text:
Zik neqqar win yebghan tamazight, ad yissin
tira-s
Ass-a neqqar win yebghan tamazight, ad tt-yaru
Tigejdit :
Azul fell-awen ay atmaten d teysetmatin
Awal-nnegh akken
i t-id-nettawi ass-a s tmazight deg weghmis-nnegh llan at'as n medden ur a t-nfehhem ara. Llan kra, imi ay xuss'en di tmazight
negh ur ttmeslayen ara tamazight si lqa‚a ur fhimen ara tighmisin-nnegh, di lweqt i deg llan wiyad', d tikta-nnegh (idt'es)
deg wayen yerzan amkan ay tes‚a tmazight di tnettit-nnegh ur fhimen ara. Deg wayen yerzan wid ur nettmeslay ara tamazight
negh taqbaylit, aql-agh ne‚zem ur ten-nettaddja ara kan akken, ‚ellqen, ur fehhmen ara ayen nettmeslay s tutlayt-nnegh, yernu
neqqen-asen d akken tiddukla-nnegh attan ad texdem akk ayen umi tezmer akken ad asen-teselmed tamazight, akken t-id-nenna
deg weghmis-nnegh amenzu : tiddukla-nnegh a tessefray ad asen-tefk akk ttawil ilaqen i yimeghriyen-is akken ad snernin aswir-nsen
di tmazight. Aql-agh a d-nettheggi ahilen (programmes) n usselmed akk d yedlisen s lekmal-nsen i lmend n waya, yernu akken
kan ara yili wayen ara d-iwejden, ur nbexxe! l yis-s wanag ad t-nefreq ghef watmaten merr'a ara t-yeh'widjen negh ara t-id-yessutren.
D acu kan, ilaq ad d-n‚eggen d akken ma yella nettaru s teqbaylit, maci d tamazight ay nerra di rrif negh ur neh'sib ara Imazighen
nnid'en, wanag nekni d taqbaylit kan ay nessen yernu lemmer nufi, ad d-nernu s aghmis-nnegh id'risen s tentalyin nnid'en.
Ur nettwali ara d akken taqbaylit tif tintalyin timazighin nnid'en, wanag nemgal (au contraire), nettwali Imazighen merr'a
cerken deg-s akken ula d Leqbayel cerken di tentalyin nnid'en, am wakken ur nettwali ara d akken taqbaylit d nettat kan ay
d tamazight n uzekka, wanag mi nettaru yis-s nebgha kan ad asen-nessiwed' i Yimazighen merr'a izen-nnegh s tutlayt-nnegh tamazight,
ad neg ah'urif gher sdat akken ad tughal tmazight d tutlayt ay d-yessawad'en isallen am tutlayin timuddirin nnid'en, akken
ad nessebghes (encourager) atmaten-nnegh Imazighen ad ttemyaruin wagar-asen s tmazight kan, akken ad nesdukel tutlayt-nnegh
u ad ttekkint deg-s merr'a ta! n talyin timazighin n Tmazgha. Ttghimin-d wid-n akken ur nefhim ara tikta-nnegh deg wayen yerzan
amkan n tmazight di timmuzgha, nettwali d akken tikta-nnegh usant-asen-d amzun d abeqqa i ghef ur bnin ara, d takti ur yezmir
ad yeqbel le‚qel, d tiyita yest'erwicen. Ma nenna-d d akken tamazight d nettat ay d tigejdit tawh'idt n timmuzgha, nettwali
iman-nnegh nes‚a lh'eq yernu mazal ad nett'ef deg wawal-nnegh. Win yesr'uh'en tutlayt-is ghur Yimazighen ur t-mazal yettidir
idles-is amazigh wala yettidir tinettit-is (identitt'), yernu anect-a yeshel ad t-nz'er ula deg wennar. S kra n Yimazighen
ay yesr'uh'en ass-a tutlayt-nsen di Tefriqt n Ugafa (Afrique du Nord), yetti yiles-nsen gher ta‚r'abt, ughalen qqaren i yiman-nsen
d "A‚r'aben", yernu llan kra deg-sen zgan-d mgal n wakk ayen yeqqnen gher timmuzgha. Dgha, ad nwali d akken ass-a, imezdaghen
ay d-mazal qqaren-asen -u qqaren i yiman-nsen- d Imazighen d wid-n kan ay d-mazal ttmeslayen tamazight anda ma teddid', yernu
ula d wid-nni asmi a! r a sr'uh'en tutlayt-nsen, acemma ur sen-d-yettghimi. Ur nessed'lam ara deg wawal-agi-nnegh wid-n akken
akk ay d-ilulen, ufan-d imawlan-nsen qqaren-asen "nekni d A‚r'aben" negh ttmeslayen-asen s tefr'ensist seg wasmi ay d-kkren,
am wakken ur nugi ara ad tt'uqqten Yimazighen, u ad nes‚u atmaten anda ma nedda. D acu kan, s wawal-agi nebgha d atmaten-nnegh
ay yettun tutlayt-nsen, negh wid-n akken ara tt-yettaddjan ass-a, ay nebgha ad ten-id-nessaki u ad ten-nesfaq s twaghit-agi
ara d-id'errun. Tidet ilaq bnadem ad tt-id-yini, yernu qqaren-as wat zik : Ttif tidet yesseqrah'en wala lekdeb yessefr'ah'en.
D acu kan, ma llan kra seg watmaten-nnegh ay werdjin slan negh ur ngir ara tamawt i twaghit-agi d-yed'ran d tutlayt-nnegh,
ass-a mi akka ara tt-ttah'qaren wigad-is, ilaq ad d-ldin allen-nsen u ad qeblen tidet-agi. Ulac timmuzgha mebla tamazight.
Ur nufi ara awal icebh'en ugar akken ad nfak tigejdit-nnegh am wafiren-agi ay d-yeddja Lwenans Matoub, ad fell-as ye‚fu R'ebbi,
akken ad d-y! i ni tidet iqerrh'en :
Tameslayt d-inedjr'en abrid
D'lan-as
ss'did
Ula d bab-is yestehza
D awalen i ghef netta yefka Lwennas aqerru-s !!!
Imedyazen
Tabrat
n usnemmer i wid merr'a i gh-yett‚awanen
Tiddukla tadelsant
Imedyazen tebgha ad asen-terr tajmilt s tebrat-agi i watmaten-nnegh merr'a i d agh-yett‚awanen deg wussan-agi akken ad nesselh'u
taghmist-nnegh, awal-nnegh di internet s tutlayt n lejdud, s tmazight. Nefr'eh' imi ay nes‚a atmaten anda ma nedda, mi d-tegred'
tighri ad ak-d-rren "an‚am", yernu nessaram d akken tagmat-nnegh ad tefti u ad tennerni sya ar sdat, ma yebgha R'ebbi.
Seg wasmi ay
d-tlul teghmist-nnegh, at'as seg watmaten-nnegh ara tt-yettaznen i wid-n merr'a ay ssnen, at'as seg watmaten-nnegh ay tt-yettembaddalen
wagar-asen, yernu llan ula d wid i gh-tt-id-yessersen deg yemd'iqen-nsen n internet mebla ma nessuter seg-sen acemma, dgha
anect-a d ayen ay d agh-yesfer'h'en s wat'as. Ass-a, zemren ihi watmaten-nnegh ad afen taghmist-nnegh ters-d deg yemd'iqen
yettwassnen akka am www.mondeberbere.com, www.kabyle.com akk d www.tizihibel.net, yernu nessaram merr'a d akken anect-a ad yesnerni wid ay yeqqaren tutlayt tamazight di internet u ad yettekki deg usider
n tutlayt-nnegh. Ilaq ad d-nger tamawt d akken ass-a, mi akka ay nettidir di tallit n usselg! h u (information age) akk d
tallit n teywalt (communication age), ur ilaq ad nezgel acemma ay izemren ad yettekki deg wesnerni n tutlayt-nnegh. Yugh lh'al,
nekni s Yimazighen ih'emmlen tamazight, xas di citt' yid-negh ay nella, maca ma neghra, ma nez'wer yernu nes‚a ttawil ilaqen,
nezmer ad neg timkerriwin (miracles) akken ad d-nessider tutlayt-nnegh.
Qqaren-as : Xellun-tt ‚ecr'a, issidir-itt-id
yiwen.
Leqdic-agi n
wezra‚ n tmazight di internet d leqdic igerrzen imi ula d tutlayt-nnegh ilaq AD TILI deg uz'ett'a (rt'seau) i deg llant akk
tutlayin. Imi ay d agh-yeldi internet tiwwura akken ad nettembaddal u ad nettemsawad' isallen s tazzla, anect-a d ayen i yes
ilaq ad nenfe‚ tamazight. Ma zemren ad afen watmaten-nnegh isallen s tutlayt-nsen, ma zemren ad d-lemden kra n tghawsa ur
ssinen ara s tutlayt-nsen, anect-a d ayen ifazen, yernu ma nezmer ad nenfe‚ tutlayt-nnegh ma nemla-yasen i watmaten-nnegh
amek xeddmen yegduden nnid'en akken ad d-ssidren tutlayin-nsen, awi-d lukan.
D acu kan,
ur ilaq ara ad nettu digh tagmat-nni idjehden ay yeddjan ad d-yili akk wanect-a. S wazekka ma tr'uh'-agh tegmat, ulac win
ara yesr'uh'en tizemmar-is akka am nekni, ulac win ara yettwarnun u ad yettwah'qer am nekni. Awfan win yez'ran kra, win yufan
kra inef‚en ad t-imel i gma-s, i watmaten-is akken ad d-ssetnef‚en seg-s ula d nitni, yernu anect-a akk ad d-yili i lfayda
n tmazight. Dgha d tagmat i ghef ay ilaq ad n‚ass, d tin umi ilaq ad neg leqrar am tit'-nnegh, imi tagmat ghlayet yernu qqaren-as
wat zik :
Win ur nes‚i tagmat meh'qur
Tanemmirt ihi
i watmaten-nnegh n Tizi Hibel, tanemmirt i Karim Aguenaou, gma-tnegh n Merr'uk, tanemmirt i Mohand Imazaten u tanemmirt i
watmaten-nnegh merr'a ara yesselh'ayen ass-a awal-nnegh, awal n tmazight deg uz'ett'a (rt'seau) agraghlan akken ad tidir tmazight
u ad taf amkan-is ger tiyad', akken ad d-ughalen ghur-s warraw-is, u ad tt-id-yughal wemkan i deg tettalas.
Sghur n watmaten-nwen n Tiddukla
Tadelsant Imedyazen
Tanemmirt
Tzemrem ad tafem
taghmist-nnegh deg wassaghen-agi :
Utt'un 5
http://www.tizihibel.net/tiddukla_tadelsant_imedyazen_5.html
Utt'unen 5 d 6 d 7
http://www.mondeberbere.com/taddangiwin/
Utt'unen 6 d 7
http://www.kabyle.com/tamazight.php3
TIBRATIN-NWEN
Arezqi Buzefran
Azul fell-ak
ay ameddakwel. Tanemmirt ghef wed'ris-agi i d-turid' s tmazight. Akken i d- tennid' netcca times ghef meh'yaf ih'uzan tutlayt-nnegh.
Nettaru tikwal s tmazight, lame‚na i wakken ad nghiwel, mi ara yeh'r'es wakud, tikwal nettaru s tefr'ensist. Tanemmirt
imi tesmektid'-agh-d ghef tira n tutlayt nnegh.
Ar tufat
Tiririt :
Azul fell-ak a gma, Tanemmirt-ik ghef tebrat-yinek, u tanemmirt imi ay d agh-tt-id-turid' s tmazight, imi ssefr'ah'en-agh
at'as wid d agh-d-ittarun s tmazight, u lh'emdulelleh, llan at'as seg wid i gh-d-yerran. D ayen d agh-yesfer'h'en mlih' imi
ay d agh-d-tennid' d akken kettc (negh kenwi) tesseqdacem tamazight di tira d wemyaru-nwen di internet, d acu kan, nebgha
ad nger tamawt d akken asseqdec n tmazight ur ilaq ara ad yili tikwal kan, wanag ilaq ad t-nes‚u di lbal-nnegh dima u ad agh-yughal
d asendid (reflexe) : a ddqiqa i deg nekker ad naru kra i watmaten-nnegh Iqbayliyen (negh Icawiyen d Yimazighen nnid'en ay
izemren ad fehmen taqbaylit), s tmazight ara t-naru acku d tin ay d tutlayt-nnegh, yernu anect-a awfan ad agh-yughal d tanumi,
d taghawsa taganant (naturel) u ad nagh tanumi ad nettaru tamazight ula mi ara nh'ar, ula mi ara nettaru s l‚ejlan. D acu-tt
tutlayt i d agh-d-issekren ? D acu-tt tutla! y t i yes nettxemmim ? I yes nettargu ? Llan at'as deg-negh ara ak-yinin d tamazight,
ihi i wacu nettemyaru s tefr'ensist ? Deg yegduden nnid'en, qrib d lmuh'al ad naf sin ttemyarun wagar-asen s tutlayt taberr'anit,
ala kan (ahat) ma llan d inelmaden yebghan ad lemden tutlayt-nni, di lweqt i deg nekni, tafr'ensist tughal-agh d tutlayt n
wegdud, qrib ad tt-nessekcem di tnetti-nnegh (identitt'), u anect-a ad yili d ssebba ara d agh-d-iqel‚en seg yiz'uran-nnegh.
Lemmer ad twalid' agdud almani negh negh agdud apuluni yettmeslay ala kan s teglizit, ad twehmed' u ad as-tinid' anect-a
d ayen ur nettwafham, negh ala ? Ihi amek nekni s wass-a nezmer ad neqbel d akken ugar n 90 % seg Yimazighen-nnegh yessnen
tamazight ttmeslayen ala kan s tutlayin tiberr'aniyin di internet ? Taghmist-agi-nnegh tessefray ihi ad d-terr ccan i tutlayt-nnegh,
ad asen-teg ifadden i s kra n wid tt-yettmeslayen yernu TTARUN-TT, u ad d-tefk at'as n yisallen ara inef‚en medden u s tutlayt-nsen
kan. D acu kan, u ak! k en tez'ram, tutlayt ur tris ara kan ghef uqerru n yiwen kan n wemdan negh n yiwet kan n terba‚t, wanag
tutlayt n wegdud merr'a. Ghef wanect-a ay nessutur seg-wen, kenwi s watmaten-nnegh, anda ma tellam, ad tesselh'um awal-nnegh
u ad agh-t‚iwnem di leqdic-nnegh n ussebghes (encouragement) n usseqdec n tutlayt akk d ussider-yines. Tanemmirt-ik
a gma ‚zizen. Qqim di lehna n R'ebbi. S leh'mala n wul d tegmat.
