text:
TIMLILIT AKK D MUḤEND U YEḤYA
TIMLILIT AKK D MUḤEND U YEḤYA
AYmis Asalu Yennayer 1991 sYur Eumer ULAMARA
Tikkelt tamezwarut mi neẓra Muḥend U Yeḥya (s yisem-is Abḍella Muḥya), akken
a Y-d-yefk tadiwennit (interview), leğwab-is yegzem : « nekk s timmad-iw ulac ayen a wen iniY. »
Γas akken, nemlal di lqahwa n Eemmi Ḥmed. Yella netta akk d yemddukal-is : Eemmi Ḥmed, Muḥend akk d Meẓyan. YuY-iten lḥal ḥman deg wawal, ulac tin ğğan. DYa din i yaY-d-yenna Muḥend U Yeḥya :
« Aql-aY dagi d tarbaet, mkul yiwen d acu yenna. Ala amsefhem ur nttemsefham ara. Ihi ma tebYam arut ayen tebYam deg ujernan-nwen. »
Akken i teffeY. Ilmend tdiwennit kan n Muḥend U Yeḥya, nuYal-d s snat
tkasiḍin n unejmae-agi, di lqahwa n Eemmi Ḥmed (18 Boulevard Richard Lenoir 75011 Paris).
AMEK I YEBDA WAWAL ΓEF LEBNI DI TMURT, WISSEN !?…
Muḥend U Yeḥya, yezzi Yer Eemmi Ḥmed
… Akka dYa i yas-nniY i Muḥend. Ma yebYa ad yebnu di tmurt, ad yebnu ddaw tmurt axir. Akken ur t-iẓer yiwen ; ur yettasem yiwen. Axater ass-a imdanen lhan-d ala di tid n wiyaḍ…
Meẓyan
Ula Yur-neY akka ! Llan sin n lğiran, yiwen ibennu s-ya, yettali Yer igenni s texxamin nnig tiyaḍ, lğar-is iṭṭafar-it-id s-ya, s lḥiḍ n tlajurt, akken ad yeḥjeb lḥara-s. wissen dYa amek tefra gar-asen ass-a…
Eemmi Ḥmed
ẓer kan les ‘conneries’-nneY, ala tigi i wumi nessen !…
Acemma kan awal ibeddel.
Muḥend
Ass-a nekni nuḥwağ irgazen i tdukli. Ayen akk nebYa iban am lemri.
Eemmi Ḥmed
Mačči weḥd-ek i telliḍ a Muḥend, ilaq-ak ad temsefhameḍ d wiyaḍ. Acu ara k-yawin Yer yemYaren n taddart ad tettmerẓaḍ yid-sen ? Mačči d lḥeqq fell-ak.
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Ala a Muḥend ! ImYaren eğğ-iten di lehna . ImYaren qqar-asen : mselxir fell-awen, ssalam elikum, rrbeḥ mi tellam bxir, s-yin wwet eeddi !
Eemmi Ḥmed, ileqqem awal i Muḥend U Yeḥya
Win yellan d amYar dYa ad iruḥ Yer lḥiğ akken ad yekkes ddnub…
Muḥend, Din din Muḥend igzem-as awal
Teẓram amek sen-qqareY i yemYaren di tmurt ? Tellam dagi ur tessinem ara Rebbi, ur terrim tamuYli Yer win ixussen neY igellil, taggara truḥem Yer Mekka treğğmem ciṭan ; yerna tewwim-t-id yid-wen.
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Widen ini-yasen kan : reğmet ciṭan yellan di tmurt-nneY uqbel win n medden. D win nneY i yezwaren.
Awal itezzi Yef tlajurin, imYaren, ciṭan… wissen anda ara ssiwḍen ma tkemmel akka ?
ASALU
Acu twalam degmi akka tbeddel liḥala di tmurt n Lezzayer ?
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Ur ttwaliY acemma, neY ayen walaY nekk d ayen walan medden. Tidett kan, nekk awal nniY-awent-id di tazwara, si terbaet i d-itekk ṣṣwab. A s-nkemmel akka ma tebYam.
Tasusmi… dYa Muḥend U Yeḥya ikemmel-d awal is
Am akken nnan wiyaḍ, diri win i tt-yettcuddun, s trumit ‘il ne faut pas se prendre au sérieux’. Dacu i yaY-yerwin nekkni : nella učči-nneY d seksu, aql-aY negguma ad as-nexḍu ! Atan seksu-ya ur nerbiḥ ara fell-as ! Ilaq-aY a nwali acu tetten leğnas nniḍen, widen irebḥen am Lalman akk d Japu. Ihi ma yella Lalman itett la choucroute, nekkni a tt-nečč. Ma yella Japu itett rruẓ, ilaq nekkni a nečč rruẓ. Xater kra yellan da, deg wallaY, si teebbuṭ i d-itekk. Akka neY ala a Eemmi Ḥmed ?
ZiYen Muḥend ur yettu yara tin akken n ciṭan, yuYal-d Yer at iččumar-nni…
Muḥend
DdiY iḍelli Yer yiwet tmeYra, newwi-d tislit di Montreuil. Dinna di tmeYra dYa, mačči yerra-yaY-tt Yer lpulitik ccix-nni ! Awaah d axessar !
Nella ihi nettqessir akk d leḥbab, kul yiwen s ansa i d-yekka. Acemma kan ata yusa-d ccix ara d-yeYren lfattiḥa. Akken kan d-yekcem si tewwurt, dYa yuli-yi-d lgaz. Ačamar anect n tmedwezt, ma d cclaYem ulac ! Yerna yelsa-d kulci d amellal amzun d isYi. Nniqal kkreY-d ad ffYeY. NniY-as i Ḥamid : ‘Nekk ur qebbleY ccYel-a, ur ttYimiY dagi’. YuYal yeṭṭef-iyi, yerna d leib a sen-d-ffYeY si tmeYra. Mi d-yewweḍ lawan n lfatiḥa, yebda-d tisurtin-nni-ines. IseYzef tatabaṭaṭa, nekkni ur nefhim yiwet. Awaah d imcumen at ičumar-agi.
Mi yekfa, yesteqsa-t yiwen yenna-yas :
‘Nekk zewğeY bla ma neYra lfatiḥa, yeḥrem neY ala ?’
Ccix-nni isusem dYa yenna-yas : ‘Amek kečč akk d trumit ?’
Aqcic-nni ikemmel-d yenna-yas :
‘Ala nekk akk d tzzayrit.’
DYa eerqent-as i ccix-nni. Yezzi deg wawal ur d-iğaweb, ur isusem. Dinna kan yenteq yiwen yenna-yas :
‘A ccix, i win ara yeẓẓalen s teqbaylit, iğuz neY la yağuz ?’
Din, ineggez ccix amcum am win t-yewten s rrsas. Udem-is yuYal d aberkan, allen-is uYent, yenna-yas :
‘D leḥram, d leḥram, d lmuḥal ur tewwiḍ ara ! awal Rebbi d taerabt, leqran s taerabt, taẓalit s taerabt.’
Imiren dYa tekker. Mkul yiwen acu d-yenna, ur tfehhmeḍ awal. Welleh ar qrib yettwet ccix-nni bu ‘čamar. Lemmer deg webrid ad yečč tiYrit. Awaaah ! a Y-ssiwḍen Yer lgirra gar-aneY wigi !
TAMESLAYT… TIMESLAYIN, 1954, 1962…
Muḥend
Skud ur tefri yara temsalt-agi n tmeslayin di tmurt-nneY, ur nezmir ara a nerr iman-nneY d imdanen. Mkul lğens Yur-s lasel, nekkni d acu-yaY ? Ibaetiyen-agi bYan ad qqnen Lezzayer Yer ccerq akken a nuYal d irbiben-nnsen.
Walit kan ! Yewweḍ-aY-d lhem n Xumini Yer tmurt. NYil yekfa lweqt-nni n leḥruz, wigi rran-t-id. Di lbutt-agi ieeddan di Tizi Wezzu, Yef setta n tmeddit, welleh ar qrib i tt-yewwi Lfis ! Mačči d axessar wagi ?
Eemmi Ḥmed
Ayen d-tenniḍ akka a Muḥend, nekk walaY ur d-yusi yiwen si berra ad yebuṭi di Tizi. D at tmurt akk. Amek d wid i yuYalen d at ičumar ? Tella daYen tayeḍ : tamurt-nneY meqqret, Yezzifet, hrawet. Si Lezzayer Yer TamenYest. Maena kunwi tesimziyemt-id Yer Tizi kan !
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Ma tebYiḍ, rnu-yas alamma d Dunkerque a Eemmi Ḥmed.
Muḥend
Si 1962 Yer da, F L N yexdem tidak-is. Sḥercen wiyaḍ qqaren-asen belli mačči d inselmen, mačči d Izzayriyen n tidett, d afus n weedaw. Amek tebYiḍ deg useggas kan n tugdut ad yettwakkes waya ? Ass-a ilaq-aY a nekkes rraj yellan di tmurt-nneY. A neddukel afus deg ufus a d-neffeY si tesraft-agi deg yaY-yenṭel wafalan (F L N) amcum.
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Ma yella neqqim akka s tlufa-nneY, ur nezmir i yiwet. Di 1954 nni, lemmer neḥric, tili a nebges Yer uxeddim, a neṭṭef iqemmaḥ-nneY. Zer kan tura Japu, yiwen wass bYan ad wten Marikan. Yeḍḥa-d d Marikan i sen-ismecḥen taYebbart. Ihi seg wassen uYalen susmen, fehmen iman-nnsen. Ass-a yusa-yasen-d d asfel. Kecmen-tt di lkumirs d tiknikt, snernan tamusni di tmurt-nnsen. Aṭas ideg ifen Marikan. Ihi nekkni win yebYan taYawsa ad icemmer i yiYallen-is, ad yeṭṭef imi-s. Qqaren dYa ‘les anciens’ : “talast ma tekker fell-ak, xersum tuṭṭfa yimi.”
Muḥend
Nezmer a nexdem neY ur nezmir ara, wagi d awal kan ! Di sektember-agi d-iteddun, a tebdu leqraya s tmaziYt di Tizi, s-yin a twaliḍ ma nezmer neY ma ur nezmir. Ayen ur xeddmen wiyiḍ nekkni a t-nexdem. TawaYit tameqqrant dYa, d amek ara d-nerr kra n leqraya akk d ttrebga n tidett di tmurt-nneY. Ass-a taluft tameqqrant d tagi. Srewten s tarwa-nneY acḥal-aya ma d tarwa-nnsen fkan-tt ad tYer di tmura n berra, Fransa, Legliz d Marikan ; tura ğğan tamurt tenger…
ASALU
Iḍelli kan, mi yufan Yer yiwen lkaYeḍ yuran s tmaziYt a t-zzuYren . ass-a tbeddel : teffYen-d ijirnanen tiktabin s TmaziYt…
Muḥend
Ulac laman ! Γurwet a ken-kelxen ! Skud ur frint ara ur nessusum ara. Mačči dYa mi Y-d-fkan adipartma di Tizi, neY yeffeY-d ujernan a s-tiniḍ frant ! acḥal dYa i kelxen fell-aneY si 1980 ar ass-a. Di taddart-nneY sin i wwin Yer lḥebs Yef tmaziYt-agi…
Muḥend U Yeḥya
MmektaY-d yiwet teqsiṭ. Yiwen wass ttqessireY d yiwen wemYar, nniY-as : “Tamurt-agi-nneY, bezzaf tella deg-s lexsara !” DYa netta yenna-yi-d : “Ih ! Maâna lexsara tettili anda yella lxir !”
Ihi arrac-agi-nneY Yas wwin-ten Yer lḥebs, yella lxir, qedder Yef yiman-ik. Llah ibarek lxir yella, irgazen-nneY ur ttfukkun ara.
NELHA-D DI TYENNATIN-AGI !…
Meẓyan
Akka dYa i yas yenna Dda Musa : « Anda yella useqqi azeggaY, ruḥ a tmecḥeḍ, ma ulac yettfakka Rebbi ad aY-ifakk. » Mi t-steqsaY acu-t useqqi-ya azeggaY, dYa yenna-yi-d : « Iih ! Anda yella rrbeḥ ! D win i d aseqqi azeggaY ».
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Am akka s-yenna wagi, aql-aY newweḍ Yur-s.
Muḥend
Teẓram ! Skud mazal-aY di tyennatin-agi n leğwamae di tmurt-nneY…
Eemmi Ḥmed, ineggez-d.
Eğğ-aY di laenaya-k si temsalin-agi n Rebbi d leğwamae ! a d-nezzi a d-nezzi a d-nuYal Yer din. I melmi a neddu Yer zdat ?
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Lğamae yelha d amkan anda tettili lehna, yettili ssmaḥ… a tkecmeḍ Yer lğamae s wurfan, a d-teffYeḍ s-yin susṭa !
Muḥend ibeddel awal, seg uzebbuj Yer tulmutt
Nekk, walaY absolument ad mlilen yilemẓiyen-agi-nneY ; ama d Irsidi (R.C.D), ama d afafas (F.F.S), ad dduklen i yiwet tcemlit, akken a d-nawi lḥeqq-nneY d azuran.
