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Camil Basayib
Camil Selmanuvič Basayib ( s trusit : ШaMилb CaлMaHoBич БacaeB), ilul deg 14 yennayer 1965 deg Tsa-Bidinu , deg tmurt n Cican yettwanebḍen sɣur Rrus , yemmut deg 10 yulyu 2006 deg Inguci , yella d anemhal n terbaɛt yettnaɣen i tmunnent n Cican , yexdem aṭas n teṭagin tirebrabin .
Tudert n temẓiẒreg
Ilul-d uqcic Camil Selmanuvič Basayeb deg tmurt n Cican i temhel Rusya , mi akken ulac tagrawla deg 14 yennayer 1965 , yedder-d am yigerdan-nniḍen , s tɣelnawt tasubyitit-tarusit , yekfa-d ulmud-is deg tsenawit deg useggas n 1982 , yexdem deg yiserdasen n tiddukla tasubyitit . Mi d-yeffeɣ seg-s yefteḥ tasɣunt i deg yesnuzuy isekimen deg Musku deg useggas n 1988 , ulac d acu i t-ixuṣṣen imiren akken i yedder ula d ardekal ɣelluy d ufraq n tiddukla tasubyitit d tlalit n Rusya . Deg tallit-nni yella Buris Elčin i ynebḍen tamurt , ihi llan wid iɛerḍen ad t-as-ksen anbaḍ n tmurt . Dɣa imiren yeǧǧa Camil axeddim-is iɛedda ad iḥudd aselway n Rusya s akk tezmert-is imi yettwali iman-is d amdan arusi ilaq ad iḥudd ɣef tmurt-is s akk ayen i yezmer .
Abeddel n tudert-is .Ẓreg
Mi akken yekfa imenɣi ɣef Rrus i yeqqimen i yumayen kan . Yegmen ad yuɣal ɣer tudert n zik-nni , maca yesla i tiɣri n yiwen n urgaz acicani qqaren-as Jawhar Dudayib , yefka timunent i tmurt n Cican akken akk xedment tagdudatin nniḍen yellan tekkant ɣer tiddukla tasubyitit , yerra Cican d tamurt s yiman-is . Maca irusiyen ugin aya ceyyɛen timacinin d tmesrefgin-nsen ɣer Cican yekker imirren Nnfaq acicani amezzwaru . Imiren iserdasen n Rusya sxedmen yiwet akken n tḥila qqaren-as ( tamurt yerɣan ) , bdan sserɣayen yal adeg ara d-kecmen .
Imenɣi acicani amezzwaruẒreg
Cwiṭ cwiṭ yebda Camil yettḥulfu belli Rusya ur telli ara d tamurt-is ihi yerra deg wallaɣ-is tikti n nnfaq ɣef tmunent n tmura tinselmin , yeǧǧa Musku , yerra ɣer tmurt n Ṭajikstan deg useggas n 1991 , deg-s i yessen aɣella Ibn-Xettab d yimesnaɣen iɣriben id-yusan seg Afɣanistan i yimenɣi deg Tajikstan , syin yerra ɣer Azerbijan d yimesnaɣen iɣriben agi dɣa , akken ad nnaɣen d yiserdasen n tmurt n Arminya deg Nagurnu karabax , syin deg useggas n 1993 yunag ɣer Abxazya i yesɛan amur ameqqran n yimezdaɣ-is d inselmen tella tettnaɣ ɣef snat n lǧihat tin n ugafa d Rusya , d tin n unẓul d Ǧurǧya . Deg useggas id-iteddun , deg 1994 yekker yimenɣi acicani amezzwaru , dɣa imiren i unagen ɣur-s yimsenɣiyen iɣriben i yellan niqal deg Afɣanistan , snen amek ggan yiserdasen n Rrus dɣa bdan amennuɣ deg Cican s ddaw n tmehla n Basayib . Basayib imi d aserdas arusi aqbur yexdemen deg Cican yessen anda i tilin yiserdasen irusiyen , imesnaɣen iɣriben snen amek ggan yirusiyen d wamk zemren ad ten-seɣlin dɣa imiren bdan tinṭagin-nsn id-yessufuɣen ugar n twines n wid yemmuten d wugar n, 15 n tmacinin yerɣan . Bdan tdukulen d yiserdasen n Jawhar DUdqyib yesɛqn iserdqsen unṣiben . tirbaɛ n Basayib d Ibn-xettab xeddment tinṭagin , iserdasen n Dudayib ttḥuddun ɣef Cican mi ara d-awḍen lɛesker ɣur-sen . Dɣa imiren i yeqqel Basayib d anembaḍ n trebaɛ n uzbu ineslem . Iserdasen irusiyen mi ten-wḍen yisallen sṭerḍqen axxam n basayib , dɣa temmut dinna tmeṭṭut-is d gma-s d weltma-s d 7 n warraw n weltma-s , imiren yegmen ad d-yerr ttaṛ s tirrin n umenɣi ɣer wul n Rusya .
Imi mmuten wazal n 100000 n yicicaniyen deg nnfaq-agi , ur yemmut ḥedd seg yirusiyen anagar iserdasen , yegmen ad yeṣṣaweḍ tiɣri ɣer wul n Rrus ( akken id-yenna netta ) , ladɣa imi Rusya ur tettak ara azal meqqren i wid i as-yemmuten seg yiserdasen-is imi tesɛa aṭas macci akka am tmura n umalu . Yuwi deg tkamyunin yettawin tagellla 35 n yimesnaɣen d waṭas n leslaḥ d rṣas , mebla ma ẓran s anda rren , yebɣa kan ad asen-d-isaweḍ taqriḥt ɣur-sen , deg ubrid-is yerna-d imesnaɣen armi wḍen 154 . Zegren tilisa wḍen ɣer temdint n Budyunubisk deg Rusya , rran ɣer usegnaf n yiserdasen n Budyunubisk ideg llan 1600 n yiserdasen gar-asen imejjayen iɛeskriyen d yiɣallen , d widak i teḥwaǧ Rusya , Dɣa deg snat n swayeɛ seg wass n 14 yunyu 1995 ḥerṣen asegnaf-nni , ceyyɛen-d yirusiyen iserdasen-nsen akken ad d-awin akk iɣallen d yimejjayen-nni maca tirbaɛ n Camil ugin-t , dɣa terra tmara Buris Elčin ad yeḥbes imenɣi deg Cican , mi yeffeɣ camil d terbaɛt-is seg usegnaf yuwi yid-s akk iserdasen yid-s ɣer cican . Yebda amsefhem d Rrus .
Qabel , deg 1996 , mi d-ḍra tnegluft n Bruzni , itekka Basayib d Ibn al-Xettab deg yimenɣi akked 10000 n yiserdasen id-ǧǧa Rusya deg bruzni tamanaɣt n Cican , dɣa imiren i yekkfa nnfaq acicani amenzu s tuffɣa n Rrus deg ɣuct 1996 , imioren i bdan amsefhem d rrus , tuwi-d cican timunent-is deg 1997 maca armi d 1999 mi d-yuweḍ uselway amaynut Bladimir Butin , i d-yerran iserdasen ɣer Cican imi teṭṭerḍeq lbumba gar yiserdasen irusiyen yexdmen tanṭagt deg cican ,
Imenɣi acicani wis sin d lmut-isẒreg
Mi yekker nnfaq acicani wis sin terɣa akk Cican s lbumbat n Rrus , aṭas i yemmuten , tuddar akk negrent , ixxamen akk rɣan , iserdasen n Rrus gemnen ad nɣen yal aɣella itekkan deg itekkan deg ṭṭrad amenzu ɣer tama tacicanit . Yemmut Jwahar Dudayib s lbumba deg 1996 , yettwanɣa Ibn al-Xettab s ssem deg 2002 , yettwaṭerdeq wadeg ideg yella uselway acicani n yimiren Salim Xan Dɣa yemmut deg 2004 , yeggra-d kan Basayib , i d-nnan fella-s yemmut seddis n yiberdan , yal abrid yettefeɣ-d yeqqar-d d tikerkas aya , armi qrib i derwecen yirusiyen , fkan araz n wazal n 10 000 000 $ ( 10 n yimelyan dullar ) i win ara t-yeṭṭfen . Ɛerḍen ad tenɣen acḥal d abrid ula d aḍar-is yegzem imiren . Deg 2006 , yiwen n urgaz i yxedɛen Camil Basayib , yefka-as-d tasunayt yeččuren d leslaḥ mi iɛedda ad t-id yeddem , teṭṭerḍeq lbumba i t-yenɣan . Ardekal lmut-is terra Rusya Ḥmed qadirub lmufti n Cican , syin mmi*-s Remḍan Qadirub d iselwayen ɣef Cican


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Aṛekka
Aṛekka neɣ Aṛak (Assaɣ ussnan: Vulpes rueppellii) d yiwet n telmest n iburaɣ yeṭṭafaren tawacult n taydiyyin, yettidir deg Tefrikt n ugafa d usamar alemmas. Talmest-a tettidir gar n 6 ar 7 n iseggasen.
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Teɣzi n tfekka n uṛekka gar n 40 ar 50 cm. Yettazen 1,7 kg ma d tiddi-ynes ar tuyat 25 cm ɣef wanecta aṛekka iga d aɣersiw meẓẓiyen yakk deg twacult-is "taydiyyin", Aṛekka meẓẓiy uma ɣef warraɣ maca meqqer s amacemma ɣef yiɣecter.
Tudert d umyaraw[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Iṛekka ttidiren d tayuga neɣ d tagrawt deg kra n tama meẓẓiyen, ma d addaden n umercel-nsen ar tura ur ttwassnen mya amdan-nsen deg uzɣar (lexla) ur tettwassen ara ɣef wanect-a Umuɣ azeggaɣ n telmas yettwaggzen ur t-ittessismil ara deg kra n waddad abadu acku ulac aṭas n isalan fell-as maca llan kra isnudranen id yeqqaren d akken aṛekka d talmest ur tettwaggez