Tutlayt di Kirgizistan
:
imenghi n tkirgizit di tmurt-is
Sghur Omar MOUFFOK
Aqeddem : ass-a,
nefren-d yiwen n amagrad s wazal-is, d win ay d-yettawin awal ghef tegnit i deg tella tutlayt takirgizit di tmurt-is. Kirgizistan
ay yellan d yiwet si tmura n Asya Talemmast tes‚edda ugar n 70 n yiseggasen s ddaw n leh'kem asuvyati. D acu kan, seg wasmi
ay tughal d timziregt (indt'pendante), tessider-d akk ayen yellan d azamul aghelnaw, d acu kan, xas takirgizit tughal d nettat
ay d tutlayt n tmurt, ur tufi ara iman-is akken ilaq lh'al, yernu mazal d tutlayt n uberr'ani, d tarusit, ay yes‚an amkan
amenzu di Kirgizistan. Amagrad-agi yesskanay-d amek ay tezmer tutlayt ay yellan d myall n tmurt, d myall n wexxam, ad tughal
d taklit deg wakal-is, yernu ad nz'er amek ay tezmer ad tettwah'qer tutlayt xas leqwanin merr'a n tmurt bedden-d s idisan-is.
Yugh lh'al, ger n wawal akk d leqdic at'as ay yellan, yernu di tmurt i deg ara ixass' lebghi i lmend n ussider n tutlayt,
ula ay d as-d-gen yiz'uyar (statuts) i tutlayt-a! . Nnig waya, agdud i gher tella tutlayt, i gher tettidir, yes‚a azal meqqren
akken ad as-yeg leqrar, d acu kan, ma yella ur yeqdic ara udabu akken ara icebbeh' tugna (image) n tutlayt u ad tt-yerr digh
d tutlayt inef‚en medden di tudert-nsen, ula d agdud, imawlan n tutlayt, ad rewwlen fell-as. Tutlayt takirgizit, am tmazight,
ay yughalen ilindi d tutlayt taghelnawt tis snat di Ldzayer, d tutlayin ay tent-yughen di llsas, yernu maci d abeddel n sufella
kan ara tent-id-yessidren. Yeqqar-as wanzi ghur-negh : tissirt mi ara tent-tagh di rryac ula ay d as-d-gen yighuraf. Ula d
takirgizit akk d tmazight, maci d iz'uyar akk d leqwanin ay tent-ixuss'en, wanag add'an atan anda nnid'en.
I. Tazzwart
Di tmura n Asya
Talemmast (Asie Centrale) ay yellan zik d ah'ric si Tdukli Tasuvyatit (URSS), tutlayt tes‚a ass-a azal meqqren imi ay tella
d yiwen seg yizumal n tnettit (identitt') taghelnawt n yegduden-nsent. Imi ay s‚eddant tmura-yagi tallit ghezzifen s ddaw n
leh'kem asuvyati ay i‚erd'en ad asent-yemh'u idles-nsent akk d umezruy-nsent, ass-a atenti a ttughalent s iz'uran-nsent, a
d-ssekfalent tanes'lit-nsent akken ad d-sseknent d akken llant, akken ad bnunt iman-nsent i uzekka. D acu kan, di tmura-yagi
merr'a, ddjan-d Yisuvyatiyen ighighden-nsen, tutlayt tarusit mazal ttmeslayen-tt wat'as n medden di tmura-ya, yernu tikwal
d nettat ay yes‚an azal meqqren ghef tutlayin n Asya Talemmast, xas ma yella tineggura-ya di tmura-nsent ay llant, yernu tt‚awanen-tent
yiduba akken ad nnernint. Di Kirgizistan, tutlayt taghelnawt, takirgizit, attan a tettnagh deg wakal-is, di tmurt i deg tt-yettmeslay
umur ameqqran deg wegdud, akk! e n ad taf iman-is sdat n trusit. Xas ma yella takirgizit d nettat ay d tutlayt tamezwarut
n tmurt di tmend'awt (Constitution) n Kirgizistan, attan a tettidir di tegnit is'e‚ben yernu simmal tettughal gher deffir.
Anect-a yessutur-d seg udabu n tmurt-agi ad yeg s l‚ejlan ayen ilaqen akken ad d-yessukkes (ad d-isellek) yiwet si tgejda
yes‚an azal meqqren di lebni n tnettit taghelnawt n Kirgizistan.
II. Iz'uyar* n tkirgizit di Kirgizistan
*iz'uyar : statuts
Di 1989, asmi
ay d-mazal tagduda n Kirgizistan d yiwet si tegdudyin n Tdukli Tasuvyatit, tughal tutlayt takirgizit d tutlayt tamens'abt
n tegduda-yagi. Yugh lh'al, di tallit-nni i deg tella a tteddu Tdukli Tasuvyatit akken ad teghli, di tgara n yiseggasen n
1980 akk d tezwara n yiseggasen n 1990, at'as n yegduden nnid'en ay yellan a ssuturen izerfan-nsen akk d weste‚r'ef s tnettiyin-nsen
tidelsanin negh tighelnawin di tegdudyin tisuvyatiyin nnid'en, mbe‚d ma s‚eddan tallit ghezzifen i deg yexdem udabu amezdukli
(communiste) akk ayen yezmer akken ad d-yeqle‚ igduden yettidiren di Tdukli seg yiz'uran-nsen. Dgha, asmi ay tughal tkirgizit
d tutlayt yes‚an az'ayer di tmurt-is i tikkelt tamenzut deg umezruy, iga wegdud akirgizi ah'urif meqqren akken ad d-yawi azarug
(indt'pendance) i tmurt-is. Dgha tlata kan n yiseggasen mbe‚d, asmi ay teghli Tdukli Tasuvyatit, tughal tegduda n Kirgizistan
d tamurt timziregt (indt'pendante), ye! r nu tughal tutlayt takirgizit d nettat ay d tutlayt tamens'abt n tegduda yernu d tutlayt
n Uwanek (Etat). D acu kan, yebda yetth'ulfu udabu akirgizi, citt' n lweqt sakin, d akken ur yezmir ara ad yesselh'u tamurt
ala kan s tutlayt takirgizit, imi tutlayt-a tes‚a at'as n wuguren ur tt-neddji ara ad d-tewjed i uselh'u n tmurt, d anect-a
ay yeddjan Kirgizistan ad as-tefk az'ayer ula i trusit di 1994, sakin, deg waggur n Magu n 2000, tughal trusit di Kirgizistan
d tutlayt tamens'abt tis snat, gher tama n tkirgizit. Ihi, nezmer ad nger tamawt d akken mbe‚d ma tekka-d Kirgizistan ghef
yiwet n tallit n lh'ir akken ad terfed tutlayt-is gher temkant ‚layen di tmurt, tebda tettughal gher deffir di ‚ecr'a n yiseggasen-agi
ineggura, imi aste‚r'ef ay teste‚r'ef s trusit d ayen ay d-yesskanayen digh d akken adabu akirgizi yebda yettara di rrif tutlayt
takirgizit, di lweqt i deg tutlayt-a attan di tegnit i deg teh'wadj at'as n leqdic akken ad d-tettwarfed u ad tes‚u amkan-is
di tmurt-is.
III. Tagnit n tutlayt takirgizit di
Kirgizistan
a. Tisnaddanin*
*statistiques
Deg useggas
n 2001, llan di Kirgizistan 4.753.000 n yimezdaghen, gar-asen azal n 58% d Ikirgiziyen negh d wid yettmeslayen takirgizit
akk d wazal n 15 % n Yirusiyen. Yugh lh'al, d Irusiyen ay d tadersi (minoritt') tameqqrant akk di tmurt-a mbe‚d n Yikirgiziyen,
yernu ttidiren ladgha di temdinin akk d tmiwa iqerben ghur-sent, am wakken digh ara naf at'as n Yirusiyen di yeghzer (vallt'e)
n wasif n Chuy, deg ugafa (nord) n tmurt, anda ay d-tuzga tmaneght n Kirgizistan, Bickek (Bishkek). Azal n 40% deg yimezdaghen
n Kirgizistan ay yettidiren di temdinin, yernu Irusiyen ay yellan d tidersi idjehden di tmurt-a, kkaten mlih' ghef yizerfan-nsen
di Kirgizistan, yernu tta‚rad'en amek ara d-h'ettmen tinettit-nsen akk d yedles-nsen ghef yimezdaghen n tmurt-a, dgha di tmiwa-yagi
i deg ttidiren, ur nettaf ara ala kan d Irusiyen ay yettmeslayen tarusit, wanag llan at'as n Yikirgiziyen ay ten-yett‚anaden.
D acu kan,
ilaq ad d-nger tamawt digh d akken tisnaddanin (statistiques) n tmurt-a ur nezmir ad nettkel fell-asent imi tikwal, wid ittgen
addun (recensement) ur steqsayan ara medden isteqsiyen ilaqen akken ad z'ren d acu-tt negh d acu-tent tutlayin ay ttmeslayen,
yernu xas ma yella at'as seg yimezdaghen n Kirgizistan ay yesseqdacen ugar n yiwet n tutlayt, addunen n tmurt-agi ur fkin
ara azal meqqren i wanect-a. Yugh lh'al, tikwal, mi ara d as-inin i wab‚ad' : "D acu n tutlayt ay tettmeslayed' negh ay tesseqdaced'
deg wexxam", ad d-yebder kan yiwet n tutlayt, dgha ad yettuneh'sab deg waddun d akken yettmeslay kan tutlayt-nni, xas ma yella
yessen tutlayin nnid'en yernu tutlayt-nni ay yettmeslay maci dima d nettat ay d tutlayt-is tanes'lit. Dgha, awfan wid iqeddcen
deg waddun ad nadin ghef wach'al n tutlayin ay yessen wemdan, maci ala kan tutlayt ay yesseqdac, ladgha imi di tmurt-a, yezmer
wab‚ad' ad yili yessen takir! g izit, d tutlayt-is tayemmat i yes d-yekker, d acu kan, di tudert-is n yal ass d tarusit ay
yesseqdac ugar. Bitt llan ula d wigad ay sen-yeqqaren i yiqeddacen ay d-yelhan s waddun, d akken d taglizit negh d talmanit
ay ttmeslayen deg wexxam, yili nitni d Ikirgiziyen di las'el. Dgha amdan am wa ur yezmir ad yettuneh'sab d imsiwel yessawalen
kan tutlayt tarusit negh taglizit negh talmanit, wanag tewwi-d ad yettuneh'sab d asnutlay (bilingue). Si tama nnid'en, llan
di Kirgizistan ula d imdanen yettmeslayen tlata n tutlayin, yernu wigi nezmer ad ten-naf ladgha deg wenz'ul (sud) n tmurt.
Di tama-yagi anda ay ttidiren wat'as n Wuzbikiyen, medden ttmeslayen takirgizit, tuzbikit yernu zemren ad issinen ula d tarusit,
d acu kan, wid ay d-yelhan s waddun beddren-d kan d akken ttmeslayen takirgizit akk d tuzbikit xas ma yella at'as seg wid
steqsayan ssnen tarusit. Ghef wanect-a ay zemren ad ilin yezwilen (chiffres) n tesnaddanin yerzan tutlayt di Kirgizistan d
izwilen igheld'en, yernu zemren ad! ilin wid yettmeslayen tutlayt-a negh tutlayt-agi ugar negh qell n wanect ay d-yeqqar udabu.
b. Takirgizit deg unabad' n Kirgizistan
*gouvernement
Imi tutlayt
takirgizit d tutlayt n Uwanek (ddewla), s kra n wed'ris amens'ab (texte officiel) ara d-yessuffegh unabad' akirgizi ad t-id-yessuqel
gher tkirgizit. D acu kan, xas ma yella seg yidis n usad'uf (lqanun) d takirgizit ay yifen tarusit, imi nettat tettusemma
di tmend'awt (Constitution) d tutlayt tamens'abt yernu d tin n Uwanek, di lweqt i deg tarust di tutlayt kan tamens'abt, maca
d tarusit ay yes‚an azal meqqren di leqdic n ubadu, imi id'risen merr'a n Uwanek teffghen-d, qbel, s trusit, sakin lehhun-d
d usuqel-nsen, yernu si tama nnid'en, tasuqilt-nsen gher tkirgizit ixeddem-itt udabu akken kan ad iqader asad'uf, maci i lmend
n teywalt (communication). Ghef wanect-a, nezmer ad nger tamawt d akken di lweqt i deg adabu yettak azal meqqren i wayen ay
d-yettaru s trusit, tisuqilin ay d-iteg s tkirgizit yettak-asent kan azal azamal (valeur symbolique), yernu tikwal imd'ebbren
ur d-cli‚en ara ula si tghara (qualitt') n tsuqilin-agi u teddunt-d deg-sen ula d tuccd'iwin. Ghef umedya, yiwwas, deg yiwet
n teftart (document) tamens'abt i deg ay d-yenna udabu s trusit : "Agraw imsud'ef (assemblt'e lt'gislative) n Tegduda takirgizit
yezmer ad d-yessbded asad'uf aserdasi (loi martiale) ma yella yet‚edda kra n we‚daw ghef Tegduda Takirgizit" ssuqlen-tt-id
gher tkirgizit am wakka : "Yezmer ad d-yettusebded usad'uf aserdasi ma yella yet‚edda Wegraw imsud'ef ghef Tegduda Takirgizit".
Yernu tuccd'a am tagi ted'ra-d di tmurt i deg ula d win ara d-yessersen iman-is gher tefranin akken ad yughal d aselway, ilaq
ad yes‚eddi akayad (test) ghur n udabu akken ad z'ren ma yessen mlih' takirgizit negh ala.
Yugh lh'al,
xas ma yella di Kirgizistan, wid yettmeslayen tarusit tta‚rad'en amek ara s‚eddin iman-nsen d nitni ay yettwah'eqren yernu
ttwakksen-asen yizerfan-nsen deg wayen yerzan tutlayt, d takirgizit ayen yettwah'eqren di tidet, xas akken d nettat ay d tutlayt
n tmurt.
