akk-n ad mciwṛen Yef tikliwin niḍen ara gen sdat n teYsart talemmast n yibulisen (commissariat central) akk-n ad sbegnen dakk-n ur qbilen ara aqmaḍ (répression).
Γef tlata n tmeddit, Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen (Comité de défense des droits culturels) yessegrew-d azal n 1000 n yemdanen deg tsusmi sdat n tmahelt (ambassade) n Ldzayer deg Fṛansa. Wid igan amsegraw-a llan bYan ad as-fken yiwen n ussumer (motion) i wenmahal (ambassadeur). D acu kan , aneggaru-a yegguma ad ten-yemmager u yenna-d dakk-n wigi ur llin d Idzayriyen. Aseqqamu yura-d yiwet n tebṛat yeldin i uselway (ṛṛayes) u iga-d tasakbabt (pétition) ara sseddun d tebṛat-nni.
Tameddit : Inelmaden n Tizi Wezzu gan timlilit ay deg ay tt-id-fran ad gen asunded amatu (grève générale) mebla tilisa, u ad qqimen ṭṭfen tasdawit.
Ass n 8 Yebrir 1980 Deg Ldzayer tamaneYt, ugar n 1000 n yinelmaden ay d-yeffYen ad ttekkin deg tmeskant (tamesbanit) u la ttberriḥen "Ad yeYli weqmaḍ (répression)", "Ibulisen d iqettalen", "Brum-asen-d i wid yettwaṭṭfen", "Idles aYerfan (culture populaire) adzayri". Llan daYen la d-cennun imesYerten (nnacidat) n tmurt. Ibulisen dehhmen-ten s ljehd Yer daxel n tesdawit. Tameskant-a teqqim ugar n snat n tsaetin. Amur ameqran deg wid yettwaṭṭfen bran-asen-d.
Deg Tmurt n Leqbayel, d luluf n yifellaḥen seg Ein Lḥemmam d Laṛebea n Ayt Yiraten ay ieerḍen ad ttekkin deg yiwet n tikli ay gan deg Tizi Wezzu. Igen (armée) yergel-asen iberdan u iḥettem-iten ad qqlen Yer tuddar-nsen. Amur ameqran deg wid yettwaṭṭfen iḍelli-nni bran-asen-d. Inelmaden n Bumerdas gan asunded (grève). Inelmaden d yiqeddacen n tesdawit talemmast n Ldzayer gan-d assumer (motion) n ueiwen n yinelmaden n Tizi Wezzu. Nnig way-a, gan-d daYen anaru (bureau) ara yesseddun lecYal n tmeskanin (timesbaniyin) deg Ldzayer tamaneYt.
9 Yebrir 1980 Amussu (mouvement) yebda la yettimYur deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. Ilmeẓyen n Yiwaḍiyen, Ayt Yanni, Ljemea n Ssarij, Delles, Buṛj Mnayel, Sidi Eic, atg. gan timeskanin (timesbaniyin) akk-n ad d-ssuttren ad as-yettunefk lḥeqq i yedles amaziY ad yili. Ass-nni deg Sidi Eic, yettwamnee ubaraz (gala) n Ferhat n ImaziYen Imula. Ibulisen ṭṭfen Ferhat.
Seg 9 ar 15 Yebrir 1980 Deg tuddar n Tmurt n Leqbayel, gan-d iseqquma n uqaree d ueiwen n yinelmaden igan asunded (grève).
10 Yebrir 1980 Akabar n Terni Weslelli AYelnaw (FLN) iga tameskant (tamesbanit) mgal n tin ay gan yinelmaden deg Tizi Wezzu.
11 Yebrir 1980 Mouloud Mammeri yuzen tiririt-ines i weYmis n El Moudjahid ay d-yessuffYen amagrad-nni (article) n ucemmet "Wid yettafken timsirin" (dduṛus). El Moudjahid yegguma ad d-yessuffeY tiririt n Mammeri. D aYmis n Le Matin ay tt-id-yessuffYen. Inelmaden gan-as-d tisukan (copies) s Roneo u ferqen-tt Yef medden ama deg Ldzayer, ama deg Fṛansa.
13 Yebrir 1980 AneYlaf (lewzir) n usselmed aelayan yemlal d yiwet n terbaet n yiselmaden n Tizi Wezzu. Inelmaden n tesnawit (lycée) n Amirouche, deg Tizi Wezzu, bdan-d asunded (grève) u ṭṭfen tasnawit-nni. Iqeddacen n sbiṭar n Tizi Wezzu uznen assumer (motion) n ueiwen i yinelmaden igan asunded akk d tebṛat yeldin i uselway (ṛṛayes) Chadli ay deg ay as-ssuttren ad yeḥbes weqmaḍ (répression). Yiwet n tewriqt yettwaferqen Yef medden (u nnan-d dakk-n n FFS) tger-d tiYri akk-n ad gen medden asunded amatu (grève générale) deg wass n 16 Yebrir.
15 Yebrir 1980 Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer (Comité de la défense des droits culturels en Algérie) iger-d tiYri akk-n ad gen tikli deg wass n 26 Yebrir sdat n tmahelt (ambassade) n Ldzayer deg Fṛansa u deg wass n Umezwaru n Mayyu seg wezniq n "Filles du Clavaire" alama d Bastille. Sbiṭar n Tizi Wezzu ṭṭfen-t yiqeddacen.
16 Yebrir 1980 Medden gan asunded (grève) ikemlen deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. Acennay Ferhat Mhenni n terbaet n ImaziYen Imula yettwaker deg Dar El Beida [deg ccerq n Ldzayer tamaneYt] Yef tizi n jjuj d wezgen n tmeddit. AneYlaf (lewzir) n usselmed aelayan ieeyyen-asen i yinelmaden n Tizi Wezzu akk-n ad qqlen Yer tYuri deg wass 19 Yebrir. Tameddit-nni, mlalen yiqeddacen n Sonelec, Sonelgaz, Sonitex, Casoral, sbiṭar n Tizi Wezzu akk d yiselmaden n yinelmaden akk-n ad d-sseknen dakk-n ur qbilen ara aqmaḍ (répression) n ddula u sbedden-d aseqqamu aYerfan (comité populaire) i usseddu n lecYal.
18 Yebrir 1980 Iminigen msegrawen sdat n tmahelt (ambassade) n Ldzayer deg Ottawa yernu gan tikli tazamalt (symbolique) sdat n wemni (parlement) akanadi.
20 Yebrir 1980 Γef lweḥda n tṣ̣ebḥit : tebda-d temhelt (opération) n Mizrana. IYallen n weqmaḍ (répression) kecmen Yer wakk imukan ay ṭṭfen yinelmaden d yiqeddacen (tasdawit, sbiṭar, lluzinat). Inelmaden yellan ṭṭsen bdan-ten s tiyta nitni mazal-iten deg wusu. Wid ara irewwlen bran-d fell-asen iḍan. Inelmaden la d-ttneggizen seg lbaṭimat n uYaram (cité) n tesdawit mebla ma lsan iceṭṭiḍen-nsen. Iselmaden ttwarefden seg yexxamen-nsen. Akk iqeddacen n sbiṭar ttwaṭṭfen, u uwyen-d deg wemkan-nsen imejjayen (iṭbiben) n leeskeṛ. La ittezzi wawal dakk-n mmuten 32 n medden u d timeyyatin ay ijerḥen. ImezdaYen n Tizi Wezzu gan asunded amatu (grève générale). Medden ur d-jjin ula d yiwen n ugalis (taplakt) yuran s taeṛabt deg yizenqan. Tamurt n Leqbayel tegzem Yef ddunit. Yettwamnee unekcum Yer-s ladYa Yef yineYmasen (imesjeṛnanen).
