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Deg 2008, Google iger-d Chrome, ayen i d-yeglan s waṭas deg usnulfu deg tetiknulujit n yiminig. Yella d arurad deg usali n yismal, yettwai drus n umkan daɣen yettmuddu-d agrudem n useqdac ur ǧǧin yella d afessas uqbel.
Ar tura, ibeddel wudem n temsizzelt gar yiminigen, ddeqs n yimdanen bdan steqsayen ɣef wayen i iḍerrun d yisefka-nsen deg uzeṭṭa am umazray n tunigin, awalen uffiren akked telɣa-nniḍen tibaḍniyin. Aṭas i ibeddlen seg 2008 mi d-ikcem Chrome ɣer wannar. Deg Firefox, nella iqeṛṛa d akessar, nxeddem akken ad nales afeṣṣel i ugrudem-nneɣ daɣen akken ad d-nmudd i yiseqdacen amḍan meqqren n usnerni deg tbaḍnit akked temlellit yellan d iwurmanen s wudem amezwer akked waṭas n yifecka n yiminig ilaqen.
Aql-aɣ da, ṭṭrad n yiminigen yuɣal-d daɣen yettali, d lawan n wallus n uktazal d userwes gar Firefox Browser d Google Chrome.
Taɣellist d Tabaḍnit
Di Firefox, nesɛa amḍan d amqqeran n iseqdacen iḥemmlen ayen nxeddem ɣef usnerni n tbaḍnit srid. Amedya, lqem aneggaru n Firefox yegber tamahilt s yisem n Ammesten mgal aḍfaṛ yettwaseǧehden (ETP), yermed s wudem amezwer i akk iseqdacen deg umaḍal. ETP yessewḥal ugar n 2,000 ineḍfaren, ula d ineḍfaṛen n iẓeḍwa imettanen am Facebook, Twitter, akked LinkedIn. Yesɛa daɣen tamahilt tusliɣt s yisem Firefox Monitor ara k-id issawḍen isalli s wudem awurman ma yella awal-ik uffir tḥuza-t trewla n yisefka neɣ ma yesra ad yettusnifel. Rnu ɣer ummesten-agi, Askar n tunigin tusligt n Firefox ad yekkes s wudem awurman talɣut-ik n tunigin am umazray akked inagan n tuqqna, ur d-ittaǧa tigert si lǧeṛṛa-k mi tfukeḍ tiɣimit-ik.
Nwekked-d melmi kan tuṭṭfa-nneɣ deg tbaḍnit akked tefrawant deg wayen yerzan isefka n useqdac deg ulɣu amaynut n tbaḍnit i d-yeqqaren “Deg Mozilla, numen belli tabaḍnit d tagejdant i internet adawsan.”
Google Chrome d iminig aɣelsan s yimiḍanen akk, s tmahilin am tunigin tiɣelsanin n Google, tid i yettɛawanen deg ummesten n yiseqdacen s uskan n ulɣu i d-yeqqaren d awezɣi ad t-tzegleḍ mi ara ttinigen deg yismal imihanen neɣ deg usader n yifuyla imihanen.
Ɣer tidet, Chrome d Firefox sɛant i sin taɣellist iǧehden. I sin ɣur-sen taɣawsa isem-is “amsersu” i iferrqen ikalan n yiminig akken yir ismal web ur tḥazen ara iḥricen n uselkim-ik n ufus neɣ ibenk-nniḍen.
Ɣas akken Chrome ibeggen-d iman-is d iminig Web yettwaḍemnen, amagrad-ines n tbaḍnit yella fell-as wawal. Tidet kan, Google ileqqeḍ-d amur meqqren isetqelliqen n yisefka n yiseqdac-ines, rnu ula d adeg, amazray n unadi d tirza ɣer yismal. Google yeqqar ɣef ulqaḍ-agi n yisefka ixeddem-itt akken ad yesnerni tanfiwin-ines – am wakken ara ad ak-d-nefk tallalt ad tafeḍ atriku neɣ lqehwa am win i d-tuɣeḍ yakan neɣ terziḍ ɣur-s uqbel. Ɣas akken, llan wid yellan mgal, ayen i d-isebganen belli Google ileqqeḍ amur meqqren n yisefka i yiswan-ines n tesnulzuzt. Qqaren-d belli ḥerrzen talɣut-inek tusligt ɣef yimakaren, maca mačči akka i yella lḥal. Google isedduy netta s timmad-is azeṭṭa n udellel meqqren deg umaḍal, tajmilt tmeqqrant ad tuɣal ɣer yisefka ara d-leqqḍen seg yiseqdacen-nsen.
Ɣer taggara, d kečč kan ara tt-igezmen deg ṛṛay ma tebɣiḍ neɣ xaṭi ad tjeṛṛdeḍ ajeṛṛid s beṭṭu n tɣawsiwin am umazray-ik n unadi d umazray-ik n lqeḍyan. Maca mayella am kečč am tugget n medden, ahat tnudaḍ deg internet ɣef kra n tɣawsiwin i tesmenyifeḍ ad qqimen d tibaḍniyin.
Tixxutert
Deg wayen yerzan timahilin, s Firefox s Chrome ttaken-d i sin tamkerḍit hrawen n yisiɣzaf d yizegrar, akaram n Chrome i yugaren akk iminigen-nniḍen, yetteddu akken iwata akked yimeẓla-nniḍen n Google am Gmail d yisemliyen Google.
Ulamma ur hraw ara am temkerḍit n yisiɣzaf n Chrome, Firefox, am useɣẓan n uɣbalu yeldin s umḍan ameqqran n yiwiziwen urmiden, yessumur-d amḍan ur nettwaman ara n yisiɣzaf ixataren.
Firefox ɣur-s daɣen tamahilt iwakken ad teẓreḍ accaren-ik ineggura d wid yeldin, amazray n yinig d tecraḍ deg yibenkan-ik akk.
Ma yella Chrome tettunefk-as tegnit d yizegrar akked yiseɣzaf, Firefox yesɛa taggayt yemmestnen akken ilaq n tmahilin yettwaselɣen, am ufecku n tuṭṭfa n ugdil yesɛan azal d ameqqran, d ufecku n uskar n tɣuri i tekksen ayen akk yellan deg usebter slid aḍris n umagrad ara teqqareḍ.
Ma yella aqettun n waccaren i teseiḍ ldin, ayagi ad yuɣal ɣer lebɣi-inek/inem deg useqdec n ugrudem. Firefox isumer-d adrurem adlawan ɣef waccaren-ik akk yeldin anawlu afnaẓ-nsent yal tikkelt mi ara tebɣuḍ ad telliḍ amaynut. Google Chrome yesmenyaf ad ten-yefneẓ akk ala iccer asnaraf ara d-ibanen. Ugur yellan akked waya mi ara tesɛuḍ aṭas n waccaren yeldin seg yiwen n usmel web, ad tettwaliḍ ala asnaraf-nni kan.
Ma yella d aggan, wid i aɣ-iṭṭafaren ad ak-inin yiwet si tɣawsiwin i ḥemmlen aṭas yeɛnan iminig-nneɣ d tazmert-ines ad ak-yeǧǧ ad tesnekzeḍ akked tṣeggmeḍ amur ameqqran n yiferdisen n ugrudem aseqdac akken tesriḍ. Chrome ad ak-yeǧǧ ad teffreḍ kra n yiferdisen n ugrudem aseqdac, maca ulac aṭas n usireg, ma yella d asenkez n tɣawsiwin almend n yismenyifen-inek. Acu kan, yewwi-d ad d-nini belli Chrome d Firefox ssishilen asnifel n urwes d usentel n yiminig-inek.
Aɛebbi
Fiḥel ma nenna-d dakken ileqman n Firefox d Chrome llan i yinagrawen n wammud n tnarit d uriraz i yettwassen (Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS).
Chrome d Firefox daɣen ad ak-ǧǧen ad temtawiḍ iferdisen am wawalen uffiren, ticraḍ n yisebter d waccaren yeldin ɣef yakk ibenkan-inek. Firefox ɣur-s taɣellist-nniḍen n wawal uffir agejdan ara yeǧǧen inekcam d wawalen uffiren yettwaskelsen ddaw taggayt-nniḍen n usekkeṛ d tsarut. Ma yella tesɛiḍ amiḍan deg taɣellisFirefox, tzemreḍ ad tazneḍ s ufus iccer yeldin ɣer uniraw-inek n yibenk-ik aziraz neɣ seg yibenk aziraz ɣer uniraw. Ayagi iteddu s wudem awuram akked Chrome ma yella tferneḍ lqem-a deg yismenyifen-inek. Ulac tuzzna s ufus seg yibenk ɣer wayeḍ, tetteddu kan ma yili yella wayen i tebɣiḍ ad t-txedmeḍ am ukemmel n tɣuri n umagrad i mazal urɛad tekfiḍ. Maca yezmer ad yili umtawi s wudem awurman ur yelhi ara ma yella aṭas n yiseqdac ttinigen mi ara qqnen ɣer umiḍan-inek n Google.
Aktazal amatu
Akka nettwali d tidet ma nenna-d Firefox d Chrome msawan idis ɣer yidis deg tewtilin n uɛebbi d tnafa, Chrome yesɛa abaɣur fessusen deg tnafa s ssebba n tkarḍa-ines tameqqrant n yiseɣzan d tmahilin n yizegrar. Maca tawtilt n tbaḍnit, Firefox iɛedd-t s teessast-nneɣ ɣef uḥraz n yisefka deg uskar uqqin n yiseqdacen-nneɣ akked umuddu n yimeẓla ilelliyen usliɣen am yimsefrak n wawal uffir ara ak-d-iɛeggnen mi ara tili tkerḍa n yisefka ideg ddant talɣutin-inek n tbaḍnit.
I yiswan n uxeddim, ur ak-yekkis waccema ad tesqedceḍ isin n yiminigen—Firefox i ma yili tudert tusligt d nettat i yezwaren, ma d Chrome ma yili mazal-ik txeddmeḍ deg unagraw n umeiwn Google. Maca, s umḍan igemmen n yiwellihen deg yisefka-nneɣ udmawanen, Firefox d netta kan i d ufrin igerrzen i lebda i wid akka am nekkni i yettḥadaren tudert-nsen tusligt deg internet.
Iserwas i yettwagen da, mmugen am wid yettwagen akked yiɣewwaren imezwer d yileqman n tuffɣa n yiminigen akka:
Firefox (81) | Chrome (85)
Asebter-a yettwaleqqam yal tlata wagguren akken ad d-iban deg yileqman ineggura, akken yezmer daɣen ur d-ttbanen ara yileqman ineggura.


c: text/html

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Timzerɣelt
Timzerɣelt neɣ Timni (Assaɣ ussnan: Anisoptera) d yiwen n adu-tfesna n yibureɣsen yeṭṭafaren tafesna n tmzerɣlin, tettwassen s tallet-is (seɛɛu-ines) i wallen tugtudmawin meqqren d sin n wafriwen ifrawanen ijehden, d tfekka ɣezzifen. Dɣa deg kra n tikwal yettili-d wemray (luɛaṛa) deg usemgirred gar n temzerɣelt yakk d tiẓawin n tala (Zygoptera) acku ttemcabint deg talɣa tamuṛfulujt.
Timzerɣelt tettumeggez seg yibureɣsen inegmaren ixataren acku tettett tadasin d yibureɣsen imeẓyanen niḍen am yizi n wexxam d tzizwa d ugeṭṭuf d yirẓaẓen d waṭas n telmas niḍen, maca drus kan n tikwal deg wanda i d-tettet iferṭeṭṭa. Ɣas akken timzerɣelt tga d aburɣes anegmar, maca ula d nettat tezmer ad tettwičč sɣur n yigḍaḍ d tzermemmuyin d yimqerqar yakk tmzerɣlin meqqren fellas.
Ibureɣsen-a ttilin deg yibaliɣen d igelmimen d timedwin d wuna. Llant wazal n 5680 n telmas yemgaraden n tmzerɣlin deg umaḍal.

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


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ɣerPREP | VB [ɣeṛ]
à, vers; lire, étudier; appeler
Flexions ɣeryeɣri neɣra teɣɣaremt ɣriɣ yeɣɣar nɣer ɣɣar ɣremt ɣrint teɣri teɣramt ɣɣarent yeɣra teɣɣar teɣremt ɣɣaremt teɣreḍ iɣren teɣrim ɣrant iɣɣaren teɣra teɣɣarem ɣrent teɣɣareḍ tɣer iɣran ɣret ɣrin iɣri teɣram ɣɣaren teɣriḍ iɣɣar teɣrem ɣɣaret ɣreɣ yeɣren neɣri ɣran yeɣɣaren iɣra neɣɣar ɣren ɣɣareɣ iɣer yeɣran teɣrimt ɣer
Sources ɣer
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982
Phrases avec le mot ɣer
Deg umecwar aneggaru n tikli-s ɣer Azegza i yemlal yiwet tarbaɛt iteddun ɣer zdat am netta .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]
Ṭṭef ixef n tsetta n weɣyul tedduḍ ɣer zdat, ur nferreq ara !
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]
Iwwet ad d-yuɣal ɣer wanda yella Muḥend, illi allen-is akken ad iẓer, isderɣel it uzayaḍ n wedfel .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]
Di temsalt agi i yaɣ-iferqen, sebba-s tamezwarut d lebyan n wayla : n wa neɣ n win ? - Uɣal-d ihi ɣer temsalt, ur d-tezzi i wedrar s wawal ! - Yal awal s lmeɛna-s a Ḥemmu .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]


text:
sdariVB [sdari]
abriter; protéger
Flexions sdarisdarayemt sdarimt tesdaray tesdari sdarayent sdarint tesduri sdurint sdaray sdari yesdaray yesdari tesdarayemt tesdarimt yesduri tesdurimt yesdurin sdarayeɣ sdariɣ nesdaray nesdari yesdarayen sduriɣ nesduri yesdarin sdarayet sdarit isdaray isdari sdarayen sdarin isduri sdurin isdurin tesdarayeḍ tesdariḍ tesdarayem tesdarim isdarayen tesduriḍ tesdurim isdarin
Sources sdari
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982
Phrases avec le mot sdari
Akka ad tifsus taɛkwemt i widen ad kwen-isdarin, akken daɣen ur neggrent ara tuddar nwen ma yeɣli-d fellawen weɛdaw .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]
I sin yid-sen neggzen akken ad sdarin iman-nsen .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]
Ma tkemmel akka ur zmirent ara tuddar agi nneɣ timesdurar tineggura ɣer wedrar ad sdarint acḥal d imgiǧǧan agi .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]


text:
Asifeḍ a Yidir anaẓur, azamul n ukfawel amegzu
S TfuYalt (leḥzen) n wegdud d akemmali i swayes i d-yessenfali Agraw n yiqbayliyen di Kanada « CKC » lqerḥ ameqqran n temYiwent-nneY mi Y-yeğğa unaẓur ameqqran, lemri n tmurt, anmahal, Yidir. D anaẓur alsan, d itri n yigenwan; s taYect-is, s uẓawan-is d yiznan-is yemmden, yessekfel-d idles aneṣli, yessuli di ccan n tmurt-is n leqbayel, yessufeY tiṭ n tmagit tamaziYt taqburt akin i tlisa n tmurt-is. CKC yessawaḍ tamella d tebYest n temYiwent-nneY i twacult-is, i tmurt-is n leqbayel akked wakal n tmazYa.
TamYiwent taqbaylit n Kanada tekcem deg usigna n leḥzen am yiqbayliyen d yimaziYen di tal tama n umaḍal mi yunag si ddunit wemnay n tezlit taqbaylit. AYellet-is adelsan yessaY tiftilin n umaḍal. Yidir d win yeldin ṭṭwiqan n usbuḥru ameYradan: S wul alsan d tigzi i Y-yerra iseY iwakken ad yisissen idles-nneY akken ur yettYimi-yara d udrig deg umaḍal.
Yidir d itri, d imYi n wakal-is; d ul-is i d taẓuri, d allaY-is i d tamagit. D win yessufuYen taxenfuct n tmuYli akken ad yegzu (yefhem) wayeḍ, ladYa aṭas n yimdanen neY ineYrimen di ddunit i yettḥulfun s telsawit (humanisme) am nekni s yiqbayliyen d yimaziYen s umata.
Ayen i d-yeğğa, ad yeqqim d agerruj i wegdud-is, ad nzuxx yes-s ad nernu.Yidir d aḍu n tmeYnest, d iṭij n tektiwin, d akal d awal n teqbaylit…d adrar d illel n talsa. Inig-is aneggaru iger-aY deg temda n yilem. TuYac-is, ad d-qqiment d ismektiyen d inagan n tẓuri d tussna i tsutiwin i d-iteddun
Yidir, Hamid Cheriet yunag ad yernu Yer Mouloud Mammeri, Matoub, Djaout d wiyaḍ. Itran-a i d-teğğa tmurt-nneY ssaYen igenwan n tmagit-nneY, ttaken afud i tfekka mi ara yettarra wul tiYri i wallaY iwakken ad neqqim d nekni.
Qim di Talwit a Hamid Cheriet
SiY igenni azegzaw n TmazYa a Yidir
TabYest i twacult Cheriet akked wegdud-nneY
CKC
Tasuqqilt: Moh Laid Deflaoui