Meẓyan
Ahat yibbas ad mlilen ; d ayen akk i nessaram. Ad dduklen afus deg ufus a s-ččen seksu…
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Ala ! Akka ay axir. Sin ipartiyen neY ugar, yelha. Akka win yeccḍen wayeḍ a d-yeqqim. Tura dYa a ttwaliY llant tismin. Ilaq kan ad ilint Yer sswab d usnerni, mačči Yer ucebbaḍ n tmellalin…
Muḥend
Amek lhant tismin ? Deg yexxamen attan terwi gar watmaten ! Γas akken s wawal kan. DYa i ccifan ipartiyen-agi acu ttrağun akken ad nnaYen akken ilaq neY ad frun akken ilaq ?
Muḥend U Yeḥya
NniY-ak cwiṭ n ccwal yelha. Mi temjadaleḍ akk d yiwen, s-yin akkin ruḥet swet-as lqahwa…
ASALU
Ass-a taluft tameqqrant d tagi. Ma yella d amjadel, neY d akritiki Yef tsertit, anwi abrid ara taY tmurt, ulac uYilif, d tinna dYa i d tugdut. Ayen n diri d awalen-nni : ‘wihin akka, wagi akka, wagi d axabit.’… TuYal am tin n iderma-nni n zik.
Muḥend
Akka dYa ! deg wakken d-lhan gar-asen, atan ttun axsim-nni ameqqran : Afalan-nni, at ičumar-nni, akk d la crise-nni…
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Ur ttakk ara tameẓẓuYt i tigi, xaṭer nniY-ak, s-ya Yer zdat yiwen ur tt-yettağew Yef wayeḍ.
AH ! TIKASIḌIN-NNI ?…
ASALU
I tkasiḍin-nni mazal tessuffuYeḍ-d ?
Muḥend U Yeḥya
…
Muḥend U Yeḥya yeṭṭerḍeq s taḍsa. ZiY awal-agi n tkasiḍin yesmekta-yas-d taqsiṭ nniḍen. DYa d Meẓyan i d-ineṭqen d amezwaru.
Meẓyan
Attan tewweḍ-d teqsiṭ-nni n tkasiḍin. Ilaq aY-tt-id-teḥkuḍ a Eemmi Ḥmed !
Eemmi Ḥmed
Aah ! Qbel a wen-tt-id-ḥkuY, a wen-d-zwireY amek i d-tusa.
Yenna-yi-d Muḥend iḍelli : « Tura mi ara tselleḍ i rradyu n Lezzayer ur tfehhmeḍ ara. Heddren ala s tmaziYt-nni taqurant. » DYa nniY-as i Muḥend : « a ssieqa ! Ayagi ur yelhi yara ! xater ma yella s tefransist ur fehhmeY ara, s taerabt ur fehhmeY ara, ma yella s tmaziYt ur fehhmeY ara, dYa d tawaYit ! » d tagi dYa i d sebba s yes-d-ḥkiY taqsiṭ-agi n tkasiḍin.
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Wet a Eemmi Ḥmed, ur tezzi yara i wawal !
Eemmi Ḥmed
Iruḥ yiwen si Fransa Yer tmurt. Netta yuY tanumi yesmuzgut i rradyu TamaziYt akk d rradyu Tiwizi. DYa yessen akk awalen-a ijdiden n tmaziYt. ass-mi yewweḍ s axxam-nnsen yufa-d baba-s yenna-yas :
« Azul fell-ak a baba. »
Baba-s-nni ur yefhim ara neY yefhem ayen nniḍen…
Yenna-yas : « Amek aezul ? »
Yenna-yas : Yak a mmi atmaten-ik meẓẓiyit, yerna kečč tura kan i d-texḍeḍ, tebYiḍ a teezleḍ ?
mmi-s-nni eerqent-as,
yenna-yas : « Ala ! NniY-ak azul a baba, d TamaziYt ! »
Baba-s-nni ikemmel, inna-yas : « Amek ? »
Inna-yas : « TebYiḍ a teezleḍ ad ternuḍ ad tawiḍ tamazirt ? »
Aqcic-nni yuYal yemsefham netta d baba-s. yuYal yezzi Yer yemma-s, yenna-yas : « Γurem a yemma atan wwiY-am-d kra n tesfifin ! »
TamYart-nni tefreḥ, nettat am temYarin nniḍen, tḥemmel ad tnadi di tbalizt n mmi-s.
Tenna-yas : « A lxir-iw ! Yernu ulac tisfifin dagi di tmurt ! »
TamYart-nni tnuda di tbalizt, ur tufi yara tisfifin, tenna-yas :
« A mmi ur ufiY ara tisfifin ! »
Mmi-s-nni iger afus-is Yer tbalizt, yenna-yas : « Hatentin tisfifin ! D tigi i d tisfifin ! Xemsa neY setta i yam-d-wwiY, yerna lhant ! »
yemma-s-nni thuz aqerruy-is, tenna-yas : « A mmi ! Tigi neqqar-asent tikasiḍin ! »
Muḥend, s wurfan.
Iban wi ? Ur nessin ara tameslayt-nneY, aql-aY dagi a nettaḍsa Yef tmeslayt-nneY d yiman-nneY.
Eemmi Ḥmed
Kečč a Muḥend ! Aql-ik trekkbeḍ alYem yewwi-k Yer sseḥra ?!…
Muḥend
Nekk, arraw-iw s TmaziYt kan i sen-heddreY deg wexxam. Ulac “Eelxir”, arraw-iw nekk azul kan i qqaren. Ameẓyan-nni yekcem aseggas-a Yer lakul. Ass-mi yekcem kan eerqent-as ; yufa dinna ddunit nniḍen s taerabt. Zer kan ! Ilmend i deg a s-ldin allen, netta rran-t Yer tesraft. Wanag tasarut n llufan d tameslayt n tyemmatt-is ; d tin i yes yeṭṭeḍ ayefki ara yeṭṭeḍ tamussni !…
Eemmi Ḥmed
Teẓriḍ anda i tent-nuY a Muḥend ? NuY-itent dagi ! Deg wallaY. Ilaq-aY a nexdem « la révolution mentale. »
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Acu i d-aY-ixussen ?
Eemmi Ḥmed
D rray i yaY-ixussen ! Nelha-d di tlufa gar-aneY almi nettu tid i yaY-yuYen s tidett…
Eemmi Ḥmed yezzi deg wawal, iruḥ akkin, yuYal-d akka, acemma kan, Muḥend yegzem-as awal.
Muḥend
Tella tayeḍ a wen-tt-iniY. Ussan-agi ieeddan yenna-yi-d mmi : « A baba, melmi ara YreY TamaziYt ? ». welleh ar yi-iYaḍ meskin. DYa imiren nniY-as : « Ala a mmi, am kečč am wiyaḍ, issin taerabt, tafransist ; akka kra yiseggasen ad teYreḍ TamaziYt. » Wissen ma skadbeY-as neY ala… NniY-awen d ‘les baathistes’-agi i yaY-yenYan !…
Eemmi Ḥmed
Ma tebYam a nemsefham yeshel ! Tamsalt n lislam weḥdes, tamsalt n taerabt weḥdes. Win yebYan ad yeẓẓal, ad yeẓẓal s wayen s-yehwan : s taerabt-is, neY s tmaziYt-is, neY s teglizit-is. Rebbi ifehhem akk timeslayin n widen i d-yexleq !
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Awaah ! Mi tennulem awal-agi n ddin, dYa ad teḥmum. Zret tamsalt-agi, ur tt-frin acḥal n leqrun-uya. A wi yufan, mkul wa ad yelhu kan d llaẓ-is…
TILIBIZYU-NNI N TSURTIN AKK D ‘LES CONNERIES’
ASALU
Amek twalam ad tili tilibizyu s tmaziYt… ass’ azekka ?…
Eemmi Ḥmed
Ma d tilibizyu ur fehhmeY ara, ula iwumi-tt !
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Tilibizyi, akken ad telhu, ilaq ad tili am wegraw-agi-nneY : wid ur nettemsefham ara ; mkul yiwen s anda ikerrez… akken, ad telhu. Ma yella d tilibizyu n tsurtin… yif-itt fiḥel.
Muḥend
Tella tayeḍ a Muḥend U Yeḥya ! Akken ad telhu tilibizyu n Lezzayer, ilaq ad tili di tazwara s tzzayrit, s tmeslayt n Lezzayer : taerabt akk d tmaziYt. ma laqen snat n’les chaines’, ad ilint snat ‘les chaines’. NYan-aY s les films n Maser… Welleh ar teččeḍ lkarbir ! Ass-a, wid ifehmen ur ssaYayen ara tilibizyu deg yexxamen-nnsen. Xaṭer d libizyu n tsurtin akk d tin n’les conneries’.
Tameslayt yifen akk timeslayin !…
Meẓyan
Di Bgayet, ussan-agi ieeddan, qqimen sin heddren s Teqbaylit. Acemma kan tekker gar-asen, bdan leeyaḍ, wissen dacu deg mxalafen. FkiY tameẓẓuYt : akken ḥman ttnaYen rran-tt s taerabt !…
Eemmi Ḥmed
TawaYit-nneY d tagi : alxir-nneY s taerabt, rregmat-nneY s taerabt. Yerna awal-nni d-tennam belli tamaziYt yiwet kan i yellan, nekkini ur qbileY ara. Mi ara heddren Icelḥiyen neY Imẓabiyen, nekk ur fehhmeY ara.
Muḥend
Ala ! TamaziYt yiwet kan i yellan, aẓar yiwen. Γas akken nemxalaf tanṭeqt neY kra wawalen. Tigi, nekk walaY d lakul a tent-yefrun, ass-mi ar ad Yren warrac TamaziYt…
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Γas nemxalaf timeslayin ulac Yers. At wexxam ttemsefhamen gar-asen, at ssuq ttemsefhamen gar-asen… Wid akked tettsewwiqeḍ, tewwi-d fell-ak ad tfehmeḍ tameslayt-nnsen. Di ssuq mkul yiwen ad yewwet a k-ikellex s tmeslayt-ik. Ihi, ad yewwet akken a tt-yissin. Wigi n Japu, steqsan-ten yiwen wass, nnan-asen : « Anta tameslayt yifen akk tiyiḍ ? » Nitni nnan-as : « Tameslayt yifen akk tiyiḍ d tin ukliyan (= client) ! »
Akken tamaziYt ad telhu Yur-neY, ad telhu Yer wiyaḍ, ilaq ad yili wayen ara tezzenzeḍ, akk d wayen ara taYeḍ.
TIRA N TMAZIΓT-NNI : AZELMAḌ… NEΓ AYEFFUS ?…
ASALU
Ussan-agi di tmurt teḥma Yef temsalt n tira n tmaziYt ; ma yella a naru s tlaṭinit neY s taerabt neY s tfinaY. I kunwi acu tennam ?
Muḥend, ineggez-d.
Ala ! Ur Y-ttaddin ara tixeftett !
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Atan tesneṭqeḍ-d Muḥend. Tigi ur tent-izeggel ara… Nekk zemreY a d-iniY rreḥma Rebbi tewsee. Win yebYan ad yaru, ad yaru s wayen s-yehwan. Awi-d kan ad yexdem. S tlaṭinit neY s taerabt neY s wayen nniḍen…
Meẓyan
Wigi yeqqaren « ilaq akka ». Nitni ur xdimen tigert-nneY ‘si’ xedmen ! ttawin arrac-nneY Yer lḥebs, nekk walaY d asefcel kan i yaY-sefcalen : neY gubbren ayen nniḍen, ruḥ kečč wali dacu ?…
Muḥend
Ih ! Wigi yebYan a Y-d-gen afrag, akken kan yekkes cckal nniḍen, akken kan d-ldint tewwura n leḥbus, wigi d iedawen nniḍen ara nqabel s-ya Yer zdat. Ass-a ur nqebbel ara afrag nniḍen. DYa wigi yebYan bessif ad taru TmaziYt s Taerabt, d tasraft i Y-d-ttheggin…
APARTI N EEMMI ḤMED…
ASALU
I lbuṭ-agi i d-iteddun i tejmaet n l’A P N, amek twalam ?
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Atan yebYa a d-ibedd Eemmi Ḥmed ! Ad yuYal d adipiti.
Eemmi Ḥmed
Lxuf, ma yella s tidett ğehden at ičumar-agi ! Ma d afalan yemmut. S-yin wissen amek ?
Muḥend
Akken ihi ur tt-ttawin ara wigi, ilaq di tazwara ad ibeddel lqanun n lbuṭ. Ilaq daYen argaz ad ibuṭi i yiman-is, tameṭṭut ad tebuṭi i yiman-is. Ulac lewkala !… DaYen, ilaq ipartiyen-agi ‘les démocrates’, ad dduklen afus deg ufus. Akken daYen ad frunt temsalin n ddin d lpulitik, akken ad yili lğamae weḥdes, lamiri neY lwilaya weḥdes.
Meẓyan