Ghef leh'sab n usad'uf akirgizi, wid ur nessin ara tarusit
negh takirgizit deg wexxam n ccr'e‚ ttalasen ad s‚un imsuqel (traducteur) ara d asen-d-yessuqlen ayen ttmeslayen di ccr'e‚.
D acu kan tikwal deg yexxamen n ccr'e‚, ad naf kan imsuqlen ay d-yessuqulen si tkirgizit gher trusit, ma si trusit gher tkirgizit
ulac. Si tama nndi'en, at'as n yemd'ebbren n udabu ay yettwalin d akken imi Kirgizistan tella zik d ah'ric si Tdukli Tasuvyatit,
dgha imezdaghen-is merr'a ass-a fehhmen tarusit, di lweqt i deg takirgizit maci imezdaghen merr'a n tmurt fehhmen-tt (ladgha
Irusiyen), d acu kan, tidet maci akka ay tella deg wennar, imi amur meqqren deg Yikirgiziyen d wid yettidiren di tmurt yernu
sseqdacen kan tutlayt-nsen tanes'lit, di lweqt i deg tarusit, tutlayt n temdinin, llan at'as n wid ur tt-nessin ara.
Yugh lh'al, xas ma yella takirgizit yebded usad'uf n tmurt
s idis-is, ur tufi ara iman-is deg wennar, yernu simmal ara tettughal gher deffir sdat n trusit umi ara yettimghur ccan deg
wat'as n yinurar n tudert di Kirgizistan.
c. Azal ay s‚ant tkirgizit akk d trusit
di Kirgizistan
Gher medden, xas ma yella tarusit ttwalin-tt d tutlayt n
uneh'r'as (colonisateur) n yid'elli, d tin ay d-yesmektayan lbat'el akk d tesnaraft (dictature) n tallit tasuvyatit di Kirgizistan,
maca ass-a at'as n medden ay s-yettaken ccan meqqren, imi d nettat ay d tutlayt n usselmed akk d yedles atrar (moderne). Ma
d takirgizit, si tama-s, at'as n wid ay tt-yettwalin d tutlayt yeqqnen s afuleklur' (folklore) aghelnaw, d tin n wansayen
(traditions) akk d tz'uryin tigherfanin (arts populaires) negh d azamul kan n tnettit taghelnawt akk d tfernant (patrie).
Maca si tama nnid'en, tutlayt takirgizit tes‚a digh tugna (image) n d iri, imi ay llan wid ay tt-yettwalin d tutlayt kan n
tmurt negh n ugama (capmagne), d tutlayt n wid yettidiren berr'a i temdinin yernu ur ssinen ara tagherma, n wid ur nefhim
ara, ur neghri ara, d tutlayt kan n yimeksawen akk d yimezdaghen n yidurar.
Ma deg wennar
n usselh'u n tmurt, nnig n wazal ay tes‚a tutlayt tarusit deg udabu akirgizi (akken t-id-nebder sufella-yagi), tarusit d nettat
digh ay d tutlayt n tdamsa (t'conomie) di Kirgizistan. Xas ma yella asad'uf yeddja takirgizit ad tes‚u amkan di tdamsa, imi
ass-a tiner'misin (entrprises) ttnadint at'as ghef yiqeddacen yessnen ad mmeslayen takirgizit, maca tutlayt-a ur tle‚‚eb ara
ddur' meqqren akken ay t-tle‚‚eb trusit di ssuq n tmurt. Win yessnen ad yemmeslay tarusit akk d tkirgizit d win ara izemren
ad isellek aqerru-yis deg wennar n tdamsa, di lweqt i deg win yessnen kan takirgizit, ur yettaf ara iman-is deg wennar-agi.
Yugh lh'al, tugna ara yes‚u wegdud ghef tutlayt-is d ayen
yes‚an azal meqqren imi d anect-a ara d as-yefken amkan akk d ddur' i tutlayt-a di tmurt negh gher wegdud i deg tt-ttmeslayen,
d acu kan, deg wayen yerzan Kirgizistan, iban d akken d tarusit ay yifen takirgizit deg wat'as n lumur', d nettat ay d tutlayt
icebh'en gher medden yernu d nettat ay qeblen medden deg wat'as n yinurar, d nettat ay s-yekksen cci‚a i tkirgizit. Si tama
nnid'en, takirgizit tettmagar-d, tasiwi‚t-a digh at'as n wuguren ayen i s-ikerfen tizemmar-is yernu ur tt-ddjin ad tili d
tutlayt iwejden akken ad d-tbedd i lmendad n usselh'u n tmurt.
IV. Uguren n tkirgizit deg wennar
Tarusit maci
ala kan s wemkan ay s-fkan medden ay tif takirgizit, wanag ula seg yidis n ttawil ay tes‚a. Yugh lh'al tarusit, nemgal (contrairment)
n tkirgizit, d tutlayt tagraghlant, imi d tin ay ttmeslayen wazal n 277 n yimelyunen n yemdanen deg wemd'al, deg wugar n 15
n tmura, yernu d yiwet si tutlayin n Yeghlanen Yedduklen (Nations Unies). Rnu-yas s anect-a, tarusit d tutlayt yes‚an tasekla
(littt'rature) yuran idjehden yernu d taqburt, d tutlayt tatrart yernu d tutlayt n tussna ay izer‚en mlih' di tmura merr' i
deg ay d-mazal ttmeslayen-tt. Ma d takirgizit, si tama-s, ur telli ara deg wemkan i deg tella trusit deg wemd'al yernu ur
tes‚i ara ttawil ay tes‚a tutlayt-a akken ad tesselh'u tamurt, tasekla-yines yuran d tamaynut yernu maci at'as n leqdic ay
yettwaxedmen fell-as akken ad tughal d tutlayt tatrart.
Xas ma yella
deg yiseggasen n 1920, yeqdec udabu asuvyati akken ad yerr tutlayt takirgizit d tutlayt yettarun, maca di tallit-nni ghezzifen
ay yett'ef leh'kem asuvyati, ur as-tettunefk ara tegnit i tkirgizit akken ad tughal d tutlayt tatrart ara izemren ad tesselh'u
tisuda (institutions) i yiman-is. Di 1928, tbeddel tkirgizit agemmay-is, tughal tettaru s ugemmay alatini mbe‚d ma tella zik
tettaru s ugemmay a‚r'ab, sakin, di 1940, tughal s ugemmay asirili (arusi) ay tettaru yernu teqqim akken alammi d iseggasen
n 1990, tallit i deg tewwi tmurt azarug yernu a yessefray udabu ad d-yerr agemmay alatini. D acu kan, ilaq ad nger tamawt
d akken abeddel-agi n ugemmay igellu-d s uxess'ar ghef tutlayt imi yal tikkelt i deg ara yettubeddel ugemmay, tasekla-nni
ay yuran s ugemmay-nni aqbur amzun tettwagzem ghef tin ara arun s ugemmay amaynut, dgha d anect-a ur nettaddja ara ad d-yili
ukemmel di tsekla. Rnu-yas s anect-a, adabu asuv! y ati ay d as-ibeddlen sin yiberdan i tkirgizit agemmay i yes tettaru (1928
d 1940), ur d-icli‚ ara seg yimal n tutlayt-a negh seg wayen ay izemren ad tt-yeddj ad tennerni, wanag d iswiyen isnaktanen
(buts idt'ologiques) ay yeddjan Isuvyatiyen ad h'ettmen igemmayen ay bghan nitni ghef yegduden yellan s ddaw n tecd'ad't-nsen,
am Yikirgiziyen.
Ma seg wasmi
ay tewwi Kirgizistan azarug-is ar ass-a, citt'ah' kan ay yettwaxedmen i lmend n ussetrer (modernisation) akk d ussizegh (standardisation)
n tutlayt takirgizit. Ass-a, takirgizit xuss'en-tt wat'as n wawalen deg yinurar n tudert tatrart yernu anect-a yessawed' ula
d imusnawen yettarun yis-s ad ttkukrun ad d-ssuffghen yis-s idlisen.
Llan wid ay yebghan ad zzizedgen tutlayt takirgizit, ad
kksen seg-s akk awalen ay tt-id-ikecmen si trusit (imi ay llan at'as), u ad rren deg wemkan-nsen awalen ara d-ssuddmen (dt'river)
si tkirgizit taqburt negh si ta‚r'abt, d acu kan, llan at'as n Yikirgiziyen ay d-yettcetkin seg wawalen-agi imaynuten n tkirgizit
imi ur ten-fehhmen ara negh bitt, ttihin yis-sen, di lweqt i deg wiyad', ad d-ttcetkin ghef lexs'as' meqqren ay txuss' tkirgizit
deg wawalen itraren (modernes). Imi amur meqqren deg wawalen n tussna akk d taknit (technique) ay yellan di tkirgizit d wid
ay d-yekkan si trusit, at'as n Yikirgiziyen ay yettwalin d akken tutlayt-nsen d tin ur nezmir ara i yiman-is, yernu tif-itt
trusit. D anect-a ay yerran takirgizit tes‚a kan ddur' mect'uh'en deg wat'as n yinurar.
Nnig waya, takirgizit
akk d trusit ur ‚dilent ara deg wennar n usselmed, imi, akken d-nebder sufella-yagi, tarusit d nettat ay yewwin cci‚a gher
medden deg uselmed, yernu, si tama nnid'en, takirgizit tettwah'qer alammi d ayen kan deg wennar-agi.
Xas ma yella
takirgizit d yiwet si tutlayin n ugherbaz di Kirgizistan, maca iselmaden ay tt-yesselmaden ur a sen-iteg ara udabu assilegh
(formation) yelhan, yernu ur ttuxellas'en ara akk mlih'. Rnu-yas s anect-a, di lweqt i deg tarusit tes‚a idlisen yelhan (ay
d-yettawd'en tikwal si Rrus), ahilen n tghara (programmes de qualitt') yernu d nettat ay d tutlayt i yes qqaren yinelmaden
tussna deg ugehrbaz, ttawil n tkirgizit ixuss' at'as yernu ur telhi ara tghara-s.
Ma deg wayen
yerzan almud afellay (enseignement supt'rieur), d tarusit digh ay yewwin cci‚a di tesdawit, yernu inelmaden yeqqaren s tkirgizit
tth'ulfun d akken ur s‚in ara tiwwura akken ad rebh'en di tudert-nsen am wid yeqqaren s trusit. Imi ay tufa trusit iman-is
deg wat'as n yinurar n tmurt, wid yeqqaren s tutlayt-a zemren ad afen leqdic yelhan am wakken ay zemren ad afen abrid s tefses
(sshala) akken ad rebh'en di ddunit-nsen, di lweqt i deg takirgizit, di tegnit-agi i deg tella, tughal di rrif deg wat'as
n yinurar yernu ur tezmir ara i yiman-is, attan a tettidir tagnit i deg ara rewwlen fell-as wigad-is, imi ara tt-ttwalin d
akken ur tes‚i ara lfayda meqqren.
V. Tifratin
Imi ara yettwali
udabu akirgizi d akken tutlayt d azamul n tfernant (patrie), tewwi-d ad yeg akk ayen umi yezmer akken ad as-yerfed amkan-is
i tkirgizit, u ad yeqbel ad is'erref fell-as at'as n yedrimen akken ad tt-yerr d tutlayt ur ne‚dil ara kan akk d trusit deg
usad'uf, wanag ad te‚del yid-s ula deg wennar.
Yiwet si tghawsiwin
timezwura ay ilaq ad tent-yeg udabu i lmend n ussider n tkirgizit netta d assemgher n ccan n tutlayt-a deg wallen n Yikirgiziyen.
Xas ma yella asad'uf akirgizi yeldi-yas tiwwura i tkirgizit akken ad tili di tedbelt (admninistration) negh deg wexxam n ccr'e‚,
ilaq ad yeqdec udabu i akken ara yesseqdac ugar takirgizit di tsertit, di tudert tamens'abt akk d ttawilat n teywalt (communication),
yernu ur tettghimi ara tsuqilt-nni ixeddem i teftarin timens'abin d tisuqilin tizamalin (symboliques). Yugh lh'al, ma yefka
udabu azal i useqdec n tutlayt taghelnawt, anect-a ad yesnerni ccan n tutlayt-a gher wegdud yernu ad asen-tili ugar deg wul.
Si tama nnid'en,
ilaq ad yeqdec udabu ghef wamek ara d-yexleq imukan n leqdic i deg ara tes‚u azal tkirgizit, negh, s wawal nnid'en, amek ara
yerr takirgizit d tutlayt n weghrum. Yugh lh'al, akken t-di-nebder sufella-yagi, yiwet si ssebbat tigejdanin (principales)
ay yeddjan tarusit ad tif takirgizit nettat imi tamenzut-nni d tutlayt ay sseqdacen deg wat'as n yinurar n tudert. D acu kan,
ma yeqdec udabu akken ara yerr tutlayt takirgizit d tutlayt idjehden deg wennar n leqdic, anect-a ad d-yejbed ghur-s at'as
n medden, yernu ad tes‚u azal meqqren ugar imi ula d nettat ad tes‚u ddur' di tmurt-a u ad tes‚u lfayda gher medden. Ghef
umedya, yezmer udabu ad yessuter si tner'misin (entreprises) merr'a n tmurt, ama d tighelnawin negh d tiberr'aniyin, ad ssuturent
deg yiqeddacen-nsent ad issinen takirgizit u ad ssebghasent (encourager) iqeddacen ad sseqdacen tutlayt takirgizit di leqdic.
D acu kan,
akken ad yishil ghef tkirgizit ad tughal d tutlayt n tsuda (institutions) akk d tutlayt n leqdic, ilaq ad yeqbel udabu ad
is'erref idrimen ilaqen i wesnerni n tutlayt-agi s timmad-is. Imi, akken d-nebder yagi, takirgizit ur tes‚i ara akk awalen
ay teh'wadj akken ad tqabel yis-sen tallit n wass-a, ilaq ad yeqdec udabu akken ara tt-yesnerni, ad tt-yerr d tutlayt tatrart,
d tutlayt tizeght (standardist'e). Di teswi‚t-agi i deg nella ass-a, imesnilsiyen (linguistes) ay izemren ad d-lhun d wesnerni
n tutlayt akken ilaq, atni a qeddcen deg yimukan i deg zemren ad aghen at'as n yedrimen, di lweqt i deg wid iqeddcen deg wennar
(imesnilsiyen ur nes‚i ara aswir meqqren, imsuqlen-traducteurs, iselmaden, atg.), mfaraqen, kul yiwen anida yellan, yernu
ur a ttaghen ara idrimen imeqqranen, d imi ur ttazmaren ara ad d-ttekkin s lh'adja meqqren deg wesnerni n tutlayt. D acu kan,
ilaq ghef udabu ad asen-yeg ifadden i wid m! e rr'a ay izemren ad snernin tutlayt, ad ten-yettxellis' mlih' u ad asen-yefk
akk ttawil h'wadjen i lmend n wanect-a.
