text: Kabyle(i) 1 Kkset seg ulawen-nwen cceṛ, tiḥila, tismin; ur seɛɛut ara sin wudmawen, ur țmeslayet ara ayen n diri ɣef wiyaḍ. 2 Am llufan illuẓen ayefki n yemma-s, nadit ula d kunwi aț-țeṛwum awal n Sidi Ṛebbi iwakken aț-țimɣuṛem, aț-tețțuselkem, 3 ma yella tjeṛbem acḥal yelha Sidi Ṛebbi! 4 Qeṛṛbet ɣuṛ-es nețța yellan d-azṛu nni yeddren i ḍeggṛen yemdanen, meɛna Sidi Ṛebbi ixtaṛ-it, axaṭer azal-is meqqeṛ. 5 Ula d kunwi yellan am izṛa yeddren, dduklet iwakken ad ibedd wexxam i deg ara izdeɣ Ṛṛuḥ n Sidi Ṛebbi. Aț-țilim ț-țajmaɛt n lmuqedmin ara iqeddmen s yisem n Ssid-nneɣ Ɛisa Lmasiḥ, iseflawen iqedsen ara iɛeǧben i Sidi Ṛebbi. 6 Axaṭer atan wayen yuran di tira iqedsen : Xtaṛeɣ-ed azṛu+ yesɛan azal d ameqqran+, sserseɣ-t deg udrar n Siyun,+ d nețța i geṭṭfen lebni,+ win ara yamnen yis ur ineddem ara.+ 7 Amarezg-nwen kunwi yumnen yis. Ma d wid ur numin ara : Adɣaɣ-nni ḍeggṛen wid ibennun,+ d nețța i guɣalen d azṛu alemmas,+ Win yeṭṭfen lebni. + 8 D wagi i d azṛu + i guɣalen d ugur i yemdanen, + d azṛu i ten-isseɣlayen+ . Imi ugin ad amnen s wawal n Sidi Ṛebbi, ayen i ten-ițṛaǧun d ugur-agi ara ten-iɣeḍlen. 9 Kunwi d arraw n laṣel ițwaxtaṛen, d lmuqedmin n ugellid, d lǧens iṣfan, d agdud i d-ițwacefɛen. Tețwaxtaṛem iwakken aț-țbecṛem lecɣal yelhan n Sidi Ṛebbi, i kkun-id issufɣen si ṭṭlam yewwi-kkun-id ɣer tafat-is isteɛǧiben. 10 Zik-nni ur tewwiḍem ara ula d lǧens, ma ț-țura tuɣalem d agdud n Sidi Ṛebbi; tellam zik-nni ur tesɛim ara ṛṛeḥma n Sidi Ṛebbi ma ț-țura tețțunefk-awen-d. 11 A wid eɛzizen! Kunwi yellan d ibeṛṛaniyen, d imsebriden di ddunit a kkun-nhuɣ aț-țettixṛem i lebɣi n tnefsit i gețnaɣen d ṛṛuḥ-nwen. 12 Sɛut tikli ilhan ger wid ur nessin ara Sidi Ṛebbi, iwakken ɣas a d-skidben fell-awen, neɣ xedmen awen cceṛ; m' ara walin lecɣal-nwen ilhan ad ḥemden Sidi Ṛebbi asm' ara d-yerzu ɣuṛ-sen. 13 Ɣef ddemma n Sidi Ṛebbi qadṛet wid iḥekmen. Qadṛet agellid imi d nețța i gḥekmen, 14 qadṛet ineɣlafen-is imi d nețța i ten-isbedden iwakken ad ɛaqben imcumen, ad cekkṛen wid i gțeddun s lḥeqq. 15 Xedmet ayen yelhan iwakken aț-țerrem takmamt i imejhal ur nefhim; d wagi i d lebɣi n Sidi Ṛebbi. 16 Ilit d ilelliyen, meɛna ur ssexdamet ara tilelli-nwen iwakken aț-țɣummem cceṛ i txeddmem, ilit d iqeddacen n Sidi Ṛebbi. 17 Qadṛet imdanen meṛṛa; ḥemmlet atmaten nwen, ḍuɛet Sidi Ṛebbi, qadṛet agellid. 18 Ay iqeddacen! Ilaq aț-qadṛem imɛellmen nwen, aɣet-asen awal ama i wid ilhan ḥninen, ama i wid iweɛṛen. 19 D ayen ilhan i win iṣebbṛen m' ara iɛeddi fell-as lbaṭel ilmend n ṭṭaɛa n Sidi Ṛebbi. 20 Ma tețwaɛaqbem imi txedmem kra n diri, ma tṣebṛem i wannect-agi, anwa ara kkun-icekkṛen ? Meɛna ma iɛedda fell-awen lbaṭel, mi txedmem ayen yelhan, tṣebṛem, d ayen yelhan ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi. 21 Ɣer wannect-agi i wen-d-issawel Sidi Ṛebbi, axaṭer Lmasiḥ s yiman-is inneɛtab fell-awen, iǧǧa-yawen-d lemtel iwakken aț țeddum di lateṛ-is. 22 Nețța ur nednib, leɛmeṛ ur d-iffiɣ lekdeb seg imi-s. 23 Nețța ițwaregmen ur d-yerri rregmat, qehṛen-t ur d-irfid afus-is ɣer yiwen; lameɛna yerra kullec ger ifassen n win i gḥekmen s lḥeqq. 24 Nețța i gɛebban ddnubat-nneɣ, ițwasemmeṛ ɣef wumidag iwakken a nili am wid yemmuten ɣef wayen yeɛnan ddnub axaṭer ddnub ur isɛi ara tazmert ɣef wid immuten. S wakka, tura ur nețɛici ara di ddnub meɛna di lḥeqq, akken yura : Di leǧruḥ-is i tufam ḥellu. + 25 Zik tellam am ulli iɛeṛqen, ma ț-țura, tuɣalem ɣer umeksa ițɛassan ɣef teṛwiḥin-nwen.


c: text/html

text:
Taflest, akken i s-qqaren watmaten-nneɣ imucaɣ (twareg), neɣ Liman deg Illu, d laman deg-s s yiman-is d wayen akk ixeddem. Taflest d azal n wul.
Ad nini ihi, taflest n wul. Amakken d nettat I d tinettit n wemdan yumnen yesɛan lettkal deg Illu-ines.
Taflest d ttbut yellan deg ul. Mačči d kra n tmusni izaden. Mačči daɣen d axeyyel n kra n lumuṛ ur nettissin.
Lamaɛna taflest d azarag-nni n tafat icceɛcɛen deg ul, yessaɣ tafat, d ttbut i terwiht s lekmal-is . Ama d rruḥ, neɣ d ixemmimen ama d ul ama d taɣzint d leɛqel. D ṭṭmana n terwiht.
Tafat-agi icceɛcɛen deg ul, tekka-d si temlilit ger wemdan d win i t-id-ixelqen. D timlilit n terwiht aked win akken yellan d lɛinṣar, d aɣbalu, n yal tudert.
Netta d win yellan! Akken i s-semman imezwura-nneɣ "Imaziɣen": Illu. Anamek-is d win akken yellan.
Nezmer ad nini s wawal nniḍen, d netta yakan i d aɣbalu n teflest. Acku d netta ara tt-yeẓẓun deg ulawen. D netta diɣent ara tt-yesswen ara tt-yesǧuǧgen iwakken ad tegmu.
S wudem n Tira Iqedsen, Adlis n Tira, a nefhem taflest am akken d allal neɣ ttawil i yis yeqbel wul n wemdan tarzeft n leslak d yekkan sɣur Yillu. Akka ara d tbin temlilit ger wemdan d win i s-d-ifkan asuref d laɛfu.
Ad nini ihi d taflest di Rebbi, Illu yeddren, netta d yefkan leslak, s wesfel n Lmasiḥ.
Isbed lemɛahda i leslak n kra n win ara yamnen ara yesɛun laman deg usfel n Lmasiḥ.
Asfel n Lmasiḥ d ḥeggu-ines si ger lmegtin, d sin wazalen i ɣef tbedd teflest. Imi d taflest i leslak. Tudert n wemdan, asirem-is, d ayen icudden ɣer teflest.
D taflest i tudert. Tudert yesɛan anamek d usirem !

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


text: Song: love birds Film: anbE vA Notes: s r2 g3 m1 p d2 n3 S love birds love birds p pd p pg p pnd p pg thaka dhimi thA p m g r s endra thALaTHil vA n. s r r r r gmd thaka dhimi thA pdp mpm gmg rgr s kAdhil mella kAdhal solla p dn d dm p dnSnRS nd p chA chA chA chA chA andha kAlam vandhAchA S n d p d d n S n d p d S n d p d dn nR S n d p p Stanza: kaNNai thottu nenjai thottu peNNai thottadhu Asai d d S S d d S S d d S S S SR Rn Asai kanavil yArO pAda kAtril vandhathu Osai dd n n n d d n n d d n n n nSS endrum illAmal ennOdu ondrum sollAmal d d d d dS m p d p g s p p O..rA..yiram kELvigaL kEt...padhenna nS nSn dp pd mpmgrrg gmpgmgr s s


text:
Mark Zuckerberg
Mark Elliot Zuckerberg ilul ass n 14 mayu deg Dobbs Ferry (tamnaḍt n Westcher I d-yezgan deg New York), seg yiwet n twacult tuwdayt tamarikanit, imawlan-is i sin yid-sen d imejjayen, gma-s mazal-it deg tseddawit n Harvard. D asenselkam (informaticien), yerna d aɣella n tkebbanit (chef d’entreprise), d netta daɣen i yeṭṭfen amkan ameqqran deg usmel n Internet n uẓeṭṭa imetti n Facebook.
Ela ḥsab n umsizwer n Forbes 2008 n seayat timeqqranin n umaḍal, seaya n Mark Zuckerberg tewweḍ ɣer 1,5 imelyaren idularen. 23 iseggasen deg leemer-is, yewwi azwel (titre) n ilemẓi amerkanti yakk deg umaḍal.
Imi yella d anelmad deg tesdawit n Havard, tusa-yas-d tikti ad d-yesker yiwen uẓeṭṭa imetti I yinelmaden, dɣa yessihel-d (programmer) deg texxamt-is taseddawit talɣa tamenzut n Facebook, i d-yessuffeɣ deg useggas n 2004. Cciea yewwi-tt imir-nni yakan ɣur inelmaden n tseddawit, dɣa drus kan akka n wakud sseqdacen-t iɣerbazen nniḍen, send (uqbel) ad d-yeffeɣ i medden irkelli. Deg 2007, Facebook yuɣal d asmel wis-7 ɣer wacu i d-rezzun medden s tuget, dɣa takebbanit tessaweḍ ɣer 15 imelyaren idularen. Mark Zuckerberg ɣur-s 20% deg imuren n tkebbanit.
Ela ḥsab n uɣmis n Wall Street, deg mayu 2009, yiwen imsefti arusi yessumer-d (proposer) 200 imelyan idularen I waken ad yessiweḍ ihri (capital) n tkebbanit ɣer 10 imelyaren idularen, dacu kan yecreḍ ad yeseu amkan deg usqamu n tedbelt (conseil d’administration). Maca Mark Zuckerberg yugi, acku netta yenna ur iqebbel ala isumar ara s-d-yernun deg cciea i uẓeṭṭa-ines imetti.
Deg umsizwer n yimdanen i yesean afud deg umaḍal, i texdem tesɣunt Time deg 2008, yewwi amkan wis-52.


text:
1
Mi gfukk ta?allit, Sidna Ɛisa yekker iṛuḥ nețța d inelmaden is, zegren iɣzer n Sidṛun. Dinna tella yiwet n tmazirt kecmen ɣuṛ-es.
2
Yudas ara t-ixedɛen yessen mliḥ amkan-nni, axaṭer Sidna Ɛisa yennum ițṛuḥu ɣer dinna nețța d inelmaden-is.
3
Yudas yewwi-d yid-es tarbaɛt n lɛeskeṛ akk-d iɛessasen n lǧameɛ; ceggɛen-ten-id lmuqedmin imeqqranen d ifariziyen, wwḍen-d ɣer tmazirt-nni. Wwin-d yid-sen tiftilin, isufa akk-d leslaḥ.
4
Sidna Ɛisa yeẓran akk ayen ara yedṛun yid-es, iqeṛṛeb ɣuṛ-sen yenna yasen : ?ef wanwa i tețnadim ?
5
Nutni rran-as : Nețnadi ɣef Ɛisa anaṣari! Sidna Ɛisa yenna-yasen : D nekkini. Yudas, win akken ara t-ixedɛen yuɣ-it lḥal gar-asen.
6
Imi i sen-yenna Sidna Ɛisa « d nekkini », uɣalen akk ɣer deffir, ɣlin ɣer lqaɛa.
7
Sidna Ɛisa yesteqsa-ten daɣen yenna : ?ef wanwa i tețnadim ? Nutni rran-as : ?ef Ɛisa anaṣari!
8
Sidna Ɛisa yerna yenna-yasen : Nniɣ-awen-d d nekk! Ma d nekk i ɣef tețnadim, ǧǧet widak-agi ad ṛuḥen.
9
Akka i gedṛa wawal-nni i d yenna yakan : « Ur sruḥeɣ ula d yiwen seg widak i yi-d-tefkiḍ. »
10
Semɛun Buṭrus yejbed-ed ajenwi, yewwet yis aqeddac n lmuqeddem ameqqran, igzem-as ame??uɣ ayeffus. Aqeddac-agi isem-is Maṛxus.
11
Sidna Ɛisa yenna i Buṭrus : Err ajenwi-inek ɣer titar-is (teɣlaft-is). Eɛni ur ilaq ara ad sweɣ taqbuct n leɛtab i yi-d-yefka Baba ?
12
Lɛeskeṛ akk-d iɛessasen n lǧameɛ ṭṭfen Sidna Ɛisa,
13
wwin-t yețwarez ɣer wexxam n ?anna aḍeggal n Kayef yellan d lmuqeddem ameqqran aseggas-nni.
14
Kayef d win akken i sen-yennan i wat Isṛail : « Axiṛ ad immet yiwen kan ɣef lumma.»
15
Semɛun Buṭrus, nețța d yiwen unelmad nniḍen tebɛen Sidna Ɛisa. Anelmad-agi yessen lmuqeddem ameqqran s yiman-is; itbeɛ Sidna Ɛisa mi t-wwin ɣer wefrag n wexxam n lmuqeddem ameqqran,
16
ma d Buṭrus yeqqim di beṛṛa ɣer tama n tewwurt. Anelmad-nni yessnen lmuqeddem ameqqran yuɣal yeffeɣ ed, yehdeṛ-as i tɛessast n tewwurt, dɣa tessekcem Buṭrus.
17
Taqeddact-nni yețɛassan tawwurt, tenna i Buṭrus : Ur telliḍ ara ula d kečč seg inelmaden n wergaz-agi ? Buṭrus yerra-yas : Xaṭi, ur lliɣ ara seg-sen!
18
Iqeddacen akk-d iɛessasen ceɛlen times di lkanun, zzin-as iwakken ad sseḥmun axaṭer d asemmiḍ. Buṭrus iqeṛṛeb ɣuṛ-sen ad yeẓẓiẓen ( ad isseḥmu) ula d nețța.
19
Lmuqeddem ameqqran yebda yesteqsay Sidna Ɛisa ɣef wayen yeɛnan inelmaden-is d uselmed-ines.
20
Sidna Ɛisa yenna-yas : Hedṛeɣ ɛinani zdat lɣaci, slemdeɣ di leǧwameɛ n wat Isṛail, slemdeɣ daɣen deg wefrag n lǧameɛ iqedsen anda i gețnejmaɛ lɣaci, ur hdiṛeɣ ara s tuffra.
21
Iwacu i yi testeqsayeḍ ? Steqsi widak i yi-slan amek i sen-hedṛeɣ, nutni ẓran akk ayen i d-nniɣ.
22
Mi d-yenna ayagi, yiwen uɛessas yellan zdat-es, yewwet it s useṛfiq, yenna-yas : Akka ara d-thedṛeḍ i lmuqeddem ameqqran ?
23
Sidna Ɛisa yenna-yas : Ma nniɣ-ed ayen ixesṛen, ini yi-d d acu-t; ma yella ț-țideț i d nniɣ, acuɣeṛ i yi-tewteḍ ?
24
Imiren ?anna iceggeɛ Sidna Ɛisa yețwarez ɣer Kayef, lmuqeddem ameqqran.
25
Semɛun Buṭrus mazal-it yeqqim yeẓẓiẓin deg wemkan-nni, iluɛa-t-id yiwen yenna-yas : I kečč, ur telliḍ ara d yiwen seg inelmaden n wergaz-agi ? Buṭrus inkeṛ yenna-yas : Xaṭi, ur lliɣ ara seg-sen!
26
Yiwen seg iqeddacen n lmuqeddem ameqqran, yețțilin i win akken iwumi yegzem Semɛun Buṭrus ame??uɣ, iwehha-d ɣuṛ-es yenna-yas : Ur k-ẓriɣ ara yid-es di tmazirt ?
27
Lameɛna Buṭrus yenkeṛ daɣen. Imiren kan iskkuɛ uyaziḍ.
28
Mi d-ffɣen s ɣuṛ Kayef, lecyux n wat Isṛail wwin Sidna Ɛisa ɣer lḥakem Bilaṭus; yuɣ lḥal d lefjer. Wid i t-yewwin ur kcimen ara ɣer daxel n lbeṛj (sṛaya) n Bilaṭus, iwakken ad qqimen d izedganen m'ara ččen imensi n lɛid n Tfaska.
29
Daymi i d-iffeɣ ɣuṛ-sen Bilaṭus, yesteqsa-ten yenna : D acu i gexdem wergaz-agi ?
30
Rran-as : Lemmer ur yexdim ara ayen n diri, tili ur k-t-id-nețțawi ara.
31
Bilaṭus yenna-yasen : Atan ɣuṛ-wen, ḥekmet fell-as s ccariɛa-nwen! Nutni nnan-as : Nukni ur nezmir ara a neḥkem ɣef yiwen s lmut!
32
Ayagi, iwakken ad yedṛu wayen i d-yenna Sidna Ɛisa ɣef lmut i t-yețṛaǧun.
33
Bilaṭus yekcem ɣer wexxam n ccṛeɛ akken ad icaṛeɛ Sidna Ɛisa; yesteqsa-t, yenna-yas : D kečč i d agellid n wat Isṛail ?
34
Sidna Ɛisa yerra-yas : Yella win i k-t-id-yennan neɣ d kečč i t-id-yennan s yiman-ik ?
35
Bilaṭus yerra-yas : Tḥesbeḍ-iyi n wat Isṛail nekkini ? D lmuqedmin imeqqranen d wat n tmurt-ik i k-id-yewwin ɣuṛ-i! D acu i txedmeḍ ?
36
Sidna Ɛisa yerra-yas : Tagelda-w mačči n ddunit-agi. Lemmer tagelda-w n ddunit-agi tili iqeddacen-iw nnuɣen akken ur d-ɣelliɣ ara ger ifassen n imeqqranen n wat Isṛail. S tideț tagelda-w mačči n dagi.
37
Bilaṭus yenna-yas : Ihi d agellid i telliḍ ? Sidna Ɛisa yerra-yas : Tenniḍ-t-id s yiman-ik, d agellid i lliɣ! Luleɣ-d yerna usiɣ-ed ɣer ddunit-agi akken a d-cehdeɣ ɣef tideț. Win iḥemmlen tideț, yesmeḥsis i wayen i d-qqaṛeɣ.
38
Bilaṭus yenna-yas : D acu i ț-țideț ? Mi s-d-yenna ayagi, Bilaṭus yuɣal ɣer wat Isṛail yenna-yasen : Nekk, ur ufiɣ ara sebba s wayes ara ḥekmeɣ ɣef wergaz-agi.
39
Meɛna akken i tella lɛadda, di mkul lɛid n Tfaska țserriḥeɣ-awen-d i yiwen umeḥbus; tebɣam ihi a d-serrḥeɣ i ugellid n wat Isṛail ?
40
Dɣa nutni bdan țɛeggiḍen, qqaṛen : Ala! Ur as-d-țserriḥ ara i nețța! Serreḥ-ed i Baṛabas! Baṛabas-agi, d argaz bu tmegṛaḍ.