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Catégorie:Article utilisant une Infobox
Tga tefransist yat tutlayt tahindurubiyt seg tawja n tutlayin tirumansiyin (langues romanes), tennulfa g fransa (iẓli n tutlayt n OÏL, dda illan g ugafa n tmazirt). Tga Tefransist tutlayt tunṣibt g Fransa aseggʷas n 1539, imessiwlen-nnes g 2018 iwḍen ar 300 n umelyun g imenẓawen-akkʷ n umaḍal : 235 n umelyun tga ɣur-sen tutlayt takuyast, 90 n umelyun gan imessiwlen iẓɣuranen.
G 2018, 80 umelyun n umelmad d umezraw ayd izerrwen s tefransist g umaḍal. Tebder tmaddast tagraɣlant n tefrankufunt mas d imessiwlen n tefransist g 2050 rad lekmen 700 n umelyun g umaḍal.
Tafransist tga tutlayt tunṣibt ammas n sḍis-yaḍen ɣur tmaddast n iwunak imunen, teg ɣur-s awd tutlayt n twuri nettat d tneglizt. Tafransist d tutlayt tunṣibt nɣ d tin twuri ɣur kigan n tmaddasin tigraɣlanin nɣ d tinemnaḍin, am : tamunt tawrubit.
Ḍart mayd tga tefransist ddaw unegraw aqqbur tutlayt n isaragen igeldanen d igeldunen, iqaysaren n rusya, igeldanen n sbanya d lanegliz, d tin igeldunen n lalman; ay-a yujja-tt ad tili azal g tdiblumatit tagraɣlant tama n tneglizt.
Tutlayt tafransist ar temmal yan uɣmar asertan g fransa, seg 1992 ay tga tutlayt n tegduda (amegrad 2 n udustur n tegduda tis semmust).
Tafransist ay yusin tadelsa d uswingem afransis g umaḍal. Tanaḍt n 3 yulyuz 1996 iẓlin s ussebɣer n tutlayt tafransist trura taynit ɣer imattiwen igdudanen n ussebɣer n tefransist.
Tifrist n tutlayt tafransist, asnulfu-nnes d usentel-nnes (sa codification) lan tawuri g ussileɣ n tegrawin n uswingem, zun d "la palaide", neɣ d timersal zun d takadimit tafransist.
Da ttinin mas tga tefransist "tawkadimit", sselɣen-as awd tutlayt n mulyir.
Tafransist ay igan tutlayt tis snat g umaḍal dda ittuɣran zun d yat tutlayt taberranit, tga imek-a awd g iwunak imunen.
Tutlayt tafransist d tutlayt tis kkuẓt g ma izdin d ussemres g wantirnit ḍart tesbenyult,tamandarit (mandarin), d tneglizt.
Isaɣulen d isuganEdit
- ↑ Template:Wp/tzm/Lien web.
- ↑ Template:Wp/tzm/Lien web.
- ↑ Délégation à la Langue française - Orthographe, CIIP, consulté le 18 septembre 2011.


text:
Mas Ferhat Mehenni deg meslay-ines n 6 Furar 2021, i d-yettuɣalen yal ddurt, yuɣal-ed ɣef yakk temsal i ceɣben agdud aqbayli, deg ddurt yezrin, anda i d-yemmeslay ladɣa ɣef ugemmuḍ n isenfaren i d-yessuli unabaḍ aqbayli uɛḍil aqbayli deg wasmi d-yennulfa deg 2010, ayen ara t-yeǧǧen ɣef leḥsab-is ad yiger asurif amaynut ar usali n uwanek aqbayli deg tilawt send 20 yebrir 2021 i d-iteddun.
Deg meslay-ines, iberḥ-ed s wudemù unṣib akken ad yili wesbeddi n yiwen wadeg n internet anda yezmer yal aqbayli ad yettekki, tecki yella uttekki yagi, yezmer ad yefren s wudem ilelli ma yebɣa neɣ ala, akken tammurt taqbaylit ad tuɣal d timunent, cɣel d tifranin s wudem afrar. Asmekti kan, belli d tikelt tis snat ara d-iheggi unabaḍ tifranin, timenza llant deg seggas n 2015 i yellan i wefran n wanay aqbayli.
Agdud n yimeɣnasen d win yebḍan send aberreḥ agi, ger wid yesnemmren aquddim agi ar lebni n uwanek aqbayli d wid yettxemmimen belli d tukkerḍa n tikli, d aneggez ar wayen ahat ur d-igellun ara s wayen yelhan i wseddu n usenfaṛ n lebni n uwanek aqbayli, akked weḥric-nniḍen n yeqbaylien yessumen, yessikiden anda nniḍen, ladɣa metwal imeɣnasen iqbayliyen yellan deg leḥbas d wid diɣ ɣef wayeg i d-ger teɣdemt tazzayrit tuccar-ines.
Mas Mhenni yettwaqenneɛ belli akud yewḍ-ed akken agdud aqbayli ad iger asurif agi, imi aqlaɣ ger tacciwin n umezruy yettɣawalen, acku agdud ur nxeddem ara tasertit ad sxedmen tasertit, ihi akud ad i-begnen acu i d tidett d wacu i d tezleg.


text: Ever since cell phones have been created, Schools have banned them. School believed that the reason to ban them was for the students protection. dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd dd dd d d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d d


text:
Si Wikipedia, tasanayt tilellit.
Carl Von Linné d asnudran yakk d Amusnaw n yimɣan n Tmurt n Swid, ilul deg wass n 23 mayyu deg useggas n 1707, Carl Von Linné illa d amnir n tsensartut d usismel Akken iga d yiwen gar imeqranen n imusnawen n tesnudert, Yesnulfa-d adlis umi yessemma Anagraw n ugama (s Teswidit: Systema Naturae) anda yessers tigejda n usismel ussnan atrar, Dɣa d netta yakk i d amezwar yessersen anagraw n usiseɣ amsin (dgi llan ismawen n tewsit d telmest)
Ilul-d (Carl Von Linné) deg twacult d tamɣidt (d tagellilt) Deg yiwet n taddart id yezgan deg uneẓul n Swid, Dɣa bab-as yeɣil ad yekker d amṛabeṭ am netta, Maca Linné yegguma (yugi) anect-a


text:
Ceṛṛegḍiḍ
Ceṛṛegḍiḍ (Isem usnan: Capsella bursa-pastoris) d talmest n yemɣi seg twacult n Brassicaceae (fr) . Friedrich Kasimir Medikus (fr) d amdan amezwaru i yuran fell-as deg useggas n 1792.
Tilmas[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ismawen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Isem-is s latinit: Capsella bursa-pastoris
- Isem-is s tefransist: Bourse à pasteur ou capselle
- Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Imɣi ur n ttmačča [1]
- Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt:
Isseqdac[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tiwelhiwin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ Ḍil ad twaliḍ, ruḥ ad d-tawiḍ, qim ulac. Omar Kerdja, Edition Tira


text:
Azarza
Azarza neɣ Buqemqum d aṭṭan averusan yettenṭaṭen yekkat aglim d tezɣa d wadis n yimi akken id igellu s tuččit d wekmaz akken i yezmer ad iglu s taglal seld n mraw (10) n wussan seg wass mi id yebda waṭṭan.
Wid yettwaggzen s uzarzaẒreg
Arrac imeẓyanen s umata d wid iy mekken (iy tt-ḥuza) waṭṭan-a s tuget. Akken iy mekken daɣen imeqqranen ur nli ara (ur nesɛi ara) affal igedṛen neɣ wid itessen isafaren inemgalen n waffal. Ma d igim yettili-d s tuṭṭsa (anali) n tiqqayin id yettilin deg weglim n umaṭun
Mi ara ad yejji umaṭun seg waṭṭan-a ad yell (ad yekseb) affal anda Ur yettales ara (ur yettɛawad ara) ad tyaɣ i tikkelt n iden


text:
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Dlqlc qliclq Dqqqlxqqcqlx iixjlc iqqqlxxücxlcjl Yöqicxqcxxliql qiq Zqclxq, Axqßxclxq icj Yiqlcclxq cqicqlxixjlxc. Dcclxqcücxc iixjlc jil Ylilxilcxlc cic Yqcjiixclc, jil Dcqlcqlc cic Dqqqlx qic icxlc Mqiiclxäqqlxc clxqcxicxlc.


