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Takurdit
Takurdit d isem ay ssexdamen i snat n tutlayin yettemcabin mliḥ, ttmeslayen-tent wazal n 13 n yimelyunen n yemdanen di tama-nni n Asya umi qqaren Kurdistan. Tamenzut d tutlayt takurmanjit (neɣ takurdit n ugafa), ma d tis snat d tutlayt tasuranit (neɣ takurdit n wenẓul), ay ttmeslayen wazal n 2.800.000 n yemdaben du Lɛiraq akk d 3.000.000 n yemdanen di Iran.
Takurmanjit, tin ay ttmeslayen waṭas n medden, ad tt-naf dɣa s waṭas di ¨Tturk, anda ay llan 4 n yimelyunen n medden ay tt-yettmeslayen, deg ugafa n Lɛiraq, di Surya tt-ttmeslayen 500.000 n medden, di Arminya (100.000 n yemsiwlen) akk d di Iran (100.000). Llan diɣ wid yettmeslayen takurdit takurmanjit di Jurjya akk d Azerbijan, maca ur neẓri ara acḥal, am wakken ay llant diɣ trebbaɛ timecṭaḥ n Yikurdiyen ay izedɣen di tmura tiberr'aniyen (azal n 70.000 s ujemmal), ladɣa di Lubnan akk d Turuft, deg Yiwunak Yedduklen (USA) akk d Kanada.
Wid yettmeslayen takurdit tasuranit wwḍen ɣer 6 n yimelyunen s ujemmal, ma d wid yettmeslayen takurdit takurmanjit wwḍen ɣer wazal n 7 n yimelyunen, xas ma yella llan kra ay d-yeqqaren d akken wwḍen alammi d 20 n yimelyunen. Yuɣ lḥal, maci merr'a Ikurdiyen yellan ass-a d wid ay yessnen ad mmeslayen tutlayt-nsen imi tamsertit (assimilation) tessaweḍ aṭas seg-sen ad ǧǧen takurdit, yernu llan ula d imdanen yettmeslayen tutlayin nniḍen, am tguranit neɣ tadimlit (d tutlayin tihendurufiyin ay yettemcabin wagar-asent, maca mgerradent ɣef tkurdit), yernu ḥesben iman-nsen d Ikurdiyen, d aya ay yettaran tikwal leḥsabat weɛren.
Agbur
Tawacult-is[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Takurdit d tutlayt tahendurufit,tettekka deg ufurk n tutlayin tiraniyin , yernu yiwet si ger n tutlayin ay tt-icuban s waṭas d tafarsit ay yellan d tutlayt taɣelnawt n Iran, akk d tabalucit, tutlayt n Balucistan.
Tantalyin-is[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tutlayt takurdit tettemxallaf ɣef leḥsab n tmiwa i deg tt-ttmeslayen. Imesnilsiyen (linguistes) ttwalin, s umata, d akken tasuranit akk d takurmanjit d tutlayin, yal yiwet i yiman-is, dɣa di lweqt i deg ttemcabint mliḥ deg umawal, sɛnt aṭas n wemgerrad (lxilaf) di tajerrumt-nsent, yernu tikwal, yewɛer' ɣef wid ay tent-yettmeslayen ad msefhamen wagar-asen. Ma d wiyaḍ, ttwalin-tent d snat kan n tantalyin n yiwet n tutlayt. Am tsuranit, am tkurmanjit, di snat yid-sent sɛant tiduntalyin (sous-dialectes) ay ttmeslayen di tmiwa-nsent. Tantala n temdint n Sulaimaniya, di Lɛiraq tuɣal d tutlayt tizeɣt (standard) n tsekla n Yikurdiyen n tmurt-a, di lweqt i deg di Iran, d tantala takurdit n Mukri (d yiwet si tentalyin n tsuranit) ay yuɣalen d tutlayt n tsekla, yernu maci aṭas ay temxallaf ɣef tin n Sulaimaniya. Si tama nniḍen, ula di lɣerba atni Yikurdiyen a d-sbeddayen tutlayt tizeɣt tamaynut, ladɣa s leqdic-nsen di rradyu.
Tira-s[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Di lweqt i deg Ikurdiyen n Lɛiraq, Iran akk d Surya sseqdacen agemmay aɛrab ay yettubeddlen akken ad arun tutlayt-nsen, Ikurdiyen n Tturk d agemmay alatini ay sseqdacen. Di Arminya akk d tegdudyin yellan zik s ddaw n udabu asuvyati, d agemmay asirili (arusi) ay sseqdacen Yikurdiyen, ma yella zik-nni, uqbel n 1946, Ikurdiyen n tmiwa-ya llan sseqdacen agemmay alatini, ay d-mazal ar ass-a sseqdacen-t kra.
Amkan n tkurdit di tmetti[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Di Iran[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
90% seg Yikurdiyen ttidiren di tudrin, ma d wiyaḍ d imeksawen iteddun seg wemkan ɣer wayeḍ. Mbeɛd ma sɛeddan acḥal n yiseggasen s ddaw n lbaṭel n udabu irani, ssawḍen Yikurdiyen ad d-sbedden tasekla yuran s tutlayt-nsen di tmurt-a, yernu si 1984, tenqes mliḥ ccedda ɣef tkurdit di Iran imi ay izemren Yikurdiyen ad ɣren tutlayt-nsen di tmiwa-nsen, di tmurt-a. Aṭas n tsufaɣ (publications) ay d-yeffɣen seg yimir-n, yernu Ikurdiyen n Iran sɛan ula d tisgilin n rradyu yettmeslayen s tutlayt-nsen di tmurt-a.
Di Lɛiraq[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
seg useggas n 1919 ay tesɛa tutlayt takurdit aẓayer amens'ab (statut officiel) n tutlayt taẓiyant (langue régionale), yernu d nettat ay d tutlayt n usselmed deg yiɣerbazen n udabu di Kurdistan aɛiraqi. Ihi Lɛiraq ad tili tesɛa lxers'um yiwen n weɣmis s tutlayt takurdit akk d yiwen n wexxam n teẓrigin (éditions) ay d-yessuffuɣen idlisen s tutlayt-a. D tantala takurdit n Sulaimaniya ay rran Yikurdiyen n Lɛiraq d tutlayt-nsen n tsekla, yernu ɛerḍen ad tezzizedgen seg wawalen-nni n taɛrabt ay yeṭṭuqqten deg-s.
Di Tturk[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
di 1938 ay tettwagdel tkurdit yernu s kra n win ara tt-yemmeslayen di berr'a yezmer ad ixelles' tafgurt (amende). Di tallit-a taberkant ay sɛeddan Yikurdiyen, tutlayt-nsen tesr'uḥ aṭas seg wennar-is, aṭas n Yikurdiyen ay yuɣalen d isnutlayen (bilingues), yernu ciṭṭaḥ kan maḍi seg-sen ay ilemden ad ɣren u ad arun tutlayt-nsen. Di 1961, asmi ay d-tesbedd Tturk tamenḍawt (constitution) tamaynut, bdant a d-teffɣent tsufaɣ (publications) tikurdiyin, tikwal s snat n tutlayin, maca aṭas deg-sent ay yettwagedlen akken kan d-ffɣent. Yernu si 1967 alammi d taggara n yiseggasen n 1980, adabu aturki ikemmel kan yettzeggid di ccedda ɣef tkurdit yernu yesbedd-d aṭas n yisuḍaf (leqwanin) i yes ara sen-yerr takmamt i Yikurdiyen, ur ttmeslayen, ur ttarun tutlayt-nsen. D acu kan, di 1991, yekkes unabaḍ aturki agdal-nni-yines ɣef tkurdit, yernu xas ur d-qqimen ara aṭas n Yikurdiyen ay yettmeslayen takurdit di Tturk , maca ttwalin d akken tutlayt-nsen d aḥric yesɛan azal meqqren di tnettit-nsen.
Ma Ikurdiyen n Arminya, aṭas n leqdicat ay d-uran s tkurdit takurmanjit di tallit tasuvyatit.
Agdud-is[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Llan deg wemḍal wazal n 25 n yimelyunen n Yikurdiyen. Ger n 40 akk d 50% seg-sen ttidiren di Tturk, 25% seg-sen ttidiren di Iran, 20 % di Lɛiraq, llan diɣ di Surya, di tmura n wenẓul n Quqaz akk d Lubnan. Tuget tameqqrant deg Yikurdiyen d inselmen isunniyen, d acu kan, llan gar-asen diɣ kra n yiciɛiyen, n yiyazidiyen akk d yimasiḥiyen. Si lqern wis 10 d asawen, bdan Yikurdiyen a d-sbeddayan tigeldiyin (royaumes) tinselmin tisunniyin, gar-asent tageldit tayyubit (ayyubides) ay d-yesbedd Salaḥ Ddin (Saladin), d tin yennuɣen mgal n Yenmudag (Croisés) ger n tgara n lqern wis 12 d lqern wis 13. Di 1920, weɛdent tmura tutrimin (tiɣerbiyin) Ikurdiyen, s wemtawa (traité) n Sèvres d akken ad ten-ɛiwnent akken ad d-sbedden tamurt timziregt (indépendante) i1 yiman-nsen, d acu kan, di 1923, ttwaxedɛen Yikurdiyen deg wemtawa n Lausanne, yernu ur ten-id-is'ag' wacemma si tmurt-nsen. D aya ay ten-yeǧǧan ad bdun imenɣi mgal n ddewla ! n Mustafa Kamel Ataturk, di lweqt i deg Tturk tefka-yasen tiyitiwin iǧehden, yernu tenfa aṭas seg-sen seg wakal-nsen. Di 1945-1946, sbedden-d Yikurdiyen n Lɛiraq akk d Iran di Mahabad Tigduda tamagdayt takurdit ay yellan s ddaw n leɛnaya tasuvyatit, d acu kan, dindin kan sseɣlin-tt Yiɛiraqiyen akk d Yir'aniyen s lemɛawna n Briṭanya Tameqqrant. Imenɣi i lmend b uzarug ikemmel ladɣa di Lɛiraq, anda ay d-yessker Barazani imenɣi mgal n udabu alemmas ger n 1961 d 1970. Di 1974, tettunefk-as tfulmant (autonomie) i tama n Kurdistan aɛiraqi, yernu tuɣal Sulaimaniya d tamaneɣt-is. Deg wemgaru n Ir'an akk d Lɛiraq (1980-1988), yal yiwet si tmura-ya teɛreḍ ad tesseqdec Ikurdiyen n tmurt-nni nniḍen di les'laḥ-is. Di 1988, tanekra n Yikurdiyen di Lɛiraq tessaweḍ adabu aɛiraqi ad asen-yefk tiyita ur nesɛi tamtilt, imi ay yesseqdec imrigen ikruranen (chimiques) mgal-nsen. Ma di 1991, akken kan iɛedda wemgaru n Wekriẓ (guerre du Golfe), yewwet diɣ udabu aɛiraqi Ikurdiyen n tmurt-is, dɣa tger! - d iman-is tmetti tagraɣlant (communauté internationale) akken ad tḥudd fell-asen. Ikurdiyen n Lɛiraq assawḍen ad ṭṭfen aḥric meqqren seg tmiwa-nsen yernu sbedden-d di tmurt-nsen, di 1992, yiwet n "ddewla takurdit". Ma di Tturk, yettak udabu tiytiwin iǧehden mgal n Yikurdiyen ay d-yebdan imenɣi imselleḥ ara yesselḥay Ukabar n Yiqeddacen n Kurdistan neɣ PKK. Di 1999, yettwaṭṭef uɣella (imḍebber) n PKK, maca anect-a ur d-yerri ara lehna ɣer tmurt. Yuɣ lḥal, Tturk attan a tettwali iman-is terra-tt tmara ad asen-tefk izerfan-nsen i Yikurdiyen, ladɣa imi ara tessaram ad tekcem ɣer Tadukli Turufit (Union Européenne).
Amezruy-is n tutlayt takurdit[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Di 1934, ɛerḍen Yikurdiyen n Arminya ad rren takurdit takurmanjit d nettat ay d tutlayt ara yesduklen akk Ikurdiyen, maca ur ssawḍen ara. Llan diɣ yesdawanen (universitaires) ay iɛerḍen ad kksen imgerraden (lxilafat) yellan ger n tkurmanjit akk d tsuranit i lmend n wesdukel-nsent, maca ula d nitni ur ssawḍen ara. Yuɣ lḥal, takurdit takurmanjit tesɛa tasekla yuran d taqburt, tebda-d si tgara n lqern wis 16 akk d wis 17, u teḥbes di lqern wis 18 d wis 19, yernu d tin ay d-ssidren Yikurdiyen n Surya akk d wid yellan di Turuft, di tallit i deg tella Surya s ddaw n leɛnaya n Fransa. D Ikurdiyen n Surya ay d-issuffɣen aɣlis akurdi amenzu, s tkurdit takurmanjit, di 1932, sakin, ḍefrent-t-id aṭas n tsufaɣ (publicaitons) nniḍen ay d-yeffɣen di lɣerba.
Ma di Lɛiraq, d tamedyazt (poésie) takurdit n lqern wis 18, ay yuran s tentala n Suleymaniya ay ileɛben ddur' deg usebded n tutlayt takurdit tizeɣt di tmurt-a. Di tazwara n yiseggasen n 1920, bdan a d-teffɣen yeɣlisen s tkurdit di Suleymaniya, ma di 1931, yesteɛr'ef udabu aɛiraqi s tkurdit tasuranit, yernu bdan a tt-sselmaden deg yiɣerbazen imenza, d ayen yeǧǧan tutlayt-a ad tennerni mliḥ di Lɛiraq, u ad taf iman-is.
Yuɣ lḥal, yemxallaf wamek tella tkurdit si tmurt ɣer tayeḍ. Di lweqt i deg nezmer ad d-nini d akken tutlayt-a yegra-yas-d liser di Lɛiraq akk d Iran, di Tturk, i deg yettidir wazal n wezgen seg Yikurdiyen, mazal takurdit tettidir deg wuguren meqqren, yernu attan a tteddu akken ad tenger.
Tamselyut[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Deg mondeberbere.com Tasuqilt sɣur Hafid Mesbah d Hamid Oubagha


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Spenyul
Tamurt n Spanya d amaslaḍ di Tadukli n Tmura n Turuft (UE). Tezga-d deg unẓul utrim n Turuft akked deg Tefriqt n Ugafa. Tamanaɣt-is d Madrid.
Deg aneẓaw n turuft tḥerr amur ameqran seg tazunegzirt n Iberia. Ama deg tefriqt n ugafa, tesɛa snat n timdinin deg wakal n umeṛṛuk Sebta akked Mlilt.
Deg Ilel Agrakal tesɛa Tigzirin Baleares. Ama deg ugaraw aṭlantik tesɛa Tigzirin Tiknariyin.
Ɣef leḥsab n tmenḍawt n Spanya deg amagrad wis 3.1 n usaḍuf, el castellano Taspanyulit d tutalyt tunṣibt n uwanak. G aseggas n 2012 tella d tutalyt tayemmat n 82% n yespenyuliyen.
Ɣef leḥsab n umagrad wis 3.2 n usaḍuf aspanyuli, tutlayin tispenyuliyin nniḍen d tuniṣibin deg timnaḍin-nsent af leḥsab n uẓayer-nsent (Amedya : tutlayt takatalanit g tamnaḍt n Katalunya).
Spanya tesɛa anezmar ameqran i tmerrit (Tourisme), tella tamurt tis 3 anda rzan medden g 2016 s wazal n 75,3 imelyunen n yinerzafen. Annect-a n tmerrit yefka tayett tameqrant i tadamsa taspanyulit.
Adriz(latar) n bnadem amezwaru (win yegan am ṣṣenf n imdanen Homo) di tmurt n Spanya, yesɛa 1,2 n imelyunen n iseggasen uqbel tura. Ufan agamis n yiwen n umdan n ṣṣenf Homo di tama n Atapuerca g ugafa n tmurt.
Timnaḍin n Spanya (autonomías)Ẓreg
- Wandlus
- Aragun
- Asturyas
- Tigzirin Balears
- Euskadi
- Tigzirin Tiknariyin
- Kantarbya
- Kasṭilya La Mancha
- Kasṭilya ed Léon
- Katalunya
- Extremadura
- Galisya
- Tamnaḍt n Mursiya
- Navarra
- La Rioja
- Tamnaḍt n Valensya
Plazas de soberanía (deg wakal n Umerruk)

