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Tagwaranit
Tagwaranit d tutlayt i sawalen di kuẓ n tmura timarikaniyin am Paraguay, Tarjentint, Bulibya, Brazil, daɣ d tutlayt tunṣibt n yiwen n uwanak n Temrikt n unẓul. D tutlayt n takat Tatupit-tagwaranit, ilan ddeqs n tantaliwin maca llant tegziwin gar-asent. Amḍan uɣrid : ad ilin azal n 5.114.000. n yemsawalen.
Tutlayt tunṣibt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tagwaranit d tutlayt tunṣibt di tmurt n Paragway, ɣer tama n Tespenyult seg useggas n 1992. Seg waggur n nwamber 2006 tuɣal d tutlayt tunṣibt n Merkusur, ɣer tama n tespenyult d Tpurtugit. Di tmurt n Bulibya ur telli tutlayt tunṣibt, maca Taspenyult tufrar (d tutlayt n tedbelt, n wannan d wallalen n usiweḍ). Di tmurt n Brazil tutlayt tunṣibt d Tapurtugit. Yella yiwen n usaḍuf ɣef tutlayin tiḍnin yerzan annan d uɣerbaz amenzu d amsinwal d agerdelsan (ger iderma yellan d iserwan n tmurt), di tilawt drus n iselmaden i yellan d imsinwalen yerna ffɣen-d deg iɣerbazen. Di tmurt n Terjentint ur telli tutlayt tunṣibt, maca tutlayt Taspenyult tufrar-d ger tiyaḍ (d tutlayt n tedbelt d wannan d wallalen n usiweḍ). Seg useggas 1993 tamurt-a tesuddes-d ahil n wannan d amsinwal (s snat n tutlayin) i yegduden iserwan n tmurt, maca iswi n wahil-a ur yelli d tasmelt n tutlayt tasrewt n tmurt, iswi ines d asidef n yegduden di tmetti (neɣ deg idles aɣelnaw) s ugmey d useɣri s tutlayt n tyemmat.
Font MELIÀ, B. (1992) La lengua guaraní del Paraguay. Historia, sociedad y literatura, Mapfre, Madrid. MELIÀ, B. (2002) «Usos y normas en el guaraní paraguayo», Congreso Mundial sobre Políticas Lingüísticas, Institut Linguapax, Barcelona, 16-20 ḍabril de 2002. Pàgina web de Linguapax. SILVA, R. i ZARRATEA, T. (2006) Intervenció al «IV Fòrum de les Llengües Ameríndies. Llengües ḍAmèrica: ús i normalització», Casa Amèrica, Barcelona, 23-24 de novembre de 2006.
Tantaliwin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Di taggayt n tantaliwin n Tegwaranit llant :
- Tambayt : mesalyen-tt di tmurt n Brazil azal n 5.000 n yemdanen. Di tmurt n Paraguay meslayen-tt azal n 8.000 n yemdanen. Di tmurt n Tarjentint mesalyen-tt azal n 2.500 n yemdanen.
- Tanyandibat/Taciript : meslayen-tt di tmurt n Paraguay azal n 3.000 ar 4.000 n yemdanen. Di tmurt n Brazil meslayen-tt azal n 2.500 n yemdanen.
- Tapayt tabaytira/kaywa : meslayen-tt di tmurt n Brazil azal n 15.000 n yemdanen. Di tmurt n Paragway azal n 11.000 n yemdanen. Di tmurt n Arjantina azal n 500 n yemdanen.
- Tagwaranit-taparagwayt : meslayen-tt di tmurt n Paraguay azal n 5 n imelyunen n yemdanen. Di tmurt n Brazil azal n 5.000 n yemdanen. Di tmurt n Arjantina azal n umelyun n yemdanen.
- Tacirigwant : d tutlayt meslayen di tmurt n Bolivya azal n 50.000 n yemdanen. Di tmurt n Tarjentint azal n 15.000 n yemdanen. Di tmurt n Paraguay azal n 300 n yemdanen.
- Tacita : llan 3 n yemsawalen deg udrum n 100 ar 250 n yemdanen di tmurt n Brazil (d tutlayt yellan ɣef tizi n nnger). Kra n yimeskaren rran tutlayt-a deg taggayt yellan deg yiwet di tseḍwa n Tegwaranit.
- Tacit/tagwayakit : llan ger 600 ar 900 n yemsawalen di tmurt n Paraguay. Kra n yimeskaren rran tutlayt-a deg taggayt yellan deg yiwet di tseḍwa n Tegwaranit.
Amezruy n tutlayt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg useggas n 1992, Tagduda n Paragway tessers tutlayt Tagwaranit d tutlayt tunṣibt n Uwanak ɣer tama n Tespenyult di tmendawt, amagrad 140. Anagar tutlayt-a ger tutlayin tihendiyin-timarikaniyin i ilan aẓayer unṣib. Ɣas akken tutlayt Tagwaranit teqqim d tutlayt n ger yemdanen neɣ d tutlayt n ubrid, d ayen i d-ibeggnen tutlayt Taspenyult d tutlayt n usiweḍ d tunṣibt. Tagwaranit ɣur-s azal d adday zdat Tespenyult d tutlayt n tmetti yufraren di yal tamurt n Marikan n unẓul. Paragway d tamurt mm-idelsan d tamsinwalt, maca Taspenyult tufrar-d ɣef tutlayin nniḍen.
Di tmurt n Paragway 88% n yemdanen sawalen Tagwaranit : 39,2% gar-asen sawalen anagar Tagwaranit, 48,9% gar-asen d imsinwalen, sawalen Tagwaranit d Tespenyulit, 6% deg ugdud sawalen anagar Taspenyult. Di tilawt imsawalen n Tegwaranit ad awḍen ɣer 95% yerna udduden ur d-sedduyen deg umḍan imsinwalen yessawalen tutlayt tis snat nnig Tespenyult. Asaka n tutlayt-a d asaka ur nelli di tmura n Marikan s timmad-is. Tigti n yemsawalen n tutlayt Tagwaranit di tmurt n Paragway d imellalen neɣ d iɣewwalen (métis). Igduden iserwanen yessawalen tutlayt Tagwaranit n Paragway - ɣef isalan n Udduden ɣef Ugdud d Tmezduɣin n 1992 – tutlayin yellan : Tapayt-tabytera : 8.026, Tambyat : 4.744, taba-katut : 6.918, tagwarayt : 1.254, Tapyitit : 1.827; Tacit : 639. Tutlayt Tagwaranit ass-a ttwalin-tt d tutlayt tagmaḍant iwmi fkan imawlan-is ugar n 35 n yismawen : s tespenyulit Yupara (tarwayt), Tripara (Tagwaranit-taspenyulit-tapurtugit), Tagwaranit tamagnut, Tagwaranit n tisreṭ, Tagwaranit n uɣerbaz, Tagwaranit teeti, Tagwaranit ymagwari, gwaranyiti, gwarani-gwarani, nyee indyu, gwaranyul, atg… Tella Tegwaranit tamagnut n yal ass i d-yufraren ɣef Tespenyult ama di tmawalt ama di temṣukt maca tella deg-s terwayt n wawalen n snat tutlayin-a. Ɣef ayen i d-yenna Melia, tutlayt Tagwaranit imira tettuɣal d tapijint neɣ d takriyult di tmurt n Paragway. Deg useggas n 1994, tekcem tutlayt Tagwaranit s aɣerbaz, maca aselmed di tigwti yeqqim s Tespenyult. Tagwaranit tusa-d d tallalt i ulmad n Tespenyult imi d tutlayt n uselmed n kraḍ iseggasen imezwura deg uɣerbaz amenzu. Taspenyult teqqim d tutlayt n uselmed n tɣuri d tira. Ɣer taggara anagar 55% n inelmaden ssawaḍen ɣer taggara n ulmad amenzu. Tutlayt Tagwaranit d tutlayt yellan di rradyu n tmurt n Paragway ddeqs n iseggasen aya akken tella di kra n wahilen n Tilibizyu. Ugar n tmida ur tli Tegwaranit iɣmisen ar almi d yebrir n 2006 i d-yeffeɣ uɣmis amenzu 'Ara' (ad d-iteffeɣ s waggur di tazwara…). Iɣlifen n yidles n Merkusur qeblen ass n 23 di nwamber n useggas 2006, asuter n tmurt n Paragway i usidef n tutlayt Tagwaranit d tutlayt tunṣibt ɣer tama n tutlayin Taspenyult d Tpurtugit. Di tmura nniḍen anida sawalen Tagwaranit am tmurt n Arjantina, tamurt n Bulibya, d tmurt n Brazil, tutlayt-a ur tli aẓayer unṣib. Di tmurt n Arjantina tella deg wallalen n usiweḍ : llan wahilen s Tegwaranit di rradyu d tilibizyu.
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tagwaranit". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.


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Toki Pona
Toki Pona tga yat tutlayt tawflsuft ittyubnan igan "artistic", tettyawssan s umawal-nns idrusn igzzuln. Tsnulfa-tt yat tmsnilst d tmssuɣlt igan Takanadit ism-as Sonja Lang, s uwttas n ussrxu n yixmmimn d umyalkam. Tettufsar i tikklt tamzwarut ammas n wantrnit asggʷas n 2001 amm yan "draft", fad ilmma tettufsar s talɣa-nns igan tummidt ɣ udlis igan s yism Toki Pona : Tutlayt n Wafulki asggʷas n 2014. Tsbuɣla ilmmadin d yixf-nns yat tmtti n yimssiwln imẓẓiyn zikk n tmrawant n 2000. Iẓli bahra ussmrs-nns s chat rooms, iẓṭṭa inmttiyn d yan mnnawt tgrummawin-yaḍnin, bla mayad, tettyawskarn f wudm-nns kra n yinmuggarn gr isggʷasn n 2000 d 2010.
Aẓuṛ n yism[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ittyawskar ism-nns s toki nna isnamkn tutlayt nɣ d awal, zɣ Tok Pisin tok, nna d-ikkan nttan nnit s yixf-nns "talk" n Tneglizt; d pona isnamkn afulki, zɣ bona (afulki) n Tspirantut, d-ikkan bonus n Tlatinit.
Awttas[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Sonja Lang (d iluln s yism n Elen Kisa), tbda ar tsbuɣlu ɣ Toki Pona amm yat tɣarast s issrxu/issifsus yan ixmmimn-nns kudnna as-ixub waḍu. Yan zɣ yiwttasn n Toki Pona akkʷ stawhmmanin, iga-t "minimalism". Manmk s izḍar yan ad iɛbbṛ f "maximum" n yinumak s "minimum" n "complexities". Zun d kra n pidgin, ar "concentrer" f kra yimiḍrann d yifrisn fssusnin; ganin imaḍlann dar kullu tidlsiwin. Gi-s 120 ar 125 uẓur n yiwaliwn, d 14 ufunim ittusgaddan afad ad ifsus f ususru i yimssiwln d-kkanin yan mennaw "language background". S "inspiration" n tflsuft tawẓerṭawiyt/taṭawiyt lli ikkan fll-as, iga yan zɣ iwttas-nns daɣ, ad tawes i yimssmrasn-nns ad "concentrer" ɣ tɣawsiwin lli ganin "basic" d ad "promoter" yan uswingem igan unnig, s umcacka d "hypothèse" n Sapir-Whorf ittinin mas da tssnfal tutlayt tamamkt n uswingm n middn si-s isawaln d manmk s da ttṣrrafn. Amawal-nns, mqqar idrus ar ttizḍurn imssiwln-nns ad myikizn d ad myalkamn d ingratsn, mayad s umata-nns, ar ilkkm f "context" d kra n "combination" n mennawt tguriwin ma s ad ittɛbbaṛ yan f wuggar n yinumak ẓlinin. zɣ iswiyn-nns yaḍnin; ad aɣuln imssmrasn-nns gan imfrak s wakud amiran, ad rarn uggar n tɣʷḍft s mad tn-issutuln d tguriwin lli ssmrasn middn. S yimi n tmskart-nns, tettyawskar Toki Pona afad ad tg yat tutlayt ifjjijn, ifuknnicn.
Amzruy[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Zɣ lliɣ as-tettufsar yat version igan tazaykut ammas n wantrnit asggʷas n 2001 zɣ dar Sonja Lang, tbbaqqi ilmmakin tutlayt-ad s tfessi, ar tt-zzuzurn imiran-nns. Amussu-nns akkʷ izwarn, yumẓ adɣar ɣ yat tgrumma ammas n Yahoo! Rẓmn gi-s igmamn-nns amsgdal d ingratsn s Tnglizt, Toki Pona d Tspirantut, ssumrn-as isnfaln, sawln f isugam ammas n usit n tokipona.org. Maximum-nns n igmamn akud-ann, izri 500 n ugmam.
- Msmun awal n SGSM : Msmun awal amatay asnmalay n tmaziɣt (MMSM)

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Asesmel atraw
Asesmel atraw deg tasnallunt iga d asesmel n yitran s unect n teskanin-is tiylalanin, anda tafesna n yitri taylalant tga d tafesna n yitri i d-igellmen as-ioni deg tissi tuffiɣt n yitri, anda i d-ittili usurres n ibelkimen i wakken ad brun i tafat ayen i d-ittaken tarrayt tallilt i wakat n teẓɣelt n tjumma n yitri.
Tettili-d tesladt n tafat i d-ittaken seg yitri s usefturi n isegra-ines sɣur n yiẓiki n wakkad, i wakken ad yili usefruri n ifutunen i d-ittasen s talɣa n ijerriden n tafat tla (tesɛa) initen n teslit n wenẓar yennebran s ijerriden n weskaf. Yal ajerrid n weskaf yemmal-d a-ion n kra uferdis akruran, dɣa tilin n ijerriden-a deg waggwa (aylal) yesskanay-d taẓɣelt n yitri yessemdayen ɣef wa-ion.
Imir-a, tuget n yitran ttwasisemlen s usemres n isekkilen O, B, A, F, G, K, M anda itran O ig ẓeɣlen yakk sin akin ṭṭafarent-id wid i d-izgan deffir-is alamma d asekkil M iga d asemmaṭ yamk gar-asen, s umata itran n O ttilin d izegzawen, B d izegzawen mellulen, A d imellalen, K d ičinayen, M d izeggaɣen maca ini n yitri yezmer ad yemgarad cwiya s unect n teẓɣelt-is d teskanin-is
Deg unagraw n usesmel n yitran amiran (igan d asesmel n Morgan–Keenan) tettili-d tmerniwt n wuṭṭunen seg 0 alammad 9 ɣer usekkil i d-immalen aylal (O B A F G K M) i wakken ad immal amraw (1/¹⁰) gar n sin n isekkilen imṭafaren, Amedya A5 uga d smus n imrawen gar n A0 d F0. Yerna yella usesmel niden ittwagber daɣen deg usesmel n Morgan–Keenan, aya iga d tadusi n waffaw s isekkilen yettwasnemlen s isekkilen iṛumaniyen I II III IV V
Tilmas n yitran[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Llant waṭas n telmas d wanawen n yitran. Dɣa wid yettarran ahidṛujin s talɣa turmidt s uzday aɣisan ɣer uhilium deg tlemmast-is ttwasemman itran n welkam agejdan, Talmest-a tga d tallit tamezwarut seld n tlallit akken ilant (sɛant) tasuddest takrurant yecban tasuddest n tfukt, itri ameqqran yakk deg ubleɣ gar n yitran n welkam agejdan d win ilan akdu meqqren d teẓeɣt yeflalen (ini-ines d azegzaw). Ableɣ n yitran-a yettili gar n 5% n ubleɣ n tfukt (azal n 109 n tegnit) i yitran yettilin s ddaw n welkam agejdan alamma d 10 n tikkal n ukdu n tfukt (itran izegzawen) ma d taẓɣelt tajummant tettili gar n 3.000° C (izeggaɣen) alamma d 50.000° C (izegzawen d imellalen).
Deg tazwara n tsut tis 20 imesnullanen bṭan itran ɣer 7 n tegrawin akken ifkan isekkilen ilatinen d azamul i d-immalen taẓɣelt tajummant.[1]
Tasladt n waggwa[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Amezruy n usesmel[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Asesmel n Harvard[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Asesmel amiran[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ẓeṛ daɣen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Immiren[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ asesmel atraw itran, azemz n unekcum 20/07/2009 Archived 2005-12-15 at the Wayback Machine


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Tira d tmijja: Karima Ouaali
Aá¹á¹as n warruḠi tesÉ£id wer ten-tariá¸ed-ca, aá¹á¹as n yidlisen i É£er-k wer ten-teÉ£rid ca, aá¹á¹as n leqcue di kuzina wer ten-tesxddimed ca, d waá¹á¹as n makiyaj i É£er-m i wer tegged ca. Di kul twalat teffÉ£ed zi taddart s ifassen xwan. Maca tetteeqqabed-dd zzag-sen eemmaren. Waxxa wer trezzud bu ad tesÉ£ed, maca tamáºa n usewweq i day-k É£er dixel wer tettyiwin. Tettlaáº, trezzu ad tecc, ad tseÉ£, ad tḥreá¸, ad txemmel bla lfaydet.
Tessned min xef nessawal ? Nessawal x llhef n usewweq niɣ n tmesɣiwet, wac nzemmar a nili mliḥ mala wer nesɣi merra manaya ?
Wah nzemmer !
Wah nzemmar a nieic bla manaya, d wa d awal i teqqar lḥaraka n uminimalizem niÉ£ asenqes zi tmesÉ£iwet d uÉ£asá¹ar n ttmenyat d lweqt di tmeslayin i wer daneÉ£-ineffeen.
Maca d amezwaru, ssneɣ ila ggur ad ayi-tessqsam ; min teena lminimalizem ?
Lminimalizem ttuÉ£a-tt zi zzman, É£er Ibudiyen, nitni ttbeddan x min illan É£er-s lhimmet di thudert-nsen d manaya nettaf-it É£er Ijapuniyen ead lux di tudert-nnsen á¸effarent, ttieicen zzay-s.
Maca lminimalizem tban-d deg iseggusa n settin zi lqern i yeedun, di New York aked ijjen temzyida n táºuri deg umarikan awarn-as temmutti É£er ddikur d lebni maca deg ussan-a imeggura lminimalizem dewlen aá¹á¹as n yiwdan i tt-iá¸effaren d tabridt di tudert-nnsen
Maca aked lweqt eawed tedwel d tabridt n tudert deg usuyar n lweqt, d macca d uÉ£asá¹ar.
S lminimalizem tzemmared ad tieiced tudert-nnec bla arrwina. S lweqt d ttmenyat i tá¸eyyaeed deg usewweq tzemmred ad tewced di mindi É£a tnefeed tudert-nnec. X uya, ataf ad tesḥussed s lefraḥet alaḥsab aá¹á¹as n imerzuten ig yarezzun di lminimalizem
Min umi tneffee lminimalizem ?
Ad tacid s tlelli deg wemcan mani É£a tilid, xmi É£a tená¸ared marra min wer tetteḥwijid. Ad teiced s tmeslayin i tetteḥwajid waha, awern-as a zzay-k imekkes umnus n ttmenyat n llhef n usewweq. S ijjen ḥajet aqa-tt É£er-k, tzemmared ad tesxdmed i waá¹á¹as n tmeslayin. Ttmenyat i É£er tá¸eyyeed, tzemmared ad zzay-sent tegged timeslayin nniá¸en i cek É£a yejjen tferḥed, terá¸id x yixf-nnec.
Mala trezzud ad tedwled la d ccek zeg iwdan ig iá¸effaren lminimalizm ?
Manaya ihwen, araḥi-d ad ac-mmleɣ mamec.
Seqsa ixef-nnec, temmarkned merra timeslayin tisebḥanin d teeffanin i ɣer-k ittemeawaden di taddart, ha aqqa-c amecnaw ɣer-k tnayen zi mkul lḥajet, amecnaw tnayen n tsira, rebea n stilawat, tnayen n kupiyat zeg ijjen lektab.
Smun kul icten zi leḥwyej-a, tesxdmed min ɣer-k, mala tufid ixef- nnec wer tettḥwijid ca, war x-as bu trezzud, ssen ila tzemmared ad tieiced s min ɣer-k.
S ijjen lḥajet ad zzay-s tsxedmed aá¹á¹as
D tanita n lminimalizem á¸effarent aá¹á¹as n yiwdan deg umaá¸al, d iwdan d imeqqranen É£er-sen cceneet-nnsen
Hi cekk lux, tzemmred ad tilid zi lminimalizem niɣ lla ?