text:
May nmes nukni?
Nukni imumenn imaziɣen imasiḥin nna igan nniyt nnesen g rebbi aha twekklen xef wawal nnes nna illan g lectab iqeddsen ḥma ad-ax igewwed g tudert nnex.
La nttiri a nntfur sidna ƹisa lmasiḥ aha neg s wawal n linjil
. La nttamen is lectab iqeddsen maci am lectub yaḍen macan ntta awal n rebbi ayd iga (2 Timutawus 3:16) nna isawall i midden kul g ddunit, ingrasen imaziɣen.
Ma da ntteƹbad nukni?
May da nurzzu?
La nttiri a nnsbayn aha nenƹet i llumt nnex n imaziɣen lquwwa taruḥit
n lectab iqeddsen
. Amci-d ku yuk zignex ad yili ɣurs rray nnes nna ibnan xef lḥeqq n wawal n rebbi. Iddex s lectab iqeddsen ku yuk ad yiɣiy ad yisin rebbi
aha ibnu liman nnes xef lsas iṣḥan. La nttiri ad-awn nɣer ɣer lmasiḥ ḥma a ttili ɣurun yut n lƹalaqa takswatt agids ntta nna innan: « Nekk ayd igan abrid d lḥeqq d tudert
. Aggwd yuk ur ittiɣiy ad iddu ɣer ibba (zeƹma rebbi) bla nekkin» (Yuḥanna 14:6).
Lazem a nnisin is iblis (ciṭan) la ittisin mezian mimc iƹeddal cigan n iberdan itcabahen abrid n lḥeqq nna ittawin ɣer rebbi (2 kurintus 11:14).
Ferrej s lmusiqa:
Matta ntta iblis-ad, aƹdaw n rebbi d midden?
Rebbi ixleq cigan n lmalaykat g igenna i lexdemt nnes. Ciṭan ntta ayd igan lmalak axatar
nna iqerrben i rebbi. Allig yannay ansa nna-s yuca rebbi aha yaf wul nnes yiri ad yamẓ ansa n rebbi (Iceƹya 14:14), ira ad ingleb xef sidi rebbi nna-t ixelqen.
Sidi rebbi g tezdgi nnes ur da itteqbal rray am wa-d. Day iger s iblis ƹla beṛṛa
yawi-d agids cigan n lmalaykat nna-t itfurn. Day ig agidsen yuk ujemmuƹ n id iblis iƹeddan nna itƹekkasen lexdemt n rebbi g ddunit kul al ussan nna-d nusa.
Allig yannay is-d yiwi agids cigan n lmalaykat zeg igenna, ira ad ig amci-s nnig n wacal s lexliqt n rebbi s umata benadam nna ixleq sidi rebbi xef ssift nnes.
Sseɣd i lbarnamej n rradyu s tmaziɣt g lantirnit: « Lmalaykat d iblis ».
Matta ntta benadam, lexliqt n rebbi issedhacen?
Benadam ntta ayd igan lexliqt nna iƹdel rebbi xef ssift nnes
(Tizwiri 1:26-27
). Mimc?
Sidi rebbi ixleq benadam s wul ḥma ad yiri sidi rebbi. Sidi rebbi ixleq benadam s wanli ḥma ad imsawal d unna-t ixelqen. Sidi rebbi ixleq benadam iḥurra ḥma ad ixtaṛ ad iƹbed sidi rebbi. Adam, aryaz amzwaru, ikka iɣiy ad iḍaƹ rebbi g wul nnes d lefƹayl nnes kul. Ikka iɣiy ad iƹic g lehna d lman ntta d sidi rebbi
nna-t iƹedlen.
Sidi rebbi ixleq benadam i lƹazz nnes
, maca ddnub ur udjin benadam ad ifreḥ s unna-t ixelqen. Mimc? Ɣer aynna-d iddan.
Sseɣd i lbaramij n rradyu s tmaziɣt g lantirnit: « Matta ntta benadam? (1)
» et « Matta ntta benadam? (2)
».
Ferrej lfilm :
Mayd igan ddnub?
Ḍart n mayd ixleq rebbi adam d ḥuwwa’ tamṭṭuṭṭ nnes, iddu-d ɣursen iblis deɣya aha ibdu ar isawal i temṭṭuṭṭ ḥma ad issexser lƹalaqa nna illan ingrasen d unna-ten ixelqen (Tizwiri 3:1
).
S teḥramyat nnes
yiweḍ allig ikcem ul n benadam nna iran nnit aggwd ntta ad ig am unna-t ixelqen, ad yisin lxir d ccaṛ (aynna iẓill d uynna ur iẓill) (Tizwiri 3:5
). Allig iƹṣa benadam luṣit n rebbi nna isseḥremen ɣifs ad itc zeg texlidjt n tusna n uynna iẓill d uynna ur iẓill (Tizwiri 2:17
), dis ayd idneb ḍedd n unna-t ixelqen.
Ddnub maci ɣas adday iƹṣa benadam rebbi s rray nɣed s lefƹayl, maca ddnub nitni laṣel nɣed taɣbalut nna zeg da-d teddun ixemmimen nna yakkan lefƹayl ur iẓill dat n rebbi. Ddnub nitni adday ur igi benadam aynna xef-t ixleq rebbi ḥma ad imejjed unna-t ixelqen. Ddnub la-d ttawin lmut, walaynni s titt lmut ayd igan lexlaṣ n ddnub (Tabratt n ruma 6:23).
Sseɣd i lbarnamej n rradyu s tmaziɣt g lantirnit: « Ddnub ».
Matta nttat lmut, aƹdaw-ad nna issexlaƹen midden kul?
Ḍart n mayd ixleq rebbi benadam, isseḥrem ɣifs ad itc zeg lɣellt n texlidjt n tusna n uynna iẓill d uynna ur iẓill, ḥma ad ur immet (Tizwiri 2:17
). Walaynni benadam ixtaṛ i ixf nnes ad itfur rray n iblis aƹdaw nnes aha iƹṣu unna-t ixelqen (Tizwiri 3:6
). S lefƹayl-ad benadam issexser lƹalaqa ingras d rebbi yaf-n ixf nnes ibƹed i unna-t ixelqen, ta-d ayd igan lmut tamzwarut (lmut taruḥit) (Tabratt n afasus 2:1).
Zeg luqt-nna lmut tis snat (lmut n ddat) la txeddem g benadam al-t trar ɣer acal amci-nnad inna leḥcam n rebbi : «...iddex-d teffeɣd zeg wacal a ttƹayd ɣer acal» (Tizwiri 3:19
). Id lmut tis craṭṭ (ahlac n wabda) ad-d teddu ḍart n wass axatar n leḥcam n rebbi. Walaynni s lemḥibba n rebbi d nnƹemt nnes, ntta ira ad ifukku benadam zeg lmut (Yuḥanna 11:25-26) aha iƹdel yut n lƹalaqa tujditt ingrasen nna ibnan xef lƹemel n sidi rebbi maci xef lefƹayl n benadam.
Mayd igan nnƹemt n rebbi?
Nnƹemt n rebbi maci ɣas aɣrum d wutci ay-t igan, maca tukki nnes nna ur istahel benadam aha yuca-s-t sidi rebbi s tayri nnes. Tukki-yad la-t yakka rebbi i kul imeƹṣi nna ituben zeg lefƹayl nnes, nttat ayd yakkan afukku i midden (Tabratt n tiṭus 2:11 ; Tabratt n afasus 2:5, 8) aha ittuberrar fabur (Tabratt n ruma 3:24 ; Tabratt n tiṭus 3:7).
Rebbi s tayri nnes d rrḥemt nnes (Yuḥanna 3:16 ; Tabratt n afasus 2:4-5) a-s israḥ benadam zeg leƹqubit nna-d yiwi ɣifs iblis aƹdaw nnes amzwaru. Maca sidi rebbi lamin ayd iga aha iƹdel g leḥcam nnes izeddig ur da itteqbal ddnub. La ittiri benadam maca la icerreh ddnub n benadam.
Aya-d a-xef ilazem ca n yuk ad ixelleṣ ttaman n ddnub g wansa n benadam. Ca n yuk nna urdjin idenben aha iri ad immet g wansa n benadam imeƹṣi.
Allig ur yufi sidi rebbi ca n benadam bla ddnub (Tabratt n ruma 3:23) aha iɣers i uƹelluc nna-g ur illi ca n lƹib
ḥma ad ifukku tamkrust nnad iga adam d ḥuwwa’ s lmeƹṣiyt nnesen. Aƹelluc-nna-d la itmettal afekkak n ddunit
nna iƹewwel ad-d iddu g luqt nna textaṛ lḥekma n rebbi ḥma ad icemmel afukku nnig n ṣṣalib
(nɣed isigel).
Ferrej lqist nna iƹawed sidna ƹisa xef nnƹemt n rebbi:
Mayd igan afukku / afukka?
Afukku ntta adday ifda sidi rebbi benadam imeƹṣi nna yumenn g ddbiḥt n sidna ƹisa nnig n ṣṣalib
(ixelleṣ ɣifs s idammen n ufekkak). Rebbi la itfukku unna yumenn g ufekkak nna immuten nnig n ṣṣalib (nɣed isigel) ḥma ad yasi ddnub n ddunit kul. La ittaɣul umumen yarid zeg ddnub nnes s idammen n lmasiḥ inɣall nnig n ṣṣalib
(Tabratt n iƹibranin 9:12 ; Anurẓem n igenna 1:5). Xef ufekkak-ad sidna ƹisa a-xef da isawal lectab iqeddsen zeg tizwiri al tingiri.
Sseɣd i lbarnamej n rradyu s tmaziɣt g lantirnit: « Mayd-i ilazmen a-t gex ḥma ad fukkux? ».
Ferrej s lmusiqa xef lmital n ufukku :
Mayd igan lectab iqeddsen?
Lectab iqeddsen ntta ayd igan lectab n wawal n rebbi nna yuca i imazann nnes s rruḥ nnes ḥma at-t-id awin i midden. Lectab-ad a d-ax ittenƹaten matta ntta rebbi, d matta ntta benadam aha inƹet-ax altu abrid issawaḍen benadam ɣer rebbi. Lectab-ad iḥḍa-t rebbi s lquwwa nnes la zeg uẓewwer n benadam wala zeg uḥerraf n iblis.
Lectab iqeddsen iga yut n lxizana nna-g illa 66 n lectab. La ibeṭṭu xef sin ilan: ili amzwaru ism nnes taḍa taqdimt (nɣed lƹehd aqdim), d ili wis sin ism nnes taḍa tujditt (nɣed lƹehd ujdid).
Taḍa taqdimt (lƹehd aqdim)
digs 39 n lectab:
Xamsa n lectub n musa
nɣed tawrat:
- Lectab n tizwiri
- Lectab n ufuɣ
- Lectab n ayt lawi
- Lectab n leḥsab
- Lectab n uƹawed n cceriƹa
Tnaƹc n lectab n ttarix nna isawall xef ttarix aqdim n cceƹb n isra’il
tarwa n brahim ameddakkwel iƹezzin n sidi rebbi
:
- Yacuƹ
- Imɣarn
- Raƹut
- Lectab amzwaru n ṣamu’il
- Lectab wis sin n ṣamu’il
- Lectab amzwaru n igeldan
- Lectab wis sin n igeldan
- Lectab amzwaru n lmejriyat
- Lectab wis sin n lmejriyat
- Ƹizra
- Naḥamya
- Astir
Xamsa n lectub n cciƹr d ihelliln:
- Ayyub
- Zzabur
- Lamtal
- Ljamiƹa
- Tanccatt n tenccadin
Sebƹṭac n lectab n lanbya
:
- Icaƹya
- Irmiya
- Aɣrib n irmiya
- Ḥizqiyal
- Danyal
- Hucaƹ
- Yu’il
- Ƹamus
- Ƹubadya
- Yunes
- Mixa
- Naḥum
- Ḥabaqquq
- Ṣafanya
- Ḥajji
- Zakariya
- Malaxi
Sseɣd i lbarnamej n rradyu s tmaziɣt g lantirnit: « Lanbya d lectab iqeddsen ».
Ferrej lfilm :
Taḍa tujditt (lƹehd ujdid)
digs 27 n lectab:
Rebƹa n lectub isawaln xef tudert n lmasiḥ
:
- Lectab n matta
- Lectab n marqus
- Lectab n luqa
- Lectab n yuḥanna
Lectab nna iteqqisen xef tizwiri n uƹeddul n igrawen (nɣed ijemmuƹen) imasiḥin
:
- Isekkinn nna gan imazann
Waḥed u ƹacrin n tabratt itellmaden i imumenn sburzent-ten aha ƹezzant-ten g wammas n timukras nna itekkan ɣifsen tanila n liman nnesen g unna-ten ixtarr ḥma a-ten ibarc:
- Tabratt n ruma
- Tabratt tamzwarut n kurintus
- Tabratt tis snat n kurintus
- Tabratt n ɣalaṭiya
- Tabratt n ufsus
- Tabratt n filibbi
- Tabratt n kulussi
- Tabratt tamzwarut n tasaluniki
- Tabratt tis snat n tasaluniki
- Tabratt tamzwarut n timutawus
- Tabratt tis snat n timutawus
- Tabratt n tiṭus
- Tabratt n filimun
- Tabratt n iƹibranin
- Tabratt n yeƹqub
- Tabratt tamzwarut n buṭrus
- Tabratt tis snat n buṭrus
- Tabratt tamzwarut n yuḥanna
- Tabratt tis snat n yuḥanna
- Tabratt tis craṭṭ n yuḥanna
- Tabratt n yahuda
Lectab n anurẓem la isawal xef luqt nna-d iddan
- Anurẓem n igenna
Kul lectub n lectab iqeddsen bḍan xef imurn, d imurn bḍan xef llayat ḥma ad iwhen ad yaf benadam aynna-xef yurzzu g lectab.
La-wen tmenna taɣuri iẓill d liman nna itbeddaln tudert nnun s lmasiḥ ntta nna innan: « Maci ɣas s uɣrum a-s itƹic benadam, maca s kul iwaliwen nna-d iteffeɣn zeg imi n rebbi » (Matta 4:4).
Sseɣd i lbaramij n rradyu s tmaziɣt g lantirnit: « Almmed d luṣiyat n lectab iqeddsen (1) » et « Almmed d luṣiyat n lectab iqeddsen (2) ».
Ferrej lfilm :
Ma-xef allig illa lectab iqeddsen d ma-mi ittiyazen?
Awal n rebbi nna illan g lectab iqeddsen ittiyazen i midden kul ḥma ad isinn abrid nna issawaḍen ɣer rebbi. Lectab iqeddsen ittiyazen i teqbilin kul zigsent tiqbilin n imaziɣen: « Iddex qqaḥ unna yurzzun ad-as ittuc, d unna itqellaben ad yaf, aha innurẓem i unna idduqqan » (Matta 7:8). « S titt imqqur ssir n ttaqwa : unna-d iddan g ddat, ittuberrar s rruḥ
, annaynt-t lmalaykat, ttuxebbern iss midden kul (aggwd imaziɣen), amenn iss g ddunit, aha ittuƹella g lƹezz
» (Tabratt tamzwarut n timutawus 3:16).
Lectab iqeddsen la-x ittenƹat rebbi g tayri nnes aha yuc-ax linjil
(aneɣmis iẓill) d lbarakat nna-d iteddun zigs : Iddex amci ayd ira rebbi midden allig yuca memmis aferdi
(sidna ƹisa lmasiḥ) ḥma qqaḥ unna iss yumenn ur ittemtat ca maca a ttili ɣurs tudert n wabda (Raƹa yuḥanna 3:16.).
Sseɣd i lbarnamej n rradyu s tmaziɣt g lantirnit: « Ca n iwaliwen ihemman xef lectab iqeddsen ».
Ma da iteƹnu wawal n linjil?
Linjil yuk n wawal nna da iteƹnun « aneɣmis iẓill nɣed issfraḥen
»: rebbi la-x ittiri allig yuca awal nnes aferdi nnig n ṣṣalib
ḥma ad ifukku larwaḥ nnex zeg uhlac n wabda (Raƹa yuḥanna 3:16.). Wad ayd igan linjil n nnƹemt n rebbi
(Raƹa isekkinn nna gan imazann 20:24
.) tanila n midden imeƹṣiten. Aneɣmis nnes la iqqar i midden ḥma ad amenn g sidna ƹisa lmasiḥ d lmut nnes d tancra nnes inger imttin ḥma ad-asen ttuɣfran ddnub nnesen (Tabratt tamzwarut n kurintus 15:1-4).
Linjil ayd igan yuk ism nna-d yusan i yil wis sin n lectab iqeddsen, nna ittusemman altu taḍa tujditt
.
Ferrej laflam-a :
Ma-xef allig llan rebƹa n id linjil?
G lḥaqiqa ur illi ɣas yuk n linjil ntta ayd igan aneɣmis is a ttiɣiyt a ttfukkut zi ddnub
nnec s mayd iga lmasiḥ tanila nnec. La ittini lectab: « Ikka lmasiḥ la iteddu ar itxebbar midden s linjil n rebbi « (Marqus 1:14).
Allig da sawaln rebƹa n lectub imzwura n taḍa tujditt (lƹehd ujdid) kul nnesen xef lmasiḥ, ku yuk zeg yut n tamnaṭṭ ixeṣṣan (Luqa 1:1-4
), annayn imumenn imzwura ad zayden ism n linjil i yism n umḥḍar nna-d yiwin awal zeg sidi rebbi. Amci-d la nttini i lectab n matta linjil n matta, win marqus linjil n marqus, win luqa linjil n luqa, d win yuḥanna linjil n yuḥanna.
Amci-d iddex kul lectab n taḍa tujditt ntta a-g illa uneɣmis-ad d ufruy nnes, aya-d a-xef da ttusemma taḍa tujditt yits n tikkel s wawal n linjil, s umata g tmizar n waƹreben d tin imaziɣen.
Id s titt ittuẓewwer lectab iqeddsen?
Alawah, alawah, unna ittinin awal-ad hat aƹayr n iblis i rebbi ayd iga maci i imasiḥin nɣed udayn.
Han ma da ittini rebbi xef wawal nnes: « Day inna-yi mulana: Is tannayt mezian, hat nekk la tmuyudex xef wawal inu ar-d-t cemmelex » (Irmiya
1:12). Sidi rebbi ur da iggan amci-nna ira iblis ad yini i cigan n midden. Rebbi la itmuyud xef ddunit kul s umata awal nnes, iddex issen is iblis aƹdaw nnes ur iri a-t isinn midden aha amenn iss.
Awal n rebbi lḥeqq ayd iga (Yuḥanna 17:17), ig altu rruḥ d tudert (Yuḥanna 6:63). Aya-d a-xef ur iri iblis ad ddun ɣurs midden. Amci-d injeḥ ad issebƹed cigan n midden (ilin digsen imaziɣen) xef wawal n rebbi ḥma ad ur amenn digs. Issebƹed-ten xef lectab n rebbi ɣas s yun wawal “ittuẓewwer”. Ar tƹawaden midden awal-ad bla ad nẓun is iṣḥa mad araḥ.
La ittini sidna ƹisa « S titt awen ttinix, waxxa itekkes igenna d wacal ur izella aggwd yuk n lḥarf nɣed yut n tneqqiṭṭ zeg ccariƹa al icemmel kulci » (Matta 5:18). Ar ittini altu « Tuksa n igenna d wacal tuhen xef tukssa n yut n tneqqiṭṭ zeg ccariƹa » (Luqa
16:17).
Ad ur ttadja a wma aƹdaw nnec a-c isseḥrem zeg wawal n unna-c iran allig yuca tudert nnes tanila nnec. Yuf mec tqrat nɣed sseɣd-as ḥma a tteƹlut mayd illan qbel a tteḥcemt.
Bla awal n rebbi arseli ur ittiɣiy aggwd yuk ad yisin la rebbi wala abrid nna ittawin ɣurs.
Matta ntta sidna ƹisa lmasiḥ?
Sidna ƹisa lmasiḥ awal n rebbi ayd iga. Ikka d rebbi zeg tizwiri (Yuḥanna 1:1-2). Urdjin ikki rebbi bla awal nnes wala rruḥ nnes, mad araḥ? Awal n rebbi ɣurs tanbaṭṭ am rebbi. Am wawal n ugellid ɣurs tanbaṭṭ am ugellid-nna. Sidi rebbi agellid igeldan ayd iga. Awal nnes a-s ixleq kulci nna illan g ddunit. Qqaḥ aynna iga rebbi iga-t s wawal nnes i wawal ness (Tabratt n kulussi 1:16).
Ism n ƹisa la iteƹnu unna itfukkun midden zeg ddnub nnesen (Matta 1:21).
Awal lmasiḥ la iteƹnu unna ittudhen s zzit, iddex ta-d ayd igan lƹada n luqt-nna i unna ittustin nɣed unna ittuxtar ad ig yut n lexdemt.
Mani unna ixtar rebbi ḥma ad-d iddu ad icemmel taguri-yad takswat nna igan afukku n midden zeg iblis aƹdaw axatar n rebbi? Rebbi ixtar awal nnes nna-g yumen s titt is idda ad ig aynna-s inna.
Amci-d ay-d idda ɣurex wawal n rebbi g ddat am tinex bla ddnub ḥma ad ifukku imeƹṣiten am nekk d cegg a wma. A yaƹrit i unna yumenn digs iddex usar inni ad ingṛaz (Tabratt n ruma 9:33).
Ku yuk zignex la ittiri awal nnes d waraw nnes ugar n ca yaḍen, aggwd lebhaym la teggan imci d ifrax nnesen. Rebbi la ittiri awal nnes allig a-s yuca ism n memmis n rebbi
. La ittini lectab iqeddsen «D ntta isul la isawal, han yuk isignu issadden idla-sen. Ca n cwi han yut ṣṣut idda-d zeg isignu la ittini: Wad ayd igan memmi nna iƹezzen ɣifi digs ay gix tayri nu. Ntta a-mi tessɣadem » (Matta 17:5). Sidi rebbi ideḥḥa ɣifnex s ca yuk nna iɣlan ɣurs. Aya-d a-s-ax ilazem a nntwaḍeƹ dat-as aha neqbel lehdiyt nnes taksswat, sidna ƹisa lmasiḥ.
Sseɣd i lbaramij n rradyu s tmaziɣt g lantirnit: « Matta ntta lmasiḥ? (1) » et « Matta ntta lmasiḥ? (2) ».
Sseɣd i izli : A yesuƹ lmasiḥ aya wa cegg ag-gan
Ferrej lfilm «Tudert n sidna ƹisa » :
Ma da iteƹnu memmis n rebbi?
G taḍa tujditt zeg lectab iqeddsen g linjil n yuḥanna la ittini rebbi: «Day rarin wudayn i sidna ƹisa nnan-as: Ur nri ca a-c nerjem xef ca n uskkin iẓill, maca xef lkufer nnec, la tteggat ixf nnec d rebbi d cegg ɣas aryaz ay tgit (Yuḥanna 10:33). Aya-d la-x itenƹu is fehmen wudayn mayd igan memmis n rebbi
. Fehmen mezian aneɣmis n lmasiḥ. Zeg tanila nnesen memmis n rebbi la iteƹnu rebbi s ixf nnes. Maci am uynna txemmamen yits n midden yaḍen. Rebbi ur iḥdadja tamṭṭuṭṭ g tudert nnes. Unna ittinin aya-d hat ur issin awd imil xef rebbi tabaraka wa taƹala.
Ar nttafa altu g lectab n yuḥanna « Aggwd yuk urdjin yannay rebbi. Memmis aferdi, nna illan g wul n ibbas, ntta a-x-t ineƹten » (Yuḥanna 1:18). Aya-d la-x ittini s titt matta ntta lmasiḥ. Ntta ayd iɣiyn iwil nnes ad inƹet aha isḍher rebbi g ddunit i midden. Aggwd yuk ur ittiɣiy ad ig lexdemt-ad ɣas rebbi s ixf nnes.
Ntta ayd iɣiyn ad immet nnig n ṣṣalib (isigel) ḥma ad iɣfer ddnub n midden kul aha ikker zeg lmut.
Sseɣd i lbaramij n rradyu s tmaziɣt g lantirnit: « Tudert n lmasiḥ (1) », « Tudert n lmasiḥ (2) » , « Tudert n lmasiḥ (3) » et « Ismawen n lmasiḥ ».
Sseɣd i izli : Yesuƹ ag-gan rebbi
Ferrej s lmusiqa :
Mayd igan ṣṣalib nɣed isigel?
Ṣṣalib nɣed isigel sin iƹemdan nna ijemƹen g wammas la ttagell digs imujrimen ḥma at-ten nɣen. Sidna ƹisa immut nnig n ṣṣalib
ḥma ad-ax iseɣ s idammen nnes (Tabratt n ɣalaṭiya 3:13). Immut g wansa nnex. Nukni ayd istahell lmut iddex neƹṣa rebbi.
Ṣṣalib ɣas ṛṛemz ayd iga i ufukku n lmasiḥ, digs ayd inƹet rebbi lquwwa nnes d tayri nnes i midden kul (Tabratt tamzwarut n kurintus 1:18). Sidna ƹisa isɣa-yax zeg llƹent n cceriƹa allig yusi llƹent nnex nnig n ṣṣalib (Tabratt n ɣalaṭiya 3:13).
Nukni imumenn imasiḥin ur da ntteƹbad ca ṣṣalib maca unna immuten nnig n ṣṣalib tanila nu d tanila nnec a wma d tanila nnem a wltma.
Sseɣd i izli : G ṣṣalib
Is immut s titt sidna ƹisa nnig n ṣṣalib?
S titt a wma lmasiḥ immut nnig n ṣṣalib
(nɣed isigel). Aggwd winna-t inɣan la tcahaden xef ddnub nnesen. La ittini lectab iqeddsen «Day irar-as kul cceƹb: Idammen nnes ad ttuttin ɣifnex nukni d waraw nnex » (Matta 27:25). « Bilaṭus yaru tirra nnig n ṣṣalib iga digsent: ƹisa n naṣira, agellid n wudayn » (Yuḥanna 19:19).
Amḥḍar nnes nna-t izenzan, immut aggwd ntta inɣa ixf nnes: « Yahuda igra s leflus g timzgida iffeɣ iddu ineɣ ixf nnes » (Matta 27:5).
Udayn d lƹesker irumin ssenen is sidna ƹisa lmasiḥ ayd illan nnig n ṣṣalib maci ca yuk ḍnin (Luqa
23:36 ; Yuḥanna 19:23). D winna iƹicen agids am immas meryem d imḥḍarr nnes ssenen aggwd nitni id unna iɣlan ɣursen ayd illan nnig n ṣṣalib. La ittini lectab « Allig yannay sidna ƹisa immas meryem tama n umḥḍar nna da ittiri, day inna-yas i immas: Han memmim » (Yuḥanna 19:26).
Lectab n taḍa taqdimt
iƹemmer cigan s layat nna isawall xef lmut n lmasiḥ. Id g lectab n taḍa tujditt
lmut n lmasiḥ ayd igan lsas n uneɣmis issfraḥen
nna-x-d yiwi.
Maci imumenn imasiḥin ayd iran ad nɣin lmasiḥ, ntta ayd yudjan midden a-t semmeṛen nnig n ṣṣalib tanila n ddnub n midden kul.
Sidna ƹisa aggwd ntta isiwel xef lmut nnes d tancra nnes
cigan n tikkal al ussan inggura dat n mayd ityumeẓ. Inna-yasen i imḥḍarr nnes « Ha nukni nedda a nnali ɣer lquds, aha ittusellem memmis n benadam i ixatarr n inebdaden d iselmaden n ccariƹa, aha nɣin-t » (Matta 20:18). « La tisinem is lfiṣḥ ad yili g sin wussan nna-d iddan. Memmis n benadam idda ad ittusellem ḥma ad itwagel » (Matta 26:2).
Sseɣd i lbaramij n rradyu s tmaziɣt g lantirnit: « Mayd iga lmasiḥ nnig n wacal? ».
Ferrej laflam-a xef lmut n sidna ƹisa :
Is ikker s titt lmasiḥ zeg lmut?
Tancra n lmasiḥ zeg lmut
ayd igan yut n lmejrit nna igellben ddunit aha ibeddel ttarix abda. Ayyih, a wma, s titt lmasiḥ ikker zeg lmut g wass wis craḍ ḍart n lmut nnes amcinna inna cigan n tikkal d wamcinna itwarun g lectab iqeddsen (Matta 27:62-63 ; Luqa
24:13-27). « Iddex amcinna-d tedda lmut s yun uryaz, tedda-d tancra zeg lmut s yun uryaz. Amci da ttemtaten midden g adam
ad idirr kul nnesen g lmasiḥ» (Tabratt tamzwarut n kurintus 15:21-22).
Tinḍelt n lmasiḥ ixwan la tcahad altu xef tancra nnes zeg lmut (Luqa 24:1-3 ; 13-27). Allig iḍḥer i imḥḍarr nnes cigan n tikkal (Luqa 24:36 ; Yuḥanna 20:19), ƹad ay aɣulen burzen ḥma ad asin tacƹalt n linjil aha zellƹen ineɣmisen issfraḥen
waxxa tekka ɣifsen cigan n tmara. Cigan zigsen ttuƹeddeben, wiyaḍ mmuten xef liman nnesen am cigan n id luluf n wiyaḍ nna-d iddan ḍarasen.
Qbel ad izri lmasiḥ imḥḍarr nnes ḥma ad yali ɣer igenna yudja-yasen-d yut n luṣit takswat inna-sen: « Accmat gat imḥḍarr zeg mayd igan taqbilt, tɣeṭṭsem-ten s ism n ibba, d memmis
, d rruḥ iqeddsen
» (Matta 28:19).
Ferrej laflam-a :
Mayd igan aɣeṭṭes (aƹemmed nɣed lmaƹmudia)?
La ttininn imaziɣen iɣeṭṭes g waman zeƹma ikcem ddaw n waman. Id aɣeṭṭes g lectab iqeddsen la iteƹnu yuk n taḍa n umumen d lmasiḥ dat n midden. La ittenƹat umumen i midden is immut
aha ikker d lmasiḥ
(Tabratt n ruma 6:3, 4; Tabratt n kulussi 2:12).
Yili altu uɣeṭṭes n rruḥ iqeddsen
(nɣed rruḥ lqudus): rruḥ n rebbi la izeddeɣ g umumen nna yumenn g lmasiḥ g talalit tujditt
(Tabratt n ɣalaṭiya 4:6; Tabratt n afasus 1:13, 14).
Mayd igan talalit tujditt?
Ta-d ayd igan lexdemt n rruḥ iqeddsen (nɣed rruḥ lqudus) nna da itegga g umumen ḥma ad yaɣul ad icur g ṭṭebiƹt n rebbi d tudert n lmasiḥ
. S tlalit tujditt benadam la ittili ɣurs tudert tujditt aha yaɣul iga lexliqt tujditt amcinna ittini lectab iqeddsen: « mec illa ca n yuk g lmasiḥ, hatin lexliqt tujditt ayd iga. Isekkinn iqdimen zrin han kulci yaɣul iga ujdid » (Tabratt tis snat n kurintus 5:17).
Allig iƹṣa adam
rebbi kecmen ddnub g ddunit taɣul ṭṭebiƹt n benadam tga tamudnibt. Lmasiḥ issefhem-as i yuk uryaz g lectab n yuḥanna amur wis craḍ is aggwd yuk ur ikeccem ɣer tagellitt n rebbi mec ur iluli d ujdid
.
La itlala umumen s waman d rruḥ. Aman la ssiriden ar ssizdigen, la tmettall awal n rebbi (Tabratt n afasus 5:26) nna da yakkan tudert s lquwwa n rruḥ iqeddsen aha ineɣ isekkinn n ṭṭebiƹt taqdimt g benadam. Rruḥ iqeddsen la yakka i umumen yut n ṭṭebiƹt tujditt nna-d iteddun zeg rebbi (Tabratt tamzwarut n yuḥanna 3:9).
Ferrej lfilm :
Matta ntta rruḥ lqudus?
Rruḥ iqeddsen ntta ayd igan rruḥ n rebbi. Ntta s ixf nnes rebbi ayd iga. Maci ca n lmalak ayd iga nɣed ca n lexliqt yaḍen. Urdjin ikki rebbi bla rruḥ nnes aha ur illi ca n beṭṭu inger rebbi d rruḥ nnes: «…Iddex rruḥ la itƹalam xef kulci aggwd mayd illan ɣer jaj n rebbi. Ur illi ma da ittisin mayd illan g jaj yuk ɣas rruḥ nnes nna illan jaj nnes. Amci-d aggwd yuk ur issin isekkinn n rebbi ɣas rruḥ n rebbi » (Tabratt tamzwarut n kurintus 2:10-11).
Ku amumen ilula zeg rruḥ iqeddsen. Rruḥ iqeddsen la izeddeɣ digs, aha taɣul ddat nnes tga timzgida n rruḥ iqeddsen. Ittuɣeṭṭes aha itturcem s rruḥ iqeddsen (Tabratt tamzwarut n kurintus 12:13; Tabratt n afasus 1:13).
Sseɣd i lbaramij n rradyu s tmaziɣt g lantirnit: « Rruḥ iqeddsen (1)
» et « Rruḥ iqeddsen (2)
».
Ferrej lfilm :
Mayd igan ttalut iqeddsen?
Rebbi d wawal nnes d rruḥ nnes yuk ay gan, sidi rebbi nna-ɣer tella tanbaṭṭ n ddunit. G tmasiḥit wa-d ayd igan ttalut: rebbi ibbatnex, d wawal n rebbi sidna ƹisa lmasiḥ nna ittusemman altu memmis n rebbi (Raƹa aseqsa wis 16.)
d rruḥ n rebbi
igan rruḥ iqeddsen.
G lectab iqeddsen ur illi ca n wawal n ttalut, macan iḍher g ca n iwaliwen n taḍa tujditt
am luqt nna-g ittuɣeṭṭes lmasiḥ xef ufus n yaḥya memmis n zakariya
nɣed yuḥanna itɣeṭṭasen: « ɣas ittuɣeṭṭes lmasiḥ iffeɣ-d zeg waman. Han igenwan reẓmen aha yannay rruḥ n rebbi irs-d ɣifs am utbir aha isel i yuk n wawal idda-d zeg igenna la ittini: wa-d ayd igan memmi nna iƹezzen ɣifi ntta a-g gix tayri nu kul » (Matta 3:16-17).
Mimc teggax ad isinex is tufukkax mad araḥ?
La ittini lectab iqeddsen: « mec tqerrat s uqmu nnec s moulana ƹisa aha tament s wul nnec is-t iskker rebbi zeg imettin
han ceggin a ttfukkut » (Tabratt n ruma 10:9).
Ar ittini altu: « Mec illa ca n yun g lmasiḥ hatin lexliqt tujditt
ayd iga. Kul isekkinn iqdimen zrin, kulci yaɣul iga ujdid» (Tabratt tis snat n kurintus 5:17).
Ar ittini rebbi altu: « Unna yumenn g memmis n rebbi
la ttili ɣurs cchatt g wul nnes. Id unna ur yuminn, rebbi la-t itegga d bu iḥellall iddex ur da ittamen g cchatt n rebbi xef memmis» (Tabratt tamzwarut n yuḥanna 5:10).
Afukku
(nɣed afukka) maci ɣas ca n uxemmim nɣed ca n rray at-t itfur benadam macan yuk ubeddel d uɣeyyer nna da ijerrun g wul n umumen nna ituben adday imlaqay d lmasiḥ. Afukku ntta aḥerrer n benadam imeƹṣi adday itub aha yamen g ḍḍḥit n sidna ƹisa nnig n ṣṣalib
.
Ferrej lfilm :
Mayd igan ttuba nɣed ttubt?
Ttuba nttat adday yuci benadam s ddnub nnes aha indem ɣifsen itwaḍeƹ dat n unna-t ixelqen. Adday ibeddel benadam rray nnes ur iẓill ḥma ad yaɣul ɣer sidi rebbi aha yaɣul ɣurs yuk uraƹa ujdid.
La ittini lectab s imi n umḥḍar n lmasiḥ: « beccerex s uneɣmis n ttuba d uƹayd ɣer rebbi s lefƹayl iẓill n ttuba
, beccerex s uneɣmis-ad i midden g dimacq d win lquds d lyahudiya d legnus yaḍen» (Isekkinn nna gan imazann 26:20
). « Tubat iwa taɣulem ɣer sidi rebbi ḥma ad-awen ttumḥun ddnub nnun» (Isekkinn nna gan imazann 3:19
).
Ferrej lfilm:
Ferrej lqist nna iƹawed sidna ƹisa xef ttuba tarslit:
Mayd igan aɣul nɣed aƹayd n benadam ɣer rebbi?
Ḥma ad yaɣul yuk ɣer rebbi lazem ad ibeddel abrid nna yumeẓ. Ad ibeddel abrid nna izellan s ubrid n ufukku
nna iƹdel rebbi. Ḥma ad ikcem yuk ɣer tagellitt n igenna lazem ad itub zeg lmeƹṣiyat nnes d tudert nnes ur iẓill. La ittini lmasiḥ: « S titt awen ttinix mec ur taɣulem ɣer rebbi aha tgim am icirran ur tkeccemm ɣer tagellitt n igenna» (Matta 18:3).
Aƹayd ɣer rebbi la itffur ttuba ḥma ad-as ttuɣferr i benadam ddnub nnes. La ittini lectab: « Tubat iwa taɣulem ɣer sidi rebbi ḥma ad-awen ttumḥun ddnub nnun» (Isekkinn nna gan imazann 3:19
).
Sseɣd i lbaramij n rradyu s tmaziɣt g lantirnit: « Mayd ilazmen d may da teggan imumenn imasiḥin (1) » et « Mayd ilazmen d may da teggan imumenn (2) ».
Ferrej lfilm « Lqist n zakka » xef uƹayd ɣer rebbi :
Mayd igan taẓallit?
Taẓallit nttat adday da isawal umumen d rebbi. Yut n lƹalaqa n wawal d ussɣad. Maci ca n lwajib nna itegga benadam s ibeddi d uqqejdim d uƹawed n iwaliwen g yits n lawqat, macan yuk ussemɣur s benadam adday ikcem ad imgraw d rebbi s rruḥ nnes akw mani luqt d akw manida. La ittini lectab: « Ẓẓalat dima terzum i sidi rebbi s rruḥ. Ad ur tbeddat zeg uynna aha tẓẓalim tanila n imumenn kul nnesen» (Tabratt n afasus 6:18).
Yuk n wass rzan-as imḥḍarr i lmasiḥ ad asen ilemmed ad ẓẓalin day inna-sen: « adday tram ad tẓẓalim iniyat: a ibbatnex nna illan g igenna ad ittuqeddes ism nnec, ad-d teddu tgellitt nnec, aha yili lxaḍer nnec nnig n wacal am igenna. Uc-ax ƹafac aɣrum nnex ass s wass. Ɣefr-ax ddnub nnex amci da ntteɣfar i winna idenben dignex. Ad ur-ax ssekjam g ca n ujerreb macan ḥḍu-yax zeg iblis. Iddex cegg a-ɣer tella tenbaṭṭ d lquwwa d lƹezz abda n wabda. Amin» (Matta 6:9-13). Amci-d ay taɣul tẓallit am yuk umdacar inger umumen amasiḥi d rebbi ibbas nna illan g igenna s wawal nɣed lluɣa nna-s yuca.
Taẓallit yun umdacar idamen inger umumen d ibbas rebbi. La ittini lmasiḥ g linjil: « adday da tẓallam ad ur teggat am lmunafiqin nna da itẓallan beddan g timzgida d tɣemrin n iberdan ḥma at-ten annayn midden. S titt awen ttinix umẓen lajer nnesen. Id cegg adday da tẓallat kcem ɣer lbit nnec teqqent tiflut aha tẓẓalt i ibbac nna illan dis. Ntta nna-c ittannayn, ntta a-c itwajaben» (Matta 6:5-6).
Mayd igan aẓum?
Aẓum ntta adday ibeƹƹed benadam i wutci d waman (Astir 4:16 ; Ufuɣ 34:28). La itekkes umumen utci i ddat nnes ḥma ad ur ig lxaḍer nnes ntta maca ad ixemmem g lxaḍer n rebbi. Aẓum maci ad itc benadam g iḍ ḥma ad ur itc s wass. Unna ittaẓumen, maci ḥma ad irzu utci ɣer tadggwat. La ittaẓum umumen ḥma ad iqerreb i rebbi, maci i midden.
Han mayd inna lmasiḥ xef uyad: « adday taẓumem ad ur teqqnat inir nnun am lmunafiqin nna isexsaṛ udmawen nnesen ḥma ad neƹten i midden is aẓumen. S titt awen ttinix umẓen lajer nnesen. Id cegg adday taẓumt, dhen ixf nnec tssirtt udem nnec ḥma ur tteḍhart i midden is taẓumt, maca i ibbac nna issen mayd illan g wul nnec, Ntta ad-ac irar ingratun » (Matta 6:16-18).
Day inni dix altu linjil: Day iqqis sidna ƹisa lqist-ad i winna da ttinin g ixfawen nnesen hatin mnan aha ar tḥeqqarn wiyaḍ, inna-yasen: « Ddan sin n irgezn ɣer taddart n rebbi ḥma ad ẓẓalin, yuk aferrisi d wayḍ aṣennak. Day ibedd uferrisi ar itẓalla ingr-as d ixf nnes ar ittini: « A rebbi, da-c teḥmadx iddex ur gix imeƹsi am midden ḍnin nna da ttacernin, ar ttekkesex leƹcur xef winna da-d ttrarax kul ». Id aṣennak, ibedda g ttisaƹ ur iɣi awd ad ihezza allen nnes ɣer igenna, ar ikkat idmarn nnes ar ittini: « A rebbi rḥem-yi, hatin gix imeƹsi! » Ad-awen inix: Hatin aṣennak ad idda ɣer taddart nnes irḍa ɣifs rebbi, ur-id am uferrisi. Iddex unna issemẓiyn ixf nnes idda ad ittusxater id unna isxatern ixf nnes idda ad ittussemẓiy » (Luqa 18:9-14).
Sseɣd i lbarnamej n rradyu xef uẓum nna iga sidna ƹisa: Ajerreb n lmasiḥ .
Mayd igan lkanisa nɣed leknist?
Leknist nɣed ajemmuƹ nɣed agraw ntta kul imumenn nna isɣa lmasiḥ s idammen nnes, zeg allig-d irs rruḥ iqeddsen
g wass n xemsin ar tawada tis snat n lmasiḥ
ḥma ad yawi kul winna yiss yumenn (Matta 16:16-18 ; Tabratt n afasus 2:20-22).
G luqt-ad kul leknist tamasiḥit la tjmaƹ kul imumenn irsliten ityissenn ɣer rebbi nna iƹicen g ca n luqt nnig n wacal (Tabratt tis snat n timutawus 2:19-21). Kul aynna illa ugraw n imumenn
, la ittusemma leknist n wansa-nna. Leknist-ad ayd igan yun ṭṭerf zeg leknist g ddunit kul nna igan dat n lmasiḥ (Tabratt n afasus 1:1 ; Tabratt n filibbi 1:1).
Leknist maci lbaṭima nɣed ca n umzduɣ yaḍen macan kul imumenn s lmasiḥ zeg lmut n lmasiḥ
ar-d yaɣul. Ur tebni ɣas s iselliwen iddern zeƹma imumenn irsliten (Tabratt tamzwarut n butrus 2:5; Tabratt n afasus 2:21-22).
Sseɣd i lbaramij n rradyu s tmaziɣt g lantirnit: « Leknist (agraw n imumenn) » et « Azelleƹ n tmasiḥit g ddunit ».
Ferrej lfilm « Iskkinn nna gan imazann » xef tlalit n leknist :
Is isul lmasiḥ ad yaɣul ɣer nnig n wacal?
Wa-d ayd igan rrja akswat n imumenn irsliten s lmasiḥ (Tabratt n tiṭus 2:13). Ad-d iddu lmasiḥ
ḥma ad yawi imumenn ɣer tama nnes (Tabratt tamzwarut n tasaluniki 4:17 ; Tabratt tamzwarut n kurintus 15:51-57).
Wa-d ayd igan rrja n imumenn irsliten g mayd igan ansiwen d lawqat. Ass-nna a-mi da jjujuden imumenn s tamunt nnesen d rebbi d ḍḍaƹt n wawal nnes. Rrja-yad ad-ax yakkan lquwwa d ufraḥ ḥma a nnezzri tamara n ddunit d nukni la ntyunuy mulana nnex
ad-d yaɣul ɣurnex.
Rrja n benadam ur digs lamin maci am rrja amasiḥi iṣḥan issfraḥen. Rebbi ay-t iqawlen, ur digs tiḥellall. Isul ad ijru uya-d ɣer dat. (Tabratt n ruma 8:24, 25).
Ferrej s lmusiqa:


