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Macahu ! Ad telhu ! Ad tt-yeg Ṛebbi amzun d asaru !
Yella yiwen sselṭan, sselṭan ala Ṛebbi ! yesɛa sebɛa warraw-is. Yiwen deg-sen isemma-as Yusef. Ihi, ttagaden, seḥbibiren-fella-s. Ttaken-as taḥbult ur nesɛi imassen ed tɛembubt ur nesɛi iɣsan. Armi d ass-n deg wussan n Ṛebbi, qqimen yeɛdawen n baba-s la heddṛen deg tejmaɛt, nnan-as : « flan yesɛa aqcic ifaz, yerna ur d-iteffeɣ ɣer beṛṛa ». Tenṭeq ɣer-sen Sstut, tenna-asen : -Ma tebɣam, ad awen-t-id ssiseɣ.
Nnan-as : -iiih ! mer ad aɣ-t-id-tessiseḍ, ad am-nefk tacacit n wedrim.
Tenna-asen : -ihi yirbeḥ.
Tekker tṛuḥ ɣur-s. Mi tewweḍ, tenna-as i yemma-s :
-A yelli ɛzizi, tesɛiḍ aqcic isem-is Yusef, yella deg wawal, armi d deqqal : Ur t-neẓri ur t-nessin.
Tinna tettnawal askaf, tessenɛet-as-t anda yella. Tuli sakin Sstut ɣur Yusef, tenna-as :
-Ahbuh a Yusef a mmi ! mer ay k-iḥemmel baba-k, ay k-tḥemmel yemma-k, ur ak-ttafken ara taḥbult ur nesɛi imassen ed tɛembubt ur nesɛi iɣsan : ad yeḥzen win ur necci adif n tɛembubin ed teḥbult n weɣrum s yiqecran-is.
Yenna-as : -Ihi amek ?
Tenna-as : Ini-as i yemma-k ed baba-k !
Mi tṛuḥ Sstut, yeddem Yusef iṣubb-d ɣer yemma-s, yaf-itt-in la tmessel askaf, ttekkes-d ticuftin. Iḍegger taqeccaḍt n ukebri yesteɛmel d aḥucciw yini-as i yemma-s : « ha-t-an a yemma uḥucciw yeɣli-n ». Mi temmeɣ ad t-id-tekkes : yebbeẓ-as afus-is s askaf yerɣan, yarez-as-t deg-in. Nettat tsuɣ, netta yeqqar-as :
-Ɛahdeɣ Ṛebbi, ma kkseɣ-d afus-im seg-in siwa ma tɛuhdeḍ-iyi ar d iyi-d-tefkem kemm ed baba kra ad awen-iniɣ.
Tenna-as : -Kkes-iyi-n kan seg tmes , ɛahdeɣ-k s Ṛebbi ar kra tebɣiḍ ad ak-t-nexdem nekk ed baba-k .
Yenna-as : -Ihi ad iyi-tefkem taḥbult s yiqecran-is ad iyi-ternum taɛembubt s yeɣsan-is.
Tenna-as : -Yirbeḥ.
Armi d tameddit, tizi n yimensi, tseras-as-d yemma-s taḥbult s yiqecran-is terna-as taɛembubt s yeɣsan-is. Yecca-tent. Isumm-d adif i yellan deg tɛembubt. Icar sakin iɣes ɣer ṭṭaq, iḥuz jjaj-is, yeddegdeg. Iḍal-d seg ṭṭaq, iwala ddunnit beṛṛa amek i la tzehher teɛmeṛ : wa yettali wa yettṣubbu.
Yenṭeq ɣer yemma-s yenna-as :
-Yyah ! ziɣ akk-a ay tella ddunnit ! kenwi tkemnem-iyi deg wexxam !
Yuɣal ɣer baba-s yenna-as :
-Ad iyi-tefkem tagmert ad ṛuḥeɣ ad ffɣeɣ.
Yuɣ-as awal baba-as. Seg wakken yejhed, aɛawdiw ay ɣef yuli ad qesfen yiḍarren-is. Armi d wis sebɛa. Iṛuḥ baba-s s amɣar azemni, yeḥka-as :
-A baba amɣar, tekcem-d ɣur-i Sstut, tɣerreq-iyi !
Yenna-as wemɣar azemni : -amek a mmi ?
Yeḥka-as tadyant yeḍran yid-s, yuɣal ay segra-as-d : -tura, mmi-a la yeqqar awi-d aɛawdiw, win ay ɣef yuli ad t-yerẓ armi tṛuḥ tekfa tejlibt n yiɛawdiawen-iw. Tura amek ara xedmeɣ yid-s ?
Yenna-as wemɣar azemni : -Ddem-as-d ameḍɛafu-nni akk deg-sen yellan d tizzya-s, efk-as-t d win.
Yuɣal-d s axxam yexdem akken, yenna-as i Yusef : -ṛuḥ a mmi, ha-t-an uɛawdiw ay ak-ilaqen, d tizzya-ik ahat wa ur t-yettaɣ wara.
Yuli Yusef aɛawdiw-nni, ad as-tiniḍ msefhamen, akken ay t-yerkeb yenceɛ yes-s, kkan tawwurt. Ileḥḥu deg temdint, aɛawdiw yettṛabaɛ, aqcic yezzeɣzeɣ2 : yekker-asen akk i medden s teɣrit : wa yerẓa-t wa yesɛab-it, wa yerẓa-t wa yesɛab-it, wa yerẓa-t wa yesɛab-it… Armi uɣalen nnejmaɛen yelmeẓyen deg tejmaɛt, nnan-as :
-Win ara d aɣ-yenfun Yusef seg taddart, ad t-neɣnu ma yeɣna-t Ṛebbi.
Teflali-d Sstut, tini-asen :
-D nekk ara t-yenfun ma tefkam-iyi tacacit n wedrim.
Nnan-as : -ṛuḥ kan ihi, mi t-neẓra yenfa seg taddart, ad am-tt-nefk.
Teddem, tgubeṛ-it, tqusem-as ɣer tala mi iṛuḥ ad yessew aɛawdiw-is. Yaf-itt-in tessendi tayeddidt n uɣerda
s amizab ad tt-teccaṛ. Yekker izuff-itt-id seg-in i wakken ad isew uɛawdiw-is. Tenṭeq ɣur-s tenna-as :
-ṛuḥ a nnger-ik, a tuqqad-ik, macci ɣur-i ara d-tḥeṛceḍ, ad
tesserwateḍ arrac a aḥeqqar… ma tekkateḍ uzzal dɣa d tidet, aweḍ ɣer Nuja u Teryal, ma ulac seras-iman-ik.
Yenna-as : -Mel-iyi-tt kan anida tella !
Tenna-as : -A mmi ur kucfeɣ ara, ṭṭef iberdan-ik ɣer teẓgi,
nadi, nadi, nadi… ad tuɣaleḍ ad tt-tafeḍ. Yessew aɛawdiw-is, yeṭṭef iberdan-is ɣer teẓgi n lewḥuc. Mi ifel i teẓgi, iteddu yesteqsay, armi yufa wid ay as-yemlan abrid : « ha-tt-an deg wemkan n lmuḍeɛ flan ». Ileḥḥu sebɛ yyam u sebɛ llyali. Tamurt i wumi ifel ɣas ta, tamurt i wumi ifel ɣas ta, tamurt i wumi ifel ɣas ta … Armi yewweḍ ɣer Nuja. Twala-t-id tenna-as :
-A nnger-ik ! a nnger-ik ! yemma d Teryel ad k-tecc !
Yenna-as : -ḍebbeṛ aqerru-im ! nekk usiɣ-d armi d deg-a, ɣef wudem-im i yebɣun yeḍru !
Teddem Nuja terr-it ddaw tesraft. Armi d tameddit, mi d-tekcem Teryel, tesraḥ, tenna-as :
-Mmh ! a Nuja yelli ! ifuḥ waḍu awerdali, leɛqel-iw iga abali : anwa ay d-ikecmen ?
Terra-as-d Nuja : -A yemma d aɛeṭṭar kan ay d-yusan, uɣeɣ fell-as timceḍt.
Tenna-as Teryel : -i teṭṭfeḍ-iyi-t-id ad t-cceɣ !
Tenna-as Nuja : -Aha tura, ula d aɛeṭṭar amcum ad
am-t-id-ṭṭfeɣ ad tecceḍ ? Nekk ur ẓriɣ ara tebɣiḍ-t.
Yuɣal yenṭeq-d uyaziḍ : -Ququɛu ! yemma jida tunguft ! ma d Yusef s ddaw teṛbut !
Tenna-as Teryel : -D acu d-yeqqar uyaziḍ-nni ?
Terra-as-d Nuja : -La am-yeqqar : Nuja ad iyi-tezlu, ma d tinecwatin-iw ed tẓermucin-iw ad tent-tecc Yemma Jida ma
d taksumt-iw ad tt-tecc Nuja.
Tenna-as Teryel : -Ddem-it-id a Nuja a yelli !
Tekker Nuja tezla ayaziḍ, tefka-as i yemma-s tinecwatin, tiẓermucin ed yidammen-is. Ma d taksumt teffer-itt ar azekka-nni ad tt-id-tesseww i Yusef.
Azekka-nni tameddit, daɣen kifkif, akken kan d-tekcem teryel, tenṭeq ɣer Nuja tenna-as :
-Mmh ! ifuḥ waḍu awerdali, leɛqel-iw iga abali, a Nuja yelli ! anwa akka ay d-ikecmen axxam-iw ? ? ? Tenna-as Nuja : -D aɛeṭṭar kan ay d-yusan, uɣeɣ fell-as lemri, simi d-d liɣ ad am-t-id-ṭṭfeɣ yerwel-iyi. Tenna-as teryel : -a Nuja yelli, amek ay am-yennser ?
Yuɣal yenṭeq-d yikerri : -Baɛɛɛ ! yemma jida tunguft ! ma d Yusef seddaw teṛbut !
Tenṭeq Teryel : -Nuja ! d acu d-yeqqar yikerri-nni ?
Terra-as-d Nuja :
-La am-yeqqar, zlu-iyi ! taḥedduft-iw, idammen-iw, iẓerman-iw ed uqerru-iw ad ten-tecc Yemma Jida ma d taksumt-iw ad tt-tecc nanna Nuja.
Tenna-as Teryel : -Ddem-it-id ihi, a Nuja a yelli !
Tekker nuja s ikerri, tezla-t, tuza-t. Teddem taḥedduft, s yidammen, iẓerman ed uqerru-nni, tḍegger-as-ten i yemma Jida ad ten-tecc. Ma d taksumt teffer-itt daɣen ar azekka-nni ad tt-yecc Yusef. Armi d wis telteyyam, tekcem-d tameddit Teryel, tesraḥ daɣen abeṛṛani, tenṭeq ɣer Nuja tenna-as : -Ah ! a Nuja a yelli s acu tɛewwleḍ ad t-txedmeḍ ?
Tenna-as Nuja : -A yemma, ur ttagad, d rriḥa-nni kan n
yiḍelli ! Ur yelli win d-yusan ass-a !
Yenṭeq-d weɣyul, yesreɣruɣ deg udaynin, yeqqar-as : -Yemma Jida tunguft ! ma d Yusef s ddaw teṛbut !
Tenna-as Teryel : -D acu d-yeqqar weɣyul-nni ?
Terra-as-d Nuja : -La am-yeqqar, ini-as i Yemma Jida ad iyi-tezlu ! ad iyi-tecc ! nekk ɛyiɣ deg ddunnit !
Tenna-as Teryel : -Awi-t-id akka a Nuja yelli !
Tezzuɣer-as-t-id Nuja i Yemma-s, tbezzer-it, tecca-t. Tejja-tt armi tekfa, tekker ad tṛuḥ ad tgen, tini-as :
-Ihi a Yemma teṛwiḍ ?
Tenna-as Yemma Jida : -Ahbuh ! a Nuja a yelli, macci d ayen tettfukuḍ : nṭel qejjiṛ yali-d qejjiṛ ! nṭel meẓẓuɣ yali-d meẓẓuɣ ! nṭel fettus yali-d fettus ! ur t-fukeɣ ara.
Armi d ass wis ṛebɛa, tenna-as Nuja i yemma-s :
-Nnaɣ a yemma, aqlaɣ nɛac deg teẓgi n lewḥuc, kemm d Teryel, albaɛḍ ad am-d-iqasem … ur iyi-tenniḍ amek tegganeḍ, ad ɛasseɣ fell-am !
Tenna-as Teryel : -iiih ! a Nuja a yelli, mel-iyi qbel kemmini, iḍes-im, amek iga ?
Tenna-as Nuja : -Nekk yeshel, ad am-t-mleɣ : mi d-yemɣi mejjir deg yinyen ɣef yiri n lkanun, nekk imiren ay ṭṭseɣ !
Tekker Teryel tɛawez, tɛuss Nuja ar teṭṭes : tequreɛ ar d-yemɣi mejjir deg yinyen ɣef yiri n lkanun… tɛuss, tɛuss, tɛuss… armi teɛya, teṭṭes. Tuɣal azekka-nni, tenna-as Nuja : -I kemm a yemma, amek ay iga yiḍes-im.
Temla-as teryel iḍes-is, tenna-as :
-Mi tesliḍ i yimeqreqyar la sawalen, i yeɣyal la sreɣruɣen, i tzermemmac la sfiricent deg uɛebbuḍ-iw, imiren ay ṭṭseɣ. Ma ulac mazal ṭṭiseɣ.
Teddem Nuja tɛuss armi tesla i yimeqreqyar la sawalen, i yeɣyal la sreɣruɣen, i tzermemmac la sfiricent deg uɛebbuḍ n yemma-as, tefhem teṭṭes. Tekker tsers-d lḥenni, tsawel-asen i yijeqduṛen meṛṛa
Rsem-d a yijeqduṛen d tirni !
ad awen-tewwet Nuja lḥenni !
azekka ad tebdu tikli !
Tsers-d ijeqduṛen d tirni. Ala asduz ed uceqlal ay tettu. Tewwet-asen akk lḥenni. Tuɣal tsers tineqqiḍt n lḥenni ɣef yiri n lkanun, tayeḍ deg tlemmast n tqaɛet, tayeḍ ɣef teɛzalt, tayeḍ ɣef wemnaṛ n tewwurt u taneggarut deg tlemmast n wefrag. Mi tekfa, terfed iman-is ed Yusef, kkan tawwurt : jjan-as-d i Teryel ala aḍu. Mi d-teɛɛenjaj (1) seg yiḍes deg tlemmast n yiḍ, ad tsawal : -Nuja ! … Nuja !… dɣa ad d-yenṭeq yiwen seg yijeqduṛen-nni ad as-d-yerr awal : « anɛam a yemma ! ». Dɣa ad tuɣal s iḍes. Kan akken armi d-rran akk awal yijeqduṛen. Tuɣal teɛɛenjjaj-d Teryel, tsawel, yerr-as-d awal yiri lkanun : « anɛam a yemma ! ». Tuɣal tsawel, terr-as-d awal tlemmast n tqaɛet s tneqqiḍt n lḥenni. Akken, akken, akken… armi ay as-d-yerra awal wefrag. Armi d asiwel aneggaru, d asduz ed uceqlal ay as-d-yerran awal
" Qerbeb ! qerbeb ! qerbeb !
Yemma Jida tunguft !
Nanna Nuja tejja-kem ! "
Tsawel, tsawel, tsawel… ulac. Tewwet agejdur, tsuɣ :
-Ah ! a Nuja a yelli txedɛeḍ-iyi ad kem-yexdeɛ Ṛebbi.
Tnuda, tnuda, tnuda… : ulac. Tekker tetbeɛ-iten.
Yuɣ lḥal, Nuja ed Yusef zeggnen abrid s tikli1. Mi wwḍen ɣer yiwet teẓgi2, afen ulansi ɛeddin. Tenṭeq Nuja ɣer teẓgi, tenna-as : -A tiẓgi n wudi ed tament, eg-iyi abrid ad ɛeddiɣ ! yemma Jida deffir-i, ma teṭṭef-iyi ad iyi-tneɣ !
