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Aɣewweɣ n imeḥḍaren
Aɣewweɣ n imeḥḍaren -Wis 2
Aɣewweɣ ixarref, taǧest tendeř, urar iqḍa maca ibeɛɛac ɛad aqa yen farnen imeḥḍaren zi tudrin, zi řeqhawi, zeg ibriden. Wenni i ɣa ɛecqen ad t ksin, ad t xemřen. Ameḥḍar nni issens di texxamt jar wamẓiwen, ifaq-d x tɣuyyit, yarzem tiṭṭawin nnes itwařa ijj isɣuyyu, itekkʷar, arriḥet n crab tticc-d zzayes, tiɣmas war ǧint…ixzar umeḥḍar deg inni i das d inḍen yufa netta i daysen d ameẓyan. Ikkes tisira, arriḥet n yiřef.. ya lullu…!! issummet tisira, uca iqqim ixezzar deg iɣembab n yewdan….ssenni isřa i ca n řatar ɣar tewwart. Tiwwura nitnti nnurezment, netta itwařa 13 n imeḥḍaren ssidfen ten-d axmi d ssidfen iḥuriyyen ɣar řgurnet, řexxu urar itraḥ itemɣar.
Zeg iḍennaḍ war iqqis aɣrum, ɛad war issin ma ticcen aɣrum di řeḥbes niɣ ticcen ca nneɣni. Igarruten zeryen tadfen d zi řkazi, maca aɣrum, ad d yawi Yakuc. Ǧiřet nni tekka teɛdu, iṭṭeṣ, ifaq-d am netta am uneḥbus, itraḥ itnama, issawař aked yewdan, tseqsan t x umuntif nnes, iqqim illa ad ikkes tiɣmas, ad idweř amecnaw nihni, ad ibeddeř abrid n tudart. Marra ifhem asen, maca nihni ijj war d as ifhim. Ca n twařatin war d as tesřin min i d asen iqqar, ijj yudef řeḥbes x tɛejjact, ijj inɣa, ijj iswa yaṭṭas. Ameḥḍar netta yudef x weẓru!! Tuɣa qqaren as wanita yarezzu ad aneɣ d-ijbed, ad npasar labiḍa nneɣ jar řeḥyuḍ. Maca nican, tuɣa din ijj imɣar, d imseɣ, d azirar, igga aseřham d abarcan, itekkʷar di řmexzen, war iǧi wi ɣares ɣa issiwřen. Ijj nneɣni, tuɣa t akidsen din, qqaren as Ḥasan, tɛawaden babas iǧa iɣareq s wagřa, nnan aqa d babas i t issidfen i řeḥbes, niɣ amecnaw mammec qqaren ṣḥab trabandu: “d babas i xafes idebbaren.” Wanita tuɣa war itejji babas ad iṭṭeṣ, netta ad igg azeǧif x tsunta d Ḥasan ad igeɛɛed x tzeqqa itedden s min ɣares di tmijja. Babas yuḥeř yuzzeř ɣar imrabḍen, kuř ijj min i das iqqar dayes, ijj iqqar as aqa ewtin t inni n wadu tmurt x waman, inneɣni nnan as aqa tesbuhery it tɣuri, iḥfeḍ amawař n taɛraft uca iřeqf it min i t iřeqfen.
Tuɣa akidsen din ɛawed ijj zeg wami d-yudef ɣar texxamt, netta ɣares ijj n wawař x yiřes: “ a b a r m a y i – a s i d i”. Ameḥḍar nni ɛemmars war isři awař a, ař ami d-iffeɣ zi texxamt, isseqsa iwdan xenni i d as nnan min i yexs ad yini wawař nni. Wanita tɛawaden xafes iruḥ ad iseɣ tisira zi ssuq aqdim n Nador, iqqim ad iqeǧeb ict n tyuya, nihni akides d bedden ibeɛɛac uca ḥarten xafes netta d bab n tḥanet. Ɛemmaren recwaɣeḍ, ggin daysen aqa “ibeṭṭa taḥcict di ssuq.”
Tuɣa din ijj nneɣni di řeḥbes tɛawaden xafes, nnan aqa tuɣa t d amesnaw imɣar, xmi itxeyyaq řa netta itekkʷar řmexzen, ijjuǧ dayes řmexzen, assa tiwecca, iḍfar it, iẓri t itraḥ ɣar parada itbedda ak ict n temɣart, tamɣart a tuɣa tessen mammec i ɣa tezzenz aɣrum, tɣima ɣar tmurt, tkessi abeḥrur nnes deg ujenna, teqqar: “a wenni iḥman!!!” Amesnaw nni tuɣa iteɛjib as marka nni weɣrum, ijj n wass iraja tamɣart nni ař ami tezzenz aɣrum nnes, truḥ akides ɣar taddart, kkin x ugezzar, sɣin aysum, uca geɛden ɣar publaw. Tiweḍ-d ǧiřet, uca wḍan-d xafes ibeɛɛac, ssenni isin t id ɣar řeḥbes….qaɛ yina ggin min xef, i wmeḥḍar min igga?? Iwta řmexzen s weẓru? maɣar aẓru yus as d drus?
Isřa ɛawed aqa aṭṭas n imeḥḍaren yugi řmexzen ad asen yegg ttesriḥ. Tɛawaden x ijj n umeḥḍar ittar ttesriḥ ḥuma ad inɛarq ɣar lxarij s minzi tuɣa tgeɛɛed as tɣuri ɣar uzeǧif; arrin d xafes nnan as: “řmexzen war izemmar ad ac iwc ttesriḥ s minzi aqa tuɣa tḥejjared řmexzen…s weẓru zi raggʷaj.” Ameḥḍar nni isřa i marra min itwannan, marra min ɛawaden ineḥbas. Marra min itwannan izemmar akides d iffeɣ tiwecca farwicca, maca ař řexxu i yessen aqa ad tenɣed uřa tḥejjared řmexzen, zi raggʷaj niɣ zi řadas. Maca řexxu min imsaren aqa imsar.
Ƴar ijj n uɛecci, řaɣan-d x imeḥḍaren, ijj warni i yijj, řaɣan-d uřa x umeḥḍar nni, uca iwyen t ɣar ijj n texxamt nneɣni tursuḍ, teggen dayes inni inɣin. Ak wadaf, itwařa ca n imeḥḍaren, yufa ca zzayesen zi dcar. Yudef-d xafsen ijj n ubeɛɛuc igga am řhaycet; iřaɣa-d amezwar x umeḥḍar nni, inneɣni qqimen. Yiwy it ɣar ijj n wexxam, isɣim it di tmurt, munen-d xafes axmi d-munen x Carlos. Nnan as ad aneɣ tinid min imsaren. Ad aneɣ tinid min iɛna uzeǧif ameqqran, ssenni ad ac narxu… maca…mařa tugid ad ac nessuf iḍaren. Mařa war daneɣ tumined ad cek nawi ad tẓared s tiṭṭawin nnec. Ssidfent ɣar ijj n texxamt nneɣni ḥuma ad iẓar s tiṭṭawin nnes mammec i dasen teggen i yewdan s ukeccuḍ….netta yudef, itwařa imeḥḍaren nneɣni, ḥed isɣuyyu, ḥed itru, ḥed isqar war issiwiř, ixzar asen ɣar iḍaren, marra uffen, nnuqben s ukeccuḍ. Imeḥḍaren nni din yufa aṭṭas tuɣa twassnen, ca tuɣa carran marra, ca zi dcar, ca tuɣa qqaren marra. Maca ɣir yudef xafsen umeḥḍar nni, waxxa yuff iten am nni sɣuyyun, uř nnes d wuř nsen nnurezmen, inna deg uř nnes: “ad tecna ac a Yakuc ameqqran, zixenta war ǧiɣ ca weḥdi! ameḥḍar nni igga ixf nnes war issin ḥed, ař ami iẓra min xafsen ikkin, ssufɣen t id ssenni, arrin t ɣar wemcan nnes, ijj n ubeɛɛuc ikkes-d ijj n ugarru, ass amezwaru i ɣa issen ddexxan. Mři i das iwca arhaj ad taff d wenni netta. Kuř ijj min ixarreṣ. Abeɛɛuc nni i das iwcin garru yexs ad t iseɣ ḥuma ad issiweř ad yini min igga, d min iẓra! Ameḥḍar nni inwa mařa ikeyyef ad d-yarr řbař nnes ad issen min i ɣa yini. Ijj n ubeɛɛuc nneɣni ibda itari isem nnes, min itegg, manis netta, d..d..d.
S ugarru nni iswa, itebbet ixf nnes, igga ad iḍfar ijj n tebrit, mara yexs ad iffeɣ zi tewwart tameqqrant, min ɣa yini řexxu ixeṣṣ ad as iɛawed tiwecca farwicca, aqa ussan d iziraren…” Ameḥḍar idweř as uzeǧif itfewwar, …mařa nniɣ asen aqa “arziɣ ijj n ṭṭumubin, ad ayi inin aqa tarzid tnayen, mařa nniɣ asen aqa marzeɣ i yijj n ssimi, ad ayi inin tmarzed i ɛecra”….uca řuḥ xafes am nni…am itxarreṣ di min i ɣa yini, ixzar ɣar ufus nnes yufa garru nni iqḍa. war issin mammec igga iswi t, ixzar-d dayes ijj n ubeɛɛuc inna as: “řexxu, ini aneɣ min imsaren, d mayemmi teggid manaya? Ibda umeḥḍar issawař akides, s ict n taɛraft tarrez marra, war iqqar ḥuma ifehmas ubeɛɛuc nni, ufin am nni ksin-d ijj n tewriqt teccur s tira uca bdan qqaren d xafes: marra min igga d manis ikka, d wi t iẓrin. Ameḥḍar nni igga ixf nnes axmi war issin min imsaren di temzida n lkendi, d mayemmi i t menɛen, ufin war issiwiř sseɛdunt ɣar texxamt nneɣni, ksen as arruḍ, tisira, tuɣa din ijj n tefřewt d tazirart, ssudsen t xafes, ggin as akettan x tiṭṭawin ḥuma war itwiři wi t iccaten, itaca teggen xafes ca n txuncay , ssenni carfen t s temrirt, ḥuma mařa iqsas weɛmud, ad taff war izemmar ad innuḥmez, řextu akeccuḍ ibda, tiyyita teqqsent, ameḥḍar netta ɛad imneɛ deg wecbar. Ssenni yuca aked ijj yudef-d, ameḥḍar war issin min itemsaran, niɣ ař meřmi ɣa bedden, niɣ….ad tejjen…war iǧi ad yareʷggeḥ, ad tejjen war t cciten…tuɣa ggur ad as ibedd nnefs, řexxu řexmin ad innuri, tkebban as aman deg uqemmum, aman n buxraru….mařa yarra nnefs ad isu yaman…mařa war yarri nnefs ad ssin yekk d abrid… Iswa cwayt n waman n buxraru, yarra cwayt n nnefs …cwayt uca isřa i tewwart teqqen, ḥed iffeɣ, war itiři ɣir d wenni umi qqaren Lḥerraq,…nnan as: “meřmmi mma texsed ad tessiwřed, ksi afus nnec deg ujenna, nnan as ɛawed “mayemmi qaaɣ tamara ya, siweř mařa texsed ad isqar weɛmud.” Nnan as “siweř, siweř, d ccek i yarzin ṭṭumubin, d ccek i yewtin abeccuc s tlajurt, d ccek, d ccek…” inna asen “řexxu ad awem iniɣ tidett, nican tidett… aṭṭas n tidett.” Netta iteffez awař, issen illa mařa inna asen aqa inɣa curdu, ad as inin wenni ɣa inɣen curdu ad ineɣ ura d abeɛɛuc, wenni i ɣa yenɣen abeɛɛuc ad ineɣ ura d L…L..m…??.ufin t itadef iteffeɣ deg wawař, uca bdan ccaten dayes, ḥed iqqim as x uɛeddis, ḥed itfarraɣ xafes aman, maca řexxu iḍaren nnes ufřen, uffen, war daysen itqarri weɛmud.
Iqḍa weɛmud, inni tuɣa iccaten aqa fɣen, yudef- d wenni tuɣa i d as iwcin garru, ikkes xafes takettant x tiṭṭawin, inna as: “eeeh wtin cek tarwa n nneḥram!?.” Yiwyi t ɣar ict n texxamt nneɣni, isɣim it, iwc as ijj n ugarru nneɣni, issehwa t ɣar swadday, inya di ṭṭumubin, arrin t ɣar temcant nnes tamezwarut. Umi ixec ɣar řeḥbes, yufa din imeḥḍaren nni iẓra di lapiji. Ɛawden i wayawya min i xafsen ikkin, aɛmud, takettant x tiṭṭawin, aman n buxraru….
Taxxamt nni tuɣa teccur, iwdan settfen am iseřman, ɣar wenni …inɣin tamɣart nnes, wenni tuɣa iznuzan arhajj, u ggin amecnaw amẓiwen jar imeḥḍaren imeẓyanen. Waxxa am nni ameḥḍar nni dewřen-d dayes idammen. S minzi řextu itett, iteṭṭeṣ, idweř zzaysen. Tiwecca nnes, zic usin d ɣarsen ibeɛɛac , bdan třaɣan-d xafsen, s wasmawen, imeḥḍaren marra řaɣan-d xafsen netta ameḥḍar nni war xafes d-řaɣan!!! Qqimen ineḥbas nneɣni xezzaren dayes, ameḥḍar nni yuca belli xsen ad as inin: “min teggid cek nihni war teggin.” Aqa war ikemmeř axarreṣ nnes isřa isem nnes, řaɣan-d xafes. Dewřen-d dayes idammen. Netta ameḥḍar nni tɣir as řaɣan-d xafesen ad fɣen..qaɛ qaɛ… ɣar taddart; zixenta iwyen ten ad ccen aɛmud ɛawed.
Amnus imɣar, iḍennaḍ sḍuqqzen as iḍaren, i ass a min das ɣa ggen. Ař ami xeccen ɣar lapiji, ssidfen ten ɣar ict n texxamt teccur s tɛejjact d taǧest. Yudef-d xafsen ijj n buɛeddis qqaren as ‘amsecmeḍ’, inna asen s taɛraft: ya lleh dxel! Ameḥḍar nni igga taryast inna as: “ya lleh xrejt men temma, wac ka tderbu juj xeṭraṭ f nhar?” War issin ḥed manis d ikka wawař nni, innufseř-d i cciṭan. Umi isřa ubeɛɛuc nni am nni idweř ijja ameḥḍar nni aked yinni iccin aɛemud, inni war iccin ca qqimen trajan nnubet nsen.
Ass aneggaru, yudef-d ijj n mmis n weydi, ibda issaggʷad iten, inna sen wenni yexsen ad yeffeɣ zi řḥbes izemmar ad yeffeɣ, maca, ixeṣṣ ad yeffeɣ d aqeddid. Wenni war ixsen manaya, ad iqqim. Ameḥḍar nni tɣiř as s tidett s minzi abeɛɛuc nni inna asen awař nni uca iffeɣ. Ař ami d tameddit, ass n 1/11/1978, yudef-d xafsen ijj n ubeɛɛuc inna asen: “imeḥḍaren marra ad fɣen, ..uh…qqnen tisira, ameḥḍar nni war ixzar ammu uřa d wammu, imneɛ abrid nican ɣar taddart mani tuɣa izeddeɣ di tendint. Acewwaf iknanneḍ, icemmez, ticcin, injan, yuca aked ixf nnes, umi d icuq jar ibriden, ad as tinid igga amecnaw barbu n tendint, yiweḍ ɣar taddart iruḥ nican ɣar waman. Am issirid azeǧif nnes…d tewwart tebda ttnehezza….issij zi řkazi, ma arezzun xafes niɣ? Itwařa ijj n waryaz iqqar as hwa-d. ad cek ssiwḍeɣ ɣar dcar. Inna as umeḥḍar nni: “nec war cek ssineɣ, war ssa teffɣeɣ zi taddart….” Inna as waryaz nni: “aqa nec d babas n řmustfa….tuɣa kenniw marra di řeḥbes”, inna as umeḥḍar nni: “nniɣ ac aqa nec war ssineɣ ḥed!”. Ssenni idweř waryaz nni ɣar ṭṭumubin, issufeɣ-d mmis…..dewřen-d ɣar taddart mani iǧa umeḥḍar nni, řaɣan….issij d xafsen ….netta iẓra mmis n waryaz nni…uca iffeɣ-d ɣarsen s tazřa…ssiwḍen t ař taddart, ijj n wawař war t inu aked webrid.
Umi i xeccen, tuɣa d tameddit. Yudef ɣar taddart, kuř ijj min i das iqqar, ssenni ggin as min i ɣa yecc, řexxu rwacun imun, marra tfarḥ. Ƴar uneggar, iruḥ ɣar wexxam nnes, yudef di tassut, igga yiḍeṣ n txancet. Ƴar tuffut, ifaq-d, issij ɣar barra, iɣzar n dcar iḥmeř, ass ignu, yisi tiṭṭawin nnes ɣar ujenna uca ibda itxarreṣ di temzida, di texxamt, di řmexzen, ssenni uca inna deg uř nnes:
“ Min ɣa teqqim tudart ɛaad teǧa, taryazt ixeṣṣ ad teqqim řebda teddar, s weẓru, s uɣewweɣ, s minzi mma.”
Sijj x “uɣewweɣ n imeḥḍaren”wiss ijj (première partie)!