21 Yebrir 1980 21 seg wid yettwaṭṭfen ttucaṛeen deg Leqṣ̣er [Bgayet] u yeḥkem-d fell-asen wexxam n ccṛee ad kecmen Yer lḥebs. Medden bdan la regglen iberdan deg temdint akk d teYsart n tmacint (gare). IYallen n weqmaḍ (répression) bdan la tteddun deg yizenqan s yibeckiḍen yesean tiferyin yernu sxerben igniren (galeries) imaynuten (ahat gan ay-a akk-n ad smentsen [provoquer] medden ?). Medden sxerben ammas n tinḍi (centre d'artisanat), taYsart (station) n lkiṛan akk d tedwirt n Kharroubi. ImezdaYen n tuddar ay d-iqerben Yer Tizi Wezzu udren-d akk-n u gan tikli deg temdint-a akk-n ad d-sseknen dakk-n ur qbilen ara aqmaḍ (répression) d tmenYiwt n medden.
22 Yebrir 1980 Asunded amatu (grève générale) yuweḍ Yer wass-ines wis tlata. Mazal la regglen iberdan deg Tizi Wezzu. Imeskanen (manifestants) la tteddun deg temdint s tḥucay akk-n ad d-ssuttren ad asen-d-brun i wid yettwaṭṭfen u ad ḥebsen aqmaḍ (répression). Imeskanen refden daYen tiḥucay ay deg d-uran "ImaziYen". Ibulisen (tamunin tiYelnawin n tYellist, CNS) mmYen Yef yiselmaden seg sdeffir. Llan-d yimenYin imeqranen deg wakk imukan n Tizi Wezzu gar yibulisen d yimeskanen. Imesdurar qqlen-d Yer temdint yernu ula d nitni bdan la regglen iberdan. Sxerben inura (lbiruwat) n APS, SAA, axxam n tinḍi, anaru (lbiru) n ukabar n FLN, asensu (hôtel) n Balwa akk d tzeqqa n ssinima Mondial. Iqeddacen n sbiṭar n Mustapha Bacha, deg Ldzayer tamaneYt, bdan-d ula d nitni asunded akk-n ad msegman d Tmurt n Leqbayel.
23 Yebrir 1980 Ass wis ṛebea n ussunded amatu (grève générale). Ibulisen la ttaṭṭafen medden s waṭas u deg yal amkan. Imeskanen (manifestants) ay d-yusan seg Tegzirt nnuYen akk d yiYallen n weqmaḍ (répression) deg unekcum n temdint n Tizi Wezzu. Yella-d daYen yimenYi d ameqran deg Dree Ben Xedda.
24 Yebrir 1980 Tebda la d-tteqqel "lehna" cwiṭ, cwiṭ. Tiḥuna n tuccit bdant la leddint tameddit n wass-nni. Llan-d yimenYiyen d imeqranen gar yimeskanen (manifestants) (deg Yiwaḍiyen, Laṛebea n Ayt Yiraten d Ein Lḥemmam) d yiYallen n weqmaḍ. Igniren (galeries) imaynuten hudden seg lketṛa n sselea.
25 Yebrir 1980 IYallen n weqmaḍ ṭṭfen akk tamdint n Tizi Wezzu. Tilibizyu n Ldzayer tṣ̣ewwer-d imukan yettwasxerben. Γef lxemsa n tmeddit, anmahal (ambassadeur) n Ldzayer deg Fṛansa yemlal d weYlif (ministère) n tYawsiwin n beṛṛa deg Quai d'Orsay. Γef lxemsa u xemsin n ddqayeq, anebdad (préfet) n yibulisen n Paris yenna-as i Useqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer dakk-n tikli-nni ay ssefran ad tt-gen i uzekka-nni tettwamnee.
26 Yebrir 1980 Anebdad (préfet) yemnee tikli-nni, d acu kan, Yas ma yella Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer llan zemren ad t-ttehmen, yessYer aqerru u iger-d tiYri deg weYmis (ajeṛnan) d ṛṛadyu akk-n ad d-asen ttekkin medden deg tikli-nni. 500 n yemdanen ay yettekkan. 400 seg-sen ṭṭfen-ten yibulisen u uwyen-ten Yer Vincennes anda ay ten-qellben, weṣ̣ṣ̣fen-ten yernu gan-asen tisenta (fiches). Tadukli (Amicale) n Yidzayriyen deg Fṛansa tessegrew-d 200 n yemdanen akk-n ad smentsen (provoquer) wid ara yettekkin deg tikli-nni, usan-d deg lkiṛan Yer Paris yernu llan ttuxellaṣ̣en s wass.
29 Yebrir 1980 Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer yessefra ad yeg tikli tasusamt deg wass n 1 Mayyu, d acu kan, anebdad n Paris yemnee tikli-nni imi "ay tezmer ad d-teglu s ccwal".
10 Mayyu 1980 Matoub Lounes iga abaraz (gala) deg Olympia (deg Paris). Medden gan ddqiqa n tsusmi akk-n ad msegman d umussu aYerfan (mouvement populaire) deg Ldzayer.
12 Mayyu 1980 Tasdawit n Ldzayer tga asunded (grève).
16 Mayyu 1980 El Moudjahid yessuffeY-d umuY (liste) n 24 n yimeḥbas u yenna-d dakk-n wigi ad eeddin deg ccṛee n laman n ddula deg Lemdeyya.
18 Mayyu 1980 Deg Tizi Wezzu gan asunded amatu (grève générale), medden akk ttekkan deg-s (ala igniren [galeries] imaynuten n Ldzayer.
19 Mayyu 1980 Deg Ldzayer gan tameskant (manifestation) mgal n weqmaḍ (répression).
24 Mayyu 1980 Inelmaden gan timlilit deg tesdawit talemmast n Ldzayer, maca mmYen fell-asen wid ay yessexdam udabu.
25 Mayyu 1980 Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer yessuffeY-d "Tabṛat yeldin i Chadli" sdeffir ma yessegrew-d 3522 n tekbabin (signatures).
3 Yunyu 1980 Aseqqamu agraYlan n ueiwen n teYtas n weqmaḍ deg Ldzayer (Comité international de soutien aux victimes de la répression en Algérie) yessuffeY-d tasakbabt-ines (pétition). Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer sbedden-t-id s tidet u yessegrew-d 140 n tekbabin (signatures) sYur yemdanen yettwassnen deg tesdawiyin d tẓuri (art).
21 Yunyu 1980 Γef jjuj n tmeddit, Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer (CDDCA) akk d Useqqamu agraYlan mgal aqmaḍ (répression) gan timlilit sdat n Taggazt n Leqdic (Bourse de travail) deg Paris. Gar yiberriḥen (slogans) ay d-nnan medden : "Ḥebsem aqmaḍ", "Brum-asen-d i yimeḥbas akk mebla ccuruṭ", "ilsawen iYerfanen (populaires) (taeṛabt n Ldzayer d tmaziYt d ilsawen iYelnawen". Akk tuddsiwin (organisations) d yemdanen idzayriyen d yefṛensisen yettwassnen ttwaeerḍen-d Yer temlilit-a. Ttekkan deg-s akk wid ay yesteeṛfen s yimenzayen-a (principes). CDDCA, ASEP, UNEF, LCR, FEN, FO, OCI, FFS. Ma Djamel Allam akk d terbaet n Djurdjura gguman ad ttekkin deg temlilit-a. Ferhat d Aït Menguellet llan ttwaṭṭfen deg Ldzayer.
25 Yunyu 1980 Deg Tizi Wezzu, medden gan ass n webdad i lmend n yimeḥbas. Γef tmanya n tmeddit, Tanegga n TYamsa Tadzayrit (APS) tenna-d dakk-n 24-nni n yimeḥbas n Berrouaghia ad asen-fken tilelli takudant (liberté provisoire) i uzekka-nni.
26 Yunyu 1980 Teqlee yiwet n terbaet, deg-s aṭas n tkeṛwas, seg Tizi Wezzu, akk-n ad d-awyen imeḥbas-nni umi d-bran. Wigi, mi ten-id-ssawḍen Yer Tizi Wezzu, gan-asen tameYra.