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Tafelsaft
Awal tafelseft yusa-d si tegrigit phylosophia φιλoσoφίa philosophía yesɛan anamek “tayri n tussna” neɣ “tayri n tmussni”. Awal “tadyaliktit” (dialektikê, s tegrigit) d aḥric deg tfelseft i yellan seg zzman aqdim ; tin ɣur-s, wwin-d fell-as awal yimussnawen imeqqranen n umaḍal, am Socrate, Platon, Hegel, Marx, atg. Sqedcen awal-a “tadyaliktit”, ɣas akken yal yiwen seg-sen yefka-yas anamek amaynut.
Ɣas akken ulac wi d-yuran kra n udlis s tmaziɣt (s umata) ɣef tfelseft s umata, neɣ ɣef tedyaliktit, cukkeɣ timetti taqbaylit tla taktiwin tigejdanin i yellan deg tedyaliktit. Deg teqbaylit, awal “tamussni” yesɛa aṭas n yinumak.
1. Anamek n “Kkseɣ tamussni d X”, meḥsub : “Ssneɣ-t” ;
2. Maca “tamussni” i d-yefkan awl-nniḍen “amussnaw” d ayen-nniḍen. Deg unamek wis sin, “tamussni” d agraw n taktiwin, n wazalen, …deg tmetti n Leqbayel. Yusef Uqasi yenna-d deg wawal-is “uma sriɣ-as i tmussni i yi-d-trennu d aɣilif” Anamek n “tmussni” da, mačči d axaleḍ neɣ aɛacer n yimdanen, d ameyyez ɣef tlufa yerzan imdanen akked trebbaɛ n yimdanen. Tin ɣur-s, Lmulud at Mɛemmer deg tezwert n udlis-s Isefra iqdimen n Tmurt n Leqbayel, yessegza-d d acu i d “tamussni”.
Tamiḍrant-a (acku mačči d awal kan) tettmeslay-d ɣef tmeṭṭi taqbaylit taqburt akked wazalen-is (valeurs) ; tettawi-d awal ɣef wamek tebna tmetti, seg tama n uxemmem akked umeyyez. Yenna-d dakken llan 3 n lesnaf n yirgazen i yuɣen 3 n yiswiren yembabben wa nnig wayeḍ ; seg uksar d asawen, ad naf :
1. argaz lɛali ;
2. Argaz ;
3. Amussnaw.
–Argaz lɛali (am tmeṭṭut lɛali) d win yessnen d acu ara d-yini di yal tagnit, i yessnen d acu ara yeg di yal tagnit. Ayen akken ara d-yini (tini), ayen akken ara yeg (teg) d timsirin i lemmden yimdanen deg tmetti ; wa yesselmad-it i wa. Axemmem deg-s ulac, neɣ yuqa.
–Argaz (wissen ma tella Tmeṭṭut) : Argaz, mačči d argaz lɛali kan ; d argaz lɛali ternuḍ-as kra-nniḍen. Argaz yessen akkit ayen yessen urgaz lɛali, maca yesɛa ayen-nniḍen, yesɛa nnif. Nnif, s unamek-is lqayen, mačči d anzaren ; d asnulfu n wawal ur yezmir ara urgaz lɛali ad d-it-yini ; d aqabel s wudem amaynut n tegnit i wumi ur yezmir ara urgaz lɛali. Ihi Argaz d win yettxemmimen, yettmeyyizen i tegnatin timaynutin, rnu yessen d acu ara d-yini, neɣ d acu ara yeg deg tegnatin-a ur d-neḍri werǧin.
–Amussnaw yufrar ɣef Argaz, acku tawuri-ines deg tmetti d axemmem, d ameyyez, d asnulfu n wawal amaynut, n taktiwin akked tikliwin timaynutin. Amussnaw d “bab n tmussni” ; tamussni n umussnaw hrawet, lqayet. Yessen akkit ayen ssnen medden, am wayen yerzan aḥric n tfellaḥt (imi Leqbayel d ifellaḥen), ayen yerzan tignewt, ayen yerzan awatay (caledrier), ayen yerzan taɛrfit (droit coutumier), maca ayen yessen ugar n wiyaḍ d aḥeddad n wawal ; “aḥedded n wawal” mačči afyit neɣ d asefru. Deg wawal n “bab n tmussni” ad tafeḍ tamsirt ɣef tikli di tmetti, ad tafeḍ tifrat i wugur, ad tafeḍ rray ara yaɣ umdan, …
Ihi mi ara negzi anamek i (d)as-fkan yimawlan-nneɣ i wawal “tamussni”, ad naf ur yemgarad ara d wawal n tegrigit philosophia “une discipline existant depuis l’Antiquité et développant un questionnement et une réflexion sur le monde et l’existence humaine. Considérée comme une science humaine, elle propose des théories et construit des concepts pour éclaircir des problèmes relatifs à la nature, à la culture, à la science, à la morale, à la politique ou encore au sujet humain, à son langage et à ses valeurs. », Wikipedia (http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portai...)
Nesḥassef aṭas imi ur urin ara lejdud-nneɣ ɣef tmussni, wala ɣef wayen-nniḍen. Maca deg wayen i d-qqaren, deg wayen ttgen yal ass, deg wayen ttxemmimen, ulac ccekk, tella deg-s tmussni, riɣ ad d-iniɣ tifeslseft. Imassanen Ifransisen izerwen timetti n Leqbayel, yecban Hanoteau & Letourneux, neɣ P. Bourdieu seknen-d tafelsuft-a. Ɣef lebni n tmetti n tmurt n Leqbaye(n zik), ad naf tezga tebded ɣef snat n « tɣawsiwin » yettidiren akken (lwaḥid) maca zgant mgaradent, ttemnamarent ; seg iweksar d asawen, ad d-nebder : axxam (lḥara) n wadda/axxam (lḥara) ufella ; deg yiwet n taddart, ad naf taxlijt n wadda/taxlijt ufella ; deg yiwen n lɛerc, ad naf, di tegti, sin n yimuren yemgaraden ; nnig lɛerc, ad naf taqbilt neɣ ssef, yeqqim-d deg wawal, deg umezruy : ssef n wadda/ssef ufella. Aya yella deg tallit uqbel ad taɣ Fransa tamurt-nneɣ.
Qqimen-d daɣen wawalen-nniḍen yerzan tuddsa tanmettit (organisation sociale) : tamurt n wadda/Tamurt ufella (1). Sin n wawalen i tessettu Fransa i Leqbayel n wass-a d wid n yiḍelli, armi uɣalen seqdacen tura kra n wawalen ur nesɛi akkit assaɣ d yidles-nneɣ : “Grande Kabylie” “Petite Kabylie”(2).
Ma nger tamawt, ad naf, tamezwarut, awalen-a “wadda” akked “ufella” ur rzin ara laɛli n wadeg, acku lemmer d aya tili “tamurt n Ǧerǧer” ur (d)semman ara tamurt n wadda (!). Aredqal ad d-nuɣal ɣer usegzi neɣ asnimek n wawalen (adda akked afella).
Tin ɣur-s, ma nra ad neɣz nezzeh deg temsalt-a, ad naf daɣen ssenf-nniḍen n “tɣawsiwin” (yettidiren lwaḥid, maca ttemnamarent ssbeḥ meddi). Tiɣawsiwin-a d IRGAZEN akked TLAWIN. Aya yessegzi-ti-d mliḥ Pierre Bourdieu deg yidlisen-is. Snat n trebbaɛ-a n yimdanen i yettidiren lwaḥid deg deg yiwen n wadeg, i yettmeslayen yiwet n tmeslayt, i yesɛan yiwen n yidles, di tilawt, ttemnamarent, mgaradent am yigenni akked lqaɛa. Ihi d sin n « yimaḍalen » yemxalafen. Da daɣen amgired yellan gar sin n « yimaḍalen »-a lqay nezzeh : ur mgaradent ara kan deg wayen i (d)-asen-yefka ugama, mgaradent ula deg rray, deg taktiwin akked tmuɣliwin, deg tikli di tmetti, deg yiḥulfan, deg yizerfan, deg waɣanen, atg. Maca ... Maca d aya i d iswi n tedyaliktit : d askasi ɣef temsalt-a n « snat n tɣawsiwin yettemnamaren », ɣas akken lwaḥid i ttidirent, meḥsub tezdi-tent tmetti d wayen i tla tmetti : tutlayt, idles, … Am waken i d-nniɣ iwsawen, aṭas n yimussnawen i yesqedcen tadyalikt, gar-asen Socrate, Platon, Aristote, Hegel, Marx, … D acu kan yal wa acu n unamek i (d)as-yefka : “snat n tɣawsiwin-nni” yettemnamaren ur ɛdilent ara, yal amussnaw acu iɣef yessebded awal-is. “Chez Platon, la dialectique est ainsi une science ou un genre de connaissance6 qui repose sur la confrontation de plusieurs positions de manière à dépasser l’opinion (doxa) en vue de parvenir à un véritable savoir (ou à la vérité). Il s’agit donc d’un moyen de s’élever du monde des apparences (ou du "sensible") vers la connaissance intellectuelle (ou "l’intelligible"), jusqu’aux concepts les plus généraux, jusqu’aux principes premiers (voir La République, livres VI et VII). », in http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialec...
Ɣur Karl Marx, anelmad n Hegel, snat n tɣawsiwin-a d « les classes sociales », meḥsub « la bourgeoisie » « la prolétariat ». D amennuɣ gar « les classes » i d amseddu (moteur) agensas n tmetti.
Tadyaliktit d tarrayt n umeslay, n uẓeɣẓen (raisonnement) gar sin n yimdanen (neɣ : snat trebbaɛ) ; s umata deg-s 3 n tizza : 1. Tiẓriⵔⵉ (ⵜthèse) ; 2. Tamegliẓri (antithèse) ; 3. Tasemlilt (synthèse). Ad d-yefk yiwen tiẓri (rray neɣ tamuɣli), ad yekker wis 2 ad as-d-yerr, ad d-yefk tanemgliẓri (tamuɣli tis 2 ara ixalfen tamuɣli tamezwarut). S umeslay, s uẓeɣẓen, s usqerdec ad uɣalen ad msefhamen, ad mwafaqen, taggara ad siwḍen ad d-teɣli talwit, ad as-d-afen tifrat ; d tifrat-a, yiwen n wass ad tuɣal d tasemlilt (synthèse). Asmi ara iɛeddi wi iɛeddan, tasemlilt-nni ad tuɣal d “la these-nniḍen”, atg.
Tiẓri[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tura ad d-nuɣal-d ɣer tmetti taqbaylit, ad nwali acu n « tɣawsiwin-a yettemnamaren». Wwiɣ-d yagi awal ɣef tuddsa tanmettit n Tmurt n Leqbayel, seg uxxam alamma d ssef neɣ, ugar, alamma d sin n yimuren n Tmurt (tamurt ufella tamurt n wadda). Rniɣ nniɣ-d belli afella (w)adda ur yerzi ara laɛli neɣ lqedd n tɣawsiwin , riɣ ad d-iniɣ mi ara d-yini yiwen Tamurt n wadda Tamurt ufella, aya ur yerzi ara “l’altitude” (laɛḷi n wadeg), lemmer akken tili d Tamurt n Ǧerǧer iwumi semman “Tamurt ufella”. D acu i d-ttnamaken ihi wawalen afella adda ?
Turda-inu, nekki, awalen-a qqnen s amezruy, ɣer lasel akked rray/udabu. D win yuɣen d amezwaru kra n wadeg i yettaɣen tama ufella ; dɣa win i d-yerzan mbeɛd amezwaru, yettaɣ tama n wadda, acku ma ur t-yeqbil ara umezwaru-nni, ma ur yeqbil ara ad yezdeɣ ɣer tama-s, ur yettili ara. Tin ɣur-s, win i d-yezwaren s amkan yettusemma d anesli (kter n wis 2), acku d bab n wakal , d bab n lasel ; ihi ma yella d netta i d bab n wakal, yettusemma daɣen d bab n rray, meḥsub d bab udabu. Aya yettili deg uɣawas n tiẓri (en théorie), deg tilawt yezmer ad yili wayen-nniḍen.
Iban-awen lḥal, win yuɣen adabu d netta d bab n rray, d netta i d-yessebdaden leqwanen, i ten-yesselḥuyen… Daymi i ttnaɣen medden ɣef udabu, i ttmettaten fell-as. Dɣa tawuri n yimussnawen-nneɣ n zik d ferru n wuguren i d-yettilin gar “tɣawsiwin-a” (ixxamen, iderma, tudrin, leɛrac, …) s wawal ; ma yella ur tt-yefri ara wawal, ad tt-id-yekcem udebbuz.
Mmeslayeɣ-d daɣen ɣef yIRGAZEN akked TLAWIN, nniɣ-d d sin n “yimaḍalen” yemgaraden am yigenni d lqaɛa. Da daɣen d tarbaɛt tamezwarut (IRGAZEN) i yernan tis snat (TILAWIN). Ma neḍfer tadyaliktit-nneɣ, ad d-nini: irgazen uɣen tama ufella, tilawin ṭṭfent tama n wadda.
Tamegliẓri
Init-d kra kunwi d kunemti …neɣ kunemti akked kunwi


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Ageṭṭuf
Aweṭṭuf neɣ Ageṭṭuf (Asuf: Taweṭṭuft, Tageṭṭuft), (Assaɣ ussnan: Formicidae) d tawacult n ibureɣsen timettiyin yeṭṭafaren afelwacul n tweṭṭfawin deg tfesna n tedlafriwin (tafesna i ṭṭafaren yirẓaẓen d tzizwa). Dɣa aweṭṭuf yemhez seg tedfert n yizurẓaẓen deg tallit n talsiseft send n 99 n imelyan n iseggasen sin akin ssugten seld n tufrart n yimɣan yejjujugen. Dɣa yella-d usesmel n ugar n 12.500 n telmas n uweṭṭuf seg wazal n 22.000 n telmas,[1] Akken i tezmer ad tili tukza (aɛqal) ɣef uweṭṭuf s tefrer s tmejjiwin-is yettwaglen d tsuddest n yikerrusen-is i d-yettgin ammas-is usdid.
Aweṭṭuf yettgi-d imcedlen igebren seg imṛawen alamma d imelyan n tweṭfin tinegmarin yettidiren deg yimrujen igamanen yettwasnin s tseddi. Imcedlen-a zemren ad ṭṭfen tajumma meqqren n wakal. Tigelfin timeqqranin gebrent seg twetmin tuggrin (Ur nettaru ara) yerna ur lint ara (ur sɛint ara) afriwen maca gant d tiqeddacin neɣ d tiserdasin neɣ d yal tagrawt niden. Akken illan iwetmen i ufarer n tewtemt neɣ n twetmin tigellidin i wakken ad arwent timellalin i wakken ad seggrent asmad n tgelda deg yimal
Ageṭṭuf atayen (meḥsub) yehres yakk ideggan n umadal, anagar Antraktika d kra n tegzirin tuggigin i d-izgan deg tlemmast n yigarawen. Akken i yettnerni deg yakk inagrawen ireygamanen anda yezmer ad yessileɣ seg 15% alamma d 25% n tkura tasnudrant n yiɣersiwen,[2] Dɣa turna-ines deg twennaṭin yemgaraden yettuɣal ɣer tsuddest-is timettit d tezmert-is deg useɣweṛ n tmezduɣin-is. Teɣzi n temhezdayt-is yakk d kra n telmas niden tegla-as-d s tnefra d umsadar d tijjenṭedt yakk d wassaɣen n usenfu.
Ideggan n tudert[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ageṭṭuf yettidir deg tjumma meqqren deg tegnit. Anda i d-issiliɣ azal n 15% n tkura tasnudrant taɣersawt deg taganin tisbegsanin.
Alamma d useggas n 2006, llant-d 118.444 n telmas n uweṭṭuf yettwassnen, amur ameqran n telmas-a ttidirent deg yideggan iẓeɣlen.
Tasuddest[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Taweṭṭuft tla (tesɛa) 6 n yiṭarren. Anda tella tyuga n yiṭarren deg yal amur seg 3 n yimuren n tfekka-ines. Ma d taɣessa-ines isger seg tenga n ukitin.
Tikeli[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tiwsitin d telmas[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tiwlafin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ẓeṛ daɣen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
]
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Schultz TR (2000). "In search of ant ancestors". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 97 (26): 14028–14029. Bibcode:2000PNAS...9714028S. doi:10.1073/pnas.011513798. PMC 34089. PMID 11106367. Unknown parameter
|Azemz n ufaylu=ignored (help); Unknown parameter
|Akala n ufaylu=ignored (help)


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Le Rifain
Ibelleɛ Sadio Mané x yexf-nnes zegga i yessen belli ilqef-it ubirus n kuruna.
Yusa-dd manaya awarn i tlata n wussan zeggami tenna terfiqt n Liverpool n čamma n uḍar belli Thiago Alcantara ula d netta ilqef-it ubirus.
Tenna terfiqt n Liverpool aqa Sadio Mané banent-idd x-as ttebcayar n kuruna, maca sseḥḥet-nnes aqqa-tt mliḥ.
yirar Sadio Mané (28 n iseggusa) letnayen i yeɛdun di tfust n čamma i di terna terfiqt-nnes s 3-1. Maca wer yirar ca ass n lexmis di tfust i di terna Liverpool s pinaltiyat.
Yenna Mané di leḥsab-nnes di twitter: « Awarn i umi xaf-i dd-rrin, ilqef-ayi nican ubirus n Covid-19. Maca xseɣ a dawem-iniɣ belli aqqa-yi mliḥ, wer din bu ca n lxaṭar ». Yerni Mané yenna di tzemmemt-nnes: « Bac ad tḥawlem x sseḥḥet-nwem d sseḥḥet n wi yellan-nwem, weqqrem iprutukulen n sseḥḥet arendad i ubirus-a ».
Tenna Liverpool deg usit-nnes aqa ad siɣn ttweqqren iprutukulen n sseḥḥet arendad i lehlak n kuruna. Tenna aqa Sadio Mané ad yeqqim yeḥjeb al ɣa yili mliḥ.