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Gyude d kravtane d Malqyute d Armenia ina mupkiya tyare e Azer Vazirute d surarure d Malqyure d Armenia ila muryzta mapkete d tyRe d Azere ” le marze d Aremnaye-azere. Le sane d maghbarte d mala ka kayqe d Armenpres takhbrane d gyude d kravtane d davar gadame d galianute d cazirute d surarura Arcrun Hovhanusyan mughbrel kat aha tyara kat ila pahta mupkira bil gibe d kravtane d Aremnaye ila mn qyule timsnta tyare d Azere. Bu ila gyurta tyara op ila mapkuyagyurta nishe d Arane “,-mughbrel. Go pate d Facebok mughbrel kat go qyule Teevl aha ila le kamaya tyare d Mkat ila pshta mupkira. Vazirute d surarure d Malqyute d Aremnaye cidgo ila mukhchmta go pate d Facebok kat dakhi ina fyude d kravtane d Aremnaye mapkuya tyare d Azer.
Makhchemuta
Go nushe d vaxirute d sutaruta ina maryuza tpe
30.11.2022, 13:26
Maruqyan ile mughbra but tpakte d le Bryusel
30.11.2022, 12:28
Hadsme d kayome d “Hayadtan” ina matuya mandate d gyane
30.11.2022, 11:27
Rishaya d Adrbejan mn rishayabeskalayuta bkhshavol khut huchmu
30.11.2022, 10:18
Shmimun kala amman
29.11.2022, 19:42
Pshtela muryzta 700 varake ka but khayuta go Armenia
29.11.2022, 18:28
Krimun haratkhgazeClose


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Timlilit n ussasten gar Uneɣlaf n Teywalt d Umaray Amatu n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa.
Aneɣlaf n Teywalt, Mass Mohamed BOUSLIMANI yemmuger ass-a n letnayen 12 Ctember 2022 Amaray Amatu n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa Mass Si EL Hachemi ASSAD.
Timlilit-a ideg ḥedren imasayen n snat n tsudwin, tella d tagnit n umciwer ɣef usdusi n wassaɣen n umyallel gar-asent. Aṭas n temsal i yettwaskasin deg temlilit-a, ladɣa tid yerzan asmil n tmaziɣt deg unagraw aɣelnaw n teywalt, d yisuḍaf umaynuten ɣef teywalt, iwakken ad ddun d tmendawt.
Tagnit tella daɣen i uskasi n usummer n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuẓqa I usebdded n yiwen uɣmis umḍin s tmaziɣt.
Ilmend n temlilit-a, imasayen n snat n tsudwin beggenen-d tumert-nsen ɣef wayen xeddment termisin tinagdudin n teywalt, am Tilibizyu taɣelnawt, Rradyu taɣelnawt, Tanegga n tɣamsa d wammas agraɣlan n tɣamsa d tnagga taɣelnawt n teẓrigt d udellel. Imettikkiyen deg temlilit-a uɣalen-d daɣen ɣef kra n temsal yerzan amerkid d telɣa n ufaris deg yeḥricen teywalt, deg lebɣi n uwenneɛ d ugerrez n wayen ixuṣṣen deg taɣult-a.


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ÇA PEUT T'INTÉRESSER
Mazal Tov ! Menahem Naccache (Paris) est ‘Hatan avec Dvorah Guez (Paris) Mazal Tov! Moshé Cohen (Versailles) est Hatan avec Sarah Guez (Bondy) Mazal Tov ! Chlomi Taieb (Créteil) est Hatan avec Sterna Sarah Mimoun (Montrouge) le 17 Adar Cheni 5779 Mazal Tov ! Menahem Mendel Cohen (Versailles) est ‘Hatan avec ‘Haya Mouchka Levy (Paris 20ème) Mazal Tov! Hillel Farouz (Brunoy) est ‘Hatan avec Sarah Slama (Paris) Mazal Tov ! Menahem Mendel Djian (Paris 15ème) est Hatan avec Sarah Odel Benelbaz (Yerres ) Mazal Tov ! Mariage de Menahem Mendel Marcus et Sterna Sarah Belinov (Fille du Rav Yer’hmiel), le 15 Sivan 5781 à Kfar Habad Mazal Tov! Chmouel Chekly est Hatan avec Sarah Lankar Mazal Tov! Israël arié Leib Ohana est Hatan avec Sarah Azeroual ( Tibériade) Mazal Tov ! à Elie Harroch (Massy) est Hatan avec Sarah Guez (Paris19ème) Mazal tov ! Israël Bensaid (Créteil) est ‘Hatan avec Sarah Léa Guetta (Netanya) Mazal Tov ! Levi Itshak Cerf est Hatan avec Sarah Roch – 25 Iyar 5781 Mazal Tov! Menahem Mendel Haddad (Yavneel) est ‘Hatan avec Sarah Shuchtman (Tsfat) le 8 Sivan 5781 Mazal Tov! Menahem Mendel Karsenty (Paris 19) est ‘Hatan avec ‘Haya Mouchka Gabay (Paris 16) Mazal Tov ! Mendy Zeschkowski (Paris 10) est Hatan avec Hanni Elmkies (Paris 17)


text:
Tara ur sebzagen waman
Tara ur sebzagen waman (Isem usnan: Sanguisorba minor) d talmest n yemɣi seg twacult n tnejjikt. Giovanni Antonio Scopoli (fr) d amdan amezwaru i yuran fell-as deg useggas n 1771.
Tilmas[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ismawen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Isem-is s latinit: Sanguisorba minor
- Isem-is s tefransist: Pimprenelle
- Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit:
- Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt:
Isseqdac[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tiwelhiwin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ 'Imɣan n Tensawt - Plantes de Kabylie ' - Saïd Zidat - Editions Innexsys, Luxembourg, Avril 2016 ISBN 978-99959-0-205-6 www.imghantensawt.lu


text:
Tarbaet Imsidag
Imsidag, d tarbaet n iwiziwen nqeddec s wudem ilelli, war adrim, nseqdac allalen ilelliyen d ifecka n teɣbalut yeldin akken ad nsekcem taqbaylit deg umaḍal umḍin, iswi-nneɣ ad d-nerr akk ifecka-agi ɣer teqbaylit, asnulfu n ukurpus n tutlayt taqbaylit, asefrek awurman n tutlayt d waṭas isenfaṛen-nniḍen.
Isenfaṛen Mozilla
Common Voice d asenfaṛ n Mozilla i uselmed n tmacinin ad mmeslayent tutlayin n yimdanen. Ɣer tama n tegrumma n yisefka Common Voice, aql-aɣ nbennu daɣen amsedday neɣ amutur n uɛqal n taɣect n uɣbalu yeldin s yisem Deep Speech.
Sin-agi n yisenfaren ttekkan deg uxeddim-nneɣ i d-nger akken ad nsenɣes aceqqiq yellan deg taɣect tumḍint. Titiknulujiyin n uɛqal n taɣect rennunt-d kra n umaynut icudden ɣer umdan deg yisuga neɣ ibenkan-nneɣ, maca ineflayen sran ddeqs n yisefka n taɣect akken ad feṣṣlen ifecka. Akka tura, tuget n yisefka-a ɣlayit yerna ɣur-sen imawlan. Nebɣa ad nerr isefka n taɣect baṭel daɣen ttwakcamen s wudem azayaz, daɣen ad neḍmen d akken isefka-a ḍummen-d meṛṛa imdanen deg tudert tilawt. Lwaḥid, nezmer ad nerr aɛqal n taɣect d ufrin i yal yiwen.


text:
Di ddunyt amen tekmel, 100 melyun n yewdan trakkʷalen, ca zeg wemquṭṭes, ca zi laẓ. Anict uya i xef tessawal UN. Akumissar n UN Grandi, yettwala belli Twiza tewḍa.
Amquṭṭes, aɛmud, zzɛaf d ubeddel n uklima ittejja iwdan trakkʷalen zi tmura-nsen, zeg uneggar n 2020 ar yunyu 2021 mmernin imenneɛraq zi 82,4 ar 84melyun.
100 Melyun negga-tt aseggʷas-a!
Aneggar n 2021 ttuɣa yiweḍ 89,3 Melyun n yewdan i rewlen zi tmura-nsen, zeg wami tebda trewla zeg Ukranya.
Azgen n yewdan-a di trewliwin 53,2 Melyun qa-yen ɛad wer ufin mani ɣa sterḥmen. Aqqa-yen di trewla di tmura-nsen, Manya ɛlaḥsab UNHCR, yemmerni s wemquṭṭes d lhemm yellan di tmura-nni. ameknaw di Myanmar, d Tigray n Yityupya, manis ffɣen lemlayen n yedwan rewlen ɣer tneddam-nniḍen.
Mani ttraḥen?
83% ksin-tent ca n tmura wer ksint la d agdud-nsent, zi tmura i di yella ẓẓleḍ, Arrbeɛ yiweḍ timura i di tella tudert mliḥ. Tturk i yeksin aṭṭas qaɛ n imenneɛraq (3,8 melyun) teḍfer-it-dd Uganda (1,5 melyun), Pakistan (1,5 melyun) d Uliman (1,3 Melyun) (Yunyu 2022).
Manis dd-tettrakkʷal 69% zeg-sen (qbel i girra n Ukranya) zi: Surya, Vinizwilla, Afɣanistan, wadday n Ssudan d Myanmar.
Tala unhcr.org


text:
Lionel Messi d Cristiano Ronaldo d nitni i yeṭṭfen azzreg n tcamma n uḍar i waṭṭas n iseggusa, maca zemmren ad yili d ta twalat-nnsen tameggarut i di ɣa rebḥen tkuppat n umaḍal.
Tnayen-a n imiraren, weyyen merra tiberziwin d tkuppat aked tseḍmiwin-nnsen, maca yalleh weyyen ijjen tkuppat n tmenẓawt aked tseḍmiwin-nnsen tinamurin.
Messi d Ronaldo d ijjen tnayen zeg waṭṭas n imiraren illa zemmren ad tili tkuppat-a n umaḍal i yellan di Qaṭar 2022 d tameggarut-nnsen deg wecrak deg umundyal ; lista n imiraren dag-s :
Cristiano Ronaldo (Purtugal).
Nzemmer a nraja kulci aked ijjen am Ronaldo, maca iggur ad ɣer-s yili 41 n usegg°as di tkuppat n umaḍal i dd-igguren, Itɛin amundyal n Qaṭar wenni d ameggaru-nnes.
Ronaldo ila yenna qbel belli netta wer isbeddi ca tirart-nnes awerni i wemundyal n Qaṭar, inna ila ixes ɛad ad yirar aked tseḍma n purtugal i « ca n iseggusa-nniḍen »- wi ɣa issnen min ɣa yuqɛen ?
Imal-nnes wer t-issin ḥedd aked tseḍma-nnes deg wussan-a, zegga yegga ijjen wemsawal mani ikritika Manchester United.
Ronaldo izwar-as iddez azgen ameqqran n nnumrawat di tberziwin n tmura n Uruppa – icrek deg waṭṭas n tberziwin, yirar aṭṭas n partidat, izemmem aṭṭas n igulen – mamec indeh taseḍma n purtugal ad tawi tkuppat asegg°as n 2016.
Aked uyenni, yettwaḥsab zeg imiraren izemmemn aṭṭas n igulen aked tseḍmiwin tinamurin, s ca n 117 n igulen, zzag-sen ijjen uhatrik di tracca n tseḍma Taspanyut di tkuppat n umaḍal tameggarut di Rusiya.
Amirar-a Apurtugali i yewwḍen 37 n usegg°as, d ijjen zeg imeqqranen n imiraren n tcamma n uḍar deg umezruy, mani izemmem ca n 700 n ugul di tseḍmiwin min ked yirar, yewwya ca n 30 n tberza, yewwya amirar yifen xemsa n twalatin deg umaḍal. Maca d ta twalat tameggarut maḥend ad yerni tkuppat n umaḍal ɣer tebyugrafit-nnes i yeccuren s min yecnin.
Lionel Messi (Arjuntin)
Nzemmer di tidett a dd-nɛawed aṭṭas n tmeslayin min xef nenna x Ronaldo, d neccin nessawal x Messi, i ɣa awḍen 39 n usegg°as di tkuppat n umaḍal i dd-igguren.
Nɣall ad x-as nini ila zeg imiraren imeqqranen deg umaḍal, izemmem 695 n ugul aked Barcelona d Saint Germain, mamec i yewwya amirar yufen deg umaḍal sebɛa n twalatin, wa d ijjen nnumru wer ɣer-s iwwiḍ ula d ijjen umirar deg umezruy, yendeh taseḍma Tarjuntinit ad tawi tkuppat n tmura n umarikan n yeffus (Copa America) di twalat-nnes tameggarut.
Maca mala yewwya tkuppat n umaḍal di Qaṭar izemmer aya ad issers amirar-a aked imeqqranen n tcamma n uḍar aked Pelé d Diego Maradona, i inni i yettwalan belli amirar ixess-as ad yawi amundyal bac ad yili zeg imeqqranen qqaɛ.
Ittirar Messi tcamma n uḍar d netta aqqa-t mliḥ, zegga izemmem 11 n ugul, isenneɛ 14 di 18 n partidat aked Saint Germain.
Yenna Messi, zegga ttyarita, belli tanita i ɣa yilin d taberza tameggarut n tkuppat n umaḍal ɣer-s netta, maca ɛad wer nessin min ɣa yemsaren deg yimal, minzi netta ila iɛewwel qbel ad isbedd tirart-nnes maca yedwel-dd ad yirar aked tseḍma tanamurt.
Robert Lewandowski (Pulanda)
D tanita d twalat tis tnayen i di ɣa yirar itri Apulandi Robert Lewandowski di tkuppat n umaḍal, maca tzemmer ad tili d tameggarut ɛawed.
Wer yewwiḍ ca amirar-a min ɣer yella 34 n usegg°as – izemmemn ca n 18 n ugul di 19 n partidat aked Barcelona deg usegg°as-a, ad izmmem ca n ugul deg umundyal n Rusiya i yeffɣen zik zzag-s.
Izemmem itri n Bayern Munich xemsa n igulen di 11 n partidat min ked yirar aked tseḍma n Pulanda di tmeggura n tkuppat n tmura n Uruppa, maca izemmer ad tili d tanita d tameggarut-nnes maḥend ad izemmem di tkuppat n umaḍal.
Neymar (Brazil)
Yettwaḥsab Neymar, 30 n iseggusa, ameẓẓyan-nnsen qqaɛ di llista-ya, maca di tidett inna qa belli tzemmar ad yili amundyal n Qaṭar d ameggaru-nnes.
Itri-ya Abrazili yenna azzɣat : « Ad tili d tameggarut ɣer-i nec. Wer ssineɣ ma ɛad ad ɣar-i ilint tizemmar maḥend ad cerkeɣ ɛad ». Maca awern-as yessiwl-dd yenna ila awal-nnes wer t-fhimen ca mliḥ.
Maca qa izemmer ad yendem Neymar – izemmemn 13 n igulen, isenneɛ 11 zzag-sen aked Paris Saint Germain asegg°as-a ; mani iwweḍ ad izemmem ca n 75 n ugul aked tmurt-nnes.
Lwis Swaris (Urugway)
Lwis Swaris ɣer-s 35 n usegg°as, s uya, am imeddukal-nnes di Barcelona, Messi d Neymar- tzemmar ad tili d ta d twalat-nnes tameggarut di tkuppat n umaḍal.
Amsugi n Liverpool d Barcelona d Ateltico Madrid, illa idwel ɣer tseḍma-nnes tamezwarut Nationale mani i kid-s iwwi lliga n Urugway.
Ad yili Swaris ɛad ittfekker-dd wami das-wcin tarxita tazegg°aɣt di tkuppat n umaḍal, wami issufeɣ s ufus-nnes tcamma, yugi ad yejj Gana ad teɛda ɣer uzgen n umeggaru n tkuppat n umaḍal asegg°as n 2010, ɛawed wami izɛef Georgio Chiellini di tkuppat n umaḍal asegg°as n 2014.
Maci ḥa yitri-ya di tseḍma n Urugway i yegguren ad ikemmel tikli-nnes, nzemmer a dd-neydar ula Edinson Cavani, min ɣer yella 35 n usegg°as, d Diego Godin i ɣer yella 36 n usegg°as ɛawed.
Luka Mudrič (Krwatiya)
Itri n Real Madrid, Luka Mudrič, ɣer-s 37 n usegg°as, d ta i ɣa yilin tis tmenya zi tmeccarctin-nnes aked tseḍma n Krwatiya. Ineqqisen qqarnen ila iggur ad isbedd tirart tamaḍlant awerni i tkuppat n umaḍal, waxxa anemhal-nnes iqqar illa iggur ad isiɣa ad yirar ɛad.
Yirar Mudrič ijjen tilalt d tameqqrant maḥend ad issiweḍ taseḍma n tmurt-nnes ɣer umeggaru n umundyal n usegg°as n 2018, illa xesren kunṭra i Fransa.
Iwwi Mudrič x tsemɣurt n tcamma n wureɣ i umirar yifen di tberza, mamec yewwya tasemɣurt n umirar yifen deg umaḍal.
Karim Benzemma (Fransa)
Amirar-a n Real Madrid iggur ad ikemmel asegg°as-nnes wis xemsa utlatin zegga i ɣa tsala partida tameggarut deg umundyal.
Icerrek Benzemma di tberza-ya zegga yewwya amirar yifen deg umaḍal deg usegg°as n 2022, awerni umi izemmem 44 n ugul zi 46 n partida, waxxa wer izemmem ḥa xemsa n igulen asegg°as-a.
D ta d twalat tis tnayen i di ɣa icrek deg umundyal awerni 2014. Ssigg°jen-t x lista n tseḍma n Fransa asegg°as-a n 2010, zi senni wer yeḥḍir di 2018, zegga i t-ssigg°jen ca n setta n iseggusa zegga icrek deg ijjen ddusi n aɛeffan.
Gareth Bale (Wilz)
D ta d twalat tameggarut i di ɣa icrek itri n Wilez, Gareth Bale, di tmeggura n tkuppat n umaḍal – tzemmar ad tili ta d tmeggarut-nnes ɛawed.
Yenna umirar-a iwwḍen 33 n usegg°as, ila wer ixes ca ad isbedd tirart-nnes awerni i umundyal n Qaṭar, maca iggur ad yaweḍ 37 n usegg°as di tkuppat n umaḍal i dd-igguren.
Yudef Bale aked tseḍma n Los Angeles Amarikani, deg unebdu i yeɛdan, zegga tsala kunṭra-nnes aked Real Madrid. Nnan ca n ineqqisen ila Bale ttuɣa yegga ad isbedd tirart-nnes tamaḍlant mli taseḍma n Wilz wer tgeɛɛed ca ɣer tkuppat n umaḍal.
Manuel Neuer (Aliman)
yettwaḥsab Itri n Bayern Munich d tseḍma n Uliman, Manuel Neuer ijjen zeg imeḥḍayen n tracca isebḥanen di tsatalt-nnes.
Yewwi Neuer tkuppat n umaḍal aseggas n 2014, ttuɣa-t zeg imiraren isebḥanen.
Iggur ad yaweḍ Neuer 40 n usegg°as deg umundyal n 2026. Setta n ipurtiruten iraren deg umundyal zegga ɛdan lɛumur-a, ula d netta izemmer ad tt-yegg.
Sergio Busquets (Spaniya).
Yettwaḥsab Busquets ijjen zeg imiraren imeqqranen di ɛicrin iseggusa-ya tameggarut, ttuɣa yettɛawan imeddukal-nnes di Barcelona d tseḍma n Spaniya maḥend ad mmutyen ad sugen mani netta ittɣima ɣer deffer ittqarmar tcamma.
Maca lux netta ɣer-s 34 n usegg°as, wer iqqim amec i t-ttuɣa.
Iqqseḥ zi ssa d usawen a nẓer wenn iwwiyen tkuppat n umaḍal asegg°as n 2010 ad dd-iban twalat-nneɣni deg umundyal, ijjen rebɛa n iseggusa zi lux.