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Wi yexsen ad yini yini
Ijj n wudem n umezruy n Imaziɣen.
Hegel (1770-1831) yarra tiɣit i umezruy xenni yufa aqa marra timegga (facts) d wudmawen n izeǧifen imeqqranen (great personages) deg umezruy ameḍlan itɛaqqab d s imant nnes tnayen n twařatin, maca ittu ad yarni aqa twařat tamezwarut igga amecnaw takesna (tragedy), twařat wis tnayen igga amecnaw tiseḍḥac. Iwařen a sennej inna ten usertay Karl Marx s yiřes nnes. Maca Marx simant nnes ittu ad yarni aqa amezruy ɣar Imaziɣen s d tidett ad yiři itɛaqqab d tnayen n twařatin; maca s ujemmaḍ nneɣni. Amezruy amezwar ɣar Imaziɣen tuɣa d tiseḍḥac, ssenni tus d awaren as takesna. Deg iyyar amezwaru, amezruy n Imaziɣen tuɣa xmi icarrec aked umezruy n midden itɣima wudem nnes iddar (Massinissa, Yuɣurṭa, Yuba I, Yuba II), deg iyyar aneggaru n umezruy (adaf n tqebbař n waɛraben, adaf n tmesřent, adaf n iciɛiyyen (Driss I), arbu n txancent ɣar l’andalus), marra manaya itɣima d tasekna, amec twařiɣ nec.
Ḥuma ad nessen min ɣarneɣ d min war ɣarneɣ, min iǧan d takesna d min iǧan d tiseḍḥac, ad nedweř ɣar deffar, ad nessemɣar rxeẓrat i ɣa issecnen tiɣit. Zicenni, ak wadaf n Imaziɣen deg umezruy, d midden udfend ak idsen. Ƴar iḍa, war dasen temmewc třemmizt (opportunity) ḥuma ad xarrṣen di tungit nsen. Ifiniqiyen, udfend beřřɣezdis n waman, usin d twařat tamezwarut ad ggen tanezzawt. War d usin ad qqimen niɣ ad kksen iẓewran n umezruy n Tmezɣa amec ggin waɛraben, sminzi ntaff izerfan n Tmezɣa am nni i qqimen di tmura i yiggʷjen x ilil acemřař.
Ticti wis tnayen tekked zi Roma, usin d nican ad ḥewwsen tammurt n Tmezɣa. Da i d ɣa iban umezruy n Tmezɣa s waṭṭas. War xseɣ ca ad iniɣ aqa amezruy n Imaziɣen netta d amezruy n Roma di tmura n Tmezɣa. Waxxa qqimen aṭṭas n iseggʷusa di tmurt n Lmeɣrib ameqqran, war iwiḍen ca ad ssromen (romanized) imucan i xef ssarsen ifassen nsen, war iǧi amecnaw min ggin di tmura nneɣni. Waxxa qqimen ikruffan (remains), amecnaw tamdint n Walili (ařiři), maca war jjin ca timrirtin i ɣa iyezmen amezruy n Tmaziɣt. Uyuren ussan usin d, kkin d awaren asen aṭṭas n midden, maca umi d xeccen waɛraben, min dawem ɣa iniɣ, war jjin taggizt war t serksen (turn upside down) ar ami niweḍ war nessin min nessawař ma Tmaziɣt niɣ d iɛuqqan n midden. Waxxa am nni teqqim Tmaziɣt teddar, amawař nnes iqqim.
D tidett, amezruy n Tmaziɣt di tmurt n wafriqya immewc as ijj n umellil (chance) imɣar, mři marra Imaziɣen ɣaresen tiřmect d tabarcant ad tiři mmenzen di ssuq n ufatar (slave). X uxezdis nneɣni, mařa neḥseb tira zeg ibuḍen n umezruy, neccin azzay nneɣ war d ijji ca idřisen uran s Tmaziɣt nneɣ niɣ x tsekla n Tmaziɣt nneɣ. Manaya war ixs ca ad yini aqa amezruy n uydud iqqen ɣar tira, minzi tasekla n uqemmum (tasekla tatlayt) nettat d aɣbař n usnuflu n tɣerma (civilisation), war iǧi amec inna Hugh Redwald Trevor-Roper, wenni itwassnen s wedlis umi qqaren “ussan ineggura n Hitler”. Netta inna deg 1963 aqa Tafriqt war ɣares tuɣa ca amezruy qbeř i temharsiwin (colonisations) n irufiyen (Europeans).
Amezruy n zic iqqar aneɣ aqa aydud tuɣa war yarsi s userway (perturbation) n midden. Imɣaren n Tmezɣa tuɣa ɣarsen 2 n ibriden, ijj itawi ɣar irufiyen (tiseḍḥac). ijj n webrid itawi ɣar ccarq (tasekna), Deg wakud n Iṛumaniyen, Imaziɣen tuɣa tcarqen ɣar Roma; deg wakud n tmesřent, tuɣa tcarqen ɣar tegzirt n waɛraben. Amezruy n Imaziɣen imsar as amecnaw tamrart (asɣun), ijj ijebbed x ufusi ijj ijebbed x uzeřmaḍ. Xenni am cwarti nsen, umi udfen Imaɣuliyen (asg. 1258) di tmura n waɣraben, war daysen jjin min ɣa inefɛen, Imaziɣen tɣir asen ad hnan, maca deg wakud d ijj udfend Iburtqizen ɣar tmurt n lmeɣrib.
Sennej i manaya, neẓra aqa amezruy n Imaziɣen tuɣa yal ass (always) mziyyar -s wadaf d wufuɣ n midden- x uɣezdis n tungit n umerzruy n Imaziɣen. Arni xafes, mři ma iban d ca n umassan, asaḍ, amezray, di tmurt n imazɣan teqqnen t ɣar weẓwar n waɛraben. War netriḥ ca niggwej, mmis n Ɛebd-Krim arrint zi familiya n Omar bnu lxaṭṭab! Wenni umi qqaren bnu Tumart arrin t u qqnen t ɣar   Ijj n twařa sɣiɣ ijj n wedřis zi Nador umi t ɣa ɣareɣ ufiɣ iqqar aqa marra ait buyeḥyi qqnen ɣar Faṭima iǧis n arrasul!
Mařa nedweř ɣar idřisen imeqqranen, amecnaw “Les civilisations préhistoriques de l’Afrique du Nord et du Sahara” n Gabriel Camps, niɣ “Stone-Age prehistory: studies in memory of Charles McBurney”, niɣ “Archaeology and language, Volume 29”, niɣ “North Africa: A History from Antiquity to the Present” n Phillip Chiviges Naylor, wenni innan aqa Tamezɣa tirar ijj n temřiřt temɣar di tmegga (asireɣ) n umezruy n Irufiyen, ad naff waxxa amezruy dayes tsawent dayes taysart, dayes tiseḍḥac dayes takesna. Tiseḍḥac aqa twattunt, takesna (tragedy) aqa aneɣ dayes, amecnaw tḥajit nni umi qqaren  > yuf itt wa, iqeccar itt wa, issengʷ (issnenna) itt wa, icc itt wa. War ntettu ca aqa wenni i t iccin d wenni i daneɣ ijjin ɛad aqa netseqsa ma ad necc s ufusi niɣ s uẓeřmaḍ? ma ad nessizwar aḍar afusi niɣ aḍar aẓeřmaḍ?
Mři nmun marra x uẓeřmaḍ ad yiři umezruy nneɣ meřmi isřiwřew tiřelli.

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


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LEZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Anmazul n uneɣlaf Amenzu, aneɣlaf n Yiweẓla iwerdaniyen n Biljik, Didier Reynders yenna-d, ass n ttlata deg temdint n Lezzayer, dakken tamurt-is tebɣa ad tesseǧhed assaɣen-is akked Tmurt n Lezzayer, dɣa deg teɣula yerzan tasertit akked tdamsa.
Deg yiwet n tseɣrut i tɣamsa mi d-yewweḍ s anafag agraɣlan Houari Boumediene, yezzireg-d Mass Reynders beɣɣu n Biljik akken ‘’ad tesseǧhed assaɣen-is ucriken akked lezzayer, dɣa deg wayen yerzan aciwer asertan akked umedhel adamsan’’.
Yesseddi-d, almend n waya, dakken tirzi-a ad aɣ-tessiweḍ ɣer ‘’umbiddel n tmuɣliwin ɣef ddeqs n tuttriwin ilan lfayda tucrikt, dɣa amennuɣ mgal n tremɣa akked tẓerḍerfit, igna n yinigen, akked liḥala deg temnaḍt n Ssaḥel, deg Libya akked Mali, akked ugemmuḍ’’.


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Par DDK | 20 Mars 2017 | 599 lecture(s)
Bechloul
Yettkemmil userdem n tḥuna tiqdimen
Taɣiwant n Bechloul mazal-itt ar ass-a tettqabal aɣbel n tḥuna tiqdimin ur d-nefki ara udem yelhan i temdint. Ttwabnant acḥal d aseggas aya s wuzzal d uḥelyiw, kran-tent yimetjaren anda yal wa acu yesnuzuy. Almi d aseggas yezrin, yettwaddem yiwen n rray s- ɣur yiɛeggalen n usqamu aɣerfan n tɣiwant iwakken ad hudden akk tiḥuna-agi iwakken deg ubdil-nsent, ad yettwaxdem wayen ara d-yesnernin ama deg wudem neɣ lmenfaɛa n yimezdaɣ. D acu kan, rray-agi iqubel-it-id reffu n yimetjaren i yegguman ad ffɣen. D axxam n ccreɛ i tt-igezmen deg rray iwakken ad d-yili usedrem, maca aya ur d-yelli ara deg yiwet n tikkelt. Tigawt taneggarut tella-d ass n lexmis iɛeddan, imi yiwet n tḥanut yellan tettusexdem d asečču uqbel ad tuɣal i usenz n yisufar yemxallafen tettwahud s reffu n wid i tt-yekran. Limer ahat mačči d iɣallen n laman i yellan deg umkan, yezmer ad yili uɛewwiq ameqqran ara iḥebsen aserdem. Seg tama-nsen, wid yekra akka tiḥuna-a, bedden ɣef yiwen n wawal ideg qqaren: “ I tura, amek ara d-nawi lqut i tarwa-nneɣ ma yella neḥbes lxedma?” Meḥsub, ssuturen ad asen-d-taf tɣiwant abdil anda ara kemmlen lḥirfa-nsen. Ma seg tama n yimḍebbren, rray d win ireṣṣan ɣef uḥric n useḥbiber ɣef tudert n yimdanen imi d tiḥuna tiqdimin seg tama, si tayeḍ, tigi ccemtent udem n temdint.” Akka tura, mazal azal n tlata n tḥuna i yetturajun ad d-taweḍ nnuba-nsent mi ara tt-yegzem deg rray uxxam n ccreɛ, iwakken ad bdun wiyaḍ yesɛan tiḥuna d ayla-nsen dima deg umkan-agi. Wigi, yessuter deg-sen uselway n tɣiwant ad sdermen iwakken ad bnun akken iwulem, netta seg tama-s ad d-yefk afus n lemɛawna s usewjed n lekwaɣeḍ iwulmen.
M. Smail


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AMEZGUN (SIWEL) — Tadukli n Ayt Ʃisa tlul-d deg ayyur n duğember 2006, s ufus n yilemẓiyen yeffuden idles d wansayen n Yiqbayliyen. D Tadukli i yettwasnen s leqdicat-is yemgaraden am cna, amezgun, asfuggel n yennayer, tafsut n 80, tiwiziwin d useḥbiber Yef twenaḍt, tura atnan deg usenfar n lebni n umezgun s talYa n tarumanit.
Aṣenfar n lebni n umezgun s talYa tarumanit neY s ṣṣenf arumani iwemi i d-fkan tayett yiminigen Iqbayliyen, ladYa wid yettidiren deg tmurt n Kanada, d waṭas n yimeznaz d wat tkubaniyin n yal aḥric da deg tmurt.
Aṣenfar n umezgun yebda deg ayyur n tuber 2016, yegra-d asurrif meqqren, d win ara yawin ugar n 600 n yimdanen. D amenzu i yemmugen s uYanib-nni deg tmurt n Yiqbayliyen.
Ma d wid neY tid terza temsalt i yessarmen neY bYan ad kkin, zemren ad fken afus n tallelt, acku yal as n lğemɛa tettili-d twizi. Tzemrem ad kkim s yiYil (physique), neY ad cegɛem kra n ttawilat yecban abellaḍ, rrmel, neY d ayen-niḍen.
I usmekti, deg kra n wussan Yer deffir Tadukli n Ayt Ʃisa, teṭṭef tadrimt n yiminigen i d-yettwacegɛen seg tmurt n Kanada, ayagi yerna-d afud i yiɛeggalen d yimezdaY n taddart-a. Snemren s waṭas tigawt-a n twizi d yibeddi n Yiqbayliyen Yer usenfar yecban wa, i rran-t tlisa akin tmurt-nsen, imi mazal-iten ttaran-d i tiYri n ugdud yeffuden idles d tlelli deg tmurt.
Tanemmirt i yiminigen, d wat usenfar n umezgun, s leqdic d tdukli kan i tezmer ad teqqim tnekkit taqbaylit s wazalen-is igejdanen, i wakken yal tasuta ara d yas-n, ad taf amezruy n tin yezrin, ad tɛaned ad texdem am nettat neY ugar.
Akli Muhubi
SIWEL 221124 Mar 17


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Yiwen n Yillu n tidett i yellan.Yiwen kan i yzemren ad yili. Iṛebbiten akk d-snulfan yemdanen d tikkerkas.
Tira qqarent-d belli wid ur numin ara yella Ṛebbi d imehbal. Ad yessiked kan wemdan di ddunit ad iwali belli Ṛebbi yella. Taxelqit akkit tekka-d sɣur-s. Ayen akk yellan di ddunit, s yemɣan s iɣersiwen, akken d-llan s ṣṣifat-nsen, d ayen ar a ɣ-d-imlen ɣef Win d ixelqen kullec. Iṭij, aggur d yetran, ttberriḥen-d s timmad-nsen s Win i ten-ixelqen. Amesnalfu-agi, d Illu. " Ixleq-d (isnulfa-d) Yillu igenwan d lqaɛa". I d-nnant Tira Iqedsen. Atah wamek d tusa txelqit:
Ass amezwaru n usnulfu
Yenna-d Yillu: " Ad tili tafat ! " Imiren kan tecceɛceɛ-d tafat di tlemmast n tillas. Ur aɣ-d-nnat ara Tira ɣef ugama n tafat-agi, amek tella, nezṛa kan belli tenfel-d s tezmert n Wawal n Yillu.
Ass wis sin n usnulfu
Yefreq Yillu ger waman, yesban-d igenni.
Ass wis krad n usnulfu
yenna-d Yillu: " Ad zdin deg yiwen wemkan waman yellan seddaw n igennin, ad bin lqaɛa! " Yeḍra-d akka. Isemma Yillu i lqaɛa-nni akal, isemma daɣen i taffa-nni n waman, ilel (lebḥer). Syenna, yessemɣi-d Yillu addagen (ṭṭjuṛ) d yemɣan.
Ass wis rebɛa
Ixdem-d Yillu tafukt, aggur d yetran. Taftilt tameqrant, tafukt, teḥkem ɣef wass, ma d taftilt tamctuḥt, aggur, yeḥkem ɣef yiḍ.
Ass wis xemsa
Isnulfa-d Yillu iselman, ad ččaren lebḥur, d yegḍaḍ ara yesrifgen deg igenni. D iɣersiwen n yilel, d yal ṣṣenf n iselman, neɣ d igḍaḍ d igudar d yefrax akkit, yefka-ten-id meṛṛa Umesnalfu.
Ass wis setta n usnulfu
ixleq-d Yillu iɣersiwen d wayen akk iteddun di lqaɛa. D yal ṣṣenf. D Ṛebbi yedren i sen-d yessawlen ɣer tudert. Ɣer tagara n usnulfu, Yenna-d Yillu: " A nexleq amdan ɣer ṣṣifa-nneɣ ". Iddem-d Yillu aɣebbaṛ seg akal, yexleq-d amdan. Iṣuḍ di tenzarin-is, yuqel wemdan-nni d tarwiḥt yeddren.
Ass wis sebɛa
Yesteɛfa Yillu si lxedma-s meṛṛa. Mačči imi ahat yeɛya, lameɛna, yennekmal ccɣel-is n usnulfu. Iburek Yillu ass-nni. Ula d imdanen yewwi-d lḥal ad ḥerzen ass di ddurt, i westaɛfu d leɛbada n Yillu.
D Illu n tidett i yzemren ad isnulfu amdal-agi deg nettidir, d ameqran yerna yecbeḥ. Yiwen n Yilli i yellan. D Illu n tidett, d amesnalfu n umaɣrad.
Amek yella Yillu n tidett?
Ahat a nizmir a nissin amek yella Yillu ma nelmed taɣara-ines. A d-nwali kra seg jerriden n tɣara-ines.
1.Illu, yettili di yal amkan di yal lawan. Yeqqar-d Yillu, ulac win izemren ad yeffer fell-as. Ṛebbi yettili di yal tamurt deg yiwen n lweqt. Dawed yellan d nnbi d agellid, yenna-d: " Sani ara rewleɣ akkin ɣef wudem-ik? Ma uliɣ ɣer igenwan, telliḍ dinn; ma nniɣ: xarttum a yi-ɣumment tillas, ad yi-d-yuqel yiḍ yezzi-yi-d d tafat. "
2.Yessen kullec Yillu. Yeẓra yal tidmi yal axemmim yeffren deg ulawen-nneɣ. Yenn-d Dawed: " Tkeččemḍ-d si lebɛid deg xemmimen-iw, urɛad i d-iteffeɣ wawal seg imi-w, kečč ay Ameɣlal, teẓriḍ-t yakan. " Nezmer a neffer aṭas n lumuṛ ɣef yemdanen, lameɛna ur yelli wayen ara neffer ɣef Ṛebbi. " yella win izemren ad yeṭṭef amkan yeffren, mebla ma walaɣ-t ? " i d-yenna Umeɣlal, " Ɛni mačči d nekkini i yeččuren igenwan d lqaɛa? ".
3.Illu d anezmar. Mačči kan ixelq-d akk amaɣrad, lameɛna yessidir-it isedday-it. Yeḥkem ɣef tegnawt, d iṭij neɣ d ageffur. Ulac ayen ara d-yeḍrun mebla lebɣi-ines. Iɣemmeṛ (yeḥkem) akk ɣef txelqiti-is.
4.Illu d ameɣlal. Ur yesɛi tazwara, ur isseɛɛu tagara. Yella-d si lebda, ad yili i dayem. " Uqbel a d-lalen idurar, uqbel ad snulfuḍ akal d ddunit meṛṛa, deg akud i dayem, kečč d Illu". I d yenna nnbi Musa.
5.Illu d azedgan d imqeddes. Yallas i lebda, Illu d imqeddes d azedgan. D aneblal yeṣfa. Ur yezmir ad yexdem cceṛ. Ur t-iqebbel, yerna yekreh ddnub. Ma d abekkaḍ (ddnub) yezdeg deg ulawen n yemdanen meṛṛa. D sebba n ixemmimen-nneɣ d imeslayen d lecɣal-nneɣ n diri. Imi Ṛebbi d azedgan, yekreh ddnub i ɣ-izedɣen d ibekkaḍen akkit i nxeddem.
6.Illu d uɣdim d aḥeqqi. Ayen akk i yxeddem d ṣṣwab d lḥeqq. " lecɣal-ik meqqrit steɛǧiben, a Sidi Ṛebbi Anezmar ! Iberdan-ik d uɣdimen d tidett ", i d-nnant Tira.
Imi d uɣdim, ur yettɛemmid ara i win yessexṣaren. Ilaq a t-imerret ( a t-iɛaqeb).
Yura deg Adlis: " Lexlas n ddnub d lmut ".
7.Illu d urḥim. Yenna-d nnbi Dawed: " Axaṭeṛ telhiḍ, a Sidi Ṛebbi, tettsamaḥeḍ, teččureḍ d leḥmala ɣer wid yettɛennin ɣur-k ". Ɣas akken yekreh Yillu ddnub i nxeddem, yewwi-d ad t-imerret, yesɛa daɣen ṛṛeḥma yettiḥnin ɣur-neɣ. Illu d tayri. Iḥemmel-aɣ ɣas akken d imednuben. Yebɣa Yillu ad ttuselken yemdanen meṛṛa. Yebɣa yal aragz yal tameṭṭut yal agrud a t-iḥemmel !
Tḥemleḍ Ṛebbi ? Netta iḥemmel-ik, d acu kan, ur iḥemmel ur iqebbel ddnub-ik !
Tura, uqbel a ttkemleḍ leqraya, err-d ɣef umseqsi 1


