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Tala Bouzrou, d taddart deg tɣiwant n Makouda deg lɛerc n Wagennun. Dinna, ilmeẓyen, reqqen am yisufa, reqqen ttaẓen ɣer sdat. Ayen teǧǧa lgirra, teswakker-as-d u tesɣam-as-d la silicose : aṭṭan n yidmaren i d-yettasen deg uɣebbar n uẓru i neǧǧren. Yal tawacult, txelles, ma drus, s yiwen n uɛeggal amahil-a.Tala Bouzrou, dinna, diɣ, i d-tlul tarbaɛt tamezwarut i yeffɣen s amadaɣ deg useggas 1945. Ɣer ugraw-a i yerna Krim Belkacem asmi yeffeɣ ula d netta. D taddart n yifri n Mohend Ou Moussa, n uẓru n yimedyazen d uẓru n uweṭṭuf, iẓra i d-yeqqimen d inigan n umezruy n tama-nni u d iɛessasen ɣef tɣerma i d-icergen acḥal d lqern.
Takerḍa n Tala Bouzrou.
Tebɛed taddart n Tala Bouzrou ɣef Temdint n Tizi Uzzu s 20 ikilumitren. Zedɣen deg-s azal n 12 000 n yimdanen u ɛlayet ɣef lebḥar s 700 n lmitrat. Zzint-as-d tudrin-a : ɣef usamar, ad naf Tarihant, ɣef umalu, Makouda, ɣef ugafa, tella Mizrana, ma ɣef unẓul d Aït Aissa Mimoun. Tala Bouzrou, d isem-is i d awal-is : d tama n uẓru. Amur ameqqran n yimezdaɣ, xeddmen lḥirfa-agi n uẓru, s tsuta ɣer tayeḍ imi ala ayen i asen-d-tefka tmurt-nni. Xas akken d taẓuri yettwaqddren, meɛna ttxellesen-tt s tezmert-nsen, tikwal, ɛad, s terwiḥen-nsen. Ladɣa, wid-nni ur nettḥadar ara iman-nsen.
Isem Tala Bouzrou
Isem-agi, yeqqen ɣer wanda d wamek i tella tala-agi. Tala-agi, tezga-d d axel n yiwen uẓru d ameqqran mačči d kra, daymi i tewwi isem ‘’Tala Bouzrou’’ (Tala n Uẓru). Am wakken, daɣen, taddart-a, teččur d aẓru. Seg lebɛid, ttbanen-d yiẓra-agi am tɣaltin, neɣ tikwal am yidurar.
La silicose : aṭṭan ur nesɛi ddwa
Akken i as-yenna winna ‘’Daya i nesɛa d ayla-nneɣ, sani tebɣam ad nruḥ’’. La silicose, d aṭṭan ur nesɛi ddwa. D aṭṭan i ttaṭṭafen ineǧǧaren n uẓru, ixeddamen n lminat neɣ n uqellal…atg. Ayen yeɛnan, imezdaɣ n Tala Bouzrou, Itekk-d seg uɣebbar n ublaḍ-nni i ttruẓun neɣ i neǧǧren. ladɣa, taggara-a mi ssexdamen timacinin i unegzum n uẓru (les tronçonneuses). Deg kra n yiseggasen kan n lxedma, aɣebbar-a, ineṭṭeḍ u yettressi deg turin n yimdanen-a. Syin, ad tebdu twaɣit deg tudert n bab-is imi lehlak-a, ur yesɛi ara ddwa : taggara-s tettban. ‘’Neẓra ad nemmet s la silicose, meɛna acu ara nexdem ? Daya i nufa d axeddim. Daya i yellan da’’. Akka i aɣ-d-yenna yiwen uḥeddad ameẓyan n uẓru. Tawaɣit i tent-yugaren d akken aṭas n yilmeẓyen ur ttḥadaren ara iman-nsen : ur ttarran ara tikmamin i yimawen-nsen d wanzaren-nsen.
‘’Tikwal xeddmeɣ tabeḥnuqt, sselxaseɣ-tt s waman, tikwal xeddmeɣ kan akken’’. I aɣ-d-yenna wayeḍ. Ula tikmamin iwulmen, yesseḥbibren akken ilaq, ulac-itent deg tmurt, ɣef wakken i d-yenna yiwen n ṭṭbib n yidmaren. ‘’Zik-nni, imi s umenqar kan akked tefḍist, ur yelli ara wanect-a s ṭṭaqa. Tura imi s tmacinin, ssafagent-d aṭas n uɣebbar i yettruḥun srid ɣer turin n wid ixeddem. Yettruḥu tikwal ula ɣer iɛeggalen n twacult ma yella umekkan n umahil yeqqreb tinezduɣin.’’ I yettweṣṣi yiwen urgaz i yessnen akken ilaq lxedma-agi. S uẓru-a, i ttcebbiḥen u ttzewwiqen yimdanen ixxamen-nsen, deg Lezzayer tamanaɣt, deg Blida neɣ deg Tizi. Lxedma-agi d taẓuri yettwaqaddren aṭas, meɛna lqella n uḥader tgellu-d s twaɣiyin timeqqranin. Ugar n 20 n yimezdaɣ n Tala Bouzrou i yemmuten s waṭṭan-agi n silicose.
Aṭṭan i yellan ula deg temdint n Tkout ɣer yicawiyen, anda i ttmettaten gar 8 ar 10 n yimdanen yal aseggas. Idrimen, llan, tawaɣit, ala tin. Deg taggara-a, lhan-d yimḍebbren, ama d wid n tɣiwant n Makouda neɣ wid n sbiṭarat n Tizi Wezzu s yiwellihen i d-yettilin deg temliliyin i d-ttheggin gar-asen. Ula d Mass Youcef Limani i yellan ɣef uqerru n Tizi Production, yexdem yiwen ufetray (documentaire) ɣef twaɣit-a anda i d-yesken s telqay lehlak n silicose. Deg ufetray-a, tinigt n yiwet n tmeṭṭut, teṭṭef lehwi-w imi i d-tenna: ‘’yal ass, qqareɣ-as i urgaz-iw i wakken ad yeḥbes lxedma n uẓru imi yehlek.
Netta, yal tikkelt yeqqar-iyi : ‘’asmi ara selkeɣ lebni n uxxam i warraw-iw, ad ḥebseɣ’’. Syin, yemmut akken yemmut gma-s, s lehlak n silicose’’. Ilmeẓyen, ttmettaten i wakken ad d-ḥellin aɣrum-nsen. Ttagin ad ruḥen ula ɣer ṭṭbib i wakken ad t-ẓren imi kukran ad asen-d-yini helken aṭṭan-agi. ‘’Ur yelli d acu yellan gar yifassen-nneɣ. Aṭṭan-a, ur yesɛi ara ddwa. ayen yessewhamen, d akken imdanen-a ur sɛin ara l’assurance, mi helken, d tawaɣit ɣef twaculin-nsen.’’ I d-yenna yiwen umejjay n sbiter n Tigzirt.
Aẓru n yimedyazen ( neɣ n yimeyyazen)
Aẓru-a, yella yettusemma ‘’Aẓru n yimeyyazen’’, syin yuɣal taggara-a ‘’Aẓru n yimedyazen, ɣef wakken i aɣ-d-yenna Mass Limani. Aẓru-a, d ameqqran nezzeh ; yesɛa talɣa tessewham. Ad as-tiniḍ d amdan i t-ineǧǧren akken : yesɛa tiḥnayin d timeqqranin, nezmer ad d-nini d ifran imeẓyanen. Daxel-nsent, ad naf tira (kra n yisekkilen), unuɣen (gravures rupestres) i d-yeskanen iɣersiwen akked teswiɛen n ṣṣyada. Amekkan-a, diɣ, yettuneḥsab d aɛessas ɣer yimezdaɣ n taddart am ɣer tmetti taqbaylit s umata. Xas ulamma ammekkan-nni yettuẓerreb, meɛna yeqqim kan akken mehmel, ur yelli win i d-yelhan seg-s. Ur telli tama i yecɣeb ama irab neɣ yenger. Zyada ɣef uẓru-a, llan yiẓran-nniḍen imeqqranen : aẓru n uweṭṭuf (neɣ n ugeṭṭuf) akked yifri n Moh Moussa Aouaguenoun, d amekkan anda yettɣemi uḍebbal-agi amedyaz i mechuren deg tama n Wat Wagennun.
Moh n Moussa Aouaguenoun (1838-1936)
Ɣer Wat Wagennun, Moh n Moussa Aouaguenoun, yecba Si Moh Ou Mhend neɣ ɛad yugar-it. Yella d amedyaz ameqqran u yerna d aḍebbal. Yettruḥu ɣer Fransa anda yekkat timeɣriwin s ṭṭbel. Yella d igellil maḍi, yuɣal d amerkanti ameqqran. S wakken yerẓen wawal-is u yettciri, yuɣal d amciwer n Wat Qasi : ttcawaren-t deg yal tadyant. Mechur aṭas s tmedyazt-is imi ula d ljiniral Hanoteau d Etourneau usan-d ɣur-s, bɣan ad d-rren tamedyazt-is ɣer trumit. Yewwi-ten-id Belkacem Oukaci ɣur-s. Myagaren deg ssud n lexmis n Boudjima, nnan-as : ‘’ad ak-nefk 4 doro ma tebɣiḍ ad aɣ-ten-id-tefkeḍ ad ten-id-nner ɣer trumit.’’ Netta yenna-asen : ‘’ad xemmeɣ.’’ Belkacem Oukaci, yettaḍṣa, yenna-as :’’4 doro, ad txemmeḍ !?’’ Ass-nni 4 dodo d imelyaren n tura. Mi uɣalen ddurt-nniḍen ɣur-s, yerra-asen-d s usefra-a :
‘’I
yeqqwa lwerd n Rebbi,
Alamma megreɣ taɛfart.
Lḥila, tettagem, trennu,
Lamana, tugi tačart.
Ma mmliɣ-as Nnbi i Uṛumi,
Awer yecfeɛ deg-i laxert’’.
Seg yimir, ṣsarwan-as tid n unyir.
Ali Ou Mhend deg ‘’la bataille de Staoueli (1830)’’
Asmi i d-tekcem Fransa tamurt n Lezzayer, ruḥen seg tama-agi n lebḥar i wakken ad nnaɣen yid-sen. Yewwi-ten yiwen qqaren-as Ali Ou Mhend n taddart-agi n Tala Bouzrou i wakken ad kken deg ‘’La bataille de Staoueli’’. Asmi yexṣer deg umennuɣ n Boudouaou, iruḥ ɣer Iloula, yezdeɣ din. Akka tura, yiwet n taddart tewwi isem-is, taddart-a, qqaren-as Aït Ali Ou Mhend seg tama–agi n Iloula. Yemmut deg umennuɣ n Touarga, yemḍel deg taddart-is, Tala Bouzrou.
Krim Belkacem deg leɛnaya n yimezdaɣn tama-agi nTala Bouzrou
Tarbaɛt tamezwarut yeffeɣen ɣer umadaɣ deg useggas n 1945, deg Lezzayer akken ma tella, n tama-agi n Tala Bouzrou, Makouda. Llan deg rebɛa yid-sen, ha-ten-in : Akli Babou, Ali Rabia, Bachir Ahmed d Semaoun Ahmed. Ihi, asmi yenɣa Krim Belkacem lqayed-nni deg taddart-is, yesla s terbaɛt-a, dɣa, iruḥ-d ɣur-sen. Syin d afella, yerna-d ɣur-sen Ouamrane akked Ali Mellah. Qeddcen deg tama-agi n Makouda.
Rabah Bitat d Moh Said Kasmi
Mi d-qqimen kra n wussan i wakken ad tekker tegrawla n Lezzayer, yuɣ lḥal Rabah Bitat yenna-asen heggaɣ-d ugar n 100 n yigrawliyen ara yesṭerḍqen amenzu n unbir deg temnaḍt n Blida. Asmi i d-qqimen 3 n wussan, yufa-d iman-is weḥd-s. Dɣa, yenna-as Ouamrane :’’walit kan ass i deg ara teṭṭerḍeq, irgazen llan.’’ Ihi, yekker Ouamrane yenna i Moh Said Kasmi n Tala Bouzrou i wakken ad yawi irgazen n tama-agi ɣer Blida i wakken ad tt-sekkren dinna. Yuɣ lḥal lan wid yesnan Blida imi xeddmen din. Iruḥ ugraw n 21 n yigrawliwen. Deg taddart n Tala Bouzrou i nnejmaɛen asmi ferqen tirebbuyaɛ-a akked leslaḥ ara yesṭerḍqen amenzu n unbir deg Tigzirt, Iɛezzugen d Blida.
Lwilaya tis 6 tlul-d s lmendad n yirgazen n tama-agi
D Ahmed Chafai d Ali Mellah i yettukelfen mebɛed agraw n Summam s tlalit n lwilaya tis 6 deg lgirra-nni. Ihi, tikli tebda s yigrawliwen n tama-agi n Makouda, llan ugar n 120. Syin rennun-d ɣur-s armi wwḍen ɣer umekkan anda i tt-id-xelqen. Ɣef wakken i aɣ-d-yenna Mass Youcef Limani.
Kra n teqsiḍin d tmucuha
Tameṭṭut
n Tala
Yenna-d Dda Mohend : ‘’acḥal n tikkal i d-tetteffeɣ tmeṭṭut s daxel n tala-agi (Tala Bouzrou). Akken ara tt-twaliḍ, dɣa, ad tuɣal ɣef daxel-is’’. Aṭas i d-yeqqaren nwala-tt, ɣef wakken i aɣ-d-yenna. Ass-a, tala-nni, bnan-as-d ssur. Yessexṣer akk udem-is ayen yeǧǧan Dda Moh ad yezɛef ɣef lecɣal am wigi. Tayeḍ. ‘’Yal mi ara d-yaweḍ Lmulud neɣ lɛid ad nsel i tmeɣra daxel n uẓru-agi n tala. Nettɛedday-d, nsell i ṣṣut n wurar, yeɛmer’’. Ikemmel yeḥka-d.
Ameksa aɛeggoun
Zik, yiwen kan umeksa i ikessen i taddart neɣ i uḍwar kamel. Yal wa s nnuba. Nnan-d asmi ara yeks yiwen urgaz i wumi qqaren aɛeggoun, tezga tetteddu-d yiwet n tfunast n zyada yid-s. mi d-tewweḍ ɣer tama n uẓru n tala-nni, ad tekcem ɣer daxel n yiwen n yifri yellan deg ublaḍ-nni. Akken, akken, armi d yiwen wass, yedda yid-s umeksa-nni aɛeggoun ɣer daxel.
Akal
igedlen
Taddart n Tala Bouzrou, akal-is d aẓru dɣa. Xas tebɣiḍ ad txedmeḍ tafellaḥt, ur tezmireḍ ara : yeččur d ablaḍ. Tella yiwet n tmazirt, akal-is dayen igerrzen i tfellaḥt, meɛna ur yelli kra yeẓẓan deg-s. mi nesteqsa ɣef ssebba n waya, nnan-aɣ :’’tamazirt-a, iɛedda lqern fell-as ulac anwi i tt-ixedmen. S kra n win ara tt-ixedmen, ur yettɣellit ara lɣella-s imi yettmettat uqbel. Ihi akka i teqqim d ddaɛwa ar tura’’. Deg taggara, ad snemreɣ Youcef Limani, Ferhat Tizguine, Ramdane Zaâtri, Dda Mohend akked yimezdaɣ n Tala Bouzrou akken llan. Yeffeɣ-d yakan i tikkelt 1u deg useggas n 2016.
Hocine Moula


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Acnyal n Lmɣrib
Acnyal n lmɣrib iga yan ucnyal nna s ttussan tgldit n Lmɣrib zɣ usggwas n 1915, kraḍ isggwasn bɛd listiɛdmar n Fransa. Izuggaɣ akk, tili gis yat titrit tazgzawt mm smmust tɣmrin ɣ tuẓẓumt n ucnyal.
Tamsalt n ucnyal amɣribiy bu titrit mm sḍist tɣmrin.
Ikʷlansnfl
Acnyal n tmazirt n Lmɣrib gis sin ikʷlan: Azggʷaɣ d uzgzaw. Ɣ tuẓẓumt nns tettrs yat titrit mm smmust tɣmrin.
Amzruysnfl
Icnyaln iqburn n tmazirtsnfl
Acnyal n Lmɣrib ɣ uzmz n Idrisiyn gr 780 d 974.
Acnyal n Lmɣrib ɣ uzmz n Imrabṭn gr 1073 d 1147.
Acnyal n Lmɣrib ɣ uzmz n Imwaḥḥidn, 1147–1248.
Icnyaln yaḍn ɣ umzruy n tmazirtsnfl
Acnyal n Tagduda n Rrif (1921–1926)
Acnyal n Tanja adɣar agraɣlan (1923–1956)
Acnyul n Lmɣrib ddu listiɛmar n Fransa (1912–1955)
Acnyul n Lmɣrib ddu listiɛmar n Ṣbanya (1912–1956)
Icnyaln inamurn yaḍnsnfl
Ẓr ulasnfl
Izdayn n brrasnfl
- Lmɣrib ɣ Flags of the World
- Icnyaln ɣ umzryt n Lmɣrib, FOTW

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Aṭṭan
Aṭṭan d tagnit targamant yettaɣen tafekka n wemdan neɣ agerru-ynes ayen i d-igellun s usenzem d uɣilif neɣ tamumt deg twuriwin d utmelli i wemdan yugmen (i yuɣ waṭṭan). Irem n waṭṭan d win yettusmersen (yettusxedmen) i wsenmel n yal ugur afekkan neɣ Tikdewt neɣ tamsedfart neɣ isekna isetmellayen (yessɛyawen) neɣ ibeddilen irnawen deg tmuska n twuriwin. Tasnaṭṭant tga d tamusni yeɣɣaṛen aṭṭanen-a. Ma d tamusni yeɣɣaṛen asesmel anarray n waṭṭanen yemgaraden iga d Tusemelṭant. Ma d tamusni yezdin yakk aṭṭanen n wemdan d tirrayin n usennefru-nsent isem-is tasnujjya
Dɣa aṭas n waṭṭanen zemren ad aɣen ula d iɣersiwen ama d imegruden (wid yettidiren ɣer wemdan) neɣ d izagiren (wid yettidiren deg lexla). Tazrawt n waṭṭanen ayti imekknen iɣersiwen isem-is abidaṛ.