Ussan-agi ad yili unejmaâ ula dagi di Paris, akken ad ssalin agraw ameqqran n « les démocrates ». Akken daYen ad ssutren ad ilin “les députés” i yeYriben. Amek akken s-qqaren i wegraw-agi a Muḥend ?
Eemmi Ḥmed
Lemmer i yaY-yehwi lewqam, tili di 1962 ara nebdu lebni, ibarağen, iberdan… maena widen i yaY-iḥekmen, nutni rran-tt i tukerḍa !…
Muḥend
Nessaram aparti-agi-nneY ad yezwir deg wayen ilaqen. A d-yelhu d tid n tidett, i lfayda n tmurt, mačči di tukerḍa !…
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Atan Muḥend isekcem-d aparti-ines. Iban ! Ula d Eemmi Ḥmed yesnulfa-s aparti-ines ; xas akken weḥdes kan i yella deg-s, maena llant deg-s tlata n “les tendances” !…
Zik Lalman ttarran iman-nnsen weeren aṭas. BYan ad ḥekmen akk ddunit. Asmi ččan tiYrit di 1945-nni, lhan-d d yiman-nnsen, ass-a bxir i llan.
CCUMAJ… IBERDAN AKK SEYXEN
Meẓyan
Ussan-agi truḥ akken yiwet terbaet akken a d-walin Lwali. Nnan-as ilaq ad Y-tekkseḍ ttberna-agi ; yernu fkan-as tabratt stenyan-tt azal 2 000 n yemdanen. Yenna-yasen Lwali : « Attan tebratt ideg stenyan ugar 12 000 yemdanen. » DYa ffYen-d at ičumar-nni…
Muḥend
Aaa wi !
D tagi i d « la démocratie ! »
Eemmi Ḥmed
Skud nessutur kan acu a Y-d-fken, ur nxeddem yiwet. Nekk Yur-i, ayen ara d-yessuffYen Lezzayer seg tesraft-agi ideg nella, d axeddim.
Meẓyan
Tidett kan, mkul yiwen deg webrid-is. Tenna-yas nnesxa yiwen wass i tqereatt n ccrab : « Atan tewwiḍ-iyi akk irgazen-iw ! » DYa terra-yas-d tqereett-nni tenna-yas : « Aha kan ! asmi eyiY deg-sen a m-ten-id-rreY ! »
Muḥend
Ihi, tilufa n tmurt-nneY, mačči d ddin, mačči d leğwamee neY tissit. Tilufa-nneY d iberdan, d aman, d lxedma akk d leqraya yelhan i tarwa-nneY… atan cumaj yečča tamurt, iberdan seyxen, imeẓyanen-nneY bYan ad nnejlin Yer tmura n medden ! “Incroyable” !…
ASALU
Tenniḍ-d tura kan a Muḥend U Yehya bxir i nella. Acḥal n twaYiyin i yaY-yuYen. Seg wass-mi tebda ddunit, tamurt-nneY ddaw uzaglu i tella.
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Ala ! Di littae i nella. Ilaq a tent-naY ugar. Zer kan aYyul, ma tqerreb-it-id tyaziṭ, Yas alamma d iḍarren-is, ur yettembiwil ara. Ma iqerreb-it-d weYyul am netta, xas s lbeed, dinna ad yebdu ad yettzenqir… Nekkni ihi akka.
ILES YELHA, ILES DIRI-T …
Muḥend
D awal qerriḥen. Maena ilaq-aY a d-naf amek ara nekkes taYennant-agi gar-aneY… am wakken i s-yenna Lewnis : « Γas deg wawal d atmaten, i tegmatt melmi. »…
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Ini-yi-d dYa amek ara tḥemleḍ win i tkerheḍ ?
Muḥend
Nezmer a d-naf amek !
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Ruḥ ini-yasen i temYarin-nni d lecyax-nni yettarun leḥruz a k-d-inin amek !
Muḥend
Ayen n diri akk d iles. Ilaq yal yiwen deg-neY ad iwessi Yer wayen yelhan. A nekkes nnḥas yellan gar-aneY. Akken daYen a d-neğğ lehna i tarwa-nneY.
Eemmi Ḥmed
Seg yiles i d-yettekk ddwa, i d-iteffeY waṭan.
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Iles-agi dYa ssefran fell-as yeqdimen. Yiwen wass yiwen wergaz yenna i mmi-s : « Ruḥ aY-iyi-d ayen akk yelhan di ssuq. » Mmi-s-nni yuY-as-d iles. Ass nniḍen yenna-yas : « Ruḥ aY-d ayen akk n diri di ssuq. » Mmi-s-nni yuY-as-d iles. DYa argaz-nni yewhem, isteqsa mmi-s-nni, yenna-yas : « D acu-t wagi ? » Mmi-s-nni yenna-yas : « Iles d ayen akk yelhan d ayen akk n diri di ddunit, nekkini ihi ufiY s-yin i d-itekk wayen yelhan, i d-itekk wayen n diri. »
ILAQ, ILAQ !…
Eemmi Ḥmed
Yiwen wass neqqim akka nettqessir. Mkul yiwen d acu yenna. Acemma kan iqerreb-d Dda Lḥusin Yer tmeẓẓuYt-iw, yenna-yi-d : « Twalaḍ wigi akk iheddren ?… Wa yenna-d kan azgen n wayen yessen, ma d wagi nniḍen, acḥal-aya deg yesserwat deg wayen ur yessin. »
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Ih ! Tzemreḍ ad temsefhameḍ d yiwen, ma yella deg-s cwiṭ n lefhama. Ma yella ulac, ulac amsefham.
Eemmi Ḥmed
Arebbi dYa mačči di lakul kan ; yebda deg wexxam, deg yimawlan…
Muḥend
Ula d lecyax ilaq ad neḍren Yer wayen yelhan..
Eemmi Ḥmed
yerna mxalafen medden akken ttrebbin dderya-nnsen. Llan widen i ten-ineḍren Yer wayen yelhan, llan wiyiḍ Yer wayen n diri.
SI PERTUF ET COMPAGNIE…
ASALU
Yella kra wejdid di tira umezgun ?
Muḥend U Yeḥya, yettaḍsa kan
Ayen…
Eemmi Ḥmed, igzem-as awal
Acḥal n tid yura, ama d aṭerğem ama d tira. Llant tid yettwassnen am “Si Pertuf”, neY “Am win yettrağun Rebbi”, xas llant tiyaḍ ur ttwassnent ara.
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Nxeddem kan ayen i wumi nezmer.
Eemmi Ḥmed
Di mkul ccYel, di tfellaḥt neY ayen nniḍen, ala ayen tzereeḍ ara tmegreḍ. CfiY ass-mi yebda ixeddem theâtre dagi di Paris. Ddeqs n warrac i yuraren, lemden Yur-s. Maena am akken qqaren, lxedma-yagi « i wudem Rebbi », neY “volontaria”’ Yur-s talast. Amezgun akken ad yennerni ilaq-as wemkan-is. Di Lezzayer ass-a atan tettwalim…
Ah ! Yiwen wass yella Dda Qasi ikerrez. Akken yelha wass, atan igenni yerwi-d ; Dda Qasi mazal-as kra iḍerfan, yebYa a ten-d-isellek. Abrid yefka-d Weḥsen, d lğar-is dinna, dYa yenna-yas : “WehmeY deg-k a Dda Qasi. Aql-ik tellexseḍ akk, arkasen-ik yuli-ten waluḍ, izgaren-ik s lḥif kan i teddun. Wellah ma tella lmizirya yugaren tagi. Yak mazal ussan n Rebbi ?
Yyan ! Bru-d i tyuga, kečč ad tesseḥmuḍ deg wejdar, yerna tella cwiṭ n lqahwa. Izgaren-ik ad sgunfun.“
Lmaena n teqsiṭ-agi, ccYel mačči deg yiwen wass kan. Rnu, yif win yesmuzguten, win iheddren.
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Asmi tefra di 1962-nni, nYil yella wayen i wumi nezmer. NYil nekkes lḥif ameqqran, a nebges i ccYel. NYil daYen nezleg kan iwsawen, ziY nuY-itent ikessar iwsawen. Nettxed akken ilaq.
Eemmi Ḥmed
Ala. Di tmura yakk n ddunit, llan wid yelhan llan wid n diri. Timura-yagi ur tent-nxulef ara. Ma yella d timsalin-agi n tmeslayt, dagi di Fransa, iḍelli kan ur k-d-isaḥ ara a d-temeslayeḍ s wawal n tebrutunt. Yella dYa wawal-nni “intirdi” tisusaf yakk d umeslay s tebruṭunt, i hakka ! Ma d tura, tabruṭunt-a atan a tt-sYarayen. Ihi, tilufa ferrunt, ma mačči ass-a, azekka. Tameslayt, d arraw-is i d ifadden-is.
SliY-as i yiwen akken yeqqar : « Ilaq a nexdem am warraw n Musa » ; ihi arraw-agi n Musa akkagi, ma yella di Marikan ad yuYal d amarikani, ma yella di Legliz, ad yuYal d aglizi ; maena netta ul-is dayem yekkat Yer tmurt-is, Yer lejdud-is, tameslayt-is akk d ddin-is. S waya i dduklen, begsen, Yas akken…
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Awal-agi-inek yesmekta-yi-d yiwet teqsiṭ. Tella yiwet taddart, imezdaY-is akk ḥercen. Deg wakken ttwassnen aṭas, ttasen-d Yur-sen si yal tamurt ad awin rray yelhan. Tikwal dYa teffYen Yef tuddar ferrun tilufa gar medden. Deg wakken ğğan taddart-nnsen, tamurt-nnsen tuYal tbuṛ. Ulac win ara ikerzen, ulac win ara d-yerren tiqit. Mi walan akken tawaYit yewten taddart-nnsen nutni, yiwen wass nejmaeen, nnan-as : « Tazzla-yagi Yef tmura ur nerbiḥ ara fell-as, a nerr iman-nneY d iYyal akken ur d-yettas yiwen Yur-neY i ferru n tlufa-nnsen. DYa xedmen akken. Dinna bnan lğamee bla ṭṭaq, ḍessen fell-asen at tuddar nniḍen. Yiwen wass daYen sendan ticekkarin akken ad jemeen iṭij i ccetwa…
Akken slan akk at tuddar nniḍen s wayen xeddmen wiyi, dYa uYalen ttasen-d ad ferrğen, ttserrifen dinna di taddart-nni. DYa at taddart-nni, qqimen di taddart-nnsen, rebḥen, srebḥen taddart-nnsen…
D ABRID ΓER BEΓDAD
ASALU
Acu twalam akka di temsalt-a n Leiraq. Sadam Ḥusin yeYleḍ neY ala ? (> anekcum n tmurt n Kwait)
Eemmi Ḥmed
Tinna ? Am win yetturaren tiddas. BYan ad yaYlay lpitrul, atan ufan-as-d amek. Ma ddaw tmurt ayen yellan gar tmura yiwen ur t-yeẓri. Nekk Yur-i ayen akk d-qqaren ijirnanen d timucuha !
Muḥend
Ala a Eemmi Ḥmed ! Tamurt ikecmen tamurt nniḍen terẓa lqanun, mačči d timucuha. Wagi d lbaṭel aberkan. DYa win iğehden ad yečč wayeḍ ? Sebba yebYun tella, tilisa n tmurt Yur-sent leqder. Ihi nekkni nezmer a d-naf sebba i yes a nekcem Yer Tunes neY Muritanya ? NniY-awen, tilisa d tilisa…
Eemmi Ḥmed
Tiyita-nni fkan i Maser di 1967, qqaren d udayen kan. Netta d Marikan i iseggmen lecYal. DYa tirYi-nni i sen-sserYen labyuwat di ddqiqa ! Am assen, am ass-a, d lecYal n Marikan akk wigi.
Muḥend
Di temsalin-agi mxalafen lecYal. Ulac akkin neY akka. Leiraq s tlisa-s, Lekwit s tlisa-s. Lezzayer s tlisa-s. Γas tajmaet n tmura yedduklen, l’ONU, ur texdim ara ayen ilaqen di temsalin-nni yecban Falisṭin, Lubnan neY AfYanistan ass-mi yekcem Rrus, ass-a texdem ayen ilaqen. Tbeddel liḥala segmi d-sersen lehna gar-asen. Marikan d Rrus, ur ttemgabaren ara. Ihi, lbaṭel yeḍran iḍelli, ur yettsamaḥ ara win n wass-a. lqanun yiwen i yellan !
Muḥend U Yeḥya
Lqanun, lqanun… Terbeḥ !
Awal d-yeṭṭef
Aomer OULAMARA
AYmis “ASALU” Yennayer 1991
source: imyura.net