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Wikipedia:Tajmaɛt/ɣuct 2017
Wikipedia ur temmug ara i tullisin neɣ i tmucuha[ẓreg aɣbalu]
Azul
Aql-i eerḍeɣ ad ttekkiɣ, snulfaɣ-d kra imagraden, maca ufiɣ yiwet n taluft ala deg Wikipedia taqbaylit i tella, ttarun deg-s ayen ufan, tullisin, timucuha... Surfet-aɣ kan mačči d kra i d-ssukseɣ i iḍrisen-a, lhan, maca Wikipedia mačči d amkan n tullist. Yewwi-d ad neḍfer ilugan am wid n tutlayin nniḍen, m'ara d-neḥseb acḥal imagraden yellan deg-s ilaq ad yili leḥsab iṣeḥḥa, mačči win d-irḥen ad yaru tullist neɣ asefru deg Wikipedia, nekk walaɣ ilaq amuqel deg waya. Tanemmirt.


text:
Tamaziɣt n Muriṭanya (taẓnagt neɣ tuḍḍungiyya) attan la tettmettat. D nettat ay d tutlayt tawḥidt ay la yetteddun ad tenger deg tmurt-a. Ass-a, ala Catherine Taine-Cheikh ay la ixeddmen fell-as. Tessuffeɣ-d asegzawal (dictionnaire) n tmaziɣt n Muriṭanya maca yella kan s teḍrist-nnes tafṛensist-tamaziɣt.
Nebɣa ad nesɛu anermis (contact) ed yemdanen ay yessawalen tamaziɣt n Muriṭanya akken ad nkemmel assefter (documentation) n tentala-a yernu, ma yella wamek, nessiwel ed yemsiwlen n tmaziɣt n Muriṭanya s Internet (s webrid n Facebook, s Skype, atg.), akken ad yeddu ccɣel-nneɣ s tɣawla yernu war ma yesqam-d aṭas.
Catherine Taine-Cheikh txebber-aɣ-d dakken yella yiwen n wergaz d Afinlandi yelmed tantala tamaziɣt n Muriṭanya, maca nettat s timmad-nnes ur tesɛi ara tilɣa-nnes n unermis (coordonnées). Amdan-a yezmer ad aɣ-iɛawen mliḥ deg ccɣel-nneɣ. Tzemrem ad aɣ-tɛawnem ad t-id-naf ?


text:
Aṭas ayagi i ttwessiâeY ad aruY kra Yef agur n remḍan, agur n laẓ n Inselmen. Maca myal tikkelt ttkukruY imi tamusni-iw n usYan ineslem Yur-es tilisa d tihrawanin. Ur lliY d Ineslem ur nudaY ad issineY ugar n wayen sliY yagi ar medden. Maca, imi Aqvayli ittwawacem s usYan agi imi mazal nedder ddaw uḍar n wAârav isneslem, ulamek ak ara aY tezgel twaYit ines. Netta myal asseggas irekkem u nekni ttawḍen aY-d iffuṛan is. Ula di tmurt nni i deg nerna rrekva ar deffir tettwagdel tiqit n waman deg zal qayli. Tileqqimt n uYrum ur k ttajjan ad tt tecceḍ limer ad tesselqfeḍ. Amek ur asen d-qqareḍ ara?
Tura imi ma d iẓuran n wagur n remḍan vanen. Am aṭas n temsal nniḍen di tneslemt, ileqeḍ-it id Muḥuc si tmasiḥit. Ur illi wayen id-isnulfa deg-s. Tura, am akka, iceb1beḥ-as sya-u-sya u ifka as udem aârav is it-nessen assa. Ma d ayen nniḍen yiwen-is. Maca ugur macci d wagi. Tiyersi macci d remḍan s timad-is. D Inselmen d tmuYli nsen tazikennit irkan i seg illa wayen n dir. Imi win yuẓamen seg-sen ur ivYi ara wiyaḍ ad ccen, ad t-ccen. Ilaq ad illin ak medden kif kif mawel ur teffiY ara fell-asen. Amzun remḍan d tneslemt s umata macci i yiman nsen s timad nsen i t-ttuqimen. Macci d taruḥanit d liman i talwit n wul. Ihi Yur-sen d âekkaz s wacu ara ssigden medden. D avrid amek ara d sseYlin cwal anda vYun dren.
Di tmura tinselmin, asYan d uwanek myuṭafen afus. Ddan akken wa ar tama n wa. Acku tineslemt macci d asYan kan am tudayt neY tmasiḥit. Tineslemt d anagraw asertan i seddawen awanek, taYdemt d tlufa nniḍen tiYarimiyin. Tineslemt ur tezmir ara ad teqqim kan di lejwama neY deg ulawen n wid ittamnen yis-s. Tlul-ed akken ad tessudes timetti Yef akken i tt-iwala Muḥuc. Ulamek assa ara a nerjju deg-s akken ad tefk lwi Yef wid ur nettqadar ara remḍan. Inselmen, di tmuYli nsen, remḍan d yiwen gar illugan ittunefken i umdan ad t-iqadar. Macci d amenzay amesYan akken ad qadren kan wid ittamnen yis-s. D wagi i d ugur.
Ihi d aya i Yef tamuYli n Inselmen d Isenselmen d tin n Iqvayliyen iliaykiyen mbarrazent. Ivardan nsent ur ttemlilin ara. Nutni teddun ad aY rren ṣrima akken a neddu akken vYan u nekni jjan aY-d imezwura nneY tikli nniḍen, avrid nniḍen. Ur nteddu ara yid-sen akken vYun uqmen, akken vYun ssextutsen tilufa. Nekni remḍan d agur am wiyaḍ. Ur iṣub ur yuli. Win yumnen yuẓam d netta i iẓran, win iwalan akken nniḍen d netta daYen i iẓran. Maca awanek azzayri ur izmir ara i tmuYli taqvaylit. Ẓẓayet nezzeh fell-as. Netta iwala akken nniḍen. Yuqem akken nniden. Mgal tamuYli taqvaylit. Wid ur neṭṭif ara avrid d-injer udavu amehrus n Llezzayer, ttwaṭafen timti ara ccen di verra u ḥebsen-ten iYallen n laman. Tikwal kkaten ten u ttaeṣṣiren deg sen Yef tleqwimt n uYrum. Tineggura yagi ar teYdemt daYen iten ttaken ad aeddin di tiṭ n tisegnit…Amek ara yidir Umasiḥi, neY Wuday neY win ur nettamen gar iYarsan am wigi?


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Tafrikt n Ugafa
Tafrikt n Ugafa neɣ Tamazɣa d tamnaḍṭ i d-yezgan deg ugafa n Tefrikt : Deg-s deqs n tmura gar-asent Dzayer, Maṣer, Libya, Amerruk, Tunes, Muriṭanya, Tigzirin Tiknariyin, atg.
Iɣerfan[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg Ugafa n Tefriqt, imezdaɣen inaṣliyen neɣ imezdaɣen imenza d Imaziɣen, d nutni i d amur ameqran deg yimezdaɣen n Tmazɣa, xas ma yella aṭas deg-sen ass-a i la ttmeslayen taɛrabt neɣ Tafṛansist. Imaziɣen gan-d tilas i wakal d ameqran, yewwet-d seg wemda n Isiwan, deg Umalu (Ouest) n Maṣer armia d Targa Zewwaɣen (tazeggart) d Muriṭanya, ɣef yiri n ugaraw Atlasi neɣ adrar n watlas.
Akal n Yimaziɣen, seg wakken meqqer armiay yewweḍ ɣer wul (tlemmast) n Tefriqt. D Imuhaɣ neɣ Imucaɣ ay d aɣref n Yimaziɣen ay ilan (yesɛan) akal meqqren akk gar iɣerfan imaziɣen wiyaḍ, xas akken ur gtan ara. Akal-nsen d Aneẓruf (Idurar n Tasili, n Ayer di Nijir, atg.).


text:
Questions:
1) Relevez tous les adverbes de temps contenus dans le texte ci-dessous.
2) Formez une phrase avec chacun de ces adverbes de temps.
[Asmekti n wass aYelnaw n unaẓur]
Tamehla n yedles n n Tizi-Wezzu akk d lemeawna n sindika n yinaẓuren n Tizi-Wezzu, sudsen-d ddurt-agi yezrin deg wass n 08 yunyu asmekti n wass aYelnaw n unaẓur deg wexxam n yedles n Lmulud At Meemmar s teYezi n 3 n wussan. Asmekti-agi yella-d d tajmilt i 04 n yinaẓuren : Oukil Amar, Amar Seghir, Ameziane Mohand Ameziane d Belkhir Mohand Akli.
Γas akken llan wid yerza waṭan, s tebYest ussan-d Yer usmekti Yer tejmilt-agi i yuYalen i 04 n yinaẓuren iqburen i d-teffka temnaḍt n leqbayel,ger-assen inaẓuren iqburen am Dda Rabah (Taleb Rabah), Rabah Oufarhat i yellan d aselway n sindika n yinaẓuren n temnaḍt n Tizi-Wezzu, Taleb Tahar , Chemoun… atg.
Ger 04 n yinaẓuren-agi iwmi tuYal tejmilt, yiwen segsen tewwi-t tmettant aseggas yezrin, yemmut ass n 29 yunyu 2010 di taddart-is At Umezyan di tama n Tizi-Wezzu. ger tezlatin yecna “Sser n teqbayliyin, aṭṭir-iw amsafer, Ala abeḥri n tmurt-iw, Win yebYan zzin.. atg”.
Ma yella d Dda Amar Seghir n taddart n Talla n Tazert taYiwant n yibudraren ur d-yussi ara ula d netta Yer tejmilt-agi is-yuYalen acku yeṭṭef-it waṭan deg ussu, nessaram-as tujya, ger tezlatin yecna ” Lfiraq ay atma yuear, yelli-s n Jerjer meskint, Sllam Llah fell-awen… at”. Belkhir Mohand Akli n temnaḍt n Boudjima yussa-d Yas akken ur yezmir ara, maca yenna” Ass-a d ass yiffen akk ussan”, ger tezlatin yecna” Tumeint n tfetusin, UffiY-tt di tesga teqqim, Sid Ahmed Abudali… atg”. Dda Amar ” Oukil Amar”, Yas akken yelḥa deg leemer yettban-d am yilemẓi, mazal lbaraka, yemekta-d tiqdimin, yecna-d tizlitt-is mucaeen Chemin difir bu wurfan, syen yecna-d tizlitt n Farid Ali ” Ayemma ezizen ur ttru” d tajmilt i yimeYrasen n tegrewla tazzayrit.
Awal yuYal i Dda Rabah (Taleb Rabah), anda yerra tajmilt i yinaẓuren iY-yejjan am Ahcene Mezani, Hnifa, Farid ALI.
Rabah Ouferhat, aselway n sindika n yinaẓuren n temnaḍt n T-izi-Wezzu, yerra tajmilt i yinaẓuren merra, syen yessuter tifrat i wugguren yettidir unaẓur syen yecna-d tizlitt-is mucaeen ” A tala illuYen d acu i kem-yuYen? “. Akka, yal anaẓur yuklal leqdar, tajmilt teedda i tegnatin yelhan aṭas.
Di tegnitt am tagi issulef fell-aY ad-nebder anaẓur xarṣsum stewzel n wawal acku aken nebYu newwi-d awal fell-as, ur nezmir ara ad d-nezzi yakk Yef wayen yexdem. Taẓuri d lebḥer lqayen, d lebḥer wessieen ur yezmir yiwen ad-tyelḥeq akken yebYa.
Taẓuri d tilleli, ur tcudd ara Yer yiwen wemḍiq, tleḥḥu, tessuruf tilisa, trezzef si wa Yer wa, ur tkeffu ara deg-s lYella, ur tesei-ara taggara. Dima yettlalay-d umaynut Yef umaynut.
*Texte de I. Bessaci. DDK du 13 juin 2011.
Č Ḍ Ǧ Ḥ Ɛ Ṛ Ɣ Ṣ Ṭ Γ E č ḍ ǧ ḥ ɛ ṛ ɣ ṣ ṭ ẓ Y e


text:
Tixencelt
Tixencelt neɣ Xencla, d tɣiwant n tmurt n yicawiyen d tamaneɣt n twilayt n Txencelt. Tezga-d deg temnaṭ n Wawras deg wegmuḍ (ccerq) n Ledzayer, ar 1122 lmitrat deg tfellayt af yillel. Llan deg useggas n 2008 ugar n 108 580 imezdaɣ di tɣiwant-nni.
Tarakalt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tixencelt tezga-d deg ugafa n twilayt n Txencelt, ar 470km seg Ldzayer d 100km seg Tbatent ar wegmuḍ. Bnan aɣrem-a deg ukessar n iɣallen imezwura n udrar n Wawras, ar utaram a d-nufa yiwet teqacuct i wumi qqaren Ixf n Sidi Ɣris. Deg wegmud illa yeɣzer n Baɣay.


text:
Win yezwaren i d ameqqran-nnsen, amecwar gar-as d wid i d-yeddan yid-es. D netta i sen-yezwaren. Aten-ad wa deffir wa, gan azrar am tweḍfin di tsawent, acu kan tiweḍfin d tiberkanin yerna ttawint ttarant tagella deg imawen, nutni simmal simmal ttimlulen yiwen webrid i âtâtawin, d uzzal i bubben mačči d uffal neY d tagella.
Aerur ibubb, ul ẓzay, aḍar deg wedfel la-yessuruf. D tuggdi.
AbYas mačči d win i-wumi ḥman idammen, ayen i d-yusan a-t-iqazem fiḥel ma tergagi taYma, aYesmar yeqqur, agecrir ibedd, ayen i d-yusan yebna fell-as. Yas yettruẓ ur ikennu. Amdan yebnan s ddkir mačči s teksumt, mačči d amdan, mmi-s n wergaz d tmeṭṭut d tasa d idammen !
AbYas, d win tdel tuggdi s yifer-is usbik, aẓayan, terra tillas zdat wallen, tagecrirt tulwa, aYesmar la-yettinig iman-is, tasa tebYa ad d-teffeY dayenni, yeẓra ayen i t-yurğan ahat d ilili ahat d inig aneggaru winna ur d-ngellu s tuYalin, maca yezga yessuruf, yezga iteddu, akken i s-tehwa teffeY.
AbYas d win Iḥulfan i tuggdi tugar tiYemdin mačči yekna-yas. AbYas d win yuggaden Yef uqerru-s netta ieemmed, Yas ezizet tudert yella wayen i tt-yugaren, Yas ezizit umeslay d unecreḥ yella wayen i ten-yugaren. Ayen aeni yella win yufan tiẓeṭ yeggumma-tt ? Ayen aeni yella win yugin ad yili akken i s-yehwa, ad yawi abrid s talwit ? Yak ulac win yufan rrbeḥ yugi-t, anagar ibki zdat lğefna n sesku ! Aeni yella win yeṛwan tarwa d imawlan, i-mi akka ata-n la-yettegririb di tẓegwin, deg umur ad yeqqim yid-sen nnig ukanun ad yeẓzizen, cwiṭ d ameslay cwiṭ d asefled.
Netta tura wid aezizen amzun yerra tablaṭ fell-asen, nutni daYen ahat uysen-t, dayen rran-t di tesga n tasa anida ur tt-yesmunddul.
Yeğğa-ten akken Yer deffir, Yas ur uklalen ass-a yurew-asen-ed lihana, azekka ahat ar-a sen-ed-yernu d imeṭtawen.
Yeẓra Iḍurr-iten, ulac win ar-a sen-ed-yekken deg yimi n tewwurt, ulac win ar-a sen-yessasen tagella mi ar-a llaẓen.
Deg wussan n tegrest akka am wass-a, anwa ar-a sen-ed-izedmen ? Tusa-d nnig yiYil-is, yella wayen i ten-yugaren. Ula d tasa i-wumi-tt ma d ddell kan ar-a d-tagem ?
Ata-n ass-a ger idurar d izuYar, ger tudert d tmettant, Yas aḍar iteddu ul ineddu, ur yeẓra melmi ar-a sen-tbedd tikli ad yegzem wemrar wuYur tcudd tudert yellan. Netta ieemmed ; Yas akka Yer berra amzun tduz tasa, s-sya Yer da tezga tessebraq-ed, tettergigi-d, teqqar-as-ed « A kečč i yi-ixedmen akka ! Amek armi i yi-tegreḍ deg tegnitt am ta, nekk yessaramen lehhu tura bḍiY d wayen urweY, la-ttquddureY rennuY, cedhaY taḍsa d umeslay ? »
Ansi i s-ed tekka netta yekka-yas ansi nniḍen, ameabber yezga gar-asen, Salem mačči tengugi nniyya-s.
Tura dayen ğğan azaYar, d tiwririn i la-ttalin, mraw i d-igan tarbaet, d azrar n warraw n tmeṭtut i la-inebbcen di tsawent. Tugett deg-sen knan si teakkemt yeggten. Ddurt, ur yekkis yiwen wass anagar d tikli, metwal asammer i d-uYalen. Mmuggren at tlisa ad d-awin amur-nnsen deg leslaḥ. Skud yufrar usigna deg igenni, deg uzal gganen, deg yiḍ teddun. Nutni di lqaea, timucarin deg igenni. Ass-a, aYemYum i d-yeYlin idel tamurt, yeffer-iten Yef yir tiṭ ar-a ten-id-iwalin. La-teddun ddaw laenaya-s. Inig n webrid-a mačči d win n menwala.
Adiwenni d Aemer Mezdad di La pêche de Kabylie :
http://www.depechedekabylie.com/read.php?id=55943&ed=MTgyMA==
Amegrad Yef tsekla n Mezdad :
http://www.depechedekabylie.com/read.php?id=55942&ed=MTgyMA==