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Ass-a ffɣen-d yimezdaɣ n tmurt mgal tasertit n wanak, i d-yeffɣen s uberreḥ mgal lebɣi n ugdud, deffir n tekliwin timelwayin i yeḍran deg waṭas n lwilayat n tmurt deg wussan yezrin. Daɣen ilmend n tikkin n uselway n tigduda Butefliqa i tikkelt tis semmus deg tefranin tiselwayin ara yilin ass n 18 deg yebrir i d-iteddun.
Imezdaɣ n waṭas n waɣiren n tmurt, ffɣen-d ɣer yiberdan ssuddsen-d tikliwin timelwayin mgal tawaɣit-a i yeḍran deg tmurt. Iswi agejdan deffir n tekliwin-a d asbed n tigduda tis snat, daɣen d asebgen n lɣiḍ ɣef tikkin n Butefliqa deg tefranin tiselwayin i tikkelt tis 5, akked taserti n udabu mgal lebɣi n uɣref. Syin d tasummelt ɣef uqmaḍ n udabu i tlelli n uɣref ɣef lxetyar anwa ara yilin d aɣella fell-as, syin addad deg wacu tella tmurt s umata.
Tikliwin-a ḍrant deg tlemmast n waṭas n waɣiren n tmurt, tekkin deg-s tgejda n umussu asertan acku ẓran, yerna umnen belli ilaq ad d-yili ubeddel n waddad n tmurt seg uẓar-is, mačči ɣef tikkin n Butefliqa kan deg tefranin. Imezdaɣ n tmurt am yal tikkelt ttilin mgal tasertit n uwanak, imi umen belli ma yella sussmen ɣef yizerfan-nsen, adabu amesbaṭli am wa, d awezɣi ad asen-t-id-yefk. Ffɣen-d ɣer yiberdan ssuturen ad d-tili tigduda tis snat. Agdud ur yeqbil ara s udabu amesbaṭli i yeṭṭfen tisura n leḥkem seg 1962 ar ass-a.
Tameskant-a, ad d-tili d tameskant tasertant mgal adabu amhersan yeṭṭfen tisura n leḥkem deg ufus-is, yessaweḍ alammi yečča azref n ugdud, yerna yettmeslay s yisem-is i tmura n berra, belli d netta i yebɣan tikkin n unefran-nsen. Aɣref yeeya seg tsertit tujḥift n uwanak, imi tilelli-yis tettwaqmeḍ, ma yella d tameict-is mazal ur d-tuɣal ara d tameict n umdan ilelli. Imekkiyen deg tikli-ya ssawalen s kra n tmenna, am : « Ma tebɣam Lgira ur nugad ara”.” Ala, ala, ala i usebded tis 05 ». « Ulac, ulac, ulac ssmaḥ, ulac ». » Bouteflika Ya Lmerruli ulac Leuhda tis 5”. “Ad nerreẓ wala, ad neknu », « Neeya seg udabu amesbaṭli ». « Ḥebset tamḥeqranit ».
Imsuddsen n tmeskant-a ṭṭfen awal, ssumlen-d tigawin xeddmen At udabu i tmurt deg yal taɣult. Sutren-d, ad d-tili tlelli n ugdud. Abrid n umennuɣ ɣef tlelli n ugdud seg leḥkem amesbaṭli mazal ɣezzifit, ɣas yeččur d isegral, maca d lwajeb fell-aɣ merra ad neḍfer abrid-a n umennuɣ, acku agdud yebran i umennuɣ-is ur yettidir ara deg liser, ad yeqqim d akli n wid it-inebḍen. Win i wumi iruḥ nnif, ad yidir d akli ilebda, ad d-yezdel fell-as ddel d lbaṭel.
Amaziɣ Illeli


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Ajjed
Ajjed neɣ asɣan d tagrawt n tektiwin d tifelsin id yesskanayen iswi n tudert d tallunt ɣer wid yettamnen yis, Akken yettwasen tikwal d Taflest yettwaqqnen ar tedfersengamt d tisunayin, Akken yeqqen daɣen d tɣara
TudaytẒreg
Tudayt d asɣan amezwaru ideg ttamnen medden d akken yella yiwen n yellu kan. Isem-is s Thibrut Yehweh, Udayen ur zmiren ara ad bedren isem agi acku ɣur-sen d amuggi (leḥram). Yellu g tudayt ila (yesɛa) iylan i t-yettallen, yuzen amazun ɣur ifganen i wakken ad ttamnen yyis
TamasiḥitẒreg
G trumit yellu d amesnalfu yuderen ɣer medden s iman n wedmaw umi ssentayen yissu.
TineslemtẒreg
G tneslemt, Yellu d yiwen maca ur yudir ara, Meḥemmed d amazun aneggar yakk ara ad yazen yellu ar ifganen, i wakken ad t-defren yakk s umgarad n tgurmiwin-nsen d initen n sen d tutlayin-nsen


text:
Tutlayt n usihel
Tutlayin n usihel (S teglizit: Programming language) d tagrawt n imenziden uettwarun s daw n ticki n ilugan n tutlayt n usihel, sakin imenziden-a ttekken-d s kra n tukkiyin alamma tettuselkem deg uselkim
ma yili wugur gar n ifassen-nneɣ, tewwi-yas-d awarzem i tifrat-is. Awarzem d awalen (n tefransist, tegnizit ..) i yesseqdac wussnan i tifrat n wugur, maca aselkim ɣur-s awalen-is imaẓlayen, agraw-nsen d tutlayt n usihel (imeslayen iy gezzu uselkim), wid ara d-isnedhen aselkim (d azrar n wanaden) i tifrat. Gar tutlayin-a:
Fortran[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Awal-a d asewzel (FORmula TRANslation), tisuqqelt n tenfalit, acku awalen-is sehlen i useqdec n tusnakt (mathématique). Amezwaru i d-yuran fell-as d RUTISHAUSER, deg useggas 1952, maca ur d-yeffiɣ ara i leqdic almi d useggas 1955, s ɣur JOHN BACKUS. Tameslayt-a telha nezzeh i yinekmaden ussananen n tesdawit.
BASIC[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
D asewzel (Beginner's All purpose Symbolic Instruction Code). Yeffeɣ-d deg useggas 1965. D tameslayt i d-yemmugen i wid urɛad ssnen nezzeh timeslayin n usihel, acku awalen n umeslay yettwaqdacen deg BASIC sehlen, ferzen. Yelha nezzeh i yinelmaden n tesnawit (aswir amenzu). S kra n wawalen, anelmad yezmer ad yektil: tajumma (surface), ableɣ (volume), azikit (périmètre).atg, neɣ ad ad d-yefru tigdiwin (équations).
Pascal[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Teffeɣ-d ger useggas 1967 d 1971 sɣur Niklaus Wirth. Yefka-yas isem-ayi ilemen-d umussnaw ameqqran BLAISE PASCAL (1623-1662). Tameslay PASCAL tettwassen aṭas seg wasmi i d-teffeɣ i lɣaci tameslayt n Turbo pascal deg useggas 1984, sɣur Borland International, imi wwḍen azal n umeliyun i yettuzenzen seg-s. PASCAL daɣen yemmug-d i tusnakt, yelha nezzeh i yinelmaden ussananen n tesdawit.
C[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
D tameslayt i d-ilulen deg useggas 1972, sɣur umussnaw DENNIS RITCHIE. Deg tazwara, timeslayin-a mmugent-d i useqdec n uselkim ( ileḥḥun s UNIX); maca, deg useggas 1989, yuɣ abrid n useqdec s wahil, yuɣal am wid neẓra yakan.
DBASE[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
_ er taggara n yiseggasen 70, amussnaw WAYNE RATLIFF ( iqeddec di NASA), isnulfa-d timeslayen i useqdec n taffa n isefka (base de données), i wumi isemma VULCAN. Syin akkin, GEORGE TATE d HAL LASHLEE, gren-d afus, rnan sqewmen-t, armi d useggas 1981, yuɣal isem-is dbase (data base).
Awalen n tutlayin n uselkim[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Awalen-a zemren ad ilin, d wid n tegnizit mmden, neɣ d asewzel n wawalen n tegnizit.
Amedya[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Wayi d ahil, s tmeslayin i neẓra, sendahen aselkim i wakken ad d-yaru ɣef ugdil (Ecran), awal (AZUL):
FORTRAN
Ahil amenzu WRITE(*,*)'AZUL' END 10 CLS
BASIC
20 REM Ahil amenzu 30 PRINT " AZUL " 40 END Program azul
PASCAL
Begin {ahil amenzu} WRITE('AZUL'); END. MAIN() {
C
/*Ahil amenzu */ PRINTF('AZUL') } CLEAR
DBASE
*Ahil amenzu* ? ' AZUL' END


text:
tabrat n Jeqoub i mmis
d jivn i Ifkan duru i umattar. Ikkr ad Iruh Isavl as umattar nni
– !! Rgu a aerdoi. Uqal-d ak-n Rrq sorf
ata ‘ain Ienan adrim d cha d lhdran di tbrat -d Igga Jeqoub i mmis. Iufato Jhia di tsnduqot n babas asmi Imut. Tura s ukrjun di lkaqdo n tckkart n siman.
…………………………………………….
asourdi a mmi Iver ad Ikcm Ishol ad Iffq. Ilaqo ad Tilido d anemar am babak, ur Tnal asourdi alama Tsarddo ifasn ik. taxridt ik qurk vi to Itvalin, ula d iejjaln ik. mulac ato Yrn s tidt.
tazoallit, Tukllxq nkk brka. zik Zoullq Uzoamq, asmi Xdmq lhsab Ufiq tazoallit ur-d Tskcam ara, Ufiq simi Ttuzoumdo simi Ttsorrifdo. ma Tzmrdo i lazo, amsoruf Iver, ur as Tzmirdo ara. lazo Itkks it ‘ucci, asourdi ma Iffq d tuffqa ubrriqo. ma Illa vin Izmrn i blqolluz n yddac, kco a mmi ur Zadn ara fllak isourdiin. irna macci d jiwas ass a-d Tbddldo imnsi. ad Uzoumn imrkantiin d adtas.
qurk ad Trrdo cidtan d aedav. Iver ur as Tzmirdo ara. ur Tqorrib qurs urt Xzzu urt Rggm. mulac ad Tndmdo. Anf i vid Istufan at Avdon s amrug.
timcrdt ma Ttmacca di’ass is r mddn, kco Cllh ito Mllh ito, akk Tdtf. Ilhoa lhdr, aksum macci di jiwas i Itmacca.
taeacurt Tlhoa i vid f Iuyar rzoqo. Tlhoa asn ato Fkn, Tlhoa ak ato Tcodo. kco ulansi Tfkido taeacurt, d amqbun i Tllido.
ma Illa vin -d Isufqn lveda, kco Sufq iejjaln mccuc qoccuc, ad Con i lbaraka. ad Con alama Qobrn, fihl ma Tsxsrm-d imnsi.
ur Teanad vid if Izad udrim, kullc qursn d axllso. ula d aman n Rbbi Taqntn i-d di tqoretin. ula d asdtl uqorru Txllison fllas. imr am babak, ain Illan d akuafur ad Iruh ad Ixdm tamurt ad Ifrs ad Inqoc. macci tadudt Zoadn d ibrnias Tllsnto bla axllso, acbbub a’ Idojjrn alama s usourdi a’ Ikks. Cbu-d babak, arrav ik d kco i d akuafur nsn, Lls itn alama Uqaln Zddiyit am tmllalin, 5 dqoaiqo Ifra cql.
vin Iyan tamqra urkk Ierido ara Cfu fllas, Ihsd ik s cidt n sksu. ma Ierdo ik qurk ad Truhdo, macci s ucci ikk Ierdo Ibqa kan as Tavido tavsa (akadu). ma d jivn am ntta a’ k Ikllxn…
ur Tamn ara vid Isuyutn aval f imqban, amqbun d kco. ma Illa vin -d Isddqon nq Tfka-d dvla cidt lqovt i imqban, qurk v ikk Izwirn. d ayugil i Tllido, irna tura d amqar qorib ad Tavdodo 60 iswasn. ad Tmtdo d ayugil am babak.
arrav ik, Taq asn-d icdtidon si jivn sonf, si jivn lkttan. akka va ur Iqoar « Iifii va ». irna vin Isayrn acdtido at Ils vaido, ma Iqors ucdtido ad Iuqal d tifavtin i viiado. macci kullas d tiqin, ur Nsea ara luzin icdtidon.
vid Irvan adrim Sxsarn trbia i’arrav nsn, ain-d Sutrn asn Ddun di lbqi. tnfxa dirito i’arrac. Sliq achal d abrid ik Sutrn ‘arrav ik abrhouc at Rbbin. ursn Taq ara aval, ulac abrhouc. ur Tseim lisse ur Tseim amur i iqogan. Illa di’aval aebbudo uqogun. ma Illa lqovt Ixsrn nq tisiyar, at Tfkm i tjuzado. aqogun am ibki, la tadudt la ajfki. iqogan i vid Istufan, nkoni macci d aqam iqogan.
qurk ad Tukllxn ‘arrav ik s lqoaraia ur-d Iskcamn ara. vin k Innan “lflani Iqra vissn acu -d Isnulfa”, Inas “? vissn achal is Fkan”.
adtas i Idtjjirn isourdiin nsn anda urtn Trra tmara. kco ur Tss ara di lqohavi. ma Tbqido lqoahva Tlla di uqam. ma d vaido a’ Ixllson Ddu as di lbqi… qorib Touq : lqoahva dirito ula di uqam, Qlait irna ur Tnfie ara. Kks ito.
Truhu f udoar r suqo. d lspûr. ad Tffqdo sobh zik si uqam, amsoruf ufuryu at i-d Trnudo d timzoin. mi-d Tuqaldo si suqo Ini i iejjaln blli kullc Qlai Iwdo s iynni, ma Bqan ad Cuhhn akkn ad Iali uqam. ma Tufido kullc Qlai di suqo, macci d leib ma Tuqaldo-d ur-d Tqodoido ara. Tswqodo akkn a-d Tqodoudo, macci akkn ad Ttukllxdo.
daxl n uqam iejjaln qas ad Lhun hafi, ad Buhrun idoarn nsn.
ma Tkcmdo s aqam n mddn, qobl ad Tffqdo Muqol aqam, ma Tlla kra n tqavsa a’ k Rdoln, nq a’ k Fkn d tukci.
vin k Itaialn, mi d lavan as Trrdo asourdis Inas « Rnuii-d ». akkn ad Izor ulac assa.
Truhu r lxla ad Txdmdo cql, qurk ad Tggdo tifrkiuin nnq. tinqolin, ain Irran s abrid nq r tlisa Frs it Hrs it. lgiran d imsbridn Hmmln ad Zzoln ifasn nsn ad Xrrfn si letab n viiado. tazrt Ilhoan Snz ito, taido Kks as tavkka ato Tcom.
fihl ma Tuqdo-d aqjul, Sean at taddart, mi Thvagdo aqjul Sutr. nkoni macci d aqam n iqjal.
qurk imattarn, urtn i-d Slqoado ara s aqam ik. d imssasn, simi isn Ttakdo simi -d Tuqaln ad Sutrn uyar. ain a’ Tfkdo i umattar Iruh ur-d Ituqal. amattar ad Ixlu aqam ik akkn ad Iemmr aqam is.
Txtiri imdukal ik. Ddu d vid Irvan a-d Thazdo sqursn. vid Ixusson diritn i tdukli. vidn macci d ihbibn ik, d ihbibn n txridt ik, ulac diisn laman.
issik a Timqurnt tura, qorib ad Avdont d tulauin ad Ffqnt. qurk ad Ttukllxdo atnt Tfkdo i mnvala. vin Ixusson dirit i nsba. adowal d taxridt. lqoraia d lfhoama ur Tmaccant ara. vin urn Sei adrim, Iqra nq Icbh ur Iqri ur Icbih. Nasb kan vin umi Icbh lgib is.
mi Tbqido ad Ttzourdo azokka n babak, Ruah di’ussan n ziara. Ttili lveda, ad Tco ad Tavido s aqam.