text:
Mas Vuɛziz At Cebbib d aselway n Umussu n Timanit i Tmurt n Iqvayliyen i ittwasnen s tselfast tafransist MAK (Mouvement pour l’autonomie de la Kabylie). Fernen-t imaslaḍen n umussu-agi deg ugraw wis sin n umussu n tinamit id-illan di dujember 2011 di tama n At Wizgan. Yufrar-ed yagi seg utemmu mas At Cebbib send ad iṭṭef taselwit n Umussu n tinamit acku, tamezwarut illa iqeddec macci d kra. Tis snat iqeddec u iseqdac s teqvaylit. Xarttum awal-is deg inawen d isaragen ines llan-d s teqvaylit. Taqvaylit ittmeslay mas At Cebbib d taqurant. Ur llint deg-s tfawtin n trumit am akken nennum nsel as deg imi n wiyaḍ. Yak ṭaqa seg Iqvayliyen assa ttmeslayen takeryult (créole) imi awal nsen ur ewwiḍ d tafransist ur iqqim d taqvaylit. Γur-s netta taqvaylit d tameslayt s lekmal-is u tezmer ad terfed myal taluft. Yerna isken it-id u iveggen it-id i widak iqqaren “a wah! taqvaylit tewɛer! c’i pas facile!” imi awal-is s teqvaylit d aquran, d azedgan ama deg awalen iqvuren ama deg awalen itraren. S wawal-is aḥmayan, ismekta yaY-d d at zik. At zik-nni iddren, ixedmen u iferrun timsal s teqvaylit. Amzun d tirga! Seg mi yuYal mas At Cebbib d aselway n Umussu n timanit, ur ijji takwatt di tmurt nneY. Izga ittazal ar medden netta d imeddukal-is akken ad sqerdcen tamsalt n timanit d Iqvayliyen. Nwala-t di myal tamnaḍt u macci d yiwen daYen iyi-d innan amek issewham medden s tmeslayt-is. LadYa di tegrest-agi n 2011 izrin ur d-lli temnaḍt iḥlajjen kra ur ewwiḍ ara. Âebban ikamyunen netta d imeddukal-is u uragen ar tudrin ittwareglen d tid ixuṣen di lqeḍyan ama d awren d smid, ama zzit, ama ssker d lqehwa. Kra n wayen i wumi izmer Umussu n timanit. S kra n wanida ewweḍ immeslay i medden u itekkes asen lxiq d uYilif imi myal tikkelt iqqar asen: xas adavu azzayri ijja-ken, nekwni aqla-Y da! Xas adavu azzayri d awardan, nekwni nwen! SliY-as ihi macci d tikkelt irfed awal Yef aṭas isentilen. Ur ijji tasertit d timanit ur ikukra amezruy d tatrart. Ur icuḥ i tdamsa ur izzi s waârur i udles. Myal tikkelt s teqvaylit. ZiYen illa wamek ara nemmeslay Yef umezruy d tsertit ay atmaten! Yerna s teqvaylit. S telqayant nni iccuren d sser. D taqvaylit akken i tt-imenna wul, i tt-icehwa lxater! D taqvaylit d wawal! Akka ihi mas At Cebbib izmer-asent. Iẓwer macci d kra. Nek atan, cfu-ken-id, iccur iyi tiṭ. Iteddu ad yerr i teqvaylit ayen is-nekkes s ifassen nneY, ayen is-nugi s timad-nneY: amkan tuklal deg imawen nneY, aḥric tuklal deg imyura nneY. Mas At Cebbib, imi ifka azal i teqvaylit, ifka azal i wid i wumi ittmeslay. Iquder iman-is iquder-iten nutni. Limer ufiY ad ilin irgazen am netta d tiwinas di tmurt nneY. Acku win iran taqvaylit d win is-ifkan udem. Macci kan d win ittsuYun deg ivardan “tamaziYt di lakul” tura ma illa teqqim kan akka, ilaq ad ttsuYun “tamaziYt di lakul, nekwni di verra!” Tura imi d-llan wid isnen taqvaylit am uselway n Umusu n timanit, ad yili usirem d akken tameslayt nneY ad tt-id yuYal rruḥ, ad tt-tekcem tudart i tt-ifYen. SsarameY kan ad âanden wiyaḍ akken ad imlul wayen iY-d-ittvanen assa verrik. Sɣur M.A.U
Mas Vuɛziz At Cebbib d aselway n Umussu n Timanit i Tmurt n Iqvayliyen i ittwasnen s tselfast tafransist MAK (Mouvement pour l’autonomie de la Kabylie). Fernen-t imaslaḍen n umussu-agi deg ugraw wis sin n umussu n tinamit id-illan di dujember 2011 di tama n At Wizgan.
Yufrar-ed yagi seg utemmu mas At Cebbib send ad iṭṭef taselwit n Umussu n tinamit acku, tamezwarut illa iqeddec macci d kra. Tis snat iqeddec u iseqdac s teqvaylit. Xarttum awal-is deg inawen d isaragen ines llan-d s teqvaylit.
Taqvaylit ittmeslay mas At Cebbib d taqurant. Ur llint deg-s tfawtin n trumit am akken nennum nsel as deg imi n wiyaḍ. Yak ṭaqa seg Iqvayliyen assa ttmeslayen takeryult (créole) imi awal nsen ur ewwiḍ d tafransist ur iqqim d taqvaylit. Γur-s netta taqvaylit d tameslayt s lekmal-is u tezmer ad terfed myal taluft. Yerna isken it-id u iveggen it-id i widak iqqaren “a wah! taqvaylit tewɛer! c’i pas facile!” imi awal-is s teqvaylit d aquran, d azedgan ama deg awalen iqvuren ama deg awalen itraren.
S wawal-is aḥmayan, ismekta yaY-d d at zik. At zik-nni iddren, ixedmen u iferrun timsal s teqvaylit. Amzun d tirga!
Seg mi yuYal mas At Cebbib d aselway n Umussu n timanit, ur ijji takwatt di tmurt nneY. Izga ittazal ar medden netta d imeddukal-is akken ad sqerdcen tamsalt n timanit d Iqvayliyen. Nwala-t di myal tamnaḍt u macci d yiwen daYen iyi-d innan amek issewham medden s tmeslayt-is.
LadYa di tegrest-agi n 2011 izrin ur d-lli temnaḍt iḥlajjen kra ur ewwiḍ ara. Âebban ikamyunen netta d imeddukal-is u uragen ar tudrin ittwareglen d tid ixuṣen di lqeḍyan ama d awren d smid, ama zzit, ama ssker d lqehwa. Kra n wayen i wumi izmer Umussu n timanit. S kra n wanida ewweḍ immeslay i medden u itekkes asen lxiq d uYilif imi myal tikkelt iqqar asen: xas adavu azzayri ijja-ken, nekwni aqla-Y da! Xas adavu azzayri d awardan, nekwni nwen!
SliY-as ihi macci d tikkelt irfed awal Yef aṭas isentilen. Ur ijji tasertit d timanit ur ikukra amezruy d tatrart. Ur icuḥ i tdamsa ur izzi s waârur i udles. Myal tikkelt s teqvaylit. ZiYen illa wamek ara nemmeslay Yef umezruy d tsertit ay atmaten! Yerna s teqvaylit. S telqayant nni iccuren d sser. D taqvaylit akken i tt-imenna wul, i tt-icehwa lxater! D taqvaylit d wawal!
Akka ihi mas At Cebbib izmer-asent. Iẓwer macci d kra. Nek atan, cfu-ken-id, iccur iyi tiṭ. Iteddu ad yerr i teqvaylit ayen is-nekkes s ifassen nneY, ayen is-nugi s timad-nneY: amkan tuklal deg imawen nneY, aḥric tuklal deg imyura nneY. Mas At Cebbib, imi ifka azal i teqvaylit, ifka azal i wid i wumi ittmeslay. Iquder iman-is iquder-iten nutni. Limer ufiY ad ilin irgazen am netta d tiwinas di tmurt nneY. Acku win iran taqvaylit d win is-ifkan udem. Macci kan d win ittsuYun deg ivardan “tamaziYt di lakul” tura ma illa teqqim kan akka, ilaq ad ttsuYun “tamaziYt di lakul, nekwni di verra!”
Tura imi d-llan wid isnen taqvaylit am uselway n Umusu n timanit, ad yili usirem d akken tameslayt nneY ad tt-id yuYal rruḥ, ad tt-tekcem tudart i tt-ifYen. SsarameY kan ad âanden wiyaḍ akken ad imlul wayen iY-d-ittvanen assa verrik.
Sɣur M.A.U


text: Kabyle(i) 1 Nekk yellan d ameqqran n tejmaɛt, i Gayus, f+ eɛzizen fell-i, i ḥemmleɣ s tideț. 2 Ay aḥbib-iw, ssarameɣ ṣṣeḥa-inek bxiṛ i tella, am tikli-inek deg webrid n Sidi Ṛebbi. 3 Feṛḥeɣ aṭas asm'akken i d-usan watmaten, mi d-ḥkan ɣef tideț yellan deg-k, d wamek i teṭṭfeḍ di tideț-agi s wul-ik. 4 Ulac lfeṛḥ ara yecbun m'ara sleɣ s warraw-iw teddun di tideț. 5 A win eɛzizen, d ayen yelhan i txedmeḍ seg wul yeṣfan i watmaten, ɣas d ibeṛṛaniyen i llan; 6 ḥkan-d zdat n tejmaɛt ɣef leḥmala-inek. ayen yelhan daɣen ma terniḍ tɛawneḍ-ten s wayen i tzemreḍ iwakken ad kemmlen abrid-nsen; 7 axaṭer ɣef ddemma n yisem n Lmasiḥ i ṛuḥen, yerna ugin ad qeblen lemɛawna n wid ur numin ara s Sidi Ṛebbi. 8 Ilaq-aɣ ihi a nesṭerḥeb yerna a nɛiwen imdanen yecban wigi, iwakken a nili d iqeddacen ara yemɛawanen yid-sen ɣef ddemma n tideț. 9 Uriɣ kra yimeslayen i tejmaɛt, meɛna Diutrif iḥemmlen ad idebbeṛ ɣef wiyaḍ, yegguma a ɣ-d-iḥess ur aɣ-yeḥsib ara. 10 Daymi m'ara n-aseɣ ɣuṛ-wen a d-sbeggneɣ akk ayen ixeddem! Iheddeṛ fell-aneɣ yir imeslayen akk-d lekdub, ula d atmaten yugi ad yesṭerḥeb yis-sen, wid yebɣan ad sṭerḥben yis-sen, yețțaggi-yasen yerna yessufuɣ-iten si tejmaɛt. 11 Ay aḥbib, ur țɛanad ara wid ixeddmen cceṛ meɛna ɛaned wid ixeddmen lxiṛ. Win ixeddmen ayen yelhan, n Ṛebbi; ma d win ixeddmen cceṛ ur yessin ara Ṛebbi. 12 Ma d Dimitriyus țcekkiṛen-t akk medden, yerna tideț tețban-ed deg-s, ula d nukni nenna-t-id yerna teẓriḍ ayen i d-neqqaṛ ț-țideț. 13 Aṭas i mazal a k-t-id-iniɣ lameɛna ur bɣiɣ ara a k-t-id-aruɣ di tebṛaț. 14 Ssarameɣ qṛib a nemẓer iwakken a nehḍer. 15 Qqim di lehna! Atmaten meṛṛa țsellimen-d fell-ak. Ula d kečč sellem ɣef watmaten akk, mkul yiwen s yisem-is.


text: Kabyle(i) 1 Nekk Semɛun Buṭrus, d aqeddac, d amceggeɛ n Ɛisa Lmasiḥ, i wid akk yesɛan liman am nukni, s lḥeqq n Sidi Ṛebbi Illu-nneɣ akk-d umsellek nneɣ Ɛisa Lmasiḥ. 2 Ṛṛeḥma ț-țalwit a wen-d tețțunefkent s tugeț, s tmusni n Sidi Ṛebbi akk-d Ssid-nneɣ Ɛisa. 3 Tazmert n Sidi Ṛebbi tefka yaɣ-ed ayen akk ilaqen i tudert d ṭṭaɛa; yis i ɣ-d-isbeggen win akken i ɣ-ixtaṛen s ṛṛeḥma-s ț-țmanegt-is. 4 Yis-sent daɣen i ɣ-d-tețțunefkent lemɛahdat yesɛan azal d ameqqran, iwakken s tmanegt-agi-ines akk-d ṛṛeḥma-s, aț-țekkim di lecɣal n Sidi Ṛebbi, aț-țbeɛdem ɣef ṭṭmeɛ ițțawin ɣer lefsad n ddunit. 5 Ɣef ayagi, ǧehdet, ẓewṛet iwakken aț-țernum i liman-nwen tikli yeṣfan, i tikli yeṣfan tamusni; 6 i tmusni rnut ḥekmet deg yiman nwen, ṣebṛet, i ṣṣbeṛ rnut ṭṭaɛa, 7 i ṭṭaɛa tagmaț, i tegmaț leḥmala. 8 Ma yella wannect-agi deg-wen s tugeț, ur tețțilim ara d imeɛdazen, yerna ur tețɣimim ara mbla tamusni n Ssid-nneɣ Ɛisa Lmasiḥ. 9 Ma d win ixuṣṣen deg wannect-agi, am uderɣal isferfuden, ur ițwali ara, ițțu akk ddnubat-is iɛeddan i s-isemmeḥ Sidi Ṛebbi. 10 Ay atmaten, ẓewṛet, sǧehdet iman-nwen deg wannect-agi imi d Sidi Ṛebbi i wen-d-issawlen, d nețța i kkun-ixtaṛen. Ma txedmem ayagi, ur tɣellim ara. 11 S wakka daɣen ara wen-teldi tewwurt iwakken aț-țkecmem ɣer tgeldit ițdumun n Ssid-nneɣ Ɛisa Lmasiḥ, amsellek-nneɣ. 12 A wen-d-țɛawadeɣ dayem annect-agi meṛṛa ɣas akken tesnem tideț-agi yerna teṭṭfem deg-s. 13 Skud mazal-iyi ddreɣ, ilaq-iyi a kkun-nhuɣ iwakken ur tɣeflem ara. 14 Axaṭer ẓriɣ belli qṛib ad ṛuḥeɣ si ddunit-agi, am akken i yi-d-ixebbeṛ Ssid-nneɣ Ɛisa Lmasiḥ; 15 daymi i xeddmeɣ ayen iwumi zemreɣ iwakken ɣas mmuteɣ, a d-temmektim ayen akk i wen slemdeɣ. 16 Mačči ț-țimucuha i wen-d newwi mi i wen-d-neḥka ɣef tezmert n Ssid-nneɣ Ɛisa Lmasiḥ ț-țuɣalin-is, meɛna s wallen-nneɣ i nwala tamanegt-is. 17 Nella yid-es asm' akken i s-d isbeggen Baba Ṛebbi ccan ț-țezmert, asm' akken i d-inṭeq Bab n tmanegt s imeslayen-agi : Wagi d Mmi eɛzizen deg-s i gella lfeṛḥ-iw. 18 Sṣut-agi i d-ikkan seg igenni, nesla-yas s yiman-nneɣ mi nella yid-es deg udrar iqedsen, 19 yerna numen s wayen i ɣ-d xebbṛen lenbiya di tira iqedsen belli ț-țideț; nenha-kkun aț-țerrem ddehn nwen ɣuṛ-sent, axaṭer ț-țaftilt iceɛlen di ṭṭlam alamma yuli wass, alamma ifeǧǧeǧ yitri n ṣṣbeḥ deg ulawen nwen. 20 Uqbel kullec, ẓret belli imeslayen akk i d-nnan lenbiya, yuran di tektabt iqedsen, ur d-kkin ara s ɣuṛ-sen; 21 axaṭeṛ ulac ayen i d-xebbṛen s tmusni-nsen nutni, meɛna s tezmert n Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen i d-nnan imeslayen i d-ikkan s ɣuṛ Sidi Ṛebbi.