text:
Talɣa:BUamseqdac
Talɣa | Almeḍris | Asenfaṛ Tanaka Amseqdac
Adfer-talɣa agi tezmer ad suffeɣ s ushil tinuka umseqdac i slugen.
Agbur
Timezgiyin[ẓreg aɣbalu]
- tehri n tanaka : 238px
- tehri n umḍiq n tignit : 45px
- tugniwin d iḍrisen ad illin di talemmast n tixxamin nsen
Tilɣatin tingiyin ad neqqeled[ẓreg aɣbalu]
Syntaxe[ẓreg aɣbalu]
{{BUamseqdac | iri = #999999   | ini = #EEEEEE   | aḍris-ini = #000000   | img-ini = #FFFFFF   | img = icone.svg   | img-lqedd = 45px   | img-azwel = Titre Icône   | azwel-lqedd = 11px   | azwel = Poker   | aḍris-lqedd = 11px   | aḍris = Tturareɣ l [[poker]].   }}
Tizmiltin :
- azwel yesɛa ini tagadda s uḍris.
- azwel d uḍris zemren ad rkeden ma d amseqdac naɣ ma d tamseqdact s usexdem n talɣa {{Tawsit amseqdac}}.
Ma d tanaka umseqdac war-udmawan, ilaq ad arnud :
{{BUamseqdac
| ...
}}
[[Taggayt:   |  ]]

Amedya :
{{BUamseqdac
| ...
}}
[[Taggayt:Tanaka amseqdac tadugamt n zodiaque|Verseau]]

Tazmilt : ur tṛuḥ ara ar ajeṛṛiḍ gar «
}} » d
- Snat tugniwin
Ma tanaka telaq at sɛi snat tugniwin, yiwet ar idis n tayed, ilaq ad rnud kṛaḍ iɣewwaren i tugna n uyfus :
| imgd = icone2.svg   | imgd-lqedd = 45px   | imgd-azwel = Titre Icône 2
Ma tanaka telaq at sɛi snat tugniwin, yiwet nnig n tayed, ilaq ad rnud kṛaḍ iɣewwaren i ajeṛṛiḍ wis sin :
| img2 = logo.svg   | img2-lqedd = 45px   | img2-azwel = Titre Logo
- Kkuẓ tugniwin
Tanaka tezmer at sɛu alma kkuẓ tugniwin, img d imgd di ajeṛṛiḍ amezwaru, img2 et imgd2 di ajeṛṛiḍ wis sin :
| imgd2 = logo2.svg   | imgd2-lqedd = 45px   | imgd2-azwel = Titre Logo 2
- War tugna : 1 naɣ 2 iḍrisen
Di amḍiq n 1 ar 4 tugniwin, nezmer an rnu yiwen aḍris :
| img-aḍris = Abbrev   | img-aḍris-ini = #000000   | img-aḍris-lqedd = 14px
Ma nevɣa ad nernu aḍris wis sin i bḍun s urreg aglawi (amedya : tasuqilt deg tutlayt nniḍen), nezmer an rnu (aḍris agi wis sin yesexdem initen am aḍris amezwaru d azwel lamaɛna yezmer ad yesɛu lqedd imeẓli) :
| aḍris2 = I play [[poker]].   | aḍris2-lqedd = 11px
- Isevtaren iqqenen d Tiggayin
Ma tanaka telaq ad sɛu aseɣwen s tawsit Isevtaren i qqenen, ilaq an rnu aɣewwar wayeḍ (iwakken ad isnazel akerdis ɣer asevtar uslig s umuɣ n akk isevtaren i qqenen ar talɣa) :
| aseɣwen = Poker
Imil, ma tella taggayt i msisen i isevtaren n imseqdacen, an sexdem :
| taggayt = Amseqdac Poker   | taggayt2 = Amseqdac Tarot
S aɣewwar agi, imseqdacen i rnun tanaka agi deg asevtar udmawi nsen sɛan asevtar udmawi nsen s awurman deg taggayt i qqenen.
Tazmilt : ilaq an mel isem ummid n taggayt, axatar af tiɣẓinin n amṣada s isemawen iqdimen n tiggayin, adat "Taggayt:Amseqdac xxx" ur yella ala dayem.
Ma ulac taggayt, ur ilaq ara at snulfud. Axiṛ ad rǧud taggayt agi at sɛi lfayda at illi, ilaq ad illin aṭas imseqdacen i sexdemen tanaka agi. Ẓeṛ aseqqamu af amḍan n isevtaren deg tiggayin.
Azalen isulleḍen n iɣewwaren[ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tanaka tablulaɤt teselfu deg asevtar :
iri: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=#999999, ahras ) ini n iri n tanaka, amedya : "black" naɣ "#0000FF"
imdewweṛ: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=0) Tiɤmertin zemrent ad ilint timdewweṛent ma imesfedwec yevɣa
- Mozilla : i beqqeḍ
- Internet explorer : ur i beqqed ara
Azal aseqqamu : 0.6em. Isenfel s px ou em
align: ulac asulef, (ma ulac tiferni=left) ; Aderrec n ifrir n tanaka, ala kan ma i sexdem srid daxel asevtar udmawi, lamaɛna mačči daxel talɣa n tanaka tanamayt. Azalen izemren lan left, center, right, naɣ none (tanaka ur t ifrir ara).
Aḥric aẓelmaḍ : s unnim tugna :
img-ini: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=#FFFFFF, amellal) ini n ider n tugna naɣ n tugniwin, amedya : "#906090" naɣ "#ccc"; i isenǧaqen s ixawagen imellalen af iri, ilaq ad ssefrud ini s #EEEEEE i eemmed an ẓeṛ axawag amellaln usenǧaq dɣa an sɤel tizunin is (amedya : s usenǧaq n Tmurt n Monaco naɣ Tmurt Lezzayer).
- tugna tamezwarut (taxetṛant) :
img: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=ulac tugna) isem n tugna, s umedya "Berber flag.svg"
img-lqedd: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=45px) tehri n tugna t senfel s pixels, amedya : "30px"; i tugniwin s ugama (isenǧaqen, aṭas n tiwlafin), ulac tixxutert af ad n rnu iɣewwaren i sexdemen ladɣa i usemẓi n tehri ma ulac tiferni iwakken taɤwzi ur tugwar ara 45px (iwakken ad iḥrez lqedd n tinuka dɣa ad ilit derrecet)
img-azwel: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=azal n aɣewwer azwel ma yesbadu adda-ya, ma ulac isem n tugna) amedya : "Asenǧaq n Tmurt Leqvayel"
-
- tugna tis snat, af uyfus n tugna tamezwarut(taxetṛant) :
imgd: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=ulac tugna)
imgd-lqedd: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=45px)
imgd-azwel: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=nisem ntugna)
-
- première tugna, deg tajeṛṛiḍt tis snat, ihi ddaw tugna tamezwarut (taxetṛant) :
img2: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=ulac tugna)
img2-lqedd: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=45px)
img2-azwel: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=isem n tugna)
-
- seconde tugna, tajeṛṛiḍt tis snat, ar uyfus n tugna tamezwarut ar tajeṛṛiḍt tis snat (taxetṛant) :
imgd2: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=ulac tugna)
imgd2-lqedd: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=45px)
imgd2-azwel: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=isem n tugna)
-
- naɣ aḍris (axetṛan) :
img-aḍris: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=ulac aḍris) aḍris isemselsi tugna, s amedya "E=mc2"
img-aḍris-ini: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=#000) ini n uḍris/tugna, s amedya "red"
img-aḍris-lqedd: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=14px) lqedd n uḍris/tugna, s amedya "10px"
-
Aḥric n uyfus, aḍris ibeqqeḍ :
ini: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=#DDDDDD, abenẓar) ini n ider n tanaka, amedya : "#906090" naɣ "#ccc"
aḍris-ini: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=#000000, averkan) ini n iḍrisen dɣa d azwel daxel tanaka, amedya : "yellow" naɣ "#0CCCC"
- S unnim, ini n tanaka d aceelal (pastel), dɣa iḍrisen qqimen daxel ini ma ulac tiferni s uverkan (ulac tixxutert an rnu aḍris-ini ḥaca ma aɣewwar ini yerna ini iberrezen). Ẓeṛ akrawal udlif n tinuka
- Azwel ulac asulef (S awurman s afayan dɣa ɣef ajeṛṛiḍ i bḍun s ufella n uḍris)
azwel: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=ulac azwel) azwel n tanaka ; ad illi isnazel s afayan ad i aḍfar s andar ujeṛṛiḍ ; ma yernad, yesɛa tixxutert af azwel ma ulac tiferni i tugna tamezwarut.
azwel-lqedd: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=aḍris-lqedd ma yesbadu, ma ulac 11px; rnu ar 13px i taɛravt naɣ i tacinwit)
-
- Aḍris agejdi (i rnan srid daxel taseddart ddaw azwel)
aḍris: elzem, lamaɛna azal is yezmer ad yilli iclec, aḍris n tanaka, a sartu n uzwel
aḍris-lqedd: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=11px, rnud ar 13px i taɛravt naɣ i tacinwit)
-
- Aḍris axetṛan wis sin (i bḍun af azwel dɣa af aḍris amezwaru s arreg arqaq aglawi seg ini n iri).
aḍris2: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=ulac aḍris) taseddart tis snat, s umedya i uḍris di tutlayt tis snat.
aḍris2-lqedd: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=aḍris-lqedd ma yesbadu, ma ulac 11px; rnu ar 13px i taɛravt naɣ i tacinwit)
-
Aḥric taxetṛant : aseɣwen n tunigin s wadda ar uyfus (akerdis amectuḥ i mhelen ɣer s wadda). Nezmer an snazel aseɣwen agi s snat tirraytin :
- ɣer asevtar uslig "Special:Whatlinkshere" :
aseɣwen: ulac asulef, isem n talɣa n tanaka imanis war adat "Talɣa:".
-
- ɣer taggayt n imseqdacen n tanaka :
taggayt: ulac asulef, rnud isem n taggayt imseqdacen n tanaka agi, war adat "Taggayt:". Ẓeṛ af isevtaren "umseqdac" kan ad illin deg tiggayin. Nezmer an sexdem tanaka agi anda nniḍen deg amyannan naɣ deg "Wikipedia:" war amyannan agi ad illi deg taggayt n imseqdacen n tananka. Tirawt: ma an sexdem aɣewwar agi, aɣewwar "aseɣwen=Amseqdac ...|" id yefken isem n talɣa i nzeɣ dɣa d aseɣwen ɣer taggayt n imseqdacen ad i vanen.
-
- Iwakken ur n snezel ilem aseɣwen, ilaq kan ur neternu acemma deg tanaka ulama d aɣewwar
aseɣwen, ulama d aɣewwar
taggayt.
Ṭabla n initen[ẓreg aɣbalu]
Exemples[ẓreg aɣbalu]
{{BUamseqdac | img = Blason_Languedoc.svg | img-azwel = Azamul n Tamnaṭ n Languedoc (Tamurt n Fṛansa) | img-lqedd = 21px | imgd =Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg | imgd-azwel = Azamul n Tmurt n Suisse | imgd-lqedd = 21px | img2 = Blason_Nord-Pas-De-Calais.svg | img2-azwel = Azamul n Tamnaṭ n Nord-pas-de-calais (Tamurt n Fṛansa) | img2-lqedd = 21px | imgd2 = Blason région fr Champagne-Ardenne.svg | imgd2-azwel = Azamul n Tamnaṭ n Champagne Ardennes (Tamurt n Fṛansa) | imgd2-lqedd = 21px | ini = #FFF0F5 | azwel = Kkuẓ tugniwin | aḍris = Nezmer an ssers alamma kkuẓ tugniwin deg aḥric aẓelmaḍ. }}
{{BUamseqdac | aḍris = Amseqdac agi ur i ḥemmel kra. }}
{{BUamseqdac | img-ini = red | img-aḍris-ini = yellow | img-aḍris-lqedd = 12px | img-aḍris = '''e= mc²''' | ini = darkblue | aḍris-ini = white | aḍris = Amseqdac agi d '''  asemdan  '''. }}
mc²
{{BUamseqdac | img-ini = #FFBBBB | img-aḍris-lqedd = 13px | img-aḍris = '''en-0''' | ini = #FFEEEE | iri = #FFBBBB | aḍris = Amseqdac agi '''[[:Taggayt:Amseqdac en|ur yefhem kra]]''' s '''[[:Taggayt:Amseqdac en|tutlayt tanglizt]]''', naɣ ur yevɣa ara ad yemmeslay s tutlayt agi. | aḍris2 = This user '''[[:Taggayt:Amseqdac en|does not]]''' speak '''[[:Taggayt:Amseqdac en|English]]''', or does not want to speak English. | taggayt = Amseqdac en-0 }}