text:
Tusnakt
Tusnakt d tussna yimḍanen s umata, tettwa sileɣ s tmusniwin timadwanin (connaissances abstraites) s tallat n izebzan imeẓlan (raisonnements logiques) ɣef tmiḍranin (concepts) am yimḍanen (nombres), tanezgit (géométrie), tiskiwin (structures) neɣ iseɣwal (transformation). Tusnakt tbedd daɣen ɣef taɣult n tegmi (recherche) iy ssendalen (developpe) timusniwin, akk d wayen it sselmad.
Agbur
- 1 Aẓar n wawal
- 2 Amezruy
- 3 Taɣulin n tusnakt (domaines des mathématiques)
- 4 Leqdic n tusnakt
- 5 Assab yellan ger tusnakt d tussniwin nniḍen (les mathématiques et les autres sciences)
- 6 Tusnakt d tesnagayt (mathematic and philosophy)
Aẓar n wawal[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Amghar
Tusnakt d awal id yussan deg sin wawalen ilelliyen tussna d kti (tussna= science, ket = mesurer; tusnakt= science de mesure (mathématiques), tussna n wektay).
Awal n tusnakt d awal amaynu iss nefka deg tmiḍi agi nneɣ, uqbel Imaziɣen neɣ Leqbayel d wid yesseqdacen tu'snakt d acu s tutlayin nniḍen, ama deg tusnakt ama deg tussniwin nniḍen, am augustin
Amezruy[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Uqbel ad tili tira nezmer ad nin belli amdan (l'homme) yesseqdac yakan tusnakt. Taɣawsa tamezwarut id ibegnen tiwezatin n wesiḍen (compétences de calcul) d'iɣes n Ishangoig llan 20000 iseggasen uqbel tallit agi nneɣ.
tusnakt tzegerd krad (3) imecwaren (étapes) anida tura (amyag aru) tilawt (existence) ines:
1 - taɣerma tagrikit (civilisation grecque)
2 - taɣerma n teneslemt(civilisation islamique)
3 - talalit Turufit ( renaissance européenne)
4- Timidi (siècle) tis XX (20 s telatinit)
Taɣulin n tusnakt (domaines des mathématiques)[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tusnakt tebḍa ɣef sin(2), krad(3) neɣ uquz (4) yeḥricen imezliyen(différents) i tezga tesseqdac : aljiber(algèbre) d wesebrurez(analyse) neɣ aljiber, asebrurez d tenezgit(géométrie) neɣ daɣen Aljiber, Asebrurez, tanzeggit akk d tadwala (probabilité). Tilissa ger weḥric d wayeḍ ur banent ara akken igerrez, axaṭṭer llan aṭṭas n igemmaḍ ig ssawalen ɣer tewzatin tusnakin(compétences mathématiques) id yussan m yal aḥric. Amaɣil n Wiles(théorème de Wiles) ittwa seɣser deg useggas n 1994, d amedyat anyari(arithmitique) d acu aneggaru-agi issaswal i kra n teɣawsiwin yellan deg iḥricen nniḍen am wesebrurez d tenezgit i wakken ad nbeggen tasenẓayt(démonstration) ines.
Leqdic n tusnakt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tigmi deg tusnakt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tigmi tusnikt (recherche mathématique) ur d ḥudd ara kan ɣer tsenẓayt n imaɣilen (démonstrations des théorèmes),
Timeslayin tusnikin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tusnakt tesseqdac tameslayt ig llan i nettat d tazedgant, uma yella tewwid kra n wawalen am aggay (groupe), tindert (anneau), d acu nbeddel asen anamek nsen i wakken ad begnen i wetta usniken (termes mathématiques), akken daɣen ig lla wassar-nneɣ(notre besoin) i wakken ad nessenfali(exprimer) kra n teɣawsiwin, nesmentil-d (nesnulfay) awalen iɣ iwulmen am ddutugdit (injection), nnigtugdit (surjection) neɣ allustugdit (bejsction), tugett n wawalen usniken rran tusnakt d tagermant (difficile) i wid ur nessin tusnakt.
Tameslayt n tusnakt tesseqdac daɣen Izumal (symboles).
Assab yellan ger tusnakt d tussniwin nniḍen (les mathématiques et les autres sciences)[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tusnakt tesseqdac assaben usligen d tussniwin nniḍen. Asebrurez n yegtilen (analyse de données) yessawal ɣer tewezzatin n tusnakt. Merra tussniwin tiquranin, taragit n yegna ines tessawal ɣer wesebrurez usnik iɣ mellen ugar n yegtilen i mgal tajrut.


text:
YECCU LMASIḤ inna ... NECC d TAFAWT n DDUNECT
Wenni dd ayi i ɣa iḍfaren, war iggur ɛemmarṣ di taǧest, maca ad ɣares tiři tfawt n tudart !
Aseqsi Wiss 11
Ma ittwabḍeř Řɛahd Aqdim?
Řɛahd Aqdim d Řɛahd Ajdid nitni d ijj n wedlis u nitni s tnayen seǧḥen u ssawařen x Yeccu Lmasiḥ, war iǧi Řɛahd n Jdid (L'Injil) waha.
Di Řexbar Aṣebḥan s ufus n Luqa 24:13- 27 nettaf aqa Lmasiḥ issawař ak-d ca n imeḥḍaren nnes awarni řami dd-ittwasnekkar-dd zi řmewt. Lmasiḥ tuɣa issawař akidsen x řmewt nnes x ṣṣalib, inna asen: “ 'A ifɣař, a ineḍqař n wuř di liman s marra min ssiwřen inabiyyen! Ma war ittxeṣṣi ad iweddeb Lmasiḥ ammu uca ad yadef ɣar uɛuǧi nnes?' Xenni ibda zi Musa u zi marra inabiyyen, ittfessar asen min xas yuran di marra idlisen."
Narcem asetter aneggar s uzeggʷaɣ, maɣar issbeyyen aneɣ mliḥ mammec idlisen n Musa u n inabiyyen cehhden x Lmasiḥ. Xarreṣ mɣir deg umezruy n uwehheb n Isḥaq, mmis n Ibrahim, i war itwaɣarṣen maɣar Arebbi iwca as ijj n icarri deg wemcan n mmis! Ma teẓrid min ixs ad yini "izmar n Arebbi"? Aqa-t d Yeccu Lmasiḥ.
Aqa din ict n řqedd n ibriden i xef iched Řɛahd Aqdim (i tuɣa iǧan qbeř mma ad dd-ittwaxřeq Yeccu zi Maryam) x Yeccu Lmasiḥ wenni war dd-yusi ɛad ɣar ddunit deg wussan nni! Awař 'Řɛahd Aqdim' war ixs ad yini aqa řmeɛna nnes war iqqim ad xak tettecřed niɣ war iseqqʷa ɛad ɣar řmuminin. Awar 'řɛahd' ittxeṣṣa ad itwaɛqař am 'řɛahd' ( niɣ 'kontrata') jar Arebbi d bnadem. Řɛahd Aqdim issbeyyan řɛahd n Arebbi ak-d Musa d Israyil i ittxeṣṣa ad ḍfaren u ad ṭaɛen ayt n Israyil. Ttawrat (=aseřmed d ccariɛa) n Arebbi immewc i Musa deg wedrar. Iwa aqqa man aya d ict n kuntrata d taqdimt niɣ aqa-tt d Řɛahd d Aqdim.
Řɛahd Ajdid issawař x min iɛna Lmasiḥ nni dd-ittwaxeřqen zi teɛzarect Maryam s Arruḥ Iqeddsen u x mammec t tuɣa iggur u isseřmad di temmurt n Israyil u x mammec idweř d tidett "Izmar n Arebbi" umi immut x ṣṣalib u x tnukra nnes zi jar imettinen u x mammec immeksi ɣar ujenna u x twasit nnes wiss tnayen u x mammec i d aneɣ ittxeṣṣa ad neddar i uraji n wedwar nnes!
Iwdan n Israyil war kemmřen awař nsen maḥend ad ḍfaren u ad ṭaɛen Ttawrat. Ttawrat tuɣa-tt mliḥ u Řɛahd Aqdim ɛawed mliḥ, maca iwdan fecřen maḥend ad awḍen ɣar min isdaheǧen amur awarni amur zi ssibbet n wuř nsen aɛeffan.
Linjil isseřmad aneɣ belli marra iwdan ɛṣan u xḍan x Arebbi, war iǧi wudayen waha. Marra iwdan zi marra řegnus xḍan u ɛṣan, zi Adam ař řexxu, war zemmaren ad arḍan Arebbi. S wawař nneḍni Řɛahd Aqdim ittawi ɣar řmewt zi ssibbet n uxeṭṭu. L'Injil iqqar aqa řexřaṣ n uxeṭṭu, aqa-t d řmewt (Irumaniyyen 3.23)
S liman war iǧi s řexdayem ɛlaḥsab ccariɛa?
Ejj aneɣ ad neḥmed Arebbi i tuɣa ibnan ijj n řɛahd niɣ ict n lɛalaqa ak-d Ibraham s liman qbeř mma igga řɛahd ak-d Musa. Aqa neqqar di L'Injil deg ict n tebrat n umazan Bulus i řmuminin n Galaṭiya (umi qqaren řexxu Turkiya, mani tuɣa ɛad war zeddɣen Iturkiyyen di řweqt nni) :
"A Igalaṭiyyen ifɣař, wi kenniw iqeddcen maḥend war teṭṭiɛem i tidett? Aqqa Lmasiḥ tuɣa itwarcem jarawem qibač i tiṭṭawin am wenni immuten x ṣṣalib. Degga waha xseɣ ad t ssneɣ zzaywem, ma teṭṭfem Arruḥ s řexdayem n ttawrat niɣ umi tesřam s liman? Ma amenni d ifɣař i teǧam? Tebdam s Arruḥ, ma řexxu ad tkemmřem s weysum? Ma teẓrim tamara aṭṭas x walu, mařa tuɣa s tidett x walu? Wenni d awem iwcin Arruḥ uca ittegg řeɛjayeb jarawem, ma ittegg itent zi řexdayem n ccariɛa niɣ umi tesřam s liman, am mammec tuɣa Ibrahim 'yumen di Arebbi uca itwaḥseb as-dd d tasegda'. Ssnem aya, belli inni iǧan n liman, nitni d ayt n Ibrahim. Adlis tuɣa iẓra qbeř belli Arebbi ad isegged řegnus s liman, izzar ibeccar i Ibrahim, inna 'Dayek i ɣa twabarken řegnus marra.' Xenni inni n liman ad twabarken ak-d řmumen Ibrahim. Marra inni iǧan zi řexdayem n ccraiɛa, aqa nitni sadu nneɛřet, minzi tura
'D amenɛuř kuř ijjen wenni war iqqimen iṭṭef di marra timesřayin yuran deg wedlis n ccariɛa (= ttawrat) ḥima ad tent igg.'
Aqa ittban řexxu aqa war din ḥed i ɣa itwaseggden ɣar Arebbi s řexdayem n ccariɛa n Ttawrat, minzi tura:
'Amseggad s liman ad iddar.' "
Xenni inni n liman ad twabarken ak-d řmumen Ibrahim." (Tabrat i Igalaṭiyyen 3:1-9)
Xenni nessen aqa Ttawrat war tessidef ca bnadem ɣar tsegda d tudart s liman, maca “bnadem wenni tent itteggen, ad iddar zzaysent (zi řexdayem n ccariɛa n Ttawrat)", ixs ad yini s řexdayem waha. Zi jjihet n ccariɛa n Arebbi aqa-neɣ marra d imednab am Adam. Maca Lmasiḥ aqa ixeǧeṣ xaneɣ, ḥima ad aneɣ ifekk zi nneɛřet nni iǧan x yenni sadu Ttawrat u sadu ddenb, am netta idweř xaneɣ d amenɛuř - minzi tura “D amenɛuř man wen mma yuyřen x teḥnact” - ḥima lbaraka n Ibrahim ad taweḍ ɣar řegnus s liman di Yeccu Lmasiḥ maḥend marra ad ṭṭfen lwaɛd n Arruḥ s liman am mammec t iṭṭef uřa d Ibrahim. (Tabrat i Igalaṭiyyen 3:10-14)
Ccariɛa d lwaɛd
"A awmaten, ssawařeɣ am bnadem, uřa d řɛahd i iǧan zi bnadem, awarni řami itwaxtem, uřa d ijj war izemmar ad t ibḍeř niɣ ad xas yarni. Aqa lwuɛud twaggen i Ibrahim d zzariɛet nnes. War iqqar ca “I iɛeqqayen n zzariɛet” am i waṭṭas, maca am i yijjen “I uɛeqqa n zzariɛet nnek” wenni aqa-t d Lmasiḥ. Degga qqareɣ: řɛahd wenni iqeddar Arebbi i Lmasiḥ, war t tbeṭṭiř ca ccariɛa tenni tusa-dd arbeɛmya u třatin n iseggʷusa awarni man aya ařami tzemmar ad tegg lwaɛd ixwan. Minzi mařa řwart iǧa s ccariɛa n Ttawrat, aqa war iǧi ɛad s lwaɛd. Maca Arebbi aqa iwca it i Ibrahim s lwaɛd.
Xenni umi tneffeɛ Ttawrat? Aqa tetwammarni x ssibbet n ddnub ařami dd-tusa zzariɛet tenni umi itwagg lwaɛd uca lmalakat wcint tt deg ufus n yijj n umseṣřaḥ. Aqa wenni d amseṣřaḥ war iǧi zeg ijjen, maca Arebbi d ijjen.
Ma xenni ccariɛa n Tawrat ḍidd i lwuɛud n Arebbi? Ɛemmarṣ! Minzi mařa tuɣa temmewc ict n ttawrat tzemmar ad tesseddar, d tidett tuɣa tasegda s ttawrat. Maca adlis (n ttawrat) ibelleɛ x marra di ddnub, ḥima řwaɛd ad immewc s liman di Yeccu Lmasiḥ i yinni yumnen .
Maca qbeř mma ad dd-yas liman, tuɣa-neɣ nemmeḥḍa di Ttawrat uca itwabelleɛ xaneɣ zzayes ařami dd-yusa liman wenni tuɣa i ɣa iḍharen. Maca umi dd-yusa liman, aqqa war neqqim ɛad sadu wenni ittarebban." (Tabrat i Igalaṭiyyen 3:15-25)
Ayt n Arebbi
Minzi marra kenniw d ayt n Arebbi s liman di Lmasiḥ Yeccu. Minzi marra inni itwassɣeḍṣen di Lmasiḥ, aqa arḍen Lmasiḥ. War din Uday niɣ Ayunani niɣ ismeɣ uřa d aḥurri, war din aryaz uřa d tamɣart , minzi marra neccin d ijjen i neǧa di Lmasiḥ Yeccu. Mařa kenniw teǧam n Lmasiḥ, aqqa kenniw d zzariɛet n Ibrahim uca ɛlaḥsab řwaɛd d iwriten." (Tabrat i Igalaṭiyyen 3:26-29)
S uyenni neẓra aqa tudart d tsegda war ǧin ca s Ttawrat, maca s lwaɛd u s liman days, ixs ad yini di Lmasiḥ i xef tuɣa issawař lwaɛd i Ibrahim. Lwaɛd ittxeṣṣa ad aneɣ issarɣ liman di Arebbi. Akemmeř n lwaɛd n Arebbi i Ibraham d Yeccu Lmasiḥ, wenni iksin amcan n Isḥaq, mmis n Ibrahim, umi itwaṣelleb x ṣṣalib i ddenb nneɣ i weṣřeḥ jar Arebbi d bnadem! Netta d Izmar n Arebbi i ikksin ddenb x ddunit i kuř ijjen wenni zzayes ittamnen.
Di Yeccu Lmasiḥ ɣarneɣ ijj n řɛahd ak-d Arebbi i d aneɣ-dd iwyen tudart s Liman di Yeccu Lmasiḥ. Dayes netwaɛahed s tudart n řebda. Řɛahd-a tuɣa ibda ad yiři qbeř ad ittwagg ujenna d umaḍal deg wuř d řxaḍar n Arebbi. Ttawrat n Musa war t txalef ca. Ccariɛa n Ttawrat iban-d aqa tuɣa nexḍa ktar zeg wami tuɣa-neɣ břa ccariɛa n Ttawrat, maɣar Israyil war iḍfar ca ccariɛa n Arebbi, am marra řegnus war ḍfaren ca ccariɛa n Arebbi i iǧan deg wuř nsen.
Inna Yeccu x řmewt nnes di Řexbar Aṣebḥan s ufus n Yuḥanna 12:24
"S tidett, s tidett, ad awem iniɣ, mařa war dd-iwḍi řḥebb n yirden di temmurt uca ad immet,
xenni ad iqqim weḥdes, maca mařa immut, xenni ad dd-tawyi řɣiǧet aṭṭas."
S ṣṣalib nnes issbeɛɛed Lmasiḥ xaneɣ ddenb (bnadem aqdim, ixs ad yini 'bnadem amednub' i war ineffɛen i Arebbi) uca idweř ɣars řɣiǧet kuř twařa ijj n bnadem ittegg atecři nnes xas. Mařa nettčeř x Lmasiḥ xenni bnadem aqdim i iǧan dayneɣ ɣar daxer ad iwanḍeř ak-d Yeccu Lmasiḥ deg wenḍeř nnes ḥima ad netwassnekkar ɛawed akides uca ad nebda tudart d jdid s liman days.