Di tgara, ur
ilaq ara ad nettu digh azal meqqren ay yes‚a uselmed deg usider n tutlayt. Imi d agherbaz ay d amkan i deg ay d-ttenkarent
tsutyin n uzekka ara ikemmlen ad ttmeslayent tutlayt-nsent, ilaq ghef udabu ad yeqdec akken ara yerr takirgizit d tutlayt
ara yafen iman-is mlih' deg ugherbaz. Dgha, ilaq ad yefk azal i usilegh (formation) n yiselmaden, u ad asen-yeg annanen (stages)
yelhan akken ad zemren ad fken asselmed igerrzen i yinelmaden-nsen. Si tama nnid'en, ilaq digh ghef udabu ad yebded akken
ilaq i tghara (qualitt') n wahilen (porgrammes) n usselmed n tkirgizit deg ugherbaz, ad ten-yerr d ahilen i yesernayen azal
n tutlayt takirgizit deg wallen n Yikirgiziyen imect'ah' u ad ughalen h'emmlen-tt, d ahilen yettaken llsas yelhan di tmusni
i yinelmaden yernu iteg-asen ifadden akken ad qablen ddunit s tutlayt-nsen. Dgha, ur ilaq ara ad ikukru udabu ad d-issuffegh
idlisen n ugherbaz ifazen yes‚an taghara yelhan, am ! w id-nni n trusit, akken ad yesselmed takirgizit akken ilaq lh'al.
VI. Tagrayt
Tugh, ma tkemmel
tegnit akken tella ass-a, tezmer ad tawed' trusit, ayen yufan mlih' iman-is di Kirgizistan, alamma tekkes-as amkan-is i tkirgizit
di yal wannar, u ad tt-terr d tutlayt kan n uzamul ur nse‚‚u ara akk ddur' di tmirt-is. Deg tama-yagi n wemd'al i deg igduden
atni a ttughalen s iz'uran-nsen, a ttnadin ad s‚un tanettit idjehden akken ur tt‚waden ara ad d-ghlin ger n yifassen n uberr'ani
ara ten-ih'ekmen u ad ten-yesselh'u akken i s-yehwa netta, Kirgizistan tettban-d amzun tefka afus ghef tutlayt-is, mbe‚d ma
tnuda ula d nettat, yiwen n lweqt akken, ad terr takirgizit d tigejdit n tnettit taghelnawt. Yugh lh'al, imal (futur) n kra
tutlayt yeqqen mlih' gher lebghi n wegdud ay tt-yettmeslayen akken ad as-yebded, ad yethella deg-s u ad as-yefk amkan ay tuklal
di tmetti negh di tmurt. Xas ma yella Kirgizistan d tamurt ur nes‚i ara ttawil ay s‚ant tmura timer'kantiyin akken ad d-tessider
tutlayt-is, ttilint tikwal! i deg agdud negh adabu ilaq ad yeqbel ad yeg tighersawin (sacrifices) i lmend n ussukkes (usellek)
n wayen yes‚a ghlay di tmurt-is.
I tmerniwt n yisallen, rzut
ghef wassagh-agi :
http://www.cimera.org/files/biling/en/Korth_Languagerevival.pdf
Ghret daghen :
Tabrat n Yimedyazen Utt'un 5 : Assider n tutlayt tirlandit
Tabrat n Yimedyazen Utt'un 14 : Tasertit n tutlayin di Ist'unya
Tabrat n Yimedyazen Utt'un 16 : Tamsalt n tutlayt di Cameroun
Tutlayt takirgizit
Tutlayt takirgizit
d nettat ay d tutlayt taghelnawt n Kirgizistan, yernu ttmeslayen-tt wazal n 2 n yimelyunen n medden, Ikirgiziyen. Di tmura
ay d-iqerben Kirgizistan llan digh wat'as n wid ay tt-yettmeslayen. Di lweqt i deg llan 150.000 n medden ay tt-yettmeslayen
di Ccinwa, ladgha di tama tafulmant (autonome) n Sinkiang-Uighur, llant digh wat'as n trebba‚ timect'ah' n Yikirgiziyen ay
tt-yettmeslayen deg wetram (lgherb) n Mungulya, di Kazaxestan, di Tadjikistan akk d Uzbikistan. Nezmer digh ad naf kra di
Afghanistan, di Tt'erk akk d Pakistan.
Tawacult-is :
Takirgizit d
yiwet si tutlayin n twacult tat'erkit, dgha tutlayin ay tt-icuban tt'uqqtent u nezmer ad d-nebder gar-asent tat'erkit, tazirit
(n Azerbidjan), tatatar't (n Tatarestan, di Rusya), tawigurt (ay ttmeslayen di Ccinwa), tuzbikit n Uzbikistan akk d wat'as
n tiyad', d acu kan, tutlayt i gher tettemcabi at'as, d takazaxit ay ttmeslayen s umata di Kazaxestan. Tawacult n tutlayin
tit'erkiyin d tawacult meqqren i deg llant wat'as n tutlayin n Asya, yernu ttekkant deg-s ula d tutlayt tamungulit, u llan
wid ay yesqeben ula d takurit akk d tjapunit gher twacut-a.
Tintalyin-is :
Takirgizit tes‚a
snat n tentalyin timeqqranin, tin n ugafa (nord) akk d tin n wenz'ul (sud). Takirgizit tizeght (standard) d tin ay d-yufraren
si tentala n ugafa, yernu llan deg-s wat'as n wawalen ay d-yekkan si tmungulit akk d tkazaxit, di lweqt i deg tantala n wenz'ul,
ad naf deg-s at'as n wawalen ay d-yekkan si tuzbikit akk d tutlayin tir'aniyin am tfarsit (perse) akk d ttadjikit.
Tasghent (ddur') n tkirgizit di tmetti
Xas tesseqdec
tutlayt takirgizit agemmay a‚r'ab i tallit ghezzifen deg umezruy, maca alammi d tallit tasuvyatit ay yettwaxdem leqdic i lmend
n ussizegh (standardisation) n tutlayt-agi akken ad tughal ad tettuseqdac, gher tama n trusit, deg uselh'u n lumur' timens'abin
n Tegduda Tasuvyatit n Kirgizistan. Ass-a, takirgizit lemmden-tt warrac alamma d aswir n tesnawit (lyct'e). Ma di tesdawit,
asselmed yettili-d ama s trusit negh s tkirgizit, ghef leh'sab n yinurar n tmusni. Di 1926, ala kan 5% seg yimezdaghen n Kirgizistan
ay yellan ssnen ad ghren u ad arun di lweqt i deg 67% seg yimezdaghen n tmurt d wid yettmeslayen takirgizit, ma di 1970, wwd'en
wid yessnen ad ghren gher 100%, di lweqt i deg wid yettmeslayen takirgizit neqsen-d gher 44% di tallit-nni. Anect-a yed'ra-d
imi nnernan yemdanen n yegduden nnid'en ay d-yettasen gher Kirgizistan, dgha nnig n Yirusiyen ay yebdan zeddghen tamurt-a
si lqern wis 19, asmi teghli s dd! a w n leh'kem arusi, rnan usan-d at'as n yemdanen nnid'en di tallit tasuvyatit, yernu merr'a
igduden-agi d tarusit ay llan sseqdacen-tt wagar-asen. D acu kan, seg wasmi ay tewwi Kirgizistan azarug-is di 1991, ar ass-a,
bdan ttanqasen Yirusiyen si Kirgizistan. Mbe‚d ma llan 22% seg yimezdaghen n Kirgizistan d Irusiyen di 1990, wwd'en di 2001
gher 15%, maca tazrirt-nsen (influence) mazal tedjhed, yernu tutlayt-nsen d yiwet si tutlayin idjehden akk di tmurt.
Uqbel ma ted'ra-d
Tegrawla Tarusit n 1917, tella tkirgizit ur tes‚i ula d yiwen n weghmis. Ma di 1983, tughal tkirgizit tes‚a 61 n yeghmisen
akk d 16 n tesghunin, am wakken ay d-ffghen 513 n yedlisen s tkirgizit deg useggas-nni. Kirgizistan tes‚a digh tiregwa n rr'adyu
akk d tilibizyu yettmeslayen s tkirgizit.
Amezruy :
Di lqern wis
8 ay d-tettwabder tkirgizit i tikkelt tamenzut deg umezruy, deg yiwet n tirawt (inscription) yuran s tt'erkit taqburt di Asya
Talemmast. Di tallit-nni, llan lejdud n Yikirgiziyen ttidiren di tama ta‚layant n wasif n Yenisey, deg ugafa n Mungulya, d
yiwet n tama ay d-yuzgan ass-a di Sibirya, yernu tira tit'erkiyin tiqburin ay d-ufan deg wemkan-nni qqaren-d yimassanen d
akken d nitni ay tent-yeddjan.
Asmi ay smeghren Yimunguliyen amenkud-nsen (Empire) yernu
kecmen gher wat'as n tmura ay rz'an negh rwin-tent, rewlen Yikirgiziyen s anz'ul, gher tama n yidurar n Tien Shan, d tama
i deg d-tuzga ass-a Kirgizistan. D acu kab, ula d tamurt-a ur temni‚ ara seg yegduden it'erkiyen akk d Yimunguliyen ay tt-id-ikecmen
ach'al d abrid yernu srewlen ah'ric seg Yikirgiziyen gher Turkestan (Sinkiang ay teh'kem Ccinwa ass-a). Xas ma yella di tlemmast
n lqern wis 18, tella Kirgizistan d ah'ric iteb‚en s yisem gher Ccinwa, maca tamurt-a tella tes‚a tilelli meqqren. Mbe‚d ma
tes‚edda Kirgizistan tallit wezzilen s ddaw n leh'kem n yegduden it'erkiyen n Asya Talemmast, teghli ger n yifassen n Umenkud
Arusi, d ayen ay yeddkan kra n yemsiwlen n tkirgizit ad rewlen gher Afghanistan akk d yidurar n Pamir. Assebded n Tdukli Tasuvyatit
yegla-d s ccwal meqqren imi ay refden Yikirgiziyen leslah' akken ad nnaghen ghef tlelli-nsen, d acu kan, ighil ay sxedmen
Yirusiyen mgal-nsen yessawed' at'as n Yikirgiziyen ad rewlen gher Ccinwa. Di 1919, tughal Kirgizistan d ah'ric si tegduda
tanemlayt (socialiste) tasuvyatit n Turkman, sakin, di 1936, tughal d tagduda i yiman-is, d yiwet si xmest'ac-nni n tegdudyin
n Tdukli Tasuvyatit. Deg wass n 31 Ghect n 1991, tughal Kirgizistan d tamurt timziregt, u tughal d tamaslad't (membre) di
Tmetti n Yiwunak Imzirgen (Communautt' des Etats Indt'pendants) ay d-yettusbedden mbe‚d ma teghli Tdukli Tasuvyatit.
Ah'ric meqqren
seg wed'ris-agi yettwakkes-d seg wemd'iq n :
http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/proflng.htm
Tasuqilt akk d uheggi n Hamid OUBAGHA d Nadir BOUAOUNI
Agemmay n tmazight
akken ay t-id-tessumer WAAC, i lmend n tira n tmazight di internet :
a ----- azul, argaz, amazigh
‚ ----- ‚iwen, cegge‚, a‚essas
b ----- baba, ibki, abuqal
c ----- acawi, uccen, taccuyt
d ----- dadda, tidet, udi
d'----- ad'u, id'elli, ad'ad
dj ---- afendjal,
taddjalt, tajeddjigt
e ----- enz, amenzu, kkes
f ----- tafat, uffal, ifires
g ----- agu, tagmart, amger
gh ---- ighi, imghi, ilelli
h ----- ahuddu, ahrawan, ahil
h' ---- tah'anut, ah'bib, ah'riq
i ----- iri, izimer, icimmi
j ----- ajerrid', ajemmid', ajellab
k ----- aksum, ikkil, ikerri
l ----- tilelli, tala, iles
m ----- tama, tament, amkan
n ----- annar, inighem, inisi
q ----- aqbayli, tuqqna, ameqqran
r ----- amrar, ifer, tiririt
r'
---- r'wu, takerr'ust, tar'umit
s ----- tasa, isem, tasusmi
s' ---- las'el, tibs'elt, afess'el
t ----- tata, tamdint, tamurt
tc ---- ettc, kettc, atcamar
t' ---- tit', t'umat'ic, aqent'ar
u ----- ulac, tuyat, udem
w ----- awal, wali, weltma
x ----- axxam, taxsayt,
tabexsist
y ----- yemma, amezruy, amayeg
z ----- azedgan, uzzal, izi
z' ----
az'idan, zz'el, iz'i
GM : agemmay-agi
ur yelli d asumer (proposition) n tiddukla-nnegh akken ad nbeddel agemmay-nni n tmazight amagnu (normal - agemmay agrigi-alatini)
ay nessexdam i tira n tutlayt-nnegh, wanag imi ur nezmir ara ad naru di internet isekkilen yes‚an izumal n ussemgerrad (lettres
diacritiques) akk d yisekkilen-nni igrigen (lettres grecques) yellan deg ugemmay amazigh, nessumer-d agemmay-agi akken ad
nefru, si le‚d'il (provisoirement) ugur-agi.
Win yeslan ad yini i wiyad'
Arut-agh-d, gret-d tamawin-nwen, neqqar l‚eslama i s kra
n tebrat ara d agh-d-yawd'en sghur-wen.
Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen
BP 129, Poste Didouche Mourad
16006,
Alger, Algt'rie
E-mail : imedyazen89@yahoo.fr
<<< Qqel Yer Ụṭ̣̣ṭ̣un
7 Ddu Yer Ụṭ̣̣ṭ̣un
9 >>>
Akk ụṭ̣̣ṭ̣unen
Qqel Yer usebter n umager


c: text/html

text:
Tag: Amiḍan
IneYmisen n tsenselkemt
G uzeṭṭa-nnes ametti, Facebook ika azref i ymzemmizzelen-nnes ad Yur-s srusen tiwlafin d iniẓriten, aya iwer-inn n yisnasen. Facebook isea (Yur-s) yuwen ugrudem n usihel n yisnasen API
Read More
IneYmisen n tsenselkemt
Ass n 7 g mars 2012, tuwey teṛmist Tafransist VUPEN atig amezwaru g tḍuri n iminig-Yef-web n tunigt Chrome. G tusdidin-nnes timezwura, tssaY Google Chrome g 5 n
Read More
IneYmisen n tsenselkemt
G yiḍsggwas arumi,ssafeYen-d ikennaden isefka n 700 n umiḍan g Facebook. Isefka g llant tansiwin d iwaliwen n uzerruy. Maka aya ur yumiẓ Yas imiḍanen n Inegliziyen: Ikennaden
Read More
IneYmisen n tsenselkemt
TaYul tukkerḍa g ugratsa da ttaley kigan s yiwes n izeṭṭaten imettiten. Aya illewa-d g tmazirt n Newcastle g Nnegliz (UK) g ilkem yuwen ukennad ad yasey tizi
Read More
Izeṭṭaten Imettiten
Tiyyiriwin-a, g izeṭṭaten imettiten, aYulen ggudin izedayen irekkiẓen ikkaten ad asin isefka n imzemmizzelen n izeṭṭaten-a. Nger aYuyyi g umiḍan-nneY maka idrus mayd as-ikan taYeḍeft. Nenna hagg anssker
Read More
TaYellist
Ussan-a ggudin imessadren n lbankat iḍran g usayf n ixendallasen n yizenen. Nkern ixendallasen ssifḍen izenen iymessaderen ddaw tamust n lbanka ammid nttat ayd asen-ten-yuznen. G yizen, illa
Read More
Izeṭṭaten Imettiten
G uyddeY n uḍris nra ad awen-nn-nsnili yuwet txidist s ttisinem ayenna igen uffir g umiḍan-nnum g Facebook. Ussan-a, iselkem Facebook tansiwin d wuṭṭunen n tilifun iymaẓragen n
Read More
TaYellist
G-at ireflasen g izdayen Yef ttaklem is ur rkin? Issker BitDefender yuwet tzrawt Yef Facebook d Twitter, nna iskenen n wiss 97% n imzemmizzelen da ttaklen Yef uzday
Read More
IneYmisen n tsenselkemt
Axendelles, neY “Phishing” s Tnegliziyt iga-t yat takiknit nna sskern ittsen ixendallasen afad asin, smuttern d smersen tilYa tibaḍniyin n mdden mi mdin. Mara ad iss-afen, da ttasin
Read More

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


text:
Description
Regarder et Télécharger si vous voulez la partie trois du Nouveau Film tachlhit tlatig . Film Tachlhit tlatig 2018 volume 3 voir et telecharge Film Chleuh
film 2018
hmad ntamatabayt ntasa v2film tachlhit 2017 tadsafilm chleuhsaflam tachlhit
9adimafilm taghamtjadid tachlhit 2018 musicjadid aflam 2018film tachlhit andalab v2film tach
lhit 2019film tachlhit 2018 tadsatachlhit musicaflam tachlhit i9dimnfilm tachlhit tagmartfilm
amazigh l3rbi lhdajfilm chleuhs 2017film 2017
hmad ntamaboulmsaylfilm tachlhit a9dimfilm tachlhit
ochanljwad 2016, imghran 2016, tachtoukt 2016, souss music 2016, music souss 2016, fatima tachtoukt 2016, chlha souss, chlha, ljwad, assayss omarg, ljwad2016, oudaden, music chlha, ibninis, lajwad 2016, noujoum achtouken 2016, inrzaf, ibninis v2, achtouken 2016 tarwa lhaj belaid 2014, odaden, imghrane 2016, mohamed aznkd 2016, imghran 2016 jadid, hamid inerzaf, imghran, imghrane 2016, imghran 2016 jadid, assayss oumarg, tifouine souss,amarg fusion, dounia musique, ribab fusion, imghrane 2016 jadid, amarg fusion 2016, ljwad 2016, jadid ljwad 2016, imghran tandamt, amayno 2016, imghrane tandamt, ahmed amayno 2016, amarg, amarg fusion, inerzaf, hamid inerzaf 2016, imghrane, jadid imghran, groupe ljwad 2016, ait laman, ait laman 2016, tagropit, rachid itri 2016, tagropit cha3bi, tagropit souss 2016, rachid itri, souss music, tagroupit 2016 tagropite, arsmouk, arsmouk 2016, hassan arsmouk 2016, souss, ait laman 2016, chlha, hamid inerzaf, music souss 2016, ait laman cha3bi, ait l3ati, tagroupit,oudaden, oudaden 2016, hamid inerzaf 2016, amarg tachlhit, hamid inerzaf, imghran 2016, inerzaf, imghrane, imghran 2016 jadid, imghrane 2016, amarg, imghran, amarg tachlhit 2016, amarg amazigh 2016, ljwad 2016, jadid music tachlhit souss 2016, ljwad, ait laman 2016, imghran jadid, imghrane jadid 2016, amarg tachlhit jadid, salh lbacha 2016, amarrakchi houssine 2016, imghrane 2016 jadid, fatima tachtoukt, brahim assli, brahim ayssar, Laryach, oudaden, outaleb, salh lbacha, imghrane, houara, tamrrakchit, tihihit, ait laman, ait l3ati, l3owad ihahan, tachlhit, amarg, imurig, amrrakchi, mp33 souss, izenkad n tarrast 2016, Raissa Jennifer Grout 2016, Hassan Arsmouk 2016, Archache,Amazigh, Chleuh, Amazigh, Chansons gratuites de Amazigh, Cleuh Atlas gratuit , album de Chalha , video clip de Amazigh , Nouveautés de Amazigh News, DOWNLOAD free mp33 , Paroles de Amazigh , ecouter Amazigh , FaceBook Amazigh , in mediafire Amazigh gratuitement , Telecharger mp33 Amazigh , laryach 2016, Hamid Inerzaf 2016, Mhamed Lahbab, Naima Bent Oudaden 2016, Lahcen Bizenkad 2016, archach 2016, amoud oudaden, Houssine Ait Baamrane 2016, amarg zik, jadid, top, music, tachlhit, amarg, imurig, amrrakchi, imghrane, imghran, brahim, asli, asseli, assli, 2016, 2016, Brahim Ayissar, Noura Lwltiti 2016 Brahim Ayissar 2016, Brahim ayssar, Brahim Aysar, mp33 souss, amezri, amarg, Ahwach, brahim ayissar mp33, fatima tachtoukt, brahim assli, brahim ayssar, Laryach, oudaden, outaleb, salh lbacha, imghrane, houara, tamrrakchit, tihihit, ait laman, ait l3ati, l3owad ihahan, tachlhit, amarg, imurig, amrrakchi, mp33 souss, izenkad n tarrast 2016, Raissa Jennifer Grout 2016, Hassan groupe islan paris Arsmouk 2016, Archache,Amazigh, Chleuh, Amazigh, Chansons gratuites de Amazigh Cleuh Atlas gratuit , album de Chalha , video clip de Amazigh , Nouveautés de Amazigh News , DOWNLOAD free mp33 , Paroles de Amazigh , ecouter Amazigh , FaceBook Amazigh , in mediafire Amazigh gratuitement , Telecharger mp33 Amazigh , laryach 2016, Hamid Inerzaf 2016, Mhamed Lahbab, Naima Bent Oudaden 2016, Lahcen Bizenkad 2016, archach 2016, amoud oudaden, Houssine Ait Baamrane 2016
groupe el hanane groupe lahbab orchestre houcine agadir noujoum achtouken groupe ahmed izenkad ahmed izenkad dounia paris brahim el hanane tiznit agadir groupe chleuh orchestre marocain orchestre cheleuh tachlhite agadir groupe marocain a paris soirée cheleuh
Amayno 2018 tlatig Film Tachelhite.


text:
Azul istma, aytma,
Tazlgha n imaratn s tmazight "Tirra" rad tsnmili yan igiwr n tusna f tirra n ungal s tmazight: Amdya "IgDaD n wihran" n mass lahoucine Bouyaaqoubi Anir.
rad yaws gh unmuqqar ad:
Mass Abdelwahab Bouchtart lli rad ifk yan usmmaql f ungal gh tmazight s umata.
Mass Mohamed AkunaD lli rad isawl f wakud d udghar gh ungal n "igDaD n wihran".
Mass Lahcen Zahour lli rad isawl f aSaDn d udmawn gh ungal n"igDaD n wihran".
Mass Mohamed Oussous lli rad isawl f tmukrist n uzwag d tmagit d umyalkam n tghrmiwin gh ungal n "igDaD n wihran".
Mklli rad yili umsawal d bab n ungal ad nit lli rad iHaDr Mass Anir Bouyaàqoubi Lahoucine.
Anmuqqar ad rad yili gh umSRi n usalay amazigh gh ugadir ass n 21 ghuct (Aout) 2010 gh tizi n 21h30.


text:
{{Amiẓur ( Bgayet )}}
{{Ttwaṭfen sin yemcumen ma akken iɛerḍen ad akkren taqcict}}
Iḍelli tameddit krad n yemcumen ɛerḍen ad akkren yiwet n teqcict di temdint n Amiẓur di twilayt n Bgayet.
Taqcict-agi n 16 n iseggasen d tudert-is teɣɣar di tesnawit. Taqcict-agi tbedd deg wamkan anida tettraju ttawil n usiweḍ akken ad ttuɣal s axxam-is. Immer zedmen krad n yemcumen fell-as akken ad ttxeḍfen. Ammer mačči s lemɛawna n warraw n tfamilt tili wwintt. Sin seg yemcumen agi ttwaṭfen sɣur iǧadarmiyen, ma yella d wis krad mazal ttnadin fella-s s anida yeffer.
C.W.


text:
Imura n umezruy nneɣ
Yeḍbaɛ* s ufus d amusnaw
Seg uẓar win seg-i id-iffeɣ
S iglezyam* wid t-igezmen
Hiruduṭ* ar Ibn Xaldun
Tiɣri n umaziɣ tedda
Irgazen deg umezruy bennun*
S lkuraj terna tmara
Teggra-d tura gar-aneɣ
Cfut ay arrac cfut
Alqaf d-iɣlin d ayla nneɣ
Γurwat ad teṛmel tatut
Dda Lmulud iqɛed-itt
Arraw-is gan-as leqṛar*
Zzman ass-a yessaɣ-itt*
Di temdinin d izuɣar
Cfut ay arrac cfut
D ccetwa i k-d-ifkan aman
Leqrar d laman
D adfel gersen ɣef wedrar
Tafsut teẓɣel-ak amkan
Tga-ak leḥsan
S yiṭij-ik i d a k-izwar
Tegmiḍ tcebbḥeḍ leǧnan
Amgud* n ṛṛemman
Itwennes yid-k yurar
Ay ajeǧǧig yennernan
Eeceq-k wid iɣran
Ẓran leqder-ik yufrar*
Fell-ak ifrax ay cnan
Awalen sefran*
Γas tira tadwatt* temmar
D ul-iw i k-id-imektan
S ussirem d leḥzan
Acḥal teffreḍ di lesrar*
Wagi i d amud n isefra yerran tajmilt i umusnaw Ibn Xaldun yuran amezruy nneɣ ak d wiyaḍ merra i d-yewwin tamusni akken amaḍal sumata ad yaẓ, ad yeddu ar zzat. Ihi, d imdanen am wigi ara nɛaned akken ula d nekkni a d-neffeɣ si tcerkett i deg nella acḥal uya. Imi amezruy nneɣ nestehza deg-s, tutlayt nneɣ diɣen nerra-tt ar ṭṭer armi ass-a neqqim deg tlemmast n ubrid. Nettmenni agdud nneɣ ad yendekwal u ad yeddu ar zzat am netta am wiyaḍ.
Zik, deg iseggasen nni n leḥrs d lbaṭel id-yesseɣli uḍabu n tegrawt n Ujda, xilla deg-neɣ neɣra kan Charles André Julien, Eugen Guernier, Stefan Gssel, atg. Ur neẓra ara belli Mmi-s Uxeldun yura qus n idlisen af umezruy nneɣ. Ihi, s wayagi izukar d uḍabu ur zmiren ara ad-neṭqen, ad qejjmen akken ak-ini belli “d irumyen i yura ayagi akken ad ferqen agdud azayri”. Acku di tallit n Bumedyen akk-a aɣ-d-qqaren izukar n Lzayer akken aɣ-sfeclen, aɣ-erẓen. 4 idlisen agi i yura Mmi-s n Uxeldun ala ayen yelhan id-inna af Imaziɣen sumat. Tanmirt-is ihi !
Lemɛani n ddunit
Tura yewweḍ-d lawan akken ad tsemmim meṛṛa i tarwa nnewen s yismawen nneɣ n imaziɣen. Ifuk tura wasmi akken imdanen gnen am ulli ! Ur d-ttmeslayeɣ ara af widak i yenzan “am akaren deg ssuq”. Ttemmeslayeɣ-d af kunwi i yeqqaren, yettwalin aẓeṭṭa , yekcem lḥir d weɣbel af tagara nneɣ sumata. Acku, ur tettut ara , maca ma tegnem acengu aɛrav -ineslem netta yelha-d yid-neɣ akken aɣ-yerr d netta.
Acimi? Acku akka is-yeshel ! A nuɣal d netta yernu tamurt ad tt-yerr d ayla-s. Ihi, tura beddet af yiman nnwen : tutlayt nneɣ, ttagi kan i si ara tessawalem anida tellam, zzat n win yebɣu yili, ma ɛadik ma gar ignawiyen.
Ad-iniɣ awal af imerkantiyen i yessexdamen amma di lɣerva neɣ di tmurt : Ur sen-ssawalet ara s tzikert nnsen ! Mi tebbucim axeddam zwiret seg widak yettmeslayen tutlayt nneɣ. D wigi i yzewwer lḥal akken a sen-tefkem aɣrum.
