text:
Deg iseggusa n xemsin zi lqern yeɛdun, yura umara d useklan amiksiki Octavio Paz « Ayt Newyork, Paris d Lundun wer neṭṭqen awal n lmewt, minzi tessecmaḍ wancucen n wen zzag-s ineṭṭqen din ». Maca ɣer Imiksikuten d ijjen lḥajet nniḍen, ssawalen x-as aṭṭas, kṭer zi manaya tteggen ijjen ufistival n imettinen kur aseggas. Ijjen zzag-sen inna di manaya, qa lmewt d ijjen liraret ittirar zzag-s, timexsa-nnes i lmewt tettɣima i lebda.
Waxxa ijjen wawal am wanita rnin dag-s cwayt. Maca waxxa amenni ɛad isrusa ca n iseqsan, x tilalt (rôle) izemmer ad yirar lmewt, di umi nzemmer a nsemma « taẓuri n tudert ». Di tɣerma taɣerbit, ttwaxedmen imassen (outils) msebḍan, maḥend ad farqen jar-aneɣ-d neccin d tidet n lmewt-nneɣ. Nettaf di ca n arriklam ila neccin iggur a neqqim lebda d iḥudriyen, ɛawed nettagi a nessiwel x lmewt aked iḥenjiren-nneɣ, mamec nessagg°aj x-aneɣ iwessura d imeqqranen, nettegg-iten di taddart n Iwessura.
Waxxa amenni, ixess-aneɣ a nelmed mamec ɣa negg a nemseksi aked tigg°da-nni illan di lmewt. Mala nessen ila neccin qa d iwdan, ijjen wass a nemmet, zzag-s a nemɛarra aked imxumbal n manaya. Awi-d a nemuqqel deg uburtrih-in i tersem tanẓaurt Tamiksikanut Frida Kahlo, tegga-as i yisem n « axarres di lmewt » tegga ijjen uqecqac x tenyert-nnes. Niɣ awi-d ɛawed nfekker deg wawal n tmussni i yenna Albert Camus « Qbel lmewt, zi senni, kulci ad yili ». Maca maḥend a nemsuluḥ aked lmewt, d ijjen lḥajet ig illa ihwen di tmenna urid di tmegga.
Maca aqqa ad ac-ittɣil ila maḥend ad tawḍed ɣer waya, ad tegged ixef-nnec tettfekkred di ɛezrayen, niɣ mamec i das-qqaren ca n yiwdan « wen iqeṭṭwen buḥbel ». Aqqa ixess-aneɣ a nɛawed afekker di min daneɣ-ismunan neccin aked zzman s ixef-nnes. Deg iseṭṭiren i ɣa teɣrem, tnyaen n ixarrisen qqnen ɣer manaya, min ɣa innurẓmen ca n tebridin n uxattes, ɛawed izemmer ac-yejj ad tsiɣid ad tɛiced tudert-nnec d ccek tehnid.
Amensi di laxira
Deg useggas n 1886, yura umara ameqqran Lev Tulstoy ungal-nnes aquḍaḍ « tamettant n Ivan Ilitc ». Ittɛawad ungal-a wa tanfust n ijjen ixeddem di tezreft (justice) di temdint n Sant Pitersburg. Iwca tudert-nnes amen tekmel maḥend ad igeɛɛed deg iraqqen n tezreft. Mamec iɛawen lwacun-nnes ḥima ad ggen amkan-nnsen deg wagdud aburjwazi n Rusiya. Maca umi t-teṭṭef laxert d netta ɛad wer yeɛdi 45 iseggusa, isseqsa ixef-nnes d netta isɣellay imetmi n tarẓugi ma iḍeyyeɛ tudert-nnes amen tekmel d netta ittazzel awerni iɛerbab. Deg ungal nettaf iqqar « hi mala tudert-inu amen tekmer – di tidet – ttuɣa-tt yalleh d ijjen ufayyu ? »
Xminni nettili nettmetta, nettarra-d merra tasfift n tudert-nneɣ, min x-aneɣ ikkin. Mamec ɣa naca d neccin aqqa-aneɣ nettmetta uca nxezzer ɣer deffer ? Ma a naca s uɛeffar s min negga ? Ma a naca ila neccin nedder tudert-nneɣ bla ma tili nḍeyyeɛ ca n lḥajet di tudert-nneɣ ? Niɣ ad aneɣ-taɣ tayerzawt amec i yuqeɛ i « Ivan Ilitc » ? Maca min nxes a nessiweḍ belli wer dji ḥama teṭṭef-aneɣ laxert ɛad i ɣa nesseqsa iseqsan-a, aqqa nzemmer a nesseqsa ixef-nneɣ manaya zi lux. Maḥend a nbeddel zi tebridt n tudert-nneɣ d uxarres-nneɣ. X manaya ataf a nettrinar a nxayel, a nettsewwar. Aya neqqar x-as « amensi di laxira ».
Min teɛna tabridt-a n uxayel ? Ihwen, ad txayled ixef-nnec belli ɛerḍen-cek ɣer ca n umensi di laxira, ad kid-k ḥeḍren midden d kupi zzay-k. Xenni ad tettwalid ixef-nnec mli tuɣa teḍfared ibriden nniḍen di tudert-nnec. X ṭṭabla n umensi, ad temsagared aked ixef-nnec nniḍen mli tuɣa teqqared mliḥ. Ad temmelqid aked yiman-nnec nniḍen ɛawed mli tuɣa tejjid lxedmet-nnec tamezwarut, teḍfared tirja-nnec. Ɛawed, raḥ x-as amenni, mala aqqa-ac arkulist, niɣ tesnjḥed lemlak-nnec…
Xminni ɣa temsagared aked ikupiten zeg ixef-nnec, ca zzag-sen ad ac-d-banen cnin, inneḍni dag-sen aɛeffar. Ɛawed tzemmred ad tanfed ad temsagared aked ca n ijjen zeg ixef-nnec nniḍen. Maca drus zzag-sen ataf ac-inin ila cek wer teggid walu di tudert-nnec. Man yen zeg yina i texsed cek akid-s temsagaed akid-s temsawaled ? Man yen zeg yina i iggur ad ten-ttanfed ? Man yen zeg yinni i ɣa tasmed ? Ma din ḥedd nniḍen tili texsed ad tilid deg wemkan-nnes ?
Taseddit tameqqrant n tudert
Din ijjen tebridt tis tnayen maḥend a nefhem tilit (existence) n bnadem. Ixess-aneɣ a dd-nẓemm zi tmussni ig illan ɣer tussniwin n imezdaɣ imezwura deg waṭṭas n tmura. Tina d tussniwin ittekksent ifuray jar tudert d lmewt. Din ijjen wawal yecna di tussna n imezdaɣ n Newziland niɣ umi neqqar « Imawriyen ». Awal-a yettwassen s « Ukababa » niɣ ttasilet. « Ukababa » ixes ad yini ila neccin merra neqqen ɣer ijjen tseddit d tameqqrant, tetteqqen tasalt n yiḍ-a aked tinni i das-yezwaren d tinni i d ɣa asent ɛad.
« Ukababa » ad aneɣ-iɛawen maḥend ad tili ijjen tmuɣli d tameqqrant x tudert. Ataf nzemmer a nettwala iseddiyen imeẓẓyanen ig illan di tseddit-nni itteqqnen jer min yeɛdan, yiḍ-a d yimal. Zi ssa, x webrid n wawal-a, a nessen belli imettinen d inni iddren d inni ɛad wer d-ixliqen, aqqa-yen akid-neɣ deg ijjen wemkan. S uya ixess-aneɣ a ten-nweqqer. Manaya izemmer ad irreẓ tmuɣli-nni n uɣasṭar i x-aneɣ yeṭɣan, aɣasṭar i daneɣ-ittejjan dag-neɣ taɣennant d umeyyel-nneɣ ɣer tweḥdanit.
Maḥend ad tawḍed ad tfekkred acnaw Imawriyen n Newziland. Awi-d ca n wayyaw-nnec d ameẓẓyan, uca xayel-it iwweḍ ɣer tesɛin n iseggusa, awern-as, ad as-d-awyen ca n wayyaw-nnes netta mamec ixleq ɛad. Xenni, iwdan i kid-s ad fekkren deg weḥḍiḍ-nni ad seqsan ixef-nnsen : « Min ɣa iḥwaj ubibiḥ-a ḥma ad yeqqim x tudert ad yiɛic ijjen tudert yecnin deg iseggusa i d-igguren ? »
Ayyaw n wayyaw-nni izemmer ad yedder ar lqern wis 22. Manaya d tidet yeqqen ɣer-k d lwacun-nnec. Uca mala yecqa-aneɣ uḥenjir-nni ameẓẓyan ataf ixess-aneɣ a nerr taynit i tudert s merra iɣezdisa-nnes. A daneɣ-yecqa leɛwin i ɣa yegg di tarut-nnes. A daneɣ-tecqa tkasit i ɣa negg i tsuta i d-igguren a nweqqer tisuta i yezwaren.


c: text/html

text:
Tagrawt n 47, zi tegrawin timeqqranin n tsekla i yeẓra Aliman awerni i girra tamaḍlant tis tnayen. Tus-d tagrawt-a maḥend ad tili d yiles n ijjen tasalt i yeddren ifeqqusen n girra. Tagrawt-a tixḍar ijjen tebridt n tira d tamaynut, tɣewweɣ x tebridt i zi ttuɣa ttarin imezwura.
Tagrawt n 47, zi tjemmuein timeqqranin deg Uliman n uwerni girra tamaḍlant tis tnayen. Ttuɣa dag-s ismawen d imeqqranen deg ujenna n tira Talimant. Zzag-sen Heinrich Böll d Günter Grass i d ɣa yawyen tisemɣurin n Nobel. Aked inneɣni ameknaw Martin Walser d Ilse Aichinger.
Tettwagg tajemmuet-a deg useggas n 1947. Beddu-nnes ttuɣa-t nurmal, mani ijjen umari qqaren-as Hans Werner Richter yura ict tebrat i ca n imariten d iḥudriyen. Itter zzag-sen maḥend ad msagaren deg yeffus n Uliman ḥma ad mbuddalen array x yeḍrisen i yettarin. X manaya yeqqar Richter: “Merra weyyen-d iḍrisen-nnsen akid-sen, ɣrin zzag-s. Ammu i tt-teḍhar mayen umi semmiɣ ‘tagrawt n 47’. Deg umezwaru-nni ttuɣa wer ɣer-i la d ijjen tmuɣli x mamek i ɣa tili tagrawt-a”.
Beddu zi ziru
Richter i yemmuten deg useggas n 1993, d ddinamu i isnhezzan tagrawt-a. Mani ttuɣa dag-s, di eecrin iseggusa imezwura-nnes merra imariten i yejjin izumal-nnsen di tsekla Talimant.
Tagrawt-a urid d ca n tmesmunt niɣ ca n wamun ɣer-s turgant n daxel. Maca nettat ɣir tettegg tinawin-nnes tnayen n twalatin kul asseggas. Tagrawt-a tefhem ila lxedmet-nnes ad tili ameknaw ijjen fabrika n tsekla, qqaren dag-s iḍrisen waha. Maca ḥuma ad ssurfen min eicen di girra d tnamtin i yeedan. Ttuɣa-aneɣ zzat i yijj n tasalt d jjdid, tkessi s ixef-nnes lxedmet n ueawed n tira n umezruy-nnes aseklan zi ziru, Richter yenna x manaya: “Ameknaw tajemmuet-a tbedda lebda s ijjen wudem d aradikali […] Aked lweqt ad issen bnadem belli ula d tagrawt n 47 ttuɣa-tt d ijjen tecwiḥt zi tyumi tameqqrant n tsekla Talimant. Zeg ijjen uɣezdis nniḍen, ttuɣa imariten n berra lebda nxezzar ɣer-sen d ameknaw, maca ttuɣa ixess-aneɣ a nfabrika neccin amaḍal-nneɣ s ixef-nneɣ”.
Asmaynu, yeqqen deg uswir n yiles, ayt 47, ttuɣa xsen ad adsen ɣer wegdud s yijj n yiles iggwej x Trumantikt, yudes-as i tidet-nnes d mayen isxeddam deg wawal-nnes alebdan.
Tasɣunt n tsekla aked tsertit
Amek yeqqar Richter, ila ayt tagrawt-a ttuɣa ttɣilen ad jjen later-nnsen x isertanen x webrid n tsekla, ttuɣa wer xezzren ca ɣer tsekla zi tiṭṭ n tsekla waha. Maca tagrawt-a ttuɣa txes ad tbeddel ula d tabridt i zi ttuɣa ttxarrsen Ilimanityen. Tagrawt txezzer ɣer yixef-nnes ameknaw d ijjen ssekwila n tdimukraṭit azzareg-nnes d tasekla: “akritika, amseksi d wemnus”. D yina d iwalen i teksi tagrawt x yiri-nnes amek yeqqar Richter.
Wer yeedi bu aṭṭas n lweqt al mani tedwel tagrawt-a d wul n tussna Talimant ineddwen s tudert. Urid icrek di tinawin-nnes imeqqrnen n tsekla ameknaw Heinrich Boll d Gunter Grass waha, mac aula d imezɣanen d imeqqranen ameknaw Marcel Reich-Ranicki d Hannes Meyer, aked manaya, ttuɣa lmidiya lebda tterran-as taynit, lebda tudrin n wefsar ttemsazzalent ad fsarent idlisen-nnsen qbel ma ad tefsi tagrawt-a deg useggas n 1967.

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


text: Als Sie Euro-Japan Wörterbuch auf Ihrem mobilen Apparat wie Apple iPhone Apple iPad oder Google Android installieren, können Sie weiterhin unser Wörterbuch außerhalb Ihres Hauses oder Büros sogar ohne Internet gebrauchen.Anfangsbuchstabe: A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D E E E E E E E E E E G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O P R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T U U U U U U U U W W W W W W Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z


text:
Arraz n Nobel di tfizikt
Arraz n Nobel di tfizikt d arraz amseggas tettak-it-id tkadimt tageldant i tussniwin n Swid i widak i d-ifkan ittekkiyen uzzanen (ifazen) s waṭas yakk deg tɣult n tfizikt. Arraz-a iga d yiwen seg 5 n warrazen i d-isnulfa Alfred Nobel deg useggas n 1895, dɣa arraz-a yebda yettunefk-d deg useggas n 1901.
Arraz n Nobel amezwaru deg tɣult n tfizikt yettunefk i umsenfizik Wilhelm Röntgen i lmend n yimeẓla islidanen i d-ifka ass mi i d-isnarem azenzar n X.
Dɣa anagar n 3 n tullas kan i yernan (irebḥen) arraz-a, tullas-a d: Marie Curie deg useggas n 1903, Maria Goeppert-Mayer deg useggas n 1963 yakk d Donna Strickland deg useggas n 2018.


text: Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj. Sdfhsadf dfjjd jsd d lsdfj.


text:
Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Aбep; 阿贝尔; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Aбep; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Aбep; Abère; Abère; Avera; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Avera; Abère; Abère; AбerI (koMMyHa); Abère; ابره; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Aбep; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; Abère; 阿贝尔; Abère; Aбep (koMMyHa); Abère; Avera; Abère; Abère; chemun de la Franzia; település Franciaországban; sveitarfélag í Frakklandi; koMMyHa Bo ФpaHции; französische Gemeinde; comuna francesa; komunë në departamentin Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Francë; municipi francès; 法国大西洋比利牛斯省市镇; 法国市镇; comun fransexo; commune française du département des Pyrénées-Atlantiques; kumun Bro-C'hall; comuna francesa; obec v departemente Pyrénées-Atlantiques vo Francúzsku; gemeente in Frankrijk; MyHiципaлiTeT y дeпapTaMeHTi ATлaHTичHi ПipeHeï, ФpaHцiя; komune di Peurancih; 法國市鎮; 法国大西洋比利牛斯省市镇; una comuna francesa; comune francese; commune in Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France; بلدية في فرنسا; obec v departementu Pyrénées-Atlantiques ve Francii; kommune i Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Frankrike; Abere; Abere
Subcategories
This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total.