UmuY n 24-nni n yimeḥbas n Berrouaghia :
1- ABBUT Arezki 2- CEMIM Meqqran 3- AGGUN Aḥmed 4- ḤALET Racid 5- AḤMED ZAYED Yidir 6- XELLIL Saeid 7- At Wakli Racid 8- LAMARI Idriss 9- AIT LARBI Arezki 10- LUNAWSI Mulud 11- ALI CCIX Ubraham 12- NAYET ABDELLAH Muḥemmed 13- BACA Mustafa 14- RACIDI Muḥemmed 15- BEN AMUN Kamal 16- SAADI Mulud 17- BELƔEZLI Acur 18- SAEDI Saɛid 19- BERDUS Mammar 20- STIET Muḥamed 21- BURRIF Salaḥ 22- TARI Laziz 23- BRAHIMI Ali 24- ZENATI ǧamal
Racid Caker yemmut deg wass n 5 Ɣuct 1980 deg yiwet n twaYit n webrid ay deg mmuten ula d tameṭṭut-is, memmi-s d yemma-s. Yella d aselmad amalal (assistant) n tdamsa (économie) deg tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu. Yettekka deg umussu (mouvement) n Tefsut n 1980 deg umazday (collectif) "mgal n weqmaḍ" (anti-répression) deg tesdawit.
TiYbula: http://membres.lycos.fr/cicbgayet/ch20avril80.html
Tasuqilt sYur Omar MOUFFOK
1980 : Abeddel ameqran[beddel]
"Tafsut n YimaziYen" n 1980 d yiwet seg tedyanin tisertiyin (politiques) timeqranin akk deg Ldzayer timziregt (indépendante).
Uqbel, tamsalt n tmaziYt tella tenkeṛ-itt ddula yernu imassanen (savants) llan qqnen fell-as allen, neY ur ttwalin-tt d tamsalt ur nesei azal meYYren, d tin yeqqnen s afulkluṛ. D acu kan, asmi ay d-ḍrant tedyanin n 1980, tamsalt-a deg yiwen webrid kan tban-d u yegget fell-as wawal.
Timeskanin (timesbaniyin) akk d yimenYiyen ay d-yellan gar medden d yiYallen n ddula deg wakk timiwa n Tmurt n Leqbayel akk d Ldzayer tamaneYt gar MeYres n 1980 d Mayyu n 1981 sseknen-d dakk-n wid yessutturen tamaziYt ur llin d aggagen (intellectuels) imeezulen, wanag d ay-n yerzan u bYan-tt akk wid yessawalen tamaziYt deg Ldzayer.
"Tafsut n YimaziYen" d tin ay d-yemlan dakk-n medden ukin-d u bdan la ttxemmimen ad d-neṭqen, ad d-ssiwlen i yiman-nsen Yef way-n bYan deg yiwet n tmurt anda ddula tella tebYa ad d-tessken dakk-n kullec deg-s yeddukkel. Uqbel, tasertit (politique), tasnakta (idéologie) d yedles llan s ddaw n umunupul n ddula yernu d tamenḍawt (consitution) ay as-iḍemnen ay-a. U deg way-n yerzan iles, ulac kra n tlelli deg tmurt imi seg wasmi ay tuwey Ldzayer azarug-ines (indépendance), akk timenḍawin n tmurt qqarent-d dakk-n d "taeṛabt ay d iles aYelnaw unṣ̣ib (national et officiel) n tmurt".
Iḍrisen n llsas (textes fondamentaux) n tmurt d nitni sskanayen-d s lejheṛ dakk-n d ddula kan ay yettalasen ad teṭṭef asselYu (information) u ad t-tesseddu s yiles ay as-yehwan. TiYawsiwin banent ugar mi ara nYer tizzwariyin (préambules) ay d-uran i tmenḍawin (constitutions), d tid-nni umi qqaren "irkawalen iYelnawen" (chartes nationales).
D acu kan, seg wasmi ay teedda Tefsut n 1980, lejyal n yelmeẓyen bdan la d-sskanayen dakk-n ugin ineḍfaren-nni (dogmes) ay yettwaḥettmen fell-asen.
D ljil s lekmal-is n yelmeẓyen, d imezdaYen akk n Tmurt n Leqbayel ay d-yekkren u ssuttren "asteeṛef s yiles amaziY" d u ad asen-tettunefk "tlelli n wawal".
D tadyant yesean iẓuran lqayit
Assutter n tmaziYt yesea iẓuran ijehden deg wegdud, d ay-n ara idumen yernu ur yezmir ad yettussusem. Amnae n usarag (conférence) n Mouloud Mammeri deg wass n 10 MeYres 1980 d ifeṭṭiwej ay d-yessaYen urfan yellan ffren seg zik-nni. Yagi, deg Tmurt n Leqbayel, medden llan wwan u rran urfan-nsen Yer daxel seg tezwara n yiseggasen n 1970.
Tasdawit n Tizi Wezzu, yettwaldin deg 1979, tejbed-d aṭas n waggagen, teqqel d amkan anda ay ttemlilin akk wid yeYran deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. Ay-a yurar dduṛ deg ussenker n tmeskanin-nni (timesbaniyin). Maca Yas ma yella d tasdawit n Tizi Wezzu ay yeqqimen acḥal n ledwaṛ la tessedday deg tmeskanin-nni, ay-n ay d-yesnekren medden ur yeqqin ara kan Yer temsal taggagin (intellectuelles). Amur ameqran deg yimezdaYen n Tmurt n Leqbayel ḥulfan dakk-n terza-ten temsalt n ussutter n tmaziYt yernu ttekkan deg tedyanin-nni. YuY lḥal, seg wasmi ay tuwey Ldzayer azarug-is (indépendance), ula d yiwen wass ur d-llint tmeskanin (timesbaniyin) timeqranin am tid ay d-yellan deg wussan-nni n tefsut. Ama deg Tizi Wezzu, ama deg Bgayet, d ledwaṛ ay qqimen medden la ttgen timeskanin (timesbaniyin). Ula deg temdinin timecṭuḥin, ffYen-d medden akk-n ad d-sseknen dakk-n ur qbilen ara tikli n ddula (Ein Lḥemmam, Laṛebea n Ayt Yiraten, Dree Lmizan, BuYni, Ieeẓẓugen, Amiẓur, Sidi Eic, Aqbu, atg.), ula deg tuddar.
Γas ma yella kra n yimanayen (observateurs) ifṛensisen nnan dakk-n ala deg Tizi Wezzu d tama-ines ay d-llant tedyanin, Tamurt n Leqbayel akk tewlawel, s "tmeqrant", s "tmecṭuḥt". Bitt, tikkwal, kra seg yimenYiyen ay d-yellan deg "tmecṭuḥt" (Bgayet d yeYzer n Ṣṣ̣umam) ugaren wid ay d-yellan deg Tizi Wezzu. Aqmaḍ (répression) ur yezgil ula d yiwet n tama. Tubiret d Bgayet, Yas ma llan kra ay yettwalin dakk-n txuṣ̣ṣ̣ timmuzYa-nsent, uYent tiytiwin ijehden ugar n tid ay tuY Tizi Wezzu. Akk-n yebYu yili, Yas ma yella kulci yebda-d seg Tizi Wezzu, ddula ur twit ara medden deg-s akk-n ay ten-twet anda niḍen yernu seg 1980 d asawen, teqqel tettḥadar tamdint-a d tmura ay d-iqerben Yer-s.
Tamsalt n tmaziYt dindin kan tefreq u tennul aṭas n tmiwa n tmurt n Ldzayer. Yernu d ilmeẓyen s umata ay tt-yettnaYen fell-as, dYa d ay-n ay aY-yejjan ad d-nini dakk-n amussu-a (mouvement) d win ara idumen u ad yeseu azal meYYren deg uzekka n tmurt. Ddula teereḍ ad tesseddu awal dakk-n wid ay d-yesnekren tamsalt n tmaziYt d kra n yemdanen ur nemein, ur nesei azal yernu "jjmen tallit n Fṛansa", maca ay-a ur yelli d tidet, wanag wid yennuYen Yef temsalt n tmaziYt ggten u meẓẓiyit.