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Wp/shi/Izrfan
Izrfan n ufgan
Iffuɣd lbriḥ amaḍlan n izerfan ufgan, aseggwas n kumraw d tam 1948 gh tasut ad lligh nella, taswingemt gh tarurt n lebrîh ad s tmazight tlul gh dar imeslayn n tamesmunt tamaynut n tawsna d isfalkiten umadan gh dujanbir 1989.
Tadumkalt
Lligh d tussna s tirrugza izuzdren gh kaygat yan gh imeslayn n tawja n ufgan d izerfan nnes ingaddan, zzegnin, ad yegan tagarat (tarselt) n tderfit, taghdemt, d ufra gh ddunit,
Lligh d attu n izerfan ufgan yiwi s isekkirn n traàit lli isigsen afrak n tefgant, ig awttas lli sa ttlin mdden kulluten, ad tlal yat ddunit, lligh rad ifejjij kaygat yan s tderfit n inaw, d taghalt, isderfi gh tawda d lâz.
Lligh d iqqan ad yeg uzerf amarar f izerfan ufgan adas ur ik bezziz ad inker gh tigira f temurrant d traàit. Lligh iga gh wammas n tghawsiwin tasdawst n tsimghuri n tzdayin fulkinin nger tiwunak.
Lligh d imadan n tmttin munnin sawlen dagh gh umqqen f liman s izerfan ufgan mqqurnin d tirrugza n kraygat yan, d izerfan ingaddan n irgazen ula timgharin, biksen tuggas ad seftun timghuri wamun, allen aswir n tudert gh wallun n tderfit irruten.
Lligh d tiwunak timeslayin semqqent f tmawast d tmettin munnin, ad sekrent f timghuri n izerfan ufgan d tderfiyin nnes meqqurnin, uqern tent.
Lligh d tussna n izerfan ad d tderfiyin ad ad dar tamagart meqqurn ay ttiskar s umqqen ad, hatti:
Agraw yuman n tmettin munnin ar yaqra s lberîh ad n ddunit s izerfan ufgan, mas iga aswir ittidran lliyegan awettas ad t lkmen imadanen d tmettin kulluten, ad yemmagh kaygat yan, negh kaygat tarabbut gh wamun, lebrîh ad gh umnid wallen nnes, ad ssimghuren luqqer izerfan ad d tderfiyin ad, s usselmed d tnekra, ttiskarent tazzeliwin mdêfurnin f uswir n tmizar d uswir n ddunit ad sisenssen midden gh ddunit kullut, nger tiwunnak timeslatin s ixef nnsent d imdanen n ikalen lli illan h ddu tmasayt nnsent.
Imir amezwaru
Ar ttelalen midden kulluten gan iderfiyen, negaddan gh tirrugza d izerfan, lan anli d ufrak, illa fellasen ad smsnaran nger-atsen s iman n tagwemat.
Imir wis sin
Iga gh izerf n kaygat yan ad ifejjij s izerfan d tderfiyin lli d yuckan gh lebrîh ad, bla kra n usnûhyu, zund asnûhyu s uferdis, negh aklu, negh tazaka, negh tutlayt, negh ddin, negh amnad asertiy, negh kra n umnad yâdnin, negh azûr n tmazirt, negh wi wamun, negh win tmaxirt, negh win tlalit, negh d kra n usures yâdnin, ad ur yili nâhya nger irgazen d tmegharin. Smed i mad izrin, ur ad yili kra n usnûhyu, ittyasayen f usures asertiy, negh asures n uzerf n tmazirt, negh akal isderfen, negh illa gh ddu tmadîrt, negh tyasas tbendit nnes s kra n usekref.
Imir wis krâd
Ila kraygat yan izerf nnes gh tudert d tderfit d tafrat n ixef nnes.
Imir wis kkûz
Ur tezri tessumga n kra n yan. Tgdel tessumga d tesbbabt n isemgan gh isursen nnsent kulluten.
Imir wis smus
Ur a ittifsar hêtta yan ufgan i usmrret, ula tifgurin, ula ismensnaran icceqqan, negh asdâr n tirrugza.
Imir wis sdîs
Ila kaygat yan ghin gh illa ad as ittissan s tixeft nnes n uzerf.
Imir wis sa
Negaddan midden kulluten gh mnid n uzerf, lan kulluten izerf ad fejjijen s yat tmmestant immerwasen, bla asnûhyu, ghikli kullu darsen izerf gh yat tmmestant inegaddan mgal asnûhyu lli itteggren i lberîh ad, d usiss f kra n usnûhy zund wad.
Imir wis tam
Ila kaygat yan izerf ad ifettu s tinebâdin (lmâhkamat) n tmazirt, a fellas rarent iskkiren lli ittggern i izerfan nnes meqqurnin lli yas ifka uzerf.
Imir wis tezzâ
Ur izri wammâz n hêtta yan ufgan, ghikli ur izri ad t ssemrin negh t zzugen hakkak.
Imir wis mraw
Kaygat yan dars izerf, s tnegaddayt nger as d wiyyâd, ad ttizra tmukrist nnes gh yat tinetnbâdt inderfen ighêzan, yan izri yughden gh tazzalt ad tsengiri gh izerfan nnes d imafelaten nnes d tlumas d tnaghatin lli fellas ittâren.
Imir wis yan d mraw
Ar ittegga wan ilumsen s kra n n tnaght amelsi ar kigh yuzer s tazzalt gh tintenbâd gh lan isugar n tmenàrt fellas. ur ad yuzzer yan s kra n usekkir negh tagayt n usekkir amer igh iga mayan tanaght gh uzerf n tmazirt, negh azerf n ddunit gh uzemz lligh ittuyskar.
Imir wis sin d mraw
Ur ittifsar hêtta yan i ukeccum n hakkak gh tudert nnes, negh tawja nnes, negh tuzdeght nnes, negh tibratin nnes, ghikli ur ittifsar i tassayin f uddur nnes d tenesflidt nnes.
Imir wis krâd d mraw
Kaygat yan dars izerf nnes gh tderfit n umattay d ustay n umras n tuzdeght nnes gh ugunes n iwwutta n kaygat tawwunkt. Ila kuyan izerf nnes ad ifel kraygat tamazirt, tekcem gisent hêtta tmazirt nnes, ghikli dars izerf nnes ad sis yurri.
Imir wis kkûz d mraw
Kaygat yan dars izerf ad yamêz asgelf gh tmizar yâdnin, negh t yurem s trula gh userfufen. Ur ar ittefjij s izerf ad yan izrin gh tintenbâd s tanaghin ur igin tin tsertit, negh iskkiren lli imyagalen d iwettasen n tmettin munnin d isentiyen nnsent.
Imir wis smus d mraw
Kaygat yan dars izerf ad ifejjij s yat tawemanit. Ur tezri tuwekkast n tawmanit i hêtta yan s hakkak. Ghikli ur izri ad ittikkas izerf n usennifel n tawmanit.
Imir wis sdîs d mraw
Kud nna ilkem urgaz d temghart tizi n iwel ar darsen ittili izerf ad iwlen, skren tawja, bla kra n isekraf n uferdis, negh tawmanit, negh ddin. Darsen izerfan inegaddan igh rad iwlen d igh rad llefen (rzêmen).
Ur ittiskar utgar n iwil (lkaghêd llitihal) abla s tayri n imestggaren lli iran ad iwlen sis, bla kra n usbezziz.
Tawja aygan taferdist tamagant izwaren gh wamun, dars izerf ad tefjjij s tmestant wwamun ula tawwunkt.
Imir wis sa d mraw
Kaygat yan dars izerf nnes ad ittâf wâhdut, negh idra d wiyyâd.
Ur tezri tuykkast n uyda i hêtta yan s hakkak.
Imir wis tam d mraw
Kaygat yan dars izerf nnes gh tderfit n uswingem, d ufrak, d ddin. Izerf ad yuma tiderfit n usenfel n ddin nnes, negh aghal nnes, d tderfit n usiwel fellas, s usselmed d usekkir n tzaliwin nnes gh trekwesa, negh tazalt, wâhdut, negh d trabbut nnes.
Imir wis têza d mraw
Kaygat yan dars izerf gh tderfit n umnad (annay) d usiwel. Izerf ad yuma tiderfit ad yasi imnaden nna yera, bla kra n ukeccum, d wayecabba s ineghmisen d isewingimen, ihêbbelten, yawi ten, isak ten nger midden s imassen lli yera, s mekna yera, bla isekraf n iwetta.
Imir wis simraw
Kaygat yan dars izerf ad isemsli ger temsmunin d trubba n ufra. Ur izri usebzziz n yan ad isemsli gh kra n tmesmunt.
Imir wis simraw d yan
Kaygat yan dars izerf ad yawes gh tesmyallayt n tghawsiwin umanin n tmazirt nnes, swa s ixef nnes, swa s ineflas ittistayen s tderfit. Kaygat yan dars izerf lli yellan dar wiyyâd an walan tizayzin umanin gh tmazirt nnes.
Tayri n umadan ad yegan taghbalut n tmasayt n tnebâdt. Ar ed immal tayri yad s isemstayen zddegnin, kaygat tawalt, ar zrayen s ustay n trekwsa, ngaddan kullu gisen midden, negh kra n tgharast yâdnin tt irwasen, isugren tiderfit n ustay.
Imir wis simraw d sin
Kaygat yan, s tmeslayt nnes gh wamun, dars izerf nnes gh tsugart n wamun, d wad as ttifkan, s tfasa n tmazirt nnes d tin tmawast nger tmizar n ddunit, izerfan nnes n tdamsa, d win wamun, d win tnekra, llid iqqan i tirrugza d timghuri iderfen n tixeft nnes.
Imir wis simraw d krâd
Kaygat yan dars izerf nnes gh twuri. Tili dars tderfit n ustay n twuri s tiwetlin llit isusmen, ghikli dars izerf n tmmestant gh ucummer.
Kaygat yan dars izerf gh tighrad inegaddan n twuri, bla kra n usnûhyu.
Kaygat yan, igh isker kra n twuri, dars izerf gh tigherad ighdmen, lli rad as isuger netta d tawja nnes, tudert lli d imcuckan d tirrugza n ufgan. Ar as ittismad – igh tid yiwi uzemz- imassen yâdnin n tmmestant wamun. Kaygat yan dars izerf ad isker anemalu, netta d wiyyâd, negh t isekcem, ad ismmesten isâhaten nnes.
Imir wis simraw d kûz
Kaygat yan dars izerf gh uswunfu d tizi yugan, yili dars izerf gh uswuttu inlan n tiseqqal n twuri d uswunfu ittifran, kaygat tawalt.
Imir wis simraw d smus
Kaygat yan dars izerf gh uswir n tudert lli yudan, ad izmer tadawsa nnes d ubughlu nnes netta d tawja nnes, yuma mayan ametcu d isnaraten inebzazen wamun. Yili dars izerf gh tsugart n tudert gh tsursin n ucummer, d tmadûnt, d ugdem, d tudgalt, d twesri, d mad tent irwasen gh tejlayt n imassen n tudert s usrag (azakkak) n tiwetlin d ikkan berra n tayri nnes. Immiten d wazan darsen izerf gh tiwsi d tawit izêlin. Ar tfejjijen wazzan kulluten s tmmestant ingaddan zund igh lulen gh tzedayt n iwil (litihal) zund igh lulen gh berra nnes.
Imir wis simraw d sdîs
Kaygat yan dars izerf gh usselmed. Ifukk ad yeg usselmed, beàda gh tferkiwin timezwura timegratin, fabur, ifukk ad yeg usselmed amezwaru anebzaz. Ifukk ad yamu usselmed n tzûri d win twuri, irxu f kaygat yan ad ikcem s usselmed ufella s tengaddayt ikmmelen nger as d wiyyâd f tegrat (tarselt) n tzidâr. Ifukk ad teswates tenkra tasimghuri n tixeft n ufgan, timghuri ikmmelen, d tesdusi n luqqer izerfan ufgan, d tderfiyin nnes timegratin, d tissemghuri n umecucku d umesaraf d tiddukla nger imadanen, d trubba n uzûr d ddin kulluten, ghikli ifukk ad teswates asmad n tfasa n tmettin munnin f tmmestant n ufra. Id babaten ad dar illa izerf izwaren gh ustay n wanaw n tnekra i tarwa nnsen.
Imir wis simraw d sa
Kaygat ixef dars izerf ad idru s tderfit, gh tudert n wamun amwassan, ghikli dars izerf ad ifejjij s tzuriyyin (isefalkiten) d tmawast gh ufara n tussna, iswasêha gh theyyatin nnes. Kaygat ixef dars izerf gh tmmestant n isâhaten nnes n tsekla d tedrimt lli d ilulen gh tyaffut nnes n tussna negh tasekla negh tazûri.
Imir wis simraw d tam
Kaygat yan dars izerf ad ifejjij s yan ugerra wamun n ddunit lligh rad ilin izerfan d tderfiyin llif isawel lebrîh ad, ttiskarent gis.
Imir wis simraw d têzza
Kaygat ixef llan fellas imaflaten i wamun lli yas iskaren i tixeft nnes ar ttimghur timghuri idrefen ikmmelen. Ur a ittebendaq yan, gh usekkir n izerfan nnes d tderfiyin nnes amer isekraf lli isers uzerf ad isuger tussna s izerfan n wayyâd d tderfiyin nnes, d luqer nnsent, d usekkir n iwennan ghdemnin n ugerra yuman, d usâha yuman , d tnekra ifulkin gh wamun adimkrat. Ur izri gh hêtta yat tsurest ad tiskaren izerfan ad s yan manik imyagalen d iwettasen n tmettin munnin, negh isentiyen nnesent.
Imir wis kra mraw
Ur illa gh lebrîh ad yan imir lli yegan ad ittifsar is ad yakka i kra n tawwunkt, negh kra n trabbut, negh kra n ixef izerf ad isker kra n usekkir lli rad ixlu izerfan d tderfiyin lli d gis yuckan.
Iɣbula
Irur t s tmazight : Hassan Id Balkassm, Brahim Ubella, Ahmed Raghib, Lahocine El Jouhadi, Ussus Mohamed, Bat Omar, El Farkhessi Mohamed, Ben Ihya Lahocine, Ouagrar Mohamed.
Izdayn n brra
- (tfr) JurisPedia, encyclopédie juridique universelle en ligne sur http://fr.jurispedia.org.
- (tfr) [1]


text:
Dima, [ZW][MẒ] toujours – siempre – دائما
Agdawal: aha, rebda.
Imedyaten:
Dima yettɛeḍḍil akken ad d-yaweḍ ɣer uɣerbaz – Il arrive toujours en retard à l’école – Él siempre llega tarde a la escuela – يصل دائما متأخرا إلى المدرسة
Jida ur tettili dima deg wexxam, ma grand-mère n’est pas toujours à la maison – mi abuela no está siempre en la casa – جدتي ليست دائما في البيت
Qrib dima tturareɣ takurt n uqecwal mi ad d-ffɣeɣ seg uɣerbaz – Je joue presque toujours au basket-ball après l’école – Yo casi siempre jugaba béisbol después de clases –
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text:
Abrid i reglen as-nreẓ asalu
Deg neɣ Win ieewjen at-id-nesselhu
Tamurt ieetben as-nekkes azaglu
Amcum ɣ-icekben ass-en at-niru
Limmer ad-ferz'eɣ tberned tafsut
Si mebeid ad-cummeɣ rriḥa n ttbut
eemdeɣ ad ɣabeɣ ad nfuɣ si tmurt
eemdeɣ ad ẓleɣ deg rebbi n lmut
Ufan-aɣ abrid wigi s nig-neɣ
Nettẓeyyir lqid i yiman-neɣ
Aya lweqt ajdid iyad ɣafer-aneɣ
A nfek i wemɣid amḍiq ger-aneɣ
Ɣurwat wi taysen as-tinim tekfa
Times ɣi zedɣen deg ulawen ur-tensa
Widak si-qaṛṛen Tamaziɣt tefna
D wid iɣelten ayen ud-ḥarn ara
Paroles2Chansons dispose d’un accord de licence de paroles de chansons avec la Société des Editeurs et Auteurs de Musique (SEAM)


text:
Abunsay
Abunsay (seg tajaponit 盆栽, bonsai, asuddim seg tacinwat 盆栽, pénzāi, « aẓẓu, at lethud s yemɣi deg taqbuct »), yella deg wensay n ccinwa, d tejra s yezra , ma deg wensay n japun, d tejra deg taqbuct. Tejra neɣ imɣi yagi tarrant tetɣima kan d tamecṭuḥt s wefras, daɣen teqnen-as icegawen-is. tbeddil-as taqbuct iwakken as farsen iẓuran-is yefren akk d tid yellan sufel n wakal (nebari), iwakken atsarren am tejra deg umadaɣ.
Amezruy n tẓuri[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Nezmer ad nini, timlilit n wemdan d tbunsayt n ugama teḍra-d deg ugama. D tidet, deg tazwara d agama i d-yurwen isekla uɣricen neɣ ayen i umi nettini tabunsayt n ugama. Meqqin isekla-a deg wakal n yidurar neɣ ayen umi neqqar amedɣaɣ. Iger-asen tamawt wemdan, yufa, gemmunt tbunsayin n ugama deg wakal igellil ur neṣliḥ ara i yemɣan nniḍen s umata. Acku mi ara yemɣi useklu deg yir akal, seg wakken yenḥaf, iɣerrec, yettxaṣṣa ama deg teɣzi ama deg tehri. Tlul-d tẓuri n ubunsay deg tmurt n Ccinwa. Snulfan-tt-id ineḍfaren n ddin acinway. D nitni ay yesduklen imɣan d useklu, ẓẓan-ten deg uḥabus. Rennun i uḥabu-nni tawennaḍt ay deg ttidiren yemɣan d yisekla am yedɣaɣen d waman...atg
Iswi n waya akk d aslali n twennaḍt meẓẓiyen n ugama deg yexxamen-nsen. Yeḍra-d waya i tikkelt tamezwarut, ɣef wakken d nnan inmezrayen, deg tallit n tgelda n Ihaniyen (les Han). D tagelda yellan seg 2o6 qbel Ɛisa ar 220 seg d ilul. Ttbut n waya, Ufan yemnuda aẓekka deg 1971 n ugeldun Zhang Huai yemmuten deg 705. D ageldun yedren deg tallit n tgelda Tang (618 ar 907). Ufan deg uẓekka-nni yiwet n tfelwit n teklut icebḥen. Teskan-d tfelwit-nni, sin iqeddacen n ugellid, wwin-d ger ifassen-nsen iḥabusen n wakal. Deg iḥabusen-nni, llan yemɣan akked tbunsayin. Maca zwaren-ten s uẓu n yemɣan deg uḥabus yiferɛunen. Zik, teẓẓun yiferɛunen imɣan ssexdamen i wucci d tesnajya. Snulfan-d aḥabus ahat i wakken ad ttawin yid-sen imɣan-nsen mi ara beddlen amḍiq. Azal n 4000 iseggasen aya seg-mi teẓẓun iferɛunen imɣan deg uḥabus.
Sakin, ɛanden-ten Yegrikiyen, Yibabiluniyen, Yifarsiyen d Yihendiyen. D amedya n ugama, d beqqu n wemdan ad d-yessemɣi aseklu akked teẓgi meẓẓiyen deg wexxam-is i d-yesnulfan taẓuri n ubunsay. Deg tallit-nni macci “Abunsay” i seqqaren, qqaren-as icinwiyen : Penjing (pénjǐng 盆景). Abunsay d isem d yekkan seg tutlayt Tajapunit. Deg tgelda n Qin (220 - 581) ay d-yennulfa wuẓu n yiwen useklu deg uḥabus. Ibeddel yisem n tẓuri, uɣalen ttinin-as Pansai(pénzāi 盆栽).
Tekcem-d tẓuri n ubunsay i tikkelt tamezwarut ɣer tmurt n Japun ger lqern wis XI d wis XII. Wwin-tt-id ineḍfaren n Tbudit, tedda-d d unekcum n ddin Abudi ɣer tmurt n Japun. Sakin, tekcem ar tmurt n Kurya. Deg tmurt n Japun i tennarna tẓuri n ubunsay.
Fɣen-d deg tallit-nni sin yedlisen imezwura deg umaḍal yefkan ilugan i wesbunsey n tbunsayt, ssufɣen-d kra iɣaniben.
Ɛeddant tsuta n yinaẓuren, ar assa, yal yiwet deg-sent tewwi-d kra. Yal tasuta terna-as i tẓuri n ubunsay cbaḥa, tefres-as ayen ay icemten. Tennerna tẓuri n ubunsay, teḍfer akud am tẓuryin nniḍen deg umaḍal amedya n teklut , tasreɣta ...atg
Teffeɣ-d i tikkelt tamezwarut tẓuri n ubunsay seg tmurt-is Japun, Ccin akked Kurya ɣer umaḍal deg useggas 1909. Deg temzikent tagraɣlant ay d yeḍran deg tmanaɣt n tmurt n Legliz, Londre, ay bdan ttissinen yemdanen d acu ay d abunsay.
Assa, ggtent tmura yesɛan iɣerbazen yesselmaden taẓuri-a akked tiyaḍ. Sselmaden tiẓuryin n yiǧuǧǧagen , tid n yisekla imudduren (Abunsay), n yimɣan izegzawen (Ikebana) akked yimɣan ikiwanen (Affar).
Afras n yiẓuran[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Afras n yiẓuran yettili-d s umata yal sin neɣ kraḍ iseggasen, neɣ tikwal mi ara nbeddel aḥabus i tbunsayt-nneɣ.


