text:
Adlis-iw tmazi$ t tmazi$ Adlis-iw n tmazi$t
Aseggas wis
4
n Ulmud Alemmas
adlis-iw n tmazi$t
Imeskaren
- Muhub ËERRUC - Aeli LEWNIS - Remvan EACUR
Unu$en : BELQASEM ËÊasan akked Lwiza Lêusin Asmugen d umday : Massa Koual Ouahiba
Isem n temsiwt : MEBANI
Office National des Publications Scolaires ONPS
2006
MS: 1011 / 06 ISBN: 9947-20-467-7 ���� Dépôt légal 236 - 2006 �������� ������ ���
2010� 2011
adlis-iw n tmazi$t as÷ggas wis 4 n ulmud al÷mmas
TAZWART
Ha-t-an, ihi, temmed taffa. Annar, igar-d, la yetterwat. Leetab n waîas n yiseggasen d waîas n tsutwin, la iteffe$ $er tafat. Ivelli kan, alama yeôwa uselmad timêerêar ara d-yaf avris ara yesselmed. Ass-a, aql-a$ newwev $er udlis n Useggas wis Rebea n ulmud Alemmas. Di yal adlis, ama d wa, ama d wid i t-izwaren, llan yivrisen n t$uri, llan yirmad n tira, llant temsirin n tutlayt... ayagi, ad d-imel belli « win iteddun $ef tidet yessawav ». Adlis-agi, am wid i t-izwaren yebna $ef tesnedwelt s usenfar ; yegber timussniwin ara yefken i unelmad ayen swayes ara iqeîîeb ugar tal$iwin n yinaw. Isenfaren, llan sin: amezwaru, d tira n tullist; ma d wis sin d tas$unt tamugilt n yivrisen imesfukal. Xas akken yella uzraw n wullis deg yidlisen uqbel wa, nu$al $ur-s tikkelt niven. Ay$er? Tamezwarut, acku yella wayen yeenan ullis mazal ur yettwaxdem ara: tewwi-d ad yissin unelmad iberdan i yeîîafar unallas mi ara d-iêekku. Tis snat, tullist, tezmer ad d-teslal leêmala n t$uri $er unelmad. Tin yernan $ur-s, tullist d yiwet n tewsit n tsekla ara yilin d azeîîa gar tmacahut d wungal. Amek? Tal$a-s, am tin n tmacahut ur $ezzifet ara mliê, maca taêkayt-is maççi d tamakunt, tcuba $er tilawt am tin n wungal. Ma d asfukel, d tikkelt tamezwarut ara éren yinelmaden nne$ amek yeddes d wamek iteddu. Snat n tgezmin ideg yella usfukel: tamezwarut llan deg-s yivrisen at-snat n turdiwin ( turda d tmeglurda), tis snat d ivrisen ideg tella kan yiwet n turda. Di yal tagzemt, ad tafem: � Sin yivrisen n yiwen wanaw. � Amawal. � Tajerrumt: tamsirt d yilu$ma. � Taseftit: tamsirt d yilu$ma. � Tirawalt: tamsirt d yilu$ma. � Asefru. Asebter-nni « d nekk ara yarun » ideg ttilin yilu$ma n usenfali s tira, ulac-it tikkelt-a, maca yella urmud n ufares s tira, yeîîafar-d avris wis sin n tegzemt. Isefra i d-yeddan deg udlis-a, ahat, llan kra seg-sen d at-uswir yekkan cwiî nnig tezmert n yinelmaden. Si tama niven, di leemer-agi nsen, d inubiyen, d tinubiyin, ad êwioen kra n tirga d cwiî n yijeooigen, ur ten-nkebbel ara kan di tmedyazt n umennu$. £ef waya, yezmer uselmad ad d-yefren isefra niven ma yeb$a. Acku ilaq ad tawev tutlayt-agi nne$ ad tekcem $er akk ta$ulin n tudert. Ad nekkes yir tannumi i as-id-yerran leêdada d amnaô. Ad tfel akkin i yifergan i as-id-gan leqrun.
Imeskaren
AGBUR
Asenfar Agatu Tagzemt
sb :8
Ivrisen
- Tamettant n umeddakkel
1
- Tu$alin sb :14 Asefru: D acu-tt ? D acu-tt? sb : 16 - Meqqran, teçça-t tizi sb :18 - Aêeddad n Lqalus sb :24 Asefru: Aêeddad n Lqalus
sb :26
2 01
Tira n tullist tameéyant
Sb : 05
3 4 5
- Tigzirt n Tafukt sb :28 - Gelden sb :34 Asefru: Asmi sb :36 Inebgi n tmara sb :38 - Amnafeq sb :44 Asefru: Ëmed Umerri sb :46 - Ya$mur yeb$a ad yesqirr Ireg sb :48 - Ireg yexdee sb :54 Asefru: Din-din sb :56 - Mi d-yu$al Gelden sb :58 - Nnif aseîîaf sb :64 Asefru: Ameêbus-iw sb :66 - Yuker, êedre$; yeggul, umne$ sb :70 - Tifina$ sb :76 Asefru: Imazi$en sb :79 - Öadyu d yidlisen sb :80 - Tira d umaru sb :86 Asefru: Abernus amellal
sb :88
6 7 02
Sb : 61
8
AGBUR
Iferdisen n tutlayt
Tajerrumt : Addad : tal$a d twuri sb :11 Taseftit : Aswa$ sb :12 Tirawalt : Tamsertit : d+t (d taqcict) d+t( d tmellalt) sb :13 Tajerrumt : Imattaren sb :21 Taseftit : Attwa$ sb :22 Tirawalt: Tamsertit : ad d-t [ ad d-awi] [ a d-yas…] sb :23
Afares s tira
Afares n uvris anda anallas ad yili d agensay
Aktazal
Afares n uvris anda anallas ad yili d az$aray
Tajerrumt: Anammal n usentel sb :30 Beddu n usenfar : Taseftit : Amya$ sb :31 Tira n tegnit Tirawalt: Tamsertit : tamezwarut n n+w -n+y tullist n + r / l / f sb :32 Tajerrumt:Tibawt sb :41 Afares n uvris s Taseftit: Tal$a tasuddimt tuddist sb :42 tguri n udiwenni Tirawalt: Tamsertit :deg / $ef / $er … + isem sb :43 Tajerrumt:Tafyirt tumyigt sb :51 Taseftit: Azalen n wurmir s « ad » sb :52 Tirawalt: Tizdit : isem d uwsil-is sb :53 Afares n wullis s tguri n tigawin d ukras n taluft
Ad ktazle$ iman-iw
sb : 60
Tajerrumt: Asemgired gar t$uni d usagel (mi ulac tis$unin) sb :61 Afares n taggara n Taseftit: Izri yezwaren sb :62 tullist Tirawalt: Tizdit : amyag d uwsil-is + tizel$iwin n tnila sb :63 Afares n uvris Tajerrumt: Tis$unin n usagel sb :73 imesfukel ideg Taseftit: Imal yezwaren sb :74 ara tili turda d Tirawalt: Tizdit gar tenze$t d uwsil-is sb :75 tmeglurda Tajerrumt: Tis$unin n t$uni sb :83 Taseftit: Tafelwit n tseftit sb :84 Tirawalt: Tizdit sb :85 Afares n uvris imesfukel ideg ad ilint turdiwin
Ad ktazle$ iman-iw
Sb : 80
Asenfar 1
Tira n tullist tameéyant i useb$er n temkarvit n u$erbaz. Tigezmin n usenfar: 1. Tira n uvris ullis ideg anallas d az$aray. 2. Tira n uvris ullis ideg anallas d agensay. 3. Tira n tegnit tamezwarut n tullist 4. Tira n tigawin d udiwenni di tullist. 5. Tira n tmukrist di tullist. 6. Tira n taggara n tullist Tagzemt Asefled/ta$uri n yivrisen Avris: Tamettant n umeddakkel sb : 8 - Tu$alin sb :14 Asefru: d acu-tt ? D acu-tt?sb :16
sb :18
Igburen n tutlayt
Afares s tira
Tajerrumt: addad: tal$a d twuri sb :11 Taseftit: aswa$ sb :12 Afares n uvris Tirawalt: tamsertit: anda anallas d+t (d taqcict) ad yili d d+t( d tmellalt) sb :13 agensay Afares n uvris anda anallas ad yili d az$aray Beddu n usenfar : Tira n tegnit tamezwarut n tullist
Asenfar 1u
- Meqqran, teçça-t tizi Tajerrumt: imattaren sb :21 Taseftit: attwa$ sb :22 - Aêeddad n Lqalus sb : Tirawalt: tamsertit: 24 ad d-t [ ad d-awi] Asefru: Aêeddad n [ a d-yas…] sb :23 Lqalus sb :26 Tajerrumt: anammal n usentel sb :30 Taseftit: amya$ sb :31 - Tigzirt n Tafukt sb :28 Tirawalt: tamsertit : - Gelden sb :34 n+w Asefru: Asmi sb :36 n+y n + r / l / f sb :32
Tajerrumt:tibawt sb :41 - Inebgi n tmara sb :38 Taseftit:Tal$a tasuddimt tuddist sb :42 Afares n uvris Asefru: Ëmed Umerri Tirawalt: tamsertit :deg / $ef / $er … + s tguri n sb :46 udiwenni isem sb :43 - Ya$mur yeb$a ad yesqirr Ireg sb :48 - Ireg yexdee sb :54 Asefru: Din-din sb :56 Tajerrumt: tafyirt sb :51 Taseftit: Azalen n wurmir s « ad » Afares n wullis s tguri sb :52 n tigawin d Tirawalt: tizdit : isem d uwsil-is sb :53 ukras n taluft
- Mi d-yu$al Gelden Tajerrumt: asemgired gar t$uni d Afares sb :58 usagel sb :61 n taggara n - Nnif aseîîaf sb :64 Taseftit: Izri yezwaren sb :62 tullist Asefru: Ameêbus-iw Tirawalt: tizdit : amyag d uwsil-is + sb :66 tizel$iwin n tnila sb :63
Nuéa nekk d umejjay-nni $er tzeqqa ideg yella Muê. Afrag yeççur d imdanen, zedren di tsusmi. Sin ne$ tlata kan i d-irefden s wallen walan-d amejjay mi yezri. Yenna-yi-d Mass Nikuzya : « Waqila dayen lamana tewwev bab-is”. £er tama n wussu i$ef yevleq Muê; baba, yessader i ta$ect-is, yettcehhid-as . Yemma teqqim $er tama-s, ivudan-is tturaren s teeqqucin n ttesbiê. Ma d Eezzi, tameîîut-iw, tesnexfat kan. Baba, isnemmer aîas amejjay-nni. Yu$al yezzi-d $ur-i : « Ad teeddiv ad teççev imekli keçç d umejjay, imir ad iddu yid-s umeksa-ina amecîuê. Ma d keçç ha-t-an userdun, îîef abrid-ik $er At-Buwaddu, ad d-tawiv yemma-s n Muê. Meqqar ma dagi ara yemvel, ad téer mmi-s tikkelt taneggarut.”
Mulud MEEMMRI : Tawrirt ittwattun; d tasuqilt
Ad nnadi $ef unamek n uvris
å Acu-t wanaw n uvris-agi ? ç Acu i t-id-yemmalen ? é Anallas n uvris-a, d awadem ne$ xaîi ? è Acu i iruê ad d-yawi Meqran i Muê ? ê Acu$er si lebeid i as-t-id-wwin yerna armi icax deg-s waîîan ? ë Melmi tevra tedyant-agi ? í Acu i d-yemmal yisem n umejjay Nikuzya ? ì Acu$er yugi ad d-yeddu umejjay di tazwara ? î Ayen qqimen yiberdan n taddart d ilmawen ? ï Acu n tenfaliyin i d-yesskanen takat n Meqran teêzen ?
11
Suffe$-d si tseddart taneggarut awalen ne$ tifyar i d-yesskanen leêzen n takat n Meqran $ef tmettant n Muê. Acu i d anamek n tefyirt : ass-nni i as-teççur i umeddakkel-iw Muê ? Nadi deg uvris tekksev-d tafyirt niven yesean anamek aluman ?
12 13
11
Tajerrumt
£er imedyaten-a
Addad n yisem : tal$a d twuri
5. Allen-is qqersent seg 6. Tezde$-it tsusmi 7. Ha-t-an userdun.
1. Yudef-it waîîan. 2. Yugi umejjay ad d-iddu. 3. S kra i d-nelêa deg ubrid netta yezxuxem kan. 4. Yettgesmumuv $ef tewwurt.
� �• �• �
yimeîîi.
D acu-ten wawalen-ina yuran s uzegga$ ? D acu-t waddad n yal yiwen, d ilelli ne$ d amaruz ? D acu i d-yeskanen addad n yal yiwen? Af-d addad ilelli n yal yiwen tiniv-d amek yule$ waddad amaruz ines. D acu i d tawuri n yal yiwen deg yismawen yettuderren?
]
�
Ad cfu$
Isem yesea sin waddaden : addad ilelli (md : axxam) d waddad amaruz ( md : uxxam). Amek yettale$ umaruz ? Yettale$ : � S ubeddel n [a] s [u] : abrid ubrid ( xas ma neqqar-d webrid) � S tmerna n [w] : awal ® � S tmerna n [y] : iles ® yiles, wawal, udem ® wudem. imensi ® yimensi (deg umeslay ulac amaruz n yimensi). ® tmeîîut, tamurt ® tmurt.
� S u$elluy n te$ri tamezwarut : tameîîut
� S ubeddel n te$ri [a] ne$ [i] s [e] : taqcict ® teqcict, tislatin ® teslatin. �����Gret tamawt: 1. Llan yismawen ideg ur d-yettban ara waddad amaruz : wid ibeddun s tergalt ( fad, laé, beîîu, loib, lqima…) , kra n wuntiyen iwezzlanen : (tama, tala, timmi, tasa…) 2. Ad nettaru : yirgazen, yimdanen xas neqqar-d yergazen, yemdanen. Melmi yettili yisem d amaruz ? Isem yettili d amaruz mi ara yili d asemmad imsegzi, ama d asemmad n umeskar : (yedda uqcic), ama d asemmad n use$ru arumyig ( d uêric uqcic-a). Yettili da$ d amaruz mi ara yevfer tanze$t ama d asemmad s tenze$t ( iffe$ $er uza$ar) ama d asemmad n yisem (yewwi tasarut n tewwurt).
Ilu$ma
Af-d anwa i d ilelli anwa i d amaruz deg yismawen-agi: udrar, adfel, ubruri, wuccen, tefsut, tasga, tagrest, tmeddit, izem, yidles.
1
Efk-d amaruz n yal yiwen deg yismawen-a, tiniv-d amek yule$: afus, amdan, tamtunt, i$isi, im$aren, tafawet.
2 3
Af-d tawuri n yal awal yettuderren :
� �
Iwwet-d ubruri, yessa-d i udfel. Yerza $er wayla-s, yufa-d timellalin n tsekkurt.
13
Tirawalt
£er imedyaten-a
1. 2. 3.
Tamsertit: d + t
Tedda d tislit, ilindi. Tedda d teslit, ilindi. Tekker gar tem$art d teslit
� � � �
Anida yemgarad ususru $ef tira di tefyar-a ? Amek i as-neqqar i « d » yellan di yal yiwet di tefyar-a ? Anwa addad ideg llan yismawen ivefren « d » di yal tafyirt ? Limer d isem amalay i d-ivefren « d » : Yeqqim d argaz. Yeqqim d urgaz.
�
Yella kra n wugur di lmenîeq ? D acu, ihi, i d ssebba n yimesli[tt]?
]
�
Ad cfu$
Mi ara yemlil « d » (ama d « d » n tilawt « amedya 1u », ama d tanze$t « amedya wis 2 », ama d tas$unt n tuqqna « amedya wis 3 ») akked yisem unti ibeddun s « t », itteffe$-d yimesli [tt], d aya i wumi neqqar tamsertit. Maca xas tella temsertit deg umeslay, di tira ulac-itt, yal asekkil ad ittwaru weêd-s. Gret tamawt : 1. « d » n tilawt iîîafar-it waddad ilelli ( d axxam, d taddart) 2. « d » mi ara yili d tas$unt ne$ d tanze$t yeîîafar-itent waddad amaruz. 3. « d » d tas$unt ma teqqen isem $er yisem niven ( ageffur d ubruri), d tanze$t ma teqqen asemmad $er umyag ( yedda d warrac).
Ilu$ma
1 Di tefyar i d-iteddun, derrer « d » n tilawt, s yiwen n ujerriv, derrer tas$unt n t$uni « d » s sin yijerriven, rnu « d » tanze$t, s tlata yijerriven .
�• � � � � �•
Lxir d uzzal, ccer d uffal. Lxir d ccer d atmaten. Ur keccem ara gar yiccer d uksum. Yedda d yimeddukkal-is $er unnar n wurar. Yeçça a$rum d wudi. Yedda d t$ezza iseggxen. D taqettunt i irennun $er taffa. D kemm i d tigejdit, d tasedda n Tefriqt i Yimazi$en d asirem. Di tze$wa n zik-nni yettili uddaynin d tkanna. Tusa-d si tmazirt, teççur-d taqecwalt d tiéurin d tbexsisin.
2
Tazabut
� � � �
15
m
Ad nnadi $ef unamek n uvris
å ç é è ê ë í ì î ï
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Acu-t wanaw n uvris-agi ? Acu i t-id-yemmalen ? Anallas, d awadem ne$ ala ? Yettikki di tedyant ne$ ala ? Anda yettidir umdan-agi ? Anta i d tamurt-is ? Acu$er ur t-eqilen ara yimdanen i d-imuggar deg ubrid ? Ayen yekcem s afrag $ef yixef n tfednin am umakar ? Amek i iêulfa i leêyuv d isemmaven ? Lêara anda yezde$ texla, anda rran yimezda$-is ? Acu$er yeggumma ad iqerreb ? Acimi yettna$ urgaz-agi d yiman-is, ma ad yekcem ne$ ala ? Acu n tenfaliyin i d-yemmalen aya ? Ayen i yessetêa ad yessiwel i yat uxxam ? D acu i t-iseewqen ? Acu$er i iêulfa i yiman-is d aberrani ? Ay$er yeggumma ad inamer ôôay-is akken ad yekcem s axxam nsen ? Acu i d-isuven deg uqerruy-is armi yu$al mebla ma yeéra imawlan-is ? Yelha wamek i tt-yefra ne$ ala ? Acu$er ?