text:
Amek ad nẓer tazmert n tidet n tdamsa taɣelnawt ? S PIB-ines [1] d PNB-ines [2] ? Mačči d tidet iṣeḥḥan. PIB n Iwunak Yedduklen yewweḍ ɣer 14,2 ibelyunen [3] n $US, ma d tamurt n Ṭayland tesea anager n 627 imelyaren $US d PIB. Maca ɣas akken, d tadamsa n Ṭayland i yesean tazmert ugar n tdamsa tamarikanit, yerna daɣen tif-itt s waṭas deg tezmert n unegmu. Ihi anwa ameskan asṭaṭiskan i izemren ad ɣ-d-yesken tazmert n tdamsa ? S deffir n tesleḍt, nezmer ad d-nini belli d adeg yeṭṭef weḥric wis-sin (tamguri, abeddel, luzinat) deg tdamsa taɣelnawt. Kra i yeṭṭef weḥric wis-sin ugar n wemkan, kra i tettnerni tdamsa deg tezmert. Aya fessus i tegzi: tudert n weḥric amezwaru (tafellaḥt, asufeɣ n wayen yellan seddaw n tmurt) d weḥric wis-kraḍ (servis, lbiruwat, isallen..) yeqqen nezzeh ɣer weḥric wis-sin. Mebla aḥric wis-sin, azara, nneema, iselman neɣ asɣar ur zmiren ad uɣalen d isufar imeenen, ihi ad qqimen akken d lɣella ur nenfie bab-is. Rnu-as, ma yella aḥric n servis yessaweḍ yella-d deg kra n tama neɣ n tmurt, lmeena-s yella yakan dinna ufares d useqdec n tɣawsiwin. Tella daɣen yiwet n tɣawsa nniḍen ara nerr deg wallaɣ-nneɣ : Anda ma yella weḥric wis-sin yeǧhed, ad naf belli tadukli timettit n yemdanen (tawennaṭ, liḥala n tmeṭṭut..) d tin n yisaduren (sandikat,...) ur ugitent ara s waṭas. Ma neddem-d amedya n Ṭayland, ad naf belli imi sindikat tiɣelnawin timeqranin akked isuḍaf iẓeyyren ulac-iten, tadamsa-ines tettuneḥsab assa, deg 2010, d yiwet seg tid yegman s waṭas deg umaḍal, sdat n tin n Cinwa akked Indunisya. Amzun akken aya ur yeččur ara tiṭ, Ṭayland ur tmennee ara seg usihrew n temdinin-is. Aṭas n yimesdurar (aḥric amezwaru) ara d-iṣubben ɣur-sent, ayen ara yernun anegmu n weḥric wis-sin, ad s-d-yernun ugar n tezmert i tdamsa-nsen taɣelnawt. Ma d Marikan, s kraḍ ɣef kuẓ (3/4) n yemdanen i ixeddmen deg weḥric n servis, mazal tettak tadrimt, i d-tettekkes seg tebzert, i luzinat yebɣan ad beddlen amkan , yerna ar tura ur tefhim ara ead belli tadamsa-ines d yidles-is n uxeddim yessefk ad sen-tales tamuɣli s wadda.
Amek ad nẓer tazmert n tidet n tdamsa taɣelnawt ? S PIB-ines [1] d PNB-ines [2] ? Mačči d tidet iṣeḥḥan. PIB n Iwunak Yedduklen yewweḍ ɣer 14,2 ibelyunen [3] n $US, ma d tamurt n Ṭayland tesea anager n 627 imelyaren $US d PIB. Maca ɣas akken, d tadamsa n Ṭayland i yesean tazmert ugar n tdamsa tamarikanit, yerna daɣen tif-itt s waṭas deg tezmert n unegmu. Ihi anwa ameskan asṭaṭiskan i izemren ad ɣ-d-yesken tazmert n tdamsa ?
S deffir n tesleḍt, nezmer ad d-nini belli d adeg yeṭṭef weḥric wis-sin (tamguri, abeddel, luzinat) deg tdamsa taɣelnawt. Kra i yeṭṭef weḥric wis-sin ugar n wemkan, kra i tettnerni tdamsa deg tezmert. Aya fessus i tegzi: tudert n weḥric amezwaru (tafellaḥt, asufeɣ n wayen yellan seddaw n tmurt) d weḥric wis-kraḍ (servis, lbiruwat, isallen..) yeqqen nezzeh ɣer weḥric wis-sin.
Mebla aḥric wis-sin, azara, nneema, iselman neɣ asɣar ur zmiren ad uɣalen d isufar imeenen, ihi ad qqimen akken d lɣella ur nenfie bab-is. Rnu-as, ma yella aḥric n servis yessaweḍ yella-d deg kra n tama neɣ n tmurt, lmeena-s yella yakan dinna ufares d useqdec n tɣawsiwin.
Tella daɣen yiwet n tɣawsa nniḍen ara nerr deg wallaɣ-nneɣ : Anda ma yella weḥric wis-sin yeǧhed, ad naf belli tadukli timettit n yemdanen (tawennaṭ, liḥala n tmeṭṭut..) d tin n yisaduren (sandikat,...) ur ugitent ara s waṭas. Ma neddem-d amedya n Ṭayland, ad naf belli imi sindikat tiɣelnawin timeqranin akked isuḍaf iẓeyyren ulac-iten, tadamsa-ines tettuneḥsab assa, deg 2010, d yiwet seg tid yegman s waṭas deg umaḍal, sdat n tin n Cinwa akked Indunisya.
Amzun akken aya ur yeččur ara tiṭ, Ṭayland ur tmennee ara seg usihrew n temdinin-is. Aṭas n yimesdurar (aḥric amezwaru) ara d-iṣubben ɣur-sent, ayen ara yernun anegmu n weḥric wis-sin, ad s-d-yernun ugar n tezmert i tdamsa-nsen taɣelnawt.
Ma d Marikan, s kraḍ ɣef kuẓ (3/4) n yemdanen i ixeddmen deg weḥric n servis, mazal tettak tadrimt, i d-tettekkes seg tebzert, i luzinat yebɣan ad beddlen amkan , yerna ar tura ur tefhim ara ead belli tadamsa-ines d yidles-is n uxeddim yessefk ad sen-tales tamuɣli s wadda.


text:
Taqsiṭ tis 46: Leṣwar n Yariḥu
ACU yesseYlin leṣwar-agi n Yariḥu? A s-tiniḍ teṭṭerḍeq lbumba tameqrant di tlemmast-nsen. Lameena di zzman-nni ulac lbumbat, ur sein ula ţ-ţimgeḥlin. Wagi d lbeṛhan nniḍen n Yahwa! Amek i d-yeḍra waya?
Ḥess i wayen yenna Yahwa i Yacuea: ‘Kečč d yergazen meṛṛa yessawḍen i lgirra ṛuḥet aţ-ţezzim i temdint. Zzit-as tikkelt i wass, xedmet annect-a seţţa n wussan. Awit yid-wen asenduq n leeqed. Sebea n lmuqeddmin ad lḥun zdat-es w’ad ssendhen lbuqat-nsen.’
‘Ass wis sebea, a d-tezzim i temdint sebea tikkal. Imiren, ssendhet mliḥ lbuqat-nwen yerna eeggḍet s ṣṣut elayen. DYa leṣwar n temdint ad hudden din din!’
Yacuea d wegdud xedmen akk ayen i sen-yenna Yahwa. M’akken i leḥḥun, ssusmen meṛṛa. Yiwen ur t-id-yuli lmenṭeq. Ala ṣṣut n lbuq d yerkasen-nsen imi sellen. Ahat iedawen n wegdud n Yahwa di Yariḥu tekcem-iten tugdi. Twalaḍ amrar-inna azeggaY i d-yeffYen si ṭṭaq? Menhu i d bab n ṭṭaq-inna? D Raḥab. Raḥab texdem ayen akk i s-nnan sin yexbaṛǧiyen-nni. Tawacult-is meṛṛa tella yid-es zdaxel, ţeassan lwaḥid acu ara yeḍrun.
Γer taggara, deg wass wis sebea, mi d-zzin i temdint sebea tikkal, irgazen ssendhen lbuqat-nsen yerna eeggḍen, dYa Ylin leṣwar-nni. Mbeed, Yacuea yenna: ‘NYet imezdaY meṛṛa, tesserYem tamdint d wayen akk yellan deg-s. Eezlet kan ddheb, lfeṭṭa, nnḥas d wuzzal, terrem-ten s agerruj n uqiḍun n Yahwa.’
Yacuea yenna i sin yexbaṛǧiyen-nni: ‘Ṛuḥet Yer wexxam n Raḥab, ssufYet-ţ-id neţţat ţ-ţwacult-is meṛṛa.’ Raḥab d wexxam-is ţţusellken akken i s-weeden yexbaṛǧiyen-nni.
Yacuea 6:1-25.
Isteqsiyen
- Acu yenna Yahwa i lmuqeddmin d yergazen yessawḍen i lgirra a t-xedmen seţţa wussan?
- Acu i sen-ilaq a t-xedmen ass wis sebea?
- Akken i teţwaliḍ di ţţeswiṛa, acu yeḍran d leṣwar n Yariḥu?
- Acimi i d-ieelleq wemrar azeggaY si ṭṭaq?
- Acu yumeṛ Yacuea i yergazen-nni yessawḍen i lgirra a t-xedmen i temdint d imezdaY-is? Acu yenna diYen Yef lfeṭṭa, ddheb, nnḥas d wuzzal?
- Acu i geţwaḍelben i sin yexbaṛǧiyen-nni a t-xedmen?
Isteqsiyen nniḍen
- Γer Yacuea 6:1-25.
At Isṛayil dewwṛen i temdint n Yariḥu sebea tikkal ass wis sebea. Deg wacu i gcuba wannect-agi aberreḥ n Inagan n Yahwa deg wussan-a ineggura? (Yac. 6:15, 16; Icea. 60:22; Matta 24:14; 1 Kurin. 9:16)
Amek i ḍran imeslayen yuran di Yacuea 6:26 azal n xemsa leqrun mbeed? Acu i Y-isselmad waya Yef wawal n Yahwa? (1 Igel. 16:34; Icea. 55:11)


text: Kabyle(i) 20 Axaṭer Baba-s iḥemmel Mmi-s, yesbeggin-as-d lecɣal-is meṛṛa. Ad as-yernu tazmert s wacu ara yexdem ayen yugaren kra n wayen teẓram ar ass-a, aț-țwehmem di lecɣal-is. 21 Akken Baba Ṛebbi yeskkaray-ed lmegtin ițțarra-yasen tudert, akken daɣen Mmi-s yețțak tudert i win yebɣa. 22 Baba Ṛebbi ur iḥekkem ɣef yiwen, lameɛna yerra lḥekma ger ifassen n Mmi-s 23 iwakken imdanen meṛṛa ad qadṛen Mmi-s akken țqadaṛen Baba-s. Win ur nqudeṛ ara Mmi-s ur iqudeṛ ara Baba-s i t-id iceggɛen. 24 S tideț nniɣ-awen : « kra n win yesmeḥsisen i wawal-iw, yumnen s win i yi-d-iceggɛen yesɛa tudert n dayem yerna ulac fell-as lḥisab, lameɛna iɛedda yakan si lmut ɣer tudert. 25 S tideț nniɣ-awen : « iteddu-d lweqt yerna yewweḍ-ed anda lmegtin ad slen i ṣṣut n Mmi-s n Ṛebbi, yerna wid akk ara s-yeslen ad idiren. 26 Akken yesɛa Baba Ṛebbi tudert deg yiman-is i gefka daɣen i Mmi-s ad yesɛu tudert deg yiman-is. 27 Yerra ger ifassen-is lḥekma imi d Mmi-s n bunadem i gella. 28 Ur țțawhamet ara, axaṭer lweqt iteddu-d, wid akk yellan deg i?ekwan ad slen i ṣṣut n Mmi-s n bunadem, 29 imiren a d-kkren; wid ixedmen lxiṛ a d-ḥyun ɣer tudert n dayem ma d wid ixedmen cceṛ a d-ḥyun iwakken ad țțuḥasben.


text:
Isaac Newton
Newton sir Isaac ilul ass n 25 dujember 1642 di temdint Woolsthorpe (tamurt n Legliz), mi zrin sin wagguren ɣef tmettant n baba-s. Yemma-s Hannah teǧǧa-t i jidda-s ad t-id-tessker.
Newton ikfa taɣuri-ines tamezwarut di Trinity College n Grantham. Deg useggas 1661 ikcem ɣer tesdawit n Cambridge ikemmel taɣuri armi d aseggas 1665 ansa i d-iffeɣ s turagt (licence), aseggas-a i d-teḍra temsalt n tteteffaḥt is-d ildin allen ɣef ujebbud n tfekkiwin (attraction des corps).
Deg useggas 1667 Newton yuɣal d imekki di tesdawit Cambridge. Deg useggas 1666 isnulfa-d asiḍen (calcul). Deg useggas 1669 yuɣ amḍiq d aselmad n tusnakt di tesdawit n Cambridge. Newton yerra aṭas lmendad-is ar tiddit n tafat, deg useggas 1672 Newton yeɛreḍ ad d-yaf tifeɣt n ini (couleur) n tafat, inna-d: “Tafat d asmlili n iẓenẓaren n ini”.
Deg useggas 1686 isnulfa-d tilḥi (dynamique) s lsas n kraḍ ilugan n umussu:
- Amenzay amenzu: Tafekka ur tettmimiḍ ara neɣ amussu-ines ur ittbeddil ara (tazzla-ines), ma illa azal n tmernit n imsedda (somme véctorielle) n tezmert i tt-yeɛnan d ilem.
- Amenzay wis-sin : Lsas n tilḥi
Newton, iqqen timzizzelt (accéleration) n tfekka ɣer tezmert i tt-yeɛnan: F=ma
F : tazmert (N) m : tazsit n tfekka (kg) a: timzizzelt m/s2
- Amenzay wis-kraḍ: Tigawt d tesdmert (action-réaction)
Ma illa tafekka 1 tedemmir tafekka nniḍen 2 s tezmert f1,2, ihi, tafekka tis-snat tettara-d I tfekka 1 tazmert f2,1: f1/2+f2/1=0
Newton iddem-d ilugan-a iseqdec-iten ɣer wid n Kepler, sway i d-yufa: kra n tfekka illan di tallunt (espace) neɣ deg umḍal, tettaɣ-itt tazmert i wumi semman aselmem (gravité).Yura daɣen Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica deg useggas n 1687. Ilmend n wayen iqdec d wayen i d-ifka, isem-is yuɣ aferdis (unité) n tezmert (N).
Tamselyut[beddel]


text:
Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei d amussnagamaw , d amussnayyur , aẓar-is n tmurt n Ṭelyan. D yiwen gar wid I d-igren lsas I tussnagama tamirant. Gar wayen iqdec Galili d Kepler, irfed-iten Newton I leqdic-is. Galili isnulfa-d s wacu issaked aggur, isken-d tiderra (ccwami) illan ɣef iṭij. D Galili I d-yufan isafen illan ɣef aggur d igensawen imeqqranen n Jupiter d udmawen n Venus.
Deg tussnaugama, Galili yufa-d alugen n uɣelluy n tfekkiwin d umussu uzlig. Deg umezruy, Galili iqqim d azamul n umennuɣ n tlelli n usnulfu mgal adabu d tmedlin terra teglizt ɣef imusnawen n imiren.
Galileo Galilei ilul di Pise (Ṭelyan), ass n 15 di furar 1564. Irfed-ed tamussni ines tamezwarut sɣur imdeyynen n Vallombroso. Syin akkin, deg usseggwas 1581, ikcem ɣer tesdawit n Pise, iɣra tussna n tijjit. Deg useggas n 1585 iǧǧa tasdawit i wakken ad iɣer tafilusufit d tussnakt.
Deg useggas 1589, Galili yuɣal d aselmad n tussnakt di tseddawit n Pise. Iffeɣ d anelmad, ikcem d aselmad. Seg useggas n 1592 armi d aseggas n 1610 iǧǧa aselmed di Pise, yuɣal ar tesdawit n Padoue.
Di Padoue, Galili isnulfa-d tamacint n usmiḍen u yufa-d alugen n uɣelluy n tfekkiwin. Deg useggas n 1595, ikki di temlilit imussnawen ɣef tiẓri n Kupernik d turda n Aristote d Polémée. Dɣa, anagar tiẓri n Kupernik I d-izgan ɣef tmuɣli-s, teccur as tiṭ.
Deg aggur n dujenber, aseggas n 1609, Galili isnulfa-d atiliskup, i d-isemwɣaren taɣawsa s 20 iberdan. S yis I d-iẓra idurar d imdunen illan ɣef aggur. Galili yufa-d diɣen igensawen itezzin i Jupiter. Ayen i d-yufa akka, issuffeɣ it-id deg meɣres usseggwas n 1610 deg udlis Amaznay Igenwan .
Galili yuɣal ittwasen, ibedd d amussnak di Florence. Deg useggas n 1610, ifka-d amḍan n udmawen n Venus (ayen illan mgal wayen I d-inna Ptolémée).
Ifilisufen rran deg idis ayen inna Galili, acku umnen s wayen i d-inna Aristote, imi d afilusuf am nutni. U deg useggas n 1612, Galili issuffeɣ-d diɣen adlis ɣef umimeḍ n tfekkiwin (imgaraden d tiktiwin n iselmaden n Florence d wid n Pise). Iffeɣ i ibardan Galili!
Deg useggas n 1613, Galili issuffeɣ-d adlis nniḍen ɣef tderra illan ɣef iṭij, isken-d tidett n tiẓri n Kupernik. Iffeɣ wawal gar medden, akken ayen inna Galili d ayen i wumi ur zmir wallaɣ, d leḥram u d ankar n ddin. Deg useggas n 1614, ittuzenz. Dɣa, yura tabrat i deg d-isefruri tiktiwin ines u i deg d-inna d akken d awezɣi ad ittwaqdec ddin i tussna, Imdeyynen ur asen ilaq ara ad gren iman-nnsen di tussna imi tikli n ddin d tin n tussna mgaradent. Yiwet ayen d-nna inta ur zmir ad ibeddel negh ittwabeddel, tayeḍ ayen d-nna d ayen id-isnulfa umdan u kra n win ar d-yafen kra s nnig-s a t-yarbu.
Deg useggas n 1616, teɣli-d tadrest ɣef idlisen n Kupernik, ɣef waya iɣetlen Galili i wakken ad yanef daɣen netta tiẓri n Kupernik. Di 1624, Galili ibda adlis-is Dialogue sur les marées, deg win id-imeslay ɣef turdiwin n Ptolémée d tid n Kupernik. Deg useggas n 1630, Imdeyynen, fkan turagt ad d-iffeɣ udlis-a, di Florence. Di 1632, iffeɣ-d ihi udlis-a, maca beddlen-as azwel, yughal d Dialogue sur les grands Système. Ɣas s turagt n ubadu i d-iffeɣ udlis-a, ɣran as-d si Rome ad t-carɛen u deg useggas 1616, iɣli-d uẓmaẓ fell-as akken ur d-ittader la s tmeslayt la s tira ɣef unagraw akupeniki.
Deg useggas 1633, Galili ikcem ar taẓult, itturez i lebda. Di tal tasdawit serɣen idlisen-is. I tmes imi fkan tiktiwin ines!
Armi d aseggas 1992, Abatikan (Vatican) ikez (yufa d tidet) s war-taɣdemt i d-igla ɣef uqerruy n Galili.
Tamselyut[beddel]


text:
Tutlayt yellan deg umihi
Tutlayt yellan deg umihi d tin ayen ara iteddun akken ad tenger deg yimal (avenir) i d-iqerben. Aṭas n tutlayin ayen ara ttaǧǧan yimawlan-nsent, u sseqdacen deg wemkan-nsent tutlayin nniḍen, tid ay yettuseqdacen s waṭas di tmiwa neɣ di tmura i deg ttidiren, am teglizit deg Yiwunak Yedduklan (USA) neɣ taspenyulit di Miksik. Ma ur nbeddel ara lumur yellan ass-a, tutlayin-agi yellan deg umihi ur tent-id-yettaf ara lqern-agi ara d-iteddun.
Aṭas n tutlayin nniḍen ay uɣalen ur a tent-lemmden yigerdan wala leǧyal ijdiden n yimeqranen, dɣa asmi ara yemmet yemsiwel-nsent aneggaru, tutlayin-agi ad negrent. Yuɣ lḥal, aṭas n tutlayin umi d-yeqqim ala kan yiwen wemdan ay tent-yettmeslayen, yernu asmi ara yemmet wemdan-agi, ula d tutlayt-nni ad tettusemma temmut, dɣa ur d-mazal ad yili win ara tt-yemmeslayen wala win ara tt-yissinen.
Tamselyut[beddel | edit source]
- imedyazen sɣur Omar mouffok.