text:
Adiktaturi ameqqran n ccamal n Afriqqya ittwaneɣ
Ass n řexmis ittwaṭṭef udiktaturi ameqqran, Kaddafi. Manawaya tuɣa war t itriji ḥed am memmec imsar. Netta itwaṭṭef iddar u řami t tuɣa t tawyen ɣar ijj n wemcan nneḍni imsar uqarṭaṣ jar imɛawanen n Kaddafi d imɣewwɣen n Libya. Danita i imsar ařami ittwaḥken d uqarṭaṣ deg uzeǧif nnes. Yiweḍ Mohamed n Ɛebdslan Bumenyar Lkaddafi ɣar seppitar iddar maca immut deɣya s iyezzimen nnes. D ta tḥajit i tenna lḥukuma n wengaz n Libya.
Qbeř manaya tuɣa iqeǧeb Lkaddafi d imeḍfaren nnes ad arewřen maca NAVO tuɣa teḥḍat u tewtit s ṭṭeyyarat nnes maca imeḥḍay n Lkaddafi ssarewřent ɣar ijj n wemcan deg ijj n uqaḍus. Ssenni t id ijebden.
Inna netta s imant nnes, Lkaddafi, řami ittwaneɣ Saddam deg wass n řɛid ameqqran i waɛraben i tuɣa iḥḍaren belli řa d nnitni ad ten nɣen am nɣin Saddam. Netta tuɣa issawař u ixs ad yini Imarikaniyyen. Maca ɛemmars war ittɣir řa d aydud ɣares tizemmar nnes. Idiktaturiyyen nni ineqqen iwdan nnes řa d nitni ad rajan min imsaren i Mohamed n Ɛebdslan Bumenyar Lkaddafi. Mmis Muɛtasim d umeqqran n tuxbarjit mmuten řa d nitni ak d Lkaddafi. Mmis nneḍni, Sayf Ddin, nnan aqa itwajarḥ maca ɛad war iǧi ca deg ifassen n imɣewwɣen n Libya.
Awarni řami d iffeɣ řexbara ffɣen Ilibiyyen di ẓnaqi u di ṭarabulus arefɛen Ilibeyyen tiɛeǧamin n Imaziɣen d tɛeǧant taqdint n uzeǧid Driss Essanoussi. Wanita tuɣa d azeǧid n Libya qbeř ma ad xas igg Lkaddafi aneqřeb n sseyyasa.


text:
Areṭṭař n wawařen
Aṭṭas n iřsawen n ddunect carcen ak wayawya tusna (knowledge) d wareṭṭař n wawařen (loanwords). Řebda wenni ijehden (bu wagra) i yareṭṭřen i umeẓruḍ. Maca ameẓrud řa d netta ɣares min i ɣa yini. Xseɣ ad iniɣ s manaya aqa waxxa xmi itiři iřes n tmurt ijhed, war ixs ca ad yini aqa war itmetti ca. Aṭṭas n iřsawen areḍřen awařen zi Tlatinect, Talatinect war teqqim maca inni i xas d iksin awařen qqimen ddaren, amcnaw min imsařen i Tmaziɣt.
Xmi ca n yiřes yarezzu x ca n wawař uca war t itiff deg iyyar niɣ deg wazzay nnes (amawal), itraḥ yareṭṭeř it id zi manis nneɣni. Areṭṭař n wawař řebda iqqen ɣar umezruy n tmurt. Kuř awař ɣares ameddur nnes (řɛumur), amcnaw tafukt (tfuct) nettat ussan nnes mɣaren x wussan n wartu (latin= hortus/hortum/horti). Minzi ǧan ca n wawařen war tmettin, war tweddaren u amenni i ɣa qqimen ssemrasen ten iwdan meřmi mma u mani mma. Areṭṭař n wawařen war iǧi ca d ict tmesract řebda tecna. Xmi i d itadef ca n wawař d amaynut ɣar ca tuylayt mammec mma tegga, itirar as di tseddast (syntax). Qqaren imesnilisiyen (linguists) aqa areṭṭař n wawař ireqqef marra azzay n tesnawalt zeg iznaggaɣen (semi-consonnes) ɣares ař temkussna (semantic). Nniɣ sennej aqa ameẓruḍ ɣares min ɣa yini, xseɣ ad iniɣ aqa awař itɣima d amuṭṭi (variable); ijj itic i wenneɣni, ussan tennḍen, awařen tsaran zi tmurt ɣar tenneɣni. Ad awem iniɣ mammec: ad nexẓar rexxu manis d ikka wawař n ‘ssukkar’ d Mammec igga ař ami idweř itsara zi tmurt ɣar tenneɣni.
Tuylat n zic n Dravidian tewc as awař-a i tuylat n Sanskrit ‘sharkara’, Sanskrit taḍeř as t i Iran ‘shakar’, Iran tarḍeř as t i waɛraben ‘succarun’, Aɛraben areṭṭeř nni i Wtařyan ‘Zucchero’ (middle Latin), ineggura ya sseɛdun as t i ifransisen ‘sucre’. Uca ammu i yeqqim itsara zi tmurt ɣar tenneɣni. Am mammec nessen war din iǧi ca n ijj izemmar ad issiweř břa areṭṭař. Rexxu ad nexẓar awařen i d yudfen zi Tlatinict ɣar Tmaziɣt nneɣ.
Awařen n Tmaziɣt: Awařen n Tlatinect: s tegřanzect:
abril/abruri aprilis april/freeze
asnus asinus ass
aqninni cuniculus rabbit
abaw/ibawenn fabae bean
andrar/annar area area
atmun (n wesɣar) temonem rudders
azebbuj acerbus bitter
zzebbuj acerbus wild olive
furnu furnus oven
fiǧus/afullus pullus chick
tawwart/tabburt porta door
wartu,wartan hortus/hortum/horti garden
fiřu filum thread
rectu lectus bed
tayda taeda pinewood
třima celum chisel
tyuya iugum/yugum pair
iyyar, iger ager field
(ait) cicar cicer/kiker chickpea
zayru, azaglu Jugulum yoke
Zeg ijj n uɣezḍis nneɣni, ntaf awařen n Tmaziɣt udfen ɣar Tlatinect. Ɛad war nessin ca uṭṭun n warařen n Tmaziɣt i iǧan di Tlatinect. U war ntettu ca ɛawed umi udfen Imaziɣen (taqbič n Meshwesh) ɣar tmurt n Miṣr, mani idweř Shoshenq d FIRƐAWEN amezwar, zeg Imaziɣen, i iḥekmen tammurt n Miṣr. Jjin din řatar nsen s wawařen n Tmaziɣt amcnaw Amon (Amun), wa tuɣat d ijj zeg waṭṭas n irebbiten n Imaziɣen, Amun-a tuɣat d arebbi n tfuct (sun), n uṣemmiḍ (wind) u n umensif (fertility). Wenni umi qqaren S. GSELL (1913: 312) inna x yiřes n Hesechius, ijj n umesnaw d Agriki, aqa Imaziɣen tuɣa qqaren as Amon i wḥewri. Ntaf uřa d isem n Miṣr n zic tuɣa qqarnas: Egypt. Egypt-a tus-dd zi kemet, kemmet qqarent i tmurt tabarcant (black land). Aẓwar-a n wawař ntaff it di Tmaziɣt. K.M.T: ikmed, icmeḍ; xmi tcemmeḍ ca n řḥajjet, teddakkʷař d tabarcant. Ad yiři Imaziɣen ufin tammurt-a ɣares cař d buʷrreṣ d abarcan, niɣ ufin tet tecna i tyarza, sminzi tammurt tabarcant ttic řɣiǧet i wi iǧan nnes. Nitni ɣarsen tammurt tazuggʷaɣt amcnaw sseḥra; awař n desert (sseḥra) (the red land) ikked zi Truglifect- deshret (dSr.t, fem.) Ad nedweř ɣar wawařen n Tlatinect ntaf midden ksin zzayes min ictaben.
awařen n Tlatinect: awařen n Tmaziɣt: s tegřanzect:
pithécos, pithe biddu ape
addax (nasomaculatus) addax(niɣ tafunast n řexra) antilope
bubal buffalo
elu/telut/elwan (Touareg) (elephantum) elephant
Rossler (1942: 295) inna aqa din ijj n wecrac deg wawař jar Tagrikect eλέφavtaς (elephant) d ijj n wawař tuɣa iǧa zic ɣar Imaziɣen qqaren as eleb. S ennej i manaya, mařa nessars tiṭṭwin nneɣ x –ilef-iřef,ilfan-; ntaff yudes i –elephant-, min ibedřen da? F n ilef idweř d P deg iřsawen nneɣni, amcnaw mammaec twaram swadday:
Ilef (tileft) ====================> elephantum
Ilfan ====================> elephanti
F==============> p
Amc i dawem nniɣ sennej, areṭṭar n wawařen yudef di tusna d wemsawaḍ jar řegnus. ɛawed din aṭṭas n iřsawen areḍřen awařen i iřsawen nneɣni war qqimen ddaren!
Aṭṭas n iwdan qqaren as aqa Tmaziɣt teccur s Taɛraft, maca mařa nexzar swadday i wawaren-a ad taffem belli ina umi neqqar neccin d awařen n Taɛraft, aqa war ǧin ca nican d Taɛraft; Taɛraft tarḍeř řa nettat x midden.
Iblis: διaϐoλoς diabolos
Iqlīm: kλίua klima
inǧīl: euaYYέλιov evangelion
barqūq: δauάσknvo praecox
biṭāqa: πιttakιov [pittakion] ticket
ẖarīṭa: xaptnς carte [khartês]
ǧinn: δaίuovaς demon genius
dirham: δpaxuή dirham [drakhmê]
daftar: διφθέpa notebook [diphthera]
ṣirāṭ: oδός street [stratos]
firdaus: πapaδeισoς paradise [paradeisos]
qanun : kavwv canon [kanon]
qaṣr: kάσtpo castle [castrum]
qalam: kάλauoς pen [kalamos]
qamīṣ: πoukάuισo shir shirt [camisia]
marǧān: uapYapίtnς coral [margaritês
awařen zi iran:
ʾustāḏ: professor
dustūr: chart/constitution
dīwān: cabinet
sirwāl: pantaloon
finǧān: cup
fūlāḏ: steel
numuḏaǧ: example/sample
handasa: geometry, architecture, engineering
Aɛraben areḍřend uřa zi Tsumarect:
tājir: damgar trader
ǧasara: gish-ur bridge
faẖẖār: bahar clay
kursiy: guza armchair
Aɛraben areḍřend uřa zi Tsanskrit:
az-Zuhara: sukra Venus planet
filfil: pippala pepper
laymūn: nimbu citron, lemon
baṭṭīẖ: biṭka melon
timsāḥ: meseh crocodile
sayf: sef sword
Aɛraben areḍřend uřa zeg iřes n Armaniyyen amcnaw ward: vard (rose-flower); areḍřend ɛawed x Icinweyyen ṭūfān: tai-fu, (deluge-inondation). Xmi neqqar s Taɛraft:
Handasa iblis wa ljinn bi lqalami wa ssayfi wa lfuladi wa bi lqanuni addusturi jasaru siraat al firdawsi taḥta iqlimi alqasri. Namudajuhum fi al injjili wa attawrati ka finjanin mina assansabili. Ya’kuluna mina al marjan wa llaymun, wa lbarquq.
.هندس ابليس و الجن بالقلم والسيف والفولاذ. وبالقانون الدستوري جسرو تحت اقليم القصر, نموذجهم في الانجيل والتوراة كفنجان من السنسبيل. ياكلون من المرجان والليمون والبرقوق
Marra awařen i twaram sennej war ǧin ca d Taɛraft. Min iqqim nican d Taɛraft drus n wawařen amcnaw [d…d]. Ad yiři tesřim i inni i daneɣ iqqaren aqa Tmaziɣt teccur s wawařen n Taɛraft, mařa tarzud deg iẓewran n wawařen n waɛraben, war ssineɣ ma ad taffed ca uřa ad teqqimed tsarid zi tuylat ɣar tenneɣni ḥuma ad tesned manis d ikka wawař d wi yareḍřen x wenneɣni.
Ijj n twara Amirikan d Japan tuɣa tmenɣan x reswaq n tḍuft minzi Japan tuɣa tejhed u temneɛ ssuq. Deg 1935 tekkar Umirika tessufeɣ-d řa nettat ca n řkettan d taɣennant x Japan. Uca nnan: ‘now you lousy old Nippon’ (rexxu cem a tawessart n japan iqejḥen); ssenni ksin waɛraben (d midden) zi kuř awař ijj n řḥaf:
now you lousy old Nippon
n y l o n = nylon
Din ɛawed ijj n marka nneɣni n wareṭṭař, amcnaw: Kateteria = Café-tea-area = řqehwa-atay-amcan.
uřa d awařen n isimiten niɣ n iḥenjeren imeẓyanen i iǧan war ḥwijen ca aṭṭas n uxarres, ntafi ten usin-d zi tuylatin n midden, amcnaw abuɛbuɛ= البعبع, neccin neqqar as s Tmaziɣt ‘buɛɛu’, arḍren tid waɛraben x Thiroglifect: بوبو tuɣat d isem n ijj n lɛifrit ssaggʷaden zzayes iḥenjeren imezyanen.
Ntaff ɛawed مم.mummu, ikke-d zi Thiroglifect (din wi iqqaren zeg iqibṭiyyen) waxxa rexxu ssaggʷaden zzayes iḥenjeren imeẓyanen maca zic tuɣa ixs ad yini ‘macca’ (mum).
Aqa din ɛawed ijj n wawař qqarent i xmi ca n uhenjer niɣ asiymi ixs ad iḥada ca n řḥajjet d taɛeffant; qqaren as waɛraben uřa d neccin akidsen كخ, kixx, awařa yuse-d zi Troligrifect, ixs ad yini: ijj n tmesřact war tecni.
1 bubalis