]
Ad cfu$
Win i d-iêekkun (anallas) yezmer ad yili d awadem, ad d-iêku ayen yeéra. Aîas n tmitar i t-id-yemmalen: imataren ...... $, ne$ n ........ , imqimen iwsilen ...... iw (inu), .... nne$,
Asenfali s tira
Kemmel-as i tedyant n uvris-a, anallas ur yettikki ara deg uvris, maççi d awadem. Sugend a$rib-nni mi iteddu deg ubrid, yewwev $er ubadad (arrêt) n taddart, îîlam ye$li-d, ulac amesni.
17
Ad nnadi $ef unamek n uvris
å Ma nkenna asefru-a $er tewsatin niven n tsekla akka am yinzan, tiqennaé,
anta tawsit u$ur yettemcabi?
ç Deg wacu i as-tettemcabi? é £ef wacu i d-yewwi awal umedyaz deg usefru-agi? è £er wacu i icuba ayen i$ef i d-yewwi awal? ê Deg wacu tettemcabi teméi $er tjeooigt akked tmes? ë Suffe$-d aktawal n tmes seg uvris. í Acu yeb$a ad t-id-imel yis-s umeskar? ì Amek yettwali imdanen-agi? î Acu$er
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
yettwali yileméi imdanen am yizan ?
ï «Anwa ur nettru fell-as»: $ef wacu ttrun?
Acu$er ttrun fell-as? Melmi ttrun fell-as? Acu tnumek tefyirt « ukin-d fuden ur swin » ? Acu n wawalen swayes i nezmer ad nessenfel amyag « ukin-d » di tefyirt-agi ? Amek-itt tmes yu$en deg yixeclawen ? Ayen i tt-yesserwes $er wayen-nni ? Acu neîîafar s tmu$li ? Acu i a$-d-yessken umedyaz deg tefyirt-agi ? Acu n tmeddit i$ef d-yemmeslay umedyaz dagi?
19
Tagzemt tis
& Avris
Anallas az$aray
2
Meqran, teçça-t tizi
�����£as akken d adfel, Meqran yeb$a ad yawev $er taddart-is. Imi abrid n ukerrus yergel, yedhem si Tizi n Kwilal.
Akken kan yers cwiî wavu, yebda-d udfel d tilezda timexva. £ellint-d sdat wallen-is amzun d iferîeîîa. Isebbaven-is, ttaklen ibeeeayen d udfel, ttijjiqen amzun akken qqaren-asid : «Ffel akkin i tizi ». Deg yiwet n tegnit, kra din yu$al d amellal, amzun d ulman imellalen i yessan $ef wakal, yal lxiv sani yerra.Tilezda-nni n udfel, uqbel ad d-awvent $er wakal, ttgent-d unu$en d ifulkayen ; ma d ibruyen n ubruri $ellin-d srid $er wakal. Meqran, iêulfa amzun d kra i as-yennven . Yezzu$ur ivarren-is amzun akken ttwarzen. Mi yewwev $er tizi, adfel yu$ lêal isenna-tt akken ilaq. Iîij akked lêamu-s yeffer-iten usigna. Si tizi, Meqran iwala flalint-d tuddar sdat wallen-is. Uread yewwiv udfel $ur-sent. Am warezg nsen wid yellan deg yixxamen nsen, beeden $ef teeooaot yekkren di tizi. Avu, yettseffir di tizi. Itezzi am tnifift armi yettel Meqqran deg ubernus-is. Ur d-yekkis ara iman-is armi i as-yenna i Rebbi « D acu i ak-xedme$ ? » Yerra nnefs armi ççurent turin-is. Deg ubrid yettawin d akessar $er leerc-is, yal iciqer fell-as taddart, ulac tin yewwev udfel. Iwala abbu itteffe$-d seg yixxamen. Xas mazal ur yewwiv ara udfel $ursen, asemmiv-is yewwev-iten. D argaz ne$ d tameîîut, ad ilin d tama n lkanun. Ulac ayen yifen i$imi $er lkanun mi d-iteddu udfel . Ad d-heggin ayen ilaqen : timéin, irden, alim, zzit, aser$u… Izgaren, ad ten-qqnen deg uddaynin. Ad stummnen i talwit, ad suggmen ar d-yelhu lêal. Akken kan ara d-$lint tmeççimin timezwura n udfel ad ff$en $er yizenqan yigardan ad uraren, ad cennun : A Rebbi efk-d ameççim :
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Ad neçç, ad neqqim, Ad nefk i yizgaren alim. Meqran, yeqqar-as deg wul-is : « Am warezg nsen ukessar-ina di tuddar ! » Yessugen-d times tu$ deg user$u ; deg yiv, imdanen zzin-d i lkanun, ttmeslayen : « yenna wagu, yenna wavu ». Yeb$a ad tfakk fell-as lmerta ideg yella, ad d-yaf iman-is gar-asen, ad yexmet di te$mert, ad as-yekkes usgar-nni ihebbjen di tfekka-s. Yeb$a da$en ur isell ara i ta$ect-nni i as-id-yettawi wavu ; tikwal, isell-as tettinéi gar yiéra ; tikwal, amzun tremmeg-d fell-as ; tikwal, ur as-isell ara mliê, yettagar-itt lêess n yisebbaven $ef udfel. Tettsu$u-d ta$ect-nni, teqqar-as-id : « Nekk d tameîîut-ik ». Yeb$a ad d-yaf iman-is yettemriri$ deg uxxam. Yerfed aqerruy-is, iêulfa-as yewzen aqenîar, imuqel, tikkelt niven, tuddar ideg llan wid yufan iman nsen deg yixxamen nsen, teflali-as-id Tesga $ef yiwet n tewrirt, ur yegmin fell-as. Qrib ur tt-yeeqil ara. Yeldi i$allenis, igar ti$ri : « A Eezziiii » Maca ur yesli ara i unina n ta$ect-is. Zi$, imi-s yeqqujjer seg usemmiv, ur yelli kra i dyeff$en seg-s. Tafekka-s teqqur akk. Ti$ri-s tezder di tsusmi n temlel. Sya $er da yettsuvu-d wavu, yesviqiy-as nnefs, yettruéu tasusmi-nni. Alama i$umm imi-s s ucvav n ubernus-is i yessawav ad yerr nnefs.
Mulud MEEMMRI, si Tawrirt yettwattun. Tasuqilt : R. E
Ad nnadi $ef unamek n uvris
å Acu-t wanaw n uvris-agi? ç Acu i t-id-yemmalen? é Anallas, d awadem deg uvris ne$ ala? è Anta tasemhuyt ideg tevra tedyant-agi ? Acu i tt-id-yesskanen ? ê Anda yeb$a ad iruê Meqran ? ë Acu$er yeggumma ad yelêu ? í Acu yessarem Meqran mi yewwev $er Tizi n Kwilal ? ì Acimi, zik-nni, medden, ttaggaden adfel ? î Acu$er igardan êemmlen adfel ? ï Acu$er d ta$ect n tmeîîut-is kan i wumi isell ?
Acu$er yettargu times d yi$imi sdat lkanun ? 12 Acu$er i as-id-yewwi Rebbi isell i ta$ect n tmeîîut-is ? 13 Di taggara, Meqran yettna$ d sin wuguren : acu-ten wuguren-agi ? 14 Acu$er yuggad Meqran tagnit deg i d-ye$li?
11
Afares s tira
Meqran, asav n Tewrirt Yettwattun, yeb$a ad yu$al $er tmeîîut-is yellan di Tesga. Maca iberdan yettawin $er taddart-is reglen s udfel. Mi d-yebda udfel, Meqran yu$-it lêal di Tizi n Kwilal, $ef tiggit n Jerjer. Sugen-d amek ara tevru yid-s di taggara.
21
Amawal
ers yesea sin yismawen n tigawt : timersiwt akked tarusi. Ha-ten-a kra n yimyagen yesean asala$ am ers, wali amek yettale$ yisem n tigawt nsen, ma am timersiwt ne$ am tarusi : del, gen, éer, mel, sel, en$, els, gar, eré.
1. Amyag 2.
Wali ma yella wassa$ anamkay gar wawalen yuran s uzuran :
� � �
Adfel isenna-tt. Yessemnenni iferrugen di îîerêa. Amnay yettna$ s-ufella n ueudiw.
3. Af-d
anwa amyag ukkud yecrek aéar yal isem. Amedya : tanezdu$t zde$.
� � � � �
Avu Ulman Aser$u Ibruyen Abruri
.................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
�
4.
Suffe$-d seg umyag ttel, isem n tigawt akked yisem akmam. Amedya: seg umyag zdem ad d-nessuffe$ isem n tigawt azdam akked yisem akmam tazdemt. Suffe$-d seg uvris aktawal n tegrest ( awalen yeqqnen $er tegrest).
5. 6.
a- Af-d deg uvris aknaw n wawal tilezda. b- Melmi i qqaren medden tanfalit-a: yerra tilezda i yimeééu$en-is. Fren yiwet:
� �
Mi yeseuééeg walebeav, yugi ad isel i kra, ur t-yeqbil ara. Mi ara d-yewwet udfel $ef walebeav, ur i$umm ara imeééu$en-is. D ûûut n te$ri mi ara d-yettu$al deg umkan yettawin ûûut . Senfel s yiknawen awalen yettuderren Yezzu$ur ivarren-is am wakken ttwarzen. Ad suggmen ar d-yelhu lêal. Times tu$ deg user$u. Ad yexmet di te$mert. Ur yegmin ara fell-as.
7.
Af-d deg uvris awal i wumi twulem tbadut-a :
�
8.
�• � � �• �
22
Tajerrumt Imattaren
£er tafyirt-a
- Acu te$ram ivelli?
1. D acu-t wanaw n tefyirt-agi? 2. Acu i t-id-Yemmalen? 3. Anwa awal swayes tebda? 4. Acu i d-yemmal wawal swayes 5. Amek i as-neqqar?
tebda?
]
Ad cfu$
Llant snat n tefyar timattarin 1- yiwet s umattar Md: Anwa argaz i d-yusan ? 2-tayev mebla amattar. Md: ad tedduv azekka? Amattar yezmer ad d-yas weêd-s di tazwara n tefyirt. Md: Acu teççiv? Ne$ ad t-idtezwir « d » n tilawt. D acu i d-yewwi ? ne$ tanze$t « n » . N wacu-ten yidrimen-a ? Asesten yezmer ad d-yawi : - $ef wadeg: - anda yezde$ ? - $ef wakud: - melmi ara d-yawev ? - $ef t$ara: - amek iga ? - $ef tnekta: - acêal n yidlisen i te$riv ? Ha- ten-i kra n yimattaren : anwa, anta, anwi, anti, acu, anda, melmi, sani, ay$er, acu$ef, acu$er, acimi, ukud, swayes, u$ur, amek ...
Ilu$ma
1
Err amattar iwatan deg yilmawen.
� �
Amek , anda, acêal, ayen, sani, anwa, acu, anta, …… iga uxxam-ina daxel …… i d-yusan $ur-wen ivelli ? ara tensev ? ……. ur d-tusiv ara $er tme$ra n gma-k ? ……. i t-yu$en ugrud-ina mi la yettru ? …….. i d tamurt-ik ? …….. i d azal n tkerrust-ina ? …….. i terriv ?
�……. � � � � �
2
Semres imattaren-agi di tefyar.
Acu, amek, anwa, anti, acu$er, u$ur, ayen, ukud. Aql-ik d amsaltu. Efk-d 8 n yisestanen, i unehhar n tkerrust ixedmen tawa$it deg ubrid, $ef lekwa$ev, arured, ideg, tazwara, atg. Semres imattaren iwatan.
3
23
Tirawalt
£er tafyirt-a
Tamsertit: ad d-t
- Mi d-twalam $er îîaq ajajiê n tmes, azzlet-d.
1. Amek 2. Amek 3. D acu
i d-ne$ra amyag yettuderren? i t-nura ? ur d-neddi ara di lmenÎÎÈîeq, yella di tira?
]
Ad cfu$
Mi d-temlal tzel$a n tnila « d » d umatar udmawan « t » n wudem wis 2 n wunti n wasuf ne$ win n wudem wis 2 n usget i$elli umatar-agi deg ususru maca tewwi-d ad t-nerr di tira Md: - Mi d-tusa[mi d-usa]yemma-s, yessawel-a$-d. - Akken kan i d-ters, [i d-ers] tuffeg.
Ilu$ma
Ales tira i uvris-agi terrev imyagen $er wudem wis 2 unti asuf . Mi d-uli$ $er taddart win i yi-d-imuggren ad izul fell-i d$a ad yi-d-yessuter axeddim ne$ ma zemre$ ad as-rre$ mmi-s $er lakul.
1 2
Tazabut (aselmad ad d-i$er avris s temsertit)
�• � � � �
Mi ara d-tasev $er taddart, ad ten-id-tawiv yid-m. Ad d-tekkrev ad twaliv, ad tazzlev ad d-tawiv, ad tqimev ulac. Azekka ad d-tas ad d-tini ayen twala. Mi d-teldi imi-s, ad d-teffe$ twizet. Akken kan i d-temmeslay, eeqqlen-tt d tteryel, rewlen.
3
Aru-d 5 n tefyar anda ara d-terrev « ad d- t »
25
At Mraw akked At Eôus; Aql-i la neooôe$ azduz, Ay At Öebbi get-as afus. Tu$al s axxam, yenna-as urgaz-is: « Acu i d am-d-yenna ? ». Teêka-as, teawed-as ifyar i d as-d-yenna uêeddad. Yenna-as: « tettakkev awal i bu-tergin ! ». Tama n Lqalus, tella yiwet n taddart temseedaw yid-sen, wwven armi qrib i tt-xlan. Iôuê yiwen wass uêeddad $er yimvebbren n taddart-nni, yenna-asen: « Ayen yevran yid-i teéram-t. Tura ma teb$am, ad awen-ssenze$ taddart, ad tt-texlum ». Nnan-as: « Amek ? ». Yenna-asen: « Ilaq taeessastnwen yal iv ad n-tqaree axxam-iw, mi n-twalam $er îîaq ajajiê n tmes, azzlet-n ». Yiwen yiv, avu la yessafag iqremyad, medden akk îîsen. Aêeddad yekker, yebdad i taddart seg yixef. Axxam i$ef ieedda isekkweô-as tawwurt seg beôôa. Yuli $er teerict n uxxam-is, yeddem-d tadla n yi$lel, yessa$-itt, yeseedda-tt-id si îîaq. Iedawen walan-d ajajiê mbeeeid, uzzlen-d s leslaê, zzin-d i taddart si yal idis, mekknen-as times. Tendeh armi tewwev s ixxamen imezwura n taddart. Leeyav yekker, win yemm$en $ef tmegêelt, ad iôuê ad d-yeldi tawwurt, yaf-itt tsekkweô si beôôa. A-t-a wakken texla taddart n Lqalus. Mulud MEEMMRI Seg :Isefra n teqbaylit iqburen, sb 166, 168,170.
Ad nnadi $ef unamek n uvris
å Acu-t wanaw n uvris-agi ? ç D acu i t-id-yemmalen ? é Anallas, d awadem deg uvris ne$ ala? è Anda tevra tedyant ? ê Melmi tevra ? ë D acu i as-yevran i uêeddad ? í Ay$er i as-yewwi umesbaîli tameîîut-is ? ì Amek i yedder uÊêeddad tadyant-agi ? î Amek i d-yerra ttaô ? ï Anwa i t-ieawnen ?
11
Acu-ten wafrayen nwen $ef wayen yevran d uêeddad ? 12 Suffe$-d seg uvris, awalen ne$ tifyar i d-yeskanen aêeddad yennu$ni . 13 Acu n uzduz i$ef d-yettmeslay uêeddad deg usefru ines ? 14 Yessemres azduz i$ef i d-yemmeslay ne$ ala?
Afares s tira
Ise$, tirrugza akked lêerma îîfen azal meqqren di tmetti n at zik. Maca di taddart n Lqalus yiwet si tuddar n Leqbayel, s ufus n kra n yieerraven tettwakkes lêerma i uêeddad n taddart: s cchada n ééur kksen-as tameîîut-is, yu$-itt yiwen, sugnet-d tifrat niven i teêkayt-a .
27
Amawal
1.
Kemmel ismawen niven Agafa
.................... .................... ....................
2. Af-d
� �
seg uvris awalen iwatan i tbadutin-a :
D iberdan n uvar. D taqabact n leqvie. tafyirt n wadar amezwaru qqen-itt $er unamek-is. Tafyirt Anamek-is - Yeqqen snesla di tmegrevt-is Yen$a bnadem - Yettwalas di tmegrevt ieelleq snesla
3. Yal
4.
Tiégi yu$en d: a-) D tiégi ideg im$an d yisekla d imexva. b-) D tiégi yeççuren.
Awalen yettuderren di tefyar i d-iteddun kkan-d si tefransist, nessexdam-iten mi ara nettmeslay, maca llan s tmazi$t ; af-iten-id seg uvris
5.
�� Yewwev-d �
dija $er da.
Yeçça a$rum d ufeômaj.
6.
Qqen yal awal n wadar amezwaru d wawal i as-iwulmen deg wadar wis sin Aqvar Tajlibt Lferg Aglaf Tizizwa Ifrax Izgaren Izamaren
7. Amyag
« ddu » d aknaw n umyag « lêu » ; wiss kan ma ulac anda mgaraden ? Hatent-a tefyar, af-d anida i tzemrev ad ten-tesxedmev di sin akked wanda i tzemrev ad tesxedmev yiwen, wayev xaîi.