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Asemmili
Asemmili d yiwen n ufurk n tesnudert izerrew (yeɣɣaṛ) talɣa d tmuski n imuddiren yakk d yimuren-nsen (igmanen d yizeṭwan isnudranen).[1] Asemmili s timmad-is yeqqen ɣer tesnamgunt (Embryology) d usemmili imserwes (Comparative anatomy) yakk d tesnudert tanamhazt,[2] Sɣur timhalin i d-tzerrew tussna ayyi, yettnulfaw-d usemmili deg wakud meẓẓiyen s waṭas (tasnamgunt) yakk deg wakud ɣezzifen s waṭas (tamhazt), dɣa asemmili n ufgan iga d yiwen gar tisnajjyanin tigejdanin
Asemmili yebṭa ar sin imuren igejdanen gan d Asemmili amatay d umikruskupay
Asemmili amatay izerrew akayed n imuren d yigmamen n uɣersiw s usekkud anda yella deg-s afurk n usemmili ajumman. Ma deg usemmili mikṛu skupay ttusxedmen deg-s ifecka isekdanen deg tezrawt n izeṭṭiwen n tmuskiwin yemgaraden akken daɣen i yzerrew tikwatin
Asemmili yettusken s tigzi tafarayt i twuriwin n yigmanen d tmuskiwin n tfekka talsant. Tirrayin n tezrawt n usemmili d tid yettusekren (yettusgerzen) s waṭas seg ukayad n iɣersiwen s usemmili n tfekkiwin-nsen d imeɣsuyen-nsen alammi tewweṭ ar usemres (asexdem) n titekniyin n tssugent tisnajjyanin g tsut tis 20 gar-asent azenzar X d tenzayt d tssugent s uzenzen adekran. Asemmili d tsenwurit ssulɣen-d tayuga n tussniwin yettwazrawen yakked (lwaḥa) deg waṭas n tmuzzag. Anda snat n tussniwin-a zerrweny tamuski n tfekka d twuriwin-is s umdafar
Asenmel/TabadutẒreg
Izeṭṭiwen iɣersawenẒreg
Tagelda taɣersawt d tin igebren ɣef imuddiren tugtakwatin, imuddiren-a gan d idnusčiyen yerna zemren ad nxixlen (ɣas akken kra deg-sen ggunin ɣef uɣanib n tmeddurt yettenxixilen s talɣa tasnawant)
Asemmili n tnaɣlalinẒreg
Asemmili n teraɣlalinẒreg
Ifurken n usemmiliẒreg
Asemmili ajumman d afukr ilan (yesɛan) azal meqqren i tezrawt n yisdagen n usemmili yettwaẓren s tefrer seg izerrigen uffiɣen n tfekka.[2] Ayen yettaǧǧan imessujiyen d imeftaken ad ssazeln timersiwt d tegnit w ad semmilin timuskiwin tilqayanin yeqqnen ar yisdagen-a, Dɣa irem n ujumman d irem anilan yemmal-d d akken timuskiwin zgant-d zdat n tiggi d usfel n tfekka.[3]
Ma d asemmili amikṛuskupan yeqqen ar userwes n tmuskiwin n usemmili (timikruskupyim) deg imuddiren yemgaraden.[2]


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Alewwaɣ (ilewwaɣen),
1- lisse - alisado - أملس
2- doux (au toucher) - suave - ناعم
Tasenfelt: alewwɣan.
Addad amaruz: ulewwaɣ (yilewwaɣen).
Tamawt: awal-a yettwassen deg tentala taqbaylit (Tagemmunt n Lejdid, Iwaḍiyen, Tizi Wezzu, Ldzayer).
Ẓer daɣ: aleqqa, aleqqaq, alexxax, allaɣ, allaɣan, allejlej, aluḍ, alwawaḍ, alwiweḍ, amelɣiɣ, amleɣway, amleɣwi, argagay, aselɣaɣ, aslaɣ, assemleɣwi, assewliwel, assilqeq, assilweɣ, awliwel, awliwlan, axlul, azuliɣ, ḥluli, ileggi, ilqiq, ilwiɣ, imsilqeq, imsilweɣ, ireẓwi, llejlej, luɣ, mleɣwi, msewliwel, rgigi, sleɣ, sluɣ, sseḥluli, ssemleɣwi, ssergigi, ssewliwel, ssilqeq, ssilweɣ, talaɣt, taleqqa, talɣaɣt, tareẓwit, tawliwelt, tawliwla, telqeq, telweɣ, telxex, tileggit, tileqqi, tilɣet, tirgigit, ttwasleɣ, ttwasluɣ, ttwassewliwel, ttwassilqeq, ttwassilweɣ, wliwel.
Aql-iken deg - Vous êtes dans - Ustedes están en - أنتم في
Amawal n Tmaziɣt - Dictionnaire Amazigh - Français - Diccionario Amazigh - Español - قاموس أمازيغي - عربي
(c) Omar Mouffok - Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen.


text:
Tawliwelt (tiwliwlin), émotion (fr) - emotion (en) - emoción (es) - انفعال
Addad amaruz: tewliwelt (tewliwlin).
Ẓer daɣ: aleqqa, aleqqaq, alewwaɣ, alexxax, allaɣ, allaɣan, allejlej, aluḍ, alwawaḍ, alwiweḍ, amelɣiɣ, amleɣway, amleɣwi, argagay, aselɣaɣ, aslaɣ, assemleɣwi, assewliwel, assilqeq, assilweɣ, awliwel, awliwlan, axlul, azuliɣ, ḥluli, ileggi, ilqiq, ilwiɣ, imsilqeq, imsilweɣ, ireẓwi, llejlej, luɣ, mleɣwi, msewliwel, rgigi, sleɣ, sluɣ, sseḥluli, ssemleɣwi, ssergigi, ssewliwel, ssilqeq, ssilweɣ, talaɣt, taleqqa, talɣaɣt, tareẓwit, tawliwla, telqeq, telweɣ, telxex, tileggit, tileqqi, tilɣet, tirgigit, ttwasleɣ, ttwasluɣ, ttwassewliwel, ttwassilqeq, ttwassilweɣ, wliwel.
Imedyaten:
Ur ttaǧǧa ara tiwliwlin-nnek ad k-rnunt. Hedden iman-nnek! - Ne laisse pas tes émotions te contrôler. Calme-moi ! - No te dejes dominar por las emociones. ¡Tranquilízate! - لا تدع انفعالاتك تتحكم فيك. اهدأ
Aql-iken deg - Vous êtes dans - Ustedes están en - أنتم في
Asegzawal n Tmaziɣt - Dictionnaire Amazigh - Français - Diccionario Amazigh - Español - قاموس أمازيغي - عربي
(c) Omar Mouffok - Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen.


text:
Jeudi 19 août 2021
D tuddsa taserdasit/organisation du type paramilitaire i yesserɣen tamurt
Mačči d ḥamu n ugama (réchauffement climatique) iyesserɣen tamurt n Leqbayel.
Mačči d imeɣnasen n MAK i yesserɣen tamurt, acku nitni ḥemmlen tamurt-nsen, ur sserɣayen akal-nsen ; akken ibɣu yili usalu-nsen, ar ass-a d akabar ur neffiɣ seg ubrid n talwit.
Ihi, anwa i yesserɣayen irennu ?
Nura-d tikkelt tamezwarut deg uɣmis Le Matin d’Algérie n wass 13/08/2021, anwi izemren ad sserɣen (1). D ayen d-ufan yemdanen di yal agraw, di yal tajmaât n tmurt. Ɣas awal iteddu, maca ar ass-a ur d-yufi yiwen amek i tezmer ad tekker tmes di yal tama, si tferkiwin, si tẓegwa ur ikeččem uḍar, seg iɣeẓran, teteddu tmes d adar seg umkan ɣer wayeḍ, tettali neɣ tettader si taddart ar tayeḍ, tesserɣay imɣan, ixxamen, ikarrusen, imdanen.
Ɣas ma yella ur nezmir ad d-nini anwi wid yesserɣayen, acku ur neẓri anwi, nezmer ad nefsi tikersi icudden : amek i sserɣayen ?
D tawleft/ttwira illan afella, d tin d-ifka Madjid Boutemeur (2) di FB, i d-ildin tabburt akken ad nefhem tamsalt. D tawleft i d-ikksen si video n tmerɣiwt di tmurt n Tuǧǧa/Toudja, di temnaṭ n Bgayet. Yal yiwen izmer ad iẓer imukan n tmes derren yiwen tama n wayeḍ, teddun ad sserɣen ayen illan afella, d tuddar, d iɣersiwen neɣ d imɣan.
S wacu i skaren times-nni ?
Ur izmir ad yili d imdanen i iteddun ɣef iḍarren-nsen di tẓegwa (ur ssinen), teddun ssaɣayen times deg umkan ɣer wayeḍ. Ur llin d ‘’les kamikazes’’ akken ad rɣen s uḥeǧǧaǧu n tmes.
Qqimen-d sin iberdan : asafu yessaɣayen izmer ad d-yas
Seg igenni : tamesrafegt, takuptirt, neɣ drone ad d-isseɣlin amessaɣ (bombe incendiaire, retardateur pyrotechnique, …). ɣas yella wawal di tmurt, ur iẓri yiwen iɣli-d kra seg igenni. Mačči d takuptirt-nni itezzin deg igenni i d-issurugen isufar n times !
Si tiɣilt illan agemmaḍ i wemkan n tmes : ad d-iwet s umessaɣ ur iẓer yiwen, deg yiḍ neɣ deg uzal, syin ad ibeddel amkan. Amessaɣ-a yella, mačči yiwen ssenf, isem-is LASER infra-rouge ur ẓerrent wallen (LASER CO2, LASER YAG, …). Llan deg-sen wid meẓẓiyen, ‘’LASER néodyme YAG pompé par diodes’’ portable ; teddun s les batteries ; zemren ad ddun di tkarrust tameẓyant, kkaten s yiwet tyita, neɣ d astutti / en mode rafale, am lmatrayuz. Ur nezmir ad d-nefk nekkni isem, neɣ ismawen n tkebbaniyin i yeznuzun isufar-a i laâsker/matériel militaire (USA, Rrus, Fransa, Cinwa, Legliz, Israël, …).
Anwi i yesedduyen Laser YAG i tmes di tferkiwin akked tuddar ?
D tuddsa n yemdanen ilemden, mačči d yiwen umeslub i yekkren ad isserɣ tamurt.
Ur llin d kamikazes, am wid-nni n Daech ineqqen iman-nsen,
Kkaten s lbaâd, am tyita n tmegḥelt, si tkarrust ibedden neɣ iteddun deg ubrid ;
Mi fkan kra n tyitwin, ẓran yuli-d wabbu, dayen tuɣ tmes, ad beddlen amkan ;
Ad ddun ɣer tmurt nniḍen.
Tamuɣli-nnaɣ :
Mačči d sin neɣ tlata yemdanen ‘’pyromanes’’ i yeskaren times s zalamiṭ, ttazzalen si tmurt ɣer tayeḍ, mačči d ifellaḥen akken ad fersen akal-nsen. D tuddsa tameqqrant n paramilitaire, d wid issnen amek ad seddun imenɣi, am ad as-ddun akken ad fernen imukan n tmerɣi, amek ad sdergen iman-nsen deffir tyita. D tiyita n ṭṭrad ur nefri i d-iwḍen tamurt n Leqbayel.
Ugur ameqqran ass-a, mačči yiwen neɣ sin n Laser i yellan ffren. Ma sserɣen tamurt ass-a, glan s 200 yemdanen, snegren tamurt, zemren ad tt-sserɣen azekka ugar, s napalm.
Issefk ad d-banen anwi, anda i llan ffren, anwa/anwi i ten-isedduyen. Di Lezzayer i llan, mačči seg waggur n mars i d-ɣlin.
D aɣbel n udabu, n imsulta akked teɣdemt n tmurt n Lezzayer.
D asfillet kan, d awal… neɣ siweḍ akeddab ar tabburt ?
A. U. L.
Timerna /Notes.
1) Le Matin d’Algérie 13/08/2021 :
https://lematindalgerie.comanwa-afus-i-yessergen-tamurt
2) Madjid Boutemeur, physicien, Université de Savoie-Mont Blanc.
3) Caractéristiques remarquables des incendiaires organisés : mouvement permanent, choix des zones inaccessibles pour les points d’allumage, rapidité d’inflammabilité, présence systématique de villages en amont pour s’assurer un maximum de dégâts, utilisation de la météo et exploitation de la direction locale du vent, repli tactique après les mises à feu, capacité de dissimulation…
C’est l’oeuvre typique des professionnels des forces spéciales.