text:
Ɣur-neɣ imdanen ifen idrimen
D ayen ẓẓayen i yemdanen akken ad issinen ayen zemren ad rǧun seg iseɣẓan neɣ tanfiwin seqdacen ass-a. Tatiknulujit d tukrist, imdanen ur sɛin ara akud akken ad selḍen talqayt. Aya d ameɣtu ula i Firefox, anida nettaf d akken imdanen sɛan deqs n tiktiwin yemgaraden ɣef wamek itteddu uminig Web-nsen.
Di Mozilla, nettqadeṛ daɣen nemmestan isefka-ik·im udmawanen.
- Neṭṭafaṛ azrir n Insayen ɣef tbaḍnit n isefka ara yemudden talɣa n tarrayt-nneɣ icudden ar tbaḍnit deg useqdec n yiminigen Firefox i uselkim neɣ aziraz.
- Nleqqeḍ kan ayen nesra akken ad d-nesnulfu ifarisen ufrinen.
- Nettumuddu i yiseqdacen akked tiseqdacen tuṭṭfa gar ifassen n tudert-nsen srid akked beṭṭu n yisefka-nsen.
- Nedda akked tikti "ulac ayen fiɣef ur negmin". Amahil-nneɣ ihi d aheggi n wudem amek ara walin yimdanen tilawt n Firefox.
Isteqsiyen d tririyin id-iteddun ad k-ɛawnen ad tegzuḍ ayen tzemreḍ ad terǧuḍ seg Mozilla akked Firefox:
- Seqdaceɣ Firefox i yal taɣawsa di Web. Di Mozilla, ad tilim tesnem aṭas fell-i, d tidet?
-
Firefox, iminig Web yellan ɣef ibenk-inek neɣ uselkim-inek, d tiqenteṛt-k ɣer internet. Iminig-inek ad isefrek aṭas n telɣut ɣef ismal web i tettwaliḍ, dacu talɣut-agi ad teqqim deg ibenk-inek. Mozilla, takebbanit id-isnulfan Firefox, ur tleqqeḍ ara talɣut-agi (arama ma tsutreḍ-d aya).
- S tedett, ur tleqqeḍ ara amezruy-iw n tunigin?
-
Mozilla ur tessine ara ugar ɣeftanumi-ik deg tunigin. S tidet kan, nekni yellan d amaẓrag n yiminig, d acqirrew meqqren ɣur-neɣ. Ɣef waya i nefṣel ifecka yebnan ɣef ufran s lebɣi, am Firefox Pioneer, i yeṭṭaǧǧan iseqdacen akked tiseqdacin i yebɣan ad aɣ-d-mudden udem n tunigin-nsen. Ticki temtawiḍ azray-ik n tunigin gar isbeddiyen n Firefox, nekni ur neẓri ara, acku yettwawgelhen ɣef yibenk-ik.
- Ittban-d dakken akk tikebbaniyin web ttaɣent u znuzuyent isefka-inu. Ula d kunwi ahat ur temgaradem ara fell-asent.
-
Mozilla ur teznuzu, ur d-tettaɣ isefka fell-ak.
- Rǧu, amek ihi i d-ssekcam tadrimt?
-
Mozilla mačči d tuddsa am tiyaḍ. Tennulfa-d seg usenfaṛ n terbaɛt n useɣzan ilelli deg 1998. Mozilla yellan d tasbeddit i yettwalin iman-is ɣur-s tuɣdaḍt n useḥbiber ɣef Internet uzmir. Tuget n ubaɣur n Mozilla Corporation yekka-d seg unadi n yimendiden s yiminig Firefox neɣ amtawa n akked wiyaḍ deg umaḍal. Tzemreḍ ad teẓreḍ ugar ɣef wamek i d-ngemmer tadrimt deg uneqqis s useggas n tedrimt.
- Ih, ar tura ishel. Aniwi isefka i tleqḍem?
-
Mozilla tleqqeḍ-d kan kra n yisefka i ilaqen i Firefox, wid ara imudden tallelt akken ad negzu amek imdanen seqdacen inimig. Isefka-a cudden ɣer usulay agacuran mačči ɣer yisem neɣ tansa n yimayl. Akken ad tissineḍ ugar, tzemreḍ ad twaliḍ tasertit-nneɣ tabadnit daɣen tzemreḍ ad teɣreḍ tasemlit yemmden icudden ɣer ulqaḍ n yisefka.
Tasemlit-nneɣ d tazayezt akken yal yiwen ad yizmir ad isenqed dakken ayen id-neqqar d tidet, ini-aɣ-id ayen ilaq ad nesnerni, tzemreḍ ad twaliḍ ur neffir kra.
- Tasemlit-a d timseɛreqt i nekk. Ɣur-wen lqem s teqbaylit yettwafhamen kra?
-
Llant snat n taggayin n yisefka i nleqqeḍ s wudem amezwer deg lqem uzwir n Firefox.
Tamenzut d ayen i wumi qqaren " Isefka itiknikayen."D isefka-agi ɣef iminig, am unagraw n wammud iteddun akked d talɣut ɣef tuccḍiwin neɣ iɣelluyen.
Tis snta tcudd ɣer "yisefka n temyigawt". D isefka icudden ɣer ɣer wamek yettili useqdec n Firefox am umḍan n yiccaren yeldin, addad n yismenyifenn useqdac neɣ acḥal n tikwal i tettwaseqdec tmahilt (tuṭṭfa n ugdil neɣ iccaren n usatal, s umedya kan). Akken ad neṭṭef amedya yesɛan azal, ad tsendeḍ ɣef tqeffalt "aseter yezrin, Tignit s talɣa n uneccab deg tama n ufella azelmaḍ. Ad nsekles ma yella yiwen iseqdec tamahilt-a maca ur nẓeṛ ara anwa isebtar i yettwarzan.
- Tleqqḍem daɣen isefka-nniḍen deg ileqman uzwiren n Firefox?
-
D tidet. Ɣer tama n yisefka i d-yettwasgelmen nnig-a, nremmes-d s wudem awurman ineqqisen n uɣelluy akked tuccḍiwin deg yileqman uzwiren n Firefox.
Izmer daɣen ad d-nelqeḍ isefka-nniḍen deg yileqman uzwiren i yiwet seg tezrawin-nneɣ. Amedya, kra n tezrawin srant yen i wumi nsemma "isefka n urmud web", ayen izemren ad yegber tansiwin URLs akked telɣut-nniden ɣef yismal web. Ayagi ad aɣ-d-imudd tallelt ad d-naf tiririt i yisteqsiyen akken ad nesnerni Firefox, amedya, amek ara d-nger kra n yismal web yettwassnen deg kra n tutlayin.
Ileqman uzwiren n Mozilla nFirefox d tiɣerɣar n tneflit, i yettwaleqqamen sya ɣer da s tamhilin tirmitanin. Nleqqeḍ ugar n yisefka deg yileqman uzwiren ugar n wayen i ten-nleqqeḍ deg yileqman i irekden i wakken ad negzu amek teddunt tmahilin-a tirmitanin. Tzemreḍ daɣen ad teffɣeḍ seg ulqaḍ-a n yisefka deg yileqman uzwiren s usbadu n yismenyifen-ik.im.
- Maca quɣer i tleqqḍem yal asefku yella?
-
Ma yella ur nessaweḍ ara ad d-naf amek yettwaseqdec yimingi-ik neɣ ad nẓeṛ timahilin i seqdacen yiseqdacen, ur nettizmir ara ad nesnerni daɣen ad d-nmudd afaris i ak-ilaqen. Negmen akken ad nebnu ifecka n ulqaḍ akked tasleḍt n yisefka ara ɣ-yeǧǧen ad tt-negzem di ṛṛay ɣef unerni n yiminig maca s uqadeṛ n tbaḍnit n medden.
- Alqqaḍ n isefka ittawi-yi-d ibugen. Zemreɣ ad t-senseɣ?
-
Ih. Tuṭṭfa n yisefka gar ifassen-ik d yiwen seg wansayen-nneɣ n tbadnit. Nessemras-it deg Firefox deg usebter n yiɣewwaṛen n tbaḍnit-nneɣ, i yesdukkulen iɣewwaṛen n ummesten n tudert tabaḍnit deg Firefox. Tzemreḍ ad tsenseḍ alqaḍ n yisefka dagi.
- I yisefka n umiḍan-iw?
-
Numen ɣef usemẓi n ulqaḍ n isefka u ur nsutur ara ayen ur nesri.
Ur tesriḍ ara amiḍan akken ad tesqedceḍ Firefox. Imiḍanen ttwasran i umtawi n isefka deg yibenkan, ad nsuter kan tansa imayl-ik. Ur nettqellib ara ɣef tɣawsiwin am issem, tansa, azemz n tlalit akked uṭṭun n tiliɣri.
- Tseqdacem adellel umḍin deg telzuzit-nwen. Tettaɣem isefka n yemdanen i usaḍas n idellilen di Web?
-
Ala, ur neznuzu ara isefka n yimdanen i udellel.
Nessutur i yomendiden-nneɣ ad bnun kan ɣef yisefka igejdanen aniɣer imaẓragen akked yismal keččlen srid i yiseqdacen meṛṛa, am yiminig akked yibenk yettwaseqdacen.
- Ini hi, yettban d akken aseḥbiber ɣer tbaḍnit-iw terza ulawen-nwen.
-
Ih, nxeddem-it.


text:
Ṭṭelyan
Ṭṭelyan neɣ Tagduda Taṭelyant, (s taṭalyanit: Repubblica italiana) tezga-d di Turuft. Ṭṭelyan tekcem di Tadukli n tmura n Turuft. Tutlayt tasirant (tunṣibt) ines d taṭelyant.
AmezruyẒreg
Tamurt n Ṭelyan d tamurt tameqqrant deg umezruy n umaḍal: d agi i tulli tamdint n Roma.
TarakaltẒreg
InezwiẒreg
Ṭṭelyan tesɛa kraḍ n yeḥricen n anezwu[1] :
- Anezwu amsedrar deg agafa n Ṭṭelyan; anezwu qessiḥit mliḥ.
- Anezwu adu-mezzay agrawi deg izaɣaren; akked tigersin ttismiḍen d yeḥma d nnwa unebdu.
- Anezwu agraklan deg timnaḍin nniḍen; akked yeḥma unebdu.
Timnaḍin n ṬṭelyanẒreg
Tagduda n Ṭṭelyan deg-s 20 n timnaḍin[2].
IdlesẒreg
TutlayinẒreg
Nnig n taṭalyanit (d tutlayt tamaddudt ed tanamurt n Ṭelyan), tidersiwin deg Ṭelyan iheddṛen 12 n tutlayin nniḍen steɛṛfen seg uwanak : talbanit, takatalant, talmant, tagrigit, tasluvinit, takrwatit, tafrensist, arpitan, furlan, ladin, tuksitant ed sardu[3].
TizmilinẒreg
- ↑ Le climat en Italie, deg marcovasco.fr.
- ↑ 2,0 et 2,1 (Taṭalyanit: it) Regioni italiane, deg tuttitalia.it.
- ↑ Italie Loi du 15 décembre 1999, no 482, deg axl.cefan.ulaval.ca.


text:
krefVB [kref]
être paralysé; être engourdi
Flexions kreftkerfem tekrifeḍ tekrifem kerref ikerref kerfemt kerrfen tekref kerfent tekrif krifent kerrfeɣ kref tkerrfem yekref tkerfemt yekrif tekrifemt kerrfet tkerref kerfeɣ kerrfent nekref krifeɣ nekrif ikerfen tkerrfeḍ kerfet tkerrfemt ikref kerfen ikrif krifen kerrfemt nkerref tkerfeḍ ikerrfen
Sources kref
- BOUAMARA Kamel, Issin : Asegzawal n teqbaylit s teqbaylit, Editions l'Odyssée, Tizi-Ouzou, 2010
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982
Phrases avec le mot kref
Kra d amured, kra d tikli n kennu zun ɣef udem, tigecrar kerfent, wḍen ɣer tregwa ufella .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]


text:
Talɣa:Tasna tamzwarut/Wikipidya
Tga Wikipidya yat tsanayt nɣ d asamu amuṭṭun igan ilelli nɣ aḥuṛṛi illan s kigan n tutlayin, tettuskar af ad tg yat twuri n umyawas innurẓmn i kraygatt yan, xdmn gis agudi n imaran nna gis ittaran bla zgis ɣʷin tiɣrad.
Wikipidya iga yan zɣ iɣbula n umlan lli kullu imqqurn d lli kullu ittussann ɣ umaḍal ɣ yigr n wantirnit, ig zɣ smmus d mraw isitn lli d bahra ttkkan middn s ussinaw lli tskr Aliska ɣ wayyur n yunyu 2020. Ar takka tsanayt ad yan ukttur igan fabuṛ war asussn. Tumẓ tt tmrslt n Wikimidya, tettkellef sis. Tg tmrslt ad yat tmaddast mi ur igi uwttas iqariḍn, ar tt ttmuwwaln middn ɣar s twizi d ttabarruɛat.


text:
1
Bilaṭus yefka lameṛ ad awin Sidna Ɛisa a t-wten s ujelkkaḍ.
2
Lɛeskeṛ zḍan taɛeṣṣabt s isennanen, ssersen-as-ț ɣef wuqeṛṛuy, selsen-as daɣen abeṛnus azeggaɣ,
3
imiren țqeṛṛiben ɣer zdat-es qqaṛen : Azul fell-ak ay agellid n wat Isṛail ! Rnan kkaten-t s iṣeṛfiqen ( ibeqqayen ).
4
Bilaṭus yeffeɣ-ed daɣen ɣer imeqqranen n wat Isṛail yenna-yasen : Atan a wen-t-id-awiɣ ɣer dagi akken aț-țeẓrem belli ur ufiɣ ara deg-s sebba s wayes ara ḥekmeɣ fell-as.
5
Ssufɣen-d Sidna Ɛisa ɣer beṛṛa s tɛeṣṣabt-nni n isennanen akk-d ibidi ( abeṛnus ) azeggaɣ. Bilaṭus yenna-yasen : Atan ɣuṛ-wen !
6
Mi t-walan imeqqranen n wat Isṛail d iɛessasen, bdan țɛeggiḍen : Semmeṛ-it ɣef wumidag ! Semmeṛ-it ɣef lluḥ ! Bilaṭus yenna yasen : Ma tebɣam a t-tsemmṛem ɣef wumidag, atan ɣuṛ-wen ! Ma d nekk, ur ufiɣ ara sebba s wayes ara ḥekmeɣ fell-as.
7
Lecyux n wat Isṛail rran-as : Nukni nesɛa ccariɛa ; ccariɛa nneɣ teqqaṛ-ed : Argaz am agi ilaq ad yemmet axaṭer yenna-d : « Nekk d Mmi-s n Ṛebbi.»
8
Imeslayen-agi sxelɛen Bilaṭus.
9
Yuɣal yekcem ɣer wexxam n ccṛeɛ yesteqsa daɣen Sidna Ɛisa, yenna-yas : Ansi i d-tekkiḍ ? Sidna Ɛisa ur s-d-yerri ara awal.
10
Bilaṭus yenna-yas : Amek ! Ur iyi-d-țarraḍ ara awal ? Ur teẓriḍ ara belli zemreɣ a k-serḥeɣ, zemreɣ daɣen ad fkeɣ lameṛ a k-semmṛeɣ ɣef wumidag ?
11
Sidna Ɛisa yenna-yas : Ur tezmireḍ i wacemma fell-i anagar ayen i k-d-yețțunefken seg igenni. Daymi win i yi-d-yewwin ger ifassen-ik yewwi ddnub akteṛ-ik.
12
Seg imiren Bilaṭus yețqellib amek ara d-iserreḥ i Sidna Ɛisa lameɛna lecyux n wat Isṛail sekkren leɛyaḍ, qqaṛen-as : Ma tserrḥeḍ-as i wergaz-agi ur telliḍ ara d aḥbib n Qayṣer, axaṭer win yerran iman-is d agellid, d aɛdaw n Qayṣer.
13
Mi gesla i imeslayen-agi, Bilaṭus yessufeɣ-ed Sidna Ɛisa ɣer beṛṛa, yeqqim ɣef wukursi n ccṛeɛ deg umkan iwumi qqaṛen s tɛibṛanit «Gabbaṭa» yeɛni «afrag yessan s yeblaḍen».
14
Ass-nni, d ass uqbel lɛid n Tfaska ; aț-țili d leǧwahi n tnac, Bilaṭus yenna i lecyux n at Isṛail : Atan ugellid-nwen !
15
Meɛna nutni rnan ɛeggḍen : Enɣ-it ! Enɣ-it ! Semmeṛ-it ɣef wumidag ! Bilaṭus yenna-yasen : Amek ! Ad semmṛeɣ agellid nwen ? Lecyux n wat Isṛail rran-as : D Qayṣer i d agellid-nneɣ, ur nesɛi ara agellid nniḍen.
16
Dɣa Bilaṭus yefka-yasen-t akken a t-semmṛen ɣef wumidag. ?ṭfen-d Sidna Ɛisa
17
sbubben-as amidag, ffɣen si temdint, ulin ɣer wemkan yețțusemman « tiɣilt n uqeṛṛuy » ( iwumi qqaṛen s tɛibṛanit « Gulguṭa »).
18
Dinna i t-semmṛen ɣef lluḥ nețța akk-d sin nniḍen. Sbedden imidagen yiwen sya wayeḍ sya, Sidna Ɛisa di tlemmast.
19
Bilaṭus yumeṛ ad semmṛen yiwet n telwiḥt sennig uqeṛṛuy n Sidna Ɛisa, yura deg-s : « Ɛisa anaṣari, agellid n wat Isṛail.»
20
Imi amkan-nni anda i t-semmṛen ur yebɛid ara ɣef temdint, aṭas n wat Isṛail i geɣṛan talwiḥt-nni yuran s tɛibṛanit, s tlatinit ț-țyunanit.
21
Lecyux n wat Isṛail ccetkan ɣer Bilaṭus, nnan-as : Ur ilaq ara aț-țaruḍ ɣef telwiḥt nni «Agellid n wat Isṛail,» lameɛna ilaq aț-țaruḍ «Argaz-agi yenna d : nekk d agellid n wat Isṛail.»
22
Bilaṭus yerra-yasen : Ayen uriɣ ad yeqqim akken i t-uriɣ.
23
Mi semmṛen Sidna Ɛisa ɣef wumidag, lɛeskeṛ ddmen-d lqecc-is bḍan-ten ɣef ṛebɛa, yal yiwen yewwi amur-is ; yeqqim-ed ujellab-is ur nefṣil ur nxaḍ, mazal-it akken yezḍa seg yixef ɣer wayeḍ.
24
Heddṛen wway gar-asen, nnan : Acuɣeṛ ara t-ncerreg, eyyaw axiṛ a nger tasɣaṛt fell-as a nẓer anwa ara t-yawin. S wakka i gennekmal wayen yuran di tira iqedsen : Feṛqen lqecc-iw, gren tasɣaṛt ɣef wubeṛnus-iw.» Akka i xedmen iɛsekṛiyen-nni.
25
Zdat umidag, tbedd yemma-s n Sidna Ɛisa, weltma-s n yemma-s, Meryem tameṭṭut n Klufas akk-d Meryem tamagdalit.
26
Mi gwala Sidna Ɛisa yemma-s tbedd ɣer tama n unelmad-nni i gḥemmel, yenna-yas : A tameṭṭut, atan mmi-m.
27
Yenna daɣen i unelmad-nni : Ațan yemma-k. Seg imiren anelmad-nni yewwi-ț ɣer wexxam-is.
28
Mi geẓra Sidna Ɛisa dayen kullec ifuk, yenna iwakken ad nnekmalent tira iqedsen : Ffudeɣ !
29
Yella dinna ubuqal yeččuṛen d lxell. Dmen-d ameččim n taḍuṭ cudden-t ɣer yixef n uɣanim, sbezgen t-id s lxell-nni, ssawḍen-as-t ɣer yimi-s.
30
Akken kan i geɛṛeḍ lxell-nni, Sidna Ɛisa yenna : Kullec yețwakemmel ! Yessekna aqeṛṛuy-is, yessufeɣ ṛṛuḥ.
31
Tafaska n izimer n leslak yeɣli-d deg wass n westeɛfu. Tameddit n wass uqbel ass n westeɛfu, lecyux n wat Isṛail ur bɣin ara ad ǧǧen lǧețțat-nni ɣef yimidagen di leɛwaceṛ. Ṛuḥen ad ssutren i Bilaṭus a sen-ṛẓen iḍaṛṛen i widak-nni yețwasemmṛen ; iwakken ad kksen lǧețțat-nsen.
32
Lɛeskeṛ ṛuḥen, ṛẓan iḍaṛṛen i yiwen seg widak-nni yețwasemmṛen ț-țama n Sidna Ɛisa, syenna uɣalen ɣer wayeḍ.
33
Mi wwḍen ɣer Sidna Ɛisa, ufan-t yemmut yakan, daymi ur s-ṛzin ara iḍaṛṛen-is.
34
Yiwen uɛeskṛi yessenta yas isekkin deg idis, imiren ffɣen-d waman akk-d idammen seg-s.
35
Win i d-yeḥkan ɣef wannect-agi d inigi n ṣṣeḥ, axaṭer d ayen i geẓra s wallen-is. Yezṛa ț-țideț i d-yenna, yenna-t-id akken aț-țamnem ula d kunwi.
36
Ayagi meṛṛa yedṛa iwakken ad yețțukemmel wayen yuran di tira iqedsen : Ula d yiwen seg yeɣsan-is ur yețṛuz.
37
Yura daɣen : Ad ssersen tamuɣli ɣef win i fetken.
38
Deffir wannect-agi meṛṛa, Yusef n taddart n Arimati iṛuḥ yessuter i Bilaṭus a t-yeǧǧ ad yawi lǧețța n Sidna Ɛisa. Nețța daɣen yella d anelmad-is, lameɛna yeffer iman-is axaṭer ițțaggad lecyux n wat Isṛail. Bilaṭus yeqbel wayen i s-d yessuter ; dɣa Yusef iṛuḥ a d-yawi lǧețța n Sidna Ɛisa nețța d Nikudem,
39
win akken i gṛuḥen deg yiḍ ɣer Sidna Ɛisa. Nikudem yewwi-d yid-es azal n tlatin litrat n leɛṭeṛ ixeddmen i lmegtin.
40
Di sin yid-sen, wwin-d lǧețța n Sidna Ɛisa xedmen-as leɛṭeṛ akken i tella lɛadda n wat Isṛail, imiren țțlen-t s lekfen.
41
Zdat wemkan anda semmṛen Sidna Ɛisa, tella deg yiwet n tmazirt yiwen n yefri yețwaheggan d aẓekka, ulac win i gmeḍlen deg-s.
42
Imi i geqṛeb yefri-nni, rran lǧețța n Sidna Ɛisa ɣer daxel, axaṭer ass i d-iteddun d ass n westeɛfu n wat Isṛail.