text:
Samedi 17 juillet 2021
Tamazɣa Idduklen, d abrid ɣezzifen…
Inekraf/imeḥbas yellan ass-a di yal tiɣremt ẓran ɣef wacu i d-kkren. Ur d-kkiren ɣef twacult-nsen, neɣ ɣef taddart-nsen, neɣ ɣef tiɣremt-nsen kan. Nutni kkren-d akken tamurt n Lezzayer ad tbedd d tamurt n tarwa-s, d tamurt n izerfan akked talwit.
Amkan n inekraf n hirak/tanekra yella deg yexxamen-nsen, ɣer watmaten-nsen. Ur illi d amkan nniḍen iwumi medlent tebbura.
Tiɣri n ugdud/uɣref iban ur iffir, di yal tikli n talwit deg iberdan, d talalit n Lezzayer tamaynut n tidett, mačči d tin n usekkak akked tefranin n zzur n « buṭi neɣ qqim, Muḥend yaâdda, yaâdda ! », n zik-nni.
Tamuɣli d-iffɣen si yal tikli, d talalit n tmurt tameqqrant i yellan yakan deg umezruy, d tiɣri : ‘’Pour une Afrique du Nord des droits de l’Homme’’, am akken yura s tira tazeggaɣt deg ubrid.
D asirem-a i yuklalen ad neseddu awal fell-as, acku llan wuguren. Anwa asalu ur d-nemlal uguren, meẓẓiyen neɣ meqqren ?
Nekkni ad asen-neg isem akken ad d-ffɣen i tafat :
Tamuɣli n ‘’nnig ukanun’’ iwumi nsemma ‘’tilelli ɣas tewweḍ-d tmes axxam’’,
Tawekka n taârabt-tinneslemt (arabo-islamisme) ikecmen gar yiccer d weksum,
Tiḥḥerci n tmura n umaḍal akken ur d-tettlal tmurt n Tmazɣa n izerfan.
1. Tamuɣli n »nnig ukanun »
Asalu-nni n ‘’tlelli akken tebɣu tili’’, di yiwet tama yella d tazmert tameqqrant, di tama nniḍen d ugur anect n udrar ; yal taddart d tilellit, yal tawsimt/laârc d tilellit, yal tamnaṭ/région d tilellit. Di tmara n ṭṭrad kan i ddukulent ; mi yefra yimenɣi, yal yiwen ad yezzi ɣer tagduda-s, s udabu-s, s izerfan-is akked laâwayed-is. Imussnawen yessnen tamurt-nnaɣ ufan-d aẓar n waṭan i yuɣen tamurt, armi d-ttasen imnekcmen yiwen deffir wayeḍ (Ifniqen, Ruman, Iwandalen, Aâraben, Iterkiyen, Ifransiyen), armi d aseggas n 1962.
Si tallit n Yugerten ur teddukel tmurt akken ad teg adabu i d-ilulen seg iẓuran-is akken ad yizmir ad yezdi tiɣermin d temnaḍin, ad tbedd tmurt n Tmazɣa d yiwet. Timucuha n tdukli n tmurt i d-illan seg umussu n ‘’Imrabḍen/El Murabiṭun’’ akked win n Imwaḥden/El Muwaḥḥidin’’, ur zmirent ad ffrent iṭij s uɣerbal. I snat, d amussu aberrani n tinneslemt i ten-iseddan.
Tikli n umussu n hirak/tanekra tessefk ad tekkes tamuɣli-nni n zik n ‘’tlelli n war talast’’. D azref akked teɣdemt /justice i d asafar amezwaru akken ad d-ilal wudem n udabu issefken i tmurt. Yiwet tefra, mačči d win n jacobinisme i d-iqqimen si mi teffeɣ Fransa, acku yessuffeɣ tamurt ɣer twaɣit n wass-a. D timanit n temnaḍin illan deg umezruy i d abrid-is, ma ddment tamussni yellan ass-a, akken ad ddunt di ‘’lweqt-nsent’’ i bennu n tmurt tameqqrant n tagmatt, tallalt akked talwit.
2. Tawekka n taârabt-tinneslemt
Di yal tamurt i tekcem tsertit adabu yellan s taârabt-tinneslemt, amzun tekcem di tnifift-nni n tbuciḍant/oeil du cyclone. Am udabu n ukaskiḍ i yebna Bumedyen si 1962, am igelliden n usekkak di Merruk, am udabu n tunes yerran tamuɣli-s ɣer wagmuḍ n igelliden n petrol, am Libya n Geddafi inegren, yiwen usalu-nsen : ur d-fkin azar si tmurt taneslit, seg yidles n tmurt.
Ma neqqim di tmurt n Lezzayer kan, amur ameqqran n yemdanen yellan deg udabu (FLN, ANP, taɣdemt, aɣerbaz akked tneɣlaft n ddin, …) frurxen-d seg yidles n taârabt-tinneslemt. Deg wallaɣ-nsen llan d Aâraben-inselmen, mačči d Izzayriyen d Imaziɣen ; ɣas s wawal cennun « Ǧazaa’iru-na, ya bilad el judud ».
D nutni i d-issuffɣen tasertit n ‘’badisiyya-nuvembrya’’di 2019, s wannayen n Palestine di tnemmast Lezzayer, akken ad uraren s umezruy, zun d taârabt-tinneslemt i d-ikksen tamurt si gar tuccar n temhersa n Fransa.
Ass-a ‘’taârabt-tinneslemt’’ d ugur ameqqran, acku tsenned ɣer tmura taârabin n wagmuḍ, ɣer tgeldiyin n Qatar, Limarat, Saâudeyya… Tella tedrimt tameqqrant akken ad seddun tasertit-nsen. Amedya d anekcum di tkebbaniyin n tdamsa di tmurt, d iqulab n wureɣ/lingots d’or i d-fkan akken ad seččen ineɣlafen n tmurt. Mačči d yiwet twaɣit.
Iswi n tsertit taârabt-tinneslemt akked tsalafit, d tawekka di yal tamurt. Anda tekcem ad tebḍu tmurt d iḥedren : Lubnan, Libya, Laâiraq ass-a…
Tamurt n Lezzayer ur d-teteffeɣ si yir tagnitt deg tella ma tenker iman-is, tenker amezruy-is d yidles-is, teqqim d taxunit n tmura n wagmuḍ, Saâudeyya, Qatar, …
Yiwen usalu i yellan, d taddukli n yal amussu di Merruk, Lezzayer, Tunes d Libya akken ad tebnu Tmazɣa tameqqrant, d tamurt zdat UE/Urupa yedduklen.
3. Tiḥḥerci n tmura n umaḍal akken ur d-tettlal tmurt n Tmazɣa tameqqrant.
Akka llant tmura n Tmazɣa bḍant am ibawen ɣef lluḥ, akken llant teddunt deg wammud/lfayda n tmura tiberraniyin. Am Fransa, Ṭelyan, Spanya… yiwet ur tessarem ad d-tlal tmurt tamaynut n Tmazɣa Idduklen n nnig 100 imelyunen n imezdaɣ. Akken tebḍa tezmer-nsent (Merruk, Lezzayer, Tunes, …), i tettimɣur lfayda n tmura tixsimin-nsent, di yal tamsalt, di tdamsa neɣ deg wayen nniḍen. D urar yettwassnen, i yellan di yal tama n umaḍal.
Abrid n bennu n Tmazɣa Idduklen ɣezzif maca mačči d awezɣi. Ma yekka-d umussu seg ugdud, d bennu iteddun ad idum. Ma ur nessin amek, yal yiwen ad yefk tamuɣli ɣer tkerkas ɣef tebna tejmaât n UMA/Union du Maghreb Arabe, zun d urar n terbaât-nni yeqqimen i diminu, yal yiwen ikkat ad asen-ikellex i wiyaḍ. Mačči d win i d abrid, issefk abrid nniḍen.
D tiddukliwin n yal tamurt, di yal annar (tadama, tasekla, addal, idles s umata, ikabaren …) i yellan d ifadden ur issanaf yiwen ɣer wayen nniḍen.
Taggara, mačči d petrol, lgaz akked tedrimt i d afud n tddukli akken ad zdint tmura yellan ass-a bḍant, d abgas n tarwa n tmurt di yal tiɣremt, i tddukli ur tessefcal twekka n beṭṭu, d taârabt-tinneslemt neɣ d aṭan nniḍen azekka.
Tigusa llant, rsant : d amezruy, d idles akked d usirem i yimmal n tarwa n tmurt, d azekka iteddun ad yif iḍelli.
D asalu ur nelli d win n ‘’at ukakskiḍ n tiɣilt ufella’’ i yesseqdacen tamsalt n Polisario zun d aseffud !