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Tifus
Tifus neɣ Tiffis d aṭṭan anamsad yettenṭaṭen txeddem-it-id tbiktirt n Rikettsya yettwassnen s talɣa tussnant s Rickettsia prowazekii, d yiwen gar waṭas n waṭṭanen yettemcabin asrag-is (ssebba-ynes) agejdan d tabiktirt n wekray, dɣa tabiktirt n wekray id igrllun s waṭṭan tga d amuddir ajenṭad yettwasefken fell-as ad tidir s agensu (daxel) n tebnikt yerna ur tezmir ara ad tt-idir s azɣar (beṛṛa) n tfekka i waṭas n wakud, aṭṭan-a yettenfufud deg yideggan yeččuren d ifganen (lɣaci) d yideggan anda ulac tezdeg. Yettenfufud seg wemdan ar wemdan s telkin n tfekka i nettgen, dɣa d amsuji Afrensaw Charles Nicolle i d amezwar yesnarem-d anect-a deg useggas n 1909 ayenn yeǧǧan arraz n Nopel i tesnujjya ad yili d amur-is deg useggas n 1928
Tallit n tezdalt d tin yettaṭṭafen gar n 7 n wussan ar 15 n wussan sin akin ad binen iskanen igan d amaẓla imsullsen (qessiḥen), tawla d ucittaw, iskanen-a ttɣamayen 3 n imalasen (azal n 21 n wussan) sin akin ad yejji umaṭun neɣ ad yukkes (ad immet)
Ɣas akken tifuyid yettemcabi tifus maca gan d aṭṭanen yemgaraden yakk ula deg yisragen-nsen


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Alessandro di Mariano Filipepi, neɣ d Sandro Botticelli "abermil ameẓyan" imek nna s ittwassan uggar, (attayen n. 1445 – May 17, 1510) ikka-t-inn iga yan umekla awṭalyan ikkan tinmel tawflurintint tizwiri n tleslalit ddaw tkessa n Lorenzo de Medici, yan umussu nna mi iga Vassari s yisem ḍart yan yifeḍ useggʷas; "azemz n wureɣ", iddeɣ dig-s ur tcebbir ɣas yat gar tisellit s dat n wakud-nnes. Da ittḥasab umata mas tga twuri-nnes udem n "linear grace" s tettawssan taklut n tleslalit tazaykut.
Ilul-d Botticelli g Flurinsa ammas n yat tserkemt tanmahalt illan aguns n Ognissanti. Izzri g tamẓi-nnes yat tannant (stage) g tedhaybit. Acku ikka-t-inn iga ɣur baba-s amm tiṭṭ-nnes d wuggar, ibedd id-s g uɣtas-nnes yazen-t-inn ɣur Fra Filippo Lippi nna igan amasay ɣef "fresco" n "Convent of the Carmine" (taɣzamt n Carmine) akud-ann. Tasemlilt (synthèse) n Lippi ɣef tenbaḍt tamaynut n talɣiwin "three-dimensional", tananfalit-nnes talewwaɣt iqqnen ɣer wudem-nnes d "gesture" d yifruriten-nnes imesdikuṛiyen d-kkanin tamamekt tagutikt igguran; ayd akkʷ izriren ɣef Botticelli.


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Takfarinas agellid
- ASEFHAM : Ma tettnadiḍ Takfarinas, anaẓur n ccna, ruḥ ar Takfarinas Ḥsen Zermani
Takfarinas neɣ Takfarin yella d aqerru n trad mgal Rruman di tidmi amenzu baɛd talalit n Ɛisa (yemmut deg useggas 24).
Isem-is s tlaṭinit d Tacfarinas (ljenitif Tacfarinatis), anamek-is d "win n Takfarin" wissen yella Takfarin (neɣ Tikfarin) d isem n teddart ansi d-yekka.
Takfarinas yella d aserdas aqbur n lɛasker n Rruman. Yessemlal-d kra iserdasen yid-es, u ffɣen-d si lɛasker n Rruman, anda ruḥen ad nnaɣen mgal ugellid n Muritanya Yuba II, i ḥesben ixeddem ilmend Rruman, u d wigi i t-yesulin ar udabu n tgelda n Tmazɣa.
Mi ɛeddan 7 iseggasen n trad, yuɣal yenɣa-t lkunsul n Rruman di Tmazɣa Dolabella.
Iɣbula[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Tacitus, Annales, II–IV


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Timezmleft
Timezmleft neɣ Ihiẓaw neɣ Tamuzbuzt (Assaɣ ussnan: Serinus serinus) d talmest n iylalen meẓẓiyen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tbenferriwin. Timizrmleft d talmest yellan s waṭas deg Uruppa ula di tmurt n Iqbayliyen maca mači s tuget am Uruppa. Dɣa talmest-a d tin id yettilin i temzemleft tawraɣt
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Timezmleft d agmam meẓẓiyen yakk deg twacult n tbenferriwin (gar n telmas timezdiyin yakk) acku tiddi-ynes d tin yettawṭen ar 11,5 cm
Sufel n wanect-a. Tafekka n wegṭiṭ-a d tin igan d tamezdayt (tamdewrant) d uqamum-is meẓẓiyen
Awtem d win ilan aqerru d awraɣ. D yidmaren Malén ad tizzegzut yakk d timɣilt (tameccact ar iylalen). Imuyag-is d adalen (azegza am uzemmur). Azagur-is d wafriwen-is d izunɣiden malen ar tizzegzut
Tawtemt d tin id s-yettemcabin acemma maca initen-is msullsen (qessiḥ-it) cwiya


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Dimanche 5 septembre 2021
Ṭṭelba n kalachnikov akked… inelmaden n twizi di tmurt-nnaɣ !
Afghanistan 1998 : D tikkelt tamezwarut deg umaḍal i ṭṭfen tamurt ṭṭelba n tinneslemt (Talibans), kecmen tamaneɣt n Kaboul s ibeckiḍen, srewlen adabu n tinneslemt am nitni, hudden tamurt s imennuɣen gar-asen. Zrin 23 iseggasen, ass-a uɣalen-d ad hudden ayen d-iqqimen ibedd.
Amek, aɣerbaz n tinneslemt (tazawit/zawiyya) yessaweḍ ad yanef seg ubrid n tmussni, akken ad d-islal lkazirna s yelmeẓyen-nni, d iserdasen s wuzzal n ṭṭrad, i ṭṭrad ?
Nefka tiṭ ɣer tmurt n Afɣanistan, ɣer yal amussu n tinneslemt, d tuttra akken ad nefhem ayen iḍerrun ass-a di tmurt n Lezzayer.
Tamsalt n ‘’ṭṭelba n ṭṭrad’’, mačči d ayen d-inulfan di tmurt n Afɣanistan.
D ayen d-iffɣen seg yidles n tbedwit n tinneslemt. Di tmurt-nnaɣ llant zik tzawitin deg tebḍa tzawit ɣef sin : ṭṭelba n telwaḥt (wid ilemmden tinneslemt), akked ‘’ṭṭelba n udebbuz’’, wid ibedden d tazmert, zun d iserdasen, ttakren imdanen, neqqen, sserɣayen tuddar berra n tlisa n wanda tella tzawit-nni !
Iqqim-d ass-a wawal n ‘’ṭṭelba udebbuz’’, maca ur ittwassen unamek-is.
Tidett, di tinneslemt, ulac talast gar uɣerbaz (tasnawit, tasdawit n wass-a) akked lkazirna. Di tmurt n udrar, tazawit tella tbedd d lkazirna n teqbilt/n tewsimt, akken ur teddukul akked tewsimin nniḍen, akken taggara ad iqqim ṭṭrad ur iferru (état de guerre permanent entre tribus). D win i yellan d afrag akken ur ddukulent tewsimin, ur teddukul tmurt akken ad ibnu uwanek/état.
Imezwura-nnaɣ di tmurt n Leqbayel fehmen-tt twaɣit-nni, taggara snegren tizawitin-nni n ccwal ur nferru, hudden-tent armi d aẓru aneggaru. Taneggarut deg At Mimun (At Iraten).
Ass-a, d idles-nni n ccwal ur nferru i iteddun di yal tamurt anda yekker umussu n taârabt-tinneslemt, mgal awanek neɣ gar-asen.
Amkan n tmussni mačči d tala n ṭṭrad gar yemdanen, gar tewsimin, gar tmura.
Anekcum n ‘’ṭṭelba udebbuz’’ (Talibans) ɣer Kaboul, issaweḍ-aɣ ɣer umgared/différence ameqqran i yellan gar-as d umussu n Tefsut 1980, deg usalu n yidles amaziɣ. 1980 injer-d asalu deg ubrid n talwit akken ad ters lehna, ad bedden izerfan di tmurt, ad ikkes wanzel akked ccwal n ‘’ṭṭelba udebbuz’’.
Mi teddun ‘’ṭṭelba udebbuz’’ akken ad kecmen ɣer Kaboul, inelmaden n tmurt n Lezzayer llan ssexsayen s ifassen-nsen times/afu yekkren di yal amkan n tmurt n Leqbayel. Ass-a, inelmaden-nni kkren d tiwizi tameqqrant di yal amkan, di tmurt neɣ berra n tmurt, ad d-ssisen ddwa i wid yerɣan, tabzert n tedrimt i wid yettwaɣen, afras n tuddar, aseggem n yexxamen akked tferkiwin yerɣan.
Ur illi d abrid n ccwal akked uhuddu n yal amussu n taârabt-tinneslemt. Amgared-nni, d ayen illan gar igenni akked tmurt.
D abrid-nni n twizi n bennu n tmurt i yessefk ad t-aɣen wid yeṭṭfen ass-a adabu di Lezzayer akken tazwara ad ṭfen wid yessekren times i tmurt, ad ldin tibbura n leḥbas i wid i ṭṭfen ɣef wulac, ɣef tikta-nsen d tira-nsen, akken ad gren afus i bennu n Lezzayer tamaynut, Lezzayer n izerfan mačči n yimserɣen.
Ma yella d adabu azzayri s tidett i yellan di Lezzayer tamaneɣt !
D tin i d tuttra tamezwarut ass-a.