Amur ameqran deg wid irefden tamsalt-a dima llan sean s ddaw n 25 n yiseggasen deg leemeṛ-nsen. Wid yerYan fell-as aṭas, amur meYYren deg-sen d inelmaden n tesnawit (lycée), yernu ur tteeddin ara i eecrin n yiseggasen deg leemeṛ. Akk-a ay yella lḥal ama deg tmeskanin (timesbaniyin) n 1980, ama deg wakk tid ay tent-id-iḍefren. Akk-a daYen ay yella lḥal deg tmeskanin-nni ay d-yellan deg Nwembeṛ n 1985 : ixxamen n ccṛee n Tmurt n Leqbayel ḥekmen s lḥebs Yef wazal n meyya n yelmeẓyen Yef ljal n "ccwal" ay snekren deg yiberdan, akk-n ma llan d inelmaden n tesnawit (lycée). Ljil-a n yelmeẓyen d Ldzayer ay ten-yesseYren akk yernu ur ssinen ara Fṛansa ... Γas ma yella nga-as dakk-n wid ay d-yesnekren timeskanin-a (timesbaniyin) d imdanen yeYran s tefṛensist yernu ahat jjmen kra n zzman ieeddan, amek ara d-nessefhem dakk-n ilmeẓyen n Tmurt n Leqbayel ay tessYer ddula n Ldzayer ad ddun d wid yebYan ad rren Ldzayer Yer deffir ?
YuY lḥal, tasertit-nni (politique) n usseeṛeb ur tessaweḍ ara ad d-teqlee "ay-n ay d-yeqqimen" seg temsalt n tmaziYt seg Tmurt n Leqbayel wanag d assejhed ay tt-tessejhed. Takti (lfekra) n tmaziYt tuY akk timiwa n Tmurt n Leqbayel deg lweqt ay deg ddula tella tugi-tt u la tt-tettḥaṛab seg lqaea. D ti ay d tiYawsiwin ay wuYur yessefk ad d-rren lwelha-nsen wid yesseddayen lumuṛ n ddula.
Amussu (mouvement) n tmaziYt ur yelli ara daYen yezmer ad yettwarnu, imi ay d-yenker deg yiwet n tallit ay t-ieawnen Yef way-nni, d tallit ay deg ikabaren (partis) uffiren (gar-asen FFS n Aït Ahmed d kra n trebbae timecṭuḥin n uzelmaḍ) gren-d iman-nsen, d acu kan, medden maci d ikabaren-nni ay ḍefren wanag ay-n ay ten-yessewlawlen yugar ay-a. YuY lḥal, ikabaren n tenmegla (opposition) deg Ldzayer qqimen d uffiren alama ay d tagara n 1988, yernu ula d yiwen wass ur ssawḍen ad rṣ̣un iman-nsen deg wegdud u ad yaY uẓar-nsen deg-s u ad idum, yernu ula d yiwen wass ur gin kra n tigawt (action) ara idumen akk-n ad qablen tasertit (politique) n ddula.
Akk iYallen isertiyen (politiques) ay temnee ddula llan d uffiren, ur zmiren ara ad gen kra ara d-yawin lfayda ibanen, ur llin ara sean isenfaren (projects) ibanen, llan ttwaqemḍen (réprimer) dima neY sya Yer da, dYa ula d yiwet seg trebbae-a ur tessaweḍ ad d-tban, ad tif tiyaḍ neY ad temnee seg uqaree d weqmaḍ (répression) n yibulisen.
Amussu (mouvement) adelsan amaziY yefhem seg tazwara dakk-n ur yessefk ara ad d-yeYli deg snat n tfexxtin : tamezwaurt, ur yessefk ara ad yeqqel d uffir, tis snat, ur yessefk ara ad yeqqim s ddaw tecḍaḍt n yikabaren (partis). DYa, wid ay t-id-yesnekren deg yiseggasen n 1980, ssawlen-d s lejheṛ, ẓran-ten medden. YuY lḥal, mi ara nwali Yer ussirem-nsen, Yer tmuYliwin d uxemmem-nsen, ad nẓer dakk-n wid yennuYen Yef tmaziYt glan-d s ubeddel ameqran deg tmurt n Ldzayer, snekren-d tagrawla (révolution) n tidet : medden qqlen zemren ad ssiwlen s lejheṛ, deg webrid, yernu yettwakcef-d weqmaḍ-nni (répression) ay tqemmeḍ ddula n Ldzayer s kra n win ara d-yessiwlen. D ay-a ay yejjan ad d-yekker yiwen n ljil n yimeYnasen (militants) ur nettagad, d wid iwejden ad nnaYen akk d weqmaḍ n ddula u ad bedden Yef wawal-nsen alama d ṭṭerf. Zik, akk-n ad tessens urfan n medden, ddula tella tettaṭṭaf wid ay d-yessenkaren timeskanin (timesbaniyin) neY tḥebbes medden yettekkan deg trebbae ur nelli, neY deg trebbae, seg wasmi ay tent-id-sbedden llan yagi deg-sent yemdanen iqeddcen d yiYallen n laman, maca, asmi ay d-yekker ljil-a amaynut n yelmeẓyen, tiYawsiwin qqlent ur la tteddunt ara am wakk-a. Tieeqqayin n tmaziYt Ylint u mYint-d deg yal tama, d ay-n ay d-yesnekren aṭas n medden, mi tensa tmes da, ad d-tekker anda niḍen. Yeqqel yimenYi iban, yettili-d s lejheṛ, d imenYi s ljehd n yiYil ay yekksen tugdi akk d tsusmi seg wulawen n medden. Yekkes lweḥc-nni izedYen medden zik-nni, deg tallit n Boumediene, asmi ay llan ttxemmimen dakk-n iYallen n ddula llan deg yal amkan.
D acu kan, yessefk daYen ad nẓer dakk-n deg 1980, ddula n Ldzayer tella la tettbeddil : tamettant (lmut) n Boumediene tessewlawel akk ddula d werkad ay tella terked-it zik-nni, yernu adabu (autorité) n Chadli Bendjedid ur yejhid ara akk. D ay-a ay yejjan ddula amzun temmehmeh, ur teẓri ara d acu n tikli ara d-tawi akk d tmeskanin-nni (timesbaniyin) n 1980, ladYa imi ula d yiwen wass ur d-llint tedyanin timeqranin am tid-nni yernu tella ddula ur tebni ara fell-asent ad d-ilint. Tlata n wayyuren ay teqqim ddula eerqent-as, tikkelt ad tesseqdec iYil (dYa tiyita ijehden akk d tin n 20 Yebrir, asmi ay mmYen yibulisen Yef tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu), tikkelt, teerreḍ ad tessens times, am wasmi ay d-bran i 24-nni n warrac "ay d-yesnekren ccwal" sdeffir ma eeddan deg ccṛee n laman n ddula). Taggara, ddula tefren ad teqbel tamsalt n tmaziYt, ad tt-teddem u ad d-telhu id-s akk-n ad tezmer ad tt-teḥkem, yili uqbel tella teffeY-as akk afus. D acu kan, deg tallit-nni n ukukru n ddula, wid ay d-yesnekren amussu (mouvement) amaziY ssawḍen ad d-sseknen dakk-n tamsalt n tmaziYt tesea iẓuran lqayen deg wegdud : medden gan sin n yisudiden imuta (grèves générales), llant-d aṭas n tmeskanin, llan-d aṭas n yimenYiyen u qqlen yimenYiyen-nni weeṛen u meYYrit ugar sdeffir n 20 Yebrir. Seg wasmi ay tuwey Ldzayer azarug-ines (indépendance), d tikkelt tamezwarut ay deg ara d-kkren yimezdaYen n yiwet n tama s lekmal-is u ssawḍen ad bedden acḥal n ledwaṛ deg wudem n ddula.