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Korea, Birmania,… Algeria !
Mačči d ayen zemren ad ffren wid iṭṭfen adabu. Tamurt n Lezzayer tekcem agraw n tmura igendlen tugdut. D tukksa n serr !
Deg ufran n tmura 2020 gar tmura anti yeddan akken iwata deg ubrid n tugdut (1), tamurt n Lezzayer tezga-d d tis 115 ɣef 167. Tella deg ugraw n ’catégorie des pays autoritaires’’, idis n tmura yezzin s uzagur i tugdut, i yizerfan n umdan.
Mačči d ayen illan d amaynut ; ẓran-t akk Izzayriyen, maca iban-d laâr-is ugar si tmura n umaḍal.
Ma yella ‘’tagelda’’ n Korea n Kim Jong-Un tettwassen deg umaḍal (amezwaru d jedd-is Kim Il-Sung si 1948, syin d baba-s Kim Jong-Il si 1998), ayen iḍerrun ussan-a di tmurt n Birmania izmer ad aɣ-yili d awehhi, d amedya akken ad nefhem ayen t-icerken akked wayen illan di tmurt n Lezzayer.
Di Birmania, at ukaskiḍ kksen adabu n tneɣlaft tamezwarut, Aung San Suu Kyi, win illan ibedd yakan s tafrent, ibedd jiniral Min Aung Hlaing deg umkan-is, zun d ‘’rebb Birmania’’.
Tiyita n at ukaskiḍ tban anda twehha : ur qbilen, ur qebblen ad ittwakkes udabu si gar ifassen-nsen nitni, talast deg unebdu 2021, am akken i yura di tmenḍawt n tmurt-nni.
Send ad awden ɣer ‘’coup d’Etat’’, zwaren sbedden-d akabar-nsen, akken ad yili di temsizzelt n 2020, sarmen ad qqimen deg udabu s wudem n ‘’tsertit taɣarimt’’. Tikli-nsen ur teffiɣ, acku d akabar n Aung San Suu Kyi i yewwin nnig 70 % n tifranin.
Iqqim asen-d uqeẓẓul, ‘’coup d’Etat’’, am akken uɣen tanamit. At tmurt-nsen ur susmen, ur fkan afus, ass-a d imelyunen i d-iffɣen s talwit ɣer iberdan, di yal tiɣremt, akken ad d-yuɣal ad ibedd udabu n Aung San Suu Kyi.
Amek tadyant n Birmania i tefka anza ɣer tin n Lezzayer ?
D tukksa n udabu gar ifassen n at ukakskiḍ. Adabu issefk ad yili deg ufus n wid i fernen at tmurt di tafrent tazedgant.
Urar n at ukaskiḍ si 1962, s wudem n néo-FLN di tazwara, syin ɣer zdat deffir 1989, s ikabaren nniḍen i d-snulfan (MSP, RND, MPA, …), issaweḍ ɣer taggara-s, immečč cci n tmurt, uguren ttimɣuren.
Tura teddun s tḥila timaynutin akken ad sɣezfen abrid n udabu-nsen s umeddeḥ n ‘’la nouvelle Algérie’’, i yellan yakan d tiɣri n umussu n lḥirak, wid d-iffɣen ɣer iberdan si furar 2019.
Tasertit n at ukaskid yiwet. Ilmend ad beddlen abrid, ad ffɣen seg unnar n tsertit, di tallit deg tbeddel tegnitt di yal tamurt, ad qqimen deg unnar-nsen, nitni gan am di Birmania, qqazen rennun amek zemren ad ssinfen amussu n lḥirak, ad t-rren d abernus i udabu-nsen.
Tasarut n tikli-nsen d tikerkas, tettwassen : ‘’d afus aberrani, d timura n berra i d-isseqdacen Izzayriyen ad ilin d icenga n tmurt-nsen’’. Iffeɣ ubarud-nsen, ur ten-ittamen yiwen.
Atan wayen d-uran ussan-a di El Djeich : « l’armée nationale (ANP) a, « depuis le début des marches populaires, adopté une position de principe immuable, en se tenant aux côtés du peuple, en s’alignant sur ses choix et sur tout ce qui pourrait répondre à ses revendications,…. ».
Taɣuri n wayen yuran tebrez : issefk Izzayriyen ad rren lxir i l’ANP, mi ur tenɣi 10 000 neɣ 50 000 neɣ ugar n Izzayriyen i d-iffɣen ɣer iberdan s talwit di yal tiɣremt akken ad ikkes udabu aserdas, ad ibedd udabu aɣarim, « Etat civil, pas militaire’’. Awal n ugdud ifra.
At ukaskiḍ ur qbilen ad ilin d Izzayriyen am ugdud Azzayri. Nitni llan si 1962 nnig Izzayriyen, ad qqimen din afella, nnig Izzayriyen.
Ayen nniḍen ɣer zdat akk d tiḥila :
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am tafrent i gan ass n 12/12 anda sbedden aselway uberwaq, ad kerzen yis,
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am taɣdemt taserdast n Blida (tribunal militaire), anda sekcamen yal aggur yiwen jiniral neɣ sin i yukren imelyaren,
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am tiɣri n usekkak di El Djeich, anda sɣalen ɣer tmura n berra, zun syin i d-kka ucengu, netta acengu n ugdud d adabu-nsen nitni.
Tiḥila n udabu n wass-a ur zmirent ad ffrent ayen illan, ur zmirent ad ffrent iṭij s uɣerbal :
D timrawin n imeḥas illan di yal tamnaṭ n tmurt,
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acku ffɣen-d ɣer ubrid i tikli s talwit,
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acku refden gar ifassen-nsen annay amaziɣ di tmurt tamaziɣt
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acku uran tikta-nsen di facebook neɣ deg wanda nniḍen, d azref-nsen,
taggara cuddent-ten deg ucekkal, ttewten, ttwaḥeqren, kksen fell-asen serr, icban Walid Nekkiche akked timrawin nniḍen am Walid, ɣas ur d-nnin, i yessaramen azekka tamurt n Lezzayer ad tili gar 10 tmura timagdayin timezwura, mačči d tis 115.
D asalu-nsen ad iddun akken ad ikfu laâr ɣef tmurt n Lezzayer gar tmura. D asirem n yilmeẓyen Izzayriyen.
Aumer U Lamara
Timerna / Notes :
1) Index 2020 de démocratie dans le monde : l’enquête évalue annuellement 167 pays sur la base de cinq critères : processus électoral et pluralisme, fonctionnement du gouvernement, participation politique, culture politique démocratique et libertés civiles. Algérie 115 eme, dans la dernière catégorie, des régimes autoritaires.
https://www.tsa-algerie.com/classement-des-democraties-lalgerie-dans-la-pire-des-categories/


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Azgen ameqqran nessen belli Sidna Adam tamɣart-nnes tamezwarut nettat d « Ḥewwae » (Eve). Maca di tḥuja n wudayen, Ḥewwae maci d nettat d taṃɣart tamezwarut n nnabi Adam. Nettat d Lilit (di Tɛibrit ittari isem-nnes ammu :לילית). Mala Ḥewwae, amec yetteawad Lquran d Ttelmud belli tettwaxelq-dd zeg « uɣezdis iferɣen » n sidna Adam . Lilit nettat tettwaxelqq-dd zeg ucal, ameknaw Adam, kifkif. Γer udayen, lilit d ijjen tdimunt (cciṭan), nettat tetthudda x temɣarin i yellan s ddiset, s uya tuɣa irrḍent tudayin ca n tfilutin maḥend ad ḥḍant ixef-nnsent zi Lilit.
Manis i dd-tekka Lilit-a?
Deg yilsawen iqdimen, awal n « lilit » yekk-dd zeg wawal Aɛibri « laylâ » ixsen ad yini llilet. Ittsemma ttwalan Lilit amecnaw ijjen cciṭan itteddren di llilet waha. Awal n « laylâ » ikk-dd zi Takadit « lilītu« n tawtemt n « lilû« . I dd-yeffɣen zi Tsamirit « líl« . Deg umezwaru , nettat d ijjen cciṭan iqqen ɣer usemmiḍ d waḍu di tmurt n jar sin iɣezran (Lɛiraq n yiḍ-a)
Lilit issiwel x-as ttelmud. Ameggaru-ya iwec-as tiweṣṣaf n icten d cciṭan s ijjen ucewwaf d azegrar aked wafriwen (ttelmud n Babilun, Eruvin 100a, Nidda 24b) di ttelmud, Lilit d ijjen lmexluqa tettsug x merra iwdan maci ɣir x iḥenjiren waha.
Lilit d Adam: Min imsaren jar-asen?
Lilit d ijjen wudem ittwassen deg idlisen n wudayen. Tḥajit teqqar belli d nettat i ttuɣa d tameɣart d tamezwarut i Adam qbel i Ḥawae. Aṭṭas n tḥuja i yemsebḍant, maca marra qqarent ila d nettat ig illan d tamɣart tamezwarut n Adam. Maca nettat wer terḍi ad x-as iḥkem Adam, uca terwel zzag-s, tedwel tettxes cciṭan, tuɣa ttaru-as-dd kul ass ca n 100 n uḥenjir. Adam iccetka s min tegga Lilit, uca issekk-as-dd Rebbi tlata n waniren (lmalakat) maḥend ad d-tedwel maca tugi, uca nnan-as ad nɣen 100 n iḥenjiren ittaru kul ass. Zi senni la nettat Lilit tqess awal maḥend ad tneɣ 100 n iḥenjiren i yiwdan. Aṭṭas n tḥuja qqarent ɛawed ila d nettat ig illan d tfiɣra-nni ig iɣwan Adam maḥend ad icc zi tsejjart ittwaḥarrmen. Idlisen n wudayen qqaren belli Lilit d icten temɣart tecna, tɣekk°wa iwdan s llilet, xmi i ɣer-s dd-ttraḥen tneqqi-ten.
Lilit d Tafiminizemt
Di lweqt n yiḍ-a, aṭṭas n temɣarin ittenhezzan deg yiger n tseqqar n temeṭṭut, ttwalant Lilit d tamɣart iɣewwɣen x Adam, uca zzag-s i dd-ksint ca n tfiministiyin axarres-nnsent. Deg issgusa n 1970, ixḍarent ijjen grup n tmeɣnasin umi qqaren grup n « ixḍar tɣawsa n temɣarin » udem n Lilit ḥuma ad teksi asafu n umenɣi-nnsent. Ttwalant tina belli Ḥewwae, i dd-ittwaxelqen zeg uɣezdis n Adam, d ijjen temɣart wer tbedd bu x iḍaren-nnes, d tacwiḥt zi Adam. Maca Lilit i dd-yekkin zeg ucal amecnaw Adam, nettat temqudda aked Adam di tseqqar.