……………
� � � � �
armi yewwev s axxam.
Ur teîîis ara ssaea-a, …………… akken ilaq. Yal ass n loemea, …………… akked baba-s $er ssuq. Têemmel-it yemma-s, …………… -as di leb$i.
Mi ara tturaren yilmeéyen n Leqbayel di Tizi-Uzzu d walebeav n trebbae, iban ukkud …………… wul-iw.
8.
Taqnuét : jebde$ amrar yenhezz udrar. D acu-tt ? d acu-tt ?
31
Tajerrumt
£er imedyaten-a
Isem anammal n usentel
1. Yebna-asen urgaz axxam i warraw-is. 2. Argaz, yebna-asen axxam i warraw-is. 3. Axxam, yebna-asen-t urgaz i warraw-is. 4. Arraw-is, yebna-asen urgaz axxam. 5. Arraw-is, axxam, yebna-asen-t urgaz. 6. Argaz, arraw-is, yebna-asen axxam.
� � � �
Af-d ul n tefyirt tamezwarut, meêsub tafyirt taddayt : ayen ur nezmir ad ittwakkes. D acu-ten wawalen-ina i d-yernan $er umyag (ul n tefyirt) ? Serwes tafyirt tamezwarut $er tiyav. D acu i ibeddlen ? I deg unamek beddlent kra ne$ ala ? ( xas ulama cwiî mavi). Acu$er i zwaren yismawen-ina ? d acu i d-mmalen?
]
�
Ad cfu$
Anammal n usentel d isem (ne$ ahat sin) ilelli i d-yezgan di tazwara n tefyirt uqbel amyag. D isem-a i a$-id-yemmalen asentel n tefyirt. Win yettmeslayen yemmal-d s uéawan n ta$ect-is belli isem anammal n usentel yesea azal meqqren deg unamek n tefyirt : imensi, # yeçça. Tettili da$en tesgunfut gar unammal n usentel d yiêricen niven n tefyirt. Di tira, tasgunfut-a, nemmal-itt-id s tefrayt
Ilu$ma
1
Af-d inammalen n usentel yellan di tefyar-agi .
� � �• � �• �• �
Inebgi, yeçça imensi. Yeçça yinebgi imensi. Imensi, inebgi, yeçça. Aéru, yettawi-t-id netta. Atmaten-is, u$alen-d $er tmurt. Akal, fergen-t akk. Tameddakkelt-is, yuzen-as tijeooigin.
2
Ha-tent-a tefyar d timagnuyin, err-itent d tifyar ideg ara yili unammal n usentel.
� � � �
Ff$en yirgazen $er lexla. Ur as-ttgen ara azal i tmussni. Yugar-ik umeddakkel-ik leemer. Inoer ufellaê tiregwa i yisekla-s.
32
Tirawalt
£er imedyaten-a
1. 2.
Tamsertit : tanze$t « n » + isem
Tiddukkla nsent, tekkat $ef yizerfan n tmeîîut. Ini-asen, ay afrux, i yiêeddaden n wawal. 3. Di temeemmert i ye$ra awal n Rebbi. 4. Merri$it waman n lebêer. 5. Aelay, ay aéru, ad wali$ tamurt n baba d yemma. 6. Ur telhi ara te$zi n yiles. 7. Yedda netta d warraw n Malêa. 8. Tagi d taqsivt n uêeddad yesser$en taddart.
� � �
Af-d anida tella tenze$t « n ». Serwes gar lmenîeq d tira.
D tanze$t « n » i yessertayen imesli amezwaru n yisem ne$ d imesli-nni amezwaru i tt-yessertayen ?
]
�
I deg umedya aneggaru, d acu i t-id-yeîîafaren?
Ad cfu$
Mi ara temlil tenze$t « n » d kra n yimesla n yismawen i d-irennun $ur-s, ttemyexlaven, d ayagi i wumi qqaren tamsertit : N + t = [t-t], n + y = [g-g], n + l = [l-l], n + b = [m-b], n + w = [bbw], n + r = [r-r], n + m = [m-m]… Maca deg umeslay kan i tella temsertit. Di tira, yal imesli ad yettwaru akken yella di laûel-is. Gret tamawt: mi ara temlil tenze$t « n » d wawal ibeddun s « u », d rrwaê i tettruêu tenze$t-nni deg umeslay.
Ilu$ma
1
Tazabut (aselmad ad d-izubet s temsertit).
� Axxam � � � �
n tidet, la i$elli, yekcem rekku di llsas-is.
� � � � �
Ccna n Leqbayel wissen anda akka imal. Yewwev $er teégi n yizmawen. Ad tawvev $er yiwet n temdint. Neooa-awen amkan, a rreêba n yilem. Diri win itetten tidi n uxeddam. Iêemmel timucuha n tteryel. n waman, tuli s igenni.
Asmi tennekbal tmurt s tiggdi n wuzzal. Ye$li ubelyun $er lqae n lbir. Ileêêu tikli n yifker. Iîij n me$res, yessibrik i$ess. Yu$-d kilu n ssker akked uqaleb n ssabun. Yewwi yid-s avellae n rremman. Yekcem uvar-is di l$ar n wuccen.
2
Ha-tent-a tefyar, af-d anida yettili umserti deg umeslay gar tenze$t « n » d yisem.
� � � � �����Tiqit
34
Asefru Ëemmle$ mi ara d-thedrev
Ëemmle$ mi ara d-thedrev Kra ara d-tiniv ad iyi-ienu ÊËemmle$ mi ara d-tevsev Tavsa-m tecbeê d asefru Tikwal mi ara d-tevsev Desse$ ula d nekkini Tikwal mi ara d-tevsev Ttêulfu$ s ul-iw yeldi Awal-im d awal Yenta deg wul Yeggugem yimi Yeqqel d acallaw Deg yiv kan i d-imeqqi.
Tikwal mi ara yi-d-terûel ÊëËemmle$ ad ili$ weêd-i Tikwal mi ara yi-d-terûel Ttikrihe$ ad ére$ l$aci Tikwal mi ara yi-d-terûel Tettu$-kem ula d kemmini Tikwal mi ara yi-d-terûel Tteeraqe$ anwa i d nekkini Kerhe$ aêemmel Ëemmle$ wid yecban $ur-i Tayri-w xas temvel Ccfaya, ad iyi-tt-id-tesmekti.
ØØØ
Si Muê.
ØØØ
39
& Avris
Tullist: timitar n taluft + tadyant tamerwayt.
Tagzemt tis
4
Inebgi n tmara
Yiwen wass n Êêertadem, Gelden yeffe$ netta d tmeîîut-is, rzan $er teégi, ad sfeqden $ef uqvar nsen. Ireg, yeb$a ad yeddu maca yugi-as baba-s ; tamezwarut, yebeed sani ara ruêen; tis snat, ilaq ad yili win ara yeqqimen deg uxxam. Wissen kan ma ur ineddem ara baba-s imi i as-yugi ad yeddu ? Zrint kra n timar, yeffe$-d Yireg $er berra, yeééiéin i yiîij, yessikkid idurar akked tizzegzewt i ten-yedlen, yeqqar-as deg wul-is : « Ass n loemea, ad rzu$ $er temdint, ad d-ççe$ imensi dinna $er eemmi ». Yeqqim yettargu armi i t-id-yesduqqes ûûut n uebar. Yekker, yessikkid metwal luva-nni iseg d-yekka ûûut-nni. Yesla i lewouh niven. Ur-din akka, iwala yiwen urgaz s tamart, yeqqen tacacit, iselsa-s qqersen, yettazzal-d, yesêuvul, ittsiti $ef tmegêelt-is. Zi$ yuges, yettwet s ugari $er uvar. Argaz-nni i d-iteddun, zi$, d amnafeq, amkan-is gar yimcumen. Iruê, taggara n yiv, mi qrib ad yali wass, $er temdint akken ad d-ya$ lbarud, ieter-d deg ubrid-is $ef yimestal. Iquzem-iten akken yezmer, irewwel seg ucruf $er wayev ; maca xas yerwel maççi s waîas i yeooa imestal-nni, yerna netta yuges. Yeéra siwa awwav ur yettawev ara $er teégi . Iwala axxam n Gelden d$a yerra $er dinna. Yewwev, yufa Ireg, yenna-as : - « Keçç d mmi-s n Gelden ? - D mmi-s ih. - Nekk d amnafeq, qqaren-iyi Megdal. Vefren-iyi-d yimestal. Tura, ilaq ad iyi-teffrev dagi $ur-k, ur zmire$ ara ad kemmle$ akka alama d tiégi.
40
- Amek ara k-ffre$ mebla ma yeéra baba ? D acu ara yi-d-yini mi ara d-yawev ? - Ad ak-yini ayen akka txedmev, d ise$, d tirrugza. - Anda teériv d acu ara d-yini ? - £iwel ffer-iyi, ad k-ihdu Rebbi, qrib ad d-awven. - Arou ar d-yu$al baba. - Amek ? ad arou$ ? Di kra n ddqayeq ad d-ilin da. Aha tura sellek-a$, ad iyi-teffrev ne$ ad kkse$ izi$er-ik. - Ireg, ur yuggad ara mavi. Yennirset akken ilaq, yerra-as : amrig-nni inek d ilem, ulac tildunin daxel-is, yerna ur ak-id-ggrint ara ula di tbagust-ik. - Tettuv tella tfala-agi . Maca ma rewle$-ak ur tezmirev ara ad iyi-d-tqeveev. D$a ineggez, yuéa akkin ciîîuê.
(Tettkemmil )
Asegzi n wawalen: Agari: d tarûast Ittsiti: yettekkay Ad nnadi $ef unamek n uvris
å Ayen yerza Gelden d tmeîîut-is $er teégi? ç Acu$er ur wwin ara Ireg yid-sen? é Acu i t-id-yesduqsen si targit? è Anwa i d-yerzan $er-s? ê Acu i d-yelsa? ë Acu i d-yewwi yid-s? í Ayen yesêuvul? ì Acu i t-yu$en? î Ayen tafrara i iruê ad d-ya$ lbaôud di temdint? ï Ayen i irewwel $ef yimestal?
Acu i yessuter umnafeq deg Yireg? 12 Ayen ur yuggad ara Yireg amnafeq?
11 13
D acu i d-yemmalen deg uvris belli tezmer ad d-tevru kra n taluft?
41
Taseftit
£er tifyar-a
Tal$a tasuddimt tuddist n umyag
- Yessengar yilef iqwiren. -• Msengaren yiderma $ef tlisa. - Ttemyarun tikarviwin di Yennayer. - Smen$en gar-asen.
1. Af-d imyagen yellan di tefyar. 2. Efk-d tal$iwin nsen tiêerfiyin. 3. Acu nerna i tal$iwin-agi? 4. Ibeddel unamek n yimyagen ne$ ala? 5. Yella umgired deg unamek n yizwiren
ne$ ala ?
]
Ad cfu$
Amur ameqqran n yimyagen sean tal$a taêerfit ( ne$ tamezwarut) akked tal$iwin tisuddimin. Kradet n tal$iwin-agi n umyag: aswa$, attwa$, amya$, zemrent ad mlilent gar-asent akken ad d-fkent yiwet n tal$a d tuddist.Tal$a tuddist tettale$ s tmerna n yizwiren i tal$a tamezwarut (sin n yisekkilen ne$ ugar i irennun di tazwara n umyag). Tal$a-agi tettale$ s yizwiren « s » d “m” amedya: en$ ® men$ ® smen$ ne$ “m” d “s” amedya: ngar®® sengar(aswa$) ®msengar(amya$/ aswa$) - Amyag di tal$a tuddist, ifetti am wakken tfetti tal$a taêerfit ( ne$ tamezwarut) $er wanav, $er yizri, $er wurmir ama d aêerfi ama d ussid - Kra n yimyagen ur sein ara tal$a tuddist : krez, fres,...
Ilu$ma
1
Efk-d aswa$, amya$ d tal$iwin tuddisin (ma llant) i yimyagen-agi. Amyag Rwel Aki Nfel Ndeh Aru Maggar £er Aswa$ Amya$ Tal$a tuddist
2
Ini-d anta tal$a ideg llan yimyagen-agi tefkev-d tal$a nsen taêerfit.
Myuîîafen afus yirgazen-agi asmi llan d imeéyanen. Sin yixxamen-a mseççen tagella d lmelê. Tennebra tmeîîut $ef wulac Ttemyarun seg wasmi llan d imeéyanen.
44
Tirawalt Tamsertit: deg, $er, seg… + isem
£er tifyar-a
- Gelden yeffe$ netta d tmeîîut-is $er teégi. - Ilaq ad yili win ara yeqqimen deg uxxam. - Ieter-d deg ubrid-is $ef yimestal. - Irewwel seg ucruf $er wayev.
1. Acu 2. Acu
i d-mmalen wawalen yettuderren? n waddad ideg llan yismawen i ten-id-ivefren?
]
Ad cfu$
Tanze$t d awal armeskil ( ur tettbeddil ara tal$a-s). Tinza$ teqqnent isemmaden $er umyag anagar tanze$t « n » i iteqqnen isem $er yisem. Isem i d-ivefren tinza$ yettili d amaruz slid deffir « s » n wallal; akked « ar ». Md: iruê s axxam. Qqim ar aggur niven. Tettili temsertit gar tenza$ d yisem:[iôuê f-var] $ef uvar - [iôuê a l-lebêer] iôuê $er lebêer - [iteddu $ef-fakal] $ef wakal. Tettili temsertit deg umeslay kan, ulac-itt di tira. Ha-tent kra n tenza$: $er, si (seg), di (deg), $ef, n, i, s, ar, nnig, ddaw, d (yid), gar/ gar, sdat…
Ilu$ma
1
Suffe$-d tinza$ di tefyar-agi .
�
Yezzi u$ella-nni $er yimestal-nni, yenna-asen ad kecmen s axxam : Ahaw kecmet s axxam, nadit mliê. S yiwen uvar kan i ileêêu, ur yezmir ara ad yawev $er teégi yerna loerra n yidammen ha-tt-a dagi i teêbes. Ikker Yireg yeômel timeqwa n yidammen i d-yuddamen seg uvar n umnafeq-nni. Mi ifukk, yu$al ad yeééiéen i yiîij $ef yiman-is.
�
2
Smed ilmawen s tenza$ iwatan
� � � �• � �
……..
ubrid, …….. ubrid, leqrar-is d abrid.
Yewwet azrem……. aqerru, yen$a-t. Avar iteddu ….. aéar. Ti$ilt tettakk-it … tayev. Icerreg aserwal-is….. yi$ir…. i$ir. Asemmiv … Uêeggan yessergagay ta$ma… yilef.
3
Err tinza$-agi di tefyar ara d-teffked: $ef, ar, di, ddaw, n.
45
t. dagi i teêbes. - Ur têebbrev ara amek ara yexdem baba mi ara iéer tkecmem s axxam-is netta ulac-it.
Ad nnadi $ef unamek n uvris
å Ayen yeqbel Yireg ad yeffer amnafeq? ç Acu yessuter deg-s yireg akken ad t-yeffer? é Anda i t-yeffer? è Acu yexdem i umkan ideg i t-yeffer akken ur t-eeqqlen ara? ê Anwi i d-yerzan $er-s mi yella yeÉÉééaéen? ë Isem-is u$ella nsen? í Ayen i t-ttaggaden akk yimnufaq? ì Acu yessuter Ya$mur deg Yireg? î Yenna-as-id anda yeffer umnafeq ne$ ala? ï Acu xedmen yimestal umbeed?
11 12
Acu twalam, ad asen-id-yini Yireg anda i yeffer amnafeq ne$ ala? acu$er? Acu twalam ad t-yexdem Gelden mi ara iéer kecmen-as yimestal s axxam-is, netta di teégi?
]
Ad cfu$
Di tullist (am di tmacahut) tigawin, i tent-id-yeggaren d taluft tamerwayt ne$ d taluft i d-iverrun trewwi tagnit tamezwarut. Mi ara tekres taluft tgellu-d s wayen $ef ur yebni yiwen, verrunt-d tedyanin, ttbeddilent tudert n yiwudam ama $er wayen yelhan ama $er wayen n dir. Tullist deg-s adiwenni. Adiwenni-agi, yis-s i sedduyen yiwudam tigawin zun akken ttidiren di tilawt.
Afares s tira
Yeksa ulli mmi-s n tem$art – - deg uza$ar - tezzin kra n yimakaren - Sugen-d adiwenni yellan gar-asen. - Ansi i d-kkan ? wwin ulli-nni.
47
Asefru
Ëmed Umerri
Ëmed Umerri d yiwen n uêeqqi i d-yekkren mgal lbaîel n umnekcam afransis d baca$at-is. I$ul tamêeqranit : itekkes i yinesba$uren, yettakk-asen-t i yigellilen. I wakken ad t-ten$ Fransa i wumi yessew ameréagu, tessexdem ameddakkel-is n tidet, yesnubget-it s axxam-is ad yeçç imensi. Ndin-as ticerket, n$an-t mi iruê ad igar tagella s imi-s …
Akken kan yebda tikli Aîas i tt-yeddan fell-as Semman-as medden imenfi Netta d tirrugza i d ayla-s Ma d win yellan d aneûli I Ëmed isburr talaba-s Anwa-t Ëmed Umerri Deg umada$ i yettili
ØØØ
Isemmeê adriz $ur-s messus Inuda $ef tlelli S-anda inuda afus Yufa tagmat ur telli Yeqqel umdan d aîarus Di yal ti$mert d agani Anwa-t Ëmed Umerri Ma ur as-yezmir Uôumi?
Teffe$-d tejealt d tameqqrant Win t-in$an ar d ad tt-yawi Yiwen wass atma-s sumôen-t I as-izemren d nutni Abeckiv bu-sebea eellqen-t I Ëmed heggan-d imensi Wi in$an Ëmed Umerri D atmaten-is ne$ d Aôumi?