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text:
Mmis n dcar
Taziři, ussan n ṣmayem. Marra iwdan aqa yen di barra. Ajenna yarsa, itran tsiqsiqen. Ikkar mmis n dcar ad yurzu manis i ɣa yekk. Ixarreṣ ak d uzeǧif nnes, inna as ixf nnes ad yehwa ɣar yeɣzar ameqqran. Am nni nnit, igga musejjala swadday i taddeɣt, igga sinta n řalla buya, iwc as marra min ɣares d jjehd. Mammec tegga musejjala ya? Tkessi arebɛa n teẓra d timqqranin. Netta yarniy as tnayen nneɣni d tibaṭṭaḥin! Dcar marra itesřa yas. Uřa d iyaẓiḍen n dcar bdan sququɛen umi sřan i řalla buya.
Tuɣa din tarwa n dcar ggin ict n tɣimit deg iɣzar. Sřan i řalla buya, nnan as wanita war itiři ɣir d Mimun. Sfarɣen tiṭṭawin ɣar wayawya, nnan jar asen aqa: “twařat a yiwi-d Arebbi wi ak d i ɣa nesseɛdu ǧiřt a! Nitni ssnen illa Mimun itegg array, min mma tennid as d wenni netta. Mani mma ssekken t ad iraḥ, min mma i d as nnan ad t yegg. Kuř ijj min iqqar deg uř nnes. Ijj iǧuz, itxarreṣ deg iyaẓiḍen, ijj dayes mezři deg uḍiř, ijj dayes mezři n temɣarin. Derwřen mmarra daysen mezři di ca….
Mimun ikk-d zeg ict n tebrit d tameẓyant jar ibuda n řeɛraṣi. Ttuɣ war dawem nniɣ aqa Mimun war itwiři ca amen tenna. Am yeggur, tewḍa ayas musejjala. Iqqim yarezzu xafes war tt yufi, řalla buya txeddem, maca war itwiři manis d itekk wawař. Tarwa n dcar i tuɣa deg iɣzar trajan Mimun, Mimun war iḍhar. Nnan as kkar ad narzu x mmis n midden, aqa ad yiři yufa ca n temcant tecna iqqim dayes, uca ijja aneɣ da weḥḥedneɣ, ad neqqim ad nexzar deg ujenna, war ntiff s minzi i ɣa nesquḍed ǧiřet a. Ikkar ijj zzaysen, issars ssebsi x weẓru, izzeřz ixf nnes, tenna as tɛeqqact nnes ad iraḥ ad yarzu x mmis n dcar ad t id yawi akidsen iqqim. Innexḍef uca igaɛɛed ɣares, yufa din Mimun itenneḍ, itfafa x musejjala. Ař ami i ɣares yiweḍ, inna as: “Ula Mimun, necc aqa d Bitit, ma twařid ayi niɣ? Yarra xafes Mimun inna as: “a wah wah, sneɣ, ma tɣiř ac aqa war twiřiɣ niɣ? Issuref ɣares Bitit, iwc as afus uca inna as: “Min cek yuɣin a Mimun? Mayemmi i da teqqimed am uyujiř? Yarra xafes inna as: “amcan a iqqar ayi t řebda řxaḍar inu uca ggiɣ ad da qqimeɣ ḥuma ad sřeɣ i řalla buya, uřa qqimeɣ di taddart am wemcum.” Ssenni iḥeccm it Bitit, yarbu yas txancet, inna as: “ kkar ad nehwa ɣar yeɣzar, aqa din iḥramen n dcar ak idsen neqqim, ad ak idsen nsew yaman n uḍiř!!! Aqa ɣarsen řkif….d tamment, iqess it Mulay Ɛmar s ufus nnes. Mimun issedḥa wi i d as ɣa yinin aqa tweddar as musejjala jar ibuda n řeɛraṣi. Igga ixf nnes axmi war imsar ca, uca inn as i Bitit: “ iwa umi texsed ammu, ksi-d abeɛda musejjalla nni aqa ggiɣ tt din neɛmada ḥuma war tt iřeqqef nda, aqa ad aneɣ tseɛɛef řa nettat, břa nettat war zemmareɣ ad ddareɣ, nettat d buḥbeř inu.” Iswizzeḍ ɣares Bitit, igg itt x tɣarḍin nnes uca munen-d marra ɣar yeɣzar.
Ggin tasɣimit, tazeyyat di řweṣt, ssebsi itsara zeg ufus ɣar wenneɣni. Mmis n dcar yufa tamcant nnes jar asen. Kuř ijj min i xef issawař, Mulay Ɛmar ijbe-d awař x ccarq d umi iẓwa iɣzar n meřwect ɣar Meɣniya. Tuɣa ak idsen ijj qqaren as Ḥmidu, xmi issawař ad ac tɣiř d Suqraṭ i issawařen, awařen deg wemcan nsen, fsusen, uǧɣen, teffɣen as d zeg uqemmum amecnaw taxfift. Mimun netta iřseq deg wawař x lxarij, Aliman, aɣarabu n Mřič, timɣarin. Awař yiẓiḍ ak d sbasa d waman n uḍiř d tziři d řalla buya n wesqif, d řeɛwin n yeɣzar.
Iqqim Mimun itxarreṣ deg inni i ak d yeqqim, marra nitni meřcen, netta ad d-yawi Arebbi. Ak d manayenni yuyur as deg uzeǧif, tehwa-d xafes teḥnint, itwařa ixf nnes d tyaẓiṭ jar wayraden, uca ikkar ad issiweř, inna asen: “ Wi i t yufin amecnaw kenniw, tcuqem timura, teffɣem ɣar tinnenɣni.” Tuɣa itacar it wuř xmi i itesřa i řalla buya n tmexsiwt, ktar xmi i tesřa i “ aya tin, aya tin, x ubadu n řeɛraṣi, ruḥ ad tareʷgḥed, war sbuhřuy řɣaci….” Mimun, netta tudart nnes d tiwecca nnes d terja nnes d umezruy nnes, qqnen ɣar tewtemt, ɣar temɣart, ɣar tmeɣra; itraja ɣir meřmi i xafes i ɣa tarḍa ca n yeǧis n dcar, waxxa yeǧis n řmeqdma n wemrabeḍ , ad tyawi ad ak ides isseɛdu ussan iqqimen. Azyen n ǧiřet tiweḍ-d, nihni ɛad aqa ayen ssawařen, sɣeǧayen aman n uḍiř, uca inna asen Ḥmidu: “ nniɣ awem a tarbiḥt! Necc aqa adan inu sɣuyyun.” Yarre-d xafes Mulay Ɛmar inna as: “ tufid ayi xseɣ ad awem t iniɣ.” Ssenni kkaren marra ticti d ict. Ijj igeɛɛed x wartu ad ikkes tazart, ijj ikkar ɣar tzayart ad ikkes aḍiř, iqqim illa Mimun, war immuṭṭi zi temcant nnes. Netta amnus nnes aqa t mani nneɣni, war xafes yargeb ɣir Yakuc bu yetran. Mimun d nniyyet maca nniyyet nnes tuǧeɣ. Cwayt uca dewřen-d marra, kuř ijj min i d-yiwi deg weḥsin nnes. Ɛedřen taɣimit, tarya n waman ttekk asen d jar iḍaren, ssiriden, tetten, sɣeǧayen s waman n uḍiř, farnen di tazart tetten mummu. S minzi qqaren aqa řkif d řaẓ war d ttisen ak d wayawya. Marra tetten, Mimun war iggi tuddint deg uqemmum nnes. Netta iwca yamezzuɣ nnes i řalla buya, isɣeǧay tafqeḥt s řkif, uřa d taqemmumt nnes teffeɣ-d amecnaw cqef n ssebsi. Imeyyeř-d ɣares Ḥmidu, inna as: “ qas ak idneɣ aḍiř d tazart ḥuma ad fesyent tfeqqaɛ, aqa mařa tewc it i sbasa, tettud aɣrum, ad tecced ṣṣeḥḥet nnec, ict war xafek tareṭṭi, ad teqqimed d aɛezri n mennuc…”
Ḥmidu issekkar dayes timessi. S minzi Mimun issen aqa war t itexs ḥed, s waṭṭas niɣ s drus, uřa d tiwessura n dcar řexxu war qqiment, ẓwant marra ɣar lxarij. Waxxa mři i qqiment, ad taff war xafes areṭṭint, war ɣares taddart, war ɣares tammurt, war ɣares ḥed itraḥ lxarij, min umi tudart nnes? Min zzayes i ɣa ggent?
Mimun waxxa iqḍeɛ řayas, teḍr as d ɣar uzeǧif ict n txarriṣt, ca n wussan tuɣa ixedm iten ɣar ict n temɣart, aryaz nnes tuɣa t d aɛeskari di ṣṣeḥra, itas-d ict n twařa deg useggʷas. Tuɣa tessiweř ak ides, tarzem as tawwart, tarzem as uř nnes, manaya tuɣa imsar aṭṭas zeg wami. Maca ak d sbasa d řeɛwin n yeɣzar, d waman n uḍiř, tenna as tqeyyuḥt nnes ad iraḥ ad xafes isqarqeb, mayemmi? Netta s imant nnes war issin mayemmi. Ijja řalla buya txeddem, ikkar ibedd, inna asen: “ad raḥeɣ ad ɛuǧiɣ, ad d-dewřeɣ d abid….” Ayt n dcar xarṣen nnan aqa mařa iruḥ yiggʷejj, ad iraḥ ad iɛuǧa x wartan n yeɣzar, ad yiři iteɛjib as wexsay. Ksin t iḍaren nnes, war yuci ař ami yufa ixf nnes isqarqub, itřaɣa… “Timuc, Timu, Tim.” Timuc iǧa teṭṭes, maca tesřa i teyyita di tewwart, tařa azeǧif nnes x tsunta, tenna ak d ixf nnes, ‘ma d aryaz i d ixeccen zi sseḥra niɣ? Mařa d netta i mayemmi war dayi d issekk areqqas ad xafes ggeɣ…..’ Am txarreṣ d Mimun ibda itarezza tawwart. Tuzzer-d Timuc ɣar tewwart tameqqrant, tufa tmijja nni war teǧi ca n waryaz nnes uca tebda tseqsa: ‘wi din? wi din? Yarre-d xafes Mimun, inna as d: “d necc d necc, d Mimun.” Tenna as Timuc: “ Min tarezzud? Ma d ca i yemsaren di dcar niɣ?” Inna as Mimun: “ Arzem uca ad am iniɣ.” Tedweř Timuc ɣar wexxam, tḥart-d x tezwict, tarr-d tawwart x tarwa nnes, tcuq-d řemraḥ řexxu řexmin ad tewḍa s tigʷdi. Tbedd awarni tewwart uca tenna as: “Min tarezzud a mmis n midden? Ruḥ ɣar cɣeř nnes, war dayi snexřaɛ tarwa inu.” Yarra xafes Mimun inna as: “ Nniɣ am ǧiřet a ad ayi tarezmed tawwart, waxxa ɣir ad ẓareɣ tiṭṭawin nnem uřa dewřeɣ s ifassen xwan.” Umi tufa Timuc imneɛ deg wawař nnes, tḥart-d x ict n tmuzart zeg ucewwaf nnes, tebbz itt jar teɣmas uca tegga taryazt. Tedweř war tteggʷed war ttarjiji, maca tessen aqa ǧiřet a war tarwis ca di ǧyaři nneɣni. Tesḥinnib i tezwict, teqqar as mamec i ɣa ggeɣ i wemcum? Mařa ssidfeɣ t rid am nni, mařa iqqim ɣar tewwart n taddart, iwdan min xafi i ɣa yinin? Ikka as d ijj n uxarriṣ deg uzeǧif uca tenna as: “texsed a Mimun ad tẓared tiṭṭawin inu?” Yarr-d xafes inna as “ Zeg uqemmum nnem ɣar wenni n Arebbi.” Ssenni tenna as: “iwa sijj-d zi texbuct n tewwart inu.” Mimun, umi isřa awař nni, igga tanewwart, inna deg wuř nnes ɣir ad tt ẓar aẓři n tiṭṭawin inu ad ayi d tarzem tawwart!!!!” Issij Mimun zi texbuct n ssarut n tewwart, Timuc tseggem aqemmum n tezwict, tenns as: “iwa arzem mliḥ tiṭṭ nnec ḥuma ad ẓareɣ mummu nnecc qbeř i ɣa tẓared tiṭṭawin inu.” Timuc tesɛukbar, tesduqqeẓ, d Mimun isɣuy, sřan as d zeg iɣzar.
Igga afus nnes x tiṭṭ, iruḥ itazzeř ɣar yeɣzar. Ixec ɣar imeddukař nnes, idammen tcararen, umi i t ẓrin am nni nxeřɛen, kkaren marra bedden, sɣimen t ɣar tmurt, ssiriden as aɣembub netta isɣuyyu, iqqar: “a yemma tiṭṭ inu, a tiṭṭ inu.” Umi xzaren ufin ict n tiṭṭ teffeɣ-d, temneɛ deg iẓewran n tayyut. “Nnan as: “Wi i dac iggin ammu?” Inna asen: “aqa tuɣa xseɣ ad ɛɛuǧiɣ x wartu, ad qaseɣ cwayt, ař ami ufiɣ ixf inu di tmurt..dddewww.”
Ksin t imeddukař nnes ɣar taddart, ssidfen t ɣar wexxam nnes, sbuzzren t x tassut uca jjin t. Tiwecca nnes ifaq-d, yufa ɣir ict n tiṭṭ. Tuɣa ɣares tnayen war xafes yarḍi ḥed, i řexxu wi i xafes i ɣa yarḍan s yict?