text:
Tabrat n Yimedyazen
Taghmist n Tiddukla - Utt'un 12
(ddur't n 16 gher 22 Ghuct 2003)
Zik neqqar win yebghan tamazight, ad yissin tira-s
Ass-a
neqqar win yebghan tamazight, ad tt-yaru
Tigejdit :
Azul fell-awen ay atmaten d teysetmatin
Ass-a, mi akka ara tettidir tmazight di tegnit n zz'mik,
n lh'er's akk d lh'if, fih'el ma nenna-d u n‚awed-d d akken teh'wadj wid ara tt-i‚iwnen akken ad d-tekker, ad tennerni u ad
as-ned'men ad tidir di tmid'i-yagi (lqern) ay d-ikecmen. Tallalt (lem‚awna) n tmazight d ayen ay ilaqen ad d-yili seg yal
yiwen deg-negh yernu, akken d-nenna ach'al d abrid, anect-a d lwadjeb ghef yal win d tin d-yeqqaren d akken d amazigh negh
d tamazight ay yella/tella. D acu kan, amek i ilaq ad d-tili tallalt-agi ? Anwa ay ilaqen ad i‚iwen tamazight yernu s wacu
? Imi tutlayt-nnegh tamazight nettekka deg-s akken nella, ur telli terba‚t ay terza temsalt akken ad tt-t‚iwen ugar n trebba‚
nnid'en, wanag yal yiwen deg-negh, ama d argaz, ama d tamett'ut, ama d axeddam negh d az'awali, terza-t temsalt, wanag win
ur nettekkay di leqdic-agi d win iregglen ghef tmasayt (responsabilitt'), d win ur nes‚i le‚naya deg wul-ines, yernu akken
ay id'urr tamazight s tukci n ufus fell-as ay yezmer ad id'urr ula d medden. Win yellan d iri-t, d iri-t, di yal amkan yernu
di kulci. Dgha, ur ilaq ara ad d-neghli di tcer'ket (tifexxet) n trewla ghef lwadjeb, ad as-nini "maci d nekk ay terza temsalt",
"nekk ur lligh d amusnaw akken ad d-ssidregh tamazight", negh atan "llant trebba‚ ara iqeddcen ghef tmazight di Fr'ansa negh
di Merr'uk", ma d netta ad yeqqen allen, ad iwwet nneh', u ad yeddj tamazight si ldjiha-s ad tegrireb, ur d as-ixeddem acemma.
Axemmem-agi ay numen wat'as deg-negh ttawin-t-id d win ur nessuffugh ara tamazight, acku ilaq ad z'ren watmaten-nnegh d akken
ass-a, di tegnit i deg tewh'el tmazight, maci ala kan d amussnaw iqeddcen meb‚id negh d amer'kanit ay d-yelhan kan d yiman-is
ara d-yessuffghen tutlayt-nnegh seg ubella‚, wanag mi ara tendeh' tmes di lexla, at taddart akk ttazzalen-d akken ad tt-ssexsin.
Nnig waya, ilaq digh ad z'ren watmaten-nnegh d akken nekni tutlayt-nnegh ur tes‚i zzher' am tiyad', was tes‚a imussnawen,
haten ffren deg yixejd'an-nsen, ula d ayen xeddmen ur nsell ara yis-s, ad as-tinid' ‚eqden-d tamazight-agi i yiman-nsen kan,
rran-tt d r'aselmal i yes tetten aghrum yernu ttnadin ghef cci‚a, ma d imer'kantiyen-nnegh ... xas nekni s yimazighen nes‚a
imer'kantiyen, wid ay izemren seg wass ar azekka ad as-beddlen i tmazight udem u ad tt-refden akken ad tughal d tutlayt idjehden,
am tutlayin akk timuddirin n wemd'al, nettwali-ten ulac akk d acu n wassagh (relation) ay s‚an akk d tmazight, ur d asen-telli
deg wul wala deg uqerru. R'wah' tura kettc ssefhem-asen-d d acu n wazal ay tes‚a tutlayt-nnegh akken ad tt-id-nessider d wamek
ay ilaq ad nefk cwit' seg yiman-nnegh akken ad tidir i wass-a, i uzekka akk d slazekka. Ihi aql-iken tettwalim ay atma d akken
tamazight attan d tagujilt, d tagujilt n tidet yernu d tin ay ddjan ger yiberdan, ur tes‚i lwali wala win ara s-isefd'en imett'awen
u ad as-yett'ef afus s tidet. Dgha tewwi-d ghef yal yiwen deg-negh ad i‚iwen tutlayt-is anda ma yedda, s wacu umi yezmer.
Win ay izemren ad tt-i‚iwen s cci-yis, awi-d lukan, imi ay ilaq ad tez'rem d akken ass-a, imi ay tella tmazight d tutlayt
tameh'qurt, amur meqqren at'as di medden ur qebblen ad ssuffghen acemma si ledjyub-nsen ghef tmazight. Ad ten-tafed' d "wid
yettd'eggiren idrimen si tt'aq", mi ara d asen-d-tbedred' tamazight, ad yi‚ziz fell-asen wedrim. Ma d win ay izemren ad i‚iwen
tamazight s ufus-is, s yiles-is, s tit'-is, s uqerru-yis negh s ud'ar-is mr'eh'ba yis-s yernu s kra n wayen ara yexdem, xas
d amect'uh', yezmer ad d-yawi abaghur (lfayda) meqqren i tutlayt-nnegh. Lemmer d lebghi, ayen ara yexdem yal yiwen deg-negh
i tmazight d ayen umi ilaq ad as-nsemmi d "taghersawt" (sacrifice), yernu taghersawt negh lxir, mi ara d-yekka seg wul, xeddmen-t
medden bat'el ... dgha imi ay gh-tella tmazight deg wul, meqqar d nekni s wid ay tt-ih'emmlen, aygher ur s-nxeddem ara lxir
seg wul-nnegh ? Aygher ur nettak ara fell-as ayen ‚zizen fell-anegh (lweqt, tazmert, idrimen, ...) mebla ma nh'useb-itt ghef
wayen ara d agh-d-terr ? Tugh, win ih'emmlen ur yetth'asab ara, yernu nez'ra akk d akken taswi‚t-a, akka ay tt-bghan wid yellan
nnig-negh di yal amkan, tamazight ur d as-ldin tiwwura akken ad d-terr kra. D acu kan, ma neqbel, nekni s Yimazighen, ad as-nefk
i tmazight mebla leh'sab, ad tt-nettaru wagar-anegh, ad tt-nettmeslay anda ma nedda u ad tt-nesselmad i warraw-nnegh, ad d-nagh
ayen yuran yis-s (idlisen, ungalen, tisghunin) akken ad t-ngher u ad n‚iwen wid merr'a iqeddcen fell-as s tidet, ama bghan
yiduba negh ur bghin, ala tuffgha ara d-teffegh tmazight gher tafat, ma yebgha R'ebbi, yernu xas ma yehwa-yas i‚ekren (obstacles)
yellan ass-a anect-nsen anect n yidurar, adennit (labudd) azekka ad ten-teghd'el tayri n tmazight. Tewwi-d ihi ur tettmettat
ara tayri-yagi wanag ad tedjhed akken ad agh-terr d wid yettaken i tmazight mebla leh'sab. Tewwi-d ur nettxalaf ara az'ar-nnegh,
az'ar n yimesdurar n zik, mi walan times ad d-mmaren akk gher lexla akken ad tt-ssexsin, akken ur d-tettawed' ara s ixxamen-nsen
... neghmulac, atan yennulfa-d lqum yettwalin deg yexxamen-nsen a reqqen, yernu ur xeddmen acemma ... ad agh-yamen R'ebbi
seg-sen.
Imedyazen
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TIBRATIN-NWEN
Said TALIBI, si Merr'uk :
Azul fell-awen, G tizwiri, d awen-ssirimegh tudert igerrzen d
wussan ir'wan. Nekk d yan unelmad seg [wenz'ul agmud'an] (sud-est) n Lmerr'uk. Ghur-i yan usmel (site) ghif tamazight g internet:
http://www.tankra.fr.st. Yan g yimeddukal-inew ay d-iykan [izen-nwen aliktr'unan] (email) afad ad awen-aznegh ayeddegh n tabrat tamezzant
(tamect'uht). Righ ad awen-inigh hat z'righ tabrat-nna tuznem i yimeddukal-inew di temmurt n Lmerruk, zr'igh kul tabrat, ar
awen-ttinigh ayuz d ameqran ghif taghensa (aqeddec) ghif tmazight. D a ssirimegh ad umugh awd nekk g yimeghriyen n tebratin-innan
ad yili s dat ghur tamesmunt n Yimadyazen.
(...) Said TALIBI. Tanemmert.
http://www.tankra.fr.st
Tiririt : Azul fell-ak a gma (...)
Atan tettwalid' (tez'rid') belli tamazight teqqel at'as gher deffir sdat n tutlayin tiberr'aniyin am tefr'ensist akk d teglizit.
Dgha d anect-a ay d agh-iceghben (inquit'ter), yernu yeddja-yagh ad neg lh'emla-yagi. Nez'ra belli atmaten-nnegh n Merr'uk
z'ewren mlih' di tmazight. Nitni ttarun tamazight ugar n Yimazighen nnid'en di internet, yernu fkan azal meqqren i wesnerni
n tutlayt-nnegh, dgha nettara-yasen tajmilt meqqren, am wakken ara d ak-nini tanemmirt meqqren ghef wemd'iq-yinek n internet,
u ad k-is'ehh'i R'ebbi ghef leqdic-ik. Tiddukla-nnegh tqeddec deg yiwen webrid i deg tefka azal ala kan i lmufid, i wayen
yuklalen (yestuhlen) le‚tab. Nesselmad tamazight s tebratin, yernu nessefray ad d-nessuffugh tasghunt-nnegh (revue) Taftilt,
ara yarun s tmazight si tt'erf alamma d tt'erf. Nebgha ad nerr tamazight d tutlayt ara yes‚un ddur' di tmetti (socit'tt'), yernu
d tin ara ineff‚en medden di tudert-nsen, imi anect-a d yiwen seg yih'urifen ara d as-d-yerren ccan i tutlayt-nnegh. Yugh
lh'al, ma ur tes‚i ccan tutlayt-nnegh, ulac ayen ara tt-id-yessukksen, yernu ma temmut tmazight, ur gh-d-mazal ad nili d Imazighen.
Tanemmirt-ik ghef tebrat-inek u tanemmirt i watmaten-nnegh Imerr'ukiyen i d agh-yeqqaren. Nessaram ad tilid' dima seg yimeghriyen-nnegh
yernu ad tilid' seg wid ara ifehmen izen-nnegh (message) deg wayen yerzan asseqdec n tmazight. Ssaramegh-ak afud igerrzen
a gma. Sghur tiddukla tadelsant Imedyazen.
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A tabaskit, flali-d !
Heuskera, ialgi adi kanpora
[Aqeddem : ass-a newwi-d i watmaten-nnegh snat n tdiwenniyin (interview)
ay s-tettwaxemen i yiwen n umaru (t'crivain) si Tmurt n Yibaskiyen ay yessawd'en ad yessali tutlayt-is gher weswir n tutlayt
tagraghlant (internationale) seg wakken fazen yedlisen ay d-yettaru s tbaskit. Bernardo Atxaga d amaru ay ifernen ad yaru
s tbaskit imi ur yelli seg wid ay ih'eqren tutlayt i yes d-yekker, negh seg wid yerran di rrif tutlayt i yes tt'd'en tamusni
n ddunit, dgha, xas mazal tutlayt tabaskit d tutlayt mect'uh'en di Spenyul akk d Fr'ansa, Atxaga yessawed' ad as-yerfed azal-is
u ad d-yaru yis-s ungalen yettwassnen deg wemd'al merr'a. Abrid ay d-yewwi Atxaga di tmurt-is d abrid n tezdeg d ss'fa. Yedder
lqerh' n th'eqranit n tutlayt tabaskit di tallit n lbat'el ay i‚eddan ghef Spenyul, am wakken ay yeqdec ghef wesnerni n tutlayt-is,
imi ay d-yella seg yemdanen-nni qlilen ay yettarun s tutlayt-nsen deg Yibaskiyen. Atxaga yettaru s tutlayt-is di yal lweqt
yernu anda ma yedda imi ay yettidir yis-s, ur yenkir' ara lxir-is. Tezdegh-as deg wul tbaskit alammi, ula d timucuha-s akk
d tirga-s s tutlayt-a ay tent-ibennu, maci s tiyad', xas ulamma yessen mlih' taspenyulit, alammi ula d idlisen-is d netta
s timmad-is ay ten-id-yessuqulen. Tikta (idt'es) ttenghalent deg uqerru-yis s tutlayt n lejdud-is yernu ur yelli seg wid ay
yeh'wadjen tutlayt taberr'anit "akken ad ten-fehmen wiyad', akken ad fehmen watmaten-is d acu yellan di lbal-is". D acu kan,
Atxaga ay yellan d yiwen seg yimura imeqranen n tallit-a, ur yelli digh d win ay d-yewwin abrid n leh'meq akk d kar'uh n wiyad'
akken ad yesnerni tutlayt-is u ad yessuter ad as-yettunefk wemkan yelhan di tmurt n Yibaskiyen. Xas akken Atxaga yettwali
d akken ula d taspenyulit d tutlayt-is tayemmat tis snat, mi ara nwali gher leqdic-is, yiwen ur yettazmar ad yenker' lxir
yexdem i tbaskit akk d tayri ay yes‚a i tutlayt-is. Tugh, ugur-agi nettidir-it ula d nekni s Yimazighen. At'as deg-negh d
awal kan ay ten-i‚emr'en, st'uqquten zz‚ed' yernu ttcan times ghef tmazight, wanag mi ara d-tawed' tizi n tidet, ad ten-naf
ur d-fkin acemma ime‚nen i tutlayt-nnegh, am wakken ay nes‚a at'as n yimura ay yessnen ad arun tamazight, kkren-d s tutlayt-a
yernu ulac win i ten-yifen awwi tt-ssnen, di tgara, ttagaden lemmer ad d-yeghli yigenni ma uran awal s tmazight, ttarun s
tutlayt taberr'anit ughaf "ur ttwafhamen ara", dgha ulac wi ih'eqren tutlayt am nitni. Atxaga yessebgan-anegh-d d akken yezmer
wab‚ad' ad asen-yaru i watmaten-is s tutlayt-nsen tanes'lit yernu ad t-fehmen u ad akin s ccbah'a n wayen i sen-yura, dgha
maci ala kan s tespenyulit negh s tefr'ensist ay cebh'ent lumur', wanag ula s tbaskit akk d tmazight cebh'ent, yernu cebh'ent
ugar mi ara tili temsalt d izen-nnegh ay terza. Atxaga yessebgan-anegh-d digh d akken maci dima d wid ay ikeccmen umri negh
wid yesghersen tt'bul ay izemren ad d-ssidren tutlayt, wanag yella wamek ara d-tidir tbaskit negh tmazight s webrid n tezdeg
d akk d leqdic amussnaw, d abrid ay izemren ad tent-yessiwed' s aswir ‚layen, s aswir ifazen. Afud igerrzen].
Tadiwennit tamenzut :
"Tutlayt d tazmert (...),
yernu nezmer ad tt-nesseqdec d allal i ubeddel"
Adrienne
Rich, d tamarut tamarikanit (1929-).
"A tutlayt tabaskit, flali-d",
akka ay d-teqqar yiwet n tezlit n tmid'i (lqern) wis 16 n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen yernu d wagi ay d awal i yes yettamen Bernardo
Atxaga, xas ma yella yettwali d akken ula d taspenyulit d tutlayt-is tayemmat.
Xas ma yella ar ass-a wer‚ad nessin d acu-t las'el n tbaskit,
tutlayt-a tes‚a ugar n 4000 n yiseggasen ayakka seg wasmi ara tt-ttmeslayen yernu ass-a, sseqdacen-tt wazal n 600.000 n yemdanen
di Tmurt n Yibaskiyen akk d Navarra (di Spenyul), akk d wazal n 80.000 n yemdanen nnid'en deg ugezdu (dt'partement) n Pyrt'nt'es-Atlantiques,
di Fr'ansa. Tutlayt-a tughal at'as gher deffir deg r'eb‚in-nni n yiseggasen n tesnaraft (dictature) n Franco di tmurt n Spenyul.
D acu kan, attan tettidir di tegnit yifen tin n yid'elli u llant tlata n ssebbat i tt-yeddjan ad tili akka : asdukel n tentalyin
(dialectes) tibaskiyin deg yiwet kan n tutlayt ay zemren ad fehmen akk Yibaskiyen, tughalin n tbaskit di 1979 d tutlayt tamens'abt
(officielle) n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen di Spenyul gher tama n tespenyulit akk d wesnerni n usselmed n tbaskit deg ugherbaz. Si
tama nnid'en, tella digh yiwet n terba‚t d tamect'uh't n yimura (t'crivains) ibaskiyen ay i‚ezmen ad snernin asseqdec n tbaskit
s tira akk d ussider n tsekla n tutlayt-nsen. Yiwen deg-sen, Bernardo Atxaga, yerbeh'-d arraz aghelnaw n wungal (prix national
du roman) di 1989, ghef wungal-yines Obabakoak, yugh lh'al, arraz-agi d yiwen seg warrazen imeqqranen akk n tsekla di tmurt
n Spenyul. Ass-a, gher 48 n yiseggasen di le‚mer'-is, yughal Atxaga d amaru amenzu yettarun s tutlayt tabaskit ay yessawd'en
ad yughal mechur' di ddunit merr'a. (Izen n Unesco).
D tadiwennit ay d-iga Christophe David, d aneghmas deg tsufight
n "Le Matricule des Anges", i yiwen n umaru meqqren di tutlayt tabaskit, Bernardo Atxaga.
C.D. Ghur-k kettcini, win yellan
d Abaski d win yettmeslayen tabaskit ...
Bernardo Atxaga. Ih, acku d tabaskit kan ay gh-yerran nemgerrad
(nemxallaf) ghef wiyad'. Isem n tmurt-nnegh, Euskal Herria, anamek-is "tamurt i deg ttmeslayen tabaskit". Dgha ttwaligh d
akken d tudert ay nettidir akk d tutlayt-nnegh ay yeddjan agdud-nnegh ad yes‚u tt'baye‚-is u ad yeg abrid n tudert i yiman-is
akken s‚an akk yegduden tt'baye‚-nsen negh iberdan-nsen n tudert. Dgha d awezghi ad nesr'uh' tutlayt-nnegh mebla ma nesr'uh'
ula d tinetti-nnegh (identitt').
D acu-tent i yir timughliwin i yes ttmuqulen medden
tabaskit ?
Ttwalin-tt d tutlayt kan n yiz'awaliyen. Dgha d anect-nni ay ten-yettaddjan
ad xemmen d akken tutlayt-a d tah'erfit kan (simple), ur nezmir ad d-nemmeslay yis-s ghef tghawsiwin n tnefsit negh n yedles.
Yir tamughli-yagi ur tettwaqbal imi tutlayin akk n wemd'al (ddunit) ‚edlent wagar-asent, kifkif-itent. Imesnilsiyen (linguistes)
am Jacobson akk d Bloomfield at'as aya seg wasmi ay fran tamsalt-a. Nezmer ad d-nini s tbaskit akk ayen nezmer ad t-id-nini
s tespenyulit negh s tefr'ensist. Nekk ttwaligh anect-a d ss'wab, d acu kan, maci at'as n medden i t-yez'ran.
Ibaskiyen s umata, d taspenyulit ay ttmeslayen. Dgha
ma tughal tbaskit d tutlayt tameghradit (universelle) [akken llant tutlayin idjehden am tefr'ensist, tat'alyanit negh tahulandit],
tettwalid' d akken ilaq ghef medden ad tt-sseqdacen s tin n nnif, u ad ddjen taspenyulit ?
Llan wat'as n Yibaskiyen ay yessnen mlih' tabaskit, maca maci
akk. Wanag si tama nnid'en, akk Ibaskiyen yettmeslayen tabaskit ssnen mlih' taspenyulit, negh meqqar, ttselliken-tt deg-s.
Sakin, tamsalt tgerri-d gher wacu n tutlayt ara yefren wemdan ad tt-yemmeslay. Ghef umedya, nezmer ad naru s tbaskit ghef
tesnagayt (philosophie), d acu kan, anect-a yettghimi-d d aqemmer. Win yebghan ad d-yeffegh wedlis-is, yewwi-yi-d R'ebbi d
akken ttafxir kan ad yaru ghef tesnagayt s tespenyulit. Medden akk llan qqaren-iyi-d : "Ur ttaru ara s tbaskit, tutlayt-a
tew‚er' akken ad tt-id-nessuqel (traduire), yiwen ur yeqqar ayen ara d-tarud'". D acu kan, ula d nekk ur bghigh ara ad beddlegh
tutlayt, yernu asmi ay bdigh ttarugh, ur bghigh ara ad xemmegh d akken zemregh ad zzenzegh 5000 n wudmawen (exeplaires) seg
yedlisen-iw. Lligh ker'hegh ssuq, ur d as-fkigh ara ccan. Dgha imir-n fernegh ad arugh s tbaskit xas akken z'righ d akken
ahat, wid ara d i-ighren ur tt‚eddin ara i 1000. Ass-a, idlisen-iw atni ssuqlen-ten-id gher 16 n tutlayin [di 2002, wwd'ent
gher 20], am win yuran s tutlayt taspenyulit. Ihi, d ayen i tezmer ad t-id-tawi tutlayt nnid'en ay d-tewwi tbaskit, anect-a
ur ibeddel acemma.
D acu kan, ur a ttwaligh ara d akken ilaq ad nexdem kulci
s tutlayt tabaskit. Ghef umedya, ttwaligh d akken assuffegh n yisura (films) s tbaskit ur yezmir ad d-yawi lfayda. Ilaq "ad
as-ncuh'" i tutlayt. Nezmer ad d-naru ungalen s tbaskit -imi ay llan wid yeqqaren ungal abaski- maca ma nessuqel-d tiz'riwin
(tht'ories) tineggura n rebbu negh n tsenmeghrad't (cosmologie) gher tbaskit, akken kan ad d-nessken d akken nezmer ad neg
anect-a s tutlayt-nnegh, nekk ttwaligh anect-a taghelnaz'rit (nationalisme) yernu d ayen ur nes‚i lfayda. Ilaq ad d-neg tighawsiwin
ay neh'wadj akken ad nefr'eh' maci akken ad d-neg tighawsiwin s tin n tghennant, akken ad d-nessken d akken ula d nekni nezmer
ad d-neg aya.
Tettwalid' iman-ik d aneggal (romancier) abaski ay
tellid' ?
Ala, imi tira ay ttarugh s tbaskit sufella kan ay d-terna. Nekk
s yisem-iw d amaru, ttwaligh iman-iw ttekkagh deg wensay (tradition) adelsan, di tsekla (littt'rature), d ansay yellan d ameghradi
(universel). Di Finland, h'edr'egh i yiwen n usarag (conft'rence) ay iga yiwen n umaru las'el-is si Sri Lanka, netta yettidir
di London, dgha mi akken ay d-yebder uguren n tira, fehmegh mlih' ayen akken yebgha ad d-yini. Asmi ay bdigh tira, ur tzad
ara tmusni-w di tsekla. Asmi ay s‚igh ‚ecrin n yiseggasen ay ghrigh Gabriel Aresti*. Tlata n yiseggasen sakin, fukegh akk
idlisen n tsekla yellan imir-n s tbaskit. Anect-a ur yebghi ara ad d-yini d akken ur nes‚i ara ansay di tsekla-nnegh. Ass-a,
yernu anect-a d ah'ric si tetrara (modernitt'), izri (passt') akk n tsekla n wemd'al, ama d win n Tmurt n Wa‚r'aben negh d win
n Ccinwa negh n Tur'uft nezmer ad t-naf akken ad t-ngher. Dgha s waya, yal amaru yezmer ad d-yesnulfu ansay-is i yiman-is.
Dgha win yettarun s tutlayt tameddarsut (minoritaire) ilaq ad yelh'u tikli n ubaregh di taddart i deg zedghent ala kan tiyuzad'.
Mi ara tarud' s tbaskit, ur d-tettmagared' ara uguren ?
Tameslayt (langage) n tsekla ur tes‚i tamtilt deg wemd'al, d yiwen-is
anda ma teddid', tameslayt n tsekla d tameghradit (universel) yernu tzemred' ad tt-tesqedced' s tutlayt ay k-yehwan. Id'risen
(textes) imenza ay uran s tutlayt taglizit llan kan s‚an snat n tesghunin (conjonctions), nitenti d "and" akk d "but", dgha
s kra ay yuran di tsekla taqburt n tutlayt-a yebna s ussemlili n wawal s snat-agi kan n tesghunit. D acu kan, citt'ah' kan
mbe‚d ma yettusuqel-d Wedlis Imqeddes (Bible) si tlatinit gher teglizit, tennerna tmeslayt taseklant n teglizit, dgha bdan
yimura igliziyen a sseqdacen yiwet n tseddast d tasemlalt (syntaxe complexe) akk d kra n talghiwin (formes) n ccbah'a n tutlayt
ay d-red'len si tlatinit. D anect-a ay d-yed'ran ula akk d tutlayt tabaskit. Imura yecban Dechepare akk d Axular llan ssnen
talatinit akk d tbaskit, dgha mi skecmen ayen tes‚a tmenzut-agi di tis snat-nni, rran tabaskit, tutlayt-nsen tayemmat, d tutlayt
iwejden akken ad nettaru yis-s. Akka ay tughal tbaskit d tutlayt i yes nezmer ad naru mebla uguren.
D kettc s timmad-ik ay d-yessuqlen ungal-ik, Obabakoak,
gher tespenyulit. D acu n wemgerrad yellan ger n mi ara d-yessuqel wab‚ad' adlis-is i yiman-is negh mi ara t-yefk i wemsuqel
?
Nezmer ad d-nini d akken ad'ris aseklan (texte littt'raraire) d
taghawsa, akken kan ara tt-tennaled', ad tbeddel. Dgha d awezghi ad neg tasuqilt tasekkalt (littt'rale). Mi ara d-tessuqled',
amzun tettarud'-d ayen tettwalid', ayen tfehmed' seg wab‚ad' n yed'risen. Amgerrad yellan ger n tsuqilt n menwala akk d tsuqilt
ara yeg yiwen i yiman-is d tin yeqqnen gher tlelli. Mi ara nettaru s kra n tutlayt, amzun nbubb amesnay (conducteur) ghef
ye‚rar-nnegh, d netta ay d agh-yemmalen abrid ara aghent tira-nnegh, d acu kan, xas llant tghawsiwin yettbeddilen, ss'eh'
ur yettbeddil ara. Dgha llant snat n tghawsiwin ur nettbeddil ara si tutlayt gher tayed' : d tadyant (histoire) akk d xemsa
negh setta n wawalen di yal asebter (page) seg wedlis ... wigi d awalen yes‚an azal di ccbah'a n tutlayt ay nesseqdac deg
wed'ris. Xas ma yella tikwal ur ttazmaregh ara ad sqedcegh awalen-a deg wemkan-nsen mi ara d-ssuqulegh, swexxiregh-ten s kra
n yizirigen (lignes) d akessar, d acu kan, ala asseqdec ay ten-sseqdacegh. Anect-a d ayen iwe‚r'en ad t-id-sfehmegh, ala d
win ay yettmeslayen mlih' ama d tabaskit, ama d taspenyulit, ay izemren ad ijerr'eb aya.
(...)
Ghef wakken nettwali, kettc d uguren n tira ayen i
k-iceghben ugar n wuguren n tsertit, amek ?
Ttafxir akken ferr'h'egh mi ara iligh sdaxel n uh'anu-yinu (atelier)
wala mi ara iligh di berr'a. Nnig waya, tagnit tasertit di Tmurt n Yibaskiyen d tagnit yerwin s wat'as yernu tesqelliq. Ulac
akk d acu ay d-trennu di tmusni n wab‚ad'. Dgha mmugregh-d kra n wuguren asmi ay d-nnigh d akken nekk aql-i mgal n rr'ay-agi
ame‚waju. Lemmer ad d-nawi yiwen n Walmani d yiwen n Wefr'ensis d yiwen n Ubaski u ad asen-nini ad agh-d-arun adlis ghef tayri,
Almani yezmer ad agh-d-yaru yiwen n wedlis n xemsa yeh'ricen umi ara isemmi "Deg wayen yerzan uguren tayri", ma d Afr'ensis-nni
ad d-yaru kra n wedlis d afessas u ad as-isemmi "Mazal tayri ?", ma d Abaski-nni, ad agh-d-yaru tasmed'rant (essai) umi ara
isemmi "Tayri akk d wugur n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen". Medden di tmurt-nnegh a qeddcen at'as, d acu kan, ur zaden ara di tmusni,
tiz'ri-nsen (tht'orie) d tigellilt. Dgha d tikkelt tamenzut di Tmurt n Yibaskiyen i deg ara d-tennulfu tghelnaz'rit qessh'en
akka am tin yellan ass-a.
* Gabriel Aresti : d yiwen seg yimura imeqqranen akk n tutlayt tabaskit,
ili-d di 1933. Aresti yettwassen ladgha s usefru-nni-yines ameqqran, "Maldan behera" (As'ubbu) ay d-yura di 1960, u deg-s
yeh'ka-d akk amezruy n wegdud abaski, seg uzarmezruy (prt'histoire) alammi d ussan-a.
Yettwaddem-d wed'ris-agi seg :
"Le Matricule des Anges" - Utt'un 13 - Ctember'-Tuber' 1995
www.lelibraire.com
Tasuqilt sghur Mohand Bouloufa.
****** ****** ******
Tadiwennit tis snat :
Sghur Lucia Iglesias Kuntz
L.I.K. Lbat'el i‚eddan ghef tutlayt
tabaskit di tallit n lbat'el n Franco d tikerkas negh d tidet ?
Bernardo Atxaga. Anect-a d tidet, xas
ma yella d tidet digh ma nenna-d d akken tabaskit tella tcewwel ula di tallit-nni n wubqel n wemgaru agharim (guerre civile)
n Spenyul*, asmi ay tella Tmurt n Yibaskiyen a tettidir deg wuguren imeqqranen n tdamsa (t'conomie). Assider n tutlayt di tallit-nni
d ayen yellan yes'‚eb at'as imi ala kan d aggagen (intellectuels) akk d wat ddin ay yellan zemren ad qedcen ghef wanect-a.
Dgha ma mmeslayegh-awen-d ghef twacult-iw, ad tzemrem ad tfehmem aya. Jeddi akk d baba-s n jeddi llan xeddmen d ibennayen
dgha maci d ah'raz n tutlayt-nnegh ay yellan d aghilif-nsen. Ma d nekk, deg ugherbaz nnid'en ay ghrigh, meh'sub kkigh-d ghef
yiwet n tallit i deg ay h'ulfagh i tmattant n tutlayt-nnegh yernu bdigh steqsayagh iman-iw ghef ssebbat ay izemren ad iyi-ddjent
ad sr'uh'egh tutlayt-iw ay d-wer'tegh sghur n lejdud-iw. Dgha lbat'el i‚eddan fell-anegh deg ugherbaz asmi nella d imect'ah'
ur yes‚i tamtilt. Lligh nekk d watmaten-iw kkaten-agh yal tikkelt i deg ara d agh-slen nettmeslay s tbaskit wagar-anegh, xas
akken d tin ay d tutlayt ay nettmeslay deg yexxamen-nnegh. Yernu nella nez'ra merr'a d akken yegdel (interdit) ad nemmeslay
tabaskit deg yimukan izuyaz (lieux publics) yernu s kra n win ara igen aya ad yettuxett'i.
Seg wasmi akka ay d-tughal tugdut gher Spenyul, tewwi
Tmurt n Yibaskiyen tafulmant-ines (autonomie) yernu ssuffghen-d isud'af (leqwanin) imaynuten ghef tutlayin, dindin kan teffegh-d
tbaskit si lbat'el aberkan gher tegnit i deg ay yettuh'ettem ghef medden ad tt-lemden deg ugherbaz. D acu tettwalid' deg wanect-a
?
Ula d taglizit tughal d tutlayt yettuh'ettment ghef yal yiwen
deg ugherbaz [di Tmurt n Yibaskiyen], dgha tettghimi-d temsalt-a d tin is'e‚ben at'as. Ass-a, aql-i nesteqsay iman-iw u bghigh
ad z'regh alamma d anda ay yettalas Uwanek (ddewla) d netta kan ara yettd'ebbiren deg uselmed n medden ? Taswi‚t-a, di tmura
merr'a n wemd'al (ddunit), d Awanek kan ay yettd'ebbiren ad'ebber ameqqran deg uselmed; aghlif (ministŤre) n usselmed yes‚a
azal meqqren di tmura merr'a, ghef waya, ur d-teqqim ara tlelli tameqqrant i wid yebghan ad yili welmad akken nnid'en. Dgha
wid yettidiren di Tmurt n Yibaskiyen yernu ur bghin ad z'ren acemma ghef yedles akk d tutlayt-nnegh ur uklalen ara akk ad
ten-nqader.
Di Tmurt n Yibaskiyen, ulac wid ay i‚eddan i tlisa
deg useqdec n tutlayt tabaskit ?
Akken ad awen-inigh tidet, ur cikkegh ara d akken yella waya.
Ur walagh ara amek ay yezmer wezgen n umelyun n yemdanen [yettmeslayen s tbaskit] ad d'urren 35 n yimelyunen n yemdanen yettmeslayen
taspenyulit, wanag ttwaligh d akken d wid ay d agh-yernan s tutlayt-nsen ayen ara yett‚eddin i tlisa. Ghef umedya (ghef lemtel),
ighmisen ispenyuliyen n yal ass werdjin ttawin-d kra n telghut (lexber) yelhan ghef tutlayt tabaskit, ula d acemma, dgha nekk
d anect-a umi qqaregh a‚eddi i tlisa.
Asdukel n tjerr'umt akk d tmawalt (lexique) n tentalyin
tibaskiyin deg yiwet kan n tutlayt ara fehhmen akk Yibaskiyen d tamsalt i ghef ara d-id'erru wat'as n umennugh. Dgha tettwalid'
d akken terra tmara ad ‚eddin Yibaskiyen ghef wanect-a akken ad d-ssidren tutlayt-nsen ?
Ulac tutlayt deg wemd'al ay izemren ad taz' gher sdat s yemgerraden-is
(difft'rences). Tutlayin merr'a s‚an tintalyin (dialectes) yemgerraden, d acu kan, yettili-d leqdic i lmend n wesdukel-nsent
akken ad tent-fehhmen wid merr'a ay tent-yettmeslayen, dgha ma ur teddukel ara tutlayt, ulamek tewwed' s aswir ‚layen i deg
ara tezmer ad tughal d tutlayt yeddren, d tutlayt n usselmed, n tussna negh d tin n usselh'u n tghawsiwin n tmurt. Ur nettazmar
ara ad naru kra ghef tsegda (architecture) s tpidgint [d axalud' n tutlayin yebnan ghef teglizit akk d wawalen n tutlayin
nnid'en], wanag ilaq ad tesqedced' taglizit tizeght (standard) i wanect-a, dgha taglizit tizeght d tin ay d-ih'ettmen iman-is
deg wat'as n tmura akken ad tili d tutlayt ara yeddjen tamusni ad tezre‚ akken igerrez, akken ara tt-fehmen wat'as n medden.
Llan wid umi ara ye‚djeb wanect-a am wakken ay llan wid umi ur ye‚djib ara, d acu kan, akken ay yella yeqqar yiwen n umeddakel-iw,
d aselmad n tesnilsit, i yinelmaden-is ay d-yekkan si Temrikt talatinit : "tzemrem ad tesseqdacem taspangict (d axalud' n
tespenyulit akk d teglizit) wagar-awen, d acu kan, ma tebgham ad trebh'em di tezrawin-nwen (t'tudes), ilaq ad tettarum s teglizit".
Tutlayin merr'a ay iteddun gher sdat ttughalent cwit', cwit' d tifessasin. Dgha ameddakel-agi-yinu yenna-yi-d d akken ulac
tutlayt ay iwe‚r'en am tin ay ttmeslayen deg wab‚ad' n tudrin ibe‚den yernu i‚ezlen, d imi ara naf d akken di temdinin am
Chicago akk d New York, taglizit ay ttmeslayen deg-sent fessuset s wat'as ghef tin ay ttmeslayen deg wab‚ad' n tudrin ibe‚den
di tmurt n Legliz.
Kettc d amdan yessnen mlih' ama d tabaskit, ama
d taspenyulit, maca aygher d tabaskit ay d tutlayt tamenzut i yes tettarud' ?
Nekk ughegh tanumi ttxemmimegh s tbaskit, dgha yis-s ay bennugh
timucuha-w akk d yisefra-w. D nettat ay d tutlayt n tbad'nit-iw (initmitt') yernu yis-s ay ttarugh tinqid'in ama di Stockholm
ay lligh negh di Madrid. Dgha ughegh tanumi d wanect-a yernu maci d tasnakta (idt'ologie) ay d i-iddjan ad gegh aya. Llan kra
n medden ‚ezzlen iman-nsen deg yixejd'an i deg ttghimin d agguren ur d-teffghen ara. Ma d nekk, tanumi-yinu di tira teddja-yi
ad rregh tabaskit d tutlayt tamenzut i yes ara ttarugh, d acu kan ssawd'egh digh gher tmughli i deg ur a ttwaligh ara d akken
anect-a d ayen yes‚an azal, wanag zemregh ad arugh ula s tutlayin nnid'en.
D acu kan, tebghid' d kettc s timmad-ik ara d-yelhun
d tsuqilt (traduction) n yiqeddicen-ik ...
Deg wemd'al, llant tutlayin yettemcabin wagar-asent, dgha kra
deg-sent d takniwin ay llant akk d tiyad', am tutlayt takatalant akk d tespenyulit. Tasuqilt nekk cubagh-tt s aneggez, dgha
win ara d-yessuqlen kra si tkatalant gher tespenyulit amzun ineggzen si tnergact (trottoir) s abrid. D acu kan, di tbaskit,
ilaq ad neg aneggez-nnegh meqqren akken ad d-neg tasuqilt, yernu ma fkigh ayen d-urigh i wab‚ad' n yemsuqlen (traducteurs)
amzun d aqemmer ay qemmregh s leqdic-iw, ur z'righ ara d acu ara d-yefk wanect-a. S umata, di r'eb‚a-yid-negh ay d as-nettenkar
i tsuqilt n yiqeddicen-iw, dgha mi ara bghugh ad d-ssuqlegh leqdic-iw, imeddukal-iw ay d i-iqerben mlih' tt‚awanen-iyi, xeddmen-iyi-d
tasuqilt tamenzut, d tin i seg ay d-tekksegh tasuqilt taneggarut ara d-ssuffghegh gher ssuq. Dgha yew‚er' ad d-nessefhem d
acu-t umaru yettarun s snat n tutlayin yernu a tth'ulfugh d akken simmal ara yettew‚ar' fell-i ad d-ssuqlegh id'risen-iw.
Simmal ssuqulegh-d deg yiqeddicen-iw, simmal tth'ulfugh d akken tisuqilin-yinu be‚‚den ghef wed'ris-nni anes'li ay urigh s
tutlayt tabaskit.
I mi ara d-tessuqled' idlisen-ik gher tutlayin
nnid'en, d tasuqilt-nni n tespenyulit i tesseqdaced' d llsas, maci d ad'ris-nni anes'li yuran s tutlayt tabaskit. Ur teskaddbed'
ara iman-ik deg wanect-a ?
Ala imi nekk s‚igh takti-yinu ghef tutlayt, d takti i yes ttidiregh
yal ass, d tin i deg ttwaligh d akken ula d taspenyulit tes‚a ghur-i amkan n tutlayt tayemmat. Deg webrid ay d-wwigh di tudert-iw,
llant snat n tutlayin tiyemmatin ttidirent ta tama n ta yernu ttwaligh d akken s‚igh zzher' nekkini ay yessnen ad mmeslayegh
yis-sen mlih' di snat yid-sent.
Tettwalid' iman-ik d aghelnaz'ri (nationaliste) ?
Spenyul ur tt-ugigh ara. Si tama n tsertit, ur ddigh akk d wid
yettnadin azarug (indt'pendance) yernu Spenyul ur tt-ttwaligh d tuddsa (organisation) n d iri, wala d tamurt n d iri, wanag
nezmer ad nidir deg-s u ad d-nini d acu ixuss'en deg-s.
*********************
* Amgaru agharim n Spenyul : d amgaru
i deg nnughen wid yebghan ad rren Spenyul d tigduda d wid yebghan ad teqqim tgeldit si 1936 gher 1939. Sakin, seg useggas-nni
d asawen, d Franco ay yernan wid yebghan tigduda u d netta ay yughalen d aqerru n leh'kem di Spenyul. Di 1947, Franco yerra-d
tageldit (monarchie) gher Spenyul, d acu kan, ula d yiwen ur yettalas ad yili d agellid ala kan ma yughal Franco ur yezmir
ara ad yeh'kem negh ye‚zem ad yeddj lehkem i ugellid. Di tallit-nni akk n leh'kem-is, Spenyul tughal d tamurt i deg ttwagedlen
(interdit) yikabaren isertiyen akk d tdukliwin, yernu ala kan d taspenyulit ay d tutlayt yes‚an az'ayer (statut) di tmurt-a.
Imawlan n tutlayin nnid'en akk n Spenyul (tabaskit, takatalant, tagalisit, atg.) llan ttnaghen akken zemren akken ad s‚un
izerfan-nsen idelsanen. Dgha yiwet si tmiwa ay yent'erren at'as akk si lbat'el n Franco d tama n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen i deg
ay d-tennulfa terba‚t timselleh't n ETA, ay yebdan imenghi i lmend n uzarug (indt'pendance) n Yibaskiyen. Franco yemmut di
1975, u temmut yid-s tallit-nni n lbat'el ameqqran. Seg wass-n d asawen, tennefsusi ccedda i deg llant ttidirent tutlayin
timeddursa (minoritaires) di Spenyul, u ttunefken-asent akk yiz'uyar (statuts) di tmiwa i deg ay tent-ttmeslayen.
Sghur Lucia Iglesias Kuntz
Tasuqilt n Omar MOUFFOK
****** ****** ******
I tmerniwt n yisallen, rzut ghef wassaghen-agi :
http://www.unesco.org
Amd'iq amens'ab n Tuddsa n Yeghlanen Yedduklen i uselmed d tussna,
din tzemrem ad d-tafem at'as n yisallen ghef tutlayin timeddursa am tbaskit negh tamazight.
http://www.mondeberbere.com/tabrat/trabat2.htm
Deg usebter-agi tzemrem ad tafem utt'un 2 n Tebrat n Yimedyazen,
i deg d-nemmeslay yagi ghef wegdud abaski akk d wuguren ay d-yettmagar ussider n yedles ghur-sen.
http://www.mondeberbere.com/tabrat/index.htm
Deg usebter-agi tzemrem ad d-tafem utt'unen merr'a n Tebrat n
Yimedyazen, seg umenzu alamma d wis 11.
*********************
*********************
Anwa ay d Bernardo Atxaga ?
Isem-is n tidet Joseba Irazu, yernu ilul-d di 1951 di temdint
n Asteasu, di temnad't n Guipuzcoa, di Tmurt n Yibaskiyen n wenz'ul (sud), di Spenyul. Atxaga ay yeghran tussniwin tudmisin
(sciences t'conomiques) di tesdawit, yeqdec azal n h'dac wagguren di tbanka (banque) di temdint n San Sebastian. Sakin, yughal
gher tesdawit akken ad igher tasnagayt (philosophie) u seg yimir-n ay yekcem s amd'al n tira akken ad yughal d yiwen seg yimura
imeqqranen n tutlayt tabaskit akk d tespenyulit.
Adlis amezwaru ay d-yessuffegh d ammud (recueil) n yisefra umi
isemma Ziutateak (timdinin), yura-t di 1976, yernu sin n yiseggasen sakin, yerna yessuffegh-d ammud nnid'en n yisefra, Etiopia,
d win i yes ay ibeddel si lqa‚a tamedyazt (pot'sie) tabaskit u yerbeh'-d fell-as arraz n wezghan (prix de la critique) aspenyuli.
Ikemmel dgha seg yimir-n yettaru, u di ‚ecrin n yiseggasen-nni ay d-id'efren, yessuffegh-d ugar n ‚ecrin n yedlisen n tsekla
i yigerdan akk d yelmez'yen, am wakken ay yura imsuyas (sct'narios) i wat'as n tesgilin (t'missions) n rr'adyu akk d tceqfatin
n umezgun (tht'‚tre). Atxaga yes‚a digh assagh idjehden akk d uz'awan (musique) abaski imi ay yura ach'al n tezlatin s tutlayt-is.
D acu kan, tamelt-yines (ct'lt'britt') tameqqrant deg wemd'al
n tsekla yekseb-itt-id s wungalen-is i yes ay yughal yettwassen akk deg wemd'al ladgha imi ay ten-id-ssuqlen gher wat'as n
tutlayin. Ungal amenzu ay yura, "Bi anai" (Sin watmaten) yerbeh'-d yis-s Atxaga arraz n wezghan i tikkelt tis snat di 1985.
R'eb‚a n yiseggasen sakin, di 1988, yessuffegh-d Atxaga ungal-is ay ifazen akk, Obabakoak (at Obaba), d win i ghef d-yerbeh'
Arraz Aghelnaw n Tsekla (Primio Nacional de Literatura) n Spenyul u yella-d d amaru abaski amenzu ara d-irebh'en arraz-agi,
am wakken ay d-yerbeh' digh fell-as arraz n wedlis abaski, Euskadi, akk d warraz n wezghan aspenyuli i tikkelt tis tlata.
Obabakoak nzan seg-s 30.000 n wudmawen (exemplaires). Si ger yedlisen nnid'en ay yettwassnen ay d-yessuffegh Atxaga, nezmer
ad d-nebder "Tamurt n Yibaskiyen akk d Yedles negh mi ara d-yaki yinisi", "Anz'ad ay d-yemghin deg yiles" akk d yiwen n wedlis
i yigerdan isem-is "Shola akk d yilfan". Si melmi kan, yerna yessuffegh-d daghen sin yedlisen s wazal-nsen, "Argaz awh'id"
akk d "Igenwan-nni". Tirawt n Bernardo Atxaga d tin i deg texled' tsekla tamaynut n wass-a akk d tsekla tamsilawt (rt'aliste)
ay d-yettmeslayen ghef tghawsiwin akken llant di tudert, ama lhant, ama d iri-tent. Deg wungalen-is, Atxaga yettban-d seg
wid yekkaten ghef ugama (nature) yernu udmawen (personnages) d wid ay d-yeddem seg wegdud abaski ara yettqabalen lehmum n
tmetti (socit'tt') n tallit-agi-nnegh. Yugh lh'al, werdjin yenwi Atxaga d akken ad d-yawed' wass i deg ara yughal yisem-is mechur'
am wass-a, yernu kra ttxemmimen, qqaren-as d akken Bernardo Atxaga yessawed' ad as-d-yerr ttar' i tutlayt tabaskit, ay yettwah'eqren
ach'al, imi ass-a tewwed' Madrid alammi ay teste‚r'ef s yiwen n umara d Abaski.
Sghur Omar MOUFFOK
Win yeslan ad yini i wiyad'
*********************
*********************
Arut-agh-d, gret-d tamawin-nwen, neqqar l‚eslama i s kra n tebrat
ara d agh-d-yawd'en sghur-wen.
Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen
BP 129, Poste Didouche Mourad
16006, Alger, Algt'rie
E-mail : imedyazen89@yahoo.fr
Imagraden yeqqnen gher usentel n wutt'un-agi :
Tabrat n Yimedyazen : Utt'un 2 : Taburjwazit tabaskit teddja idles abaski


