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Wami tt-ɣa-ẓareɣ-nniɣ-as : « d ta d Julyit-inu tekkes tasa ». S waẓri-nnes n iniren n ɛemmars wer iẓrin tallest. Aẓri n iẓeryawen immars-dd zzati am tsekkurt dd-iḍwin deg ijenwan n wakud n zic, tiweḍ-dd lexxu ɣer wakud n yiḍa s waẓri amen tt-ijja Wilyam Cikspir.
Necc wer ssineɣ ! nettat wer tessin ! min illan nessen-it marra yedneɣ netta ɣir ẓriɣ -tt tesseddar tayri-nni innuffaren deg wul-inu. Ɣir teẓra-ayi sseddareɣ tayri-nni innuffaren deg wul-nnes. Tayri wer ittmettin ttuɣa-tt teṭṭes deg wumadaf-nneɣ waxxa ttuɣa-neɣ d iseggusa njars deg wejris.
Necc tɣil-ayi axmi nni tt-ssneɣ cḥal uya, ttuɣa ẓriɣ-tt waha amec qqaren. Maca necc ɛemmars ma tɣil-ayi nettwajj-dd i wayawya zeg wass amezwaru. Netwajj d afriwen n wejḍiḍ n tayri.
Teyra-aneɣ d tudart zegga ttuɣa netɣil nemmut ; neffafar d aked wayawya d afriwen n tayri. Maca necc wer ssineɣ ma neddar niɣ nemmut ? Niɣ netteddar netmetta ? Ma din ca n tudart awarni tmettant ? Min ssneɣ netta tayri wer tmetti jar-aneɣ waxxa tzemmar ad temmet jar yinniḍen.
Nniɣ-as :
— Necc lexxu wsareɣ xef tayri a Julyit-inu. Mani ttuɣa tennuffared ar llux ? Cḥal xaf-m cuceɣ wer ufiɣ jjurret-nnem ? Cciɣ xef usebbel-nnem arhaj ḥuma akid-m iliɣ di tudart-nniḍen, maca wer cemm ufiɣ din ca, cem tesniɛmiled waha necc ggiɣ-tt s tidet. Wami xarrseɣ ad xzareɣ mammec ɣa ggeɣ ad ɣer-m dewleɣ, cem tenɣid ixef nnem, necc dewleɣ d ɣer tudart, uca amenni neqqim : ijjen itmetta d ijjen iteddar-dd. Ar melmi ɣa neqqim ammu?
Texzar-dd deg-i axminni teẓẓuyet lxezrat deg wudem-inu, tesḥissef terra-dd xafi :
— Wah a yul-inu cḥal necc neqqeɣ ixef-inu ? Cḥal necc ssutareɣ zeg iyakucen ḥuma a dayi-dd-rren ɣer tudart akidc msagareɣ ? Maca lebda ntemsixṭa deg webrid ; ijjen ittmetta d, ijjen iteddar d. Ula d necc uḥleɣ, mli ufiɣ ili nemmut ict twala waha uca ad neqqim nemmut, niɣ ad neddar ict twala waha, uca ad nemmet am yewdan marra.
Yuẓa ɣarneɣ wemsagar-nneɣ jer tmettant-nneɣ d tudart-nneɣ ; necc xezzareɣ deg-s tettmetta, nettat txezzar degi tteddareɣ d ; niɣ necc xezzareɣ days tetteddar-dd, nettat txezzar deg-i ttmettiɣ ; lexdenni waha i nzemmar ad nẓar ayawya, a nini ca i wayawya. Zi ssin aɣilin ixess-aneɣ a nsiɣi mkul ijjen xef webrid-nnes ar ameggar, uca ad idwel xef webrid-nnes ad yerzu xef wenniḍen i itxarrisen kifkif. Tuẓa ɣer-neɣ tiraret-a i ntirar sennej i teflewt umezgun mani daneɣ ikref Cikspir. Ixess aneɣ a neqḍew iceddan a nesrew tisarrawin. A nḍew deg ujenna d ilelliyen am tyuya n yedbiren. Maca muxas ruxa ? Ili negga-tt wami ttuɣa-neɣ d Iyakucen wadji lexxu wami nedḥa d isemɣan deg ufus n Wilyam i ixsen ad ittwassen deg umaḍal xef weɛrur n tayri-nneɣ. Maca arramet-nnes temmut cḥal zeggʷami. Iqqim ḥa yisem-nnes iddar akidneɣ. Ixess-as ad yili iddar ḥuma ad tafed nzemmar a zeg-s nettar ad yegg niɣ ad yari tameggarut n tmezgunt-nnes i ittɣil yura-tt. Walu qaɛ beɛda ad issenfel tameggarut n tudart-nneɣ amec nexs neccin ad tili wadji amec yexs netta i daneɣ-yejjin nettsara jer tudart d tmettant i lebda. Ɛemmars a nemsagar di tmettant ula di tudart ḥuma a nessars ifasen xef ifassen a ndarreɛ i wayawya i lebda ɛemmars a nemsebḍa xef wayawya. Wami daneɣ yerra d itsemɣan a daneɣ-ineɣ a daneɣ-yemḍel deg ijjen wemḍel beɛda. Ad qqimen yexsan-nneɣ ṭṭarf iwaṭṭarf ttexsen ayawya waxxa adu ucal d weẓru. Mala Yakuc yexs a daneɣ-yerr buḥber-nneɣ a naff beɛda ayawya ṭṭarf iwaṭarf. Uca ad nalles i tmexsa-nneɣ tamaynut niɣ a nsiɣi xef tenni tamezwarut. Niɣ a daneɣ-yejj neddar nmun i lebda niɣ mala yexs a neddar tudart-nneɣ ar ɣa nemmet. Niɣ mala yegga mliḥ issiggʷej xaf-s tusmin zi tmexsa-nneɣ a daneɣ-yerr tilelli-nneɣ amecnaw amezwar. A nili d Iyakucen a neddar amec nexs mani nexs wadji sennej i teflewt umezgun waha. Netta ad ittwassen ad ittwassen mammec ma daneɣ-yegga. Maca wi t-idd-ɣa-isnekkaren zi tmeḍlin lexxu wami yemmut ? Wi deg-s dd-ɣa-yerren buḥbel zegga zeg-s yeffeɣ ?
Amnus-a ma ad neqqim neddar-it i lebda ? Amnus a nessen belli wer ɣer-s bu wefsay. Ula d ijjen ma izemmar ad t-idd-yerr ɣer tudart ḥa wenni t-idd-yejjin. Yakuc i t-idd-yejjin wer ssineɣ ad yexs a t-idd-yerr ɣer tudart ula wer ittexs ? Minzi netta yejja-dd tudart : tudart nettat ad tlulid zeg uɛeddis n yemmac, ad teddared min xaf-k yuran n wussan uca ad temted a cekk-meḍlen ḥuma a cekk-ccent tkeccawin niɣ a cekk-skemḍen ḥuma ad tnejmed i tkeccawin. Zi ssin aɣilin d Yakuc ameqqran waha iyessnen ma a daneɣ dd-yerr ɣer tudart-nniḍen niɣ rid amenni. Netta wer ittirar amec zeg-neɣ yirar Cikspir. Netta wami d yejja tudart yejja-dd akid-s aselgen n tudart tt-isegguren. Wac netta ad ireẓ aselgen xef usebel-nneɣ ? Maca min ɣa negg wami nennuɣ jar tmettant ittagin a zeg-neɣ tisi ijjen waha mala wer illi wenniḍen d tudart wer daneɣ-ittexsen ɣir mala nmun ? Ma nettar zi Yakuc ameqqran ad yerr buḥber di arramet n Cikspir ḥuma a daneɣ-yesmun twalat-nniḍen waxxa nessen belli wer ittexs ca ? D wa d aseqsi i sseqsiɣ Julyit ict twala wami kids msagareɣ di txuxxet-nni jar tmettant d tudart wer ssineɣ ttuɣa ttmettiɣ ula tteddreɣ ! maca nettat tenna-ayi-dd di temrarut-nnes :
— Waxxa wer ittexs, ixes-aneɣ ad zzays nettar ḥadar a das-nezzillez, ad deg-s taɣ tayri nneɣ, ad tafed ad irḍeb wul nnes ! wi yessnen ? Izemmar ad issenfel array-nnes ad yerr buḥbel ɣer arramet yercan n Cikspir ? Wa ad taɣ ad deg-s iqar umarret nneɣ !
— Nzemmar a nezzillez i Yakuc ad yerr Cikspir ɣer tudart, maca Cikspir wer ittexs ad issenfel tameggarut n tmezgunt-nnes, minzi d tenni d tasarrawt n tmezgunt-nnes.
D tidet a Julyit-inu, mala issenfel tameggarut n tmezgunt uca yejja-neɣ a nmun, netta ad ikkar ad ireggʷeḥ ad iẓẓel deg wemḍel-nnes ad immet netta d buḥbel-nnes d yisem-nnes. Akidsen temmet ula tmezgunt-nsen. Mala nmun neccin a Julyit-inu, netta ad ifruri d ifetwizen n yejdi ad iweḍḍar. Ula d ijjen wer t-ittessen ma ttuɣa yella niɣ ttuɣa wer yelli. Julyit-inu xseɣ a d-am-iniɣ belli neccin wer nelli. Niɣ ittɣil-as neccin wer nelli. Neccin ɣir tyafut uxarres-nnes waha. Neccin d ixarriqen waha. Neccin d tiḥuja waha ttallsen-tent yewdan ijjen i yijjen. Ttɣil-as neccin d imeẓẓyanen waha wer nelli d iyakucen, s uyenni zeg-neɣ yirar mammec ixs. Ɛemmars netta ma ttuɣa ittɣil neccin a das-nennufser zeg ufus am tyuya n yedbiren a nḍew deg wumaḍal-nnes ijja awarn-as wami yemmut netta, ijja-neɣ neccin neddar deg-s jar tmettant d tudart. Julyit-inu neccin d isemɣan. Niɣ tɣil-as neccin d isemɣan-nnes netta i daneɣ-dd-yejjin zi tirja-nnes. Uca ittɣil-as d tasɣart-nnes ad zzayneɣ yegg min yexs netta. Ad deg-neɣ yirar mammec yexs. Maca neccin a Julyit-inu d iyakucen n tayri. Niɣ ttuɣa ttɣil-aneɣ neccin d iyakucen, d ilelliyen, nettegg min nexs, netraḥ mani nexs, wer daneɣ-iteṭṭef ucal ula d ajenna. Wer nessin iymiren n tmura ula n wakud. Netteddar deg wass waha. Wer ɣer-neɣ bu tmeddit di nteṭṭes ḥuma a nemsafaḍ aked wayawya. Nettɣima lebda aked wayawya. Maca lexxu yendiy-aneɣ taxceft. Nugur ɣer-s s iḍaren-nneɣ. Nsur nennuɣ deg-s i lebda a Julyit-inu ! lexdenni ɛad i nfaged belli neccin d isemɣan. Niɣ nedḥa d isemɣan n wenni daneɣ-dd-yejjin zi twengimt-nnes waha ! lexxu ɛad i nuka belli tudart i nesseɛdu d ilelliyen d taquḍaḍt s waṭṭas wadji amecnaw ta i nesɛeddu lexxu uḍarebbi wer ɣer-s bu uneggar ! ggʷdeɣ a Julyit-inu a nsiɣi ammu i lebda ! ggʷdeɣ ɛemmars a nmun amec ttuɣa nmun ! ggʷdeɣ wer itbeddi wakud ! …
Marra min dam-nniɣ d tidet a Julyit-inu ! d neccin i buqaren ; cemm tesniɛmired temmuted. Necc ittɣil-ayi s tidet temmuted. S uyenni necc ggiɣ-tt nican nɣiɣ ixef-inu ḥuma akid-m iliɣ i lebda. Maca iffeɣ-aneɣ rid amenni. Netwaymar ansam am yedbiren umi tiwiy tayri taynit, tesbuheliy-iten uca wer ssinen mani ttressan ar ami ufin ixef-nsen adu tefdult.
Mammec ɣa negg lexxu a neddar tudar-a tamarzagt yumsen s tamment ulili? Ma a neqqim nteddar nettmetta ḥuma a neqqim nettexs ayawya ? Niɣ a nemmexs ayawya ḥuma ad tafed wer nettici s wayawya, uca ad temmet tayri deg wulawen-nneɣ ? Tameggarut-nneɣ ad tettwasfeḍ tayri-nneɣ. Ad tili axmi ɛemmars wer telli. Tanfust-nneɣ axmi ɛemmars wer temsar. Minzi wenni itilin d ismeɣ wer izemmar ad yexs min yexs. Wer tzemmar ad tili tayri nican mala wer dinni tilelli. Qa tettwalid mani niweḍ lexxu ! mayemmi tayri-nneɣ mala wer nmun ? Wer nettmun di tudart wer nettmun di tmettant ! mayemmi tayri-nneɣ mala neccin nedḥa d isemɣan n Cikspir ? Ixessa-neɣ a nessekkar tagrawla xef Cikspir ḥuma a dd-narr tilelli-nneɣ! manima texs ad taweḍ, taweḍ ! waxxa ɣa t-neɣḍer ɣer tmurt, ad idwel d walu. I neccin mayemmi ? Maɣar netta ixarres dayneɣ niɣ di tayri-nneɣ ? Ula d neccin wer das netterri taynit-nneɣ ; amec daneɣ yerra d isemɣan, a t-narr ula d neccin d ismeɣ zegga ttuɣa idḥa d yakuc xef weɛrur-nneɣ !
Maca, mala necc ttuɣa txarriseɣ waha tḥuzeɣ wer ma ad ggeɣ ca imsar min wer di ttuɣa ɛemmars wer xarseɣ : Julyit-inu teggi tt nican ; uḍarebbi tufa-ayi qeḍɛeɣ layas, twarẓeɣ ɣer umadaf-inu :
Twalat tameggarut i kid-s msagareɣ jar tudart d laxart, ttuɣa necc tmettiɣ nettat teddar-dd, wer deg-i dd-texzar, tarra-ayi-dd s weɛrur, yucer-ayi wul, lexdenni i ssneɣ belli d tameggarut n tayri-nneɣ.
Necc-nniɣ waha, nettat tegga : a nemmexs ayawya. Wah tegga-tt nican temmexs-ayi nican ; wer ssineɣ mammec temsar iwca-s wul ad tixḍar jar tayri d tlelli ? Mayemmi tixḍar tilelli ? Nettat tessen belli mala tixḍar-itt tneqq s ufus-nnes tayri-nneɣ, tmettiɣ ula d necc akid-s. Mayemmi tsebbel s tayri xef tlelli ? Mayemmi tsebbel zeg-i xef wer ssineɣ umi ? Tuɣa-ayi tyarẓawt wami fagdeɣ i tidet a ineqqen. Mayemmi tenɣa tayri xef usebbel n tlelli? Mayemmi ma wadji d necc i zeg-s tt-ittaren ?! Wah maca necc wer xarrseɣ ad tt-ggeɣ nican ! necc wer xarrseɣ belli Julyit-inu ad texs ca n yijjen-nniḍen ɣir-ayi ! ad-as iwc wul-nnes ad tettu tayri-nneɣ i ttuɣa netɣil ɛemmars ad temmet! lexxu nxezzar deg-s s tiṭṭawin-nneɣ tetmetta neccin wer nzemmar a negg walu ḥuma a das d nerr buḥbel.
Maca tidet-a d necc i tt-itwalan ammu waha, ma Julyit tettwala-tt mammec-nniḍen : a dayi-tneɣ necc ḥuma ad tsiɣi tayri, ad zeg-i tsebbel necc ḥuma wer ttmetti tayri. Tidet a wer ɣer-i dd-teḍri ɣer taynit-inu ɣir wami ufiɣ ixef-inu mmuteɣ ; minzi necc ttuɣa ttuɣ belli ɣir buḥbel n Rumyu i dayi-izedɣen waha. Necc wer lliɣ ca d Rumyu. S uyenni wami dayi-yufa ggʷdeɣ, qeḍɛeɣ layas. Asitem-inu wer iqqim issitim. Ul-inu yeggur ad iḍḍuqqeẓ minzi yuff am uyeccur s tayri n Julyit. Uca reqfen-t tusmin zeg-i. Iggʷed ad-as awyeɣ Julyit uca ixarres a dayi-ineɣ. Maca iggʷed ula zi Julyit mala inɣa-ayi amenni waha, s uyenni inna-s ixef-nnes a zeg-i issufeɣ buḥbel-nnes ḥuma ad t-teḍfar Julyit. Iwa lexxu d aya i imsaren minzi buḥbel n Julyit iḍeffar buḥbel n Rumyu, buḥbel n Rumyu iḍeffar buḥbel n Julyit. Maca necc ttuɣa igga-yi d taddart-nnes waha xwansu ɣa yaff tazeddiɣt-nnes wer deg-s bu wacna amecnaw necc iddeḥḥas akid-s xef Julyit. Izzelz-ayi uyenni uca dewleɣ-dd ɣer yixef-inu n tidet. Wer ufiɣ zzat-i ɣir iɣembab immexsen ixef-nsen mani ɛad ad xsen ca n yijjen-nniḍen.
Omar LMEDDAM, Ṭanja 08 2018.


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Aṭas n tdukliwin i yesfuglen iḍelli amezwaru n nwamber di yal tamiwin ama di tuddar, ama di temdinin. Γef demma yella-d usewjed n wahil d amerkanti.
Anezgum, isaragen, issura, addal, timeskaniyin senni n lɣerḍ, luziɛa akked leqdicat-nniḍen. Am akken i d-yella userrus n tmuqint n iǧeǧǧigen ɣef iẓekwa n imeɣrasen yeɣlin d asfel ɣef tmurt-a, akken ad yidir di tlelli.
C.W.
Asfugel n umezwaru n nwamber 2013
Aṭas n tdukliwin i yesfuglen iḍelli amezwaru n nwamber di yal tamiwin ama di tuddar, ama di temdinin. Γef demma yella-d usewjed n wahil d amerkanti.