text:
Tafekka tameẓyant n usud anafuk
Deg 2006, Tiddukla tasnallunt tagreɣlant tgelme-d d akken tafekka tameẓyant n usud anafuk d d akken-it d yal tafekka yettezzin ɣef tfukt, Acku send n weglam n umtiweg d umtiweg agezlan nnan-d:
«Tifekkiwin n iden yakk iy tezzin ɣef tfukt ad tettusemma s umata (Tafekka tameẓyant n usud anafuk), Aya ad yessedu ula d izunyuren n usud anafuk d uzal ameqran tfekkiwin tidfirniptunin d yakk ismilen d tfekkiwin timeẓyanin n iden»
S wanect-a, Anagar imtiwgen d imtiwgen igezlanen, isem n tfekkiwin n iden deg wusud anafuk yuɣal d "Tifekkiwin timeẓyanin n usud anafuk


text:
Ass n 11.02.2017 lliɣ tedduɣ abrid abrid di Frankfurt am Main, wḍeɣ ɣer tlemmast n weɣrem dinna ufiɣ kra n yimdanen refden anay amaziɣ, ttsuɣun: „Imaziɣen, Imaziɣen“. Din din yennecraḥ wul-iw, nniɣ d yiman-iw, atna watmaten-iw. Ihi kecmeɣ gar-asen. Dinna ufiɣ kra deg-sen ssneɣ-ten. Ihi beddeɣ yid-sen, ttsuɣuɣ ula d nekki „Imaziɣen“ am nutni.
Ayen i d-yessufɣen Imaziɣen-a ɣer webrid d timegreṭ i tewwi temsulta (la police) di Lḥusima (Al Hoceima) di tmurt n Imaziɣen di Lmerruk. Mouhcine Fikri d arzaz amaziɣ yellan yeznuzu iselman dinna. Tamsulta tekkes-as iselman yeznuzu, tegri-t ɣer ukamiun n „zzbel“, dɣa yemmut. (Annect-a neɣra-t deg yiɣmisen n waṭas n tmura). Mass Fikri yettwamḍel ass n 30.10.2016.
Timgreṭ i tewwi temsulta n udabu amerruki terna ɣer twuɣa n iseggassen akk d „leqrun“ iɛeddan mgal aɣref amaziɣ. Ssarameɣ Imaziɣen (Timaziɣin) merra anidda llan a d ddkulen seg yiḍes-
nsen, ad cemmren iɣllan-nsen ad ddun deg wbrid n telli, i wakken ad ssudsen timura-nsen s yiman-nsen, ad fken tamawt ɣef tarwa-nsen, i wakken ad tedder di talwit akk d tlelli.


text:
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Feuerwehr mit Muskelkraft
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text:
Tamaḍunt
Tamaḍunt (s tɛṛabt : مرض) tga kullu man asnfl ittjṛun ɣ tdusi n ufgan nɣ n kra n umaddar yaḍni, asnfl ad iẓḍaṛ ad ig afggan (izdi d tfgga) nɣ animan (izdi d iman).
Tamaḍunt tmzaray f waṭṭan (aṭṭan). Iɣ ar nsawal f waṭṭan at ar nsawal f usnyuddr n kra n tmaḍunt ɣ kra n tmazirt nɣ kra n udɣar.
Aṭṭan[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Aṭṭan (Asgt : Aṭṭanen nɣ Aṭṭann) iga taɣarast nna s tettmuttuy kra n tmaḍunt gr ufgan d wayyaḍ, zund tamaḍunt n Kuṛuna tga aṭṭan, macc, ur a nttini i kra n tmaḍunt mas tga aṭṭan abla iɣ ar ttmuttuy gr ufgan d wayyaḍ s tizzla.
Timaḍunin tifgganin (tin tafgga)[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Akucm: Tamaḍunt n kra n ufgan ur iẓḍaṛn ad ismass iḍaṛn nns nɣ ifassn nɣ kra n udɣar yaḍni g tfgga nns.
- Abukḍ: Tamaḍunt n twallin nna ittajjan afgan ad ur yisfiw mliḥ, zun iɣ nit tnnit inaqṣ as iẓṛi.
- Abiḍṛ: Tamaḍunt n iḍaṛn.
- Ttufis :
- Tawla: tattuyt nɣ aɣlay n tẓɣlt (température).
- Buglib : nɣ kuliṛa. Tamaḍunt ad tkcim d s Lmɣrib ɣ tusut tiss 19, smman as imɣribin Buglib acku ar tnqqa afgan ɣ udɣar[1].
- Aḍḍuṛḍṛ: Tamaḍunt n imzgan nna ittajjan afgan ad ur issflid.
- Aẓẓnẓn: Tamaḍunt n wanna ur iẓḍaṛn ad isawl s imi nns (tamaḍunt n wawal).
- Buḥmṛun :
- Ẓṛbiyyun :
- Tikḍit: Tamaḍunt ittilin ɣ ifrxan mẓẓiynin, ar asn tkkat angraw n unfus (ur ar ttiẓḍiṛn ad sskcmn ula ssufɣn unfus)
- Taylalt : Tga yat tmaḍunt ittilin ɣ tḍṛanin (ifṛxan sul ssumumnin) mẓẓiynin (urta ylkimn asggas) akud nna fllasn ikka ugḍiḍ n taylalt (agḍiḍ n yiḍ, nɣ tagḍiḍt n tiwwutci). Akud nna tzri taylalt f taḍṛant g iḍ ar ttuḍan taḍṛant ar ka tsɣuyyu g iḍ kullut, bac a ijji ixṣṣa kra n urgaz iwmẓn taylalt iɛbṛtt s ifassn ns a iɛbṛ taḍṛantaɣ ula nttat s ifassn ns.
- Tasttiɣt n wul : Ar ttinin middn mas kra n ufgan istɣas wul (nɣ ibbaqqy as wul nɣ akkʷ ar ttinin ifssa as wul), ig as ifssa wul akud nna issfld i kra n unɣmis ixcnn nɣ ifssa as wul ns ɣir ɣmkan waḥdut.
- Bayyuṛ : Ar as ttinin middn ula sawraɣ (Buṣffiṛ s ddarija), iga yat tmaḍunt ikkatn afgan nna ur a icttan mliḥ nɣ ur ar ictta utci amnnaw, ar gis ttdrusun idammn nɣ ar gis ttḍɛafn, mayad a ittajjan aklu ns a ig awraɣ (aṣfṛi).
- Tabawt :
- Ajḍḍiḍ nɣ ajjiḍ : iga yat tmaḍunt n ilm, akud nna srs yuḍn kra n ufgan ar ittḥukku ɣ yilm ns. Nẓḍaṛ ad nini mas ajḍḍiḍ ar ittmattay sg ufgan s wayyaḍ.
- Aẓbbaṛ :
- Bumzwi :
- Taxnnagit (nɣ Lxnnagit) :
- Tafuri :
- Tatunya (nɣ Tatinya) :
- Srrstam
Timaḍunin tinimanin (tin iman)[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Anufl (nɣ Ammaɛḍṛ nɣ Iṣiḍ nɣ d akkʷ Axxlu): Tamaḍunt n ufgan mi ilaḥ anlli (lɛaqql) nns.
- Axuftu: Tamaḍunt n ufgan ur sul izzgan yat, ur sul ar iswingim mzyan ula ar ikkʷtti (ittɛaqqal) mzyan (amata n yimuḍan gan middn imqqurn ɣ lɛmṛ).
- Adduhdu: Tamaḍunt n ufgan mi ifta unlli (lɛaqql) nns imiqq yaɣul d (zun d kra n yan iskrn kra n ungas (lksida)).
Lqusuni[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ɣ ma izrin, lliɣ urta llin isgnafn, akud nna d ikcm kra n waṭṭan s kra n tmazirt, da skarn ayt tmazirt yat tgmmi ar gis smunun willi yuḍnn s tmaḍunt bac ad ur sgitsn tmmatti tmaḍunt s middn yaḍni, tigmmi ad ism as "Lqusuni".
Ar tgawarn imuḍan ɣ lqusuni ar iɣ jjin nɣ mmutn.
Timaḍunin (timukrisin) n iɣsan[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Tiṛṛẓi : Ar nttini iṛṛẓa iɣss
- Afttak (nɣ Allɣzm) : ar nttini iftk (nɣ illɣzm) kra n yan, iftk as uḍaṛ nɣ afus, akud nna imfawat iɣss sg udɣar nns macc ur iṛṛẓi.
Tawlaft s iẓnẓaṛn n X n ufus iṛṛẓan
Ẓṛ uggar[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tiɣbula[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Amgrad ad iga amud, imẓẓiy ka sul. Aws i Wikipidya s usnfl nns, tssimɣurt t.


text:
D anaẓur alsawi (artiste humaniste), aflurunti (Ṭelyan), d amekla (peintre), d asreqqat (sculpteur), d amasdag (architecte), d ajenyur u d amassan.
Leonardo da Vinci d Aṭuskani (agafa n Ṭelyan), ilul ass n 15 di yebrir 1452 di temdint Vinci zdat n Firenze. Ar usegg°as 1466 ikcem d anelmad (garzone akken i sen-qqaren di Ṭelyan) ad d-ilmed takult d usreqqet deg usak°en (atelier) n Andrea del Verrocchio (1435-1488). Seg usegg°as 1478 Léonard de Vinci yuɣal d anaẓur ilelli.
Deg usegg°as 1482 Leonardo da Vinci ikcem d ajenyur n Ludovic Sforza, amḍebber (duc) n Milano.
Deg usegg°as 1502 iqdec d ajenyur i César Borgia amḍebber n Romagne. Yuɣal ar Milan deg usegg°as 1506. Deg usegg°as 1507 iṭṭef amḍiq d amekla n Louis XII n Fransa izedɣen imiren di Milano.
Seg usegg°as 1514 ar usegg°as 1516 idder di Rome s ddaw ijufar n Ubab (pape) Léon X, izdeɣ di teɣremt (palais) Belvedère di "le Vatican", din iqqdec tussna.
Deg usegg°as 1516 Leonardo da Vinci iwweḍ ar Fransa d aqeddac n François I. Asegg°as-ines aneggaru idder-it di teɣremt n Clos-Lucé, zdat n Amboise anda immut ass n 2 di magu 1519.
Gar tiktulin n Léonard de Vinci llant:
Madone Benois (v. 1478, asalay (musée) n Ermitage, Saint-Pétersbourg).
Tugna n Ginevra Benci (1481, National Gallery, Washington).
Saint Jérôme ur ikfi ara (v. 1481, pinacothèque du Vatican).
La Vierge aux rochers, i deg llant snat n tugnatin (tamenzut, iga-tt deg usegg°as 1483, tella teḥrez di Louvre).


text:
Adanbala
Jubitir nɣ Jupitir nɣ Adanbala () iga yan umtiwg lli kullu imqqurn ɣ unagraw anafuk, s ubddur imqqurn s 2,5 f imtiwgn ann iɣaman munn, macc ar ittɣama iga ɣar yan zzɣ ifḍ ɣ ubddur n tfukt.
Amtiwg n Udanbala iga amtiwg lli bahra immrwasn d tfukt ɣ tnɣa nns. waxxa txṣṣa tuqqna ns n uhidrujin a ttimɣur s 75 n tkklit f ma ttga ɣilad afad ad ig itri, d ixṣṣa a yimɣut ɣar s 13 n tkklit i ujdr n udyutiryum afad ad ig aguzzal admman.
Tigniwt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ar ittnnḍ udanbala uggar n kra igat amtiwg yaḍni, s umntil n wannḍ ad ar ttilin kra n ijawwan iggutn ɣ tsna nns, d maya d a immntiln ɣ uddnki n n tigniwt zzɣ tasgiwin ku tasga tṭṭaf aklu nns. zund tandiwin d ijawwan inmgaln n ijawwan ilɣuɣn.
Ayyurn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iṭṭaf umtiwg n udanbala azwil n ayyurn i kullu imqqurn ɣ unagraw nɣ ar lkkmn ar 79 n wayyur macc mẓẓin kigan abla kkuẓ ad igan ayyurn imqqurn assaɣ nnsn: galilu - uṛuba - janimid - kalistu, d iga janimid ayyur amqqran kullu ɣ unagraw anafuk d ittugr akk° amtiwg n uzwaq.
Ayyurn igaliliyn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ɣ 1610, yufa Galili kkuẓ n iyyurn mqqurnin ittdwwarn f Jubitir. Ismma asn "Imtiwgn imidisiyn" fad ad yall ssiɛr i igldunn n twja n Midisis. Tga tuniẓt akk iwzarn n kra n wayyur yaḍn ur igi win Akal. Ganimid iga ayyur akk mqqur ɣ ubddur anafuk, iṭṭaf 5 262 km ɣ waqqa. Caliṣṭu, iṭṭaf 4 821 km, illa ɣunct n Azwaq. Iyu d Urupa ṭṭafn yat tiddi irwasn i tin Wayyur n wakal. Ayyur wiss smmus iga t Amalṭi, tiddi nns ur tzri 262 km. Kraḍ ɣ wayyurn ad igaliliyn (Iyu, Urupa d Ganimid) qrrbn bahra i Jubitir.
Tamdayt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iga udanbala tafgga tiss kkuẓt immu iggut usmrqqi nns ɣ ignwan nnɣ ffir n tafukt d wayyur d umaḍan, d ittuẓḍaṛ a ittuẓṛa ɣ ḍyyḍ.
Tanɣa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ar iddnkay umtiwg n udanbala zzɣ tangiwin imaslakn d imṭṭi (ablulu), d ur iṭṭaf tasna.
Taduli[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ahidrujin igan imṭṭi nttan ad igan amnhaḍ f igr amqqran n umtiwg ad, idusn s mraw n tikkal f wakal, d udwas n usfaylu amɣnaḍisan idusn s ma ilkkmn ar 20.000 n tkklit f asfaylu n wakal.
Wul[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ar ittuɣal mas iṭṭaf udanbala adasil imnẓi, d uddnkay n ul ur bahra igi amnɣud, d ur ittussan mas iga imṭṭi nɣd iqqur, macc ar ittuɣal mas iqqur.