text:
Atan aY d-ttawḍen kra issalen si Llezzayer ameck iten. Nettaḍsa amzun nettnezzih di kra n avaraz usaran neY n teḍsa. Adavu d tselwit n tmurt n Llezzayer uvaxix d akellex si tezwara ar tagara. IYlifen d ineYlafen d akellex daYen seg umezwaru ar uneggaru. Xarttum amzun d tuqemca tufra neY d kra n wuraren nniḍen n warrac. I zehhu kan ilhan!
Ihi atan ara qqaren d akken ajiniral Tufiq iṭṭfen DRS ewwin t-id di verra. Sṭaxren t (a war d-yuYal). Neẓra ak d Ssaâid Butefliqa i t iḥucen. D netta i ittcaxen ussan agi di tselwit n Llezzayer. Tura d netta neY d amurḍus nni n gma-s yiwen uḥaruq nsen. Yiwet sekka, yir zarriâa, yerna d iverraniyen Yef tmurt rran d alelluc gar ifassen nsen imi i sin d Imerrukiyen.
Akka ihi iṣṣub Tufiq yuli Tartag. Yiwen nsen. Dacu kan yiwen iveṛṛex zdat n udrum Iwejdiyen wayeḍ zdat n udrum nniḍen. Tin isseḍsayen aṭas imi d Tufiq i issalin Butefliqa d aselway d gma-s ar tama-s. Assa mlen as tawwurt am uqjun ur nesâi imawlan. Iṛebba-d azrem s iri-s. Maca akka i teḍḍeru d wid ur ttnevni ara Yef tidett. Akka daYen, assa, ara tevdu tegduda Ibutefliqen. NeY tevda aṭas ayagi maca assa tvan-ed, teffeY-d si tili ar yiṭij.
Maca tin nek iyi ihwan seg sent ak d anza d ttvut d akken DRS ulac deg-s ak. Ived ur isâi iẓuran akken turiY yagi dagi. D awal kan i d ccan ines wanag amek ara issiweḍ win ittweṣṣin deg uselway ad yekk nnig sen. Limer d kra n imeẓla n wumel dYa n tidett ilaq atan ukin yid-s send ak ad isfedwec akin neY akka. Maca DRS issen asent ak i tid umahil ines n temlilt ines di txazaviyin.
Ihi kfan wussan n Tufiq, vdan wid n Tartag. Illa kra ara vedlen fell aneY neY Yef Izzayriyen aâraven? Iqiḥ. Ma d tiyita icca Tufiq, yuḥtam itt neY ur tt yuḥtam, tevda aṭas ayagi imi netta d wid n udrum ines (am ujiniral Ḥasen ittwaḥevsen ussan agi izrin) ur mtawan ara d Butefliqa d udrum ines ula d netta Yef tuYalin irevraven inYan, yumsen seg idamen, ar tmetti d tsartit. Maca Butefliqa ivYa tt nezzeh dYa issarwet ak akken izmer akken ad yaweḍ ar levYi-s u ad d-iḥyu akavar at iccumar, FIS, ad ived Yef iḍaren is tikkelt nniḍen, ad ikker. Udem amaynut ukavar agi d win is ifka Madani Mezreg ussan agi s yisem amaynut. Wisen amek i teḍra gar asen maca Ssaâid Butefliqa d tmuYli-s d tin n imeddukal-is tâedda, terveḥ. Aḥlil! Aḥlil! Xarttum ssarwan aY taḍsa.