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Urigami
Urigami d awal i d-yekkan seg tutlayt tajapunit. Yesdukel amyag [oru] = Ḍfes akked yisem [kami] = Akaɣeḍ. Zik, deg tmurt n Japun, ttinin-as i kra yellan d aḍfas : [Urikata neɣ Urigata ] = Taɣara n uḍfas. S tmaziɣt, nesmizeɣ awal ama deg tira ama deg ususru. Nerra [u] deg webdil n [o] acku asekkil ‘’o’’ ur yedda ara akked yilugan n tjerrumt n tutlayt-nneɣ mačči am usekkil ‘’P’’ yufa amḍiq-is . Asekkil ‘’o’’ ur d yemmezg ara akked usekkil ‘’u’’, yettḥaraf-it. Rnu i waya s, yessefk fell-aɣ ad ad nxemmem i usuddem n wawalen nniḍen ara neḥwiǧ sya ɣer sdat.
Akka ihi i as-d-nessumer isem n tẓuri-a s tmaziɣt : Urigami. D isem asuf ur yesɛa asegget. Ma nsers-it deg waddad amaruz, ad t-naru akka : wurigami. Asmizzeɣ n yisem n tẓuri isashel-d aslugen-is. Seg neslugen isem n tẓuri, yeldi-d ubrid s asuddem n twacult n wawalen i neḥwaǧ, i yessefken ad ilin deg tutlayt-nneɣ.
D acu i d Urigami ?[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ma neɛreḍ ad nesbadu taẓuri-a s yiwet n tefyirt, ad nini : Urigami d taẓuri n uḍfas n ukaɣeḍ. Maca ma nebɣa ad negzi d acu i d anamek n tefyirt-a, ad naf Urigami d taẓuri, tesɛa ilugan, amezruy akked tewsatin am akk tiẓuryin yellan deg umaḍal. Tin ɣer-s, d taẓuri ur nesbik ara, tmehhez seg useggas ɣer wayeḍ, aṭas n tɣawsiwin i d-yettnulfun. Ihi, ad neɛreḍ ad nsuk tiṭ ɣer wanda tessaweḍ tmuɣli-nneɣ. S uḍfas n ukaɣeḍ, kra ttinin-as daɣen abeṭṭen (awal-a yekka-d seg teɛrabt), nezmer ad d-nesnulfu tiɣawsiwin icebḥen aṭas. Mačči d yiwen n umedya i nezmer ad nawi. Nezmer ad nesnulfu amdan n ukaɣeḍ, aɣersiw, tasafagt, imɣan… tiɣawsiwin akk yesɛan talɣa. Mi ara neḍfes kra, yekfa, taɣawsa-nni, akken tebɣu tili talɣa-as isem-is tamudemt. Deg wansayen n tẓuri, afurk Ajapuni, ladɣa deg wurigami aqbur umi ttinin Urikata, ssemrasen agzam akked tnaṭṭaḍt. Ma d imir-a, deg wurigami atrar, ulac deg-s agzam n ukaɣeḍ neɣ asemlili s tnaṭṭaḍt. Mi ara yili d tamudemt n wurigami azegriran, ggten deg-s yiferdisen i umi nettini : izegriren (azegrir), yessefk fell-aɣ ad nsemlil sin, kraḍ neɣ ugar, nessemlalay-iten s usmikcem neɣ s yiḍefsen. Ma d tanga nessemras d tiferkit n ukaɣeḍ tamkuẓt. Ad greɣ tamawt ɣef talɣa tamkuẓt n tferkit, Seg ufuk Amaziɣ-aspenyuli i d wwin alugen-a akked d kra nniḍen... (Walim ixf III). Akka akka ad naf tamudemt yettwaḍefsen s tferkit yesɛan talɣa tusrimt neɣ talɣa takerdisant, aya yeffeɣ seg yilugan n wurigami Aklasikan.
Urigami, d taẓuri i d-yuɣen qrib akk timura n umḍal, ur tessin tilisa n wakal neɣ tid n usnulfu. Yal amdan, yeɣra neɣ ur yeɣri, d ilemẓi neɣ d amɣar, d argaz neɣ d tameṭṭut, akken yebɣu yili yezmer ad yelmed taẓuri akken ad yuɣal d ameḍfas neɣ d amurigam. Aḍfas n ukaɣeḍ, d taẓuri i wallaɣ akked yiḍudan, ad ak-d-teldi tiwwura ɣer tiẓeḍt akked lferḥ n usnulfu. Urigami mačči d taẓuri kan, d turart i usteɛfu, ad yennecṛaḥ yes-s yal yiwen deg-neɣ. D addal i yesleɣmayen allaɣ i wakken ad yelmed amek ara yerr takti d taɣawsa ger ifassen-nneɣ.
Urigami ur yeḥwaǧ ara amḍiq n uḍfas am tẓuryin nniḍen, anda teddiḍ tzemreḍ ad tḍefseḍ tiferkit-ik. Maca yelha ma neɛzel-as tiɣmert deg uxxam akken ad neǧǧ deg-s akaɣeḍ akked tmudmin yekfan neɣ ahat tid yellan d asenfar i nettheggi akken ad tent-neḍfes.
Amezruy awezlan n tẓuri[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Anekcum[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Aḍfas n ukaɣeḍ yennulfa-d deg tmurt n Ccin, ttinin-as : Jiǎnzhǐ (akaɣeḍ ugzim). Awal-a yessegrew aḍfas akked ugzam n ukaɣeḍ. Taẓuri-a, ad yili teḍfer-d anulfu n ukaɣeḍ. Maca iban-aɣ-d tura, amhaz n tẓuri, anda ma ulac, yefka-d sin yifurkan, afurk Ajapuni akked ufurk Amuran neɣ ayen i umi nezmer ad as-nsemmi tura, afurk Amaziɣ-aspenyuli. Armi d lqern iɛeddan, deg iseggasen n 30 i demlalen yifurkan-nni, sakin dduklen, fkan-d Urigami atrar nessen tura s tewsatin-is. Ɣas akken llan yinmezrayen n wurigami, uran ddeqs n yidlisen ɣef umezruy n tẓuri, maca mazal d-tban akk tiwin d-yewwi ufurk Amaziɣ-aspenyuli. Yessefk ad ilin yinadiyen ilqayanen acku, ma yella Ispanyuliyen yufrar-d uttekki-nsen deg umhaz n tẓuri, ass-a, uɣalen d aɣerbaz am nitni am Yijapuniyen, aḥric d-wwin Yimaziɣen mazal-it yedreg. Mazal aṭas n tuttriwin i yeḥwaǧen tiririt. Ur yella ara deg yiswi-nneɣ, deg wedlis-a, ad nerr s telqey i yiseqsiyen akk yellan, maca ad neɛreḍ ad nefk kra n tektiwin ara inefɛen inadiyen i d-iteddun. Acku seg tama, wa d adlis n tectelt, seg tama nniḍen, xuṣṣen aṭas n yisallen deg taɣult-a. Yessefk daɣen ad nini, aseɣnew n tewsatin n wurigami yebḍa ɣef kraḍ (3). Tella tiwin d-yewwi ufurk Ajapuni, tella tin d-yewwi ufurk Amaziɣ-aspanyuli akked d wayen d-tewwi tallit tartar ideg ttekkan aṭas iɣerfan amedya n yimarikaniyen, ifransisen… Afurk Ajapuni seg-s i d-newwin Urikata (urigami ansayan), Sukudama (Urigami akuran), Urigami azegriran. Riɣ ad greɣ yiwet n tamawt ɣef wurigami azegriran, ɣas akken ilul-d deg tmurt n Japun, maca asetrer-is yeḍra-d deg tallit tatrar ideg kkin aṭas iɣerfan. Tiwin d-wwin yimaziɣen akked yispanyuliyen, d tawsit ideg ara naf cwiṭ seg tewsit tamadwan akked cwiṭ seg tewsit taddayan asmi llan deg tandalust, Spanya n wass-a. Tiwin n tallit tatrat tebḍa ɣef sin yeḥricen. Asetrer n tewsatin tiqburin amedya n wurigami amadwan, urigami azegriran… akked useɣnew n tewsatin timaynutin amedya n wurigami temsafga, urigami n tusnakt, urigami aẓuran…
Afurk Ajapuni[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg useggas 610 i yekcem ukaɣeḍ ɣer tmurt n Japun. Imir-nni ahat i tedda turart n uḍfas n ukaɣeḍ, deg tallit-nni mazal tuɣal d taẓuri. D ineḍfaren n Tbudit i yewwin akaɣeḍ akked uḍfas-is seg tmurt n Ccin, yedda-d akked unekcum n Tbudit ɣer tmurt n Japun. D ijapuniyen i yefkan isem i tẓuri n wurigami. Kkin deg uslugen n tẓuri armi tuɣal turart n uḍfas i yes-s dehhun d taẓuri. Seg yewweḍ ukaɣeḍ ɣer tmurt i tebda turart tettak aẓar, llan ttinin-as Urikata. D acu kan deg tallit-nni ɣlay ukaɣeḍ, mačči menwala yezmer ad t-yekseb. Acku akaɣeḍ d taɣawsa ɣlayen, ḍefsen yes-s ibudiyen kra n tmudmin, ttafken-tent d asefk i Yuc-nsen Buda. Ttafken daɣen yemdanen tamudemt d asefk deg umenzu n useggas neɣ deg tmeɣriwin, i yesli akked teslit.
Zik, aselmed yella s wawal kan, tettafk-it yemma-s i yelli-s. D imi kan i d allal n tẓuri, ur yelli wacu yuran deg ukaɣeḍ. Aḍris amezwaru deg umḍal i d yemmeslayen ɣef tẓuri n uḍfas d asefru awezlan seg wammud n yisefra n Ihara Saikaku i d-iẓergen deg useggas 1680. Deg usefru-nni ad naf iglem-d umedyaz yiwet n targit yeččuren d iferṭeṭṭa n ukaɣeḍ. Adlis-a d abdar kan i d-yebder taẓuri n Wurikata (urigami ansayan n yijapuniyen). Armi d aseggas n 1764 i d-yeẓreg udlis nniḍen, tikkelt-a asentel-is yettmeslayed ɣef uḍfas n ukaɣeḍ, azwel-is: Ijellilen d tkerrusin «Hoketsuk».
D adlis n Wurikata, deg tallit-nni akka i d as-ttinin i turart n uḍfas. Sakin ɣenwen-d isem n wurigami. Isem-a ur yelli d aqbur, iɣnew-d deg yiseggasen n 1880. Ijellilen d tkerrusin «Hoketsuki», d adlis yura Ise Sadataki, ad naf deg-s timudmin amedya n ujellil i yes-s ttɣummun tiɛenjayin, isefken… Tikwal ḍefsen akaɣeḍ amellal ideg yella usefru neɣ izen yuran akken ad t-cegɛen am tebrat… Muqlem tawlaft n udlis, uṭṭun sin (2). Deg tallit-nni Urikata (aḍfas ansayan) yella ssemrasen-t s tin n leḥdaqa mi ara budden neɣ ttqadaren amdan. Ssemrasen-t daɣen i udlag n tɣawsiwin. Taẓuri n Urikata ur ḍefsen ara timudmin am tid n tura, s umata, ala ajellil n usefk neɣ n leqlul amedya n teqrat n Ṣaki. Sakin, yeffeɣ-d
udlis nniḍen yura Rokoan Gido deg useggas 1797, azwel-is: Lbaḍna n uḍfas n ugim (1000) n yiɣernuqen «Senbazuru Orikata». Muqlem Tiwlifin uṭṭun Kraḍ (3). Nezmer ad nini d wa i d adlis amezwaru n tidet n tẓuri n wurigami imi seg tama asentel-is akk yettmeslay-d ḥala ɣef tẓuri n wurigami. Seg tama nniḍen, llan deg-s uzenziɣ n wamek ara neḍfes tamudemt n uɣernuq n ukaɣeḍ. izenziɣen-nni i d-yeddan deg udlis, nezmer ad nini fell-asen d nitni i d ababat n umeskan.
Terna teffeɣ-d deg useggas n 1845 yiwet n tsanayt i d-yesgerwen ansayen akked tẓuryin n Japun. Ddan-d deg-s akk timudmin tiqburin i d-yegran deg yidles Ajapuni. Llan deg-s azal n 40 tmudmin s wunuɣen-nsent. Azwel n tsanayt-a d wa : Tamusni rqiqen am tafat i d-ikecmen seg ṭṭaq deg tegrest «Ken no mado».
Ger wurigami atrar d wurikata, taẓuri n ujellil neɣ tansayant n Japun, mačči kifkif-iten. Zik, llan ssemrasen yiwen n ukaɣeḍ yettwaxeddmen s ufus, sawalen-as waci (washi) Mi ara ḍefsen yimeḍfasen n tallit-nni akaɣeḍ, ur yewzin ara uḍefs-nsen am win n wid n tura. Acku seg tama, akaɣeḍ ala winna i yellan yerna ur qeṭben ara yiḍefsen-is. Seg tama nniḍen, ur tellugen ara tẓuri am wakka tellugen tura. Rnu i waya, llan gezmen akaɣeḍ, ssenṭaḍen-t s usenṭaḍ. Armi d-yekcem lqern wis 20 i tellugen tẓuri s ilugan iɣef msefhamen akk yimurigamen n umḍal s tɣara tunṣibt, ilul-d wurigami atrar s tewsatin-is yemmeẓlen.
Aɣernuq n Japun, d azamul n telwit[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Aɣernuq yesɛa azal ameqqran deg yidles Ajapuni. D agḍiḍ imqeddes di tmuɣli n uɣref Ajapuni. Ttalsen-d yiwet n tenfust i d-yettinin aya : Win ara iḍefsen agim (1000) n yiɣernuqen n ukaɣeḍ ad yaweḍ s ayen yessarem. Ma yuḍen umdan ad yejji, ma iḥemmel ad yaweḍ lebɣi-is… D azamul n telwit ɣur yimurigamen n umḍal i lmend n yiwet n tedyant yeḍran di tmurt n Japun. Ta d tadyant n Sadako Sasaki. D yiwet n tegrudt tajapunit d ilulen ass n 7 yennayer 1943, temmut deg wass n 25 Tuber 1955 nettat di leɛmer-is mraw sin (12) yiseggasen. Yenɣa-tt waṭan d-yekkan seg uṭerḍeq n lbumba n ubelkin deg temdint n Hiroshima, Japun. Tella tezdeɣ Sadako di twennaḍt n wemḍiq ideg teḍra taluft-nni, azal n sin yigima (2000) n yimitren, d aya. Deg tallit-nni, tesɛa deg leɛmer-is sin iseggasen. Imir-nni tezgel-itt tmettant. Tedder Sadako ur d-iban fell-as waccemma armi d aseggas n 1954, tuḍen, tekcem ɣer sbiṭar. D tameddakelt-is i as-yemlan tanfust n uḍfas n wagim n yiɣernuq n ukaɣeḍ. Dɣa tebda aḍfas n yiɣernuqen n ukaɣeḍ, tɣil mi ara tessiweḍ agim (1000), ad tt-ɛawnen iyucen akken ad tejji. Teḍfes 644 n yiɣernuqen temmut. Tɣaḍ akk imeddukal-is n uɣerbaz, kren kemlen aḍfas n yiɣernuqen-nni armi ssawḍen agim (1000). Sakin jemɛen-as-d idrimen s ɣur yibalmuden n yiɣerbazen akk n tmurt n Japun. Bnan-as asebdad. Sreqten-tt-id nettat teṭṭef aɣernuq n ureɣ. Walim tawlaft uṭṭun Ukuẓ (4), semmus (5) akked seddis (6). S azadur n usebdad, ad naf urant tefyirin-a:
Ta d tiɣwist-nneɣ Ta d taẓallit-nneɣ Akken ad nebnu talwit deg umḍal.
Yal aseggas, igurdan akk n umḍal ḍefsen iɣernuqen, ttaznen-ten ɣer temdint n Hiroshima. iɣernuqen n ukaɣeḍ yettawḍen ɣer din, srusun-ten akk sdat n usebdad. Akka i yuɣal uɣernuq n ukaɣeḍ, ɣur yimurigamen n umḍal, d azamul agraɣlan n telwit. Walim tawlaft uṭṭun Sa (7) akked Tam(8), aɣernuq amuddur akked win n ukaɣeḍ.
Afurk Amuran neɣ Amaziɣ-aspenyuli[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tabadut n wawal amuran[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Amuran, s tutlayt tafransist ttarun-t akk Mauresque, d arbib yesɛan amalay akked wunti. Nettaru amalay-is akka : Amuran (imuranen). Ma nsers-it deg waddad amaruz, ad t-naru akka : Umuran, yimuranen. Ma d unti-s nettaru-t akka : Tamurant (timuranin). Ma nsers-it deg waddad amaruz, ad t-naru akka : Tmurant (tmuranin). Amuran d awal i d-yekkan seg yisem Amuri yesɛan ula d netta amalay akked wunti. Asegget-is nettaru-t akka : imuriyen. Mi ara ten-sers deg waddad amaruz, ad ten-naru akka : Umuri (yimuriyen). Ma d unti-s nettaru-t akka : Tamurit (Timuriwin). D awal i d-yekkan seg yisem Amur.
Amur, anamek-is d akal, d ayla, d aḥric… Nettini : Wa d amur-iw, d ayla-w, d aḥric-iw…” Mi ara ad as-nernu ‘’t’’ n wunti yettuɣal akka : t + amur + t = tamurt” . Zik timetti-nneɣ, am akk timttiwin n yiɣerfan n umḍal, tella tebḍa ɣef sin. Llan wid i umi nettini Imuriyen (at Umur, wid yesɛan amur n wakal), d imdanen yedren deg yiwen n umḍiq. Ttidiren yimuriyen deg tiɣremt, bennun ixxamen-nsen s weẓru, xedmen tafellaḥt… ‘’Kkan-d seg teqbilt n Yibranissen, d taqbilt tameqrant” . Llan daɣen wid i umi ttinin Imaziɣen, d imdanen ilelliyen yedren deg ugar n yiwen umḍiq, leḥḥun seg temnaḍt ɣer tayeḍ. S umata, Imuriyen dren deg ugafa n tmazɣa, ma d Imaziɣen deg unẓul. Igelliden amedya n Gaya, Masensen, Sifaks, Yuba amezwaru, Yuba wis sin… d Imuriyen. Takfarinas… d Amaziɣ. Tura d isem Amaziɣ i newwi d isem-nneɣ, ad yili ahat imi anamek-is d tilelli… Akka i d amdan, yezga yettnadi ɣef wayen i t-ixuṣṣen.
Anekcum[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Am waken xedmen Ijapuniyen i xedmen lejdud-nneɣ imuriyen (imaziɣen ass-a), wwin-d taẓuri n uḍfas n ukaɣeḍ s ɣur Iciniyen. Tedda-d tẓuri-a akked unekcum n ukaɣeḍ ɣer tmazɣa ahat deg lqern wis X. Mačči s ɣur ijapuniyen i tt-id-newwi, acku ur nufa ara deg umezruy yella wassaɣ ger Imuriyen akked Yijapuniyen. Sakin, deg lqern wis XI, nessekcem akaɣeḍ ɣer Yurup. Ad yili deg tallit-nni i negla ula s tẓuri n uḍfas n ukaɣeḍ. Tawsit i d-snulfan imuriyen deg-s cwiṭ n wayen i umi nettini tura deg tallit tatrat urigami amadwan akked cwiṭ seg wurigami addayan. S umata d timudmin tinzegganin, acku deg tallit-nni yella yettwagdel usgudem n wemdan neɣ aɣersiw. D wa i umi nettini : Urigami ansayan n yimuriyen neɣ urigami amuran. Ttbut n waya d tamudemt n ugḍiḍ i umi nettini ‘’awaqqur n ukaɣeḍ’’ yesɛan deg leɛmer-is anda ma ulac VII leqrun. Tamudemt-a, d ttbut n tilin n wemhaz n tẓuri yemmeẓlen d wwin n yijapuniyen. Llan kra ssawḍen armi d-nnan, ula d aseɣnew n tẓuri n uḍfas mačči deg Ccin i d-teḍra maca deg sin imeḍqan, Tandalust (Spanya) akked Japun. Ma nwala s “Awaqqur n ukaɣeḍ”, ad naf seg-s i d-wwin ilugan i ɣef yebna tura wurigami atrar. Nezmer ad nini, war ma ikukra umdan, amhaz n tẓuri n wurigami, anda ma ulac, yeḍfer sin iberdan. Agḍiḍ-a taferkit-is d tamkuẓt, ulac deg-s agzam n ukaɣeḍ, ulac deg-s asenṭeḍ s usenṭaḍ am waken yella deg wurigami ansayan n yijapuniyen. D imenzayen n wurigami ansayan n yimuriyen neɣ afurk Amaziɣ-aspanyuli, i yewwi ass-a wurigami atrar. Awaqqur n ukaɣeḍ d tamudemt tatrart ɣas akken leɛmer-is, am waken i d-nenna usawen, azal n VII leqrun aya seg wasmi tt-d-snulfan. Aṭas n tɣemmar seg tmeddurt n tẓuri n wurigami iɣer mazal tewwiḍ tafat n umezruy akken yiwen wass ad iban wayen idergen.
Awaqqur n ukaɣeḍ[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Anwa i d amesnulfu n uwaqqur n ukaɣeḍ ? Ulac adlis i d yemmeslayen fell-as, ulac ttbut ala netta s timmad-is. Ayen i tebten, snulfan-t-id deg Tandalust, Spanya n wass-a, ahat ger lqern wis XI akked wis XIII. Tamudemt-a isem-is s tespenyulit ’’Pajirita’’ (agḍiḍ ameẓyan). Ifransisen ttinin-as ‘’la cocotte’’ (tayaziḍt). Ma d nekni nettini-as : Awaqqur n ukaɣeḍ. Deg kra imeḍqan n tmurt n yiqbayliyen yemmeẓli ususru-s n yisem n uwaqqur, kra ttinin-as : Aqqur neɣ aqqer.
Ma neɛreḍ ad neṣleḍ tamudemt-a, ad naf deg-s kra iberdan i izemren ad aɣ-ssiwḍen ɣer bab-is neɣ amesnulfu-s. Amurigam i d yesnulfan awaqqur n ukaɣeḍ mačči kan d amdan iḥemmlen aḍfas, nezmer ad nini fell-as d anazbay. Acku deg tallit-nni, anaẓur-a yella yesɛa nnig uqerruy-is ugdilen n tesɣent (Ddin). Asgudem n uɣersiw neɣ n umdan s uẓru, s usɣar, s urekti n taleɣt neɣ s ukaɣeḍ yettwagdel deg tallit-nni. Ɣas akken, yeṭṭef taɣennant, ur yebra ara i uḍfas n ukaɣeḍ. Ɣef waya i nezmer ad nini deg tazwara, amesnulfu n tmudemt-a d ineslem mačči d aɛebri, mačči d amasiḥi. Tin ɣer-s, d ineslem menwala, lemmer yella d uẓmik ur yettili d anaẓur. D mmis n uɣref acku wid i ḥekmen ur d-lhin ara d uḍfas, ssemrasen akaɣeḍ i tɣawsiwin nniḍen. Walim ukessar-a tawlaft uṭṭun Tza (9), d wa i umi nettini awaqqur n ukaɣeḍ.
Abrid nniḍen, ad aɣ-yawi s imuriyen acku ulac later n tira. Aɣref amaẓiɣ deg tallit-nni, s umata d atlay. Win d-yesnulfan Awaqqur-a, lemmer d amdan ur nelli d amaziɣ, talli ahat ad naf idlisen ɣef wurigami yuran s tutlayt taɛrabt neɣ ahat s tutlayt taspanyulit. Ulac din ccek lemmer ad yili unadi deg umezruy n tẓuri-a, aṭas n tɣawsiwin ara naf zemrent ad aɣ-swehment. Tura, rran Awaqqur n ukaɣeḍ d azamul n yimurigamen n Yurup. Maca ɣur-neɣ, d azamul i yekkan nnig tẓuri s timmad-is, d azamul n tlelli akked uzbu.
Tura ad neɛreḍ ad wali acuɣer i yuɣal uwaqqur d azamul. Ɣur Iyurupiyen yuɣal d azamul n yimurigamen-nsen acku d tamudemt i d-ilulen deg tmurt n Spanya yellan am wakken teẓram akk deg Yurup. Azamul-a (Awaqqur), nettalas deg-s ula d nekni, maca yemmeẓli unamek i as-nefka. Tamezwarut, ilul-d s yiwet n tmuɣli neɣ deg yiwet n tallit n uzbu mgal n wugdilen n tesɣent am wakken i t-id-nenna usawen. Ɣas akken deg tallit-nni ideg yedder unaẓur, lihala tella teẓmek, maca yufa-d abrid anseg yekka. Seg tama, yessemneɛ aqerruy-is seg tmettant imi awaqqur yeḍfes ur yesɛa ara udem n ugḍiḍ, qrib ur iban d acu-t, ad as-tiniḍ d udem anzeggan, d aya. Seg tama nniḍen, ur yeḥbis ara aḍfas akked usnulfu n tmudmin. Yezger i tlilisa am tmilla, yekka nnig n tmuɣli n yemdanen n tallit-nni, d amdan bu tektiwin tilelliyin.
Tamudemt-a isem-is awaqqur acku d tajmil i nerra i unaẓu i tt-id-isnulfan. Am waken teẓram, awaqqur amuddur d azamul n tlelli acku ur iqebbel ara tameddurt deg lqebṣ. Akken ara yeqqim, ur itečč ur ites alamma yemmut. Isenyaf tamettant wala tameddurt deg lqebṣ am unamek i nefka i umaziɣ. Rnu i waya, Awaqqur d anaẓur n uẓawan, d amẓawen ameqran, mačči yiwet n taɣect i yesɛa. Mi ara as-tesleḍ, ad as-tiniḍ d tasanfunit n Bethoven. D azamul n uzbu i lmend n tmeddurt yedder unaẓur i t-id-yesnulfan. Rnu i waya, Awaqqur, s umata icennu s umata deg yiḍ. Amzun akken yebɣa ad yini, ɣas akken tebrek n yiḍ, nezmer ad nesnulfu, ad nesseɣnew tiɣawsiwin icebḥen aṭas, yesɛan azal...
Awaqqur amuddur[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Awaqqur amuddur d agḍiḍ yettinigen seg tmurt ɣer tayeḍ. Ulac tamurt ideg yettɣim akk aseggas. Yettaweḍ-d ɣer tmurt n Lezzayer deg tefsut, yettuɣal deg taggara n unebdu. Učči n uwaqqur amuddur d ibeɛɛac amedya n tweḍfin. Ibennu lɛec-is qrib s aswir n tqaɛet tikwal srid ɣef dqaɛet deg yimeḍqan idergen i tmuɣli. Yettarew s umata azal n wukuẓ (4) neɣ semmus (5) n tmellalin. Yesɛa deg lqed-is azal n 16 isantimitren. Ma nket iferrawen-is deg sin (2) mi ara ldin, nettaf-iten sɛan ger 22 ar 24 isantimitren. Taẓeyt : 18 ar 27 n yigramen. Ma d tameddurt-nsen tettaweḍ ɣer 6 iseggasen.
Awaqqur deg tsekla s umata yettban-d amzun akken d agḍiḍ iḥeznen. Wissen ahat imi s umata icennu deg yiḍ. Deg tmetti, ttaken-t d amedya. Ttinin-as i win neɣ tin yesɛan taɣect ilhan, yesɛa taɣect n uwaqqur.
Urigami atrar neɣ taleslalit n tẓuri[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg yiseggasen-nni n 1930 akked 1940 i bdan yettemlili ufurk Ajapuni akked ufurk Amaziɣ-aspanyuli. Sakin tqelleɛ tleslalit n tẓuri n Wurigami deg umḍal, niqal tesbek am akken i tt-id-ǧǧan d leqrun aya i teqqim. D amurigam Uchiyama Koko i d ababat n wurigami atrar. Deg iseggasen 1930 i d-ḍran inadiyen imezwura ɣef yizaduren. Yesnulfa-d daɣen timudmin timaynuten, iḍfes-d tijeǧǧigin. D netta daɣen i d amezwaru i isetnen izerfan-is n umeskar, yefka azal i wayen d-yesnulfa, yestenya-t. Acku zik ur ttestenyin ara tamudemt mi ara tt-id-snulfun, tettɣimi akken war isem. Sakin ḍefren-t-id tsutwin n yinaẓuren nniḍen, yal wa d acu i d-yewwi d amaynut i tẓuri n wurigami. Amedya n Yoshizawa Akira i d-iẓergen 18 yidlisen ideg ara naf akk timudmin-nni d timaynutin. Walim tawlaft uṭṭun mraw kraḍ (13), Mass Akira akked tmudmin i d-yesnulfa netta s timmad-is. Deg useggas 1950, d Akira Yoshizawa (Ajapuni) akked Sam Randlett (Amarikani) i d-yesnulfan izamulen n tɣuri ssemrasen tura akk yimurigamen n umḍal. Slugnen ameskan, yuɣal yeshel uglam akked tɣuri n yiḍefsen n tmudmin. Anagraw-a ttinin-as tura : Anagraw Yoshizawa-Randlett.
Tameẓla yellan ger urigami ansayan d utrar mmalen-ten-id kra tɣawsiwin. Amedya amezwaru d aslugen n tẓuri. Yiwen umenzay seg yimenzayen n uzadur n urigami atrar yettini-d : Timudmin akk ara d-yesnulfu umurigam yessefk ad ilint seg tferkit tamkuẓt. Ad tettwaḍfes tferkit war agzam neɣ asenṭeḍ n ukaɣeḍ s usenṭaḍ. Asnulfu n umeskan yessegrawel taẓuri. Acku asemres n umeskan yettalel amurigam akken ad yales i tmudemt akken tella mačči s ugacu. Yettḍafar umurigam n wassa ameskan ideg ara yaf akk isallen i yes-s ara yeḍfes tamudemt. Asnulfu n tmudmin timaynutin teldi tawwurt i useɣnew n tewsatin nniḍen amedya n wurigami aẓuran, urigami addayan, urigami n tusnakt… Assa, urigami yefrek d tiwsatin. Taẓuri, tura tesɛa ilugan ibanen, yettwasnen. Di tazwara d tiziknin tigraɣlanin kan i yessawḍen taẓuri n wurigami ad tt-issinen ugar n yemdanen. Tura rnan-d wallalen nniḍen amedya n Anternet, idlisen, tiliẓri akked yisalalen nniḍen, ssawḍen taẓuri ɣer qrib akk timura n umaḍal.
Urigami deg tmurt n Lezzayer[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tallit taqburt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Da ɣur-neɣ nessen seg wacḥal aya d acu i d Aḍfas n ukaɣeḍ. Anwa deg-neɣ ur neḍfes tasafagt, tasebbaḥrut neɣ ahat aɣerrabu ? Anwa ur neḍfis tacacit s ukaɣeḍ n uɣmis deg uzal akken ad yesdari aqerruy-is seg ḥamu n yiṭij?… Aya akk d taẓuri n wurigami, aya akk yesɛa amezruy.
Taswiɛt-a ulac inadiyen ara aɣ-d-yemmel amek teḍra, amek temhez tẓuri seg tallit-nni tandalusant ɣer tallit i deg d-tekcem Fransa ɣer tmurt n lezzayer. D tallit taberkant yeḥwaǧen tafat. Deg taggara n lqern wis XIX, asmi d-yewweḍ uɣerbaz agdudan ɣer tmurt n Lezzayer i d-yegla s tẓuri n wurigami. D tisutwin n yigurdan i yellan ḍefsen akaɣeḍ. Grant-d kra n tmudmin mazal cfan fell-asent medden amedya n uɣerrabu, tasafagt, aqerru n umcic…
Tallit tatrart[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Seg tewwi tmurt n Lezzayer timmunent-is, tebda tẓuri n wurigami la d-tettefeɣ seg uɣerbaz cwiṭ cwiṭ armi truḥ tenger. Grant-d kra n tmudmin tiqburin d cfaya ɣur wid yeɣran yakan deg uɣerbaz afransis. Maca, ɣer taggara-a, s Anternet, anekcum n kra n yedlisen n tẓuri, s tutlayt tafransist, ɣer tnedlisin n tmurt-nneɣ akked uẓrag n yedlisen s tutlayt tamaziɣt, nezmer ad nini tqelleɛ tleslalit n tẓuri n wurigami.