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Tafrikt
Taferka neɣ Tafriqt neɣ Tafrikt d amenẓaw ameqran wis sin yakk deg umadal, ama deg tjumma neɣ deg wemdan n imezdaɣ seld n Asya. Tajumma-ines tessawaṭ alamma d 30.2 n imelyan n ikilumitren (11.7 mil², neɣ ayen yegdan 6% seg tjumma n tegnit neɣ 20,4% seg tjumma n wakal.[3]), Tajumma ayi tegber tigzirin i d-izgan zdat-s. S unect n usteg n 2016, Taferka zedɣent wazal n 1,2 n imelyaren n yimdanen (ayen yegdan 14,8% seg yimezdaɣ n umadal zedɣen deg 61 n tmura d temnaṭin.
Ittales-d Taferka yilel agrakal seg ugafa, d targa n Swiz yakked yilel azeggaɣ seg ugafa asemran, ma swg usamer d unẓul asemran ittales-itt-id ugaraw ahendi, d ugaraw anaṭlas seg utaram. Taferka tegber seg 54 n tmura, gar-asent tigzirt n Madagaskar d waṭas n tegzirin am Kumur.
Imusnawen n tesnakalt ttwalin Taferka (aladɣa Taferka tasemrant) d aẓaṛ amezwar ansa i d-yekka ufgan yerna s-yina i d-tebda tseklut n telsanin, anda i d-ufan tidefrin timzikin yakk i ttemcabin i wemdan, gar-asent tid-ak yettuɣalen ɣer 7 n imelyan n iseggasen yezrin am Sahelanthropus tchadensis d Australopithecus d Homo erectus d Homo ergaster yakk d tedfrin timzikin yakk n ufgan yettuɣalen ɣer 200.000 n iseggasen i d-ittusnirmen di tmurt n Ityupya.
Asebges ittekk-d seg tlemmast n Tferka, dɣa deg-s aṭas n tamiwin tinazwayin yemgaraden.
Igduden n Tefrikt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Igduden n Tefrikt ṭṭuqten (ggten) macci d kra, seg Yimaziɣen ɣer Yimaṣriyen n wass-a, arraw n Yimaṣriyen iqburen, ɣer Yinubiyen d Yityupiyen, ɣer Yiwulufen d Yizuluten. Ulac amkan ur neɣmir (neccur) ara di Tefrikt. Qrib yal tamurt tesɛa timerwin (dizaines) n yegduden, merra sɛan tutlayin-nsen, ansayen d yidelsan-nsen d waṭas n tɣawsiwin nniḍen ara yelmed fell-asen umaḍal neɣ igduden-is merra.
Tafrikt ugafa[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg Ugafa n Tefrikt, imezdaɣen ineṣliyen d Imaziɣen, d nitni ay d amur ameqran deg yimezdaɣen n Tmazɣa, xas ma yella aṭas deg-sen ass-a la ttmeslayen taɛrabt neɣ/ akk d Tefransist. Imaziɣen egan-d tilas i wakal d ameqran, yewwet seg wemda n Siwa, deg Utaram (lɣerb) n Maṣer alamma alamma d Targa Zewwaɣen d Muritanya, ɣef yiri n ugaraw Aṭlasi. Yuɣ lḥal, d Imaziɣen ay d agdud n Tefrikt awḥid ay d-iḥerren anect-agi n wakal, imi amur ameqran deg yegduden ifriqiyen nniḍen, tikwal sɛan kan akal d amecṭuḥ, tikwal bitt, cerken-t akk d yegduden nniḍen. Imaziɣen ttumḍanen d agdud n yiri (race) amellal, xas ma yella nettaf gar-asen aṭas n yimibriken d yiberkanen. Aṭas n Yimaziɣen ay d-mazal la ttmeslayen tamaziɣt, yernu deg yiseggasen-agi ineggura, aṭas n trebbaɛ timaziɣin ay d-yennulfan i wakken ad wwtent u ad ḥerzent tutlayt-nsent. Xas ma yella tantalyin (dialectes) ay ttmeslayen Yimaziɣen mxallafent si tama ɣer tayeḍ, maca kkant-d akk seg yiwen n uẓar, seg yiwet n tutlayt, yernu yeshel ɣef waṭas n trebbaɛ timaziɣin ad msefhament wagar-asent s tutlayt-nsent, xas ma yella mxallafent tentalyin-nsent. Imaziɣen mazal ṭṭfen deg waṭas n wansayen (lɛaddat), ladɣa wid yettidiren di Merruk akk d Uneɣruf (Sahara), d acu kan, ass-a, aṭas n wansayen imaziɣen ay yellan ɣef (af) yiri n nnger, la ten-ttağğan medden yernu ur d asen-ttgen ara azal d leqder. Nnig waya, ula d tutlayt tamaziɣt la tettuɣal ɣer deffir deg waṭas n tmiwa n Tmazɣa, medden la tt-ttağğan, ilmeẓyen ur a ttlemmden ara, dɣa yessefk ad yettwaxdem kra n leqdic s uɣiwel i lmend n ussukkes n tutlayt di tmiwa-ya.
Akal n Yimaziɣen, seg wakken meqqer aramma ay yewweḍ ɣer wul n Tefrikt. D Imuhaɣ neɣ Imucaɣ ay d tarbaɛt n Yimaziɣen ay yesɛan akal meqqren akk, xas akken ur ṭṭuqqten ara. Akal-nsen d Aneẓruf (Idurar n Tasili, n Ayer di Niger, atg.), yernu imi ay zgan leḥḥun, ttruḥun nitni d lmal-nsen seg wemkan ɣer wayeḍ, wwḍen ɣer waṭas n tmiwa di Tefrikt. Imuhaɣ xulḍen aṭas n yegduden ifriqiyen ay ten-id-iqerben, nitni fkan-asen u wwin-d aṭas seg-sen. Ass-a, nezmer ad naf Imuhaɣ di Niger d Mali, am wakken ay nezmer ad naf kra n trebbaɛ-nsen di Čad, Burkina Faso akk d Nigeria. Deg wenẓul n Uneẓruf (Niger akk d Mali), aṭas n yegduden ifriqiyen ay yettidiren ɣer tama n Yimuhaɣ, nezmer ad d-nebder seg-sen Ibambaraten, Ifularen akk d Yisarakuliyen. Kra seg yegduden-agi kessen lmal am Yimuhaɣ, di lweqt i deg wiyaḍ xeddmen tafellaḥt. Yuɣ lḥal, akal n wenẓul n Uneẓruf ɛeddan deg-s yisafen, d aya ay t-yerran d agilal, meḥsub yelha i tfellaḥt. Nnig waya, isafen n tama-yagi ldin diɣ iberdan i waṭas n yegduden i wakken ad xeddmen tanezzawt (ttjara), ad znuzun u ad ttaɣen d yegduden merra ay ten-id-iqerben. Idyulaten n Burkina Faso, Côte ḍIvoire akk d Senegal d yiwen seg yegduden n Tefrikt Taɣerbit ay yettwassnen s tnezzawt.
Tafrikt Umalu[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Di lɣerb, igduden ay yettidiren ɣef yiri n Ugaraw Aṭlasi lhan-d s waṭas d ṣṣyada n yiselman. Imuriṭaniyen (laṣel-nsen d Imaziɣen) d yegduden n yiri n lebḥer n Senegal ttwassnen s ṣṣyada. Di Tefrikt Taɣerbit llant waṭas n tmura yesɛan tiẓegwa timeqranin. D acu kan, tiẓegwa n Tefrikt ɛemrent. Zik, igduden ay izedɣen tiẓegwa-yagi llan la ttidiren s ṣṣyada n yiɣersiwen d tukksa n wayen ay d-yettak wakal. Ass-a, aṭas deg yegduden-agi ay yeǧǧan aya. Di tmiwa-yagi diɣ, igduden Ifriqiyen sbedden-d aṭas n tgeldiyin (royaumes), yernu asmi ay bdan la d-ttawḍen Wurufiyen ɣer Tefrikt, di lqern wis 15, aṭas si tgeldiyin-agi ay yellan la xeddment tanezzawt (ttjara) d Wurufiyen. Tageldit n ɣana (ay d-sbedden Wacantiyen) tella tettwassen s ddheb-yines, yernu aṭas n tgeldiyin tifriqiyin n tama-yagi ay yellan la znuzuyent aklan (ay d-ttaṭṭafent si tmiwa nniḍen) i Wurufiyen i wakken ad ten-awin ad ten-sxedmen di Marikan. Yuɣ lḥal, amur ameqran deg yiberkanen yellan ass-a di Marikan laṣel-nsen si Tefrikt Taɣerbit.
Tafrikt Usamer[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Di Tefrikt Tacerqit, llan waṭas n yegduden ay yettmeslayen tutlayin tisamiyin d tutlayin tikuciyin. Tutlayin tisamiyin d tawacult n tutlayin i deg nezmer ad naf taɛrabt d tutlayin yettemcabin ɣur-s, am tɛebrit (hébreu) neɣ tafiniqit n zik. D acu kan, menɣir taɛrabt (ay ttmeslayen di tmura am Ssudan, Ǧibuti d Iritirya), tutlayin tisamiyin n Tefrikt nezmer ad d-nebder seg-sent tamharit d ttigrinyat (ttmeslayen-tent di Ityupya d Iritirya). Igduden n tmiwa-yagi, xas d iberkanen (neɣ d imibriken), maca ḍebɛen, imi lejdud-nsen, di laṣel, llan d imellalen ay ixelḍen d iberkanen. Igduden-agi daɣen lhan-d d tfellaḥt akk d tkessawt, yemxallaf wacu xeddmen ɣef leḥsab n wakal i deg ttidiren. Wid yettmeslayen tutlayin tikuciyin ttidiren di tama tameṭṭarfut n Tefrikt tacerqit, tama-nni umi qqaren Iccew n Tefrikt, u ad naf gar-asen Iṣumaliyen, ay d-yelhan ladɣa s tkessawt n wakraren.
Di Tefrikt Talemmast akk d ccerq n Tefrikt Tasebgast (équatoriale), llan yizaɣaren d imeqranen yernu d izegzawen. Imezdaɣen n tmiwa-ya lhan-d d tkessawt n yezgaren. Agdud yettwassnen s tkessawt-agi d Imasayen n Kenya d Tanzanya. Imasayen ttwassnen s lqedd-nsen aɛlayan d uceṭṭiḍ-nni azewwaɣ ay settwen, itteṣṣer-iten si tgecrar alamma d idmaren. Aṭas n Yimasayen ay d-mazal la ttidiren tudert-nni n zik, teddun d yezgaren-nsen deg yizaɣaren-nni anda ay d-mazal la ttidiren waṭas n yiɣersiwen iweḥciyen. Maca Imasayen uɣen tanumi d yiɣersiwen-agi, yernu ula d izmawen ttagaden-ten, ur ttqerriben ara ɣer lmal-nsen.
Kenya akk d Tanzanya sɛant akal igerrzen i tfellaḥt, yernu amur ameqran seg yegduden n tmiwa-yagi ttidiren seg wayen ay d-yettak wakal. Ikikuyuten d yiwen wegdud n Kenya, zik llan sɛan aṭas n wakal, ḥerren-t-id s yiɣil-nsen, yernu llan sɛan ddewla teǧhed. Asmi ay d-wwḍen Yebriṭaniyen ɣer Kenya, di tgara n lqern wis 19, kksen-asen akal-nsen, ama i nitni, ama i yegduden nniḍen. Yuɣ lḥal, igduden-agi, arraw n wakal, gguman ad ssusmen u gan ṭṭrad meqqren i wakken ad ssuffɣen imsehres (colonisateur) si tmurt-nsen. Igduden yettidiren ɣef yiri n Ugaraw Ahendi (océan Indien), si tama-nsen, čudd tudert-nsen ɣer lebḥer (am wid-nni Tefrikt Taɣerbit), maca nnig waya, igduden-agi ttwassnen s ttjara-nsen taqdimt akk d Waɛraben. Amur ameqran deg yimezdaɣen n tefsirin (côtes) n Tefrikt Tacerqit d Inselmen, yernu ttmeslayen yiwet n tutlayt umi qqaren taswaḥilit, yis-s ay ttemsefhamen ula akk d yegduden ifriqiyen nniḍen. Yuɣ lḥal, taswaḥilit d tutlayt taɣelnawt di Kenya akk d Tanzanya, yernu nezmer ad d-nini dakken tuɣal d tutlayt tagraɣlant i yes ttemsefhamen waṭas n yegduden di Tefrikt Tacerqit d Tefrikt Tasebgast (équatoriale).
Tafrikt Tasebgast[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ul n Tefrikt Tasebgast yella zik yeččur d tiẓegwa. Timiwa-yagi ttwassnent s Yefɣulen. Wigi d imezdaɣen ineṣliyen n tmiwa-yagi. Xas ma yella zik, tamurt-nsen meqqret (tiẓegwa n Tefrikt Talemmast, Zaïre, Kamirun, atg.), ass-a, ciṭṭaḥ kan maḍi ay d-yeqqimen deg-sen, imi aṭas n lumur ay ten-icewwlen. Ifɣulen d imecṭaḥ, ur ttimɣuren ara. Imeqranen deg-sen sɛɛan azal n lmitra d wezgen di teɣzi. Maci d aḍḍan ay uḍnen, wanag akka kan ay tga ccetla-nsen. Zik, medden llan ttewḥacen-ten imi ay d imeẓyanen yernu ttidiren kan di tẓegwa, anda ay ttṣeggiden ayen tetten. Ass-a, idles-nsen atan la inegger yernu yessefk ad d-rren medden lwelha-nsen ɣur-sen.
Madagascar[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Amur ameqran deg yegduden n tegzirt n Madagaskar ṣubben-d seg Yindunisiyen. Xas ma yella Indunisya d tamurt ibeɛden ɣef Tefrikt, maca, di lqern wis 4 mbeɛd n Ɛisa, wwḍen-d kra n yemdanen si Indunisya ɣer tegzirt-agi tameqrant, u tneṣṣlen dinna alamma ay d asmi ay ten-id-ufan Waɛraben u uɣalen la xeddmen yid-sen tanezzawt (ttjara). Imalgaciyen ay izedɣen deg yidurar n tegzirt-agi mazal ttemcabin s waṭas di ṣṣifa ɣer Yindunisiyen, yernu tutlayt tamalgacit si twacult n tutlayin tustruniziyin ay ttmeslayen di Asya, am tindunisit.
Tafrikt tanẓulant[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Di Tefrikt tanẓulant (australe), llan waṭas n yegduden, nezmer ad ten-nebḍu ɣef snat n trebbaɛ timeqranin. Llan yegduden iqdimen n tama-ya, ur ṭṭuqqten ara, kra deg-sen qrib ad negren, ttidiren di lɣerb n Tefrikt n Wenẓul (Afrique du Sud), Namibya d Botswana. Timiwa i deg ttidiren yegduden-agi d aneẓruf (ṣṣeḥra), kkawent, qrib ur d-imeqqi deg-sent wacemma. Mazal kra seg yegduden-agi la ttidiren tudert n zik, ttṣeggiden-d neɣ ttekksen-d ayen ara ččen seg wayen ay d-yettak wakal. Igduden-agi qqaren-asen Ibucmanen. Isem-agi yekka-d si teglizit „Bushmen“ (San), meḥsub „imdanen n lexla“, maca Ibucmanen bḍan ɣef wacḥal n yegduden d teqbilin, yal agdud yesɛan tutlayt-is.
Llan diɣ yegduden yettmeslayen tutlayin tibantutin, gar-asen, nezmer ad d-nebder Izuluten. Asmi ay d-wwḍen Wurufiyen (européens) ɣer tmiwa-yagi, naqal ṭṭfen kan ciṭṭ n wakal ɣef yiri n ill (sea). D acu kan, asmi ay bdan la keccmen ɣer daxel n tmurt, bdan la ttnaɣen d Yefriqiyen u gan deg-sen lbaṭel d ameqran. Asmi ay tewwi Tefrikt n Wenẓul azarug-yines (indépendance), lḥukuma tamellalt n tmurt-agi tesbedd-d leqwanin i yes tebɣa ad tebḍu ger n Yiberkanen d Yimellalen. Igduden iberkanen qqlen ttwaɛɛezlen ɣer tmiwa anda akal diri-t, yernu ttalasen kan ad d-kecmen ɣer tmiwa n yimellalen i wakken ad xedmen. Asmi ay s-d-bran i Nelson Mandela si lḥebs di 1990, yernu yuɣal d aselway aberkan amezwaru n Tefrikt n Wenẓul, ifuk lbaṭel-nni ay iɛezlen iberkanen. Maca imellalen n Tefrikt n Wenẓul cewwlen ugar (aṭas) igduden iberkanen n tmurt-agi deg yiseggasen-nni n lbaṭel d wayen n diri, yernu later n ccwal-agi mazal-it ar ass-a.
Igduden imaziɣen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ass-a, mi ara d-nini Tafrikt, amur ameqran di medden fehhmen-tt (gezun-tt) d timura-nni ay d-yuzgan deg wenẓul (south) n Uneɛruf (Sahara), tid-nni anda ay ttidiren yiberkanen, am Niger, Mali akk d Nigeria. Imezdaɣen n Tefrikt n Ugafa neɣ Tamazɣa ruḥen amzun ttsetḍin ad d-inin dakken ula d nitni d Ifriqiyen, acku nitni d imellalen. D acu kan, llant kra n tɣawsiwin s wazal-nsen, yessefk ad asent-nger tamawt deg weḍris-agi.
Tamenzut, Tafrikt d amenẓaw (continent) anda ay mlalen yimellalen d yiberkanen, ulac akk tilisa gar-asen. Akken ay s-yeqqar yiwen n Urumi : “Di Tefrikt ulac iberkanen”, ira ad yini, din medden akk d imdanen, ulac aberkan d umellal. Nezmer ad naf iberkanen di Ldzayer, deg Wenẓul n Tunes d Libya d Merruk. Nnig waya, llan aṭas seg yiberkanen-agi d Imaziɣen, mazal ar ass-a ssawalen tamaziɣt (Tamaceɣt). Anect-a yesskan-d dakken si zîk, yella yiel (jjwağ ger n Yimaziɣen d yegduden iberkanen ay d-ufan di tmiwa n Uneɛruf Ameqran (Sahara), asmi ay bdan lejdud-nneɣ la d-ttawḍen ɣer Tefrikt. Niger akk d Mali, xas ma yella ssnen-tent medden dakken d “timura n yiberkanen“, maca yessefk ad ɣren dakken llan deg-sent ula d imellalen (Imaziɣen Imuriyen, Aɛraben, atg.).
Tis snat, deg Wegles (Antiquité), d tamurt n Yimaziɣen iw-umi llan ssawalen yegduden n (ill) agrakal “Tafrikt”, yernu d Imaziɣen iw-umi egan isem (eganassag) “Ifrikiyen”. Yagi, isem n Tefrikt s timmad-is yekka-d si tmaziɣt. Anect-a ad t-tafem deg usebter ay d-yettmeslayen ɣef yisem n Tefrikt.
Tis krad, dɣa tagi d tanqiḍt yesɛan azal meqqren, Tamazɣa d amur si Tefrikt. Timura n Lezzayer, Merruk, Libya, Tunes d Muritanya merra d timura n Tefrikt, am wakken Fransa d Lalman d Briṭanya Tameqrant d timura n Turuft. A win yufan, Ifriqiyen merra, ama d wid n Ugafa neɣ d wid n tmura n wenẓul, yessefk ad tezzin iman-nsen ttidiren deg yiwen n umenẓaw, deg yiwen n wakal, yernu, lemmer di yelli wamek, ad myussanen ukk ad mekken afus xir n wakken llan tura, akken myussanen u ttemɛawanen Wurufiyen wagar-asen ass-a. Anect-a yezmer ad as-ibeddel udem i Tefrikt ukk ad tt-iɛiwen ugar i wakken ad d-teffeɣ seg wuguren i deg tettidir ass-a.
Timura n Tafrikt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Timura n Tafrikt ugafa[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tamselyut[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ "World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision". ESA.UN.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 et 2,2 "IMF (WEO April 2019 Edition) GDP nominal and PPP data – international dollar".
- ↑ Sayre April Polly. (1999) Taferka، Idlisen n tsut tis 21 ISBN 0-7613-1367-2.


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A tidet, sijj-dd x Arif, sijj-dd. Siwel-dd s yiles‑nnem, siwel-dd!Afriwen ‑ Tidet
D beddu n uɣennij amaynu n tseḍma n « Afriwen », Aɣennij tessur di llɣa‑nnes tɣuyyit akd uxeyyeq. Yirar akid‑s tagitart Kamal Cheikh Mamek kid‑s tcark tṣedma n Massyour di lkural. Manaya qqaɛ temmers xaf‑s tnixt yecnan n Muḥa Afriwen i yesruban.
Afriwen zeg iḥudriyen i itteggen tizemmer mɣarent deg yiger n tmusiqt d tiɣnest, yettwassen di beddu‑nnes s uɣennij yettemɛawad x qaɛ ilsawen n irifyyen « Mulay Muḥend yemmut yejj-dd argaz » i umi yegga azwel « Arif« . Mamec ɣer-s tabiblyutikt teccur s leɣnuj cnan, smunan tleqḥen urawen.


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Zrin tura 8 n yiseggasen segmi i aɣ-yeǧǧa umseḍru{réalisateur} n usaru amezwaru s teqbaylit deg umezruy. Wa d Ɛebderreḥman Bugermuḥ{Abderrahmane Bouguermouh}, i d-ilulen deg yiwet n twacult tazwawt ideg ababat d aselmad, ma d tayemmat d lall n uxxam.
Yekker-d di tallit n temhersa tafransist, yedder abeeda tidyanin n 08 mayu 1945 imi yella yeɣɣar di Seṭṭif. Mettwal 1957, yemyussan d Mulud At Meemmer i yeqqimen d amdakkel-is seg yimir-nni. Syin akkin, deg 1960, yekcem ɣer Usudu{Institut} n tezrawin tifellayin tisinimaṭugrafiyin anda yelmed akk ayen yerzan aseḍru n usaru.
Deg 1965, isezga-d{il a adapté} ɣer teqbaylit yiwen n uḍris n Malek Ḥeddad, yerra-t-id d asaru alemmas s uzwel n « Am yiman »{Comme une âme}. Asaru-a yugi-t Uɣlif n yidles n Lezzayer imir-nni acku mačči s teerabt i t-iga.
Seld tadyant-a, yuɣal ɣer Paris. Γas imuger-d ula dinna uguren, maca yedda akken ddan waman armi yufa iman-is akked wid icerken yid-s tikti n teqbaylit d tmaziɣt, am Ṭawes Ɛemruc, Muḥend Aerab Beseud d Mulud At Meemmer.
Seg useggas n 1965 armi d 1996, iga ugar n mraw n yiqeddicen isinimaṭugrafiyen, gar yifetrawen{documentaires} d yisura, gar-asen « Γerdaya », « Igḍaḍ n unebdu » akked « Tawrirt yettwattun » i as-d-yuwin asteɛref d wayendin n cciea d uqader. Ɛebderreḥman Bugermuḥ d amaru daɣen. Seg yidlisen i yura ad d-nebder abeeda « Anza ».
Ilul Ɛebderreḥman Bugermuḥ deg Uzellagen (Bgayet) ass n 25 furar n useggas n 1936. Yemmut di 3 furar 2013.


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Lǧemɛa d ass n Twizi deg tmurt taqbaylit, ɣef waya Tawrirt Muqqren d tin i begsen ad tcebbeḥ agama d wudem-is, s iɣallen d tedrimt n warraw-is d yess-is. D azrar n twizi, i yebdan d aguren aya, maca akken i d-yeɣli wenfufed n Covid-19, tadyant n ucebbeḥ n wudem n taddert d win i ḥebsen, acku nnig cbaḥa d aseḥbiber ɣef tudert i yecqan ladɣa imezdaɣ n Tewrirt d yeqbayliyen d tirna. Tura imi t-yenkeẓ wenfufed agi, uɣal-end iwiziwen ar iberdan d leḥwari d tzeqwa n taddert am yal lǧemɛa, yal yiwen i xemmel i yiɣallen-is ddaw leɛnaya n wegraw n taddert-agi.
Ihi d agraw n taddert n Tewrirt Muqqren i d-yessawlen deg yiwen walɣu ar uheggi n twizi yagi ass-agi n 5 Furar 2021, d ayen ibanen iwiziwen d wid yeṭṭuqten imi yak imezdaɣ n taddert agi yeddukel wawal d lebɣi-nsen deg tikli ar ucebbeh n wudem n taddert.
Ayen yellan deg wahila agi n Twizi d ayen yefran yakan deg wegraw n taddert ussan yezrin yettmeslay-ed ladɣa ɣef temsal-agi:
-Amṛaḥ n yelmeẓyen n taddert d win deg ara d-lhun inazuren s uzewweq n wanuɣen d werqam
- Asali n rrif n webrid s imesden n ssiman d win yebdan deg tewwurt ar talemmast n taddert
- Asekcem n trisit d uheggi n tafat i tzeqwa d yemṛaḥen n taddert
-Asemɣer n wemṛaḥ n wurar i warrac imecṭaḥ i d-yezgan deg YESLADEN ( Burdman).
Twalam ihi ahil n wass d win muqqren, maca lebɣi n uṣeggem n imezdaɣ d iwiziwen n tewrirt muqqren d win muqqren ugar, ulac taɛkemt zzayen tecki dduklen iɣallen, d tagi i d taqbaylit d tagi i d tawrirt muqren.