Dɣa, tiẓgi, tserreḥ, tuɣal-d d tamazirt. Ɛeddan-d ur ten-yuɣ wara. Uɣalen wwḍen s asif, afen-t-in la yeskefkuf, ur yettunezgar. Tenṭeq Nuja, tenna-as :
-A asif n wudi ed tament eg-iyi abrid ad ɛeddiɣ ! yemma Jida deffir-i, ma teqḍeɛ-i-d ad iyi-tneɣ !
dɣa asif yuɣal-d d iɣzer, zegren-t-d ur ten-yuɣ wara. Ma d Teryel, mi d-tewweḍ ɣer teẓgi, taf-itt akken, tenṭeq, ḥaca udmawen-nwen, tenna-as :
-A tiẓgi n yiẓẓan ed yibeccan eg-iyi abrid ad ɛeddiɣ, Nuja yelli tejja-iyi ! eg-iyi abrid ad ɛeddiɣ !
Tiẓgi, imiren ay temḍulles (2). Meṛṛa txezzeq-itt, terra-tt akk tettiẓrir d idammen. Tuɣal tewweḍ s asif taf-it-in icewwel ur yettunezgar. Ḥaca udmawen-nwen, tenna-as :
-A asif n yiẓẓan ed yibeccan ! eg-iyi abrid ad ḍeddiɣ !
Asif, imir-n ay la yesṛebṛub, la yeskefkuf, yeggar gemmaḍ-in, gemmaḍ-a ! Teɛreḍ, teɛreḍ, teɛreḍ… ulamek ! macci d ayen ay wumi tezmer ad t-tezger. Tuyes. Tsawel-as i Nuja s lqedd n taɣect-is, tenna-as :
-A Nuja ! a Nuja ! a Nuja ! ad am-n-jjeɣ leḥṛam d aseṭṭaf deg uqerru-im, ad n-yaf wergaz-im iṣeṭṭalen, ɣur-m anda yettseḍḍil ! ad n-yaf iqebqaben n wureɣ, ɣur-m anda ay ten-yettlusu ! ad n-yaf sin yigudar la ttnaɣen, ɣur-m anda ay ten-iferru !
Nuja ed Yusef slan-as-d . Kemmlen ihi abrid-nsen armi d-mlalen iseḍḍalen, yekker ad iseḍḍel, tenna-as Nuja : -Ur tettseḍḍileḍ ara ! i wawal-nni ay d-tenna yemma ? Yuɣal ur iseḍḍel ara.
Rnan, ddan armi ufan iqebqaben n wureɣ. Yekker Yusef ad ten-yels, tugi-as Nuja :
-Ala, ur ten-tettlusuḍ ara, ɛni tettuḍ awal-nni ay d-tenna yemma ?
Yuɣ-as daɣen awal, ur ten-yelsi ara. Rnan lḥan, lḥan, lḥan… armi d-mlalen sin yigudar la ttnaɣen, la ttemxezzaqen, ttiẓriren d idammen. Iga akka, yemmeɣ ad ten-yefru. Tugi Nuja, tenna-as : -Ur ten-tferruḍ ara, i wawal-nni ay d-tenna yemma ?
Yenna-as : -Anef-aɣ seg wawal ay d-tenna yemma-m, ɛni tuɣal-aɣ d Ṛebbi ! ad ten-fruɣ ammar ad msekfun.
Iṛuḥ ad ten-yefru s uɣanim. Iga akka, iger-it ddaw yifer-is yiwen seg yigudar-nni, yewwi-t. Tenna-as : -Nnaɣ a Yusef ! txedɛeḍ-iyi !
Yenna-as : -Ṛuḥ, ḍḍef deg tseḍḍa n uɛawdiw tedduḍ yid-s. Axxam ay ɣer yerra d win ay d axxam-nneɣ ! Ad tawḍeḍ ɣer ddaw tala, ad n-tafeḍ lɛinṣer, ad n-tafeḍ tibḥirt, ad n-tafeḍ taklit-nneɣ. Ddem ijekḍan-nni, ɛenni ɣer Ṛebbi, ad tekkes taklit taglimt-is, els-itt kemmini. Ddu ed tqeḍqiɛt s axxam-nneɣ.
Texdem akken ay as-d-yenna. Taklit tekkes taglimt-is, nettat telsa-tt. Tedda-d ed lmal. Tuɣal d nettat ay d taklit. Mi d-yeḥdeṛ ad teqqen lmal, tini-as i lall n wexxam :
-Sani ara ɛellqeɣ ayeddid a Lalla ?
Lall n wexxam, tewhem d acu-t westeqsi am wa, terr-as-d :
-Ad tecceḍ aqerru-im ed tezmert-im a taklit mm yiselfan ed yiḥelfan, d acu kem-yuɣen akk-a akk ass-a ? Ah ? Ur teẓriḍ ara sani ara terreḍ ayeddid ?
Tṛuḥ Nuja yuɣalen d taklit, ɣer lmal ad teqqen, ur as-tessin ara. Wa teqqen-it seg yicekkaben, wa teqqen-it seg uqerru, wa teqqen-it seg wacciwen. Lall n wexxam-nni, teɣli fell-as s isuɣan ed wexmimeṛ : -Ah ! a taklit n wass-a ! wekkleɣ-am Ṛebbi.
Tuɣal Nuja, cwiṭ cwiṭ, armi tuɣ tanumi. Mi tekfa ass-is, ad teɛnu tameccuct-is ad tgen. Ma d Yusef, mi d-yeɣli yiḍ, ad t-id-yawi yigider nnig wexxam-nsen. Deg-in ay yettnusu. Dɣa ad yekker ad as-icennu i Nuja :
" D acu ay d usu-im a Nuja !
A Nuja !
D acu ay d taduli-im a Nuja !
A Nuja !
Sakin nettat ad as-d-terr daɣen s ccnawi :
Asummet-inu d iniy !
D iniy !
Taduli-inu d igenni !
D igenni !
A Yusef, txedɛeḍ-iyi !
Kan akken kul ass armi qrib aseggas. Asmi yessaweḍ Ṛebbi lweqt, ass-n, tizi n lefjer, yekker-d Ccix n Ljameɛ ad d-yedden i tẓallit, yesla-asen. Yuɣal iṛuḥ s agellid-nni yenna-as : -A flan, axxam-ik yetteɛmeṛ !
Winna yenna-as : -Amek ?
Yenna-as Ccix : ay yellan, ay yellan, ay yellan (3) … taklit-nni-inek macci d taklit !
Azekka-nni, yeddem sselṭan iɛawez, dɣa yesla-asen. Sakin yenṭeq ɣer Nuja, yenna-as :
-Ṛuḥ ini-as « a aqerru n wemcum ! d acu ara k-id-yessuksen ? »
Tenna-as akk-n Nuja. Yuɣal yerra-as-d :
-Ini-as i baba, ma yebɣa ad iyi-n-yeg iberdan ad iyi-n-yessukes, ad yezlu tafunast-nni tamezgult (4) deg wexxam, yiwen ur tt-iɛerreḍ ɣef lemleḥ, ad gen sebɛa teṛbutin n seksu u ad tent-id-isers da. Ad d-rsen yigudar meṛṛa ad ccen. Ad yecc winna akken ay iyi-d-yewwin alamma yeṛwa, ur yezmir ara ad yelḥu. Mi yekker ad yafeg, ad tewtem kan akk-a s afriawen-is s uɣanim, netta ad yesrifeg, nekk ad n-ɣliɣ s axxam.
Yeddem ugellid yexdem akkenni. Tedda Nuja, wwin sebɛa teṛbutin n seksu. Rsen-d sakin yigudar meṛṛa ɣer tiɣilt-nni ad ccen. Win yeccan deg-sen, ad yesrifeg ad iṛuḥ… armi d-yeqqim uwessur-nni ay t-yewwin. Yecca armi yeqbeṛ, yeddem la iferres iman-is. Ur yezmir ara ad yekker seg taẓayt. Gan-as kan akk-a s uɣanim sin yiberdan (5), iserreḥ-d i Yusef, yeɣli-d . Rran-t-id s axxam. Kettṛen-as deg lerbaḥ armi yeḥla seg weḍɛaf-nni. Ula anida ad k-gen a lfeṛḥ ! Yeqqim armi d-yuɣal ɣer tezmert-is, yehdeṛ ed Nuja ad tt-yaɣ. Yenna-as sakin i baba-s :
-Ihi, a baba, ad nefk iẓid i tesyar, aql-iyi ad aɣeɣ taklit. Baba-s yesteɛbeṛ imi ay as-d-tettban d taklit, yenna-as :
-A mmi xzu cciṭan, d acu ara hedṛen medden fell-aɣ, ad as-inin « mmi-is n Sselṭan yuɣ taklit » ?
Winna yeḍḍef kan deg wawal-nni, yenna-as : -Hdeṛ neɣ qim, nekk d taklit kan ara yaɣeɣ.
Mi iwala baba-s iman-is yettwarna, yefka lemqud (6) ad tt-aɣen. Kkren gan tameɣra, yawi-d sakin Yusef taklit d tislit. Armi d-yeɣli yiḍ, iṛuḥ s ijekḍan-nni n tala yawi-ten-id. Yebda la tt-yekkat yes-sen, yeqqar-as :
Kkes lḥellasa, a weltennas, a taceɛlalt n yemma-s !
kkes lḥellasa, a weltennas, a taceɛlalt n yemma-s !
kkes lḥellasa, a weltennas, a taceɛlalt n yemma-s !
Armi tlata yiberdan. Dɣa tuɣal-d Nuja am wakken tella : am wayyur n yigenni ! Yella deg wawal : Nuja u Teryel. Azekka-nni, at wexxam, ay iwalan, wehmen. Ma d medden, ur tt-nwala ara, ugin ad amnen : nnan-as kan d taklit kan i yuɣ. Uɣalen kkren-d watmaten-is, s tismin, mkul wa anta ay yebɣa ad tt-yaɣ. Yiwen yenna-as i baba-s : « Ula d nekk ad aɣeɣ taklit ». Wis sin : « ihi nekk, a baba, ad aɣeɣ taqjunt ! ». Wayeḍ yini-as : « nekk ad aɣeɣ tamqerqurt »... Yenna-asen baba-tsen : -A tarwa xzut cciṭan ! gma-twen d Nuja n Teryel ay yuɣ macci d taklit. Iɛetteb fell-as, yelḥa deg yidurar ed tẓegwa armi qrib t-tecci Teryel. Ula ay ken-yawin !
Ugin ad aɣen awal i baba-tsen. Yekker umezwaru, yuɣ taklit. Armi d iḍ, yeddem ijekḍan, la tt-yekkat yis-sen, yeqqar-as : « kkes lḥellasa, a weltennas, a taceɛlalt n yemma-s ! ». Taklit meskint tettnezluluf, tettru, teqqar-as : -Yeqqur, a sidi, yeqqur am uɛeqqa n zzemmur !
Yekkat-itt armi teqqur am tqejmuṛt, temmut meskint. Yuɣal winna yebɣan ad yaɣ tamqerqurt, iga tameɣra, yawi-tt-id d tislit. Mi d-yeɣli yiḍ, yekkat-itt s yijekḍan, yeqqar-as :
-Kkes lḥellasa, a weltennas a taceɛlalt n yemma-s.
Tamqerqurt meskint tettru, tesmintiw (8), teqqar-as :
-Yeqqur ! a sidi yeqqur ! am weglim n wemqerqur !
Daɣen ula d winna yekkat-itt armi temmut. Yekker winna yebɣan ad yaɣ taqjunt, iga tameɣra, yawi-tt-id. Yekker ula d netta yekkat-itt s yijekḍan, yeqqar-as daɣen : « kkes lḥellasa a weltennas a taceɛlalt n yemma-s ! ». Taqjunt tamcumt teskeɛwiw, teskeɛwiw, teskeɛwiw… armi d yiwen webrid, yerwi-d ujenniw-is, tedda fell-as, tecca-d affad-is (9). Txezzeq-it, tecca-d seg-s armi tellexlex, sakkin tɛejjeṛ fell-as. Armi yuli wass, tenna-as yemma-s n yesli i taklit : -Ṛuḥ rzu ziɣ ɣef wemcum-nni, tawiḍ-asen leftuṛ.
Tuli taklit. Mazal tekka deg yimi n tewwurt, taf-it-in akk-n, tsuɣ-d seg-in :
-Aaaa ! Lalla ! Sidi d aɣras... ! Lalla teskendeṛ fell-as !!!
Uɣalen deg yimeṭṭawen, ḥeznen fell-as. Ma d Yusef yejja akk medden hedṛen armi ɛyan… Assen, yenna-as i Nuja :
-A Nuja, ass-a ad asen-kkseɣ akk asirem deg tejmaɛt. Tenna-as : -Amek ?
Yenna-as : -Nekk ad zwireɣ ɣer tejmaɛt, kemm bru-n i uɛejmi, amzun yerwel, ttebɛeḍ-t-in.
Tebra-d Nuja i uɛejmi. Mazal yewwiḍ Yusef ɣer tejmaɛt, telḥeq iɛejmi, terr-it-id s axxam. Tamurt meṛṛa sakkin yeffeɣ-itt leɛqel : anejjaṛ yenjeṛ afus-is ! agezzar yegzer afus ! aḥeddad yesserɣ afus-is ! Aɛdawen n Yusef caḍen akk seg tismin… Netta ed Nuja yegra-asen-d liser, ddren deg lehna am temẓi am tewser. Ha-tt-an tmacahut n Nuja ed Teryel.
Tamacahut-iw lwad lwad !
sawleɣ-tt-id i warraw n lejwad !
Uccanen ad ten-yeqdu Ṛebbi !
ma d nekni ad aɣ-yeɛfu Ṛebbi !
ad necc irden n ukufi !
ma d wid n teylewt ur ten-nufi !
Hamid OUBAGHA
Seg " Tacemlit " sb 100/112.
Tiẓrigin Baghdadi. 2008
Tamawin ed usegzi n kra n wawalen ed tenfaliyin :
===================================
1. Teɛɛenjaj-d : tekker-d s wefriwes. Ad t-id-nɣer : [ teɛɛenǧaǧed ]
2. Temḍulles : myecbaken deg-s yisekla armi d-sebrebren i
tegnawt amzun yeɣli-d ṭṭlam.
3. " ay yellan ... ay yellan ... ay yellan " : netta yules-as-d i wayen ay yeẓra yeḍra wanag ur d awalen-a swaswa !
4. Tamezgult : d tin wer nuriw ara.
5. Deg tmacahut, mi ara tt-id-nessiwel, ad nessɣel s ufus s amek ara neddem aɣanim ed wamek ara newwet yis-s igider.
6. Ad nefk iẓid i tesyar : ad nefk irden i win yeẓẓaden i wakken ad aɣ-t-id-yerr d awren ara d-neg d seksu i usecci n tmeɣra. Ihi ladɣa deg tmucuha, ad d-tiniḍ kan tafyirt-a ad nefhem d aheyyi i tmeɣra.
7. Yefka lemqud : Yeqbel. Yefka-d awafeq-ines i wannect-n.
8. Tesmintiw : tettru s wesmuɣben ed uḥellel.
9. Affad > [ aff°ad]
_____________________________
© Hamid Oubagha - 2008
ISBN : 978-9961-2-0268-5
Dépôt Légal : 31593-2008