c: text/html

text:
Tisent
Tisent (Asget: Tisnin) d asafar ilan (yesɛan) s talɣa tagejdant uddis akruran umi qqaren Kluṛ n Sudium (NaCl) ig kecmen deg tegrawt meqqren n tisnin, Tisent d asafar yellan deg ugama s talɣa n igersen (cristal) yettwassen s tamment n wulli (Halite), Maca tisent tettili s waṭas deg waman n illan acku d tisent tkd asger agejdan n yimɣuzen yellan deg illan d igarawen s wazal n 35 g/l (oz 1.2) d umareɣ 3,5%, Tisent d imsefki i tudert n ifganen d iɣersiwen acku yettilin deg iẓeṭṭiwen n iɣersiwen ugar n wid n yemɣan

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


text:
ESSAI SUR LA TERMINOLOGIE ADMINISTRATIVE EN TAMAZIGHT : LES DOCUMENTS OFFICIELS
Date2015
Author
SABER, KAHINA
TOUMERT, SABRINA
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
Tutlayt s umata d allal n teywalt, tawuri-s tagejdant ad teǧǧ amdan ad yessenfali, ad yehder deg tmetti ideg yettidir. Ɣef waya ilaq fell-as ad d-yesnulfu awalen yeḥwaǧ i wakken ad tt-yessemres. Deg wayen yeɛnan tamaziɣt yesɛan asebdad n tutlayt taɣelnawt maca mačči d tunṣibt, neḥwaǧ aṭas n yimeslayen aladɣa deg wayen yeɛnan taɣulin timuzzigin. Tasniremt deg tmaziɣt tesɛa aṭas n wuguren d lexṣas, aladɣa deg wayen yeɛnan taɣult tadeblit. Tasniremt tadeblant d tazrawt n yirman yesɛan assaɣ akked taɣult n tedbelt. Maca, imi tazrawt nteɣ ad tili anagar ɣef wamud i d- negrew i yeɛnan arraten unṣiben isi nteddes titgarin tideblanin neɣ isi d-nessebgan tamagit, nessewzel tabadut n tesniremt tadeblant anagar ɣer tezrawt n yirman i yesɛan assaɣ akked warraten-agi isi yebna wamud-nteɣ mebla ma yeɛna-d akk ayen icudden ɣer tezrawt. Afran n usentel Nefren asentel-agi acku nwala belli ur uggten ara inadiyen d tezrawin yettwaxedmen ɣef tesniremt tadeblit taɣerfant s tmaziɣt, akken nebɣa daɣen ad nɣum lexṣas, ad nesseɣti tucḍiwin yellan deg-s. Nessaram aṭas ad nessumer neɣ ad d-nefk tasniremt s tmaziɣt i warraten d tetgarin tidebliyini ssemrasen yimdanen deg tudert-nsen. S tezrawt-agi nebɣa ad d-nejmeɛ tameslayt n tmaziɣt ad d-neg amud i yirman idebliyen i tesɛa, rnu ɣer waya nessaram ad nheggi annar i tutlayt-agi ma yella tuɣal sya ɣer sdat d tunṣibt. Iswi-nneɣ yissikid ɣer tririt ɣef yisteqsiyen d lebɣi n wugdud amaziɣ, imi ay-agi ad iḥaz awalen unṣiben yettwasmersen deg tetgarin tunṣibin n Tegduda Tazzayrit Tamgdayt Taɣerfant. Tamukrist: Tamukrist-nneɣ tettezzi ɣef yisteqsiyen-agi: Ma yella tella tesniremt tamaziɣt yettwaxedmen ɣef tetgarin d warraten ideblanen? D acu-ten wallalen n usileɣ deg taɣult-agi? Ma yella nezmer ad nesbuɣer umuɣen-agi s waẓaren yellan deg wadkud d uzgerkud? Turdiwin: Seg-mi nessaked aṭas n yimawalen n tmaziɣt nwala belli ulac tasniremt tadeblit, ma tella ur tuggit ara. Ɣef way-agi nufa-d aṭas n wuguren deg unadi-agi nneɣ aladɣa deg tsuqilt n tetgarin tideblanin i nesɛa deg wamud-nneɣ. Allal n usileɣ yuggten deg taɣult-agi d “asuddem” aladɣa isuddimen i d-yekkan seg umyag, d yisuddimen inismawen i d-yekkan seg yisem. Nezmer ad nesbuɣer umuɣ n tesniremt tadeblant s usuddem d usuddes n wawalen i d yekkan seg uẓar yellan yakkan deg tmaziɣt. Asenked n wamud: Seg-mi i d-negrew amud ideg tella tegrumma n tetgarin tideblanin tiɣerfanin, nebda tasuɣilt n kra n tetgarin, tid yesɛan azal meqqren deg tmetti yerna ssexdamen-tent yimdanen aṭas: * Arra n tlalit. * Arra n tissulya. * Arra n tmettant. * Tifert tanemdant. * Tifert talmessawt. * Aselkin n tnezduɣt. * Aselkin n umahil. * Aselkin n tujjya. * Takerḍa n tmekarḍit. * Takerḍa n Timant taɣelnawt. * Takerḍa n unelmad. * Takerḍa n udɣar. Takerḍa taserdasit taɣelnawt. * Agardas (tanaga n leɛḍil n urbaḥ). * Allun aɣedman. * Tanaga n ultaɣ. * Tanaga n war-altaɣ. * Tesriḥ n tenhert. *Tesriḥ n yinig. * Imsebgen n uɣrud * Tazmamt n twacult Nessudes amud-nneɣ almend n tarrayt-agi: Neddem-d tatgart yuran ama s taɛrabt neɣ s tefransist nebda tasuɣilt n yal yiwet weḥd-s, deg tsuɣilt yella wanda yal aferdis nnuda-as-d anamek-is, akken daɣen yella wanda i nefka azal i unamek n tefyirt, yerna netbeɛ talɣa n tetgarin. Deg taggara n tsuqilt nessaweḍ nessuffeɣ-d snat n telsaruyin tamezwarut d tin yuran s tefransist neɣ s teɛrabt tis snat d tin i d-nessuɣel ɣer tmaziɣt. Iswi n useddes n wammud-agi s tarrayt-agi d asishel n tɣuri n tetgarin-agi, rnu ɣer waya win ara ad ten-yeɣren ad yizmir ad d-yessufeɣ igdawalen ger tutlayt taɣbalut (tafṛansist- taɛrabt) d tutlayt tasuɣlant (tamaziɣt). Tiɣbula n wamud. I wakken ad nessiweḍ ad d-nexdem anadi-agi nneɣ, ad d-negg tazrawt i tesniremt i nessemres deg wamud, nessexdem aṭas n yimawalen n tmaziɣt d tefṛansist, nesɛa: - Amawal n Idres Abdelḥafid d Madi Rabeḥ (Dictionnaire universel bilingue), id yeffɣen deg useggas n 2003. Yesɛa agmuḍ n 70% imi aḥric meqqren deg tesniremt n wamud nufa-tt deg-s. - Amawal n tmaziɣt tatrart n Mulud Mɛemri, i d tessufeɣ tdukkla tadelsant n Bgayet deg 1990, d win yexdem Ḥabib Llah Mansuri deg 2004...............


text:
Amseddas
Amseddas' (Asget: imseddasen) d win i d-yeskarayen aẓawan s telmas-is yemgaraden. Acku d amseddas neɣ ameẓẓawan iy kettun (yettxemmimen) i yettarun aẓawan iy lan (yesean) kra n umahil anyan yettṛaǧun tilin umsuɣel i wnayna-nni ama d ameẓẓawan neɣ d allalen i ixeddmen s tmellit. Yessefk fell-as ad iseggem iferdisen n uẓawan deg ussizeɣ ilan (yesean) tasnamekt Iferdisen-nni rzan: amsasi asaddas, anya, tiqqrit d unayna n uẓawan. Tamidrant n umaska n umeẓẓawan d win yemgaraden amgired s waṭas deg talliyin n umezruy yemgaraden. Tamusni tamezwarut tuɣal ɣef tudert n yimeskaren n uẓawan ɣer tasut tis 14, Deg tallit-nni tuget n yimeskaren n uẓawan xeddmen i lmend n tmezdayt te neɣ i yimisseɣ d turna tageldant s umata weyyi xeddmen tiwuriwin nniḍen , imedyazen neɣ d imarayen Aṭas n uẓawan i yuran yimeskaren imẓawanen deg taggara n tallit talemmast d tazwara n tallit taleslalit , yezmer ad tt-xedment tuɣac neɣ allalen n uẓawan s umbaddal.


text:
Wirzan
Wirzan nɣ Wawiḍlt nɣ Awjal nɣ Akujil (s tnglizt: Lynx) iga zɣ imudar imsuṭṭaḍ imsksumn (lli icttan tifiyyi) d iga zɣ afrruy n yimucciwn.
Ar tlkkm taẓḍuyt n iwtman n uwjal gr 13 d 18 km, amma tiwtmin lli imẓẓin f iwtman ar lkkmnt 11 km. D immrwas ukujil kigan d ublinṣṛ, d ar yadlli ittuɣal mas dars kra n tzdayt mqquṛn d iblinṣṛn, macc ɣilad sslknnt tuzrawin n DNA nns mas ur tlli awd kra n tzdayt gratsn.
Ar tlkkm tiɣzi n wawiḍlt kra n 65 cm, d tɣzi n ucṭṭab nns gr 20 d 30 cm, d tattuyt nns dar iɣʷṛaḍ gr 40 cm d 45 cm.
D sg tiɣawsiwin i bahra iẓllin wawiḍlt; imzgan nns isggann iɣzzifnin s kra n yizbaln n uglim iɣzzifnin ula nttni, d zdin d yimzgan ad ma ilkkmn kra n 20 n tgardat ar as ttaws g twafit n tirmt nns, amma izbaln n uglim ar as ttawsn ula nttni g ad issn ansa n ungisn nns.
Tiɣbula[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Amgrad ad iga amud, imẓẓiy ka sul. Aws i Wikipidya s usnfl nns, tssimɣurt t.