S way-a, d imeYnasen (militants) n yedles, amur ameqran deg-sen meẓẓiyit, yernu deg tallit-nni tella texḍa-ten tsertit (politique) neY akk-n kan ay bdan keccmen deg-s, ssawḍen ad gen ay-n ur igi ula d yiwen n ukabar aserti (parti politique) n menwala ar imir-n : bedden s lejheṛ deg wudem n ddula yernu idum webdad-nsen alama ay ḥettmen ddula ad testeeṛef s temsalt-nsen yernu ad tessenqes seg teqseḥ n weqmaḍ-ines (répression).
1980 : Tadukli n waggagen* d wegdud
- intellectuels
"Tafsut n YimaziYen" n 1980 tella-d deg yiwet n tallit ay tt-ieawnen akk-n ad d-tili : imeYnasen (militants) n tmaziYt qqimen la qeddcen azal xmesṭac n yiseggasen deg yedles, Yas s tuffra, imeYnasen yerYan aṭas Yef temsal-a bdan la keccmen tasertit (politique) yernu tebda la tettwabnay cwiṭ, cwiṭ yiwen n uẓeḍḍa (réseau) n "yimeYnasen imesmaziYen" (amazighistes). Gar way-a d way-n niḍen, Tizi Wezzu tella la tettnerni s tYawla, dYa, sdeffir ma tella d tamdint yeqquren, teqqel d tamdint meYYren deg tama-nni. Deg 1979, tettwaldi tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu, dYa d nettat ay d ssebba ay yejjan Tafsut n 1980 ad d-taY. Γas ma yella timeskanin (timesbaniyin) n 1980 maci d aggagen (intellectuels) d yesdawanen (universitaires) kan i yiman-nsen ay tent-igan, maca tildin n tesdawit deg Tizi Wezzu d ay-n yuraren dduṛ meYYren deg tmeskanin-a yernu d nettat ay yejjan amussu (mouvement) ad yimYur.
Amussu (mouvement) amaziY, asmi ay d-yeṭṭerḍeq, yelfa-d d ameqran, xelḍen deg-s akk medden yernu ur iṣ̣eggem ara aṣ̣eggem ay ijehden, dYa d tasdawit ay yuraren dduṛ deg usseqeed d usseddu n lecYal n umussu-nni.
Γef way-a, maci deg lbaṭel ara teerreḍ ddula n Ldzayer ad tessenqes seg ljehd n tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu (imi ur tezmir ara ad tt-tekkes) : akk isenfaren (projets) n wesnerni n tesdawit-a llan ttuwexxaren, sneqsen seg-s inelmaden alama ay d ay-n kan, ttwakksen seg-s yinurar n usselmed s lekmal-nsen yernu iban dakk-n ddula tebYa ad terr tasdawit-a d tarbaet kan n yiYerbazen (llakulat) n yisuda (insituts) n usselmed aelayan, ay deg ur ttilin ara waṭas n yinelmaden u ad ifsusen i weḥkam.
Tafsut n 1980 tessken-d daYen dakk-n tella-d tdukli gar waggagen imeYnasen (intellectuels militants) d wegdud deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. Ay-a yesskanay-d ay-n gant trebbae deg lYerba seg 1965 alama ay d imir-n d ay-n yeddan d way-n yebYa wegdud, yernu leqdic-nsen yegla-d s lateṛ d ameqran deg tmetti (société) n Tmurt n Leqbayel.
Werjin yewlawel wegdud deg Tmurt n Leqbayel u deg Ldzayer akk akk-n yewlawel asmi ay sdukklen waggagen (intellectuels) iYallen-nsen akk d wegdud, u d ay-a ay yejjan amussu (mouvement) amaziY ad d-iban s lejheṛ u ad yimYur akk-n ad yaY akk Tamurt n Leqbayel akk d Ldzayer tamaneYt u ad yeqqim akk-n ugar n useggas (seg 10 MeYres 1980 ar 19 MeYres 1981).
1980 : d tiyita ay d-yejjan lateṛ
Deg yiseggasen ay d-iḍefren tafsut n 1980, nezmer ad nger tamawt dakk-n amussu (mouvement) amaziY yekka Yef snat n talliyin yemgerraden (yemxallafen). Talliyin-a mgerradent ama deg tegnit ay deg d-llant, ama deg tsudist-nsent (stratégie).
Tallit n MeYres 1980 ar Ctembeṛ 1981, nezmer ad as-nsemmi "tallit yeḥman", d tin ay deg yella waṭas n leqdic akk d tmeskanin (timesbaniyin) timeqranin deg webrid (ama deg Tmurt n Leqbayel neY deg Ldzayer tamaneYt), timliliyin, inejmuyae yemgerraden, timsirin (dduṛus) n tmaziYt (ama deg Ldzayer neY deg Tmurt). YuY lḥal, imir-n, wid ay d-yesnekren u sseddan amussu (mouvement) amaziY dindin kan ukin dakk-n timsal n tmagit (identité) tamaziYt d tid wuYur d-rran medden lwelha-nsen yernu aṭas n medden ay yewlawlen fell-asent. Akukru n ddula akk d beddu n weskasi (débat) Yef yedles deg tmurt n Ldzayer d ay-n ay yejjan imeYnasen (militants) ad faṛsen tagnit u ad sdumen lḥeṛs Yef ddula. YuY lḥal, imeYnasen ssarmen ad teg ddula kra n tYawsa ibanen i tmaziYt, ad teldi tiwwura u lxerṣ̣um ad teqbel ad tettusselmed tmaziYt u ad yili unadi fell-as deg tesdawiyin n Tizi Wezzu akk d Ldzayer tamaneYt. D ay-a ay yes d-yeweed uneYlaf (lewzir) n usselmed aelayan n tallit-nni, A. Bererhi.
D acu kan, dindin kan teqqel ddula Yer weqmaḍ-ines. Tebda la tferren wid ara teṭṭef u ad ten-tawey Yer lḥebs (maci d imeYnasen n menwala) i wakk-n ad tesseereq tikli i umussu (mouvement) amaziY.
Asmi ay ifuk useqqamu alemmas n FLN askasi-ines (débat) Yef yedles aYelnaw ay d-yellan gar Yunyu d Yunyuz n 1981, iga-d timeYtusin (résolutions) Yef yedles, dYa tebda tikli n ddula la d-tettban. Ddula teawed yefren ad tkemmel deg timuYliwin-ines tiquranin imi askasi-a yefra-tt-id dakk-n tamagit (identité) tadzayrit d taeṛabt-tineslemt. Llan kra n yemdanen seg wid yettekkan deg weskasi-nni, nnan-d dakk-n mazal zemrent ad ilint lemcawṛat Yef temsalt-a (Yas ma yella timuYliwin n yemdanen-a llant beedent s waṭas Yef tid n yimeYnasen [militants] imaziYen), d acu kan, d wid yettnaYen Yef tesnakta (idéologie) taeṛabt ay yernan deg weskasi-a. Yagi, aṭas n yiseggasen seg wasmi ay bdan yemsaeṛaben (arabistes) d yemsaeṛaben-isenselmen (arabo-islamistes) la keccmen u la ttaṭṭafen akk tisuda (institutions) n tesnakta n ddula, ladYa deg yedles, deg usselmed u deg ukabar (parti) n FLN.
ImeYnasen (militants) n tmaziYt eerḍen tikkelt taneggarut "ad ḥeṛsen ddula swadda", dYa gren-d tiYri i medden, deg wass n 26 Ctembeṛ, akk-n ad gen asunded amatu (grève générale) u ad Yanzun (boycotter) aYerbaz (llakul), d acu kan, tikkelt-nni, medden ur ten-ḍfiren ara akk-n yessefk acku, mebla ccek, ur yeffiY ara fell-asen way-nni deg tegnit-nni. DYa, iban-asen-d i yimeYnasen n tmaziYt dakk-n ulac d acu ara asen-d-tefk ddula, wanag taneggarut-a la tqeddec akk-n ad yeqqim kullec akk-n yella zik, bitt, tebda la tqeddec akk-n ad tessejhed asseeṛeb. Ay-a iban-d deg tuqqla (rentrée) Yer tesdawit deg 1981, imi ay teezem ddula ad tesseeṛeb akk ifurkawen (branches) n tussniwin talsanin (sciences humaines) deg tesdawit. DYa iban dakk-n ddula tebYa d nettat kan ara iḥekmen tasnakta (idéologie) sdaxel n tesdawit.