text:
Tidukliwin yekkaten ɣef tutlayt n tmaziɣt heggan-d ahil d amarkanti ɣef ayen yerzan aselmed n tmaziɣt deg iɣerbazen. Imeɣnasen n tmaziɣt deg Tigzirin Tikanariyin gezment di rray akken ad slemden tulayt n Masinisa deg uɣerbaz amezwaru alarmi d tusanwit.
c.w.
Tutlayt n tmaziɣt sɣurayen-t deg Tigzirin Tikanariyin
Tidukliwin yekkaten ɣef tutlayt n tmaziɣt heggan-d ahil d amarkanti ɣef ayen yerzan aselmed n tmaziɣt deg iɣerbazen. Imeɣnasen n tmaziɣt deg Tigzirin Tikanariyin gezment di rray akken ad slemden tulayt n Masinisa deg uɣerbaz amezwaru alarmi d tusanwit.


text:
Aselda-a d tiṛmisin tiɣelnawin ay t-yebnan s lekmal-nnes yernu teɣzef-nnes 765 n yikilumitren gar Reggan d Ḥasi Ṛṛmel. Iɛedda uselda-a ɣef Krecba yernu d netta ara yernun tazmert n ufares n teɣsert n GR5 ɣer wazal n 60 n yimelyaṛen n yimitren igasasen (m3) deg useggas s ussiweḍ n wurrig seg wenẓul-utrim n tmurt ɣer Ḥasi Ṛṛmel. Imukan ayseg ara d-yettwagem wurrig-a d agafa n Reggan, Timimun d Twat, yernu ad bdun yegran-a afares n wurrig deg wussan ay d-yetteddun.
I wesmekti, taɣsert n tussda n GR5 n Ḥasi Ṛṛmel tettwaẓẓunẓa deg Yulyu yezrin yernu d nettat ara yernun adad n wurrig ɣer 70 n yibaṛen akken ad yettwazen ɣer ugafa n tmurt.
Lebni n uselda n GR5 yettwawekkel i teṛmisin tiɣelnawin s tin n wemsefham, yernu ti d Cosider n Tsenfarin, Taṛmist Taɣelnawt n Tsenfarin (ENAC), Taṛmist Taɣelnawt n Tesmedna Taɣarimt d Lebni (GCB) d Teṛmist Taɣelnawt n Yimahilen Iputṛulanen Imeqranen (ENGTP).


text:
Imezdaɣ n Ḥizer fɣen-d taṣebḥit n wass-a, 29 di wunbir, i wakken ad d-inin ala i tefranin i d-ihegga udabu azzayri, belɛen tiwwura n waṭas n iɣarbazen anda i d-llant tefranin.
Ma yella d imezdaɣ n Aɣbalu, nitni fkan maḍi times i isendyaq n tefranin, acku kren-d mgal tifranin agi i d-ihegga udabu, imi walan ur llint d tifranin n tezdeg, yerna ẓran belli Tamurt n Iqbayliyen teṭṭef ceḥna i udabu, ɣef ayen akk yexdem deg-s n lbaṭel.
Di taddart n Tqarbuzt yekker umennuɣ ger imezdaɣ d iserdasen, aya yezmer ad yili d ugur i tefranin ur ttɛeddayent ara akken yenwa udabu.
(Taɣbalut: Siwel)