text:
Wp/shi/Urlyus Ugestinus
Ugustan n hipun niɣd s talatinit (Aurelius Augustinus ) niɣd s tafransist (Saint Augustin ). Iga yan ɣ ifulusfn imaziɣ iɣatarn. ilul ɣ tama n taɣast ɣ tamzɣa (ɣil suq ahras ɣ tamurt n Dzyr) as n 13 novembre 354 s asggas amaziɣ as nwis 31 ktubr 1304 ittumḍal ɣ 28 ɣuct 430 ɣ Hipun (ɣil Eannaba ɣ Dzayr). Ayt dars gan kullu imaziɣn mac ar ttinin masd ibbas itfr irumiyn niɣd (Afrikkic arumi), innas uhu (Tafrikkict ilillin). Ar ittara s talati nit ig yan ɣ Kkuẓ iɣatarn n tmzgida Tarumit ɣ ussan ns imzwura. Iɣatarn ad lli igan Agrram arumi s tafransist (Saint ) Ugustan, Agrram Umbrwas , Agrram Jirum s tafransist (Saint Jérôme ), Agrram Grigwar amzwaru s tafransist (Grégoire Ier ) d 33 ṭalb n tmzgida tarumit. Ikatulikiyn ar bdda skarn tafuɣla n tamṭṭalt ns graygat as n 28 ɣuct (15 ɣuct amaziɣ). Ait uɣtuduks nttnin aras skar n tafuɣla as n 15 yulyu (2 ɣuct amaziɣ).


text:
Si ger tullizin id yefYen deg wammud-a , nefren-awen yiwet sYur Yazid Bulma . Tullizin n Yazid (War isem, Ammer… d TiYimit d lbaṭel), d Smaeil Eebdenbi (Lunğa, Kker a mmi ) cubant isefra am akken ara twalim deg tullizit n wass-a d tin id newwi ass yezrin.D tidett d tameqqunt n tjeğğigin i win iten yeqqaren( Yas akken ur nefhim ara acuYer awal: tijeggigin yers deg wezwel s usekkil “z” ) .
Tikwal dYa, Smaeil yessedad ula d isefra am di tullizt “Lunğa”, am akken yettuYal ar tayri-ines tamezwarut : tamedyazt.
Γas ad ters tmeqqunt n tjeğğigin, taYuri tekfa, taqsiṭ ad tidir deg wallaY n imdanen , yal wa amek yettwali tettkemmil tullizt.
Amor Rekis
TiYimit d lbaṭel
Yiwen wass tidett tleḥḥu d webrid-is, ata lbaṭel iluḥeq-itt.
-Ass-a ad-neqqim a tidett, ad d-nini tiquranin, aeyiY, anida ddiY deffir-I, anda tewwḍed-d, ma subbeY tuliḍ, ma uliY tsubbeḍ. Ass-a ad tt-nefru; ini-d mačči d lebYi-m a tidett ?
-Qrib ad ttenger ddunit. Ayagi d-yefYen seg yimi-k yessefraḥ ad yili imeṭṭi, anda telḥiḍ negreY, anda truḥeḍ d axeṣ̣ṣ̣ar, yal wa amek ara isuY, wa ččan-t, wa ufan-t, wa nYan-t, wa neṭṭlen-t d amuddur, wa yettru wa yettuYu. Yal wa d acu t-yuYen, ansi bYiY ad –d flaliY a k-afeY a lbaṭel deg webrid-iw, cerweY-tt merriYet akken ad rreY tikerkas d ṭṭlam deg idis, akken ad d-tḍil tafat-iw . Ur teshileḍ ara, d axṣ̣im meqqren .
-Ad neqqim ad nefter, ass-a d tameYra, ur nettemfraq ara alamma…dYa ad nekcem Yer dagi kan ad nefter.
Tidett tebYa ad tesefhem lbaṭel belli ad as-anfen ar ass nniḍen imi ulac Yur-s idrimen, maca lbaṭel yeṭṭef deg wawal-is, imi s Yur-s ara fetren, d netta ara tt-yefrun “akken yeqqar”.
Tidett d lbaṭel qqimen ad ččen, awal yettawi-d awal, seg umeslay Yer wayeḍ, ur ssusmen ara armi yekfa wayen d-yersen. Lbaṭel yekker iruḥ ad ixelles s axeddam-nni, yenna-yas kra imeslayen I uxeddam-nni dYa isuY:
-Amek akka ulac ṣ̣ṣ̣erf ?
Ata yuzzel-d umeellem . udem-is d azeggaY si leḥya:
- Ṣṣert-aY, d acu yellan akka ?
Axeddam s lxuf I ihedder, yessehfhem ameellem belli ur yelli I s d-yefka, yerna tidett attan dihin I teqqim. Ameellem iqelleb Yer tidett akken a tt-yesteqsi, maena lbaṭel yezwar-d Yer awal:
-Ha! ha! Tidett ma tenna-d tidett ilaq a t-xelleṣ̣ amur-is .
Yazid Bulma


text:
Tasɣunt n Naqd tessuffeɣ-d uṭṭun uzzig ɣef wasaḍ arifi Ɛbedlekrim LxeṭṭabiAkwas, 22 Yulyu 2021 12:21
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Tessuffeɣ-d tesɣunt n Naqd, yemmuzzgen deg temsal tinmettiyin, yiwen n wuṭṭun d uzzig i usfugel n umulli wis 100 n tmiwta tamezruyant n Anwal aydeg d-yerna unazbay amɣarbi Ɛebdelkrim Lxeṭṭabi taredsa taspenyulit.
« Asefru i Ugeldun Abd el-Kader », d adlis i d-yesmektan iseɣwan yellan gar Lezzayer akked PulunyaAkras, 16 Yunyu 2021 14:41
LEZZAYER TAMANEƔT - « Asefru i Ugeldun Abd el-Kader », d adlis i d-yettwahergen seg yiwen n uḍris udyiz yura umeswengim ameqqran apuluni Cyptian Kamil Norwid ɣef Ugeldun Abd el-Kader seg d-yessukkes, deg lqern wis XIX deg Dimecq, igiman n yimasiḥiyen seg tmettant, yettwaẓreg-d i lmend n usfugel n tiwḍin n sin leqrun seg d-ilul umedyaz-a, deg ukatar n umbiddel adelsan azzayri apuluni.
Aselway Tebboune: Izzayriyen ttṛajun seg Fṛansa « asteɛṛef d ummid » s wakk tijrimin ay tgaAkwas, 03 Yunyu 2021 12:56
LEZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Iwekked-d uselway n tegduda, Mass Abdelmadjid Tebboune, dakken Izzayriyen ttṛajun « asteɛṛef d ummid s wakk tijrimin » ay tga Fṛansa tahersant, am wakken ay d-yerna dakken asteɛṛef s tejrimin-a d yiwet seg tɣawsiwin d-yesskanayen atubu.
Ass n umezraw d amekti n udraw n tillumẓa tazzayrit deg uslelli d tmeṣkiwt n tmurtAkras, 19 Mayu 2021 09:51
LEZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Asfugel n wass aɣelnaw n umezraw, deg 19 Mayu, d win d-yesmektayen s udraw n tillumẓa tazzayrit deg uslelli d tmeṣkiwt n tmurt-nnes yernu yella-d waya, aseggas-a, kra kan n wussan deffir usfugel n wass aɣelnaw n tkatut ass n 8 Mayu.
Amezruy n Lezzayer: Aciri unṣib n terga n tliẓri n « Takatut »Asamas, 01 Wamber 2020 12:59
LEZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Icar-d uneɣlaf amenzu, Abdelaziz Djerad, ass n usiḍyas, s wudem unṣib, targa n tliẓri n « Takatut » yemmuzzgen deg umezruy n Lezzayer.
Lezzayer d Fṛansa: Llan-d yisurifen deg temsal n tkatut ula ma mazal ttkemmilen kra ackaṛ n usehresAsimwas, 10 Yulyu 2020 14:57
LEZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Deg wakud aydeg ulint-d kra n tuɣac deg Fṛansa, ssuturent-d seg tmurt-a ad testeɛṛef s tucciḍin ay tga deg tallit n yizri-nnes ahersan (takriḍt, tijrimin mgal talsa), wiyaḍ mazal bɣan ad kemmlen ad d-zzin s uɛrur i tekriḍt timiɣeft ay d-yellan deg tallit-nni, am wakken ay ttkemmilen cekkṛen-d « idisan umnigen n usehres ».
Azbu n tmeṭṭut n Tefriqt n Ugafa - AsaragAsinas, 16 Yulyu 2019 17:36
TIBEST – Ad d-yili usarag agraɣlan gar 28 d 30 Ctembeṛ ay d-yetteddun deg Tibest ɣef uzbu n tsednan deg umezruy aqbur n Tefriqt n Ugafa, ɣef wakken ay d-yenna umaru amatu n Useqqamu Unnig i Timmuzɣa, Si El Hachemi Assad.
Aẓrag n udlis i usmal n usmel asenzikan n Siga – AmasayAsamas, 23 Ctembeṛ 2018 15:06
ƐIN TIMUCENT – Yessuffeɣ-d Useqqamu Unnig i Timmuzɣa adlis d amaynu ɣef usmal n usmel asenzikan n Siga i lmend n ussuddes n usarag agraɣlan ɣef tgelda n Yimasisilen d umyager n Siga deg 206 uqbel Sidna Ɛisa, d asarag ay yebdan ass n usidyas (ssebt) deg Ɛin Timucent, ɣef wakken ay d-yenna umaru amatu n Useqqamu Unnig i Timmuzɣa, Si El Hachemi Assad.
6 n tedwilin tisnetlanin ara d-yilin deg usarag agraɣlan ɣef Sifaks - AmasayAsinas, 11 Ctembeṛ 2018 09:50
WEHṚAN – Asarag Agraɣlan ɣef Sifaks, ara d-yilin gar 22 d 24 Ctembeṛ deg Ɛin Timucent, ad d-ilint deg-s 6 n tedwilin tisnetlanin ara gen yimnadiyen iɣelnawen d yiwerdaniyen, ɣef wakken ay d-yenna, ass n usinas (letniyen) umaru amatu n Useqqamu Unnig i Timmuzɣa, Si El Hachemi Assad.
Areẓqi Lbacir neɣ nnif n uzbu – AmmektiAsinas, 22 Mayu 2018 15:26
TIZI UZZU – Deg wass n 14 Mayu 1895 ay as-bbin iɣef s lfinga i Ureẓqi Lbacir sdat wammas n temsetla tafṛansit deg Yiɛeẓẓugen (Tizi Uzzu), d argaz ay d-yeǧǧan isem-nnes deg umezruy n uzbu mgal ussehres afṛansi.


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Deg yiwet n tdiwennit i yefka i uyalas "El Massa", yezzireg-d Mass Belhimer dakken aɣref azzayri « yefka i umaḍal yiwet n temsirt tamelwit, s umussu aɣerfan n 22 furar 2019, yewwḍen ɣur tqacuct n tlelli, n tiwwin akked tefrit i wakken ad yerr akala n lebni aɣelnaw s abrid-is, yuɣal d uggug i wid irewwin akked wid ibeṭṭun yerna yesseɣli adrar n usgufsu i qrib snegren imal n tsutwin i d-iteddun ».
Amussu n lḥirak aɣerfan i wumi ara nesfuggel aseggas-is wis sin yuɣal d « tawelha i yiɣerfan akked tedɣar, d uggug daɣen mgal n wakk inessisen yemgarden yellan deg yiẓeḍwa inmettiyen akked yisemlen n telɣut meckuken i yerran d annar n wawal ».
Yerna yenna-d dakken Anabaḍ « iga yiwen n umazrar n yisuḍaf i wakken ad yewwet ifukal-a n tkerkas yerna ad yuɣal d ugur deg ubrid n tigawin timcenga n yicenga i yesmahalen tallunin n wanternet i wakken ad zzuzren ssem-nsen ».
Yezzireg-d dakken iḍrisen n yisuḍaf yerzan talɣut taliktrunant « ad aɣ-tessiweḍ akken ad nekkes akk ckukat ɣef urmud n tɣamsa taliktrunant yerna ad tefreq gar umsadur akked yiḥeffaḍen n usadur yellan ddaw leɛnaya n teswasin n dir i ur nzemmer ara ad aɣ-d-drren ɣer deffir.


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taddart n ssi pmad n tgmi d ussgmi d tussna tga yat tmsmunt iswurrin bla iqaËiän, ar tssuwwuri v ifni d tsga n ayt baomËan v iffus açlmaä n lmvrib.
tlul d tannayt n tgmmi ssi hmad v tirmiwin n isntitn n tgmi lli ittuskarn v tnmalayt n ssi pmad drhm lli ittuskarn v wayyur n maËã 2008
asvlaf
taddart n ssi pmad n tgmi d ussgmi d tussna(taddart n ssi pmad) asvlaf nns igat ad tskr izmaz buvlanin i tsga d i middn imzdav n ayt baomËan d i imdrawn akk n isntitn n tmsmunt ad .
Dar Si-Hmad tskr isntitn n ussgmi afad ad ttskr asdus n uswwuri n imzdav mac ula azrak n isugam n ugama d umnaä .
Dar Si-Hmad asvlaf nns igat asbuvlu d upÏÏu n tussna d wayda advaran, ad ig ansa d imiss n uzuzzr n umzruy n tsga d tg ula almuqqar n tusniwin n ugns ula bËËa .
iwttas :
awttas amqËan n taddart n ssi pmad n tgmi d ussgmi d tussna ad tfk yat tudrt iplan i imzdav n tsga n ayt baomËan s tuskra n isntitn imaynutn lli rad yawsn imzdav ad lkmn aylli s svawsan afad ad içäiËn ad fukkun timukrisin lli d tiwi tmrniwt n umun .
ar tskar tmsmunt ad isntitn lli rad inf3u imzdav akk d lli ganin win bdda d lli itzragn içlayn n tussna d n umzruy d tin umnaä n tsga ad.
iwttas ad rad tuskarn s umaynu n tmassant tasyuntifikt p tvawsa n ticulujit d tiknulujit d umsillif n mussn.
igran n imussutn nnp
s umcacka d imzdavn n tsga ad (middn, tawjiwin, d ljmaot) tavuri,d tuskra tasdudt n isntitn
lli rad issutg isugam idvarann. tiwisi p tuskra n imussutn lli iskcumn iqaËiän i tawjiwin bac ad sbuvlun tudrt nnsn takuyast.
annuËçm n tsga ad f usilf n tussniwin s ussutg n tutlayt taqburt d tussna , amzruy d tçuËi d ãinaoa taqburt (s tuskra n usbser).
ilmuqqarn d assilf d imdrawn nnv, inbgiwn d ibËËanin lli tirrinin ad ttawsn v twuuri ad, kullu ma ad ar d ittawi yat tuwwuri d ussitg icwan d yan urmas ngr mddn sawalnin tutlayin, d ddar ddiyana d jinsiyat mzaraynin d lli ittajan tussniwin ad msawalnt .
tuskra n uvawas akadimi d usnnubc f iffus , d usmurs n tucrka iffus- iffus , d imyassatn ikadimin yusoanin afad ad nlkm yat tussna iguttn i tsga ad ( tinidlisn, tinawin d timssirdin titnugrafitin )
tabibliyugrafit : tudrt n ssi pmad ddrhm
ssi-pmad drhm, iga zv tsga n talust yan uäuwwaË v idrarn n laÏlaã amçyan n ayt baomËan, iskr labas p tsbbabt lli isker p tgariwin n 1930 , yiws bahra p tgmi n tsga nns mqqaË timukrisin n tsrtit lli illan tizi ann d lli cqqanin .
willi skrnin dar ssi-pmad (tigmmi n ssi pmad ) iwin d imnzayn n ssi pmad ddrhm lli igan yan umnzay iggutn n tbadadt d walli iskrn p usslkm n tussna yat tuwwuri issutgn ,
s ccaxãiya nns iqwan içäaË ad ibdu tiwisi afad ad if yat tudrt içiln i imzdav, mac tawurri ad drun giz imzdav akk n ayt baomËan d win ããpËa,
imkkasan nns skrn tiggmi n ssi pmad (dar ssi pmad) afad ad slkmn imnzayn nns d ad pafän f lkusit ad issutgn .
tudrt n ssi pmad ddrhm tussan s imuzza stawhmmanin n umzruy n tsga ad , ntta nit s ixf nns idru p tuskra n umzruy ad . timktit nns d tuwwuri nns uddernt ukan sul h tsga ad .