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Deg walɣu i d-iga mas Yasin ISIWAN deg sebtar-ines n Facebook, ur ilaq ara ad iɛeddi kan d taqeṭṭiṭ deg bisaṛ, imi yettammal-ed abaxix deg yekcem ass-agi ukabar « Aqbayli » RCD ( Agraw i yedles d tugdut), deg smeɛceq-ines akked irebraben isenselmen n « RACHAD », tasebba n walɣu agi tusa-d d tiririt anda i d-yerra ɣef usuter n uselway n ukabar agi mas Muḥsin Belɛebbas akken ad ixelleṣ mas ISIWAN tabzert i wkabar.
Ayen i-jebden lwelha n yeqbayliyen mači d timsal n daxel n ukabar agi ger mas ISIWAN akked mas BELƐEBBAS, maca d ayen i d-efeḥ, d tidett yefren i d-ibanen ar wannar aserti, ayen ladɣa i d-is-ḍehren tikli tamaynutt n RCD afus deg fus akked yeɛdawen n tmurt taqbaylit, mgal taneggarut agi, ayen ara d-yessegzin tuzya s uzagur n ukabar neqqaṛ « aqbayli » i tifrat n tmurt taqbaylit deg wegni asertan n wass-a.
Akk iqbayliyen, faqen send ladɣa tanekra n « tegrawla n wecmumeḥ » i d-yebdan ass n 16 Fuṛar 2019, d wamek i tedda d wanda i d-iban ad tessiweḍ, belli ulac tifrat i taluft nettidir ass-agi ama d lezzayer ama d tamurt taqbaylit, ma ur tezdi ara iɣallen-ines tmurt taqbaylit deg yiwen uwanek ara yesbedden abeddel mači kan i lezzayer maca i yakk tamnaṭ n tefriqt n ugafa.
» Ur yettwaqenneɛ ara send imi yefka s wudem n ufus i yrebraben isenselmen n RACHAD, ama d ZIṭuṭ neɣ d Dhina, maca ara yessutur deg-i s wudem n teɣdemt ad ttekkiɣ s tedrimt deg segrireb d lexdiɛ-ines » d wagi i d awal n mas Isiwan ɣef uselway-ines aqbur mas Muḥsin Belɛebbas.
Deg tvideyyutt ara twalim deg tagara n weḍris agi akked mas Racid At Ali Uqasi n « TQ5″, Yasin Isiwan, yemmeslay-ed ɣef temlilit tuffirt ger Muḥsin Belɛebbas d Karim Ṭabu akked d iɛeggalen n RACHAD, ladɣa Ziṭuṭ akked Dehhina, deg wexxam n tilizri » EL MAƔARIBEYYA », ar Yasin timlilit agi tuffirt, d tin i d-yellan akken RCD d Karim Ṭabu ad zzenzen i yrebraben isenselmen tamurt taqbaylit.
Mazal ad nezzi ar temsalt agi, imi d aṭṭan muqqren i d-yeɣlin ɣef tmurt taqbaylit, ad nefḍeḥ kra n usertan neɣ n weqbayli yenwan ad imud tamurt taqbaylit d tuṭict i yeɛdawen n tmurt, ihi imesḥaf agi, ma mači d iqbayliyen ara sen-yesɛetben tikli lezzayer ad sent-mud azuɣer s uttekki d uḥerkel n kra n warraw-is.


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Taduli tatiliẓrit n yiwen n uḥric seg Usarag agraɣlan s uzwel
« Masnsen, deg wul n uskay n Uwanek anumidi » i d-yellan di Lexṛub (Qsenṭina), deg ussan n 20-21 seg Cutember, 2014.
Ayen i yega Masnsen deg unnar asertan d umettan yiweḍ annect n umahil-is aserdasan. Yesdukkel Imaziɣen, yerra-ten d iḥeḍriyen. Yesbedd Awanek anumidi iǧehden deg lqeṛn wis sin uqbel Sidna Ɛisa, dɣa yega-yas tirmisin yecban tid n tmura yuẓan di tallit-nni (Qerṭaj d Ruma). Yeslul-d tadrimt taɣelnawt, yebna tamerriɣt n yiɣerruba, yeslul-d igen( leeskeṛ) aslugan . Yedder d agellid i iḥemmel s waṭas ugdud-is. Ifukan d lemqamat i yettwabnan ilmend-is qqimen-d d inagan ɣef leqder d ccan i as-iga ugdud-is.
Ɣer yidis n unerni n tfellaḥt, di tallit-is daɣen tennerna tmusni d tẓuri akked tsekla i yeṭṭfen amkan meqqren di tudert tazayezt.
Masnsen yewwi amecwar n urgaz ameqqran n Uwanek, iṛeṣṣa tikli n udabu-ines ɣef uqader n yimtawayen d yibeddi mgal n yibeṛṛaniyen i yebɣan ad d-skecmen iman-nsen deg temsal tidaxliyin n tmurt-is. D netta i d-yeǧǧan awal: « Tafriqt i yifriqiyen», i d-yeskanayen tuṭṭfa-ines deg leenaya d tmunent n tmurt.


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Tislit n wuccen
Tislit wuccen (assaɣ ussnan: Mantis religiosa) d talmest n ibureɣsen yeṭṭafaren tislatin wuccen deg twacult n telɣemt n yellu .[1] Talmest-a tettwaglam-d s talɣa tussnant i tikkelt tamezwarut sɣur Carl Von Linné deg useggas n 1758.
Ideggan n tudert (asedger)[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Azaduɣ aẓaṛan n teslit wuccen iga d Uruppa, Asya yakk d Tferka (anda n yilel agrakal). Akken i yettwasekcem ɣer Temrikt tagafant deg useggas n 1899 s uɣerrabu i d-yeddmen tiseṭwa n yemɣan i d-ikkan seg unẓul n Uruppa, Tislit n wuccen tga ass-a d azamul amaddud i uwanak n Connecticut[2]
Allus m tudert[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tinnagrawt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tislit wuccen deg yidles[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ẓeṛ daɣen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Imniren[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ tilmas n tleɣmatin n yellu (s Teglizit) Mantodea Species File Online Tislit wuccen azemz n unekcum 01 yennayer 2016 Archived 2017-12-24 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ CT.gov: The State Insect; retrieved on August 09, 2010 Archived 2015-06-10 at the Wayback Machine


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Ger tlufa yerḥan igad d ttigad yeṭṭfen deg tnekkit-nsen taqbaylit tella tin n tutlayt. Tagi “{ur telli ara kan d allal n taywalt. D nettat id ustu n idles, i yetteebbin tinekkit, azalen d tmuɣli i yettak yal agdud i tmeddurt d umaḍal}” akken d-yura deg rabul n UNESCO ɣef imal n tutlayin deg umaḍal.
Ma yella ɣer Iqbayliyen aṭas ur tt-nefri ara d yiman nsen, deg tmurt ass n wass-a aselmed n teqbaylit yuɣal ttwalin-t kra n yemdanen s weḥqar amzun akken mačči d tutlayt am tiyaḍ. Igerdan regglen ɣef tɣuri, iselmaden sseɣlin azal nsen almi ula d iɣerbazen n tmaziɣt di tesdawiyin ttwalin-ten inelmaden nniḍen s yir tamuɣli.
Askasi d-yellan deg Radio Numydia ɣef taluft agi yeččuṛ s inagan d isawalen qrriḥen si yal tamnaṭ n umaḍal. Deg tmurt, yuɣal umeslay n taerabt i zzux ma d taqbaylit tettbini-d d tutlayt kan n imesdurar.
Deg inig, deewessu ur tezgil ara leqbayel, xas akken d wid yeɣṛan. D. Addar, yellan d taneɣmast deg Radio tis snat, yettidiren tura deg Montreal (Kanada), tenna-d d akken ula dinna iqbayliyen bran i ṭbel deg waman u “smenyifen ad fken arraw nsen ad lemden taerabt wala taqbaylit !!” Imawlan ur d-cligen ara deg tarwa nsen imi ssikiden kan ma yella tutllayt ara lemden a sen d-ssekcem adrim neɣ uhu.
Iminigen n tmura nniḍen, ur ten-tezgil ara. Dɣa tawacult Mezaiche yettilin deg Marikan tejbed-d ɣef taluft n tarwa nsen umi bɣan “{ad aɣen iqbayliyen d teqbayliyin akken ad ssidren tutlayt d yedles-nsen} ».
Tikwal d Iqbayliyen maḍi i yettagin ad lemden u ad smeresen taqbaylit. S A, tenna belli d argaz-is i s-yugin ad mmeslayen taqbaylit deg uxxam. Ula d tidukliwin tidelsanin, rrant aselmed n tultlayt ɣer deffir u smenyifent timeɣriwin n cḍeḥ, tirbutin n seksu d tqendyar n leqbayel. Ma mačči d wagi i d lfulkuṛ wissen d acu-t ihi ?
Maca xas akka, asirem ur yeǧǧi ara imdanen u aṭas i yettnaɣen akken a d-tidir tutlayt taqbaylit deg wennaṛ. Nura akk d Malika deg temdint n Marsay, sbeddent-d yiwet n tidukla ara d-ylhun d uselmed n Teqbaylit, segmi tid yellan ar ass-a ur enint ara ad gent kra.
Ahat ayen icerken akk tilufa agi d tikin ur d nerzi ara ɣef Iqbayliyen, segmi ur sein ara kra n wallalen n n telɣut ara ten-id-yessakin u a ten-isduken ɣef yiwen wawal.
Dɣa amussu n timanit i tmurt n iqbayliyen ifaq s wanect-agi. D almi d-issawel deg umenzu n yennayer izrin i iqbayliyen akken a d-rren azal i tutlayt-nsen u ad tt-smersen deg yal annar n tudert. Maca akken d-tenna tneɣmast D. Addar, “iban-d tura d akken, iqbayliyen d imaziɣen, skud ur sein ara iwunak ara sedduyen s timmad-nsen, ur zmiren ara ad ḍemnen imal i tutlayin-nsen”.
Ass n wass-a tutlayin timeelalin tegguni-tent akk tmettant. Ma yella Taqbaylit tezeger-d acḥal d timiḍa akken a ɣ-d-taweḍ, ur ilaq ara a nestehzi deg-s u ad ttneǧǧ ad texsi deg ilsawen. Ma yella tenqeḍ deg ulawen d yilsawen n wid tt-ittmeslayen, ula i s-d-gent tira.
Mohand-Ali ALLIOUI


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Binyamin
Binyamin mmis n Yakuf (s Tehibṛut: בנימין) d aw (mmi) wis 12 n Yakuf, imma-s isem-is Raḥil illi-s n Laban id yurwen daɣen Yusef agma amyiwen seg yimma-s, S wakka ad yili d azaya wis 12 n wat yisrayel, Anda yella Yakuf (tanekkit-is d Israyil) 12 n warraw d iwetmen d yiwet n teqcict isem-is Dina
Atmaten-is[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Atmaten-is gan d arraw n Yakuf yettwasemman s At yisrayel
- Yusef yellan d agma-s seg yimma-s Raḥil illi-s n Laban igan d illi-s n wana (illi-s n xal-is) n Yakuf
- Rubin yellan d mmi-s n Yakuf ameqran yakk, d Yudas d Lawi d Cimyun d Zabulun d Isakar d yiwet n teqcict isem-is Dina: imma-t-sen d Liya illi-s n Laban i gan d uletma-s n Raḥil
- Dan d Naftali: imma-t-sen d Bilha
- Gad d Acer: imma-t-sen d Zilfa


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Tamulla
Tamulla (Assaɣ ussnan: Oenanthe) d tawsit n yijqiwen meẓẓiyen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tmeṭfizanin.
Tilmas n tewsit-a d tid-ak yellan yakan mmersent deg twacult n tmarguyin, Ma d tura ttusersent deg twacult n tmeṭfizanin. Tilmas-a yakk ttidirent dec Urasya d Tferka n ugafa anagar tamulla n ugafa anda llant kra n tɣerfin degs ttidirent deg usamer n Kanada yakk d Greenland
Tinnagrawt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg usesmel n umnir n weswir amsaylal agraɣlan (alqem 2.10, 2011) yella-d usilley d turrit n kra n telmas seg tewsit-nsent tamzikt yellan d tamullit (Cercomela) ɣer tewsit n tmulla.
Umuɣ n telmas[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
S unect n usesmel n umnir n weswir amsaylal agraɣlan (alqem 5.2, 2015):
- tamulla n ugafa — (Oenanthe oenanthe)
- Tamulla muqelmun — (Oenanthe pileata))
- Tamulla tazeggaɣt yidmaren — (Oenanthe bottae)
- Tamulla n Heuglin — (Oenanthe heuglini)
- Tamulla timneggezt — (Oenanthe isabellina)
- Tamulla n igerramen — (Oenanthe monacha)
- Tamulla yislan — (Oenanthe leucopyga)
- Tamulla taberkant — (Oenanthe leucura)
- Tamulla tameskilt — (Oenanthe picata)
- Acrara — (Oenanthe moesta)


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Isefḍawen zi tseḍmiwin yeggin amkan-nnsent d ameqqran deg wazzarey n uɣennij Amaziɣ Arifi. Aked ca n tseḍmiwin nniḍen am « In umaziɣ », « Itran » d « Ileyzam »… i yellan di Nnaḍur. « Itri Moraima » di Mlilet, d « ttwattun » d « Tidrin » di Lḥusima. Zi tseḍmiwin timezwura i iɣennjent x Tmaziɣt x lḥal n Umaziɣ di Arrif.
Abani n isefḍawen
Teḍhar-d isefḍawen di temdint n Uzɣenɣan jar aseggas n 1977 ?, tsiɣa ar aseggas n 1984. Tsbedd taseḍma-ya leɣnuj-nnes zegga yemsar lexmis aberkan di temdint n Nnaḍur. Di lweqt-a asistim n Lmuɣrib ttuɣa ittɛic umi nettsemma yiḍ-a s « iseggusa n uqerṭas ».
Tban-d taseḍma-ya aked ubani n tmesmunt n « Ticli tadelsant » deg Uzɣenɣan. I ttuɣa yellan d tamesmunt n tussna tamezwarut deg Uzɣenɣan. Ttuɣa tetterra taynit i umezgun, Tamuzikt d tussna. Amek qqaren, axarres-a n tseḍma-ya idduqqeẓ-dd zegga ḥḍaren igmamen (les membres) n tseḍma-ya deg ijjen tinawt (conférence). Ssiwlen dag-s x Tmaziɣt. Zi senni, bdan imeɣnaj-nnes ttɣennjen tiqessisin i yessawalen x yemxumbal n Irifiyen. Ttɣennjen x usufra-nnsen d ukerfes i x-asen ittekken d usinef n lmexzen ameɣrabi i Arrif.
Di min iqqnen ɣer furma n tseḍma-ya, nettaf-it teksi-dd aṭṭas zi tseḍma n « Nas lɣiwan », « Lemcaheb » d « Jil Jilala ». Maca di min iqqnen ɣer llɣawat, nettaf-iten kessin-dd zeg imeɣnaj n lalla buya i ttuɣa yettwassnen di lweqt-nni; am Mimunt n Selwan d Ccix Ceɛṭuf d Farid Nnaḍuri.
Lwalid Mimun: Itri n uɣennij Arifi i wer ixesyen ɛemmers
Artista Ḥimmi Zeryab ttuɣa ɣer-s ijjen tmesmunt qqaren-as Tamesmunt n Zeryab i tmuzikt d umezgun. Ila ittic-asen ansa-nnes maḥend ad dag-s ttrinaren, ɛawed ttuɣa lemmden akid-s tamuzikt. La d tamesmunt n Liniṭilaqa ttaqafiya tegga min x-as maḥend ad terni ad tsceɛceɛ di tseḍma-ya.
Amek yettwassen, taseḍma-ya ttuɣa dag-s xemsa n artistat, d iwtman. Ttuɣa ɣer-sen jar 16 d 17 n isgegusa di buḥbel umi bdan ad ggen taseḍma-ya. Ittsemma ttuɣa-ten ɛad d imeḥḍaren di llisi n Ɛebdelkrim di Nnaḍur. Artistat-a nitni d : Naser Saleḥ, Ɛebdennaser Imḥerref, Ḥmed Meɛɛaci, Ilyas Ssenusi, Mesṭafa Helhul d Buɛziz Saleḥ; i ɣa yeffɣen zi tseḍma-ya ad iraḥ ad igg taseḍma n « Benneɛman ».
Artistat n tseḍma-ya kul ijjen man abrid i ɣa yeṭṭef. Mesṭafa Helhul d Ɛebdennaser Imḥerref iggur ad ilin d iselmaden. Naser Saleḥ ad ixdem di lmuyyi n Nnaḍur ḥaca Ssenusi d Meɛɛaci ixḍaren abrid n wetlaɛ ɣer berra.
Min xef tettɣennej Isefḍawen
Isefḍawen tɣennej jar 13 d 14 n iɣennijen s Tmaziɣt. Ca zeg iɣennijen, ila llan d nitni i dasen-ittarin iwalen-nnsen, tteggen-asen llɣa. Maca aṭṭas n yezlawiyen ttuɣa ttemsurrufen aked Isefḍawen, zzag-sen Ḥenkur Lhewwari; i ttuɣa ixeddmen deg ukaryar n Wiksan. Din Ɛebdellah Lwalid d Saɛid Musawi i yewcin taqessist n « Ttlaɣiɣ-dd x-am » i tseḍma-ya. Imeggura-ya aked Muḥemmed Anas d Ɛebdelɣani Buḥmidi.
Zeg iɣennijen ittwassnen n tseḍma-ya « aɣerrabu-nneɣ », aɣennij n « Sebḥan llah lɛaḍim », « idurar n Arrif » d « ttlaɣiɣ-dd x-am ».
Cwayt x tudert n Ceɛṭuf (Ḥmed Lbeɣdadi)
Isefḍawen tecrec deg waṭṭas n imsagaren, di Llisi n Ɛebdelkrim, Ccarif Ameẓẓyan, Lkindi. Tecrec deg waṭṭas n imsagaren di Nnaḍur, Lḥusima d tesdawit n Wejda. Mamec cercen deg useddi n « Tifawin n temdint » di Meknas geɛɛden zzag-s ɣer Rrbaṭ.
Waxxa amenni, taseḍma-ya wer tiwiḍ ca ad tzemmem iɣennijen-nnes di ca n walbum, mɣir arcif n ttelfaza d min zemmen ca n midden x sintat. Minzi amec yettwassen ttuɣa wer din bu ca n studyu di Nnaḍur, ɛawed ttuɣa wer din bu tizemmar n ttmenyat i zi ɣa mmuttyen ɣer tneddam nniḍen.