text:
TIṢERRIḤT TAGRAGHLANT IZERFAN N WEMDAN
Yesbudan d yesse ran deg wegraw amatu seg use ti-s 217 A. (III) di 10 dujember 1948
ANAKCHAM
Imi asmussen n lḥwerma i ttalasen akkw yâggalen n twachult talsawt d yizerfan n sen yemsawan, d nitni i d llsas n tlelli, taghdemt akkw d- tifrat deg wmadal (di ddunit).
Imi kra n widn nesmussun ara izerfan n wemdan d widn iḥeqqren s lkhwedm n lewḥuch yesserfayen tamsakwit n talsa akkw d- tlilin umadal and'ara hedren u and'ara yamnen yemdanen s tlelli idg ur yelli la aseṛheb la lmizirya, d nettat i d asirem âlayan n wemdan.
Imi tebbwi - dd nnig kra yellan ad ttuḥudden izerfan n wemdan s nnidam azerfan i wakkn ur yettuḥerrs ara wemdan di taggara alamma yughal d amnafeg ḍadd temḥeqranit akkw d unaghur.
Imi yessefk ad tennerni tegmi d wassaghen n tmidwa d lemḥibba gar yeghlanen.
Imi di lqanun izerfan n wemdan imudan n ledjnas yedduklen berrḥen i tikkelt tajḍidt laman n sen deg zerfan ilsasiyen n wemdan di ccherf akkw d wazal n bnadem di tugdut izerfan n tulawin d yergazen u berrḥen belli qeṣden ad snernin aqeddem amgarwan u ad sbed'den tigwnatin timenyafin n tudert di tlelli yettimghuren.
Imi, timura yetteskin di ledjnas yedduklen lezment iman n sent ad myallent (ad mmâwanent) i wakken ad demnent nitenti d-tuddsa n ledjnas yedduklen, di mkull timura leqder aheqqani izerfan n wemdan akkw tlella tilsasiyin.
Imi afham amechruk n tlella d yizerfan agi degs lqima tameqwrant i wakken ad uqment leqder tmura leqder i lâhd n sent.
Tajmâit tamatawt
Tberreḥ belli tiṣerriḥt agi tagraghlant izerfan n wemdan d anawad amechruk igher ssaramen imudan d yeghlanen akken ma llan i wakken akkw yemdanen d yâggaln n temgarwa i glan (i ges an) dima tiṣerriḥt agi di lbal n sen, ad skhedmen akkw lmedjhud n sen, s leqraya d ttṛebga i wakkn ad senernin aqader n tlella d yizerfan agi u ad demnen s ttawilat idd iteddun s lâqel, (wa deffir wa) deg wennar aghelnaw d ugraghlan asmussen d usnefḍes igraghlanen iḥeqqaniyen gar imezdaghen n ddulat tâggalin s timmad n sent nagh gar yimezdaghen n tmizar i gellan ddaw lhwekm n sent aghedman.
Tamadda 1:
Imdanen, akken ma llan ttlalen d ilelliyen msawan di lḥweṛma d yizerfan- ghur sen tamsakwit d lâquel u yessefk ad-tili tegmatt gar asen.
Tamadda 2:
Kull yiwen ghur-s lḥeqq ad ighellat tilella d yizerfan idd yeddan di tṣerriḥt agi bla tarayit idd yettasen si cchetla, d llun, d ldjens d tutlait, d ddin d ṛṛay asiyasi nagh ṛṛay iḍen i gerzan lasl aghelnaw, tamgarwa, aila talalit nagh liḥala n iḍen yehwa yas d argaz nagh d-tameṭ̣ṭut.
Rnu gher-s, ur ilaq ara ad-tili trayit yebnan ghef liḥala tasiyasit, taghedmawt nagh tagraghlant n tmurt nagh n temnadt ideg yezdegh wemdan yehwa yas tella tmurt agi nagh temnadt agi d- talellit nagh ddaw lewkala, nagh ur tehkim ara deg yiman is nagh ur tekmil ara tlelli ines.
Tamadda 3:
Kull amdan ghur es lḥeqq n tudert, tilelli d laman ghef timmad is.
Tamadda 4:
Ur ilaqar a ad yughal wemdan d akli nagh d aqeddach n wemdan iden. Tasakla d uzenzi n waklan ttuḥeṛṛmen maḍi.
Tamadda 5:
Ur ilaqara ad yettuselleṭ ghef umdan uâqeb nagh ssikis d- teghriwin yesnughbuyen, itekksen fell as sser.
Tamadda 6:
Ang'is yehwa yili wemdan, ghur s lḥeqq ad yettwag leqder i timmadit is taghedmawt.
Tamadda 7:
Akkw indamen msawan zdat lqanun u ghur sen lḥeqq bla afraz i wakkn atn iḥudd lqanun - ghur sen irkwelli lḥeqq i uḥuddu, akken ma llan ḍedd tarayit ur nwufq ara tiṣerriḥt agi.
Tamadda 8:
Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq ad ichetki i tnehkamin tighelnawin yettuk'ellfen i wakkn ad fkent lḥeqq ḍedd tneḥyafin ur nettqadar ara izerfan ilsasiyen is yettak udustur d lqanun.
Tamadda 9:
Ula d yiwen ur yezmir ad yettwaṭṭef, nagh ad yettwaḥbes nagh ad yet twanfu s ldjur.
Tamadda 10:
Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq ad-tâddi tluft is zdat tnehkamt, âinani, bla tneḥyaft i wakkn ad - tseyyi ma seḥḥant telzimin is d yizerfan is nagh ma d-tidett wayn - idd gren fell as deg wennar n lâqubat.
Tamadda 11:
- Kra n win yettutéhmen s ssiya ad yettwaḥseb d imzekki alama yettuṣeḥḥeh s lâdel ddenb idd gren fell as, âinani, zdat tnaḥkamt and'ara yettwadmen akkw wayn i glaqen i uḥuddu ines.
- Ula d yiwen ur yettwaḥkam ara fell as ma yekh dem kra n ssiya yettuḥeṛṛmen nagh ma iferreṭ di kra iwudjben fell as ma yella di tallit ni ayn idd gren fell as ur ikhulfara lqanun aghelnaw nagh agraghlan, yerna lâquba ur d as-dd yettak ara ad - tagwar tin is i gḥekkm lqanun di tallit ideg teḍra ssiya.
Tamadda 12:
Ur yezmir ḥedd ad yessekchem iman is s ldjur di tudert n wemdan, di twachult is; deg wekkham is, timuzniwin is nagh ad yessims lḥwerma-s d nnif is; kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq at iḥudd lqanun si tiytiwin yechban tigi.
Tamadda 13:
- Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq ad yelḥu s tlelli u ad yekhtir tanezdught di tmurt is.
- Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq ad yeffegh si yall tamurt ghas d - tamurt is u ma yehwa yas yezmer ad yughal ghur es.
Tamadda 14:
- Ma yella yettwaḥṛes wemdan s ldjur, ghur-s lḥeqq ad yesdari iman is u ad ighellet lânaya n tmura iḍen.
- Amâni ur d-as-dd tebbw ara ad ighellet lḥeqq agi ma yella yekhdem ssiya ikhulfen lqanun amechruk nagh ayn ur nwufq ara inawaḍen d yimenzayen n tmura yedduklen.
Tamadda 15:
- Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq i tghelna is yehwan.
- Ur d-as yettwakkes i yiwen s ldjur la taghelna ines la lḥeqq ubeddel n tghelna.
Tamadda 16:
- Mi geblegh weqchich nagh teqchicht, ghur sen lḥeqq ad zewdjen i wakkn ad bnum tawachult bla ma yettuqegged lḥeqq gi s cchetla, taghelna, nagh ddiyana msawan deg zerfen m'ara zewdjen, nad'am zewdjen nagh m'ara yefsekh zzwadj.
- Ur yettili zzwady alamma s lebghi d umyeqbel ukmil n wergaz d- tmettut.
- Tawachult d-tagwejdit talemmast n temgarwa, ghur-s lḥeqq att thudd temgarwa d ddula.
Tamadda 17:
- Amdan yehwa yas weḥd-es nagh d amezday ghur-s lḥeqq ad yekseb aila.
- Yiwen ur yezmir ad yettuḥ̣̣eṛṛem seg waila-s.
Tamadda 18:
Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq i tlelli n tedmi, tamsakwit d ddiyana, lḥeqq agi tetteski deg-s tlelli ubeddel n ddiyana akkw d wayn is yettamen, wehd es nagh gar medden âinani nagh di sser, s uselmed s tegdimin, s wâbâd d umares n lemdaheb.
Tamadda 19:
Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq n tlelli di ṛṛay d lmenṭeq anda yetteski lḥeqq ubeggen n ṛṛay bla ma yettuchebbwel u daghen tebbwi yas-dd ad inadi, ad yeṭṭef, u ad yefser di yall tamurt isallen d- tedmiwin s yall ttawil n wenṭaq.
Tamadda 20:
- Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq i unejmâ akkw d- tdukla di tifrat.
- Yiwen ur yezmir ad yettuḥettem i wakken ad yetteski di tdukla.
Tamadda 21:
- Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq ad yetteski deg wselḥuy n temsal n bailek n tmurt is, ama netta s timmad is, nagh s win yekhtar d amtil is.
- Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq amm netta am wiyad ad yettef amkan di lḥirfat n bailek n tmurt is.
- Lirad umadan d nettat i d llsas n lhiba n lehkwem n bailek- yessefk add tban s tefrant zeddigen idg ara tteskin meddn irkwelli u ara yilin si lweqt aar wayeḍ̣ di tugdut d sser nagh s ttawil iḍen it yechban ara iḍemnen tilellli n tefrant.
Tamadda 22:
Kull amdan yetteskin di temgarwa ghur-s lḥeqq di laman amgarwan gqes den ad ikafi izerfan is isagrawen imgarwanen d yidelsanen imsefken i lḥweṛma d usegmi alelli n timmadit is s tejmilt n lmedjhud aghelnaw d umyalli agraghlan s wayn ara yembwafaqen netta d nniḍam d lerzaq n kull tamurt.
Tamadda 23:
- Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq i ikheddim ara yekhtir akkn is yehwa s cchurut n lâdel imsefṛaḥen ar'at iḍemmen ghef ticchumert.
- Imdanen akken ma llan ghur sen lḥeqq bla tarayit i tjernanin yemsawan ghef ikheddimen yemsawen.
- Kra n win ikheddmen ghur-s lḥeqq i tjernant taḥeqqit, timsefreḥt ar'as iḍemnen i netta d twachult is tudert iwufqen lḥweṛma n wemdan ara yettuk'emmlen ma yebgha lḥal, s kra n ttawil iden uḥuddu amgarwan.
- Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq ad yessebded netta d wiyaḍ tidukliwin ikheddamen nagh ad icharek di tdukla ara iḥudden lmeslaha ines.
Tamadda 24:
Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq i rraha d- tukksa n lkhiq (d ugunfu) u ladgha di lḥedd iqebbel lâqel n lweqt ikheddim akkw di ttriḥ yettwakhelsen, si lewqt aar wayeḍ.
Tamadda 25:
- Kull amdam ghur-s lḥeqq i lmizan n tudert ar'at iqidden i ṭṭmana n tṣeḥiḥt is (n tezmert is), liser ines akkw d- twachult is, ladgha i isafarn n tuççit, llebsa, tanezdught, adawi timezgiwin (tijmilin) timgarwiyin ilaqen, ghur-s lḥeqq i ṭṭmana ma ur ikheddmara, ma yuḍen, ma yella d anâibu nagh d adjjal, nagh d awesran nagh kra n yimi ar d as ruḥent ttawilat n tudert ma yekka-dd waya nnig tezmert is;
- Tiyemmatin d yigwerdan ghur sen lḥeqq i tallalt (lmâwna) d uḥuddu ikhsusiyen. Akkw igwerdan ilulen di zzwadj nagh beṛṛa n zzwadj ghur sen lḥeqq yemsawan di tussṛa (ṭṭmana) tamgarwant.
Tamadda 26:
- Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq di leqraya ur nessefk ara fell as lekhlaṣ ladgha leqraya tamenzut akkw d- telsasit. Leqraya tamenzut d- tamelzumt, leqraya tatiqnit d uselmed n lhirfat yessefk ad ilin d imatawen, tabburt unekchum gher tlumdiwin tunnigin (âlayen) yessefk ad-tili s lâdel i meddn irkwelli ghef lehsab n wakken ẓewren.
- Ttrebga yessefk ad- tessiweḍ ghr usefti n timmadit d usedjhed n leqder izerfan n wemdan akkw d tlella tilsasiyin, tebbwi-dd ad- tweṣṣi ghef usefhem d umsameh d lemhibba gar tmura akken ma llant d yimudan d ddiyanat i tuttfa n lehna.
- Imawlan ghur sen lḥeqq d imezwura ad khtiren ṣṣenf n ttrebga ara fken i warraw n sen.
Tamadda 27:
- Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq ad yetteski ma yebgha di tmeddurt tadelsant n tmurt is, ad yestummen i lfenn (tazuri) akkw d tegmi n tussna d wayen idd ttaken n lfaida.
- Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq uḥuddu n lfaida ines tanamkawt akkw d- tmaddawt idd yekkan seg wayn idd yesnulfa di tussna, di tmedyazt (tasekla) nagh di lfenn.
Tamadda 28:
Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq deg wennar amgarwan nagh deg wennar agraghlan i wakken ad yili nniḍam yechban izerfan akkw tlella idd yeddan di tṣerriḥt agi lfaida d unawaḍ n sen.
Tamadda 29:
- Amdan ghur-s lwadjeb i wegdud idg i gemken ala deg-s kan, unerni ukmil n timmadit is.
- Deg wmares izerfan is d ughellet n tlella ines, kull yiwen ur ikennu ala ddaw leqyud i gerṣem lqanun wehd es i wakken ad yedmen asmussen d uqader izerfan d tlella n lghir is u daghen i wakken tisutriwin tighedmawin n wedyaz d nniḍam n bailek d liser amataw dit emgarwa tagdudant (tadimuqratit).
- Izerfan akkw d- tlella yagi, is yehwan yili, ur zmirn ara ad ttumarsen ḍedd inawaḍen d ỵ̣̣imenzayen, n tmura yedduklen.
Tamadda 30:
Ur telli tmadda di tṣ̣̣errḥit agi i gzemren ad-tettwafhem d-tikchi n lḥeqq i ddulla, nagh i wegdud nagh i wemdan i wakkn ad khedmen kra nagh ad marsen igi i gqeṣden aḥuddu izerfan akkw d-tlella idd yeddan deg-s.


text:
Tafsut taɛrabt
Tafsut taɛrabt d tagrumma n tagayin timeẓwiyin yedran deg kra n timura n umaḍal aɛrab d Tafriqt ugafa seg dujamber 2010. Tanfalit « Tafsut taɛrabt » t sawel-d ar « Tafsut n iɣerfan » n 1848. Iwliwlen agi igrawalen iɣlanen[1] semman-asen daɣen tigrawliwin tiɛrabin, tinekriwin tiɛrabin, neɣ daɣen « ankar aɛrab[2] », kra qaren-as tagrawla Facebook, tagrawla Twitter daɣen tagrawla 2.0 skud asseqdec n iẓeḍwan imettiyen yexater. S wukud, asget « Tifsutin tiɛrabin » yeqqim d tanfalit tamenyaft iwakken ad seknen tuggta n iwliwlen i ssegrewen ddaw isem agi.
- ↑ Gustave Massiah, « Tinekriwin tigrawalin : Semmus timeɣra timezwura », Centre tricontinental, tasufiɣt ass n 25 mayyu 2011
- ↑ Azwel n Manière de voir n Tafsut 2011


text:
Aḥric ameqran n imusnawen umezruy, n yemura, si yal lawan, d wid n zik neɣ d wid n wass-a, dduklen di tikta iwakken a d-inin amek i d-tuɣ aẓar teflest tamasiḥit n ddunit meṛṛa, ladɣa tin n Utaram, si zzeriɛa n Tmazɣa. Tamasiḥit n Utaram alaṭini tlul-d si Tmazɣa.
Tebda-d tikli n tmezgida s tnagit n inelmaden imezwura. Ḥekkun-d ɣef wayen walan d wayen slan.
Deg uḍris-agi amaynut a nessiked ɣer wazal sɛan “Yemɣaren” n tmezgida di tikli n wass-a.
Tikta ara d-nawi tikelt-agi deg umezruy, d tiɣri i “Yemɣaren n Tmezgida”.


text:
sobuh n’uccn
Mjjzn zik imussnavn Ufan : tamuqli n umdan ako d tmuqli n’uccn s ulli Mxallafnt. tamuqli n’uccun d tin usojjad, tin n umdan d tamuqli uyzzar. Yan lhsab, Mjjzn Eavdn Ufan ulac vin Inqon akrarn am umdan, uama uccn Inqo kan ain a’ Ico, imi taebbudt is mskin ur Tzmir ara i lhcic. uccn ma Inqa izimr, d lazo i Illuzo. amdan d axddae : hoa at Inq, hoa at Isnz i vin a’t Inqn. Mjjzn Ufan ulac vin Ikrhon akrarn am umdan. imr macci d agnvi n umdan tili ikrri ad Iiqzif lemr is ad Iavdo ula d ntta d amqar. si lkrho nni, ula d ajfki Tkksnt imdann i izamarn akkn at Svn nitni. uccann ur Xddmn tii.
Mjjzn Ufan : vin Ixusson nija, Ituassn s thraimit d amdan. amdan Itzoalla Ixdde, d bu tfxtin, ad Indi tifxt i ymas nq ato Indi i’uccn.
Ufan : vin Inqon di lyirrat akkn ad Iavi ciea, d amdan. urgin Tkkr lyirra yr taddart n’uccann d taido. uccann ur Tnaqn f tlisa.
Ufan : d tismin i Iusm umdan armi Ikkat di taqct n’uccn, mi is Iqoar « Iskeviv am uccn ». imi uccn Iturbba macci am umdan : ur Iskiddib ur Iryym ur-d Itffq uetur si imis.
Ufan : uccn Idtf di tgaddit, Ihrz tamslait -d Goan lgdud is, urto Ibddl ara s tin uqogun nq s tin izirdi. amdan d ankkar n lasol, ad Igo tamslait is ad Ihoddr tin ubrrani. tuccanin ur Cdthnt ara s taerabt di tmqriuin.
Ufan : uccann Ssnn ad Con, adoil Tccont d agdid d azoidan, ur Tragun ara alama Smmum Iuqal d crab.
Ufan : ma Nan imdann f vin urn Sei amalal « at Con ‘uccann », Bqan kan ad Simsn leiub nsn i vin urn Xdim. iqamn n cre Courn d imdann d imalaln nsn, uccann ur Tmsavadon ara r cre.
Ufan : ma Nan imdann f’ir soifa « d soifa n’uccn », d izori i Xusson, nq d tamussni. tili Valan d tulauin i Itarran tazoult d lguz akkn a-d Bannt Cbhnt, uama tuccanin Cbhnt si zik ur Hvagnt la lguz la tazoult.
Ufan : uccann nhas ulac taymat Tlla, mi Illa lxir ad Msavaln. imdann ma Illa lxir ad Naqn fllas.
Ufan : uccann d at nif, d nitni i-d Iggan aval « adrar a uccn ». nitni Hmmln tamurt nsn, ur Rwln ara r Fransa akkn ad Gon tamurt ato Izdq ubrrani.
Ufan : idtig d uyffur qas ur Ediln ara Mqunzan si zik, Tmlilin di tqmra n’uccn, imi uccn Mqor can is macci am umdan.
Vznn imussnavn Eavdn Ufan : uccn d ain Ilhoan kan i Illan diis. d udm n rbh, Hmmlnt saddat. vin a’ -d Isobbhn fllas ad Irbh. uama amdan mi Tvalado lxdaim is ad Teqoldo dirit i sobuh.
akka i Illa lhal.
f ass nni Hsn d Lhasn Ddukln tafgrit r lxla ad Xdmn cql. A Lhhun Tqossirn, ata Inyyz-d ‘uccn sdatsn Izyr abrid Iruh. d sobuh n’uccn, d sobuh n rbh.
Msmuqoaln Hsn d Lhasn. jivn ‘uccn kan i Ieddan, Hsn d Lhasn di sin i Lan. jivn kan i-d Isoah sobuh n’uccn assa. a Tmqollaen anva it Ivalan d amzvaru, imi d vin t Ivalan d amzvaru a’ Irbhn fllas. Inna Hsn :
– nkk Tuq Tmuqoulq r tama nni uqobl a-d Idoill. assa d suqo, ad Ruhq ad Snzq tixsi d’arrav is a-d Aviq diisn lfaida tamqorant.
– d nkk it Ivalan, irna Uryaqt di tnafa tanyyarut. ad Goq cql i uskka, ad Ruh r suqo a-d Aqq taegmidt.
Erdon ad Msfhoamn ur Msfhoamn ara. Uqaln r taddart Ruhn r vin Ifrrun timsal. Mlan as taluft, Nan as :
– kco Tuqdo tanumi Tfrrudo timsal Ivern, Fru aq ta.
Inna asn :
– Tshol madoi tmsalt nvn. Srsm-d jal jivn duru.
jal jivn Isrs duru. vin Ifrrun timsal Iddm 2 duru nni, Irratnt r lgib Inna asn :
– uccn aii, ur Illi d Hsn ur Illi d Lhasn it Ivalan d amzvaru. vin t Ivalan d amzvaru d vin Irbhn fllas. d nkk.