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Addal
Addal d tagrumma n iluɣma n tasengama. Illa waddal amazday (n ujmu) neɣ win izmer ad yurar yiwen kan n wemdan.
Aṭas n leṣnaf n waddal i yellan, ad nader gar-asen kra ger wid iḥemlen leqbayel : Takurt uḍar, Takurt ufus, Ukkim (Boxe), Accaf (Natation), Judu, Karati, atg.
Kra n waddalenẒreg
TatlititẒreg
- Aneggez Aɣezfan
- Aneggez Akriḍan
- Aneggez s Tɣanimt
- Aneggez Aɛlayan
- Azelli n Tefḍist (aḍegger n tefḍist)
- Azelli n Uḍebsi (aḍegger n uḍebsi)
- Azelli n Wextuc (aḍegger n wextuc)
- Timsizzelt Taruradt
- Timsizzelt n Umeccaq Alemmas
- Timsizzelt n Umeccaq Aɣezfan
- Timsizzelt n Tikli
- Timsizzelt n Yifergan
- Timsizzelt n Umedwel
- Timsizzelt n Wunjugen
- Timsizzelt n Ugama
- Amaraṭun
Addalen nniḍenẒreg
- Ahareg (gymnastique)
- Tuccḍa ɣef Wegris
- Taleggimt
- Imenɣi s Tkuba
- Ajudo
- Tabillant


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Paragway
Paragway d tamurt tamecṭuḥt ay d-yezgan deg tlemmast n Temrikt n Wenẓul. Tajumma-nnes 406.752 km2 (yikilumitren imkuẓen). Zedɣen-tt 6.349.000 n yimezdaɣen (Iparagwayen).
TarakaltẒreg
Tamurt-a ur tesɛi ilel. Seg utaram (lɣerb) tḥudd-itt-id Bolivia, seg ugafa (nord) ed wegmuḍ (ccerq), tḥudd-itt-id Brizil. Seg wenẓul, tḥudd-itt-id Terjentint. Anezwi (climat) n tmurt-a d agrawi (humide) deg wegmuḍ yerna d akiwan deg utaram.
Kabelschälanlage Schrottpresse Autopresse Kabelgranulieranlage Alligatorschere Recyclingmaschine Kabelschälanlage
Tutlayin n ParagwayẒreg
Deg Paragway, medden ssawalen, s umata, taspenyulit ed teguaranit. Taneggarut-a d iles n Yihendiyen ineṣliyen n tmurt. Amur ameqran seg yimezdaɣen n Paraguay d Ikaṭuliken.
Amzeruy n ParaguayẒreg
Deg 1537, Aspenyuli Juan de Salazar yessebded tamdint n Asuncion (tamaneɣt n tmurt). Sakkin, Paraguay teqqel d tahrest (colonie) taspenyulit arma ay d asmi tuwey azarug-nnes (indépendance) deg 1811.
Gar 1865 ed 1870, yenker wemgaru gar Paraguay akked tmura n Temsisit n Kraḍ (Triple Alliance - Brazil, Tarjentint ed Urugway). Deg wemgaru-nni, Paraguay tesṛuḥ aṭas n wakal ed yergazen. Maca tessaweḍ ad d-tḥelli tama n Chaco asmi ay tga amgaru akked Bolivia.


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Aggur:Tiwisi
Tasna n twisi
Ɣ umzwaru
Brrk-at ɣ tasna n tiwisi n Wikipidya s taclḥit, ɣid aɣ rad taft kraygat tɣawsa trit att tssnt iɣ trit ad tkcmt s Wikipidya taclḥit ad gis ttarat imgradn d ad tawst f tasanayt ad imqqurn. Ɣid aɣ ittili kullu mad izdin d tiwisi, rad gis taft mamnk ad ttarat imgradn, mamnk ad tn tsnflt, ad tn tsnulfut ...
Mac qbl ad akk tskrt yat ɣ ammas n Wikipidya taclhit iqqand ad zwar dark yili asmras ɣ ammas n Wikipidya. Iɣ ur t teṭṭaft nɣd ijla y-ak walli tn dark ikkan tzḍart ad skrt yan (win ljdid).
Tawlaft n ɣassa
Izdayn ifulkin n twisi
Imgrad mqqurnin n twisi
Taggayyin n twisi
Agemmay n Tmaziɣt
Agmmay amaziɣ alatin nɣd Agmmay alatin n tmaziɣt nɣd akk Tamɛmmrit iga yan ugmmay alatini ittiwskar fad ad sis nttara tutlayin timaziɣin n ugafa zund taclḥit, tarifit, taqbaylit d tacawit d wiyyaḍ zeɣ isggwasn 1840 Agemmay Amaziɣ Alatin iṭṭaf 23 iskkiln Ilatiniyen d 10 isekkilen yaḍn.
Yiwid agmmay ad ism n Tamɛmmrit, tajmilt i Mulud Mɛemmri, nttan atn iɛdln.
Awsat g Wikipidya
- Tram ad tdrum? Ɣṛat ilugann d taratin, tḍfṛm aylli illan ɣ tasniwin n Tiwizi. Ur d iqqan uzmmem mac ittuwṣṣa sis
- Awsat ɣ tirra n imgradn n Wikipidya s tutlayt Taclḥit af ad yimɣur uggar.
- Iɣ tsɣawsat s tiwisi ɣ tirra n imnnitn, tẓḍaṛt ad nn taggʷt ɣ Tasna n Tiwisi.


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Asqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa
Awal n Mass Si Lḥacmi Ɛeṣṣad, amaray amatu n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa www.hcamazighite.dz
Adeg n lantirnat n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa yuɣal-d s tlaba tamaynut, yemmugen s yini azeggaɣ d uzegzaw.Udem-a umḍin amaynut n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa, yebna tasetratijit-is tamaynut ɣef teywalt ibedden ɣef usezwer n wayen yellan d amahil asdawan, amahil n unnar, amahil yerzan aɣlan d ticcurka akked tsudwin d tmetti taɣarimt.
Tasudut-nneɣ i yegman ilmend n tmuɣli-s tabragmatit irekden, attan tjerred aɣawas-is amaynut n umahil i useggas 2020, ideg yettunefk wazal i umahil yebnan ɣef umyawas akked meṛṛa uccriken isudwanen i yerza ukaram n Timmuzɣa, agmar d tesleḍt n yisefka akked tigawt s usuddes n temliliyin tibidagujiyin d temliliyin tussnanin i lfayda n yimnadiyen-isdawanen, iselmaden, ineɣmasen, inelmaden,…
Aɣawas-nneɣ n umahil d amesbaɣur, nqeddec s waṭas akken ad nessuget iberdan n umyawas d umbaddel akked wucriken isdawanen n uɣlan d yibeṛṛaniyen.
Imir-a, aqlaɣ nqeddec ad nrafeq akken iwulem ahil n yirmad uzzigen n Tesqamut n Tmaziɣt i yersen ddaw n leɛnaya n Tkadimit Tafriqit n Tutlayin. Aya akk mačči d tagnit akken ad tettwajerred Tmaziɣt i tikkelt tamezwarut deg umahil n tsudwin tifriqiyin n unadi ussanan ?
Tasetratijit n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa tebna ɣef uzuzer n Tmaziɣt deg meṛṛa akal n uɣlan. Iswi n umahil-is d aṛessi n wudem aɣelnaw n Tmaziɣt s uselmed-is deg meṛṛa timnaḍin n tmurt ladɣa tid ur nelli ara d timazɣawalin, s wakka ad yettwargel ubrid i wid yebɣan ad tt-ǧǧen d tameslayt ikemnen di kra n temnaḍin yembaɛaden ɣas ma nettat di tilawt d tutlayt tayemmat n yimelyan n yizzayriyen. D ta i d taɛkemt i neddem nekni s leqdic akked tmuɣli ɣer zdat !
Asqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa, yebɣa ad yili d lḥila neɣ d akufi n yisefka ara yennaɣen mgal amihi n nnger i yettḥazen kra n tsenfal n tutlayt n Tmaziɣt, rnu ɣur-s asekfel n Timmuzɣa n Lezzayer gar wazalen-is yeggten. Ilmend n waya, seg useggas n 2014, Asqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa yerna-d yiwen n uḥric n leqdic d axaṭṭar i ijerred deg uɣawas-is awetyan n umahil, aḥric-a n leqdic d
« Tuffɣiwin n tezrawt deg unnar ». Tizrawin-a rzant ladɣa Amawal, tasmidegt d tsekla timawit. S wakka, nexdem aṭas n tsestanin deg Waṭlas Ablidi, Busemɣun, Clef, Tlemsan, Suq Hras, Ǧanat, Taɣit, Beccar,…Iswi n tuffɣiwin-a i nxeddem deg unnar, mebɣir asḥulfu n yimezdaɣ n temnaḍin-a, d asuddes n ukufi n yisefka ara yuɣalen d aɣbalu i kra n leqdic yerzan taɣult n tseknawalt.
Deg Usqamu Unnig n Tmmuzɣa, yella-d umtafaq ɣef tixuṭṭert n usileɣ i wid iqeddcen deg unnar n Tmaziɣt, acku asileɣ d yiwen n ttawil n taywalt daɣen n umahil. Dɣa, ahil n yirmad n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa yebna tigawt-is ɣef usileɣ yerzan ukuẓ n tegruma n yimdanen : Iselmaden, wid yettmetilen amussu aduklan, wid yesɛan isenfaren yerzan tigemmi timawit rnu ɣur-sen ineɣmasen yesseqdacen Tamaziɣt. S wakka, yellan-d uzuzer n umawal asnirman d umiḍran i iḥuzan aṭas n taɣulin n yirmad ladɣa tussniwin, tasertit, tadamsa, taẓuri, addal, atg.
Imahilen-nniḍen n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa rzan asisen n umezruy s usuddes imezgi n temliliyin i d-yettawin yal tikkelt ɣef tmusni d wazalen n umezruy-nneɣ d wudmawen-is yetwasnen, anda Lezzayer teṭṭef amkan unnig imi tettuneḥsab seg yimukan imezwura ideg d-ilul yidles n talsa, d nettat i d irebbi-nniḍen n talsa di Tefriqt.
Deg ubrid-agi n umahil iɣef d-nemmeslay i nessers udem-a amaynut n wadeg-nneɣ n lantirnat ara yernun ugar n lǧehd s temkerḍit tumḍint ideg llant yakan ugar n 100 n teẓrigin i d-yeffɣen ɣer Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa, ladɣa tid yerzan taɣult n tseknawalt, amezruy d tsekla tamaziɣt. Iswi-nneɣ d asider d useḥbiber ɣef Tmaziɣt s uzuzer, asugget d usnerni n yiɣbula isnilsiyen d yidelsanen i yesɛan assaɣ akked Timmuzɣa d usishel n tifin-nsen di lantirnat.
S wadeg-a ad nefk tagnit i yimdanen akken ad ḍefren ɣef leqrib anerni n termit n teẓrigt n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa, aya s usersi n uzman ideg ttwajerden yidlisen i d-yeffɣen, ideg ara ilin yal tikkelt yisallen n teẓrigt imaynuten, ara yettusemlen ilmend n unagraw agraɣlan n usesmel n yidlisen. Rru ɣur-s daɣen ttawil n unadi s yisem n umeskar, asentel, awalen n teldayt, aya yerza ama d tiẓrigin n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa neɣ tizrigin i d-yeffɣen s umɛawan akked termisin-nniḍen n usiẓreg.
Assissen n Usqamu Unnig n Timuzɣa (H. C. A):
Asqamu Unnig n Timuzɣa d tasudut irsen ddaw n tmadirt n Tselwit n Tigduda. Ɣef uqerru-s Anesmil Unnig, s tallalt n Umaray Amatu. Tuɣdaḍt-is, tizemmar-is, aḥric n leqdic-is d useddu-ines rsen-d s leǧher deg iḍrisen izerfanen deg wayen icudden ɣer tanaḍin tiselwayin. Tigejdit-is d quẓet n twelhiwin:
1-Tanaḍt 147-95 n 27 mayu 1995 i d-yewwin ɣef usebded n Usqamu Unnig n Timuzɣa. yesken-d kuẓet n igmanen:
Tasqamut Tasensegmant-Tusnant d tdelsant (C. P. S. C.) :tebded ɣef 25 inesɣuma, tawuri-nsen d asalel n Unesmil Unnig deg ufares n iɣtasen irzan tuɣdaḍin n tsudut. (Tasgagt n inesɣuma, ittwasferken s tanaḍt i teɣzi n 3 iseggasen, ur tettwaɛawed ara seg yunyu 1998).
Tasqamut Tagraḥricant i Usemyuddes (C. I. C.): tebded ɣef igensasen n tsudwin tiɣelnawin. Iswi-ines d aseddu n wahilen i yessebded Usqamu Unnig n Timuzɣa. Tasqamut Tačurant n Uwelleh d Uḍfar (C. P. O. S.): d tasudut timḍebbert i yessegrawen C.P.S.C. d C.I.C. i d-yettaken ṛṛay ɣef yiberdan d wallalen n useddu n wahilen icudden ɣer lecɣal n Usqamu Unnig n Timuzɣa akked ineqqisen n useddu d uḍfar n wahilen.
2- Tanaḍt n 12 yunyu 1995 i d-yewwin ɣef usummed n Unesmil Unnig iɣef ters teɛkemt n usekfel d usnerni n tutlayt tamaziɣt. (Aselway yettwasebdad s usumer n yimendiden-is).
3- Tanaḍt n 10 tuber 1995 i d-yewwin ɣef usummed n uselway d yigensasen n C.P.S.C. n Usqamu Unnig yettuwekklen s usekfel n tmaziɣt d usnerni n tutlayt tamaziɣt. (Ur tettwaɛawed ara).
4- Tanaḍt 96-57 n 27 yennayer 1996 i d-yewwin ɣef tuddsa tagensant n tedbelt n UsqamuUnnig n Timuzɣa.
Tiddin n tsudut, imir-a, illa deffir-s yiwen n ugraw yuddsen s tzemmar deg uḥric amaziɣ yebḍan ɣef tsudwin tutwilin-tideblanin:
Tanmehla n Uselmed d Unadi (D. E. R.)
Tanmehla n Taywalt (D. C.)
Tanmehla n Usnerni n Yidles (D. P. C.)
Tanmehla n Tedbelt tamatut (D. A. G.)
Tuɣḍaḍin
Tuɣḍaḍin n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa ttwabeggnent-d akken ilaq deg umagrad wis 4 n n tanaḍt tasalwayant 95-147 n 28-05-95, d-yewwin ɣef uslali n Usqamu Unnig yettukelfen s tririt n timmuzɣa d usmel n tutlayt tamaziɣt i d-yennan : tiririt n wazal d usmil n timmuzɣa s yisem-is d tigejdit n tmagit taɣelnawt ; asekcem n tutlayt tamaziɣt ɣer yinagrawen n usedwel d taywalt.
Seg asmi d-ilul di 1995, Asqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa, s ttawil n tmehliwin-ines, yekkat amek ara yesneḍru deg unnar ahilen-ines n yal aseggas, s ubrid n temliliyin tussnanin yesɛan asaɣen akked timmuzɣa ; tamagit, tutlayt d yidles, s ubrid diɣen n tallelt tusridt neɣ tarusridt n yisenfaren n tidukliwin, s usiẓreg n yedlisen s tmaziɣt neɣ ɣef tmaziɣt.
Akka id d-yesuffeɣ Usqamu, seg 1995, ugar n 200 n yedlisen. Am akken yefka qrib 350 n lemɛawnat i tidukliwin tidelsanin d tussnanin, yesɛan isenfaren yerzan timmuzɣa n Lezzayer..
Asqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa yesuddes aṭas n temliliyin tussnanin (igrawen, ussan n tezrawt, tidwilin n usileɣ, timliliyin akked tidukliwin, atg.) ɣef tmukrist n tririt n wazal i timmuzɣa n Lezzayer di yal aḥric : tutlayt, idles, tussna d umezruy.
Iḍrisen n uslali
Tanaḍt taselwayant U° 95-147 n 27 maggu 1995, yerzan uslali n Usqamu unnig yettukelfen s tririt n wazal i timmuzɣa d usmil n tutlayt tamaziɣt.
Tanaḍt taselwayant U° 96-57 n 27 yennayer 1996, yerzan asuddes agensan n tedbelt n Usqamu unnig yettukelfen s tririt n wazal i timmuzɣa d usmil n tutlayt tamaziɣt.
Tanaḍt taselwayant U° 96-58 n 27 yennayer 1996, yettɛegginen lexlas n yiɛeggalen n tesqamut n uwelleh d uḍfar n Usqamu unnig yettukelfen s tririt n wazal i timmuzɣa d usmil n tutlayt tamaziɣt.
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text:
Ibrahim Maalouf
Ibrahim Maalouf (ابراهيم معلوف), bet ganet d’ar 5 a viz Du 1980 e Beirout (Liban), a zo ur soner trompilh, ur pianoour, ur sonaoazer, evit ar sinema ivez, ur produour hag ur c’helenner primaozadenn gall-libanat brudet er bed a-bezh.
Seniñ a ra gant Laz-seniñ sinfonek Breizh a-wechoù ha gant sonerien vreizhat all.
Un nebeud oberennoù[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
- Est/Ouest – Nord/Sud gant Laz-seniñ sinfonek Breiz
Un nebeud pladennoù[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
- 2007 : Diasporas
- 2009 : Diachronism
- 2011 : Diagnostic
- 2012 : Wind
- 2013 : DIA (Diasporas + Diachronism + Diagnostic)
- 2013 : Illusions