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Amgaru aɣarim n Spenyul
Amgaru aɣarim n Spenyul d amgaru i deg nnuɣen wid yebɣan ad rren Spenyul d tigduda d wid yebɣan ad teqqim tgeldit si 1936 ɣer 1939.
Sakin, seg useggas-nni d asawen, d Franco ay yernan wid yebɣan tigduda u d netta ay yuɣalen d aqerru n leḥkem di Spenyul.
Di 1947, Franco yerra-d tageldit ɣer Spenyul, d acu kan, ula d yiwen ur yettalas ad yili d agellid ala kan ma yuɣal Franco ur yezmir ara ad yeḥkem neɣ yeɛzem ad yeǧǧ lehkem i ugellid.
Di tallit-nni akk n leḥkem-is, Spenyul tuɣal d tamurt i deg ttwagedlen (interdit) yikabaren isertiyen akk d tdukliwin, yernu ala kan d taspenyulit ay d tutlayt yesɛan aẓayer (statut) di tmurt-a. Imawlan n tutlayin nniḍen akk n Spenyul (tabaskit, takatalant, tagalisit, atg.) llan ttnaɣen akken zemren akken ad sɛun izerfan-nsen idelsanen.
Dɣa yiwet si tmiwa ay yenṭerren aṭas akk si lbaṭel n Franco d tama n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen i deg ay d-tennulfa terbaɛt timselleḥt n ETA, ay yebdan imenɣi i lmend n uzarug (indépendance) n Yibaskiyen. Franco yemmut di 1975, u temmut yid-s tallit-nni n lbaṭel ameqqran.
Seg wass-n d asawen, tennefsusi ccedda i deg llant ttidirent tutlayin timeddursa (minoritaires) di Spenyul, u ttunefken-asent akk yiẓuyar (statuts) di tmiwa i deg ay tent-ttmeslayen.
Tamselyut[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- imedyazen sɣur Omar Mouffok


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Ungal amezwaru n Samir Toumi, « Lezzayer, tiɣwist », ullis ameddurman n 165 n yisebtar, i d-yeffɣen deg useggas n 2013 deg teẓrigin Barzakh, iglem-d « s ubhat, terẓeg akked tayri», d yiwen « n unadi ɣef yiman akked wansi i d-yekka », yexleḍ akked « tririt n nnefs » n yiɣladen n Lezzayer tamaneɣt.
Ameskar ur yeḥbis ara seg tikli deg umussu uslig n « usekker akked uswinnes », tamdint-is ideg d-ilul i t-yewwin ɣer « telqey n tkatut-is » akken ad yeḥku, s usegget n yisuɣan n yiɣisiyen i yis i d-tegla znezla tasertant ».
Ssissnen-d Samir Toumi am yemsikel yettawlen n temdint n Lezzayer akked tzenqatin-is.
Yeffeɣ-d deg Yulyu 2021, seg teẓrigin « Astrate edizioni », « Algeri, il Grido » yegla-d s temlilit-a, gan-tt, azal n sin n yisragen n ukud, yimeskaren igejdanen n umaynut-a aseklan.


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Awar n Arebbi s Tmazight n Arrif
Ṯarifiṯ
Vous êtes ici
Ṯuḏarṯ n Siḏna Nuḥ s ṯmaziɣṯ n Arrif (Ṯarifiṯ)
Ṣenneṭ i ȓebƹaḏ n lʼayaṯ zi ssura umi qqaren Imezwura zeg wuḏem wis 6 aȓ 9. Ṯessawaȓ x Arebbi wami imḥa iwḏan x ṯmurṯ ḏi ȓiyyam n Siḏna Nuḥ, ṯtarjem ḏanita s ṯmaziɣṯ n Arrif, iƹni ṯarifiṯ.
Ɣer ḏanita x uɣarrabu igga Siḏna Nuḥ ƹlaḥsab awaȓ n Arebbi, ḏeg wuḏem wis 6 zi lʼaya 11 aȓ 22: Ikṯar ccerr ḏ lfasad ḏ imenɣan x ṯmurṯ qibač i Arebbi. Tuɣa xmi ixezzar Arebbi ɣar ṯmurṯ itwara-t ṯƹemmar s lfasad ȓaḥeqqac tuɣa iwḏan marra ffɣen abriḏ. Inna-as Arebbi i Nuḥ: "Yiweḍ ukemmaȓ n marra min iddaren ḏi ddunect ȓaḥeqqac iwḏan ccuren ṯamurṯ s imenɣan. Ƹlaḥasab manaya aṯen mḥiɣ niṯni ḏ ṯmurṯ. Egg i yixef nnec ij uɣarrabu s ukeccuḍ n ȓcejjur iy ṣebḥan, ṯeggeḏ aɣarrabu ḏ ṯizeddaɣ, dhen-iṯ s barra ḏ ḏaxeȓ s ṯizefṯ. Ha mamc ḏas ɣa ṯeggeḏ: Egg ḏayes miyya u xemsin mitru ḏi ṯuzeggwarṯ, xemsa u ƹicrin mitru ḏi ṯiriwt, xemmesṭac mitru ḏi ȓuƹȓa. Egg ṯizeqqa n uɣarrabu ṯejjeḏ taman n uzyen mitru jar ṯzeqqa ḏ ssarjem, egg x yij n jjihet ṯawwarṯ. Ṯeggeḏ ḏayes ṯȓaṯa n ṯzeddaɣ icten x ṯenneɣnit. Nec aqa ggureɣ aḏ ssekkeɣ ȓfayaḍan n waman ɣar ṯmurṯ bac aḏ qḍiɣ marra uw iǧa arruḥ, ḏ marra min iǧan x ṯmurṯ aḏ immeṯ. Maca cek, akic ggeɣ ȓƹaheḏ uca aḏ taḏfeḏ ɣar uɣarrabu cek, ḏ ṯarwa nnec, ḏ ṯemɣarṯ nnec, ḏ ṯemɣarin n ṯarwa nnec.
Itxeṣṣa-cek akiḏec ṯsiḏfeḏ ḏeg uɣarrabu ṯiyuya zi marra lḥayawan awṯem ḏ ṯewṯemt, ḥima aḏ qqimen uȓa n niṯni iddaren. Ṯawiḏ? akiḏec zi marra lmakla itwaccen, xemmeȓ-it ɣarek ḥima aḏ tiȓi ḏ lmakla i cek ḏ lḥayawan." Uca igga Nuḥ marra s min zi ṯ yumar Siḏi Arebbi.
Droits d'auteur © 2021, Awar n Arebbi s Tmazight n Arrif