text:
Imuhaɣ
Imuhaɣ d agdud amaziɣ yettidiren deg Uneẓruf n Tafriqt. Akal-nsen d Aneẓruf (Idurar n Tasili, n Ayer di Nijir, atg.).
Yernu imi ay zgan tddun ɣef udar, ttreggizen (teddun) nutni d lmal-nsen (iɣersiwen n-sen d ileɣman) seg wemkan ɣer wayeḍ, wwḍen ɣer waṭas n tmiwa di Tefriqt. Imuhaɣ xulḍen aṭas n yegduden ifriqiyen ay ten-id-iqerben neɣ yellan ɣer tama n-sen, nitni fkan-asen daɣ-nni wwin-d aṭas seg-sen. Ass-a, nezmer ad naf Imuhaɣ di Nijir d Mali, am akken nezmer ad naf kra n trebbaɛ-nsen neɣ n waggayen di Ččad, Burkina Faso akk d Nijirya.
Deg wenḍul n Uneẓruf (Nijir akk d Mali), aṭas n yegduden ifriqiyen ay yettidiren ɣer tama n Yimuhaɣ, nezmer ad d-nebder seg-sen Ibambaraten, Ifulanen akk d Yisarakuliyen. Kra seg yegduden-agi kessen lmal am Yimuhaɣ, di lweqt i deg wiyaḍ xeddmen tafellaḥt neɣ akal. Tuɣ (yella), wakal n wenẓul n Uneẓruf kkan (uɣent) deg-s isaffen, d aya ay t-yerran d agilal, amakken (meḥsub) yelha (igarrez) i tfellaḥt.
Aẓar n wawal[beddel | edit source]
Awal Amuhaɣ deg asuf, Imuhaɣ deg asget naɣ daɣen Kel Tamacaq ad yaf aẓar-is deg awal Amaziɣ, Imaziɣen deg asget. D aɣdebbu n imuhaɣ ig ǧǧan ad yeḍru cwit n usnifel ger w awalen agi, maca di tilawt d yiwen.
Isem n tutlayt Tamacaq yekkad seg Tamaziɣt.
Taɣbalut[beddel | edit source]
http://amastan1.tripod.com/ (Ɛumar Muffek)


text:
La Description
regarder feuilleton Lqahwa inazourn séries Amazighs online séries Amazighs 2014 youtube Lqahwa inazourn
Mots Clés
feuilleton Lqahwa inazourn,feuilleton Lqahwa inazourn 2014,Lqahwa inazourn 2014,regarder Lqahwa inazourn 2014,voire feuilleton Lqahwa inazourn ,séries Amazighs Lqahwa inazourn 2014,Lqahwa inazourn youtube, episodes de Lqahwa inazourn 2014,Lqahwa inazourn 2014 dailymotion,feuilleton Lqahwa inazourn 2014 videos,acteurs feuilleton Lqahwa inazourn 2014,Lqahwa inazourn 2014 images