Muqlet kan: Aqvayli ma ur issin ara taɛravt werǧin at-yebbuci iziker deg umekkan. Nutni ma ur tessineḍ ara tagnawit nnsen, ula d abrid ulac win ara k-t-iɛeggenen. Ihi akwit ula d kunwi u muqlet amek i selken iman nnsen Ibaskiwen d Ikatalinen n Spaniya. Atg ula d Iflamaniyen ula d nutni sɛaddan lḥerss af tutlat nnsen.
Tanmirt nwen sumata !
* Isefra yagi d wid n gmatneɣ Mas Yehya Yanes i yellan deg udils ines iwumi isemma : “tumucuha n tmennadt Iqvayliyen deg tferrett 14 d 15.
Amawal:
yeḍbaɛ: frappélegaliser
iglezyam: pioches
Hiruduṭ: Herodote, savant grec
Ibn Khaldoun: Mmmi-s n Uxeldun
bennun: batissent
leqṛar: avenir
yessaɣ: semer, qui pousse
teẓɣel: chauffée.
tadwatt: encrier
amgud: jeune verger. Qui commence à de donner des fruits.
yufrar: au dessus de…à la surface
sefran: en poésie
lesrar: les honneurs
qus: quatre
aẓeṭṭa: la toile, le net.


text:
Zineddin Lyazid Zidan
Zineddin Lyazid Zidan, qqaren-as daɣen Zizu, d amarir n takurt uḍar n Franṣa i d-ifrurxen si yiwet n twacult tadzayrit taqbaylit i yellan d iminigen (iɣriben). Ilul ass n 23 yunyu 1972 di La Castellane i d-yezgan di tɣiwant n Marseille ddaw n Franṣa af yiri n ilel agrakal.
Zidan yuɣ Véronique Lentisco, yesɛa yid-s 4 n yuqrar: Enzo, Luca, Théo d Elyaz.
Imuzzag (spécialistes) n waddal, qqaren-d Zineddin Zidan illa ger imurar ifazen nezzeh di yal akud, netta d Pelé Diego Maradona d Michel Platini. D anaddal amezwaru iḥemlen ifranṣiyen deg useggas n 2006. Kraḍ (3) iberdan i ttuferen d amarir lemxiyer amezwaru n umaḍal sɣur tiddukla tagreɣlant n takurt uḍar (FIFA) deg iseggasen 1998, 2000, d 2003. Daɣen yewwi Takurt Ureɣ (ballon d'or) deg 1998. Aɣmis 'France-Football' iferni-t snat n tikkwal d amarir wis sin ifazen ger imurar n Fransa di yal akud.
Deg uswir agraɣlan, iban-ed s tarenawt d taɣlamt (tarbaɛt) n Fransa s teqbuct umaḍal n 1998, akk d tilɣuɣa n umenzaw n Turuft (Championnat d'Europe) di 2000. Deg 2003 iḥbes urar akk d tarbaɛt n Fransa. Aseggas seld (2004) yuɣal-ed, lamaɛna ass n 25 ibrir 2006 inna-d mi ara tekfu tiluɣa umaḍal n 2006, ad yeḥbes s wudem unṣib. Dayen i d-yellan, mi tekfa kan tagara n tiluɣa agi, yeṭṭef deg awal-is. Dɣa di tagara-agi, temlal tarbaɛt n Fransa d ttin n Ṭelyan, i yekfan s wayen i yettwasen Zidan ugar: tiyita uqarru mgal afna (adversaire) aṭelyani Marco Materazzi. Dayen iǧan anefray a s-yefk takarḍit tazegg°aɣt. Anecta mačči dayen ur t-iǧan ara ad yawi azwel n umarir ifazen deg umaḍal sɣur FIFA.
Agbur
Tazwara n Zineddin Zidan[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Zineddin Zidan, ilul di 'Marseille' u yettureba di 'La Castellane', imawlan-is Smaɛil d Malika, ussan-d si tmurt n leqbayel, si taddart Agemmun At Sliman id yezgan di Bgayet.
Zineddin Zidan izmel turagt tamezwarut ines deg 1982 ar taɣlamt n 'US Saint-Henri' ur ibaden ara si 'La Castellane'. Imiren yuɣal ar taɣlamt 'SO Septèmes-les-Vallons' anida yurar alama d 14 isegwasen di laɛmer-is. Di tagar n 1986 yebda urar akw d 'AS Cannes' sanda i-t-ibbwi Mas 'Jean Varraud'. Deg 1987, ikcem ar wamas uselmed n 'Cannes' s ddaw laɛnaya n umyurar aqbur 'Guy Lacombe'. Illa izdeɣ ar yiwet n twacult 'les Elineau'.Asmi isɛa 16 isegwasen, asleɣmay 'Jean Fernandez' iskecmit ar weḥric n usadar (professionnel). Ass n 20 mayu (semyur) 1989 ibda urar deg weḥric amezwaru n tiluɣa n Fransa, mgal 'FC Nantes', anda tturaren 'Marcel Desailly' d 'Didier Deschamps' deg akud nni. Deg 1991 igga iswi ines amezwaru mgal daɣen 'FC Nantes'. Aselway n taɣlamt agi, Mas 'Alain Pedretti', ifka-yas takarust 'Peugeot 205' ttazegaɣt ilmend n yiswi agi, imi yahdit s waya asmi a yeg iswi ines amezwaru. Taɣlamt n 'FC Cannes' tekcem di teqbuct n Urub (UEFA), dɣa ibda a yetturar deg aswir agreɣlan. Lamaana asegwas nni id yernan, 'FC Cannes' t ṣub ar weswir wis 2. Dayen yeǧǧan Zidan ad iruh ar taɣlamt n 'Bordeaux' deg unebdu n 1992.
Iseggasen n Bordeaux[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg 1992 i skecmit uselaɣmay Rolland Courbis ar taɣlamt n 'Girondins de Bordeaux' anda yuɣal yetturar ak° d sin imurar i yuɣalen ar zdat d imeddakil-is di taɣlamt n Franṣa. Wigi d Christophe Dugarry d Bixente Lizarazu. Deg useggas ines amezwaru ar Bordeaux, Zidan iga mraw (10) iswiyen. Deg 1996 yurar tagara n teqbuct n UEFA mgal taɣlamt n 'Bayern Munich' anda xeṣren 'Les Girondins de Bordeaux' snat n tikwal: 0-2 d 1-3, ɣas ulama yufad lḥal sufɣen taɣlamt n 'Milan AC' deg tafquẓt n tagara (1/4 de final). Di teqbuct agi dɣa, wid iḥemlen takurt uḍar, ufan di Zidan d Anaẓur neṣeḥ ay san imal igerzen.
Qqaren belli uqbel ad ikcem Zidan ar taɣlamt n Franṣa, aselaɣmay n taɣlamt n Lezzayer n imiren Abdelḥamid Kermali ur tiqbil ara, imi aken id yenna: aqcic n 'la Castellane', ur ittazal ara mliḥ. Ass n 17 ɣuct 1994 ikcem i tikelt tamezwarut ar taɣlamt n Franṣa mgal n taɣlamt n tigduda n Ček. Ikcem di dqiqa 63 anda yufad lḥal Franṣa texṣer s sin ar wulac (2-0). Imi id ikecem Zidan, iga sin iswiyen, ɣas aken qrib asegwas aken ad yuɣal d amsaddu (titulaire). Armi d 1995, ilmend isfalen n 'Euro 1996', i yerra weslaɣmay 'Aimé Jacquet' Zidan d amarir amenzawi (meneur de jeu).
Zidan ar Juventus[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg 1996, mi tekfa tagara n teqbuct n UEFA anda xeṣren 'les Girondins de Bordeaux', Zidan i zmel akw d taɣlamt imucaɛen Juventus n Turin i yellan d taɣlamt n umarir aqbur Michel Platini. Anecta illa-d s suma n 35 ifad n Frankiten. Yuɣal ihi yetturar akw d Didier Deschamps s ddaw uselaɣmay
Marcello Lippi. Taqbuct n 'Euro 96' ur tɛedda ara akken i wulen i Zidan imi yuffad lḥal yeɛya deg useggas nni yezrin ak° d 'les Girondins de Bordeaux'. Yernu ixdem yiwet n laksida uqbel taqbuct agi.
Aseggas amezwaru ar Juventus iweɛr-as, send akin yuɣal ifaz nezzeh. Aṭas i tittwalin ad iruḥ ar zdat s waṭas. Akw d Juventus yebbwi aṭas n yizwal: snat n teqbucin n 'scudetti' deg 1997 akw d 1998, yiwet n teqbuct 'Super' n Ṭelyan deg 1997, yiwet n teqbuct 'Super' n Turuft deg 1996, akw d yiwet n teqbuct 'intercontinentale' deg 1996. Lamaɛna ur yerbiḥ ara tiluɣa n Champion League snat n tikwal (1997 akw d 1998).Ahat taki ger tisebiwin i t-yeǧǧan ad iruḥ ar taɣlamt n 'Real Madrid'.
Zidan ar 'Real Madrid'[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg yulyu 2001, taɣlamt n 'Real Madrid' tewed ad tezmel Zidan s suma n 77 ifad n 'Euros', dayen ur nella ara uqbel deg umezruy n takurt uḍar. Isegasen imezwura n Madrid, yewi azwel n tiluɣa n Sbenyul akw d tiluɣa n 'Champion League' ines tamezwarut. Dɣa si tmurt n Sbenyul iga Zidan iswiyen ines icebḥen nezzeh di tuddert-is n umarir.
Tirza n Zidan ar tmurt n lejdud-is[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
I tikelt tamezwarut, seg mi yella d amarir, yerza Zidan ar tmurt n imawlan-is akd d lejdud-is di Dujanbir 2006. Din yemlal di mdebren n tmurt u iruh ar Taddart Agemune At Sliman, anda imezdaɣ-is qublen-t-id s lferḥ amuqran. Fi tarza yagi anazur n cna Yidir idda yides.
Iṭṭuqet wawal af tirza n Zidan ar tmurt n lejdud-is ama di tilizriwat, radyuwat, iɣmisen akw d ismal n uzeṭa n Internet. Ama di tmura n tefriqt ugafa (Tamazɣa), ama di Franṣa, ama deg waṭas n tmura umaḍal. Ar leqbayel, llan wid iferḥen s tirza ines, akken llan wid ur nefriḥ, imi qaren belli tella degs tsertit neɣ ayen umi neqqar s tutlayt tafranṣiṣt 'la récupération'. Deg umedya atnan sin imagraden iwen tferneɣ: amezwaru seg uɣmis Izuran, deg wuṭun wis 14 ines, wis sin seg wesmel n tsekla imyura.net.
1. Tirza n Zidane ɣer Lezzayer, ger usirem d tuccda ...
Zinedine Zidane yerza-d ɣer tmurt n lejdud-is, iẓur kra n temnaḍin n Lezzayer ɣef teɣzi n 5 wussan. S laɛraḍa n uselway n Tigduda. Izzayriyen s tuget deg-sen, amur ameqqran d ilmeẓyen, ttmeslayen deg ussan-agi iɛeddan ḥala ɣef tirza n mmis n Teqbaylit, Zizu...
D acu yella-n d amaynut mi ara d-yass yiwen ad izuṛ tamurt anda lulen imawlan-is ? D ayen ur ilaq maḍi ad yili wawal fell-as, acku d azref n yal amdan yellan beṛṛa n tmurt-is neɣ n tmurt n lejdud-is.
S tidet, maca wagi mačči d menwala, d yiwen uzamul n ddabex n ddunit meṛṛa. ɣef aya i d-yella qal u qal ɣef tirza-agi.
Tamawt tamenzut : Zizu yezmer ad d-yas ad izuṛ Lezzayer d taddart Agemmun s wudeM niḍen mačči alamma inced-it-id uselway n Lezzayer. Acku, ɣas akken Zidane yenna-d deg temlilit-is sdat ineɣmasen “nekk d anadal, ur d-ceɣleɣ ara di tsertit”, maca Zizu ahat ur yeḥṣi ara wid t-id-inecden d tasertit i tafellaḥt-nsen, mačči d addal iten-iceɣben...
Tamawt tis snat : Mi testeqsan ineɣmasen ɣef amek yettwali tamsalt n tmaziɣt di tmurt, yerra-yas-d “ ur d-usiɣ ara ad meslayeɣ ɣef tsertit”...
Tamawt tis krad : Yiwen umdan yecban Zidane, yettwassen deg umaḍal meṛṛa, yesɛa tadrimt, aṭas n wayen i yezmer ad t-yexdem i warraw n tmurt-is (tamnaḍt n Leqbayel), maca...
Tamawt tis kuẓ : taddart n Ugemmun tfeǧǧeǧ, walan-tt imḍebren ɣef teɣzi n kra n wussan. Simmal ara ad yass Zizu, tirza n teswiɛt, syin yekfa ṭṭbel, yefra wurar, iɣublan n Ugemmun ad uɣalen akken llan. Yiwen n yimḍeber ur yettuɣal ad iwali taddart n ... Zizu.
Nesla aṭas n yilmeẓyen i ɣ-d-yennan acimi Zidane ur d-yenni yiwen wawal ass mi ḍrant tedyanin n Tefsut taberkant, ass mi ɣlin yilmeẓyen. Ula d ibeṛṛaniyen fkan-d tamuɣli-nsen, lḥan deg yiberdan n Fransa ɣer yidis n temnaḍt n Leqbayel (s yisem n izerfan n umdan), wanag netta yiwen ur t-iwala... di tegnitt-nni.
Amdan aɣerfan, ḥemlen meṛṛa meddden, ama d afennan, anaddal, asertan, bɣan ad twalin lɣaci deg teswiɛin iwulmen...
Tettili-d tuccḍa mi ara yiwen ur yefhim ara kra n temsal deg unnar n tsertit. Neyya yellan ɣer Zidane ulac-itt ɣer udabu-nneɣ. Acku seg wass-mi yella di leḥkem, netta ixeddem di tikkerkas...
Ma yecceḍ Zidane di tirza-ines, acimi yiwen ur s-imli ayen yeffren ? Ulamma yewwi-d yid-s yiwen ucennay yessnen timsal yecban tigi. Wagi d Yidir... ahat iɛemmed di tuccḍa neɣ icceḍ ula d netta ?