text:
AWAL N UMEƔNAS
AMEƔNAS : Azul Da Yusef, acimi turiḍ adlis ( taktabt) agi ɣef Lwennas, imi nezṛa akken d tikelt tamenzut ara taruḍ, ɣef yiwen wemdan, nesn-ik deg tullisin, neɣ deg ungalen ?
YUSEF ZIREM : D tidett, ur-ɣ ɣef Lwennas, imi d amedyaz ḥeml-eɣ, d anaẓuṛ ṭafaṛ-eɣ, tudert-is akk d amennuɣ ɣef yedles aqbayli, imaziɣen, ɣef umaḍal arkk imi yal taswiɛt deg ara iwali ayen ur nelhi, ad-yini aya ur igerrez ara, yewḍ-ed wass 20 iseggasen aya deg asmi iyettwanɣa, d tira i yufiɣ d abrid akken ad as-rreɣ tajmilt, imi aqli deg Fransa i ttidireɣ, tamurt-agi d tamurt, n yedles d tira, sarameɣ mači kan d adlis agi ara yettwarun fell-as, ilaq ad-fɣen wiyaḍ.
Adlis agi d ayen walaɣ ɣef Lwennas, mači d ayen akk id-yedder, mmeslayeɣ-d ɣef akken i tesneɣ, imi mlaleɣt, sneɣt ama cemma, sneɣ wid it-yesnen, ḥkan-iy-id fell-as, ɣṛiɣ ayen yura netta, d wayen uran fell-as wiyaḍ, ihi zedmeɣ-d akka d wakka, deg yal tiẓgi, uri-ɣ-d yiwen wedlis d amectuḥ, akken ur ilaq ara ad tnettu imi yemmut ɣef wayen nessaram, yemmut ɣef yedles nneɣ, ɣef yedles imaziɣe, ɣef tlelli n wegdud aqbayli, d tlelli n wemdan anda ma yella.
Deg wedlis agi, uri-ɣd aṭas n temsal ur tent-ssinen ara yemdanen, maca drus ilaq ad ilin d tiwinas( timeyyatin) n yedlisen, axateṛ yeqdec aṭas yerfed tamuɣli id-yettarran ccan, i wergaz d tmeṭut abeɛda, imi yecna ɣef tmeṭut akken ur cnin ara wiyaḍ fell-as, yemmeslay-ed fell-as akken ur d-emmeslayen ara wiyaḍ fell-as. Awal-iw aneggaru d asirem akken ad tɛum tsuqilt ( traduction) n isefra n Lwennas ar tmeslayin tiyaḍ, deg uḥric agi i mazal nxuṣ, akken isefr-as d imeslayen-is igerzen s waṭas ad nnalen ulawen n leǧnas meṛṛa n dunnit.
AMEƔNAS: ma agd-ininɣ Lwennas akk d Timunent n tmurt taqbaylit ?
YOUSEF ZIREM : nek ad mudd-eɣ tamuɣl-iw kan ɣef temsalt agi, nek ad-iniɣ akken Lwennas iḥemmel, tamurt n leqbayel, iḥemmel diɣ tafriqt ugafa d umaḍal sumata. Lǧehd n Lwennas d tiktiwin ines, imi weqbel yal tamsalt d win yumnen ɣef tikt-as, i yettnaɣen fellasent, maca ur ilaq ara kan anessemẓi Lwennas ar yiwet kan n tmuɣli, neɣ n tikti, neɣ n webrid asertan, ad neddem ameslay id-yenna ad nenkeṛ akk wiyaḍ, ma tegreḍ tamawt deg tsertit yedda d FFS, send akin RCD, umbeɛd yexḍayasen i sin, ma deg tesfift-ines taneggarut yessawl-ed ar tdukli, ilaq ad neddem Lwennas Matub s lekmal-is, akken yella s wayen yella d wayen id-yenna, imi ulac-it dagi akken ad yer tiririt iwen ara nefren neɣ ara neǧ deg tikt-as.
AMEƔNAS: Ma ur ilaq ara ancud kan Lwennas ar yiwet n tikti neɣ ar yiwen wawal, ur nezmir ara diɣ ad nenkeṛ akken d win yecnan u yennuɣen ɣef TEQBAYLIT, ugar n wiyaḍ diɣ weqbel wiyaḍ ?
YUSEF ZIREM : yenn-ad taqbaylit-is weqbel wiyaḍ, yemmeslay-ed ɣef tikti TAFIDIṚALIT, ɣef TEGDUDA TAQBAYLIT, Lwennas mači d win yettagaden tikta, d amdan yesmuzguten ugar n wayen id-yeqqaṛ, ma tella temsirt ara d-nawi deg tɣuṛi n wedlis agi akken Lwennas, d win yettnadin, ilemden, iḥefḍen, yettaẓen ar zzat, weǧin yeqqim kan deg yiwet n tekti. awellih-inu i yelmeẓyen d taɣuṛi, ilaq ad eɣṛen aṭas imi Lwennas d ayen ẓṛ-iɣ nek, d amdan yeqqaṛen aṭas, d annect-agi it-yeṣṣawḍen ar weswir yesɛa, selt nezzeh i tuɣac n Lwennas, ɣṛet isefr-as tellim allaɣ-nwen, qeblet tiktiwin xas deg tazwar ur wnehwit ara, maca selt-asent akken ad tesɛum tamuɣli-nwen kunwi.
« AGDUD UR NEQQAṚ ARA WERǦIN AD YESƐU TILELLI »
AMEƔNAS : Awal n tagara deg tdiwennit agi ?
YUSEF ZIREM : Lwennas d argaz i ysellen iwegdud, ur yettarra yiwen ɣef wemnaṛ n tmusni, yesmuzgut aṭas ur iḥeqqeṛ yiwen s tmuɣli neɣ weqbel ad tyissin, ma yella ass-agi 20 iseggasen deg wasmi i tenɣan mazal ḥemlent nezzeh deg tmurt n leqbayel, akk d tmazɣa, mači baṭel id-usa, yezwaritt waṭas n leqdic d tegzi (lefhama), ɣef waya ilaq diɣ ad nsel i tsutwin id-ittnekkaren, mači yal yiwen ad yeqqaṛ » AḤQ NEK », akken d-ennan, imjuh-ad n FLN, send akin imeɣnasen n 80, art art, ma d ilmeẓyen ad ddun kan d iqeffafen, ulac cciɛa n temɣeṛ d cciɛa n imennuɣen yezrin ( iɛeddan), ilaq ad neffeɣ deg usɛuẓẓeg agi, ass-agi ma yusa-d yiwen ak yini ur umineɣ ara akk s wayen d-eqqaṛem as-nini yenza, neɣ dirit dɣa nettṛebbi lkerhegga, nesserwaliten deg tagara ulac ccek ad naf iman-nneɣ nettwaɛzel, weḥḥed-neɣ kan ilaq ad nḍeggeṛ yir tiktiwin agi.
AMEƔNAS : acu ara d-iniḍ i tesɣunt AMEƔNAS ?
YOUSEF ZIREM : sarameɣ ad teddu deg ubrid n tidett, saramɣ-as tudert ɣezzifen, ad tefk awal i yal win izemren ad yawi ayen igerzen i tmurt n leqbayel i yedles-nneɣ, d imeɣnasen n tmazɣa d wid n umaḍal akken yella
AMDAN .T


text:
Rbaṭ
Rbaṭ d tamaneɣt n tmurt n Merruk, tesɛa deg useggas n 2014 azal n 1,100,000 imezdaɣen.
AmezruyẒreg
Imunen (Imweḥden) bnan agerrar (camp) af wakal yettwasnen tura s yisem n Rbaṭ i wakken lan iẓri af uzaɣar n wasif n Buregreg. Sakkin, At Wandlus i yettmeslayen kan s tespanyulit zedmen fell-as, snuflan Tagduda n Buregreg alamma Iseɛdiyen ṭṭfen tamdint.
IdlesẒreg
Tiwaculin tiqburin n Rbaṭ mmeslayen yiwet Dderja yeččuren s wawalen i d-yekkan seg tespenylit. Yerna taɛrabt-nsen ur d tin n tentalawin Tihellaliyin (Hillalien) am tin n Dukkala.