text:
Tazwart Leqbayel, ɣas akken ur sɛin ara allalen n usismeḍ (am yifriguten) s Deg umahil-a, ad d-nawi awal ɣef umawal yerzan lexrif (tibexsisin) akked 1. Kra n tsenfal n kra yismawen (irman) Send ad nekcem ɣer tsekkiwin n lexrif d tazart, yewwi-d ad d-nessegzi kra Irem Iniɣem, deg kra n temnaḍin (Tubiret, Tizi-Wezzu), ad t-naf yemmal- ‑Irem taqarquct, deg kra n temnaḍin (At yemmel, Imessisen, At jlil) yemmal-d akarbuɛ, werɛad yewwiḍ d tabexsist. Deg kra n temnaḍin-nniḍen (Irjen) yemmal-d yiwet n tewsit n tbewsisin. Taɣawsa deg wadeg fessren tazart, yal tamnaḍt amek i as-fkan isem. ‑Tagrurt, taneqlet, tameɣrust, irman-a, sɛan yiwen n unamek. Yal Urgalen, argulen, argalen, irman-a, sɛan yiwen n unamek. D tibexsisin n Tabelluḍt, irem-a ila sin n yinumak, (1) aseklu i d-yettaken abelluḍ. (2) d 2. Kra n talliyin yesɛan tixutert a. Aɛelleq n ddekkar Tadekkart, am tneqlet. Tteẓẓun-tt d axalaf, neɣ ttleqqimen-tt deg tneqlet Tadekkart n tufuzal ; Tamawt: b . Lbakur c. Urgalen (argalen, argulen) 3. Kra n yittewlan i usemmi n lesnaf n tbexsisin Leqbayel, deg usemmi n lesnaf n tbexsisin, sseqdacen kra n yittewlan, gar- kra n yimedyaten : Taɣa : almend n talɣa n tbexsist, ttafen-as-d isem. Kra n yimedyaten : Abuɛenqiq -> yesɛa aɛenqiq (agerj) Tadra tirakalant : ttafen-d daɣen ismawen i tbexsisin, almend n temnaḍt neɣ lɛer ideg yella ssenf-nni. Nezmer ad d-nefk kra n yimedyaten : Ɣer yittewlan-a, nezmer ad d-nernu iferdisen-nniḍen s wayes nezmer ad Deg tfelwit ara d-iḍefren, ad neɣreḍ ad nessismel kra n tisekkiwin n lexrif Nezmer daɣen, ɣer yiferdisen ay d-nebder, ad d-nernu ittewlan-nniḍen ay sseqdacen deg usemmi n tewsatin n lexrif. Gar yittewlan-a, ad d-nebder : amek tettwaččay. Ma d tabexsist kan, neɣ d tabexsist akked tazart. Amek tettuɣal mi ara teqqar. Tasmekta. Awennit : 4. Amawal uzzig n tbexsisin, tazart akked wayen yerzan taɣult-a Deg umawal-a uzzig, ad naf irman yerzan tiwsatin n tbexsisin, tiwsatin n Tasnarrayt : Kra n yisegzal : SM. ML. : Isem amalay Asegzawal ameẓẓayan : Abakur : SM. ML. || Lɣella ay d-tettaǧǧa tbakurt. Ẓer : tabakurt. Umuɣ n yidlisen Bouamara, K. (2010), Issin. Asegzawal n teqbaylit s teqbaylit, Tizi-Ouzou, l’ODYSSEE.
wayes ḥerrzen tiɣawsiwin-nsen n wučči, sɛan tarrayin ay ssemrasen akken ad
tent-ḥerzen ur xessrent ara. Ad ten-naf, ttmelliḥen (ttgen-as lemleḥ) aksum,
fessrent i yiṭij, yettɣar yettmaga d acedluḥ. Ad ten-naf daɣen fessren ama d
ifelfel ama d lubiya, ama d ṭumaṭic. Ayen s wayes ttwassnen daɣen, d afsar n
tazart.
tazart. Deg-s, ad nwali lesnaf n tbexsisin, lesnaf n tzart. Am wakken ara neɛreḍ
ad d-naf ittewlan ay ssemrasen Leqbayel i usemmi n yal ssenf n tbexsisin. Deg
taggara, ad neg asegzawal ameẓẓyan yerzan kan tiwsatin n lexrif akked
yirman yerzan annar-a (tibexsisin akked tazart).
temgadiwin i d-yettilin gar temnaḍt d tayeḍ deg usemmi n kra tɣawsiwin yerzan
annar-a.
d, tabexsist yewwḍen mi ara tefser, teqqur, tennejmaɛ s akufi, tewjed
i wučči. Amegdawal-is, d aɛeqqa n tazart (aḥbub, afessas). Deg
temnaḍin-nniḍen (Bgayet), s yirem Iniɣem, ur d-qsiden
tazart. Yemmal-d tabexsist mi ara teww, tgen, teɛlulleq, werɛad tefsir.
Nezmer ad d-nefk amedya ɣef ukala (processus) n gemmu n aɛeqqa n
tazart deg temnaḍt n At Yemmel: mi ara d-yeffeɣ seg tegrurt (taneqlet,
tameɣrust) d takurbeɛt, mi ara teww tettuɣal d tabexsist, mi zrin fella-s kra n wussan tettuɣal d afeqluj, syen d iniɣem, mi ara yefser, yeqqur yettuɣal d aɛeqqa n tazart.
Aferrug (Irjen, At Mengellat), tadencet (At Yemmel, At jlil) aṭeryis
(Iheggaren).
tamnaḍt tessexdam yiwen deg-sen.
bɣir lawan.
yiwet n tewsit n tneqlin..
Tadekkrat, d taneqlet awtem. Tettaǧǧa-d lɣella ur tettmeččay ara. Ddekkar,
ttruẓun-t-id mi ara yeww, ttɛelliqen-t i tneqlin d tiyugwin (sin sin) deg lawan n
tmegra. Tikwal, tettarew tneqlet aṭas. D acu, ma ur as-ɛellqen ara ddekkar,
tesseɣlay lḥebb, ur yettaṭṭaf ara. Ɣef waya ay ttɛelliqen ddekkar, akken ad
tetbet tazart. Adekkar, mi ara t-neldi, ur nettaf daxel abziz am tbexsist. Ay
nettaf daxel, d tizit.
taḥeccadt, neɣ deg tdekkart n yiɣẓer.
Ddekkar, deg-s aṭas n lesnaf:
Tadekkart n tɣanimt ;
Tadekkart taberkant ;
Tiṭ n tsekkurt
Tadekkart n yiɣẓer.
Ddekkar n yiɣẓer, ur t-ttruẓun, ur t-ttɛelliqen. Acku ur yesɛi tizit, ihi ur yenfiɛ.
S wawal-nniḍen, ur yelli d lefḥel. Yesleḥ usɣar-is i lleqma n ddekkar akked
lbakur.
Lbakur, d yiwet n tewsit (ssenf) n lexrif ay d-yettewwan zik, send lawan n
tbexsisin (lexrif). Yessemḍay deg unebdu, lawan n userwet. Deg-s, snat n
tewsatin : lbakur amellal ; lbakur aberkan. D acu kan, ssenf wis sin, ur yugit
ara deg Tmurt n Leqbayel, qlil wanda ara tafeḍ labakur d aberkan. Tabakurt,
d taneqlet, yettarwen snat n tikkal i useggas. Deg unebdu ad teǧǧ lbakur, deg
lexrif tettaǧǧa-d tibexsisin. Ini-nsent imal ɣer tewreɣ. Tibexsisin n tbakurt, ur
wulment ara ad ilin d tazart.
Urgalen, d tibesisin i d-yettawḍen send lawan n lexrif. Tineqlin i d-yettaǧǧan
urgalen d ti : aẓayec, azanǧar, tabelluḍt, taɣliḍt, taɣanimt. Yella deg
lemtal, “ma tufiḍ urgalen, ḥeḍru-f lexrif”.
asen :
Ini (nnul) : almend n yini n tbexsist, ad as-fken isem. Nezmer ad d-nefk
Azeggaɣ -> Abuzeggaɣ /tabuzeggaɣt
Axemri -> Taxemrit
Azenǧari -> Azenǧar
Aberkan -> Aberkan
Tiṭ n tsekkurt -> Tecba deg yini tiṭ n tsekkurt (azeggaɣ)
Taɣliḍt -> zur yiclem-is
Tabuyeḥbult -> tga d timdewwert am teḥbult
Ijiɛfer -> yekka-d seg At Jaɛfer
Taɛemrawit (taɛemriwt) -> yekka-d seg At ɛmer
Abgayti -> yekka-d seg Bgayet
Ayeɛlawi -> yekka-d seg At Yeɛla
Tagawawt (tagawat) ->yekka-d seg Yigawawen.
nessemgired tawsit d tayeḍ n lexrif. Iferdisen-a, rzan : talɣa, ini n lɣella mi
ara teww, taɣara n lɣella, teɣzi d temẓi n ujajur, tufayt d terqeq n lɣella, zbib,
iferrawen...atg.
almend n yiferdisen ay d-nebder iwsawen. Ad nesseqdec sin yizmulen-a:
(+) anamek-is : s waṭas
(-) anamek-is mačči s waṭas
Tasinwalt (vocabulaire) n tbexsisin ɣer Leqbayel, nezmer ad d-nini deg
yittewlen ay ssexdamen deg tikci n yismawen, d anagraw yemmalen
seg tama, ɣer usemyizwer akmam. Acku yessexdam ittewlan inmaɣrad
deg usemmi n tɣawsiwin am yini, talɣa, ... Seg tama-nniḍen, d anagraw
yessexdamen ittewlan-nniḍen, am tadra tarakalant, amek tettmeččay.
tneqlin, tazart akked yirman i icudden ɣer taɣult-a (tibexsisin d tzart). Iirman-
a, d wid ay sseqdacen kan deg kra n temnaḍin n Leqbayel. Timnaḍin-
a, d ti : Irjen, At Mengellat, At Yemmel d At Jlil. Amahil-a, ur d tasastant
taseknawalant (enquête lexicographique), maca d tazrawt taseknirmant (étude
terminographique). Meḥsub irman ay nezrew, d wid ay d-nekkes deg yidlisen
ay nesseqdec (muɣel umuɣ n yidlisen).
Deg usegzawl-a uzzig, nefren tarrayt n usismel n tewwura yebnan ɣef
umyizwer n yisekkilen n ugemmay. D acu ara tafem deg yal tawwurt? Deg tazwara, ad tafem irem yura s tira tumrist, tikwal ad tafem nerna-yas-d tira
tmamsislant ma mačči yiwen n ususru i yesɛa, syen tijraḍ-is n tjerrumt (ma
d isem, d amyag, ...). S wamek ara tafem tabadut-is taseknirmant (meḥsub
anmek yasɛa deg unnar n tezrawt-a kan). Tikwal, nrennu-yas-d ama d inzi,
ama d timseɛreqt, ama d asget... Ur tettafem ara imedyaten deg tbadutin n yal
irem. Ad tafem attal ideg yettuseqdac.
SM. NT. : Isem unti
MGDWL. : Ameglawal
MGLWL. : Ameglawal
MG. GWT. : Amyag n tigawt
MG. GWT. SWƔ. Amyag n tigawt aswaɣ
TTL :Attal.
NZ : Inzi
MSFR. Amsefru/ timseɛreqt
SG. : Asget
NT. : Unti
GRW. : Agraw
Abaxlal : SM. ML. || Yiwet n tewsit n yisekla n lexrif, lɣella-s d tazeggaɣt,
d talebḍant, ẓidet mliḥ, ɣer daxel werraɣet, ur tt-ttaǧǧan ara d tazart.
Aberkan : SM. ML. || Yiwet n tewsit n yisekla n lexrif, ur t-nettaf ara s
waṭas.Tibexsisin-is ɣur-sent ini d aberkan, ufayit, ẓidit, ttaǧǧan-tent d tazart,
ttxemmiren-tent deg zzit, lhant d ddwa. NZ. Tabexsist taberkant, ur d-tettuɣal d amellalt.
Aberran [abeṛṛan] : SM. ML. || Yiwet n tewsit n lexrif, ini n lɣella-s d tacebḥant (tamellalt), d tubṭiḥt, tettmeččay d tibexsisin kan, ur tt-ttaǧǧan ara d tazart. TTL. Tibexsisin n uberran, ad tent-teččeḍ ɣef cceṭ (icig), ẓidit, ma ɛeṭṭlent xessrent.
Aberzegzaw : SM. ML. || Yiwet n tewsit n lexrif, ini n lexrif-is, d adal mi ara yeww.
Abuɛenqiq : SM. ML. || Yiwet n tewsit n lexrif, lɣella-s d taberkant tmal ɣer tezweɣ, d timdewwert, ufayet, yesɛa aɛenqiq, ur d-yessemḍay ara zik, yettmeččay d tabexsist kan. Deg-s sin n lesnaf : aberkan, amellal. D acu kan ssenf-a wis sin, qlil nezzeh. Semman-as abuɛenqiq, ilmend n ujajur (aɛenqiq) i tesɛa lɣella-s. MGDWL. Abgayti /aɛbarqi / abelɣenǧur / abuɣenqur.
Abuḥercaw : SM. ML. || Yiwet n tewsit n lexrif, Lɣella-s ufuyet, ḥercawet i tnalit.
Aburemman : SM. ML. || Yiwet n tewsit n lexrif, tacriḥt-is d tazeggaɣt am rremman, mi ara tt-teldiḍ zun d ini n yidammen ay tesɛa.
Abuzeggaɣ : SM. ML. || Yiwet n tewsit n lexrif, ini n lɣella-s imal ɣer tezweɣ. MGDWL. Azeggaɣ.
Acetwi : SM. ML. || Yiwet n tewsit n lexrif, yessemḍay d aneggaru, deg ccetwa, ini n lɣella-s tmal ɣer tebrek. Ur yettmagga ara d tazart.
Aɛeqqa n tazart : SM. ML. || Lɣella n tneqlet, mi ara teww, tefser i yiṭij, teqqur, tennejmaɛ s akufi, tewjed i wučči. MGDWL. Iniɣem, afessas, aḥbub.
Aferrug : SM. ML. || Allal deg waydeg fessren iniɣman. Zeṭṭen-t s uɣanim, s taɣanimt, s yẓedki, iga am tewwurt, yesɛa taqerruyt ɣer yiwet n tama, ttgen-as imecɛalen (ifassen neɣ timuqqnin n ujebbuj, neɣ n uslen. MGDWL. Aṭeryis, tadencet.
Afessas : SM. ML. || Ẓer : aɛeqqa n tazart.
Aɣulal : SM. ML. || Aɛeqqa n tazart yeqquren. MGLWL. Arḍab.
Aḥbub SM. ML. || Ẓer : aɛeqqa n tazart.
Akufi : SM. ML. || Taɣawsa deg waydeg jemmɛen tazart, timẓin d yirden. Bennun-t s wakal deg uxxam. SG. Ikufa. NT. Takufit.
Amextaf [amexfaf] : SM. ML. || Allal s wayes d-lewwin iniɣman. Asɣar akemlan, yesɛa tackumt ɣer yiwet n tixfet.
Amisur [amiṣuṛ] : SM. ML. || Allal deg waydeg jemmɛen tazart deg ṭṭraḥi. Ad ḍelqen yiwen n uferrug, ad as-d-ẓḍen deg yal tama aɣanim, ad yuɣal am usenduq ameqqran. SG. Imisuren.
Aqecwal : SM. ML. || Taɣawsa deg waydeg d-ttawin, lewwin iniɣman, zeṭṭen-t s ujebbuj neɣ s uɣanim, tga am uqeffu. NT. Taqecwalt. MGDWL. Aswal (taswalt). SG. Iqecwalen.
Aqejquj : SM. ML. || Yiwet n tewsit n lexrif, diri-t i wučči, amzun terka daxel, teččur d leɣbar, qqaren-as tehbel .
Aqerquc : SM. ML. GRW. || Lɣella n tneqlet i werɛad newwiḍ d tabexsist. MGDWL. Akarbuɛ
Aqeṭṭar : SM. ML. || Taɣawsa deg waydeg d-lewwin [leggin] iniɣman, ttarran-t ɣef zzayla, ẓrṭṭen-t s ujebbuj, deg-s snat n teqrinin am ucwari. NT. Taqeṭṭart.
Argal : SM. ML. || Ẓer : urgal.
Argul : SM. ML. || Ẓer : urgal.
Asefsu : SM. GWT. || Aḍlaq, afsar n yiferrugen yennejmaɛen wa ɣef tama n wa, yal tasebḥit i yiṭij.
Aselṭani : Sm. Ml. || Yiwet n tewsit n lexrif, d aberkan d ameqqran, yesɛa aɛenqud d aɣezzfan, mi t-tebḍiḍ ad t-tafeḍ yedhen amzun yesɛa zzit.
Asemnenni : SM. GWT. || Ajmaɛ n yiferrugen, wa ɛef wa, yal tameddit, ma tesfa tegnewt, ama d ageffur.
Asemrureg : SM. GWT. || Asdakkel n tazart yellan deg sin ar tlata n yiferrugen ɣer yiwen n uferrug.
Aṭeryis : SM. ML. || Ẓer : aferrug.
Ayeɛlawi : SM. ML. || Yiwet n tewsit n yisekla n lexrif. Iferrawen-is malen ɣer tebrek, gnen ɣef uksar, lɣella-s ɣur-s ini d aberkan tesɛa tineqḍin d timellalin, aseklu-ya yezmer lḥal yekka-d seg temnaḍt n At Yeɛla.
Azanǧar [ajanǧar] : SM. ML. || Yiwet n tewsit n tewsit n yisekla n lexrif, lɣella-s d timdewwert, berriket mliḥ, tettban-d am wakken temsex, ɣef waya i as-semman azanǧar (yemzunǧer) tazart-is telha aṭas.
Azkuk : SM. NT. || Yiwet n tewsit n tneqlin, ur d-nettaǧǧa ara tibexsisin, imeqqi-d deg yimukan anda ulac tezdeg.
Cix : MG. GWT. || Ili, semḍi a lexrif deg yal iger (urti). MGDWL. Nhel.
Ibiɛrus : SM. ML. || Yiwet n tewsit n yisekla n lexrif, meqqer ma nesserwes-it ɣer yisekla-nniḍen n lexrif, tibexsisin-is ufayit d timdewwrin zeggaɣit aṭas s daxel.
Ijiɛfer : SM. ML. || Yiwet n tewsit n yisekla n lexrif, lɣella-s d tazeggaɣt mliḥ, d timdewwert, ur tt-ttaǧǧan ara d tazart.
Imelwi : SM. ML. || Allal s wayes d-lewwin. Ẓer : amextaf.
Iniɣem : SM. ML. || (1) Tabexsist mi ara teww nezzeh, teɛlulleq-d ɣef tneqlet. (2) Ẓer : aɛeqqa n tazart.
Lerḥayeḍ : SM. ML. || Kra n testatin yemxallafen n tbexsisin, gar-asent : aẓɛic ; abuzeggaɣ ; abuḥercaw ; ... tiwsatin-a n tbexsisin ur d-ssemḍayent ara zik, smenyifen ad tent-ččen d tibexsisin kan.
Lexrif : SM. ML. GRW. || (1) Lɣella n tneqlin. Ẓer : tibexsisin. (2) Tasemhuyt (lawan) ideg i d-ttewwant tbexsisin.
Lwetk : SM. ML. || Ẓer : tawrent.
Qecc : MG. GWT. || Fakk a lexrif.
Sqerqec : MG. GWT. SWƔ || Kkes-d tibexsisin tineggura, mi ara ifakk lexrif.
Sslib [ṣṣlib] : SM. ML. GRW. || Ssenf n tbexsisin ur nettewwa ara, ttɣarent, ur ttmeččayent ara la d tibexsisin la d tazart.
Tabakurt : SM. NT. || Yiwet n tewsit (ssenf) n yisekla n lexrif ay d-yettewwan zik, send lawan n tbexsisin (lexrif). Yessemḍay deg unebdu, lawan n userwet. Deg-s, snat n tewsatin : lbakur amellal ; lbakur aberkan. D acu kan, ssenf wis sin, ur yugit ara deg Tmurt n Leqbayel, qlil wanda ara tafeḍ labakur d aberkan. Tabeqlet-a, tettak-d lɣella snat n tikkal i useggas. Deg unebdu ad teǧǧ lbakur, deg lexrif tettaǧǧa-d tibexsisin. Ini-nsent imal ɣer tewreɣ. Tibexsisin n tbakurt, ur wulment ara ad ilin d tazart. MTL. Nniya n tbakurt yettarwen mertayen i useggas. MSFR. Kkes-as arraw-is; terba-d i wiyaḍ; d acu-tt ay uḥdiq; ma ur ak-tɣaḍ. D tabakurt. Tafunast-iw timaẓẓagin acḥal, mi as-gezmeɣ yiwet ad d-tuɣal. D tabakurt.
Tabelluḍt : SM. NT. || (1) Ttejra i d-yettakken abelluḍ. (2) Yiwet n tewsit n yisekla n lexrif. Lɣella-s, tettkanzi ɣer yiɛeqqayen n ubelluḍ, tessugut-d lḥebb, maca tessemẓay-it-id.
Tabexsist : SM. NT. || Lɣella ay d-tettakk tneqlet. D irem awsiyan (générique). Almend n yini-nsent, llant tbexsisin ticebḥanin, llant tbexsisin tiberkanin. Mi ara teqqar tettuɣal d iniɣem. SG. Tibexsisin. MGDWL. Lexrif.
Tabuyeḥbult : SM. NT. || Yiwet n tewsit n yisekla n lexrif, lɣella-s ufayet, meqqret, mellulet, tga d timdewwert am teḥbult n uɣrum, rnu ɣur-s, d tusbiḍt cwiṭ, lexrif-is yelha mliḥ, d aleqqaq, yettmeččay d tabexsist, d tazart, tettkanzi ɣer ubuḥercaw.
Tacamlalt : SM. NT. || Yiwet n tewsit n yisekla n lexrif. TTL. Amgud n ucamlal.
Tadekkart : SM. NT. || Taneqlet awtem. Tettaǧǧa-d lɣella ur tettmeččay ara. Ddekkar, ttruẓun-t-id mi ara yeww, ttɛelliqen-t i tneqlin d tiyugwin (sin sin) deg lawan n tmegra. Tikwal, tettarew tneqlet aṭas, d acu, ma ur as-ɛellqen ara ddekkar, tesseɣlay lḥebb, ur yettaṭṭaf ara. Ɣef waya ay ttɛelliqen ddekkar, akken ad tetbet tazart. Adekkar, mi ara t-neldi, ur nettaf daxel abziz am tbexsist. Ay nettaf daxel, d tizit. Tadekkart, am tneqlet. Tteẓẓun-tt d axalaf, neɣ ttleqqimen-tt deg tneqlet taḥeccadt.
Taḍfayt : SM. NT. || Yiwet n tewsit n yisekla n lexrif, Yesɛa ini “cendrée”...
Taɛemriwt [taɛemrawit, taɛemrit] : SM. NT. || Yiwet n tewsit n yisekla n lexrif, tekki deg ssenf n tɣanimt, lɣella-s d tacebḥant, d talemmast, ẓidet nezzeh, tettmeččay d tibexsisin, tettmagga daɣen d tazart, tazart-is telha mliḥ, ssawalen-as taɛemriwt almend n lɛerc n At Ɛmer.
Taɣanimt : SM. NT. || Yiwet n tewsit n lexrif, lɣella-s d tacebḥant, tettmeččay d tabexsist, d tazart, d netta akk i imucaɛen deg Tmurt n Leqbayel, tella s waṭas.
Tagawawt [tagawat] : SM. NT. || Yiwet n tewsit n yisekla n lexrif, iferrawen-is gnen cwiṭ ɣef uksar, lɣella-s ɣur-s ini d adal maca tebberqec, tessemḍay zik, tettqeccic zik. Tettmeččay d tabexsist, d tazart.
Taɣliḍt : SM. NT. || Yiwet n tewsit n yisekla n lexrif, tibexsisin-is zurit, ɣur-sent ini d adal, ur tettqac ara zik.
Tagrurt : SM. NT. || Ẓer : taneqlet. SG. Tugrurin.
Taḥeyyunt : SM. NT. || Yiwet n tewsit n yisekla n lexrif : tawtemt, deg teɣzi d talemmast, ma d awtem ɣezzif. Iferrawen-is meqqrit. Lɣella n uwtem ini-s d adal ma d tawtemt tmal ɣer tewreɣ, tettmeččay d tabexsist, d tazart.
Talekkakt : SM. NT. || Yiwet n tewsit n yisekla n lexrif, lɣella-s d tusbiḍt, tettwaččay d tazegzawt neɣ ttaǧǧan-tt d tazart, yella ulekkak amellal yella ulekkak aberkan.
Talwayt : SM. NT. || Tukksa n yiniɣman seg tneqlin.
Tameɣrust : SM. NT. || Axalaf yeẓẓan d ajdid, werɛad yewwiḍ d taneqlet. SG. Timeɣrusin. MGDWL. Tagrurt, taneqlet.
Taneqlet : SM. NT. || Aseklu i d-yettaǧǧan tibexsisin. SG. Tineqlin. MGDWL. Tagrurt, tameɣrust.
Taqirquct : SM. NT. || Yiwet n tewsit n yisekla n lexrif, lɣella-s mecṭuḥet, d timdewwert, iclem-is zur, ur tt-ttaǧǧan ara d tazart ɣas akken telha acku meẓẓiyet.
Taqlibt : SM. NT. || Tibexsisin i d-yettawḍen d tineggura. SG. Tiqlibin.
Tawrent : SM. NT. GRW. || Taneɣda yettilin ɣef ufessas mi ara yekmen deg tkufit, ẓidet, tga am ssker aneɣdan nezzeh. TTL. D tibekwin yellan daxel n yineɣem i yettuɣalen d tawrent. MGDWL. Lwetk.
Taxemrit : SM. NT. || Yiwet n tewsit n yisekla n lexrif, deg teɣzi ur meqqert ara am tewsatin-nniḍen, tibexsisin-is ɣur-sent ini d axemri.
Tazart : SM. NT. GRW. || Lɣella n tneqlet mi ara teww, tefser teqqur. MGDWL. Iniɣman, ifessasen, iḥbuben.
Tazart n lɛula : SM. NT. || Tin ay jemmɛen deg ukufi, i wučči. Ur tt-znuzun ara, texleḍ ur tefrin ara, texleḍ tin n lɛali d tin ur nelhi deg-s. MGLWL. Tazart n lbiɛ.
Taẓayect : SM. NT. || Yiwet n tewsit n yisekla lexrif, lɣella-s d taberkant, ur tessemḍay ara zik.
Taẓerẓurt : SM. NT. || Yiwet n tewsit n yisekla n lexrif, tessemḍay zik, tettqeccic zik, ini n lɣella-s d aberkan, tettmeččay d tabexsist kan, ur twulem d tazart.
Tiɣbirt : SM. NT. || Mi ara nesdakkel tmanya (8) ar ɛecra (10) n yiferrugen mnennin wa ɣef wa.
Timeɣrest : SM. NT. || Anasay ttgen-t Leqbayel : mi ara yili yiwen yesɛa lmelk d lɣaba, ad as-t-yefk i wayeḍ, ad t-yefres, ad t-yeẓẓu d ttjer (tineqlin, tizemrin ...), mi ara d-awḍent i lɣella, ad ferqen imir-nni, lmelk-nni ɣef sin, acrik ad yawi azgen, bab n lmelk ad yawi azgen..
Tisemḍit : SM. NT. || (1) Tabexsist ara d-yewwen d tamezwarut send ad d-yaweḍ lexrif. (2) beddu n tsemhuyt (tallit) n lexrif. NZ. Win yufan tisemḍit, iheyyi tageyyirt. SG. Tisemḍeyyin.
Tiṭ n tsekkurt : SM. NT. || Yiwet n tewsit n yisekla n lexrif, lɣella-s d tadalt mliḥ, d talebḍant tmal ɣer yiwet n tama. Semman-as akka imi zeggaɣet daxel am tiṭ n tsekkurt, teggar-d lḥebb aṭas.
Ṭṭerḥa n tazart : SM. ML. || Adeg iqeɛɛed, d asammer (iwula i yiṭij) anda fesseren tidencin (iferrugen) n tazart. SG. Ṭṭraḥi n tazart.
Urgal : SM. ML. || Tibesisin i d-yettawḍen send lawan n lexrif. Tineqlin i d-yettaǧǧan urgalen d ti : aẓayec, azanǧar, tabelluḍt, taɣliḍt, taɣanimt. SG. Urgalen. NZ. Ma tufiḍ urgalen, ḥeḍru-f lexrif. MGDWL. Argul, argal.
Zdm : MG. GWT. || Sdakkel iferrugen wa ɣef wa akken ad tessed tazart, ad terḍeb.
Zzgig : SM. ML. || Iga am tamemt, itteffeɣ-d deg tmiṭ n tbexsist, yettɣar fell-as mi ara yuɣal d aḥbub.
Boulifa, A.-S. (1913), Méthode de langue kabyle, cours de deuxième année, Adolphe- Jourdan- Libraire- Editeur, Alger.
Dallet, J.-M. (1982), Dictionnaire kabyle — français. Parler des At Mangellat, Algérie, Paris, SELAF.
PICAD, E. (1958), Textes berbères dans le parler des Irjen (Kabylie, Algérie), La Typo-Litho et Jules Carbonel, tome I.
Tazwart
Leqbayel, ɣas akken ur sɛin ara allalen n usismeḍ (am yifriguten) s
Deg umahil-a, ad d-nawi awal ɣef umawal yerzan lexrif (tibexsisin) akked
1. Kra n tsenfal n kra yismawen (irman)
Send ad nekcem ɣer tsekkiwin n lexrif d tazart, yewwi-d ad d-nessegzi kra
Irem Iniɣem, deg kra n temnaḍin (Tubiret, Tizi-Wezzu), ad t-naf yemmal-
‑Irem taqarquct, deg kra n temnaḍin (At yemmel, Imessisen, At jlil) yemmal-d akarbuɛ, werɛad yewwiḍ d tabexsist. Deg kra n temnaḍin-nniḍen (Irjen) yemmal-d yiwet n tewsit n tbewsisin.
Taɣawsa deg wadeg fessren tazart, yal tamnaḍt amek i as-fkan isem.
‑Tagrurt, taneqlet, tameɣrust, irman-a, sɛan yiwen n unamek. Yal
Urgalen, argulen, argalen, irman-a, sɛan yiwen n unamek. D tibexsisin n
Tabelluḍt, irem-a ila sin n yinumak, (1) aseklu i d-yettaken abelluḍ. (2) d
2. Kra n talliyin yesɛan tixutert
a. Aɛelleq n ddekkar
Tadekkart, am tneqlet. Tteẓẓun-tt d axalaf, neɣ ttleqqimen-tt deg tneqlet
Tadekkart n tufuzal ;
Tamawt:
b . Lbakur
c. Urgalen (argalen, argulen)
3. Kra n yittewlan i usemmi n lesnaf n tbexsisin
Leqbayel, deg usemmi n lesnaf n tbexsisin, sseqdacen kra n yittewlan, gar-
kra n yimedyaten :
Taɣa : almend n talɣa n tbexsist, ttafen-as-d isem. Kra n yimedyaten :
Abuɛenqiq -> yesɛa aɛenqiq (agerj)
Tadra tirakalant : ttafen-d daɣen ismawen i tbexsisin, almend n temnaḍt neɣ lɛer ideg yella ssenf-nni. Nezmer ad d-nefk kra n yimedyaten :
Ɣer yittewlan-a, nezmer ad d-nernu iferdisen-nniḍen s wayes nezmer ad
Deg tfelwit ara d-iḍefren, ad neɣreḍ ad nessismel kra n tisekkiwin n lexrif
Nezmer daɣen, ɣer yiferdisen ay d-nebder, ad d-nernu ittewlan-nniḍen ay sseqdacen deg usemmi n tewsatin n lexrif. Gar yittewlan-a, ad d-nebder : amek tettwaččay. Ma d tabexsist kan, neɣ d tabexsist akked tazart. Amek tettuɣal mi ara teqqar. Tasmekta.
Awennit :
4. Amawal uzzig n tbexsisin, tazart akked wayen yerzan taɣult-a
Deg umawal-a uzzig, ad naf irman yerzan tiwsatin n tbexsisin, tiwsatin n
Tasnarrayt :
Kra n yisegzal :
SM. ML. : Isem amalay
Asegzawal ameẓẓayan :
Abakur : SM. ML. || Lɣella ay d-tettaǧǧa tbakurt. Ẓer : tabakurt.
Umuɣ n yidlisen
Bouamara, K. (2010), Issin. Asegzawal n teqbaylit s teqbaylit, Tizi-Ouzou, l’ODYSSEE.


text:
Ugar n 19 d times i ynedhen di tama n bgayet, adekar, leqser, amiẓur, kendira, tuǧa, suq latnin, taskeryutt, akfadu, cmini... Times-a tegla-d s waṭas n txeṣarin, tizemrin akked isekla n lfakya. Seg ass-nni n larebɛa 14 ctember ar wass-a times tečča ma drus nnig n 5000 igṭaren. Times tḥuza ula d timezduɣin tiqdimin di taddart n at ɛelwan di tam n ukfadu , tečča ula d tiẓgi d iḥarqan akked wakal n tfellaḥt... Wid i d-yusan ad sexsin times ɛusen kan ɣef yexxamen ittwazedɣen. Aṭas n wuli i yemmuten, sin yemdanen twajerḥen... Iban-ed tura d akken wid isendarayen times di tmurt yeqbayliyen eeddan tillas. Wid teena taluft ur d lhin ara d usexsi n tmes. Wissen ma d alallen i yxuṣen, neɣ d deɛwessu igulen?! ma d iqbayliyen n twaɣit saramen ad asen-d-iɣrem udabu ayen i asen-irɣan?!
Ugar n 19 d times i ynedhen di tama n bgayet, adekar, leqser, amiẓur, kendira, tuǧa, suq latnin, taskeryutt, akfadu, cmini... Times-a tegla-d s waṭas n txeṣarin, tizemrin akked isekla n lfakya. Seg ass-nni n larebɛa 14 ctember ar wass-a times tečča ma drus nnig n 5000 igṭaren.
Times tḥuza ula d timezduɣin tiqdimin di taddart n at ɛelwan di tam n ukfadu , tečča ula d tiẓgi d iḥarqan akked wakal n tfellaḥt... Wid i d-yusan ad sexsin times ɛusen kan ɣef yexxamen ittwazedɣen. Aṭas n wuli i yemmuten, sin yemdanen twajerḥen...
Iban-ed tura d akken wid isendarayen times di tmurt yeqbayliyen eeddan tillas. Wid teena taluft ur d lhin ara d usexsi n tmes. Wissen ma d alallen i yxuṣen, neɣ d deɛwessu igulen?! ma d iqbayliyen n twaɣit saramen ad asen-d-iɣrem udabu ayen i asen-irɣan?!