text:
Tidukliwin yekkaten ɣef tutlayt n tmaziɣt heggan-d ahil d amarkanti ɣef ayen yerzan aselmed n tmaziɣt deg iɣerbazen. Imeɣnasen n tmaziɣt deg Tigzirin Tikanariyin gezment di rray akken ad slemden tulayt n Masinisa deg uɣerbaz amezwaru alarmi d tusanwit.
c.w.
Tutlayt n tmaziɣt sɣurayen-t deg Tigzirin Tikanariyin
Tidukliwin yekkaten ɣef tutlayt n tmaziɣt heggan-d ahil d amarkanti ɣef ayen yerzan aselmed n tmaziɣt deg iɣerbazen. Imeɣnasen n tmaziɣt deg Tigzirin Tikanariyin gezment di rray akken ad slemden tulayt n Masinisa deg uɣerbaz amezwaru alarmi d tusanwit.


text:
Illa yiwen n urgaz d afellaḥ, ala tamusni i d raṣ lmal-is, maca nnif d lḥerma d agerruj, Yef isseḥbibir nezzeh. Ihi yiwen n wass, innuY d tmeṭṭut-is armi i t-tluqeb, tenna-yas:-Lukan seiY zzher nekk seg uxxam n wid iYṛan, ur ttaYeY ara afellaḥ leemeṛ ikcim aYerbaz, atmaten-iw d at leqlam Yef umeẓẓuY.
Afellaḥ, mi isla i lehduṛ-agi, ittwajreḥ, acku iẓra sani rran. inna-yas:-Ihi i mi ttwaḥqṛeY akk, ad truḥed tura Yer uxxam-nwen, ad ten-testeqsiḍ Yef wayen akk ad awen-ini&gamma,; ma ur d-tewwiḍ ara tiririt iseḥḥan ad tuYaleḍ, acku win iYran mačči d nekkini.
Tenna-yas:-Bbuh ! Ur yelli usteqsi umi ur sein watmaten-iw tiririt.
Inna-yas:-Ini-asen acu i irẓagen di ddunit ? D acu i iẓiḍen di ddunit?
Tenna-yas:-Ah d aya ! tura ara ruḥeY.
Mmi-tsen ad d-issel i wayen ara iḍeṛṛun, iḥsa yemma-s ur d-tettawi tiririt ilaqen, issen baba-s d bu lemeun, xwal-is d at-zzux n baṭel, yuggad Yef yemma-s, iffeY si ṭṭaq n teerict, izwar s abrid ad iqabel yemma-s, imlal yid-s mi tleḥḥu inna-yas:-Yemma tewwiḍ-d tiririt?
Tenna-yas:-Meelum.
Inna-yas:-Acu-tt?
Tenna-yas:-I iẓiḍen d tament, i irẓagen d qeḍṛan.
DYa yewwet anyir-is, inna-yas:-Acu iyi-yeğğan zwareY-am-d s abrid.
Tenna-yas:-AyYer?
Inna-yas:-Lemmer ad isel i tiririt-a ad am-ibḍu aqeṛṛu, ma tebYiḍ ad tkemmleḍ ussan-im yid-ne&gamma,; ini’-as terẓeg d cceṛ tiẓedt d lxiṛ.
YuYal mi tewweḍ s axxam, inna-yas urgaz-is:-Amek ihi?
Tenna-yas:-Ad ak-qaṛṛen i irẓagen d cceṛ, i iẓiden d lxiṛ.
Argaz mi yesla i tririt yuzzel srid ar tYurfet, yufa-n mmi-s ulac-it, ifhem tamsalt, iruḥ-d s azniq yaf mmi-s di beṛṛa, inna-yas:-Imi tselkeḍ wiyaḍ, sellek tura iman-ik.
Baba-s:-Acu i iYelben times?
Mmi-s: – D aman.
Baba-s:-Acu i iYelben aman?
Mmi-s:-D asawen.
Baba-s:-D acu i iYelben asawen?
Mmi-s:-D lxil.
Baba-s:-D acu i iYelben lxil?
Mmi-s:-D argaz.
Baba-s:-D acu i iYelben argaz?
Mmi-s:-D tameṭṭut.
Inna-yas baba-s:-Ihi a mmi, tura mi k-ẓriY d uḥdiq ad k-weṣṣiY.
Mmi-s:-Aneam a baba !
Baba-s:-Ur xeddem d leḥkem ijuṛen, ur ttawi ṭlaba umectaq, ur mmal lbaḍna i tmeṭṭut.
Mmi-s:-Ad ak-yeefu Ṛebbi.
Yeḥya Yanes. (Yahia Yanes)


text:
zeyyenVB [zeyyen]
embellir; orner, parer
Synonymes : cebbeḥ
Flexions zeyyentzeyyinemt tetzeyyin tzeyyinent ttzeyyinemt zeyyneɣ tettzeyyin tzeyynem ttzeyyinent tzeyyin yetzeyyin tetzeyyinemt ttzeyyin zeyynet yettzeyyin tzeyyen tettzeyyinemt zeyynent tzeyyineɣ netzeyyin yetzeyyinen ttzeyyineɣ tzeyyneḍ nettzeyyin tzeyynemt yettzeyyinen tzeyyinet itzeyyin tzeyyinen ttzeyyinet zeyynemt ittzeyyin nzeyyen ttzeyyinen izeyynen tetzeyyineḍ tetzeyyinem itzeyyinen zeyyen tettzeyyineḍ izeyyen tettzeyyinem zeyynen ittzeyyinen
Sources zeyyen
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982


text:
Deg tdiwennit-a, nestqsa amaṣwaḍ n tmaziɣt, Mass Yahia Bellil, ɣef uhetwir-agi yekkren ɣef umekkan n tmaziɣt deg usemres n wakud deg yiɣerbazen, imi ɣef wakken i t-id-nnan, ur iban ara yixef-is.
Aɣmis n yimaziɣen: Amek ara d-tili tuɣalin ɣer uɣerbaz deg tallit n Kuruna ?
Yahia Bellil: Awanek ur d-yenni ara d acu n wallalen i yellan gar yifassen-is akken ad ihenni inelmaden d yimawlan-nsen, ad rsent tsiswa-nsen. Awal yellan ɣef waya, d ayen kan i d-yessufeɣ uɣlif n usedwel aɣelnaw deg ulɣu 1 127 n wass n 11.10.2020. Yemla-d deg-s amek ara teddes tuɣalin n usaggas-a, ama si tama n tezmert, ama si tin n beṭṭu n yinelmaden ɣef tneɣriyin deg yiɣerbazen, ama si tin n usemres n wakud i yal tanga. Yeqqim-d deg tamiwin i terza tuɣalin, ma yella zemrent ad seddunt timsal akken iwata, akken ur inetteḍ ara, ur icerree ara waṭṭan n tawla n kuruna, am tɣiwanin, imawlan n wallalen n usiweḍ n yimdanen, d wiyaḍ. Tamsalt tefka-d ticci; ur yeshil ara waluf. Maca, ur ttɣimin ara akka yinelmaden, berra i uɣerbaz. Ilaq ad bdun medden ad ttnamen amahil deg tegnatin n ddiq. Wissen d acu ara d-yefk yimal deg temsalt-a. Ma nezmer, ad nkemmel; ma yusa-d wayen iɣef ur nebni, ahat ad d-siwlen ɣer tuɣalin s axxam.
Deg uɣawas i d-yuzen uɣlif n usedwel aɣelnaw, ass n 11.10.2020, ɣef usemres n wakud, yella umaynut. Ini-aɣ-d iwellihen igejdanen i d-yefka.
Ayen yeqqnen ɣer usaḍuf, iban. Arra iwelleh-d ɣer wayen ara yilin deg yiɣerbazen akken ur ttaḍnen ara deg-sen medden. Ameqqal (arrêté) wis-52, yefka-d azemz n tuɣalin n yinelmaden, tilisa n yimuras iɣurbizen; wis-53, yemla-d amek ara yeḍru ubeddel n tiggezt (inscription), i unelmad yebɣan ad ibeddel aɣerbaz. Amur i aɣ-yeǧǧan ad nemmeslay ɣef warra-a, d amur-nni n tuddsa n leqraya n yinelmaden. Deg-s, yedda-d wamek ara yeddes uselmed deg yal aswir : akud, tangawin, igrawen n yinelmaden, atg. Yal aswir s yiwellihen-is, deg yixf iman-is. Dinna i d-iban wakud d umkan i yettunefken i tamaziɣt.
Dɣa d wa i d lsas. Γef wakken i t-id-nnan kra n yiselmaden, amkan n tmaziɣt deg usemres n wakud ur iban ara mliḥ. D acu i twalaḍ ?
Imdanen i ixedmen ɣef waya, ddan i lmend n yiwellihen n tesweḍt tamatut. Yella kra n uɣawas i ḍefren. Γas akka, yeqqim-d cwiṭ n wugur. Ansa i as-tekkiḍ, ad tafeḍ tamaziɣt-nni teṭṭerrif iman-is; ur tekcim ara s tehri ɣer ugni n tangiwin tigejdanin. Tazwara, niqqal yuzzel wawal ɣef tibawt n tmaziɣt. Tura, mi akka i d-yusa warra unṣib, nufa ayenni d lekdeb. Yelha. D acu kan, ara-agi ur yefki ara afud i tmaziɣt, ad tili d tunsibt nettat diɣen deg uɣerbaz. Deg yixf yerzan aɣerbaz amezwaru, i uswir wis-4 d wis-5, ad tcukkeḍ am wakken tuddsa terza iɣerbazen ideg igrawen i yeqqaren tamaziɣt meẓẓiyit maḍi, am wakken yella lḥal deg temnaḍin tieerbawalin. Tikwal, ad naf yiwen unelmad di tneɣrit n tmaziɣt, tikwal sin… ulac agraw ummid. Daymi i d-yemmeslay warra-nni ɣef usddukkel n yinelmaden n tneɣriyin n yiwen uswir deg yiwen n ugraw. Amedya, inelmaden n snat neɣ ugar n tneɣriyin n uswir wis-4, ad mlilen ɣer yiwen n ugraw, imi drus tid-sen. Yezmer ad yeḍru waya. Ma yella bɣan yinemhalen n yiɣerbazen ad xedmen akka, ulac deg-s.
Di temnaḍin timazɣawalin, ideg tineɣriyin mmdent, ur yezmir ara ad yili waya. Wagi, tura, iban. D taluft n leḥsab. Ugur yellan d wa : Melmi ara ɣren yinelmaden tamaziɣt ?
Ih, melmi ?
Mačči d nekk ara t-id-yinin; d arra-nni n uɣlif. Ad d-suqqleɣ :
“ Yezmer ad rsent tɣimay n usedwel di tẓuri akked tmaziɣt i kra n ugraw berra i tegnit n leqraya n yigrawen-nniḍen, neɣ deg uɣawas n wakud n yimalas n yal agraw, ma yella wamek.”
Dagi, d acu ara tegzuḍ ? Ma yella wayen ara yeffɣen i wakud unsib, d tamaziɣt d tẓuri. D acu i d sseba n waya ? Twalaḍ aẓayer n tmaziɣt ass-a, deg uɣerbaz. D tanga i d-irnan sufella; yezmer unelmad ad tt-iɣer, yezmer ad tt-yagi. Dɣa, mi xedmen akka, d aẓayer-agi i asen-yemlan abrid. Ur tekksen ara tanga tunsibt, ad fken amakan i tin ur nersi. Uguren, mačči yiwen. Ma yella, aɣerbaz amezwaru yexḍa i tagi n tɣuri deg wass n ssebt, aswir alemmas tḥuza-t. Taseddart i yemmeslayen ɣef waya d ta (ad d-suqqleɣ) :
“ Aselmed n tsenselkimt, n uẓawan d tẓuri, ad yili s nnuba, abrid i 15 n wussan. Ad iḍerru, yerna d tasureft, ass n ssebt deg yiɣerbazen ilan tamaziɣt.”
Dagi, ad negzu ayen i nebɣa. Anemhal yezmer ad ak-yini : “ Tangawin-a merra, ad tent-nsers ass n ssebt.” Yiwen yezmer ad ak-yini : “ Tangawin-a merra ad ttuseɣrayent ass n ssebt; tamaziɣt ad teqqim am tiyaḍ deg uɣawas unsib. Im tella nettat, tdegger tigi-nniḍen ɣer taggara n yimalas.” Di tilawt, aḍris n tanaḍin i umahil, ur ilaq ara ad iger medden deg umazzar. Ilaq ad yeseu yiwen unamek; ad t-yeḍfer yiwen usnas. Acimi akka ? Wissen. Yal yiwen amek ara yesleḍ tamaslat.
Tidmi-k keččini. Amek i d-teɣriḍ aya ?
Ur yeweir ara fell-asen ad d-ferzen timsal. Tillas –a ideg tger tanaḍt n uɣlif n usedwel aɣelnaw, ur srusuyent ara tignatin; senfufudent ifeṭṭiwjen n umennuɣ. Ssya d afella, ahat ad yebbetli uɣlif ɣer waya, ad d-ibeggen d acu i yebɣa. Ma yella d leɣlaḍ kan i yellan, ad t-nekkes, ad frunt temsal. Ma yella d ayen nniḍen, ad iqabel timetti.
S yiman-iw, bɣiɣ ad amneɣ d leɣlaḍ kan i d-yegren.
Wamma, ma ieemmed, yebɣa ad idegger tamaziɣt ɣer wass n yiɣimi n yinelmaden, mačči d lḥeqq fell-as. Aya ad yesfukti ɣer medden adegger n tmaziɣt. Yiwet, d tanga timernit, tayeḍ ur d-ttaken ara tarwa-nsen ass n yiɣimi. D ayen ur nettwaqbal. Imdanen yeṭṭafaren amhaz n tmaziɣt deg tsuda (institutions) n tmurt, yal yiwen s tmuɣli-s. Amgirred yekka-d seg uẓayer i deg gren tamaziɣt; d netta i d-yettawin akk tixessarin-a, yal aseggas. Wanag i wacu akk timenǧuein-a i aɣ-iteqqsen yal mi ara d-nemmeslay ɣef tmaziɣt ? Amer ibeddel uẓayer-a, yili frant akk tmenqas-a timeẓẓyanin. Medden ttmeyyizen. Deg usatal igi nella, ggtent tyitwin. Atmaten inselmen kkaten amek ur tettili ara tmaziɣt d tunsib; adabu yesseḥbas imeɣnasen n tugdut d tmaziɣt; yerna-d uɣlif n usedwel tin-is : amkan n tmaziɣt ur yettban ara alamma s yisuɣan d rriḥa n ukawaču. Aẓayer n tmaziɣt – yerna d aselmed n tutlayt, mačči d aselmed s tutlayt – yefka afud i at lbirwat ad uraren akken i bɣan s uselmed n tutlayt-a. Ass-a, adabu yeḥsa belli deg tmura n Ufella ilan aṭas n tutlayin, tasertit tetteddu s lqis. Yal tutlayt tla tallunt-ines, yella uɣref i tt-yettmeslayen. Yal aɣref ila isuḍaf-is, ila diɣen cwiṭ-nni n tnaya (souveraineté) i yettgen tilisa i uɣmar (domination) n yiduba. Dagi, ɣer-neɣ, mazal d yiwen kan i yettsewwiqen, ixeddem ayen yeffɣen fell-as. Netta tamuɣli-s d tin n 62, d tin n wass-a.
Amek ara tqablem, kunwi s yimaswaḍen tagnit am ta, ladɣa ma rran aselmed n tmaziɣt, ass n ssebt ?
Mačči armi d ass-a i bdant fell-aɣ tmeckukal am ti. Akken i nqubel timenza ara nexdem i tneggura. S sswab d lmeequl. Ad nemmeslay, ad naru, ad nsuɣ ma ilaq. Awal kkiɣ-d seg-s. Ur iban ara ead ma d tidet tetudegger tmaziɣt ɣer wass n ssebt. Ma tezzer maḍi, ad d-nefk isumar ara d-yessersen talwit, ara d-yerren yal yiwen ɣer leeqel-is.
Yesteqsa-t Hocine Moula