c: text/html

text:
Yugurten
Yugurten ngh Yougarta (Jugurtha s tlaṭinit) yella d agellid n Numidia seg wasuggas 113 armi d 104 uqbel Ɛisa.
Armi tgeldit n jeddi-s Masnsen , aḥric ameqran n imezdaɣen n Numidia llan ttɛicin s tafellaḥt, s wayagi ttemxallafen ɣef Imaziɣen-nniḍen ur nettissin ara taflaḥt imi ɛacen s tameksa in lmal. Masnsen ixelq-ed yiwet n tagelda (tajumma-s azal n Ledzayer n tura) akk-d yuɣal-ed d amdakkel n Roma deg 206 UL (uqbel n lweqt-nneɣ). Mbaɛd ma yemmut, yettwaxellf-ed s mmi-s Misipsa. Yugurten yella d aɣerfan gar lɣaci n tmurt-is, akter anagar n Misipsa, ɣef wagi aneggaru agi iceggeɛ Yugurten ɣef Hispania (isem i fkan Irumaniyen i Spanya deg lweqt-nni).
Misipsa ikcem-it weɣbal imi ma ikemmel akka yezmer ad yuɣal d agellid mbeɛd lmut-is; deg lewqam n Misipsa d arraw-is ara a t-id-ixlefen.
Misipsa ur yesɛi zhar imi taɣerfant n Yugurten ternu akter ayen tella asmi yella deg tmurt; deg Hispania Yugurten, d amnay ifazen tizya-s, yerbeḥ lmeḥibba n kra n yemdanen yesɛan ccan deg Roma. Deg asutel n Numantia iqeddc-ed s lǧehd lwahid Gaius Marius anda yeẓra agufsu n Irumaniyen. Qqaren belli yenna-d ɣef Roma belli tella yiwet n “Temdint yerkan, i qqurben ɣef aɣelluy-ines, ara ula d yiwen a-ţ-yeɣ.”[1]
Imi yemut deg 118 Misipsa, igelled azal n 30 iseggasen, yettwaxlef s sin warraw-is Aderbal akw d Hiemsal. Hiemsal akk-d Yugurten imeren kan bdan imenɣi-nsen; Yugurten yenɣa Hiemsal ayagi yebda daɣen yella ssiba n ttrad n Aderbal mgal Yugurten. Imi iwala belli ur yezmir ara ad iqabel Yugurten s lɛasker ines Aderbal yerwel ɣer Roma.
Imawalyen n Roma, ahat s ssiba n ugufsu-nsen neɣ s ţideţ bɣan ad fakken s uɣiwel amlasay agi, kecemen garassen, ferqen tamurt ɣef sin; Yugerten igelled ɣef utrim n tamurt, Aderbal ɣef ccerq. (iseggassen mbeɛ tazniwt n Roma teberreh belli tama n Yugerten tella axir n tama n Aderbal, teccur s lekyasa, lemeɛna is sin llan s drus n lɣaci akk-d drus n lerzaq)
Deg 112 Yugurten yerna ttrad ines mgal Aderbal, lameɛna deg tikkelt agi yesker-ed urrif n Roma ɣef yiman-is axaṭer yenɣa kra n Irumiyen i llan ttɛwanen Aderbal. Mbeɛd kra n imenɣi mgal Roma, Yugurten isselm-ed yiman-is lameɛna yerbeḥ aglam meqqren; annect agi ibedd ccek ameqran deg lweqt-nni, s tikkelt tajdidt, mgal ugufsu n imawalyen n Roma akkd Yugurten.
Useqqamu ameqran n Roma, s timelwi n aɛdaw-is Gaius Memmius, illuɛad ɣef amenzad adigan n lɛesker-is deg Tafriqt n ugafa ad yuɣal ɣer Roma i wakken ad iɛeddi di ccreɛ. Jugurten daɣen yemsaffar-ed ɣef Roma anda lɛeqliya tamekridt ines tban-ed ɣef lɣaci merra.
Imenɣi kkren-ed gar Numidia akk-d Amenkud Arumani; aneggaru agi icegɛ-ed aṭas n lɛesker ɣef Tafriqt n ugafa seddaw timelwi n l consul Quintus Caecilius Metellus.
Imenɣi mgal Yugurten dumen kra n iseggasen mbla lexsara tameqrant n Yugurten; ɣef wagi Useqqamu ameqran n Roma yextar Marius, aɛeskri n Metellus, ad yelli d lconsul amaynut deg Tafriqt ad ikemmel ttrad agi.
Marius yella d aɛdaw iwaɛren aṭas imi yenɣa ayen yella deg webrid-is. Marius icegɛ-ed amarag-is Lucius Cornelius Sulla ɣer Bukus I, agellid n Mauretania', s talilt n Bukus i-t-ixedɛen Yugurten yettwaṭṭef ger iffasen n Sula.
Yugurten yeqqim deg Lḥebs n Tullianum, deg temdint n Roma, 6 wussan armi yemut si fad akk-d d laz.
Amezruy n imenɣi n Yugerten llan deg yiwen n tektabt s tutlayt Talatinit iwumi qqaren “De Bello Iugurthino” imenɣi n Yugerten.
Tazmilt[beddel]
- ↑ « Urbem venalem et mature perituram, si emptorem invenerit. »
tazniwt = propagande
aglam = privilege
Amenzad = commandant
Iseddagen[beddel]
- De Bello Iugurthino (s-tafransist)

robotstxt: allowed

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text:
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text:
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LEXYAL N KRIM VERQACEM
Teṣebḥit n 19 di Meɣres, ḥakrent wallen s igenni, nudant ɣef yitri anida yella. Neflent akkin i usigna n tatut , ddan d ubeḥri n ccuq , din di ccew ibededd lexyal-is . Udem-is icereg-d tignawt, s tmuɣli usuk tamurt yenuɣnin xemsin isagassen aya. Xas akken yuffa-d kra ur yerkid, nesma n ṛuḥ-is tassakid tafsut menbeɛḍ cceda i d-tenher cetwa s -ideflawen-is yesqujren tiga deg allaɣen n yemdanen. Tagnit teḥulfa s liqqa n tudert yuzlan deg iẓuran n yemɣan yefrawsen i wsulfu n yaqqaren n yiṭij id yehan ɣer yifarawen-nsen lḥamu. Din yekcem Ccna n tudert ɣer yal taxlijt, akkin ṣḍ n teḥdayin yemugren tafsut id yeflalin ihuz tassiwin n yiɣersiwen d yemɣan d yemdanen. Tanfust ɣabben leɛwam taflali-d deg uzmam n tira , tesneɛted belli kra iteddun, kra yedran yezdi yixef-is ɣer 19 agi di Meɣres acku assen i d- ukkin yisɣaren d waman seg ugersel deg iten-yegger lawan. Yuɣaled Krim Belqasem ɣer tarwa-s akken idim n tirugza yuzlan deg tafaka-s, ad yedhen ixulaf i d- yettlalen amer ad qazmen icqiriwen n zzman atrar iten -yegunin. Di lbeḍna, ixef umedyaz yemekta-d asefru :
Aɣ-nɣen yerna aɣ-semḥen
Akken ad d-ttali ciɛa –nsen
Assen jemɛen d iɣasen
Nnan-d n Krim Belqasem
Twallam i xedmen wussen
Ttcublen widen yemuten
Deg asqif n ṭmana yellan d “lalif“ n lhu, d amraḥ n lɛafya, d agni anda zdin lewqat, d tamugent ger yiḍeli akked d wass-a d uzekka i wakken kra n wayen niɣil yenger neɣ mazal ur d yelḥiq , ad yejbu imiren . Ad yerzu akken ad yawwi lmendad-is i yixfawen yeɛyan. Di lhejna n waktay ,braṛḥent wallen ɣef tafrara yifen yal tafrara. Dlant ɣef wass yifen yakk ussan, mlalent d tmuɣli n yizem n tiza, sefrant-d asirem i d -yettwahin i tasuta cihwa n tanfalit aten-yawwin deg ubrid yeṣawaḍen ɣer tezgi n tisas. Tsas s wacu ara rran lewɛara yessan deg abrid ɣer yimald tafasat. Tisas asen yeslamden lebɣi i d- ifetlen isufar s wacu ara qazmen yiḍaren iberden yettawin ɣer liser . Ma di lbeḍna, ihaj usefru:
I nurǧa deg ass-nni
Nɣil ṣṣwab ad yuɣal
Yal yiwen ad yemekti
Cwal at yernu laɛqal
Ded imi itt-yeḥkem ujehli
I neẓra ziɣen mazal
Iman n yal alles n yal tallest yuttuɣal d abeḥri yesirqisen tijawaqin n tudert neǧren ifassen n widen yejlan akkin i lemri n tmuɣli. Tijawaqin deg yuzel nnefs n widen yellan yidneɣ xas ur ten ttwali tmuɣli. Di tillawt irgazen am Krim werǧin jlan acku zedɣen amraḥ isuman ixef n yixef-nneɣ. Mi ten yectaq ad yedlu fell-asen wul, ad yegem seg ulawen-nsen leḥrara n umenuɣ ɣef isehra akked ugamir ( honneur et dignité). Ma di lbeḍna asefru simmal yettijiq:
Nurǧa ma d zwin takka
Ɣef ayen yakk i-iɛaden
Nɣil nmaqqer tura
Ur neḥwaj anwa aɣ yezuɣren
Tidet a nedlu fell-as ass-a
Seg-s ulac d acu ara sneqsen
Yeḍṣa zzman deg wayeḍ. Anda akken i d-yettwagzem ugeṭum n lḥaq i d-yettwenǧer ufurk n lbaṭel. Deg izenqen yeqwa zhir. Lḥir yeṭṭef afus i yemdanen yezuɣer-iten ɣer ugni n ustehzi. Ayen akken i d-yefda leɣla yiwen ur yedli fell-as. Ziɣ tella tmattent tella tayeḍ! Qqaren win yeqqes uzrem yettaggad aseɣwen. Agdud yettwaqsen deg yixef-is, yefka i lḥif azuɣer. Imi agadir yella, tucḍa teshel, yesmenyaf tiqulhatin ɣef tamusni, yesmenyaf timurṣad ɣef umebzan ( rationel), yesmenyaf timucuha yesganayen ɣef tidet yellan. Ur yelli d awezɣi ma Tikwal llan wid yettemnan s rmal ad zḍen amrar, neɣ s wufal ad wten uzal. Xas ulama gtent yehdumen di lbeḍna asfru yezuzufen yir asigna, werǧin yendim deg ayen yenna:
Tura riwaya tfuk
Yal wa temuɣli is- yefka
Ma d win iḥadqen icuk
Fell-as ur telli tufra
Ma ass- a d nutni i d- lmuluk
Cciṭan am nutni i yegga !
*Par Ait Slimane Hamid, 26 Mars 2012. texte de: DDK


text:
Aḍris-a d tukkist seg tullist « Tadukli » neɣ « tiwizi » n ummud n tullisin « Timsirin n yiḍ ». D aḍris asegzan, yeqqar-d amek i leqḍen Leqbayel azemmur-nsen. Ixeddim d ixeddim maca ssnen amek ara t-rren d urar neɣ d tamaɣra…
Alqaḍ n uzemmur
Azemmur-nni ha-t-an ires d tirect deg ufrag n lemɛinesra.
. D irgazen i yettalin ɣef tzemmrin ma d tilawin ẓẓewrent deg ulqaḍ n uzemmur n leqwaɛi.
Zerrin wussan d wayyuren, Leqbayel msakit ttnaɣen d lehmum n ddunit, tudert ur tettqili ara, tuɛer nezzeh, maca akken i qqaren: ittak Rebbi lhem i win i s-izemren.
Anebdu d win iɛeddan, tiẓurin d tbexsisin quccent, legruri n lexrif bdant-d, ifellaḥen ttheggin iman-nsen ad kerzen tamurt-nsen am yal aseggas.
Deg taggara n tmenzut akken qqaren i lexrif watmaten-nneɣ Icawiyen, imetti taqbaylit s umata tebges iman-is ɣer ulqaḍ n uzemmur. Aɣrum neɣ seksu ur nedhin ara s zzit n uzemmur mačči d učči. Tikkelt-a azemmur yurew ma d ilindi ulac maḍi. Akka i d-qqaren yimɣaren: Aseggas azemmur yettarew, aseggas-nniḍen xaṭi.
Alqaḍ n uzemmur d aɣbel n twacult merra, seg lṭufan i ggaren yimawlan-is daxel n teqfact, ttɛelliqen-tt ɣer ufurek n tzemmurt amzun d dduḥ ɣer umɣar yetterjujuyen ddaw n useklu mi ara iɛeddi ad icumm.
Tawacult tettnekkar-d zik, tettawi abrid n yiɣewdan am twaculin-nniḍen. Asemmiḍ n tnezzayt tikwal igezzem ifassen, allalen n yixeddim.
Imelqaḍen n uzemmur mi ara awḍen s ayla-nsen ssiɣiyen times akken ad ẓẓiẓnen acku yenɣa-ten fuccil d qajjar. Mi ara ten-iɛeddi uqraḥ-nni n usemmiḍ ad d-ssun icellafen ddaw n tzemmurt. D irgazen i yettalin ɣef tzemmrin akken ad d-ccerwen iɛeqqayen n uzemmur ɣer daxel n ucerraɛ neɣ ɣer yicellafen-nni i d-ssan, ma d tilawin ẓẓewrent deg ulqaḍ n uzemmur n leqwaɛi. Azemmur ma yurew ulac am ucraw-is, ma d kra kan n yiɛeqqayen i yettilin deg tseṭṭa, dɣa nzewwi-ten-id s umextaf.
Amɣar, d netta i bab n wayla amezwaru, ma mazal ɣur-s cwiṭ n tezmart ur isserkad ara iman-is, ha-t-an da iferres, ha-t-an dihin ileqqem iẓebbjan. Arrac xeddmen-tent akk, ttɛiwinen tilawin deg ulqad n leqwawi, kessen lmal neɣ ttandin tixeftin d tqellaɛin i yimerga d yiẓerẓar.Icellafen mi ara ččaren, ttarran azemmur-nni ɣer yiwen, akken i yeshel ufran-is, yeɛni tukksa n yiferrawen d yikeccaḍen. Azemmur yettwafernen ssurugen-t ɣer teqfacin simira ad t-rren s akurbu. Akurbu ma yeččur yettɛebbi-t uqyul qer lemɛinesra i d-iqerben. Tikwal, ilemẓiyen ssawaḍen alamma d kradet n ttɛbegat deg yiwen n wass. Tameddit, send ad yeɣli yiṭij, ttuɣalen-d yimelqaḍen s axxam, ttaǧǧan-n din icellafen d yisellumen, alamma ifukk uzemmur i ten-id-jemmɛen s axxam.
Arrac ttandin tixeftin..
Amruj, taxfet yeṭṭfen eeẓẓi
D tarrawt n uzemmur i yessiɣzzifen neɣ i yessiwzzilen akud n ulqaḍ-is. Imlan (10) n uzemmur ma walan yella lxir neccden-d iwaziwen ara ten-iɛiwnen. Iɣewdan merra rekmen seg leɛyaḍ d ccna, ad as-tiniḍ d tameɣra.Tikwal ma yella kra n yimelqaḍen fkan cwiṭ n lwi ɣef ulqaḍ, ur yettɛedday ara uzaylal ɣef yimawlan n uzemmur, ssekayen-ten-id s ccna-a:
Ay imelqaḍen
Rebbi ad ken-ihenni
Rnut-aɣ-d tirni
Alamma d agni.
Tarbaɛt-nni i yettwaqesden ad d-terr s ccna-nniḍen i tmezwarut:
Tekkat lgerra
Tekkat ɣef yinujal
A wid izeggin
Lqahwa d ufenǧal
D izen i ceyyɛen i bab n wayla ad d-iheggi lqahwa akken ad d-akin ma yebga ad ɛejlen deg ulqaḍ n uzemmur. Ma yella wwḍen ɣer lebgi-nsen,
Lqahwa-nni swan-tt ccna ara isel wumli d wa:
Tekkat lgerra
Tekkat ɣef uzezzu
A bab n uḥriq
Laɛyun n ufalku
Akka i ttɛeddayen wussan n uzemmur. Taggara n ulqaḍ-is tewweḍ-d.
Azemmur-nni ha-t-an ires d tirect deg ufrag n lemɛinesra. Mi ara d-taweḍ nnuba-s sɛeddayen-t ger yiguraf n tessirt ad d-iẓed, yettuɣal-d d zzit. Zzit n uzemmur d yiwen n usafar yettaken acbi ɣer uraɣ, d yiwen n ufaris ur nxeṭṭu ara učči n Uqbayli. Zzit dehnen yis-s, ttarran-t deg tal tagella, d ddwa n tussut diɣen. Win yeččan ssem, sswayen-as zzit n uzemmur itejji.
Ass amezwaru mi ara d-yaweḍ zzit n useggas, tilawin ttnawalent-d tiɣrifin neɣ tisfenǧtin, tuččit s tawant, zzit yugar ulac acuḥu.
Irden d temẓin ččuren ikufan, tazart deg teylutin ala nettat ma d zzit ha-t-an deg sin n yicbuyla itekkan deg yiwet n teɣmart n uxxam n lexzin. Axxam n Dda Meqqran ur ixuṣṣ ara, yerbeḥ.
Tasemhuyt n tegrest tɛedda, terna tin n tefsut, bdan wussan imenza n unebdu. Dda Meqqran yexdem yiwet n tmeɣra ara yeqqimen deg umezruy n taddart n Tɣalaḍt, yiwen ur-tt-itettu. Yewwi-d tislit i umenzu-ines Yidir, terkeb-d ɣef userdun amellal, telsa-d abernus diɣen d amellal akken ad imlulen wussan-is d wid n urgaz-is. Tewweḍ-d ɣer umnar n tewwurt n uxxam-is amaynut, tdegger urawen n waman d lfal i jemɛen warrac d teqcicin, tekcem s axxam n Yidir teṭṭef tasga. Tameddit n wass tiwaculin merra n taddart ttwaɛerḍent-d ad ččent seksu d uksum.
Tislit terkeb-d ɣef wayis….
Qasi, Mḥend, Leḥlu, Caɛban d yimeddukal n Yidir ussan-d d tirni ad s-srebḥen tissulya-ines (11). Tilawin kkatent urar, ceṭṭḥent, sbuɣurent deg ufrag n lḥara ma d irgazen deg ṭṭerha ḥman-tt s lbarud d yiḍebbalen. Tameɣra tɛedda deg lisser, tewwi-d ala tumert (12) i Dda Meqqran d twaculti-s. Azekka-nni yal yiwen yuɣal ɣer wayen yennum ixeddem-it.
Akkagi i tettidir tmetti taqbaylit zik, ma d tudert n tura, akken yeqqar Ccix Muḥend U Lḥusin: “Wa iɛab (ɛeggben-t), wa iɣab (nfan-t), wa yedda d yimejdab (ɛelfen-t)”, ta d taqṣiḍt-nniḍen…neɣ d tullist-nniḍen.