Seg yimir-nni, imeYnasen (militants) n tmaziYt eawden ṣ̣eggmen iman-nsen akk-n ad d-awin tikli ara idumen, yernu d ay-n kan ara yeffYen fell-asen. DYa bdan la d-ssuffuYen tisufaY (publications), Yas seint ara ttesriḥ, maca ddula ur tgi acemma akk-n ad teḥbes afraq-nsent, yernu tisufaY-a llant d ttawil ay yes sseddan yimeYnasen isalan (lexbarat) ilelliyen akk d weskasi-nsen (débat) Yef tekta (lfekrat) deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. DaYen, sbedden-d yimeYnasen tirebbae n leqdic Yef yinurar yerzan iles d yedles : dYa bdant trebbae-a la qeddcent Yef usseqeed n yiles amaziY (la d-bennun awalen itekniyen [techniques]), u ssawḍen ad d-ssuffYen iqeddicen yemmuzzgen (spécialisés), werjin ttwagan-d uqbel deg tmaziYt, am "Tmawalt n Tusnakt" (Léxique de mathématiques). DaYen, bdan yimeYnasen la ttgen timsirin (dduṛus) i usselmed n (tira) tmaziYt s tuffra. S way-a, qqlen yimeYnasen ur la ttnadin ara ad asen-d-tefk ddula kra, wanag llan la qeddcen yal ass akk-n ad d-bnun amussu (mouvement) ijehden ugar yernu d win ur nezmir ad yens : d idles amaziY ay izemren i yiman-is yernu yettuwehha Yer yimal (avenir). D ay-a ay yejjan imeYnasen ad d-sbedden tasYunt (revue) Tafsut, ay yettwagan i lmend n tezrawin d weskasi (études et débats). Tafsut teqqel d ttawil ay deg aggagen (intellectuels) imaziYen qqlen la d-ttarun ay-n ttxemmimen Yef temsal n yedles.
DaYen, yella mazal la d-yettili wembaddel gar waggagen (intellectuels) d wegdud deg Tmurt n Leqbayel; llant aṭas n tegnatin ay deg ttemlilin am yibarazen (galas) d leqdicat ay d-yettilin ladYa deg tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu. YuY lḥal, deg yiseggasen ay d-iḍefren tafsut n 1980, tkemmel teddert tdukli-nni yellan gar waggagen d yegdud, u ay-a yettban-d s tmeskanin-nni (timesbaniyin) ay d-yellan deg yiseggasen n 1980, u ay deg tikkwal llan-d yimenYiyen meYYren gar yelmeẓyen d yibulisen deg wakk timiwa n Tmurt n Leqbayel. Γef umedya (lemtel), asmi ay ttwaṭṭfen sebea n yimeYnasen (militants) n tmaziYt deg Fuṛaṛ n 1985, dindin kan kkren-d akk medden n Tmurt n Leqbayel (llant-d tmeskanin deg Tizi Wezzu, deg Bgayet, deg Yieeẓẓugen, ...). Deg umezwaru n Nwembeṛ, ttwaṭṭfen medden deg temsalt-nni n TemYunt tadzayrit n yizerfan n wemdan (Ligue algérienne des droits de l'homme), yili tamYunt-a llan la ttekkan deg-s yimeYnasen n tmaziYt s waṭas. D ay-n ay yessekren ccwal d ameqran u deg tgara, ixxamen n ccṛee n tmiwa ay deg tekker ḥekmen-d lḥebs i wazal n meyya n medden Yef ljal n ccwal.
Seg 1980 [Yer 1990], nezmer ad d-nini dakk-n azal n 300 n medden ay yettucaṛeen yernu yettwaḥkem fell-asen lḥebs Yef ljal n yimenYi Yef tmaziYt ama deg Tmurt n Leqbayel, ama deg Ldzayer tamaneYt (attekki deg tmeskanin [timesbaniyin], afraq n tewriqin, attekki deg leqdicat d lecYal yeqqnen Yer ussutter n tmaziYt). Ma d wid ay yettwaṭṭfen sakk-in bran-asen-d mebla ma eeddan deg ccṛee, wid yettwaṭṭfen deg yexxamen n yibulisen, wid yettwaḥebsen tallit Yezzifen mebla ssebba, wid ay d-Yerrqen seg yiYerbazen (llakulat), wid umi kksen ipaspuṛen-nsen u meneen-ten ad ffYen seg tmurt, wigi akk ur nezmir ad ten-id-neḥseb : tiYawsiwin-a llant ḍerrunt-d yal ass, qqlent d tarutint ay nnummen akk yimeYnasen (militants) n tmaziYt. DYa, ay-a akk yessnakay-aY-d amek ay tefka temsalt n tmaziYt iẓuran deg wegdud deg Tmurt n Leqbayel, medden qqlen sskanayen-d s lejheṛ tamagit-nsen (identité) tamaziYt deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. Γas ma tessukk ddula acḥal n yiseggasen n lḥeṛs d weqmaḍ Yef wegdud, maca ay-a ur yessaweḍ ara ad yeqḍee ay-n izedYen deg wulawen n medden. Ccwal yekkren deg 1985-1986 deg Tmurt n Leqbayel yella d win iweeṛen ugar n win n 1980, u yessken-d dakk-n medden ukin-d deg tama-a, yernu amussu (mouvement) amaziY yessaweḍ ad d-yessuffeY urfan n medden Yer lejheṛ u qqlen medden, ama deg tmurt n Ldzayer, ama deg umaḍal (ddunit) slan s temsalt-a n tmaziYt u ttḍafaren-tt.
Lejnas steeṛfen s ljehd n umussu* amaziY
- mouvement
D ay-n ibanen dakk-n amussu (mouvement) amaziY eawnen-t-id s waṭas yiminigen (iYriben) imaziYen. Iminigen-a yekkan acḥal n yiseggasen deg lbeṛṛani yernu sean ttejṛiba deg temsal n tsertit, d nitni ay ieawnen amussu ay yekkren deg tmurt n Leqbayel akk-n ad yemmager u ad yeṣ̣ber i weqmaḍ (répression) n ddula. Amussu amaziY yeqqel yesea ineṭṭaqen (porte-paroles) deg lYerba, d wid ay yellan la ttxebbiren lejnas Yef way-n la iḍerrun deg Tmurt n Leqbayel : seg 1980 d asawen, teqqel tYamsa (presse) la d-tessawaḍ isalan (lexbarat) n way-n iḍerrun deg Tmurt n Leqbayel ugar n zik. D ay-a ay yejjan ddula ur tesseqdac ara aqmaḍ (répression) ameqran deg Tmurt n Leqbayel u tuwey-d tikli ay deg tḥuder imezdaYen n tama-a. D ay-a daYen ay yejjan medden ad qqlen ad ttarun neY ad ssawalen mebla akukru, mebla ma sneqsen ay-n ay ugaden ur as-ieejjeb ara i ddula, u d ay-a ay d-ikecfen aqmaḍ n ddula, u teqqel tneggarut-a ur tezmir ara ad teqmeḍ medden s tsusmi, ur isell yiwen, am zik-nni. Azal n eecrin n yiseggasen ay teqqim ddula, yinabaḍen-ines (lḥukumat) yemxallafen, la tqemmeḍ, la tettakel Yef yizerfan (lḥuquq) d tellyin, u tuweḍ alama ay d asseqdec n ueetteb d tmenYiwt ! Akk-n ad tefk lḥeqq i yiman-is u ad teg lecYal-a akk, ddula tettḥaṛab akk wid ay d-yekkren Yer-s s yisem n Tegrawla (Révolution) yessuffYen Fṛansa u s yisem n yimenYi mgal (contre) n temnukda (imprérialisme). Deg tallit-nni, llan medden yettwakren, ttwaṭṭfen mebla lqanun, ttueettben mebla ma yewlawel yiwen u mebla ma faqent trebbae tibeṛṛaniyin yettnaYen Yef yizerfan (lḥuquq) n wemdan u ad d-lhunt s temsal-a.