text:
hmejVB [hmej]
saisir, arracher d'un coup de dent
Flexions hmejnhemmej themjeḍ ihemmjen themjem tettehmajeḍ tehmijeḍ tettehmajem tehmijem ittehmajen hemmej ihemmej hemjemt hemmjen tehmej ttehmajemt hemjent tettehmaj tehmij ttehmajent hmijent hemmjeɣ hmej themmjem yehmej ttehmaj themjemt yettehmaj yehmij tettehmajemt tehmijemt hemmjet themmej hemjeɣ hemmjent nehmej ttehmajeɣ hmijeɣ nettehmaj nehmij yettehmajen ihemjen themmjeḍ hemjet themmjemt ihmej ttehmajet hemjen ittehmaj ihmij ttehmajen hmijen hemmjemt
Sources hmej
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982


text:
Le Rifain
Israil tbelleɛ ɛawed
Tebda ddewla n Israil ass-a ad tbeelleɛ zi jjdid, bac ad tegg afrag x ubirus n kuruna i yemfeccaren, awarn i umi mmernin yewdan i yelqef.
Abelleɛ-a yus-dd aked beddu n usegg°as n jjdid n wudayen, ad yekk tlata n simanat.
Benyamin Netanyahu yenna belli manaya a x-asen dd-yas yeqseḥ, maca ubliji, minzi mmernin 4000 n yinni ileqqef kuruna kul ass.
Briṭanya teggur ɣer-s
Seg uɣezdis-nnes ula d nettat, bḥal walu ula d lḥukuma n Briṭanya ad traḥ deg usurif-a n ubelleɛ.
Matthew Hancock, Lewzir n sseḥḥet n tmurt-a, yenna belli ad yegg min ma bac ad yeḥḍa sseḥḥet n yeglanziyen, di twarrit-nnes x useqsi n ma izemmer ad yili ca n ubelleɛ i twalat wiss tnayen di tmurt n Weglanzi.
Ɛlaḥsab min dd-yusin di BBC, aqa lḥukuma n Briṭanya ad tugur di ca n isuraf, awarn i umi mmernin yewdan i yelqef ubirus. Simana dd-yegguren, ad inin mamek ggin isurifen-a i ɣa ggen bac ad ggen afrag x lebbla-ya n kuruna.
Tala: BBC


text:
TAMURT TAQVAYLIT (SIWEL) — Timetti tekcem deg yir tizrugin. Gar ihdumen id tewwi tisertit n-udabu amhersan, d ccedda s wacu id yegla unfafad covid19 , akked utihi asertan wuɣur tecceḍ tamurt n leqbayel, imdanen ur d-uffin ara anta tablaṭ ɣef ara senden. Igli isudd zdat tmuɣli-nsen, imi tadɣert taqbaylit ta tjebed tayed tkeref.
Akka dɣa , ɣef lexsas n tawilat n temɛict yellan, ( lexsas uyefki nn zzit, leɣla n- uksum n uyaziḍ, n serdin akked lxeḍra…) yenerna farruq gar watmaten izerɛan facal deg ulawen n yeqbayliyen a beɛda widen mazal saramen ahat sswab ad yejbu akken ad yenǧer abrid ɣer yimal yifen ass-a. Ulac taɣawsa yeṭṭfen amkan-is. Tadukli wuɣur ɛennan yemdanen gar watmaten ( yecrek umenuɣ) yemyuɣalen d-icenga , tugi ad tannunet. Asekud asertan ara yezdin gar tadɣert taqbaylit , yugi ad yeflali. Annar asertan aqbayli yuɣal d lluḥ ɣef bḍan ibawen.Yal yiwen anwa igli wuɣur yettmuqul.
Icerrig-agi, ur yelli ara d –amaynut. Yal tikelt deg ara id iban wabrid i-izmren ad yawwi tamurt n leqbayel ɣer usagen n tilleli, ad illal iɣisi gar iɛagalen-is , ara inefden asenfaṛ-nni ɛabben nniqal. Aya neẓra-t yeḍra-d di 1963( tadyant n FFS) Anda werǧin yemǧazi Krim Belkacem netta d Ait Ahmed Lhusin. Ɣer tagara xesren dissin yid-sen. Aya diɣen yella-d lawan n umussu adelsan( MCB) imi yal tarbaɛt anta lǧiha wuɣur tamal, tama tettgala s tazdukla ( communisme) tayed s tasihrant( capitalism) , tarbaɛt nniḍen teṭṭef deg umenuɣ adelsan. Ɣef tagara yensa umusu adelsan war ma yenǧer abrid war tuɣalin ɣer yimal n teqbaylit. Ula di 89 ahdum-agi n beṭṭu gar-nneɣ ur yekkis. Icerrig yekran gar ukabar i yidles akked tugdut ( RCD) akked ukabar n tirni n iɣalen inemalyen( FFS) ccwami-s urɛad kkisen-t ɣer ṛṛida. Akka diɣen deg tadyanin n tafsut taberkant: d tiɛdawit -agi yellan gar sin ikabaren-nni, id yewwin taruzi n-umusu n lɛrac.
Lemer id ak-terbih ay ul , tili annect-a n tucdiwin d tamsirt ara aɣ yeldin allen ɣef anida i ten-tnuɣ nekkni s leqbayel. Xudi ɣef akka teddun wussan, nugi a nelmed. Mazal ɣer ass-a n wussan tadɣert taqbaylit tettgala kan s waheq nekk. Wamma acimi zdat usbak-agi yuɣen timetti, teguma ad tilli temlilit gar merra iɛgalen isertiyen id tefka tmurt n leqbayel akken ad awin askasi ɣef yimal n tmurt-nneɣ, ad mjazin ɣef yiwen yiswi ad ddun afus deg ufus akken ad dlun fell-as? Ayen nettwali ur yelli dayen yesefraḥen imi xas akka nuɣ-iten-t si yal tama, mazal nefraq, mazal s ddaw tit i nettmeyaxẓar amzun mačči d- atamaten. Yal wa sani yerra lewhi-s: yiwen yenwa yezmer ad yesdefru ( laiciser) iẓẓiriyen , wayeḍ yenwa yezmer a sen- yekkes ddel id yesɣli fell-asen udabu, wayed lhem-is amek ara yettwafren deg tafranin, wayed yenwa iman-is d Zoro yezmer ad iqazem imeneselman( islamistes)weḥdes …ma d liḥala n tmurt n leqbayl simmal treki: arraw-nneɣ simmal seqdacen taɛrabt deg abdil n teqbaylit, tinselmit temmeɣ ɣef tudrin, layas akked facal yekcem tiwaculin yettnaɣen ɣef telqimt ireglen yal-as.
Ɣef umnar n-umuli wis tlatin n tefsut n umusu n leɛrac , leɣmam n lḥir yugi ad yenefsusi deg ulawen. Tignewt simmal tettibrik. D-asḥisef!
[email protected]
SIWEL 221020 MAR 21


text:
Tira d nettat i d asnulfu amenzu muqqren i tga talsa deg asmi yebda wemdan yesseqdac allaɣ-is i wesnulfu ama d allalen neɣ d ttawilat ara yessisehlen tudert-is, diɣ ara yessegzin axemmem-is. Aṭas n cwami id-yeǧǧa wedles amawi deg tmeti-nneɣ, akken yenna uneɣṛim zik d awal kan i tella ass-agi tuɣal d tira, wa ad tt-id-yeǧǧ i wayeḍ. Ihi, nra ad naru s tutlay-nneɣ ayen akk i d-icudden ar lebni n yimal n wegdud d tmeti-nneɣ.
Tikti n usbeddi n tesɣunt tesɛatt-id tmara, imi tasekla taɣlenzarit taqbaylit, d tin ixuṣṣen nezzeh, aṭas i yefren d waṭas diɣ i sluɣen, ɣef waya i d-nesbed tasɣunt agi ad tili d ttawil ara d-yerren aman ara tregwa-nsent ad nefṛez timsal, ad nissizdeg tamuɣli i tsutwin id-yettnekkaren.
Ameɣnas, nebɣa-t d taɛwint n tmusni deg ara d-yagum yal aqbayli, ɣef wayeg ara yebnu axemmem yelhan d wallalen ɣef wayeg ara yesqerdec azekka.
Ulac kra n tesɣunt id-yennulfan nebla iswi, neɣ ur d-nerri ara ger txenfyac wid umi tga ad tteɣṛen, nekkni wid i nra ad ttesɛun d tarfiqt deg tazwara d ilmeẓyen, wid werɛad ur icekkel ara axemmem kra n ukabar neɣ n tedyulujit, d widak umi fessus wallaɣ akken ad gzun s tmuɣli tatrart tilufa n lqern deg nettidir, imi lakul a zzayri mačči deg win ara afen tagulla i wulmen i lebni n tegzi d uxemmem zeddigen.
Ihi wigi ad sen-tili tesɣunt agi d annar ɣef wayeg ara bnun imal yeǧǧuǧgen, win ur tezmir ad tesmundel yal tasertit neɣ yal tadyulujit. Maca diɣ, imɣuṛa n tesɣunt llan deg yal leɛmeṛ, ula d wid muqṛen ad sen-tili d tiɣeṛɣert zeddigen ara yesseɣtin yir tiktiwin i d-gemren deg tudert-nsen.
Ulac acu ifuḥen am ticki ara tessemziḍ neɣ ad tḥeqṛeḍ tegzi n yemɣura-inek, dayen ur nelli ama deg leqdic-nneɣ ama deg xemmem-nneɣ, ɣaf waya id-tedda tesɣunt ameɣnas yakan sin n iseggasen, xas nebla adellel maca tetwassen ger yelmeẓyen iqbayliyen, maca ayagi drus ! ɣef wannect-agi i nra ad nessemɣer leqdic, ad nessekki ugar n iqeddacen, akken ad taweḍ ar yeswi nettnadi.
Deg-s ad tafem, axemmem n yelmeẓyen n wass-a,ɣef temsal i cudden ar tmeti n tura, acu yilaqen ad ibeddel, acu n cckel ilaqen ad yekkes d wacu tiseddaṛin i d-yeqqimen ad tent-neṛkeḍ deg lebni n yimal n tmurt taqbaylit n talwit, n tegzi akked tmusni.


text:
1
Ah ! A lukan aț-țqeblem kra n timmuhbelt si lǧiha-w ! Lameɛna qeblet-eț kan !
2
Imi i kkun-ḥemmleɣ, țțasmeɣ fell-awen s tismin i d-yekkan s ɣuṛ Sidi Ṛebbi ; axaṭer xeḍbeɣ-kkun i yiwen n yesli kan : d Lmasiḥ ; iwakken a kkun-qeddmeɣ ɣuṛ-es am tlemẓit leɛmeṛ nezwiǧ leɛmeṛ.
3
Uggadeɣ a wen-sxeṛben ixemmimen nwen, aț-țettixṛem i neyya d ṣṣfa n wul-nwen di Lmasiḥ, aț-țedṛu yid-wen am ?ewwa i gexdeɛ wezrem s tḥila-ines.
4
Amek armi tḥessem i wid i wen-ibeccṛen Ɛisa nniḍen ur nelli d win akken i wen-nbecceṛ nukni ; amek tqeblem ṛṛuḥ iqedsen nniḍen ur nelli ara d win s wayes i tesṭerḥbem di tazwara neɣ lexbaṛ n lxiṛ nniḍen ixulfen win akken i wen-nbecceṛ ?
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Akken walaɣ, ṛṛusul-nni i tḥesbem d imeqqranen ur iyi-yifen deg wacemma.
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?as akken ur ssineɣ ara ad mmeslayeɣ, lameɛna ssneɣ Sidi Ṛebbi akken ilaq yerna nbeggen awen-t-id acḥal n tikkal di mkul lḥaǧa !
7Asmi i wen-beccṛeɣ lexbaṛ n lxiṛ n Lmasiḥ, eɛni ḍelmeɣ mi ssanzeɣ iman-iw iwakken a kkun ssaɛliɣ kunwi ?
8Ɛerraɣ tijmuyaɛ nniḍen imi i yi-d-țceggiɛen idrimen iwakken ad qedceɣ fell-awen.
9Asmi lliɣ ɣuṛ-wen, ɣas akken xuṣṣeɣ ur lliɣ ț-țaɛkumt ɣef yiwen, axaṭer atmaten i d-yusan si tmurt n Masidunya fkan-iyi-d ayen akk i ḥwaǧeɣ. Di yal lḥaǧa, ḥudreɣ iman-iw iwakken ur țțiliɣ ara ț-țaɛekkumt fell-awen, yerna mazal ad ḥadreɣ iman-iw.
10S tideț n Lmasiḥ yellan deg-i, a d-iniɣ : yiwen ur iyi-tekkes sebba agi n zzux i sɛiɣ di tmura n Akaya.
11Acuɣeṛ ? Eɛni ur teɛzizem ara fell-i ? Atan Sidi Ṛebbi yezṛa !
12Ayen akka xeddmeɣ, mazal a t-xedmeɣ iwakken ur sen-țaǧǧaɣ ara abrid i wid yebɣan ad zuxxen belli xeddmen am nukni.
13Imdanen-agi, d ṛṛusul n lekdeb, d ixeddaɛen, țțaran iman-nsen d imceggɛen n Lmasiḥ.
14Annect-a mačči d ayen issewhamen, imi ula d Cciṭan yezmer ad yerr iman-is d lmelk yețfeǧǧiǧen am tafat.
15Ihi daɣen, mačči d ayen yessewhamen ma yella iqeddacen-is țțaran iman-nsen d iqeddacen n webrid n lḥeqq ; lameɛna taggara-nsen aț-țili akken llan lecɣal nsen.
16A t-id-ɛiwdeɣ, ɣuṛ-wat a yi tḥesbem d amehbul ; neɣ qeblet-iyi am akken d amehbul iwakken ula d nekk ad zuxxeɣ cwiṭ.
17Ayen akka ara d-iniɣ, mačči s ɣuṛ Ṛebbi i d-yekka lameɛna a d-hedṛeɣ s timmuhbelt, yerna țekleɣ axaṭer sɛiɣ ayen s wayes ara zuxxeɣ.
18Imi aṭas i gețzuxxun s lɛeqliya n ddunit-agi, ula d nekk ad zuxxeɣ.
19Axaṭer tṣebṛem i yimehbal kunwi yesɛan leɛqel !
20?as akken ḥesben-kkun am aklan, ččan lḥeqq-nwen, ɛerran-kkun, bbehdlen-kkun, ḥeqṛen-kkun, meɛna tṣebṛem-asen.
21Ssetḥaɣ a t-id-iniɣ meɛna a t-id iniɣ : nukni ur nezmir ara a nexdem akka, meɛna s timmuhbelt zemreɣ a d-iniɣ : ma yella win yesɛan sebba s wayes ara izuxx, ula d nekk ad zuxxeɣ :
22d iɛebṛaniyen i llan ? Ula d nekk d aɛibṛani ; seg wat Isṛail i llan ? Ula d nekk n wat Isṛail ; ț-țarwa n Sidna Ibṛahim ? Ula d nekk si tarwa-s ;
23d iqeddacen n Lmasiḥ i llan ? ?ef wannect-agi daɣen a d hedṛeɣ am umdan yeffeɣ leɛqel : nekk ugareɣ-ten s waṭas, xedmeɣ akteṛ-nsen, kecmeɣ leḥbus acḥal n tikkal, țewwteɣ akteṛ-nsen, acḥal d abrid i wwḍeɣ ɣer lmut !
24Xemsa yiberdan i ččiɣ tiyita s ɣuṛ wudayen ; mkul tikkelt s ṛebɛin tiyita ɣiṛ yiwet ;
25tlata iberdan i yi-wten iṛumaniyen s ujelkaḍ ; yiwen webrid qṛib i yi-nɣan s weṛjam ; ɣeṛqeɣ tlata iberdan di lebḥeṛ, sɛeddaɣ yiwen wass d yiwen yiḍ deg waman.
26Mmugreɣ-ed acḥal n wuguren m'ara tsafaṛeɣ : isaffen iweɛṛen, imakaren deg iberdan, lxuf di temdinin, deg imukan yexlan, m'ara zegreɣ i lebḥuṛ ; lxuf ger wat n tmurt-iw akk-d wid ur numin ara s Ṛebbi, lxuf ger watmaten n lekdeb.
27Xedmeɣ yerna nneɛtabeɣ aṭas, acḥal d abrid țțuẓumeɣ, zgiɣ deg uɛawez, di laẓ akk-d fad, deg usemmiḍ akk-d ɛerru.
28Mbla ma nniɣ-ed ayen nniḍen : aḥebbeṛ yal ass ɣef tejmuyaɛ n watmaten,
29anwa i gfeclen di liman ur iyi-issefcel ara ? Anwa i geɣlin di ddnub ur tecɛil deg-i tmes ?
30Ma ilaq ad zuxxeɣ, ad zuxxeɣ s wayen i d-ițbegginen belli ur sɛiɣ ara tazmert.
31Sidi Ṛebbi yellan d baba-s n Ssid-nneɣ Ɛisa Lmasiḥ, yețțubarken i dayem, yeẓra belli ur skiddibeɣ ara !
32Di temdint n Dimecq, ameqqran n ineɣlafen n ugellid Ariṭas yesbedd taɛessast ɣef tewwurt n temdint iwakken a yi-ṭṭfen,
33lameɛna ṣubben iyi-d si ṭṭaq, zdaxel uḍellaɛ, lḥiḍ lḥiḍ ; s wakka i d-menɛeɣ seg ifassen-is.