text:
►ferhat imazighen imula - hommage à hachemi bellali ⵣ
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HOMMAGE AU MUSICIEN HACHEMI BELLALI
Izlan, culture, amazigh,kabyle, berbere, afrique, afrika,jsk, dz, chaoui, touareg, bylka, bejaia, tizi, ouzou, algerie, rai, yal ,matoub, lounes idir takfarinas ait menguellet beur fm tv kabylie cheb jsmb brtv maghreb oriental dzayer dilem bouteflika mak gpk fis akbou tafsut gnawa imazighen rif chleuh setif fellag constantine oran barbes paris usma chaabi algerois mandole rcd maroc tunisie israel juif bgayet afous cirta baaziz ziani louiza mcb mob tamazight tamazgha djurdjura gouraya musulman chretien entv chawi arabe musulman hallal afrique mossad France numidie art
Izlan, culture, amazigh,kabyle, berbere, afrique, afrika,jsk, dz, chaoui, touareg, bylka, bejaia, tizi, ouzou, algerie, rai, yal ,matoub, lounes idir takfarinas ait menguellet beur fm tv kabylie cheb jsmb brtv maghreb oriental dzayer dilem bouteflika mak gpk fis akbou tafsut gnawa imazighen rif chleuh setif fellag constantine oran barbes paris usma chaabi algerois mandole rcd maroc tunisie israel juif bgayet afous cirta baaziz ziani louiza mcb mob tamazight tamazgha djurdjura gouraya musulman chretien entv chawi arabe musulman hallal afrique mossad France numidie art


text:
Yennayer
Yennayer
Yennayer, amkus n Isragen inesbuɣar aṭas n Duc de Berry (ɣer 1410-1416), asalay Condé, Chantilly, Fransa ms.65, f.1.
Yennayer (neɣ nnayer) d ayyur amezwaru n useggas. Deg-s 31 wussan. Isem-is yekka seg tlatinit Ianuarius, ayyur anda llan leɛwacer n yakuc Ianus (isem-is seg ianua "tawwurt"). Yanus yesɛa sin wudmawen : yiwen yeskaden ɣer deffir (ar useggas i d-iɛeddan), wayeḍ yeskaden ɣer zdat (ar useggas amaynut).
Yennayer s te maziɣt yen akk d ayyur, anamek is ayyur amenzu. yennayer d'ayyur amenzu daɣen d'ass amezwaru n we seggas anda i maziɣen ttmagaren't s te meɣra.
Ayen yeḍran[beddel]
Wid ilulen[beddel]
Wid Immuten[beddel]
Leɛwacer[beddel]
Ẓer daɣen Yennayer agellid n wayyuren


text:
►agraw 82's - moderne kabyle
4xi6r
chant : boudjemaa agraw et takfarinas
basse : hachemi bellali
batterie - percussion et clavier : arezki baroudi
flûtes : idir - hamid cheriet
guitare : boudjemaa agraw
mandole : takfarinas
amazigh kabyle berbere afrique afrika jsk dz chaoui touareg bylka bejaia tizi ouzou algerie rai yal matoub lounes idir takfarinas ait menguellet beur fm tv kabylie cheb jsmb brtv maghreb oriental dzayer bouteflika mak gpk fis akbou tafsut gnawa imazighen rif chleuh setif constantine oran barbes paris usma chaabi mandole rcd maroc tunisie israel juif bgayet afous cirta baaziz ziani louiza mcb mob tamazight tamazgha djurdjura gouraya musulman chretien entv chawi arabe musulman hallal afrique mossad France
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À ne pas manquer


text:
Alger Républicain
Alger Républicain d aɣmis ayallas ay d-sbedden Pascal Pia ed Paul Schmitt deg Ldzayer, deg 1938.
Tallalit[beddel]
Aɣmis-a n uzelmaḍ llan qeddcen deg-s aṭas n Yidzayriyen. Gar Tuber n 1939 ed Furar n 1943, yettwagdel (yettwamneɛ) weɣmis-a, sakkin, asmi ay d-yeqqel ɣer tuffɣa, yeqqel d aɣmis asduklan (communiste).
Deg wemgarru n Dzayer[beddel]
Deg Ctember n 1955, imi ay yebded ɣer yidis n Yidzayriyen ay yellan ttnaɣen ɣef uzarug (indépendance) n tmurt-nsen), aɣmis-a yettwagdel tikkelt niḍen, yerna aṭas seg wid ay iqeddcen deg-s ttwaṭṭfen (am unemhal-nnes, Henri Alleg), neɣ ttwenɣen, am Henri Maillot, Georges Rafini, Ɛemar Xaluf, Ɛabdelqader Benaɛmara, Murad At Saɛda ed Abdelkader Choukhal. Deg 17 Yulyu 1962 (sdeffir ma tuwey Ldzayer azarug-nnes), Alger Républicain yeqqel-d ɣer tuffɣa, yerna yeqqel d netta ay d aɣmis adzayri ay d-yessuffuɣen amḍan ameqran akk n tsukan (exemplaires) (75.000 yal ass).
Sakkin uzarug[beddel]
S waya, Alger Républicain yella yugar aɣmis n Le Peuple (n Terni n Weslelli Aɣelnaw). Deg 1964, imḍebbren n Alger Républicain qeblen ad rren aɣmis-nsen d win n Terni n Weslelli Aɣelnaw, sakkin, deg 1965, sdeffir ma tella-d tuttya-nni taserdasit aydeg Hewwari Bumedyen yesseɣli Ḥmed Ben Bella, anabaḍ adzayri yesdukkel iɣmisen n Alger Républicain ed Le Peuple yerna yerra-ten d yiwen n weɣmis umi isemma El Moudjahid. Sdeffir tedyanin n Tuber 1988, Alger Républicain yeqqel-d ɣer tuffɣa, maca ɣef ljal n wuguren ay d-yemlal, yeḥbes deg 1994. Seg yimir-nni, yeqqel itteffeɣ-d seg-a ɣer da, tikkal yal dduṛt, tikkal yal ayyur, ɣas akken mazal yesɛa uguren. Albert Camus ed Kateb Yasin seg wid ay d-yuran imagraden deg weɣmis-a.


text:
►cherif kheddam - l'ultime live ⵣ
4zhvp
cherif kheddam accompagné par l'orchestre symphonique d'alger sous la direction de nachid bradai
batterie arezki baroudi
mandole allaoua behlouli....
violon amine chafai.....
chorale : taleb tahar, alilou, karim yeddou --sana ...
production tahar boudjellil
amazigh kabyle berbere jsk dz chaoui touareg bylka bejaia
tizi ouzou algerie rai yal matoub lounes idir takfarinas ait menguellet beur fm tv kabylie cheb jsmb brtv maghreb oriental dzayer bouteflika mak gpk fis akbou tafsut gnawa imazighen rif chleuh setif constantine oran barbes paris usma chaabi oud mandole rcd maroc tunisie israel juif bgayet afous cirta baaziz ziani louiza mcb mob tamazight tamazgha djurdjura gouraya musulman chretien entv chawi arabe musulman hallal afrique mossad France
Signaler la vidéo
foot
, tube
, france
, dance
, afrique
, mix
, reggae
, floor
, rai
, oran
, brazil
, arabe
, argentina
, tanger
, allaoui
, dzayer
, twiza
À ne pas manquer


text:
ABBANI Hacene au canada "intas"
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ABBANI Hacene. yenayer 2011 au Canada. agouni gueghrane. slimane azem. matoub lounes. idir. takfarinas. mohamed allaoua. dahak. oujrih. makhlouf. ait hamid. moumouh. brtv. berbere. kabyle. kabylie. jsk. ffs. rcd. tizi-ouzou. bouira. bedjaia. algerie. dj. beur fm. beur tv. massi. guerbas. said youcef. ait menguelet. lhesnaoui. paris. cherif khedam. alilou. youcef abdjaoui. zeddek mouloud. yasmina. malika domrane. hamidouche. rahim. fahem. aldjia. taous. hnifa. taous amrouche. kamel hamadi. tharouihth. yahyatene. cherif hamani. idebalen. tamaghra. bylka. imazighen. azul. association. acbf. ideflawen.ferhat imazighen imula.mak.adrar. dz musique.


text:
Tadmayt
Tadmayt (isem-is nni aqdim aṛumi Camp-du-Maréchal) d taɣiwant n tawilayt n Tizi Uzzu, di Tamurt Taqbaylit, tella ar 18 km deg umalu n Tizi Uzzu dɣa ar 115 km deg ugmuḍ n Zzayer.
Amezruy[beddel]
Tarakalt[beddel]
Asideg[beddel]
Taɣiwant n Tadmayt tella deg umalu n twilayt n Tizi Uzzu.
Tudrin[beddel]
Llant 21 n tuddar di tɣiwant n Tadmayt :
- Aɛfir
- Agni Ɛamruc
- At Xerca
- At Ḥemmu
- At Maɛmar
- At Warzeddin
- At Si Aɛmar
- At Saɛda
- At Sidi Smaɛil
- Aɛzib Iɣerbiyen
- Buzuyen
- El Meday
- Iḥiḍuṣen
- Icakalen
- Iɣerbiyen
- Kaf Leɛgab
- Tageruct
- Tala Malek
- Tizi N Waddu
- Tleta
- Yanene
Tatupunymit[beddel]
Tadmayt s tmaziɣt anamek ines d tidikelt (neɣ tawsit n wufus), lamaɛna yesɛa anamek nniḍen : "tazdayt-takeḍwant", yuɣ lḥal adeg-aɣella n tɣiwant d azaɣar i zemren ad yili yegelgel (ingayen deg iseggwasen 1970 ar 80) anda yetɛeddi Asif n Sabaw. Daɣen Tadmayt tettwezzi s idurar, ayen yettak as timeẓri agi am tawsit n wufus.
Muqel Daɣen[beddel]
- ↑ Évolution intercensitaire de la population sur le site de la wilaya de Tizi Ouzou. Consulté le 25/02/2011


text:
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Catégories
Méta
Archives de l’auteur : aghucaf
Alqaḍ n uzemmur
Aḍris-a d tukkist seg tullist « Tadukli » neɣ « tiwizi » n ummud n tullisin « Timsirin n yiḍ ». D aḍris asegzan, yeqqar-d amek i leqḍen Leqbayel azemmur-nsen. Ixeddim d ixeddim maca ssnen amek ara t-rren d urar neɣ d tamaɣra… Alqaḍ n uzemmur … Continuer la lecture
Tazemmurt
Tazemmurt Tazemmurt d-yecfan leqrun Gren-tt deg lkanun Asɣar-is iruḥ d iɣed Bɣan isem-is ad t-ɣbun Acḥal ad t-yettun Deg (u)ẓekka asmi ad issenned Deg (yi)ẓuran-is la ttruẓun D ddellaɛ i teẓẓun D winna i bɣan ad yebded. Akal yettru mi … Continuer la lecture
Takessawt
Aḍris-a d tukkist seg tullist « Tadukli » i d-yeddan deg ummud n tullisin « Timsirin n yiḍ » n Malek HOUD. Tayessawt Ajemmaɛ n lmal n taddart n Tɣalaḍt meqqer, d aqḍar. Yal axxam yekki deg-s s yiwen n yixef neɣ ugar. … Continuer la lecture
Tawenza-w
Tawenza-w (De)g twenza-w Rebbi yura (De)g wass-is n zɛaf yufa-iyi Ur tufiḍ d acu i yeǧǧa Deg lemrar d lemḥani (Se)g yimiren ur d-isteqsa Yedha d wiyiḍ yeǧǧa-iyi A Rebbi acimi akka? Tawenza-w merra terka Acimi a … Continuer la lecture
Tilelliyin
Tilelliyin Tilelliyin deg Lezzayer Kerrint seg wass ɣer wass Tamurt tteddu ad tezzer Aluḍ yewweḍ-as-d ɣer wammas Asmi ad teɛreḍ ad tekker Ad taɣ tiyita ɣer lsas Undin tafdult i wawal Keblen-t, degren-t ɣer tesraft Ttnadin ad … Continuer la lecture
Publié dans Uncategorized Marqué avec rray, Tamurt Laisser un commentaire
At icegraḍ
At icegraḍ Ssegmet icegraḍ ternum Tzedɣem leqsur n Spenwul Mi ddunit fell-awen tdum Ɛebbit ɣef ugdud aɣyul Ugadeɣ ad d-temmagrem amcum Ur ngiren ahat lefḥul S tidi yeɣreq uxeddam Yectaq yiggas n usteɛfu S tarwa-s ur … Continuer la lecture
Publié dans Uncategorized 3 commentaires
Ccix Nurdin
Ccix Nurdin D netta i yerẓan asalu Taqbaylit ɣur-s awal Issekcem-itt ɣer rradyu Ad d-tenṭeq ad tessawal S wayen-nniḍen la d-tgellu I s-yettimɣuren d azal Meẓyan imiren meẓẓi Yecna “Allo trisiti” Awal-is ẓid … Continuer la lecture