Seg 1980 d asawen, ttuwehhant akk teftilin Yef Ldzayer, ladYa Yef Tmurt n Leqbayel : ay-n yebYu teg-it ddula akk-n ad teḥbes tikli n yisalan (lexbarat), ur tessaweḍ ara, medden akk ẓran. Seg yimir-n, ddula teqqel teẓra dakk-n ur tezmir ara ad tkemmel aqmaḍ (répression) s tuffra.
Deg lweqt ay deg llant la d-ḍerrunt tedyanin deg tmurt, deg lYerba, imeYnasen bdan-d leqdic n wesḥulfu (sensibilisation) d ussaki n medden, alama ay yeqqel umussu (mouvement) amaziY la d-ijebbed u la yettqennie Idzayriyen yellan deg lYerba ugar n Tdukli n Yidzayriyen deg Tuṛuft (Amicale des Algériens en Europe), yellan, deg tidet, d tarbaet itebeen Yer FLN deg lbeṛṛani.
DaYen, deg tallit-nni, bdan wid yessawalen tamaziYt deg lYerba s timmad-nsen la d-ttarun idlisen ussnanen (scientifiques) Yef tmaziYt, dYa d ay-a ay yekkan ibeṛṛaniyen ad d-rren ugar lwelha-nsen Yer way-n iḍerrun deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. Asmi ay bdan YimazYanen (Maghrébins) la d-lehhun nitni s timmad-nsen s tezrawin (études) Yef tmaziYt, tebda la tettebead takti-nni (lfekra) dakk-n d timura « listiemeṛ » ara ijebbden lexyuḍ. Ay-n d-ttinin neY ttarun-t-id yimassanen-a (savants) imazYanen d ay-n zemren ad t-amnen medden, d nitni ara d-yessawalen Yef yiman-nsen, maci d wiyaḍ ara d-ineṭṭqen deg umur-nsen. Imi ay d-lhan id-s yimazYanen (maghrébins) n tmura yemgerraden n Tefriqt n Ugafa, tebda « tmesmaziYt » (berbérisme) la tetteqqel d amussu (mouvement) n uxemmem iḥuzan akk tama-a, ur yeqqim ara kan deg yiwet n tmurt.
TimmuzYa* akk d tugdut
- amazighité
Γas ma yella imussa isnaktanen (mouvement idéologiques) deg tmura n TmazYa (Maghreb) mgerraden, maca tella yiwet n tYawsa ay ten-yesdukklen : TamazYa d taeṛabt yernu s kra n leqdic ara yettwagan Yef yedles, yessefk ad yeqqim kan deg tlisa-a. Ma d timmuzYa (amazighité), ya tettwankeṛ maḍi, ya tettwaḥqer alama ay d ay-n kan. Win yessawalen tamaziYt, imi ay yettwankeṛ am wakk-a, ur yessefk ara ad newhem mi ara t-nwali yettsuYu-d : « Ala ! LliY yernu mazal bYiY ad iliY azekka ! ». D ay-n ibanen ad d-yini ay-a, d lḥeqq-is.
D ay-n ibanen dakk-n ankaṛ akk d tririt-agi deg rrif d ay-n ara iḍurren AmaziY s timmad-is, maca ay-a yezmer ad yili daYen d amihi (danger) i tmetti (société) s lekmal-is, imi, mi ara tessers ddula tilisa am tigi i yedles, ad teqqel tmuYli n yedles d tamuYli tuḥṛist, d tin ur nettaẓ Yer sdat, d tin ur nqebbel wiyaḍ, d tin wesdukkel n bessif n wakk medden s ddaw n yiwet n tecḍaḍt, d tin ay deg ay-n ur tebYi ara ddula ad t-tekkes, Yas yella deg yedles, u d tin ay deg ttin ledwaṛ gar ddula d wegdud : deg lweqt ay deg idles d agdud ay t-id-yettgen, ad teqqel d ddula d nettat ara t-id-yettgen i wegdud. Skud ur weread ur steeṛfen ara yimezdaYen n TmazYa (Maghreb) s wakk ay-n yellan deg tgemmi-nsen (patrimoine), werjin ad d-ffYen seg ḍḍeefan d tiggunẓit tadelsant (sous-développement culturel). Ur yezmir ad d-yili wesnulfu wala tudert tadelsant n tidet mi ara tqeddec ddula akk-n ad ttun medden amezruy (ttarix) d yedles-nsen, mi ara d-tḥettem fell-asen (u Yef yiman-is) lḥeqq d umezruy n tkellax, mi ara tbennu azekka n tmetti (société) Yef tmucuha werjin nelli deg lweqt ay deg tejja ay-n yellan.
Ḍḍeefan ay yeḍeef yedles deg tmura n TmazYa (Maghreb) u ladYa deg Ldzayer d ay-n ay d-yurew wemnae ay ttwameneent waṭas n tYawsiwin seg seg wasmi ay uwyent tmura-a izurag-nsent (indépendances) : tamaziYt teqqel deg rrif, maca daYen, tettuḥaṛeb tefṛensist yellan, ama nebYa neY negguma, d ttawil yuYen aẓar deg TmazYa u d yiwen seg yilsawen igan leqran i yedles d ccfawat-nneY. Ay-a yerra idles n tmura n TmazYa d igellil, yernu qrib ulac akk tudert taggagt (intellectuelle) deg yimukan ay teṭṭef ddula. Axemmem yeddren, idles yeqqnen Yer tidet ttafen kan iman-nsen beṛṛa i tsuda (institutions) n ddula, ttilin-d kan deg yimukan idergen i wallen n ddula, ladYa deg lbeṛṛani. Yagi, maci deg lbaṭel ara naf dakk-n amur ameqran deg way-n d-itteffYen deg yedles d tudert taggagt (intellectuelle), itteffeY-d s tmaziYt neY s tefṛensist. Ay-a ur yebYi ara ad d-yini dakk-n taeṛabt ur tezmir ara ad tesseddu idles amuddir, wanag ssebba nettat iles-a, deg tegnit ay deg nella, ata-n gar yifassen n d wid yeṭṭfen tasertit (politique) d tesnakta (idéologie) n ddula.
Akk ImazYanen (Maghrébins), ama d wid yessawalen s tmaziYt neY d wid yessawalen s taeṛabt, ala d rrbeḥ kan ara rebḥen lemmer ad ḥesben timmuzYa d aḥric seg wayla-nsen. Asmi ara mṣ̣alaḥen YimazYanen wagar-asen u ad qeblen tikkersit (complexité) d tenḍa (diversité) n tmagit (identité) d yedles-nsen, ass-nni, tezmer ad teqqel TmazYa d tamurt n wesnulfu d unnerni. Tukci n wazal i tmaziYt d ay-n ara yesqeeden assaYen (relations) gar uYerman (citoyen) d ddula ay t-iḥekmen. Amussu (mouvement) n tmaziYt d win ay d-yeglan yid-s s ussutter n tuggta (pluralisme), n weqbal n wiyaḍ, n tenḍa (diversité) akk d tlelli (liberté), ama d tin n wemdan, ama d tin n terbaet. Amussu-a yugi ad ttuḥettmen medden ad ddren s ddaw n yiwet kan n tecḍaḍt, tin ara tḥettem fell-asen ddula u d tin ay izemren ad tYurr kra akk-n ad sbedden leḥkem amesbaṭli. Tabṛat n umussu-a tban, ladYa deg Tmurt n Leqbayel : maci d ddula ara d-yesnulfun neY ara d-yebnun « idles » i wegdud, yernu ay-nni ur yelli d idles wanag d timucuha tunṣ̣ibin (officielles) ara qebleY mebla ma nniY-d acemma. S yisem-iw d aYerman ilelli, ttalaseY ad d-iniY d acu ay lliY, d acu ay bYiY ad qqleY u ad bnuY ay-a. Tamagit-inu (identité), idles-inu ur llin ara, akk-n ay d-yenna Kateb Yacine, d akaram (dossier) n lekwaYeḍ ay d-tga ddula, d win ay tettbeddil akk-n ay as-yehwa, ma d nekk ad qebleY ay-n s tsusmi. Idles d ay-n ay d-tesnulfuy yal ass tmetti (société) tilellit.