ØØØ
Izem immut di laman Din i ye$li $ef uvebsi Aedaw iîîef wi t-yen$an Izwi-as akk tilkin-is Ëmed immut di laman Am netta am lejdud-is Immut Ëmed Umerri Ilul-d Ëmed Umerri
Ad nnadi $ef unamek n uvris
å Ayen i as-semman medden imenfi? ç I netta, $ef wacu yeffe$ $er teégi? é Anwi imdanen i d-yettaf $er tama-s? è Acu$er deg umada$ i yettili? ê Acu fkan Yiôumyen akken ad t-id-îîfen? ë Anda i t-n$an? í Acu yella ixeddem mi i t-n$an? ì Ayen deg uxxam n umeddakkel-is i t-n$an? î Anwa i t-yen$an? ï Ayen Aöôumi ur as-yezmir ara, atma-s zemren-as?
11 12
Aemer MEZDAD Seg udlis « Tafunast n Yigujilen »sb.12
Ayen i t-iserwes umedyaz $er yizem? Anwi lejdud i$ef d-yettmeslay umedyaz deg uvris? 13 Acu inumek wafir-agi: Immut Ëmed Umerri, ilul-d Ëmed Umerri?
48
& Avris
Tagzemt tis
Ya$mur yeb$a ad d-yesqirr Ireg
Tullist: taluft tekres
5
Megdal, irwel-d, yufa-d Ireg iman-is deg uxxam, yefka-as idrimen d$a winna yefferit. Cwiî akka a-ten-a wwven-d yimestal, b$an ad asen-id-yini anida yella Megdal.
A$ella n yimestal, yeîîef Ireg deg umeééu$, yenna-as :Ah ya lkaree, cukke$ limer ad ak-fke$ kra n yibeqqayen, ad d-tiniv tidet. Ireg yettavsa, yerra-as : - D Gelden i d baba, ma ur teériv ara. - Teériv, ma yehwa-yi ad k-awi$ $er lêebs, ad tegnev dinna $ef walim, ivarren-ik urzen. Imir ma tugiv ad iyi-d-tiniv anida-t Megdal ad kseeddi$ $er lfinga ad yafeg uqerruy-ik. Ireg yeîîerveq d tavsa, yeéra d tikellax : - Nni$-ak d Gelden i d baba. Yenîeq-d yiwen gar yiserdasen-nni, yenna-asen i yimeddukkal-is : - Cukke$ yif-it ma ur d-newwi ara taluft akked Gelden. Amasay-nni nsen ieweq d acu ara yexdem. Nutni dayen fukken anadi n uxxam n Gelden. D acu yellan eni deg uxxam n umsedrar ? ïÏîabla, akersiw, isendyaq, leêwal n ûûyada akked kra n leêwal n uxxam. Ireg yeîîef tamcict-nni yesluffuy-as, yettavsa $ef yimestal-nni imi eewqen d acu ara xedmen. Yuéa yiwen n userdas $er taffa-nni n usa$ur. Imuqel tamcict-nni d warraw-is, yeééa tafala n tmegêelt-is di taffa-nni. Yenna-as deg wul-is : « Yehwa-yi kan rri$ ddhen-iw $er uremmue-agi n lqerv ». Mi yewwet akken, ur yelli kra yembawlen di taffa. Ireg yeqqim yevleq acemma ur as-iruê, ur as-teqqarev ara akk yella win yeffer dinna. Imestal akked u$ella nsen ikcem-iten layas, bdan ssikkiden metwal luva-nni ansi ara u$alen. A$ella-nni nsen, yefhem maççi s usigged ara d-yesqirr Ireg. Ixemmem cwiî, yufa-d mazal-as kan ad yeerev ad t-id-yessenîeq s uêellel d usevmee. Yenna-as : - « Aha ay ayaw amecîuê, éri$ keççini d uêric, ad d-teff$ev d kra. Maca urar-agi tetturarev yis-i d iri-t. Limer maççi di baba-k ay ssetêa$, ad k-cekkle$, ad k-awi$ yid-i. - Ëay ! - Mi ara d-yu$al baba-k ad as-ini$ kullec, ad as-ini$ teskaddbev-iyi, ad i$li deg-k s ujelkav. - Akka i t$ilev. - Ad twaliv…maca …muqel…ma teb$iv ad ak-fke$ yiwet n t$awsa ay ack-itt. - Teéram …ma tu$em d awal-iw ad tekkrem ad tkemmlem abrid nwen ma tram ad tqeveem Megdal uqbel ad yekcem $er teégi, acku ma yewwev, kra itetten a$rum ur yettizmir ara ad t-id-yeîîef.
50
Amawal
1.
Ha-tt-a tefyirt : Yekkat wul-is. a. Anwa awal i izemren ad yili d aknaw n umyag « yekkat ». b. Qqen gar tefyirt d unamek-is. Tafyirt Yekkat ugeffur Yekkat di medden Yekkat uzzal Yekkat-as lêeîîa Yekkat taqbaylit Yekkat agiîar Yekkat avebsi n seksu yal ass Yekkat kan Anamek Yessen-itt mliê. Yetturar-it. Ijebbed kan, ur yettêezzib ara. £ellin-d waman seg usigna. Ittmeslay fell-asen ayen n dir. Ur yettaggad ara. Itett-it. Yettlusu akken yelha.
Gar wawalen-agi, af-d anwa awal ukkud yecrek aéar wawal « tamu$li » : Muqel, tam$ilt n yilef, ti$ilt, l$ella.
2. 3. Suffe$-d seg uvris amawal n timmarewt, rnu-d wid niven i tessnev xas ulac-iten deg uvris. 4. Af-d 5.
ansi i d-yekka wawal « amsedrar », amek yule$ ?
D acu i d taffa ? a- D acu n umgarad yellan gar : taffa, taqettunt, tamuqint. b- D acu i tfehmev deg yinzi-a : d taqettunt i irennun $er taffa. Fren yiwet n tririt : Ad d-iqirr: a- ad d-yini tidet tamara fell-as. b- Ad d-i$er. Senfel awalen yettuderren s yiknawen iwatan Ireg yettavsa. Ad tegnev dinna $ef walim . � Ivarren-ik, urzen. � Taffa-nni n usa$ur. � Yiwwas, ad d-iwwet uêemmal, kul wa leemer deg uéar-is.
� �
6.
7.
52
Taseftit
£er imedyaten-a
Azalen n wurmir s « ad »
ad irzu $er tmurt. 2. Asmi i t-éri$, ad yili xemsin n yiseggasen di leemer-is. 3. Win yeb$an tamazi$t, ad yissin tira-s. 4. Deg umenzu n tefsut, tilawin d telmeéyin d yigardan, ad rren ti$rifin di tvellaet, ad îîfen abrid $er lexlawi. � Tigawt n yimyagen yeftin $er wurmir aêerfi di tefyar-a tevra ne$ ala ? � Di tefyirt tamezwarut, amyag « ad iruê » yemmal tigawt yevran deg yizri ne$ d tigawt ara yevrun deg yimal. � I tefyirt tis snat, d tigawt ara yevrun deg yimal ne$ d tigawt deg waydeg ur nettêeqq ara ? � I di tis tlata d tis rebea?
1. Azekka,
]
Ad cfu$
Urmir aêerfi s « ad » yemmal-d tigawt uread nevri, tezmer ahat ad tevru. S umata, urmir aêerfi s « ad », yemmal-d imal : ayen ara yevrun $er sdat. Maca yesea da$en azalen niven : � Tarelkint: ( ayen ideg ur nettêeqq ara) : Ad yeseu 10 iseggasen. � Asfillet: Ad ig Rebbi trebêev. Ad iqucc ! � Asendeh: Win yeb$an tibexsisin, ad yeééu tineqlin. � Tannumi ( ayen xeddmen medden ama zik ama tura) : Ass wis sebea, ad truê teslit $er tala, ad tawi yid-s asagem ...
Ilu$ma
1
Af-d azalen n wurmir di tefyar-a : Ad ixdee Rebbi kra ixeddeen. Ad d-yefk Rebbi talwit. � Azekka, ad sewwqe$. � Ad awin taduî-nni $er wasif, ad tt-ssirden, ad tt-fesren, mi tekkaw ad tt-sefsun. � Win i as-yennan teshel teefert, ad tt-yeefes mebla arkasen. � Deg unebdu i d-iteddun, ad seeddi$ kra n wussan di teftist.
�• �
2 Aru-d tifyar s $ur-k, sexdem urmir s « ad », ad yeseu azalen-a : imal, tarelkint, asfillet, amata.
54
Tirawalt
£er imedyaten-a
Tizdit gar yisem d yiwsilen-is.
Kkre$-d d axûim i yiman-iw Yuoew-d wul-iw deewessu Win i wumi êki$ le$bayen-iw S zzyada n tevsa ad yettru.
1. 2.
Taddart-a, taddart-ina, di temsal ur cligen ara. � Af-d anwi awalen i teqqen tizdit � Di 4 tefyar timezwura, d acu-ten wawalen i d-yeqqnen $er yisem ? � I wawalen i d-yeqqnen $er wawal « taddart », d acu-ten ? � Kemmel d wudmawen niven akk : ul-iw, ul-ik… � Amek i asen-neqqar i wawalen-a yettuderren : axxam-a, axxam-ina, axxam-ihin.
]
Ad cfu$
Gar yisem d umqim udmawan awsil nettarra tizdit acku amqim-agi ur yettili ara kan akka weêd-s ; alama yella yisem ara yili. Nwala yakan gar yisem d umqim awsil n usget nezmer ad nerr tizdit am wakken nezmer ur tt-nettarra ara. Ma gar yisem d umqim awsil n wasuf, d tamara ad tili tizdit ( éer adlis-iw n tmazi$t, Aseggas wis Sin) Tella da$en tizdit gar yisem d urbib ameskan, ama d win n tama ( -a, ayi, agi, adi, agikana) ama d win tuggugt ( ina, ihin ), ama d win n ubdar (-nni).
Ilu$ma
1
Tazabut � Veggren ayen i$ef eettben, kul wa ay iveggar d i$san-is. � Lmut ad tt-yevleb yiles-im, ad teddem leemer-im. � Si loiha-w henni iman-im, nadi $ef rrbeê-im, seg yiri-w eemmde$-am ruê. � Thuddev teméi-k s ufus-ik, s ufus-ik i d-tu$ev aîîan. � Di ccetla nsen ay tt-ufan txessart i d-slalen � Taqsivt-agi, d aqesser. � Ttu$ tamazi$t-nni, ttu$ wid i yi-d-iôebban. � Deg yidurar-ihin i d-tettuôebba, tif akk tilmeéyin di sser teebba. Freq awalen i ilaq ad ferqen, err tizdit anida ilaq. � Uliw gzem-it, celleê-it, veggar-it s aman. � Ay arracnne$, Lezzayer d tamurtnne$. � Ad ak-id-tsiwel tmurtik.
2
55
Tullist: taluft tekres
& Avris
Ireg yexdee
Amestul-nni yugi ad yebru i temsalt. Ittmekkinas ssaea-nni. Ireg yeggumma ad tt-yeîîef, maca yettecmumuê, yenna-as : - Ay$er tettmesxirev fell-i. - Aêeq Rebbi ar s nniya-w. Ini-yi-d anida yella Megdal , ssaea-agi d ayla-k. Ireg, yettezmumug ; yeçça-t kan s wallen. Ieerrev ad yeeqel ma d tidet i as-id-yeqqar ne$ yettkellix fell-as. Yenna-as Ya$mur:
« Ad iyi-ikkes Rebbi ar d ak-fke$ ssaea-agi, haten-a êedren, aql-a$ gar yirgazen. » Mi as-yettmeslay akken, yessaéay ssaea-nni armi qrib ad t-yennal yis-s deg umayeg. Itezzi deg wawal iqqar mazal armi yeeqel belli Ireg yebda yettemeebbar d rray-is. Aqcic-nni, s tidet, yergeg amek ara yexdem : ad d-issenz imenfi-nni yeffer di taffa n usa$ur, maççi d ise$ ; ad yeqqim, ssaea-nni tewwi ul-is. Yekkat wul-is, ad as-tiniv ad d-icerreg idmaren-is. Ssaea-nni, mazalitt teeluleq-d sdat wallen-is ; tikwal, tettnal-it-id deg yixef n wanzaren-is. Yessemêaêed cwiî afus-is ayeffus, yettmekkin-it s leeqel s leeqel $er ssaea-nni armi i tt-yennul s yivudan-is. Yeîîef-itt-id di tdikelt n ufus-is xas akken amestul-nni mazal ur as-id-ibri ara… ssaea, tettirriq i yiîij… iran-is d izegzawen. Yen$a-t îîmee. Yerfed Yireg afus-is azelmav, yes$el $er deffir n uerur-is s uvad-is, meêsub $er taffa-nni i$ef yevleq. A$ella-nni n yimestal, yefhem akken ilaq. Yebra-as i ssaea-nni. Aqcic ikeccebitt. Mm$en yimestal $ef taffa-nni n usa$ur, xewwlen-tt-id akk, yeffe$-d Megdal, yuges, yettuddum d idammen, axedmi deg ufus-is maca tiyita yeçça semmvet d$a yeggumma ad ibedd. Innegdam. Iédem fell-as Ya$mur, yekkes-as-id tafala-nni n lfuci. Cekklen-t. Yemrare$ $ef wakal am tquccivt-nni ara tnexxzev. Yezzi $er Yireg, yenna-as : « Ah ya ay axeddae ». Ireg yewwet afus-is $er loib-is, yeddem-d idrimen-nni i as-id-yefka Megdal mi akken i t-yeffer, yerra-as-ten acku iêulfa ur ten-yuklal ara tura. Ma d imenfi-nni ur yerri ara akk ddhen-is $er yidrimen-nni, yezzi s ttawil $er u$ella-nni n yimestal, yenna-as : « Teériv, ur zmire$ ara ad lêu$, a mmi-s n tmurt ? ! tamara fell-awen ad iyi-teebbim alama d tamdint. - Seg-lli, xuvi, tettneggizev am yibki. Xas kkes a$bel i wul-ik, zemre$ mavi ad k-bibbe$ $ef uerur-iw ma ilaq. Awi-d kan imi k-id-îîfe$. Yerna, ay ameddakkel, tura kan ad k-idnexdem aferrug, ad k-nawi fell-as alama newwev $er leêwari-ina n Ti$ilt n Yibir$en, ad k-neebbi $ef wayis. - Ihi d$a igarrez mavi maca ma ulac a$ilif rret-as cwiî n walim i uferrug-agi nwen akken ad beuééle$ akken ilaq.
56
& Avris
Tullist: ferru n taluft + tagnit n taggara.
Tagzemt tis
6
Mi d-yu$al Gelden
Mi d-yu$al Gelden d tmeîîut-is si lexla, ufan-d mmi-tsen Ireg issenz-d imenfi yeffren dinna $ur-sen. Gelden, yeggumma ad yamen s twa$it yexdem mmi-tsen d tecmat d lêif i d-ise$li fell-asen… Mi iwala Gelden imestal-nni, yenna-as deg wul-is : « Ahat usan-d akken ad iyi-awin ? » Maca ur yelli kra yexdem akken ad t-awin. Yettqadar akk medden, nutni da$en ttqadaren-t. d argaz n leali akken qqaren. Maca d amsedrar. Di tallit-nni qlil umsedrar ur nettwalas ara di kra taluft : ama d timen$iwt, ama… Gelden yettnadi ad d-yemmekti ... yufa, yufa belli azal n mraw n yiseggasen aya, ur isexdem ara amrig ines akken ad ine$. D acu kan akken qqaren : laman d agrireb. Si lamùan i d-yekka lxuf. Ihegga iman-is i umennu$, ma yella terra tmara, ad yenna$. Yenîeq $er tmeîîut-is:« Sers tacekkart-nni theggiv iman-im ad teemmrev timgeêyal. » Tsers tacekkart-nni. Yefka-as tamegêelt-nni ieelleq $er tayet, ieemmer tinna yellan gar yifassen-is, yettaé sleeqel-sleeqel s axxam-is, iteddu yeddaray isekla yellan rrif n ubrid. Iteddu mxatla-mxatla i wakken ma yella kra yellan ad yeffer deffir walebeav n yisekla, ad yewwet syinna. Tameîîut-is, teîîafar-it asurif s usurif, teîîef lfuci-nni akked tbagust teççur d tildunin. Mi ara yekker yimen$i, tameîîut n leali, $er yimesdurar, ilaq ad d-teîîef tama i urgaz-is, ad as-id-tetteemmir tamegêelt. A$ella-nni n yimestal, mi iwala Gelden isers avad-is $ef zznad, ieweq amek ara yexdem. Yettxemmim, yeqqar-as deg wul-is : « I limer ad yili Megdal yettili-as i Gelden ne$ ahat d ameddakkel-is, maççi terwi ? ! Yiwen ne$ sin deg-ne$ iban ad ten-yawi d asfel. Ne$ limer ad d-iqqres fell-i s rrsas xas akka nettemyili. !… » Yu$al iga-d cwiî n teb$est i yiman-is, yettaé weêd-s metwal Gelden akken ad as-yessefhem ayen yevran yerna ad as-yemmeslay am win ara yemmeslayen i umdan ukkud yemyussan mliê ; maca cwiî-nni n ubrid yellan gar-asen icebba-as-t Rebbi d amecwar ur nettfakka. Yenîeq $ur-s : « Azul! ay ameddakkel aqdim. Amek telliv ay argaz n leali ? D nekk, d Ya$mur. » Gelden ibedd. Winna yettaé $ur-s, yettmeslay-as ma d netta yessalay cwiî-cwiî taxenfuct n tmegêelt-nni ines yettwellih-itt $er yigenni. Ya$mur, yewwev $ur-s, yenna-as : « Azul a gma, ddeqs aya ur nemméir ara. - Azul ! - Yewwi-yi-d ubrid sya d$a nni$-as ad eeddi$ ad ten-ére$. Ass-a, xas neeya maççi di rrayee. Neîîef-d amcum-nni n Megdal. » Tenîeq-d tmeîîut n Gelden : Lêemdu-lleh a sidi. Acu-t wass-nni, yuker-a$ ta$avt yerna d tin
60
Amawal
1. Af-d
� � � � � �
deg uvris ismawen n tigawt n yimyagen-a:
� � � � � � � �
yennu$ ® yen$a ®
Yiwen n uéar nsen ne$ ala ? Rnu efk-d ismawen n tigawt n yimyagen-agi: ® ® ® ®
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yazen � ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ad seddu$ ��� �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ad afen ® � � � � � � sers � � � � � � yekker
2. Llan sin wawalen deg uvris kkan-d seg yiwen n uéar, $ur-sen yiwen n unamek maca tal$a nsen temgarad. Af-iten-id. 3.
Suffe$-d seg uvris aktawal n amennu$. � Aru-d tifyar s yal yiwen deg-sen. Nadi-d deg uvris sin yiknawen n umyag « sentel ». d-iqqres fell-i s rrsas xas akka nettemyili. � Amek yeddes umyag-agi yettuderren ? � Af-d yiwen wawal yezdi uéar yid-s.