text:
Mbaɛed tamettant n tnelmadt tatyartit deg tmzduɣt tasdawant n WLED FAYET tefḍeḥ-d liḥala n miḥyaf i tettidir tesdawit Tazzeyrit, d tazɣent deg yal aḥric? ama d učči ama d ayen yecudden ɣer uɣudu , leqraya neɣ d tezdeg.
Ayen yeswhamen d tufɣa n uneɣlaf asdawannan anda i d-iwked d akken awanek d win i d-yettaken tadrimt meqqren i ulmud-a macca deg unnar ur d-ibban wara ɣef aya issawl-d ar uɛeddi deg ugzum mdden ɣer win ussileg xarṣum ad nebdu deg wayen iqnen ar tneččit, arnu ɣur-s yenna d akken llan ixedamen d wid ur nxddem ara akken iwata.
Ma Tadukli Taɣelnawt n Yinelmaden Izzayriyen d wid yesawallen i ussgem i kra yellan deg tmezduɣin tisdawanin ama d asaḥmu deg texxamin n yiḍes, deg tneččit d wayen-nniḍen imi ɣer iɛeggalen-a ilaq uɛiwed amatu i liḥala tettidir tesdawit ass-a n wussan.


text:
Arwas n Kuṛunavirus di Ṭelyan 2020
Arwas n Kuṛunavirus 2020 di Ṭelyan yettwasentmen unfufed-is deg wass n 31 yennayer ass mi id yettwabeyyen d akken sin n imerrayen n Ccinwa yuɣ-iten SARS-CoV-2 deg temdint n Roma, Sin akin deg wass n 21 fuṛaṛ ttwasnermen-tt-d 16 n tegnatin g Lumbardya w azekkuya-nni (22 fuṛaṛ) rnant-d 60 n tegnatin d tegnit tamenzut n tmekkast.
Seg wussan ineggura n fuṛaṛ, Ṭelyan tuɣal d tamurt yenṭerren yakk s waṭas deg Uruppa s usrag n unfufed d usefruret n Covid-19, Dɣa tezga-d d tis snat deg wuṭṭun n yigam d tmezwarut deg wuṭṭun n tmekkasin.
Tignatin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Anfufed[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ẓeṛ daɣen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Arwas n Kuṛunavirus di Ležžayer 2020
- Arwas n Kuṛunavirus di Spanya 2020
- Arwas n Kuṛunavirus di Fṛansa 2020
- Arwas n Kuṛunavirus deg Iwunak Yeddukklen 2020
- Arwas n Kuṛunavirus deg Umeṛṛuk 2020
- Arwas n Kuṛunavirus di Miẓran 2020
- Arwas n Kuṛunavirus di Israyel 2020
- Arwas n Kuṛunavirus di Perú 2020
- Anfufed n Covid-19 s unect n iwunak


text:
Numidya
Numidya nɣ inumidn (s tlatint: Numidia) tkka tt inn tga yat tgldit tamaziɣt tqburt, tlla ɣ ugafa utrim n tfriqt n ugafa, g tuddma tumẓ ikalwin da issnin Ddzayr tatrart maccan ḍarat ilkm yan uzmz, tmqqur gis alliɣ tlkm ad tamẓ aylli igan dɣil Tuns d Libya d kra n igzzumn zɣ Lmɣrib. Ibḍa yadlli ungraw asrtan "Massylii" ɣ ugmmuḍ d "Masaesyli" ɣ utaram. Ɣ Imnɣi Abuniq Wis Sin (218-201 D.T), Inra ugllid n "Massylii", Massinisa, Sifaks n "Masaesyli" bac ad ismun Numidya ad tg yat tgldit. Tagldit ad tssnta am uwanek ilelli yaɣul ilmma ɣ yan wakud ar ittmlillay gr waddad n tmnaḍt taṛumant d waddad n uwank uḍfir Aṛumi.
Amzruysnfl
Tasimantsnfl
Ar aqqran imaratn imzaryn igrikn i mddn ad s yism "Nouάδeς" (i.g. Irḥḥaln), lli yaɣuln "Numidae" s ufasr alatin[1]. Maccan amẓlay g umzruy, Gabriyil Kamp, igr nn turda f tannayt ad, ikk tasga n usala awfriq n yirm[2].
Tikklt izwarn ad d ibayn yism ad tlla ɣ dar Pulibyus (tasuta tis snat D.T.) bac ad isskn imdann d ikaliwn ɣ utaram n Qarṭaj nna ɣ gan ikaliwn n ugafa n Dzayr ar asif n Mulucha (Muluya) lli yagan d Wahṛan sg unẓul kra n 160 Kilomitr[3].
Kkan tt inn inumidn bḍan f snat tqbilin tixatarin: Massyili ɣ Numidya tagmuḍant d Masaysyli ɣ utaram. Ɣ wussan n ugzzum amzwaru ɣ Yimnɣi Abuniq Wis Sin, kkan tt inn Massyli n ugmuḍ, ddaw ugllid nnsn Gala, llan g tuṛfa d Qarṭaj lliɣ tt inn kkan Masaysyli, ddaw ugllid nnsn Sifaks, llan g tuṛfa d Ṛuma. Tssimɣur tgldit n Masaysyli iwutta nns ddaw Sifaks aylliɣ tumẓ sɣ wasif n Muluya ar asif n Rhuml[4].
Maccan ɣ 206 D.T., iskr ugllid amaynu n inumidn igmuḍann Massinisa tuṛfa d Ṛuma, immatti Sifaks s tsga n Iqrṭajn. Ɣ tgira n umnɣi, fkan iṛumann lli inran Numidya s timmad nns i Masinissa, agllid n Massyli[5]. Lliɣ rad immt ɣ 148 D.T., akal n Masinissa yumẓ sɣ Muluya ar uwttu n wakal n Qarṭaj, yamẓ ula anẓul agmuḍan nns ar Brqa bac ad kullu tssutl Numidya i Qarṭaj (Applan, Punica, 106) slid ɣ dar yilel[6]. Nnig n uya, lliɣ ittyamaẓ ugllid Sifaks ɣ Lmɣrib atrar ɣ tga Tingis tamaẓunt nns, yaɣul Bukkar iga uḍfir yakkan tankkist i Massinisa. Izzri Massinisa iwtta n tgldit nns i yidrarn n Waṭlas s ikaliwn n Igaytuliyen (Gaetuli) d Fzzan dɣ nttni.
Tlkm d Massinisa g 179 D.T. yat tdri n wurɣ nna as uznn imzdaɣn n Dilus acku yuzn asn tanawt iktarn s imndi. Iskr yan zɣ Imzdaɣn n Dilus yan usfris n Massinisa ɣ Dilus d yan kra tirra f uẓru am usnimmr i ugllid. Ttyuskarn ifrisn i tarwa nns dɣ nttni g tgzirt n Dilus, iskr ugllid n Bitini, Nikumidis dɣ nttan afris i Massinisa[7].
Ḍarat n tmttant n ugllid Massinisa ɣ wattayn n 148 D.T., ikkusa iwis Mikiwsn tanbaḍt. Llig immut unggaru ad g 118 D.T., kkusan tarwa nns, Himbsal Amzwaru d Adrbaɛl d wayyaw nns bṛṛa n yiwl, Yugrtn, lli bahra ḥmln Inumidn. Ḍart n tmttant n Mikiwsn, inɣa Yugrtn Himbsal, aylli t iglin s imnɣi d Adrbaɛl[8].
Amnɣi d Ṛumasnfl
Lliɣ tlkm 112 D.T., issnta daɣ Yugrtn amnɣi nns d Adrbaɛl. Ildi d f yixf nns urfan n Ṛuma lliɣ inɣa kra n id bab n twuriwin Iṛumann lli ittawsn I Adrbaɛl. Ḍarat n yan umnɣi gzzuln d Ṛuma, yull Yugrtn acnyal umlil, tfk as Ṛuma yat tmyaqqant n tnagrit lli as bahra iɣudan, aylliɣ d akkʷ daɣ tssnkr ackki n tmasaɣt. Ittyuɣra i unbbaḍ adɣran aṛuman afad ad ibdd mnid n tsnbḍayt f tumliwin n ugufsu lli fllas isrs ufna nns asrtan Gayus Mimmyus. Sbzzizn f Yugrtn dɣ nttan ad nn yack s Ṛuma afad ad ifk tugga nns mgal anbbaḍ aṛuman. Akud ann ad tettyukkas watig i tugga n Yugrtn acku ibayn d umzru nns ukriḍ d wugnid, urdun ilmma is d nttan ad inɣan afna nns Anumid.
Issnta umnɣi gr Numidya d Tgdudant Taṛumant, mmatin mnnawt tgrummawin s Tafriqt n ugafa ddaw n tmmuɣra n uqunsu Kwintus Kaykilyus Mitilus Numidikus. Lliɣ yanni Gayus Maryus, agnsas n Mitilus, is iɣzzif umnɣi ig zun iɣ rad jjun ur ismid, issṛmi t uylli yanni, yurri s Ṛuma ar isiggil ad ittusta d ig aqunsu. Lliɣ ilkm aylli ira, yurri daɣ s Numidya afad ad indh amnɣi s yixf nns. Yuzn ilmma Akwaystur (Quaestor) Sula s taddjart Mawriṭanya afad ad sbddn tannalt nnsn i Yugrtn. S twisi n Bukkus Amzwaru, yumẓ Sulla Yugrtn, isslkm amnɣi s trnnawt ɣ tgira. ittyawi Yugrtn s Ṛuma ɣ tyffart, srsnt ɣ Tulyanum[9].
Sakn iṛumann Yugrtn iswak ɣ usfuglu s trnawt n Gayus Maryus, nɣin t ilmma ɣ 104 D.T[10].
Tagldit ibḍansnfl
Ḍart n tmttant n Yugrtn, ittyurna ttmi n utaram n Numidya i yikalln n ugllid n Muriṭanya, Bukkus Amzwaru[11]. Isul usagur n tgldit ddaw tnbaḍt n igldunn n tmazirt. Lliɣ immut ugllid Gawda ɣ 88 D.T., irwas is tettyubḍa tgldit f sin igzman, yat tgldit tagmuḍant mqqurn, d yat tgldit tutrim imẓẓiyn f ultmas. Igllidn n ugmuḍ ar ssnfluln iqariḍn, win utaram ur jjun nufi winnsn. Imkn is tt inn kkan igllidn utrimn ar akkan tukkist i yigmuḍann[12][13].
Ismd umnɣi uɣrim gr Kaysar d Pumiy tilit n Numidya tarmagult ɣ 46 DT[3]. Tettyufka tgldit tutrimt gr isaffn n Sava (Asif n Summam) d Ampsaga (Asif n Lkbir) i Bukus Wis sin, taɣul tgldit tagmuḍant d tasga taṛumant. Aylli d yagurn zɣ tgldit tutrimt d tmdint n Kirta izzri yan uzmz gzzuln g ila tanbḍimant ddaw Publyus Sityus. Taɣul daɣ tgldit tutrimt taqburt ddaw tnbaḍt n ugllid anumid Arabyu lli inɣan Sityus yawi adɣar nns. Isskcm iɣf nns g yimnɣitn uɣrimn iṛumann, aylli t isslkmn i ad ittyunɣa[14].
Igllidn n Numidyasnfl
Igllidn n Numidya tutrimtsnfl
Igllidn n Numidya tagmuḍantsnfl
Igllidn yaḍn n Numidyasnfl
Post-Independencesnfl
From the end of the Kingdom, Numidia was ruled by the following powers:-
- 25 BC to 395 AD: Roman Empire, becoming
- 395 to 429 Western Roman Empire
- 429 to 534: Vandals
- 534 to 642: Eastern Roman Empire
- 642 onwards: Muslim Arabs
Izdayn n bṛṛasnfl
Ẓṛ ulasnfl
Isaɣulnsnfl
- ↑ Numida d Nomas
- ↑ Camps, Gabriel (1979). "Les Numides et la civilisation punique". Antiquités africaines (in French). 14 (1): 43–53. doi:10.3406/antaf.1979.1016.
- ↑ 3,0 et 3,1 Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Numidia" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 868–869.
- ↑ History of Humanity: From the seventh century B.C. to the seventh century A.D. Sigfried J. de Laet, Joachim Herrmann UNESCO,
- ↑ Idjouadiene, L., Mostefaoui, T.A., Djermoune, H. et al. XRF analysis of ancient Numidian coins: a comparison between different kingdoms. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 136, 512 (2021).
- ↑ Historical Dictionary of Morocco Aomar Boum, Thomas K. Park Rowman & Littlefield
- ↑ Itineraria Phoenicia - Edward Lipiński
- ↑ Sallust (c. 40 BCE), Jugurthine War XI–XIII.
- ↑ Telford, Lynda (2014). Sulla: A Dictator Reconsidered. Pen and Sword.
- ↑ Connolly, Peter; Gillingham, John; Lazenby, George (2016). The Hutchinson Dictionary of Ancient and Medieval Warfare. Routledge. p. 171.
- ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Numidia" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 868–869.
- ↑ Duane W. Roller (2003), The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene: Royal Scholarship on Rome's African Frontier, New York: Routledge, p. 25.
- ↑ Gabriel Camps (1989) [published online 2012], "Arabion", Encyclopédie berbère, 6: Antilopes–Arzuges, Aix-en-Provence: Edisud, pp. 831–34,
- ↑ Gabriel Camps (1989) [published online 2012], "Arabion", Encyclopédie berbère, 6: Antilopes–Arzuges, Aix-en-Provence: Edisud, pp. 831–34,


text:
Ḥasan Wis Sin
Ḥasan wis sin (s Tɛṛabt: الحسن الثاني, s Tfṛansist: Hassan II; ilul ɣ Ṛṛbaḍ ɣ 9 Yulyu 1923 – 23 Yulyu 1999) ikka tt inn iga agllid n Lmɣrib zɣ 1961 aylliɣ immut ɣ 1999.
Iga arraw amnzu n Muḥmmad Wis Smmus (1909-1961) lli yad lli igan agllid n Lmɣrib d tmɣart nns tis snat Lalla Ɛbla Bnt Ṭṭahr (1909-1992). Ittyussan Ḥasan is iga yan zɣ inbbaḍn imttaɣaln akkʷ n Lmɣrib.
Immut Ḥasan s tmntal tigamanin ɣ Rrbaḍ ɣ 23 Yulyu 1999, tlla dar-s ɣakud ann 70 n usggʷas.
Tawja[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Muḥmmad VI (iwis)
- Muḥmmad Wis Smmus (babas)


text:
Levr Nehemia
Levr Nehemia, asambles gant Levr Ezra, zo unan eus levrioù an Tanac'h rak ul levr nemetken a oa anezho diagent. Dispartiet e voent gant ar gristenien en IIIe kantved ha gant ar Yuzevien er XVvet kantved[1].
Kontañ a reer el levr-mañ penaos e voe adsavet mogerioù Jeruzalem gant Nehemia, ur Yuzev gant ur post uhel e lez rouaned Persia. An danevell ziwezhañ eo en istor ar bobl yuzev, kontet en Tanac'h.
Daveoù[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
- ↑ (br) Troidigezh An Tour-Tan, levrenn 4, p. 341


text:
Yalleh yebda uzemmem iḍennaḍ n letnayen 16 zi ɣuct di lintixabat, issers Muḥemmed Abarcan ddussi-nnes bac ad irecceḥ netta s umulli n Littiḥad ayctiraki (USFP). Di jjihet n Ddriwec nettaf Lfaḍili Muḥemmed i yellan zeg iqdimen n Lḥaraka cceɛbiya (MP). D netta issersen ddussi-nnes amezwaru. Yeḍfar-it-id Mesṭafa Lxelfiwi zi (PAM) d inniḍen.
Aseggas-a, aṭṭas n imeḍfaren ttwalan belli ad yemsar ij n wemḥizwar d ameqqran jar iqdimen i yennumen ttgeɛɛaden-dd. D imaynuten i yettxsen ad ṭṭfen amkan-nnsen di twalat tamezwarut deg wazzareg asertan di Arrif.
Iḥudriyen la d nitni ssidfen ixef-nnsen di lintixabat, ameknaw lxedmet i tettegg « Wah, nzemmar » di Nnaḍur. Nettaf ɛawed ca n iḥudriyen-nniḍen i ittexsen ad ttreccḥen di teyrawin-nnsen, ttexsen ad adfen ɣer iseqqimen i yellan deg ibiljan-nnsen.