text:
Umuɣ n iseqdacen urmiden
Wagi d umuɣ n iseqdacen yexedmen armud deg 30 ussan agi ineggura.
Tetwaliḍ lqem n usebter agi yellan deg tazarkatut, lqem agi yezmer ad i sɛu alama d 0 tasint.
- Badees Gazal (Mmeslay | tikkin) [1 tigawt deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- CommonsDelinker (Mmeslay | tikkin) [2 tigawin deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- EROY (Mmeslay | tikkin) [1 tigawt deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Faolin42 (Mmeslay | tikkin) [6 tigawin deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Haji doliskani (Mmeslay | tikkin) [1 tigawt deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- JurgenNL (Mmeslay | tikkin) [1 tigawt deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Leftcry (Mmeslay | tikkin) [1 tigawt deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Ludwigzhou (Mmeslay | tikkin) [1 tigawt deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- MF-Warburg (Mmeslay | tikkin) [5 tigawin deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- MediaWiki message delivery (Mmeslay | tikkin) (aṛubut) [2 tigawin deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Mouh2jijel (Mmeslay | tikkin) [1 tigawt deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Pathoschild (Mmeslay | tikkin) [5 tigawin deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Pratyya Ghosh (Mmeslay | tikkin) [1 tigawt deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Rotlink (Mmeslay | tikkin) [5 tigawin deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Xaris333 (Mmeslay | tikkin) [3 tigawin deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Yosri (Mmeslay | tikkin) [1 tigawt deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Zubule (Mmeslay | tikkin) [1 tigawt deg 30 ussan ineggura]


text:
Sidi Slimane maps
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No results found.
Administrative divisions
Sidi Slimane neighbours
Alternate names of Sidi Slimane
Sidi Slamain, Sidi Sliman
Related places
Click the links to locate on map.Sidi Slimane (Morocco), Zaouia Sidi Slimane (Morocco), Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Slimane (Morocco), Ouled Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Teniet Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Pointe Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Oued Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Oued Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Mkam Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Koudiat Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Khelidj Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Hammam Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Hadjerat Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Gassi Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Daïet Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Aïn Sidi Slimane (Algeria), 'Aïn Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Djebbana Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Slimane (Morocco), Hammar Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Ali Bou Slimane (Morocco), Oued Sidi Slîmâne (Algeria), Ouled Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Douar Slîmâne (Algeria), Sidi Slimane (Morocco), Dayet Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Rekab Sidi Mohammed Ben Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Ahmed Ben Slimane (Algeria), Commune d' Ouled Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Aïn Sidi Slimane (Morocco), SIDI SLIMANE (Morocco), Bled Sidi Bou Slimane (Morocco), Dar Sidi Slimane (Morocco), Aït Sidi Slimane (Morocco), Aïn Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Oued Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Aïn Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Oued Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Bettache (Morocco), Awlād Sulaymān (Tunisia), Sidi Slimane (Morocco), Sidi Slimane (Morocco), Dar Sidi Slimane (Morocco), Awlād Sulaymān (Tunisia), Sidi Hassine Bou Slimane (Tunisia), Sīdī Sulaymān (Tunisia), Sidi Slimâne (Algeria), Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Slîmâne (Algeria), Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Slîmâne (Algeria), Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Slîmâne (Algeria), Sidi Slimane Bedja (Algeria), Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Bou Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Slimane (Morocco), Sidi Slîmâne (Algeria), Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Slimane (Tunisia), Sidi Slimane (Morocco), Sîdî Slimane Ben 'Issa (Algeria), Sidi Slimane Bou Smaha (Algeria), Sidi Slimane Bou Smaha (Algeria), Sidi Slimane Ben Bou Smaha (Algeria), Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Mohammed Ben Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Mohammed Ben Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Guenndouz Ben Slimane (Algeria), Sidi Ali Ou Slimane (Algeria), Mkam Sidi Slimane Bou Smaha (Algeria), Sidi Slimane Mart (Morocco), Sidi Slimane (Morocco), Sidi Slimane (Morocco), Sidi Slimane (Morocco), Sidi Slimane (Morocco), Sidi Slimane (Morocco), Sidi Slimane (Morocco), Sidi Slimane (Morocco), Sidi Slimane (Morocco), Sidi Slimane (Morocco), Sidi Slimane (Morocco), Sidi Slimane (Morocco), Sidi Slimane (Morocco), Sidi Ben Slimane (Morocco), Sidi Ahmed Slimane (Morocco),


text:
Tisṭunit
Tisṭunit d nettat ay d tutlayt tamenṣabt n tegduda n Isṭunya yernu llan wazal 1.500.000 n yemdanen ay tt-yettmeslayen di tmurt-a (95% seg yimezdaɣen n tmurt) d wazal n 60.000 n yemdanen nniḍen ay yettidiren di lɣerba, gar-asen 20.000 deg Yiwunak Yedduklen (USA) d 14.500 di Kanada. Tisṭunit tesɛa diɣ wid ay tt-yettmeslayen di Litṭunya akk d Rusya, ladɣa di temdint n Saint Petersburg, di Finland, di Sswid, di Tgeldit Yedduklen (Royaume-Uni) akk d Ustṛalya.
Agbur
Tawacult-is[beddel]
Tutlayt tisṭunit d yiwet si tutlayin tuṛaliyin. Tawacult n tutlayin tuṛaliyin d tin yebḍan ɣef wacḥal n yifurka, yiwen deg-sent d win umi qqaren tutlayin tifinubaltiyin, yernu deg-s ay tella tisṭunit. Yiwet si tutlayin ay tt-icuban aṭas d tutlayt tafinlandit ay ttmeslayen di Finland, yernu tella diɣ yiwet n tutlayt, tamjaṛit (hongrois) ay ttmeslayen di Tuṛuft tagmuḍant (tacerqit), teqreb ɣer tisṭunit imi ula d nettat tettekka di twacult n tutlayin tuṛaliyin. Yuɣ lḥal, llan kra ay iɣilen d akken imi ay tettuneḥsab Isṭunya d yiwet si tmura tibaltiyin (d tamurt ay d-yuzgan rrif n yilel -lebḥeṛ- Abalti), dɣa ula d tutlayt-is tetbeɛ ɣer twacult n tutlayin tibaltiyin, am tlitwanit akk d tlitṭunit (siked utṭun wis 3 n Tebrat n Yimedyazen), d acu kan, xas Isṭunya teqreb ɣer Litwanya akk d Litṭunya, tutlayt-is ur tcuba tid n tmura-yagi wanag teqreb ugar ɣer tfinlandit. Yuɣ lḥal, seg wakken tettemcabi tisṭunit ɣer tfinlandit alammi ula d wid ay tent-yettmeslayen zemren ad msefhamen wagar-asen, yernu snat-agi n tutlayin cerkent azal n 83.5 % seg umawal-nsen. Tutlayin nniḍen yettemcabin aṭas ɣer tisṭunit d tid ay itebɛen, am nettat, s afurk n tutlayin tifinubaltiyin am tkaṛilit (ay ttmeslayen wazal n 10.000 n yemdanen deg Ugafa utrim -nord-ouest- n Rusya), akk d kra n tutlayin ayen yellan ɣef yiri n nnger am tingrit, talivunit akk d tvultit, yernu seg wakken yeshel wemsefham ger n tutlayin-agi alammi ay llan ula d kra n yimassanen ay tent-yettwalin d tintalyin n yiwet kan n tutlayt.
Tintalyin n tisṭunit[beddel]
Tisṭunit tebḍa ɣef snat n tentalyin (dialecte) timeqqranin, tisṭunit n Ugafa (nord, neɣ tin umi qqaren tisṭunit n Talinn, tamaneɣt), akk d tisṭunit n Wenẓul (sud, neɣ diɣ tin umi qqaren tisṭunit n Tartu), am wakken yal yiwet si tentalyin-agi tesɛɛa tiduntalyin-is (sous-dialectes), nezmer ad d-nebder seg-sent tiduntalyin timulgiyin ay ttmeslayen deg wenẓul utrim (sud-ouest) akk d tduntalyin n Voru Setu ay ttmeslayen deg wenẓul agmuḍan (sud-est). Ma d tisṭunit n ugafa, nezmer diɣ ad tt-nebḍu d tiduntalyin u ad d-nebder seg-sent : taduntala n tegzirin, d tisṭunit ay ttmeslayen di tegzirin n Saaremaa akk d Hiiumaa, ay d-yuzgan deg utaram n Isṭunya, deg yilel Abalti; taduntala n yiri n lebḥeṛ n ugafa-agmuḍan ay icuban mliḥ tafinlandit; takodaveret ay ttmeslayen di tmiwa n Kodavere akk d Maarja Magdaleena, akk d tduntala tutrimt (taɣerbit) ay ttmeslayen deg yiwen n weḥric meqqren di tmurt, yekka-d ɣef tmiwa n Laanemaa, ɣef ugafa n Parnumaa akk d utaram n Harjumaa. Xas ma yella anect-agi akk n tentalyin ay tesɛa tisṭunit, maca yezmer ad d-yili wemsefham s tentalyin-agi merṛa ger n wid ay yettmeslayen tisṭunit.
Tutlayt tizeɣt (standard) akk d tsekla ay tesseqdac ass-a Isṭunya d tin ay d-yekkan si tentala n tisṭunit n ugafa, d acu kan, tisṭunit n wenẓul tesɛa diɣ ula d nettat tasekla tatlayt (littérature orale), d tamedyazt, ay yesɛan ma cwiṭ, 350 n yiseggasen seg wasmi ay d-tennulfa.
Tira-s[beddel]
Tikkelt tamenzut i deg ay tekcem tisṭunit s annar n tira, d imassanen almaniyen ay tt-yuran, dɣa taɣdirawt (orthographe) ay sqedcen wigi i lmend n tira-s d tin ay iqerben ɣer teɣdirawt n talmanit u ɣef wanect-a ay d-yeqqim wedriz (lateṛ) n tira talmaniyin di tid n tisṭunit alammi d talemmast n lqern wis 19. Si 1850 d asawen ay bdan Yisṭuniyen a snernayen taɣdirawt-nsen akken ad tt-rren d tizeɣt (standard), dɣa bdan tekksen s kra n wayen yellan d aberṛani di tirawt-nsen (écriture) u ttaran-d deg wemkan-is isekkilen ara ten-yedǧen ad d-neṭqen tutlayt-nsen akken tt-id-netṭqen di laṣel, maci akken tt-id-inetṭeq uberṛani. Agemmay ay tesseqdac ass-a tisṭunit yesɛa 17 n tergalin (consonnes) akk d 9 n teɣra (voyelles).
Tasɣent-is* di tmetti[beddel]
Ass-a, tuɣal tisṭunit tizeɣt d nettat ay d tutlayt ay yettuseqdacen yernu ay yettwaqeblen deg yeswiren (niveaux) merṛa n tmetti. D acu kan, asmi ay tella Isṭunya s ddaw n udabu asuvyati, d tarusit ay yellan d tutlayt tamenṣabt tawḥidt yernu ɛerḍen Yisuvyatiyen ad mḥun tisṭunit akk d yedles isṭuni si tmurt-a, maca ayen ɛerḍen ad t-xedmen ur d-yewwi ara abaɣur meqqren, imi ay kemmlen medden ttmeslayen tisṭunit yernu lemmden-tt di tmiwa merṛa n tegduda, yernu igerdan ay d-ilulen si jjwaǧ n Yisṭuniyen akk d Yirusiyen llan ula d nitni lemmden tisṭunit. Di 1990, yessebded-d unabaḍ isṭuni Aseqqamu n Tutlayt Taɣelnawt i lmend n weḥraz akk d ussebɣes (encouragement) n usseqdec n tutlayt tisṭunit. Ass-a, xas ma yella tarusit mazal tesɛa azal-is di tmurt-a yernu nezmer ad d-nini tettusemma d "tutlayt tamenṣabt" tis snat, tisṭunit attan a tettuselmad yernu tettuseqdac deg yiɣerbazen yernu win yebɣan ad yuɣal d aɣarim (citoyen) isṭuni tewwi-d fell-as ad yissin tutlayt-a. Deg ugafa agmuḍan (nord-est) n tmurt, anda yettidir umur ameqqran akk deg Yirusiyen n Isṭunya, mazal llan yiɣerbazen irusiyen, d acu kan, maci d ahucal (obligatoire) ɣef medden ad sseɣren igerdan-nsen deg-sen. Tisṭunit ay ttmeslayen yiminigen Isṭuniyen di lɣerba --d tisṭunit ay llan ttmeslayen-tt yeɣriben iṛuḥen ɣer Marikan di tallit n Wemgaru Amaḍlan (guerre mondiale) wis sin-- temxallaf citṭ ɣef tisṭunit tizeɣt yettuseqdacen ass-a di tmurt, maca mazal wid yettmeslayen tisṭunit di lɣerba zemren ad fehmen wid ay tt-yettmeslayen di tmurt. D acu kan, ilaq kan ad d-nger tamawt d akken kra seg wayen ay d-uran yeɣriben s tisṭunit yemxallaf ɣef wayen d-ttarun ass-a wid yellan di tmurt, imi tutlayt ay llan ttarun-tt zik di lɣerba amzun iɛedda-tt zzman ass-a, mi akka ay snernan Yisṭuniyen tutlayt-nsen di tmurt-nsen.
Amezruy-is[beddel]
Ar ass-a werɛad ur ẓrin ara yimassanen melmi ay d-frurint tutlayin tifinubaltiyin (gar-asent tisṭunit) seg tutlayt tajaddit ay tent-id-yefkan, d acu kan, ass-a sɛan kra n yisallen ɣef temlilti ay mlalent tutlayin-a akk d tutlayin nniḍen deg umezruy. Ifinubaltiyen bdan ttemlilin d yegduden ijirmaniyen (lejdud n Walmaniyen n wass-a) si lqern amenzu n Sidna Aisa, yernu anect-a yedǧa aṭas n wawalen ijirmaniyen ad d-kecmen tutlayt-nsen u ad d-qqimen ar ass-a di tisṭunit. Sakin, di lqern wis sebɛa n Sidna Aisa, bdan diɣ ttemlilin Yifinubaltiyen akk d Yeslaviyen (lejdud n Yirusiyen n wass-a) yernu seg yimir-n ay bdan keccmen-ten-id diɣ wawalen islaviyen. Alammi d 1520 ay d-uran Yisṭuniyen iḍrisen-nsen imenza s tisṭunit, d win umi semman "Ddeɛwat n Kullamaa", yernu di tezwara n lqern wis sbeɛṭac, bdant a d-teffɣent tjerṛumin (grammaires) timezwura n tisṭunit. Xas ma yella anẓul n Isṭunya yesɛa yiwet n tsekla n yisefra d tanesbaɣurt (tameṛkantit) maci d kra, tasekla-ya ur tt-urin ara alammi d talemmast n lqern wis tseɛṭac.
Di tazwara n lqern wis tseɛṭac akk d tlemmast-is ay tebda diɣ a d-tettlal tutlayt tisṭunit tatrart (moderne) di tira, imi tallit-a tella-d d tin i deg thenna tmurt yernu tebda a d-tettlal tɣelnaẓrit (nationalisme) deg wulawen n Yisṭuniyen. Tiddukla Tisṭunit n Wid Yeɣran, ay d-sbedden di 1838, tessuffeɣ-d aṭas n yedlisen akk d tsufiɣin (publications) nniḍen, gar-asen(t) Kalevipoeg, d yiwet n telkensit (collection) n yedlisen n yisefra iɣerfanen (populaires) ay d-yeffɣen ger n 1857 d 1861. Di tallit-nni daɣen ay d-ffɣen yeɣmisen imenza n tutlayt tisṭunit, nezmer ad d-nebder gar-asen "Perno Postimees", ay d-yeffɣen ger n yiseggasen n 1857 d 1863, akk d "Tartu Postimees" ay d-yeffɣen si 1864 alammi d 1880.
Yuɣ lḥal di tallit-nni, d Rusya ay yellan teḥkem Isṭunya yernu ahat d leqdic-nni ay bdan xeddmen-t Yisṭuniyen imir-n akken ad d-ssidren tutlayt-nsen ay yedǧan Irusiyen ad rren tarusit d tutlayt tamenṣabt (officielle) n usselmed di Isṭunya. D acu kan, ur tɛetṭel ara tennulfa-d terbaɛt nniḍen n yimura isṭuniyen, di tezwara n lqern wis ɛecrin, d tin umi semman "Noor Eesti" neɣ tarbaɛt n "Isṭunya Tilemẓit", yernu kemmlen leqdic i lmend n wesnerni akk d usseǧhed n tutlayt-nsen taseklant (littéraire). Dɣa uɣalen yimura isṭuniyen tekksen s kra n wayen yellan d arusi neɣ d almani si tutlayt-nsen u ttnadin ad d-ssidren deg-s ayen yellan d-yekkan si tisṭunit taneṣlit, am wakken ay rran tasekla tafinlandit akk d tin n Tuṛuft n Wetram (lɣerb) d tiliwa i seg ay d-ttagment tikta-nsen (idées). Imura-yagi yecban Johannes Aavik, snernan mliḥ tamawalt (léxique) n tutlayt tisṭunit, dɣa skeflen-d awalen isṭuniyen ineṣliyen ay d-mazal ddren di tentalyin (dialectes) yemxallafen n tmurt, reḍlen-d diɣ awalen si tfinlandit ay icuban mliḥ tisṭunit, am wakken ay d-snulfan iẓuran imaynuten i seg zemren ad d-ssuddmen awalen. Di 1920, asmi ay tewwi Isṭunya azarug-is (indépendance) amenzu, tegra-yas-d tegnit n liser i tutlayt tisṭunit, d acu kan, di 1940, asmi ay d-kecmen Yisuvatiyen tamurt, qedcen yineggura-yagi ɣef wamek ara mḥun tisṭunit u ad d-ḥettmen deg wemkan-is tutlayt tarusit ay ttwalin imir-n d nettat kan ara yesduklen akk igduden isuvyatiyen. Teqqim tegnit-agi alammi d 1990, asmi ay tuɣal tisṭunit i tikkelt nniḍen d tutlayt taɣelnawt di tmurt-is. Ass-a, mbeɛd ɛecṛa n yiseggasen n wussisen (efforts), tuɣal tisṭunit d tutlayt ay tfehhem tuget deg yimezdaɣen n Isṭunya, yernu yis-s ay tesselḥay tmurt-agi tamecṭuḥt tiɣawsiwin-is.
Asefru si tsekla tisṭunit[beddel]
Wagi d yiwen n usefru si tsekla tisṭunit, tura-t-id Lydia Koidula (1843-1886), d yiwet n tmedyazt n tmurt-a. Tasuqilt sɣur "Winna", si Luxembourg.
- Aṭas ay riɣ tamurt-iw
- Fkiɣ-as ula d ul-iw
- I kemm ay cennuɣ
- D kemm ay d tinzert-iw
- Isṭunya deg d-mɣin yijedǧigen
- Ideddicen-im ḥulfeɣ-asen deg yiman-iw
- Mi tgerrzeḍ gerrzeɣ, lferḥ-inem d lfeṛḥ-iw
- Uh a tamurt-iw !
- A tamurt-iw ihhuskin, riɣ-kem
- Xsiɣ ad gneɣ yid-m
- Ad i-yawi yiḍes s iri-m
- Isṭunia-yinu yeḥerz Yillew
- Ifrax-im cennun-iyi-d
- Ijedǧigen-im meqqin-d deg-i
- Uh a tamurt-iw !