text:
Asbes
Asbes neɣ Amcic n yeẓra (Assaɣ ussnan: Suricata) d tawsit n iɣersiwen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tzelkeṭṭiwin deg tfesna n temseksumin, Yettidir deg tegrawin yettawden ar 30 n isebsen deg izaɣaren yeldin, Tamurt-is taẓarant d Tiniri n Kalahari deg tmurt n Tafriqt n wadda akk d Namibia.
Ingiren[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Asbes d aɣersiw yellan deg wumuɣ n wučči i kra n telmas n iɣersiwen am wuccen d uberni
Učči[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg wučči ynes, Asbes yegguni af kra n igeṭfen am tiɣirdmiwin kra n tlmas n temraradin d igṭaṭ


text:
Max manwa izdarn ad inna uhu g tmurt ngh lli igan tamurt n tdimukracit ? middn qah nsn(akkw, tous) lan azrf ad skarn ikabarn n tsrtit, aynna rad ig uzur nsn ig t, aynna rad ig uklu nsn ig t, gn iy t iwtman ngh gan tiwtmin,wann dar turda g aya nn, izr tanbadt n usggas n 2007 llig gant sat tmghrin
Tinghlafin(ministre) zund nttnti zund irgazn, mqqar ar ttmcmucn yan mnnaw id wacc d istt tacc ar ttinin is tga tanbadt ikkattan, ad nn iqqar g imawn nsn.inyat : Amin, nnan ak ur nn idul yan ula yat g tfranin n wass n 7-9-07 llig d tlul tnbadt ad ngh, mac tadimukrasit ngh ur tt issihl aylli ttmcmucn id wacc d istt tacc, wid d tid lli bdda iskrkuzn ar ttllin s mayd isggann g tudrt ngh tsrtant ad t id ssaggn, ar bdda ssisginn tudrt ngh mqqar tmllul zund tiqqit n ukfay ilzan(fraiche),tamurt ngh tbidd xf tdimukrasit, yir iyt wann iran yagi wann yugin, tugga kkant agh d timizar lli igan azur n tdimukrasit, ad tnt igan d tmizar n i²rabn, willi agh d yadlli yiwin tifawt zg zik llig sul nlla g tillas, nimzilil,ilmma nisfiw akkw nddu allig tn nzwar g ubaraz n tdimukrasit, nili g tuktt ns, ilin d nttni g izddar, nttni ad agh ittinin mk ad, urd nkkni ad t ittinin, middn ad ittinin tjja tghnsit(lhbaqq)ur d nnttat ad t ittinin.
S mk ann nit urd iqqan ad nffr is llan kra n id yan lli ranin ad agh tryazn aman, nttni utin id wacc lli hra nbdr, wid ran ad rzin tadimukrasit ngh, ad tt skkattin, ikut s mit ?
S tmzzazart !(racisme)ad kn yari rbbi yari agh g tmzzazrt ad lli ran wid ad agh tt id awin s tmurt ad lli tt jju ur issnn, ran tasrtit kkn d sis tamzzazart.
Tamurt ngh ar ttini : tasrtit iyih, tamzzazart uhu !s mk ann nit yacki d wad lli mi ttinin Adghrni lli igaan amastan(avocat) isfawn g uzrf, yiri ad d isgar g tmurt ngh aylli jju gis ur illin, akabar amazigh !
Zzigh tighri yad lli nssaqqra i tarwa ngh g tsdawiyin illa gisn mad tsbiybigh(rendre entete)Adghirni ad ur ar ttkkant udm ns!max sghawsan imazighn s kra n ukabar? mad jju ikksn i imazighn ak kcmn s ikabarn ad nit lli illan ? winsn ad gan, d nkkni akk ma yadlli nga ghas imazighn ?
Tamzzazart isqqaqn ad id iga ad tinit akabar amazigh g tmurt ngh.
Ad ak nn ur iluh iblis amakus g ixf nk a Adghirni is d igh ar nttini Lmaghrib a²rab, d igh ar nttini tamurt ngh tga ta²rabt,d igh ar ns²rrab g tmurt ngh ku taghawsa mqqar d isan d idan, is d nkkni ad igan imzzazarn ! uhu ad ur tghalt mk ann nkkni nga idimukratn, ur ar nttini ghas aylli ran middn, mqqar tn ur nsaqqsa mad ran !acku nssn is ur ad irin amr aylli asn nenna iffgh asn, d ad ak dagh ur inna iblis nk is d aya nn ur igi tadimukrasit n tidt, ssn a Adghirni is d ur iqqan ad tg tdimukrasit ngh zund tin irumiyn, max nnufl ad ndfur willi ur umznin abrid ifawn g tdimukrasit ? ssn dagh is d darngh ad nn sisn tkka tdimukrasit, darngh agh tt inn ssufdn,(emprunter)mac ur as ssnn sskwnan tt, rrjnn tt(falsifier) llig tt ira rbbi s wafulki tghama darngh nkkni tzdg sul tughd mk lli yadlli tga g umzwaru.xf ad tnzut a Adghirni mqqar tbiybght, allig ur ar tssflidt amr i ixf nk zr is tzdar tdimukrasit n irumiyn ad tsurf i yan urgaz lli ittln i igiman(des milliers) n i²rrimn d t²rrimin lli ganin id war tawuri allig asn yiwi imik lli smunn, iffgh d is ar hlli gisn ittnaz s mk ann nit ur illi mad ismrrtn agaz ann, ur illi mad t inn iqqnn g kra n ughzzu(prison)nnig mk ann akkw,ur illi mad t isaqqsan xf ubkkad ann, is as tfka tdimukrasit ngh ad ig amzwar n inghlafn n tmurt, tadimukrasit ngh ur tgi tahkkuct(naive) zund tin irumiyn lli s ar ttwargan kra n id yan d istt yat lli mi tmlilliyn ixfawn nsn zg mad tn d utn izwutn n willi d ur nmun g ubrid nsn ifrghn, nnigh ak tingh ur ar tsgiddi aylli yadlli ur igaddan, tadimukrasit ngh da tsmmzlay, acku tsfaw, mqqar nttini middn gan yan, nttni s tidt ur gin yan, mamk s yufa uzrf lli tn inbdn ad ig yan ?! max abkkad n urgaz iwis n tuwja mqqurn iga zund win iwis n udrar lli d ninkrn d tkufant?! igh ndfar anufl nnun, nmani rant tawjiwin ngh lli kkusanin tanbadt zg zik ? id is trit ad urrint s izddar ?! ilmma ad tqqrbl ddunit, uhu ur ad niri ad tsrgt i ddunit ad tqqrbl, trit s ukabar nk ad agh d tawkt tamzzazart, hayyagh nsrd ak s tgmmi n uzrf lli ur illin g ufus ngh ula winnun, nttat ad issnn is ibidd ukabar nk xf tmzzazart ngh d uhu t tga tin ixf ns rad tnna aylli d yuckan d uzrf , azrf lli d iswan g tdimukrasit , ad ur ttut a Adghirni, talli tt igan taghd !
Mohamed Akunad


text: Tafukt iga-tt yitri n unegraw afukan. G ussurtey asnallun, tga tafukt seg yitran ganin g wanaw axmuc awraɣ ilan g ubeddur attayen n 1,989 1 × 1030 kg, tettusileɣ s uhidrujin (75 % n ubeddur d 92 % n ubleɣ) d uhilyum (25 % n ubeddur d 8 % ubleɣ). Tamu tafukt g umahellaw igan s isem abrid n walim taggug i tuẓẓumt n umahellaw s wattayen n 8 kpc (∼26 100 a.l.), agensu n yiɣil n Uṛyun. Da tessutul tafukt i tuẓẓumt n umahellaw g 225 ar 250 n imelyunen n isegg°asen (asegg°as n umahellaw). Da as-ittenneḍ wakal (s temmri n 30 km/s), sa n imtiwgen yaḍen, semmus n imtiwgen ixmucen s usidres, mennaw n iknemtiwgen d imsazagen d yat tassfift n ugeḍrur. Da tettgensas tafukt i waḍu-nnes attayen n 99,854 % n ubeddur n unegraw afukan ainsi constitué, da ittgensas Jupiter uggar n sin ifkraḍen n uyenna d-yaguren.