text:
YECCU LMASIḤ iqqar ... NECC d TAFAWT n DDUNECT
Wenni dd ayi i ɣa iḍfaren, war iggur ɛemmarṣ di taǧest,
maca ad ɣares tiři TFAWT n TUDART!
Aseqsi Wiss 10
Min isseřmad Wedlis Iqeddsen x mammec ittxeṣṣa ad iddar umasiḥi
zi jjihet n Arruḥ d zi jjihet n tudart nnes n kuř ass am umasiḥi?
L'Injil isseřmad aneɣ aqa uřa d ijjen mma izemmar ad ɣares tiři tudart zzat i Arebbi, meɛlik netta war dd-ittwaxřeq ca zi jdid řami issars atiqqi nnes di Yeccu Lmasiḥ ḥima ad immet ak-d řmewt nnes i ddenb i igga u maḥend ad dd-ittwasnekkar ɛawed ak-d Lmasiḥ zzat i Arebbi am yijj n bnadem d jdid s tnukra n Lmasiḥ u s weɣfar n ddnub nnes s idammen n Yeccu Lmasiḥ u s ufarreɣ n tayri n Arebbi s Arruḥ Iqeddsen deg wuř n wenni zzayes ittamnen.
Di tudart nneɣ ittbanen netwaxřeq-dd d amezwar. S man aya aqa neǧa u neddar di ddunit-a. Ɛawed kifkif zi jjihet n Arruḥ. Neḥdaj ad dd-nexřeq zi jdid di tudart taruḥanect maḥend ad nezmar ad neddar qibač i Arebbi amecnaw Adam d Ḥawa ddaren qibač i Arebbi, umi ɛad war ggin ddenb.
Ejj aneɣ řexxu ad nẓar mammec teǧa tudart umasiḥi di řweqt řami dd-ittwaxřeq zi jdid. Ggur ad tfekkared illa ittxeṣṣa as ad yegg aṭṭas n tmesřayin tisebḥanin u ad yiři d ijj n bnadem břa xeṭṭu qibač i Arebbi?! Ma zeɛma ammu i txarrṣed? Iwa xẓar, amur amezwaru aqa war iǧi ammu i iqqar L'Injil. L'Injil inna ammu i yenni ittamnen di Lmasiḥ:
"Mařa neqqar ‘neccin war xaneɣ bu ddnub’, aqqa nessxarriq x yixef nneɣ uca tidett war dayneɣ teǧi. Maca mařa nenɛem s ddnub nneɣ, aqa Arebbi d aṣdiq d amseggad ḥima ad aneɣ iɣfar ddnub nneɣ uca ad aneɣ issizdeg zi marra min war iseggden. Mařa neqqar ‘neccin war dayneɣ bu ddnub’, nettarra t d bu-ixarriqen uca awař nnes war dayneɣ iǧi." (1 Yuḥanna 1:8-10)
Ejj aneɣ řexxu ad nẓar min iḥdaj usegmi i dd-ittwaxeřqen qaɛ ɣar umezwar? Iḥdaj aɣi d macca d umsawaḍ ak d babas d yemmas d iḥenjiren nneḍni! Zi jjihet taruḥanect aqa d icten. Yeccu yarr-dd řami t iɣwa cciṭan di řexřa:
“Yarra-dd xas inna “Aqa tura ‘Bnadem war iddar s weɣrum waha, maca zi kuř awař i d ittekken zeg uqemmum n Arebbi.’” (Matta 4:4)
Amazan (=rrasul) Bulus aqa yura i řmuminin di tendint n Kulussi:
"Maca mařa tettwassnekkarem-dd ak-d Lmasiḥ, xenni arzum min iǧan sennej, mani iqqim Lmasiḥ x ufusi n Arebbi. Ɛeqřem min iǧan sennej, war iǧi min iǧan di tmurt, minzi kenniw aqqa temmutem uca tudart nwem tennuffar ak-d Lmasiḥ di Arebbi. Xmi dd i ɣa iḍhar Lmasiḥ, wenni iǧan d tudart nneɣ, řexdenni uřa d kenniw ad kides dd-teḍharem deg uɛuǧi. " (Ikulussiyyen. 3:1-4)
Aḍbib Luqa wenni yuran 'Linjil s ufus n Luqa' d 'Řexdayem n Imazanen' (=rrusul) inna x řmuminin imezwura di Urcalim ammu:
"Nitni qqimen ṣbaren di tɣuri n imazanen d tmunt d tarezzit n weɣrum u di tẓaǧitin." (Řexdayem 2:42)
Tabrat i Iɛibraniyyen teɛřem i řmuminin s wawařen-a:
"Uca ad neḥḍa ijjen wenneḍni ḥima ad negg uř deg wayawya ɣar tayri u ɣar řexdayem tiṣebḥanin, war nettejji ca tamesmunt nneɣ am mammec nnumen ca zzayneɣ, maca ad nessemḥeḍ ijjen wenneḍni, mahu ɛad xmi i ɣa tẓarem aqa ass nni yiweḍ-dd." (Iɛbraniyyen 10:24,25)
Xenni ddar ak-d wawař n Arebbi u s Arruḥ n Arebbi ! Di ticri n řebda d utiqqi ak-d Yeccu Lmasiḥ ggur ad teffeɣ řɣiǧet taruḥanect. S usḥessi d tɣuri n wawařen n L'Injil d utiqqi daysen u s tẓaǧit i Arebbi s Lmasiḥ, ad dayek tetwagg tzemmar maḥend ad teṭṭaɛed i wawařen n Arebbi. X man aya marra neqqar di L'Injil ammu:
"S uyenni nɣem iɣezdisen n arrimet nwem inni x temmurt: tuqeḥbit, řexmej, acahi, nnecwat tiɛeffanin, ṭṭmeɛ d wenni d aɛbad i laṣnam. X ssibbet n uya ad dd-yas lɣaḍab n Arebbi x ayt n řmuɛṣiyyet. Uřa d kenniw tuɣa teggurem ammu zic, umi kenniw tuɣa teddarem ɛad di tmesřayin nni. Maca řexxu ɛawed kenniw tessarsem man aya marra x uɣezdis: axeyyeq d tefqeḥt d tuɛeffna, aceqqef d wawařen ixemjen zeg uqemmum nwem. War sxarriqem ca x wayawya umi tessarsem ɣar uɣezdis bnadem aqdim ak-d řexdayem nnes u yarrḍem s wenni d jdid , wenni ittbeddařen ɣar tussna tmun ɛlaḥsab ṣṣifet n wenni it-idd ixeřqen. Days war iǧi Ayunani niɣ Uday uřa d axtan niɣ břa axtan uřa d abarrani niɣ Askit, uřa d ismeɣ niɣ ḥurr, maca Lmasiḥ d kuřci di marra. Xenni, am kenniw ixḍar Arebbi d imqeddasen d imɛizzen, arḍem s teḥnunect di daxeř uřa s řeḍrafet d uwaḍeɛ d temhint d ttasiɛ n řxaḍar, uca mařa ca n yijjen ɣars acetci x wenneḍni, qebřem u samḥem i wayawya. Am mammec d awem iɣfar Lmasiḥ, ggem kenniw amenni ɛawed. Sennej i marra timesřayin-a, arḍem tayri tenni d txadent n řekmařet." (Ikulussiyyen: 3:5-13)
Arebbi d tafawt uca ittxeṣṣa i umasiḥi ad yuyur di tfawt!
"D wa d abarreḥ i zi nesřa uca ad awem-dd nbarreḥ: Arebbi d tafawt, netta war days bu jjurret n taǧest. Mařa neqqar ‘neccin ɣarneɣ amuni akides’ uca neggur di taǧest, aqa nessxarriq, war nettegg ca tidett. Maca mařa nuyur di tfawt, am netta di tfawt, ɣarneɣ amuni ak-d wayawya, uca idammen n Yeccu Lmasiḥ Mmis ad aneɣ ssizedgen zi qaɛ ddnub." (1 Yuḥanna 1:5-7)
"Minzi awař n Arebbi iddar, ijhed, iqḍeɛ ktar zi kuř ssif s tnayen n wudmawen, ittakkʷaḍ ař abeṭṭu n řeɛmar d arruḥ d řemfaṣeř d waduf, ifarrez ixarriṣen d tnawi n wuř. War din uřa d ijj n umeddar war dd as ibin, maca marra timesřayin aqa-tent twaɛarryent, twarezment ɣar tiṭṭawin n wenni umi ik-dd i ɣa negg řeḥsab." (Iɛibraniyyen 4: 12,13)
Aṭṭas iggur ad nini x tmesřayini n kuř ass i netteddar. Mammec i d aneɣ ittxeṣṣa ad ɣarsent nexẓar s tfawt n wawařen iqeddsen n Arebbi, amecnaw ɣar marra markat n lɛalaqat, ɣar řemřac, iḥenjiren, řwacun, řxedmet, macca, řweqt, arruḍ, tinɛacin d iqarriḍen, ɣar umɛamel nneɣ ak-d řmexzen u mammec ittxeṣṣa ad negg mařa ɣarneɣ ṣṣulṭa x iwdan nneḍni u mammec d aneɣ ittxeṣṣa ad nuyur ak-d yixef nneɣ, mammec ittxeṣṣa ad nessiweř, mammec ittxeṣṣa ad niři ak-d iwdan i war ittimnen di Lmasiḥ niɣ mammec ittxeṣṣa ad negg di marra timesřayin n tudart nneɣ!
Mařa ɣarek ca n useqsi, ɛafak břa abray msawaḍ-dd akidneɣ s e-mail i ɣa tafed ɣar sennej! Ggur ad negg tizemmar ad xak dd-narr s usdaheǧ deɣya!


text:
Acengu (icenga), ennemi (fr) - enemy, foe (en) - enemigo (es) - عدو
Addad amaruz: ucengu (yicenga).
Tasniremt:
Acengu asertan - ennemi politique (fr) - political enemy, political foe (en) - enemigo político (es) - عدو سياسي
Acengu anagdud - ennemi public - enemigo público -
Acengu n weɣlan - ennemi de la nation - enemigo de la nación - عدو الأمة
Acengu n weɣref - ennemi du peuple - enemigo del pueblo - عدو الشعب
Imedyaten:
Fuṛseɣ tagnit-nni yerwin yerna mmɣeɣ ɣef ucengu-inu - J'ai profité de la confusion et j'ai attaqué l'ennemi - Aproveché la confusión y ataqué al enemigo -
Yesɛa aṭas n yicenga deg umaḍal n tsertit - Il a beaucoup d'ennemis dans le monde politique - Él tiene muchos enemigos en el mundo de la política - لديه الكثير من الأعداء في عالم السياسة
Yidir d acengu-inu - Yidir est mon ennemi - Yidir es mi enemigo - ييدير عدوّي
Aql-iken deg - Vous êtes dans - You are in - Ustedes están en - أنتم في
Asegzawal n Tmaziɣt - Dictionnaire Amazigh - Français - Amazigh - English Dictionary - Diccionario Amazigh - Español - قاموس أمازيغي - عربي
(c) Omar Mouffok - Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen.