text:
Tunes
Tezga-d tmurt n Tunes (s teɛrabt تونس) g Tefriqt n ugafa tamanaɣt ines isem-is daɣen Tunes tamanaɣt, tesɛa talast akw d tmurt n Lezzayer (Dzzayer) g ama ataram, d tmurt n Libya g ama amalu, ilel Agrakal s umalu, d ugafa, 40% n tmurt-is d Ṣṣaḥra, ameslay amensawi n tmurt n Tunes d tutlayt taɛrabt, lamaena, llan kra n tudrin anda ttmeslayen s tmaziɣt g wenzul.
Dinna daɣen y yella Dduḥ n tɣerma taqerṭajt g timdi tis 3 uqbel tlalit n Ɛisa.
Tewwi-d tilelli ines ass n yella isem-is tagelda n Tunes, seg imir ass n 25 Yulyu 1957 tbeddel isem-is d tsertit-is, yeql-ed isem-is Tagduda tatunsit.
Agbur
Tarakalt[beddel]
Iɣerman (Timdinin)[beddel]
- Tunes tamaneɣt
- Susa
- Qayrawan
- Sidi Bu Saɛid
- Ḥemmam Susa
- Bejja
- Tabarka
- Sfaqs
- Benzert
- Gabes
Amezruy[beddel]
Tunes amezruy nes mitɛlleq s imazighen,di qdim zman d imaziɣen ḥekmen di Tunes yerna deg tunes llan Iqabsiyen d imezwura n imaziɣen ,d iɣellaten imeqqranen Imaziɣen fɣen seg Tunes am Massnsen, Hannabaal, Dunatus, Aksil,Dihya, U Ɛerfa (Ibn Âarfa), U Seḥnun, Iziriyen, Iḥafsiyen, Ɛli Ben Ɣeḍehem... D Tunes isem-ines d Amaziɣ yusa seg yensa d tunes d amken anda ensen iqarṭajiyen qbal ass elli fɣen deg-s bec ddan zdaxel Tamazɣa.
Tadimugṛafit[beddel]
ImaziYen di tunes[beddel]
Di Tunes llan imaziYen , d lâdad nsen 168 igmimen di tutlayt d 6,5 imelyan di lɛireq ḥasseb test adn, d gar 800 igmimen d 1 miliun ssnen sawalen s tmaziYt. Tawssna tamaziYt di tunes tella,maca ur llant tidduklin n ImaziYen n Tunes d tella lbideya n lwaɛy af tamaziYt di tamurt tagi.
Tagzirit n Ǧerba,iYrmen n Maṭmaṭa,iYrmen n Sened, Tameɣza, Cninni, Dwiret, Amekraḍ n Yezwawen (Zwawa) (Zriba, Takruna, Jradu), Idurar n Xmir, Icawiyen n Lgasrin d aṭas iYermen de tsawal s tmaziYt ar ass-a.
Di tunes ula aṭas tiqbaylin Yur-sent aẓar amaziY am Wlad Jlass, Wlad Ɛayr, Lefracic, At Majer, Sewsi, Wlad Xmir, Iwerɣemmen (Werɣemma), Nefzewa (Inefzawen), Amdun, Wlad Ɛun.
Tira d timselɣa[beddel]
Tira[beddel]
Timselɣa[beddel]
- ↑ Articles 1 à 17 de la Constitution tunisienne de 1959 (Jurisite Tunisie)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 (en) Isefka ɣef Tunes (CIA World Factbook)
- ↑ Arthur Remion, « Amatar n taneflit talsant 2014 : deg uqerru n Tafriqt n Ugafa, Tamurt n Tunes terbeḥ 4 imukan dɣa tgwed ar usertatu amaḍlan wis90 », Al Huffington Post, 26 yulyu 2014
- ↑ Welid Naffati, « Tunisie : Feu vert à l’ATI pour gérer le .tounes », Tekiano, 12 ɣuct 2010


text:
Isaac Newton
Newton sir Isaac ilul ass n 25 dujember 1642 di temdint Woolsthorpe (tamurt n Legliz), mi zrin sin wagguren ɣef tmettant n baba-s. Yemma-s Hannah teǧǧa-t i jidda-s ad t-id-tessker.
Newton ikfa taɣuri-ines tamezwarut di Trinity College n Grantham. Deg useggas 1661 ikcem ɣer tesdawit n Cambridge ikemmel taɣuri armi d aseggas 1665 ansa i d-iffeɣ s turagt (licence), aseggas-a i d-teḍra temsalt n tteteffaḥt is-d ildin allen ɣef ujebbud n tfekkiwin (attraction des corps).
Deg useggas 1667 Newton yuɣal d imekki di tesdawit Cambridge. Deg useggas 1666 isnulfa-d asiḍen (calcul). Deg useggas 1669 yuɣ amḍiq d aselmad n tusnakt di tesdawit n Cambridge. Newton yerra aṭas lmendad-is ar tiddit n tafat, deg useggas 1672 Newton yeɛreḍ ad d-yaf tifeɣt n ini (couleur) n tafat, inna-d: “Tafat d asmlili n iẓenẓaren n ini”.
Deg useggas 1686 isnulfa-d tilḥi (dynamique) s lsas n kraḍ ilugan n umussu:
- Amenzay amenzu: Tafekka ur tettmimiḍ ara neɣ amussu-ines ur ittbeddil ara (tazzla-ines), ma illa azal n tmernit n imsedda (somme véctorielle) n tezmert i tt-yeɛnan d ilem.
- Amenzay wis-sin : Lsas n tilḥi
Newton, iqqen timzizzelt (accéleration) n tfekka ɣer tezmert i tt-yeɛnan: F=ma
F : tazmert (N) m : tazsit n tfekka (kg) a: timzizzelt m/s2
- Amenzay wis-kraḍ: Tigawt d tesdmert (action-réaction)
Ma illa tafekka 1 tedemmir tafekka nniḍen 2 s tezmert f1,2, ihi, tafekka tis-snat tettara-d I tfekka 1 tazmert f2,1: f1/2+f2/1=0
Newton iddem-d ilugan-a iseqdec-iten ɣer wid n Kepler, sway i d-yufa: kra n tfekka illan di tallunt (espace) neɣ deg umḍal, tettaɣ-itt tazmert i wumi semman aselmem (gravité).Yura daɣen Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica deg useggas n 1687. Ilmend n wayen iqdec d wayen i d-ifka, isem-is yuɣ aferdis (unité) n tezmert (N).
Tamselyut[beddel]


text:
Timeslayin n usihel
Timeslayin n usihel, ma yili wugur gar yifassen-nneɣ, tewwi-yas-d awarzem (algorithme) i tifrat-is. Awarzem d awalen (n tefransist, tegnizit ..) i yesseqdac wussnan (scientifique) i tifrat n wugur, maca aselkim (ordinateur), ɣur-s awalen-is imaẓlayen, agraw-nnsen d tameslayt n usihel (imeslayen i ifehhem uselkim), wid ara d-isnedhen aselkim ( d azrar n wanaḍen (instructions)) i tifrat. Gar tmeslayin-a:
Fortran[beddel]
Awal-a d asewzel (FORmula TRANslation), tisuqqelt n tenfalit, acku awalen-is sehlen i useqdec n tusnakt (mathématique). Amezwaru i d-yuran fell-as d RUTISHAUSER, deg useggas 1952, maca ur d-yeffiɣ ara i leqdic almi d useggas 1955, s ɣur JOHN BACKUS. Tameslayt-a telha nezzeh i yinekmaden ussananen n tesdawit.
BASIC[beddel]
D asewzel (Beginner's All purpose Symbolic Instruction Code). Yeffeɣ-d deg useggas 1965. D tameslayt i d-yemmugen i wid urɛad ssnen nezzeh timeslayin n usihel, acku awalen n umeslay yettwaqdacen deg BASIC sehlen, ferzen. Yelha nezzeh i yinelmaden n tesnawit (aswir amenzu). S kra n wawalen, anelmad yezmer ad yektil: tajumma (surface), ableɣ (volume), azikit (périmètre).atg, neɣ ad ad d-yefru tigdiwin (équations).
Pascal[beddel]
Teffeɣ-d ger useggas 1967 d 1971 sɣur Niklaus Wirth. Yefka-yas isem-ayi ilemen-d umussnaw ameqqran BLAISE PASCAL (1623-1662). Tameslay PASCAL tettwassen aṭas seg wasmi i d-teffeɣ i lɣaci tameslayt n Turbo pascal deg useggas 1984, sɣur Borland International, imi wwḍen azal n umeliyun i yettuzenzen seg-s. PASCAL daɣen yemmug-d i tusnakt, yelha nezzeh i yinelmaden ussananen n tesdawit.
C[beddel]
D tameslayt i d-ilulen deg useggas 1972, sɣur umussnaw DENNIS RITCHIE. Deg tazwara, timeslayin-a mmugent-d i useqdec n uselkim ( ileḥḥun s UNIX); maca, deg useggas 1989, yuɣ abrid n useqdec s wahil, yuɣal am wid neẓra yakan.
DBASE[beddel]
_ er taggara n yiseggasen 70, amussnaw WAYNE RATLIFF ( iqeddec di NASA), isnulfa-d timeslayen i useqdec n taffa n isefka (base de données), i wumi isemma VULCAN. Syin akkin, GEORGE TATE d HAL LASHLEE, gren-d afus, rnan sqewmen-t, armi d useggas 1981, yuɣal isem-is dbase (data base).
Awalen n tmeslayin n usel kim[beddel]
Awalen-a zemren ad ilin, d wid n tegnizit mmden, neɣ d asewzel n wawalen n tegnizit.
Amedya[beddel]
Wayi d ahil, s tmeslayin i neẓra, sendahen aselkim i wakken ad d-yaru ɣef ugdil (Ecran), awal (AZUL):
FORTRAN
Ahil amenzu WRITE(*,*)'AZUL' END 10 CLS
BASIC
20 REM Ahil amenzu 30 PRINT " AZUL " 40 END Program azul
PASCAL
Begin {ahil amenzu} WRITE('AZUL'); END. MAIN() {
C
/*Ahil amenzu */ PRINTF('AZUL') } CLEAR
DBASE
*Ahil amenzu* ? ' AZUL' END


text:
TaYerdayt
TaYerdayt (Tifinaɣ : ⵜⴰⵖⴻⵔⴷⴰⵢⵜ) d yiwet n tYiwant n ugezdu (tawilayt) n At WeYlan (Mzab) deg tlemmast n Lzzayer.
Tamedint-aggi tezgad ar 600 n ikilumitren ar tama n wadda n Lzzayer tamanaYt. TaYedayt d nettat i tamanaYt n tmurt n WaYlan (Mzab).
D yiwet n temdint yettwasnen aṭas, dYa tettiki deg wayyen umi qqaren "Patrimoine de l'Unesco", di lmaɛan-as d yiwet n temddint yesɛan azal amuqran deg umaḍal.
Anda i d-tezga[beddel]
Tezga-d ar 600 n ikulimitren ar tama n wadda n Lzzayer tamanaYt, ar 190 n ikilumitren ar tama n wadda n LeYwaṭ, ar 190 n ikilumtren ar tama n usammer n Warǧelen (Wargla).
isem-is[beddel]
Isem n tYardayt yussa-d si tmeslayt n TmaziYt (Tumẓabt). Isem-ines yettwaɛreb ar Γaṛdaya.
Imezday n temdint aggi, neY ar tura ssawalen-as s yisem-is amaziY "ad zwiY Yel TYerdayt"