text:
Tizikmarin
Tizikmarin (assaɣ ussnan: Archaeognatha) d tafesna n ibureɣsen iwrefriwen, igmamen n tafesna ayi ur ttwamhazen ara s waṭas seg mi i d-uflalen deg tallit tadivunayt yakk d tissisin.
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Igmamen n tegrawt-a d wid yettidiren s talɣa tagejdant ɣef tmadɣaɣin d iseffaluyen d yiẓra akken i tetten tafurri d wadal. Tilmas-is d timenzuya nettgent s usemres n yiṭarren-nsent d tallalt seg kra n imuren n wadis
Asesmel[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tagrawt-a tegber seg wazal n 500 n telmas, Tilmas-a bṭant ɣef snat n twaculin:


text:
Kazaxestan
Kazaxestan neɣ Tagduda n Kazaxestan (s tkazaxt : Qazaqstan, ҚaзaқcTaH, /qɑzɑqˈstɑn/ ed Qazaqstan Respublikasy, s tarusit : KaзaxcTaH, Kazakhstán, /kɐzəxˈstɐn/ ed Pecпyблиka KaзaxcTaH, Respoublika Kazakhstán), d awanak n Turuft Usamar ed Asya talemmast[1], d tamurt tis tẓa (tesɛa) i imeqqren deg umaḍal[2], tajumma-ynes 2 717 000 km²[1]. Tamanaɣt-ynes d Astana[2].
Tarakalt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Kazaxestan tesɛa tilist akked Rusya ɣer agafa, Mungulya d Ccinwa ɣer usamar, Kirgizistan, Uzbakistan, Illel n Aral ed Turkmanistan ɣer wenẓul ed akked illel Caspium ɣer umalu[1].
Tizmilin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 et 1,2 Kazakhstan, deg larousse.fr.
- ↑ 2,0 et 2,1 (en) Kazakhstan, deg britannica.com.


text:
Tamsdalt:Tasna n Usnubg
- You can read this page in other languages. The language menu is here.
Brrk dar Tmsdalt Wikimidya!
Xtad tga Tamsdalt Wikimidya, ɣid a ɣ ttwasnmalan, ttyaran, tyirimn isnfarn n wiki n wikimidya s tunɣilin timaynutin n kra n tutlayt n Wikibidya, Wikidlis, Wikinɣmisn, Wikibdr, Wikimawal d Wikimuddu fad ad ttwasnbgin dar Timrslt n Wikimidya.
Mqqar iwikitn iniram ɣ tmsdalt n wikimidya ur darsn ittili wansa nsn, iẓḍar ad ttwaɣran d ttwasnfln zund kraygat asnfar n wiki yaḍni n Wikimidya.
Tunɣilin timaynutin n kra n tutlayt n Wikitasdawit iqqand ad tftu s Beta Wikitasdawit, d win Wikiaɣbalu s Agtutlayt Wikiaɣbalu.
Ur tẓḍart ad tsnflt asnfar amaynu ɣid , tẓḍart ɣar ad tsnflt tunɣilt tamaynut n kra n tutlayt ɣ kra n usnfar yad illan. iɣ trit ad tsnfld asnfar amaynu, ddu s meta:proposals for new projects.
Iwikitn ɣ Tmsdalt
Ɣid kra iwikitn lli ɣ illa umussu:
Isnfarn aytmatn
Timrslt n Wikimidya tmhl mnnaw isnfarn yaḍn Agtutlayn d Isnfarn n ukttur ilellin:


text:
Tutlayt tamaddudt
Tutlayt tamaddudt (tutlayt tunṣibt) d tutlayt imi id yettunefk umeggez asadaf ddg kra n uwanak, Tutlayt tamaddudt d tin yessexsam udabu amdya deg wemni d teɣdemt,Maca deg waṭas n tikwal tutlayt tamaddudt mači d tutlayt yessexsam uɣref deg tmeslayt-is, Mac yessexsam-it kan udabu
Azal 178 n iwunak n umadal ssexdamen yiwet n tutlayt tamaddudt ma drus, 101 ssexdamen ugar n yiwet n tutlayt tamaddudt, ihi azal ameqran n iwunak-a ttakzen-d (steɛrifen-d) s ugar n yiwet n tutlayt tamaddudt d tanamurt
Taglizit yakk i d tutlayt ilan azal ameqran n iwunak anda i tella d tamaddudt (51 n iwunak).


text:
Kliyupatra Tiss Sa
Cleopatra (Tagrikt: Kλeoπάtpa Φιλoπάtwp) 69 dat n tlalit - 10 ɣuct 30 dat n tlalit, tkka-tt-inn tga tgllidt n tgldiyt tabṭulimiyt n Miẓra. Nttat ad iggwran i tglda-nns.
Tkka-tt-inn tga yat zzɣ tmɣarin akkʷ dar illa waddur ɣ umzruy. Ism-nns ummid iga-t Cleopatra Tis Sat Thea Philopator. Nttat ad igan tanggarut n yigllidn n tdinastiyt nɣ d tawja tagldant n Ifrɛunn Ibṭulimiyn lli d yumẓn tanbbaḍt n Miẓra ḍarat tmttant n Alexander Axatar. Lliɣ tmmut nttat, taɣul Miẓra tga yat tmnaḍt igan taṛumit ddu yism n Aegyptus.
Aɣbalu agjdan n tudrt-nns ikka-d arratn n Plutarch; "tudrt n Antony", illan s mnnawt tsuɣilin. "Antony d Cleopatra", ad tt-igan d yat tatradijt bahra ittyawssann dar William Shakespeare, da ttinin mas tettyura gr yisggʷasn n 1603 d 1607. "Printed" tikklt tamzwarut ɣ 1623. Cleopatra, tga mmu yiẓuran mmrksnin gr wagrikn d yimiṣriyn.
Tudrt n Cleopatra[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Cleopatra, tlul-d ɣ ammas n Tskandariyt, tamaẓunt n Miẓra ɣ akud-ann. Lliɣ tt-inn dars tkka 18 usggʷas, babas lli igan agllid, immut. Taɣul nttat d gʷmas Ptolemy wis kraḍ d mraw, gan inmɣurn n Miẓra. Tkka-tt-inn nttat tga tagllidt, ig gʷmas agllid. Gʷmas ɣ akud-ann ḥra iṭṭaf 10 usggʷas, ay isnamkn mas d nttat ad igan tanbbaḍt n tidt.