text:
Aṭas iseggasen‑aya ɛettben yelmeẓyen iqbayliyen, ffɣen-d ɣer iberdan, suɣen-d ɣef teqbaylit akked tlelli d tugdut. Acḥal iseggasen‑aya, aẓar yettabaɛ tara-s ɣas yewwet fell-as wegris, amennuɣ werǧin yeḥbes ulama ẓẓay uzaglu. Aɣbel n wass-a d tamurt n yeqbayliyen ur yelli d beṭṭu ger watmaten ara d-yawin aṭan i teqbaylit; ugur i d-yusan nerna-t a t-nezger ɣas yessawen, abrid nneɣ ɣer teqbaylit s tezmert ar ad d-yifrir. Tiɣri n umssu tewwed yal aqbayli, yessemɣi-d deg-sen tismin ɣef tutlayt d yidles-nnsen, yerra-yasen-d iseɣ, teddun s zzdi n lqed, yerna-yasen-d tirrugza ɣef tirrugza yellan yakan.
Tamsalt n teqbaylit terḥa tiqbayliyin d yeqbayliyen, tettemɣuɣud am tmes yerna tetteddu ɣer liser ɣas ggten wuguren. Simmal yettnerni umennuɣ ɣef teqbaylit, simmal cerhen imawlan-is.
Amussu imani i irefden iqbayliyen s wallaɣ akked tegmatt yefka aẓar i tallit n tlelli, tugdut, izerfan n wemdan di tmurt n yeqbayliyen.
Ass-a, annar d azaɣar, yessefk i yal Aqbayli a d-iḥḥel tidi yettwacerwen ɣef teqbaylit ngum a d-yegri uɛebbuḍ deffir tezmert.
Amussu imani iger-d afus u-yerna a d-yefk afus‑nniḍen i wid akk mazal ṭṭfen di teqbaylit-nnsen.
Aṭas iseggasen‑aya ɛettben yelmeẓyen iqbayliyen, ffɣen-d ɣer iberdan, suɣen-d ɣef teqbaylit akked tlelli d tugdut. Acḥal iseggasen‑aya, aẓar yettabaɛ tara-s ɣas yewwet fell-as wegris, amennuɣ werǧin yeḥbes ulama ẓẓay uzaglu.
Aɣbel n wass-a d tamurt n yeqbayliyen ur yelli d beṭṭu ger watmaten ara d-yawin aṭan i teqbaylit; ugur i d-yusan nerna-t a t-nezger ɣas yessawen, abrid nneɣ ɣer teqbaylit s tezmert ar ad d-yifrir.
Tiɣri n umssu tewwed yal aqbayli, yessemɣi-d deg-sen tismin ɣef tutlayt d yidles-nnsen, yerra-yasen-d iseɣ, teddun s zzdi n lqed, yerna-yasen-d tirrugza ɣef tirrugza yellan yakan.