2. Tisusaf mači d-aman kan, rregmat mači d-awal kan.
Imi deqs n tmeslayt d-illan ɣef umyurar Zidan ussan-a, a d-nernu ula d nekni tin nneɣ s tayi nneɣ. Imi ula d nettat d-tinzert issefk ad iḥadd wumdan s wayen umi yezmer.
Ihi d-tidett, tisusaf mači d-aman kan, rregmat mači d-awal kan.
Aya ahat dayen i d-yugem umyurar „Zidane“ seg idles n imawlan-is. ɣef aya i yefka d-asfel taqbuct n umaḍal n tcirett uḍar, yefka tt d-asfel i tinzert.
Aḍra tura ma d-tidett tinzert mači d-awal kan. Amedyaz iqqaṛ: „tinzert d-ayla“ Ayla n weqbayli d-tutlayt n imawlan-is, d-idles n imawlan-is, win seg d-suddmen ttṛebya, asegmi nni s wayes t ssegman armi meqqeṛ.
Aselway n udabu imsehres n lezzayer, Bouteflika, iɛreḍ it-id. Yyaɣ a-k-id-ɛerḍeɣ ar wexxam-ik. Tayi d-tajḍiṭ !!!! Aselway n udabu ireggmen akk tiyimmatin tiqbayliyin seg wass mi tefra ar ass-a. Nɣan, ɛeyyben, ṛzan…atg Zidan, ma yella, iger ar ɣur-sen, d acmat ad icmet iman-is. Ma yebɣa ad iqqim d-aziḍan ar wayla-s deg umezruy, ad iṛuḥ ar tmurt-is war ma iger irebbi i wid ɣ ireggmen, i wid ireggmen imawlan-is, ireggmen imawlan n imawlan-is.
Iqbayliyen tewwi ten tinzert fkan afud i Zidan. Tura kan i jbiɣ ar yiwen unmager iṛumaniyen illan reggmen deg umyurar aqbayli, qqaṛen as “akka i d-aɛṛaben, d-tiyiti kan i ssnen !” Imi i sen nniɣ dacu-t Zidan, d-acu-t idles ines, d-acu teswa tinzert ar ɣur-s. Seg mi d-nniɣ aya, akken ma llan wid d-irnan iznan deffir-i ttḥaddan amyurar aqbayli, ttḥaddan iqbaylien. Aya d-amedya dakken Zidan nusr-it, nḥwaǧ-it, diɣen yuḥwaǧ-aɣ.
Aqbayli yuḥwaǧ gma-s.
Tura a t nṛaju deg ugwni n truggza, deg ugwni n tinzert nni i t iwwin ad iḥadd tezdeg n yemma-s d weltma-s. Tura iqqim-d ad iḥadd yemma-s, ur ittak ara afus i wid tt ireggmen seg zik akken reggmen akk tiyimmatin nneɣ.
Atan ihi ɣur-wen usaru n tdiwennit iga Zidan i canal +, anda i s inna i uneɣmas nni : "rregmat mači d-awal kan !!"


text:
Hmed Umerri,
«Azamul n tirrugza»
Tadiwwennit sghur: Dalila OMARUC, tira d useggem n wedvris sghur: massa Benoacur Karima d mass Benoacur Zapir (bgayet)
Yat n tallit tesoa imdanen is id d yettufraren di tmetti, ama d argaz; ama d tamettudvt. Yal yiwen d acu n temsalt negh n cghel ityettadjan ad yecfu fellas umezruy. Ass a ad d nemmekti yiwen n wergaz id yezdin lpiba, leqder, lherma d tirrugza, gher yisem is. Wagi d gmat negh, Hmed Umerri.
I-Tameddurt n Hmed Umerri :
Awal ara ad nawi fellas d ayen id nelqed sghur twacult is akk d wid it iqerben deg taddartis: ghef wakken id agh d nnan, ilul ass n 11 di Furar 1911 di taddart n At jima, taghiwant n At Buwaddu. Isem is n tidett: Beloidi Hmed. Wannag Umerri, d isem amectuh n babas (akken nniden: le prènom de son pére).
Yemma s d Mesouda n twacult n At Hemmu, yengha tt loesker n Fransa ghef sebba n Hmed Umerri. Tamettudvt temmut s ufus n wid it yeznuzun gher loesker n Fransa. Mesouda tesoa sin n watmaten is, yiwen degsen yettwangha deg wseggas n 1953, imi mazal sin n wagguren kan uqbel ad hazen Hmed Umerri. Attvas inudan fellas akken ad at id ttvfen, maca imi ur t ufin ara di tegnitt dgha rran ttar di twacult is, imi nghan yemma s d gma s akk d tmettudvt n oemmis.
Hamum ldjuher negh ldjuher n mhat Hemmu d tamettudvt n Hmed Umerri. Mazal itt tedder ar ass a. Tesssawedv 84 n yiseggasen deg tudert is, tessoedda temzvi s deg lhif d tudjla. Trebba d snat n tehdayin, tid id as d yedja Hmed Umerri. Tamenzut qqaren as: Dapbeyya, tesoa d 10 n warraw is, azal n 65 n iseggasen deg tudert is. Ma tis snat, ssawalen as: Fadma.Tedja d daghen tis tlata, maca temmut akken d tamectuht. Yegga tt id babas deg oebbudv n yemma s.
Lihala n twacult agi ghef wamek i tebda, tcuba attvas tin n twacult n umeghras nnidven: Parun Muhemmed. Acku i sin yidsen, mmuten s leghder, djan d tamettudvt d snat n tehdayin wer ttmana n tudert negh n temoict. Ur yelli kra itent id isapen sghur udabu, di tudert nnsent n yal ass.
Amennugh n Hmed Umerri d Fransa yebda weqbel tagrawla n 1954. Seg wakken yekcem loesker n Fransa, acku seg wakken oerdven at id ttvfen, ur ad as zmiren. Ipi Fransa twekkel kra seg igumiyen n At Buwaddu.Tenna yasen: ma yella win izemren ad agh t id yettvef, d netta ara yughalen d lqayed ghef iwadiyen. Fghen d ula seg yeqriben is, ttnadin fellas akken at id ttv fen, negh ad t nghen iwakken ad ttvfen leqyada deg iwadiyen.
Hmed Umerri, ghef wakken yettwasen umennugh is ama di loerc is negh anda nnidven, iodawen is d irumiyen, werdjin yecced gher Leqbayel. Yella d win yettoawanen imeghban. Ass mi id ffghen wid yettnadin ghef tmettant is, yughal s kra n win id ibeggnen iman is, yezwar deg wqerruyis.
Ameghras a, d win ur nhemmel lbattvel negh tamheqqranit. Ma ara ad yini awal ur yettughal ara degs. Tugdi werdjin tezdegh ul is d wallagh is. S wafud d ljepd yetcuren ul is, I yettal kra win yellan d ameghbun, yehqer umerkanti ifkan tacdat n lherna d tirrugza i wrumi. Yella d talaba n laman d loezz i wid i t yuhdajen.
Ticki yeqsed bab n ssoya, yettruhu ghur-as s webrid n laoqel d leqder, i wakken ad at id yessuter deg wayen ilaqen. Dgha ma yella bab n wayla yegguma negh ur ibgha ara, imiren i yessexdam Hmed Umerri ddreo. Ghef waya id d wwint fellas, twadiyin yiwen ucewwiq. Degs d awal ghef yiwet n tedyant i yexdem di Lareboa n iheddaden. Tihdayin deg wcewwiq qqarent:
Kenwi a yiwadiyen
Hmed Umerri d izem
Idvper iyi iruh s zzoaf
Gher lareboa n iheddaden
Mi is yenna awi d amelyun
Ibedd s ibeddi yewpem
Lukan mantci d ccix is
Ala ccpada is d yeqqimen
Fransa tefka leqyada i wid yeddan yides. Seg wid yettnadin ghef Hmed Umerri, ssulin d yiwen n lqayed ghef iwadiyen.Yiwen n wass yejba d fellas Hmed Umerri gher wanda ixeddem, yenna-yas: « Attan yiwet n tadjalt deg yighil imula tesoa xemsa n tehdayin mezziyit, yerna d tagujilt. Ghu -k si loid ar loid, ad as tawid aqentvar n wewren akk d wufrik, negh ad oapdegh rebbi ar ad ioeddi rsas iw dgek.».
Lqayed yerra yas d: «Ammer d lebghi ur xdimegh ayen i ghef ara agh tenghed, ma d iodawen ik, ad ak ten d mmlegh yiwen, yiwen. Llan wiggad ik d yeznuzun oecrin iseggasen aya.».
Ipi yemla yas d iodawen is merra anagar iman is. Oeddan wussan, lqayed nni ur yexdim ara ayen id as yenna Hmed Umerri, yerna iwalaten netta d gmas ass-mi rran iman nnsen d iseggaden, s leslah deg umadagh, fellas i yettnadin.
Yiwen n wass, Hmed Umerri yeqqim as d i lqayed deg webrid n umecras, yerja t din armi i d yewwedv. Yeffgh d ghures, yenna-yas:
«Yak tezvrid rsas iw ad ioeddi dgek, imi ur texdimed ara ayen ik d nnigh.»
Yessuter degs ad ikkes abernus is, syin yengha t menteq.
Imesduba n Fransa ighad iten lhal ghef wayen yexdem Hmed Umerri. I wakken ad as rren tajmilt i lqayed isen yemmuten, rran d gmas deg wemdiq is. Ass mi slan iwadiyen s yisali n usbeddi n lqayed amaynu, ugin t. Imesduba n Fransa, i wakken ad peddnen tagnitt, ruhen d gher imezdagh n iwadiyen, ad mmeslayen yidsen, dgha nnan asen:
«Nekkni amdan agi i yengha Hmed Umerri, attvas i yeoteb yidnegh, am netta, am gmas; Ipi ass a al agmas i yuklalen ad yettvf amkan is. Ma yella win i wumi ur yeodjib ara lhal, ad yeffegh seg wadiyen.»
Lqayed wis sin yettvef leqyada anagar i xemsa (5) n wussan, imi yettwangha ula d netta. Maca ur iban ara ma d Hmed Umerri i t yenghan negh d imezdagh n Iwadiyen.
Yiwen n wass Hmed Umerri, iruh gher umecras, netta d wemdakkel is: Arezqi n At Lhadj Wwden gher tala ugellid, Hmed Umerri yuzen Arezqi n At Lhadj gher umeddakl is nnidven, ma d netta yeqqim din; Yettraju t gher mara ad yughal. Dgha imiren, toedda d yiwet n tmettudvt, tteffr d ikerri, is d iruhen.Teoredv akken ad id tettvef, ur as tezmir ara. Ikerri yeqqim, yjeffel. Tamettudvt, tedoa, tenna yas:
-«Ruh, ad k d ifk rebbi Hmed Umerri.»
Netta, imiren yesla yas, Iqerreb d ghures, yenna yas:
-« A tamettudvt, i Hmed Umerri agi , itett izamaren, negh yekkat iten, negh amek isenixeddem?»
Tin terrayas-d:
-« Ala a mmi qqaren d d akken yezwer, ghef waya cukkegh anagar netta ara ay zemren i ykerri yagi.»
Hmed Umerri :
- «Ipi anef as, d nekk ara am t id ittvfen.»
Ger tedyanin i d as yedran, yiwet n tikkelt, yensa deg wexxam is, maca yettuzenz gher loesker n Fransa. Kkren onan-tt-id deg yidv. Qerben di krad (3) yidsen gher wexxam.Yiwen yuli yas d ghef ssqef, sin ghef yidisan n tewwurt. Imi mantci d win yewwi yidves, yesla i lheffa nnsen, ijbedd deg uzekrun n tewwurt s demmu ghef imenghi, yewwet sin nni yellan ghef yidisan n tewwurt, yengha ten, ma d win yellan deg ssqef, ihuza d Hmed Umerri deg tayett. Hmed Umerri isnesr d iman is syin, iruh gher yiwet n twacult anda yettdawa. D tamettudvt i wumi qqaren Saodiyya n weltoli deg iheddaden, taghiwant n Buwaddu, it yessujin. Tawacult n tmettat-a, d iodawen n Hmed Umerri, seg wid yettvfen leqyada fellas.
II-Tamettant n Hmed Umerri :
Deg 1953, ass mi mazal aseggas i wakken ad tebdu tegrawla n 54, Hmed Umerri yeghli d ger ifasen n Leghder, netta akk d wemdakkel is, Arezqi n At Lhadj. Ttwaoerdven gher imensi id heggan yemdukkal-nnsen, d iqriben n tidett n Hmed Umerri, gher yiwen n wemkan i wumi qqaren «At Bucnaca». Din i yettwangha s laman, ghef udebsi n seksu, deg waggur n yennayer. Ma d ameddakel is, Arezqi n At Lhadj, ufan t yettwangha di berra, deg yiwet n lexla.
III-Isefra Yef Hmed Umerri:
Patan wayen tenna Depbiyya, yellis tamenzut n Hmed Umerri, s yisefra:
- I -
Oupdegh k a yaksum
Aksum ghef yemzel ikerri
Zlan t id ioezzunen
I Hmed d Muh d Urezqi
Ssan asen d tarakna
Mi id rnan lmandari
Yemma taozizt iw yemma
Lhbab iw glan yessi
- II -
Ketcini a Hmed Umerri
Itbir trebba tghurfett
Tghad iyi tmeghelt inek
Mi truh tbeddel tayett
D lehbab ik ik yenghan
Matci d tabenoemmett
- III -
Ata wul iw la yettnuj
Si taddart igudj
Yebgha ad yeffegh d lmenfi
Nghan iyi lepdur n rkuz
Yeffegh d dgi lluz
A taddart ddan tt felli
A bab n usigna d roud
Menngh yi si lbarud
Nngh iyi lmut n rebbi
Isefra agi ghas wezzil iten maca atas n wayen id agh d ssefpamen ghef tmettant n Hmed Umerri d tallit deg yedder.
Tajmilt i kra n win isefran
Oef yizmawen d lbizan
Oas drus ayen id nenna
Ad nawi awal s lmizan
D tidett tban
Wemdan yesoan tirrugza
Ma yeggul jmaoliman
Ad bedden waman
Anebdu ad t yerr d ccetwa
Hmed Umerri
D bab as n imeghban
S leghder i yettwangha.