text:
Tadayma (tawsit)
Tadayma (Assaɣ ussnan: Pyrrhula) d tawsit n yijqiwen yeṭṭafaren adu-twacult n tmsennenatin (Carduelinae) igan d amur seg tawacult n tbenferriwin. Tawsit-a tegber seg 7 n telmas.
Tilmas[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
S unect n usesmel amniran n weswir agraɣlan n yigḍaḍ:
- Tadayma tarast — (Pyrrhula nipalensis)
- Tadayma tamellat imuyag — (Pyrrhula leucogenis)
- Tadayma tačinit — (Pyrrhula aurantiaca)
- Tadayma tazeggaɣt uqerru — (Pyrrhula erythrocephala)
- Tadayma tazunɣidt uqerru — (Pyrrhula erythaca)
- Tadayma — (Pyrrhula pyrrhula)


text:
Tasenfriwin
Tasnefriwin (Assaɣ ussnan: Diptera) d asmil n ibureɣsen yeṭṭafaren adur n teswermin.
Tafesna ayi d tin igebren seg waṭas n telmas n ibureɣsen Ilan (isɛan) sin n wafriwen deg yidmaren-nsen ilemmasen d sin n wadfaren n tamneknit i d-izgan deg taggara n yidmaren.
Dɣa, tilin n tyuga n wafriwen d ayen i d-ittizellmen (i d-tittmeyyizen) ɣef yibureɣsen niden, yerna kra n telmas n tesnefriwin yuɣal wafriw ɣur-sent d asennaw aladɣa ɣer kra n telmas n n yizan iherrsen imecdalen (ixxamen) n yibureɣsen niden.
Tasnefriwin d tafesna meqqren s waṭas anda tegber seg wazal 240.000 n telmas n tadasin d tizit d yizan d telmas niden. Ɣas akken tasnefriwin d tid Ilan azal meqqren i wemdan d twennaṭ maca anagar azgen neɣ ddaw n wezgen Kan n telmas-is i d-yettwasenmlen sɣur n imusnawen ar tura (ayen yegdan 120.000 n telmas).
Tamuski tasemmilayt d tsnudrantẒreg
Amyaraw d gemmuẒreg
AsesmelẒreg
S umata, llant snat n tdu-tfesniwin yettwassnen deg tesnefriwin:
- Tiɣrecciwin — (Nematocera): ttwassnent seg tfekkiwin-nsen ɣezzifen d tmejjiwin-nsent tinafriwin. Tegber seg 77 n twaculin gar-asent 35 n twaculin negrent.
- Tigezlacciwin — (Brachycera): tga d adu-tfesna Ilan tifekkiwin tizamalin d tmejjiwin meẓẓiyen. Tegber seg 141 n twaculin gar-asent 8 negrent


text:
Tga Dzayr (s tɛrabt : الجزائر) yat tmazirt. ism nns unṣib iga t tagduda tamgdayt taɣrfant tadzariyt (s tɛrabt : الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية).
Tamaẓunt nns iga tt dzayr.
Ism nns ikka d taguri taɛrabt الجزائر, nna mi iga unamk tigzirin. ism ad iwint t id tigzirin llanin f uftas n tmazirt n dzayr.
Tamazirt n Dzayr tga tamazirt nna akk imqqurn ɣ timizar tigrakalin s tajumma nns, tga tamazirt tis-snat imqqurn ɣ tmizar n umnẓaw n Tafriqt, teṭṭaf tamazirt n Dzayr ɣ tsga n iffus ayda imqqurn n tnzruft ism nns Sehra.
Tbḍa tamazirt n Dzayr f 58 n twilayin, kraygat tawilayt teṭṭaf agraw aɣrfan f ixf nns lwali. Kraygat tawilayt tbḍa f asunen, kraygat asun ibḍa f tɣiwanin. Tikklt tamggarut ɣ tettwabḍa gis tamazirt n Dzayr tga ɣ useggas n 2019.
Tamendawt n Dzayr n useggas 1963
Tbḍa tamazirt f 48 n twilayin:


text:
Tanfust.
Tteslan i ucefcef… Tebda tɣerrabut n mika tettett luɛla-nnes. Tekker lɣuɣet; ca yettru, ca yesɣata, ca yeccat ayejdur…
Qeddur weḥd-s i yeṭṭfen ixf-nnes, ixezzar deg yewdan aqqa-ten akid-s dinni d ibeḥriyen, maca waxxa amenni, twedder-asen; ttetten lxux ujenna, ttettren rebbi a ten-dd-iɣat…
Tallest ittɛebbaẓ-dd x-as ujenn, tḥellu iɣuyyan d imeṭṭawen… Lebḥer, yesbiḥrar, ibezzeɛ ixf-nnes, ittraja wi deg-s ɣa yewḍan, a t-yessewc i tisi, ḥuma a t-idd-iɛuqq d rrimet temḥeḍ x tsuḍar n ca n weftis, mala ɛad iceṭṭ zeg-s ca zeg izeɛɛifen n iselman i yelluẓen.
Taɣerrabut n mika, tettraḥ tettaweḍ tisi, iwdan ttemɛurbujen, tteṭṭfen deg wayawya. yexzar Qeddur yeffus d ẓelmeḍ, yexzar awern-as, yexzar ɣer zzat… lebḥer d ijj, lebḥer d aberkan, ttrajan waman-nnes inewjiwen d imaynuten a deg-s xnunnsen, ḥuma ad ssufɣen buḥbel-nsen d leɛcur i leɣben i x-asen dd-yuzzlen zi tmurt n Arif. Leɣben i x-asen yeẓguṭṭyen, yefreg x-asen ibriden, yejja-sen illa tawwurt n lebḥer, tettawi ɣer tnayen n yebriden: tamettant, niɣ tamettant. Lebḥer, temsar-as am weɣyul-nni i iɣeṭṭlen iḥenjiren imeẓẓyanen, ɣir a x-as nyen, ad yeẓẓeɛweḍ.
Safi, bdant lmujat neṭṭwent ɣer daxxel, ḥuma ad sdurryent taɣerrabut s wi deg-s adu ibeḥrar n lebḥer aberkan. Bdan ssechaden s jjehd, sɣatan ɣer rebbi… Yizwar yijjen yenḍu, axmi i tenḍred tazeyyat deg waman. Ittbaḍac, ittbaḍac, ittberkikkid, alami i yerxu i yexf-nnes. Yeqqim d lmanett sennej i waman.
Taɣerrabut thekk°a, msebḍan x tlata n tẓemmujin, ṭṭfen deg wayawya… Yenna-sen yijjen d abeḥri: « ay ayetma, wenni i yessnen ad iwanṭar cwayt deg weftaḥ, ad yengez, a da nejj di mika-ya ɣir inni wer yessinen… ». Walu, wer yezɛim ḥedd ad yenḍu ɣer waman. Minzi ẓrin wenni ineḍwen ɣer umezwar, iwarda tudert-nnes i lebḥer.
Yenḍu ubeḥri-nni, amen yessechad, ḍefren-t ca n tlata idsen ɛawed, leḥmen am diha, bdan ssawalen-dd zeg waman, ttettren zeg wi yessnen ad yefteḥ bac ad yengez.
Qeddur ɛad yeɣmummey di tɣerrabut n Mika, Tiṭṭawin-nnes di Faṭna, tderreɛ i mmi-s d asegmi, ɛlayen tessidef-it di jjuf-nnes. Ilesq-as ucewwaf x wudem, iṭebṭeb x-as warruḍ. Netta, ileqqeḍ-dd awal-nnes zi lwesṭ n iɣuyyan i din, d weltax n lmujat di tɣerrabut n mika, nettat teqqar i mmi-s s wesḥissef: « A mmi-inu iɛizzen samḥ-ayi, ɣerreɣ-dd zag-k! ».
Bdan neggzen ijjen awarn i wenniḍen, tesseɣlay-iten tallest n lebḥer… wenni wer yehwin ɣer tisi, ittgg°aj, ittwedder…
Yeqqim illa Qeddur, d Faṭna, d usegmi sennej i Mika qeɛ teḥḥeyṭeṭ, tedwel am tekrict n uḥewli n lɛid! azgen-nnes yudef deg waman, ṭṭfen acbar deg yij uqatcu ɛad deg-s cwayt n nnefs. Asegmi yesɣuyyu, yemma-s tẓeyyer x-as, tessenhezza ixf-nnes, tettɛawad i wawal-nni: « a mmi-inu iɛizzen samḥ-ayi, ɣerreɣ-dd zzag-k! ».
Yexzar Qeddur, ittwala ij n tjerrat n nnefs ɣir tetthum weḥd-s sennej i waman. Ad yili bab-nnes yennestef, yewca i tisi, niɣ trewl-as, wer yezmir a tt-yeḍfer!
Yenna-s Qeddur: « Qim da, ɣer-m ad tnegzed deg waman! ». Teswiẓẓeḍ ɣer-s s yij ufus, afus nneɣni teksi zeg-s mmi-s, teṭṭef-it zi teɣruḍt, tenna-s: « Wer dag-i semmeḥ ca, ɛafa-k! ». Yexzar deg-s, yexzar deg ufus-nnes i das-yeɣwiwwsen x warruḍ, tesmun-it di tummest n ufus-nnes. Teften aked yexf-nnes, terxu-yas, tedwel tqebbeḍ x mmi-s…
Yengez… iruḥ ggur ittɛumma, bac ad yeḥret x tjerrat-nni, maca netta ifetteḥ ɣer-s, nettat tfetteḥ aɣir-in… aṭṭas i yekka d netta yeggur ɣer-s… Yesla i Faṭna tettlaɣa: « Aaaaay! ay argaz! waxxa dag-k, tsemḥed dag-i!… Dwel-dd, ɛafa-k! »…
Isiɣi ifetteḥ, wer yemniɛ tijerrat-nni n nnefs alami ihayet, alami yenzef… Yeqqim di lwesṭ-nnes, tadeynit-nnes tehwa deg waman, iḍaren-nnes qablen-dd udem-nnes… izeyyef aɣembub-nnes s ufus, yessuḍ aman d imellaḥen i ɣer-s ttuɣa deg uqemmum. ixezzar ammu d wammu, wer yeqqim ca ittwala taɣerrabut.
Yeksi s ulaɣi: « A tamɣart! aaaaay! tetteslid-ayi? »…
Yeften, yufa tijerrat n nnefs tessagg°aj-it x tɣerrabut. yeqleb ixf-nnes, yeẓẓel x tjerrat s uɛeddis, yeqqim ittɛan aman ɣer deffar ḥuma ad yessugur tijerrat ɣer mani i ttuɣa taɣerrabut. Ittlaɣa, Yesla ɣir i tɣuyya n usegmi… Yerni deg wahnaci, ɣer manis dd-tettekk tɣuyyit n usegmi, ittwala taɣerrabut teɣḍes merra, tamɣart tengez deg waman, tettemcumbuḍ ḥuma ad tejj mmi-s sennej x uqatcu n tɣerrabut i yeqqimen ɛad wer yeɣḍis…
Ixezzar dag-s ittlaɣa-tt, yeqqar-as: « ṭṭef ixf-nnem, ṭṭef asegmi, aqa iwḍeɣ-dd! » Maca wer din min twanṭer, alami yeqqim ɣir ucewwaf-nnes yefser sennej i waman… Ixecc ɣer-s Qeddur, ittwala-tt d tagzirt! iqerreb ɣer-s, ihezz-itt, maca ttuɣa yeɛdu lḥal. Yexzar ɣer usegmi, yufa-t ɛad x uqatcu-nni n tɣerrabut n mika, wer das-yeqqim walu a x-as dd-kken waman sennej.
Yahnaci ɣer-s, yeksi-t-idd, yudef di tjerrat n nnefs, yeksi asegmi jer ifassen-nnes, uca yeḍleq i yexf-nnes deg waman, yenna-s i lebḥer: « min ɣer-k egg-it! »
Yesseɣmey tiṭṭawin-nnes deg wudem n usegmi, yufa-t yeqḍeɛ lḥess, ixezzar jjihet n rrimet n yemma-s, axmi yessen illa truḥ s wemnus-nnes! axmi ittesla i yiman-nnes ittlaɣa-dd x-as, yeqqar-as: « a mmi-inu mindi tellid?, a mmi-inu ma teddred ma temmuted?… »
Tsiɣi tjerrat tetthum di lebḥer wer ittenḥeddin. Qeddur ɣer-s imseɛɛef. Yessawal akid-s, asegmi itteqdiddis arendad i tmeddit i dd-yesnufeslen tesmeḍ-nnes. Yeqqim ulaɣi n Faṭna yeṭṭenṭin deg umeẓẓuɣ n Qeddur! yuza ususem ɣer usegmi, uca ad yerẓ aseɣdi s yij uqeyyeḥ wer ɣer-s bu wemtil. Yiwi tɣuyyit d asɣun, tugi a das-teqḍa. Yuḥel Qeddur yessesqara deg-s, yuḥel ittegg-as tiqedduḥin, maca walu! Ha tesmeḍ, ha laẓ, ha iḍes wer yeṭṭis… yewta Qeddur ɣer jjib n tjilit-nnes, yekkes-dd ij uleqquz n weɣrum ttuɣa yesseḥnunneḍ-it di mika. yeskuṭṭuf-dd zeg-s tileqquzin, yessuffa-tent deg waman n lebḥer, ittegg-as i usegmi deg uqemmum. Yesqar zeg imeṭṭawen, yeqqim ɣir unixses, yesseɣlay-it aked tleqquzin n weɣrum… Wer din min yekka, uca iɣelleb x-as yiḍes.
Amenni i yeqqim itthum, tudert-nnes netta d usegmi tugel ɣer tjerrat n nnefs, mala tekker ad texsi, a kid-s yexsi ula d buḥbel-nnes. Ittfekker di yemma-s i yejja, ittfekker ɛawed di Faṭna i yecca lebḥer, d wesɣat i ttuɣa ɣer-s dd-tettegg umi i yengez ɣer tjerrat… min ɣa yegg? meɛlik wer yeggi amenni ili mmuten merra idsen! Yeqqim yessalay axarres-nnes, ittemcumbuḍ zeg-s di tyemmatin… Tayemmat-nnes, d tyemmat n usegmi i kid-s… Ar dd-ɣa-ifaq usegmi, a t-yesselha ɛawed s cwayt n tleqquzin n weɣrum uffent deg waman imellaḥen, ad yesseḥnunneḍ min yeqqimen di mika, a t-yerr ɣer jjib n tjilit, uca ad yejj bibiḥ ar x-as ɣa yekk yiḍes.
Netta ttuɣa ittagi ad yecc zeg weɣrum-nni, ittegg°ed a t-yeqḍa, wer ittif minzi ɣa yessuḍes asegmi. Mala iɣelleb x-as laẓ, ikessi-dd cwayt n waman imellaḥen di tummest, isess-iten, niɣ ittẓemma fus n wetrikku-nnes deg uqemmum, isekkef-dd min deg-s n waman n lebḥer. yeslehha zeg-sen ixf-nnes.
Aɣrum ɛlayen yeqḍa-yas, aḥdaq n tmeddit ittraḥ ittekcif, udem ujenna ittraḥ yeddakk°al d amerɣiɣɣed, zegga i t-ttuɣa d aberkan. Asegmi yedwel ɣer iɣuyyan. Yeqqim ittegg-as hellararu, ittɣennej-as izlan, ataɣ ad yeṭṭes. Ittesqara cwayt usegmi, yesḥessa ɣer yezlan, maca uca ili yedwel ɛawed ɣer imeṭṭawen.
Iɣuyyan-nnes wer ten-yessesɣid illa weɣrum, aɣrum ittraḥ iqeṭṭa. Ula d netta yuḥel, yelluẓ… Yekkes-dd aleqquz-nni n weɣrum i das-yeqqimen, yeqqas-zeg-s ij n twezwizt, yeqqar-as ij n yexf-nnes ɣir bbar-it deg uqemmum ad tehnid! Maca yeskuṭṭef-dd ɛawed cwayt, yessec asegmi, uca yerra-t ɣer jjib ɛawed.
Yebda ad ibeyyen lḥal. Tettraḥ tfawt n lefjer tnehhar tubberkent n tmeddit, ḥuma a dd-teẓẓuɣɣer ass s min yerbu d afaji. Yebda ittwala cwayt ttwaseɛ n lebḥer, d ifilan d izegg°aɣen n tfuyt bdan ffayen-dd zeg yij n jjihet zi jjwayeh n lebḥer…
Yebda ittban-as-dd manis ɣa yerr s uɣembub. Aɣrum yeqḍa-t usegmi, netta uḥlen-as ifassen, iḍaren-nnes ccin-ten waman. tessijj-dd tfuyt, ixezzar ammu d wammu wer das-ittbin walu! Netta wer yezmir ad iwanṭar kter. Yesteftef di jjib, yufa ɣer-s ij ufilu n tgemra, icedd akid-s asegmi, yeslesq-it aked yedmaren-nnes, uca yeẓẓel x weɛrur, yeḍleq i yexf-nnes di lwesṭ n tjerrat n nnefs.
Yekka x-as yiḍes, amen yekka x usegmi i das-yeṭṭsen x yedmaren. Wer yuki alami i dd-yerẓem tiṭṭawin-nnes di Spiṭar n Sidi Ssafi di Ɛin Timuccent! Yufa asegmi deg iɣallen n yij n teḍbibt, tetticc-as ad yecc di tzeyyat. Tesfirnen, tenna-s: « Ɛla slametkum, rtaḥ, dderri rah mezyan! »
Yesseqsa-tt: « Fin ana? » (mani lliɣ?)
Tenna-s: « Rak f arḍ llah! smit lweld? » (Aqqa-cek di tmurt n rebbi! Mamec das-qqaren i usegmi-ya? »
Yexzar deg-s, yexzar deg usegmi-nni… Yenna-as: « Idir, qqaren-as Idir »…
yura-tt: Ɛebdelwaḥed ḤENNU
Afra, ass n 7/9/2021. (3:00)
Ɣer ɛawed: Ṭuca d Buyilem (Tanfust)