4.
5. Ad
6.
Siwa win ib$an ad ifeéé iles-is ara ixedmen tigawt yexdem Megdal � Acu tnumek tefyirt-agi yettuderren ? � Nadi-d deg uvris akk tifyar i yesean anamek am wa (ad ifeéé iles-is).
62
Tajerrumt
£er imedyaten-a
- Yesla, yerwel. - Yesla yerwel.
Asemgired gar t$uni d usagel
1. Acêal n yimyagen 2. I di tis snat ?
i yellan di tefyirt tamezwarut ?
3. Amek i as-neqqar i tefyirt yesean ugar n yiwen n umyag ? 4. Acêal n yisumar i yellan? 5. Anwi-ten? 6. Anwa ixedmen tigawt deg sin yimyagen n tefyirt 1ut ? 7. I deg umedya wis sin, anwa i tt-ixedmen? 8. Yella wacu yellan gar sin yimyagen ne$ ala ? Yemgarad unamek
n snat tefyar-a ne$
ala? Acu i d tamentilt? 9. I deg umedya wis sin, acu yellan gar yisumar?
]
Ad cfu$
Tafyirt tuddist d tafyirt izemren ad teseu sin n yisumar ne$ ugar. Llan sin wassa$en gar tefyar : ta$uni d usagel. Assa$ izmer ad d-yili s tes$unt ne$ s unamek kan, meêsub mebla tas$unt. Ta$uni tettili-d s tefrayt di tira, s usider n ta$ect deg umeslay, ma d asagel ulac asider n ta$ect di tmenna. Md: - yesla, yerwel (d ta$uni). - yesla yerwel (d asagel).
Ilu$ma
1
Di tefyar i d-iteddun, ini-d anda tella t$uni d wanda yella usagel. � Yesla yemmut � Yesla, yemmut � Yeçça, yeswa, yeîîes. �• Iwala-t yerwel s axxam. � Issawel-as, yerwel. � Yekkat, yettru. � Yuli, iûubb-d. �• Yuzzel, yuli. � Yerbeê, yufa-t. �• Iwala uccen yerwel. �• Iwala uccen, yerwel. Kemmel i yimyagen-agi tsuff$ev-d tifyar ideg ara yili usagel d t$uni. � Twala-tt………. � Isawel……….. � Yufa ……….. � Yerwel……… � Yenna-as…… � Iseqsa-t……..
2
63
Taseftit
£er imedyaten-a
- Mi wwve$ $er-s yella yeffe$. - Mi d-yessawel tu$ ff$e$.
Izri yezwaren
1. Af-d imyagen yellan di tefyar-a. 2. Acêal n yimyagen i yellan deg umedya amezwaru? 3. Efk-d tal$a taêerfit nsen. 4. Muqel amyag wis sin d wis krad, anti timeéra ideg llan? 5. Tigawin i d-mmalen yimyagen-agi, vrant, verrunt ne$ ad 6. Anta tigawt yezwaren?
vrunt?
]
Ad cfu$
Izri yezwaren d akud i nessemras i wakken ad d-nessenfali tigawt yevran uqbel yiwet n tigawt niven yevran deg yizri. Izri yezwaren yettale$ s yimallalen « a$ » d « ili » mi ara ilin ftin $er yizri akked umyag niven yeftin ula d netta $er yizri. Md: - Yella yefra wurar mi d-ters ad tecveê. - Tu$ yefra wurar mi d-ters ad tecveê.
Ilu$ma
1
£er imedyaten-a tafev-d izri yezwaren. � Asmi i t-éri$ yella yufa-d axeddim. � Mi t-tewwet trisiti, yella yebzeg. � Mi d-yekcem tu$ tesse$ ayefki. � Yella yeffe$, mi d-wwten di tewwurt. � Ad yili yeîîes mi kecme$. � Mi tevra yid-s twa$it-nni tu$ yuven . Sefti amyag wis sin $er yizri yezwaren. � Mi yesla/eçç…. � Asmi t-éri$/aven � Mi d-ye$li u$rab-nni/ cveê � Mi t-tmuggar/ zweo. � Mi i d-yessawel/inig Efk-d 4 n yimedyaten anda ara tesmersev izri yezwaren
2
3
64
Tirawalt Tizdit gar umyag d yiwsilen-is d tzel$iwin n tnila
1. Af-d imyagen yellan di tefyar. 2. Anwi awalen i d-yeqqnen $er umyag s tezdit? 3. Lemmer ad nekkes tizdit gar umyag d tzel$a n tnila, ad ibeddel unamek n umyag ne$ ala? 4. Acu i d-rennunt ihi tzel$iwin i umyag? 5. Anda ttilint tzel$iwin, sdat ne$ deffir n umyag?
]
Ad cfu$
Tizel$iwin n tnila d awalen yeqqnen $er umyag d yiwsilen-is. Daymi nettarra gar-asent d umyag d yiwsilen, tizdit. Mi ara rnunt tzel$iwin-a: [d], [n] - « d » : tettarra tigawt s umata $er win yettmeslayen. - « n » tettarra tigawt s umata $er win i wumi ttmeslayen. Tizel$iwin n tnila zemrent ad ilint sdat ne$ deffir umyag. Imedyaten: - Yefka-as-ten-id. - Yuzen-as-ten-in. - Ad as-ten-id-yefk. - Ad as-ten-in-yazen.
Ilu$ma
1
Err tizdit anda iwata � Neroa lexbar im � Ur d yusi ara � Nuroa lexyal im � Fell as nerêa � Awi d afus im � Sken iyi d udem im � I yecbeê yisem im � A Oamila. (Lewnis AYT MENGELLAT)
Tazabut Tsawel-as-d i Mayas akken ad as-id-yawi idrimen-nni, ur as-ten-id-yewwi, ur as-ten-idiceyyee. Yessawev-as-ten-id mmi-s armi d axxam, terra-as-ten yerna tsuffe$-it timendeffirt. Seg wass-nni, ggulle$ ur ten-teîîif alama tusa-d tewwi-ten s yiman-is.
2
65
Asefru
Ameêbus-iw
Rruê-is la d-yesselqaf Am ueeqqa gar yi$uraf Yettraou nnuba-s yettru Umeêbus-iw. Yuggad ad as-tinim d amcum Taggara ad t-tettum £er-s anwa ara yeréen asalu ? Umeêbus-iw
ØØØ
Ma fki$ awal i medden f cc$el ad yarez ufus-iw D tasa-w i yi-ismendagen Tessibrik deg wussan-iw Ufi$ imdanen heddren Mi valle$ bran i wallen Ay avu d keçç ara yi-imlen Ma mazal yedder ne$ ala Umeêbus-iw
£e
Lbaîel igar-d isuraf £er sdat d lkaf deffir-s lmut la d-teddu Umeêbus-iw Siwel-as ay ul-iw siwel-as Ma yesla-d ini-as ¨Ëader win i d-yesnuzu Umeêbus-iw
ØØØ
ØØØ
Ay avu ihuzzen izemran Ttxil-k ini-d ay avu Cbi$ loedra yerkan Ugin medden d aser$u Anda tella ssebba i t-yenfan I t-icleqfen si gar-yimawlan Ay avu i yi-d-inudan Ma iweûûa-k-id ne$ ala Umeêbus-iw
La d-yeggar wul nnhati Mi d-yewwev uqebli n me$res Mi refde$ abuqal s imi Ad d-tas lêaoa ad iyi-t-tekkes Ass-a, êsi$ ifat-iyi Tiî dayen ur t-tettwali Ay avu qqim-d mel-iyi Anida i as-tebra lmuja I Umeêbus-iw
ØØØ
Talwit i ttraou$ tebîel Nefka tteed ur d-tusi ara Taluft tucbiêt tkeêêel Thenna-yi-d $er lêara Ass-a éri$ ayen ieeîîel Tisin-is ay$er tebîel Yugi ad yeknu sdat ddel Iêeôô-it Berwagiya Umeêbus-iw.
Ad nnadi $ef unamek n usefru
ØØØ
å £er wacu i icuba umeskar ameêbus ? Acu$er ? ç Acu yuggad umeêbus ? é Acu n ti$ri i as-igar umeskar ? è Amek ttwalin medden ameêbus ? ê Acu$er i d-yeggar wul-is nnhati ? ë Ayen yezga yettxemmim $ef umeêbus ? í Ayen ggumman ad as-id-brun ? ì Anida i t-êebsen ?
ØØØ
Lwennas MAETUB Tesfift «Ru ayul» 1982
68
Ad ktazle$ iman-iw
Acu i twalav deg yisenfaren i d-turam?
Wali ma tzemrev :
å Ad takzev avris ullis ? ç Ad tegzuv tamlilt n yiwudam deg ullis ? é Ad ten-id-tgelmev ? è ad takzev akk anawen n yivrisen? ê Ad d-tsemgirdev gar tmacahut d tullist? ë Ad takzev tagnit tamezwarut di tullist ? í Ad d-txedmev agzul i uvris i te$riv? ì Ad terrev tikerrist d tigawin d udiwenni di tegnit tis snat di tullist?
Melmi i tettafev iman-ik? mi txeddmev:
å ………. weêd-k ? ç ………. di sin ? é ………. d agraw ? è ………. d yinelmaden n tesmilt akken ma llan ?
Muqel ma tzemrev ?
å Ad takzev tal$a taêerfit n umyag ? ç Ad tissinev tal$iwin n umaruz d twuriwin swayes d-igellu? é Ad tsemgirdev gar tal$iwin n umyag ? è Ad tseftiv imyagen di tmeéra akken ma llant ? ê Ad takzev tis$unin n t$uni d tid n usagel? ë Ad taruv war tamsertit di yal tagnit ? í Ad tsemgirdev gar t$uni d usagel ? ì Ad takzev azalen n wurmir s « ad », ad t-tesmersev akken iwata? î Ad tsemgirdev gar uvris n tesrit (meêsub maççi d tamedyazt) d usefru? ï Ad terrev tizdit anda iwata?
69
Asenfar wis 2
Askar n tes$unt tamugilt: ivrisen imesfukal ad izmiren ad d-awin $ef yiba$uren n useklu d uêareb fell-as ne$ $ef yimihan n tba$a ne$ $ef tvullit n useêbiber $ef twannavt ne$ ... Tigezmin n usenfar:
1. Afares
n uvris imesfukel bu-snat n turdiwin. 2. Afares n uvris imesfukel bu-yiwet n turda.
Tagzemt
Asefled/ta$uri n yivrisen
Igburen n tutlayt
Afares s tira
Asenfar wis 2
1
Ivrisen: Tajerrumt: tis$unin n usagel sb :73 1- Yuker, hedre$; Afares n uvris yeggul, umne$ sb :70 Taseftit: imal izwaren sb :74 imesfukel Tirawalt: tizdit gar tenze$t d umqim bu-snat n 2- Tifina$ sb :76 awsil sb :75 turdiwin. Asefru: Imazi$en sb :79 Ivrisen: 1- Öadyu d yidlisen
sb :80 2- Tira 86
2
d umaru sb :
Tajerrumt: tis$unin n t$uni sb :83 Taseftit: tafelwit n tseftit sb :84 Tirawalt: tizdit: sb :85
Afares n uvris imesfukel buyiwet n turda.
Asefru: Abernus amellal sb :88
& Avris
Tagzemt
Yuker, êedre$; yeggul, umne$
Asfukel: avris bu-snat n turdiwin.
1
ut
Asenfar wis 2
72
Mi ara imuqel bnadem $er deffir s amezruy nne$ nekkni s Yimazi$en, ad yaf d tagi i yevran yid-ne$ maççi d abrid maççi sin. Di 3000 n yiseggasen-agi ieeddan, sebea leonas i d-ikecmen tamurt nne$. Akken ma llan u$en tamurt s yi$il. Maca yal yiwen issetbae timucuha i yi$il. Yal yiwen deg-sen ifesser amezruy i yiman-is, inoer-it akken i as-ilaq. Nitni i d a$-iswa$en heddren, nekkni swa$en nessusum. Amezruy nne$ d nitni i t-yuran (ne$ i t-izelgen, ne$ i t-isdergen), d nitni i iwezznen, qqaren-d ayen ilaqen d ayen ur nlaq. Ayen ilaqen d ayen i asen-yehwan i nitni. Armi di tmurt n baba-tne$ d jeddi-tne$ nezga-d d i$riben, ur a$-id-yettawi umeddaê di teqsivt alama taqsivt d tin n wiyiv, nekkni texva-a$ ne$ têuza-a$ kan akka di rrif. Ad tt-id-bdun d i$il, mi a$-ferqen ad a$-réen, ad a$-tthuzzun di dduê n tmucuha nsen. Qqaren-a$: nusa-d $ur-wen d zzyara n gma-s $er gma-s, irna newwi-awen-d rreêma : am sseed nwen kunwi yeddren armi ken-id-qesden watmaten $ef ur tebnim ! Maca… Maca têedder-d tidet, u, mi d-teêder tidet naf tagmat issafeg-itt wavu, ala win ara k-yinin : “I wumi-k keçç imi d nekk lli$ ?” Nufa-d qqaren : “ Sawle$ i wayla n medden, ar ass-a la t-ttraou$, sawle$ i wayla-w yenna-k : aql-i”. Ihi, ma yella win i$eflen zik, ass-a, ur d-iqqim ara umkan i lekdeb, acku lekdeb taswiet kan i yettalas, s lqerb ne$ s îîul, yiwwas, tidet ad t-te$vel, acku tidet am zzit : i teb$uv ti$zifev a lweqt labudd yiwwas ad d-tifrir. Ad d-tifrir tidet ma yella ula d nekkni neawen-itt, ma yella ula d nekkni newwi-d
tamacahut nne$ akken tella, maççi akken i tt-b$an wiyiv ne$ akken i tt-zewwqen.
3000 n yiseggasen aya nekkni d Iskutiyen i uba$ur n wiyiv, ncennu ccnawi n wiyiv, nmeddeê lemdeê nsen, nettwali s wallen nsen. Maca nnuba tura tezzi : ma yella zik “ neîîes mazal lêal, ” ass-a, d nekkni “ i d-iûaê wawal ”.
Ihi tagrayt n wawal d ta : îîlam la yetteftutus, tura d tikli ad ifnu yiv, a-tt-aya tfejrit nne$.
Lmulud At-MEEMMER
Tigzi n uvris
å Melmi i d-qqaren medden anzi-a: “Yuker, êedre$; yeggul, umne$”? ç Anwa yuran avris-a? i wumi i t-yura? é Anta turda ( ôôay ne$ tamu$li) i yeb$a umaru ad a$-tt-id-imel maççi $ef tidet i tbedd? è Anta turda swayes yeb$a umaru ad namen? ê Suffe$-d akk imataren udmawanen akked yimqimen udmawanen ( ama d ilelliyen,
ama d iwsilen) yellan deg uvris. Wali anwa udem i yeggten.
ë Anwi i d-yeqsed umaru s wudem amezwaru n usget: nekkni ne$ s uwsil nne$? í Anwi i d-yelha umaru s wudem wis tlata n usget nutni akked umatar ……n ? ì Af-d assa$ yellan gar uvris-a d uzwel-is. î Anwa amqim i yessexdam umaru mi ara yettmeslay i yime$riyen? ï £er wacu icuba tidet? Ay$er?
D acu xeddmen yimnekcamen mi ara d-kecmen tamurt nne$? 12 Deg uvris-a, amaru, iêekku-d ne$ igellem-d ne$ yeb$a ad a$-yerr nellez (ad a$11
iqennee) s takti-s?
73
Amawal
1.
Isem abrid d agetnamkay, wali anwa i d anamek-is di yal tafyirt, qqen-it $ur-s. Tifyar ideg yella yisem abrid - Yiwen n ubrid kan i d-usi$ $er da. - D abrid! - Kkes-d amek ur neeriv, ur as-nufi abrid. - Ur iteddu ara d ubrid. - Ye$za akk ubrid-nni i n-yettawin $ur-wen. Taqnuét:
�� Leêêu$,
Inumak-is ne$ iknawen-is - Tikli n leali. - D sswab, d ôôay yelhan. - Tikkelt. - D ansi tteeddayen medden. - Tifrat, ttawil.
2.
leêêu$, ma d netta ur t-qviee$. D acu-t ? d acu-t?
3.
D acu i d anamek n tenfalit-a:
�� Nnig
ubrid, ddaw ubrid, leqrar-is d abrid.
4. Af-d
�
anamek n umyag ¨ù« a$ » di tefyirt-a.
U$en tamurt s yi$il.
5.
Qqaren s teqbaylit : Ayen i d-yefka usa$ur ( lqerv) d aba$ur.
�
D acu i d anamek n wawal aba$ur deg uvris? iskutiyen i uba$ur n wiyiv.
�� D
6.