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Yura t: M.Essanoussi
Aṭṭas zeg wami war ten ẓriɣ. Kuř ijjen man abrid ikka. Ijj innuri deg ixf nnes, ijj iweddar, ijj iḥuz ixef nnes, ijj immenz, ijj izzenz ixf nnes nnit. Qqimen tnayen, yina zeg inni i iffɣen abrid n weydud, udfen deg webrid n weɣnas; ddaren jar řbiɛet d lbiyɛa!
Aqa nezdeɣ deg ijj wakud, war dayes qqimen ca yeɣyař tmenzan di řeswaq. Dewřen yewdan tmenzan deg wemcan nsen. War iqqim ḥed iteqqen iɣyař deg iyyaren niɣ ɣar tzitunt n tařa; iɣyař n yiḍa -ijj itweṣṣa wenneɣni- qqaren i wayawya: ‘war ttarra iman nnek d aɣyuř, aqa yaɣyuř ungař war inekkar ca řaṣeř nnes’.
Sennej i manaya, war iqqim ḥed innay x weɣyuř, řexxu nnayen x yewdan! War iqqim ḥed itegg tbarda x weɣyuř, idweř teggen t x yewdan uca nnayen xas iqqrinen nsen. Aɣyuř zi řebda-u ɛad řux- war issudum (a)fus i wmas aɣyuř, war itqunjeř ɣar tmurt amecnaw mammec teggen řexxu inni i tuɣa isḥundruten x tesɣart n bnadem d tesɣart n ineřmaden (imeḥḍaren) d tesɣart n tmedɣa (prolétariat)! iḍa tasɣart nsen ufin t mani nneɣni, maca s weɣnas d usudem, d tarebbut n txancet.
Mařa nedweř ɣar mammec i ssawařen iwdan jar asen, ntaff ‘amawař aɣyuř’ qqaren t i bnadem, amecnaw:
– Ijj n weɣyuř icmet ayi.
– A ruḥ a yaɣyuř!
– Wenni d aɣyuř waha.
Sennej i manaya, mařa nedweř ɣar Tmaziɣt n zic, aɣyuř qqaren t i ‘yini’ (initen=colours) n teřmect n weɣyuř; war tt qqaren ca i wɣersiw (animal). Aɣyuř, itmetta x tɣennant, itmetta x ijj n webrid u min ɣares!!! war iǧi ɣar bnadem. S uyenni i yeqqim d aryaz, war iǧi amecnaw inni izzenzen ixf nsen s tewriqt n ṭṭiyyara ssa ɣar diha …d cwayt n tṣabunin zeg usensu (hotel).
Řexxu ad awem iniɣ tnayena min ɛnan. Ḥaca ad iřin d iɣyař! Yina zeg inni iqqaren aqa: ‘Afus ur tezmired ad tYezzed suden-itt’. Aṭṭas zeg wami, twafarnen ca iɣembab ḥuma ad iřin deg wayraw n Imeɣarbiyyen n tmura n barra. Tnayen twafarnen zi tmurt n řweḍa. Tuɣa scanan taryast nsen, sḥundruten řa nitni deg uraren, řuḥen wussan usin dd ggin xasen tbarda, ggin asen srimet uca ssehwan ten ɣar wazzay ameqqran ḥuma ad carcen di řbiɛet n yayetmatsen.
Ař ami xeccen, iwyen ten ɣar řmedwed, ccin, arrin ufuẓ, wařden, farḥen, uca yus dd ɣarsen ijj! inna asen aqa tibardiwin nni war xawem dd usint. Qqimen tazzřen ssa d ssa, tazzřen x řeswaq arezzun tibardiwin. Řuḥen ɣar řgurnet, ufin tawmat iɣyař ẓummen, ggin l’iḍrab, maca kuřci nsen ibedd…(…) imezzuɣen bedden ɣar usawen, izeǧifen ɣar ujenna. Di tgeřdiwin (kingdoms) nsen, war ɣarsen srimet, war ɣarsen tbarda.
Urar ggur ad ibda….xseɣ ad iniɣ asudem d weɣnas ggur ad ibda, nihni ɛad war ufin tibardiwin. Ssekken d ɣarsen nnan asen “dewřem d s urabeɛ , xargem d min i ɣa tafem zzatwem, aqa nufa min xawem d ɣa yasen, nufawem iɣareynen! d icemřařen!”. Udfen ɣar wazzay ameqqran, geyyren ijj zzat i wenneɣni, trajan….uḥřen rajan. Tuɣa din ijj iggur xasen, iqqar asen mamec i ɣa ggen ad ɣensen ɣar tmurt!
Uḥren rajan, bab n wurar war imẓar. Ssenni řaɣan dd xasen ɣar ijj n wazzay nneɣni, nnan asen aqa ad kenniw neksi ɣar ijj n řgurnet tiggʷej, dini i ɣa tɣensem, ad tmaremcem; ggin ten di řkiran, iwyen ten ɣar řgurnet nni. Ař ami iwḍen, ufin din bab n wurar. Settfen ten ijj warni wenneɣni, trajan ɣir meřmi i ɣa yawḍen ad ɣensen. Ijj zi tnayen nni, yuca aked ca-ɣar tcarmin- jar iḍaren nnes, inneqřeb ɣar umeddukeř nnes, inna as:
-‘tuceɣ ad raḥeɣ ad ffɣeɣ x uzeǧif inu’.
Yarr dd xas wenneɣni s taɛrabt, inna as: ‘iwa ɣir ṣber waha a RRa-fiq! Maɛṭaw lekc pampers?’
Indar dayes tiṭṭawin, inna as: aɣyuř mařa iwḍa ad yekkar, acekkam mařa iwḍa ad yarrez!
Ssenni třaɣa dd xasen Mamma mi ijarwan tenna asen: tqadiɣ kenniw x twasit nwem, maca asudem d weɣnas aqa izwaren ɣares imeqqranen nwem, kenniw ad dewřem ɣar tmura nwem!!; wenni i ɣa izzenzen (aytmas) s uɛarric, ad iɣebba aɣnas d usudem s ukemmic….maca men ɛac!
…řexxu tḥajit n tnayen a teqḍa, zeg wami i d as sřiɣ abeɛda nec…bdiɣ tweqqareɣ iɣyař..niɣ amec qqaren ifransisen: Plus je connais les gens, plus je respecte les animaux.
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Lmɣrib
- Iɣ ur igi wad amgrad lli tsiggilt, kcm s tasna n Mrrakc bac ad tẓrt akkʷ imgradn nna dar illa yism zun d wad !
Lmɣrib (s tutlayt tɛrabt : « المغرب », al-Maɣrib ; s ugmmay n tfinaɣ : « ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ », Lmɣrib) nɣ s ism nns unṣib Tagldit n Lmɣrib (s tutlayt tɛrabt : « المَمْلَكَةُ المَغْرِبِيَّة », al-Mamlaka al-Maɣribiya ; s ugmmay n tfinaɣ : « ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ », Tagldit n Lmɣrib) tga yat tmazirt, ig yan wawenk igan tagldit, tlla ɣ iẓẓlmḍ s tagut n tafriqt, tg yat zɣ tmizar n tamazɣa. Tmaẓunt nns iga-tt Rrbaṭ, d tiɣrmt da akkʷ gis imqqurn tga-tt Tigmmi Tumlilt.
Timdinin nns imqqurn gan-tn Fas, Mrrakc, Sla, Mknas, Agadir, Asfi, Ṭanja, Tiṭṭawn, Wujda, Lɛyun, Lḥusima, Bni Mllal, Lqnḍrt, Warzazat d Ddaxla. Iḥudda-tt-id zɣ ugafa ill agrakal, zɣ yiffus Muriṭanya, zɣ lqblt tamazirt n Dzayer, zɣ tagut iḥudda-tt-id ill Aṭalanti. Tamazirt ad tɣʷi kra n 710.850 km², d zdɣn gi-s kra n 36 id myun n middn iɣ nẓra tqdirat n usggʷas n 2019[8]. Iga Lmɣrib agmam ɣ ammas n Iwunak Munnin zɣ usggʷas n 1956, d iga yan zɣ tmizar lli-d iskrn Tamunt n Lmɣrib Mqqurn ɣ usggʷas n 1989[9].
Teṭṭaf tmazirt n Lmɣrib yan wanaw n tnbaḍt ig tgldit tadusturant, agllid nns iga tt Muḥammad wis-sḍiṣ, nttan ad ittnbaḍn tamazirt zɣ usggʷas n 1999 lliɣ immut babas Ḥasan wis-sin. Teṭṭaf tmazirt ad ula yan udustur ar si-s tswuri zɣ usggʷas n 2011, nttan a f ṣwwṭn tugt n inmuran.
Anssixf nɣ awazir amzwaru lli illan ɣil-ad iga-t Ɛaziz Axnnuc, lli igan anssixf n Ugraw Anamur i Insimann.[10]
Aẓur n yism[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ism n « Lmɣrib » ikka-d taɛṛabt. Anamk nns iga-t ɣilli ɣ ttggz tafukt. Ittyussan daɣ Lmɣrib ɣ dar imaratn iɛrabn s « almaɣrib alaqṣa » (المغرب الأقصى) lli t-igan « Lmeɣrib nna akkʷ yaggugen », s unamk n « adɣar akkʷ yaggugen nna ɣ tteggez tafukt ».
Ism n Amṛṛuk s tmaziɣt « ⴰⵎⵕⵕⵓⴽ » iga asmẓi n yism anṣli Murakuc nɣ Mrrakc, aẓur n ism ad igat « Amur n wakuc », Assinf ad iwin-t-id irwas tutlayin tiṛumiyin, ḍfṛn kullu ismawn lli akkant tmizar yaḍn taɣarast ad. Ar ttinin ifransawiyn « Maroc », isblyuniyn « Marruecos », Ibrtqqizn nɣ d iburtuɣaliyn ar ttinin « Marrocos », Ngalza ar ttinin « Morocco », Ilalmaniyn ar ttinin « Marokko ». Abla iturkiyn lli as ittinin « Fas », d iraniyn lli as ittinin « Murakuc ».
Ism aqbur lli s tettussan tamazirt n Lmɣrib igat « Muriṭanya », tkka-t-inn tagldit n Muriṭanya tga tagldit nna akk izwarn ɣ Lmɣrib, tsmun Lmɣrib n ɣila d tmazirt n Muriṭanya d imik ɣ Dzayr ( Ẓr Muriṭanya bac ad tssnt uggar ). Tfrn tt-id ismawn yaḍn zun d Mrrakc dar lmurabitin, d Fas.
Amzruy[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Azrmzruy[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Adɣar lli ɣ illa Lmɣrib ɣilad ikka-tt-inn ittuyzdaɣ zɣ uzmz aẓrwan aqbur, ɣ kra n wakud illan gr 190.000 d 90.000 m.ɛ (mnid ad ilul ɛisa). Tlla yat tiɣri tamaynut tzḍar ad tml mas t-inn ikka Lmɣrib ittuyzdaɣ qbl akk tarix ad bɛd ma d ufan kra n ixsan n ufgan azayku ma mu ttinin Homosapiens tama n uftas n yill aṭlasi ɣ udrar n Iɣud lliɣ asn skrn taḥalil ufan mas lɛmr nnsn ar itturri s 315.000 q.ɛ, ɣayad ad yujjan ixsan ad ad gin tilli akk iqburn ɣ umaḍal akk[11].
Ɣ uzmz anaẓran (n uẓru) amaynu, uckand iṣyaḍn d imksawn, staqrn ɣ ṣavana n idɣarn nna. Tadlsa nnsn tsfalkay aylliɣ ibda waman ar t ittiliḥ bɛd 500 q.ɛ s ssbab n isnfal n unzwi. Idɣarn lli illan ɣ taman yill n Lmɣrib ɣ umzwaru n uzmz anaẓran amaynu tkka-tt-inn tmunn ddu yat tdlsa n lfxxar d tadlsa n idɣarn n yill agrakal. Tɣuriwin n tarkyulujit mlan masd ttadjin n tfunasin d tkrrazt s sin-itsn kkan-tt-inn ɣ uzmz ann. Ɣ uzmz n iɣir, tadlsa tajirsit tlkm ɣ-akud-ann s ugafa n Lmɣrib.
Azmz aqbur[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tuckit n ifiniqin s iftasn imurwakucin yiwi s tsutin n unbaḍ n imẓẓin g yiẓẓlmḍ n Lmɣrib. Isbbabn ifiniqin iflayn tamnaḍt nɣd tasga n tagut ɣ yill umlil agrakal dat n tasut tiss tamt dat n tlalit n Ɛisa d dffir nns s imikk ṣkan tisgiyin n tisnt g yiftasn d isaffn n Lmɣrib. D gr timntawin mqqurnin izwarn n ifiniqin tlla g Cala, Liksus, d Mugadur.
Tucka-d tɣrma taqṛṭajit dat n tasut tiss smmust dat n tlalit n Ɛisa d tsmuzza n tkiriḍt nns ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n tafṛiqt. Qṛṭaj trna tazdiwin n tsbbabt nns d tqqbilin timaziɣin, d ar asn takka aqqaṛiḍ ku asggʷas afadd ad tḥḍu amyawas nnsn g tsarwa n tngiwin timzwura.
Zzɣ tasut tiss kṛaḍt dat n tlalit n Ɛisa, tkkatt inn Muṛitanya tga tagldit taqqbilit tamaziɣt g ugʷmmaḍ agrakal n Lmɣrib, agllid i kullu iqqbuṛn ittussann mas inbḍ tagldit ad igat Baga, lli ynbḍn ɣ tasut tiss kṛaḍt dat n tlalit n Ɛisa d dffir nns yucka d Bukus amzwaru i ynbḍn gr 100 d 80 dat n tlalit, igldan imaziɣn ur ar yadlli bahra kkṛḍn iftasn, taɣawsa lli yssrxan akccum n iṛumin, ɣ-akud-ann aɣulnt kra n tsgiwin g Muṛiṭanya tga tamsddurruyt taṛumit g 33 dat n tlalit, d taɣul dffir nns kullut g usggʷas n 40 dffir n tlalit lliɣ inɣa umnukad Kaligula agllid Amuri Baṭelimus.
Unuɣ n takuct Diyana g Walili, Ṛuma tkkṛḍ ikaliwn n Muritanya, i yadlli ur bahra ittuswttan, s imsasatn d tmyaqqanin d tqqbilin tiẓuṛanin d g udɣar ad ig azzaɣ asrdasan, d tsiriw tissas nns ɣar f tsgiwin iɣ a yadlli tlummaẓ gis, d iɣ ur a bahra tsɣawsa kigan n isrdasn afadd attn t tḥḍu .
Tamnaḍt ad taɣul tga agzzum ɣ tamnukda n Ṛuma d yaɣul wassaɣ nns igat Muṛitanya Taṭnjit d tga tɣrmt n Ṭanjis nɣ Ṭanja amnru nns. ɣ tizi lliɣ inbḍ amnkad aṛumani Agsṭus, inbbaḍn n Muritanya taṭnjit lli yadlli inbḍn tasgiwin n yiffus n Vulubilis nɣ Walili. Kra n inmzrayn ar ttinin mas tlm tamnukda taṛumanit ar Anfa (Ɣila tga Tigmmi tumlilt s yism).
Ɣ usggʷas n 285 tffuɣ tamnukda taṛumanit ɣ Lmɣrib d uckan-d iwindaln igan tiqqbilin zzɣ tamazirt n ijiṛmanin, d ḍaṛat nnsn Iquṭin d Ibiẓanṭin. Ɣ tizi yad kkantt inn middn g idrarn ur tn isdurri awd yan, is tn yadlli nbḍn inbbaḍn d imɣarn zzɣ gisn. Ackn-d ilmma wid iskarn tiɣri i tamasiḥt s Lmɣrib g tasut tiss snat, d kra n middn izdɣn g iḍuṛan ad d ismgan d kra n imkrazn kcmn s usgd ad amaynu lli tn id ilkmn.
Azmz anammas[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Azzaɣ amuslm n tsga n Lmɣrib amuzzur, issntin ɣ tuẓẓmt n tasut tiss sat n tlalit, d imurs g ussnti n tasut tiss tamt. Azzaɣ ad yiwi d Lislam d tutlayt tasrɣint s Lmɣrib. Dffir nns yiwrri Lmɣrib iga agzzum g uwank amawi g tfṛiqt, d isnbaḍn n ku tasgiwin ar ttustan zzɣ dar asnbaḍ imqquṛn g Lqirawan s tqbilin timaziɣin lli ikcmn lislam,macc awxxa ɣikan ɣaman f uslgn nnsn iqqbuṛn, d fkan argay I wawank amuslm amaynu. Uckan d kra n tqbilin tisrɣinin s Lmɣrib zdɣn gis d skrn tigldanin nnsn, zun d Ṣalḥ Bn Mnṣuṛ lli iṣkan tagldit n Nkkur d ifsr Lislam gr imzdaɣn n tgldit nns, tugtt n tikkal dffir lliɣ ar ttilin kigan n imnɣan.
G 750 tel, tiqqbilin timaziɣin nkrn mgal n tgllit tamawit. Tagrawla tssnta g dar tiqqbilin illan g tagut n Lmɣrib d tfsr dɣya g tmnaḍt kullu. Waxxa tagrawla tdrus d s 742 tel, urta tlkm Lqiṛawan, d ur sul ẓḍaṛn dffir nns isnbaḍn imawin nɣd ignsas nnsn iebbasin ad siwrrin anbaḍ nnsn f tagut n tfṛiqt. Lmɣrib g tizi yad iffuɣ afus n yimawin macc yiwrri ibḍa f kigan n tglda timaziɣin mẓẓinin zun d: Ibuṛɣwaṭin, Sijilmassa, Nkkur, d rnu fllasn Tilmsan, d Tahrt i yllan ɣilad g Dzayr g usggʷas n 789 tel, ittugma wawank aydrisi inbḍn Lmɣrib f g ufus n Idris iwis n Ɛbdllah, i yadlli irwln zzɣ yat tmdayt g usggʷas n 786 tel, d ifta s tɣrmt n Walili d tbrrkt taqqbilt n Uṛaba tamaziɣt, dffir nns issnta inmuzun nns ar kiɣ ilkm awank n Tamsna, Fizaz, d Tlmsan. Ar kiɣ t inɣa Haṛun Ṛṛacid s ustci, ilmma yumẓ iwis Idris wiss sin anbaḍ dffir nns lliɣ dars 12 usggʷas. Afrux ad igad argaz d issmɣur anbaḍ nns ar kiɣ yumẓ Lmɣrib kullut, d iṣka tiɣrmt n Fas.
Lliɣ iḍṛ unbaḍ Aydrisi, d zzɣ usggʷas 1060, ssntan t tidfrin timaziɣin ar ttnbaḍn Lmɣrib, Awank amzwaru gitsn iga t uwank n Imṛabṭn zzɣ tqqbilt n ilmtunn lli iḍfuṛn i tqqbilt imqquṛn n yiẓnagn. Awank n Yimṛabṭn tmurs g ad tsmun tamazirt n Umurnwakuc. Dffir n Yimṛabṭn uckan d kigan n tglda tiyyaḍ zun d Imwwuḥḥidin, Imarinin, Iwṭṭasn, d Isedin yat tḍfuṛ tayyaḍ d kraygat yat ar tskar amnru nns g iɣrman imqqurn g Lmɣrib ɣakud ann. Tiɣrmin ad ar ttussanent ɣilad s tiɣrmun n tamnukda tamurwakucit. D ḍaṛat n tasut tiss 11 tel, buɣlan t teglda yad d urrint gan t idwasn imqquṛn g tagut n Tafṛiqt s usrag n tmnaḍin mqqurnin lli yadlli nbḍn gis d awr nttu ula Landalus. Lliɣ tḍr Landalus rurn kigan n imuslmn d udayn s Lmɣrib f yimnɣi lli ssnkrn t tgldanin timasiḥin, lli ittusann ɣilad s yimnɣan n usuwrruy.
Azmz amaynu[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
G umzruy amaynu ɣaman Isedin g unbḍ ar usggʷas n 1659. dffir nns tnunnt tdfrt n Iealawin i yadlli inbḍn tagldit n Tfilalt zzɣ 1635. tadfrt ad tules tsmun Lmɣrib g usggʷas n 1666. G usggʷas n 1684 yurrid Mulay Smaeil iwis n Ccrif s Ṭanja zzɣ Ingliz d issnta ar ismun tiɣrmin n Lmɣrib g yan wawank imunn, mqqar ugint kra n teqqbilin addiss munnt, ikkattinn Lmɣrib ad igan awank amzwaru issikzn s tsimant n Mirikan g ussnti n tgrawla tamirikanit g usggʷas n 1787. Ukan kkan tt inn tinawin timirikanin ittkkan illan n Lmɣrib ar fllasn ttakʷayn imritln imaziɣn, dffir nns iɣtes ugllid Muḥmmad wiss kṛaḍ masd ku tinawin timirikanin rad magẓnt zzɣ tukyiwin n imritln g tetgart n tiddukla ittuskrn g usggʷas n 1777. d tatgart ad tga ɣilad zzɣ titgarin tiqqbuṛin itskr Mirikan, d i sul isuln ar ɣass ad.
Zzɣ tazwiri n tasut tiss 18 ibidd Lmɣrib mnid yat tgrawla imqqurn ittuzdan d tgrawla tamgurant tussnta g Uṛupa, d yurm Lmxzn ad iskr kigan n isuɣdn afad ad imun d usrus amaynu I'll an g mnid nns, d gr isuɣdn ad:
- Issnta Lmɣrib ar issifiḍ imuzar xf islulla d ikrḍ fllasn Lmxzn ad sskṛẓn tiḍaf afad ad ur tɣama tikki d temxxart, d tssgdl asnsr n iqqaṛiḍn n tmizar n bṛṛa.
- Iṣka wawank yat tinml tamaynut g Sela afad ad gis ttuɣran timassanin timaynutin n uzmz ann, d ar takka taggazt i yinlmadn, d tṣṣifḍ ismmigln s bṛṛa.
- Zzɣ ismmigln i yeṣṣifḍ uwank, kra n inlmadn skrn asmuttg dar udfrir n Urupa n tagut, d isɣa d ɣakudan Lmxzn ilafn imaynutn d iṣka yan usakʷn n walaf g tɣrmt n Fas.
Lmxzn d tsrtit[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Lɛṣkṛ[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tadamsa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Azmz iqṛṛbn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tasrtit d tmrsal[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Angraw n tnbaḍt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Adustur d tmrsal[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Acnyal d izli anamur[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tibḍit tamssugurt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tasgiwin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ɣ usggʷas n 2015 ttusnfln tasgiwin n tmazirt aylliɣ skrn gisnt sin d mraw n tsgiwin ad tnt igan :
- 1. Tasga n Ṭanja-Tiṭwan-Lḥusima
- 2. Tasga n Agmuḍ
- 3. Tasga n Fas-Mknas
- 4. Tasga n Rrbaṭ-Sla-Lqnḍrt
- 5. Tasga n Tigmmi Tumlilt-Sṭṭat
- 6. Tasga n Bni Mllal-Xnifra
- 7. Tasga n Mrrakc-Asfi
- 8. Tasga n Dṛɛa-Tafilalt
- 9. Tasga n Sus-Massa
- 10. Tasga n Glmim-Asif Nun
- 11. Tasga n Lɛyun-Tala Tazggaɣt
- 12. Tasga n Ddaxla-Asif n Wurɣ
Timdinin mqqurnin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Llan ɣ tmazirt n Lmɣrib kigan n timdinin d iɣrman zun d ukan akk tmizar n umaḍal. Ilin kra n 70 tmdinin nna ɣ illa uggar n 50 000 umzdaɣ, talli akk gisn imqqurn tga tt tiɣrmt n Tigmmi tumlilt s yan uṭṭun imzdaɣ iqrbn ukan aylkm 4 imlyunen n middn.
Ar aɣ immal uɣawas ad lli illan ddaw as mraw timdinin lli akk imqqurn ɣ tmazirt d mnck n imzdaɣ ad gisnt illant.
Tarakalt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Lmɣrib iga yat tmazirt lli ɣ illa ttanawuɛ bahra imqqurn ɣ ammas n imuɣliyn nns, ar gis nntafa kraygat anaw n ugama, zun d : idrarn, izaɣarn, tanrẓuft ...
Iwala Lmɣrib i tmizar lli iṭṭafn wakal izdin d yill aṭlasi, izf n uftas nns igatt Ixf n Spartil, lli illan ɣ ugafa n tmazirt, ɣ tsga yaḍn n wakal ar nttafa Djabal Ṭariq, ɣ yixf ad nit aɣ itbdu yill agrakal. Ɣ iffus akk d iffus agmuḍan ar nttafa tanrẓuft tamɣrabit. Ɣ tuẓẓumt n tmazirt llan gis idrarn d izaɣarn.
Iṭṭaf Lmɣrib iwtta nns ɣ ugafa d yill agrakal, ɣ iffus Muriṭanya, ɣ ugmuḍ tamazirt n Dzayer, ɣ utaram iḥudda-ttid yill Aṭalanti. Tmazirt ad tumẓ yat tjumma n 710.850 km². Tmaẓunt nns iga-tt Rrbaṭ, d timdinin nns imqqurn gan-tn Fas, Mrrakc, Sla, Mknas, Agadir, Asfi, Ṭanja, Tiṭṭawn, Wujda, Lɛyun, Lḥusima, Bni Mllal, Lqnḍrt, Warzazat d Ddaxla.
Anzwi[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Anzwi n tmazirt n Lmɣrib ur igi yan, kraygat tsga ɣ tmazirt ad dars yan unzwi ur irwasn tasgiwin yaḍnin, ar nttafa anzwi anammasan (amutawaṣṣiṭi) ɣ ugafa n tmazirt, anzwi amuḥiṭi ɣ utaram, d unzwi anrẓufan (aṣḥrawi) ɣ iffus. Idɣarn nna ɣ illa yill gisn yan unzwi iɛdln izuzwan. Azgn n ugafa ar gis zrayn sin wannazn: annaz iɣurn (iqqurn) ar ittack ɣ gr ayyur wis-smmus d wis-tẓa n usggʷas, d wannaz lliɣ ar ittili unẓar ar ittack ɣ gr wayyur wis-mraw d wis-kkuẓ. Amma iffus n tmazirt illa gis yan unzwi igan aṣḥrawi iqqurn iḥman zun d kamit. Ar itettar unzwi n tmazirt s yat tumant tamaḍut tga tt ma mu nttini argigi n ugafa aṭlasi. Tumant ad ar tettḥkkam ɣ unẓar d udfl lli-d ittackan s Lmɣrib zɣ tsga n yill aṭlasi.
Idrarn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Uggar n tulutayn n tmazirt n Lmɣrib gis ɣar idrarn, ar tlkkm tiɣzi n kra n idrarn n tmazirt ad uggar n 4000 m ɣ iggi yill. Adrar n Tubqal ay-gan yixf n idrarn ad d nttan ad akk gisn iɣzzifn, tlkn tiɣzi nns 4167 m. Lmɣrib iga tmazirt waḥdat ɣ tmazɣa aɣ llan salasil n idrarn ikmmln ad t igan idrarn n waṭlas lli nẓḍar ad nbḍu idrarn ad s kraḍ n trabbutin: Aṭlas mẓẓiyn, aṭlas mqqurn d aṭlas anammas. Ad ur nttu ula idrarn n rrif lli llan ɣ ugafa n tmazirt, adrar lli akk gisn iɣzifn igatt adrar n Tidɣin s yat tiɣzi n 2456 m.
Idrarn n waṭlas[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Idrarn n Waṭlas gan yat trabbut imqqurn n idrarn illan ɣ tfriqt n ugafa. Idrarn ad umẓn zɣ iffus utrim n Lmɣrib ar ugafa n Tuns. Gisn ar nttafa udrar n Tubqal lli igan adrar akkʷ iɣzzifn ɣ ammas n tmazɣa s yat tiɣzi ilkmn uggar n 4000m.
Ɣ Lmɣrib, nẓḍar ad nbḍu idrarn ad s kraḍ n trabbutin, ar nttafa :
Aṭlas mẓẓiyn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Idrarn n waṭlas mẓẓiyn ɣʷin yat tjumma imqqurn ɣ wakal n iffus n tmazirt zɣ yill aṭlasi ɣ iffus utaram ar iffus agmuḍan iɣ akk tzrit tasgiwin n Warzazat tlkmt tiɣrmt n Tafilalt (tumẓ ɣin tqriban kra n 500km n uzaru). Ɣ iffus dars iwtta d tnrẓuft (ṣṣḥra). Adrar lli akk illan ɣ ugmuḍ n idrarn ad iga tt adrar n Saɣru, d iṭṭaf iwtta ɣ ugafa d idrarn n waṭlas mqqurn. Afa n idrarn ad iga tt adrar n Sirwa lli yadli igan yan uburkan, tlkm tiɣzi nns 3304 m.
Aṭlas mqqurn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Idrarn n waṭlas mqqurn nɣd Adrar n Drn gan idraren li kullu imqqurn ɣ tmazirt n umrruk. Iga Tubqal ixf n idrarn ad, nttan a-kullu gisn iɣzifen , yili ɣ tiɣzi n 4167 m. Idrarn ad bḍun Amrruk fsnat tsgiwin mqqurnin, yat bahra irɣan tḥbu fllas azazwu d yat ifan udm ns i yill ɣayn af tfulki bahra ɣ uzazwu nns.
Ar ttini kra n middn i idraran ad Adrar n Drn acku nttni ad yakkan tudrt i izaɣarn d igmmaḍn d kullu ikaliwn n tmazirt n umrruk acku nttni ad tkkan waman lli-f tbidd tudert n kraygat targant wala imuidar.
Adrar n Tubqal iga yan udrar illan ɣ ammas n idraren n waṭlas mqquṛn. Nettan ad akkʷ ittawssan nger idraren n lmɣrib acku nttat ad akk gisn iɣzzif, tiɣzi nns tugr 4000m. Adrar n tubqal assaɣ ns aẓuṛan iga tt tugga akal s tmaziɣt iga adrar i kullu yattuyn ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n tafṛiqt d wiss sin ɣ tfṛiqt ffir n udrar n kilimangaru. d illa ɣ tizult n aṭlas amqqran, ɣ tmazirt n umur n wakuc (lmɣrib) yaggug-nn s 63 km f tɣrmt n mrrakc, d ar tlkkm tattuyt ns ar 4167 mitru.
Aṭlas anammas[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Idrarn n rrif[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Izaɣarn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Isaffn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Aftas[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
ibḍa uftas amṛṛukiy f sin, f yill agrakal d ugaraw aṭlantiy.
Taɣarin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Amun[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tutlayin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Zɣ mad ittini udustur lli-d iffuɣ ɣ usggʷas n 2011, ar nttafa mas gant tutlayt taɛrabt d tutlayt tamaziɣt tanawayt tutlayin tunṣibin n tmazirt n Lmɣrib. Tantala nna bahra ittuysawaln dar imɣrabiyn tga-tt darija nɣ ma mu nttini taɛrabt tamɣrabit. Iɣ nucka ad nẓr usiḍn lli ittyuskar s ifassn n tasmirit tamattayt n usɣiws[12] rad naf mas 91.6% n imɣrabiyn ssn i yat zɣ tantliwin n tutlayt taɛrabt (90.8% ssn i darija, 0.8 ssn i lḥssanya) d mas 26% ssn i yat zɣ tutlayin timaziɣin (14,7% ssn i tclḥit, 7,9% ssn i tamaziɣt n waṭlas anammas d 4% ssn i trifit), mac tuggt n middn ckkan f usiḍn ad is nit iṣḥa nɣd iskrkisn ka aynna, d tuggt nnsn nnan mas uṭṭun n willi sawalnin s tmaziɣt idrus bzaf f ɣaylli nit illan ɣ lwaqiɛ d mas uṭṭun n imsawaln n tutlayin timaziɣin izḍar ad akk yugr 50% n imzdaɣ[13][14].
Tuggt n willi sawalnin s tutlayin timaziɣin ar sawaln ula s darija, ɣayad acku ɣ yan uzmz tkka-tt-inn tlfaza d lmidya ar tzzray kullu isuyas nnsn s darija d ur jju d zrin kra s kra n tutlayt tamaziɣt, mayad yujja kigan n middn ad akk ttun tutlayt nnsn tamaziɣt ar sawaln ɣar s darija.
Tkka-tt-inn tmazirt n Lmɣrib ɣ yan uzmz ur bahra yaggugn ddu ufus n Fransa d Ṣbanya, mayad yujja tutlayt tafransist d taṣbnyulit ad kcmn s tmazirt. Tkka-tt-inn tutlayt tafransist ɣ yan uzmz tga tutlayt tunṣibt, mac ɣila mqqar urt sul tgi, ar ka sul aqran imɣrabiyn tutlayt ad ɣ ammas n tinmal., tga ɣila tafransist tutlayt tabrranit tamzwarut ɣ tmazirt d nttat as bahra swurrin imɣrabin ɣ akk igran n tudrt nnsn slawan akk ɣ kullu mad izdin d twuri d tadamsa. Tlla ula tutlayt taṣbnyulit nna s isawal tqriban kra n 2 id mlyun n imɣrabiyn slawan ɣ ugafa n tmazirt. Tili tutlayt tanglizt ula nttat tntacr bahra ɣ isggwasn ad ggranin slawan dar iɛrrimn.
Middn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Uṭṭun n imzdaɣ n tmazirt n Lmɣrib ɣila iga tt 36.5 imlyunen n middn. S yat zyada n 1.26% kraygat usggʷas. Uggar n 100.000 ibrraniyn zdɣn ɣ tmazirt ad, aɣlabya nnsn gan iṣbnyuliyn nɣ ifransawiyn umẓn latrit nnsn nɣ gan zɣ willi txdamn ɣ timssurin tigraɣlatin. Asɣl ad n zyada inaqsd ukan yan imik ɣ isggwasn n gr 1971 d 1982, lliɣ gis tlkm 2.5%.
Ɣ isggwasn ad ggranin ar nttafa ula isuqqiyn llid ikkan iffus n tnrẓuft ɣ akk timdinin mqqurnin n tmazirt.
Ar aɣ mmaln tiɣuriwin timaynutn mas uṭṭun imqqurn n iɛrabn d imaziɣn lli ar ntfrraq gratsn s tutlayt ur tn bahra naḥya ɣ mad izdin d tanfalit tawiratit nnsn. Tiɣuriwin ad mlant aɣ mas tamhlt n usɛrrb lli ijran ɣ ammas n tmazirt txdm mzyan. Ahablugrub-Y iga yan ukrumuzum ar itdda zɣ babas i warraw nns bla ad gis ijru kra n usnfl iɣrfan s iɣrfan. Tiɣuriwin lli ittuyskarnin f imɣrabiyn tmla aɣ mas 81.7% nnsn walan i uhablugrub E (iggut bahra dar imaziɣn)[15] d gisn nit 72.6% walan i uhablugrub E1b1b[16], swa ɣ idɣarn nna ɣ ttuysawal tɛrabt wala ɣilli ɣ ttuysawal tamaziɣt[17][18].
D yan uṭṭun idrusn n middn walan i uhablugrub J (lli bahra iggutn dar imzdaɣ n ugmuḍ anammas).
Isgdan[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Uṭṭun imqqurn n imzdaɣ n tmazirt n Lmɣrib gan imuslmn, d nttan ay-gan asgd n tmazirt, d ula udustur n 2011 innat, d inna ula mas illa uzrf dar kraygat yan ad yamn s kraygat usgd iratt. Ɣ usnmkta n tmazirt ar gis ttinin mas 99% n ugdud iga amuslm, d 1% ann lli iɣaman gis insraniyn d udayn ...
Tiɣuriwin d isiḍnn lli ur gin imaddudn ar ttinin mas gr 85 d 90% zḍarn ad gin mutadayin. Isiḍnn ad ttuyskarn f ifḍan n imɣrabiyn tufa mas gr 3-14% zɣ willi d irarn nnan is ur gin mutadayinin, d 1% nnan akk is gan warasgdiyin (mulḥidin). Asiḍn n usggʷas n 2020 inna mas uṭṭun n warasgdiyin imqqur-d s kraṭ twal d mas aɣlabya nnsn gan iɛrrimn, d mas usɣl nnsn ilkmd 15% n imɣrabiyn.
Tadamsa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tawuri[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tamguri[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tafllaḥt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iqdduḥn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Taẓḍaṛt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tamallayt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tga tamdint tamṛṛukit tamzwarut lli baḥra d ittawin imallayn. ɣ usggas n 2008, Mṛṛakc dar yan uẓdar n ussns (hébergement) igaddan d 44 394 lkatri lgddam n Ugadir Agadir lli ddar illa 28 605 lkatri d Tigmmi tumlilt s 12 762 n lkatri. Ig umṛṛuk ɣaṣṣaḍ wisssin ɣ timizar ntmallayt ɣ ifriqya.
ɣid maymmalan tiskfal n ussns s lkatri n timdayyin n umṛṛuk ɣ usggas n 2008:[19]
- Mrrakc : 44 394 lkatri
- Agadir : 28 605 lkatri
- Tigmmi tumlilt : 12 762 lkatri
- Ṭanja : 7 431 lkatri
- Fas : 7 224 lkatri
- Warzazat : 7 006 lkatri
- Ṛbaṭ : 4 812 lkatri
- Tiṭṭawin : 4 359 lkatri
- Mknas : 3 139 lkatri
- Taṣṣurt : 3 322 lkatri
Tadlsa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tifugliwin tinamurin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ddaw as llan akk tfugliwin tinamurin d tisgdanin n tmazirt n Lmɣrib[20]:
Idɣarn n Yunisku[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Llan ɣ tmazirt n Lmɣrib tẓa idɣarn ikcmn ɣ ammas n tmaddast n Yunisku n aydatn igraɣlann ɣ ussinew adlsan. Walli akk izwarn ikka-tt-inn ɣ usggʷas n 1981, d walli iggran ɣ usggʷas n 2012. Idɣarn ad ɣwid ad tnt igan s trtib n ukccum nnsn[21] :
- Tamdint taqburt n Fas (1981)
- Tamdint taqburt n Mrrakc (1985)
- Iɣrm n Ayt Bn Ḥddu (1987)
- Tamdint taqburt n Mknas (1996)
- Tamdint taqburt n Tiṭṭawn (1997)
- Ansa Arkyuluji n Walili (1997)
- Tamdint taqburt n Taṣṣurt (2001)
- Tamdint tabrṭqizt n Mazagan (2004)
- Tamdint n Rrbaṭ (2012)
Ilin kra n idɣarn yaḍni isrstn Lmɣrib d willi ran gisn ad kcmn ula nttni ɣ ammas n idɣarn ad n Yunisku:
- Mulay Dris Zahrun (1995)
- Tamdint n Taza d Jamɛ Lkbir (1995)
- Timzgida n Tinml (1995)
- Tamdint n Liksus (1995)
- Lkur (1995)
- Tantut n Tafuɣalt (1995)
- Agdal n Ṭlasmṭan (1995)
- Ansa n Ajkal (1998)
- Aglmam n Xnifs (1998)
- Adgal n Ddaxla (1998)
- Amda n Figig (2011)
- Ddarbiḍa (2013)
- Trabbut n imdwn Tiɣmrt (2016)
- Ansa aṣḥrawi n Asif n Nun (2016)
Tiwlafin fulkinin n tmazirt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Adfl ɣ ammas n tiɣrmt n Ifran ɣ idrarn n Waṭlas anammas.
Asmḍl n Mohammed V ɣ Rrbat.
Amur n Hassan ɣ Rrbat.
Bab Bujlud ɣ Fas.
Ixban n tiɣrmt n Walili.
Taɣart n yill agrakal ɣ Lḥusima.
Iɣrm agldan ɣ Tiṭwan.
Amrdul n Mrzuga.
Mnara n Mrrakc.
Agdal n Tigmmi Tumlilt.
Timzgida n Kutubiya.
Adrar n Tubqal.
Idrarn n Arrif.
Yat tsukt ɣ Ccawn.
lagune n Daxla.
Izdayn ittawiyn s mani yaḍn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
https://www.lexilogos.com/maroc_carte.htm
- http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/moroccof.pdf takrḍa n UN ɣ 2005.
Iɣbula[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- ↑ http://www.rgph2014.hcp.ma/Note-sur-les-premiers-resultats-du-Recensement-General-de-la-Population-et-de-l-Habitat-2014_a369.html
- ↑ http://knoema.com/atlas/Morocco/GDP-PPP-based
- ↑ http://knoema.com/atlas/Morocco/GDP-per-capita-PPP-based
- ↑ http://knoema.com/atlas/Morocco/GDP
- ↑ http://knoema.com/atlas/Morocco/GDP-per-capita
- ↑ http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/
- ↑ http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2016_statistical_annex.pdf
- ↑ Tqdirat n uṭṭun n imzdaɣ n tmazirt n Lmɣrib - Knoema.fr
- ↑ Adustur n 2011 Ar yaqra udustur n 2011 tamunt ad s yism n Tamunt n Lmɣrib Mqqurn
- ↑ Isti bab n waddur mass ɛaziz axnuc ad ig anssixf n tnbaḍt ismglt s tugi n tnbaḍt tamaynut - MAP Amaziɣ
- ↑ Smith TM, Tafforeau P, Reid DJ, etal, Earliest evidence of modern human life history in North African early Homo sapiens, journal of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, volume:104, issue:15, pages:6128–33, date:April 2007, pmid:17372199, pmc:1828706 |doi:10.1073/pnas.0700747104, bibcode:2007PNAS..104.6128S }}
- ↑ Tasmirit tamattayt n usɣiws - rgphentableaux.hcp.ma
- ↑ Aljazera - جدل بالمغرب بشأن عدد الناطقين بالأمازيغية
- ↑ Lakome2.com - جمعيات أمازيغية تطالب بالكشف عن "العدد الحقيقي" للناطقين بالأمازيغية في المغرب
- ↑ http://hpgl.stanford.edu 2012-04-14
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20120414212524/http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2004_v74_p1023-1034.pdf E1b1b gant: M78 d M81
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20120414212524/http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2004_v74_p1023-1034.pdf
- ↑ Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East
- ↑ :: Royaume du Maroc : Administration du Tourisme
- ↑ Emploi.gov.ma/docs/153200652832PM.doc - Tifugliwin n tmazirt
- ↑ Idɣarn n Yunisku - Tamazirt n Lmɣrib
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text:
At Yeḥya
At Yeḥya d taɣiwant di Tmurt n Leqbayel, deg twilayt n Tizi Wezzu. Tella ar 47 km deg unẓul-agmuḍ n Tizi Wezzu, ar 33 km deg unẓul n Iɛeẓẓugen dɣa ar 4 km deg ugafa-agmuḍ n Aṣqif n Ṭmana. Amḍiq-aɣella n taɣiwant agi, d taddart n At Hicem.
At Yeḥya tuɣal deg useggas n 1984 ɣer da d yiwet n tɣiwant ger 67 n tɣiwnin i tesɛa Tizi Wezzu.
Tamaḍlarut[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Asideg (timella)[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Taɣiwant n At Yeḥya tettwazger s ubrid aɣelnaw AA 71, i teddeden Iɛeẓẓugen d Aṣqif n Ṭmana dɣa s ubrid agezdan CW 150, i teddeden abrid aɣelnaw AA 12 d ubrid aɣelnaw AA 71 seg Caɛyeb ar At Hicem.
Tudrin n Taɣiwant[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- At-Hicem: At Mendil, At Maḍi
- At Mlal
- Igures
- Iṣendlen
- At Ziri: At Waɛli, At Mejber, At Ɛenṭar, Tagelmimt
- At Jbara
- Tafrawt: Iɣil Icixunen
- Kuku: At-Harun, At-Bali, Tala-n-Yisan, Tagemmunt, Iɣil Ḥfaḍ, Bu-Geṭul d Kuku-Ufella
- Tagnitt: Tagnitt (Taddart-Ufella), Tagemmut at Meqbel, Ɛebdun, Tifiɣut, Tagarbalt, Tukac
- Takanna
- Taqa: Lexarḍa
- Agni n Yesɛed
- Bu-Shel
- Igufaf: At-Bu-Fares, Iḥemmacen
- At Si Ɛmara
- At Ḥmed
- At Buteččur
Tugniwin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Takcemt tagejdant n taddart n Tafrawt ɣef ubrid aɣelnaw AA 71