text:
Mi ara tesɛum uṭṭun n ulqem s talɣa MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH, ilaq ad tesnernim:
Llant tecraḍ nniḍen i yileqman send tuffɣa (pre-release) d yidfersefka n usali (build metadata) i irennun d isiɣzaf i talɣa MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH.
Deg umaḍal n usnefli n yiseɣẓanen, tella yiwet n tegnit ttkukrun-tt medden ssawalen-as “times n teglin” (seg Teglizit “dependency hell”). Simal yettimɣur unagraw-nwen, simal trennum iwemmusen i useɣẓan-nwen, simal yettaẓ-d wass deg ur as-tettafem ara akk ixef-is deg wanu-a yesbelɛen asirem.
Deg unagraw deg i caḍent teglin, asufeɣ n yileqman imaynuten n kra yisger yezmer ad yuɣal awal sin am yir targit. Ma yella ilugan n tigelt bezzaf ḥersen, tzemrem ad tesweḥlem ileqman-nwen (ur tettizmirem ara ad tleqmem isger war ma tessufɣem-d ileqman imaynuten n yal isger uɣur yurez). Ma yella tiglin bezzaf serrḥent, iban ad d-teɣlim deg uceṛṛeɛ n ulqem (aqbal s tmara n umɛabi d yileqman i d-itteddun nnig wayen ilaqen). Ma ur ken-yeǧǧi ara usewḥel n yileqman neɣ aceṛṛeɛ n yileqman ad tseddum asenfar-nwen ar zdat s tefses d tɣellist, ad d-tafem iman-nwen deg “tmes n teglin”.
Akken ad yefru wugur-a, summreɣ-d kra n yilugan d tmariwin ara awen-d-yinin amek ara tesbeddem neɣ ad tesnernim uṭṭunen n yileqman. Ilugan-a bnan ― ɣas akken mačči ala ɣef waya ― ɣef tsemras i nennum, yellan yakan ttwaseqdacent s waṭas ama deg useɣẓan uslig ama deg win yeldin. Akken ad yeddu unagraw-a, ilaq ad tesbeddem API tazayezt (agrudem n usihel n yesnasen). Aya yezmer ad yili s usedles neɣ ad yettwaseyyef deg tengalt yakan. Akken yebɣu yili, API-a ilaq ad tettwafham yerna ad temqet. Mi dayen tesbeddem-tt, ad tessawalem ɣef ubeddel-is s usnerni n wuṭṭun-nwen n ulqem. Ma nesɛa alqem s talɣa X.Y.Z (Major.Minor.Patch), iseɣtiyen ur nettbeddil ara API ad snernin alqem patch, abeddel d usegmu n API yemɛaban d wayen yezrin ad snernin minor, abeddel n API yemyagin d wayen yezrin ad yesnerni alqem major.
Semmaɣ-as i unagraw-a “aleqqem anamkan”. S unagraw-a, uṭṭunen n ulqem d wamek s i ttnernin ttaken anamek i tengalt uɣur cudden d wayen yettbeddilen seg ulqem ar wayeḍ.
Awalen yufraren “ILAQ” (MUST/SHALL), “UR ILAQ ARA” (MUST NOT/SHALL NOT), “YETTUḤETTMEM” (REQUIRED), “YEWWI-D” (SHOULD), “UR D-YEWWI ARA” (SHOULD NOT), “YELHA” (RECOMMENDED), “YEZMER” (MAY), “AXETRAN” (OPTIONAL) i d-yeddan deg wezmam-a, yewwi-d ad ttwafehmen akken i ten-id-mlan deg RFC 2119.
Aseɣẓan yesseqdacen aleqqem anamkan ILAQ ad yesbedd API tazayezt. API-a tezmer ad tili deg tengalt yakan neɣ ad d-tettwasefhem akken iwata deg yiseftar. Akken tebɣu tili, ILAQ ad tettwafham yerna ad temqet.
Uṭṭun amagnu n ulqem ILAQ ad yili s talɣa X.Y.Z anda X, Y d Z d ummiden ur nelli d uzdiren, UR ILAQ ARA ad gebren ilmawen ur nesɛi anamek. X d alqem ameqran (major), Y d alqem ameẓyan (minor), ma d Z d alqem n useɣti (patch). Yal aferdis ILAQ ad yettnerni s wudem umḍin. Amedya: 1.9.0 -> 1.10.0 -> 1.11.0.
Ma dayen yeffeɣ-d yisger s kra ulqem, ayen yellan deg ulqem-a UR ILAQ ARA ad ibeddel. Ma yella-d kra ubeddel, ILAQ ad d-yeffeɣ deg ulqem amaynut.
Ilem deg ulqem ameqran (0.y.z) yemmug i usnefli amezwaru. Kullec YEZMER ad ibeddel seg teswiɛt ar tayeḍ. API tazayezt UR D-YEWWI ARA ad tettwaḥsab terked.
D alqem 1.0.0 i yesbeddayen API tazayezt. Abrid ara yaɣ usnerni n wuṭṭun n ulqem segmi ara d-yeffeɣ, yeqqen ɣer API-nni tazayezt d wamek i tettbeddil.
Alqem n useɣti Z (x.y.Z | x > 0) ILAQ ad yennerni ma yella d iseɣtiyen kan yemɛaban d wayen yezrin i d-ikecmen. Aseɣti n ubug d abeddel agensas i yettseggimen tikli yeccḍen.
Alqem ameẓyan Y (x.Y.z | x > 0) ILAQ ad yennerni ma yella tekcem-d tmahilt tamaynut yemɛaban d wayen yezrin ɣer API tazayezt. ILAQ daɣen ad yennerni ma yella kra n tmahilt n API tazayezt tettwacreḍ d tin ara yettwakksen. YEZMER ad yennerni ma tekcem-d tmahilt tamynut neɣ aseggem meqqren i yerzan tanglat tusligt kan. YEZMER ad d-yeglu s ubeddel deg uswir n useɣti. Mi ara yennerni ulqem ameẓyan, alqem n useɣti ILAQ ad yuɣal ar 0.
Alqem ameqran X (X.y.z | X > 0) ILAQ ad yennerni ma nessekcem kra ubeddel yemyagin d wayen yezrin ar API tazayezt. YEZMER daɣen ad d-yeglu s ubeddel deg uswir ameẓyan neɣ n useɣti. Alqem n useɣti d ulqem ameẓyan ILAQ ad uɣalen ar 0 mi ara yennerni ulqem ameqran.
Alqem send tuffɣa YEZMER ad d-iban s tmerna n ujerrid d umazrar n yiferdisen yebḍan s tenqiḍt deffir kan ulqem n useɣti. Iferdisen-a UR ILAQ ad gebren ala isekkilen igmumḍinen ASCII d ujerrid [0-9A-Za-z-]. Iferdisen-a UR ILAQ ARA ad ilin d ilmawen. Iferdisen umḍinen UR ILAQ ARA ad gebren ilmawen ur nesɛi anamek. Alqem send tuffɣa yettas-d ddaw ulqem amagnu i icudden ɣur-s. Alqem send tuffɣa d alqem ur nerkid ara yerna yezmer ur yettqadar ara tiwtilin n umɛabi i yeɛnan alqem amagnu i icudden ɣur-s. Imedyaten: 1.0.0-alpha, 1.0.0-alpha.1, 1.0.0-0.3.7, 1.0.0-x.7.z.92.
Idfersefka n usali ZEMREN ad d-binen s tmerna n uzmul “+” d umazrar n yiferdisen yebḍan s tenqiḍt, deffir kan ulqem n useɣti neɣ n ulqem send tuffɣa. Iferdisen-a UR ILAQ ad gebren ala isekkilen igmumḍinen ASCII d ujerrid [0-9A-Za-z-]. Iferdisen-a UR ILAQ ARA ad ilin d ilmawen. Idfersefka n usali ILAQ ad ttwazeglen deg umyizwer n yileqman. Ɣef waya, ma llan sin n yileqman mgaraden kan deg yidfersefka n usali, atenan kifkif-iten deg umyizwer. Imedyaten: 1.0.0-alpha+001, 1.0.0+20130313144700, 1.0.0-beta+exp.sha.5114f85.
Amyizwer ger yileqman yemmal-d amek ara ttwasettfen wa deffir wa. Amyizwer ILAQ ad yettwaḥsab s beṭṭu n ulqem aferdis aferdis: ameqran, ameẓyan, n useɣti d send tuffɣa s umyizwer-a (idfersefka ur ttekkin ara deg umyizwer). Amyizwer yettili-d akken kan ara d-naf amgirred amenzu mi ara nesmenyif ger yiferdisen-a yiwen yiwen seg uzelmaḍ ar uyeffus akka: alqem ameqran, alqem ameẓyan d ulqem n useɣti nesmenyif-iten dima s wudem umḍin. Amedya: 1.0.0 < 2.0.0 < 2.1.0 < 2.1.1. Mi ara yilin yiferdisen imeqranen d yimeẓyanen d wid n useɣti d imegduya, alqem send tuffɣa ad d-yezg ddaw ulqem amagnu. Amedya: 1.0.0-alpha < 1.0.0. Amyizwer ger sin n yileqman send tuffɣa i iɛedlen aferdis ameqran d umeẓyan d win n useɣti ILAQ ad yili s usmenyif n yal aferdis iḥazen s tenqiḍt seg uzelmaḍ ar uyeffus alamma nufa-d amgirred akka: asmenyif n yiferdisen igebren ala uṭṭunen ad d-yili s wudem umḍin, ma d asmenyif n yiferdisen yesɛan isekkilen d yijerriden ad yili s umyizwer ASCII deg ugemmay. Alqem send tuffɣa i umi ggten yiferdisen ad d-yezg ddaw n win yesɛan ciṭṭuḥ, ma ɛedlen akk iferdisen-nni yezwaren. Amedya: 1.0.0-alpha < 1.0.0-alpha.1 < 1.0.0-alpha.beta < 1.0.0-beta < 1.0.0-beta.2 < 1.0.0-beta.11 < 1.0.0-rc.1 < 1.0.0.
Aya mačči d takti tamaynut neɣ d tin ara ibeddlen tudert. Tidet kan, yezmer txeddmem yakan ayen iqerben ar waya. Ugur d wa: “iqreben” ur icaḍ ara. War amtawi d kra n ulugen unṣib, ad uɣalen wuṭṭunen n yileqman ur nfiɛen ara i usefrek n teglin. S usbeddi n yisem d unamek ibanen i tikta i d-nefka da, ad yishil ad tesfehmem ayen i tgemnem i widak yesseqdacen aseɣẓan-nwen. Mi ara ibin wayen tgemnem, tzemrem ad d-txedmem aslugen iserḥen (d acu mačči bezzaf) n tiglin.
Atan umedya ameẓyan ara d-iseknen amek ara yerr uleqqem anamkan “times n teglin” d tamsalt yefran. Ad d-nini nesɛa tamkarḍit isem-is “AkamyunUsexsi”. Tettuḥwaǧ isger iteddun s uleqqem anamkan semman-as “Tasellumt”. Ass deg i d-yennulfa AkamyunUsexsi, Tasellumt tella deg ulqem 3.1.0. Ma yesseqdac AkamyunUsexsi kra n tmahilt i d-ikecmmen deg 3.1.0, tzemrem ad d-tinim war aɣbel belli alqem n tagelt Tasellumt ilaq ad yili nnig n 3.1.0 maca ddaw n 4.0.0. Imir, asmi ara d-ffɣen yileqman 3.1.1 d 3.2.0 n Tasellumt, tzemrem ad ten-ternum ar unagraw-nwen n usefrek n yisegran yerna teẓram ad mɛaban d useɣẓan-nni i ten-yuḥwaǧen.
Win yellan d aneflay amasay, iban ad yebɣu ad isefqed kra ubeddel i d-yellan deg yisger ma itteddu akken iwata. Deg tilawt, timsal mačči d iger iberzen; ulac ayen i nezmer ad nexdem mgal aya nnig uḥader. Ayen i tzemrem ad txedmem, d aseqdec n uleqqem anamkan ara awen-d-yefken abrid yelhan i usufeɣ d uleqqem n yisegran war ma tcelɛem-d deg usufeɣ n teglin, s wakka ad d-trebḥem akud yerna ad tekksem aɣbel.
Ma yella yeffeɣ fell-awen akk waya, tuḥwaǧem kan ad d-tinim belli tseqdacem-t yerna ad tḍefrem ilugan akken ad tebdum aseqdec n uleqqem anamkan. Rnut aseɣwen ar usmel-a deg README-nwen akken ad walin wiyaḍ ilugan yerna ad d-sfaydin seg-sen.
Abrid isehlen akk d beddu n usnefli amenzu seg ulqem 0.1.0, syin akkin ad tesnernayem alqem ameẓyan i yal asufeɣ amaynut.
Ma yella useɣẓan-nwen yettwaseqdec deg ufares, ahat yewwi-d ad yili s ulqem 1.0.0. Ma yella tesɛam API irekden uɣur bdan ttwarzen iseqdacen, ilaq ad tilim s ulqem 1.0.0. Ma tebdam tcelɛem-d deg umɛabi d wayen yezrin, ilaq ad tilim yakan deg ulqem 1.0.0.
Alqem ameqran ilem (0) yemmug i usnefli arurad. Ma tettbeddilem API yal ass, ilaq ad teqqimem deg ulqem 0.y.z neɣ deg ufurek iḥazen i usnefli ad tqeddcem ɣef ulqem ameqran i d-iteddun.
Aya d tamsalt n usnefli s tmasit d uwali ar zdat. Abeddel ara yerẓen amɛabi ur ilaq ara ad d-yekcem kan akka ar useɣẓan uɣur teqqen aṭas n tengalt. Asali ar ulqem amaynut yezmer ad d-yekker ɣlay. Ma tesnernam alqem ameqran akken ad d-tessufɣem abeddel ur nemɛaba ara, aql-iken tettmeyyizem ɣef wayen ara d-yeglu ubeddel-nwen, yerna tettakem azal i wassaɣ yellan ger tseglut d wayen i d-tesqam.
Yewwi-d fell-awen s yisem-nwen d ineflayen imsaduren ad tesdelsem aseɣẓan-nwen yemmugen akken ad tesqedcen wiyaḍ. Asefrek n umcubbak n useɣẓan d ayen yesɛan azal meqqren akken ad yeqqim usenfar ifaz. Yuɛer ad naweḍ ar waya ma yella yiwen ur yeẓri amek ara iseqdec aseɣẓan, neɣ anti tarrayin i umi yezmer ad isiwel. Syin akkin, aleqqem anamkan d usbeddi igerrzen n API tazayezt ad ǧǧen yal yiwen ad yeddu ɣer zdat war uguren.
Akken kan ara d-takim belli terẓam asefru n uleqqem anamkan, ilaq ad tesseɣtim ugur yerna ad d-tessufɣem alqem ameẓyan amaynut ara d-yerren amɛabi d wayen yezrin. Ula deg tegnit am ta, ur ilaq ara ad tbeddlem ileqman i d-yeffɣen. Ma twalam ilaq, sdelset alqem-nni yeccḍen, tesɛelmem iseqdacen-nwen s wugur-a i d-yellan.
Aya yezmer ad yettusemma d abddel yemɛaban imi ur yettnal ara API tazayezt. Iseɣẓanen yurzen ɣer teglin yecban tid n uwemmus-nwen ahat ad sɛun asefru-nsen n teglin, ihi amsekar-nsent ad ifiq ma yella kra n wugur. Akken ad teẓrem ma ad yili ubeddel deg uswir n useɣti neɣ deg uswir ameẓyan, ilaq ad twalim ma tessulim tiglin-nwen akken ad tesseɣtim abug neɣ akken ad d-teskecmem tamahilt tamynut. Tezga tettili-d tmerna n tengalt deg tegnit-nni tis snat, d ayen i yuḥwaǧen bla ccekk asnerni n ulqem ameẓyan.
D kunwi i yeẓran. Ma llan aṭas i ken-yeṭṭafaren, ara tḥazem mliḥ s tuɣalin ar deffir ma terram API tazayezt akken tella, ahat yif-it ma tessufɣem-d alqem ameqran, ɣas akken abeddel-nwen icaḍ-as uleqqem n useɣti. Ur tettut ara belli aleqqem anamkan yemmug akken ad yefk anamek i usnerni n wuṭṭunen n yileqman. Ma yella ubeddel i d-yellan yesɛa azal meqqren i yiseqdacen-nwen, sbinet-asen -t-id s wuṭṭun n ulqem.
Acraḍ n tmahilin send ad ttwakksent d tigawt yuzzlen deg usnefli n useɣẓan yerna d ayen i as-ilaqen tikwal akken ad yaẓ ɣer zdat. Mi ara tcerḍeḍ aḥric deg API-nwen tazayezt ad yettwakkes, ɣur-wen snat n tɣawsiwin ad tent-txedmem: (1) ad tleqmem iseftar-nwen akken ad ẓren iseqdacen-nwen, (2) ad d-tessufɣem alqem ameẓyan amaynut deg ara d-tseddum acraḍ n tukksa. Send ad tekksem akk kra tamahilt deg ulqem ameqran amaynut, ilaq ad d-tessufɣem ma drus yiwen ulqem ameẓyan i d-immalen tukksa-a akken iseqdacen ad ɛeddin dac dac ɣer API tamaynut.
Ala, dacu meyyez akken i iwata. Ahat uṭṭun n ulqem n 255 n yisekkilen (d amedya kan) bezzaf ɣezzif. Yerna, kra n yinagrawen ttseyyifen tilisa ɣef teɣzi n uzrar n wuṭṭun n ulqem.
Ala, “v1.2.3” mačči d alqem anamkan. Maca, timerna n “v” (seg Teglizit) deg
tazwara n ulqem anamkan akken ad d-ibin belli d uṭṭun n ulqem, d ayen yuzzlen
s waṭas. Nettmagar-d aṭas asemẓi n “version” s “v” deg usefrek n yileqman.
Amedya:
git tag v1.2.3 -m "Asufeɣ n ulqem 1.2.3", anda “v1.2.3” d isem
n tecreḍt, ma yella d alqem anamkan d “1.2.3”.
Llant snat. Yiwet s yigrawen yettusemman tetteddu deg yinagrawen i asen-izemren (PCRE [Perl Compatible Regular Expressions, am Perl, PHP d R], Python akked Go).
Wali: https://regex101.com/r/Ly7O1x/3/
^(?P 0|[1-9]\d*)\.(?P 0|[1-9]\d*)\.(?P 0|[1-9]\d*)(?:-(?P (?:0|[1-9]\d*|\d*[a-zA-Z-][0-9a-zA-Z-]*)(?:\.(?:0|[1-9]\d*|\d*[a-zA-Z-][0-9a-zA-Z-]*))*))?(?:\+(?P [0-9a-zA-Z-]+(?:\.[0-9a-zA-Z-]+)*))?$
Tella tayeḍ s yigrawen n tuṭṭfiwin s wuṭṭunen (agraw1 = major, agraw2 = minor, agraw3 = patch, agraw4 = prerelease ma d agraw5 = buildmetadata) temɛaba d ECMA Script (JavaScript), PCRE (Perl Compatible Regular Expressions, am Perl, PHP d R), Python akked Go.
Wali: https://regex101.com/r/vkijKf/1/
^(0|[1-9]\d*)\.(0|[1-9]\d*)\.(0|[1-9]\d*)(?:-((?:0|[1-9]\d*|\d*[a-zA-Z-][0-9a-zA-Z-]*)(?:\.(?:0|[1-9]\d*|\d*[a-zA-Z-][0-9a-zA-Z-]*))*))?(?:\+([0-9a-zA-Z-]+(?:\.[0-9a-zA-Z-]+)*))?$
Asefru n uleqqem anamkan yura-t Tom Preston-Werner, win i d-yesnulfan Gravatar yerna yettekki deg usufeɣ n GitHub.
Ma tebɣam ad d-teǧǧem iwenniten, ldit atiki deg GitHub ma ulac aɣilif.