text:
Lmɣrib
- Iɣ ur igi wad amgrad lli tsiggilt, kcm s tasna n Mrrakc bac ad tẓrt akkʷ imgradn nna dar illa yism zun d wad !
Lmɣrib (s tutlayt tɛrabt : « المغرب », al-Maɣrib ; s ugmmay n tfinaɣ : « ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ », Lmɣrib) nɣ s yism nns amaddud Tagldit n Lmɣrib (s tɛrabt: « المَمْلَكَةُ المَغْرِبِيَّة », al-Mamlaka al-Maɣribiya ; s ugmmay n tfinaɣ : « ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ », Tagldit n Lmɣrib) tga yat tmazirt, ig yan wawnk agldan, tlla ɣ ugafa utrim n tafriqt, tg yat zɣ tmizar n tmazɣa. Tmaẓunt nns tga tt Rrbaṭ, d tiɣrmt da akkʷ gis imqqurn tga tt Tgmmi Tumlilt.
Timdinin nns imqqurn gan-tnt Fas, Mṛṛakc, Sla, Mknas, Agadir, Asfi, Ṭanja, Tiṭṭawn, Wujda, Lɛyun, Lḥusima, Bni Mllal, Lqnḍrt, Warzazat d Ddaxla. Iḥudda-tt-id zɣ ugafa ill agrakal, zɣ unẓul Muriṭanya, zɣ ugmuḍ tamazirt n Dzayer, zɣ utaram iḥudda-tt-id yill Aṭalanti. Tamazirt ad tɣʷi kra n 710.850 km², d zdɣn gis kra n 36 id myun n middn iɣ nẓra tqdirat n usggʷas n 2019[8]. Iga Lmɣrib agmam ɣ ammas n Iwunak Munnin zɣ usggʷas n 1956, d iga yan zɣ tmizar lli-d iskrn Tamunt n Lmɣrib Mqqurn ɣ usggʷas n 1989[9].
Tṭṭaf tmazirt n Lmɣrib yan wanaw n tnbaḍt igan tgldit tadusturant, agllid nns iga t Muḥammad wis-sḍiṣ, nttan ad ittnbaḍn tamazirt zɣ usggʷas n 1999 lliɣ immut babas Ḥasan Wis Sin. tṭṭaf tmazirt ad ula yan udustur ar sis tswuri zɣ usggʷas n 2011, nttan a f ṣwwṭn tugt n inmuran.
Anssixf nɣ amawas amzwaru lli illan ɣil-ad iga-t Ɛaziz Axnnuc, lli igan anssixf n Ugraw Anamur i Insimann.[10]
Aẓur n yism[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ism n « Lmɣrib » ikka-d taɛṛabt. Anamk nns iga-t ɣilli ɣ ttggz tafukt. Ittyussan daɣ Lmɣrib ɣ dar imaratn iɛrabn s « almaɣrib alaqṣa » (المغرب الأقصى) lli t-igan « Lmeɣrib nna akkʷ yaggugen », s unamk n « adɣar akkʷ yaggugen nna ɣ tteggez tafukt ».
Ism n Amṛṛuk s tmaziɣt « ⴰⵎⵕⵕⵓⴽ » iga asmẓi n yism anṣli Murakuc nɣ Mrrakc, aẓur n ism ad igat « Amur n wakuc », Assinf ad iwintid irwas tutlayin tiṛumiyin, ḍfṛn kullu ismawn lli akkant tmizar yaḍn taɣarast ad. Ar ttinin ifransawiyn « Maroc », isblyuniyn « Marruecos », Ibrtqqizn nɣ d iburtuɣaliyn ar ttinin « Marrocos », Ngalza ar ttinin « Morocco », Ilalmaniyn ar ttinin « Marokko ». Abla iturkiyn lli as ittinin « Fas », d iraniyn lli as ittinin « Murakuc ».
Ism aqbur lli s tettussan tamazirt n Lmɣrib igat « Muriṭanya », tkkatinn tagldit n Muriṭanya tga tagldit nna akk izwarn ɣ Lmɣrib, tsmun Lmɣrib n ɣila d tmazirt n Muriṭanya d imik ɣ Dzayr ( Ẓr Muriṭanya bac ad tssnt uggar ). Tfrn tt-id ismawn yaḍn zun d Mrrakc dar lmurabitin, d Fas.
Amzruy[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Azrmzruy[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Adɣar lli ɣ illa Lmɣrib ɣilad ikka-tt-inn ittuyzdaɣ zɣ uzmz aẓrwan aqbur, ɣ kra n wakud illan gr 190.000 d 90.000 m.ɛ (mnid ad ilul ɛisa). Tlla yat tiɣri tamaynut tzḍar ad tml mas t-inn ikka Lmɣrib ittuyzdaɣ urta akk tarix ad bɛd ma d ufan kra n ixsan n ufgan azayku ma mu ttinin Homosapiens tama n uftas n yill aṭlasi ɣ udrar n Iɣud lliɣ asn skrn taḥalil ufan mas lɛmr nnsn ar itturri s 315.000 q.ɛ, ɣayad ad yujjan ixsan ad ad gin tilli akk iqburn ɣ umaḍal akk[11].
Ɣ uzmz anaẓran (n uẓru) amaynu, uckand iṣyaḍn d imksawn, staqrn ɣ ṣavana n idɣarn nna. Tadlsa nnsn tsfalkay aylliɣ ibda waman ar t ittiliḥ bɛd 500 q.ɛ s ssbab n isnfal n unzwi. Idɣarn lli illan ɣ taman yill n Lmɣrib ɣ umzwaru n uzmz anaẓran amaynu tkka-tt-inn tmunn ddu yat tdlsa n lfxxar d tadlsa n idɣarn n yill agrakal. Tɣuriwin n tarkyulujit mlan masd ttadjin n tfunasin d tkrrazt s sin-itsn kkan-tt-inn ɣ uzmz ann. Ɣ uzmz n iɣir, tadlsa tajirsit tlkm ɣ-akud-ann s ugafa n Lmɣrib.
Azmz aqbur[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tuckit n ifiniqin s iftasn imurwakucin yiwi s tsutin n unbaḍ n imẓẓin g yiẓẓlmḍ n Lmɣrib. Isbbabn ifiniqin iflayn tamnaḍt nɣd tasga n tagut ɣ yill umlil agrakal dat n tasut tiss tamt dat n tlalit n Ɛisa d dffir nns s imikk ṣkan tisgiyin n tisnt g yiftasn d isaffn n Lmɣrib. D gr timntawin mqqurnin izwarn n ifiniqin tlla g Cala, Liksus, d Mugadur.
Tucka-d tɣrma taqṛṭajit dat n tasut tiss smmust dat n tlalit n Ɛisa d tsmuzza n tkiriḍt nns ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n tafṛiqt. Qṛṭaj trna tazdiwin n tsbbabt nns d tqqbilin timaziɣin, d ar asn takka aqqaṛiḍ ku asggʷas afadd ad tḥḍu amyawas nnsn g tsarwa n tngiwin timzwura.
Zzɣ tasut tiss kṛaḍt dat n tlalit n Ɛisa, tkkatt inn Muṛitanya tga tagldit taqqbilit tamaziɣt g ugʷmmaḍ agrakal n Lmɣrib, agllid i kullu iqqbuṛn ittussann mas inbḍ tagldit ad igat Baga, lli ynbḍn ɣ tasut tiss kṛaḍt dat n tlalit n Ɛisa d dffir nns yucka d Bukus amzwaru i ynbḍn gr 100 d 80 dat n tlalit, igldan imaziɣn ur ar yadlli bahra kkṛḍn iftasn, taɣawsa lli yssrxan akccum n iṛumin, ɣ-akud-ann aɣulnt kra n tsgiwin g Muṛiṭanya tga tamsddurruyt taṛumit g 33 dat n tlalit, d taɣul dffir nns kullut g usggʷas n 40 dffir n tlalit lliɣ inɣa umnukad Kaligula agllid Amuri Baṭelimus.
Unuɣ n takuct Diyana g Walili, Ṛuma tkkṛḍ ikaliwn n Muritanya, i yadlli ur bahra ittuswttan, s imsasatn d tmyaqqanin d tqqbilin tiẓuṛanin d g udɣar ad ig azzaɣ asrdasan, d tsiriw tissas nns ɣar f tsgiwin iɣ a yadlli tlummaẓ gis, d iɣ ur a bahra tsɣawsa kigan n isrdasn afadd attn t tḥḍu .
Tamnaḍt ad taɣul tga agzzum ɣ tamnukda n Ṛuma d yaɣul wassaɣ nns igat Muṛitanya Taṭnjit d tga tɣrmt n Ṭanjis nɣ Ṭanja amnru nns. ɣ tizi lliɣ inbḍ amnkad aṛumani Agsṭus, inbbaḍn n Muritanya taṭnjit lli yadlli inbḍn tasgiwin n yiffus n Vulubilis nɣ Walili. Kra n inmzrayn ar ttinin mas tlm tamnukda taṛumanit ar Anfa (Ɣila tga Tigmmi tumlilt s yism).
Ɣ usggʷas n 285 tffuɣ tamnukda taṛumanit ɣ Lmɣrib d uckan-d iwindaln igan tiqqbilin zzɣ tamazirt n ijiṛmanin, d ḍaṛat nnsn Iquṭin d Ibiẓanṭin. Ɣ tizi yad kkantt inn middn g idrarn ur tn isdurri awd yan, is tn yadlli nbḍn inbbaḍn d imɣarn zzɣ gisn. Ackn-d ilmma wid iskarn tiɣri i tamasiḥt s Lmɣrib g tasut tiss snat, d kra n middn izdɣn g iḍuṛan ad d ismgan d kra n imkrazn kcmn s usgd ad amaynu lli tn id ilkmn.
Azmz anammas[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Azzaɣ amuslm n tsga n Lmɣrib amuzzur, issntin ɣ tuẓẓmt n tasut tiss sat n tlalit, d imurs g ussnti n tasut tiss tamt. Azzaɣ ad yiwi d Lislam d tutlayt tasrɣint s Lmɣrib. Dffir nns yiwrri Lmɣrib iga agzzum g uwank amawi g tfṛiqt, d isnbaḍn n ku tasgiwin ar ttustan zzɣ dar asnbaḍ imqquṛn g Lqirawan s tqbilin timaziɣin lli ikcmn lislam,macc awxxa ɣikan ɣaman f uslgn nnsn iqqbuṛn, d fkan argay I wawank amuslm amaynu. Uckan d kra n tqbilin tisrɣinin s Lmɣrib zdɣn gis d skrn tigldanin nnsn, zun d Ṣalḥ Bn Mnṣuṛ lli iṣkan tagldit n Nkkur d ifsr Lislam gr imzdaɣn n tgldit nns, tugtt n tikkal dffir lliɣ ar ttilin kigan n imnɣan.
G 750 tel, tiqqbilin timaziɣin nkrn mgal n tgllit tamawit. Tagrawla tssnta g dar tiqqbilin illan g tagut n Lmɣrib d tfsr dɣya g tmnaḍt kullu. Waxxa tagrawla tdrus d s 742 tel, urta tlkm Lqiṛawan, d ur sul ẓḍaṛn dffir nns isnbaḍn imawin nɣd ignsas nnsn iebbasin ad siwrrin anbaḍ nnsn f tagut n tfṛiqt. Lmɣrib g tizi yad iffuɣ afus n yimawin macc yiwrri ibḍa f kigan n tglda timaziɣin mẓẓinin zun d: Ibuṛɣwaṭin, Sijilmassa, Nkkur, d rnu fllasn Tilmsan, d Tahrt i yllan ɣilad g Dzayr g usggʷas n 789 tel, ittugma wawank aydrisi inbḍn Lmɣrib f g ufus n Idris iwis n Ɛbdllah, i yadlli irwln zzɣ yat tmdayt g usggʷas n 786 tel, d ifta s tɣrmt n Walili d tbrrkt taqqbilt n Uṛaba tamaziɣt, dffir nns issnta inmuzun nns ar kiɣ ilkm awank n Tamsna, Fizaz, d Tlmsan. Ar kiɣ t inɣa Haṛun Ṛṛacid s ustci, ilmma yumẓ iwis Idris wiss sin anbaḍ dffir nns lliɣ dars 12 usggʷas. Afrux ad igad argaz d issmɣur anbaḍ nns ar kiɣ yumẓ Lmɣrib kullut, d iṣka tiɣrmt n Fas.
Lliɣ iḍṛ unbaḍ Aydrisi, d zzɣ usggʷas 1060, ssntan t tidfrin timaziɣin ar ttnbaḍn Lmɣrib, Awank amzwaru gitsn iga t uwank n Imṛabṭn zzɣ tqqbilt n ilmtunn lli iḍfuṛn i tqqbilt imqquṛn n yiẓnagn. Awank n Yimṛabṭn tmurs g ad tsmun tamazirt n Umurnwakuc. Dffir n Yimṛabṭn uckan d kigan n tglda tiyyaḍ zun d Imwwuḥḥidin, Imarinin, Iwṭṭasn, d Isedin yat tḍfuṛ tayyaḍ d kraygat yat ar tskar amnru nns g iɣrman imqqurn g Lmɣrib ɣ akud ann. Tiɣrmin ad ar ttussanent ɣilad s tiɣrmun n tamnukda tamurwakucit. D ḍaṛat n tasut tiss 11 tel, buɣlan t teglda yad d urrint gan t idwasn imqquṛn g tagut n Tafṛiqt s usrag n tmnaḍin mqqurnin lli yadlli nbḍn gis d awr nttu ula Landalus. Lliɣ tḍr Landalus rurn kigan n imuslmn d udayn s Lmɣrib f yimnɣi lli ssnkrn t tgldanin timasiḥin, lli ittusann ɣilad s yimnɣan n usuwrruy.
Azmz amaynu[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
G umzruy amaynu ɣaman Isedin g unbḍ ar usggʷas n 1659. dffir nns tnunnt tdfrt n Iealawin i yadlli inbḍn tagldit n Tfilalt zzɣ 1635. tadfrt ad tules tsmun Lmɣrib g usggʷas n 1666. G usggʷas n 1684 yurrid Mulay Smaeil iwis n Ccrif s Ṭanja zzɣ Ingliz d issnta ar ismun tiɣrmin n Lmɣrib g yan wawank imunn, mqqar ugint kra n teqqbilin addiss munnt, ikkattinn Lmɣrib ad igan awank amzwaru issikzn s tsimant n Mirikan g ussnti n tgrawla tamirikanit g usggʷas n 1787. Ukan kkan tt inn tinawin timirikanin ittkkan illan n Lmɣrib ar fllasn ttakʷayn imritln imaziɣn, dffir nns iɣtes ugllid Muḥmmad wiss kṛaḍ masd ku tinawin timirikanin rad magẓnt zzɣ tukyiwin n imritln g tetgart n tiddukla ittuskrn g usggʷas n 1777. d tatgart ad tga ɣilad zzɣ titgarin tiqqbuṛin itskr Mirikan, d i sul isuln ar ɣass ad.
Zzɣ tazwiri n tasut tiss 18 ibidd Lmɣrib mnid yat tgrawla imqqurn ittuzdan d tgrawla tamgurant tussnta g Uṛupa, d yurm Lmxzn ad iskr kigan n isuɣdn afad ad imun d usrus amaynu I'll an g mnid nns, d gr isuɣdn ad:
- Issnta Lmɣrib ar issifiḍ imuzar xf islulla d ikrḍ fllasn Lmxzn ad sskṛẓn tiḍaf afad ad ur tɣama tikki d temxxart, d tssgdl asnsr n iqqaṛiḍn n tmizar n bṛṛa.
- Iṣka wawank yat tinml tamaynut g Sela afad ad gis ttuɣran timassanin timaynutin n uzmz ann, d ar takka taggazt i yinlmadn, d tṣṣifḍ ismmigln s bṛṛa.
- Zzɣ ismmigln i yeṣṣifḍ uwank, kra n inlmadn skrn asmuttg dar udfrir n Urupa n tagut, d isɣa d ɣ akudan Lmxzn ilafn imaynutn d iṣka yan usakʷn n walaf g tɣrmt n Fas.
Lmxzn d tsrtit[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Lɛṣkṛ[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tadamsa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Azmz iqṛṛbn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tasrtit d tmrsal[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Angraw n tnbaḍt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Adustur d tmrsal[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Acnyal d izli anamur[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tibḍit tamssugurt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tasgiwin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ɣ usggʷas n 2015 ttusnfln tasgiwin n tmazirt aylliɣ skrn gisnt sin d mraw n tsgiwin ad tnt igan :
- 1. Tasga n Ṭanja-Tiṭwan-Lḥusima
- 2. Tasga n Agmuḍ
- 3. Tasga n Fas-Mknas
- 4. Tasga n Rrbaṭ-Sla-Lqnḍrt
- 5. Tasga n Tigmmi Tumlilt-Sṭṭat
- 6. Tasga n Bni Mllal-Xnifra
- 7. Tasga n Mrrakc-Asfi
- 8. Tasga n Dṛɛa-Tafilalt
- 9. Tasga n Sus-Massa
- 10. Tasga n Glmim-Asif Nun
- 11. Tasga n Lɛyun-Tala Tazggaɣt
- 12. Tasga n Ddaxla-Asif n Wurɣ
Timdinin mqqurnin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Llan ɣ tmazirt n Lmɣrib kigan n timdinin d iɣrman zun d ukan akk tmizar n umaḍal. Ilin kra n 70 tmdinin nna ɣ illa uggar n 50 000 umzdaɣ, talli akk gisn imqqurn tga tt tiɣrmt n Tigmmi tumlilt s yan uṭṭun imzdaɣ iqrbn ukan aylkm 4 imlyunen n middn.
Ar aɣ immal uɣawas ad lli illan ddaw as mraw timdinin lli akk imqqurn ɣ tmazirt d mnck n imzdaɣ ad gisnt illant.
Tarakalt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Lmɣrib iga yat tmazirt lli ɣ illa ttanawuɛ bahra imqqurn ɣ ammas n imuɣliyn nns, ar gis nntafa kraygat anaw n ugama, zun d : idrarn, izaɣarn, tanrẓuft ...
Iwala Lmɣrib i tmizar lli iṭṭafn wakal izdin d yill aṭlasi, izf n uftas nns igatt Ixf n Spartil, lli illan ɣ ugafa n tmazirt, ɣ tsga yaḍn n wakal ar nttafa Djabal Ṭariq, ɣ yixf ad nit aɣ itbdu yill agrakal. Ɣ iffus akk d iffus agmuḍan ar nttafa tanrẓuft tamɣrabit. Ɣ tuẓẓumt n tmazirt llan gis idrarn d izaɣarn.
Iṭṭaf Lmɣrib iwtta nns ɣ ugafa d yill agrakal, ɣ iffus Muriṭanya, ɣ ugmuḍ tamazirt n Dzayer, ɣ utaram iḥudda-ttid yill Aṭalanti. Tmazirt ad tumẓ yat tjumma n 710.850 km². Tmaẓunt nns iga-tt Rrbaṭ, d timdinin nns imqqurn gan-tn Fas, Mrrakc, Sla, Mknas, Agadir, Asfi, Ṭanja, Tiṭṭawn, Wujda, Lɛyun, Lḥusima, Bni Mllal, Lqnḍrt, Warzazat d Ddaxla.