text:
Aɣyay abelkam
Aɣyay d amur alemmas n ubelkim anda i tezzenẓay deg-s tkura n ubelkim akken i d-ittnulfa degs wamur meqqren n takura-ines seg yipṛutunen ilawen n taggat tazarurant d yinyutrunen yemgadan deg taggat, i wakken ad yili weɣyay s unalkam d ilaw n taggat, ma d taggat n iprutunen tilawt deg umḍan tegda taggat n iliktṛunen ibawen, ayen yettaǧǧan abelkim ad yili yemgada deg tazrura.
Akdu n weɣyay iga gar n 1,75 fm (1.75×10−15 m) i uhidṛujin (ayen yegdan aqqaṛ n yiwen n upṛutun) alamma d 15 fm i yibelkimen imeqqranen n tkura am uranium. Iseggiwen-a meẓẓiy-it s waṭas ɣef wakdu n ubelkim (s wazal n 23 000 n tikkal i wuranium d 145 000 n tikkal i uhidṛujin).
Afurk n tfizikt i d-yelhan s tezrawt d tigzi n weɣyay n ubelkim s wayen yellan deg tsuddest-ines yettusemma s tfizikt tabelkamt.


text:
Tazalɣi Copley
Tazalɣi Copley d yiwen waraz deg taɣult n tussna. D tazzlɣi yesɛan azal ameqṛan sɣuṛ Royal Society (Londres), d nettat id taqbuṛt ark, tellas i tikkelt tamenzut aseggas n 1731. Tazalɣi-yagi tennulfa-d seg-mi i yefka Mass Godfrey Copley i Royal Society 100 £ aseggas n 1709, Mass Copley d yiwen umaṛkanti yesɛan tamurt di Doncaster deg unẓul n Yorkshire, yuɣal y ufren d amaslad n tmetti-yagi aseggas n 1691.
D yiwet ger mraw n tzalɣiwin it ttak Royal Society, kra yuɣal semmet. Tazalɣi Copley ttaken-tt di tsengama, d Tussna n tudert.