text:
Vendredi 26 novembre 2021
Lezzayer mačči d Palestine !
Urar n wid yeggunin tifrat n tmurt ad d-tas si Palestine-Falastin (1), d wid iran ad aɣ-skecmen deg uḥḍun n tixxubta n « nationalisme arabe », ansi ur d-nteffeɣ !
Uguren n tmurt n Lezzayer ad frun di tmurt n Lezzayer, acku ayen akk ad d-yasen seg Wagmuḍ/Orient neɣ ansi nniḍen, d tilufa kan ara d-irnu. Abrid immuten (impasse) ur issuffuɣ.
Yal amennuɣ ass-a, issefk ad iddu deg usalu n bennu n Tmazɣa n talwit, n tugdut ; d win i yessaram umur ameqqran n Izzayriyen akked lǧiran-nnaɣ.
Ugur ameqqran ass-a, d abrid i yuɣ udabu akken ad ibrez annar i tsertit-is, idda-yas s wudem-nni n « ad d-iddu neɣ ad iqres » : d acuddu n yemdanen yal ass ɣer leḥbas, d argaz neɣ d tameṭṭut, d wid d-ikkren ɣef izerfan akked yidles n tmurt ; di tallit deg irebraben n tinneslemt s ibeckiḍen, teddun si tiɣremt ɣer tayeḍ, si tmurt ɣer tayeḍ !
Amek i nezmer ad tt-nefhem ?
Tidett, tikli n udabu ur telli d tamaynut. Issen-asent i tkerkas akken ad issedrem ayen d-ibedden zdat-s :
- - Advertisement -
Deffir 1970, irẓa tiddukla tilellit n inelmaden (UNEA), isnulfa-d tiddukla n UNJA yeqqnen ɣer néo-FLN, tbedd zun tamsulta ɣef yelmeẓyen n tmurt.
Di 1981, isnulfa-d amussu/mouvement n ixuniyen inselmen, akken ad yerẓ amussu d-ilulen si Tefsut Imaziɣen n 1980. Di tesdawit n Lezzayer, imsulta ttcuddun wid yettewten, ma d wid iwten sensaren-ten akkin. D wid-nni i yenɣan Kamal Amzal di Ben Aknoun, deg wass n 02/11/1982.
Deffir 1980, ldin-asen i yixuniyen tibbura n tesdawiyin, sseɣlin-d qawsas ɣef inelmaden akked tnelmadin. Tedwel tesdawit d annar n imennuɣen, adabu yeqqim-d afella, yettferriǧ.
Deffir 1991, mi yekker ṭṭrad n FIS-AIS mgal adabu akked mgal tamurt, iqeddacen n udabu (‘’les services’’), snulfan-d GIA akken ad berzen yis tamurt, ad kksen wid i d-ibedden d afrag ɣef tmurt. Acḥal i yemmuten s waldun neɣ s ujenwi, akken taggara d netta kan (adabu) ad d-iqqimen.
Times i ssaɣen di ɣect i tmurt n Leqbayel, akked d usxerweḍ s tsertit n MAK ur nekcim di tirrebrebt, ddant deg ubrid n tkerkas-nni i nessen.
Ass-a, d tikli-nni n GIA i yuɣ udabu, maca s useqdec n teɣdemt, mačči s ibeckiḍen, lbumbat akked timezla s unjenwi.
Anda yella umgared/lxilaf gar Ali Belhadj n yiḍelli, akked wid illan ass-a gelden di tzeqqa n El Mouradia ?
Ussan-a, adabu yufa-d tamsalt nniḍen swayes iteddu ad ikrez ugar akken ad isseḥmu Izzayriyen, akken nitni, taggara, ad ttun tamsalt n udabu akked tlufa n tmurt :
« Merruk akked Israël dduklen, fran, ad gen yal asɣen di tsertit-nsen, di tezmer n iserdasen-nnsen… Iwweḍ-aɣ-d Israël ɣer umnar ! ».
Adabu yezwar-as am akken yessen ad yeg yal tikkelt : ad d-issuffeɣ adendun/ṭbel n Palestine, ad as-yernu aberraḥ-nni n « Ayyuha el ɛarab ! ».
Maca, tallit tbeddel, « le monde arabe » yenger, yal yiwen yelha-d di tilkin-is, ma d Izzayriyen ssnen, ẓran ayen illan deg umaḍal, ur aɣ-ittkellix ugar :
Lezzayer mačči d Palestine !
A.U L.
Timerna / Notes :
1) Di 1978, yiwen umeɣnas n Merruk, i yellan iteddu mgal tasertit n ugellid Ḥasan II, inna-yas : « la solution du problème marocain (ie. dictature sanguinaire sous Hassane II) est au Moyen-Orient (sic) » !
Tadyant-a, am tin n wid d-issuffuɣen annay n Palestine di tnemmast n tmanaɣt n Lezzayer, di tikliwin n Hirak-Tanekra di 2019 !


text:
Saskatchewan
Saskačewan d yiwet tamnaṭ deg utaram n tmurt n Kanada, di walmaten imeqqranen.
TarakaltẒreg
Tajumma-nes d 651 900 km² u ɣur-es 1 010 146 imezdaɣ deg 1 yebrir n 2008, tigti seg At Saskačewan zedɣen deg wenẓul n temnaṭ. D Regina (193 093 imezdaɣ) d tamdint tameqqrant seg akk temdinin n temnaṭ. Seg iɣerman nniḍen a nufi, Prince Albert, Moose Jaw, North Battleford, Yorkton d Swift Current.
Saskačewan tella gar Akalen n ugafa-atraman af ugafa, Manituba af wegmuḍ, Alberta af utaram d iwunak imarikanen af wenẓul : Dakuta N Ugafa d Montana. Isen-is yusa-d seg wasif n Saskačewan, anamek-ines i d-yusi si tutlayt n Kri (Ikriyen i yellan weɣref amezwaru f wakal-nni) d "wasif arurad" (Kisiskačewan s Tekrit).


text:
Čina d-tamurt tameqqṛant ay d-yezgan deg wegmoḍ en Asya. Tajumma-nnes 9.640.821 km2 (yikilumitren imkoẓen). Zedɣen-tt 1.336.718.015 en yimezdaɣen. D-nettat ay d-tamurt yesɛan aṭṭas akk en yimezdaɣen deg omaḍal.
Tamurt-a d-nettat ay d-tiss kraḍ (3) deg omaḍal seg yidis en wakal (sdeffir Rusya ed Kanada), yerna 40% seg wakal-nnes ɛlay ugar en 2000 en lmitrat. Idraren iɛlayanen akk deg omaḍal (Himalaya) zgan-d ɣef tlisa en Čina akked Hindya ed Nepal. Čina tesɛa daɣen yiwen seg yineẓrofen imeqqṛanen akk deg omaḍal, aneẓrof en Gubi, am wakken ay tesɛa ugar en 5000 en yisafen. Tamurt-a tesɛa tallit aydeg d-yekkat aṭas ugeffur (d tallit en tmusunt, deg unebdu), maca igefran-a ttgen, tikkal, ixeṣṣaren ed imeqqṛanen.
Čina tesɛa agdud ameqqṛan akk deg omaḍal: ugar en 20% seg yimezdaɣen en omaḍal d-Ičinayen. Maca amur ameqqṛan seg yimezdaɣen en Čina ddren deg tama tagmoḍant en tmurt. Ugar en 61% en Yičinayen ddren deg ugama (beṛṛa i temdinin). Ihanen d-nitni ay d-tadersi (miniroté) tameqqṛant akk deg Čina (ugar en 90% en yimezdaɣen), yerna d-tantala-nsen (dialecte) ay ssawalen Yičnayen akken ad msefhamen gar-asen.
Deg 1992, Čina tekcem tadamsa en wulzuz (économie de marché): ula ma medden ttalasen ad sɛun tiṛmisin (tikebbaniyin) i yiman-nsen, maca anabaḍ mazal yeṭṭef ṛṛay ameqran deg temsal en tdamsa. Čina d-nettat ay d-tanfarast (productrice) tameqqṛant akk deg omaḍal deg wayen yerzan imendi (céréales) am aṛṛoz, irden ed wekbal.