text:
Asteɛreb
Asteɛreb ( taɛrabt : تعريب ) d awal id-yemmalen later n yiɛraben ɣef yigduden ar-iɛraben , d ubeddel yellan deg tutlayin imi tineggura-agi ṭṭfent deg taɛrabt d unekcum n yidles aɛrab , rnu-as kra n tsertitin n tmura tiɛrabin ɣer yigduden ar-iɛraben-ines , akka am : Lezzayer , Maṣer , Lɛiraq , Lubnan , Libya , Lekwit, Surya , Falesṭin , Sudan , Muriṭanya , Lmerruk , tmura tiqburin i yellan s ddaw n iunbaḍ n yiɛraben zik nni .
Deg umezruy , ttwajemɛend akk yidelsan n temcabigzirt taɛrabt d yidelsan nniḍen n tmura i kecmen yiɛraben , di tagggara idles agi qqaren-as idles aɛrab , mi d-teffeɣ tineslemt deg Lḥijaz , taɛrabt tuweḍ igduden nniḍen yellan berra n temcabigzirt imi iɛraben llan keččmen-tt s nnfaq neɣ s tnezzuyt neɣ s rrcil akked yigduden iɣelnawen ariɛraben , ula daxel n temcabigzit s timmad-is ttwaɛerben yigduden ariɛraben akka al yisabiyen n tmurt n Yemen , agdud aḥuṭimi deg deg ugafa n umalu n temcabigzirt daɣen kra n yigduden deg tneẓruft n Surya d temaḍt n Lmuṣel , tebda taɛrabt tettili di temnaḍin agi bdan ttefɣent-d tantalatin nniḍen . Tamurt n Yemen d tinna i d tamurt tayemmat n yiɛraben iqeḥṭanen , umi iɛraben qqaren fella-sen belli d nutni i d iɛraben inaṣliyen , xas akken ur mmeslayen ara Wat n tmurt n Yemen tutlayt taɛrabt taqburt armi d wweḍ tneslemt , mmeslayen tutlayin tiɛrabin n unẓul umi ulac win i tt-yettmeslayen tura .
Taɛrabt teǧǧa-d later ameqqran deg tmura tariɛrabin umi tǧǧa-d deg-sent tineslemt later ameqqran . Tella d aɣbalu agejdan i wawalen n tutlayin nniḍen . Yuweḍ wannecta ɣer usawen deg tasut tis mraw d tis mraw d ukkuz , umi yettwaḥesben belli d akud i deg yuweḍ idles aɛrab ɣer wadeg meqqren deg akk umezruy-ines .
Asewseɛ aɛrab amenzu deg utaram i yqerben.[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ardekal Skender ameqqran , teffeɣ-d tgelda tanebṭit tegled tamnaḍt i d-yellan seg ugafa n temcabigzirt taɛrabt ɣer unẓul n Surya n wass-a , imezzwura id-yusan seg temcabigzirt taɛrabt yexxdem deg-sen yidles arami aɣelnaw d yidles ahibru n tgelda n Ḥacmunayim , akked yidlsan ihillinistiyen ( ladɣa akked unekcum n yiqebṭiyen ɣer usɣan n tmasiḥit deg tasut tis kraḍ d tis ukkuz ) xedmen-d yinebṭiyen tutlayt taɛrabt id-yezzwaren tutlayt taɛrabt tamaynut , d nutni i ygan agemmay anebṭi i yellan d ajgu n ugemmay aɛab amaynut . Tekcem tutlayt tanebṭit deg tutlayrt taɛrabt imi taɛrabt tella tesɛa yiwen n later d ameqqran aṭas fella-s .
Xedmen yiɣessaniyen iɛraben tunnga tamenzut tarineslemt ɣer ugafa seg tmurt n Yemen , deg taggara n wakud aklasiki , llan ḍefren ajjed n yirumyen urtuduksiyen qedcen i umenkud abizenṭi . Wwḍen-d ɣer Surya tabizenṭit umi imesdaɣ-is llan aṭas deg-sen d aramiyen . Qqimen deg tazzwara deg temnaḏt n Ḥuran , syin kecmen ɣer akk temnaḍt n Ccam ( Surya , Urdun , Falesṭin , Israyel , Lubnan ) gelden i wakud meẓẓiyen timnaḍin seg Surya d utaram n Urdun mbaɛid ɣef yinebṭiyen .
Tella-d tgelda n Lexmid ɣef ufus n udrum n Laxum i yunagen seg Yemen , gelden-tt Wat Laxum , ḍefren ajjed n tmezgida n Utaram id-yennaulfan deg Acur , i yennemgalen d tmasiḥit taɣsasinit tagrigit turtuduksit , qedcren i umenkud aɣsasini
Sxedmen yibizenṭiyen d yisasaniyen iɣesasaniyen d yilaxmiyen akken ad xedmen nnfaqat s lewkal gar-asen deg temcabigzirt taɛrabt .
Amezruy n usteɛreb[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Asteɛreb deg tallit n lxilafa tamenzut.[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Amedya amenzu d ugejdan ɣef usteɛreb d win id-yellan ɣef nnfaq n yimceyyeɛ Muḥemmed d wid i t-i-ḍefren akked wid n umenkud umawi artdekal . Bnan amnekud ineslem ameqqran i yessewsɛen aṭas berra n temcabigzirt taɛrabt , wwḍent tlisa-ines di taggara seg temcabigzirt tibirit deg umalu ɣer Asya talemmast deg utaram , teṭṭef azal n 11100000 Km2 (4300000 sq mi) d ayen it-yerran d yiwen seg yimenkad akk imeqqranen deg umaḍal .
Anẓul n temcabigzirt n yiɛraben[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Anẓul n temcabigzirt taɛrabt d tamnaḍt tamazzrant deg temcabigzirt taɛrabt , tella deg unẓul n temnaḍt , tezga-d tura deg wayn i wumi qqaren tragduda n Yemen , tekcem daɣen deg-s Neǧran , Jazan , d Ɛasir i yellan deg suɛudiya n wass-a akked Ḍefar deg Ɛumman n wass-a
Iɛraben n unẓul iqburen negren imi llan yinselmen sewsaɛen timnaḍin-nsen , tutlayt--nsen tettwabeddel s tutlayt taɛ)rabt tamaynut i yettaru s ugemmay aɛrab , agemmay n taɛrabt n unẓul i llan ssexdamen i tira n tutlayt-nni tuɣal ur zmiren ara ad tt-sxedmen . mazal tutlayin n unẓul ttmeslayen-tt deg unẓul n Suɛudiya d ugafa n Yemen d Ḍufar deg Ɛumman maca uɣalent d tantalatin .
Xas akken yettwaḥseb Yemen d tamurt tanaṣlit n yiɛrabennmaca imezdaɣ-is ur mmesklayen ara taɛrabt send tiwwḍin n tneslemt ( mmeslayin tutlayin tiɛrabin n unẓul ) .
Ataram n temcabigzirt taɛrabt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Send tasut tis ṣa , llan yimezdaɣ n utaram n temcabigzirt taɛrabt d imasiḥiyen iɛraben , dd iɛraben izaradictiyen , udayen , d yifellaḥen yettmeslayen s taramit , kra n tantalatin yellan deg temnaḍt-agi kecment deg tutlayin takadit d taramit akked d tsiryanit . Llan wid yettidiren deg Lbaḥrin taqburt ttmeslayen taramit , d cwiya n tfarisit , ma d tasiryanit llan sexdamayen-tt i tẓallit .
Ccam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Send ad kecmen yixlifen iraciden tamnaḍt n Ccam deg 634 , llan amur ameqqran n yimezdaɣ-ines ttmeslayen taramit , tagrigit tella d tutlayt n tmehla , yebda usteɛreb d usekcem n tneslemt ɣer Surya deg tasut tis sa "7" yeṭṭef wannect-a aṭas n tasutin , ur ɛriḍen ara yiɛraben inselmen imezzwura ad skecmen tutlayt-nsen neɣ ajjed--nsen deg wakud amezzwaru n unekcum-nsen . Uɣalen yinselmen iɛraben d nutni i d arisṭuqraṭiyen , kecmen-d yiderman imaynuten ɣer dinnaa , ɛemdden-asen yiɛraben ad qqimen akken ur d-yettili ara yimenɣi akked yimezdaɣ iɣelnawen . Yenna lxalifa Ɛetma i unembaḍ Muɛawiya I ad yessidir idermzan iɛraben mbaɛid ɣef yimezdaɣ iɣelnawen . Isuriyen i yumnen s yiwen n yillu uqbel tineslemt ufan iɛraben d imdanen i asend-yuwin tilelli ɣef way-a i qeblen yis-sen deg tmurt-nsen .
Xedmen yiɛebbasiyen deg tasut tis ṭam d tis ṭza akken ad sxelḍen igduden yid-sen , ɣef way-agi tanmehla tella s tutlayt taɛrabt , imi aṭas id-ikecmen ɣer tneslemt yerna umḍan n wid yettmeslayen taɛrabt , asteɛreb yella yettmasaw inselmen imayenten Surya deg ulmud n usɣan-nsen amaynut , ula d widak i d-yeggran d imasiḥiyen uɣalen d iɛraben , tibibelt tettwasuqqel-d ɣer taɛrabt deg tasut-agi , kra n yimussnawen n umezruy akka am Klud Kahin neɣ Birnar Hamiltun walan belli mi akken id-wwḍen yiserdasen n tuffɣa tamidagit tamezzwaryt llan akk imasiḥiyen ttwasteɛrben . Mi d-uweḍ tasut tis mraw d kraḍ llan akk yimezdaɣ n Ccam ttmeslayen taɛrabt uɣalen akk d iɛraben .
Wid ur nettu tutlayt taramit ferqen d sin n yiḥricen :
- Agraw n umalu yettmeslayen taramit tamaynut , imedaɣ n Baxɛa d Meɛlula d Jubaddin . Imezdaɣ n Baxɛa d Jubaddin kecmen ɣer tneslemt , ma d wid n Meɛlula qqimen d imasiḥiyen yeṭṭafaren timezgida n yirumyen imelkiyen ikatuliken , tekkan daɣen ɣer tmezgida n yirumyen urtuduksiyen n Anṭakya akked kra n yinselmen yettmeslayen tantala taramit akka am tinna n yimasiḥiyen , ssexdamayen yimezdaɣ n tuddar-nni tutlayt taɛrabt aṭas akken ad mmeslayen d yimezdaɣ nniḍen n tmurt yernu i umeslay gar-asen ; ɣef way-a taerabt tesɛa later d ameqqran deg tutlayt-nsen , 20 % seg wawalen n taramit d iɛraben . At Bexɛa truḥ-asen tantala-nsen , deg 1970 , wid akk yesɛan s ddaw n 40 n yiseggasen deg yila-nesn ur zmiren ara ad mmeslayen tantala akken iwata xas akken zemren ad tt-fehmen . Akka amek tella Bexɛa , yuwi-d lḥal ad tenger tantala-nsen
Maṣer[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Idles agrigi yeǧǧa-d later ameqqran deg Maser segmi tella tgelda tabaṭlimit deg Taskendrit . Uqbel Skender ameqqran tella tgeld-itt tgelda taxminit . Yeqqim later n tegrigit deg Maser xas akken kecmen-tt yirumaniyen deg useggas n 30 ST , syin kecmen-tt yibizenṭiyen send inselmen deg tasut tis ṣa n tlalit . Tella d tutlayt taqebṭit yettarun s ugaemmay agrigi d tutlayt n umuir ameqqran yimezdaɣ n Maser send unekcum n yineslemen . Imi tettwateɛreb Maser tebda tettuɣal tutlayt taɛrabt d tutlayt i yeǧǧamaɛen akk imaṣriyen , xas akken : taɛrabt n Maser mazal teṭṭef deg tjerrumt n tqebṭit d kra n wawalen seg umawal aqebṭi . Ass-agi tutlayt taqebṭit tettwaxdem deg tmezgida taqebṭit i tẓallit , imunak immasiḥiyen ttmeslayen-tt akken ilaq lḥal .
Tafriqt ugafa d Ibirya[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Imezdaɣ n Tefriqt n Ugafa d Ibirya llan snen igduden isamiyen si zik : Ifniqen d yiqerṭajiyen llan zedɣen deg tefriqt n ugafa d Ibirya i ugar n ṭam n tasutin atrmi ten-ɣeḍlen yirumaniyen d yiwindaliyen d yibizenṭiyen akked yigrawliwen imaziɣen . Mi kecmen yiɛaben ɣer tefriqt n Ugafa , dduklen yiderman imaziɣen d yiɛraben akken ad kecmen tamcabigzirt tibirit . Deg useggas n 743 , imaziɣen xedmen tagrawla ɣef yumawiyen ssufɣen-ten seg tmazɣa , ladɣa seg tmurt n lmerruk n wassa , maca qqimen deg utaram n Lezzayer , Tunes akked umalu n Libya , ardekal , usan-d yiderman iɛraben ɣer luḍa ddren deg-s imaziɣen mazal d nutni i d imezdazɣ imezzwura am deg yidurar neɣ deg uneẓruf . yeqqim daxel n Tefriqt n Ugafa d amaziɣ armi d tasut tis mraw n yan . Si tama nniḍen , tamcabigzirt tibirit teqqim tettwasteɛreb armi d tasut tis mrawd semmus .
Mi bnan yifaṭimiyen tamdint n Lmehdiya deg Tunes , swesɛen abrid n cciɛa , rran ɣer temnaḍin n yiziriyen imaziɣen (972-1148 ) ceyyɛen iderman n Wat Hilal akken ad rren tamnaḍt d taɛrabt , At Hilal d adrum id-wwin yifaṭiumen seg tmurt n yiɛraben ɣer tmnaḍt n tefrqt n ugafa , anekcum n Wat Hilal yesseɣli deg wazal n temnaḍt imi llan ssexṣaren akk ayen i ufan sdat-nsen
Imasiḥiyen iwumi qqaren imuzaraben mmeslayen tutlayt-nsen taraɛrabt deg Wandalus ɣer tama n udayen isafarasen , imaziyṭen llan ula deg wandalus n, maca ur mmeslayen ara aṭas s tutlayt-nsen , qqaren-asen ardekal Imuriyen
D taɛrabt n Wandalus i llan ttmeslayen deg tallit n wandalus ineslem
Sisilya , Malta d Krit[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Wwḍen yinselmenn ɣer tegzirin agi xedmen limarat n Sisilya , Malta d Krit ( Iqritec) , deg-s uɣalen yimezdaɣ-is d inselmen , bndan lemmden tutlayt taɛrabt d ansayen iɛraben , unagen-d ɣer-sent kra n yiɛraben d ayen i yerran timnaḍin agi sɛant aṭas n yimezdaɣ-degs , taɛrabt tekcem-d miḥ imiren deg-s , dayen id-yessurwen taɛrabu-silit d tmaltit n wassa.
Sudan[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Unagen-d yiderman iɛraben ɣer temnaḍt n Sudan ideg xelḍen d yimezdaɣ iɣelnawen
Asteɛreb ass-a[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Di Lezzayer[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Astɛreb d asekcem n tutlayt taɣelnawt deg uselmed d useɣri d uberreḥ d yal amḍiq daxel n tmurt akken ad ttili deg wadeg n tutlkayt id-yeǧǧa ucengu azfransis . Fransa tekcem ɣer Lezzayer ur teffiɣ ara armi i ɛeddan 132 n yiseggasen , imiren Frzansa terra-tt d aḥric ur netteffeɣ seg-s , teqqim di Lezzayer akter s waṭas n wayen i tella deg Tunes d tgelda n Lmerruk , Lezzayer tella tesɛa assaɣ meqqren daɣen d Turuft imi usan-d ɣur-s yiherrasen [1] seg yal tamurt , imi ferqen yizzayriyen d warraw n Turuft tamurt i tasut d urbaɛ n tasut , llant-d temliliyin d temyusanin gar sin n yigduden , xas akken ur llin ara kif-kif lma di tudert wala deg yidles wala ɣer udabu afransis n yimiren . Imi yella akk wannecrta amdan yezmer ad as-yini belli astɛreb ad yili yewɛer mliḥ deg Lezayer , maca asteɛreb di lezzayer yella d winna akk i d-yusan fessus deg yakk timura n Maɣrib [2] ( Tamazɣa) , mi ɛerḍen ad bniun tamurt taɣelnawt yedduklen ardekal yimetwayen n Evian [3], yebda udabu n Ḥmed ben Bella astɛreb n tmurt , imi yeqqim ucengu aṭas di tmurt tafransist tella d tutlayt tagejdant deg tmehla ugar n tmura tinurag .Imi llan ttnadin ad fken yiwet n timmad yedduklen i tmurt ufan-d ajjed ineslem d tutlayt taɛrabt i yzemren ad isbedden yiwet n tmurt yedduklen akka i yura di tmedwant La langue arabe est la langue nationale et officielle de l'État ( tutlayt taɛrabt d tutlayt tunṣibt d tgejdant deg tmurt ) akked L'islam est la Din de l'État ( tineslemt d ajjed n tmurt ) d ayen i wumi d-ttɛeawaden deg tmedwanin n yiseggasen n 1969 d 1976 d 1989 d 1996 d 2018 . Yenna Ɛebd Lḥamid Mehri belli tirrin n taɛrabt d tutlayt tunṣibt yella d ayen i yebɣa ugdud azzayri , xas akken Lezzayer d tamurt ideg llan waṭas n yigduden d waṭas n tantalatin , akked waṭas n war-iɛraben : Imaziɣen , yernu tantala taɛrabt i ttmeslayen deg uzniq azzayri " Ddarǧa" temgarad mliḥ ɣef taɛrabt tafusḥit . Ɣas akken , asteɛreb ur yelli ara d asiwel ɣer tneslemt , llan ttwalint am ubrid i usemlel n yiwen n ugdud s tirrin n yiwet n tutlayt kan . Deg 1946 yebda usteɛreb n uselmed daxel uɣerbaz d uselmed n wajjed , tessexdem tmurt iselmaden imaṣriyen i yettekkan ɣer tegmat n yinselmen -d ideyyaniyyen ihi -b imi xuṣṣen-tt wid yettmselayen taɛrabt . Deg 1968 , deg tallit n uselway Hewwari Bumedyen , yebda usteɛreb n yimedqan n tmurt ( akka am tiɣiwanin , asunen , ixxamebn n teɣdemt atg ... ) xas akenni mazal ur sneqsen ara asexdem n tefransist , yeɛreḍ Bumedyen ad yesseḥbes asexdem n tefransist d ddarǧa akked d tmaziɣt , d ayen idf-yessenker inemgalen imaziɣen mgal-annecta , yessurew-d way-a axjiḍ gar ugdud azzayri ladɣa gar yinelmaden n taɛrabt d wid n tefransist , mazal tafransist d tinna i ttextirin wazt tedɣert[4] di tmurt akken ad tt-lemden .
Ur yelḥi ara usteɛreb : mazal teṭṭef tefransist adeg-is , inemgalen imaziɣen rnan deg umḍan , d ayen id-yuwin tidyanin n Tuber 1988 . Ḥulfan yimaziɣen ladɣa Leqbayel belli tallit-nsen ur tessefraḥ ara akk imioi tamurt n Lezzayer terra tamuɣli-ines ɣer taɛrabt kan amzun tebɣa ad temḍel timmad tamaziɣt , ardekal ṭṭrad n daxel ( taɛecriwt taberjant ) yeɛreḍ udabu ad yernu deg usteɛreb maca seg 1998 ( tilisa n ustɛreb ) d asawen iselwayen terra-ten tmara ad rren tamuɣli ɣer yimaziɣen ciṭ ciṭ , armi steɛrfen yis d tutlayt taɣelnawt di 2002 , ad as-fken tiṭ akken xeddmen d taɛrabt . Xas akke imi taɛrabt d yiwet n tutlayt yedduklen tesɛa azal ɣer tmetti taberranit ugar n tmaziɣt yellan d aṭas n tantalatin yettwabḍan , mazal asteɛreb d iswi ɣer-sen , ladɣa deg leqdic aɣarim d win n tmehla .
Mi tekfa tuɣalin n ulmud seg tefransist ɣer taɛrabt deg 1989 , yexdem Jims Kuffman (James Coffman ) inadiyen ɣef yinelmaden iɛraben d war-iɛraben deg USTBH yexdem timliliyin d yinelmaden yufa-d ay-a :
Inelmaden iɛraben teddun aṭas d wid yebɣan ad tekcem tneslet di kullec ur ttakken ara laman i umalu . Ttmilin yinelmaden iɛraben ( neɣ yettwasteɛreben ) ɣer uɛwed n wayen id-ttarun yiɣmisen iɛraben ladɣa Lmunqid i yettekkan ɣer unyir ineslem n usellek FIS , tytmeslayen ɣef tira n yisem n Rebbi "Allah" deg yigenni lawan n tẓallit n Lɛaṣer , neɣ unekcum n tmaɣlayin [5] n tmurt n israyel yuḍnen aṭan n AIDS , d usenger n tmasiḥit deg yiwen n leqdic adeyyani aɣelnaw , d yimelyan n yimarikaniyen i yeffɣen si tmasiḥit keččmen ɣer tneslment ... mi ten isteqsa ma llan yinelmaden ar-iɛraben ttelgaraden ɣef war-iɛraben llan ttaran-d waṭas n yimaziɣen d yiselmaden : ih ! d ayen ibanen .
Di lmerruk[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Mi ɛeddan 44 n yiseggasen n tallit n ucengu afransis , yebda lmerruk iqeddec i usekcem n taɛrabt ( MCA ) akken ad lal timmmad tamerrukit yedduklen , d tirnin n yimḍanen n wid yesnen ad yarun yernu ad ɣṛen , deg akk tamurt berra n tutlayt yellan deg uɣerbaz unṣib ; macci akka am Lezzayer ur ddiren ara aṭas n yiherrasen di Lmerruk imi imerrukiyen d nutni i yellan ama di taddart neɣ di temdinin timeqqranin , ɣf way-a meẓẓi later arumi ɣef tmura tinuragin .Ɣef waya yella fessus ɣef Lmerruk ad yexdem asteɛreb yernu ad t-yesselḥu ad yaweḍ yif winna d tanergt-is Lezzayer , maca macci d aya i yeḍran . Imi di tazzwara rran ɣer uselmed , imerrukiyen ferqen ɣef sin , kra ssawalen ɣer uselmed amaynut am win n umalu s snat n tutlayin , kra ssawalen ɣer uqbur n zzawiya tineslemt . Mi d-yuweḍ ukabar n timunent imal ɣer uselmed aqbur n taɛ)rabt d tneslemt . Mi d-yuweḍ ukabar yebda leqdic ɣef wannect-agi , deg useggasd-is wis sin , yella ulmud n useggas amezzwaru deg uswir amenzu s taɛrabt kan , seg useggas wis sin ad bdun ulmud s snat n tutlayin ta tekcem di tayeḍ , maca tamrin[6] n tefransist llant d tiwezzlanin . Yusa-d usteɛreb ẓẓay ɣef yimerrukiyen , ladɣa deg 20 n yiseggasen imezzwura n timunent imi llan yimeqqranen n Lmerruk lemmden s tefransist ( ama deg Fransa s timmad-is neɣ deg yiɣerbazen imerrukiyen yemmeslayen taɛrabt ) ur ẓrin ara mza d-yawi ibaɣuren ɣef tgelda , ladɣa ɣef wassaɣen -is d tmura tiberraniyin . Ur lḥiqen ara ad steɛrben armi yeffeɣ Lmerruk kamel i ufus afransis Deg useggas , n 1960 yesɛeṭṭelLḥaj Ɛumar Lǧalil , aneɣlaf n yimiren asteɛreb imi yuɣal ɣer usemed n uqbl timunnent ; imal ɣer usemlmed afransis amaynut . Ayen id-yessbanen leqdic ɣef useɛṭel n taɛrabt d ayen yexdelm Ḥasan wis sin ,d tidet yedda d usteɛreb maca yerna deg tillin s ddaw n ufus n Fransa deg tsertit [7] d tdamsa[8]
di Tunes[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ɣilen medden belli asteɛreb deg Tunes d netta akk ara yelḥun aṭas imi ddaw n 1٪ n yitunsiyen kan i yettmeslayen tamaziɣt , 100 ٪ ttmeslayen darǧa tatunsit . Maca , d netta akk ur nelḥi ara imi llan tteklen ɣef Turuft ,umnnen belli ma tella tmurt tuɣal am tid umalu ad tesɛu azal ama d agdud ama d tamurt . Akka am Lmerruk , yefreq rray ɣef sin , wid i yettwalin belli tutlayt taɛrabt tafuṣḥit d wajjed ineslem i d ṣṣzeḥ deg tmurt d wid i yeqqaren belli ma bɣan Tunes ad taẓ ɣer sdat ilaq ad tcabi timura n umalu , mbaɛid ɣef taktiwin tiɣelnawin tiɛrabin . Asut amenzu n wid id-yuwin agerdas-nsen s taɛrabt ur ufin ara aceddim anagar wiinna n n uselmed n taɛrabt neɣ n wajjed ineslem imi d wid i yeɣran s trefransist i yesɛan azal , seg yiseggasen n 70 armi d 1982 ɛerḍen ad steɛrben Tunes , maca seg 1982 bdan sseḥbasen-t , ssexṣarezn astɛreb ladɣa imi yuɣal uselmed s teransist , yal win yessawlen ɣer usteɛreb rran-t ɣer yislamstiyen neɣ ɣer yirebraben , tafrenkfunit tella d iswi-nsen , xasakken Fransa teffeɣ Tunes , maca qqimen yideɣɣaren teddun d tiktiwin tifransisin , taɛrabt d tutlayt tunṣinbt n tunes deg tuddsa , maca ulac anda id-yettwabder bellli ilaq ad tt-sxedmen ɣef way-a tufa tefransist adeg wassɛen deg ulmud ,maca , daɣen deg tiliẓri d uɣmis d tanmehla i yferqen ɣef sin : aḥric s tefransist wayeḍ s taɛrabt .


text:
Afcad
S ism n tzlva n Tirra n imaratn s tmazivt, da akæ nttbddad ng ifssi g dat n tdyant ad ixatrn isvilfn lli igan tamttant n yan urgaz, ur d zun d irgazn akæ, yan ugadir yattuyn n igudar n tmazivt, mass Brahim Axyaï, yan g imaskawn n umussu amaziv g tmurt nnv Amur n Wakc, d tmura n tmazva s timmad nnsnt.
Mqqar d anaw ad n irgazn ur ar ittmmtat iv ka tmda tvssa nns,acku aæfs yad amud n uvalal g tudrt nns lli rad bdda ibuvlu ar yakka ijjign d tyafut,macc ivama ginv ad sul ur ivama g tama nnv vas s iman nns d iktayn.
Nttr ad taf twja nns d imddukæal nns g tvzi n Tmazva aççiäë ar d zrin avluf ad.
Tamlla n wakuc xf iman nns.