text:
Isṭunya
(Eesti Vabariik s tutlayt tistunit), d yiwet n tmurt n umenẓaw Urub. Tezgad si tama usamar n ill n Baltik, ddaw n tmurt n Finlund, ttama n Gulf n Finlund, ar ugafa n tmurt n Lituni, ar umalu n tmurt n Russ.
Tamurt n Isṭuni, d tmura n Lituni d Litwani, ttusemant timura n baltik.
Isṭuni tetteka di tidukla n Urup seg umezwaru n mayu 2004, u tesekcem aṣurdi n Euro seg umenzu Yennayer 2008. Tekcem ar Temsisa Taṭlasit (OTAN) ass 29 meɣres 2004.
Agbur
Tasertit n tutlayin di Isṭunya : d leqdic iteddun ɣer sdat[beddel]
Aqeddem[beddel]
Amagrad ay d awen-d-newwi ass-a d win ay d-yettmeslayen ɣef tutlayt tisṭunit, d tutlayt taɣelnawt n tmurt n Isṭunya. Tamurt-a ay d-yuzgan di Tuṛuft n Ugafa (Europe du Nord), teqreb ɣer Rusya yernu tella d yiwet si tegdudyin tiqburin n Tdukli Tasuvyatit (Union soviétique), am Litwanya akk d Kirgizistan i ɣef ay d-newwi awal yagi. Iṣtunya d yiwet si tmura tibaltiyin, meḥsub d tamurt ay d-yuzgan ɣef yilel Abalti (mer baltique), yernu am nettat, am Litwanya akk d Litṭunya, tekcem-itent Tdukli Tasivyatit di 1940, u terra-tent tamara d aḥric si tmurt-agi tameqqrant, alammi d 1991, asmi ay tewwi Isṭunya azarug-is (indépendance). Di tallit-nni n lbaṭel ɣezzifen ay tesɛedda Isṭunya, tuɣal tisṭunit, tutlayt n yimawlan n tmurt, d tutlayt ur nesɛi azal sdat n tutlayt tarusit ay d-tḥettem fell-asen Musku. Yuɣ lḥal, Irusiyen, xas ulamma "ttqadaren" igduden yellan ttidiren di Tdukli Tasuvyatit, llan ttwalin iman-nsen d nitni ay ten-yifen merṛa, d idles-nsen ay yernan win n tdersiyin nniḍen (minorités) yernu d tutlayt-nsen ay ilaqen ad tt-lemden akk yegduden isuvyatiyen nniḍen. S wanect-a, Irusiyen yettidiren di Isṭunya werǧin walan iman-nsen terra-ten tmara ad lemden tutlayt tisṭunit, wanag ttwalin d akken d imawlan n tmurt ay d-tewwi ad lemden tutlayt-nsen. Yuɣal bab n yiger d akli. D acu kan, ddunit ttetti, tettemtetti, idewweṛ-d zzman i deg d as-d-yuɣal uzarug-is i Isṭunya, yernu yuɣal-as-d wemkan-is i tutlayt tisṭunit. Ass-a, mi akka ay d-teffeɣ Isṭunya seg ujeɣlal-nni i deg tella zik-nni, tezzi udem-is ɣer Tuṛuft tutrimt (taɣerbit) akken ad tesnerni tadamsa-yines, dɣa anect-a yedǧa-tt ad tesnerni ula d tutlayt-is, tutlayt tisṭunit i yes tteddu tmurt, akken ad tqabel Isṭunya tallit n wass-a. D anect-a ay ibeddlen zzman ɣef Yirusiyen yettidiren di Isṭunya. Assemɣer ay ssemɣaren iman-nsen ɣef tisṭunit tura yexsi, tarusit-nni-nsen ay llan ttwalin-tt tif tisṭunit tuɣal ur teswi ara di tegduda-yagi tamaynut, dɣa tewwi-d fell-asen ass-a, ma bɣan ad ttekkin ula d nitni di tmurt-a, ur ten-yettara ara zzman di rrif, tewwi-d fell-asen ad lemden tisṭunit, d tin kan ara d asen-yessifessen tudert di tmurt-a n yimawlan-is. D acu kan, akken diɣ ad tettwaqbel Isṭunya di terbaɛt-agi n tmura n Tuṛuft wukud tebɣa ad tettekki, tewwi-d fell-as ula d nettat ad tqader izerfan n wemdan d yizerfan n tutlayin ay ttmeslayen di tmurt-is, dɣa amagrad-agi ad aɣ-yedǧ ad nẓer amek ay tqeddec Isṭunya akken ad as-d-terr azal-is i tutlayt taɣelnawt n tmurt, d wamek ara tqeddec diɣ akken ad teɛdel ger n tutlayin nniḍen merṛa ay ttmeslayen di tmurt-a. Afud igerrzen.
Tagnit[beddel]
Ger n yiseggasen n 1940 d 1991, d Tadukli Tasuvyatit ay yetṭfen Isṭunya, ala kan ger n yiseggasen 1941 d 1944, asmi ay d-kecmen Yinaziyen n Lalman ɣer tmurt-a. D acu kan, asmi ay tebda thezzel (affaiblir) Tdukli Tasuvyatit, yebda leḥkem yettbeddil afus di tmura ay teḥkem tneggarut-agi, yernu tisertiyin tisuvyatiyin n peristroika* akk d glasnost* snernant ifadden i yegduden isuvyatiyen akken ad ssutren ugar n tlelli. Dɣa yessaweḍ wanect-a ɣer ɣellu n Tdukli Tasuvyatit di 1991 yernu yuɣal-as-d uzarug-is (indépedance) i Isṭunya i deg ay beddlent tzemmar iḥekmen tamurt.
[*Perestroika : D tasertit ay d-yessebded uselway asuvyati, Mixail Gorbatcev, akken ad yeg tisemmeskal (réformes) i udabu asuvyati, i tdamsa n tmurt akken ad nnernint, yernu diɣ i lmend n ubeddel n wamek ttxemmimen Yisuvyatiyen akken ad zemren ad snernin tamurt-nsen.
Glasnost : d tasertit n tallit n perestroika ay d-yessebded diɣ Gorbatcev akken ad yerr yis-s kra n wayen xeddmen yemḍebbren isuvyatiyen d afrawan (transparent), yezmer ad t-iẓer wegdud.].
Yuɣ lḥal, abeddel ameqqran am wa [ay d-yeɣlin deg yiwet kan n teswiɛt], yella yewɛeṛ ɣef Isṭunya ad taɣ yid-s tanumi. Dɣa abeddel-agi yemxallaf wamek ay iḥuza imezdaɣen n Isṭunya akken mxallafent tmiwa (tamaneɣt n tmurt Talinn akk d Ugafa agmuḍan -nord-est n tmurt) d wakken mxallafen diɣ yinurar n leqdic di tmurt (ɣef umedya : tibankiwin -banques- ma nquren-itent ɣer leqdic deg yemɣizen -mines), yernu yemxallaf diɣ wamek ay iḥuza ubeddel-agi igduden yemxallafen yettidiren di Isṭunta, am Yisṭuniyen akk d Yirusiyen. Di ɛecṛa n yiseggasen-agi ineggura, tisnaddanin (statistiques) n yimezdaɣen n Isṭunya beddlent aṭas u yennerna citṭ wanect ay yellan n Yisṭuniyen di tmurt-nsen [ugar n wanect ay nnernan yegduden nniḍen yettidiren di Isṭunya]. D acu kan, addun (recensement) n useggas n 2000 yesskan-d d akken igduden merṛa n Isṭunya neqsen ɣef wakken llan zik-nni. Dɣa mbeɛd tella Isṭunya tesɛa 1.565.000 n yimezdaɣen, tuɣal deg useggas n 2000 tesɛɛa kan 1.361.000 n yimezdaɣen, yernu wid ur nelli ara d Isṭuniyen di tmurt-a neqsen-d ɣer 459.000 n yemdanen (32,1 % seg yimezdaɣen n tmurt). Ma d Irusiyen n Isṭunya neqsen s 25 %. Tuɣ, ayen akk yessawḍen s anect-a, netta d addukel n ssebbat yemxallafen, gar-asent tuffɣa n waṭas n yimezdaɣen ɣer lberṛani, anqas ay neqsen wid ay d-yettlalen akk d unnerni d wanqas n yegduden yemxallafen yettidiren di tmurt-a.
D acu kan, ayen igan amgerrad-agi (lxilaf) ger yegduden yettidiren di tmurt-a d tutlayt tayemmat, maci d ayen nniḍen, imi tutlayt d nettat ay yettaken azal i wemdan di Isṭinya n wass-a. Dɣa d tutlayt ay d-yellan d abrid i seg ay d-tewwi ɣef wemdan ad iɛeddi akken ad yaweḍ ɣer rrbeḥ u ad yesɛu azal di tmetti, yernu d tin ay yettaldin tiwwura i wemdan akken ad yili d win ara yafen iman-is ama seg yidis n uxeddim, ama seg yidis n tedrimt. Di tallit tasuvyatit, yeqdec udabu akken ad yerr tarusit d nettat kan ay d tutlayt i yes tlehḥu tmurt, dɣa ass-a, mi akka ay tewwi Isṭunya azarug-is, anect-a yexleq-d uguren i wid yessnen kan tutlayt tarusit. Nnig waya, yeḍfer diɣ udabu arusi yiwet n tsertit n usselmed ay yesseqdec kan di Isṭunya, d tin n usseqdec n trusit akk d tisṭunit d tutlayin n usselmed, d acu kan, yal yiwet deg-sen qqaren-tt kan deg yiɣerbazen-is, dɣa d anect-nni diɣ ay yessawḍen ad d-yexleq snat n trebbaɛ yeɣran, d acu kan, ur zmirent ara ad msefhament wagar-asent imi ur ttmeslayent yiwet n tutlayt, ur sɛint yiwen n yedles. Dɣa d anect-nni ay yessawḍen ad tuɣal tmetti tisṭunit akken tella ass-a am wakken ay d-llant diɣ waṭas n ssebbat nniḍen ay yesmeɣren amgerrad ger n snat-agi n trebbaɛ :
Timiwa i deg tettidir yal tarbaɛt : Wid yettmeslayen tarusit, tudet deg-sen d arraw n wid ay d-yunagen ɣer Isṭunya si tmiwa nniḍen n Tdukli Tasuvyatit yernu amur meqqren deg-sen di temdinin ay ttidiren neɣ di tmiwa n Ugafa agmuḍan (nord-est) n Isṭunya. Aṭas seg-sen ay yettidiren di Tallinn [tamaneɣt n tmurt] akk d tmiwa ay d-yezzin fell-as (Harjumaa), u llant tirebbaɛ nniḍen timecṭaḥ seg wid yettmeslayen tarusit, ttidiren di tmiwa nniḍen, d acu kan, 90% seg-sen di temdinin ay zedɣen yernu anect-a yennerna seg wasmi ay ffɣen yiserdasen Isuvyatiyen (sakin Irusiyen) si Isṭunya.
Inurar n leqdic i deg txeddem yal tarbaɛt : di tallit n perestroika, Irusiyen n Isṭunya llan qeddcen di tkebbaniyin yettaɣen, znuzuyent, llan ssekcamen-d u ssuffuɣen sselɛa si Isṭunya, am wakken ay llan qeddcen di tkebbaniyin tisuvyatiyin tiqburin ay yuɣalen ur a d-ssekcament ara aṭas imir-n. Nnig waya, llan Yirusiyen-agi diɣ mazal-iten tteklen ɣef leɛnaya n unabaḍ (gouvernement) n Musku, xas ulamma aneggaru-ya ur d-iqqim wara wayen ay yella yezmer ad asen-t-yeg akken ad ten-iɛiwen asmi tebda tettbeddil tegnit yernu tella tteddu Tdukli Tasuvyatit akken ad teɣli. Anect-a yessehzel (affaiblir) mliḥ tanezzawt-nsen (commerce) akk d Rusya, yernu ayen akken d-xeddmen teɣli yis-s ula di Isṭunya, ur yezmir ad yenz am zik di tmurt-a i ɣer d-tekcem tdamsa tamaynut, d anect-nni ay tessawḍen Irusiyen n Isṭunya ad uɣalen di rrif seg yidis n tdamsa u ad ttwaɛezlen di tmurt-a. Nnig waya, yiwet si ssebbat meqqren ay yessawḍen diɣ Irusiyen ad ɣlin di Isṭunya nettat d lqella n tmusni n tutlayt tisṭunit ɣur-sen, dɣa d anect-nni ay sen-ireglen abrid akken ad znuzuyen u ad ttaɣen akk d Yisṭuniyen, am wakken diɣ lqella n tmusni-nsen di tutlayin tiberṛaniyin tkemmel-asen, imi anect-a yerra-ten ur zmiren ad sseftin (investir) idrimen di lberṛani, ur tezmir ad ten-id-tṣaḥ tallalt taberṛanit. Dɣa yuɣal win yebɣan ad t-id-iṣaḥ leqdic, tewwi-d fell-as ad yissin mliḥ tutlayin nniḍen menɣir tarusit.
Tasertit n tutlayin[beddel]
Tasertit n tutlayin ay d-tewwi Isṭunya di ɛecṛa n yiseggasen-agi ineggura nezmer ad tt-nebḍu ɣef tlata n talliyin, ɣef leḥsab n wemxallef ay mxallafen yeswiyen (buts) imeqqranen n Isṭunya di yal tallit. Tallit tamenzut tebda-d di tgara n yiseggasen n 1980 akk d tezwara n yiseggasen n 1990, asmi ay d-xelqent tsertiyin n glasnost akk d perestroika tagnit i deg ara d as-d-yuɣal uzarug-is i Isṭunya di 1991. Tallit tis snat tebda-d asmi ay yefren wegdud isṭuni tamenḍawt (constition) tamaynut n tmurt-is di 1992, dɣa ayen ay d-yeddan di tmenḍawt-a (lebni n tmurt, aḥraz n yizerfan n wemdan, atg.) d ayen ay d-icerḍen ɣef Isṭunya ad d-tessebded tasertit n tutlayin d tamaynut yernu telha. Yuɣ lḥal, simmal yettaǧhad uzarug (souverainenté) n Isṭunya, simmal tqeddec deg yinurar n tugdut, n tdamsa, n tedrimt akk d laman akken ad tekcem ɣer terbaɛt n tmura tutrimin (tiɣerbiyin) u ad taf iman-is gar-asent. Di tgara n yiseggasen n 1990, d anect-a dɣa ay yuɣalen d iswi ameqqran n Isṭunya ay yedǧan timsal nniḍen n tmetti ur nesɛi ara azal meqqren, yernu abeddel-agi meqqren di tɣawsiwin n tmurt d ayen ara d aɣ-yedǧen ad d-nini d akken yeldi-yas tawwurt i yiwet n tallit d tamaynut di tsertit n tutlayin n Isṭunya, d tin ay d tallit tis tlata.
Tinwit (amendement) n tmenḍawt ay yerran tutlayt tisṭunit d tutlayt taɣelnawt di Isṭunya d tin ay d-sbedden deg wass n 6 Dujembeṛ 1988, di tallit i deg mazal Isṭunya d tigdida di Tdukli Tasuvyatit. Ma deg wass n 18 Yennayer 1989, tlata n yiseggasen uqbel ma tewwi azarug-is, yessebded-d usuvyat ameqqran n Isṭunya yiwen n usaḍuf (lqanun) amaynut ɣef tutlayin, d asaḍuf ay d-yellan kan si leɛḍil, akken ad tesɛeddi yis-s Isṭunya tallit n ubeddel. Xas ulamma di tallit-nni n unnefsusi wid yebɣan ad tawi tmurt-nsen azarug fuṛsen tagnit rran tisṭunit d nettat ay d tutlayt tamenṣabt tawḥidt di Isṭunya, iswi n wanect-a di tidet netta d asnerni n wazal n tutlayt tisṭunit akken ad tuɣal am nettat am trusit di tegduda-yagi yellan tettidir ussan-is ineggura di Tdukli Tasuvyatit. Dɣa yecreḍ-d usaḍuf-nni amaynut d akken kra n yiqeddacen iqeddcen di kra n yinurar tewwi-d fell-asen ad issinen mliḥ ama d tisṭunit, ama d tarusit, u ma yessen yiwen 800 kan n wawalen, anect-a yezmer ad t-iqam akken ad tt-isellek. Yuɣ lḥal, mi iga unabaḍ isṭuni aya, yella yessaram ad yefru ugur-nni i deg tarbaɛt yeɣran s tisṭunit ur tezmir ara ad temsefham d tin yeɣran s trusit yernu akken ad yessiweḍ leqdic-agi s iswi-yines, yefka unabaḍ (gouvernement) isṭuni ṛebɛa n yiseggasen i yiman-is i deg yessefra ad yesselḥu tamurt am wakka, s snat n tutlayin alamma d 1 Fuṛar 1993, d acu kan, ikemmel iqeddec unabaḍ s usaḍuf-agi alammi d 1995, asmi ay yefren asaḍuf amaynut n tutlayin. Imi di tallit-agi tamenzut, ayen iceɣben Isṭuniyen netta d aẓayer (staut) n tisṭunit di tmurt-is sdat n tutlayt tarusit ay iǧehden, timsal yeqqnen s asnerni n tutlayt tisṭunit akk d usselmed-ines llan twalin-tent imir-n ur sɛint azal meqqren. Asadu'f n 1989 yesseǧhed-as amkan-is i tisṭunit ay yettusemman d tutlayt tamenṣabt n ddewla, nnig waya, rnan Yisṭuniyen gan-d isuḍaf imecṭaḥ nniḍen s idis n usaḍuf-a ameqqran akken ad rnun ad ḥerzen amkan n tutlayt-nsen u ad tt-rren d nettat ay d tutlayt yernan akk tutlayin nniḍen n Isṭunya, ladɣa tarusit. Asaḍuf n 1989 yedǧa diɣ ad d-nnulfun ttawilat n teɣwalt (communications) yesseqdacen tisṭunit, akken ad yedǧ Isṭuniyen ad ttemselɣun (communiquer) s tutlayt-nsen.
D acu kan, asaḍuf-agi yefka-yas izerfan-is diɣ i yal aterras (individu) di tmurt, ladɣa i wid ur nettmeslay ara tisṭunit, dɣa uɣalen wigi ttalasen ur sseqdacen ara tisṭunit akk d ddewla yernu zemren ad d-xedmen lekwaɣeḍ-nsen s trusit. Amagrad wis 3 n usaḍuf-agi yeqqar-d d akken (t)aterras(t) ur nettmeslay ara tisṭunit yettalas/tettalas ad yesselḥu/tesselḥu lumuṛ-is s trusit di tsuda (institutions) n ddewla akk d unabaḍ, akk d tsuda, tikebbaniyin d tuddsiwin (organisations) n Tegduda Tanemlayt Tasuvyatit n Isṭunya. Asaḍuf-agi yedǧa diɣ ula d asselmed s tutlayt tarusit ad ikemmel, dɣa nezmer ad d-nini d akken asaḍuf-a yeḥrez tarusit u yefka-yas tamkant i yiman-is di tmurt n Isṭunya, d acu kan, yesselha diɣ s waṭas amkan n tutlayt tisṭunit.
Yella-d diɣ di tallit-nni usaḍuf i lmend n weḥraz n tdersiyin (minorités) nniḍen, dɣa d anect-nni ara tent-yedǧen ad sɛunt iɣerbazen s tutlayinnsent. Asadu'f-agi yedǧa diɣ ad d-ilin wahilen (programmes) n rṛadyu d tilibizyu s tutlayin n tdersiyin timecṭaḥ n Isṭunya u ad d-ilint ula d tisuda akk d trebbaɛ tidelsanin ara iqedcen i lmend n weḥraz n yedles n yegduden-agi. Asadu'f-agi d win ay d-yewwin abaɣur (lfayda) meqqren i yegduden nniḍen imecṭaḥ nniḍen n Isṭunya, menɣir Irusiyen, imi igduden-a werǧin sɛin izerfan idelsanen di tallit tasuvyatit. Asaḍuf-agi ihi yedǧa tidersiyin timecṭaḥ (ad ɛiwdent) ad ldint iɣerbazen akk d tdusa-nsent, yernu i tikkelt tamenzut deg umezruy, yesteɛṛef unabaḍ isṭuni s tdersiyin timecṭaḥ nniḍen akken ay yesteɛṛef s Yirusiyen, dɣa yeɛdel ger n yegduden merṛa yettidiren di tmurt-is yernu yefka-yasen llsas ibedden ɣef usaḍuf (lqanun) akken ad snernin iman-nsen (ɣef umedya uɣalen merṛa ttalasen ad sseɣren igerdan-nsen s tutlayin-nsen).
Uɣalen ihi Yirusiyen ttalasen kan ad sqedcen tutlayt-nsen deg wayen ḥwaǧen, am nitni am yegduden nniḍen di Isṭunya, yernu anect-a yekkes seg wallaɣen n medden tikta-nni n tesnakta (idéologie) ay yettwalin d akken d tarusit ay ilaqen ad tili d tutlayt i yes ara ttemsefhamen yegduden wagar-asen neɣ diɣ, takti-nni ay yettwalin d akken tidersiyin nniḍen tewwi-d ad ttmeslayent dǧent akk tutlayin-nsent akken ad ttmeslayent tarusit, d tikta i yes yella iqeddec zik unabaḍ asuvyati. D acu kan, xas tenqes tezmert n trusit di Isṭunya, mazal sɛan Yirusiyen di tmurt-a izerfan i yes ifen tidersiyin nniḍen di tmurt-a. Yuɣ lḥal, lemmer ad nuɣal ɣer tidet, asaḍuf n tutlayin n 1989 ur d-igli ara s ubeddel ameqqran di tegnit i deg llant tutlayin uqbel n yimir-n, wanag yedǧa tagnit akken tella u yeḍmen-asen kan i yegduden n tmurt ad lemmden tutlayin-nsen deg uɣerbaz, am wakken ara tesɛu tisṭunit aẓayer ɛlayen ɣer Yisṭuniyen u ad tesɛu trusit aẓayer ɛlayen ɣer Yirusiyen. Asadu'f n tutlayin n 1989 yefka-yas i tisṭunit aẓayer n tutlayt taɣelnawt, d tutlayt n ddewla akk d tedbelt (administration) yernu d tin i yes ara yettmeslay weḥric meqqren di tmetti, xas ulamma nettat deg wennar, yerra-tt umezruy d tutlayt tameddarsut (minoritaires) di tmurt-is, imi di tilawt (en réalité). Dɣa xas tuɣal tisṭunit d tutlayt taɣelnawt, maci d nettat ay d tutlayt ay izerɛen mliḥ di tmurt, maci d nettat ay fehhmen akk medden : di lweqt i deg amur meqqren seg yimezdaɣen n Isṭunya zemren ad tt-sellken s trusit, ala kan amur amecṭuḥ seg yimezdaɣen n Isṭunya ur nelli ara d Isṭuniyen ay yessnen tisṭunit akken ilaq.
Dɣa assebded n usaḍuf-agi yeldi-d tiwwura akken ad beddlent tzemmar n tmurt ifassen, u ad d-yeglu wanect-a s tlalit n tedɣert (élite) tamaynut di Isṭunya. Nnig waya, imi ulac aṭas n tɣawsiwin ay ibeddlen ɣef wid yettmeslayen tarusit di tmurt-a (imi tamusni n tisṭunit tettwacreḍ-d kan seg weḥric amecṭuḥ seg-sen), tkemmel lqella n wemsefham ger n Yisṭuniyen akk d Yirusiyen, yernu anect-a yegla-d s wuguren nniḍen ay yeldin tiwwura i tmura tiberṛaniyin akken ad d-grent iman-nsent di tɣawsiwin n tidaxliyin n Isṭunya. Imi ahilen (programmes) n unabaḍ n yimir-n ssulin kan leḥsabat-nsen ɣer lqerb di lweqt i deg dǧan timsal i ɣef ilaq ad ssalin leḥsabat ɣer lbeɛd, am usselmed akk d unekcum n tmurt di trebbaɛ tigraɣlanin, tḥulfa Isṭunya d akken tewwi-d fell-as, di tegnit-agi n wuguren ay d-ilulen, ad teg aḥurif nniḍen yifen amenzu-nni akken ad tesselhu tagnit n tutlayin di Isṭunya.
Akken ad tessiweḍ Isṭunya s iswiyen-yines deg wayen yerzan asaḍuf-nni n tutlayin, tessebded-d acḥal n tsuda di tedbelt (administration). Akken ad d-yelhu unabaḍ d usselmed n tisṭunit i Yirusiyen imeqqranen yettidiren di Isṭunya, yessebded-d, s yiwen n usaḍuf deg wass n 13 Meɣres 1989, yiwen n useqqamu d uslig (spécial) umi isemma Ammas n Tutlayt Tisṭunit. Ma deg wass n 31 Meɣres 1989, terna tessebded-d Isṭunya Aseqqamu n Weḥraz n Tutlayt. Asmi ay d-yelfa d akken aseqqamu-ya ur d-yewwi ara abaɣur (lfayda) deg wayen yerzan asnas (application) n usaḍuf-nni n tutlayin, yessebded-d unabaḍ deg wass n 23 Nwembeṛ 1990, Aseqqamu n Tutlayt Taɣelnawt, i lmend n waya. Yuɣal Useqqamu-yagi d udus (organisme) ameqqran akk di tmurt ay d-yelhan d tɣawsiwin n tutlayt di Isṭunya, dɣa yelha-d s umata d temsal n usseqdec n tutlayt tisṭunit di Isṭunya akk d usselmed-ines s yisem-is d tutlayt tayemmat neɣ d tutlayt tis snat i yimezdaɣen n Isṭunya, am wakken diɣ ay yettɛawan Useqqamu n Tutlayt Taɣelnawt tutlayin timeddursa nniḍen u yelha-d d wasnas n yisuḍaf ay tent-yerzan. Iswiyen imeqqranen n Useqqamu-yagi nitni d assebded n tsertiyin n tutlayt akk d yiɣawasen (plans) i lmend n wesnerni n tutlayt, u yekcem deg waya weḍfar n wesnas n Usaḍuf n Tutlayin, asselhu n tarrayin (méthodes) n usselmed, aḍfar leqdicat yeqqnen ɣer tmawalt (léxique) d yismawen usligen (noms propres) akk d yeḍfar n leqdicat yeqqnen ɣer tesnilsit tamettit (sociolinguiste). D acu kan, di 1997, yuɣal Useqqamu-yagi d udus kan yettqaraɛen ma yella iteddu mliḥ leqdic ɣef tutlayt neɣ ala.
Di Yulyu n 1993, yessebded-d uselway n Isṭunya Lennart Meri ayen umi isemma Tadabut Timdewweṛt n Uselway (Table Ronde Présidentielle), d agraw ameɣlal (permanent) i deg ay d-ttemlilin yigensasen (représentants) n tdersiyin n tmurt d wid ur nesɛi ara taɣlent (nationalité) tisṭunit akk d yimaslaḍen n wemni (membres du parlement) n Isṭunya i lmend n wembaddel n leṛyuy akk d ussenqes n teɛdawt ger n trebbaɛ tisertiyin yemxallafen n yegduden yettidiren di tmurt-a.
Tiɣawsiwin yelhan akk d tid n d iri i yes d-yegla usaḍuf n tutlayin amezwaru d tid ay yuɣalen ttwaḍfarent s lqerb. Asmi ay walan Yisṭuniyen d akken tallit n uɛeddi si tegnit ɣer tayeḍ deg wayen yerzan tutlayin tfuk, yernu assebded n tmenḍawt tisṭunit tamaynut di 1992 yecreḍ-d ad tbeddel tegnit n tutlayin di Isṭunya, ɛezmen ihi Yisṭuniyen ad d-sbedden asaḍuf n tutlayin amaynut ara d-yemyezgen d tallit-agi ay d-ikecmen. I lmend n waya, ɛawden ssulin Yisṭuniyen leḥsabat-nsen deg wayen yerzan amek ara ssemyezwaren iswiyen-nsen deg wayen yerzan tasertit-nsen n tutlayin, dɣa imi iswi n Isṭunya n yimir-n netta d lebni n tmurt i uzekka, fernen yemḍebbren ad as-fken i tmurt yiwet kan n tutlayt ara icerken akk imezdaɣen-is, d tin i yes ara tebnu tmurt, dɣa rran tisṭunit d tutlayt tamenzut i wid yettmeslayen tisṭunit yernu d tutlauyt tis snat i wid ur tt-nettmeslay ara. Imi ay tuɣal tisṭunit d tutlayt n ddewla akk d tin n Yisṭuniyen ay d-yekkren yis-s, tewwi-d ad sqeɛden tutlayt-a, ad as-gen ilugan yernu ad tt-rren d tutlayt tizeɣt (standard) akken ad tezmer ad tuɣal d tutlayt i yes ara tlehḥu ddewla. Nnig waya, tewwi-d diɣ ɣef ddewla ad tqabel yiwet n tegnit iṣeɛben i deg ay tebɣa ad tesnerni tutlayt tisṭunit akken ad tt-terr d tutlayt ara fehhmen akk yimezdaɣen n tmurt, ula d wid ur tt-nettmeslay ara (ladɣa Irusiyen), dɣa tewwi-d ad txemmem Isṭunya ɣef wamek ara d asen-tesselmed tutlayt tisṭunit i yineggura-ya, ladɣa imi ay izemren ad ḥulfun d akken almad n tutlayt tisṭunit s yisem-is d tutlayt-nsen tis snat, d taɛkemt kan ara d asen-d-yernu.
Annar wis sin yesɛan azal meqqren i ɣef d-tewwi ad xemmem i usebded n usaḍuf amaynut n tutlayin netta d win n yeqqnen ɣer tsertit n usselmed n tutlayin tiberṛaniyin, ladɣa deg wayen yerzan almad-nsent akk d usseqdec-nsent di kra n yinurar n leqdic (takkast -douane-, iqeddicen yeqqnen ɣer tmerrayt -tourisme-, atg.). Dɣa ma mazal Isṭunya ur teẓwir ara deg yinurar-agi, ur tettazmar ara ad tekcem u ad taf iman-is di trebbaɛ tigraɣlanin n laman (am Temsisa Taṭlasit -OTAN) neɣ tirebbaɛ tudmisin (économiques) am Tdukli Tuṛufit (Union Européenne), dɣa ilaq ɣef tmurt-a ad teẓwer akken ad d-tessewjed iman-is akken ilaq deg yinurar n tmerrayt akk d tnezzawt (commerce) tagraɣlant.
Ma d annar wis tlata, d win yeqqnen s assebded n weḥkim (contrôle, régulation) deg wayen yerzan assaɣen (ralations) n tezmert yellan ger n tutlayin timeddursa akk d usselmed-nsent. Dɣa llan sin n leqdicat ay ilaqen ad ttwaxedmen deg wennar-agi : tukksa n unagraw (système) ay d-yettwaweṛten si tallit tasuvyatit, win i deg ala kan d tarusit ay yettusexdamen i lmend n usselḥu n tmurt yernu igduden nniḍen tewwi-d fell-asen ad dǧen akk tutlayin-nsen akken ad ddmen tarusit, ladɣa imi anagraw-agi yuɣal ass-a d ssebba i unulfu n yemgerraden (conflits) ger n trebbaɛ [ɣef umedya, wid yessnen ala kan tarusit, atni ass-a ttwaɛezlen, yernu beɛden ɣef wakk inurar imaynuten n leqdic di Isṭunya], am wakken ay ilaq ad d-yexleq unabaḍ tagnit i deg tidersiyin timecṭaḥ nniḍen, meḥsub wid ur nelli d Iṣtuniyen wala d Irusiyen, ad zemrent ula d nitenti ad ḥerzent tutlayin akk d yidelsan-nsent. Dɣa deg wayen yerzan anect-a, acḥal d abrid ay tɛawen ddewla tirebbaɛ-agi s yedrimen akken ad gen aṭas n yiqeddicen idelsanen neɣ ɣef tutlayin-nsen. D acu kan, tamsalt-nni tamenzut ay d-nebder, tin yerzan Irusiyen akk d leqdic n unabaḍ akken ad asen-yessiɣ tanumi d tegnit-agi tamaynut d ayen yeḥwaǧen tazmert tasertit tameqqrant akk d tallalt (lemɛawna) taberṛanit.
Ihi ɣef llsas n yeswiyen-agi akk ay d-yessebded unabaḍ isṭuni tasertit-is tamaynut n tutlayin i deg llan wugar n 70 n yisuḍaf, ama d wid ay d-yeddan di tmenḍawt neɣ d isuḍaf akk d warraten (actes) nniḍen imecṭaḥ ay d-iḍefren sakin. Yuɣ lḥal, llsas ameqqran n yisuḍaf n Isṭunya netta d tamenḍawt (constitution) yernu taneggarut-agi tettwafren deg wass n 28 Yunyu 1992 u tebda tqeddec tmurt yis-s deg wass n 3 Yulyu 1992. Tamenḍawt-a tesdukel ama d ansay (tradition) n yisuḍaf isṭuniyen n wasmi ay tewwi Isṭunya azarug-is (indépendance) amenzu [ger n 1920 d 1940], ama d isuḍaf ay d-tewwi ad ten-id-ternu tmurt ɣef idra n ubeddel n tegnit tagraɣlant. Tamenḍawt-agi teqqar-d d akken Isṭunya d Awanek-aɣlan (Etat-nation) yernu d Awanek (ddewla) yedduklen seg yidis n tsertit (Amagrad 2), akka i wakken ur ttazmaren ara yegduden n tmurt-agi ad d-gen timiwa tifulmanin (autonomes) i yiman-nsen. Dɣa ayen tessefra ad t-teg Isṭunya i lmend n lebni n tmurt s tsertit-agi-yines tamaynut n tutlayin, meḥsub assebded n tutlayt ara icerken akk imezdaɣen n tmurt akk d wethelli di tutlayin timeddursa nniḍen d ayen diɣ ay d-tebder ula d tamenḍawt n tmurt, yernu nezmer ad ten-id-nessegzel am wakka :
- Tutlayt ara yeduklen imezdaɣen n Isṭunya deg wakal akk n tmurt nettat d tutlayt tisṭunit.
- Tidersiyin ttalasent ad issinent snat n tutlayin, tisṭunit -tutlayt taɣelnawt- akk d tutlayin-nsent timeddursa.
Yuɣ lḥal, nezmer ad d-nini d akken isuḍaf yerzan tutlayt zgan ttbeddilen di Isṭunya yernu d tiɣawsiwin tisertiyin n daxel n tmurt akk d lḥeṛs ara d-sseḥṛasent tmura tiberṛaniyin ay yedǧan abeddel-agi ad d-yili. Dɣa, xas ma yella tamenḍawt di 1992 ay tt-id-sbedden, maca asaḍuf amaynut n tutlayin ur t-id-sbedden ara alammi d 1995. Tuɣ, isuḍaf n tutlayt akk d tiqqermi (citoyenneté) n 1995 ldint tiwwura i werkad n tmetti akk d lebni n tmurt iǧehden, yernu isuḍaf-agi ur smenyafen ula d yiwen n wegdud ɣef wayeḍ di Isṭunya wanag ttusqedcen kan d allal i lmend n wesdukel n yimezdaɣen merṛa n tmurt. Qrib yal amdan yettidiren s wudem n usaḍuf (légalement) di Isṭunya yettalas ad yessuter u ad t-id-tṣaḥ teɣlent (nationalité) tisṭunit, akken yebɣu yili laṣel-is yernu anect-a akk yesskan-d d akken abeddel n tmetti tisṭunit d win ara tt-yettawin deg webrid n tugdut, n tullya akk d uqader n yizefan n wemdan.
D acu kan, tutlayt tisṭunit n wass-a yedǧa-tt zzman ɣer deffir deg wayen yerzan taknussna (technologie). Timacinin n tsuqilt (machines de traduction) akk d wahilen n weɛqal n wawal melmi kan ay d-yebda unadi fell-asen akken ad ten-id-xedmen, iseɣẓanen (logiciels) s tisṭunit mazal-iten qlilit yernu ayen ay d-yeffɣen yagi deg wennar-a qlil kan anda ay yettuseqdac yernu ilaq ad d-nini d akken d anabaḍ ur d anabaḍ ay yessawḍen ɣer tegnit-agi umi ay werǧin yefka azal i temsalt-a. D acu kan, Aseqqamu n Tutlayt Tisṭunit yessebded-d asenfar (projet) i lmend n wesnerni n tutlayt tisṭunit deg useggas n 2001, u yekcem leqdic-agi di leqdicat n Useggas Uṛufi n Tutlayin, dɣa atan yekkat Useqqamu ass-a akken ad d-yessaki medden akk d trebbaɛ ay terza temsalt ɣef tḍullit (nécéssité) n tifin n tifrat i lexṣaṣ n ttawil atrar (moderne) s tutlayt tisṭunit akk d wayen ilaqen ad yettwaxdem i lmend n wesnerni n tisṭunit deg wennar-agi.
Tamselyut, Iseddagen & Izdayen Iberraniyen[beddel]
- http://imedyazen1.tripod.com/ Sɣur n Mart Rannut, Tasdawit n usselmed n Talinn Tasuqilt sɣur Omar MOUFFOK d Abbas IFERḤATEN.