text:
lhag Aerab
Teavadn f jivt tmdtut zik Tmttan as ‘arrac. assn Tsea-d aqocic Tsmma as Aerab. Tedda-d lmut, akkn Tvala ism n uqocic Truh Tkmml abrid is. a Itimqur ‘Aerab, lqoraia ulac lmena ulac, imavlan a akkn Illa Qoblnt, avid kan ad Iili. akkn Tqoar jmmas « si tmqobrt i-d Iuqal ». d ntta i Iemrn aqam. Ikkr-d d avhid d cuqo n imavlan is, Eziz Qlai. Qlai armi Ihsb iman is d cuqo ula di brra, am akkn Iif mddn.
asmi Mqor Iwdo d aryaz, tizjas Qrant, jal va d ain Ilmd, ntta Ihfdo tazoallit, d tin i Isholn. tazoallit di taddrt nnq macci jivt i Illan. Tlla tin n mddn ako, Tlla tin umi Qoarn « tazoallit tamqorant ». d tin i Ihfdo ‘Aerab, d tin i Irnan fllas, Trnnu di tqzi. Iuqal d amzoallu amqoran, s uqondur s tamart s kullc. di mi is Qoarn « lhag Aerab », ulama ur-d Ihugo ara. Iqra di lgame cidt n taerabt, dqa Iuqal d Aerab Iqran taerabt. Iuqal macci d mnvala. Itqimi kan d v1id am ntta, vid urn Tzoalla Itqanfutn. ula di tgmaeit, qas akkn iquiad macci d babas itn Ibnan, Iqoar i mddn : « Azo akkin kco ur Ttzoallado ara, ur Tqimi ara idi ». Zoran ‘at taddrt acu Isva ‘Aerab, maca Tsthin ur Thmmiln ara nqoma, Tnkarn Tbddiln amkan. ntta Iqil d tidôt Iif mddn. dqa Iwito akkn, mddn Dtrrifn as i’udm n imavlan is, ntta ur Itcuhhu i jivn.
Truh akkn armi d asmi -d Iqli di vin umi Tsqr dunit taqobailit. taqobailit taqourant. assn Iwi-d lveda r tgmaeit, Qoimn iryazn d asqoamu Zzin i lgfna ad Con. Imuqol ‘Aerab jffus zlmdo Inna i jivn si vid Iqoim ids :
– kco Azo akkin, Bddl amkan ur-d Tqimi ara quri.
Inna as bab n lveda :
– ? acu is Tsukksdo akkn ur Itqimi ara idk. ?? Isea azggido.
– macci d azggido i Isea. ur Zddiy ara, ur Itzoalla ara.
– Srs iman ik a Aerab, ur Tuzur ara. ma Tbqido ad Tcodo Co, ma Tqunfado Kkr. macci asmi -d Tluldo d agdid d azddyan Tqunfak lmut, assa mikk Tuli tamart am taqadt ad Tqanfudo mddn.


text:
Steve Jobs immut
Steve Jobs immut x ijj n usseggʷass n 56. Awarni řmewt nnes ikkes bnadem deg wawař nnes ad issufeɣ taseřseç n tudart n Steve Jobs. Steve d netta i issbedden ccarika n Apple umi tuɣa qqaren Apple Macintosh. Assufeɣa wanita ad yiři ass n 24 ktubar
Adřis yurat utarras Walter Isaacson u netta simant nnes issiweř ak d imwasnen n Apple d Jobs simant nnes.
řexmis nni iɛdun, ass n řmewt n Steve Jobs, inna umsufeɣ n tseřseç n tudart n Jobs belli aqa assufeɣ ad yiři ijj n uyur qbeř u war iǧi di 21 nufambar. Udřisa ad yiři di 24 ktubar di tḥuna.
Aṭṭas n iwdan iwejden ad sɣen adřisa wanita.
Steve Jobs aṭṭas i igga d timesřayin amacnaw iMAC, iPOD, iPOD Touch, iPHONE d iPAD. U war ntettu ca compterat amacnaw PowerBook, iBOOK, Macbook, Macbook Pro d PowerMac’s d waṭṭas di tmesřact n lmusiqa amacnaw iTUNES.


text:
En arrivant aux avant-postes, je fus surpris de voir l’ennemi à 7 ou 800 mètres seulement, sur des crêtes qui ne sont séparées de notre camp que par une...
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1884 1887 Abane Ramdane Albert Camus Alger au XVIIIe siècle Alger Républicain Algérie Algérie coloniale Algérie française ANAVAD autodétermination Ben Badis Bordj-Menaïel chrétiens colonisation colonisation française Dellys Djafar Khenane Démocratie Education Ernest Fallot Ferhat Mehenni Fort National Guy de Maupassant Insurrection en Kabylie insurrection Kabylie 1871 Islam Jean-Michel de Venture de Paradis Joseph Dugas juifs Kabyles Kabylie Kabylie indépendante Kabylie libre Karim Akouche La Kabylie et le peuple kabyle liberté Mahomet MAK MAK-Anavad Mouloud Mammeri musulmans Paul Ricoeur société Tizi Ouzou
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text:
Paragway
Paragway d tamurt tamecṭuḥt ay d-yezgan deg tlemmast n Temrikt n Wenẓul. Tajumma-nnes 406.752 km2 (yikilumitren imkuẓen). Zedɣen-tt 6.349.000 n yimezdaɣen (Iparagwayen).
TarakaltẒreg
Tamurt-a ur tesɛi ilel. Seg utaram (lɣerb) tḥudd-itt-id Bolivia, seg ugafa (nord) ed wegmuḍ (ccerq), tḥudd-itt-id Brizil. Seg wenẓul, tḥudd-itt-id Terjentint. Anezwi (climat) n tmurt-a d agrawi (humide) deg wegmuḍ yerna d akiwan deg utaram.
Kabelschälanlage Schrottpresse Autopresse Kabelgranulieranlage Alligatorschere Recyclingmaschine Kabelschälanlage
Tutlayin n ParagwayẒreg
Deg Paragway, medden ssawalen, s umata, taspenyulit ed teguaranit. Taneggarut-a d iles n Yihendiyen ineṣliyen n tmurt. Amur ameqran seg yimezdaɣen n Paraguay d Ikaṭuliken.
Amzeruy n ParaguayẒreg
Deg 1537, Aspenyuli Juan de Salazar yessebded tamdint n Asuncion (tamaneɣt n tmurt). Sakkin, Paraguay teqqel d tahrest (colonie) taspenyulit arma ay d asmi tuwey azarug-nnes (indépendance) deg 1811.
Gar 1865 ed 1870, yenker wemgaru gar Paraguay akked tmura n Temsisit n Kraḍ (Triple Alliance - Brazil, Tarjentint ed Urugway). Deg wemgaru-nni, Paraguay tesṛuḥ aṭas n wakal ed yergazen. Maca tessaweḍ ad d-tḥelli tama n Chaco asmi ay tga amgaru akked Bolivia.


text:
Izem
Izem (Assaɣ ussnan: Panthera leo) d aɣersiw amseksum n twacult n tserɣuda yeṭṭafaren Tawsit n iɣilasen, Izmawen ttidiren ass-a deg Tefriqt n unẓul n taneẓruft akken i mazal degsen taɣreft meẓẓiyen deg [Asya]] tettwaggez s umihi n ungar, ziktallit n uzarmezruy llan ttidiren ula deg Turuft, aɣeṛsiw-agi yenger deg tmiḍi tis snat send n tlallit imi aṭas i yettazzalen deffir-s akken ad t-gemren i wakken ad kksen alemsir-is neɣ ad tesxedmen i tujjya neɣ i wsedhu kan
Addad d uẓayer n yizemẒreg
Izem yettusismel d akken-it d talmest yettwaggzen umihi n ungar s tseddaṛt taddayt anda afimidi n tdersi-ynes tuli deg snat n temrawin yezrin seg 30% ar 50% yerna asirem n tudert n tɣrfin yeffɣen i yfergan iɣelnawen isliw (yeḍɛef)
Zik nni, Izem deg Tefriqt yella yettidir deg yal tama, deg yal tamurt ula di tneẓruft yakk d idurar am idurar n waṭlas. Maca ass-a grant-d kra kan n tɣerfin yessufin (yettwaɛezlen) aladɣa deg tmura n usamar n Tefrikt
ɣas ma yella izmawen ttbanen-d yakk ttemcabin deg weglam (ṣṣifa) maca llant waṭas n tdulemsin yemgaraden s imik gar yiwet d tayeṭ deg weglam d teɣdi d yini akk d tiddi. Gar tdulmas n yizmawen yellan yettidir deg Tefriqt yella yizemamaziɣ iy negren deg uzaɣar. D netta i d izem ameqqran akk yettwassnen Izem n Katanga]] (Panthera leo melanochaita) d izem-nni ay yettidiren deg tsabant (savane) n Kenya d Tanzanya, deg Tefriqt tacerqit. Izem-agi meqqer ciṭṭ, yettidir deg uzaɣar anda ay yettṣeggid izgaren d yiɣersiwen niḍen.
Deg Asya mazal izem la yettidir deg tmurt n Lhend, deg yiwet n tama qqaren-as Gir. Tadulmest-agi qqaren-as izem n Asya (Panthera leo persica) izem-a tettwaggez s waṭas s umihi n ungar acku gran-d xges anagar n 200 n yizmawen. Deg Tuṛuft, izem yenger azal n 20 tasutin ay-a, maca deg tasut-agi meṛṛa, medden akk la ttmeslayen fell-as, u mazal aɣersiw-agi yella deg tsugint-nsen.
Asismel d temhazt n yizemẒreg
Timesɣezt tamzikt yakk i wɣersiw yecban izem ufant-id imusnawen deg yiwet n temnadt deg tmurt n Tanzanya addar-is yettuɣal ar 3,5 n imelyan n iseggasen, Kra n imusnawen nnan-d d akken timesɣezt-a tettuɣal i yizem amiran n tidet u mači n umiru-ynes maca timesɣezt nni ur tettwaggeẓ (ur tettwaḥraz ara) akken iwata, Dɣa deg waddad-a imusnawen zemren ad ini-n d akken timesɣezt-a tettuɣal i yiwen n userɣud dgi id yekka yizem (d aẓaṛ amezday). Ma d timetɣezt tamzikt tanaftart yettuɣalen ar yizem n tidet deg Tefrikt yettuɣal waddar-is ar yiwen n umelyun n iseggasen
Tiserɣuda id yettilin neɣ yudsen yakk ar yizem d tilmas nni yeṭṭafaren tawsit n uɣilas am weksil d uyagwar d uɣilas, Dɣa tizrawin tiǧiniyin d timssilɣanin beyynen-t-d d akken Aksel illa d aserɣud amezwaru id yennebra-n seg uẓar-a amezday send n 1,9 n imelyan n iseggasen s akin yennebda-d uizem d uɣilas send n 1,25 n imelyan n iseggasen
TidefrinẒreg
Llan imusnawen ssismilen azal n 12 n tdefrin timiranin n yizem, Tameqrant yakk deg-sent d izem amaziɣ i yellan yettidir deg Tefrikt n ugafa, Imgaraden s wacu i semgirriden yisent tidefrin-a d idgan n tudert, Talɣa n ucebcub (azag), ableɣ d tneẓẓi n unfufed. Maca tefrer n usemgirred n tdefrin s tarrayt-a id yessekren amdan ameqran deg-sent yirna tesseker-d ula d Imgaraden gar ismawen n yiwet n tedfert d ayen yessekren aɣnan deg tluft-a, imusnawen ass-a ukzen-d (steɛṛfen-d) s 8 n tdefrin kan, maca yiwen deg-sen (Panthera leo melanochaita) yezmer ad yili yettusismel d agul (leɣlaḍ) d akken-it d tadfert tilellit, yirna ula d 7 nni n iden zemren-t ad ilin-t ttusisemlen-t s tuccda
Tidefrin timiranin
- Tadfert n Asya: Zik nni tadfert-a tella tettidir deg yakk tamiwin n Asya, seg Turkya ar Surya d tzunegzirt Taserɣint alamma d Pakistan d Lhend maca tura tenger yakk deg tmura nni, Tura gran-d anagar 300 n yizmawen n tedfert-a ttidiren deg teẓgi n Gir deg tmurt n Lhend
- Tadfert tamaziɣt: Tadfert-a tenger deg uzaɣar (lexla) s usrag (ɣef ssebba) n wegmar maca ahat mazal llan kra n yizmawen yellan deg ukraf, Dɣa tadfert-a tella d nettat yakk i d tadfert tameqrant anda azuk-is yella yudes s waṭas ar wazuk n weksil
- Tadfert n Sinigal: neɣ izem n umalu n Tefrikt, tadfert-a tettidir deg Tefrikt n umalu, Seg Nijirya ar Sinigal
AglamẒreg
Izem deg yidles AqbayliẒreg
Deg tmurt n Iqbayliyen, izem mazal yettwassen yisem-is yernu yettwabdar-d ama deg yinzan deg tmucuha, iga d aɣersiw ilan (yesɛan) azal meqqren ɣer Iqbayliyen imi izem d azamul n tezmert akk d tebɣest (lkuṛaj).
TamselyutẒreg
- Omar Amastan Mouffok, imedyazen.