text:
Tutlayt taqbaylit
Taqbaylit (tettwasusru-d : /ṯaqḇayliṯ/ neɣ /ṯaqvayliṯ/) d tutlayt i ttmeslayen Yiqbayliyen n tmurt n Yiqbayliyen, n Lezzayer, n Fṛansa, n Kanada akked wid n tmura-nniḍen n umaḍal.
Tutlayt taqbaylit tettekki ɣer udrum asnilsan i wumi qqaṛen zik n zik-nni Tabiṛbiṛt ; tuɣal Tamaziɣt ; tura sawalen-asent Tutlayin Timaziɣin. Tawacult tutlayant Tamaziɣt, tettekki ɣer twacult tameqqṛant Tafrasyawit.
Amezruy n wayen i yuran s teqbaylit[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Adlis amenzu i d-yeffɣen s Teqbaylit d win yura Adolphe Hanoteau ɣef tuɣac n Ǧerǧer deg useggas n 1867, deffir-is d Auguste Mouliéras yuran sin n yidlisen ɣef tmucuha n Tmurt n Yiqbayeliyen gar n yiseggasen n 1891, 1893 d 1895, akked Bulifa i yuran adlis ɣef yisefra n Si Muḥend u Mḥend deg useggas n 1904.
Imir-nni, uran Yifṛansisen kra n yidlisen ɣef tmucuha d yisefra n Yiqbayliyen. Ungal amenzu yettwarun s Teqbaylit d win yura Belɛid At Ɛli deg yiseggasen 1940.
Adlis i as-yefkan ilugan iṛessan n tjerrumt i Teqbaylit d win yura Mulud n At Mɛemmeṛ. Kamal U Zerrad netta yerna-d ɣef umahil n Dda Lmulud i wakken ad d-iṛessi ugar ilugan n tjerrumt n tutlayt-a.
Iseggasen-a ineggura ffɣen-d azal n 400 en yidlisen s Teqbaylit, gar ammuden n yisefra, tullisin akked ungalen.
Taqbaylit ass mi i d-kecmen Yifṛansisen ar tmura Timaziɣin n Tefriqt en Ugafa tella tettwameslay deg yiwet n temnaḍt meqqṛen azal n snat n tikkwal tamnaḍt n Yizwawen (Leqbayel) n wass-a.
Seg tudrin i d-yezzin i Mila, teṛṛeḍ ar tid n yidurar n Lḥuḍna, idurar n Ṣṭif, idurar n Jijel, Msila d wezray ar tmurt n Leqbayel n wass-a, At Wartilan, At Yeɛla, akked iderma n temnaḍt n Bgayet, n Tubiret akked wid n Tizi Wezzu d Bumerdas.
Imir Ifṛansisen ttekkan ɣef lquyyad akked Bacaɣat akken ad qehren ugdud. Kksen-d wakal i wid yellan zedɣen anda yella wakal yelhan i tyerza, kra snegren-t, kra snejlan-t.
Fkan wakal-nni i Lquyyad. Lquyyad-agi akked Bacaɣat d wid yeɣran taɛṛabt, ifṛansiwen llan lemden taɛrabt akken ad ttemyarun d lquyyad-a, imezdaɣ yeqqimen d aklan deg tmurt-nsen yeqqim-asen-d kan ad ḍefren almi i d-ufan iman-nsen ttun tutlayt-nsen, akken i asen-yeṛuḥ wakal-nsen, ǧǧan iman-nsen tuɣ fell-asen taɛṛabt am akken werǧin mmeslayen-d taqbaylit. Ihi akka i teqqurmeḍ tjumma anda tettwameslay teqbaylit ass-a.
I izemren ad t-iḥudden ɣef wengar d tira akked tayri d wazal ad d-as-fken warraw-is. Ma tenger teqbaylit ad d-negren iqbayliyen, ad d-qqimen imdanen war idles, ad asen-teḍru am tebrikt yettun tikli n tyaziḍt, tin n tsekkurt ur as-tewwiḍ ara. Ttbut ɣef aya, ad d-iɣer kan yiwen amek d-gran wid akken yettun tutlayt-nsen uɣen tutlayt-nniḍen anda yewweḍ wazal-nsen. Win i d-yusan ad ten-yenher am ulli.
Agemmay unṣib n tutlayt taqbaylit[4][ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Isekkilen n ugemmay swayes nettaru taqbaylit, d wid n tlatint, anagar sin-a : ɣ d e, i d-yekkan seg tegrigt. Isekkilen yettawin aɛeqqa ddaw-nsen, nettaru yes-sen imesla ufayen, anagar ḥ. Isekkilen yettawin akafu nnig-nsen, nettaru yes-sen izegnaggaɣen imezgiyen n c d j. Isekkilen [o], [p], [v], nettaru yes-sen imesla yezgan deg wawalen imnekcamen n umalu, imesla ur nelli deg unagraw asnislan n teqbaylit. Asekkil u, azal-is d win n tuget n tutlayin n umalu (ou deg tefransist).
Agemmay atrar n tutlayt taqbaylit yesɛa 35 d asekkil :
Ɣ ɣ
Ilugan n tira n tutlayt taqbaylit [5][ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Alug amezwaru :[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Yal imesli(ṣṣut) nettaru-t s yiwen n usekkil, d aḥerfi neɣ d ussid ; anda yebɣu yili deg wawal, talɣa-s yiwet : – Ama deg tazwara n wawal : yezwar, zwir. – Ama deg tlemmast-is : tayri, Lezzayer. – Ama ɣer taggara n wawal : aggay, argaz.
Alug wis sin :[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Imesli ussid yettwaray s usiknew n usekkil : tameṭṭut, tameddurt, tazemmurt, yeṛṛeẓ, izegger, ddu , kker, atg.
Llant snat n taggayin n tussda : tin n tnumi d tin n tjerrumt :
Tussda n tnumi : Tussda deg wawal, nettaru-tt akken i nuɣ tanumi nsell-as. Maca tanumi-a temxallaf seg tama ɣer tayeḍ, seg taddart ɣer tayeḍ, tikwal seg umdan ɣer wayeḍ. Tifrat n wugur-a : d asegzawal ara aɣ-d-yemlen anda tella, d wanda ur telli tussda. Tussda-a, tella deg :
- Ismawen : tilelli, uzzal, uffal, ddeqs, atg. Deg yismawen i d-yekkan seg taerabt, wid ibeddun s yisekkilen n yiṭij, deg tmaziɣt, asekkil amezwaru yezga d ussid : ssif, ṭṭbel, zzit, ṭṭir, ṭṭbib, nnif, rrif, nnefs, atg.
- Imyagen (ilan(isɛan) yiwet n tergalt – war tiɣri) : ekk, err, eǧǧ, atg. – d teɣri : zzi, ddu, ssu, atg. + ilan(isɛan) snat (neɣ ugar) n tergalin – war tiɣri : cceḍ, ccef, ddem, dder, ffer, kker, kkes, degger, qqeṛs, ṭṭerḍeq, atg. – d yiwet n teɣri : ggal, seqqi, azzel, mlelli, atg. – d snat n teɣra : dduri, issin, gguni, atg.
Tussda n tjerrumt : (atan deg tira)
Tansiwin Web[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Umuɣ n yidlisen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Si Amar ou Saïd Boulifa, Recueil de poésies kabyles. Texte zouaoua traduit, annoté et précédé d'une étude sur la femme kabyle et d'une notice sur le chant kabyle (airs de musique), Alger, 1904, 555 is. (taẓrigt tis 2 Alger-Paris, 1990, ISBN 2-906659-00-04)
- Adolphe Hanoteau, Poésies Populaires de la Kabylie du Jurjura, Paris, Imp. impériale, 1867 (aḍris es pdf)
- Auguste Mouliéras, Les Fourberies de Si Djeh'a, Wehran, Perrier, 1891
- Auguste Mouliéras, Légendes et contes merveilleux de la Grande Kabylie, Paris 1893-1895 (aḍris es pdf)
Tiwelhiwin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ Taqbaylit at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)
- ↑ "Nouria Benghabrit : l'enseignement de Tamazight sera élargi à 10 autres wilayas et bénéficiera de 300 nouveaux postes budgétaires". Rafio Algérienne.
la graphie Tifinagh pour le Targui, Latine pour la Kabylie et Arabe pour le M’Zab et les Aurès
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Kabyle". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Kamel Bouamara, Brahim Hamek, M.A Mahrouche, Z. Meksem, A. Rabehi, Mustapha Tidjet (2009), Ilugan n tira n tmaziɣt - Manuel de notation de tamazight, pp.17-18, Ed. iman-nneɣ. (ISBN : 9947-819- 07-8)
- ↑ Kamel Bouamara, Brahim Hamek, M.A Mahrouche, Z. Meksem, A. Rabehi, Mustapha Tidjet (2009), Ilugan n tira n tmaziɣt - Manuel de notation de tamazight, pp.19 Ed. iman-nneɣ. (ISBN : 9947-819- 07-8)


text:
Yezh kemmesk
Ur yezh kemmesk a zo ur yezh savet diwar darempredoù stank etre div yezh (hag a-wechoù muioc'h) ha pa vez uhel live an divyezhegezh etre ar gomzerion.
N'eo ket kevatal ur yezh kemmesk d'ur yezh pidgin rak an dud a ra gant ur yezh kemmesk a zo barrek-tre war ar yezhoù orin, komzerion a-vihanig alies a-walc'h zoken, keit ha ma teu ur pidhin war wel m'emañ unan eus an daou du divarrek-tre war ar yezh all.
Disheñvel eo ivez ur yezh kemmesk diouzh ur yezh kreolek abalamour ma ne grogas ket ur yezh kemmesk evel pidgin er penn kentañ.
Orin ur yezh kemmesk a zo ar c'hemm-digemm yezhoù dibaouez a c'heller kavout gant tud barrek-tre war div yezh en ur gumuniniezh divyezhek, da skouer anv ar spanglish a ziskwel e z eo ar yezh-se ur c'hemmesk etre ar spagnoleg (saozneg "Spanish") hag ar saozneg ("English"). Meur a doare saozneg ez eus a-seurt se o chench hervez a lec'h m'emañ komzet dre implijout gerioù o tont eus ar yezhoù lec'hel, da skouer:
- Europanto (saozneg evel m'emañ komzet e Unvaniezh Europa)
- Madras bashai (tamileg/saozneg)
- Taglish (tagaloeg/saozneg)
- Vinish (vietnameg/saozneg)
- Yanito (spagnoleg/saozneg komzet e Gibraltar)
E gwirionez ez eus yezhoù a diskwel bezañ yezhoù kemmesk met o sellet pishoc'h e vez gwelet ez int kentoc'h ur yezh resis levezonet gant unan all, dreist-holl o kemer gerioù diouti evel as ar franglais (galleg gant kalz a c'herioù a orin saoznek).
Skouer gwellañ ur yezh kemmesk a rank bezañ ur yezh anvet michifeg, savet diwar ar galleg hag ar c'hreeg.
Setu un nebeut yezhoù kemmesk all:


text:
Deg yij n tebrat tessekk-itt tmesmunt tameɣrabit i tseqqar n yewdan (AMDH), ayyaw n Nnaḍur, ɣer lwizara n sseḥḥet di Arbaṭ, tettetter deg-s tacḍaḍt tameqqarsut zi lwizara i dd-yessewcen s umeẓẓuɣ aḍehcur ɣer ilaɣiten n imezdaɣ n tesga n Ddriwec ḥuma ad yennurẓem seppiṭar, ad ikumasa lxedmet.
Tabrat-a i tesqad tmesmunt ass n 23 zi ɣuct 2021, nnumru-nnes: 16/2021, tenna deg-s aqa waxxa spiṭar n Ddriwec yebna, ifinar, ijehhez, waxxa ttwaɛeyynen yewdan i deg-s ɣa ixedmen, ɛad sseccan awal, ugin ad wcen tfawt tazegzawt ḥuma ad yerẓem tiwura-nnes, ad yebda lxedmet.
Manaya, ɛlaḥsab min dd-yusin di tebrat; ittejja aṭṭas n imezdaɣ n Nnaḍur d Ddriwec, ittraḥ-asen lḥeqq-nsen di trezzut x ugenfi, deg wussan-a i di dd-yebbeɛbeɛ lehlak n kuruna.
Ddḥas i yellan di spiṭar n Lḥasani di Nnaḍur, lesbab-nnes; -ɛlaḥsab tabrat n AMDH- ttasen-dd ɣer-s imehlak n covid zi Ddriwec d Nnaḍur, s manaya, ttcarent deɣya qamat, ttɣiman aṭṭas n yewdan wer ttifen bu imukan di spiṭar, kter ɛad inni i wer ɣer yelli ca, wer yelli minzi ɣa azzlen d minzi ɣa mmuttyen.
Teqqar tmesmunt tameɣrabit n tseqqar n yewdan di Nnaḍur, di tebrat-nnes; aqa arendad i weqqan n twura n spiṭar n Ddriwec, d weqqan n imeẓẓuɣen x ilaɣiten n imezdaɣ d tmesmunin, nesfekkara-kenniw s taqsuḥi d lxaṭar n mani yeggur manaya, nettetter zeg-wem amur nniḍen bac ad treẓmem deɣya spiṭar n Ddriwec, bac ad yemmeksi cwayt umeḥḥen i ittekken x imezdaɣ, ad yefses ɛawed ddḥas i yellan x spiṭar n Nnaḍur.