text:
7 Ibrir 2011, sɣur K. Bouamara
"Tiẓrakti taɛrabt-tineslemt d tikerkas iɣef tebna, imi akal-a ideg nella ass-a mačči aɛrab, acku d amaziɣ, d aqbayli ; d tikerkas, imi taqbaylit/tamaziɣt d tutlayt n Yiqbayliyen/Ilmaziɣen– imawlan n wakal n Tmurt ; d tikerkas, imi nekni s Yiqbayliyen, s Yimaziɣen, s umata, mačči d Aɛraben, acku ur aɣ-tesseɛreb, ur aɣ-tesseɛrib tneslem..."
Mass Aselway uɛḍil n Umussu n Timanit i Tmurt n Leqbayel,
Massen iɛeggalen n Umussu,
Mass, Massa, Tamsiwt,
Azul fell-awen, azul fell-awent
Riɣ ad d-mmeslayeɣ ɣef wayen i yuɣen tamurt-nneɣ ass-a d yiḍelli, ɣef wuguren i d-tettmagar yal ass, uguren yerzan yal aḥric : tasertit, tadamsa, tazmert, taɣuri d uselmed akked wiyaḍ ; maca smentifeɣ ad d-awiɣ awal-iw ass-a ɣef tsebbiwin i tt-yessawḍen ɣer da.
Anagraw anserti i das-fkan at udabu i tmurt n Lezzayer deffir tmunnent-ines deg 1962 yebded ɣef kra n tgejda, gar-asent tmezgiyin, gar-asent daɣen timexḍiyin ; gar tgejda timezgiyin ur nbeddel ara seg tazwara n timunnent ar ass-a, ad d-nebder tiẓrakti taɛrabt-tineslemt.
Tiẓrakti-ya ad tt-naf tura deg yisaḍufen n tmurt-a, gar-asent timendawin n-is ; ad tt-naf tezga deg yal tasuddut n uwanek (aɣerbaz, tamesgida, tiliẓri d yimaṭṭafen, taɣamsa, …) i tt-izerrɛen ssbeḥ meddi deg wallaɣen n Yizzayriyen akked Tezzayiyin.
Tiẓrakti-ya, i d-wwin at tsertit yeɣran deg tmura n Waɛraben n ccerq (Maser, Lɛiraq, Ccam), i ibedden ɣef sin n yiḍarren, taɛrabt akked tneslemt, i iɛezlen akkit ayen ur nelli d aɛrab-ineslem, i iḥermen at tmurt seg umezruy-nsen lqayen, seg tutlatin-nsen tiyemmatin, seg yidelsan-nsen akked leɛwayed-nsen inesliyen, …
Tiẓrakti-ya, mebla ccekk, d yiwet n tsebbiwt gar tsebbiwin i yessawḍen tamurt n Lezzayer s anda tewweḍ ass-a ; tewweḍ, sawḍen-tt s anda lluẓen warraw-is, ɣas akken tamurt tsab, teggender, imi lgaz d lpiṭrul ttkefkufen ; tewweḍ, sawḍen-tt ad gezmen asirem i yilemẓiyen akked tlemẓiyin n tmurt-a, imi ulac win ur nessarem ara, ur nettargu ara ad d-yeǧǧ tamurt-a deffir-s, ad yunag ɣer tmura n Lurup d tid n Marikan…
Tiẓrakti-ya ur nebni ɣef sseḥ wala tidet, ur nebdid ɣef tlelli wala tugdut, tewweḍ ɣer taggara-s, imi idabuten n tmura « taɛrabin-tinselmin » ɣellin wa deffir wa ussan-a ineggura. Am wakken i gan at tmurt n Leqbayel deg yiseggasen n 1980, iɣerfan n tmura-ya suturen ass-a tilelli akked tugdut, suturen izerfan-nsen di yal aḥric n tudert (tawuri, tanezduɣt, tazmert, taɣuri, …).
Tiẓrakti-ya ur tebni ara kan ɣef yiɣil akked yimerẓi, ɣef temḥeqranit, ɣef lbaṭel, ɣef meḥyaf, ɣef txidas, ɣef tukerḍiwin… ɣer Leqbayel, ɣer Yimaziɣen, s umata, tiẓrakti-ya tebna ɣef wayen yugaren akkit aya, acku deg-s tikerkas, deg-s nnker, deg-s aḥerrem n yimawlan n wakal seg wayen lan : tutlayt, idles, amezruy, taktayt, …
D tikerkas iɣef tebna, imi akal-a ideg nella ass-a mačči aɛrab, acku d amaziɣ, d aqbayli ; d tikerkas, imi taqbaylit/tamaziɣt d tutlayt n Yiqbayliyen/Ilmaziɣen– imawlan n wakal n Tmurt ; d tikerkas, imi nekni s Yiqbayliyen, s Yimaziɣen, s umata, mačči d Aɛraben, acku ur aɣ-tesseɛreb, ur aɣ-tesseɛrib tneslemt, akken ur aɣ-terri ara tkatulikit d Ilaṭiniyen neɣ d Iregrigiyen ; d tikerkas, imi amezruy n tmurt-a ur yebdi ara seg wasmi d-yeẓdem ɛuqba Bnu-Nafeɛ d lɛesker-is ad aɣen akal n Tmazɣa s yiɣil ; d tikerkas i d-nnan, i d-qqaren yal ass, acku asmi d-yerza ɛuqba s akal n Tmazɣa, yufa-d amezruy n Yimaziɣen ɣezzif s wacḥal n leqrun, yufa-d dinna lxalat d tigellidin, …
D annect-a akkit i tenker, i tnekker yal ass Lezzayer tunsibt, Lezzayer taɛrabt-tineslemt ; tenker-aɣ nekni, tenker tutlayt-nneɣ, idles-nneɣ, amezruy n tmurt-nneɣ, taɣerma-nneɣ …
Amezruy n tmurt-nneɣ, Tamazɣa, ur yecbi ara win Mekka d Lmadina, win n at Quric, ur yebdi ara deg lqern wis 7 (deffir S. ɛisa), yebda asmi d-tlul ddunit… Imaziɣen ddren, llan yakan di tallit n Rum d Qerṭak ; di Tmazɣa, uqbel lqern wis 7, mačči d « lǧahiliya » i yellan ; i yellan d Igelliden am Mass-nsen , Yugur-ten ; i yellan d imussnawen n teklizt am St Augustin, St Donat, i yellan d imyura imeqqranen yecban Apulée …
Taɣerma n Yimaziɣen ɣezzif umezruy-is, tella asmi llan Iferɛunen, asmi i yella Rum akked Qerṭaj, maca asmi d-terza tneslemt s akal n Tmazɣa, Imaziɣen gren-d ifassen-nnsen, sawḍen ddin-a armi d Maser, sawḍen-t armi d tama n wadda n tmura n Lurup…
D amezruy-a i yenker, i inekker udabu n Lezzayer taɛrabt-tineslemt ; lemmer d lebɣi tili sin n lesnaf n yimezruyen i yettwaselmaden deg lakul n tmurt-nneɣ : amezruy n tmurt akked win n ddin, gar-asen tineslemt ; lemmer d lebɣi tili ur yuɣal ara umezruy n tɣerma taɛrabt-tineslemt deg win n tmurt n Yimaziɣen.
Tella daɣen tkerkest-nniḍen ur iqebbel ara leɛqel : akken i tella deg tmendawt akked yisaḍufen-nniḍen n Lezzayer tunsibt, tawennaṭ tasnilsant ur tseḥḥa, ur deg-s tidet. Yessefk ad d-nini, ad naru belli taqbaylit/tamaziɣt mačči kan d « tutlayt taɣelnawt », d tutlayt tayemmat n waṭas n Yizzayriyen akked Tezzayriyin, am wakken i tella « taɛrabt tazzayrit » d tutlayt tayemmat n Yizzayriyen-nniḍen, ɣas akken ur ukin, ur as-gin azal ; yessefk daɣen ad d-nini belli « taɛrabt n uwanek » i izemren ad tili tunsibt, ur telli werǧin d taɣelnawt, imi ur telli ara d tutlayt tayemmat n kra n Uzzayri …
Deg wadeg n tyuga tutlayin tiyemmatin/tut. Timuddurin, deg Lezzayer tunsibt seqdacen tayuga-nniḍen : tut. Tiɣelnawin-tunsibin/tiwerdalin… ɣef wakka ay ulac deg lakul n Lezzayer « la maternelle », ɣef wakka i yella kan « le préscolaire »….
D tisebbiwin-a akkit, gar-asent tid i d-nebder iwsawen, i daɣ-yeǧǧan numen ur yettaf ara iman-is Uqbayli deg uwanek-a aɛrab-ineslem ; d tisebbiwin-a i daɣ-yeǧǧan nekkat ad nesbedd awanek amaynut ideg ara afen Yizwawen iman-nsen, tutlayt-nsen tayemmat, amezruy-nsen, taɣerma-nsen…
Tegra-d tneqqiṭ taneggarut bɣiɣ ad awen-d mmeslayeɣ fell-as. Imawlan-nneɣ ǧǧan-aɣ-d anagraw n tugdut swayes leḥḥut tudrin n Leqbayel armi d asmi i t-terẓa Fransa, gar 1830 akked 1962, yerna ikemmel-as udabu n Lezzayer. Tugdut-a i nebɣa ad d-nesbedd ass-a, tella deg tmetti-nneɣ n zik-nni… D tidet, d tugdut mebla tikkin n lxalat ahat, am wakken i tella di Athènes, am wakken i tella di Rum, am wakken i tella di tmura n Lurup n tazwara n lqern wis 20… Anagraw-a n tugdut i daɣ-d-ǧǧan lejdud ur tt-yeffiɣ ara nnun, d tidet ilaq ad tt-nseggem, ad tt-nleqqem … Maca, akken yebɣu ixuss unagraw-a n tugdut, yif « tugdut » i yellan deg La République Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire …
sell i yinaw n Pr Kamal Bouamara:
Anda i lliɣ ? Axxam > Dagi & Tura
Annoncer et faire de la publicité sur Tamurt
Service Online Tamurt : Rencontres | Emplois | Recherche | Petites-Annonces | Loisirs | Naissances, Mariages, Nécrologie | Abonnement | E-paper
Tamurt associated websites : Tamurt.tv | Kabylei.eu
Copyright 2009 - TAMURT GmbH, Sitz : München, HRB 190566 | USt-IdNr.: DE275782578


text:
Lemwaji n yillel agrakal yettmirjiḥen s leɛdez ɣef aman, ttmettatent ɣef leḥwaci n usagen n Lzayer tamannaɣt. Tizegzewt n yigenni tewcem inni-ines ɣef udem n lebḥer ur d‑neclig deg ayen iḍerrun deg uḍeḥḍaḥ n imeɣrasen. Ma d netta yellan d amɣar, yulli-d deg ul-is wesḥissef, am waddal ɣef tasa, di lawan deg lɣim yecrured deg allen-is tizegza akken ad yeḥku leḥzen-is ɣef wegdud yeddan di tzenqatin n meɣrud. Abeḍḍaḥḍaḥ n yimeɣrasen yeččur d iserdasen s‑iɛekkzen deg uffus, dɣel deg allen , leḥmeq deg ulawen. Takemmict –nni n yemyesbayniyen i d‑yeǧǧan tabɣest akken ad lḥun, tezder ddaw ẓẓur i ten-id-yemmugren, armi uɣalen qrib ur d‑ttbanen ara amzun ur llin neɣ fsin deg ugni. Ma d netta amɣar n 90 iseggasen yerfed s tmuɣli nnig yemṣulta s wallen yeččuren d asirem. Tamuɣli-s temderkal ɣef waraw n wedgud yettwakren i wegdud akken ad regglen abrid zdat n wegdud, ihuz aqqeru-s yeffer deg ul-is leḥzen . Deg igenni rruplan mazal tettmesḥilliq, teddewwir am yisɣi nnig iqerra n yemdanen. Zhir-is yuɣal d acqirrew i ṣṣwab, yuɣal d nneqma i lmeɛqul. Ifrax yennumen asriffeg nnig lemwaji n yillel agrakal, rewlen deg akken ttuceblen s yir ṭṭir (n wuzzal) isen-yeksen amkan. Allen n yimesbaniyen wehhan s lxeẓra ɣer iqudam n yemṣulṭa amer ad ssefrun s wacu ḥecren wulawen–nsen . Ma d netta isenden ɣef 90 issagesen di lɛemer-is, allen-is ffalent akkin i yiserdasen akken ad ḥekrent deg ilmeẓyen yeččan tijɛal akken ad ilin d asergal zdat n tikli n watmaten-nsen. Allen-is ssurgent imeṭṭi, acku neflent i tugna n wass-a dlent ɣef yir imal i ten-yeggunin nutni ur ẓran. Imal ? Di ṣṣehd n tlallit –is yesrugmut s lmut, yessawal i lehmum, ifettel di ssiɛqat, yettnawal tiwuɣa ugarent tid yennulfan iḍelli d wass-a. Amɣar yezdin lqed n tnekra ɣef 90 isseggasen di laɛmer, yeẓra deg ul n wul-is mazal ur fuken ara leǧruḥ, mazal ad ilin wid ara yesserɣen deg yiman-nsen, wid ara yeddmen tiflukin n « lḥelyan » akken ad awin abrid n trewla, mazal ad mejdent lxalat... Akka di Lẓẓayer tamannaɣt, anda ibedd ilemẓi n 90 iseggasen, yefka-d tamsirt n tirrugza. Yugi ad d‑yini ma d tasa neɣ d lǧehd i t‑isselḥuyen. Ma d wid yeẓran ḥṣan belli d tilelli i s‑yettagen afriwen. Akka i d Ɛli Yeḥya Ɛebdenur.
Lemwaji n yillel agrakal yettmirjiḥen s leɛdez ɣef aman, ttmettatent ɣef leḥwaci n usagen n Lzayer tamannaɣt. Tizegzewt n yigenni tewcem inni-ines ɣef udem n lebḥer ur d‑neclig deg ayen iḍerrun deg uḍeḥḍaḥ n imeɣrasen. Ma d netta yellan d amɣar, yulli-d deg ul-is wesḥissef, am waddal ɣef tasa, di lawan deg lɣim yecrured deg allen-is tizegza akken ad yeḥku leḥzen-is ɣef wegdud yeddan di tzenqatin n meɣrud.
Abeḍḍaḥḍaḥ n yimeɣrasen yeččur d iserdasen s‑iɛekkzen deg uffus, dɣel deg allen , leḥmeq deg ulawen. Takemmict –nni n yemyesbayniyen i d‑yeǧǧan tabɣest akken ad lḥun, tezder ddaw ẓẓur i ten-id-yemmugren, armi uɣalen qrib ur d‑ttbanen ara amzun ur llin neɣ fsin deg ugni. Ma d netta amɣar n 90 iseggasen yerfed s tmuɣli nnig yemṣulta s wallen yeččuren d asirem. Tamuɣli-s temderkal ɣef waraw n wedgud yettwakren i wegdud akken ad regglen abrid zdat n wegdud, ihuz aqqeru-s yeffer deg ul-is leḥzen .
Deg igenni rruplan mazal tettmesḥilliq, teddewwir am yisɣi nnig iqerra n yemdanen. Zhir-is yuɣal d acqirrew i ṣṣwab, yuɣal d nneqma i lmeɛqul. Ifrax yennumen asriffeg nnig lemwaji n yillel agrakal, rewlen deg akken ttuceblen s yir ṭṭir (n wuzzal) isen-yeksen amkan. Allen n yimesbaniyen wehhan s lxeẓra ɣer iqudam n yemṣulṭa amer ad ssefrun s wacu ḥecren wulawen–nsen . Ma d netta isenden ɣef 90 issagesen di lɛemer-is, allen-is ffalent akkin i yiserdasen akken ad ḥekrent deg ilmeẓyen yeččan tijɛal akken ad ilin d asergal zdat n tikli n watmaten-nsen. Allen-is ssurgent imeṭṭi, acku neflent i tugna n wass-a dlent ɣef yir imal i ten-yeggunin nutni ur ẓran.
Imal ? Di ṣṣehd n tlallit –is yesrugmut s lmut, yessawal i lehmum, ifettel di ssiɛqat, yettnawal tiwuɣa ugarent tid yennulfan iḍelli d wass-a. Amɣar yezdin lqed n tnekra ɣef 90 isseggasen di laɛmer, yeẓra deg ul n wul-is mazal ur fuken ara leǧruḥ, mazal ad ilin wid ara yesserɣen deg yiman-nsen, wid ara yeddmen tiflukin n « lḥelyan » akken ad awin abrid n trewla, mazal ad mejdent lxalat...
Akka di Lẓẓayer tamannaɣt, anda ibedd ilemẓi n 90 iseggasen, yefka-d tamsirt n tirrugza. Yugi ad d‑yini ma d tasa neɣ d lǧehd i t‑isselḥuyen. Ma d wid yeẓran ḥṣan belli d tilelli i s‑yettagen afriwen. Akka i d Ɛli Yeḥya Ɛebdenur.