text:
L’usage de tamazight dans les mass-médias en Algérie: le cas de la radio et de la télevision nationales
Date2016
Author
Ouaiche, Fatma
Enteghar, karima
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
Taywalt tesƐa azal d ameqqran di tmetti n umdan, ladaɣa di tutlayt, deg iseggasen-agi iƐeddan imeddukal nneɣ xeddmen anadi ɣef ayen yaƐnan aḥric-agi n taywalt s tilizri neɣ s radyu, ssawden add-afen aṭas n tucḍiwin i yellan deg tutlayt, ɣef waya-agi ineƐreḍ add- nadi ɣef uḥric-agi, maƐna ayen yaƐnan tiliẓri d radyu, neƐreḍ add- nadiɣef umkan n tantala taqbaylit di taywalt, akked ma yella wid iqeddcen deg uḥric-agi ttqadaren ilugan n tantala taqbaylit neɣ ala . Nefka-d turdiwin –a : - Tutlayt tamaziɣt tessƐa azal neɣamekkan d ameqqran di taywalt (radyu d tilizri).. - Tilizri d radyu ttqadaren ilugan n tantala taqbaylit. -Anekcum n tmaziɣt ɣer taywalt yegla-d s lfayda itutlayt n tmaziɣt. Ihi nebḍa axeddim- nneɣ ɣef ukuz (4) n yeḥricen : Ahric amezwaru nexxdem deg-s tasleḍt iwayen neɣra dwayen id-newwi si temkarḍit, nefka- d tabadut n ureṭṭal d wawalen ijdiden neɣ imaynuten i nessexdam yakan. Ma den tilizri g uḥric wis kraḍ nexdem tasleḍt n wahil n tilizrid radyu di Lezzayer akked afmiḍi n usexdem n tmaziɣt di radyu d tilizri. Ma d aḥric wis ukuz neɣ aneggaru nexdem deg-s tasleḍt tasnilsit i yeḍrisen n tɣamsa idnewwi si tilizri tis 04 akked radyu tis snat d radyu n Tizi Uzzu,ama deg ayen yaƐnan amawal,taseddast,tasnalɣit. Di tesleḍt n umawal newwi- d ɣef wawalen ireṭṭalen d imaynuten, ireṭṭalen-agi,sexdamen kra xas ma llan di tutlayt-nneɣ. A walen idd- reḍlen si tutlayt n taƐrabt: I neɣmasen n tilizri tis 04 wwin-d aṭas n wawalen si tutlayt n taƐrabt add-nefk kra n imedyaten: • Leqwanen. • nniḍam. • Lḥukuma. • Lufaq. • Mraḥba. Awalen id-reḍlen si tutlayt tafransist : • Yesstenya


text:
Yugerten
Yugerten neɣ Yugurten (Jugurtha s tlaṭinit) yella d agellid n Numidya seg ussegwas 113 armi d 104 send n Ɛisa.
Armi tgeldit n jeddi-s Masnsen , aḥric ameqran n imezdaɣen n Numidia llan ttɛicin s tafellaḥt, s wayagi ttemxallafen ɣef Imaziɣen-nniḍen ur nettissin ara taflaḥt imi ɛacen s tameksa in lmal. Masnsen ixelq-ed yiwet n tagelda (tajumma-s azal n Ledzayer n tura) akk-d yuɣal-ed d amdakkel n Roma deg 206 UL (uqbel n lweqt-nneɣ). Mbaɛd ma yemmut, yettwaxellf-ed s mmi-s Misipsa. Yugerten yella d aɣerfan gar lɣaci n tmurt-is, akter anagar n Misipsa, ɣef wagi aneggaru agi iceggeɛ Yugerten ɣef Hispania (isem i fkan Irumaniyen i Spanya deg lweqt-nni).
Misipsa ikcem-it weɣbal imi ma ikemmel akka yezmer ad yuɣal d agellid mbeɛd lmut-is; deg lewqam n Misipsa d arraw-is ara a t-id-ixlefen.
Misipsa ur yesɛi zhar imi taɣerfant n Yugurten ternu akter ayen tella asmi yella deg tmurt; deg Hispania Yugerten, d amnay ifazen tizya-s, yerbeḥ lmeḥibba n kra n yemdanen yesɛan ccan deg Roma. Deg asutel n Numantia iqeddc-ed s lǧehd lwahid Gaius Marius anda yeẓra agufsu n Irumaniyen. Qqaren belli yenna-d ɣef Roma belli tella yiwet n “Temdint yerkan, i qqurben ɣef aɣelluy-ines, ara ula d yiwen a-ţ-yeɣ.”[1]
Imi yemut deg 118 Misipsa, igelled azal n 30 iseggasen, yettwaxlef s sin warraw-is Aderbal akw d Hiemsal. Hiemsal akk-d Yugerten imeren kan bdan imenɣi-nsen; Yugurten yenɣa Hiemsal ayagi yebda daɣen yella ssiba n ttrad n Aderbal mgal Yugurten. Imi iwala belli ur yezmir ara ad iqabel Yugurten s lɛasker ines Aderbal yerwel ɣer Roma.
Imawalyen n Roma, ahat s ssiba n ugufsu-nsen neɣ s ţideţ bɣan ad fakken s uɣiwel amlasay agi, kecemen garassen, ferqen tamurt ɣef sin; Yugerten igelled ɣef utrim n tamurt, Aderbal ɣef ccerq. (iseggassen mbeɛ tazniwt n Roma teberreh belli tama n Yugerten tella axir n tama n Aderbal, teccur s lekyasa, lemeɛna is sin llan s drus n lɣaci akk-d drus n lerzaq)
Deg 112 Yugurten yerna ttrad ines mgal Aderbal, lameɛna deg tikkelt agi yesker-ed urrif n Roma ɣef yiman-is axaṭer yenɣa kra n Irumiyen i llan ttɛwanen Aderbal. Mbeɛd kra n imenɣi mgal Roma, Yugurten isselm-ed yiman-is lameɛna yerbeḥ aglam meqqren; annect agi ibedd ccek ameqran deg lweqt-nni, s tikkelt tajdidt, mgal ugufsu n imawalyen n Roma akkd Yugurten.
Useqqamu ameqran n Roma, s timelwi n aɛdaw-is Gaius Memmius, illuɛad ɣef amenzad adigan n lɛesker-is deg Tafriqt n ugafa ad yuɣal ɣer Roma i wakken ad iɛeddi di ccreɛ. Jugurten daɣen yemsaffar-ed ɣef Roma anda lɛeqliya tamekridt ines tban-ed ɣef lɣaci merra.
Imenɣi kkren-ed gar Numidia akk-d Amenkud Arumani; aneggaru agi icegɛ-ed aṭas n lɛesker ɣef Tafriqt n ugafa seddaw timelwi n l consul Quintus Caecilius Metellus.
Imenɣi mgal Yugurten dumen kra n iseggasen mbla lexsara tameqrant n Yugurten; ɣef wagi Useqqamu ameqran n Roma yextar Marius, aɛeskri n Metellus, ad yelli d lconsul amaynut deg Tafriqt ad ikemmel ttrad agi.
Marius yella d aɛdaw iwaɛren aṭas imi yenɣa ayen yella deg webrid-is. Marius icegɛ-ed amarag-is Lucius Cornelius Sulla ɣer Bukus I, agellid n Mauretania', s talilt n Bukus i-t-ixedɛen Yugurten yettwaṭṭef ger iffasen n Sula.
Yugurten yeqqim deg Lḥebs n Tullianum, deg temdint n Roma, 6 wussan armi yemut si fad akk-d d laz.
Amezruy n imenɣi n Yugerten llan deg yiwen n tektabt s tutlayt Talatinit iwumi qqaren “De Bello Iugurthino” imenɣi n Yugerten.
Tazmilt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ « Urbem venalem et mature perituram, si emptorem invenerit. »
tazniwt = propagande
aglam = privilege
Amenzad = commandant
Iseddagen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- De Bello Iugurthino (s tefransist)


text:
Yiwen yeɣra tafelsafit, wayeḍ yeɣra lmusiqa, dduklen d atmaten, d tiwizi i ccna atrar s teqbaylit , Belɛid Ḥuri d gma-s Tahar, si zik i d-bdan tikli s trebbuyaɛ i ten-yezzuznen di Temẓi am“Isulas d Terbaɛt Tillawt d wi xedmen di 1994, seg wecrured ɣer tikli, s rruḥ n ccnawi n iseggasen n sebɛin d iɣallen n inaẓuren n tmurt n leqbayel, rran-d deg-naɣ rruḥ, akken i d-aɣ-yettruḥ, yal imi ara d-tezzi tefsut!
Aɣmis n imaziɣen: Di tazwara, tikti-yagi n watamaten Ḥuri maci kan d lebɣi n ccna d atamaten maɛna ad aɣ-terr alma d iseggasen n sebɛin asmi ftint trebbuyaɛ n ccna atrar s teqbaylit , d acu i d isewi nnwen seg waya?
Belɛid Ḥuri *: D ayen yessefraḥen imi ara tcennuḍ d gma-k, nettemlil di yal leqdic n yidels, d taklut neɣ d lmusiqa, maɛna nettemlil-d ugar akken ad d-neslal kra n isefra neɣ kra n lmusiqa, ayen irennun sser ak i waya imi aṭas n leḥwayeǧ i ɣ-yesduklen di lmusiqa, i sin nḥemmel ad nsel i tejga n lmusiqa n teqbaylit n iseggasen n sebɛin : Ferḥat, Yidir, Meksa, Ǧamel Ɛellam, Ɛeṣṣam Mulud, Crif Xeddam d waṭas n icennayen nniḍen. D ayen i ɣ-yeǧǧan ad naẓ ɣer zdat, ad d-nefk ayen ak i wumi nezmer, d tidet ur yeshil ara fell-aɣ, maɛna imi ara teḥsuḍ belli ad tawiḍ kra i ccna n teqbaylit yečča lmal yefreh bab-is !.
Imi ara nsell i tezlatin-nnwen, ad nḥuss belli teddukelm-asent am twizi ama deg yimeslayen, ama d lmusiqa, ama d timsal ɣef tecnam d inaẓuren ukud txedmem, d acu i d lfayda n wannect-a i watmaten Ḥuri d ccna n teqbaylit s umata?
Tesɛiḍ lḥeqq imi i d-temmeslayeḍ ɣef twizi, asidi-yagi yis-s i nɣellet lxedma n wacḥal d iseggasen-aya, di kulci, deg yimeslayen, di lmusiqa, deg utewwel-ines, si tama nneɣ, sakin nessawel i terbaɛt-agi i ixedmen yid-naɣ azal n wagur, dɣa d tagnit ad ten-cekkereɣ yiwen yiwen (Samir Sebban, Muḥend Waɛli Keẓẓar, Yuva Sid, Mulud Nayt Ɛli, karim, Lyes, Naduc, Ḥayat…)
D asidi-nnwen amazwaru, maɛna iban belli si zik i wen-tella ccna deg ul, taddart-nnwen « Lemṣella » neɣ tamnaṭ-nnwen s umata d dduḥ n ccna atrar si zik, mmeslayeɣ-d cwiṭ ɣef umecwar d-telḥam ɣer ass-a n wussan.
« Lmut n tefsut » maci d lxedma tamezwarut i « Watmaten Ḥuri » les frères Houri », lliɣ d aɛeggal n terbaɛt Tillawt, nessufeɣ-d asidi di 1994 « Imawlan-is », i wumi yura Tahar-nneɣ imeslayen, necna sya usya , nettlemmim d yeḥbiben, di tesnawit, sakin di Bumerdes d Lezzayer tamannaɣt, imi din i ɣriɣ lmusiqa, syin i d-ffɣeɣ d aselmad n lmusiqa, ma yella d Gma, Tahar, yeɣra tafelsafit di Lezzayer, d ayemmi i s-yessen i usefru… Yewweḍ-d lweqt , nessufeɣ-d asidi-yagi nneɣ, 100% d taqbaylit, d nekni i tt-yebɣan akka, amer ɣ-yehwi, yeshel fell-aɣ ad t-id-nessufeɣ di Franṣa ak d kra n yemdukal d inaẓuren, maci menwala ad t-idtṣaḥ ad ixdem d yiwen akka am Yuba Sid neɣ am Mulud Nayt Ɛli, zewren mliḥ, daya ɣef nuda, rnan rruḥ-nni n teqbaylit, dɣa nessemlal tamurt n leqbayel d tmura n medden..
Tfernem a terrem tajmilt i kra inazuren yecban isulas, d imeɣrasen n tmurt ama d wid n tefsut ama d wid nniḍen, yerna tessufɣem-d asidi nnwen di tefsut, d acu i d azamul n waya ɣer-wen?
« Lmut n tefsut » d tizlit taneggarut ssulin watmaten Ḥuri, di tagara n yebrir n useggas iɛeddan, d tunḍict i yiwen ilemẓi n taddart-nneɣ , Mezyac Xaled i t-teccelqef tmettant di tefsut n , tamettant-is teskew ak ifadden n at taddart-nneɣ d widen i t-yessnen , tusa-d tezlit-a di din, amzun iɛawed-d Xaled talalit di tefsut, asidi-yagi nbudd-it daɣen i Saɛid Ḥamel, d ilemzi nniḍen n taddart-nneɣ, i Kamel Irnaten et Nur uld Ɛmara d imeɣrasen merra n tefsut n 2001 . « Lmut n Tefsut » d azwel, yusa-d weḥd-s, dɣa yella d azwel, imi tamurt n leqbayel aṭas n tfeswin i tmuger…. Nɛawed i tezlit ‘Dadda Lwali » nesmekta-d yis-s tarbaɛt Isulas i ɣ-yezzuznen di temẓi, dɣa ad ncekker ayendin Sekkat Muḥemmed i ɣ-yefkan ttesriḥ ad s-nɛawed. Ma yella d asidi akken ma yella d tamacahut, nniqal nɛewwel ad d-yeffeɣ di Furar iɛeddan, sakin teɣli-d tmettant n Crif Xeddam, dɣa rrzen-aɣ ifadden am medden merra, nesɛedda-yas cwiṭ, tetbeɛ-d tizi n wedfel, ur ɣ-yefki ara wul-nneɣ ad t-id-nessufeɣ, maci wa yeqqar tenger, wa yeqqar acḥal d-teǧǧiḍ ! Dɣa imi d « Lmut n tefsut » nessufeɣ-it-id di tefsut, akken ad tɛawed talalit…
D ayen i nessaram..
Am wass-a…
testeqsa-t Zira


text:
Issqerv rhar… Akud d idv n unebdu (l’été)… Taziri dug ammas n ujenna. Ad tzvared tisegneft (tisismi)! Dcar issghed! qqao imzdagh gin sin n tfassin n yidves… Maca Mmuh upu. Aqat’ dug zzarg tittvawin ghar «Ifrasen», igeffedv xf ighiren, tajwijt tuger ghar teghrutv ioewwer xf ci! ittvef abrid ghar wurti. Mkur ass itrah din ci n krad n twaratin : ag tguri n tfuyt, zi ghad yemmukru, itedwar (itaghul) oawed ghar tmeddit ad issessu tisukla d rxudvart!
Maca s y idv? Min din tca d ig? Yak labas? min d as imsaren? Ad taf iywyas d arrebi ila ittu ur issessu ci! Nigh yugi ad xas yikk yidves, yufa taziri tuca tifawt, uxa tca d irah ad d ixdem cwayt acar d tmurt d tsukla…
Maca raja! i tejwijt immi? manaya issaggûd! Min snnen tarwa n dcar x oizi Hmmu issardaf tarjajjayt ar wur! Zug ami idja netta d amghanen. Taghennant ikarz it! Ur ituggêd, ur issin umi qqaren apap zi gh ad taf utci amenni!… maca oawd gi tidet, war ghares b umeddukel, iqqar it waxxa gi babas (amux qqaren imezgura).
Iqqar ay wur inu belli din ci! Ci ghares gi tqeyyuot. tikri ya ifsusuen d unadur iqeshen; ghar zzat s rxezrat iqqsen; u tedji bu n labas! ur itexzir la amya, la amyin! ur ikemmez deg iri wala di twarna.
Ahda! maca ttugh u da kum nnigh ij uneghmis: Idvennatv nnan ay aqa hed itett/ikessi tazart zeg urti n oizi Mmuh! maca ula d ij ur issin mi iteona!
Mkur tifawt, ghar tguri n tfuyt, itaf tazart teqdva zi tzvayart ar ten nnidvn!
Iwa ad taf itrah ad ihdva urti nnes; mara nessen ila urti ines yuru attvas d tazart asegwass a, ad nessen maghar Oizi Mmuh ihettva itkabarv s wur.
Aqat izugwa aghzar amezvyan itgeooad tawrirt itawin ghar urti nnes deg «Ifrasen» yarnu gi tikri , yarnu itmarray (se dépêche) ! Afus afusi ittvef gi tejwijt! wen azermadv itemciyyar zages ar dat d tkarmin (en arrière).
Aqat iwwedv ar wurti! Aqa ci tca dimsar. Ikkes d tajwuijt x teghrutv, ittvf it s sin iffasen… Itxezzar amya d wamyin irezzu ma dizrem ci! Hed itenpezza mani ci! iggur x tfednin, tittvawin bbarquqqint d, tejwijt teoder araq ines jar iffassen ines! tazhzit awarn ten neddven itesra i ci n rhiss ar tzvayart tameqrant! Ioder abeddi ines! iwetteq ifadden d tejwijt, issiri tamsmirt n uqartvas.
A wap!! min izvar amya?! yak utci d memmis i den snnej (nnig) i tseklut n tazart? Ur ines issent iccat s jjhed… Mux das gha yeg, mux u si tegg? ikmez gi tmejjartv! isseqsa x wi din. Yarr d xas s tarjajjayt Memmis: d nne c a baba!
Issent memmis itemrusd zi tzvayart. Du gammas n huggu oizi Mmuh ira (tugha) iniyyec: Qqim din a memmi ruxa turi-turi
.. Ghar tifawt ij n uneghmis issent itsara gi dcar. Memmis n oizi Mmuh yufu d immut g «Ifrasen».
[u][i]Yura t: Saoid Abarnus (Targist)
tawiza[/i][/u]