text:
Tutlayin timaziɣin
Tutlayin timaziɣin[1] (s tfinaɣ tatrart: ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, s tifinaɣ n imuhaɣ: ⵜⵎⵣⵗⵜ ar tettyunṭaq: [tæmæˈzɪɣt]) gant yat trabbut zɣ tawja n tutlayin tifryuasiyin, tutlayin ad zdint d ingratsnt ar sisnt sawaln iɣrfan imaziɣn ɣ tmizar n tmazɣa d tfriqt n ugafa s umata. Tutlayin ad myarnt yadlli ad ttyurant s yan ugmmay ism as Libik-birbir, lli nssn ɣassad s yism n tifinaɣ.
Tettusawal tamaziɣt dar tugt n middn ɣ tmizar n Lmɣrib, Dzayr d Libya, d yan uṭṭun imẓẓiyn n middn ɣ Tunst, Cngiṭ, agafa n Mali, agafa d utaram n Nijr d ugafan Buṛkina Faṣu d tmazirt n Siwa ɣ Miẓra. Tugt n imsiwln s tutlayin timaziɣin imzwagn, ɣassad llan s wuṭṭun n kra n 4 id mlyun, llan ɣ tmizar n Uṛuppa n utaram, llan s kraḍ tasutin, zɣ isggʷasn n 1950. Uṭṭun n imaziɣn yugr wuṭṭun n imsiwln s tutlayin timaziɣin.
Kra n 95% n imsiwln s tutlayin timaziɣin ar sawaln yat zzɣ smmust tutlayin mqqurnin, kraygat yat zgisnt teṭṭaf uggar n sin id mlyun n imsiwln, ad tnt igan d s unmala n ustay n uṭṭun n imsiwln: Taclḥit, Taqbaylit, Tamaziɣt (n wammas), Tarifiyt, Tacawit.
Assinw (taklasifikasyunt)snfl
Tutlayin timaziɣin n ugafasnfl
Gant Tutlayin timaziɣin n ugafa yat tyffart tantalant (dialect continuum) ittusawaln ɣ tmazɣa, tg daɣ yat zɣ tdurubba (sous-groupes) n tṣṭṭat tamaziɣt n tutlayin tifrusyawiyin. Akccum n tutlayt taɛṛabt iṛẓa tasult lli tt nn ikkan grasnt.
Tutlayin timaziɣin n ugafa nna s sawaln dar uggar n mlyun n ufgan gan tnt Taclḥiyt, Tamaziɣt n tuẓẓumt, Tarifit, Tacawit d Taqbaylit. Bḍant f kraḍt trubba:
Tutlayin timaziɣin n utaramsnfl
Tutlayin timaziɣin tutrimin nɣ Tutlayin timaziɣin n unẓul utrim gant yat tṣṭṭat zɣ tutlayin timaziɣin. Taṣṭṭat-ad gi-s snat tutlayin:
Tutlayin timaziɣin titrgiyinsnfl
Tutlayin timaziɣin n ugmuḍsnfl
Timaziɣin tigmuḍanin nɣ Timaziɣin n ugmuḍ gant yat trabbut n tutlayin timziɣin ittusawaln g Libya d Miṣṛa. Tkcm gi-s Tawilant, Tasknit, tasiwit d taɣdimsit.
Ɣ umata, ar ttussiḍannt tutlayin timaziɣin tigmuḍanin zɣ tdurabbut n tutlayin tijanatin n tmaziɣt tagafayt. Taṣṭṭat-ad gi-s smmust tutlayin:
Tagwancitsnfl
Tutlayt tagwancit tga yat tulayt inɣuban lli tt inn ikkan ar sis sawaln igwanciyn ɣ tgzirin tikanariyin ar tasuta tiss 16 nɣ 17. Tmmut tutlayt-ad dffir n walik n tgzirin tikanariyin. Tettyusan tutlayt tagwancit s wammak n twinas d tguriwin lli zmmimn ijyugrafn imzwura, d ismawn n idɣarn d kra n tguriwin nna tumẓ tṣbnyult n tgzirin tikanariyin.
Tibḍit tarakaltsnfl
Lmɣribsnfl
- Tutlayt taclḥit nɣ tasusit tga tutlayt tamaziɣt akkʷ imqqurn ɣ wuṭṭun n imsawaln. tg tmazirt-nns gr udrar n drn, Asif n Sus, Asif n Dra d waṭlas imẓẓiyn. llan imsiwln sis ɣ tmdinin mqqurnin ula nttnti zun d tigmmi tumlilt, d ṛṛbaḍ d sla. Tga tclḥiyt yat zɣ tawja n tutlayin n waṭlas tama n tmaziɣt n waṭlas anammas.
- Tutlayt tamaziɣt n tuẓẓumt
- Tutlayt tarifit tga tutlayt n imaziɣen irifiyn nna izdɣn ɣ idrarn d iɣrman n Arrif lli d-yuckan dɣ ugafa n umṛṛuk. Llan gr 3 ar 4 id mlyun n imsawaln s tutlayt-ad ɣ umṛṛuk d uruppa
Dzayrsnfl
- Tutlayt taqbaylit nɣ d tazwawt tga tutlayt n imaziɣn n iqbayliyn lli izdɣn ɣ tmazirt n lqbayl ɣ Dzayr. Taqbaylit tga yat tutlayt zɣ tutlayin timaziɣin iṭṭafn aṭṭan n imsawaln yattyun, tg tis snat dffir n tclḥiyt ɣ maya.
- Tutlayt tacawit tga tutlayt n icawiyen, tg tutlayt tis snat ɣ wuṭṭun n imsawaln ɣ Dzayer dffir n tutlayt taqbaylit.
- Tutlayt tumẓabt tga yat zɣ tutlayin timaziɣin n tmazirt n dzayr. Ar si-s sawaln ɣ tsgiwin n wilaytat ɣrdaya .
- Tutlayt taznatit tga yat tutlayt s sawaln imaziɣn ɣ tmazirt n dzayr. Ar as nttini tamaziɣt n tigurarin niɣ tamaziɣt n twat. tg awal n tqbilin tiznatiyin nɣ znata n unẓul n tamazirt n dzayr. Tantala ad tga yat zɣ tutlayin n dzayr lli ttinin is tmmut ɣ tigira n 1985 ɣ iɣrman d iduwwarn n twat d tsggiwin tamntit d tittaf. Timyurin n iggmaḍn n tmizar ad n tmdyazt d uẓawan s taznatit ttyuran d frurin ɣ warratn n Mulud Mɛmmri. Ttyuzmmamen ɣ imṣṭirn imzwura n tussna n ufgan n UNESCO
Tunssnfl
- Tutlayt tasndit tga yat zɣ tutlayin timaziɣin lli illan ɣ tmazirt n Tunst, tg yat zɣ tutlayin lli immutn. Nnan mas d zɣ 1950, tutlayt-ad ur sul illi mad tt isawaln. Ɣ tmazirt n Tunst, mnnawt tutlayin ad illan agri skrnt nit s tɣarast n ismḍal. Imbddadn iqawmiyn n yieṛabn lli inbḍn ɣ tmazirt n Tunst uggar 50 n usggʷas ayad gan tuggʷas-nnsn afad ad nɣin tadlsa d tutlayin timaziɣin.
Libyasnfl
- Tutlayt tanfust niɣ mazoɣ tga tantala lli sawaln imaziɣn n udrar n infusn (nɣ jabal naffusa), adrar-ad illa ɣ tmazirt n libya, tanfusit tga ula yat tantala zɣ tutlayin timaziɣn lli sul idrn, waxxa tbidd tanbaḍt n libya ɣ ddu ifassn Lqddafi bac ad tt tmḍl. Ar tt sawaln uggar n 150 000 n umdan. tangalt (ISO 639-3) ns igat: jbn. Mnck ad bdda tsmun id bu icnubcn n tutlayt mas tga z tutlayin n tuns, mac nttat naḥayat disnt.
Mali d Nnijrsnfl
Miṣṛasnfl
Muriṭanyasnfl
Tigzirin tiknariyinsnfl
- Tutlayt tagwancit tga yat tulayt inɣuban lli tt inn ikkan ar sis sawaln igwanciyn ɣ tgzirin tikanariyin ar tasuta tiss 16 nɣ 17. Tmmut tutlaytad dffir n walik n tgzirin tikanariyin. Tettyusan tutlayt tagwancit s wammak n twinas d tguriwin lli zmmimn ijyugrafn imzwura, d ismawn n idɣarn d kra n tguriwin nna tumẓ tṣbnyult n tgzirin tikanariyin.
Tirrasnfl
Agmmay n tifinaɣsnfl
Uran imzwura tamaziɣt s iskkiln n tfinaɣ d iskkiln n tarabt d iskkiln n tlatinit mac ɣ usggwas n 2003 iskcm usinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt tifinaɣ ɣ uslmad n tmaziɣt; tdwel tifinaɣ niɣ Tifinaɣ tunṣibt ɣ Lmɣrib;
Tifinaɣ iggmayn iqburn ila ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n ifriqya sxdmant imaziɣn d ṭawariq
Agmmay alatinsnfl
Iqbaylin n tamazirt d yan ugzzum mqqurn nimrukiyn ar tafan mas irxa bzzaf ad ttran s tirra tamaziɣt talitinit. tirra yad ar tnt bahra ntafa ɣ lwib d-sitat imazi°n n - brra d tigzirin tiknariyin.
Agmmay aɛrabsnfl
Uran ṭṭlba d imḥḍaṛn n timzgadiwin n iffus n tamazirt lmrruk s ugmmay n tɛṛabt, ilin mnnaw n warratn s uskkil-a, kra zgi-sn ittyura ɣ dar tasut 11.
Arratn iqburnsnfl
Kigan zzɣ mddn da ttiɣiln is d ar ɣilad ad ssntint tirra s tutlayin tamaziɣin, d is ur dars tlli awd yat taysi iran ad as yaws ad tgmu tmɣr acku taddagt ur ilin iẓuṛan mqqurnin ur tufi ad tili ifrawn d icṭḥan mqqurnin ! Is llan kra n warratn izaykutn dar tmaziɣt ? Mlmi ad ssntint tirra s tutlayt ad ? Ma ayd icuncgn amussu ad adlsan ? Man imukrisn d ittkkan mnid i warra amaziɣ ? Ma s nɣiy ad t nsyafu zzɣ wanaw ad n warratn izaykutn ?
Yuwi d uslmad Ɛumaṛ Affa lli igan aslmad ɣ tmɣrudt n Rrbaṭ dffir isnubbucn lli iga f usntl amzruy n warra amaziɣ s uskkil « aeṛab » mas iga Umṛṛuk s umata ansa i uskkir n warratn s tutlayin tamaziɣin s tmzarayin nns akkʷ swa ɣ Sus nɣ d Laṭlas nɣ d Rrif irnu isslkn ɣ yat tinawt iga tt usinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt ɣ 2003 mas d Sus ad igan tansbaɣurt uggar s wanaw ad n warratn. Aya yuwi t id, mk lli inna, wansa arakal lli illan dar tsga ad d lli tt yujjan ad taggug f iḍiṣn inadafn aylli tt yujjan ad tḍuf kigan n uzug anutlay d unamun d udmsan d usrtan.
Awttas zɣ warratn lli skrn iclḥiyn n zik ur igi tutlayt taclḥit s ixf nns maca ad ssawḍn tussna tamsɣant i ugdud amaziɣ lli ikkan ur da ittakʷz taeṛabt, aya isfaw t mas amata ɣ warratn ad aɣn d iskkinn n usgd swa ɣ igr n usumd nɣ ɣ igr n uflas nɣ ɣ igr n tikli n wasr nɣ isfra lli t ittalɣn, issuman t ulaa acku ur snzgumn imaratn ad s wanaw n tirra d ur srisn kra n ilugnn i usnmarra amaziɣ.
Kra n imdyatn zzɣ warratn aɣ d ilkmn :
- Asuɣl n udlis Al anwar assunnyya fi lkalimat assunnyya « Tifawin tisunniyin ɣ tguriwin tisunniyin » i Muḥammad ug Aḥmad u Juzayy Aɣṛnaṭi s tmaziɣt n Sus.
- Asuɣl n udlis Al arbaeun annawawyya « Tisimrawin timiɣsin » i Muḥammad Muxtar Asusi.
- Arra « Tafukt n ddin » i Ɛli u Hmad ug Iliɣ , adlis ad iga yat tmdyazt ɣ llant mraw n yifḍn n tiwnt .
- « Baḥr addumue » (Ill n imṭṭawn) n Muḥammad Awzal.
- Arra « Amaziɣ » i Brahim Aẓnag.
- Arra « Al-ḥawḍ» i Muḥammad Awzal.
- « Taelif fi ttawḥid wa lfiqh wa lfalak » (Tirra ɣ usyiwn d lfiqh d tjṛṛumt d tsnayrur) i Brahim u Ɛbdllah u Muḥmmad Aẓnag.
Yuwi d uslmad Affa ɣ tinawt nns uttay n 25 n warra ttyaranin s tutlayt tamaziɣt, irnu uslmad ad mas d arrantn lli ittyamaẓn ɣ Uṛubba ttwaḥḍan ɣ Iks Un ɣ Rufans ɣ Fṛanṣa.
Zɣ warratn imaziɣn igan izaykutn lli ittyaskarn s tmaziɣt « Kitab al-asmae » (Adlis n wassaɣn) lli igan yan usgzawal (msmun awal) amaziɣ aeṛab ittuɣuln ɣr tasut tiss 12 n tlalit, ittyaskar usgzawal ad ɣ 1146 dat n tlalit, yara t u Tunart lli iluln ɣ 1085 dat tlalit immt ɣ 1172 (ur igi u Tumrt Amuwḥḥidi), tili ɣ warra ad 2500 n tguri tamaziɣt lli ɣ amunt 250 n wassaɣn n imɣayn, ig usgzawal ad yan zzɣ isgzawaln akkw iqbrn ɣ umaḍal. D hat zrwn kigan n imsnilsn imaziɣn d ayt Uṛubba (Ihulandiyn d Ifṛanṣiṣn) asgzawal « Adlis n wassaɣn » d yan umawal aḍnin assaɣ nns « Kacf aṛṛumuz » d ifḍn n warratn yaḍn lli ɣ llant tullisin, isfra, aflas, ismigiln,…lli d ikkan Amṛṛuk d Dzayr d Libya d Tiniri . arra amaziɣ akkw iqbrn ittyissin ar ɣilad d arra « Kitab albarbaryya » (Adlis n tmaziɣt) zzɣ Tuns, illa ɣ 896 n tasna, ar issfru taɣarast tibaḍit . ar ittuɣul usakud n usnulfu n warra ad amqran ar gr tasut tiss 8 d tiss 9 n tlalit, ar ittawz f tzrawt nns umsnils aṭalyan Vermondo Brugnatelli zzɣ tsdawit Milano-Bicocca. Aya yujja i imsnilsn ad isinn s talɣiwin n ussmrs n tmaziɣt n zik ittyaran zzɣ uggar n 1200 n usggwas aya.
Ar ɣilad ur ta llint kra n tsiḍan i taysi ad tansbaɣurt, d ur nssin man idɣarn ɣ llan kigan n warratn imaziɣn wala mani ɣ nn ḥḍan, s man aya ur nufi ad nfk yat twlaft imdn f tilawt n warratn ad, d ar ttddrn aṭaṣ n imukrisn amm assmrs ur ifulkin, mnziwt ur illin d tanzzarfut, assrwl d tukkṛḍa, nrnu asn nn awd imukrisn igamann amm iɣrdayn, iwḍfan, aɣmal, ubuy n warratn atg luman acku kigan ɣ warratn ad gan uslign s kra n tawjiwin lli d ifl umara, ar tn bḍḍun grasn. addad ad ismrnat uggar acku ur llint kra n tkafutin nna rad iswuri f uḥṭṭu d ufrag i warratn ad. S man aya zmrɣ ad iniɣ mas mk aɣ d uwḍnt tmiḍiwin n warratn hat ifḍn ad inɣuban swa s iskkirn igamann nɣ inafgann.
Arratn ad n tmaziɣt gan yan uɣbalu ur ittɣarn i tutlayt tamaziɣt acku usin kigan n umawal azayku nna ur nenni ad naf dar ayt ɣilad, aya yujja imrza ad sgisn ḍin kigan n tguriwin nna rad yaws ɣ usbɣr n tutlayt tamaziɣt d ussudr nns, maca tiwuriwin nna ittugan ar ɣilad ur gumnt, iqqn d ad tili yat tstratijit i uḥṭṭu n taysi ad ittug as usnmala d tzrawin afad ad d sgisn ittuẓẓg akkw uynna uman n tussna s lawan akkw ɣ igr n tutlayt tamaziɣt.[2]
Asnɣms s wawal amaziɣsnfl
Taddagt n tutlayin timaziɣinsnfl
──o Tafruyasit ├─o Proto-Tamaziɣt 1 (-7000) └─o Proto-Tamaziɣt 2 (-200) ├─o Tamaziɣt n ugmuḍ | └─────o Tanfusit | └─────o Tawilant | └─────o Tasknit | └─────o Taɣdimsit | └─────o Tasiwit ├─o Tamaziɣt n ugafa | |─────o Taqbaylit | |──o Tamaziɣt n waṭlas | | └──o Taclḥiyt | | └──o Tamaziɣt n waṭlas anammas | └─o Tutlayt tajanat | └───o Tarifiyt | └───o Taznast | └───o Tacnwit | └───o Tumẓabt | └───o Tacawit | └─o Taznast n umalu | └─o Tajerbit ├───────o Tatergit ├─o Tamaziɣt tutrimt └─────o Taẓnagt └─────o Tatsrrt
Tiɣbulasnfl
- ↑ H. Ekkehard Wolff (2013-08-26). "Berber languages" Britannica.com. Retrieved 2015-07-14
- ↑ http://tamazight-tanawayt.blogspot.com/2015/06/arratn-imazinibula-n-tutlayt.html
Ẓr daɣsnfl
Tinidlisnsnfl
- Meftaha Ameur, Khalid Ansar, Abdellah Boumalk, Noura El Azrak, Rachid Laabdelaoui et Hamid Souifi, Centre de l'Aménagement Linguistique, , Rabat, Institut Royal de la Culture Amazighe, coll. « Lexiques et dictionnaires » (no 13), 2016, 1030 p. (ISBN 978-9954-28-240-3, asmnid ɣ wantirnit [timḥḍit], ɣṛ ɣ wantirnit [timḥḍit])
- Revue annuelle Études et documents berbères [timḥḍit] (Paris/Aix-en-Provence, Coédition La boîte à Documents/Edisud)
- Lamara Bougchiche (préf. Lionel Galand), , Paris, Ibis Press, coll. « Sources berbères anciennes et modernes », 1997, 447 p. (ISBN 978-2-910728-02-1, OCLC 37040152, asmnid ɣ wantirnit [timḥḍit])
- Linguistique berbère : Études de syntaxe et de diachronie, Salem Chaker, Peeters, Paris, 1995 (ISBN 978-2-87723-152-7)
- Grammaire berbère (rifain, zayane, chleuh, kabyle), Michel Quitout, éd. L'Harmattan, 1997 (ISBN 978-2-7384-6004-2)
- nitiation à l'écriture de la langue berbère, Larbi Rabdi, éd. L'Harmattan, 2001, 148 p. (ISBN 978-2-7475-0904-6)
- Dictionnaire des racines berbères (formes attestées), Kamal Naït-Zerrad, 3 tomes : Tome I, 1998 (ISBN 978-90-429-0579-5) ; Tome II, 1999 (ISBN 978-90-429-0722-5) ; Tome III, 2002 (ISBN 978-90-429-1076-8)
- La langue berbère, André Basset, éd. L'Harmattan, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-7475-7278-1)
- Langue berbère. Introduction à la notation usuelle en caractères latins, Ramdane Achab, éd. Hoggar, Paris, 1998 (ISBN 978-2-912996-00-8)
- Dictionnaire tamazight - français (variante zayane du Maroc central), Miloud Taïfi, éd. L'Harmattan, 1992 (ISBN 978-2-906659-00-1)
- Dictionnaire des verbes Tachelhit-Français, Abdallah El Mountassir, éd. L'Harmattan, 2003 (ISBN 978-2-7475-3577-9)
- Manuel de conjugaison du tachelhit (langue berbère du Maroc), Abdallah Boumalk, éd. L'Harmattan, 2003 (ISBN 978-2-7475-5527-2)
- Grammaire moderne du kabyle, Kamal Naït-Zerrad, éd. Karthala, Paris, 2001 (ISBN 978-2-84586-172-5)
- Psycholinguistique touarègue (Interférences culturelles), Mohamed Aghali-Zakara, Inalco, Paris, 1992
- Dialecte de l’Ahaggar (en 4 volumes), Charles de Foucauld, éd. L’Harmattan, Paris, réédition de 2005 (ISBN 978-2-7475-8173-8)
- Langue et pouvoir en Algérie, Mohammed Benrabah, éd. Séguier, 1999 (ISBN 978-2-84049-150-7)
- Dictionnaire insolite du Maroc - Latéfa Faïz - Édition Cosmopole - Novembre 2011 - ISBN / 978-2-84630-064-3.
- Stéphanie Pouessel, « La relégation des langues berbères : le complexe de la berbérité » (p. 33-41) et « L'éloge du fragment : langues et régions berbères » (p. 163-168), dans , Paris/Alger/Casablanca, Non Lieu/Edif 2000/La Croisée des chemins, 2010, 205 p. (ISBN 978-2-35270-087-6 et 2352700876, OCLC 683412145)
- Mena Lafkioui, « La question berbère : politiques linguistiques et pratiques langagières », Langues et cité, no 23, août 2013 (ɣṛ ɣ wantirnit)
- Salem Chaker,Langue (berbère) , dans , vol. 28-29 : Kirtēsii–Lutte, Aix-en-Provence, Édisud, 2008 (ɣṛ ɣ wantirnit [timḥḍit]), p. 4348-4360
- Alexandra Filhon, « Parler berbère en famille : une revendication identitaire », Revue européenne des migrations internationales, vol. 23, no 1, 2007 (ɣṛ ɣ wantirnit [timḥḍit])
Izdayn n bṛṛasnfl
- Inalco Centre de recherche berbère - Publications
- Liste d'ouvrages pour la pratique des langues berbères
- Situation sociolinguistique des berbères tunisiens - Ahmad Bukus


text:
Tusa-d tseɣut-a deg taggara n temlilit i d-yeḍran gar uneɣlaf Amenzu amuriṭani, Mohamed Ould Bilal akked uneɣlaf n Yiweẓla n uzɣar akked Umɣiwan aɣelnaw yellan deg uzɣar, Ramtane Lamamra, yellan imir-a deg yiwet n tirzi deg Muriṭanya s yisem-is d Amazan uzzig n uselway n Tegduda, Abdelmadjid Tebboune, i d-yenna uneɣlaf n Yiweẓla n uzɣar deg yiwen n ulɣu.
I lmend n tegnit-a, aneɣlaf Amenzu amuriṭani izul aswir afeɣnami akked tdinamit iɣeḍmen assaɣen isindisanen yellan gar snat n tmura.
Deg wattal-a, zzirgen-d sin yiḥricen-a ɣef tixxutert n usemlili n tesmilt Tameqqrant tucrikt deg ukud awezlan, akked usermed n yinagrawen n unmireg asindisan i wakken ad neḍmen asmahel yelhan n tɣawsiwin yettunefken i snat n tmura ladɣa deg teɣula n usileɣ, n tfellaḥt, n tdawsa akked usegmi, akked tɛessast n uḍfar akked usektazel n useddu n yisenfaren ucriken.