Anzwi[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Anzwi n tmazirt n Lmɣrib ur igi yan, kraygat tsga ɣ tmazirt ad dars yan unzwi ur irwasn tasgiwin yaḍnin, ar nttafa anzwi anammasan (amutawaṣṣiṭi) ɣ ugafa n tmazirt, anzwi amuḥiṭi ɣ utaram, d unzwi anrẓufan (aṣḥrawi) ɣ iffus. Idɣarn nna ɣ illa yill gisn yan unzwi iɛdln izuzwan. Azgn n ugafa ar gis zrayn sin wannazn: annaz iɣurn (iqqurn) ar ittack ɣ gr ayyur wis-smmus d wis-tẓa n usggʷas, d wannaz lliɣ ar ittili unẓar ar ittack ɣ gr wayyur wis-mraw d wis-kkuẓ. Amma iffus n tmazirt illa gis yan unzwi igan aṣḥrawi iqqurn iḥman zun d kamit. Ar itettar unzwi n tmazirt s yat tumant tamaḍut tga tt ma mu nttini argigi n ugafa aṭlasi. Tumant ad ar tettḥkkam ɣ unẓar d udfl lli-d ittackan s Lmɣrib zɣ tsga n yill aṭlasi.
Idrarn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Uggar n tulutayn n tmazirt n Lmɣrib gis ɣar idrarn, ar tlkkm tiɣzi n kra n idrarn n tmazirt ad uggar n 4000 m ɣ iggi yill. Adrar n Tubqal ay-gan yixf n idrarn ad d nttan ad akk gisn iɣzzifn, tlkn tiɣzi nns 4167 m. Lmɣrib iga tmazirt waḥdat ɣ tmazɣa aɣ llan salasil n idrarn ikmmln ad t igan idrarn n waṭlas lli nẓḍar ad nbḍu idrarn ad s kraḍ n trabbutin: Aṭlas mẓẓiyn, aṭlas mqqurn d aṭlas anammas. Ad ur nttu ula idrarn n rrif lli llan ɣ ugafa n tmazirt, adrar lli akk gisn iɣzifn igatt adrar n Tidɣin s yat tiɣzi n 2456 m.
Idrarn n waṭlas[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Idrarn n Waṭlas gan yat trabbut imqqurn n idrarn illan ɣ tfriqt n ugafa. Idrarn ad umẓn zɣ iffus utrim n Lmɣrib ar ugafa n Tuns. Gisn ar nttafa udrar n Tubqal lli igan adrar akkʷ iɣzzifn ɣ ammas n tmazɣa s yat tiɣzi ilkmn uggar n 4000m.
Ɣ Lmɣrib, nẓḍar ad nbḍu idrarn ad s kraḍ n trabbutin, ar nttafa :
Aṭlas mẓẓiyn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Idrarn n waṭlas mẓẓiyn ɣʷin yat tjumma imqqurn ɣ wakal n iffus n tmazirt zɣ yill aṭlasi ɣ iffus utaram ar iffus agmuḍan iɣ akk tzrit tasgiwin n Warzazat tlkmt tiɣrmt n Tafilalt (tumẓ ɣin tqriban kra n 500km n uzaru). Ɣ iffus dars iwtta d tnrẓuft (ṣṣḥra). Adrar lli akk illan ɣ ugmuḍ n idrarn ad iga tt adrar n Saɣru, d iṭṭaf iwtta ɣ ugafa d idrarn n waṭlas mqqurn. Afa n idrarn ad iga tt adrar n Sirwa lli yadli igan yan uburkan, tlkm tiɣzi nns 3304 m.
Aṭlas mqqurn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Idrarn n waṭlas mqqurn nɣd Adrar n Drn gan idraren li kullu imqqurn ɣ tmazirt n umrruk. Iga Tubqal ixf n idrarn ad, nttan a-kullu gisn iɣzifen , yili ɣ tiɣzi n 4167 m. Idrarn ad bḍun Amrruk fsnat tsgiwin mqqurnin, yat bahra irɣan tḥbu fllas azazwu d yat ifan udm ns i yill ɣayn af tfulki bahra ɣ uzazwu nns.
Ar ttini kra n middn i idraran ad Adrar n Drn acku nttni ad yakkan tudrt i izaɣarn d igmmaḍn d kullu ikaliwn n tmazirt n umrruk acku nttni ad tkkan waman lli-f tbidd tudert n kraygat targant wala imuidar.
Adrar n Tubqal iga yan udrar illan ɣ ammas n idraren n waṭlas mqquṛn. Nettan ad akkʷ ittawssan nger idraren n lmɣrib acku nttat ad akk gisn iɣzzif, tiɣzi nns tugr 4000m. Adrar n tubqal assaɣ ns aẓuṛan iga tt tugga akal s tmaziɣt iga adrar i kullu yattuyn ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n tafṛiqt d wiss sin ɣ tfṛiqt ffir n udrar n kilimangaru. d illa ɣ tizult n aṭlas amqqran, ɣ tmazirt n umur n wakuc (lmɣrib) yaggug-nn s 63 km f tɣrmt n mrrakc, d ar tlkkm tattuyt ns ar 4167 mitru.
Aṭlas anammas[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Idrarn n rrif[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Izaɣarn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Isaffn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Aftas[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
ibḍa uftas amṛṛukiy f sin, f yill agrakal d ugaraw aṭlantiy.
Taɣarin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Amun[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tutlayin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Zɣ mad ittini udustur lli-d iffuɣ ɣ usggʷas n 2011, ar nttafa mas gant tutlayt taɛrabt d tutlayt tamaziɣt tanawayt tutlayin tunṣibin n tmazirt n Lmɣrib. Tantala nna bahra ittuysawaln dar imɣrabiyn tga-tt darija nɣ ma mu nttini taɛrabt tamɣrabit. Iɣ nucka ad nẓr usiḍn lli ittyuskar s ifassn n tasmirit tamattayt n usɣiws[12] rad naf mas 91.6% n imɣrabiyn ssn i yat zɣ tantliwin n tutlayt taɛrabt (90.8% ssn i darija, 0.8 ssn i lḥssanya) d mas 26% ssn i yat zɣ tutlayin timaziɣin (14,7% ssn i tclḥit, 7,9% ssn i tamaziɣt n waṭlas anammas d 4% ssn i trifit), mac tuggt n middn ckkan f usiḍn ad is nit iṣḥa nɣd iskrkisn ka aynna, d tuggt nnsn nnan mas uṭṭun n willi sawalnin s tmaziɣt idrus bzaf f ɣaylli nit illan ɣ lwaqiɛ d mas uṭṭun n imsawaln n tutlayin timaziɣin izḍar ad akk yugr 50% n imzdaɣ[13][14].
Tuggt n willi sawalnin s tutlayin timaziɣin ar sawaln ula s darija, ɣayad acku ɣ yan uzmz tkka-tt-inn tlfaza d lmidya ar tzzray kullu isuyas nnsn s darija d ur jju d zrin kra s kra n tutlayt tamaziɣt, mayad yujja kigan n middn ad akk ttun tutlayt nnsn tamaziɣt ar sawaln ɣar s darija.
Tkka-tt-inn tmazirt n Lmɣrib ɣ yan uzmz ur bahra yaggugn ddu ufus n Fransa d Ṣbanya, mayad yujja tutlayt tafransist d taṣbnyulit ad kcmn s tmazirt. Tkka-tt-inn tutlayt tafransist ɣ yan uzmz tga tutlayt tunṣibt, mac ɣila mqqar urt sul tgi, ar ka sul aqran imɣrabiyn tutlayt ad ɣ ammas n tinmal., tga ɣila tafransist tutlayt tabrranit tamzwarut ɣ tmazirt d nttat as bahra swurrin imɣrabin ɣ akk igran n tudrt nnsn slawan akk ɣ kullu mad izdin d twuri d tadamsa. Tlla ula tutlayt taṣbnyulit nna s isawal tqriban kra n 2 id mlyun n imɣrabiyn slawan ɣ ugafa n tmazirt. Tili tutlayt tanglizt ula nttat tntacr bahra ɣ isggwasn ad ggranin slawan dar iɛrrimn.
Middn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Uṭṭun n imzdaɣ n tmazirt n Lmɣrib ɣila iga tt 36.5 imlyunen n middn. S yat zyada n 1.26% kraygat usggʷas. Uggar n 100.000 ibrraniyn zdɣn ɣ tmazirt ad, aɣlabya nnsn gan iṣbnyuliyn nɣ ifransawiyn umẓn latrit nnsn nɣ gan zɣ willi txdamn ɣ timssurin tigraɣlatin. Asɣl ad n zyada inaqsd ukan yan imik ɣ isggwasn n gr 1971 d 1982, lliɣ gis tlkm 2.5%.
Ɣ isggwasn ad ggranin ar nttafa ula isuqqiyn llid ikkan iffus n tnrẓuft ɣ akk timdinin mqqurnin n tmazirt.
Ar aɣ mmaln tiɣuriwin timaynutn mas uṭṭun imqqurn n iɛrabn d imaziɣn lli ar ntfrraq gratsn s tutlayt ur tn bahra naḥya ɣ mad izdin d tanfalit tawiratit nnsn. Tiɣuriwin ad mlant aɣ mas tamhlt n usɛrrb lli ijran ɣ ammas n tmazirt txdm mzyan. Ahablugrub-Y iga yan ukrumuzum ar itdda zɣ babas i warraw nns bla ad gis ijru kra n usnfl iɣrfan s iɣrfan. Tiɣuriwin lli ittuyskarnin f imɣrabiyn tmla aɣ mas 81.7% nnsn walan i uhablugrub E (iggut bahra dar imaziɣn)[15] d gisn nit 72.6% walan i uhablugrub E1b1b[16], swa ɣ idɣarn nna ɣ ttuysawal tɛrabt wala ɣilli ɣ ttuysawal tamaziɣt[17][18].
D yan uṭṭun idrusn n middn walan i uhablugrub J (lli bahra iggutn dar imzdaɣ n ugmuḍ anammas).
Isgdan[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Uṭṭun imqqurn n imzdaɣ n tmazirt n Lmɣrib gan imuslmn, d nttan ay-gan asgd n tmazirt, d ula udustur n 2011 innat, d inna ula mas illa uzrf dar kraygat yan ad yamn s kraygat usgd iratt. Ɣ usnmkta n tmazirt ar gis ttinin mas 99% n ugdud iga amuslm, d 1% ann lli iɣaman gis insraniyn d udayn ...
Tiɣuriwin d isiḍnn lli ur gin imaddudn ar ttinin mas gr 85 d 90% zḍarn ad gin mutadayin. Isiḍnn ad ttuyskarn f ifḍan n imɣrabiyn tufa mas gr 3-14% zɣ willi d irarn nnan is ur gin mutadayinin, d 1% nnan akk is gan warasgdiyin (mulḥidin). Asiḍn n usggʷas n 2020 inna mas uṭṭun n warasgdiyin imqqur-d s kraṭ twal d mas aɣlabya nnsn gan iɛrrimn, d mas usɣl nnsn ilkmd 15% n imɣrabiyn.
Tadamsa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tawuri[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tamguri[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tafllaḥt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iqdduḥn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Taẓḍaṛt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tamallayt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tga tamdint tamṛṛukit tamzwarut lli baḥra d ittawin imallayn. ɣ usggas n 2008, Mṛṛakc dar yan uẓdar n ussns (hébergement) igaddan d 44 394 lkatri lgddam n Ugadir Agadir lli ddar illa 28 605 lkatri d Tigmmi tumlilt s 12 762 n lkatri. Ig umṛṛuk ɣaṣṣaḍ wisssin ɣ timizar ntmallayt ɣ ifriqya.
ɣid maymmalan tiskfal n ussns s lkatri n timdayyin n umṛṛuk ɣ usggas n 2008:[19]
- Mrrakc : 44 394 lkatri
- Agadir : 28 605 lkatri
- Tigmmi tumlilt : 12 762 lkatri
- Ṭanja : 7 431 lkatri
- Fas : 7 224 lkatri
- Warzazat : 7 006 lkatri
- Ṛbaṭ : 4 812 lkatri
- Tiṭṭawin : 4 359 lkatri
- Mknas : 3 139 lkatri
- Taṣṣurt : 3 322 lkatri
Tadlsa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tifugliwin tinamurin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ddaw as llan akk tfugliwin tinamurin d tisgdanin n tmazirt n Lmɣrib[20]:
Idɣarn n Yunisku[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Llan ɣ tmazirt n Lmɣrib tẓa idɣarn ikcmn ɣ ammas n tmaddast n Yunisku n aydatn igraɣlann ɣ ussinew adlsan. Walli akk izwarn ikka-tt-inn ɣ usggʷas n 1981, d walli iggran ɣ usggʷas n 2012. Idɣarn ad ɣwid ad tnt igan s trtib n ukccum nnsn[21] :
- Tamdint taqburt n Fas (1981)
- Tamdint taqburt n Mrrakc (1985)
- Iɣrm n Ayt Bn Ḥddu (1987)
- Tamdint taqburt n Mknas (1996)
- Tamdint taqburt n Tiṭṭawn (1997)
- Ansa Arkyuluji n Walili (1997)
- Tamdint taqburt n Taṣṣurt (2001)
- Tamdint tabrṭqizt n Mazagan (2004)
- Tamdint n Rrbaṭ (2012)
Ilin kra n idɣarn yaḍni isrstn Lmɣrib d willi ran gisn ad kcmn ula nttni ɣ ammas n idɣarn ad n Yunisku:
- Mulay Dris Zahrun (1995)
- Tamdint n Taza d Jamɛ Lkbir (1995)
- Timzgida n Tinml (1995)
- Tamdint n Liksus (1995)
- Lkur (1995)
- Tantut n Tafuɣalt (1995)
- Agdal n Ṭlasmṭan (1995)
- Ansa n Ajkal (1998)
- Aglmam n Xnifs (1998)
- Adgal n Ddaxla (1998)
- Amda n Figig (2011)
- Ddarbiḍa (2013)
- Trabbut n imdwn Tiɣmrt (2016)
- Ansa aṣḥrawi n Asif n Nun (2016)
Tiwlafin fulkinin n tmazirt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
-
Adfl ɣ ammas n tiɣrmt n Ifran ɣ idrarn n Waṭlas anammas.
-
-
Amur n Hassan ɣ Rrbat.
-
Bab Bujlud ɣ Fas.
-
Ixban n tiɣrmt n Walili.
-
Taɣart n yill agrakal ɣ Lḥusima.
-
Iɣrm agldan ɣ Tiṭwan.
-
-
Amrdul n Mrzuga.
-
Taftist n Tassurt.
-
-
-
Mnara n Mrrakc.
-
Agdal n Tigmmi Tumlilt.
-
Timzgida n Kutubiya.
-
Adrar n Tubqal.
-
-
Idrarn n Arrif.
-
Yat tsukt ɣ Ccawn.
-
-
-
-
-
lagune n Daxla.
-
Izdayn ittawiyn s mani yaḍn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
https://www.lexilogos.com/maroc_carte.htm
- http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/moroccof.pdf takrḍa n UN ɣ 2005.
Isaɣuln[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- ↑ http://www.rgph2014.hcp.ma/Note-sur-les-premiers-resultats-du-Recensement-General-de-la-Population-et-de-l-Habitat-2014_a369.html
- ↑ http://knoema.com/atlas/Morocco/GDP-PPP-based
- ↑ http://knoema.com/atlas/Morocco/GDP-per-capita-PPP-based
- ↑ http://knoema.com/atlas/Morocco/GDP
- ↑ http://knoema.com/atlas/Morocco/GDP-per-capita
- ↑ http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/
- ↑ http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2016_statistical_annex.pdf
- ↑ Tqdirat n uṭṭun n imzdaɣ n tmazirt n Lmɣrib - Knoema.fr
- ↑ Adustur n 2011 Ar yaqra udustur n 2011 tamunt ad s yism n Tamunt n Lmɣrib Mqqurn
- ↑ Isti bab n waddur mass ɛaziz axnuc ad ig anssixf n tnbaḍt ismglt s tugi n tnbaḍt tamaynut - MAP Amaziɣ
- ↑ Smith TM, Tafforeau P, Reid DJ, etal, Earliest evidence of modern human life history in North African early Homo sapiens, journal of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, volume:104, issue:15, pages:6128–33, date:April 2007, pmid:17372199, pmc:1828706 |doi:10.1073/pnas.0700747104, bibcode:2007PNAS..104.6128S }}
- ↑ Tasmirit tamattayt n usɣiws - rgphentableaux.hcp.ma
- ↑ Aljazera - جدل بالمغرب بشأن عدد الناطقين بالأمازيغية
- ↑ Lakome2.com - جمعيات أمازيغية تطالب بالكشف عن "العدد الحقيقي" للناطقين بالأمازيغية في المغرب
- ↑ http://hpgl.stanford.edu 2012-04-14
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20120414212524/http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2004_v74_p1023-1034.pdf E1b1b gant: M78 d M81
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20120414212524/http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2004_v74_p1023-1034.pdf
- ↑ Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East
- ↑ :: Royaume du Maroc : Administration du Tourisme
- ↑ Emploi.gov.ma/docs/153200652832PM.doc - Tifugliwin n tmazirt
- ↑ Idɣarn n Yunisku - Tamazirt n Lmɣrib
Dzayr • Angola • Benin • Botswana • Burkina Faso • Burundi • Djibuti • Miṣra • Elefanttähtiriddo • Eritrea • Eswatini • Etiopia • Gabun • Gambya • Ɣana • Ɣinya • Ɣinya-Bisaw • Kamirun • Kap Verde • Kenia • Komoreh • Tagduda Tamagdayt n Kungu • Tagduda n Kungu • Koskâ-Afrik täsiväldi • Lesotho • Liberia • Libya • Maadâ-Afrik • Maadâ-Sudan • Madaɣacqar • Malawi • Mali • Lmɣrib • Muritanya • Mauritius • Mosambik • Namibia • Niger • Nigeria • Peeivitäsideijee Guinea • Ruwanda • Sambia • Sinigal • Seychelleh • Sierra Leone • Somalia • Sudan • São Tomé já Príncipe • Tafsirt n Uẓr • Tansania • Tugu • Tcad • Tuns • Uganda • Zimbabwi