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TAMURT – Fkiɣ tamuɣli-w ɣef ugraw agi, walaɣ qwant deg-s tira n taɛravt. Ur fhimeɣ ara amek ara tessemlileḍ « amcic akked uɣerda » deg yiwen n wemkan. Amer d lebɣi : agraw n waɛraben (arabophones) i taɛrabt, agraw n Iqvayliyen neɣ imaziɣen sumata i tmaziɣt. Nekk axaluḍ agi ulac deg-s ayen ara d-yawin ayen yelhan, maca ala ayen n diri. Tin akk i tent yugaren, anida Iqvayliyen, ar tura, mazal ad ten-ttkellixen waɛraven inselmen n Tmazɣa. Amek i d-iḍerru waynect-a ?
a) Ar waɛrav, mara yekki (adhere) deg ugraw aqbayli, netta akken ad ikellex tihdayin nneɣ.
b) Akken ad sekcem taɛravt nsen, ad tt-iseṭṭaɛ i yal aqvayli akken ar tagara ad uɣalen akk am netta. Maca ilaq ad twalim : « werǧin aɛrav n Tmazɣa ad yeqvel akken ad yelmed tutlayt nneɣ taqvaylit. Ad d-ikcem ar tlemmast n Iqvayliyen akken a ten-yessefsed, a ten iseḥced, akken ar tagara « ad nuɣal akk am netta ». U ɣef anect-a : « aqvayli i yettuɣalen d aɛrav mačči d aɛrav ara yuɣalen d aqvayli.
c) Ma yercel akked d teqvaylit, ḥsut d akken tarwa nni ara d-ilalen ad uɣalen d aɛraven. Taqvaylit nni yuɣ neɣ yercel, tutlayt-is ad tt-temmeslay kan d imawlan-is, yernu ma ulac-it, mačči zzat-s. Arraw nni netta d teqvaylit ad kerhen kra yellan d aqvayli, ula d yemmat-sen ad tuɣal ad tekreh « atmaten-is » iqbayliyen am nettat. Tadyant agi nwala-tt asmi mmaren akken tlata n imelyan n Iqvayliyen d Teqvaylyin ar tmanaɣt ass n 14 juin 2001.
d) Teḥsam, meqqar kra degwen, d akken kunwi lukan ad truḥem ɣer ugraw n waɛraven-inselmen izayriyen werǧin ad ken qeblen ad tepubliyim kra s teqvaylit neɣ s tmaziɣt. Ayagi d ayen yellan bɣut-tt neɣ agit-tt !
Aɛrav azayri ifren, yextar abrid-is mebla ma imuqel ma isuɛed aqvayli neɣ mdah. Netta yeṭṭef di tneddra-s si tallit n iseggasen n tlatin. Imiren ad d-snulfan tidyulujit iwumi sawalen : « taɛravt-tineslemt » n usekkak. Tidyulujit agi ig ẓẓan deg wallaɣ nsen armi i yugin kra yellan d amaziɣ. Ihi, ay atmaten Iqvayliyen d Teqvaylyin, akwit qvel ma aken ifat lḥal, maca tetteddum ad tnegrem akka ar tagara. Yal agraw n aqvayli iwwi-d fell-as ad akken ad iḍegger taɛravt. Llan kra
qqaren-ak belli ma nugi apubliyi n taɛravt aɣ-qqaren « kunwi d lirasist ». D ayagi i d-ufan ar ɣurwen akken a ken erẓen, aken-id kecmen ɣer tlemmast. Ma kecmen-d ar tlemmast n twaculin (d ayen ig ḍerrun tura) ad tuɣalem « am weḥvuv nni tekcem twekka » . Ihi akwi-t, akwimt s lɛajlan !
Hand Berkouk


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Amxumbel n tidi, zeg imxumbal itteggen aṭṭas n usedḥi i yiwdan i di yella tidi. Ula kter i yiwdan itteddren deg imukan i di yella leḥmu aṭṭas. Maca nzemmer ad dd-nessenqes zeg umxumbel-a mala neḍfar mayen qqaren imussnawen.
Senqes zi macca yeḥman d lkafiyin
Aṭṭas n yiwdan sessen ɣir lqehwa ass amen yekmel, niɣ ttetten ca n maccat di yellan leɛṭur iḥarren ameknaw libzar niɣ d lfelfel iqqsen, maca asit n « webMed » iqqar belli ixess iwdan i di yella tidi ad agg°jen x ddegg-a n macca minzi trenni di tidi. Asit n « men’s health » yeqqar ila iwdan ixess-asen ad ccen lxuḍret d macca mindi yella ẓẓenk d maccat ameknaw lluz d teɣyayr minzi senqqasent zi rriḥet taeeffant n tidi.
Yireḍ arruḍ asebḥan
Mala tyireḍ arruḍ yeḥsar ataf ttejjan leewin wer ittenhezzi ca mamec i das-ixess. Mayen ittejjan tiddeɣt ad tedded aṭṭas. Aṭṭas n imussnawen qqaren ixess iwdan ad yirḍen arruḍ d imiriwen tiri ttwaggen s « lkettan » ḥsen ead. Niɣ llan ca n markat n warruḍ ttekksen arriḥet n tidi, qqaren-asen i ddegg-a n warruḍ « Anti-Smell Clothes ». Eawed qa kulur n warruḍ la d netta ɣer-s lhimmet-nnes, iwdan ixess-asen ad yirḍen arruḍ ɣer yella kulur innurẓem, maḥend wer issidif ṭṭya n tfuct, maci ameknaw kulurat i yeqqnen am uberkan… i dd-issadafen ṭṭtya n tfukt.
Dewwec s waman isemmaḍen
Aṭṭas n yiwdan itteɛjib-asen ad dewwcen s waman yeḥman, maca qa manaya irenni di tidi. Minzi aman yeḥman reẓẓmen tixubay timezzyanin ɣer-neɣ di arrimet-nneɣ, uca tidi tettcercur. S uya, ḥsen bnadem ad idewwec s waman isemmaḍen itteqqnen ddegg-a n txubay timeẓẓyanin. Imussnawen qqaren ila ḥsen bnadem ad issireḍ s ijjen ssabun ittekksen lbaktirya, minzi mala txelleṭ lbaktirya aked tidi, manaya ittic-dd ijjen arriḥet d taeeffant
Leḥmu n wemkan mani tellid, ɣer-s lhimmet-nnes
Maci marra yiwdan ɣer-sen klima, maca tzemmared ad tegged ca n tmeslayin minzi i ɣa teḥḍid tirɣi n arrimet-nnek. D amezwaru qqen tiburjatin s arrwaq maḥend ad wer dd-ittidef ṭṭya n tfuct. Mala tettwalid ad tenhezzed aṭṭas, ḥsen ad tejjed manayenni x ssbeḥ niɣ ar ɣa iggur ad teɣli tfukt. Gg ca n ṭṭebsi n wedfel zzat i ca n farfira, minzi ad iɛawed ɣer ufewwej d usesmeḍ n wexxam.
Kkes x-ak tidi, s ca n tebridin hewnent
Timijja (Ssalmiya s Teɛrabt niɣ Selvia) d ijjen marka n rrbiɛ tzemmred ad tesnenned aked waman, niɣ ad zzag-s tegged zziyt. Timijja tetteawan aṭṭas ɣer tikkest n tidi. Ula d lxell la d netta ittekkes tidi. Su ijjen tnayen n tɣenjayen n lxell x tuffut. Ijjen tɣenjayt s lxell acemlal, wenniḍen s lxell n tteffaḥ.
Mala walu qae, raḥ ɣer weḍbib
Mala teḍfared marra tibridin-a uca walu, hiwa xenni ixess-ac ad traḥed ɣer weḍbib. Maca imussnawen qqaren aterras wer ittriḥ ɣer weḍbib ila mala teḥfa-as qae. Iḍbiben zemmren ad senqsen zi tidi, x webrid n ca n tseynaf n lbuṭuks, niɣ bnadem ad igg apparasyu ḥuma ad ikkes lɣudad n tidi.
Tala: DW


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Abstract:
Tazrawt-nneɣ i ilan azwel “tagerdelsant deg tmezgunt am win yettraǧun Rebbi n Ɛebdellah Muḥya”, tekki deg unnar n tsekla. Iswi-ines d tasleḍt n tgerdelsant s uskan n wayen I d-yugem Muḥya seg yidles aberrani. Deg-s newwi-d awal ɣef yisekkiren n tsuqqilt d wamek iten-yesseqdec Muḥya deg tsuqqilt-is, syin newwi-d awal ɣef tgerdelsant d wamek I d-tettbin deg tsuqqilt n Muḥya. Ilmend n waya nufa-d d akken Muḥya isseqdec isekkiren n tsuqqilt akken ma llan, ladɣa amsasa. Ma deg wayen yeran tagerdelsant nufa-d ticraḍ-is deg uḍris n tmezgunt am win yettraǧun Rebbi


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Gwatimala
Gwatimala (s tasblyunit: Guatemala) s ism unṣib Tagduda n Gwatimala (s tasblyunit: República de Guatemala) tga yat tamazirt ɣ tamirikt tanammast, ɣ iwtta nns tlla Miksik, d Biliz, d Kribi,d Handuras d Silfadur. Ilkm uṭṭun n imzdaɣn nns kra n 15.88 mlyun n ufgan. Tga Gwatimala yat tamazirt imqqurn s imzdaɣn ɣ umnẓaw n tmirikt tanammast.
Tumẓ Gwatimala azarug nns f Ṣblyun g usggas 1821, tllan d tmbṛaṭurt n Miksik. Dffir ma tuɣal tamazirt tamzarugt g unggaru , tnbḍ t trbaɛt n imnbaḍn isnarafn s twisi n tdrawt imunn n igumma . Tẓṛi Gwatimala g unggaru n tasut tis samraw imnɣi agnsan ysqimn 36 n usggas. Dffir imnɣi, tẓṛi Gwatimala kigan n istayn inamurn g unggaru nnsn g usggas 2007.


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Ar melmi ara zemment tlisa, ar melmi ara tebḍu tasa d way turew ? d wigi i d isteqsiyen, i yettezzin deg qerray n yeqbayliyen yettidiren deg yinig, mači kan ala iqbayliyen de teqbayliyen i yettwaṭfen deg tcerkett agi, maca ula d izayriyen ttidiren ula d nutni yir tagnitt agi send 17 meɣres 2020 ass deg tt-tegzem di rray tselwit n lezzayer ɣef uqerruy-is Tebbun, ad gezmen tilisa akked d umaḍal, azal n useggas agi i deg adabu yessexdem anfufed n covid-19 akken ad yemdel tiwwura zzat n yal wid iran ad kecmen ar tmurt.
Xas ulamma ma numen uṭṭunen unṣiben i d-ttmuddu tneɣlaft n tezmert tazayrit, anfufed agi n covid-19 d win yettenɣasen deg lǧehd d wenfufed, maɛna, liḥala tagraɣlant ladɣa anulfu n wayen umi qqaren » Yariant » deg lber n luṛupa d ayen ara yeǧǧen ad yebɛed ugar wass n tulya n tlisa.
Alɣu i wsuter n tulya n tlisa n lezzayer, d uheggi n tweffa n usenqed mgal adabu azayri.
D igiman n yeqbayliyen d izayriyen i yettemḥiḥiden tineggura yagi ama deg annar ladɣa zzat n kunsulat neɣ deg uẓeṭṭa azagzaw n iternet, i wakken ad ḥersen ɣef udabu azzayri ad yales tamuɣli-ines deg rray n wemdal n tlisa, ugar n 10 waguren aya. Imsineg azzayri ur yessekcam ara ar lezzayer d wagi i d lɣiḍ n igiman n yemdanen, zik imsineg ara ur yessufuɣ ara deg lezzayer ass-agi ula d asekcem ur yessekcam ara ula i wumit !
Acu i d tiririt n udabu azayri i wsuter agi n yeqbayliyen d izayriyen yettidiren deg tmura n medden ?
Adabu azayri d win umi tehwa teswiɛt deg nettidir, isekker tamurt i yal tiṭ yebɣan ad tessenqed liḥala tasertant ttidiren yegduden tezdel lezzayer, deg yimi n Farouk Chiali aneɣlaf n usiweḍ azayri, yenn-ad i yeɣmisen izayriyen deg temlilit-ines n 25 yennayer yezrin, akken iberdan n usiweḍ ama deg genni neɣ deg ilel tulya-nsen d ubelleɛ-nsen » d tamsalt yellan ger ifassen kan n tselwit tazayrit », akka yal yiwen yettarratt-id ɣef wayeḍ deg wurar n warrac.
Mas covid-19 deg tmurt tazayrit wagi Pr KHIATI d win yefkan azref i wdabu azayri deg sekker n tlisa imi ula d netta yugad « anekcum n talɣa coYid-19 tamaynut i d-yusan deg tmurt n legliz ».
Ass-agi amaḍal merra yebges akken ad yessenger anfufed agi n covid-19, idabuten akk n umaḍal, begsen akken ad sseḥbibren ɣef tezmert d tdamsa n tmura-nsen, ala tamurt n lezzayer d udabu-ines, i yesɛuzgen deg udem n yegduden yezdel, yeccelqef tagniit agi akken ad iṛeṣṣi u ad yessentu ugar tuccar-is deg dabu, i Tebbun d Xaled Nezzar d wid-nsen tilisa zkant llint ma d arraw n wegdud, rran timedlin fell-asen, ar melmi ?


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Deg wass n 28 cutenbir i dd-ɣa-asen, iggur ad dd-mmlen deg uɣawas n “iẓewran d wafriwen” (des racines et des ailes), ass n 28 cutebnir, mamec yegga wudem n uferɛun, aya xedment x-as ca n tmussnawin.
Mamec ttuɣa yegga uferɛun, aked 103 n iḥenjiren, d 200 n txeddamin d 11 n temɣarin, zzag-sent ula d Nifertiti ittwassnen? Manaya iggur ad iẓer tfawt s lxedmet tazdadt n ijjen tseḍma n tmussnawin i ɣa-yejjen amaḍal amen yekmel ad issen mamec yegga wudem n Ramsis II, 3300 n usegg°as awerni i lmewt-nnes.
Aya yus-dd deg yiger n wektay wis mitayen ɛam zeg wami i yewweḍ umussnaw Champollion ad yessen tira n tihiruglifiyin, s uya aɣawas n “iẓewran d wafriwen” ass n 28 cutenbir ɣer tseɛɛet n 21h10, x France 3, ad dag-s mmlen tafizyunumit n uferɛun wami ila ɣer-s 25 n usegg°as d wami iwweḍ 95 n usegg°as. Ca n ttsawar-nnsen yalleh mamec i ten-dd-fesren x France Info.
Taseḍma-ya n tmussnawin i di ttuɣa Caroline Wilkinson i yellan d tanṭrupulujit tazerfant di tesdawit n John Moores di Liverpool, d Sahar Saleem, i yellan d taplyuradyulugt di tesdawit n Lqahira, xedment x tmumit ittwaḥṣan deg usalay n tɣermiwin di Lqahira.
Umi tatiknulujit tugur ɣer zzat, iwwḍent “ad fekkent aqcac n Ramsis II maḥend ad as-ssirḍent acewwaf”, d aya i yenna ijjen usiweḍ x tbadut. Sahar Saleem, izwar-as texdem di ca n tɣuriwin-nnes x waṭṭas n tmumiyin-nniḍen am Séthi I d tutɛenxamun.
“Xminni nxezzer di ca n weqcac di twalat tamezwarut, nrezzu di beddu x ifruriyen i zi t-nezferraz” D aya i tenna Caroline Wlikinson deg udukumuntir, min xef texdem France info. Qbel ma ad terni ad tini: “Ameknaw n manaya, wenni n Ramsis II, ɣer-s ijjen wanẓar d miriw. Aqqa-t, jar waṭṭawen, yuɛla, iban mliḥ”. Awern-i ijjen lxedmet d tazdadt, tiweḍ ad tessen mani llant teksmuin n wudem n uferɛun. “Cḥal ma temten ca n teksumt, cḥal mma tejja izumal-nnes x tzeqqa n weqcac”. Aya i tenna Caroline Wilkinson. Tenna France Info, ila tamussnawt-a teswiza s ca n tetiknulujit i zi tiweḍ ad tessen tefras n wudem n Ramsis II. Tumlayin i tewca Sahar Saleem, x twiza n lexdayem n arradyuluji, jjint abrid maḥend a nessen kulur n yilem-nnes.


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Taruct
Tga Taruct zɣ tamsgza n imrmidn. Ar ittuẓla umudr ad s kigan n isnnan imsadn zun-d win insi (bumḥnd) macc win taruct ɣzzifn uggar d tfkka ns ttugr tin insi, ar tn tswwuri afadd a ttmzaɣ f ixf nns zɣ imudar yaḍni. Tamurt ns taẓuṛant tlla ɣ Timrikiyyin, Asya, Tafriqt, Urupa. Tga tiss kṛaḍt imqqurn ɣ wanaw n imrmidn dffir n ilf n waman d wanẓiḍ n waman. Ar tlkkm tiɣzi n taruct gr 64 d 91 cm, d tiɣzi n ucṭṭab ns gr 20 d 25 cm, d ar tlkkm tiɣzi n isnnan nns gr 60 d 70 cm , d taẓḍuyt ns gr 5,4 ar 15 kg. Aklu n taruct illa ɣ udmman (awras - aqhwi) d ublbac d usggan d idrus ma ɣ ayttgga umlil.
Taruct tga zɣ imudar infradn, ar tctta ifrawn n waddagn d tuga d iẓlan d immɣayn izgzawn zun-d akrus d ɣ tagrst ar tctta tifli. D tga zɣ imudar ittmussun ɣ yiḍ (ḍyyḍ) macc kra n tikkal ar ttmussu ula ɣ taylgi afadd attcubbu s tutca ns.[1]
Amawal[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Imrmidn : قوارض
- Ar ittuẓla : يتميز
- Anẓiḍ n waman : القندس
- Ablbac : رمادي
- Infradn : عاشب
- Iẓlan : أعصان
- Ttmzaɣ : تدافع
Tiɣbula[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Asuɣl zɣ Wikipidya taɛrabt
Amgrad ad iga amud, imẓẓiy ka sul. Aws i Wikipidya s usnfl nns, tssimɣurt t.