text:
Assaɣ ussnan
Deg tesnudert, Assaɣ ussnan neɣ Asiseɣ imisin neɣ Azzuzwel ussnan (s Teglizit: Binomial nomenclature) d isem n tarrayt tamaddudt (tunṣibt) i wsemmi d usiseɣ n telmas n imuddiren id yessers umusnaw n tesnudert Carl Von Linné,
Akken id yesskanay wawal-a, Assaɣ ussnan yesskanay d akken isem yettwaska (yettwabna) ɣef tasuddest n sin n wawalen:
- Assaɣ agejdan n tewsit
- Assaɣ asennaw n telmest ɣas akken tifawin n usiseɣ mgaraden-t seg waddad ar waddad n iden.
- Assaɣ amezwar issentay (ibeddu) s isem agejdan (isem n tewsit), s usekkil asentay meqqren ma d isem n telmest s yisekkilen meẓẓiyen, akken i ttwarun s tarrayt izelgen (imalen), Amdya imcac n wexxam ṭṭafaren tawsit n wemcic (Assaɣ ussnan: Felis) ma d talmest tamegrudt (domestica) ɣef anect-a assaɣ ussnan n wemcic ad yili (Felis domestica).


text:
Chapitre 8
Sommaire
Amdan yeḥlan si lbeṛs
1 Mi d-yuder Sidna Ɛisa seg udrar, aṭas n lɣaci i t-id-itebɛen.
2 Ataya yiwen wemdan ihelken lbeṛs* yusa-d ɣuṛ-es, iseǧǧed zdat-es, yenna-yas : A Sidi, ma yella tebɣiḍ, tzemreḍ a yi-tseḥluḍ.
3 Sidna Ɛisa yessers afus-is fell-as, yenna-yas : Bɣiɣ ! Ili-k teḥliḍ ! IImiren kan iḥla wergaz-nni si lbeṛs-ines, yeṣfa weglim-is.
4 Dɣa Sidna Ɛisa yenna-yas : Ḥader aț-țeḥkuḍ ula i yiwen ɣef wayagi, meɛna ṛuḥ ɣer yiwen si lmuqedmin a k-iẓer, ad iwali belli teṣfiḍ, tefkeḍ lweɛda-nni n tezdeg s wayes i wen-d-yumeṛ nnbi Musa, iwakken ayagi a sen-yili d țbut.
Aqeddac n lḥakem aṛumani
( Lq 7. 1-10 )
5 Akken i gekcem Sidna Ɛisa ɣer temdint n Kafernaḥum, ataya yiwen umeqqran n lɛeskeṛ n Ṛuman iqeṛṛeb ed ɣuṛ-es, iḥellel-it, yenna yas :
6 A Sidi, aqeddac-iw yenṭer, atan iḍleq deg wexxam, yekref !
7 Sidna Ɛisa yenna-yas :
Ad ṛuḥeɣ a t-sseḥluɣ.
8 Ameqqran n lɛeskeṛ yerra-yas : A Sidi, ur uklaleɣ ara aț-țkecmeḍ ɣer wexxam-iw, meɛna ini-d kan yiwen n wawal, aqeddac-iw ad iḥlu.
9 Axaṭer nekk s yiman-iw akken sɛiɣ wid iḥekmen fell-i, i sɛiɣ wid yellan seddaw n lḥekma-w. Ad iniɣ i yiwen ṛuḥ ad iṛuḥ, ad iniɣ i wayeḍ aṛwaḥ a d-yas, ad iniɣ daɣen i uqeddac-iw : xdem aya, a t-ixdem.
10 Mi gesla Sidna Ɛisa imeslayen-agi itɛeǧǧeb, yenna i wid yellan dinna : A wen-iniɣ tideț, ger wat Isṛail meṛṛa ur ufiɣ ara liman am wagi.
11 A wen-iniɣ daɣen : aṭas ara d-yasen si cceṛq d lɣeṛb, ad ṭṭfen imukan ɣer tama n Ibṛahim, n Isḥaq akk-d Yeɛqub di tgelda n igenwan.
12 Meɛna aṭas seg wid i gɣilen ad weṛten tagelda* ara yețwaḍeggṛen ɣer beṛṛa, ɣer ṭṭlam anda ara ilin imeṭṭawen, nndama tameqqrant akk-d weqṛac n tuɣmas.
13 Sidna Ɛisa yenna i umeqqran-nni n lɛeskeṛ : Ṛuḥ, imi tumneḍ atan wayen i tḍelbeḍ a k-id-yaweḍ ! DDi teswiɛt-nni, yeḥla uqeddac-is.
Sidna Ɛisa yesseḥlay imuḍan
( Mq 1. 29-34 ; Lq 4. 38-41 )
14 Sidna Ɛisa iṛuḥ ɣer wexxam n Buṭrus, yufa taḍeggalt n Buṭrus deg usu tuɣ-iț tawla.
15 Innul afus-is, dɣa teffeɣ-iț tawla-nni. Imiren kan tekker-ed, tebda tqeddec-asen.
16 Mi geɣli yiṭij, wwin-d i Sidna Ɛisa aṭas n yemdanen ițwamelken. S wawal-is, issufeɣ seg-sen leǧnun yerna yesseḥla imuḍan meṛṛa.
17 Ixdem ayagi iwakken ad ițwakemmel wawal i d-yenna nnbi Iceɛya* : Yewwi leɛyub-nneɣ ,
iɛebba lehlakat-nneɣ .
Win yebɣan ad iddu d Sidna Ɛisa
18 Sidna Ɛisa mi gwala annect-nni n lɣaci yezzi-yas-d, yumeṛ i inelmaden-is ad zegren ɣer ugemmaḍ n lebḥeṛ.
19 Yiwen lɛalem n ccariɛa iqeṛṛeb ɣer Sidna Ɛisa, yenna-yas : A Sidi, anda teddiḍ ad dduɣ.
20 Sidna Ɛisa yerra-yas : Uccanen sɛan lɣiṛan, ifṛax n igenni sɛan leɛcuc, ma d Mmi-s n bunadem* ur yesɛi ara anda ara yessers aqeṛṛuy-is.
21 Yiwen seg inelmaden-is, yenna-yas : A Sidi, semmeḥ-iyi ad ṛuḥeɣ ad meḍleɣ baba.
22 Sidna Ɛisa yerra-yas : Ddu yid-i eǧǧ wid yemmuten ad meḍlen lmegtin-nsen.
Tabuciḍant
( Mq 4. 35-41 ; Lq 8. 22-25 )
23 Sidna Ɛisa yuli ɣer teflukt, ddan yid-es inelmaden-is.
24 Deg yiwet n teswiɛt, tekker-ed tbuciḍant di lebḥeṛ armi tɣumm teflukt-nni s lemwaji. Sidna Ɛisa yella iṭṭes.
25 Qeṛṛben-d ɣuṛ-es inelmaden-is, ssakin-t-id, nnan-as : A Sidi, sellek-aɣ m’ulac a nemmet !
26 Yenna-yasen : Acimi tuggadem, a wid iwumi ixuṣṣ liman ! IImiren ikker, yumeṛ i waḍu d lebḥeṛ ad rsen dɣa ters-ed talwit ț-țameqqrant.
27 Wid iḥedṛen, tɛeǧǧben qqaṛen : Anwa-t wagi ? Ula d aḍu d lebḥeṛ țțaɣen-as awal !
Taqeḍɛit n yilfan
( Mq 5. 1-20 ; Lq 8. 26-39 )
28 Mi gewweḍ Sidna Ɛisa agemmaḍ i lebḥeṛ, ɣer tmurt n at Gadaṛa, a ten-aya sin yergazen yețwazedɣen, ffɣen-d si tmeqbeṛt, mmugren-t-id. Yiwen ur izmir ad iɛeddi seg webrid-nni axaṭer weɛṛen aṭas.
29 Bdan țɛeggiḍen : D acu i tebɣiḍ ɣuṛ-nneɣ a Mmi-s n Ṛebbi ? Tusiḍ-ed iwakken a ɣ-tɛețbeḍ uqbel lweqt ?
30 Di leǧwahi-nni, tella yiwet n tqeḍɛit tameqqrant n yilfan i gkessen dinna.
31 Leǧnun-nni țḥellilen Sidna Ɛisa, qqaṛen-as : Ma tessufɣeḍ-aɣ, ceggeɛ-aɣ ɣer tqeḍɛit-ihina n yilfan.
32 Sidna Ɛisa yenna-yasen : Ṛuḥet ! FFfɣen-d si sin-nni n yemdanen, kecmen deg yilfan-nni. IImiren kan, grarben ɣer daxel n lebḥeṛ, ɣeṛqen, mmuten akk.
33 Imeksawen-nni rewlen, ṛuḥen ɣer temdint ad ḥkun ayen akk yedṛan d yergazen-nni yețwamelken.
34 Imezdaɣ akk n temdint ffɣen-d ɣer Sidna Ɛisa ; mi d-wwḍen ɣuṛ-es, ḥellelen-t ad iffeɣ si tmurt-nsen.


text:
Wp/shi/Amzaz amɣribi amuri
Amzaz amɣribi amuri (s taɛrabt: التيار المغربي الموري) iga yan umussu asertan amɣribi iswwrin g iger n tsertit, amzaz ad ila kraḍ iwtta:
- Tamɣrabit,
- Timmuzɣa,
- Lmɣrib ayzwarn iggra.
Inbdadn n Umzaz amɣribi gan iɛrrimn imɣribin iwsin ssiɛr i tmazirt d umzruy-ns seg uzmz n tgldit i Muritanya ar wassad.
Asisn
- Amzaz amɣṛabi amuri, iga yat tsntayt n tusna d umzruy t tmagit tamɣṛibit g iman n tɛurmiwin, tamazirt n Lmɣrib tga yat tmazirt ur igin zund kullu timizar yaḍnin, g umzruy ns d yilsawn ass iggudin aya ad as ican yat taṭfi i tmazirt,
- Amzaz amɣṛabiy amuriy igat yan uskkin iswurin g tama n tɣrma n tmazirt n umaɣṛib, imcinna iswuri bac ad izddy ingr tɛurmiwin s umata, mcinnai nna ira sg iskkin n usnflul g tẓuṛi d tusna.
- Ad rarin taɣṭft rarin uddur i tmaggit tamɣrabyt tgt tmaziɣt lli igan askkin isarsn izuran nns g wakal n tmazirt ad. mcinnai nna nna ixs ad nisin inafuln tgga tɣṛma tamɣrabit tamuriyt g umzruy is tga asagm n usirw n tmaggit tamaziɣt tamɣrabit.
- Amzaz islkn f usnumml "amuriy iymɣrabiyn lli mi tzdy tɣrma ns ttin tgldit n muritanya d lmɣrib, ayad n tamunt yudjad ad tg tmazirt nɣ yat g tmizar dar illa umzruy igudin g uẓawan nɣd g uswingm ula ṛcm g lrni aqbur imcinna, a imcinnana az ar ittinni tamazirt n lmɣrib is tga yat tmazirt dar illa wuddur sg tusna nɣd amzruy nst mi gan izuran nss sg tmazirta.
- Imcinna tga tzdayt illan ingr ass d tɣrma yaṭnin yat tzrayt iḥlan, ur djin illi lmɣrib ddaw awd yat tdlsa n awd yat tawwunkt
- Ayad ayd ira uwzaz amɣṛabiy g wulawn n imuriyn imɣrabiyn, ad ur akkan i awd yat tdlsa tabrraniyt adɣaṛ g tmazirt nssn.
- Awttaz n umzaz amɣrabiy amuriy f ibrdan n izrfan.
Tannayt nnsn
- Asnfl sg umzruy amɣṛibi inzɣan sg umzruy n tɣrmi sg uzmz n tyldit/tgldit tamuritaniyt ar assa,
- Ad nsksiw tanga n umzruy is iga yat tsaɣult tawssant i imɣrabiyn s yat twuri izddign
- Igm g tzrawin timassanin nskrisn kan twuri asd iruran uddur i tmaziɣt g lmaɣṛib.
- Ad nrar uddur i tutlayt tamaziɣt is tga tutlayt tansliyt i imɣrabiyn nttat d izuṛan nss.
- Arari f kul isnubcn ittugan f tmaziɣt.
- Ur nttadja awd yan ad iswuri awal n tutlayt i twuri igan tins
- Ixssa imɣrabiyn ad issin tamurkist na nnan ad idir ig ur cin uddur i tusna nssn
- Ad ur ikjjm g tmukrisin igan tin usɣan nɣd tin usrtiy ، imkinna ur iri ad ittili g tmukrisin igan tin iqbiln lli ittawin s bttu ingr ifgan.
- Ig nra ad nrar uddur i tmazirt at tili ingr tmizar yaṭnin ixssa ad nuɣul s amzruy nɣ
- Tga tutlayt tamaziɣt g tmazirt asnks axatar xss at nḥṭu.
- Tasrut n amurwakuc(lmɣrib) afad ad yar addud nns gr iydudn d tmura niḍn ntta d amzruy nns amqaran iqnn s tmagit tamɣlnt
- Ad nrzu tizi d umyawaz zi ku yan dars amyawad d umswal ibbihi
- Amzruy amuri illa d uday d aṛumiy d amimunslm ntta akk itaḍf s umzruy adɣrn
- Tga tutlayt tamziɣt igr n tuɣnsa n tbridt tangamt amuri
- Iga uḥṭṭu n tutlyt tmnḍt d yat n tbridt i tgumi n tutlyt tanawayt
- Abrid n tnbaḍt mamk ma illa ur izmar ad iffɣ f tmggit tmaziɣt
Tasgiwin n isntayn :
- Isntayn n tukdut d izrfan n ufgan askkin n umrara n wawal, ur illi udɣar iwnna iran ad ismzgal ingr ufggan.
- Iwaliwn ixwan ur illi udɣaṛ nssn g umrara n wawal,
- Asnufl n yili n wawal d tussna n tmaziɣt sg zik ula assad.
- Ad ng awal nɣ d umrara n rray yat twuri ibnnun ittawin s dat.
- Aṛzzum n tbadutin n umsawaṭ iswurin d willi iswurin g lham n tusna n tmaziɣt.
- Awzaz ar iswuri ar ittaws willi iswurin g lham d iwaliwn lli f yuwi udris.
Iwttasn
- Aws i wmzaz amɣrabi amuri ad yisin mayd izrin g umzruy nssn
- Asɣti n iwaliwn g illa uzggal f umzruy n imɣrabin
- Anmyawas ingraɣ ad nrar kullu mayd yuwin afrruɣ s tmazirt n lmɣrib
Tiɣbula
- ( shi + ar ) The Rise of Moroccan Patriotism - Yat tasna tamuriyt