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Zeggami i yella bnadem, itteṭṭes s llilet, ittfaqa s uzil…
Zeggami i ttuɣa ɛad ittɛic deg yefran aked lewḥuc, ar iḍa, ittahnaci bnadem aked ifilan n tfawt n uzil, ḥuma ad ikemmel ccɣel-nnes, a dd-yawi nnhar-nnes. Ɣir ad yebda ubeḥrur n tmeddit ad yesseḥdeq udem n uzil, a das-yembu tallest, lexdenni, ittadef bnadem ɣer wexbuc-nnes ḥuma ad yeskuta, ad yeṭṭes. ar dd-tenqer tfukt, niɣ ar ibeyyen lḥal, ad yekker ɛawed ad yemxetway.
Mala nseqsa ijjen zi ṭṭerf: Mayemmi iwdan ttmulluɣen s uzil, tteṭṭsen s llilet? Twarrit-nnes x useqsi-ya tban; a daneɣ-yin: aqa s llilet walu tfawt! bnadem wer ittwili, s uyenni, itteqqen tiṭṭawin, itteṭṭes. Walli am uzil, ittwala min ittegg, d mani yeggur…
S uzil, tella tfawt, s llilet wer telli bu tfawt! S uya, ixarres bnadem bac a dd-yesxinectar cwayt n wakud zi llilet, a dd-isaqar min das-ɣa-yeggen tfawt. Ɣer umezwaru, ttuɣa yesruqqa timessi deg ikeccuḍen, zi ssenni, yedwel ittegg isefḍawen, isaqar-dd ɛawed ccmeɛ, isaqar-dd leqnadel d llambat… ar asegg°as n 1879, i dd-ɣa-yas Thomas Edison, a dd-isaqar bumbiya n tfawt txeddem s kuryinti.
Aterras arifi, ula d netta yeɛdu zeg isurifen-a merra. yeqqim di tallest, yegga ḥaduq ḥuma ad ittwala, yesserɣ isefḍawen, yesserɣ ccmeɛ, yesserɣ leqnadel… arami i t-idd-tiweḍ tfawt n kuryinti. Maca mkul asurif zeg isuraf i yeqqnen amun arifi aked tfawt, ittbeddal deg-s cwayt s cwayt.
Aṭṭas n ibilajen n Arif, wer ɣer-sen yudif kuryinti alami d isegg°usa n tesɛin d tsawent, ɛad ɣer umezwaru, ttuɣa sruqqan abilaj s umuṭur d ameqqran. Imuṭuren-a ɛad aqqa-ten din di lebɛad n ibilajen, amecnaw Lkebdani, mmersen, rcan, cehden x zzman-nsen.
Qbel ma a dd-yadef kuryinti, ttuɣa sruqqan yewdan ccmeɛ, niɣ d leqnadel niɣ d llambat, deg-sen aṭṭas n yeklusay; din inni n zzit, d iqdimen, din ɛawed inni n lgaz, xenni i ddɣa banen ɣer uneggar inni i umi qqaren leqnadel n buṭramas, reqqen s nnefs n buṭagaz, deg-sen lqendil n teɣɣreyt, d lqendil i ittawyen zzaj.
Di llṭa-ya wa n usexdem n lqendil, tiwacunin di Arif ttuɣa ttmunent deg yij n wexxam mani i tella tfawt-nni tefsus, ittili din wemradas, d wemsawaḍ, d wemherwaḍ… ttilin ula d iklusay n tirart d tḍeḥḥakt jer wawmaten d tawmatin, ar ilin ɛlayen ad ṭṭsen, a ten-tesmun tḥennat niɣ d tayemmat, a dasen-tɛawed tiḥuja, uca ad ṭṭsen. Ula d iḍes, ttuɣa tteṭṭsen yewdan zik, ttekkren zik.
Awarn i umi dd-tudef tfawt n kuryinti, yedwel kul axxam s bumbiya-nnes. Iwdan i ttuɣa ittmunen ɣer tfawt n lqendil niɣ n tcumɛet, ttemsawaḍen, ttemherwaḍen, dewlen ttembezzaɛen di lebyut, minzi tbezzeɛ-iten tfawt. Rni x manaya; kuryinti yudef-dd akid-s wetlibizyun, dewlent ayt twacunt i ttuɣa ittiraren, ttemɛurbujen, ssawalen jer-asen, qqaren tiḥuja, qqaren tiwafitin… -dewlen- reẓẓmen aqemmum di min dd-iɛeddun deg wetlibizyun. aya, iɛan aterras arifi ɣer tattut n waṭṭas n leɛwayed-nnes, ad ibeddel ula d udem n tudert-nnes.
Arifi i ttuɣa itteṭṭsen zik, ittekker zik, yedwel ittɛeṭṭar deg yiḍes, wer ittfiqi zik. Rni x manaya, Yedwal ittɛan ixf-nnes ɣer tudert n temdint, ittmexsa tudert n ddcar d teqbilt. Yefruri-dd x manaya; ij n wemlagg°aj jer urifi d tmurt. Yedwel itteqqen ɣer tfawt, d mani i tella tfawt n kuryinti, d min dd-yusin aked kuryinti, ifessi aked tudert n kuryinti.
Aked wakud, yemsar yij useyyeq n ledcur zeg yewdan i yengerwen ɣer ibilajen d tneddam. Inni i yeqqimen ɛad ɣemyen di ledcur-nsen, ula d nitni mmexsen aṭṭas n leɛwayed d wudmawen n tudert i ttuɣa tteddren lejdud. Mmexsen ula d tawiza d wedwal d temɛawant i ttuɣa yellan d buḥbel n tudert di tqebbal.
Aseqsi i dd-ittehrubbuzen arendad i manaya: ma ad yennam Arif aked tudert n « tfawt n kuryinti », ad yewwet s rreklet « tudert n lqendil »? niɣ lebda ad yeqqim wesɣun i itteqqnen iḍennaḍ aked wass-a?
Min yexs ad yini useqsi-ya; ma ad yeqqim Arif n twiza d wedwal d tḥuja d tmunit d lemraḥ…? Niɣ neggur ɣer yij n Arif n « wen yexsen zembu yembu-t, wen yexsen Ḥemmu yerbu-t »?… Yemra s waṭṭas bac a dd-nerr x useqsi-ya, i itteḥdajan tuɣbayt n trezzutin tintruppulujin d tsusyulujin ḥuma ad yemsar yij usefsi i wamun Arifi, d ubeddel i deg-s yemsaren deg yij n wakud d aquḍaḍ…
Min xseɣ Merra zi taynit-inu i usentel-a; urid d tagit i tudert n tfawt, niɣ d aneḥmez ɣer tudert n lqendil; maca kter zeg uya d uyin, rezzuɣ x tefras n Arif. Arif i yessuysen iḍennaḍ d amezruy, Arif i ɣer-yella yiles d lmanet deg iqemmumen-nneɣ, Arif i ɣer tella tdelsa d leɛwayed… Merra manaya, sruqqiɣ x-as tfawt ḥuma ad iniɣ: Ma a necc aɣrum (i yeqqnen aked tfawt n kuryinti), a nettu Arif? Niɣ a nerzu x Arif i deg-neɣ yeddren, ḥuma a t-nessedder?…
Iseqsan-a, d imunas-a, nettaf limert-nsen ula deg yezlan i yettwannan aked ubani n kuryinti di lebɛaḍ n tneddam n Arif. Yeqqar yij n yezli:
« A biyya Lḥusima,
Din aman, din ṭṭu.
Din ula d ifilan,
Yesdeɛqen ul-inu ».
Deg yezli-ya, i ttwaliɣ necc iqanṭar-it-idd yijjen izeddeɣ di ca n ddcer yudes i Biyya, mani wer ɣer-sen dd-yiwiḍ ṭṭu d waman amen llan di Biya. S uya, iqanṭar-dd izlan x tenni i xef-tt-yecc, i ittɛicen deg temdint deg-s tfawt d ifilan n kuryinti. azlawi-ya yedɛeq wul-nnes s bunerjuf i yecca x tenni i ittɛicen di Biyya, axmi i yedɛeq s ifilan n kuryinti i din yellan…


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Isefrek
Isefrek neɣ iɣiwerflay (Assaɣ usnan: Falco rusticolus) d talmest tameqrant yakk n iseflayen, Yessefrurux deg tizgelt n ugafa d Uruppa n ugafa d tegzirin n Temrikt n ugafa akken yezdeɣ din daɣen, maca kra n isefrak ttinigen deg tegrest seld n tallit n umyaraw
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Isefrek d aylal meqren s waṭas annect n telmest meqqren yakk deg tewsit n tsekla, Addud n uwtem yettili gar n 48 ar 61 cm, azuk-is gar n 805 ar 1350 g ma d afriwen-is leddin seg 110 ar 130 cm, Dɣa d tawtemt i yugaren awtem deg ubleɣ acku addud-is yettili gar n 51 ar 65 cm ma d afriwen-is leddin ar 124- 160 cm yettazen 1180 ar 2100 g, adfer n isefrek yettili gar n 19 ar 29 cm, Aqamum-is seg 2 ar 2,8 cm


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Alaḥal 42 ig immuten ar lexxu, zzag-sen 17 d imeddanen d 25 d iɛeskriyen s ikemmuḍen i yekkin x iẓelmeḍ n Legzayer, ula kṭer tamnaḍt n Leqbayel. Lḥukuma Tagzayrit tenna illa ikemmuḍen d ca n ijjen i ten-isserɣen, tirɣi d leḥmu ikemmel x-asen.
Ɛebdelmajid Tebbun i yellan d amɣar n Legzayer yura x Twitter: belli netta isḥissef i tmettant n 25 uɛeskri. Zegga wwḍen ad snejmen ca n 100 unamur zi tmessi i yerɣin deg idurar n Bgayet d Tizi Wezzu. Tawzrit n wemzaɣ ttuɣa tefsar-d tameddit n ttlata.Ila mmuten 18 n iɛeskriyen d 13 innyezmen zegga cerken deg usexsi n tmessi. Twekked ila amladaf-nnsen yewweḍ ad issenjem ca n 110 n inamuren zzag-sen irgazen, timɣarin d iḥenjiren.
Awzir n ugensu Kamal Beljud, i yruḥen ɣer Tizi Wezzu. Yenna belli « umi tekker timessi kṭer zi 50 n iraqqen qa manaya iqqseḥ ad yili zi ɣer-s waha. Ippudar timessi-ya d ḥedd i tt-isnekkren ». Amɣar n iwziren yenna belli qa ttuɣa din ca n 70 n ikemmuḍen n tmessi di 18 n twilayin deg yeẓẓlmeḍ. Taḥeṭṭayt tameddant tenna ɛawed belli 13 n twilayin-nneɣni tekker dag-sent tmessi zzag-sent; Jijel, Tabwirt, Sṭif, Xencela, Galmad Bgayet. Merra tineddam-a tina aqqa-tent deg yeẓẓlmeḍ n Legzayer.
Ameḥḍay n taganin (leɣwabi) di Tizi Wezzu, Yusef Wekd Muḥemmed yenna belli asemmiḍ ittsuḍen d tzawa d nitni i yejjin timessi ad teṭṭef aṭṭas, s uya, asexsi-nnes ttuɣa yemxumbel.


text:
Asif n ignwan
Asif n ignwan nɣd Amahlaw (s tfransist: Galaxie, s tanglizt: Galaxy, s taɛrabt: مجرة) iga yat trabbut n itran d ukḍṛuṛ d uzwinti artn zzgayn ɣ iḥbutn irmskiln s unzaɣ anammas d uɣal imqquṛn igat mas gant akbay asggan ar smiln isaffn n ignwan (imaḥlawn) talɣiwin nnsnt d imẓṛi nsn, d ar ttẓlin ɣ kṛaḍ n wanawn ixatarn :
Isaffn n ignwan iwr ingrawn ur dars kra n talɣa iẓlin d gis kigan n itran imẓẓin.
Isaffn n ignwan ibṛbbachn, iddar illa talɣa n iritl. Llan ɣ imaḥlawn ibṛbbachn kigan n itran ɣ tama n ulday n ukḍruṛ d uzwinti.
Imaḥlawn ihliljin iḥ llan itran iqqbuṛn d imikk n uzwinti d ukḍṛuṛ, iẓḍaṛ ayg umaḥlaw waḥdat nɛd attili ɣ trubba ggutnin n imaḥlawn.
Amawal[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- amaḥlaw = المجرة
- ukḍṛuṛ = غبار
- uzwinti = غاز
- zzgayn = يثبتونهم
- iḥbutn = مدارات
- uɣal = اعتقاد
- akbay asggan = ثقب اسود
- smiln = تصنف
- talɣiwin nnsnt = أشكالهم
- imẓṛi nsn = مظهرها
- ttẓlin = تختلف
- iwr ingrawn = غير منظمة
- talɣa = شكل
- iẓlin = محدد
- ibṛbbachn = حلزوني
- iritl = قرص
Tiɣbula :[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- محمد اوسوس، كوكرا في الميثولوجيا الامازيغية ص 117


text:
Tawilayt n Mila
Tawilayt n Mila d Tawilayt deg tmurt n Lezzayer (s yisem aneṣli: ميلة, ⵎⵉⵍⴰ). Zedɣen-tt 766 866 n yimezdaɣen. Ma d tajumma-ines tesɛa azal n 9 375 km². Tamanaɣt ines d tamdint n mila. Tawilayt-a tebḍa ɣef 13 n tdayriwin:
- Tadayra n Ɛin Lbiḍa Ḥerric (Ɛin Lbiḍa Ḥerric, Lɛeyyaḍi Berbas)
- Tadayra n Buḥatem (Buḥatem, Buṣlaḥ)
- Tadayra n Celɣum Lɛid (Ɛin Lmelluk, Celɣum Lɛid, Wad Lɛetmaneyya)
- Tadayra n Ferǧiwa (Ferǧiwa, Bni Gecca)
- Tadayra n Grarem Guga (Legrarem Guga, Ḥemmala)
- Tadayra n Mila (Mila, Ɛin Ttin, Sidi Xlifa)
- Tadayra n Wad Nnǧa (Ḥmed Racdi, Wad Nnǧa, Zɣaya)
- Tadayra n Rrwaced (Rrwaced, Tibergent)
- Tadayra n Sidi Merwan (Ccigara, Sidi Merwan)
- Tadayra n Taǧnant (Ben Yeḥya Ɛebderreḥman, Wlad Xelluf, Taǧnant)
- Tadayra n Tasadan Ḥeddada (Zarza, Tasadan)
- Tadayra n Tlaɣma (Lemcira, Wad Seggan, Tlaɣma)
- Tadayra n Terɛi Baynan (Arras, Tasala, Terɛi Baynan)


text:
Tutlayin tislavin
Tutlayin tislavin d yiwet twacult n tutlayin tihenduṛupiyin yeṭṭafaren tagrawt n tutlayin tibaltu-slavin. Tutlayin tislavin ssiliɣen-t-d tagrawt meqqren n tutlayin yellan yimsawalen-is di Uṛuppa talemmast d ubalkan d Uṛuppa n usamar d Sibirya d usamar afellay n Rusya yakk d Asya talemmast.
Asesmel[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tagrawt n tutlayin tislavin tebḍa ɣef 3 n twaculin timutlayin: Tasemrant, Tutrimt yakk d tnaẓult.
- Tawacult n usamar:
- Tawacult tutrimt:
- Tutlayin tislavin n wenẓul


text:
CLDR, d acu-t?
CLDR (wali asenfaṛ CLDR deg usmel unṣib n UNICODE ), axefwal n Common Local Data Repository, d asenfaṛ n ukunsurṣyum UNICODE i d-yettmuddun lsas n usali n iseɣzanen akken ad izmiren ad sferken akk tutlayin n umaḍal. Isefka-agi ad ten-sqedcen deqs n imaẓragen deg usideg n ifecka-nsen. CLDR yegber deqs n yeḥricen:
- Tineɣrufin icudden ar tutlayt i umasal akked tesleṭ: Azemz, akud, iẓdiyen usrigen, imḍanen akked izamulen n tedrimin
- Tasuqilt n yismawen: Tutlayin, inagrawen n tira, timura, timnaḍin, tidrimin, talliyin, ayyuren, ussan, talliyin n wussan, izḍiyen usrigen, timdinin akked tayunin n wakud.
- Tutlayt akked telɣut n unagraw n tira: isekkilen yettwaseqdacen; talɣa n usget; tuzzuft; aseqdec n usekkil ameqqran; ilugan n usmizzwer & anadi; tanila n tira; ilugan n useskel; ilugan n ususru n imḍanen; ilugan n tubḍin n uḍris ar wawra, awalen neɣ tifyar.
- Talɣut ɣef tmurt: aseqdec n tutlayt, talɣut n tedrimt, awitay akked umsadi n umalas, akked tingalin n tiliɣri
- Ayen-nniden : Asefrek n tengalin ISO & BCP 47, Tineɣrufin n inasiwen
Tasidegt n tulayt n teqbaylit tekker yakan deg UNICODE. Ugar n isallen, ddu ar usebter-nneɣ adigan CLDR Aqbaylit anida ara tafem akk iḥricen-agi, neɣ srid ar usmel Web n CLDR dagi
Amawal:
Asefrek:gestion Talɣa:forme Amasal: format Ilugan: règles Asusru: prononciation Tanila: direction Asenfaṛ: projet Axefwal: Acronyme Tangalt: Code Tiliɣri: Téléphone Talɣut: Information Taneɣruft: Modèle Anasiw: clavier Akunṣursium: consortium Asmizzwer: Tri Izdi usrig: Fuseau horaire Asideg : Localisation Aseskel: translittération Akud: temps Azemz: Date Tubḍin: Segmentation Tifyar: Phrases Awra: graphème Amsaḍi: Convention Amalas: Semaine Tasleṭ: Analyse Imiḍanen: nombres