text:
Asefru n Ferḥat Mhenni (Tudert)
Tudert
D ajraḍ sufella n waman, lembaver la teddun.
S leesker d tirga yeɣman, s idammen d waldun.
Timura irumyen d-yegman d leğnas i yetthuddun.
Ayɣer levni n iɣerman, ma s tinɣin i tt-veddun ?
Assen ur qudren talast, aɣref,
ur qudren kra yeddren,
tutlayt, ddin n usurref, ur qudren ara azref.
Azref ḥemmlen a d-adren, d win swayes ara ssnegren
win yugin ad yekref.
Tudert-nsen s idammen-nneɣ.
D tawant-nsen i d laẓ-nneɣ.
Tilelli-nsen d tikerfi-nneɣ
iɣef tt-ssulin.
Rran-aɣ timedlin.
Am yizan ɣef teflukin, dehmen levḥer s leum.
Qemmren-tt ad zegren akin, ammer ad yeeyu unezgum???
Ttargun tudert yeffulkin n tlelli d weɣrum.
Reglen ɣef laẓ d telkin d leḥkem vu lehmum.
D i d-yeğğa urumi i ten-yessenfan,
ur ẓrin ara acimi. Γer irumyen i d-ufan
d tilisa ten-iɣunfan.
Meneen si lmut i wumi,
mi d asen-ugin iɣimi, verra n leḥkem n yilfan?
Tudert d tudert ma s tizeṭ-is.
Cci, tazmert d tilelli-s.
Di yal tiɣmert tessaɣ tayri-s
d yiseɣ s-yettilin
si rwaḥ d tuɣalin.
Ayen ieeddan ieedda, yelha ɣef win iceffun.
Eiwdet leqwanen swadda ay imdanen yettḥuffun!
Timura anda nedda, ulawen ad sgunfun.
Imdanen yakk d tarwa n tsedda, ur sserfayen, ur reffun.
Si zik akka, reglen ɣef cwal.
Leḥkem timecki yerka, targit ieerreq-as wawal,
s lmut mi d-tessawal.
Asirem yezga yettekka ɣef tirga n yal tafaska
n lferḥ mi ara d-yettɣawal.
Tudert d tudert ma s tizeṭ-is.
Cci, tazmert d tugdut-is.
Seut tazmert akken ad tɣeḍlem
leḥkem i ken-yeṛẓan!
Ur ttɣimit d izan, ur ttilit d izan!!!
yurat ass n 26 dujember 2006
Tudert sɣur Ferḥat Mehenni


text:
Saskatchewan
Saskačewan d yiwet tamnaṭ deg utaram n tmurt n Kanada, di walmaten imeqqranen.
Tarakalt[beddel]
Tajumma-nes d 651 900 km² u ɣur-es 1 010 146 imezdaɣ deg 1 yebrir n 2008, tigti seg At Saskačewan zedɣen deg wenẓul n temnaṭ. D Regina (193 093 imezdaɣ) d tamdint tameqqrant seg akk temdinin n temnaṭ. Seg iɣerman nniḍen a nufi, Prince Albert, Moose Jaw, North Battleford, Yorkton d Swift Current.
Saskačewan tella gar Akalen n ugafa-atraman af ugafa, Manituba af wegmuḍ, Alberta af utaram d iwunak imarikanen af wenẓul : Dakuta N Ugafa d Montana. Isen-is yusa-d seg wasif n Saskačewan, anamek-ines i d-yusi si tutlayt n Kri (Ikriyen i yellan weɣref amezwaru f wakal-nni) d "wasif arurad" (Kisiskačewan s Tekrit).


text:
Anagraw n wammud
Anagraw n wammud ( tazegzilt (abréviation) N.A) (Fr : système d'exploitation SE ), (s teglizit Operating System OS), d'tagrumma n w'ahilen ig sselḥun acermad (appareil) asenselkim.
Agbur
- 1 Ta nawsent (typologie)
- 2 A mazray (historique)
- 3 Tiseggar (composantes)
- 4 Tasegda (Architecture)
- 5 Inagrawen n wammud yetwasnen (les SE connus)
- 6 Tamselyut
Ta nawsent (typologie)[beddel]
A mazray (historique)[beddel]
deg seggasen n 1940, iselkimen(ordinateurs,computers) ttwasihlen(programmer) s weseqdec n teqfilt (interruptuer à bascule), kra i seggasen mbeɛd sseqdecen tikarḍiwin i nezmer ad nɣer s weselkim.
Iselkimen des iseggasen 1940 ɣer 1960 swan tafunast d yellis(ɣlay it), anagir ti rmisin(entreprises) timeqqranin iten yesseqdacen, yerna m yal amseqdac sbededen as akud n leqdic(limiter le temps d'utilisation)
Akf'asihel (multiprogrammation)[beddel]
akf'asihel d'awal id yussan deg sin w'awalen (akfud=multiplication , asihel = programmation).