text:
Arraz n Nobel di tfizikt
Arraz n Nobel di tfizikt d arraz amseggas tettak-it-id tkadimt tageldant i tussniwin n Swid i widak i d-ifkan ittekkiyen uzzanen (ifazen) s waṭas yakk deg tɣult n tfizikt. Arraz-a iga d yiwen seg 5 n warrazen i d-isnulfa Alfred Nobel deg useggas n 1895, dɣa arraz-a yebda yettunefk-d deg useggas n 1901.
Arraz n Nobel amezwaru deg tɣult n tfizikt yettunefk i umsenfizik Wilhelm Röntgen i lmend n yimeẓla islidanen i d-ifka ass mi i d-isnarem azenzar n X.
Dɣa anagar n 3 n tullas kan i yernan (irebḥen) arraz-a, tullas-a d: Marie Curie deg useggas n 1903, Maria Goeppert-Mayer deg useggas n 1963 yakk d Donna Strickland deg useggas n 2018.


text:
TAMURT – Aqlaɣ deg yiwet n talit anda ilaq a neḥḥader aṭṭas ɣef tnaṣlit nneɣ, ma nebɣa a nezger lqern agi deg nella. Walaɣ, tagara-a, ayen ulac-it zik; tiwaculin nneɣ qebblent ad nasbent wigi iwumi neqqar « aɛraben » neɣ « imsɛarben ». Tazwara, d tiwaculin ig zedɣen di tmanaɣt i d-ittawin « ajeǧǧiḍ » agi n tiɛarubt neɣ n taɛrabt n temdint. Walit kan tiwaculin ig zedɣen di berra n tmurt taqbaylit; ulac, waqila ula yiwet tfamilt ig menɛan deg lhemm, si daɛwessu n twaɣit agi nezzwaǧ akked twaculin timsɛarbin.
Ur ḥsiɣ ara, d acu i ten-ittawin akken ad sxellen ccetla taqbaylit, idammen n iqbayliyen akked d imsɛarben d temsɛrbin, iɣ-d-iqqaren, ar tura : » nekni n usa-d si Ccerq, newwi-aken-d « aqwran » (nnesxa), d wagi i ken-d-irran d imdanen, wammag tili, mazal-iken deg ifriyen am lewḥuc ». Tameslayt taɛrabt, d tin nneɣ, d tagi ig ttmeslay Sidi Ṛebbi, am akken Ṛebbi yagi d tagi kan ig fhem.
« Tutlayt agi nwen, telha kan i ccḍeḥ akked d tmucuha », iɣ-d-qqaren imsɛarben d temsɛrbin. Amek ara tesddukleḍ tawacult taqvaylit d tegmatt d widak ig kkaten akken aɣ-mḥun akken a nuɣal am nutni ? Amek ara tamnem, ara teddum d widak i ken iqqaren : « Nekni d atmaten khawa khawa », netta a ken-qqazen aẓekka s taɛrabt tneslemt akked tidyulujit ines : « taɛrabt tineslemt n usekkak » (akken is-yenna amyaru teqvaylti Waamer
Ulamara deg wedlis-ines)?
Si melmi kan ig beddel wanect-a, wammag mara tuɣaleḍ warem (20) n iseggasen ɣer deffir, ulac aqbayli ara inasben imsaɛreb. Ulac win ara iqeblen ad yefk yelli-s i waɛrab, yernu iẓra, iwala aɛrab-agi d win ig kkaten akken a ten-yessenger. Akken llan iqbayliyen d imaziɣen sumata, ẓran, walan u ɛemmden akken tarwa-nsen neɣ ccetla ara d ilalen ger taqbaylit d imsaɛreb neɣ ger uqvaylit d timsaɛrebt, tazwara:
1) Ur d-tteffɣen ara d iqbayliyen neɣ d imaziɣen.
2) Ur ttmeslayen ara tutlayt taqvaylit, maca ad mmeslayen tameslayt n waɛraben.
3) Ur d tḥuddun, ur ttḥami ara tanaslit taqbaylit ig teddun ad tenger.
4) D tarwa yagi taɛrabt-taqvaylit, d ttin ara yettnaɣen tanaslit taqbaylit.
5) D tarwa ara tḥuddun tapalastinit, ara tḥuddun l’Umma taɛraabt-tineslemt, d tin diɣen ara iddun deg ubrid n timura taɛrabin n Cam, akken itt-ibna Messali Lḥaǧ si 1948 atg,….
Bɣiɣ kan ad d-iniɣ iqbayliyen ass-a, isdderwec-iten ddin ineslem isen-d-iwwi Okba ben Nafaɛ si Saɛudi di lqern ṭam (8). Kra dinn ur tettwalin, am wina akken iddreɣlen, netta iteddu ɣer zzat, xas akken ur yettwali.
Aɛraben d imsɛarben, ɣur-sen « aqwran » deg ufus, ajenwi deg waye u teddun, tteklen ɣef iswi-nsen, imi aqbayli igen, mazal-it d win ig ttkellix ar tura waɛrab-ineslem, acku mazal aqbayli ur d-ifaqen ara, ar tura belli ittustaɛmeṛ, ddawa n uzaglu n waɛraben di tmurt-is.
Nettwali widak nneɣ, amek i ttɛammiden imawlan-nsen akken « ad sebɣen » d aɛraben. Nettwali mi d-ttasent twaculin nsen, yal anebdu ar tuddar nneɣ, amek tarwa nsen i yettidiren di Wehran, di tmanaɣt, atg,…am arrac, am tullas, akken llan, sawalen s tegnawit akked d istuddar, ilɛiwaḍ (au lieu de…) ad lemmden tutlayt nsen taqvaylit.
Anect-a akk tiwaculin tiqbayliyin agi, mačči errant-d s lexbar d akken, ma tkemmel akka lla nteddu a nenger.
Hand Berkouk


text:
TIZI WEZZU (SIWEL) — Nnig 30 n yiqvayliyen i yettwaṭfen ass-a 20 yevrir 2021 di temdint n Tizi Wezzu deg uvrid-nsen ɣer tikli, llan wid i wumi d-serḥen, wiyeḍ llan 06 yid-sen ar tura mazal ur d-ivan ara yisali fell-asen.
Imeɣnasen d yiqvayliyen rẓan lḥers i d-yellan ass-a di Tizi Wezzu. ɣas ma wten eerḍen ad ḥevsen tikli, mugren-d levɣi d yiseɣ ɣer yiqvayliyen.
Γas ma llan seg wid ijerḥen d wid yettewten ass-a, lawan mi tekker akked temsulta tamhersant, ulac lmaḍerra tameqqrant ɣur iqvayliyen. Gar imeɣnasen mazal ur d-serḥen ara:
1-Muḥand Saeid Leɣlid
2-brahim brahim
3-Lyes Uzayed
4-Ɛissa Meetqa
5- Aqcic meẓẓiy
6- Argaz Ixus deg leeqel
SIWEL 201926 AVR 21
SIWEL 201926 AVR 21