text:
Tuẓẓda
Tuẓẓda d timhalin tisnudranin tikruranin timussayin i wselket (turrit) n wučči ar tnegwa ara yettwasummen deg wadanen i wakken ad ittusemres deg tmugri n izeṭṭiwen neɣ i tellt (aksab) n tfasa.[1][2][3]
Tuẓẓda ar iɣersiwen tessentay (tbeddu) seg yimi s temhalt n tuffẓa anda yettṛuz wučči i wakken ad yuɣal d tibrurin meẓẓiyen sin akin ad rnun fell-as inzimen n ileddayen i d-yettawden seg kra n iwelsen yellan s ddaw n yiles i tuẓẓda n ikaṛbuhidren, Sin akin deg wejxux sakin ar yiẓi alamma yewweṭ ar yiliwi


text:
Aɣtas n ulday n tzeqqiwin n yihanayen akked yidgen iɣer ttruḥun yimdanen, ddmen-t tikkelt-a taneggarut deg uswir unnig n udabu, s uḥettem igezmen n uqader n wakaten n uḥezzeb adawsan, aya ad yessiweḍ ar « tuɣalin cwiṭ cwiṭ n tmeddurt tamagnut ».
Seg yettwaddem uɣtas-a, yefren Usalay n tegsarut n Lezzayer tamaneɣt ad yesmekti, ad yebder, s wahil ara d-snezwin alamma d ass n 29 Ctember, temɣer akked tẓuri n Said Hilmi (1939-2021), Lyazid Khodja (1945-2021), Brahim Tsaki (1946-2021) akked ugrawliw ameqqran amseḍru Yacef Saadi (1928-2021).
Akka yezmer ad walin yimeshanayen, Said Hilmi, yuraren deg , « La voisine » (Tanaragt) n Ghaouti Bendeddouche, (2002), Lyazid Khodja d amseḍru akked Rachid Benallal n « Si Mohand Ou M’hand » (Ssi Muḥ Umḥend), (1983) akked Brahim Tsaki ameskar n yisinaryuten yerna d amseḍru n « Histoire d’une rencontre » (Taḥkayt n temlilit) (1983).


text:
Anagraw n wammud
Anagraw n wammud ( tazegzilt (abréviation) N.A) (Fr : système d'exploitation SE ), (s teglizit Operating System OS), d tagrumma n wahilen i isselḥun acermad (appareil) asenselkim.
Amazray (historique)[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg iseggasen n 1940, iselkimen (ordinateurs,computers) ttwasihlen(programmer) s weseqdec n teqfilt (interruptuer à bascule), kra i seggasen mbeɛd sseqdecen tikarḍiwin i nezmer ad nɣer s uselkim.
Iselkimen deg iseggasen 1940 ɣer 1960 swan tafunast d yellis(ɣlay it), anagir tirmisin (entreprises) timeqqranin i ten-yesseqdacen, yerna yal amseqdac sbededen as akud n leqdic (limiter le temps d'utilisation).
Akfasihel (multiprogrammation)[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
akfasihel d awal i d-yussan deg sin wawalen (akfud=multiplication , asihel = programmation).
Inagrawen n wammud yetwasnen (les SE connus)[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Microsoft Windows.
- Machintoch Mac OS.
- Linux.


text:
TAMURT – Ass-a 14 yunyu 2020, d amuli n wasmi tarwa taqbaylit, meẓẓi meqqer, mmaren ɣer tmanaɣt n Lzayer. Ass-a, d win n leḥzen, acku aqdud aqbayli iruḥ akken ad yessers tiɣerɣer n lesqer ar iffasen n uselwa Abdalɛziz Butefliqa. Ilmeẓyen nneɣ, ruḥen s talwit, s ifassen nsen d ilmawen, kra din ur yezdiɣ allaɣ nsen akken ad wwten ḥedd neɣ ad erẓen kra.
Tagara nni, aḍabu azayri amharsan imugger-iten-id s iḥersiwen-is, si jaddarmiyen-is, atg,… Maca d acu akk i yettɣiḍen, ayen qerriḥen imi i d-yeserkec fell-asen » iqfayliyen » n tmanaɣt . « Iqfayliyen-agi »(qeflen) d widak id-ilulen di tmanaɣt sumata, kra n twaculin-nsen i iggudjan si 1962, asmi akken i yeffeɣ urumi di tmurt
nneɣ.
Tarwa n twaculin-a, i d-fruri, id-lul dinna, maca fɣen-d ḥecdent (dégénérées) seg usɛareb n uɣerbaz azayri. Kren-d din, sbɛaden iman-nsen ɣef ayen yellan d aqbayli. Dderya-agi, mačči d imawlan-nsent, maca serḥen-asen, gman-d am « ugersal di teẓgi »(ulac ttrebga). Gman-d ger imtaɛrben d temtɛarbin, ulac kra i ten-iferqen d waɛraben-inselmen n usekkak. Tutlayt i rran dayla nsen, i si lla ttzuxxun, d taqnawit, neɣ tinna akkeni wumi qqaren tadderdjit. Ttagi i ttmeslayen mara mlilen waygarasen, xas akken lemden taqbaylit si temẓi ɣer
imawlan-nsen, widak akken i iruḥen si tmurt taqbaylit seg i tefra lggirra n urumi.
Tarwa yagi n twaculin tiqbayliyin nekkrent laṣel, nekkrent tutlayt nsen, berran di laɛwayed n teqbaylit, berran di teqbaylit. Nutni bɣan ad ilin « d izayriyren n tmanaɣt » neɣ « izayriyen-kan ». Am akken teẓram yagi, yak kra n uqbayli mara yuɣal d azayri, ilaq as ad iberri, ad isemmeḥ si teqbaylit-is, « ad yesbeɣ d aɛrab » akken ad ittwaqbel ar imtaɛrben d temtɛarbin, ilaq-as ad yenkker lejud-is, tanedra-s. Ad iberri di kra ara t-ittcabin ar uqbayli n tmurt taqbaylit. Ihi, d wigi id-yeddan, i d-iqecɛen, i d-rejmen deg ilmeẓyen nneɣ iqbayliyen d teqbayliyin di tmanaɣt ass n 14 yunyu 2001. Ddan-d fkan iɣallen-nsen akken ad rejmen, ad jerḥen, ad nɣenn iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin am nutni, widak nni akken i yekkaten ɣef izerfan-nsen ula d nutni.
Ma twalam irkwel tiɣerɣert n Leqser, taɛna akk imezdaɣ n tmurt tazayrit, maca nutni yesdderɣel-iten lkerh i deg tturebban seg asmi i d-lulen. Tazwara, d tiwaculin nsen i iberran yagi si zik si tnaṣlit nsen, i ten-yesbaɛden s kra yellan d aqbayli, d amaziɣ sumata. Dagi i ten yekcem lɣwec tazwara d tmuḥqranit n yiman nsen i sen-yuɣalen ar tagara d lkerh n yiman-nsen (la haine de soi). Imawlan nsen, ilaq ad twalim d akken ddan ula d nutni deg tucḍa n tarwa nsen, acku ma tarwa nsen berran di tjaddit, sebba d imawlan nsen. Di tmanaɣt, ur d-qqimen ara leqbaylel ass-a, widak n trugza, n nnif i yeṭṭfen di tjaddit taqbaylit.
Qrib akken llan « beddlen tagwlimt am izerman di tefsut », akken neqqar deg umedya. Ayagi mačči d nekk it-id-yennan. Amenzu i t-id-yennan d mas Muḥend Fellag (at-idekkeṛ Ṛebbi s lxiṛ), asmi i d-ḥekku di skiččat-is. Dayen is-id-yeḍran asmi i d-yekcem ɣer tmanaɣt d agrud. Inna-t-id diɣen Said Saadi deg idles ines, anda i sen–isemma i twaculin agi : »Iqbayliyen i iɣemqen » (kabyles engloutis), ddan deg uḥemmal n taɛrabt-tineslemt n usekka i ten-isḥernen seg wedlis d tutlayt nsen taqvaylit.
Ihi, d wigi i d icenga imeqraren n uzekka di tmanaɣt, atg,… yernu ḥadret ad as-teqqarem ur ẓran ara d acu i xeddmen, maca ɛamden u xtaren abrid i wwin d’abrid ɣer nnger. Tecfam, tecfamt akk, xilla degwen d akken i taluft nni n FIS, akken llan Iqfayliyen-a n tmanaɣt ddan deg at iččumar, akken ad bnun « dewla tineslemt tazayrit», xas akken 100% n Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin n tmurt fernen tugdut d oikabaren n FFS d RCD. Iqfayliyen-agi, werdjin ḥesben iman-nsen d Iqbayliyen am wiyaḍ, maca d’Izayriyen inselmen, d aɛraben-inselmen,… am tmiwa nniḍen i tmurt tazayrit.
D widak agi i « d aṭṭan n uqbayli »; amer tiwaculin tiqbayliyin n tmanaɣt rebbant tarwa-nsent, tili mačči akka ara tili taluft. Alukan terbiḥeḍ a yul, yal aqbayli ad d-yarew Iqbayliyen d Tiqbayliyin, mačči d » lizanjirian », acku wigi, tteffɣen-d sebɣen d’aɛraben-inselmen. Nemmeslay-d yagi ɣef tarwa am sekka yecban tagi. Nenna-d yagi: « widak ara itɛarben, ad berrin, ad kerhen iman-nsen », « ad baɛden ɣef kra ara ten-isqerben ɣef teqbayli ». Aqbayli ara d-yarwen imsɛarb neɣ timsɛarbt, d widak ara yettḥammin, ara yettḥuddun tamurt n Tapalistinit, ad ttnaɣen mgal tamurt Taqbaylit d yedles ines.
Teẓram akka neɣ mazal ? Tarwa nwen, nkent ma sebɣen d aɛraben-inselemn ad ttnaɣen atmaten-nsen Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyn, wid mazal-iten ur sbiɣen ara am nutni. Aqbayli d Teqbaylit, mara d-ssefrurex dderya, ilaq ad d-sefruri Iqbayliyen d Teqbaylin akken azekka ad ilin d tama n uqbayli, amma di lferḥ neɣ di lqerḥ. Maca amur ameqran deg Iqbayliyen mara kecmen ar tmanaɣt neɣ tiɣremt n imsɛarben d temsɛarbin nniḍen, ad uɣalen ar tagara d’aɛaraben-inselmen.
Ilmeẓyen iḥruren nneɣ n tmurt taqbaylit, mi ruḥen ar tmanaɣt, ur bnan ara akken a ten-id-mmagren izayriyen aɛraben-inselemn s lebbwas d ijenwiyen dderya taḥramt ! Ur banen ara, msakit, akken Iqfayliyen n tmanaɣt itɛarben ad ddun d iḥersiwen neɣ d imsulta n uḍabu akken asen-fken lemɛawna mgal atmaten-nsen iqbayliyen.
Nekk, ur lliɣ ara dinna akken ad teḥkuɣ akk ayen yeḍran, tixnanasin i xedmen tarwa n twaculin n « teqfayliyin timṭurniyin ». Ass n 14 yunyu, muten ṭam n terwiḥin anida llan garasen sin d imesjernanen. S teqbaylit neqqar-as deg umedya n usirem: « akken tebɣuḍ tiɣzifeḍ a yiḍ, uleqrar ad d-bin tafat ». Amennuɣ ad ikkemmel deg webrid nejren imezwura am Laimec Ali, Bennai Si Wali, armi d Besɛaud Mḥend Aɛrab d Said Ḥennuz d imussuten adelsanen n imaziɣen tkemmeḍ armi d tefsut taberkant, d MAK, URK, RPK, atg,….
Hand Berkouk


text:
Isemlel
Isemlel (Assaɣ ussnan: Sambucus) d tawsit n tmedkin d yimɣan isaɣuren yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tnarafin. Imahilen ineggura deg tennagrawt ssrusayen tawsit-a di twacult n tduksiwin. Isemlalen n wesɣar d timedkin ilan (yesɛan) ijeǧǧigen mellulen neɣ s yini afraran, sin akin ttuɣalen d timeqqunin meẓẓiyen n tgemmutin zeggaɣen neɣ zegzawen neɣ berriken. Dɣa tigemmutin-a tettentent yigṭaṭ, akken i ttekkayen deg usnezwi n yifsan n yimɣan-a.
Tilmas[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Turwagt — (Sambucus nigra)
- Isemlel azeggaɣ — (Sambucus racemosa)
- Isemlel awezlan — (Sambucus ebulus)


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Tafaska n ssinima s tmaziɣt i ildin tiwwura ines ass-nni n lḥedd 24 di meɣres 2012 di tmurt n leqbayel di temdint n tizi-wezzu temgarad ɣef temliliyin yezrin. Azal n 25 n yisura i d- ikecmen di temzizelt, d 7 n yisura beôôa n temzizelt. Tikkelt-a aṭas n tɣiwanin i d-yegren irebbi d ufus i usiher-agi adelsan gar-asent : Larba nat yiraten, Azeffun, Draɛ lmizan, Iɛezzugen, Tigzirt. Yal taɣiwant terna-d adɣaɣ-is i lebni n tzeqqa taqbaylit. Ilemezyen tikkelt -a muggren tafsut akken ilaq, imi tettunefk-asen tegnit i ubeggen n lebɣi d tmussni-nsen di tseqquma n tira d uvilli ɣef tugna d wazal-is, i d-yevran di Tizi Raced d Tegzirt.
Ayen ijebden lwelha n yimezdaɣ n Tizi-wezu tikkelt-agi, d tirzin d upekki n wazal n 15 n tmura yecban : Tunes, Libya , Lmerruk, Fransa, piru , Tigzirin Tikenariyin, kanada d Spanya ….. D uttekki n waṭas n wudmawen mussanen deg yidlis n teqbaylit am Ait menguellat, Ben Muhammed, Kamel Hamadi, Djuher Amehis, Hadjira Ubacir….
Ayen daɣen i as-yernan tahuski d cbaḥa i tfaska-agi, d isaragen, timzekkniyin d cnawi id-heggan iɛeggalen n tfaska i lmendad. Djamel Kaloun, Belaid Tagrawla, Kaki, Djaroud d Ali Amran ur cuḥen ara s lmusiqa taḥlawant tazedgant yezzuznen imferroen ɣer yiv n plata 27 di meɣers 2012 di tzeqqa n yidles Mulud Maɛemri.
Akka i tedda, i telḥa tfaska n usaru s tmaziɣt alaômi d ass aneggaru ideg i d-ibanen wid i d-yufraren di tmezizzelt. Tazeqqa n Mulud At Mɛemmer terreɣreɣ s yilmezyen d telmezyin d yirgazen d tlawin d yimawelan n yisura i ipraoun igmav am waggur n lɛid. Akken ma llan praoun s cuq anwa ara yawin tazemmurt n Wureɣ. «d tiɛekkemt fell-aɣ akken ad nektazel isura. yella wayen yelhan, yella wayen igerrzen, yella daɣen wayen ixussen». id yenna uselway n tseqqamut n uktazal Mass Ɛumer Ḥekkar.
Ambeddel n tmussniwin d tektiwin, anecreḥ, tavûa, aqeûûer, d tugniwin ara yeqqimen di tedmi n yal yiwen d yal yiwet. d tugniwin ara yeqqimen d aktayen i cfawat ɣef wansi i d-nekka ɣer wanda ara neddu.
Ass-a nezmer ad d –nini, tafaska n usaru n tamaziɣt d taɣult, d annar nniven i usnerni n tutlayt tamaziɣt d wayen akk tezzuɣur d idles. £ef waya i d-tewwi ad s-nger irebbi i twizi n tmazɣa d timmuzɣa mebla ma nkerref mebla ma nettruzu ifadden n wid ixeddmen, iqeddcen, yettnaɣen mgal tillas, ma ulac d tigusa ara nekkat deg yicuvav-nneɣ.
Di ssinima di tmedyazt, deg umezgun di teklut di lmusiqa, d ttawilat akk n taywalt, d wigi i d inurar n tmaziɣt. D iḥricen-agi i d ôôuḥ n tmeslayt. Ëadret ad aɣ-tevru am yir tamettant n tɣerma Taztakt (la mort absurde des aztheques) tin ɣef i d –yewwi awal u.mussnaw-nneɣ M. Mɛemmri.
A. Arqub


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Tasedsut n yebrir
Tasedsut n yebrir d talemmiẓt tamensayt deg waṭas n tmura, Talemmiẓt-a tettas-d deg wass amenzu n wayyur n Yebrir deg yall aseggas yettwassen s wexdam ukellex d uskerkes ɣef medden, Tasedsut n yebrir ur yelli ara d ass n umuras amaddud (unṣib) neɣ d ass n usfuggel amaddud, maca iga d ass dgi ttattan (ttaḍsen) w ttkellixen medden ɣef wiyyad
Asfuggel-a yettilid deg wamur ameqran n iɣerfen s wemgarad n yiniten-nsen d yidlsen-nsen. Amur ameqran n inagmayen qqaren-d d akken talemmiẓt-a ttuɣalen iẓuran-is ar Turuft iy bedden ɣef uqejjem (tiqeṣṣert) d ukellex d tikerkas. Dɣa wid yettamnen yakk tikerkas nni qqaren-as taɣtest n tsedsuyt n yebrir