text:
Eemmar BENADOUDA mmi-s n Xalfa, ilul ass n 17 Yulyu 1931deg Ḥarbil.
Yezdeɣ akked twacult-is di taggara n useggas 1937 deg uṭun 27 n ubrid Darwin, axxam iwumi qqaren Fortunee ( qbel aya, tawacult-is tezdeɣ di Lqesba akked Belcourt ).
Yeɣra mass BENADOUDA di tesnawit Gauthiern n Lezzayer tamaneɣt, ticki ikemmel deg uɣerbaz alemmas atrar n Champs de ManœuYres anda i yewwi akayad n Baccalauréat ɣef snat tikkal, tamenzut di 1951, tis snat di 1952.
Deg tallit-a, yella yakan d Amnir di terbaet Ageldun Xaled n Yiskutiyen Inselmen Izzayriyen ( Belcourt ).
Ikemmel tizrawin-is tielayanin ( Tujjya ) di MONTPELLIER si 1952 ar 1956 aseggas i deg yeṭṭef tiselwit n UGEMA ( Tiddukla Tamatut n Yinelmaden Inselmen Izzayriyen ) n temdint n Montpellier, i yeṭṭef yakan Muḥemmed KHEMISTI.
Di taggara n 1956, Mass BENADOUDA ad yeḥbes tizrawin-is akken ad iruḥ ar tmaneɣt Lezzayer, ticki ad yuɣal ar Fransa anda ara yekki di tseqqamut n FLN.
Taggara n 1957, yuɣal d amgensas n Usmil n Uzday akked Yimenɣi n FLN di Madrid u si 1958 ar 1960 d amgensas n GPRA ( Anabaḍ Ueḍil n Tigduda n Lezzayer ) akked imdebber n Tigezmi Tasdawant n FLN ar Lurup.
Yettuceyyee ar Tigduda Tafidiralit n Lalman di 1961anda yella yekki deg Terbaet Tafidiralt n FLN di 1961-1962.
Ad yuɣal ar Tezrawin n Tujjya di Lausanne deg useggas n 1961u ad d-yawi agerdas n Docteur di Tujjya.
Di tmunent, yefka aṭas i yiḥricen n baylek.
Yuɣal daɣen d Amejjay deg Ugnes n Tezmert Bouchenafa n Belcourt; ticki d Anemhal n Usuday Aɣelnaw n Tezmert si 1966 almi d 1970.
Di 1970, yeṭṭef tawuri n Unemhal n Tigawt tadawsant di Tneɣleft n Tezmert almi d 1977.
Deg yiwen umecwar, dda Eemmar yella seg wid yessulin Agezdu n Tdawsa n Leḥder akked Tamettit di Tidyut n Tujjya n Lezzayer Tamneɣt di 1972, d agezdu ara yeṭṭef Tanmehla-ynes almi d 1977.
Di 1985, tuli uswir-is ar Umaswaḍ Amatu n Tdawsa, qbel ad yettusers d Anemhal Amatu n Usuday Pasteur n Lezzayer (1986 – 1989).
Di taggara, yessuli tudert-is n twuri s Umaray Amatu n Tneɣleft n Tdawsa (1991 – 1993).
Di tudert-a tamerkantit, ur ntettu ara axeddim-is d amejjay ar yiman-is meḥsub yeldi waḥed-s, daɣen yella d Aeeggal deg Useqqamu n Tuddsa Tamaḍlant n Tezmert (1971 – 1973), daɣen yella d Docteur n Ttnefxa di tseddawit n Lausanne di 1975, nebla ma nettu aseggas 1971 ar 1974 i deg yella d Aselway n Tfidiralit Tazzayrit n Ddabex Uḍar.
Yessegra-tt BENADOUDA S testaɣt d argaz unnig n uwanek, anda temlal tassa d wi turew deg At Yeɛla imi yeṭṭef tiselwit n Usqamu Aɣerfan Aɣiwan (2007-2012) .


text:
Internet ed yigemmayen* niḍen
*agemmay : alphabet.
D iseggasen
ay-a seg wasmi ara ssutturent waṭas n tmura lḥeqq-nsent deg usseqdec n tira-nsent deg tirawt n yismawen n yideggen
(sites) n Internet, maca alama ay d aseggas-a ay yesteeṛef wudus (organisme) amarikani ay d-yelhan s way-a akk-n
ad ttusqedcent tira niḍen deg tansiwin (lladrisat) n Internet, menYir agemmay (alphabet) alatini . Tura, ismawen
n yideggen zemren ad ttwarun s lekmal-nsen s ḥdac n yigemmayen ed yinagrawen (systèmes) niḍen n tira am tira tihendiyin
ed tira ticinwatin.
Ass n letniyen (15 Tubeṛ), udus (organisme) amarikani amarikani ay d-yelhan ed tansiwin (lladrisat) n Internet
(Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers – Icann) ad yeereḍ ed yecriken-ines seg tmura niḍen,
ismawen n yinurar (noms de domaines) yettwarun s ḥdac n yinagrawen (systèmes) n tira, gar-asen tira n taeṛabt,
n tfarsit, n tcinwat taḥerfit (simple) ed tciwat tamensayt (traditionnelle), n trusit, n thendit, n tegrigit, n tkurit,
n teebrit, n tjapunit ed ttamulit.
Timeyyatin n yimelyunen n medden ay yesseqdacen tira-a zemren ad eerḍen, deg udeg (site) n ICANN, ad arun
tansiwin (lladrisat) n internet s tira-nsen akk-n ad sfeqden ma yella tteddunt. Zik, ICANN tella ur tqebbel ara ad ttwarunt
tansiwin n internet s lekmal-nsent s tira niḍen ma maci d agemmay (alphabet) alatini, dYa ala d aḥric amezwaru
n tansa ay yezmer bab-is ad tt-yaru s tira niḍen. Aḥric aneggaru, win umi qqaren ”isem n wenrar” (nom
de domaine), am ”.com” (i yideggen imzenziyen – sites commerciaux) neY ”.cn” i yideggen
icinwaten, Yef lemtel, yella yessefk Yef bab-is ad ten-yaru ala s 26-nni n yisekkilen (lḥuṛuf) n ugemmay
alatini imi d wid kan ay d isekkilen n tlugent (norme) n ASCII ay d-yettwagan deg yiseggasen n 1960. S way-a, win yettarun
s ugemmay asirili (cyrillique, am win yettarun s trusit), yezmer kan ad yaru aḥric
amezwaru n tansa-ines (adresse) s yisekkilen isiriliyen, maca ”.com” ad t-yaru s yisekkilen ilatiniyen. Win yettarun
s taeṛabt, zik, mi ara yaru tansa-ines, ad tira-nni n taeṛabt ad tteddunt seg uyeffus Yer uzelmaḍ,
ma d isem n wenrar (”.com” neY d ay-n niḍen) ad yettwaru seg uzelmaḍ Yer uyeffus. Maca tura,
ismawen n yideggen zemren ad ttwarun s lekmal-nsen s tira ur nelli d tilatiniyin. Aselway (président) n ICANN, Paul Twomey
yenna-d, deg udeg n wudus-a (site de l’organisme) belli ”ay-a ad yili d yiwen seg yibeddilen imeqranen akk ay
d-yeḍran deg Internet seg wasmi ay d-yennulfa”.
Γef leḥsab n ICANN, tira ay d-yettwafernen akk-n ad kecment deg ubeddel-a d tid n tmettiyin (communautés)
ay d-yerran lwelha-nsent u ssuttrent-d ad d-yili ubeddel-a. Deg useggas n 2000 ay fernen, deg ICANN akk-n ad steeṛfen
s tira niḍen ur nelli d tilatiniyin, maca uguren itekniyen (techniques) ed wuguren isertiyen (politiques) ay Yef
ur msefhament ara kra n tmura jjan ICANN ad teeṭṭel sebea n yiseggasen akk-n ad yeg abeddel-a.
Yagi, deg 2003, ICANN testeeṛef s ussekcem n tira ur nelli d tilatiniyin i lmend n tirawt n weḥric
amezwaru n yismawen n yideggen (sites). Gar way-a d way-n niḍen, azal n tnac n tmura, gar-asent Ccinwa, Rusya ed Kurya,
eyant seg uṛaji u snulfant-d i yiman-nsent tansiwin (lladrisat) s tira-nsent. Maca, seg tama niḍen, timura-a
llant bYant ur ttajjant ara ICANN ad yeḥkem deg tira-nsent, u ttwalint Iwunak Yeddukklen (Etats-Unis) d tamurt
iqehren akk timura niḍen deg wenrar n internet. D acu kan, ṛṛay ay ḍefrent tmura-a yegla-d s kra n
wuguren, imi ay d-snulfant isekkilen (lḥuṛuf) yellan yagi Yer ICANN maca sean azal niḍen.
« Ugar n 10 n yiseggasen ay-a seg wasmi ay as-nefka i uselway (président) n ICANN taknussna (technologie) akk-n
ad d-nesnulfu ismawen n yinurar (noms de domaines) s waṭas n yilsawen” ay d-yenna S. Subbiah i tYamsa (presse).
YuY lḥal, Subbiah d win ay d-yesnulfan yiwet seg tlugan (normes) timezwura i tirawt n tansiwin (lladrisat) n internet
s waṭas n yilsawen. ”Ma d netta, iṛuḥ am win ara aY-d-yeqqaren : ”aql-i ceYleY
aṭas, lemdet tanglizit””. Γef leḥsab n Subbiah, llan 138 n yimelyunen n yismawen n yinurar (noms
de domaines) deg ddunit, u sin n yimelyunen deg-sen ttwarun s tira ur nelli d tilatiniyin. Aselway amezwaru n ICANN, Mike
Roberts yesteeṛef belli udus-nsen (organisme) ieeṭṭel aṭas akk-n ad yeg abeddel-a u yenna-d
: ”Ijenyuṛen llan ttxemmimen lemmer ad d-nernu tira ur nelli d tilatiniyin, internet ad yerwi u ad d-ilin deg-s
wuguren”.
Maca yessefk daYen ad d-nger tamawt
belli llan wuguren isertiyen (politiques) ay yejjan abeddel-a ad ieeṭṭel. Kra n tmura ur qbilent ara ad yili
useklas (registre) amarikani VeriSign d netta ay d aseklas awḥid ara d-yelhun ed yismawen n yinirar yettfakan s ”.com”,
ladYa imi azgen seg yideggen (sites) n ddunit ttfakan yes-s. Timura ur msefhament ara daYen Yef temsalt niḍen
yemcubbaken, gar-asent d acu-t wudus (organisme) ara d-yelhun ed yideggen yettwagan s yilsawen ay yettusseqdacen deg waṭas
n tmura ? Lemmer ad d-yili ubeddel-a, zemrent ahat ad ilin kra n tmura ara yesjehden adras-nsent (censure) ? Yerna, amgerrad
(amxallaf) deg tira yezmer ad yejj kra ad akren idrimen s internet. Γef umedya (lemtel), Paypal d yiwen n udeg yettwassnen
i uxelleṣ̣ n tYawsiwin timecṭuḥin deg internet. Ssawḍen
kra ad d-gen yiwen n udeg am netta, maca n tkellax. Deg yisem-is, kifkif, maca ”a” ay yettusqedcen i tira n yiwen
n win-nni n tkellax ur yelli d win n ugemmay alatini wanag d win n ugemmay asirili (arusi), dYa d ay-a ay yejjan wid
ay d-igan win n tkellax ad akren yes-s idrimen s yisem n udeg-nni n tidet.
A.F.P.
Seg El Watan – 15 Tubeṛ
2007
SYur Samir Ben Djafar
Tasuqilt sYur Omar Mouffok


text:
Arrif
Arrif d tamnaḍt di ugafa n Umerruk, tessajja ɣef Yilel Agrakal, zeddɣen deg-s 3 imelyan n imezdaɣ.
Seg iɣerman imeqqranen i yellan di temnaḍt n Arrif Ameqqran ɣer-neɣ: Nnaḍur, Lḥusima, Miḍar, Targist, Azɣenɣan, Seřwan, Zayyu, berkan, Aearwi, Driwec, At Bueeyyac, kassita , Imzuren ed Ajdir
Idurar n Arrif udsen idurar n “Cordillera Bética” di Spenyul. Idurar n Arrif udsen maca ur qqinen ɣer idurar n Watlas. Gar-asen tella Taza. Iwdan yessawalen Tmaziɣt di Arrif qqaren i iman-nsen “Imaziɣen” niɣ “Irifiyen”, tutlayt-nsen qqaren as lebda “Tamaziɣt” maci "Tarifit". Iwdan n berra i Arrif d nitni i yeqqaren Tarifit.
Tiqbilin n Arrif[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Traditionally, the principal Riffian tribes of the region are:
- At Weryaɣel qrib n Ajdir ed Lhusima, di tama n Iɣzer Uɣis
- Igzennayen, di tama n Aknul, seg utaram n Ibḍalsen.
- Iqeleiyen (Iqeřɛiyen), di temnaṭ n Nnaḍur, At Nṣar ed Mlilt.
- Imaẓuẓen
- At Ciker (Ayt Cicer)
- At Sidal (Ayt Sidař)
- At Buyefrur
- At Buyafar
- Ikebdanen (Icebdanen), along the coast next to Wed Moulouya near the Algerian border.
- Ibḍalsen (Ibḍařsen), g wegmuḍ n At Buyeḥyi.
- At Sɛid, deg utaram seg Iɣzer n Kert .
- At Uliccek (Ayt Uřiccek), southwest of Temsaman.
- Tafersit, seg ugafa n At Tuzin
- At Tuzin, di wenẓul n Temsaman.
- Temsaman, di tama n temdint-nni.
- At Weryaɣel (Ayt Weryaɣeř) g wegmuḍ n Ibeqquyen
- At Ɛemmart, deg wenẓul n At Weryaɣel.
- Targist, southeast of At Weryaɣel.
- At Gmil, west of At Bufraḥ.
- At Bufraḥ, g wegmuḍ n At Yeṭṭeft.
- Ibeqquyen, deg utaram n At Weryaɣel.
- At Yeṭṭeft, g wegmuḍ n Bades.
- Imestasen, g wegmuḍ n At Bufraḥ.
- Imtiwen, gar Imestasen ed wasif n Uringa.
- At Buyeḥyi, on the western bank of the Moulouya.
- At Yeznasen, di tama n Berkan