Γef way-a, amussu (mouvement) amaziY ur yelli d win ay yes bYan YimaziYen ad Yelqen Yef yiman-nsen, d amussu uḥṛis yerzan kan kra n wegdud, neY d taYelnaẓri (nationalisme) tamaynut am tid-n akk yekkan : wanag, assutter amaziY d win ay d-yuwyen taYawsa tamaynut, d tin ay yugaren ieeddan i tlisa n tmaziYt-nni s timmad-is, d assirem i lebni n tmetti (société) ay deg tella tenḍa (diversité), ay deg medden mṣ̣alaḥen wagar-asen yernu maci d amnae, aḥqar d wenkaṛ ara yesseddayen tiYawsiwin n tmurt. Ad tili tlelli tadelsant (culturelle) d tlelli i yiles amaziY, maca daYen ad tili tlelli i wakk medden, acku wid yessawalen tamaziYt fehmen dakk-n ur zmiren ara ad ttwaḍemnen yizerfan-nsen (lḥuquq) s tidet u ad dumen deg yiwet tmetti (société) ala ma yella d aYerman (citoyen) ara yeṭṭfen leḥkem yernu amdan ur itteqqel ara ittedder u itteddu akk-n ay as-yehwa i ddula neY i kra n terbaet yerran leḥkem d ayla-s.
Yettwakkes-d seg « Imazighen ass-a », n Salem Chaker (tiẓrigin Bouchène, Ldzayer, 1990).
Tasuqilt sYur Omar MOUFFOK
Tamselyut[beddel]
Sɣur Amnay http://www.imyura.net
Amezruy n Tefsut n YimaziYen yessuqqel-it-id Omar MOUFFOK - Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen, [1]
http://membres.lycos.fr/cicbgayet/ch20avril80.html
- Imazighen ass-a, n Salem Caker (tiẓrigin Bouchène, Lezzayer, 1990).


text:
Taxnderrist wis 4
Saɛid d aḥenjir d ameẓyan isseɛda tudert-ins g uḥsi n udrar n Sidi Ɛabid. Zeggwami d- ilul, yufa adrar zdat n tiṭṭawin-ins, ittlagha yas d ad gs iwddar, ad gs issen tudert, ad gs ilmed targazt. Cḥal ma nnan as yemmas d babas, alaghi n udrar n Sidi Ɛabid yujar marra min d as qqarn.
Kumidita
- Ymma! Tettlagha am d ict n tmghart, inna as Saɛid i ymmas. Nttat ila aqqa t gi tkuzint tettggw aghrum.
Mix d tettdwal ymmas ila icqḍ d ict n tbṭaṭat d ict n tbṣlt d cwit ughrum ittka tn gi ljbub. Ass a d ass n kumidita.
- Saɛid, man tmghart i xay ittucn, ur dih ḥdd?
- Waqila tugur.
- Min ghrk ammen gi jjib?
- Walu d akmbuc n uxlul waha.
Ymmas ur d as tettekks ur itteg kumidita, maca tqqar as ixṣṣa ad iraḥ ag suytmas. Amuk d awtm, d amẓyan, tettrra t ur issin ad igg kumidita, tettggwd xs ad icc ci rid ammen nigh ad iqss fus ins. Ntta d manyenni umi irwwel, ixs ad iraḥ wḥds ag imddukal ins, ad as isll mliḥ i kumidita ins.
Ikka Saɛid x Carghu, isqarqb irwl. Mala iffgh d ghrs babas ad kids imngh. Babas n Carghu iqsḥ, iqṭṭeɛ gi tarwa ins nnefs.
Iṣṣar rbbi d Carghu id issijn zi tburjwt.
Iskn as Saɛid tabṭaṭat, idwl Carghu a taddart. Ikka cwit iffgh d ittazzl s tkasrunt dg ufus.
- Arwaḥ dghya zdat i ma ad d ifaqq baba, arwaḥ.
- Safi, d manynni i d twwid?
- Aqa ghri da zzit d cwit ughrum gi jjib. Yallah ad as nini i Ḥasan ad yawi min iqqimen.
Kkin x Ḥasan, ur tufin gi taddart, urin a udrar ggurn ttmzawarn: i ck min d tewwid, i ck min tjjid,…
Raḥn ar mani ur llint suyetmas n Saɛid. Qqimn ttɛyarn ḥtta wami uḥḥln, uka ssentn aswjd n kumidita. Ufan rid uzzal, rid d asesragh n tmssi, rid d tisnt, rid d lɛṭur rid d aman. Ghir ict n tbṭaṭat, ict n tbṣlt, ict n tkasrunt, cwit n zzit d sin n tzgnatin n ughrum.
Ttwalan tarfiqin n tḥenjirin tetteggent kumidita, maca ssdḥan ad asnt ttrn min d asn iqqimn. Min gha ttrn, min gha jjn?
Qeccrn tabṭaṭat d tbṣlt s uqemmum, bḍan tent s uẓru. Qqimn rezzun ḥtta wami ufan ijj uḥbuḍ dgs aman, sliln lxuḍrt nni, ugmn d cwit g ict n tziyyat n plastik, kkan dgs din. Iqqim mis gha sserghn timessi.
Bdan ttemcrraɛn jr asn wi gha iraḥn ad ittr asesragh. Ksi raḥ ck, ssrs raḥ ck. Ar umggaru ggan “ḥida mida tnqb jida”, tusa d gi Carghu. Ittr d asesragh, snekkrn zgs timessi i iɛcbucn d ikcwaḍ imẓyanen. Ggan zzit gi tkasrunt, sttbɛn as lxuḍrt d waman uka qqimn ttrajan tt ad twwa.
Ṣbrn cwit qqasn tt, ufan tt d tamssast, traḥ ad ttili d tamrẓagt. Ttslan i ci n tufuḥt tettic d zi kumidita n jjwarn nsn. Qqimen ttxzzarn dg wayawya.
- Raḥ ad tettr tisnt a Saɛid, d nnubt ink, qa manaya ur illi wi i t gha iccn!
- Jj ck ad tncc amya waha, ad bdant ḍeḥḥknt xngh ɛawd.
- Nnigh ak raḥ, ur ttefham.
Igga Saɛid targazt, iraḥ ghrsnt.
- Min tucd ɛawd?
- Cwit n tisnt
- Min tggim qqaɛ gi kumidita nkum?
- Baṭaṭa, tabṣlt d waman d zzit
- Safi, rrant id xs s tḍeḥhakt
- Mala txsnt ad ay tucmt, ucmt ay d nigh nhra, bla taḍeḥhakt
- Ur d ak ittqqs bu lḥal a bu tult tamẓyant, siyybm kumidta nkum i iqzinen araḥim d ad tccm akidngh.
- Lla, ncnin ur nttet bu kumidita n ḥdd, ad nc tnni nngh.
Ucint as tisnt, isiyyeb itt gi tkasrunt nsn uka sṣeḍrn tt id zi tmessi. Kksn d kul ijjen tazgnt ins n ughrum uka bdan tetten. Iqssin ulaẓ, tusa asn d kumidita nsn d tmufuḥt xlli ammen, ṣrḥn xs takasrunt d asraḥ.
Umi kksn, uka ẓẓrn x uɛrur, ikka xsn yiḍs. Ur d kkirn, ḥtta wami ila ɛlayn d tameddit. Ufan adrar ixwa d ijj uqzin ittka axnfuf gi tkasrunt, ksin tt, qqɛln ttazln a taddart.
Asmaa Aouattah
Mars 2013