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Tumedt
Tumedt (assaɣ ussnan: Poaceae) d tawacult n yimɣan yeṭṭafaren tafesna n tumdin igan d tafesna n taynayyawin,[1] Tawacult n tumdin d yiwet seg twaculin n yimɣan yeǧuǧugen tegber seg wazal n 600 n tewsitin yeẓẓunin ɣef wazal n 10,000 n telmas gar n telmas-a llan imendiyen am temẓin, Aṛuz, irden, ukbal, Aẓekkun d yinelli akken daɣen i tegber seg waṭas n isaɣuren d yimɣan n walma am tafsut wegṭiṭ d wumel yigran.
Asedger[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tawacult-a n yimɣan tga d yiwet gar twaculin yenfufden s waṭas deg umadal yakk. Anda anda id tettemɣay deg yal adeg,[2] anagar Antraktika.[3]
Tidu-twaculin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tegber seg 7 n tdu twaculin:
- Aɣanim uṛumi — (Bambusoideae)
- Tigzemrawin — (Chloridoideae)
- Tumdiwin — (Pooideae)
Tiwsitin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Aṛuz — (Oryza).
- inelli — (Sorghum).
- Affar — (Elymus)
- Timẓin — (Hordeum).
- Tisallafin — (Bromus)
- Agezmir — (Cynodon).
- Tafsus yigḍad — (Panicum).
- Affar awraɣ — (Miscanthus).
Ẓeṛ daɣen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Imniren[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ tansa n taxonomicon tawacult n tumdin azemz n unekcum 3 yennayer 2013 Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Empty citation (help)


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Deg 1914, tamurt n Ṭurk tella mazal-itt d timiṭ n Uwanek aeetman. Maca aneggaru-a, deg tallit-a, yella yettkerrib, ur s-d-yegri d acu i s-yeqqimen. Ayen yakk i yesea yuɣal meḥsub d ulac, tisudutin-is dayen yeffeɣ-itent rruḥ. Yerna zeema yekcem ɣer Lgirra Tamenzut Tamaḍlant, ɣer tama n Lalman d Lutric. Tadukli-a ixelleṣ-itt ɣlayet deg 1918, asmi xesren. Maca deg Lgirra-nni, iban-d yiwen n jiniral uḥric, yessečč-asen tamrart i yiedawen-is, yefka-yas Rebbi ur s-iccuḥ deg tezmert n uselḥu n lecɣal, yerna ur igi am ujeḥniḍ uyaẓiḍ, mačči s wansi i d-ihubb kan waḍu syin. Wa isem-is Mesṭafa Kamal.
Ihi, Mesṭafa Kamal yella ur d-yelhi ara kan d lgirra. Yella yettxemmim aṭas ɣef yimal, dɣa yefhem s tɣawalt belli ala tagrawla lqayen ara yesseḥlun tamurt-is, tamurt iwumi gan isem “Amdan yuḍnen n Turuft”. Yeẓra daɣen belli tagrawla tasertant ur tessufuɣ ara alamma teddukel-as, tefka-as-d afus tegrawla tadelsant.
Sdeffir Lgirra Tamenzut Tamaḍlant, Mesṭafa Kamal yufa-d iman-is d aqerruy n tmacint. Imi yewweḍ ɣer udabu, yesbedd-d deg 1923 Tagduda taṭerkit, iɣef yella d aselway amenzu. Imir-nni ɣer-s 43 iseggasen. Ihi, yebda yettḥettim-d s yiɣil tagrawla i yella yettargu. Maca daɣen s tegzi d leḥdaqa. Deg 1924, yessuli-d Tamendawt i yerran tamurt n Ṭurk d Awanek alayik, ala nettat i yellan akka deg umaḍal ineslem. Ur yeqqim ara kan da, imi yesṭuqet s waṭas deg usetrer d usetrem, ula deg wamek ara yels umdan. Yefka azref n tefrant i tulawin deg 1935, mraw (10) iseggasen qbel Fransa, iḥettem-d daɣen agemmay alaṭini deg tira n tutlayt taṭurkit.
Asmi yemmut deg 1938, Mesṭafa Kamal yeǧǧa-d tamurt telḥa aṭas isurifen ɣer zdat, deg wakud d amecṭuh, ur wwiḍen ara 15 iseggasen. Yeẓra belli qqimen-d aṭas n tɣawsiwin ad tent-yexdem umdan, maca yesres lsisan iṣeḥḥan. Deg 1934, fkan-as s wudem unṣib isem n Atattürk “Ababat n Yiṭerkiyen”. Tameayt-is d yiwet seg tmucuha timeqqranin n tmiḍi tis-20.


text:
Tutlayt Tazwarit tatunsit
Tutlayin tiznatiyin n ugmuḍ (Blench, 2006) neɣ Tutlayin n Zwara d Tuns (Kossmann, 2013) gant yat trabbut n tntlayin tiznatiyin ittyusawaln ɣ Tuns d Libya.
Ɣ tannayt n Maṛtn Kusman, ar zzraynt tutlayin illan ɣ ugmuḍ akkʷ n tntlayin tiznatiyin s tmaziɣt tagmuḍant, maca naḥya-tnt bahra f taddjart-nnsnt Tanfusit.
Ɣ tsga yaḍn, yanni Kossmann mas d taẓṛmt tantalant n Zwuara d Tmaziɣt tatunsit kcmnt gis ula timzarayn ittusawaln ɣ wakal n tuns ("Sened" (tnɣuba), Jeṛbi, Maṭmaṭa d taṭṭawin), Jeṛba d Ẓuwaṛa, maccan Tanfusit uhu, acku tettussiḍn is tga tantala n Tmaziɣt tagmuḍant[1].
Dat Kusman, Ruḍjṛ Blinc (2006) issiḍn Taznatit tagmuḍant is tga taẓṛmt tantalant ɣ tlla "Sened" (Tnɣuba, tkcm gis Tmagurt), Tajṛbit, Maṭmaṭa (Tamazret, Zwara d Tawjjut) d Tanfusit[2].
Isugam[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- ↑ M. Kossmann, The Arabic Influence on Northern Berber, p.24 (Brill, 2013)
- ↑ AA list, Blench, ms, 2006


text:
Jastinyan Amzwaru
Jastinyan Amzwaru (s tlatinit: Flavyus Pitrus Sabbatyus lustinyanus Awgustus, s tgrikt: ΦλάBιoς Πέtpoς EaBBάtιoς Ἰouσtιvιavός) ( 482 – 14 novembre 565), ittyawssan dar umata s Jastinyan Axatar, ikka-t-inn iga Imbraṭur Aṛumi n Bizanṭa zɣ 527 ar tamttant nns.
Ittyawssan s mas d nttan ad isgaddan inigl anzzarfu igan s yism azrf n Jastinyan ɣ ammas n tsqqimt n Tribunyan, (expansion) aɛskri n tgldit ɣ uzmz nns d littihal d tamunt nns d Tyudra tagllidt. Ittyawssan daɣ s yism n "Imbraṭur Aṛumi Anggaru". Yurm Jastinyan ɣ wussan-nns ad issurri addur n tmbraṭuriyt taṛumit. Imasiḥiyn Irtuduksiyin n unẓul, ar t-ttggan d agʷrram.
Isggʷasn imzwura ɣ tnbbaḍt n Jastinyan (527-532)[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Lliɣ yumẓ Jastinyan tanbbaḍt, tambraṭuriyt ɣ akud ann, ur ta jju tfukka tassasin nns mqqurnin; tilli ɣ nn tḍr tigira n tasut tis smmust. Acku, ɣ yirn gguranin n tnbbaḍt n Jastinyan, usin daɣ Ifarisiyn acnyal n lgirra mgal tambraṭuriyt, yuɣul s ɣmkad amur imqqurn ɣ tsrdast tabizanṭit ur isala yat abla icabukn ann n unẓul (iffus), ima ɣ ugns n tgldit, trwi tizi ɣ ammas n Qusṭanṭiniya
Izdayn yaḍnin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- The Anekdota ("Secret history") of Procopius in English translation.
- The Buildings of Procopius in English translation.
- The Roman Law Library by Professor Yves Lassard and Alexandr Koptev
- Lecture series covering 12 Byzantine Rulers, including Justinian - zɣ dar Lars Brownworth
Amgrad ad iga amud, imẓẓiy ka sul. Aws i Wikipidya s usnfl nns, tssimɣurt t.


text:
Tasnamunt
Tasnamunt nɣ Tasnametti nɣ Tasenmettit ( s Tasrɣint : علم الاجتماع) (s(e)n + amun, s tmerniwt n tmatart tawetmant t(...)t) neɣ tasosiologt tga-tt tezrawt n wamun d manik s ar ttmussun medden ɣ ugens n tegrawin. Wida ittsalan tasosiologit isem-asen imesnamunn.
Tuckad Taguri n Tasnamunt nɣ Tasnametti seg taguri n Amun nɣ Timetti (s Taɛrabt : مجتمع, s Tafransist : Société) .
imyaggaten inamunn
Nufa ad nebḍu tasosiologt f sin iswalaten igejdann.
Ar issisin urezzu anamun imsertiten,
Amezruy[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tazrawt n ayelli mi nettini amunn tezwar-d s menck asnulfu n tguri-ad n "tasosiologt".


text:
Montreal
Montreal (isem unṣib s tefrensist Montréal, s Teglizt Montreal) d tamdint tameqqrant ugar n timdinin tiyaḍ n temnaṭ n Kebek (Kanada), tamdint tis snat n umaḍal afrensisawal, d tamdint tis snat deg imezdaɣ d texxutert n tmurt n Kanada deffir Toronto. Taɣzut aɣreman n Montreal tela (tesɛa) ass-a ugarn 3,6 imelyan n imezdaɣ. Tezga-d deg tegizrt n Montreal ar ugersif n wasif n Saint-Laurent d wasif n Wuṭṭawen (Rivière des Outaouais), di 246 km ar unẓul-ugmuḍ si temdint n Kebek, tamaneɣt n temnaṭ n Kebek, ar 202 km seg Uṭṭawa, tamaneɣt n tmurt n Kanada.


text:
Aggur:Tamtti
Tamtti nɣ Tametti nɣ Tasusyulujit (Asgzawal n SGSM) tga yat tɣmrt ismun kraygat anɣmis nɣ amagrad izdin d ussutr, d uskkir nɣ amussu n tamtti taɣarimt illan f idls amaziɣ zun d (timsmunin, ismaln, iswnitn, inqisn n twuriwin, imskann…)
Timassanin tinamunin (s Taserɣint :علوم اجتماعية ,s Tafransist : Sciences sociales),
Tasnaẓɣuṛt (Aẓur n yism) :
Taguri ad tuckad seg Amun, nssufɣd sgis taguri Anamun (s tafransist : social) nɣ Tanamunt ( s tfransist : sociale), ilma nssufɣd sgis taguri ad g usget tinamunin.
Amawal :
- Amun : société
- Anamun : social
- Tanamunt : sociale
- inamun : socials
- Tinamunin : sociales
- Timassanin : sciences
Tamtti tla tugt n wassaɣn :
- Tamtti
- Tasnamunt
- Tasuṣyulujit
- Tasnametti
- Tasenmettit
Assaɣn ad uckand sg snat tguriwin, Tamttit d Amun (s Tasrɣint : مجتمع)
Tamtti nɣ Tasusyulujit dars snat tinmal timqqranin :
- Tinml tafransist : sg inmɣuṛn ns Imil Durkaym
- Tinml talimant : sg inmɣurn ns Maks Viybr
Ibn Xaldun (ism nns iɣzifn s taɛṛabt : أبو زيد عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن خلدون الحضرمي; Abu Zayd Ɛabdrahman ibn Muhammd ibn Xaldun al-Hadrami ) iga yan bumzruy d argaz n tusna n tmtti, d afiluzuf. Iga amkras n mnnaw n yiẓliyn: Tamzrugrafit, d tasnmttit, d tadamsa, d tadimuɣrafit. Izuyd ɣ Tuns ass n 27 mayu n usggʷas 1332 ɣ yat tawja tandalusit imqqurn labas darsn illan ɣ tmazirt n Lyaman, immut ass n 17 mars n useggʷas 1406 ɣ Lqahiṛa ɣ Miṣṛa.
Adlis nns lli bahra ittussan iga t Almuqaddima (Tazwurt), yura t ɣ ṣḍiṣ iyyurn. Imrsi nns iga t amzruy asnmtti-ajuɣrafi-adamsan n umaḍal.
- Tram ad tdrum? Ɣṛat ilugann d taratin, tḍfṛm aylli illan ɣ tasniwin n Tiwizi. Ur d iqqan uzmmem mac ittuwṣṣa sis
- Awsat ɣ tirra n imgradn n Wikipidya s tutlayt Taclḥit af ad yimɣur uggar.
- Iɣ tsɣawsat s tiwisi ɣ tirra n imnnitn, tẓḍaṛt ad nn taggʷt ɣ Tasna n Tiwisi.


text:
Tutlayin titergiyin
Tutlayin titergiyin (s tmaceɣt: ⵜⴰⵓⴰⵏⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵛⵈ neɣ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵌⵈ) d afurk seg tegrawt n tutlayin timaziɣin s wacu ttmeslayen Imuhaɣ deg Uneẓruf Ameqran, dɣa d tutlayin-a kan i mazal ggẓent (ḥerzent) talɣa n tira n ugemmay Tifinaɣ-Aliban yettusemman daɣen tifinaɣ tamzikt.
Llant kuẓ n tutlayin titergiyin (Tayirt, Tamaceɣt, Tamahaɣt, Tawellemt) ttmeslayen yisen-tt ugar n 5 n imelyan n itergiyen di tmura n Nijer, Libya, Lezzayer, Mali yakk d Burkina Faso. Akken i llant kra n tɣerfin n itergiyen yettidiren di Ččad d Tunes d Nijirya d Sudan.
AddadẒreg
Tatergit tettemgerrad deg tama ɣer tayeḍ. Tatergit n Uhaggaṛ (tin umi ɣɣaren tahaggaṛt neɣ tamaheɣt), ssawalen-tt deg wenẓul n Lezzayer. Tamaceq ssawalen-tt deg Mali g Uẓawad, ma d tamajeq/tayirt ssawalen-tt deg Nnijer. Tutlayt-a mazal tettwaru ar ass-a s ugemmay n tfinaɣ, maca, deg Nnijer ed Mali, llan wid ay tt-yettarun s ugemmay alatini. Tamaceɣt ssawalen-tt daɣen deg Libya akekd Burkina Faso, am wakken ay llan cwiṭ n Yimuhaɣ deg Nijirya d Ččad.
TiwelhiwinẒreg
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tuareg". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.