text:
Aburɣes
Aburɣes (Asget: ibureɣsen), (assaɣ usnan: Insecta) d asmil n yiɣersiwen iraɣlalen yeṭṭafaren adur n teswermin, Dɣa ibureɣsen yakk i d asesmel yellan s waṭas deg wadur n teswermin. Ɣas akken ass-a yettwassen s yisem n Ubeɛɛuc neɣ Abexxuc maca sin n wawalen-a d uzligen acku ttwakksen-d seg yirem aẓaṛan Aburɣas,
Ibureɣsen tgin-d tagrawt tuggtant deg yimuddar yakk yellan deg tegnit acku deg wesmil-a llant ugar n umelyun n telmas yettugelmen (azgen n yimuddar yellan deg tegnit) Maca azal n 30 n imelyan n twaculin zeddiɣ urad (mazal werɛad) ur ttussemlen-t, ayen id yettgin 90% n yimuddar yellan deg tegnit.
Ar tura ttwassemlen wazal n 5000 n telmas n temzerɣlin, d 2000 n tleɣmatin n yellu (tagmart n sidna Sliman), d 20,000 n telmas n yebẓaẓ, d 170,000 n telmas iferṭeṭṭa d ifaylellisen , d 170,000 d telmas n yizan d 82,000 n telmas n tzinfriwin, d 360,000 n telmas n izinzren d 110,000 n telmas n tzizwa d yerẓaẓen d igeṭfen akken daɣen yellan wazal n 2 ar 5 n yimelyan n telmas ur nettwassen.
Amezruy n yiburɣasẒreg
iburɣas d iɣersiwen imezwura i d-ibanen yakk deg tegnit, Aya send n 435 imelyan n yiseggasen, ɣef wannect-a tella-d d iɣersiwen imenza yakk yettferfiren acku zwaren-d iptiṛusuren s wazal n 204 n yimelyan n yiseggasen.
Asesmel ussnanẒreg
Tilmas n yiburɣasẒreg
Imusnawen n yiburɣas ufan-d d akken uṭṭun n yiburɣas deg yal Amil amkuẓ (1 Mill ⁴) yegda uṭṭun n yifganen yellan deg tegnit yakk acku llan-t imelyan n telmas akken daɣen id snirrimen seg 5 ar 7 n yigimen n telmas deg yal aseggas.
Acku d akken llan-t waṭas n twaculin d telmas d tfesna yemgaraden, yettili-d uglam-nsent s waṭas n tegrawin gar-asent:
IzinezrenẒreg
Izinezren ssiliɣen-d tagrawt meqqren yakk n ibureɣsen s wazal n 300.000 n telmas yemgaraden, akken i yezmer ad yili userwes-nsen yakk d yiɣersiwen inaɣlalen am yiselman d yigṭaṭ d tkelmanin d temraradin d temsuṭaṭ i gebren seg 43,000 n telmas kan. Iglamen yettwaskaden s tuget deg yizinezren d tayuga n yifraren n wafriwen imehzen seg tyuga tamenzut n wafriwen.
Seg telmas yettwassnen yakk deg tfesna n izinezren d tamyigrant yettidiren deg yakk imenẓawen (anagar Antraktika) anda i d-tessiluɣ tagrawt taxatart n tnegmarin, Tla azal meqqren deg wučči n igulafen d iwakuzen i ṭṭurrayen imɣan, dɣa anecta d ayen yeǧǧan imekrazen ad ten-tt-senkeren
Iferṭeṭṭa d ifaylellisenẒreg
D ayen yemrayen (iweɛṛen) ad tili tukza n imgaraden gar n ifaylellisen d yiferṭeṭṭa maca tukza n umgarad-a tezmer ad tili sɣur n tallit n urmud-nsent d kra n imaskanen-nsent anda azal ameqran n ifaylellisen ttbinen-tt-d deg yiṭ akken i lant timejjiwin n wefriw yerna ṭeffsent afriwen-nsenrt s talɣa taglawant ɣef izaguren-nsent. Ma d iferṭeṭṭa ttferfiren deg wass yerna lant timejjiwin yettfakkan s tuffet akken i ṭeffsen afriwen-nsen s talɣa taratakt ɣef yizaguren-nsen. Dɣa izagen-a n umgarad d ixataren s waṭas.
IzanẒreg
Yezmer ad yili ufriri n tegrawt-a taxatart meqqren gar n ibureɣsen yakk, anda i tla yiwet n tyuga n wafriwen ma d tayuga tis snat yuɣal meẓẓiy i wakken ad yuɣal d allal n umejgugel yemmugen am umesraf. Dɣa tadast s telmas-is yemgaraden iga d amedya igerrzen i yigmamen n tegrawt-a, anda yettwassen s ukerrec-is itekkmen (iqerrḥen) akken i d-tesskaray urnan.
Irẓaẓen, Irẓuzen, Tizizwa yakk d yigeṭfenẒreg
Tizizwa d tagrawt meqqren n ibureɣsen, amur ameqran deg-sent ttidirent deg tehrest anda ixeddment yakk i ubaɣur imezdi. Amedya: tahrest n tzizwa n tamment tettwasemmes ɣef tgellidt tameqrant yettilin d tagensast ɣef usersi n tmellalin, ma d tawuri n iwetmen d asebrer n tmellalin n tgellidt. Deg wakud anda ixeddment tqeddacin imahilen niden. Dɣa timettiyin n igeṭfen d yirẓaẓen d wid yettemcabin timetti n tzizwa anda ttidirent deg tegrawin i teddmen aṭas n yigmamen i ttemyallalen gugar-asen.
Ikurdan d tilkinẒreg
Ikurdan d tilkin d ijenṭaden yettidiren deg wamur uffiɣ n tfekka n umesnubget-is. Tilmas-a isnat-nsent ur lint ara afriwen. Mekknent timsuṭad (gar-asent andan) yakk d yigṭaṭ anda ittsummunt idammen i wakken ad farsent timellalin, ayen yettaǧǧa ad sneṭṭen aṭas n tlmas n waṭṭanen, dɣa tasakrart n terka yakk d terka taberkant yenfufden deg Uruppa d tmurt n Yiqbayliyen deg tallit talemmas yedda yerna yenfufed s yikurdan ittidiren deg tfekkiwin n iɣuliwen iy ṭṭef waṭṭan-a. Ma d aṭṭan n Tifus ittili-d deg tamiwin yumsen yeččuren d tilkin i d-tissawaṭen seg wemdan ɣer wemdan niden.
Ibẓaẓ, Ijṛaden, IwerǧeǧǧiyenẒreg
D tagrawt n warrasen d timestuga i tetten s waṭas. Anda i d-gellunt s isettwiɣen i yilan n wemdan. Anda ibẓaẓ d iburjijen d yibureɣsen ittilin deg wurtan d yilmayen ur d-gellun ara s usettwiɣ meqqren i yimdanen, maca imdanen kerhen-ten s usrag n tmeẓri-ines ilicen d imesli-ines. Ma d ajṛad de win isettwaɣayen s waṭas imendiyen d yimmaden.
Dɣa izeglella d yisen seg yigmamen yettwassnen yakk deg tegrawt-a, acku yettili deg yakk ideggan anda yettili wemdan, anda yettwaf ama deg yixxamen neɣ deg wanda iṭṭeggiren igudiyen.
UččiẒreg
Iburɣas d imuddiren ig tetten aṭas n wučči ya d učči amɣaw neɣ aɣersaw, llan iburɣas ig tetten aksum d iɣsan d idammen d ucencaw akken daɣen illan iburɣas ig tetten asɣaṛ
Tudert n uburɣesẒreg
AsileɣẒreg
Aṭas n ibureɣsen ttlalen-d i wakken ad qqimen d imeẓyanen. Acku amur ameqran n ibureɣsen beddun tudert-nsen s agensu n tmellalt anda i tettili tettwaggeẓ s teclemt yeqquren. Tawtemt tessrusay aṭas n tmellalin, Amedya: tawtemt n yizi tessrusay 1000 n tmellalin deg 15 n wussan kan maca mi ara ad frurxent tmellalin-nni anagar kra n yizan Kan ara ad iqqimen d imidduren. Dɣa anecta yegguni ɣef twennaṭ anda yettidir uburɣes (ma yella wučči d yiba n tnegmarin).
TamhaztẒreg
Amur ameqran n ibureɣsen ttefrurxen-d seg tmellalin itessrusay tayemmat-nsen deg yiferran n yimɣan neɣ deg waman neɣ deg tamiwin niden. Maca llant tilmas niden i d-ittmagen deg tmellalt s agensu n tfekka n tayemmat sin akin ad ilal d amiddur. Maca, s umata-nsen ttaken-d seg waṭas n talliyin n ibeddilen mi ara ad gemmun, ma d asrag yettaǧǧan ibureɣsen ad scelmen taɣessa-nsen tuffiɣt yettuɣal ɣer tɣuri n teclemt-nsen ittikrisen ɣef uburɣes mi ara ad igmu, dɣa srid mi ara ad iffeɣ uburɣes seg tɣessa-ines ad yimɣur w ad s-temmag tɣessa d tamaynut.
Azal ameqran n ibureɣsen ttekken-d seg yiwen gar n snat n telmas n temhazt, igan ya d tamhazt tummidt neɣ tamhazt tanaktamt, anda titlullɣin d yibẓaẓ d iburjijen gan d ibureɣsen i d-itekken seg tallit n temhazt tanaktamt anda amgarad gar n ibureɣsen imawaṭen d yifrax-is d win ibanen s waṭas
Assaɣ n ibureɣsen d wemdanẒreg
Aṭas seg twaculin n ibureɣsen ttumeggzent d tijenṭadin yerna tthewwilent amdan, ibureɣsen ittumeggzen d ijenṭaden akka gan d tadasin, tilkin, izan yakk d isellufen, anda tiwaculin-a d tid yessenṭaṭen aṭas n telmas n waṭṭanen ma d iramuden yakk d yijṛaden d wid iṭṭurrayen imɣan d imendiyen. D ayen yeǧǧan aṭas n imusnawen ad mmuzzgen s tezrawt n tarrayin yemgaraden i wakken ad sneɣden deg umdan n ibureɣsen anda i ssemrasen imsenger n tillicin. Maca taggara ayi uɣalen ttganayen ugar ɣef iɣunab n usenɣed igamanen d yisnudranen.
Ẓeṛ daɣenẒreg
- ↑ "Insecta". Tree of Life Web Project. 2002. Archived from the original on 2 yebrir 2019. Retrieved 12 mayyu 2009.
- ↑ Erwin, Terry L. (1997). Biodiversity at its utmost: Tropical Forest Beetles. pp. 27–40. In: Reaka-Kudla, M. L.; Wilson, D. E.; Wilson, E. O. (eds.). Biodiversity II. Joseph Henry Press, Washington, D.C.


text:
Lezzayer
Lezzayer (azwel unṣib: Tagduda Tazzayrit Tamagdayt Taɣerfant) d tamurt i d-yezgan deg Tefriqt Ugafa. Tamanaɣt ines d Lezzayer, tiɣremt ugaren tiyaḍ deg umḍan n imezdaɣ. Zgan-d deg tilisa-s seg ugafa ilel agrakal, seg ugafasammer Tunes, seg usammer Libya, seg unẓulasammer Nijir, seg unẓulamalu Mali ak d Muriṭanya, ma s tama tella tamurt n Meṛṛuk.
Lezzayer, i yesɛan tajumma n 2 381 741 km2, d tamurt tamezwarut deg temɣer deg Tefriqt ak d tmura n illel agrakal.
Lezzayer tewwi-d timunent-ines si tmurt n Fṛansa ass n 5 Yulyu 1962, mbed ṭṭraḍ icudden. Nettat d taɛeggale n Tdukli n Iɣlanen, Tadukli n Tmura n Tefriqt, d Tamdunt Taɛṛabt.
Deg tmendawt n Lezzayer yersa-d belli tamurt n Lezzayer d tamurt tineslemt, Taɛṛabt d Tamaziɣt, d annect-a i ibennun tinekkit[Awal 1] n wegdud Azzayri.
Aẓar n yisem[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Isem n tmurt n Lezzayer yusa-d seg yisem n tmanaɣt-ines. Dɣa, caḍen isegziyen i fkan i yisem agi. Asegzi amezwaru yeqqared belli Lezzayer yusad seg Alger, isem aɛewwaj arumi n yisem Alguère s tkatalant. Aneggaru agi yeffɣed si teɛrabt "Ǧazayer", isem i s-yefka Buluɣin mmis n Ziri (neɣ Dziri), win i d-ixelqen tadinastit tazirit ass-nni mmi yesekka tamdint n Lezzayer deg useggas n 960 f agaluz n temdint taqdimt i yesɛan isem s trumant Icosium. Netta yefka-as isem n Lezzayer at Mezɣenna. Asegzi-niḍen yeqqared belli isem n Lezzayer yettwakksed si teɛrabt الجزائر (al-Djaza'ir), asget n جزيرة (Djazira) neɣ « tigzirt », acku Lezzayer tella am tegzirt: yar uneẓruf d yellel.
Amezruy[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tislamit n Lezzayer[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ass mi teɣli Rum, yrnan s-deffiris iwendalen, llan Ibizanten imidusen dacu yeğa i wakken ad ilin aṭas n tigeldiwin timaziɣin timecṭaḥ g Arris daɣen, kra degsent ugin y mir-id ussan inselmen jar 665 d 708, g useggas n 665, iɛraben ẓedmen i tikkelt tamenzut f Tafrikt ugafa armi (tamazɣa) g useggas n 683 yeṭṭef Ɛuqba n nafiɛ aḥelli. Cciln azbu n tageldunt Dihya, g aseggas n 708 uɣalen imaziɣen timdefirt maca ɣelben-ten iɛraben, ihi ṭfen tamurt imaziɣen, yǧan ajjed nsen d tutlayt nsen igejdan.
Taslekt tafransit[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tufad Fransa imerwasen n Bakri d Bucnaq d sebba f aken ad tekcem ar Lezzayer s usagen n Sidi Freǧ g useggas n 1830
Tagrawla n nuwember[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ass n 31 tuber 1954 llan iserdasen idzayriyen sewjaden (ttheggin) i imenɣi, ggunin (arjan) ass n tatusant n irumiyen imi llan marra deg yiḍ netmaɣra, ttun iman-nsen, maca g idurar iserdasen wten (ssufɣen) tarṣaṣt tamenzut f 00:00, akka i tebda ( tekkmassa) tegrawla n ugdud i yellan ddau uḍar n temharsa (colonisation) n Fransa.
Tewwwi-d azarug -ines ass n 5 yulyu aseggas n 1962, tkecm-itt Fransa di yulyu n 1830 ass mi tella s ddaw n tecḍat n Turk taɛutumanit. Am wakken i s-yenna Ccix Muḥend u Lḥusin:
- Ikecm-ed Urumi di ṣṣif
Ad iffeɣ s ssif
Di ṣṣif
Qbel lexrif...
Tedda Lezzayer abrid yeččur s yisennanen tebda amezruy -ines g wass mi tegred tagrawla n umenzu n wember 1954 deg wedrar n Wawras, ymagred ass n tatusant lɛid (adriz) n irumiyen. refden-tt irgazen d tlawin am Ɛebban Remḍan, Ḥusin At Ḥmed, kolonel Uɛemran, Mesṭafa U Bulɛid, Muḥemmed Buḍyaf, Ḥasiba Ben Buɛli, Ferḥat Ɛebbas, Xiḍer, cadhen ismawen-nsen d ayen i d-fkan i Lezzayer.
Tarakalt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tamurt n Lezzayer d tamurt tamenzut i meqqren akk ɣef timura n tigrakalin s tajumma ines, d tamurt tis snat i meqqren g timura n umenẓaw n Tafriqt, tesɛa tamurt n Lezzayer g tama n wenẓul amur ameqqran nu unezruf ismis Sehra. deg ugafa, aṭlas atelli
Tarakalt tadeblant[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tebḍa tamurt n Lezzayer ɣef 58 n twilayin, yal tawilayt tesɛa agraw aɣerfan f ixf nnes lwali. Yal tawilayt tebḍa ɣef asunen, yal asun yebḍa ɣef tɣiwanin. Tikkelt taneggarut i tetwabḍa dyes tamurt n Lezzayer tella deg useggas n 2019.
Tamendawt n Lezzayer n useggas 1963 tebḍa tamurt ɣef 48 n twilayin:
Asegzi n wawalen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ Tinekkit: Identité.