text:
AZUL ! Di tazwara antatt Kaysa Xalifi?
Azul i yimeɣriyen. Nekk d tilemẓit Taqbaylit i d-ilulen deg temnaḍt n Ayt Smaɛel i d-yezgan deg usamar n Bgayet. Ḥemmleɣ segmi d-kkreɣ ayen akk icudden ɣer teqbaylit, ama d tutlayt-is, d idles-is, neɣ d amezruy-is swayes nettzuxxu imi qqnen merra ɣer lasel yeɛzizen. Yusa-d wass ideg i yi-d-tefka tehregt tisura swayes ara ldiɣ tawwurt n leqdic s yimru ɣef tsekla-nneɣ. Uriɣ, ttaruɣ s tutlayt tayemmat, imi ẓriɣ teḥwaj-iyi amek teḥwaj akk tarwa-s, di yal aḥric.
Ayen igarzen d akken,meẓẓiyeḍ maca turiḍ sinn n yedlisen. Nebɣa ad tiniḍ dacu id isentalen af id tetmeslay-ḍ
Qqaren tamussni ur tferren leɛmer. Win iḥemmlen kra, iger deg-s zik, iban simmal ad yettɛedday wakud, simmal ad yettiɣzif umecwar i d-yelḥa s wayen i d-yesnulfa. Bdiɣ tira n yisefra deg umdur n 15 n yiseggasen, ur rniɣ aṭas n lweqt bdiɣ ttaruɣ ula d tullisin d umezgun, mbeɛd yusa-yi-d lebɣi nniḍen d amaynut, yessebɣes-iyi ad aruɣ ungal. Ar tura ssufɣeɣ-d kan 2 n yidlisen: ammud n tmedyezt “Kemm deg-i” d wungal umi fkiɣ azwel n “Iḥulfan”. Ma d adlis wis kraḍ, neɣ ammud n tullisin “Tabrat”, werɛad i d-yeffeɣ ɣas ihegga. Ssarameɣ ur yettɛeṭṭil ara acku d win i nwiɣ ad d-ssufɣeɣ d amezwaru lemmer mačči d uguren n usiẓreg i d-nettmagar yal tikkelt i yi-yeǧǧan deg uraǧu ar ass-a. Adlis-iw amenzu n tmedyezt, ad naf daxel-is takemmict n yisefra yemgaraden deg yisental, gar-asen wid n tutlayt, Tamurt, ddunit, tayri, atg. Ḥemmleɣ ad ssefruɣ ɣef wayen ttwaliɣ iḍerru neɣ nettidir-it di zzman-a. Deg wungal Iḥulfan sqerdceɣ daɣen aṭas n yisental, ama n tayri, n twacult d tmussni. Maca ɣef taluft n temsirit i stuqqteɣ ugar awal.
Anda id tettaggem-ḍ tiktiwin-im d anwaten yemyura d temyura id tḥemmel-ḍ?
Yal tikkelt amek i yi-d-tettas tehregt i tira. Nekk ḥemmleɣ ad aruɣ mara ḥulfuɣ i wawalen ssawalen-iyi-d ad asen-geɣ amkan deg tewriqt, mara ttḥessiseɣ i yifyar i d-yeqqaren s taɣect n tehregt « aru-aɣ ». Smenyifeɣ ugar tasusmi mara bɣuɣ ad aruɣ acku imir-n i d-ttemlaleɣ tiktiwin.
Ayen yeɛnan imeskaren i smenyifeɣ, zemreɣ ad d-iniɣ mačči d yiwen neɣ d sin. Aṭas n yimura i yettgerrizen tira, i yettcebbiḥen awal, i beɣɣuɣ dima ad ɣreɣ idlisen-nsen. Maca tikwal qqareɣ ula d tira n yibujaden i d-yettlalen seg tikkelt ɣer tayeḍ. Win yessnen, yesɛa tirmit iban ur zeggleɣ taɣuri n wayen yettaru. Win i d-yebdan tikli-s yelha ad t-nɣer daɣen acku yesra i usebɣes iwakken ad yenjer abrid-is, ad yili azekka d amaru ameqqran ara d-yefken lfayda nniḍen i tutlayt-is d tsekla-s. Seg yimeskaren i ḥemmleɣ, ad d-bedreɣ acennay Meɛtub Lwennas.
Tira d tsekla s tutlayt taqbaylit d tin yennarnan isseggasen-a ineggura,maca gar tamsekta (quantité) d taɣaṛa(qualité) yella wemgarad?
Yella waya. Taggara-a yettnerni umḍan (nombre) n yidlisen n teqbaylit. Maca mara nwali acḥal i d-iteffɣen deg useggas, zemreɣ ad d-iniɣ drus i d-yettilin. Maca tasekla-nneɣ teḥwaj ugar n yimura d tmaruyin ara yesmeɣren leqdic fell-as. Yal mara d-ilal umaru, yettlal-d yid-s ubaɣur i tsekla taqbaylit.
Yal tutlayt ad naf g tsekla-s ayen yufraren d wayen ixussen. Ula g tsekla taqbaylit iban yella waya. Ihi ulayɣer ad nerr tamsalt-a d aɣilif. “Ass-a” d “azekka” mačči kifkif; yettili deg-sen umgarad d lebdil. Awi-d ukan ad ttekcamen wiyeḍ ɣer wannar n tira s tayri d lebɣi.
Di tagara awal af yisenfaṛen-im deg yimmal.
Skud aql-i ttraǧuɣ tuffɣa n wammud-iw n tullisin, mazal ur ttxemmimeɣ ɣef temsalt-a. Ahat mara d-yeffeɣ dayen, ad d-tthenniɣ seg tama-s, ad xemmeɣ ɣef usenfar amaynut, ad as-fkeɣ akud-is.
Tadiwennit sɣuṛ: Amar BENHAMOUCHE


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TAMURT TAQVAYLIT (SIWEL) — I Katiya Bengana, d tilemẓit taqvaylit, d tanelmadt di tesnawit, tesea ala 17 yiseggasen deg leemer-is mi tettwanɣa s ufus yisenselmen (les islamistes) ass 28/02/1994 di Blida anda tezdeɣ.
Katiya, ɣas akken ma tufa-d iman-is deg tmetti ur yettamnen ara s tiktiyin n wiyeḍ, teṭṭef deg uxemmem-is, tugi ad terr azaglu ɣef uqerru-is, tefren ad tili d tilellit, ad tels akken tebɣa, ad tidir tudert-is akken i as-yehwa mačči akken bɣan wiyeḍ.
S tmenɣiwt n Katiya, ur ntettu ara timenɣiwt n tnelmadt nniḍen Nabila Ǧeḥnin i yesean 30 yiseggasen deg tudert-is, wwin tarwiḥt-is yeedawen n tudert ass 15 furar 1995 di temdint n Tizi Wezzu.
Ayen yettuɣaḍen, d wiyi ineqqen i wumi d-isaḥ wawal ass-a !
Fawzi At Yexlef
SIWEL 272300 FEV 21


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Tura-tt : Asmaa Aouattah.
Wami i bdiɣ asafar, tiwlafin ila bbɣewrent-ay zdat n tiṭawin. Ibriden, tekka-dd x-sen tagguyt. Yallah ẓerreɣ lexyal n tewwura. Waxxa ammen, tiwwura-nni ssneɣ-tent, senhizzant-ay g wul taḥnint. Ugureɣ ar ijjten zeg-sent. Ssneɣ ila a din afeɣ ḥedd ssneɣ-t. Ndelfeɣ bezzaf n twalatin, g yijjten zeg-sent, wḍiɣ, inxeḍf-ay wul, zɣil-ay ɣliɣ. Ḥadiɣ tawwurt, sqerqbeɣ x-s, walu. S usteftef, ufiɣ tanebdat may qqimeɣ, ttraḥeɣ ttaseɣ-dd amexmi aqqa-y gi ḥayzuz. Ad ɣliɣ, ad ɣliɣ, ad ɣliɣ. Ur ɣliɣ ci, maca ɣliɣ gi jjib x tsenduqt n luqid. Ufiɣ g-s krumut, ssuffeɣ-tt s imeṭṭawen n lefraḥet. Qqimeɣ ttɛayareɣ ag nec. Ttmuttuyeɣ zi nec a nec, ijjt n twala ad rniɣ nec, ijjt n twala ad rniɣ nec. Ni nec ni nec icqa-aneɣ ad nerbeḥ. Min danɣ-dd-icqan? Min din nettegg?… Iṣuḍ-dd leɛwin, iwwi krumut ar wul n tagguyt, ur ufiɣ mizi ɣa ɛyarɣ ag nec. Mix kkreɣ ad ten-ḍefreɣ, iffeɣ-dd wergaz, ittɛna-ay bezzaf maca ur ssineɣ min. Inna-ay: kker deɣya aqa yemma-m tettraja a das-tawid ssuxert. Ttuɣ nniɣ-as mix ttxezzareɣ ar tburjwin ma ad dd-ssijjent qbel ma ad ugureɣ. Mays tekkint? Naɛima, Nadia, Karima, Rafiɛa, Samira? May telhint tejjint zzenqet texwa? Nec ugureɣ, ugureɣ, ugureɣ…
Mays ɣa kkeɣ? Mala kkiɣ zi zzenqet n uẓelmaḍ, a day-teṭṭf din temɣart-nni i umi ttɛawadeɣ tinfas n Sindibad, nettat tettɛawad-ay tinfas-ines, ur zemmreɣ, ad kid-s qqimeɣ din ar tudecca. Ad kkeɣ zi zzenqet n uẓelmaḍ, waxxa tbedd, tessaḥḥal, maca ad tt-awiɣ. Xelli d din, ɣer-i din ijjten ttemherwaḍeɣ akid-s, maca ad snɛmilɣ ur tt-ẓriɣ. Uliɣ, tagguyt tedwel d adrar d ijjen, ttwaliɣ taneqqidḍt d tazegzawt teggʷej, d tenni weḥḥd-s i day-isskanen abrid. Ttakiɣ amuk tessiɣ-ay-dd asɣun tjebd-ay ar ɣer-s. Takarrut mays dd-ssaɣeɣ pippa, ummm, lefwaḥ-in isdewwex-ay, irra-ay-dd ar tudert. Maca takarrut-nni tazegzawt texxwa, ur g-s telli limert n ci, izdeɣ-itt ɣir lefwaḥ n pippa. Zi ila ttaliɣ tsawent dewleɣ hewwiɣ taksart, iweḍḍer mays ɣa kkeɣ. Iweḍḍer-ay min rezzuɣ, mays tekkid a tamɣart mizeg rezzuɣ ad xennseɣ, mmel-ay mays ɣa kkeɣ. Taksart, tagguyt, ur ttwiliɣ ɣir tagguyt, iweḍḍer-ay min ɛniɣ, hewwiɣ ttesliɣ i teɣraɣayt n uɣennij issen-ay, d yidez n iḍaren ag tmurt, d usɣun-nni i day-issiwḍen ar takarrut tazegzawt ittali ihewwa zdat n tiṭṭawin-inu. Wami qellbeɣ ad nḍuɣ, wḍiɣ, ur ssineɣ may wḍiɣ.


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Tga tesniremt yat tmazzagt izerrwen ismawen n tɣawsiwin neɣ n tmiḍranin nna ttusemrasnin g kra n taɣult n tmesna d twuri-nnsen g tutlayt n tyuwnin tisnirmanin, ar tzerrew awed imukrisen n usuɣel, win ussurtey d ussentem nna qqennin ɣer usentel-a. Da nettini tasniremt awed i tegrumma n yirmawen, ttusenmelnin s usenɣed, nna izdin d kra n tussna, d kra n tetiknit, neɣ zdin d kra n taɣult iẓlin n umussu anefgan.
Da isenmal ulugen ISO 1087 tasniremt mas tga « azraw ussnan n iwengimen d yirmawen ttusemrasnin g tutlayin n tmazzagt ». S wawal n Eugen Wüster, yan g imesnulfa n tmazzagt-a, irem iga yat tyuwent emm sin wudmawen, yan illa dig-s yisem (g kra n tutlayt ayenna tra teg-t) ittgensasen yan uwengim (yat tyuwent emm tɣara tamiḍrant).
Tettgenses tesniremt g uzraw n ustay d uzraw n ussemres n yirmawen yamun g umawal n tmazzagt, nna s nɣey ad ten-naf g taɣulin-akk° n tmesna: Tasenselkimt, tajerrumt, tasnilest, tusnakt, Tafiluẓufit, tasnijjit, aẓawan... maca ɣyen ad ilin awed g tutlayt tagamant, ayenna ten-ittajjan ad ilin s yat tikkelt g yan ubanek n tesniremt, ɣef ttmagalen imesnirmen, ilin awed g mesmunawal n tutlayt issaren (tagamant), nna s ttmagalen imseknawalen. S umedya, irem tadabut yamu g tesniremt n ifetran maca yamu awed g tesniremt n tsenselkimt.