Fren anwa i d anamek n wawal i$il:
� �
Akken ma llan u$en tamurt s yi$il. Meêsub: a- kkan-d akk seg yi$il, maççi seg luva. b- kecmen-d tamurt s ddree. iknawen (=) i wawalen yettuderren
7. Af-d
�• �
Mi ara imuqel bnadem $er umezruy nne$. Yiwwas, tidet, ad t-te$vel.
inemgalen ( ≠ ) i wawalen yettuderren I teb$uv ti$zifev a lweqt, labudd, yiwwas, tidet, ad d-tifrir.
8. Af-d
74
Tajerrumt
£er imedyaten-a
��• Yeéra
Tis$unin n usagel
��•
belli tusiv-d. �� Yeîîes iwakken ad yesteefu. ��• Yekker-d mi d-yenqer yiîij. �� Te$liv acku tettazzalev.
ad d-yas xas yeeya. Ad teççev ma yugar-d. ��• Yeqqim amzun yestufa.
��•
ad yili umur wis sin weêd-s ? ( akka am umedya wis2: …… iwakken ad yesteefu.) 5. Smel tis$unin n usagel almend n unamek nsent. ( tamezwarut ur tettekki ara acku tas$unt « belli » teggar-d asemmad usrid). Iswi Akud Aqbal Tamentilt Tawtilt Aserwes
1. Acêal n yimyagen i tesea yal tafyirt? 2. Amek i asent-neqqar i tefyar igan akka? 3. Isem nsen yimuren n tefyirt tuddist? 4. Limer ad nekkes amur amezwaru, yezmer
]
1 2
Ad cfu$
Tafyirt tumyigt yesean ugar n yiwen umyag, qqaren-as tafyirt tuddist. Tafyirt tuddist, llan deg-s, ma ulac, sin yimuren i wumi qqaren isumar. Assa$ gar sin yisumar-a yezmer ad yili d ta$uni ne$ d asagel. Nwala yagi amek yezmer ad yili usagel (akked t$uni) mebla tas$unt md: yesla yusa-d maca yettili da$en s tes$unt n usagel. Tis$unin n usagel bvant d taggayin almend n unamek nsent. Tas$unt n usemmed aêerfi: belli. Tid n wakud: mi, segmi, seg wasmi, ar, armi, skud, asmi, qbel / uqbel. Tid n tmentilt: acku, axaîer, imi, seg wakken. Tid n yiswi: i wakken, akken, bac, amar. Tid n uqbal: xas / $as, xas ulama, xas akken. Tid n userwes: akken, amzun, am wakken... Tid n tewtilt: ma, limer, lemmer, lukan
Ilu$ma
Akez tis$unin n usagel, smel-itent elaêsab n unamek nsent. �• Yewwev di tafat acku iruê zik. � Limer ad d-yeîîuqqet ugeffur, ad a$-yawi uêemmal. � Xas meééi, yefhem kra yellan. �• Ixeddem akken yezmer. � Mceê taberkukest akken ad ak-yekkes usemmiv. � Ma yezmer, ad d-yerr ttaô. � Seg wakken teebba, tekna. Ddem snat tefyar tiêerfiyin, suffe$-d yis-sent tafyirt tuddist s tes$unt n usagel ����Azekka, ad kkre$ zik. Ad awve$ di lawan s a$erbaz. ( iswi) � Yeeya. Yeseedda sin yiswan. ( aqbal). � Zemre$. Ad zegre$ asif yeêmel. ( tawtilt) � Kra yekka yiv, nettat teqqar. Azekka-nni ad teseeddi akayad. ( tamentilt) � Yettermimiz. Yettargu. ( aserwes)
75
Taseftit
Imal yezwaren
£er imedyaten-a � Aeejmi-agi, mi ara d-tawev tefsut, ad yili yenza.
Asmi ara d-ase$, ad ya$ lêal yeqqur leêcic � Ad yili yeîîes, akka imir-a.
�
£er wacu i ftin yimyagen n tefyar-a? 2. Imyagen “yenza” akked “yeqqur” ftin $er yizri . I tigawt nsen di tefyar-a, tevra ne$ mazal? 3. D acu i d-yemmalen ur tevri ara? 4. Qren gar “mi ara d-tawev” akked “ad yili yenza”. Anta tigawt ara yezwiren tayev? 5. I wazal tesea tefyirt tis tlata “ad yili yeîîes”, teedel akked snat timezwura ne$ ala? 6. D acu ilaqen, ihi, i wakken asumer deg yella “ad yili + amyag yeftin $er yizri”, ad asnefk azal n yimal yezwaren? Qren gar snat tefyar-a, deg unamek. Ad yili yeffe$. Mi ara awve$ s axxam, ad yili yeffe$.
1.
76
]
1
Ad cfu$
Ad yili + amyag yeftin $er yezri ne$ ad ya$ lêal+ amyag $er yizri mmalen imal yezwaren, meêsub d tigawt ara yevrun $er sdat maca uqbel tigawt niven ara yevrun deg yimal ula d nettat. Mi ara yili ad yili + amyag yeftin $er yezri weêd-s kan, ur yettwaqren ara $er tigawt niven n yimal ne$ $er wakud n yimal, yezmer ad d-imel kra deg icukk kan bnadem ad yevru ( am tefyirt tis tlata). Llant temnavin ideg ssexdamen da$en ad ta$ akka am ad + ili. D acu kan deg waydeg mxalafen: ili mazal ifetti d wudmawen akk, ma 1d ad ta$, kan akka i yett$imi.
Ilu$ma
Akez imal yezwaren di tefyar-a: �• Azekka, ad yili yiîij. �• Mi ara d-yekker tanezzayt, ad ili$ zegre$ i wasif. �• Terza $er Tizi-Uzzu, ad d-ta$ iselsa. �• Mi ara truê $er Tizi-Uzzu, ad ilint fukkent tqendyar-nni. �• Akka imir-a, ad yili yeîîes. � Asmi ara yergel iberdan udfel, ad t-ya$ lêal yemnee.
Tirawalt
Tizdit gar tenze$t d umqim awsil
� �
Imedyaten � Yerzef $er gma-s.
Yerzef $ur-s. � Yebna deg wakal-is.
�
Yebna deg-s. Yeffe$ d yimeddukkal-is. � Yeffe$ yid-sen.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Amek i asen-qqaren i yisemmaden i d-ggarent tenza$? D acu i yezmer ad yili usemmad s tenze$t: d isem ne$ d amqim awsil? Ay$er ur ineîîev ara umqim awsil $er tenze$t? D acu yessenfal umqim awsil n tenze$t? D acu yellan gar tenze$t d umqim awsil?
]
1 2 3
Ad cfu$
Amqim udmawan yezmer ad yili d ilelli ( nekk, keçç, netta…) ne$ d awsil ama n yisem ( isem-iw), ama n umyag ( yessen-iyi, yenna-as), ama n tenze$t ( fell-asen, fell-i…). gar tenze$t d umqim awsil tettili tezdit. Yu$ lêal yal mi ara yili umqim d awsil, Gar-as d wawal wu$ur yeqqen tettili tezdit, ay akken yeb$u yili wawal-nni. Gret tamawt: kra n tenza$ ttbeddilent ciîîuê gar mi ara yili d isem i tent-id-ivefern akked mi ara yili d amqim awsil: s ® yis-, d ® yid-, $er ® $urTanze$t « ar » yeîîafar-itt yisem ilelli, ma d amaruz i tt-id-ivefren, teêsiv d $er i ilaq ad taruv; ur ilaq ara ad taruv: iruê ar uxxam.
Ilu$ma
Tazabut � • La ttnadi$ fell-am, anida telliv? � Win yewwten deg-ne$ la smaê. � Ufan-a$ abrid wigi sennig-ne$. Senfel yal isem s umqim awsil n tenze$t. � Tezdel ddaw yis$aren. � Yecrek d watmaten-is. � Iqeîîu-d s yidrimen. � Yewqee gar yiéra. �• Yunag $er temdint. � Yekka-d nnig yimeddukkal-is. Kkes allus s umqim awsil n tenze$t. � Yu$-d takerrust. Ixeddem s tkerrust. � Iêemmel taftist. deg unebdu, ittruêu $er teftist. � Yeddem-d iblaven. Yewwet aqjun s yiblaven. � Iêemmel arraw-is. Ixeddem $ef warraw-is.
77
d asexdem n tira $ef yiéekwan i d-lemden $ur-sen. Acku di temnavin niven n Tmaz$a –- deg umalu, deg tlemmast, deg tneéruft - $ef yiéra ay uran s tfina$ maca d iéra yexvan iéekwan. Ula d leemer n tfina$ yemmal-d belli di Tmaz$a i d-frurint. Imussnawen yettnadin deg temsalt n umezruy nsent, ufan d tira yellan deg utaram, meêsub tid ibeeden $ef Qerîaj, ay d tiqdimin akk. Limer si Qerîaj i d-kkant tira-a nne$ tili d tid iqerben $er temdinin n Yifniqen ara yilin d tiqdimin, ad agarent tiyav. Yerna, da$en, akken b$un semm$en Yifniqen tira nsen d yidles nsen, ur ten-ssawaven ara alama d tamiwin iggugen aîas fell-asen, am tneéruft d Tegzirin Tiknariyin. Tis tlata, amcabi ttemcabin yisekkilen ur yesei azal ameqqran acku drus i yettemcabin yerna isekkilen n tfina$ d at-t$emmar ( [, Ψ… H,][ , ...) ma d wid n Yifniqen ur sein ara ti$emmar. Mebla ma nettu, tifina$, ttarun-tent, zik-nni, seg usawen d akessar ma d agemmay afniqi iteddu seg uyeffus s azelmav. Ihi, tagrayt n wawal d ta: izmer lêal, $er Yifniqen i d-lemden yimezwura nne$ asemres n tira $ef yiéekwan maca ur d-wwin ara $ur-sen agemmay. Amek, agemmay newwi-t-id maca nbeddel-as tanila? Ay$er? Amek, tira nelmed-itt-id $er Yifniqen maca anagar setta n yisekkilen i yettemcabin gar tfina$ d tira nsen? Ay$er ara nbeddel tal$a i yisekkilen akk slid setta? Tamsalt-a n umcabi, ur tetteedday ara di tewwurt. Ma yella kra n umcabi i$ef d-tewwi ad d-mmeslayen yimussnawen d win yellan gar tfina$ d yizamulen n téuri n Yimazi$en: aîas n yisekkilen n tfina$ i yettemcabin $er wunu$en yellan $ef yiéra ne$ $er rrqem i ttgent tlawin deg uéeîîa d win sunu$ent $ef leêwal n tala$t akked d wid i xeddment d ticrav. D unu$en-agi akk i d asurif amezwaru n Yimazi$en $er tira. Seg-sen i d-frurint tfina$. Ulac agemmay di ddunit i d-yennulfan kan akka $ef tikkelt. Di t$ermiwin akk, tella tallit i d-ineoren abrid i ugemmay. Limer s tidet d arval i d-nervel tira tafniqit, ay$er ur d-nufi ara ivrisen n tmazi$t uran s ugemmay afniqi am wakken llan kra n yivrisen yuran s yisekkilen n taerabt di tallit talemmast akked wid yuran s ugemmay n tefransist di lqern wis 19 asmi d-kecmen Yirumyen? Aîas n temsal mazal ur frint ara, tewwi-d ad nesse$z deg-sent. Tewwi-d da$en ad d-nini belli aîas n yimazrayen i yeb$an ad a$-sneîven tamsalt-a n urval, amzun akken kra yellan $er wiyiv i t-id-newwi, ur yelli kra i d-nesnulfa. B$an ad a$-wellhen d ubrid n tatut d nngar. Di taggara, ad nessali awal akka: tifina$ d Imazi$en i tent-id-yesnulfan. Kunwi a tisutiwin n wass-a, yessefk ad teérem belli asmi tamazi$t nne$ tesea tira, aîas n tutlayin ( Gar tid i d-yufraren ass-a di ddunit) mazal ur d-nnulfant ara. Ihi, ayen ihudd umezruy, ad t-ibnu umezruy.
R.E Negmer-d kra n tikta i tira n uvris-a Seg uvris n S. HACHI akked S. CHAKER
79
Tigzi n uvris
å I wumi yettmeslay umaru deg uvris-a? ç Deg uvris llant snat n turdiwin (leôyuy), ini-d anti? é Anta turda i ira umaru ad tt-ihudd? Anta turda ukkud yeb$a ad neddu? è Suffe$-d seg uvris ifukal i$ef ters yal yiwet si turdiwin. ê Amaru n uvris yeqqim d arawsan ne$ yemla-d einani imal $er yiwet n turda mgal
tayev? Amek? Segzi-d. Anwa amur n uvris ideg d-issken sani imal
ë Suffe$-d seg uvris imedyaten i yessexdem umaru akken ad d-issegzi ifukal-is.
80
]
Ad cfu$
Avris imesfukel d avris ideg win i t-yuran yettnadi ad ibeddel tidmi (ôôay) n win ara tye$ren $ef kra n temsalt. Ad ierev ad t-isellez (ad t-iqennee) s takti ines, ad t-id-yawi $er tmu$li ines. Daymi, di tuget, ameskar n uvris imesfukel, maççi d arawsan, yettmili $er kra n takti ne$ kra n tidmi. Da$-netta aîas n tmitar, deg uvris, i yes$alen $ur-s am yimqimen d yimataren n wudem amezwaru ( ama n wasuf, ama n usget): nekk / nekkni, ...$, n…; ….-iw, …nne$,.-iyi, …ya$, atg. Avris imesfukel yezmer ad yeddes s snat n turdiwin. A$awas-is, ad yili akka: tazwart, ad d-yebder deg-s umaru tamukrist ne$ tamsalt i$ef ara d-yawi awal; taseddart n turda tamezwarut; taseddart niven n tmeglurda ( turda mgal tamezwarut); taseddart n tsemlilt, ad yeerev deg-s ad yessemlil turda d tmeglurda, ad d-yeffe$ s yiwen ôôay. Yal turda tbedd $ef yifukal, wigi da$en bedden –- xas akken tikwal kan - $ef yimedyaten. Di tuget, d turda ira ad tt-isse$li umaru i d tamezwarut; tameglurda tettas-d d tis snat i wakken ad d-tejbed ame$ri.
Asefru
Imazi$en
Zed$en lemwaji n rrmel Akked yidurar n waman Zed$en times d udfel I asen-itt$iman $e f yigelman Zed$en Aîlas akked Ttel £e f i d-gman Zed$en amada$ tiégi f t$altin sersen tudrin Vsan i yal inebgi a I sen-i$evmen tiyedrin Sseêra s lxir tneggi Nutni ur t-érin
£e
Zed$en idles, tutlayin Si lemqadra n yi$erfan Am warrac am teêdayin Lemmden $er widak yecfan Ass-a, Imazi$en ur eyin Myufan Zed$en tamurt n llhu Yesdukkel yisem n Tmaz$a Ad nekkes ssbi$a I tlisa i d-igan macahu £ef lbaîel nnehhu Afus nne$ uroin yen$a D agellid la$a S tmazi$t tugdut ad telhu.
ØØØ
ØØØ
Zed$en fad n bessif Zed$en teréeg n wussan Amezruy d asif Yessemsan lateô ansi d-usan Ay iîij nsen uxsif A tafat nsen yensan Sean tiî ad tsiff Idisan n kra n win d-iksan Zed$en ccfawa n tatut Ceffun kan $ef tmucuha Yal wa anda ieebba aêtut D ubrid-is iwehha Amezruy win ib$un yaru-t Ur nnin: ha!
ØØØ
ØØØ
Imazi$en Imula
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ØØØ [...]
81
& Avris
Tagzemt tis
Öadyu d yidlisen
2
Tallit n wass-a, d tallit n tal$ut d teywalt. Amdan, yezga yettaf-d iman-is am win ibedden gar sin n yiberdan. Yettas-as-id ufran yeweer, gar t$uri d usmuzget. ÔÖadyu tettas-d s sshala, mebla leetab. Amseflid n ôadyu isell isalan s yives, ad yebren kan tiqeffilt ad d-yeîîef. £as asefled n ôadyu yettas-d s sshala ur nezmir ara ad d-nini ta$uri n yidlisen tekfa. Imi di tmura sut-t$erma meqqren am Fransa, Lalman d Marikan… ad ilin yimdanen i iêemmlen ad qqimen i yiman nsen akken ad xemmen amek ara gzun amaval ideg ddren. Maca ass-a, ad yesêissef umdan $ef uktam n yime$riyen n yidlisen ula di tmura yesean ansay aqbur deg yidles yuran. £as akka, ta$uri n yidlisen ur tettmettat ara. Acimi ? Acku adlis yettawes-a$ ad neswingem mi nella di tussaft, d netta i d asafar i ugezdef. Adlis d ameddakkel n umdan, uroin i as-yessuter kra, uroin i t-yesnu$ni anagar tamussni i as-d-yettawi $ef yimedyazen, d yineggalen, d yimassanen… d netta i d takatut n talsa. Deg yidlisen i nezmer ad d-nagem timeayin n ddunit. Kra n wayen neéra ne$ nessen deg-s i yella. Yis-s i nettaga aswingem d umahil aggag. Di tumert ne$ deg u$ilif, adlis yezga $er yidis nne$, yerna yessinig-a$ mebla idrimen $er yi$iren uroin nwala, nrezzu $er-sen mebla ma nga asurif. Kra n umdan i yeqqaren idlisen, ldin-as allen, fkan-as tamussni ad as-tessken iberdan. Degmi, imir-a, ime$riyen n tidet ur zmiren ara ad rewlen $ef t$uri ne$ ad tt-ooen imi teqqel-asen d asedwel, d tannumi.
82
Asegzi n wawalen
Yudsen, ades: qerreb Swingem (d awal n tcelêit): xemmem Tussaft : mi ara teqqimev weêd-k. Tal$ut: isalan Aktam: anqas
Ad nnadi $ef unamek n uvris
å Acu i iêemmel umdan, d adlis ne$ d asefled n ôadyu? ç Acu i t-id-yemmalen? é Amek yettarra usefled n ôadyu amdan? è Acu i d-tettawi t$uri n yidlisen i umdan? ê Ayen d adlis i yesean ame$lid aîas? ë Efk-d ifukal? í Ayen ur yezmir ara ume$ri n tidet ad yeoo ta$uri?