text:
Singapur
Singapur, ay yellan d tamurt tamecṭuḥt ay d-yuzgan di Asya n wenẓul agmuḍan (sud-est), d tamurt i deg ttidiren waṭas n yegduden, u ttmeslayen deg-s aṭas n tutlayin. Anabaḍ (gouvernement) n tmurt-agi yesbedd-d tasertit (politique) i yes ara yerr taglizit d tutlayt i yes tteddu tmurt, am wakken ara tttwaḥerzent tutlayin nniḍen, tid umi semman n "yegduden", akken yis-sent ara lemden yelmeẓyen idelsan d wansayen-nsen. D acu kan, tagnit deg wennar tewɛer' ugar n wakken i tt-yettmuqul unabaḍ. Yuɣ lḥal, xas anabaḍ asingapuri iqeddec ɣef wamek ara yeḥrez tutlayin n yegduden-is, maca maci merr'a tutlayin ay ssawalen di Singapur ttwaḥerzent, yernu kra seg Yisingapuriyen ttawḍen bitt alamma sr'uḥen tutlayt d yedles-nsen ɣef idra n tsertit-agi.
Yuɣ lḥal, di tmurt am Singapur, i deg ṭṭuqqten yegduden, adennit (labudd) ad tili tutlayt, xas d taberr'anit, ara fehhmen merr'a yegduden-is yernu yis-s ay tez! m er ad d-tili teywalt (communication) wagar-asen. D acu kan, si tama nniḍen, tasertit n Singapur akken ad teḥrez tutlayin n yegduden-is ur telli d tin iɛedlen ger n tutlayin merr'a n tmurt-a. Di lweqt i deg Icinwaten a xeddmen ayen umi zemren akken ula d nitni ad sɛun tutlayt-nsen teǧhed di tmurt-a (xas ma yella atni a ttsemmiḥen di tentalyin-nsen tineṣliyin), igduden nniḍen n Singapur, i sen-d-yeqqimen kan ad qeblen tasertit-agi n unabaḍ ara iteddun akken ad temḥu aṭas n tutlayin si tmurt-a. Amagrad-agi yettqeddimaɣ-d amek ay llant tutlayin di tmurt n Singapur, amek ara ixeddem unabaḍ akken ad yessemsawi lumur di tmurt i deg ṭṭuqtent tutlayin am ta, d wamek ara yekkat akken ad ilin Yisingapuriyen d wid ara yissinen tutlayin i yes ara nefɛen tamurt-nsen. D acu kan, si tama nniḍen, nezmer diɣ ad naf deg-s tagnit iṣeɛben i deg ttidirent tutlayin timecṭaḥ sdat n tutlayin "umi meqqer ccan", di tmurt-a, i deg taglizit d nettat ay d tutlayt "tagraɣlant" yekksen akk cciɛa i tiyaḍ, ma d Tacinwat d nettat diɣ ay d tutlayt n tuget deg yimezdaɣen n tmurt. Afud igerrzen
Amezruy n Singapur[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Xas ma yella amezruy n Singapur d aqdim aṭas, ayen yesɛan azal meqqren akk deg-s netta d asmi ay yewweḍ ɣur-s Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles deg waggur n Yennayer n 1819. Mi akken ay yewweḍ Raffles ɣer tegzirt-agi, yufa-n deg-s yiwet n taddart tamecṭuḥt n 150 n yimezdaɣen dɣa yuɣ tigizrt-agi ɣef yiwen n ukerwa n yilel (maître de la mer) isem-is Abdul Rahman yernu yerra-tt d ayla n Tkebbanit Tabriṭanit n Lhend Tagmuḍant (Tacerqit). Dindin kan tuɣal Singapur d asagen (port) irebḥen. Di 1826, tuɣal Singapur d aḥric si Thersin n Yekriẓen (Colonies des Détroits), am nettat am Penang d Malacca [di Malizya]. Ma di 1867, tuɣal Singapur, akk d Thersin-nni n Yekriẓen d Tahrest seg Uqacuc Abriṭani.
Iminigen n Ccinwa, n Lhend, n Malizya akk d tegzirin n Indunisya llan-d si ger n yimezwura ay d-yewwḍen ɣer Singapur, akken kan d-sbedden asagen-ines. Leḥkem abriṭani akk d tewwura yeldin ɣef tnezzawt (commerce) di Singapur d ayen ay yeǧǧan aṭas n medden ad d-inigen ɣur-s si Ccinwa. Aṭas seg Yicinwaten-nni ay d-yewwḍen ɣer din d wid yellan ttwalasen ṭṭlaba dɣa llan ssexdamen-ten di tmurt-a. Ma d iminigen Ihendiyen, bdan ttasen-d ɣer din seg wasmi ay d-yewwi Raffles kra seg-sen deg yiserdasen-is. Imi ay zemren ad xedmen di Singapur di inawaren (fonctionnaires) n unabaḍ, d imestekniyen (techniciens), d iselmaden neɣ d imzenza (commerçants), aṭas n Yihendiyen ay d-yinigen ɣer din si Penang, Lhend akk d Sri Lanka. Di 1823, tuɣal Singapur d amḍiq i ɣer d-ttawin imeḥbas, dɣa uɣalen ttusexdamen yimeḥbas ihendiyen di lebni n yizudaɣ (bɛtiments), n yiberdan akk d tqenṭyar.
Uqbel n 1860, imezdaɣen n Singapur llan ḥessben-ten s uqerru, yernu d tamsulta (police) ay d-ilehhun d wanect-a. Di 1860, yettwaxdem wuddun (recensement) amenṣab amenzu, yernu ufan-d d akken llan imir-n 80.792 n yemdanen di tmurt-a. Zik-nni, ala kan d Imaliziyen ay yellan zedɣen di Singapur, d acu kan, ur ɛeṭṭlen ara uɣalen Yicinwaten d nitni ay yeṭṭuqqten dinna.
Di 1824, llan 10.683 n yimezdaɣen di Singapur, gar-asen 60 % d Imaliziyen, 31 % d Icinwaten akk d 7 % d Ihendiyen. Ma di 1830, uɣalen Yicinwaten d nitni ay yeṭṭuqqten akk ger n yimezdaɣen n tmurt-a, yernu mazal-iten ara ass-a d nitni ay tigti (majorité). Di 1867, wwḍen Yicinwaten ɣer 65 % (55.000) seg yimezdaɣen n Singapur, yernu anect ay yellan a d-yettaweḍ d iminigen icinwaten yettnadin leqdic yella yettbeddil seg useggas ɣer wayeḍ. ɣef umedya, di 1880, wwḍen-d 50.000 n yiminigen si Ccinwa, di lweqt i deg di 1912, wwḍen-d 250.000. Ihokkienen (Hokkien), Iteochewen (Teochew), Ikanṭuniyen akk d Yihakkaten si trebbaɛ timeqqranin akk ay yellan ttawḍent-d si Ccinwa. Seg wasmi ay d-yebda yinig ɣer Singapur, d Ihokkienen akk d Yiteochewen ay yeṭṭfen tanezzawt (commerce), ma d Ikanṭuniyen qeddcen s umata di tfellaḥt, maca kra deg-sen qeddcen diɣ di yineḍ (artisanat), bennun ixxamen n wesɣar, ttxiḍin neɣ qeddcen d iḥeddaden.
Tamharsa* Tabriṭanit[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
(*colonialisme)
D asnulfu n yiɣerruba ay iteddun s yiraggen akk d tullya n terga n Suez di 1869 ay yeǧǧan tadamsa n Sigapur ad tennerni. Tuɣal Asya n Wenẓul agmuḍan (sud-est) d tama yettwassnen s ussuffeɣ (exportation) n kawaču akk d uhellun (étain), yernu tuɣal Singapur d yiwen seg yisugan imeqqranen akk deg wemḍal. Di 1921, bnan Yebriṭaniyen di tmurt-a yiwen n wabuḍ awlal (base navale) meqqren, d win ay ṭṭfen Yijapuniyen deg Wemgaru Amaḍlan (Guerre mondiale) wis sin asmi ay ttf'en Singapur si Fur'ar' n 1942 alamma d Ctember' n 1945.
Di 1946, tuɣal Singapur d tahrest i yiman-is di Tqacuct Tabriṭanit, asmi ay ttwakksent Thersin n Yekriẓen. Di 1959, tettunefk-as tfulmant (autonomie) i Singapur xas ma yella Briṭanya tella mazal-itt d nettat ay d-yelhan d laman akk d lumur' n berr'a n tmurt-a. Ma di 1963, tekcem Singapur ɣer Tfidir'alit n Malizya, am nettat am tmiwa n Malaya, Sabah d Sarawak. D acu kan, di ɣect n 1965, temsebḍa-d Singapur ɣef Malizya yernu tuɣal d tigduda timziregt (indépendante) i yiman-is. Xas ma yella ass n uzarug n Singapur d ass n 9 ɣect 1965, kemmlen yiserdasen Ibriṭaniyen ttilin dinna alammi d taggara n 1971.


text:
Tamurt n Ibaskiyen
Tamurt Ibaskiyen tuzga-d ger snat n tmura: Fransa akk d Spenyul (Spanya)
Imezdaɣ-is isem-nnsen Ibaskiyen. Tamaneɣt-is Bilbao
Amezruy n tmurt n Ibaskiyen yella-d di tlisa n snat n temnaḍin [1]:
- Tamurt n Ibaskiyen ugafa
- Tamurt n Ibaskiyen n wenẓul
Agbur
DI TMURT N YIBASKIYEN N UGAFA[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Anadi di tserkam n tmetti n leqrun wis 16, wis 17 d wis 18 yesskanay-d d akken tiserkam iḥekmen Tamurt n Yibaskiyen di tallit-nni llant tekksent-d rrbeḥ-nsent seg yiqeddicen ay llant xeddment i lmend n Ugellid n Fransa akk d Navarre n Wadda, dɣa ɣef wanect-a, kra n Yibirjwaziyen ibaskiyen llan ttṣaḥen-asen-d yimukan ɛlayen di leḥkem, yettxelliṣ-iten ugellid, seɛɛun tifesniwin deg yigen yernu tekksen-asen i wiyaḍ ixfawen-nsen ihaggaren (noblesse) akk d yimukan-nsen n leḥkem. Sponde, Bela, Belsance, Gramont, Etchauz akk d Meharin llan seg wid yeṭṭfen leḥkem u tuli yis-sen ddunit imi ay sennden ɣer tgeldit tafrensist akk d yimasiwen ay iqerben s agellid. Wwḍen alammi ay ten-tecrek nnesba yid-sen yernu sduklen ssɛaya-nsen akk d tin n wigi. D acu kan, anect-agi diɣ yessaweḍ-iten ad ssersen imal n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen ger n yifassen n Fransa, ur reglen- as abrid i uzureg (indépendance) n tmurt-nsen. Tawaddfa-yagi yessbanay-aɣ-tt-id mliḥ umezruy di tallit n Wemgaru n Tesreḍt [asmi ay nnuɣen Yikaṭuliyen d Yeprrutistanen di Fransa si 1562 ɣer 1598]. Imir-n, aṭas n yimasiwen ibaskiyen (am Luxe, Espelette, Garou, Etchauz akk d Domezain) ay d-ibedden i lmend n Ugellid n Fransa, akken ad t-ḥudden, dɣa rran timura-nsen s ddaw n leḥkem n tgeldit, ladɣa di tallit n Charles IX. Yernu nnernan wassaɣen n lemɛawna ugar di tallit n Henri IV (Henri III n Navarre), ay d-yeskecmen aṭas n yimasiwen Ibaskiyen ɣer leqṣer-ines u gar-asen nezmer ad d-nader Armendaritz, Laxague akk d Haramboure. Tawaddfa-yagi n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen ɣer Fransa yesseɛjel-itt-id rrbeḥ n tgeldit mgal n Usemmeskel [abeddel n tesreḍt takaṭulit] akk d wesbeddi n tsertit n usselmes tafrensist.
- Mgal timerkanṭit
« I tɣimit n tlella, n yesladen akk d yeglamen » d awal ay llan ttɛawaden-t-id si Palais alamma d Ustaritz, Yibaskiyen inesbuɣar (imerkantiyen) yeṭṭfen leḥkem di leqrun wis 17 d wis 18. Kra n yenmezrayen walan anect-a d asuter n Yibaskiyen akken ad awin tilelli u ad ḥekmen i yiman-nsen tisuda tibaskiyin, d acu kan, anect-a ur iṣehḥa ara imi d wid-n akken ay yellan qqaren-d awal-agi ay yellan tekksen-d lfayda meqqren si tedbelt (administration) n Tgeldit tafrensist. Ihi, "tilelli" ay llan ssuturen-tt-id wigi yezmer kan ahat ad ilin qeṣden-d yis-s lebɣi-nsen akken ad ten-id-tuɣal tlelli-nni n zik ay d asen-tespuḥ tsertit n usselmes n Fransa, am wakken ara yili usuter-agi-nsen yesskanay-d diɣ tugdi-nsen akken ad asen-truḥ tlelli d leḥkem sya ar sdat imi di tallit-nni tella a d-tettenka r tserkemt tamaynut n yemzenza d yimawlan n wakal akk d yimesbankiyen ilibirraliyen, ay yellan ttuɣalen d inesbuɣar (imerkantiyen) s lɛejlan yernu zgan-d mgal n uqader n yisuḍaf, akken ma llan. Nezmer dɣa ad d-nefk sin n yimedyaten i deg ara d-nesban aya : Di 1784, ssutren yimawlan n wakal inesbuɣar n Navarre seg unemzaɣ n Béarnais, Polverel, ad as-yaru asektay i Ugellid n Fransa i deg ara d as-yessefhem ayɣer ay ilaq ad qqiment "tlella d yesladen" n tgeldit n Navarre, dɣa asmi yexdem aya, fkan-as yimawlan n wakal Ibaskiyen amkan gar-asen, yuɣal ula d netta yesɛa akal u yerbeḥ-d ixef n tihhugra. D acu kan, lemmer ad nwali mliḥ s agbur n wayen d-issumer, ad nẓer d akken Polverel yessider-d takti n ussuter n tfulmant (autonomie) di lweqt i deg wiyaḍ akk ttun-tt [u a ttxemmimen amek ara kemmlen ad ttidiren deg yeglamen s ddaw n leɛnaya n Fransa], yernu yewwet-d Polverel deg usektay-is mgal n "unedbal n wakalen" ay yellan yekkat mgal n twaculin tinesbuɣar timaynutin n yemzenza akk d yimesbankiyen. Yuɣ lḥal, Polverel iger-d tivri, xas maci s ledjherr, akken ad asen-d-uɣalen i Yibaskiyen yizerfan-nsen ay sen-yefka umezruy, ad asen-d-tuval tmurt n lejdud-nsen i deg ttalasen, yernu ayen ara d-yesbegnen aya netta d akken Polverel yuv abrid-is i yiman-is asmi ay d-tekker Tegrawla tafrensist.
- Tagrawla tafrensist
Atmaten n twacult n Garat n Ustaritz, ay ttwalin yenmazrayen seg wid yellan ttḥuddun "tisuda tibaskiyin", leɛben ddurr d ameqqran di lebni n Tegrawla tafrensist akk d wesbeddi n unagraw azerfan (système juridique) d tedbelt tamaynut n Fransa. D acu kan, asmi ay ttwakksen akk yeglamen imsugal deg yiḍ n 4 Ɣect 1789, ttwakksent ula d tisuda tibaskiyin, xas akken ifuk lḥif ɣef wegdud abaski, ay yeddren acḥal d leqrun s ddaw n lbaṭel n yimasiwen, ma d atmaten n twacult n Garat, rewlen s tuffra si tmurt. Tagrawla tafrensist tefka azal, di tgara, i tutlayt tafrensist ay yuɣalen d tutlayt tawḥidt i yes tteddu tegduda, i yes ttdeddu tedbelt akk d yiɣerbazen. Ibaskiyen n Ugafa (n Fransa) ay d-yuran ɣef tnettit tabaskit seg yimir-n d asawen, am Antoine d'Abbadie di "Eskualtzaleen Biltzara", ur d asen-iban ara webrid ara aɣen, wanag llan ttmalen tikwal ɣer tesnakta takarlit (carlisme), tikwal ɣer tesnakta tafrensist yerran tutlayin timedrusa n Fransa d aḥric kan seg ufulklurr n tmiwa n tmurt. D acu kan, llan-d kra n yemyura ay nezmer ad d-nini d akken d tisuraf (exceptions), am Chaho akk d Broussain.
DI TMURT N YIBASKIYEN N WENẓUL , DI SPENYUL[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Di lqern wis 18, talibirralit taspenyulit tella d nettat ay d tasnakta ay ḍefrent s umata tserkam ɛlayen n Yibaskiyen n Spenyul, wid yellan sɛan aṭas n wakal, akk d yiburjwaziyen n temdinin yebdan seɛɛun akal neɣ llan bɣan ad t-sɛun. Taɣdart (élite) n Yibaskiyen akk d tin n Yikatalanen llant d tirebbaɛ yesɛan aswir adelsan (niveau culturel) ɛlayen akk di tmetti taspenyulit, yernu llan dima d nitni ay d imezwura di tmurt ay d-ilemmden ayen d-yettnulfun d amaynut di tussna di tmura nniêen n Turruft . Aṭas deg-sen ay yellan ttaznen arraw-nsen akken ad ɣren di tesdawiyin n Fransa d Legliz neɣ di tesdawit n Bergara. D tarbaɛt-agi diɣ ay d-yesbedden Takebbanit nCaracas, d takebbanit n tnezzawt meqqren ay ṭṭfen Yibaskiyen yernu tettekka mliḥ di tenneflit n Venezuela. Tura-d tmesnalest ( anthropulug)Marianne Heiberg : «Deg wayen yerzan tinettit, at tegrawt-agi llan ttwalin iman-nsen d akken ulac wi yellan d "Ispenyuliyen" ugar-nsen di Spenyul. Llan ḥesben iman-nsen ṣubben-d seg wid-n akken umi ur xliḍen ara yidammen akk d Yimurriyen neɣ Uwdayen, wid-n akken yessuffɣen ikefrriyen* yernu rran-d taɣerma akk d Tamasiḥit ɣer tmurt. Xas ulamma aṭas deg-sen llan ttmeslayen tabaskit, d taspenyulit ay llan smenyafayen ad tt-sqedcen ama deg wexxam neɣ di berra» [2] U terna-d : «Dɣa amkan ay d as-fkan wigi i tbaskit d win kan n tutlayt n yimeksawen, d tutlayt n yimezdaɣen n tmurt ur d-neswi si tala n ṭṭbeɛ akk d tɣerma, di lweqt i deg taspenyulit tella d tutlayt n ṭṭbeɛ, n yedles, n leqraya akk d rrbeḥ n temdinin, yernu simmal yella yettali ccan n temdinin, simmal tella tettuɣal tbaskit di rrif, tettzad fell-as tḥeqranit». [*yuɣ lḥal, Ispenyuliyen yennuɣen mgal n Yinselmen di Spenyul, llan ttwalin Inselmen d Wuwdayen d ikefrriyen.] Si 1876 d asawen, beddlen wid yellan di tserkam yeṭṭfen leḥkem : anekcum n tmurt n Yibaskiyen s ulzuz (ssuq) akk d usaḍuf (lqanun) aspenyuli yewwi-d yid-s yiwet n tegrawt (tarbaɛt) tamaynut n yinesbuɣar iqeddcen di temguri (industrie) akk d tbankiwin (banques), yernu wigi wwḍen alammi ay ṭṭfen imukan ɛlayen deg udabu aspenyuli. Iburjwaziyen-agi yennerna leḥkem d timmerkantit-nsen asmi ay d-sbedden anagraw n "Conciertos Economicos" (Iburaz Udmisen), d ayen ay ten-yeddjan ad rren tiseqquma n temnaḍin ddaw n leḥkem-nsen u ad sneqsen tiwsi ɣef wayen llan xeddmen-t-id u znuzuyen-t, dɣa anect-a yegla-d s uxeṣṣar ameqqran ɣef tserkemt n yiqeddacen akk d wegdud s umata. Tamsedrast-agi tabaskit tuɣal d aḥric si tburjwazit taɣelnawt taspenyulit yernu aɣerya ad teqdec i lmend n lebni n tmurt timsihrit tatrart di Tmurt n Yibaskiyen, nettat teqdec i lebni n tmurt n Spenyul.
Timsulya[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ http://imedyazen1.tripod.com/
- ↑ Marianne Heiberg, The Making of the Basque Nation, Cambridge University Press, 2007-09-17 - 284 pages.