text:
Aglay (tusnakt)
Aglay (s Teglizit: Ellipse) d tameknut isebṭen i d-iteggen s uylan-a: tanafa n tiddi n yal agaz deg tmeknut-a ɣef sin n wagazen ibedden s agensu-ines (ttwasemman idiken) ittɣamay ibedd.[1]
idiken d agazen F1 d F2 deg telɣa.
Ihi yezmer ad yili usuneɣ n uglay s weɣris yettusbedden seg ijufaṛ-is deg sin n wagazen F1 d F2, d usuneɣ n uglay fell-asen s yimru seg wagaz X.
Aglay daɣen d yiwet n telmest n ikaswaranen, mi ara ad tettwagzam ukaswar s weswir imalen deg ugellus n ukaswar ad nessuffeɣ aglay.


text:
Aggur:Tadlsa
Amgrad n was :
Agllid n Tagant tga yat tanfust yura t mass Rachid Najib Sifaw s tutlayt tamaziɣt taclḥit.
Tinfusin gant timzray n zikk (s tafransist : contes légendaires) lli mmu talsn midn i tarwas ɣ graygat tasga n tmazirt. Dmin artn ttinin midn i tarwa nns d ar sisnt sgan drrit mẓẓiyn. Yili gisnt mck n tmitar d iwaliwn fulkin.
Mad ttini
Ɣ yat tagant, ɣ llan gigan d imudar, izdeɣ yan illu igan murran iceqqan d yan ugḍiḍ igan igzi icatern. Kraygat yan gisen ar inettel mas d nettan ad igan agellid n tagant. Yan wass inna illu i uwegḍiḍ : " Sewingemɣ ɣ yat tɣarast wanna s tt iskern, nettan ar ad ig agellid... "
Iseqsa t ugḍiḍ :
- Mamenk ad tga tɣarast ann ?
- Wanna iswan kigan d waman nettan ara t ig...
- Mac manza za aman ann ?
Ddun ssentin asnubbec ar ttellin s waman ayelliɣen ufan yan ill..Agḍiḍ nettan issen is ad izzigiz ill d is a itteddu d ar d iffal idɣarn ganin ayyarn. Isawl ugḍiḍ : " smaqqel, llan ɣid kigan d waman, keyyin ar ad izwur a ten tsut acku keyyin ad igan ameqran ! "
Iddem illu tazellumt nes ar issa, agḍiḍ nettan issen ma isker, isekkus ɣ usklu ar d ittini : " Aywak ay illu...ayhayya nnek zdarɣ ad suɣ uggar n ɣancek nna!!! "
Illu ar issa ar daɣ issa, iɣel ukan ar issa. " Mac, yini yas ugḍiḍ,keyyin ur a tessat...Hann aman ar d aqqelayn !!! "
Illu ar ukan sul issa, mac iggummi ma isenfisil acku aman n ill ar d ukan aqqelayn, isakk iremi ur yad izdar i walu...Agḍiḍ ar itteql ayelliɣ senfln waman n ill...Tizi lliɣ a tturrayn ar ffaln idɣaren ganin ayyarn.
Agḍiḍ ar iskar is a issa, ayelliɣ kullu ddan waman, issumten umlal, iddu dar illu inna yas : " Tzerit mad ewiɣ ?! "
S tigzi nnes as iga ugḍiḍ agellid n tagant, agellid nnes n kraygat ass.
Amawal
- Imudar : animals
- Illu : elephant
- Igzi : wise
- Taɣarast : way
- Agellid : king
- Issenti : to begin
- Ill : sea
- Asklu : shadow
Tawlaft n ɣassa
Tanfust tamaḍlant
Vasilisa Tafalkayt (s tarusit: Bacилиca ПpekpacHaя, Vassilissa Prekrasnaïa) tga yat tnfust tarusit ifulkin, tettawssan bahra. Yurat Alexandre Afanassiev ɣ udlis nns Tinfusin timadnaninn tirusiyin, Ddu uṭṭun wis 59. Isuɣlt s tclḥit amara imqqurn Muhemmad Akunad.
Asuɣl n tnflust
Zikk llin bahra yaggugen, as tin ikka idder yan urgaz yegan awessar, nettan d temɣart d illi tsen lli mu ssaɣen Vasilisa tafalkayt.
Tumert d tadawit as ddren ɣ yat tgemmi mêzziyen n ukeccûd lli ttâfen, mac tefta yasen tudert an immimen ass lli d idêr yan wattân yamêz tamɣart lli. Ass lli tssen is rad sul ur tnker ɣ wattân an, tssen is tt tâz tmettant nnes, tɣêrad i illis tefk as yat tlulluct, tini yas: "Hêddu darem ayelli talulluct ad as tt ur tmelt i meqqar ed yan. Akud nna tellit ɣ kra n tassast. Fek as ar ed tecc tsuter tst ad am tawes ar ed gis teffaɣt. han rad am tawes.) Tamêz ilemma tamɣart lli illis tessudem tt, ur tekki amya tmmet.
Yalla uwessar lli f temɣart nnes ayelliɣ fetant ad bukêdent wallen nes. Mac ɣ tigira yiwel yat tmettût yâdnin. Iɣal iglin is rad teg i illis zund innas lli imutten.
Mac uhuy! Ur tegi xettad amer yat tuqjirt d txeccant n temɣarin. Tamettût tiwi d dides snat tferxin lli mu gguten ibejggiten mac nettat gant dars zund allen nnes. ɣ tɣezi n wass ar tent helli thêllil. Mac tzerzâg tudert i Vasilisa tegllint. S krât itsent ar tzzînt Vasilisa. Ar tt kkatent. Ssermintst s twuriwin. Ran tt ad temdu d wad as tejder tafukt d wâdu afulki lli dars illan. ɣ tɣezi n uzal, ur ar tsseflid ɣ tgemmi amer i ɣemkad : « Vasilisa », azzel ad teskert tiremt ! « Vasilisa » azzel sɣus tigemmi ! ddu awid ikeccûden ɣ tagant, zzîg tisitan. Azzel uggar n ɣemkad lli s tazzalt.
Imgrad mqqurnin n Tdlsa
Taggayyin n Tdlsa
Is yadlli tssnt ?
Tiẓiṛt n unguz (s taɛrabt: نظرية المؤامرة, s tafransist: Théorie du complot, s tanglizt: Conspiracy theory) tga yat tguri nna sis tɛnayn d nna immaln yat tɣarast n uswingm dar ufgan ar ittiri ad sis itfssar tɣawsiwin ɣ tudrt nna gisnt itlkam lɛaql tiggura qqnnin, ur a'ittiẓḍir ad asnt yaf kra n tfsir nɣd kra n ufssay, ar ilmma isiggil ɣ-akud-ann s lɛdurat d ttafasir lli ttuham ɣ yixf nns s unguz nɣ lmuamara. Uran tuggt n imaratn d id butawsna d willi siggiln ɣ uswingm n ufgan f tiẓiṛt n unguz, fssrnt mas d tga yat lḥalt ar gis tsyafat nḥ ar tsḥussut masd kullu aylli ittuqɛun d mad ak issutln iga ɣar yan lmuxaṭṭaṭ diḍḍ nnk.
Wid imqqurn
Tiẓiṛin n unguz lli akk imqqurn s umdya aylli ijran ɣ 11 cutanbir 2001 ɣ ammas n tamdint n Nyu Yurk ɣ Mirikan, uggar n 50% n middn ar ttinin mas d Mirikan nit s ugayyu nns ad inbbrn mayan afad ad tuhm umaḍal masd lirhab ar t ithddid ɣ tmazirt nns bac ad taf lḥujja mas a tkccm s Afɣanistan.
Imdyatn ɣ tudrt takuyast
Ad akk ur nftu s mani yaggugn, illa maɣa nzddi lfacal nnɣ tmukrisin nnɣ d unguz nɣd is aɣ ka iskr kra kra, zun d s umdya iɣ a nttini: Ifliyi ṭṭubis, maci nnk ad ur immattin zikk.
Imikk n umzruy
zun d anaw ad ad iswingimn ad isrgn asggwas n 1944 i butawsna Frid Zhayḍr d Maryan Simil lli igan tanlmadt nns aylliɣ skrn yat ttjriba skrn rrusumat ar tnuccugn ɣ yan uvidyu, mln tn i mnnaw middn, tfrjn gisn kraygat yan ɣ middn ann ixlq fllasn kra n lqissa zɣ lxayal nns, mqqar ur ṭṭafn rrusum ann kra n unamk nttni skrn ast s bzziz. Avidyu gis ɣar sin lmutllatat d yat da'ira d lmusṭatil, skrn gisn nttni bnadm skrn as iḍarn d ifassn d waskiwn.
Max darnɣ tggut tiẓiṛt n unguz
Asqsi lli nn idran iga tt max aylliɣ darnɣ bzzaf tɛccic tiẓiṛt n unguz namn sis ɣ umaḍal wis-kraḍ, txuwx ɣ ddmaɣ nnɣ s bla n lqyas.
Awsat g Wikipidya
- Tram ad tdrum? Ɣṛat ilugann d taratin, tḍfṛm aylli illan ɣ tasniwin n Tiwizi. Ur d iqqan uzmmem mac ittuwṣṣa sis
- Awsat ɣ tirra n imgradn n Wikipidya s tutlayt Taclḥit af ad yimɣur uggar.
- Iɣ tsɣawsat s tiwisi ɣ tirra n imnnitn, tẓḍaṛt ad nn taggʷt ɣ Tasna n Tiwisi.


text:
Amsegraw (imsegrawen), rassemblement (fr) - gathering (of people) (en) - reunión, agrupación (es) - تجمع
Addad amaruz: wemsegraw/umsegraw (yemsegrawen/yimsegrawen).
Ẓer daɣ: agaraw, angaraw, agraw, amsengaraw, anagraw, anagrawan, asegraw, asengarwan, assegrew, msegraw, ssegrew, tagriwa, tasengarawt, ttwassegrew, tagrawt.
Tasniremt:
Amsegraw anagdud - rassemblement public - agrupación pública - تجمع عمومي
Amsegraw asertan - rassemblement politique - agrupación política - تجمع سياسي
Aql-iken deg - Vous êtes dans - You are in - Ustedes están en - أنتم في
Asegzawal n Tmaziɣt - Dictionnaire Amazigh - Français - Amazigh - English Dictionary - Diccionario Amazigh - Español - قاموس أمازيغي - عربي
(c) Omar Mouffok - Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen.


text:
sseḥfuVB [sseḥfu]
émousser, user
Flexions sseḥfuyesseḥfuyen tesseḥfu sseḥfunt nesseḥfa yesseḥfun sseḥfuyet isseḥfuy sseḥfu sseḥfuyen yesseḥfu tesseḥfumt isseḥfa sseḥfan isseḥfan tesseḥfuyeḍ tesseḥfuyem sseḥfuɣ isseḥfuyen nesseḥfu sseḥfaɣ tesseḥfam isseḥfun sseḥfuyemt tesseḥfuy sseḥfut sseḥfuyent isseḥfu sseḥfun tesseḥfa sseḥfant sseḥfuy yesseḥfuy tesseḥfuyemt tesseḥfuḍ tesseḥfum yesseḥfa tesseḥfamt yesseḥfan sseḥfuyeɣ nesseḥfuy sseḥfumt
Sources sseḥfu
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982


text:
Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; عبدالمجید تبون; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; عبد المجید تبون; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; AбдeлbMaджид TeббyH; AбдyлMaҷид TeббӯH; 阿卜杜勒马吉德·特本; Abdulmajid Tebbun; Abdelmaĝid Tebbun; Abdal Madžíd Tabbúni; আবদুল মাজেদ তাবুন; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Əbdülməcid Təbbun; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; عبد المجيد تبون; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Abdelhaddjid Tabboune; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Աբդելմաջիդ Թեբուն; 阿卜杜勒-马吉德·塔布纳; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; აბდელმაჯიდ ტებუნი; アブデルマジド・テブン; عبدالمجيد تبون; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; עבד אל-מג'יד תבון; 'Abd al-Maǧīd Tabūn; अब्देलमदजीद तेब्बौने; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; عبد المجيد طبون; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; AбдэлbMaджыд TэбyH; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; 압델마지드 테분; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Abd al-Madżid Tabbun; عبد المجید تبون; Ɛebdelmaǧid Tebbun; Abdülmecid Tebbun; AбдeлbMaджид TeббyH; عبدالمجید تبون; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; Abdelmadjid Tebboune; AuπvteλuatZίvt Teuπoύv; AбдэлbMaджыд TэбyH; político argelino; politikari aljeriarra; políticu arxelín; пpeзидeHT Aлжиpa; Staatspräsident von Algerien; polaiteoir Ailgéarach; 阿爾及利亞政治家; Algeria siyaasa nira ŋun nyɛ doo; politician algerian; アルジェリアの大統領; alžírsky štátnik; פוליטיקאי אלג'יראי; politicus; 8-yM пpeзидeHTи Aлҷaзoиp; Algerian presidentti vuodesta 2019; alĝeria politikisto; alžírský politik; رئيس الجزائر دابا; politico algerino; আলজেরীয় রাজনীতিবিদ; homme d'État algérien, président de la République algérienne depuis 2019; Alžeeria poliitik; político argelino; bolitan Laljeränik; President of Algeria since 2019; politikan algjerian; politiker från Algeriet; Alžirski državnik; Algerian politician; politiciste jazairi; kepala negara Aljazair; algierski polityk, 8. prezydent Algierii (od 2019); Algerian politician; Aselway n Lezzayer; Cezayirli siyasetçi; politicus uit Algerije; polític algerià; aлbжыpcki пaлiTыk; político alxeriano; رئيس الجزائر; AλYepιvός πoλιtιkός; 알제리의 제8대 대통령; Abdelmajid Tebboune; 'Abd al-Maǧīd Tabūn; 'Abd al-Maǧīd Tabūn; Abdelmajid Tebboune; AбдyлMaҷид TeббyH; TeббyH, AбдyлMaҷид; TeббӯH, AбдyлMaҷид; 'Abd al-Maǧīd Tabūn; Abdelmajid Tebboune; تبون; 'Abd al-Maǧīd Tabūn; TeббyH, AбдeлbMaджид
Subcategories
This category has only the following subcategory.


text:
Ḥannibaɛl Berqa
Ḥannibaɛl (s tbunit 𐤇𐤍𐤁𐤏𐤋) yedder gar 247 armi d 183 neɣ 181 ST yellma d ajiniral aqerṭaji yennuɣen mgal tagduda tarumanit deg tallit n yimenɣi abuniqi wis II. D yiwen seg yiɣallen n yiserdasen imeqqranen yesɛan ccan d ameqqran deg umezruy, d mmi-s n twacult n At Berqa.
Baba-s n Ḥannibaɛl, Hamliqar Berqa, yella d iɣil n yiserdasen deg tallit n yimenɣi abuniqi amenzu. Atmaten-is imeẓẓyanen d Azdurbaɛl akked Magun, d aḍewwal n Ḥasdurbaɛl Aḥeqqi, i yellan d aqerru ɣef yisertdasen iqerṭajiyen nniḍen. Yekker-d Ḥannibaɛl deg tallit n karuh tameqqrant deg yilel agrakal, ladɣa imi d Rum i yellan d nettat akk i ygehden dinna mi terbeḥ imenɣi-ines mgal Qerṭaj. Tirrin n ttaṛ d iswi n Ḥannibaɛl deg tudert-is, iban-d wannect-a deg tigallin i yenna i baba-s i belli ur yettili ara d ameddakel n Rum i lebda.
Tamedddurt di nnfaq abuniqi[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg 218 ST, Ḥannibaɛl yuwet Saguntum deg Sbenyul n wass-a, d imeddukal n Rum deg Hisbanya (tamcagzirt tibirit), yeslal-d imenɣi abuniqi wis II. Ḥannibaɛl yekcem ɣer Ṭelyan s ugzam n yidurar n Waleb (Alpes) s usexdem n yilfan n Tefriqt n Ugafa. Deg ussan-is imezzwyura deg Ṭelyan, yerbeḥ aṭas n tneglufin gar-asent tin n Tribya, tanegluft n ugelmim n Transmanya, d tnegluft n Kanay, yuwi-d i yirumaniyen lexṣara d tameqqrant. Tiḥḥerci n Ḥannibaɛl tessaweḍ-it ɣer tifin n wamnda yeǧhed d wanda yeḍɛef ama ɣef yiman-is neɣ yer yiserdasen n uɛdaw-is. Akka yesselḥeq ad yejbed aṭas seg yimedukal n Rum iqdimen yerra-ten-id ɣer tama-s. Ḥannibaɛl yeṭṭef Ṭelyan i 15 n yiseggasen. Irumaniyen i yeṭṭef Fabyus Maksimus yugi ad yennaɣ srid akked Ḥannibaɛl. Lexṣarat i yuɣ deg temcagzirt tibirit ur s-ɛmiden ara akk ad yesɛu amɛiwen ɣef way-a ur yerbiḥa ara nnfaq-is. Rran-as-d yirumaniyen tiyita, llan baɣan ad neqlen amennuɣ s axxam-is netta, ceyyɛen-d iserdasen-nsen ɣer Tefriqt n Ugafa sɣur Skibyu Afrikanus ( neɣ Cibyun n Tefriqt), terra-t tmara ad d-yuɣal ɣer Qerṭaj, yexṣer Hannibaɛl tanegluft n Zama, ifukk ṭṭraḍ s lexṣara n Qerṭaj d rrbeḥ n Rum.
Mi yekfa umennuɣ, yerbeḥ-d Ḥannibaɛl adeg n uxeddim deg Cufiṭ (Shophet) d axeddim di tmura yettmeslayen tutlayin tisimyin tiqdimin id-yemmalen Aneẓẓarfu, yexdemù-d taɣdemt d tsertit tamaynut iowakken ad xellṣen yal adrim i ilaq ad fken i Rum ardekal nnfaq, maca rray-is ur yufi ara imesliyen gar yinembaḍen n Rum, yextar ad yinig ɣer umenfa-ines. Imiren, yedder deg ubraḥ asluqi anda yexdem d amciwer n Anṭuxyus wis III deg umennuɣ-is mgal Rum. Anṭuxyus yexṣer imenɣi-ines deg tnegluft n Maɣnisya yettwabessef iwakken ad yeqbel ayen id-creḍ Rum. Ihi, Ḥannibaɛl yerwel ɣer tgelda n Arminya. Yeggra-d deg-s lḥal deg ubraḥ n tgerlkda n Bitinya. Senzen-t i yirumaniyen, ɣef way-a yegmen ad yemmet, yenɣa iman-is s tissit n ssem.
Timẓi-ines[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ḥannibaɛl d mmi-s n Hamliqar Berqa d yiwet n tmeṭṭut ur nessin ara isem-is, ilul-d deg ugafa n Tunes n wass-a, d yiwet seg waṭas n temnaḍin uɣur kecmen yikenɛaniyen deg yilel agrakal mi ffɣen si tmurt-nsen tanaṣlit Finiqya, id-yezgan tura deg swaḥel n Lubnan d Surya. Yesɛa aṭas n yessetma-s umi ur nessin ara ismawen-nsen, d sin n watmaten Magu d Azdurbaɛl. Irgazen n yessetma-s llan d Hazdurbaɛl Aḥeqqi akked ugellid anumidi Narabas, yella meẓẓi di leɛmer mi zewǧent yessetma-s, irgazen-nsent llan qerben aṭas ɣer baba-s deg umennuɣ-is di tallit n nnfaq n yiceffaren (nnfaq ideg iceffaren i tessexdam Qerṭaj deg yimenɣiwen-is, fɣen-as i ṭṭaɛa-s) daɣen deg unekcum ɣer temcagzirt tibirit (Hisbanya).
Mi yekfa nnfaq abuniqi amenzu, yuɣal-d Hamliqar ɣer tmurt-is i wakken ad iṣeggem idrimen n twacult-is d tmurt-is Qerṭaj, yerra-d Hamliqar allen-is ɣef temcagzirt tibiri, ikeččem-itt s leɛqel s leɛqel, imiren Qerṭaj tella tenḥaf mliḥ, ur tezmir ara ula i uceyyeɛ n teflukin ara yessiwḍen iserdasen-is ɣer swaḥel n Sbenyul n wass-a, ihi Hamliqar yuwet-itt d tilḥin akenni netta d yiserdasen-is. Yegzem-d Numidya ɣef ḍar seg utaram armi d amalu, armi yuweḍ ɣer Yisulas n Hirgliz (d isem aqbur n Udrar n Ṭareq "Gibraltar"), syin yegzem ddiq-nni n waman yellan gar Tefriqt d Turuft akken ad yaweḍ s anda yebɣa.
Bulibyus, yenna-d belli mi yeffeɣ Hamliqar, yessuter-as-d mmi-s Ḥannibaɛl ad yeddu yid-s, yeqbel Hamliqar s ccerṭ ad as d-iggal belli ur yettili ara i lebda d ameddakel n Ṛum, yella daɣen wanda id-qqaren belli asmi yesɛa 09 n yiseggasen deg yila-s yessuter-as-d i baba-s ad yessufeɣ imenɣi ɣer tmura n deffir yilel. Di teqsiṭ yettwasnen, Hamliqar yuwi mmi-s ɣer ukafan sdat n tmes iqeddsen i wakken ad iggal belli ur yettili ara akk d ameddakel n Rum. Kra n yiɣbaluyen qqren-dbelli Ḥannibaɛl yeggul-d belli mi ara yimɣur kan ad yessexdem times-agi dɣa akken ad yessenger-yis Rum, amur ameqqran n yimussnawen n umezruy qqaren-d belli tigallin-agi tella-d di temdint n Benickula (Peñíscola, qqren-as daɣen ladɣa di tmura n waɛraben Qasṭaluna) deg temnaḍt tafalunsit di Sbenyul n wass-a.
Hamliqar yegmen ad yesseɣḍel Hisbanya s lekmal-is akk s ddaw n leɛnaya taqerṭajit maca yemmut s uɣraq deg wasif mi yettnaɣ di yiwet n tnegluft, ardekal lmut-is, argaz n yell-is : Hazdurbaɛl Aḥeqqi d Ḥannibaɛl (bu 18 n yiseggasen imiren) ṭṭfen axeddim deg temcagzirt tibirit , Hazdurbaɛl yuwi-d abrid n useḥbiber d useǧhed n wayen yellan gar yifassen n yiqerṭajiyen i wakken ur t-xettṛen ara, yemsefham ula d Rum belli tilisa n tmurt-is ad tili seg temdint n Ebru d akessar, yernu ur sewsaɛen ara ɣer ugafa-ines ma yella ula d irumaniyen ur sewsaɛen ara ula d nutni s anẓul, yeɛreḍ Hazdurbaɛl daɣen ad yessiǧhed assaɣen-is akked yiderman iɣelnawen ibiriyen d yimaziɣen yettidiren deg swaḥel n Sbenyul d Tefriqt n Ugafa.
Mi yettwanɣa Hazdurbaɛl deg useggas n 221 St, yella Ḥannibaɛl d bu 26 n yiseggasen deg yila-s, yuɣal d netta i d aqezrru ɣef yiserdasen. Anelmad arumani Lifi (Levy) yemmeslay*-d ula d netta ɣef wannect-a
Ḥannibaɛl yezweǧ daɣen d yiwet n tmeṭṭut seg Kastulu (Castulo) d tamdint di Sbenyul i yella teǧhed yernu teddukel d Qerṭaj, amedyz arumani Silyus Italikusisemma-as Imils. Silyus yeqqar-d belli Imils laṣel-is n Legrig imi isem-is yettban-d d agrigi maca Ɣilbert Carl Bikar (Gilbert-Charles Picard) yefka-d ifukal ɣef turda belli llan yiẓuran ifniqen, imi yella uẓar m-l-k (anembaḍ, neɣ agellid) ihi isem-is anaṣli d Imilik [MLK], asekkil "S" d tisin id-yusa deg umkan n "K" (md : Kirta-Sirta/ Kirya-Sirya atg...). Kra daɣen (Gar-asen, Silyus d Abyan) qqaren-d belli turew-d agrud isem-is Hasbar neɣ Asbar maca mačči dayen ibanen ma d tidet neɣ ala.
Ḥannibaɛl yuwet sin n yiseggasen yettke'mmil deg-sen anekcum-is ɣer Hisbanya, di tmura akk id-yezgran s ddaw n Ebru. Di tuffɣa-s tamezzwaruyt yuwet tamdint n Ulkades deg wammas-is Alithia, d ayen id-yuwin amḍiq i yibuniqen ɣer tama n wasif n Tagus (Taǧa di tmura tiɛrabin). Syin di 200 ST yuwet tamdint n Bakay (Vaccaei).
Ḥannibaɛl di yal yiwet seg tuffɣiwin-is yella yettceyyiɛ-*d ssɛayat d warazen ɣer wamas n unbaḍ di Qerṭajn i unembaḍ-nsen Ḥennun wis II ameqqran (neɣ Hannu/Ḥennu II).
Irumaniyinen d useqqamu-nsen rran-d ɣef tuffɣiwin n Ḥannibaɛl iɛeddan tilisa-nsen, s usesten i tmurt n Qerṭaj ma yella Ḥannibaɛl yeẓdem ɣer temdint n Saguntum (umi syinna id-kkan akk warazen-nni) s lamer n yinembaḍen iqerṭajiyen s timmad-n,sen neɣ sɣur-s kan, aseqqamu aqerṭaji yerra-d s yifukal id-yemmalen belli Rum ulac d acu i as-xedmen yernbu ur ffiɣen ara i lɛahed nni i yella gar-asen, tuɣal ihi Rum textar nnfaq wala lehna lukud yiqerṭajiyen.