83
Amawal
1.
Efk-d sin wawalen yezdin aéar d wawal « takatut » , rnu-d sin akked wawal « talsa » . i d anamek n tenfalit ?
2. Acu
�
Yufa-d iman-is am win ibedden gar sin yiberdan ? � Adlis d takatut n talsa? � Nrezzu $er tmura mebla ma nga asurif ?
3. Efk-d
inemgalen n wawalen-agi
Md: Tumert ≠ a$ilif Asmuzget ≠ ¹ �• Amiri ≠ �• Su$ ≠ �• ÎïÏîef ≠ � Kcem ≠ ¹ � Snu$ni ≠
�•
–4.
Nadi-d deg uvris aknaw i wawalen-agi Asmuzget = Tallit n wass-a = � Yettawi-d = � Sshala =
� �
5.
Af-d ismawen n tigawt n yimyagen-agi Md: Sefled ® asefled Sêisef ® qqim �• éer ® � Izmir ® � Suter ® � Swingem ®
� �
6.
Suffe$-d seg uvris aktawal n usikel.
84
Tajerrumt
£er imedyaten-agi
Tis$unin n t$uni
B$i$ ad ddu$ maca uggade$ imennan. Ass-a d uzekka, d ageffur. � Argaz akked tmeîîut-is qqimen $er lkanun. � Ad yeddu ne$ ad yeqqim.
� �
1. Acêal n yisumar i yellan di tefyirt tamezwarut? 2. Anwa awal swayes qqnen? 3. I di tefyirt tis snat, acu-ten wawalen i yeqqen « d »? 4. I di tefyirt taneggarut, acu-ten wawalen i yeqqen « ne$ 5. Acu xeddmen wawalen « d, ne$ ... »? 6. Amek i asen-nessawal?
»?
]
1 3
Ad cfu$
Tafyirt tumyigt yesean ugar n yiwen umyag, qqaren-as tafyirt tuddist. Tafyirt tuddist, llan deg-s, ma ulac, sin yimuren i wumi qqaren isumar. Assa$ gar sin yisumar-a yezmer ad yili d ta$uni ne$ d asagel. (èÉer tamsirt $ef usagel akked t$uni). Ta$uni tezmer ad tili mebla tas$unt md: yeçça, yeswa maca yettili da$en s tes$unt n t$uni (yecban tigi i dnefren s wadda). Tas$unt d awal armeskil. Llant tes$unin n usagel, llant tid n t$uni. Tis$unin n t$uni teqqnent awal s awal ne$ asumer s asumer. Maca awalen d yisumaragi tt$iman d ilelliyen. Ha-tent-a kra n tes$unin n t$uni: d, akked, ne$, maca, ahat, yerna, d$a, lad$a, wamag(wanag), ihi, walakin, maena… tis$unin n t$uni bvant d taggayin almend n unamek nsent.
Ilu$ma
Derrer tis$unin di tefyar i d-iteddun. �����Tamda-agi zeddiget ihi telha i usuccef. � Asuccef deg yilel yelha maca yeweer. � Ad d-yas ne$ ad t-nekkes. � Qqimen yinelmaden akked yiselmaden nsen. � Ur d-yusi ara, ihi yuven. 2 Smed ilmawen s tes$unin-a: ne$, maca, d$a, maena. � D sskeô … d tisent? � Ad iruê …. ad yeqqim. � Yeb$a ad yeddu…. yuven. � Ye$li…. yemmut. � D igellil …. yu$-d takerrust. Semres tis$unin-agi di tefyar s-$ur-k. � Maca, ihi, ne$, akked, d$a.
85
Taseftit
Tafelwit n tseftit
Asefti n yimyagen « seddu », « myaru ». Smed tafelwit-a Izri Udmawen n tseftit Izri ilaway Izri ibaway Urmir Urmir s « ad » Anav aêerfi
dm. 1u dm. w2 dm. w3 m. dm. w3 nt. dm. 1u dm. w2 m. dm. w2 nt. dm. w3 m. dm. w3 nt. Ama$un n wurmir:
Ama$un n yizri: Ilaway : Ibaway : Udmawen n tseftit dm. 1u dm. w2 dm. w3 m. dm. w3 nt. dm. 1u dm. w2 m. dm. w2 nt. dm. w3 m. dm. w3 nt. Urmir ussid
asget
asuf
Anav ussid
Ama$un n wurmir ussid: Ilaway: Ibaway: Isegzal: dm. = udem m. = amalay nt. = unti dm 1u = udem amezwaru dm w2, w3 = udem wis sin, udem wis tlata.
86
asget
asuf
Tirawalt
£er imedyaten-agi
Yedda-d gma-s Iôuê $ur-sen. � Yefka-as-ten-in ivelli. � Ad d-yas azekka. � Ad n-yeddu yid-sen Meqran. � Ad tent-in-yazen akked baba-s.
� �•
Tizdit
1. Muqel amedya amezwaru, acu nerra gar umyag d tzel$a n tnila ? 2. Kkset tizdit te$rem-d amedya i tikkelt tis snat. Ibeddel unamek ne$ 3. Anda nerra tizdit? 4. Muqlet imedyaten, tinim-d anda nettarra tizdit? 5. Acu$er i tt-nettarra dinna?
ala?
]
1
� �
Ad cfu$
Nettarra tizdit : �• Gar umyag d tzel$iwin n tnila: Md: yusa-d, ad d-yas. Ad n-yas, yusa-n. � Gar yisem d uwsil-is (deg wasuf kan): Md: axxam-is, maca axxam nsen, axxam ines. � Gar umyag d yiwsilen-is (ama zwaren ama ggran, ama d isemmaden usriden ama d irusriden). Md: - Yewwi-as-ten-id. - Ad as-ten-id-yawi. � Gar tenze$t d uwsil-is: Md: $ur-sen, ddaw-as, nnig-i �• Gar yiwsilen n umyag d tzel$iwin n tnila: Md: ad as-ten-in-yawi.
Ilu$ma
Err tizdit anda iwata. Irvel asen ten sin n yiseggasen aya maca ar ass a yiwen ur inuda ad as ten id yerr. Mi n yewwev, ini as ad yi d yessiwel akken ad t sfehme$. � Acêal i as fkan deg s? � Melmi i d tewwiv awal fell as? A$ ççen ibeeeac Ad yekfu leebd yettfuxun
2
Efk-d imedyaten i kra n wanda tella tezdit.
87
& Avris
Tira d umaru
Deg useggas n 1974, Muêemmed Garfi d Ben Muêemmed sean yiwet n tesgilt di ôadyu tis-snat, isem-is : “Timlilit n ddurt, yal wa ad as-nbedd $ef tewwurt”. £ef waya, ôuêen yiwen wass $er Dda Lmulud $er CRAPE anda yella di lawan-nni d imvebber. Steqsan-t $ef wamek i yettwali axeddim n umaru, amek i ilaq ad yaru, d acu i$ef ilaq ad yaru…” yerra-asen-d:
Tiririt i temsalt i icban tagi t$umm kan, balak txulef ayen i wumi tsellev yal ass anda niven, axaîer akka i t-wala$ lameô-agi. Amek ? Ur ilaq ara ad as-yini umdan i wayev d acu n yixef i ilaqen ad t-yaru. Amdan ad yili i yiman-is kan. Nekk ilaq-iyi ad aru$ s temsalt-agi ne$ s tayev, axaîer ma tenniv i yiman-ik : ilaq ad aru$ s temsalt-a ne$ s ta, d ayen n dir ara taruv. Ur yeedil ara umaru ara d-yesnulfun adlis ara d-yini seg uqerru-s, seg wul-is, akked win ara yarun idlisen ne$ i$misen yellan d aslav. Aslav d aslav, tira d tira. Sin n yiberdan-agi ur edilen ara, amek ? Ma twalav ilaq, ad d-thedrev $ef uxxam ne$ $ef wayev, teériv ilaq-ak ad d-tiniv ayen yellan, ayen twala tiî-ik d wayen yesla umeééu$-ik; ad tesfehmev i l$aci ayen ahat ur érin ara. Maca win i d-yesnulfuyen adlis ne$ taqsivt ne$ ayen niven, mi ad d-teffe$ seg uqerru-s, maççi d aslev kan, ilaq ula s-$ur-s ad yernu kra, yerna a-t-an yeéra tamsalt-nni. Ma teooivtt kan akken s-ufella, amar ad d-yas wayen ara txedmev, ur d-tetteffe$ ara akken ilaq; ilaqak ad tt-tkemlev alama d ayen tgerrez, meêsub ur tettizmirev ara ad ternuv syin akkin. Deg mi ula d netta s yiman-is yettêussu s wanect-agi, amek? Yella wass, ad d-tekkrev ûûbeê, ad d-tafev igenni icbeê, ad t-id-tafev yeldi-a$ tiwwura, tikta ad d-ttôuêunt seg uqerru ne$ seg wul, ad asent-êusse$ laqent. D akken, win ara tent-ye$ren, win ara tent-iwalin urant di tektabt, ad tent-yaf laqent, ôuêent-d akken yelha.
88
Llant tûebêiyin niven, ad d-tekkrev, ad d-tafev igenni i$umm, sekkwôent tewwura-s, ayen? Axaîer ass-nni ur d-yeldi ara walla$-ik $ef wayagi. Yella lxilaf gar wayen ara taruv teériv-t d wayen ara taruv ur t-teériv ara. Ur ilaq ara i umdan ad d-yesnulfu ayen i d-yenna uqerru-s, acku d amdan am yimdanen niven, ad d-yini ayen i$ef mlalen, ayen i t-yeenan, ayen yellan di lbal meôôa. Ilaq ad d-thedrev $ef wayen i ized$en di lbal i medden meôôa, ma d ayen i d-qqaren nutni s yiman nsen, yal ûbeê ad afen menwala ad t-id-yini, fiêel ma tenniv-t-id, ur d-tenniv ara ayen ara stenfeen medden. Ma d$a di tmurt nne$, d ayen i isehlen. Amek? Tamurt nne$, tewwi-d tilelli maççi aîas aya. Akken kan tebda deg ubrid-agi amaynut, tamurt d taqdimt, maca d ayen ara d-yini i ixuûûen, nekk ad d-ini$ iîîuqet, iççuô; fehme$ taekemt-nni i wumi ur zmiren ara yimdanen, d ayen ur nferru, maca ilaq-as ad ifren garasent, ilaq tin ara yextir ad tt-ye$z alama win ara as-d-islen ad as-yaf anamek i wayen i dyeqqar.»
Seg « Awal $ef Dda Lmulud » sb : 47- 49
Ad nnadi $ef unamek n uvris
]
å ç é è ê ë í
Amek i yettwali umeskar tamsalt n tira ? Acu n umgired i iwala gar tira d tmenna? £ef wacu i d-tewwi ad yaru umeskar? Acu$er? I umaru amek i as-d-tewwi ad yaru $ef temsalt? Melmi i yettaf umaru iman-is di tira? I mi ara nettaru $ef tmurt, acu i d-tewwi ad t-id-nini fell-as? Teshel tira n yidlisen ne$ teweer ? Acu$er ?
Ad cfu$
Avris imesfukel d avris ideg win i t-yuran yettnadi ad ibeddel tidmi (ôôay) n win ara t-ye$ren $ef kra n temsalt. Ad ierev ad t-isellez (ad t-iqennee) s takti ines, ad t-id-yawi $er tmu$li ines. Daymi, di tuget, ameskar n uvris imesfukel, maççi d arawsan, yettmili $er kra n takti ne$ kra n tidmi. Da$-netta aîas n tmitar, deg uvris, i yes$alen $ur-s am yimqimen d yimataren n wudem amezwaru ( ama n wasuf, ama n usget): nekk / nekkni, ...$, n…; ….-iw, …nne$,.-iyi, …ya$, atg. Avris imesfukel yezmer ad yeseu yiwet kan n turda.
Afares s tira
Deg yiseggasen-agi ineggura nettwali tawennavt terka, tlu$ maççi d kra. Tadawsas temmar. Acu i d-tewwi ad t-yexdem umdan akken ad iêareb $ef tdawsa-s d twennavt ideg yettidir.
89
Asefru
Abernus amellal
Tamu$li-w s adrar tvul Mmeslaye$ d wul Yenna-k kra ur iyi-ihwi
ØØØ
ÊËusse$ ittmeyyiz yettmuqul £ ef tevsa yeggul Mudde$-as lêeqq ma yerwi
Kkes-d anida ur yeddi Lebda d ibeddi Nnif yezga d amwanes-is
ØØØ
Ay abernus mellulen Ay$er i k-beddlen Tettun seg wansi i d-tekkiv
ØØØ
Abernus yellan mellul Beddlen-as nnul Ass-a yu$al d aqehwi […]
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Ay abernus amellal A mmi-s n leêlal Teêsiv s yifassen i k-yezvan
Ay atma aql-i-n mlelli$ Uggade$ ad $li$ Maççi d aîîan ay uvne$
ØØØ
Tevra d wul amzun yessev Mi k-yeéra tumsev Yesseréeg ula d ired […]
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Bab-ik rran-t d tisulal De g wasmi ara d-ilal Ulac teréeg i t-yexvan
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Kkes-d lmeêna ur d-imlal Yerna ur yuklal Yectaq ives ula deg wuvan
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Ëekkun-iyi-d $ef jeddi Mi ara d-ieeddi Am yizem s ubernus-is
Ad nnadi $ef unamek n usefru
Ayen yeggul wul $ef tevsa? Acu i t-yerzan? Anwi i yettlusun abernus? Amek i d-yettban mi i t-yelsa?
Ay atma ur gezzmet layas I tmennam ad d-yas Aggur am wass-a ad d-ilal
Ïeyyeb EEBDELLI ¦ Seg udlis «Anthologie de la poésie kabyle » de Yusef NASIB
ê Amek tga ti$mi? ë Amek tu$al tura? í Amek i rran bab n ubernus? ì Acu-t waggur i$ef d-yettmeslay umeskar?
90
Ad ktazle$ iman-iw
Acu i twalav deg usenfar i d-turam?
Wali ma tzemrev :
ê Ad takzev avris imesfukel? ç Ad t-tegzuv ? é Ad d-tmeslayev $ef kra n temsalt yerna ad d-tefkev fell-as ifukal ? è Ad d-tefkev asentel d yifukal iwatan ? ê Ad d-te$rev avris imesfukel yerna ad tegzuv ? ë Ad d-txedmev agzul i uvris i wumi tesliv ? í Ad d-talsev i uvris te$riv s tmenna?
Melmi i tettafev iman-ik? mi txeddmev:
å ………. ç ………. é ………. è ……….
weêd-k ? di sin ? d agraw ? d yinelmaden n tesmilt akken ma llan ?
Muqel ma tzemrev ?
å Ad takzev imal yezwaren ? ç Ad takzev tis$unin n t$uni? é Ad takzev tis$unin n usagel? è Ad takzev addad n yisem? ê Ad d-terrev tizdit kra n wanda twata? ë Ad tesmersev akk timeéra d tal$iwin n yimyagen?
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Tamazi$t Abadad (seg bedd, bded : être debout) (pan-berbère) Afatus, (ifutas) (seg ftutes: être émietté) (kb) Agari (M.A) Agensay (Seg Agensu = intérieur) dialecte du Maroc Agezdef (clh) Amday (seg mdey= monter Ame$lid (L j l) Amiri ( seg ri, er : aimer) (LJL, MC£) Amnafeq (kb) Amrig (MW) Amseflid (MW) Anallas (seg n : agent + ales : raconter, narrer) Anamkay (seg anamek: sens ) Anammal (seg mel: indiquer) (kb) Anaw (clh) Armas
(M.A) ( M.A)
Tafransist Arrêt Détail Cartouche Intérieur (adj.) Paresse, oisiveté, désoeuvrement Montage Bienfait, interêt Ami, amant Bandit dʼhonneur Arme Auditeur, écouteur. Narrateur Sémantique Indicateur Type Récepteur Réception
Anermas (seg rmes: saisir, recevoir)
Asagel (seg agel: suspendre, dépendre) seg : lexique de BERKAI Subordonnation Asatal (B.B) Contexte Asektem (MW) Aselkim (lexique informtique de S. SAAD) Asmugen (seg meggen= penser, réfléchir ( M.A) Asurif (kb). Awes (kb) Ayis Az$aray (Seg az$ar = extérieur (MZ) Fates Imesfukel (seg afakul : argument) (mw) Ktem (MW)
Llez (kb)
Débit, diminution Ordinateur Conception Pas (le) Aider Cheval Extérieur Etre détaillé Argumentatif Débiter, diminuer Etre content, convaincre Etre calme, tranquille
Nnirset (M.A)
92
32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53
Sefled (MW) Sfates Ste$ (M.A) Stummen (kb) Swingem Tabagust Tafala (M.A) Tagrayt (MW) Takalast (B.B) Takatut (MC£) Tal$ut (MW) Tamdayt ( M.A) Tameglurda (seg mgal: contre+ turda: hypothèse) Tamenzit (timenziyin) ( M.A) Tanedlist ( seg n: lieu + adlis) Tarelkint (Ar+lken= être sûr, certain) Tiggit (MC£) Timririn (kb) et (M.A) Tullist (MW) Tussaft (L j l) Udad (MC£) Yergeg (kb)
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93


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text:
Tafsut taɛrabt
« Tafsut taɛrabt » d tagrumma n tagayin timeẓwiyin yedran deg kra n timura n umaḍal aɛrab d Tafriqt ugafa seg dujamber 2010. Tanfalit « Tafsut taɛrabt » t sawel-d ar « Tafsut n iɣerfan » n 1848. Iwliwlen agi igrawalen iɣlanen[1] semman-asen daɣen tigrawliwin tiɛrabin, tinekriwin tiɛrabin, neɣ daɣen « ankar aɛrab[2] », kra qaren-as tagrawla Facebook, tagrawla Twitter daɣen tagrawla 2.0 skud asseqdec n iẓeḍwan imettiyen yexater. S wukud, asget « Tifsutin tiɛrabin » yeqqim d tanfalit tamenyaft iwakken ad seknen tuggta n iwliwlen i ssegrewen ddaw isem agi.