text:
Sliɣ yemmut umeddakkel-iw Abdella Ḥaman…
Yeǧǧa-yaɣ yiwen seg imeɣnasen imezwura n tmaziɣt, yiwen seg imaruten imezwura s tmaziɣt. D aḥeddad n wawal : yezmer ad yemmeslay ɣef kra n tɣawsa s teqbaylit tacebḥant, ur tettḥulfuḍ i wakud izerrin. D agerruj ameqqran i ɣ-yettwaksen, tamusni-ines lqayet ama deg wesɣan neɣ deg umezruy neɣ aṭas n tɣawsiwin nniḍen.
Acḥal iseggasen i neddukkel di Wihran, acḥal iseggasen i nedda i wakken tamaziɣt ad tennerni ladɣa ad tesɛu amkan-is di Wihran. Ma nmuqel ɣer deffir, ladɣa si tefsut imaziɣen n 1980, aṭas n twuri i ssulin imeɣnasen di Wihran, tawuri ibedden ɣef snat n tdukkliwin Asirem d Numidya : ma yella zik teffren imeɣnasen, d imdanen am Abdella Ḥaman i d-yessufɣen tamaziɣt ɣer tafat. Yettekka di yal taluft yeɛnan tamaziɣt di Wihran : tasekla, tidddukliwin, tasertit, aselmed, …
Abdella Ḥaman d tigejdit ɣef yemɣi, yennerna ayen akk yeqqnen ɣer tmaziɣt di Wihran.
Ẓriɣ abrid-nneɣ ad yeqqim akken yella : a dda Abdella, ɣas ulac-ik telliḍ, ad tiliḍ.
Kamal Uzerrad
Taqbaylit ass-a…
Llan wid/tid yettmeslayen, yettarun s tezwawt/s teqbaylit.
Llan wid/tid yettmeslayen/yettarun kan fell-as s tutlayin-nniḍen.
sɣur Akli Kebaili d Kamal Uzerrad
Awal yewweḍ ɣer yal tama n tmurt. Ass n 07.02.2016 Tutlayt Tamaziɣt tuɣal d tutlay tunṣibt di tmenḍawt n tmurt tadzayrit. Wa yenna igerrez wannect-a mačči d kra, «tout va bien» tura. Wa yenna «annect-a d azerreg kan».
Tamenḍawt
M’ara nɣer tamenḍawt tikkelt tamezwarut, ad as-nini yella kra yelhan imi deg umagrad wis 4, tamaziɣt tuɣal d tunṣibt yerna ad ibedd yiwen wexxam n tutlayt i tmaziɣt. Ameslay ɣef tmenḍawt tamaynut n Dzayer yezmer ad yiɣzif, maca atenta kra n tneqqiḍin ara ɣ-yekksen ahat asirem :
- Azal n tmaziɣt yeqqim ddaw win n taɛrabt
- Tamaziɣt d tunṣibt maca ur d-ssufɣen ara tamenḍawt s tmaziɣt deg ujernan unṣib : tella kan s taɛrabt, s tefransist (ɣas ma tutlayt-a ur tettwabdar ara akk di lqanun).
- Tamaziɣt ur telli d aferdis yezgan di tmenḍawt (amagrad 178). Azekka ma ira udabu, fessuset tukksa-ines.
- Di tilawt, d taɛrabt iwimi terna tmenḍawt tazmert mačči d tamaziɣt i tesbedd : ẓret amagrad wis 3…
- Awal aneggaru maca s wazal-is : tamenḍawt teqqar segmi d-tekker yemma-s n ddunnit, tamurt n Dzayer d taɛrabt d tineslemt : ihi Imaziɣen ɣlin-d seg igenni ?! Ahat d iberraniyen wissen ansi d-usan… Yessen udabu adzayri amek ara yessezleg amezruy, maca imdanen ẓran akk tura d tikerkas timzennqin.
Adabu adzayri, ma yella d tidet ira tamaziɣt ad tili d tutlayt tunṣibt n tmurt, ihi ad yefk i tmaziɣt daɣen akk ayen yefka i taɛrab seg useggas n 1962 ar assa. Ma d tidet ira tamaziɣt, yessefk ad tili s tmara deg uselmed amezwaru d uselmed asinan ; yessefk ad yekmasi ass-a yakan tira-ines di tɣiwanin, ad yefk udem amaziɣ i tmurt tadzayrit deg kra yellan d aḥric n tsertit n tmurt. Ihi ma d tidet ira tamaziɣt, ad yerr tamurt n Dzayer d tamurt tafidiralit, anida zedɣen Imaziɣen ad tili tutlayt n twuri n unabaḍ-nsen d tamaziɣt, aẓiyen iran tadsimant meqqren neɣ azarug ad fernen tilelli-nsen. Deg wawal-a dɣa, yella yiwen usteqsi : dacu i d tamaziɣt-a ara yuɣalen / yellan d tunṣibt, dacu d anamek n wawal-a ɣer udabu, imi deg umagrad wis 4, tamenḍawt teqqar tantaliwin timaziɣin n Dzayer akk a tent-yessali, ad yefk allalen akken ad nnernint…
Tixsi i tt-yenɣan d idammen-is
Ayen i d-nenna s ufella yeɛna amur n tsertit, maca yella daɣen amur n wemdan. Aṭas deg-neɣ ttsuɣun kan ɣef tmaziɣt/tezwawt/teqbaylit qqaren tutlayt-nneɣ tettwaḥqer. Ma d nutni s yiman-nsen, ur as-ttaken ara azal, ur ɛerḍen ara a tt-ɣren. Aṭas daɣen n yad i yessnen tira-s ur tt-ttarun ara. Llan Yezwawen, llant Tezwawin yettwassnen, uzzlen ɣef izerfan-nneɣ, uzzlen ɣef tutlayt-nneɣ. Ma d tura ttmeslayen ɣef tmaziɣt mačči s tmaziɣt, ttarun ɣef tmaziɣt mačči s tmaziɣt. Nutni/Nutenti qqaren(t) adabu yesmussus s tutlayt-nneɣ, yesmussus fell-aneɣ. Am wakken ur ẓrin ara d nutni i d imezwura i yessengaren tutlayt-nsen tayemmat, acku ur tt-ttarun ara, ur tt-sseqdacen ara. Akken i s-qqaren imezwura-nneɣ: “Yenna-yas a baba wten-aɣ, yenna-yas a mmi ɛeqlen-aɣ”.
Ihi Izwawen ur nettakk ara azal i tutlay-nsen tayemmat, yezmer ad yini yiwen atan fkan tiṭ i udabu i wakken ad yettmesxir s tutlayt-nneɣ deg webrid ara tt-yawin ɣer usenger. Yak imezwura-nneɣ nnan «tixsi i tt-yenɣan d idammen-is».
Win iran tutlay-is ur tnegger ara, yessefk a tt-yettmeslay, yessefk a tt-yettaru!
Ihi yessefk a d-naki nekni merra s yezwawen i wakken a nettmeslay anida nedda s tutlayt-nneɣ, a tt-naru, a nexdem yes-s. S wannect-a abadu ur izemmer ara a ɣ-ikellex.
Ur telli tatut…
Ur yessefk ara ad nettu ayen yeḍran di tmurt akkd tiberxidas udabu yezgan seg 1962. Akka kan i nezmer ad nɣer tamenḍawt neɣ ad nefhem ayen akk i d-yeqqar neɣ i d-yessufuɣ udabu: s uḥezzeb ameqqran. A d-nebder kan yiwen seg ineḍruyen ineggura ilan azal meqqren, tafsut taberkant. Amek nezmer ad namen yiwen udabu yenɣan ugar n mya n medden, yiwen udabu yeǧǧan imawlan war taɣdemt, imi wid yenɣan d wid yefkan tisunḍiwin ur ttwaḥuzen ur ten-id- yewwi umeddaḥ di teqṣit. Am wakken d izan i nɣan…
Ayen yessefken akken tutlayt-nneɣ ad tuɣal d tutlayt n twuri
Win iran tamaziɣt-tazwawt yessefk a tt-yettmeslay, a tt-yettaru, a tt-yerr d tutlayt n twuri. Nekni s Yezwawen yessefk ad nẓer merra d nekni kan i yebɣan tutlayt-nneɣ, s nekni kan i tezmer ad tedder. S tutlayt-nneɣ kan i nezmer ad nessali tamurt-nneɣ d asawen, s tutlayt-nneɣ kan di tmurt-nneɣ i nezmer ad nseggem tudert-nneɣ. Ihi tutlayt-nneɣ yessefk ad tili gar ifassen-nneɣ! Ayen akk nniḍen d azerreg kan! Nekni di tmurt-nneɣ TamazɣaTalemmast (Tamurt n Yeqbayliyn/Yezwawen) ad nexdem s tutlayt-nneɣ Tazwawt-Tamaziɣt. S uwanek akk d unabaḍ n Yezwawen kan i yezmer ad yili wannect-a!
Asmekti n tefsut n 80 akk d tin n 2001/2002
Yal aseggas deg wass n 20 ibrir, tetteffeɣ tarwa n tmurt-nneɣ ɣer webrid ad temmekti ayen yeḍran aseggas n 1980 (tafsut Imaziɣen) akk d iseggasen n 2001: 2002 (tafsut taberkant). Aseggas-a 2016 d luluf i d-yeffɣen ɣer iberdan n Tizi Wezzu, Bgayet, Tubiret. Ladɣa di tikli i d-yessudes umussu i teẓlimant n tmurt taqbaylit (MAK).
Tamezwarut, yezmer ad yini yiwen annect-a d ayen yelhan, maca yesskanay-d daɣen Izwawen mazal ur msefhamen ara ɣef wayen i yessefk ad msefhamen. Tis snat, tuffɣa ɣer iberdan telha, maca yessefk ad yili ugar n waya. Yessefk ad tettwaheggi yiwet n tikli anida ara ddun merra yad yettazzalen ɣef izerfan-nsen. Tutlayt taqbaylit d tamezwarut ara ssutren maca ad ilint daɣen tiɣawsiwin yeɛnan tasertit d tilufa yakk n tudert. Yessefk daɣen ad yili ahil aserti ibedden,ilan iẓuran, i tmurt taqbaylit ara yesduklen imdanen ɣef wayen yellan d adiran, ayen yellan d llsas. Ma nufa amek ara neddukel di tlufa i yessefk a neddukkel fell-asent, d win i d tidet. Ulac aɣref yeddukklen deg kra n yal taluft n tsertit neɣ n tmeddurt. Di yal tamurt llan ikabaren isertiyen, wa yettnaɣ d wa. D acu kan imezdaɣ n tmura-ya sbedden tilisa yettseggimen imenɣi-nsen, i wakken ur sseɣlayen ara tigejda i ɣef bedden nutni merra.
Ɣef wacu i yessefk ad neddukel?
Iɣeblan-nneɣ mačči d yiwen. Ihi yessefk ad nɣiwel a d-naf tifrat-nsen. Yessefk kan ad nẓer d acu i ɣ-yettcekkilen tikli tura yakan deg webrid ɣef tlelli-nneɣ. Yessefk daɣen ad nelmed amek ara t-nekkes.
Tamezwarut yessefk ad nemsefham nekni s Yezwawen d aɣref i nella. Tin ɣer-s ɣur-neɣ tutlayt yessefk ad tili d tutlayt n twuri di tmurt-nneɣ. Yerna, ɣur-neɣ tugdut, nettqadar izerfan n wemdan, nettqadar tilelli n umugru (conscience), mačči kan n wesɣan/ddin. Abrid n leqdic ɣef izerfan-nneɣ ad yeqqim d abrid n talwit. Da yessefk-aɣ tadukli. Ihi ma nefra annect-a, nekkes nnif n twaɣit, iberdan n tsertit zemren ad ilin mačči yiwen.
Awal aneggaru
Nessaram ad ggten wid/tid yeẓran ula d tutlayt-nneɣ tezmer i tmusni, tezmer i tsertit, tezmer i yal aḥric n tmeddurt. Nessaram wid iɣilen ma mmeslayen neɣ uran s tutlayin-nniḍen am wakken wwḍen ɣer igenni, ad akin, ad tteklen ɣef tutlayt-nsen tayemmat i wakken ad ddren d ilelliyen, ad ddren s wudmawen-nsen n tidet mačči s weqric.
Maca ur nri ara a d-nini nekni s Yezwawen ur nettmeslay, ur nettaru s tutlayin-nniḍen anida i yessefk ad yili wannect-a.
Azul !
Azul ! Wa d adeg i tmaziɣt d wayen i tt-yeɛnan.


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Abu Lḥasan
Abu Lḥasan d taɣiwant n Cclef, zedɣen-tt 20.164 n yimezdaɣen. Deg tallit n tuṭṭfa tafrensist, llan ɣɣaren-as Cavaignac.
Aẓar n wawal[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Asmi ay tuwey Ldzayer azarug, semman-as Abu Lḥasan, akken ad rren tajmilt i yiwen n wemjahed ɣɣaren-as Abu Lḥasan (isem-nnes n tidet d Ɛebdelqader Lbaqi, ilul deg tama n Remci, deg Tlemsan).
Amezruy[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg 11 Nwember 1992, taɣiwant n Abu Lḥasan iḥuza-tt uḥemmal d ameqran. Taɣiwant-a tenḍerr mliḥ deg tallit n ccwal ay inekren deg tmurt n Ldzayer gar 1992 ed 2002, maca seg 1999 ar ass-a, yebda tebda tetteqqal-d talwit ɣer tɣiwant-a cwiṭ, cwiṭ.


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Tisnawyin, iɣerbazen ilemmasen akked iɣerbazen imezwura ttwakerfen ass-a n tlata 4 deg wayyur n furar. Iselmaden yekkan ɣer sandika CNAPEST rran-d i teɣri n weḥbas ɣef lxedma. Sandika-ayi tsuter deg tneɣlaft n usegmi fru n iɣeblan ideg ttidiren iselmaden yemgaraden.
c.w.
Bgayet: Iɣerbazen ttwakerfen
Tisnawyin, iɣerbazen ilemmasen akked iɣerbazen imezwura ttwakerfen ass-a n tlata 4 deg wayyur n furar. Iselmaden yekkan ɣer sandika CNAPEST rran-d i teɣri n weḥbas ɣef lxedma. Sandika-ayi tsuter deg tneɣlaft n usegmi fru n iɣeblan ideg ttidiren iselmaden yemgaraden.


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Ijjen useqsi d ameẓẓyan immers-dd di grup n « a nessen Tarifit » i yesmunan iwdan i tecqa tutlayt n Arrif. Aseqsi-ya dag-s « ma ad traḥed ad tvuṭid ? ». Mmersen tlata n yestayen deg umezwaru : « wah, lla, wer ssineɣ ». Ijjen zeg inni icerken yerni astay n « ssuq yexwa ».
167 n wegmam i icercen di sunḍaj ameẓẓyan. 117 zzag-sen nnan ila wer xsen bu ad cerken deg istayen. 14 xsen ad vuṭan d 9 waha i wer yessinen ɛad. Maca 27 ig yennan ila qa lintixabat d « ssuq yexwa » neccin nḥesb-iten aked yenni innan « lla », suya s kulci tteggen 144 ig innan « lla » zi 167.
Icten zi tenni icerken tura « Wer ttimneɣ ca di lintixabat-a nssen i wer ittbeddil walu. D aḍeyyee n lweqt d ttmenyat waha leqser i yḥekmen di tmurt-nni wer ixes ca abeddel. Uca neccin mala nerzu ad nbeddel dini ijj lḥajet waha huwa barra carie aɣuyyi ». Ijjen ixes ad ivuṭa yura-dd:« A nixḍar wenni di illa cwayt n tfawt, A nekkes krucc leḥram aqdim ».
Ijjen nniḍen yura « Sejjleɣ, maca muḥal minzi aqqa-yi di Ṭanja, tteswit di Nnaḍur ».
Amec nessen wer iqqim walu ad yemsar usewwet ass n 08 zi Cutenber, zzag-s ɣa tettwagg ijjen lḥukuma d jjdid di Lmuɣrib.


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Akavar n Stephen Harper, le parti conservateur, iṭṭef adavu mraw iseggassen ayagi. Ivda-tt d aḍersan maca deg udavu yagi aneggaru yuYal iḥkem d agtayan. Anagraw asertan n Kanada d win n tmurt n Llegliz. D anagraw awamni. Akavar illan deg udavu ittass-ed ar umni ad iqavel imazaten n tenmegla Yef tsertit d tmasitin ines. Simmal adavu illa Yur-es laman n tugett n imazanen ad iqqim Yef uqerruy n uwanek. Myal aseggass mi ara d-yaweḍ lawan n umarud ittili-d lvuṭ n laman. Ilaq adavu ad irveḥ tugett n imazanen deg umni mawel ad iYli, ad iṭṭixer. Ad iruḥ uneYlaf amenzu ar uxxam n unevvaḍ amatu, win d-ivedden Yef yisem n tgelliḍt Elizabet tis snat, akken ad ivru i umni, syin d tafranin srid. Send lvuṭ Yef umarud ikavaren ak stigayen neY ttnigusyin Yef ukavar illan d adavu akken ad ḥellin kra neY ad sâeddin tiktiwin nsen ma illa ivYa ad ddun yids di lvuṭ. Akka issawaḍen, s udewenni, teddun ar zdat.
Kanada d tamurt illan ddaw tgelduda tabritanit. D tageliḍt Elizabet tis snat i d aqerruy n uwanek. Ikanadyaten, akka am nek, d isujiten, d isentilen ines. Xas tura anecta ak d amazal maca mazal-d ansayen ar assa anida awal d tmuYli n tgelliḍt d unevvaḍ amatu ittmeslayen Yef yisem is ittnaḥsav. Dacu kan anevvaḍ amatu d aneYlaf amenzu n Kanada i t isveddayen macci am zik d tagelliḍt.
Di tafranin ihi d akavar ewwin aṭas imukan deg umni ara iḥekmen. Ad issali adavu u d win illan d aqerruy n ukavar i irevḥen i ittuYalen d aneYlaf amenzu. Netta ad ifren ineYlafen ines gar ufrinen n ukavar ines.
Maca ussan agi izrin aneYlaf amezwaru Stephen Harper issenker-ed tafranin. Mgal ines illa Thomas Mulcair n ukavar NPD, d imalayen neY d izelmaḍen ak d Justin Trudeau, mmi-s n Pierre Elliott Trudeau, illa Yef uqerruy n ilellamen. Di Québec illa daYen ukavar ittnaYen Yef uzarug n Québec, Bloc québécois, d Gilles Duceppe i t issadawen. Gilles Duceppe illa ijved iman-is seg mi i ixser tafranin tineggura maca seg imiren iruḥ am akken immut ukavar ines. Zik isâa ugar 54 imaztaen maca tagara yagi qqimen-d as kan 4 ufrinen. DYa d ayagi i Yef id-yuYal Gilles, akken ad diḥyu akavar ines, Bloc québécois.
Isentilen illan d imeqranen gar inmeglayen agi d tadamsa d…nniqab. Seg assmi yuder wazal n lpitrul, qemḍent tundar Yef tdamsa takanadit imi tettekka nezzeh Yef lpitrul n ujdi. Seg assmi iṭṭef adavu Stephen Harper iveddel udem i tdamsa imi issevYes nnig wayen ilaqen ayen ittin ar lpitrul n Alberta. Xas tadamsa nneY tejjhed u ur tettmlelli ara maca akka asegmi adamsan Yur-es tagelt neY iqqen ar lpitrul macci d kra.
Asentel wis-sin, d-yufraren ar tagara n tafranin d nniqab isneslem imi tusa yiwet n tpakistanit ar tfugla n tiYYermi s uqeccavu Yef udem. Anecta ijjâar aY aṭas. D ayen id-issakin kra Ikanadyaten d akken tamurt ara as tensaren wansayen ines s wid d-wwin Ikanadyaten imaynuten. Maca imi d akavar n Stephen Harper i ḥarcawen Yef anecta d netta i isserḍin neY iprufitin di tegnitt. DiYen netta xas akken illa yudar deg issenqad di tazwara maca tagara yagi d netta i d aqerruy n tmacint. Imi Mulcair d Trudeau ssellawit acemma Yef anect-a. Duceppe xas akken ived mgal tixidas n inselmen maca netta di Québec kan i itezzi.
Maca tafranin tikkelt agi vdant si yunyu u lvuṭ ad yili di 19 di tuver. D nutenti ak i d tiYezfanin deg umezruy n tafranin di Kanada. Yerna atan deg unevdu. DiYen netta yiwen ur asen issel akka tura di Yuct. Alma d tagara n tuver ara vdun medden ttaran lmendad nsen.
Maca isertiyen n Kanada am wid nniḍen, akken kan iY snumen ittẓemmiren: myal yiwen iqqar ifaY ten ak. Nek awen uqmaY tihin d tagi, a-wen ssegmaY ak tilufa, a-wen ksaY ak iYevlan d wuguren. Akka, simi ara kfunt tafranin ad ttun ak ayen d-nnan, d wayen is ṛṛgmen.


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Taẓɣlasmussut
Taẓɣlasmussut (zɣ tamaziɣt : Thermique Taẓɣlant + Dynamique Tasmussut) nɣ Tatirmudinamikt (s tanglizt : thermodynamic) tga yat ɣ igran n tasngama nɣ tafizikt nna isawaln f tirɣi d twuri d ddaraja n trɣi d tzdayt nns d tẓḍaṛt d uẓnẓṛ d tɣawsiwin yaḍnin izdin d tmtta.
Tiɣawsiwin ad ar ḍfarn kkuẓ ilugann n tatirmudinamikt nna as yakkan yan uglam asmktay, nẓḍar ad tn nfssr s tamikanikt n usidn. Ar nsxdam tatirmudinamikt ɣ kigan n igran ɣ tussniwin d timassanin, slawan akk ɣ takimit d tafizikt d utwal n tkimit d utwal n tfizikt, d igran yaḍnin zun d tasnzwit.


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Tizi Uzzu
Tga Tizi Uzzu nɣ Tizi n Uzezzu yat tmdint ɣ tmazirt n lqbayl ɣ Dzayr. Tg tamdint akkʷ imqqurn ɣ tmazirt n lqbayl, d tmaẓunt n twilayt n Tizi n uzzu. taggug f dzayr tamaẓunt s 100 km, d 125 km f Bgayt.
Ismsnfl
Tizi Uzzu iga yism amaziɣ, ikka d yism ad Tizi + n + Uzezzu, suln kra n iḍwwaṛn ɣ tmazrit n lqbayl ar as aqqran Tizi n Uzezzu macc amata n imzdaɣn n tmazirt-ad ar as aqqran "Tizi Wezzu" Azezzu iga yan wanaw n ijjign.
Tamallaytsnfl
Idrarn n Djardjar d akkʷ tasgiwin nnsn gan-t aɣbalu n tmallayt imqqurn ɣ tmdint n Tizi Uzzu imi kraygat usggas kigan n middn ar sr-s ttmuddun bac ad zzrin akud n tigga-nnsn. Taddart n Tala n yilf akk-d Tikejda d imukan lli iɛejben kigan n midden ɣ tizi n Skii.
Imukan n taɣedweft: Lwert Arumani: Tigzirt (Iomnium), Taqsebt (Rusupisir), Azzefun (Rosazu). Rrif n lebḥer (taftist) d ayen i ijebbden daɣen aṭas n middn di tamurt merra.
Amzruysnfl
Iɣrm n Tizi Wezzu ityawssan bedda s imaziɣen Li usinin asafu n tmagit n imazivn, imi ɣ tutlayt n iqbayliyn , walu ma illan ɣ umzruy azayku n Tizi Wezzu, ar tinin warratn mas d kra n lbni itubna ɣ tizi n Irumaniyn. ɣ umzruy ad naf yan wemkan nna iṭṭafn kra n tiggmma ɣ tizi n Iturkiyn; adɣar ad ifka-d talalit i yan ugadaz n dimanch akk-d yat Iɣrm (teɣremt) imẓẓin, tlla ar ɣilad yat tiɣrmt ɣ At Yiratn (azal n 25 km sg Tizi) i ttawbnan ɣ usggas 1850 ɣ tizi n taslkt Tafransist; tamdint ad tga-d tiɣrmt n Tizi Uzzu n ɣilad.
Tunnuntsnfl
ilmẓiyn inaddaln n lqbayl (jsk) ad igan tarabbut n tkurt n uḍar n tmdint n tizi n uzzu.