text:
Ḥasan Wis Sin
Ḥasan wis sin (s Tɛṛabt: الحسن الثاني, s Tfṛansist: Hassan II; ilul ɣ Ṛṛbaḍ ɣ 9 Yulyu 1923 – 23 Yulyu 1999) ikka tt inn iga agllid n Lmɣrib zɣ 1961 aylliɣ immut ɣ 1999.
Iga arraw amnzu n Muḥmmad Wis Smmus (1909-1961) lli yad lli igan agllid n Lmɣrib d tmɣart nns tis snat Lalla Ɛbla Bnt Ṭṭahr (1909-1992). Ittyussan Ḥasan is iga yan zɣ inbbaḍn imttaɣaln akkʷ n Lmɣrib.
Immut Ḥasan s tmntal tigamanin ɣ Rrbaḍ ɣ 23 Yulyu 1999, tlla dars ɣ akud ann 70 n usggʷas.
Tawja[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Muḥmmad VI (iwis)
- Muḥmmad Wis Smmus (babas)


text:
At Buɣerdan (Tamurt) – Iḍelli deg iḍ, ɣef lewhi n 20h, yiwet n terbaɛt n irebraben kecmen ɣer taddart, bedden ɣef tebburt n yiwen umezdaɣ sutren deg-s učči. Imezdaɣ n taddart bedden-d ɣer yidis n bab n wexxam am yiwen wemdan; akken kan i d-slan i traɣma n tullas. Irebraben ṭṭfen tarewla.
Syin imezdaɣ ɛewlen ad gen yiwen unejmuɛ di tlemmast n At Buɣerḍan, i wakken a d-inin ala i lbaṭel aberkan. Imi imezdaɣ ur fhimen acemma deg ayen iḍerrun. Tamurt n iqbayliyen teččur d iserdasen, irebraben ad tt-beddaden ɣef yexxamen.
Crif Wanuɣi


text:
- Cet évènement est passé
Anniversaire
24 mai 2019 @ 8 h 00 min - 17 h 00 min
Event Navigation
qsdjklfh qg qmioq r mqermtqer iotqier d fqldrhg lqhgrl q Serge.
qerkluqht qertmq tqet mqe qertqert tqmeroit qertqre ttmqeroyt qretomqieryt qterqmzotiythrnqdkjqivmovhdwfnqnjvhsd mfre. zemof iyqezrfmoi rhmroq. erho iuqom qhrqhom
qsdjklfh qg qmioq r mqermtqer iotqier d fqldrhg lqhgrl q Serge. qerkluqht qertmq tqet mqe qertqert tqmeroit qertqre ttmqeroyt qretomqieryt qterqmzotiythrnqdkjqivmovhdwfnqnjvhsd mfre. zemof iyqezrfmoi rhmroq. erho iuqom qhrqhom


text: En installant dictionnaire euro-japon sur votre appareil mobile tel que Apple iPhone Apple iPad ou Google Android vous pouvez continuer à utiliser notre dectionnaire en dehors de votre maison ou bureau, même sans internet.Caractère initial: A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D E E E E E E E E E E E G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O P R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T U U U U U U U U W W W W W W Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z


text:
Yugi
Yugi Fushigi Yugi Yami Yugi Card Oh Yugi Fushigi Genbu Kaiden Yugi Yo Yugi Moto Yugi Card Yugi Fuck Tea Yugi
Fushigi Yugi
Fushigi Genbu Kaiden Yugi Image Yami Yugi Fushigi Mysterious Play Yugi Yami Yugi Deck Structure Yugi Anime Fushigi Yugi Game Yugi Fushigi Yugi Yo Yugi Doujinshi X Yami Yugi Porn Yugi Gx.com Oh Yugi Moto Yugi Image Yami Yugi Card Oh Yugi Sex Yugi Oh.com Yugi Yami Yugi Moto Yugi Image Yami Yugi Yami Yaoi Yugi Yami Yugi Yami Yugi Oh Online Yugi Yaoi Yugi Fushigi Ova Yugi Card Yugi Yami Yugi
Yami Yugi
Card Oh Yugi Moto Yugi Yami Yugi Oh.com Yugi Sex Yugi X Yami Yugi Fushigi Yugi Fushigi Yugi Yo Yugi Moto Yugi Mutou Yugi Picture X Yami Yugi Yami Yugi Sex Yugi Fuck Tea Yugi Fushigi Yugi Yami Yugi Oh Online Yugi Moto Yugi Fushigi Genbu Kaiden Yugi Card O Yugi O Yugi Yami Yugi Card Oh Yugi Card Yugi Fushigi Genbu Kaiden Yugi
Card Oh Yugi
Fushigi Genbu Kaiden Yugi Moto Yugi Tea Yugi Yami Yugi Yami Yugi Love X Yami Yugi Pic Yami Yugi Yugi Doujinshi X Yami Yugi Card Oh Yugi Yami Yugi Destiny Yugi Oh Xxx Yugi Cosplay Fushigi Yugi Cosplay Fushigi Yugi Pic Yami Yugi Yugi Image Yami Yugi Fushigi Genbu Kaiden Yugi Gx.com Oh Yugi Oh Online Yugi Fushigi Genbu Kaiden Yugi Moto Yugi Fushi Yugi Yami Yugi Yami Yugi Hatenko Yugi Fushigi Genbu Kaiden Yugi Card Yugi Card Yugi Card Oh Yugi
Fushigi Genbu Kaiden Yugi
Card Yugi Moto Yugi Cosplay Fushigi Yugi Fuck Tea Yugi Oh Online Yugi Hatenko Yugi Love X Yami Yugi Hentai Yugi Dubbed Episode Gx Oh Yugi Ho Yugi Rpg Yugi Hentai Yugi Oh Xxx Yugi Oh.com Yugi Fuck Tea Yugi Moto Yugi Hatenko Yugi Gi Oh Yu Yugi Evolution Yugi Yo Yugi Yami Yugi Deck Starter Yugi Hentai Oh Yugi Moto Yugi Fuck Tea Yugi Deck Starter Yugi Doujinshi X Yami Yugi Sex Yugi Card Oh Yugi Have Sex Tea Yugi Fushigi Yugi
Yo Yugi
Yami Yugi Fanart Yami Yugi Fushigi Genbu Yugi Fushigi Genbu Yugi Moto Yugi Moto Yugi Lots Oh Yugi Moto Yugi Fushigi Yugi X Yami Yugi Rpg Yugi X Yami Yugi X Yami Yugi Game Yugi Search Yami Yugi Game Yugi Moto Yugi Fushigi Genbu Yugi Tea Yugi Picture Yami Yugi Yugi Fushigi Genbu Kaiden Yugi Lots Oh Yugi Fuck Tea Yugi Moto Yugi X Yami Yugi Yami Yugi Game Oh Yugi Fushigi Genbu Kaiden Yugi Lots Oh Yugi
Moto Yugi
Yo Yugi Yami Yugi Pic Yami Yugi Yugi Picture Yami Yugi Dubbed Episode Gx Oh Yugi Search Yami Yugi Yami Yugi Fushigi Yugi Hentai Yugi Moto Yugi Picture Yami Yugi Fushugi Yugi Moto Yugi Yami Yugi Fushigi Ova Yugi Moto Yugi Game Yugi Fushigi Manga Yugi Yami Yugi O Yugi X Yami Yugi X Yami Yugi Yami Yugi Game Oh Yugi Doujinshi X Yami Yugi Have Sex Tea Yugi Fushigi Picture Yugi Yami Yugi Pharaoh Yami Yugi Picture Yami Yugi Yugi Yami Yaoi Yugi
Card Yugi
Oh.com Yugi Fushigi Genbu Kaiden Yugi X Yami Yugi Game Oh Yugi Pic Yami Yugi Yugi Oh Online Yugi Game Oh Yugi Hatenko Yugi Evolution Yugi Oh Xxx Yugi Card Oh Yugi Yami Yugi Yami Yugi Yami Yugi Cheat Destiny Yugi Moto Yugi Fushigi Yugi Oh Online Yugi Fushigi Genbu Kaiden Yugi Fuck Tea Yugi Yo Yugi Eikoden Fushigi Yugi
Fuck Tea Yugi
Fushugi Yugi Yami Yugi Yo Yugi Pharaoh Yami Yugi Picture Yami Yugi Yugi Ho Yugi Yami Yugi Moto Yugi Card Yugi X Yami Yugi Yami Yugi Fushigi Yugi Fushigi Wallpaper Yugi Yo Yugi Picture Yami Yugi Yugi Game Oh Yugi Card Oh Yugi Yami Yugi Yo Yugi Moto Yugi Fushigi Mysterious Play Yugi Yami Yugi Destiny Yugi Yami Yugi X Yami Yugi Yami Yugi Card Oh Yugi
Oh.com Yugi
O Yugi Ho Yugi Fuck Tea Yugi Moto Yugi Moto Yugi Fushigi Yugi Card Oh Yugi Fanart Yami Yugi X Yami Yugi Doujinshi Yami Yugi Fushigi Yugi Yami Yaoi Yugi Yo Yugi Moto Yugi Fushigi Yugi Rpg Yugi Card Yugi Doujinshi X Yami Yugi Eikoden Fushigi Yugi Fushigi Genbu Kaiden Yugi Moto Yugi Deck Starter Yugi Cards.com Oh Yugi Fushigi Yugi
X Yami Yugi
Anzu Yugi Moto Yugi Love X Yami Yugi Destiny Yugi Yami Yugi Image Yami Yugi Pic Yami Yugi Yugi Cosplay Fushigi Yugi Fushigi Yugi Card O Yugi Oh Xxx Yugi Card Oh Yugi Moto Yugi Card Yugi Moto Yugi Yami Yugi Yami Yugi Fushigi Yugi Card O Yugi Cosplay Fushigi Yugi Yami Yaoi Yugi Moto Yugi Moto Yugi Yami Yugi Love X Yami Yugi


text:
Atg
Atg Atg Javelin Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Atg Gun 700 Atg Scotch Atg Dell.com Sbc Art.com Atg Atg Dell.com Utc Atg Dynamo
Atg Javelin
700 Atg Scotch Atg Dell.com Utc Atg Scotch Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Atg Javelin Atg Javelin Art.com Atg Atg Scotch Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Art.com Atg Atg Avonrepresentatives Dell.com Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Atg Dell.com Utc Atg Dell.com Utc Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard
Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard
Atg Gun Art.com Atg Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Atg Avonrepresentatives Dell.com Atg Javelin Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Atg Javelin Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Atg Javelin Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard 700 Atg Scotch 700 Atg Atg Home Member Page Atg Dell.com Utc 700 Atg Scotch
Atg Gun
700 Atg Scotch Art.com Atg Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Atg Gun Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Atg Dell.com Sbc 700 Atg Scotch 700 Atg Scotch Art.com Atg Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard 700 Atg Scotch Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Atg Dell.com Utc Atg Gun
700 Atg Scotch
Art.com Atg Art.com Atg Atg Dell.com Atg Gun Tape Atg Gun Tape Atg Gun Tape 700 Atg Atg Internet Atg Scotch Atg Avonrepresentatives Dell.com Atg Dynamo Art.com Atg Atg Dell.com Sbc Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Art.com Atg Atg Home Member Page Atg Gun Atg Javelin
Atg Dell.com Sbc
Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Art.com Atg Atg Javelin Atg Avonrepresentatives Dell.com Atg Avonrepresentatives Dell.com Atg Avonrepresentatives Dell.com Atg Tape Art.com Atg Atg Card Dell.com Gift 700 Atg Scotch Atg Avonrepresentatives Dell.com Art.com Atg Atg Internet Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard 700 Atg Scotch
Art.com Atg
Atg Dell.com Sbc Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Atg Dell.com Target Atg Internet Atg Dell.com Sbc Atg Javelin Art.com Atg Art.com Atg Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Art.com Atg Art.com Atg 714 Atg Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Atg Dell.com Target Atg Avon Dell.com Representative Atg Avonrepresentatives Dell.com Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Atg Tape Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Atg Oxford Atg Dell.com Fordemployees
Atg Dell.com Utc
700 Atg Scotch Atg Avonrepresentatives Dell.com Atg Avon Dell.com Representative Atg Dynamo Atg Gun Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Art.com Atg Atg Javelin Atg Dell.com Hpgepp Atg Scotch Atg Dell.com Sbc
Atg Dynamo
Atg Home Member Page Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Art.com Atg Atg Dell.com Sbc 700 Atg Scotch Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Art.com Atg Atg Gun Tape Atg Avonrepresentatives Dell.com Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Atg Javelin Atg Avonrepresentatives Dell.com Atg Dell.com Sbc Atg Gun Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Atg Dell.com Sbc Art.com Atg 714 Atg Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Atg Avonrepresentatives Dell.com Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Atg Gun
Atg Dell.com Hpgepp
Art.com Atg Atg Dell.com Sbc Atg Javelin Atg Gun Atg Javelin Atg Javelin 700 Atg Atg Dell.com Sbc Art.com Atg Atg Javelin Atg Avonrepresentatives Dell.com 700 Atg Scotch Art.com Atg Atg Javelin
Atg Avonrepresentatives Dell.com
Atg Gun Art.com Atg Atg Dell.com Utc Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Atg Gun Atg Dell.com Utc Art.com Atg Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Atg Gun Art.com Atg Atg Dell.com Membergiftcard Atg Tape Atg Scotch