- ↑ Gustave Massiah, « Tinekriwin tigrawalin : Semmus timeɣra timezwura », Centre tricontinental, tasufiɣt ass n 25 mayyu 2011
- ↑ Azwel n Manière de voir n Tafsut 2011

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Amedeo Avogadro
Amedeo Avogadro d amussnagamaw, amussakura aṭelyani, I d-yefkan turda ttwassnen s yisem alugen n Avogadro.
Ilul di Turin, di tazwara yeɣra akken ad d-yeffeɣ d abuga?u. Maca netta ittwet (Yettwalleh) ɣef tussnakt d tussagama.
Seg usseggwas n 1820, yuɣ amḍiq d aselmad n tussnagama di tesdawit n Turin. Iqdec ɣef trisiti d tferkiwin n uḥluli, ittwassen ɣef leqdic-is I d-yewwi daɣen ɣef lgaz.
Deg usseggwas 1911, Avogadro ifka-d alugen-a: sin wabelɣen n lgaz, yemsawan s tezɣelt d tuẓẓma), ɣur-sen yiwen wazal n molécules. Ilmend-is ifkan isem amḍan n Avogadro N = 6,023 . 1023, d amḍan n "les molécules" yellan deg tmulett (mole).


text:
Nikola Kopernik
Nikola Kopernik d amussnayyur, aẓar-is d apuluni. Ittwassen s teẓri I d-iqqaren : iṭij d areggag (ur ittmimiḍ ara) di tlemmast n umeɣrad (univers). Amaḍal itezzi ɣef yiman-is abrid i wass, deg usseggwas ɣef iṭij (système hélicocentrique).
Kupernik ilul ass n 19 di furar 1473 di temdint n Torun di tmurt n Pulunya, gar twacult n imzenza d yinawuren (fonctionnaires). Xal-is Lukas Watzelrude imended ɣef tɣuri ines. Deg usseggwas n 1491, Kupernik ikcem ɣer tesdawit n Krakubi, syin akkin iruḥ ar tmurt Ṭelyan ad iɣer tussna n tijjit d wezref di Padu (tasdawit anda isɣer, kra n 100 issegwassen d asawen, umussnaw ameqqwran Galili).
Deg usseggwas n 1497, yuɣ timsirin ɣef wezref di tesdawit n Bologne, din i yezdi taxxamt d usalmad amussnak Dominico Maria Novara (1454-1504). Kupernik, ilha-d s trakalt (géographie) d tussnayyurt (astronomie).
Deg usseggwas 1500, ifka isaragen ɣef tussnayyurt di Rome. Deg usseggwas 1503, Kupernik ikfa Duktura-ines n uzref, di Ferrare.
Seg usseggwas 1503 ar usseggwas 1510, Kupernik illa ɣer xal-is di Plogne. Gar usseggwas 1507 d usseggwas 1515, ikfa adlis ɣef tussnayyurt De Hypothesibus Motuum Coelestium a se Commentariolus. Deg usseggwas 1512, Kupernik ittekka di tesmilt I teknawt (comission de réforme) n uszemz. Deg usseggwas 1517, yura-d adlis ɣef isurdiyen, ibda lsas n udlis-is De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium I ikfa deg usseggwas 1530.
Zzat tegrawla takupernikit, imussnawen la d-qqaren: amaḍal ur ittmimiḍ ara. Tiknurin (planètes) illan tezzint I umaḍal.
Anagraw akuperniki (système de Copernic) ibedd ɣef: - Yiwet : amaḍal itezzi deg yiwen wass ɣef yiman-is, deg usseggwas ɣef iṭij. - Tis-snat, tiknurin nniḍden zgant tezzint ɣef iṭij.
S waya, Kupernik isebrurez-ed amek illa wass d yiḍ. Maca, ayen i d-inna, di lqern XVI, d kra kan imussnawen I t)irefden; I t-yumnen; tugett ugin ayen I d-yenna; ayen id- yufa.
Tamselyut[beddel]
- Tussna
- Tameddurt
- Amesnallun apuluni
- Amesnallun n timiḍi wisXVI
- Tasnallunt tabuḍant
- Tugna n taglizt takaṭulit tapulunit
- Amyaru n tutlayt talatint
- Tugna tapulunit n timiḍi wisXVI
- Tugna n Pruss
- Anelmad n tasdawit n Bulunya
- Anelmad n tasdawit Jagelun n Krakubya
- Talalit n 1473
- Talalit di Toruń
- Lmut n 1543
- Amezruy n unnay n Meɣres
- Wikipedia:Afecku n tuqqla n imeɣriyen


text:
Wikipedia:Igburen yelhan/Tasenṭit
Iwakken an ɛemmed i imeɣriyen nneɣ ad semɣeren iglan nsen n taɣuri, n fren, gar 2,295 imagraden n Wikipedia s teqbaylit, -1 imagraden yelhan d 29 iwwura yelhan id seknen tuggta akkw d tabaɣurt Wikipedia. Imagraden agi akkw d iwwura ttwaɛqilen s itri () deg tiɣmert timinegt tayeffust n usebter. Itri agi yebeddel ula d taceṛṛunt tamensayt (tamkuẓt) zdat azday agertutlayt imi amagrad nni yettwaɛqel am amagrad yelhan (yuklal i azwal am wagi) sɣur taẓrigt n Wikipedia deg tutlayt ay terza temsalt.
Iwakken an semɣer iglan n taɣuri n tasedkalt, -3 isental yelhan ssegrewen amur n -1 imagraden yelhan akkw d -1 imagraden yelhan. Isental agi ttwaɛqilen s itri () deg tiɣmert timinegt tayeffust n umagrad agejdan.
Ma t-ufiḍ neɣ t-cikkeḍ t-aruḍ amagrad ilaq ad yilli deg umuɣ agi, ssumer-it ɣef usebtar n igburen ahat yelhan. Deg tuttya, amagrad yellan deg useter agi, maca ur yelha ara (neɣ ma tfuk-as) yezmer ad yettwexxer dɣa ahat ad yettwekkes. Am imagraden am iwwura, d-acu kan iwwura sɛan isebdaden uzzigen. Ma tesneḍ asentel nniḍen imseknu, ssumer-it ɣef usebtar n isental ahat yelhan. Deg tuttya, asentel yellan deg useter agi, maca ur yelha ara (neɣ ma tfuk-as) yezmer ad yettwexxer dɣa ahat ad yettwekkes.
Label « Amagrad yelhan » yetwexleq i imagraden yesɛan aswir yelhan maca mazal ur uwḍen ara ar uswir n label « Amagrad yelhan ».


text:
Abxazya
Tigduda n Abxazya d tamurt d-yezgan ɣef yiri n Yilel Aberkan.
- Tamanaɣt ines : Suxumi (Sukhumi).
- Tutlayt tunsibt : tabxazit akk d trusit.
- Imezdaɣ : 216 000 (deg useggas 2003)
- Temɣer : 8 432 km2
- Isurdiyen: Rubel arusi.
- Aselway : Sergei Bagapsh.
Abxazya zik tetteki di Suvyat yedduklen. Mi tettwakkes Syvyat yedduklen. Tufa iman-is deg tmurt n Jurjya d acu kan teffeɣ seg-s deg 23 di yulyu 1992 lamaana ulac tamurt yestaarfen s uzarug ines ɣas akken Jurjya ur tettif acemmek deg Abxazya. Di 28 ɣuct 2008 , tafidiralit n Rrus d tamurt tamuzwarut yestaarfen s tmurt n Abxazya.


text:
Anwa akka yumnen belli Fransa tettɣalaf ɣef talwit deg Tmurt n Mali ? Anwa akka ara yamnen belli Lezzayer ur tessexdam ara irebraben i yellan deg Tmurt n Mali ? Yal tamurt tekkat ɣef tebḥirt-is, ma yella d tibḥirin n wid ur nezmir, ɣas s ẓẓerb n uzeggar d inijel i as-yezzin, tibḥirt-is ad tt-ttwafeggel. Ad as-feglen tibḥirt-is seg-sen ilefan ad asmen. Ad ak-feglen tibḥirt-ik yerna ad ak-sḍelmen, ɣer wiyaḍ d kečč i diri, d kečč i d amcum. Yettuɣaḍ mmi-s n taɣaṭ mi i t-yečča wuccen. Ttmeslayen ɣef tlelli, d nutni id bab n tugdut. Ayla-nsen bnan-t iḍelli, i wiyaḍ ttruẓun tawwurt. Arebrab d arebrab ɣas ur yesɛi ara aččamar, arebrab n Libya am win n Surya, ttemcabin akk ɣer wid n Mali akked wid n Lezzayer. Ur yelli urebrab yelhan, ur telli tugdut n dir. Ur yelli buččamar ḥninen, ur telli tlelli berriken. Tirwiḥen ɣer-wen ur ksibent yiwen wazal, ɣas teqqarem izerfan sɛedlen imdanen. Amdan d amdan; d bu sin iḍarren, ma d wid-nwen tsemɣim-asen-d afriwen. I aɣ-tefreḍ deg urebbi-inek a zzman n tlufa, tugdut d ddel akken-nni i ddukulen, tilelli d lbaṭel akken-nni i ttemizwaǧen. Aḥlil a win ur nezmir, aḥlin a win izemren! Yettuɣaḍ win i ken-yettamnen, yettuɣaḍ win iḥeṣlen ger-awen. Irnaten Murad
Akal n win ur nesɛi iɣil, terram-t d ayla-nwen. Akal-nwen ibnan imawlan-nsen s
yiɣil, yettuḥerem i tarwa-nsen.
Anwa akka yumnen belli Fransa tettɣalaf ɣef talwit deg Tmurt n Mali ? Anwa akka ara yamnen belli Lezzayer ur tessexdam ara irebraben i yellan deg Tmurt n Mali ?
Yal tamurt tekkat ɣef tebḥirt-is, ma yella d tibḥirin n wid ur nezmir, ɣas s ẓẓerb n uzeggar d inijel i as-yezzin, tibḥirt-is ad tt-ttwafeggel.
Ad as-feglen tibḥirt-is seg-sen ilefan ad asmen. Ad ak-feglen tibḥirt-ik yerna ad ak-sḍelmen, ɣer wiyaḍ d kečč i diri, d kečč i d amcum.
Yettuɣaḍ mmi-s n taɣaṭ mi i t-yečča wuccen.
Ttmeslayen ɣef tlelli, d nutni id bab n tugdut. Ayla-nsen bnan-t iḍelli, i wiyaḍ ttruẓun tawwurt. Arebrab d arebrab ɣas ur yesɛi ara aččamar, arebrab n Libya am win n Surya, ttemcabin akk ɣer wid n Mali akked wid n Lezzayer.
Ur yelli urebrab yelhan, ur telli tugdut n dir. Ur yelli buččamar ḥninen, ur telli tlelli berriken.
Tirwiḥen ɣer-wen ur ksibent yiwen wazal, ɣas teqqarem izerfan sɛedlen imdanen. Amdan d amdan; d bu sin iḍarren, ma d wid-nwen tsemɣim-asen-d afriwen.
I aɣ-tefreḍ deg urebbi-inek a zzman n tlufa, tugdut d ddel akken-nni i ddukulen, tilelli d lbaṭel akken-nni i ttemizwaǧen.
Aḥlil a win ur nezmir, aḥlin a win izemren! Yettuɣaḍ win i ken-yettamnen, yettuɣaḍ win iḥeṣlen ger-awen.
Irnaten Murad


text:
Rran tamurt d tiẓgi; win izemren wayeḍ ad t-yeḥqer. Lqanun rran-t d aɛekkaz, yes-s kkaten wid it-yugin! Aǧadarmi yekkes amḍiq i ccix n leǧamaɛ, ccix n leǧamaɛ yekkes amḍiq i yilef di lexla! Ur d-yegri wa issuɣen, ur d-yegri wa yennaɣen! Hudden izumal, rẓan ansayen, sderɣelen timuɣliwin, d acu i d-yegran deg wazalen? Trab tmetti, iberdan ɣer-s ur ssufuɣen. Yemmut wemdan deg yergazen d tlawin, seg-nneɣ usmen ula d lehwayec! Kksen-aɣ allen nnan:”walit!” Rẓẓan-aɣ ifadden nnan “azlet!” Gezmen-aɣ iles “nnan init!” Sɛerqen abrid ɣer yiman-nneɣ, sɛerqen awal iyimawen-nneɣ, sɛerqen tikli i iḍarren-nneɣ ! D lqella n tmusni ik-yerran a Muḥemmed d imḍebber! Win i d-yusan ad aɣ-yezzuɣer ɣer ujeǧǧiḍ-is, yal win i wumi i yeɛreq ubrid ad t-id-yaf s axxam-nneɣ! Win i wumi yeɛreq leḥsab ad t-id-yaf yes-neɣ! Ajeǧǧiḍ n wiyaḍ nkemmez-it ɣef izugar-nneɣ, nettuḥmad, ittaɛǧab-aɣ lḥal mi ara aɣ-d-yeḍs! Ur neẓri ara belli yella waɣẓaẓ yifen akmaz! Tibḥirt-nneɣ fegglen-tt yilfan, ass-mi nẓẓereb tin n lǧiran! Ayen akk ara ad nekk nettagad awal, d awal-agi ara aɣ-ihudden. Win yebɣan lebni ad as-d-yekk s wadda! Win yebɣan tidett ad tt-iqabel s lqedd! Ihdumen-agi i d-iẓedmen ɣer tudrin-nneɣ ɣer tmurt-nneɣ, ma yella neddukel am yiwen, ad uɣalen, ad mmḥun; s webrid i d-usan ara yuɣalen! Irnaten Murad
At iččumar raɛen di tudrin, ayen? Iǧadarmiyen raɛen di tudrin, ayen? Yal wa yessikid wayeḍ, yal wa yettraǧu deg-wayeḍ ad d-yini kra. Ur yelli win ara d-yezwiren ass-a, ur yelli win ara iqablen asif i d-iḥemlen! Tudrin uɣalent d annar i twaɣiyin, uɣalent d axxam i yir ccetla!
Ass-a win yeččan aɣrum di remḍan, at iččumar ad t-wwten, iǧadarmiyen ad t-awin ɣer lḥebs, at taddart ad t-zelmen, ad d-inin yir awal fell-as!
Rran tamurt d tiẓgi; win izemren wayeḍ ad t-yeḥqer. Lqanun rran-t d aɛekkaz, yes-s kkaten wid it-yugin! Aǧadarmi yekkes amḍiq i ccix n leǧamaɛ, ccix n leǧamaɛ yekkes amḍiq i yilef di lexla! Ur d-yegri wa issuɣen, ur d-yegri wa yennaɣen!
Hudden izumal, rẓan ansayen, sderɣelen timuɣliwin, d acu i d-yegran deg wazalen? Trab tmetti, iberdan ɣer-s ur ssufuɣen. Yemmut wemdan deg yergazen d tlawin, seg-nneɣ usmen ula d lehwayec!
Kksen-aɣ allen nnan:”walit!” Rẓẓan-aɣ ifadden nnan “azlet!” Gezmen-aɣ iles “nnan init!” Sɛerqen abrid ɣer yiman-nneɣ, sɛerqen awal iyimawen-nneɣ, sɛerqen tikli i iḍarren-nneɣ !
D lqella n tmusni ik-yerran a Muḥemmed d imḍebber! Win i d-yusan ad aɣ-yezzuɣer ɣer ujeǧǧiḍ-is, yal win i wumi i yeɛreq ubrid ad t-id-yaf s axxam-nneɣ! Win i wumi yeɛreq leḥsab ad t-id-yaf yes-neɣ!
Ajeǧǧiḍ n wiyaḍ nkemmez-it ɣef izugar-nneɣ, nettuḥmad, ittaɛǧab-aɣ lḥal mi ara aɣ-d-yeḍs! Ur neẓri ara belli yella waɣẓaẓ yifen akmaz!
Tibḥirt-nneɣ fegglen-tt yilfan, ass-mi nẓẓereb tin n lǧiran! Ayen akk ara ad nekk nettagad awal, d awal-agi ara aɣ-ihudden.
Win yebɣan lebni ad as-d-yekk s wadda! Win yebɣan tidett ad tt-iqabel s lqedd! Ihdumen-agi i d-iẓedmen ɣer tudrin-nneɣ ɣer tmurt-nneɣ, ma yella neddukel am yiwen, ad uɣalen, ad mmḥun; s webrid i d-usan ara yuɣalen!
Irnaten Murad


text:
Ayen i d-yernan d aneggaru : 13 Yennayer 2013.
Tiqbayliyen, Iqbaykiyen, di yal tama deg umaḍal, i lmend n umenzu n Yennayer, ssarameɣ-awen, s yisem n UNAVAḌ UƐḌIL N TMURT N YIQBAYLIYEN, aseggas ameggaz. Ɣas akken yennayer d ansay ireṣṣan deg umezruy-nneɣ, inker-it udabu azzayri. Lzzayer tunṣibt tefren ad tesfugel aseggas n waɛraben d win irumyen ur nesɛi aẓar wala assaɣ d wansayen n iɣerfan imaziɣen s umata. Adabu azzayri yekkat s wayen umi yezmer, s dɣel, i wakken ad yegzem akk iẓuran i aɣ-yeqnen nekni s imaziɣen ɣer umezruy-nneɣ. S waya yefka azal i yinɣimen d icenga-nneɣ, yerkeḍ imawlan n Tmurt, yessuli iɛdawen-is. Aɣref aqbayli i d-yennesren seg uẓar amaziɣ, mazal-it yeṭṭef, ar ass-a deg (...)
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