text:
Tafriqt
Tafriqt d yiwen seg yimenẓawen umi mechur (yettwassen) yisem deg umaḍal. Acku, medden ur tt-ssinen ara dima s wayen yelhan. Aṭas n medden deg umaḍal ur nessin ara ɣef Tefriqt amur ameqran, ttxayalen-tt d akal anda ay yugar ccwal, imgura (war) akk d imenɣan, d akal kan anda ay ttmettaten igerdan si laẓ yernu gten (tuqqten) deg-s waṭṭanen, d akal n lqella n cci anda medden akk d igellilen.
Maca Tafriqt maci ala d anect-a. Tafriqt tteččur d igduden, d agaraw, d ill (sea) n yegduden neɣ n yemdanen (human), yal yiwen s tutlayt-is, s yedles d umezruy-is. Ar ass-a werɛad ssinen imassanen akk tutlayin ay ttmeslayen di Tefriqt, neɛ mazal ay tent-ɣrin merra akken iwata (ilaq) ad yeli. Ar ass-a, werɛad ur ssinen ara imassanen ansayen (traditions) d yidelsan n yegduden merra ay izedɣen Tafriqt, werɛad ur d-lqiḍen ara seg-sen akk ayen inwamken (imaɛnen), tamussni-nsen d wayen yeffren deg yidelsan-nsen. Ass-a, mi akka ara tkeccem tetrara ɣer yal amkan, ɣer yal axjiḍ deg umaḍal, aṭas seg yegduden n Tefriqt ara yesruḥuyen ansayen d yidelsan-nsen, yernu yessefk ɣef yimassanen ad rren tamuɣli/ d wallaɣ-nsen ɣer waya uqbel ma yezri ukud.
Tafriqt tefka-d aṭas i tudert n wemdan, ama s tmussni-yines, ama s wayen ay tesɛa d cci d teɣawsiwin, ama d akal, ama d imdanen. Ass-a, ur yessefk ara ad qqnen (medlen) medden allen-nsen ɣef waya. Xas ma yella lbaṭel-nni yettwaxedmen deg Yefriqiyen, di tallit n tehrest (colonisation) iɛedda, yekfa, medden yessefk ad walin Tafriqt ad as-rren tajmilt i Tefriqt u ad tt-walin s wallen nniḍen, yessefk ad gren tamawt i wayen d-tefka i ddunit d umaḍal, i ddur ay telṭeb deg umezruy n umaḍal u ad gren tamawt diɣ i wayen ara d-tettak Tefriqt ass-a akk d yigerwaj ay d-mazal ffren deg-s.
Agbur
Igduden n Tefriqt[beddel]
Igduden n Tefriqt ṭṭuqten (ggten) macci d kra, seg Yimaziɣen ɣer Yimaṣriyen n wass-a, arraw n Yimaṣriyen iqburen, ɣer Yinubiyen d Yityupiyen, ɣer Yiwulufen d Yizuluten. Ulac amkan ur neɣmir (neccur) ara di Tefriqt. Qrib yal tamurt tesɛa timerwin (dizaines) n yegduden, merra sɛan tutlayin-nsen, ansayen d yidelsan-nsen d waṭas n tɣawsiwin nniḍen ara yelmed fell-asen umaḍal neɣ igduden-is merra.
Tafriqt ugafa[beddel]
Deg Ugafa n Tefriqt, imezdaɣen ineṣliyen d Imaziɣen, d nitni ay d amur ameqran deg yimezdaɣen n Tmazɣa, xas ma yella aṭas deg-sen ass-a la ttmeslayen taɛrabt neɣ/ akk d Tefransist. Imaziɣen egan-d tilas i wakal d ameqran, yewwet seg wemda n Siwa, deg Utaram (lɣerb) n Maṣer alamma alamma d Targa Zewwaɣen d Muritanya, ɣef yiri n ugaraw Aṭlasi. Yuɣ lḥal, d Imaziɣen ay d agdud n Tefriqt awḥid ay d-iḥerren anect-agi n wakal, imi amur ameqran deg yegduden ifriqiyen nniḍen, tikwal sɛan kan akal d amecṭuḥ, tikwal bitt, cerken-t akk d yegduden nniḍen. Imaziɣen ttumḍanen d agdud n yiri (race) amellal, xas ma yella nettaf gar-asen aṭas n yimibriken d yiberkanen. Aṭas n Yimaziɣen ay d-mazal la ttmeslayen tamaziɣt, yernu deg yiseggasen-agi ineggura, aṭas n trebbaɛ timaziɣin ay d-yennulfan i wakken ad wwtent u ad ḥerzent tutlayt-nsent. Xas ma yella tantalyin (dialectes) ay ttmeslayen Yimaziɣen mxallafent si tama ɣer tayeḍ, maca kkant-d akk seg yiwen n uẓar, seg yiwet n tutlayt, yernu yeshel ɣef waṭas n trebbaɛ timaziɣin ad msefhament wagar-asent s tutlayt-nsent, xas ma yella mxallafent tentalyin-nsent. Imaziɣen mazal ṭṭfen deg waṭas n wansayen (lɛaddat), ladɣa wid yettidiren di Merruk akk d Uneɣruf (Sahara), d acu kan, ass-a, aṭas n wansayen imaziɣen ay yellan ɣef (af) yiri n nnger, la ten-ttağğan medden yernu ur d asen-ttgen ara azal d leqder. Nnig waya, ula d tutlayt tamaziɣt la tettuɣal ɣer deffir deg waṭas n tmiwa n Tmazɣa, medden la tt-ttağğan, ilmeẓyen ur a ttlemmden ara, dɣa yessefk ad yettwaxdem kra n leqdic s uɣiwel i lmend n ussukkes n tutlayt di tmiwa-ya.
Akal n Yimaziɣen, seg wakken meqqer aramma ay yewweḍ ɣer wul n Tefriqt. D Imuhaɣ neɣ Imucaɣ ay d tarbaɛt n Yimaziɣen ay yesɛan akal meqqren akk, xas akken ur ṭṭuqqten ara. Akal-nsen d Aneẓruf (Idurar n Tasili, n Ayer di Niger, atg.), yernu imi ay zgan leḥḥun, ttruḥun nitni d lmal-nsen seg wemkan ɣer wayeḍ, wwḍen ɣer waṭas n tmiwa di Tefriqt. Imuhaɣ xulḍen aṭas n yegduden ifriqiyen ay ten-id-iqerben, nitni fkan-asen u wwin-d aṭas seg-sen. Ass-a, nezmer ad naf Imuhaɣ di Niger d Mali, am wakken ay nezmer ad naf kra n trebbaɛ-nsen di Čad, Burkina Faso akk d Nigeria. Deg wenẓul n Uneẓruf (Niger akk d Mali), aṭas n yegduden ifriqiyen ay yettidiren ɣer tama n Yimuhaɣ, nezmer ad d-nebder seg-sen Ibambaraten, Ifularen akk d Yisarakuliyen. Kra seg yegduden-agi kessen lmal am Yimuhaɣ, di lweqt i deg wiyaḍ xeddmen tafellaḥt. Yuɣ lḥal, akal n wenẓul n Uneẓruf ɛeddan deg-s yisafen, d aya ay t-yerran d agilal, meḥsub yelha i tfellaḥt. Nnig waya, isafen n tama-yagi ldin diɣ iberdan i waṭas n yegduden i wakken ad xeddmen tanezzawt (ttjara), ad znuzun u ad ttaɣen d yegduden merra ay ten-id-iqerben. Idyulaten n Burkina Faso, Côte ḍIvoire akk d Senegal d yiwen seg yegduden n Tefriqt Taɣerbit ay yettwassnen s tnezzawt.
Tafriqt Umalu[beddel]
Di lɣerb, igduden ay yettidiren ɣef yiri n Ugaraw Aṭlasi lhan-d s waṭas d ṣṣyada n yiselman. Imuriṭaniyen (laṣel-nsen d Imaziɣen) d yegduden n yiri n lebḥer n Senegal ttwassnen s ṣṣyada. Di Tefriqt Taɣerbit llant waṭas n tmura yesɛan tiẓegwa timeqranin. D acu kan, tiẓegwa n Tefriqt ɛemrent. Zik, igduden ay izedɣen tiẓegwa-yagi llan la ttidiren s ṣṣyada n yiɣersiwen d tukksa n wayen ay d-yettak wakal. Ass-a, aṭas deg yegduden-agi ay yeǧǧan aya. Di tmiwa-yagi diɣ, igduden Ifriqiyen sbedden-d aṭas n tgeldiyin (royaumes), yernu asmi ay bdan la d-ttawḍen Wurufiyen ɣer Tefriqt, di lqern wis 15, aṭas si tgeldiyin-agi ay yellan la xeddment tanezzawt (ttjara) d Wurufiyen. Tageldit n ɣana (ay d-sbedden Wacantiyen) tella tettwassen s ddheb-yines, yernu aṭas n tgeldiyin tifriqiyin n tama-yagi ay yellan la znuzuyent aklan (ay d-ttaṭṭafent si tmiwa nniḍen) i Wurufiyen i wakken ad ten-awin ad ten-sxedmen di Marikan. Yuɣ lḥal, amur ameqran deg yiberkanen yellan ass-a di Marikan laṣel-nsen si Tefriqt Taɣerbit.
Tafriqt Usamer[beddel]
Di Tefriqt Tacerqit, llan waṭas n yegduden ay yettmeslayen tutlayin tisamiyin d tutlayin tikuciyin. Tutlayin tisamiyin d tawacult n tutlayin i deg nezmer ad naf taɛrabt d tutlayin yettemcabin ɣur-s, am tɛebrit (hébreu) neɣ tafiniqit n zik. D acu kan, menɣir taɛrabt (ay ttmeslayen di tmura am Ssudan, Ǧibuti d Iritirya), tutlayin tisamiyin n Tefriqt nezmer ad d-nebder seg-sent tamharit d ttigrinyat (ttmeslayen-tent di Ityupya d Iritirya). Igduden n tmiwa-yagi, xas d iberkanen (neɣ d imibriken), maca ḍebɛen, imi lejdud-nsen, di laṣel, llan d imellalen ay ixelḍen d iberkanen. Igduden-agi daɣen lhan-d d tfellaḥt akk d tkessawt, yemxallaf wacu xeddmen ɣef leḥsab n wakal i deg ttidiren. Wid yettmeslayen tutlayin tikuciyin ttidiren di tama tameṭṭarfut n Tefriqt tacerqit, tama-nni umi qqaren Iccew n Tefriqt, u ad naf gar-asen Iṣumaliyen, ay d-yelhan ladɣa s tkessawt n wakraren.
Di Tefriqt Talemmast akk d ccerq n Tefriqt Tasebgast (équatoriale), llan yizaɣaren d imeqranen yernu d izegzawen. Imezdaɣen n tmiwa-ya lhan-d d tkessawt n yezgaren. Agdud yettwassnen s tkessawt-agi d Imasayen n Kenya d Tanzanya. Imasayen ttwassnen s lqedd-nsen aɛlayan d uceṭṭiḍ-nni azewwaɣ ay settwen, itteṣṣer-iten si tgecrar alamma d idmaren. Aṭas n Yimasayen ay d-mazal la ttidiren tudert-nni n zik, teddun d yezgaren-nsen deg yizaɣaren-nni anda ay d-mazal la ttidiren waṭas n yiɣersiwen iweḥciyen. Maca Imasayen uɣen tanumi d yiɣersiwen-agi, yernu ula d izmawen ttagaden-ten, ur ttqerriben ara ɣer lmal-nsen.
Kenya akk d Tanzanya sɛant akal igerrzen i tfellaḥt, yernu amur ameqran seg yegduden n tmiwa-yagi ttidiren seg wayen ay d-yettak wakal. Ikikuyuten d yiwen wegdud n Kenya, zik llan sɛan aṭas n wakal, ḥerren-t-id s yiɣil-nsen, yernu llan sɛan ddewla teǧhed. Asmi ay d-wwḍen Yebriṭaniyen ɣer Kenya, di tgara n lqern wis 19, kksen-asen akal-nsen, ama i nitni, ama i yegduden nniḍen. Yuɣ lḥal, igduden-agi, arraw n wakal, gguman ad ssusmen u gan ṭṭrad meqqren i wakken ad ssuffɣen imsehres (colonisateur) si tmurt-nsen. Igduden yettidiren ɣef yiri n Ugaraw Ahendi (océan Indien), si tama-nsen, čudd tudert-nsen ɣer lebḥer (am wid-nni Tefriqt Taɣerbit), maca nnig waya, igduden-agi ttwassnen s ttjara-nsen taqdimt akk d Waɛraben. Amur ameqran deg yimezdaɣen n tefsirin (côtes) n Tefriqt Tacerqit d Inselmen, yernu ttmeslayen yiwet n tutlayt umi qqaren taswaḥilit, yis-s ay ttemsefhamen ula akk d yegduden ifriqiyen nniḍen. Yuɣ lḥal, taswaḥilit d tutlayt taɣelnawt di Kenya akk d Tanzanya, yernu nezmer ad d-nini dakken tuɣal d tutlayt tagraɣlant i yes ttemsefhamen waṭas n yegduden di Tefriqt Tacerqit d Tefriqt Tasebgast (équatoriale).
Tafriqt Tasebgast[beddel]
Ul n Tefriqt Tasebgast yella zik yeččur d tiẓegwa. Timiwa-yagi ttwassnent s Yefɣulen. Wigi d imezdaɣen ineṣliyen n tmiwa-yagi. Xas ma yella zik, tamurt-nsen meqqret (tiẓegwa n Tefriqt Talemmast, Zaïre, Kamirun, atg.), ass-a, ciṭṭaḥ kan maḍi ay d-yeqqimen deg-sen, imi aṭas n lumur ay ten-icewwlen. Ifɣulen d imecṭaḥ, ur ttimɣuren ara. Imeqranen deg-sen sɛɛan azal n lmitra d wezgen di teɣzi. Maci d aḍḍan ay uḍnen, wanag akka kan ay tga ccetla-nsen. Zik, medden llan ttewḥacen-ten imi ay d imeẓyanen yernu ttidiren kan di tẓegwa, anda ay ttṣeggiden ayen tetten. Ass-a, idles-nsen atan la inegger yernu yessefk ad d-rren medden lwelha-nsen ɣur-sen.
Madagascar[beddel]
Amur ameqran deg yegduden n tegzirt n Madagaskar ṣubben-d seg Yindunisiyen. Xas ma yella Indunisya d tamurt ibeɛden ɣef Tefriqt, maca, di lqern wis 4 mbeɛd n Sidna Ɛisa, wwḍen-d kra n yemdanen si Indunisya ɣer tegzirt-agi tameqrant, u tneṣṣlen dinna alamma ay d asmi ay ten-id-ufan Waɛraben u uɣalen la xeddmen yid-sen tanezzawt (ttjara). Imalgaciyen ay izedɣen deg yidurar n tegzirt-agi mazal ttemcabin s waṭas di ṣṣifa ɣer Yindunisiyen, yernu tutlayt tamalgacit si twacult n tutlayin tustruniziyin ay ttmeslayen di Asya, am tindunisit.
Tafriqt tanẓulant[beddel]
Di Tefriqt tanẓulant (australe), llan waṭas n yegduden, nezmer ad ten-nebḍu ɣef snat n trebbaɛ timeqranin. Llan yegduden iqdimen n tama-ya, ur ṭṭuqqten ara, kra deg-sen qrib ad negren, ttidiren di lɣerb n Tefriqt n Wenẓul (Afrique du Sud), Namibya d Botswana. Timiwa i deg ttidiren yegduden-agi d aneẓruf (ṣṣeḥra), kkawent, qrib ur d-imeqqi deg-sent wacemma. Mazal kra seg yegduden-agi la ttidiren tudert n zik, ttṣeggiden-d neɣ ttekksen-d ayen ara ččen seg wayen ay d-yettak wakal. Igduden-agi qqaren-asen Ibucmanen. Isem-agi yekka-d si teglizit „Bushmen“ (San), meḥsub „imdanen n lexla“, maca Ibucmanen bḍan ɣef wacḥal n yegduden d teqbilin, yal agdud yesɛan tutlayt-is.
Llan diɣ yegduden yettmeslayen tutlayin tibantutin, gar-asen, nezmer ad d-nebder Izuluten. Asmi ay d-wwḍen Wurufiyen (européens) ɣer tmiwa-yagi, naqal ṭṭfen kan ciṭṭ n wakal ɣef yiri n ill (sea). D acu kan, asmi ay bdan la keccmen ɣer daxel n tmurt, bdan la ttnaɣen d Yefriqiyen u gan deg-sen lbaṭel d ameqran. Asmi ay tewwi Tefriqt n Wenẓul azarug-yines (indépendance), lḥukuma tamellalt n tmurt-agi tesbedd-d leqwanin i yes tebɣa ad tebḍu ger n Yiberkanen d Yimellalen. Igduden iberkanen qqlen ttwaɛɛezlen ɣer tmiwa anda akal diri-t, yernu ttalasen kan ad d-kecmen ɣer tmiwa n yimellalen i wakken ad xedmen. Asmi ay s-d-bran i Nelson Mandela si lḥebs di 1990, yernu yuɣal d aselway aberkan amezwaru n Tefriqt n Wenẓul, ifuk lbaṭel-nni ay iɛezlen iberkanen. Maca imellalen n Tefriqt n Wenẓul cewwlen ugar (aṭas) igduden iberkanen n tmurt-agi deg yiseggasen-nni n lbaṭel d wayen n diri, yernu later n ccwal-agi mazal-it ar ass-a.
Igduden imaziɣen[beddel]
Ass-a, mi ara d-nini Tafriqt, amur ameqran di medden fehhmen-tt (gezun-tt) d timura-nni ay d-yuzgan deg wenẓul (south) n Uneɛruf (Sahara), tid-nni anda ay ttidiren yiberkanen, am Niger, Mali akk d Nigeria. Imezdaɣen n Tefriqt n Ugafa neɣ Tamazɣa ruḥen amzun ttsetḍin ad d-inin dakken ula d nitni d Ifriqiyen, acku nitni d imellalen. D acu kan, llant kra n tɣawsiwin s wazal-nsen, yessefk ad asent-nger tamawt deg weḍris-agi.
Tamenzut, Tafriqt d amenẓaw (continent) anda ay mlalen yimellalen d yiberkanen, ulac akk tilisa gar-asen. Akken ay s-yeqqar yiwen n Urumi : “Di Tefriqt ulac iberkanen”, ira ad yini, din medden akk d imdanen, ulac aberkan d umellal. Nezmer ad naf iberkanen di Ldzayer, deg Wenẓul n Tunes d Libya d Merruk. Nnig waya, llan aṭas seg yiberkanen-agi d Imaziɣen, mazal ar ass-a ssawalen tamaziɣt (Tamaceɣt). Anect-a yesskan-ed dakken si zîk, yella yiel (jjwağ ger n Yimaziɣen d yegduden iberkanen ay d-ufan di tmiwa n Uneɛruf Ameqran (Sahara), asmi ay bdan lejdud-nneɣ la d-ttawḍen ɣer Tefriqt. Niger akk d Mali, xas ma yella ssnen-tent medden dakken d “timura n yiberkanen“, maca yessefk ad ɣren dakken llan deg-sent ula d imellalen (Imaziɣen Imuriyen, Aɛraben, atg.).
Tis snat, deg Wegles (Antiquité), d tamurt n Yimaziɣen iw-umi llan ssawalen yegduden n (ill) agrakal “Tafriqt”, yernu d Imaziɣen iw-umi egan isem (eganassag) “Ifriqiyen”. Yagi, isem n Tefriqt s timmad-is yekka-d si tmaziɣt. Anect-a ad t-tafem deg usebter ay d-yettmeslayen ɣef yisem n Tefriqt.
Tis krad, dɣa tagi d tanqiḍt yesɛan azal meqqren, Tamazɣa d amur si Tefriqt. Timura n Lezzayer, Merruk, Libya, Tunes d Muritanya merra d timura n Tefriqt, am wakken Fransa d Lalman d Briṭanya Tameqrant d timura n Turuft. A win yufan, Ifriqiyen merra, ama d wid n Ugafa neɣ d wid n tmura n wenẓul, yessefk ad tezzin iman-nsen ttidiren deg yiwen n umenẓaw, deg yiwen n wakal, yernu, lemmer di yelli wamek, ad myussanen ukk ad mekken afus xir n wakken llan tura, akken myussanen u ttemɛawanen Wurufiyen wagar-asen ass-a. Anect-a yezmer ad as-ibeddel udem i Tefriqt ukk ad tt-iɛiwen ugar i wakken ad d-teffeɣ seg wuguren i deg tettidir ass-a.
Timura n Tafriqt[beddel]
- Dzayer
- Kenya
- Liberya
- Libya
- Maṣer
- Merruk
- Ṣṣaḥra-umalu
- Tafriqt-usamar
- Muritanya
- Togo
- Tunes
- Zayir
- Zimbabwe
Tamselyut[beddel]


text:
Tinariwen
Tinariwen (s t-targit naY tamaceq : « ⵜⵏⵔⵓⵏ » d-asget n: Tenere) d yiwet n tarbaet icennayen id yusan seg tmurt n Tessalit di Azawad deg Adrar n IfuYas [1],[2],[3].
Ccna nsen, assuf, tebwid cbaha Yer blues, d rock d ccna itargiyen tamensayt. D tin i wumi neqqaṛ tura blues tuareg, axaṭar am blues ccna yagi yekka-d seg assuf d aṭṭan yuYen imaziYen n kel tamaceq deg akal nsen.
Llan sin iqaṛṛay deg tarbaet agi, yiwen Ibrahim ag Alhabib « Abraybone » wayeḍ d Alhousseini ag Abdoulahi « Abdallah », maca ilaq an wali tinariwen am akken d tawacult tameqṛant, d tiddukla tadelsant.
Llan daYen aṭas inaẓuren id yettasen Yer tarbaet n tinariwen, am Mohamed ag Itlal i wumi qqaren «Ajapuni».
Tameddurmant[beddel]
Tluled tarbaet agi asegwas n 1982, deg yiwet n tfaska id yellan di temdint n lzzayer, sYur Ibrahim ag Alhabib, Alhassan ag Touhami d-Intayaden, TaYreft Tinariwen, wigi llan d-icennayen, maca daYen d-igrawliyen yennuYen Yef uzref n-ugdud atargi amaziYnsen isegwasen nni 1990, s ccna nsen, arran-d asirem i watmaten nsen kel tamaceq.
di tzwara, kṛad agi n yemdukal llan tturaren s snitra tasfeldant, sinna mmugren-d inaẓuren n voix du Hoggar is yefkan i Ibrahim snitra y ines elektrik tamezwarut. Di temdint n Tamenṛaset, gan kra tfaskiwin yidsen Kṛad n tilawin, sinna di tmurt n Libya mmugren-d Mohamed ag Itlal, «Ajapuni» di lawan nni id bda tagrawla nni isegwasen n 1990.
Imasladen n tarbaet[beddel]
- Ibrahim ag Alhabib, umi qqaren « Abraybone » (snitra, Ccna, tasudest)
- AlḤousseini ag Abdoulahi, umi qqaren « Abdallah », naY « Catastrophe », (snitra, Ccna, tasudest)
- AlḤassane ag Touhami, umi qqaren « Abin-Abin » naY "Aharr", umi qqaren « Le lion du désert » (snitra, Ccna, tasudest)
- Saïd ag Ayad (percussions, chœurs)
- Eyadou ag Lece (basse, snitra, chœurs, percussions, tasudest)
- Abdallah ag Lamida, dit « Intidao » (snitra, chœurs, tasudest)
- Wounou wallet Sidati (chœurs, claps)
- Kesa wallet Ḥamid (chœurs, claps)
Imasladen nniḍen[beddel]
- Mohamed ag Itlal, umi qqaren « Japuni » (snitra, Ccna, tasudest), yella deg taklast The Radio Tisdas Sessions et Aman Iman.
- Kedhou ag Ossad, umi qqaren « Khiwaj » (snitra, Ccna, tasudest), yella deg taklast The Radio Tisdas Sessions.
- Mina wallet Oumar (chœurs, claps); tella d tarbaet armi d 2007; dek taklasin Amassakoul d Aman Iman.
- Elaga ag Hamid (snitra, chœurs), yella d tarbaet armi d 2007; dek taklasin Amassakoul d Aman Iman.
- Foy-Foy (snitra, Ccna), yella deg taklast The Radio Tisdas Sessions.
- Liya ag Ablil umi qqaren « Diarra » (snitra, Ccna, tasudest), yella deg taklast Imidiwan : Companions d win Ténéré d Bamako.
- Sanou ag Ahmed, yella deg taklast Imidiwan : Companions.
- Sweiloum
Aḍebsaru[beddel]
- 1992 : Tenere
- 1993 : Bamako
- 2002 : The Radio Tisdas Sessions
- 2004 : Amassakoul Amasakul
- 2006 : The Soul Rebel of African Desert, DVD (deg-s asaru Jérémie Reichenbach, The Guitars of the Touareg Rebellion)
- 2007 : Aman Iman
- 2009 : Imidiwan : Companions
- 2011 : Tassili - araz n tkalast « musiques du monde » Ccna n-umaḍal , Grammy Awards 2011
Arazen[beddel]
- 2012 : Araz n tkalast « Musiques du monde » Ccna n-umaḍal deg Grammy Awards wis 54 i tkalast Tassili[4],[5].
Tamesluyt[beddel]
- ↑ Histoire du Monde : histoire d'un disque sur le site de la RTBF le 27 février 2012.
- ↑ Tinariwen dans Le Figaro du 20 septembre 2011.
- ↑ (en)Blues From the Desert, Recorded On-Site dans The New York Times du 31 août 2011.
- ↑ (en) Nominations et résultats des Grammy Awards 2011, sur le site officiel.
- ↑ Un Grammy Award pour les rockeurs de Tinariwen, conteurs des rébellions touareg sur le site de France 24 le 14 février 2012.