text:
LES INDICES LINGUISTIQUES DU TEXTE ARGUMENTATIF EN LANGUE AMAZIGHE
Date2016
Author
HAMOUCHE, Dihia
GUERDA, Sadia
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
Tutlayt n tmaziɣt, am tutlayin-nniḍen ,teḥwaǧ allalen, d tarrayin iwakken win ara tyaɣren, ad t-yefhem akken iwata. Ger wallalen-agi ad d-nafn iḍrisen.Iḍreisen-agi sɛan azal d ameqran di tmetti-nneɣ, ladɣa deg uḥric n leqraya. Iwakken ad nesseqdec tutlayt n tmaziɣt, ilaq fell-aɣ, ad nzer amgired yellan ger tewsatin n tmaziɣt; daɣen ad nissin iferdisen n tesnalsit n yal tawsit. Ihi deg tezrawt-agi-nteɣ newwi-d awal ɣef ɣef yiwet n tewsit ger tewsatin n yiḍrisen; tawsit-a, d aḍris imesfukel. Deg uxeddim-agi-nteɣ, neɛreḍ ad d-nekkes isefranen s way-s yebna wuḍris imesfukel, ilmed n waya nebḍa-t ɣef sin n yiḥricen. Deg uḥric amenzu newwi-d awal ɣef tenfaliyin tigejdanin i d nemger di teɣbula yemgaraden ara nesseqdec di tesleḍt. Deg uḥric wis sin newwi-id awal gef isefranen yerzan aḍris imesfukel: -Imataren udmawanen: deg ammud-nteɣ n yiḍrisen imsfukelen, nekkes-d imataren udmawanen yettwasemrasen. -Talɣiwin n umyag: D tasleḍt n talɣiwin tumyigin yettsumersen deg wammud-nteɣ. -Isuraz : D tasleḍt n yimassaɣen i yellan deg wammud-nteɣ. Nexdem daɣen agzul i yiferdisen n tesnalsit wid yellan deg wammud-nnteɣ, d wid id yettuɣalen s waṭas. Di taggara; iswi n uxuddim-agi-nteɣ d asefruri n yisefranen yettwasmarsen deg uḍris imsfukel, ama d ayen yerzan imqimen udmawanen, ama d ayen yerzan talɣiwin n umyag, d wuriwin-nsen, d yimassaɣen.


text:
TAMURT – « Lqaɛa ines, igenni ines »
D ayen i iɛaddan tilas. Ulac deg-s amedya : lqaɛa ines, igenni ines d cci neɣ lberr d ddunit ɣur ulac tilisa. Amdan u ɣur :lqaɛa d igenni ines, d win i yeddan aṭṭas di sɛaya. Neɣ diɣen neqqar: Ṛebbi deg igenni, netta di lqaɛa. D bab n cci, n rrbeḥ s waṭṭas akked d wayen nniḍen.
« Icuba-yi Ṛebbi, icebba-yi Ṛebbi »
Acabi d kra i twalaḍ di tmuɣli deg allaɣ-ik, maɛna mazal lḥal ur
k-d-iḥaz (toucher) ara akken iwata. Degw aya, hatan izdeɣ kra n ccek n
uxayel ɣef ayen yebɣa yiwen ad t-id isefhem neɣ ad d-yini i wayeḍ.
Ayagi d ayen ara twaliḍ, acku am akken iɣumm-it kra akken ad k-d-ibin.
Yernu d ayen imi d takti-k ara d-fkeḍ a bnadem i wayeḍ, labudd tugadeḍ
ad tɣelḍeḍ ihi akken ur d-yettili ara fell-ak alamma ass azekka, ad
degreḍ cekk fell-as ar ɣer-s. (il me semble, il parait que,…)
« Iwehha-yi-d Ṛebbi » (imekkenb-iyi-d Ṛebbi).
Awehhi i d-nenna, am akken d kra ur d-nban ara si deffir n tagut,
tettwaliḍ-tt, maca tɣumm s kra n lizar (voile) amsirqan (transparent).
Di lemnam ittweḥḥi-d Ṛebbi kra n lexyal ar yemdanen.
1) « Iwehhi-yi-d Ṛebbi, akka i tella teswiɛt »
(point de vue devant un publique).
2) « Iweḥḥa-yi-d Ṛebbi, akka i ilaq »
(donnez son point de vue sur la chose).
D laman ɣef kra n ṛṛay neɣ n tɣawsa, acku ulac laman neɣ kra n uxayel
ɣef tukksa n ccek. Dɣa, amdan ad iger dimma aɣbel fell-as akken ma
yella-d leɣlaḍ ak-yin : « Yak nniɣ-d yagi, iweḥḥa-yi-d kan Ṛebbi (comme
avoir une vision de qlqc. Il m’est apparu que… etc,…)
3) « Yewwi-yi-d Ṛebbi ».
Dagi amdan iḥṣa d lekdeb, yeɣleḍ deg ayen i iwala. Am akken tikti
id-yusan iwala-tt kan d lexyal zzat n wallen-is. (Cela me semble…Cela me semble que…) Amdeya: « Akka iyi-d yewwi Ṛebbi, tura ma ɣelḍeɣ kan…Akka i ilaq ad twaxedmen lecɣal (la personne a une certitude de la justesse de son point de vue).
Hand Berkouk


text:
Issiwel ij n uneqqis issujden x « waman i di ttɛumman iwdan di lebḥurat d ijdi n playat » deg useggas n 2021. Aneqqis-a issiwel x ifuraḍ n lebḥer deg wanaw n « Plastik/pulistirin » ittakkwaḍen ar 86% zeg ifuraḍ i jemɛen x lebḥurat di Lmuɣrib amen yekmel. Aneqqis-a ibḍa tizubayin n lebḥer ɣer ibuntwen n igarruten (35.1%). Tiqebbarin d plastik n tzeyyatin n plastin (17.9%). Plastik n tcips (17.5%). Iqqar uneqqis-a aqqa ddegg-a n wanawen ttakkwaḍen ar 60% zeg ifuraḍ ijemɛen.
Di Arrif waha, afraḍ ijemɛen iwweḍ ɣer 2713 /100 deg uftas n Kalabuniṭa (jjihet n Biyya). Ɛawed jemɛen 250 n uferdis/100 deg uftas n Buqana di Nnaḍur. Waxxa amenni, yenna uneqqis-a aqqa afraḍ i yufin deg useggas n 2020 ihwa mala nekker a t-nemqudda aked tnayen iseggusa i yeɛdan (2018 d 2019). Maca hekku-ya yus-d alaḥsab abelleɛ-nni i yemsaren s Kuruna, ula kṭer abelleɛ n iftasen.
Γer ɛawed: Mikro‑plastik, Tiyarjin tisemmaḍin!


text:
Tigermamzikin
Tigermamzikin (Assaɣ ussnan: Aegypiinae) d tawacult tanegzant yeṭṭafaren tawacult n iberniyen, ɣef tmernawt n Igermalen n umadal amzik dges daɣen ijudar d tsiwanin d useflay, Tigermamzikin ur lint ara (ur sɛant ara) tanila n usekdu yuddsen (ijehden) i lant (i sɛant) tgermatrarin
TilmasẒreg
Tidak-a de kra n telmas yellan s ddaw n twacult tanegzant (tigermamzikin):
- Agermal azunɣid (Aegypius monachus)
- Merẓ iɣsan ( Gypaetus barbatus)
- Ijider amejjuṭ (Gyps fulvus)
- Agermal n Lhend (Gyps indicus)
- Agermal n Himalaya (Gyps himalayensis)
- Isɣi (Neophron percnopterus)


text:
Imaziɣn
Gan Imaziɣn yan uɣrf illan ɣ ugafa n Tfriqt, gin aɣrf nns anṣli, tg tmaziɣt tutlayt.
Ismsnfl
Imaziɣn iga isem nna fkan imaziɣen i iɣfawen-nnsen, ig par conséquence andonym, ism d-ikkan agʷns, ikka-d ayt dars. Asuf nns iga tt (t)amaziɣ(t). Llan ismawen yaḍen ar ten-akkan imaziɣn i ixfawn nnsn; iclḥiyen ad akkʷ gisen izwaren. Wid iggʷran, ar daɣ ttinin i wawal nnsn taclḥit. Tacelḥit ad nenna as tlla tunɣilt-ad n Wikipidia (shi). Imuhaɣ, ger wiyyaḍ (entre autres), iga isem da akkan imaziɣn n ayt tnzruft (désert) i ixfawn nnsn, mac ism ad nufa ad nini iga ɣar tamzarayt n imaziɣn. Iga amagut agʷnsan (neɣ irẓan) n tguri amaziɣ: imuzaɣ, s tmerniwt n usnfl amsesli n "z" s "h", yan usnfl bahra ittwassann ɣ dar ayt tnzruft (izi, s umdya, ar darsn ittgga ihi).
Amadan amaziɣsnfl
Afgan amaziɣ amzwaru nɣ babatsn n imaziɣn assaɣ ns igat "Maziɣ", ilma maziɣ dars sin warraw "Bṛans" d "Madɣis", mayad a ibḍan imaziɣn s sin iɣrfan : Ibṛnasn (aɣrf n Bṛans) d imdɣasn (aɣrf n Madɣis).
Ibrnassnfl
Ibrnas bḍan s mraw n iɣrfan (nɣ iqqbiln) :
- Iskurn
- Iẓnagn
- Iktamn
- Iwrabn
- Imṣmudn
- Izdajn
- Iwriɣn
- Iɛjisn
- Ilmaṭn
- Iguzuln
Imdɣasnsnfl
Imdɣasn bḍan s sin d mraw n uɣrf :
- Ijanatn (Znata)
- Infzawn
- Imzatn
- Imɣiln
- Imtɣṛn
- Iṣḍinen
- Izwaɣn
- Izwwarn
- Ilwwatn
- Inffusn
- Imṭmaṭn
- Imdyunen
Tamsalt n usalasnfl
Assa, amata n imaraten ar ttinin mas d-kkan imaziɣn kra n imzdaɣn ganin autoktonn, bayenn-d in situ ɣ Ifriqya n ugafa, tili darsn yan idls apaliolit igan ibiromaurus (-16,000 usggʷas), d wiyyaḍ darsn yan idls amizolit igan u Gfsa (idels agefsi). Wiyyaḍ ar ttinin mas d-kkan (imaziɣn) imzdaɣn icrqiyn ganin ayt Ccam, zugn s ugafa n Ifriqya ɣ uzmz n tetranzisiont taniolitt. (gr - 9,500 d -7,000 usggʷas)....
Amzruysnfl
Numidyasnfl
numidya nttat tagldit taqburt tamaẓunt nns sirta ɣilad assaɣ nns qsenṭina tbed ghrb n ẓlmḍ n ifriqya zi tuns ar lmɣrib lan dis sin n trbiɛin tarbiɛt tamzwarut assaɣ n mazilyun di ljiha lghrbiya di tgldit n numidya netnin d taqbilt n tamizt di mdukal n ṛuman gin tiwiza jirasn x qarṭaj, tarbiɛt wais sin assaɣ nns masaysulyun lan ag qerṭaj x ṛuman tamurt nnsen tla jar sṭif d dzayt (tamaẓunt) d wahran dɣi
masinissa niɣ masin asmzi n ussaɣ
Iglidn imaziɣnsnfl
Tiramsnfl
ksksu niɣ الكُسْكُس utci da amaziɣ itwag s uggran n imndi niɣ dra itwac s tɣnjayi niɣ s ufuil illint ola tiram yanin dar imazighn twasen nist g tsgwin n umadal zond taglla nghd tarayt na skarn imazighn sg irden ola tomzin
Tutlaytsnfl
Asgdsnfl
Timizarsnfl
Ɣ Lmɣribsnfl
niɣ tagldit n lmɣrib(lmrruk)s taɛrabt المملكة المغربية awank tlla g ẓlmḍ n ifriqya tamaẓunt nnes ṛbaṭ tga tadart tumlilt tamdint tamqrant d tamaẓunt tadmsant; tsaja lmɣrib x yil amllal n wammas x tagut n ugaraw n laṭlanti agmmuḍ nns dzayr ayfus nns muriṭanya
Ɣ Dzayrsnfl
dzayr assaɣ nnes unṣib (tagdudant n dzayr tadimuqraṭit taɣrfant) niɣ الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية tawankt tamuslmt taɛrabt tamaziɣt dzayr yan n tmurt tamqrat di tafrikt tis mraw deg umaḍal, tlla deg tafrikt n ugafa x ẓlmḍ nnes il amlal n wammas x ugmmuḍ nnes tuns d libya x uyfus mali d nijer x tagutn lmɣrib d muriṭanya
Ɣ Tunssnfl
tuns tawankt n ifriqya ugafa tusid ingr dzayr d libya tamaẓunt nns tuns ma immalan masd itunsiyn imaziɣn ,mamk imaziɣn maṛṛa , acku tussna n itunsiyn nttat 100% tga tamaziɣt iɣ itɛrrb ils , ur ittɛrrb tussna gan maṛṛa imzdaɣ n tmurt tuns sg imaziɣn، di anggaru... tnna tzrawt timttit (ijtilaɛiya) di tuns tagara usgg°as 2009 tenna masd uṭṭun n itunsiyn sg laṣl amaziɣ ur idrus xf 60% sg maṛṛa imzdaɣ n tuns. tugt n itunsiyn walan i tiqbilin timaziɣin timqqranin tnfra (tḥkm) tmurt dat (qbl) ad tḍṛ qarṭaj di anaw tikunfidiraliyin lli iḥkmn maṛṛa tisggiwin sg tamazirt , ilmma tbḍa ɣr iɣrman d tiwacunin، da nttafa gr tikunfidariwin lli cigan itussan، takunfidiralit lfaracic tssnta nttat sg tala d lqṣrin ar aftas ( susa d ṣfaqṣ ) tyawskar g ufus umɣar amaziɣ anṭlas d tkkatin tamanaɣt nns tala، d ula takunfidiralit n warɣma g iffus (ljanub) acrqi nttat tkkatin da tsmuna tugt n tiqbilin dis lɛkara d lxzur d tawazin d wadrna d didsn imzdaɣ ɣmrasn ljbaliya . da nttafa ula di iẓlmḍ tiqbilin yaḍn timqranin , s twala tbḍa ar tiqbilin timẓyanin، da nk°tti digs zund: lḥiṣr، mqɛd، naqza، makna، bjawa، lḥnanca، awtala، ulad ɛiyar، wartlan، lbraqa، kasra، hwara، carn، zɣalma ... gan imsiwln s tutlayt tamaziɣt ass a di tuns ugar n 500,000 n ufgan llan di mṭmaṭa، tiṭṭawin، tigzirt jarba،qabs, gafṣa، lgṣrin,tkruna,ksra,tala d idurar xamir d tmi n iwutta akd dzayr d ula imsiwln s tmaziɣt d imzdaɣn n tuns tamanaɣt n iffus bla nettu imaziɣn imzwagn di bṛṛa
Ɣ Libyasnfl
libya tawankt tlla di ifriqya n ugafa (iẓlmḍ) tamaẓunt nns ṭarablus
Ɣ Muritanyasnfl
muriṭanya niɣ tagdudant tamuslmt tamuriṭanit; awank di iẓlmḍ n ifriqya tamaẓunt nns nwakcuṭ tlla xu agaraw n laṭlasi x ẓlmḍ ins lmɣrid d dzayr d siniɣal x yfus d mali x ugmmuḍ d uyfus
Ɣ Miṣrasnfl
Yat lwaḥt a'ɣ bahra sul llan imaziɣen ɣ tmazirt n Miṣra, a'tt-igan d Siwa, neɣ Isiwan iɣ nit nra ad nsawel s tmaziɣt. Tucka-d Isiwan ɣ utaram akkʷ n tmazirt n Miṣra, taẓ i iwetta n tmazirt d Libya. Uṭṭun n imezdaɣen-nnes iga-t 35,000, 20,000 ad zigsen isawalen s tmaziɣt, d wuṭṭun-ad n imselmaziɣen ar ukan sul ittnaqas. Tella yat lwaḥt yaḍen, imeẓẓeyn f Isiwan, ɣ llan imaziɣen, tga-tt Gara. Tella ɣ ugafa ugmiḍ n Isiwan, d ur nn bahra fell-as taggug. Ayt Gara drusen f ayt Isiwan.


text:
Asduklan (isduklanen), communiste (fr) - communist (en) - comunista (es) - شيوعي
Addad amaruz: usduklan/wesduklan (yisduklanen/yesduklanen).
Ẓer daɣ: addukkel, adeklaẓri, amdukkel, ameddakel, asdukkel, asedkalan, ddukkel, imesdukkel, sdukkel, tadeklaẓri, tadukli, tasdukla, tasedkalt, tiddukla, tidikelt, ttwasdukkel.
Aɣbalu: Amawal n Tmaziɣt Tatrart - Lexique du berbère moderne (Tiddukla Aẓar, Bgayet 1990).
Aql-iken deg - Vous êtes dans - Ustedes están en - أنتم في
Asegzawal n Tmaziɣt - Dictionnaire Amazigh - Français - Diccionario Amazigh - Español - قاموس أمازيغي - عربي
(c) Omar Mouffok - Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen.