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« Tamcumt‑a n tudert wer deg‑s yelli wemquddi, ca n ḥedd tewca‑s, iwa ḥedd‑nneɣni tettekkes‑as. »zi Tebratin n Marzuq
Azwel: Tibratin n Marzouk Asegg°as n wufuɣ: 2022 Asufeɣ: Tariq l Idrissi Tira n usinaryu: Muḥammed Buzeggu Afares: Tamaziɣt Tv Abeddi x ufares: Taziri Production Tirart: Ɛebdelwahid Zzawki, Mimun Zennun, Benɛissa Lmestiri, Numidia, Racid Ameɛṭuk, Huyam Lemsisi, Meḥjub Ben Ssi Ɛli, wafa Miras, Samira Mesluḥi, Ɛalaa Benḥeddu, Cahira, Ḥasan Ajwaw, Ɛebdelɣani Buḥmidi, Islam Akbica, Acraf lyaɛqubi. Akud: 30 n texrazin, mkul ijt deg-s 25min Akatiguri: (Axiyyeq), Drama.
Tibratin n Marzuq, isennta zeg uneggar, yemmal‑aneɣ‑dd mamek ɣa ykemmel deg ij n tewlaft deɣya tettek tɛeddu, uca ittedwal ɣer Marzuq (Zzawki) yeqqim udem deg udem i lqaḍi (Rajaa Xermaz), yettɛwad‑as tḥajit‑nnes, nettat tettseqsa‑t. S senni yettmuttuy zeg‑neɣ useddi di texrazin‑nnes ɣer tewlafin i xef yettɛawad Marzuq.
Deg ij n ddcar qqaren‑as “Tamrabeḍt n wezzu”, Jer beddu n tmanyinat, d lwesṭ n tesɛinat, ɛlaḥsab min daneɣ‑dd‑tessiweḍ tteswirt, tmusiqt, ddikur, d tḥajit. Ij n wakuḍ yezwar i ttilifun d sintat. Akuḍ n tebratin.
Marzuq d Faktur n jjdid, yusa‑dd zi temdint ɣer ddcar‑a, mani ɣa yelqa aṭṭas n yemxumbal, beddan‑dd zi lmudir‑nnes ixeddmen faryaḍi, ɛeddan‑dd x yemxumbal n ayt‑bab n ddcar, tkemmalen ɣer yemxumbal‑nnes netta, aked temɣart‑nnes.
Tateswirt d tmesliwt
Zi texrazt tamzwarut, ittban‑aneɣ‑dd tteswirt tecna aṭṭas, deg‑s ikuluren ḥedqen, yeɣleb x‑asen ukulur n ttribizyun n lweqt‑nni. Tteswirt temmewc‑as deg useddi‑ya ij n taynit temɣar, tetteqḍiɛ mani ittxessa ad teqḍaɛ, tettekcif mani ɣa tekcef, tettejja wenni ɣa yeffurjen ad yennexḍef ɣir zeg‑s qbel ma ad yeffurej di tḥajit. S ij n kaliti (quality) nettaf ttsawar zeg uejenna mmalent‑idd tuzzegzewt d tazegzawt, tinni n llilet mmalent‑idd lilet s ṭya n tziri niɣ s cwayt n tfawt waha, wer ttweḍḍerint tefraz, wer tteqniḍent tiṭṭawin.
Aseddi ittirar di tlata ar rebɛa n imukan, azgen ameqqran- nnes di drust n yexxamen waha: Ixxamen n wesqif n imezdaɣ n ddcar, di yella limart n lebni aqdim, d lbiru n lbarid i di yella udikur n lweqt taqdimt, (lyewmiyya n buiɛiyyad, ttsawar d tiqdimin, siyyut, arraḍyu, ttilifun …), Tiwlafin nniḍen n ddcar, di tuzzegzewt, lbiru n lqaḍi di temdint, d lqehwa n temdint. Tiwlafin n imukan mani yella lɣaci aṭṭas, udrusent, am ubilaj niɣ parada n taxi. Mamec nettaka aked nnaqes zeg uɣeẓdis n ljew n lkampu (tifuqan, iyaẓiden, tiɣaṭin…).
Aseddi dag‑s tadewla ɣer yij n iḍennaḍt ɛeqlen‑as aṭṭas n yewdan ddren ɛad. ij n wakud yedder‑it Buzeggu i t‑yurin, d lidrissi i t‑yessufɣen, d ca zeg itarrasen de‑s yiraren. S uya, ksin‑dd aṭṭas n tewlafin mamek tent‑ttuɣa di lweqt‑nni, rrin taynit i waṭṭas n tmeslayin d timeẓẓyanin, i daneɣ-ittejjan wer nettettu melmi d mani ittirar useddi‑ya, waxxa zegga ɣa nettu s warruḍ i wer yellin n lweqt‑nni (niɣ wer yettbeddilen di ca n twalatin), niɣ yemxumbal tiknik i xef yessiwel marra wi deg‑s yeffurjen, am tsenyanin n ttrisinti, niɣ d lampat n ttrisinti, i yejjin marra iwdan ttseqsan, mani‑s idd‑tekka tfawt deg wakkuḍ n tebratin? Maca xmi nettaf lyawmiyya beddeln deg‑s nnumrawat¸ nettessen belli waxxa amenni, tettwarr yij n taynit temɣar i tmeslayin timeẓẓyanin.
Zeg uɣeẓḍis n ssut nettaf ɛawed ijj n taynit temɣer i lḥess n twennaḍt. Mamek nettaf ij n taynit tujer i yezlan, d llɣa n zik, Lalla buya n lweqt‑nni, di rraḍyu, niɣ s tnixt n Mulay (Zennun) d Qassem (Lyaɛqubi). Maca « Sounds Effects » neqsen aṭṭas, jjin taycit wer tettiweḍ mamek ittxessa ad taweḍ, kṭar ɛad tixraẓin yeɣleb x‑asent yij n llɣa, ittawi iterra deg useddi amen yekmel, « Sounds Effects » di tebratin n Marzuq, niɣ tmusiqt i dd‑ittmunan aked uxiyyeq, lefraḥet, tiggʷdi …, nettaf‑itt teḥḍar am wer teḥḍar, xelli wa d ij n umxumbel nettsura deg‑s di marra iseddan di neffurej.
Aɣennij n beddu d ukemmel yecna, s tnixt n Karim Lmarsi, yegga‑s llɣa n lalla Buya n lweqt‑nni. Maca tamusiqt‑nnes, teqqim deg yij n weklasi wer tt‑ittejji ad teqqim di lbal ɛemmars ad tettwattu.
Marzuq d iterrasen‑nneɣni
Iterrasen n lebda (main Characters) yiraren deg useddi‑ya, nettaf wi zzag‑sen yeggin tizemmar meɣrent aṭṭas ad iraren mamek yettxess, a daneɣ‑dd-ssiwḍen tḥajit am axmi i tt‑ddren. S wenhezzi, anexḍef, tifraz, amcubbec, imeṭṭawen…. din wi dd‑yekksen nnefs am Huyam Lamsisi (Siham), Cahira (ḥasana), Racid Ameɛṭug (Lefqi). Muḥemmed Bensɛìd (lemqeddem), Benɛisa Lmesitiri (Mensur) Ina ucin‑as tudert i useddi‑ya, xedmen x tefraz‑nsen d tmijja‑nsen. Ra d iterrasen i yiraren usin‑dd akid‑sen, iraren‑ten mliḥ, fesyen deg‑sen.
Mimun zennun, yewca aṭṭas n tḍeḥḥakt i useddi yeccur s ixeyyiqen, yefsi di tibbuhelya n Mulay, ar mani yedwel wer t-tɛeqqled, isxeddam addud‑nnes zeg uẓuṭṭu ar tifednet, Mamek yebda amenni isiɣi, amenni ikemmel, tiwlafin i yirar merra qadent‑as.
Ɛebdelwaḥid zzawki, ij n Artista d ameqqran, yeṭṭef aterras amezwar n useddi‑ya, niɣ x‑as i tettirar pelikula, issexdem tifraz‑nnes d tmijja mliḥ, Zzawki nennum zeg‑s ifessi deg iterrasen i ittirar, ma d taḍeḥḥakt ma d ddrama, qaɛ kulci yessen‑as, ɛad netta d ijj n artista yekka amezgun, Maca tɣedr‑it rrimet‑nnes deg useddi‑ya, wer yirar ca mamec yirar deg ifiran n tracca, Asusem ineqqen, niɣ Amẓiwen.
Ɛalaa Bnenḥeddu (Cɛayeb butḥanut), yemmel i yewdan umi itteɛjib belli artista nican, yessen ula i ddrama, urid i tḥuja n tḍeḥḥakt waha, yexdem deg useddi‑ya mliḥ x wudem d tecli‑nnes, xmi itteffar, xmi yesxarriq, xmi ittxeyyeq, nettwala‑t ɣir deg wudem‑nnes, bla ma yessiwel.
Aṭṭas n artistat nniḍen d imeqqranen wer dasen-tesḍiq ca twalat‑a, banen‑dd am axmi dd‑qqaren zi tewriqt waha, wer deg‑sen neẓri ca artistat deg‑sen nẓarr deg ifilmen, la zeg yenni yiraren tiwlafin d tiquḍaḍin, la yenni dd-ittbanen di texraẓin merra. Maca Mamec nerbeḥ zi tebratin n Marzuq ij n Artista n Drama qqaren‑as Ɛalaa benḥeddu, nerbeḥ‑dd udmawen d jjdid i wetlibizyun; Ikram ḥijazi (Mina), d Acraf Yaɛqubi (qassem) , i yessufɣen di tebratin n marzuq merra min dd‑rbun d alemmud zeg umezgun.
Iterrasen‑nneɣni, niɣ imsebriden n useddi, azgen ameqqran‑nsen banen‑dd tsellan i tebratin, niɣ qqaren‑as i Faktur min ɣa yari waha. Banen‑dd di tewlafin s drust niɣ s bla awal, bla aṭṭas n tiraret, Maca din mani dd‑banen ttiraren d baba-s n ca n yijjen zeg iterrasen n lebda, niɣ ṭṭfen ca n ddur yemɣar, am Ḥusam, din mani ttuɣa yettxessa artistat ssnen ad iraren, niɣ kkin tamezgida n umezgun niɣ n wetlibizyun.
Imsawalen
Tḥajit n Marzuq
Tḥajit n useddi teccur s temsirin, wer tesseqniḍ, minzi deg‑s urid d cwayt n imunas, a s‑tinid terbu imxumbal n zik d yenni n yiḍa: Ttaɛeddu, Aseḥqar, tasɣart n temɣart, lemlak n familiyya, ibexruras, axḍaf n i ḥejiren izuhriyyen… aṭṭas n yemxumbal ɛeqlen‑asen iwḍan yeddren akkuḍ‑nni. Aṭṭas zeg‑sen, qa ɛad lkampu yedder deg‑sen. Aseddi‑ya yekkes x‑asen afray marra, Marzuq yexs ad ten‑ifekk marra. Maca xmi ttektarn, qeṭṭwen zeg‑neɣ neccin ittfurrujen ifiran, wer nettarri taynit ula i yij n umxumbel.
Di texraẓin idd‑yeḍfarn tamezwarut, uciɣ aked meɣridu di tebratin n marzuq, ra di lqaleb n tḥajit, la di tewlafin mamek ttirarent, mani nettaf atarras yessawal aked yixef‑nnes aṭṭas (Monologe), Axarres niɣ awal aked yixef, isseqniḍ, mamek izzuzzara marra tifray n tḥajit, wer daneɣ ittejji a nxarres nnit di min dd‑ɣa‑yasen, wer yettɣimi walu yeffar. Neddakkʷal, nessen min dd‑ɣa‑yasen kṭar zi artista, di ca imucan ttuɣa ittxessa a nennexlaɛ xmi ɣa nessen tidet.
“Meɛlik ssawalen yewdan, awal am wenni ttarin di tebratin”MULAY‑TIBRATIN N MARZUQ
Tibratin n Marzuq yura s wawal n tebratin ktar zi min yura s wawal izi ssawalen yewdan lebda. Deg‑s aṭṭas n tcuni, d waṭṭas n tmaziɣt tqad. Manaya nennum‑it zi Muḥemmed Buzeggu, i itekken tizemmar mɣarnt maḥend ad yewc ij n lqaleb yecna i tmaziɣt. Nettaf aṭṭas n wawalen umi yerra taynit usinarist “ Tayri, Amxumbel, Tanfust, Taycit …, Aṭṭas n wawal n lemɛani i ittraḥen yettwattu “ṭṭfen‑ten yeẓra‑nsen”.
Aṭṭas n twalatin nettaf iwalen wer ten‑sxedmen ca deg waddaḍ‑nsen iqaden, am « ad raḥeɣ ɣer “tamdint” », «ij n “tabrat” », mani sseqsiɣ ixef‑inu, x waddaḍ amaruz “temdint”, “tebrat”!, xelli Buzeggu d amarir d ameqqran, itarrasen‑a i yeggin iẓenbiḍen‑a tɣiyyzen tmaziɣt! D waṭṭas n yiwalen wer sxedmen deg wemkan‑nsen nican.
Ca n twalatin nettaca belli itarrasen axmi dd‑wḍan zeg ujenn telqa‑ten‑dd tmurt, wer ɣer‑sen ḥedd. Am Maram, Mulay ittɛawaden x yemma‑s, niɣ Siham temmut yemma‑s wer tt‑neẓri ɣir di lekfen.
ɣer uneggar n tḥajit, imxumbal daneɣ‑dd yejbed marzuq marra, nettaca aṭṭas zeg‑sen wer nfekken, aṭṭas n itarrasen tḥajit‑nsen tyura am wengal i ttuɣa ittari marzuq, wer nessin mani tiweḍ.
Tirifiyyin d lamalakat
Tibratin n Marzuq isewwar-aneɣ‑dd lkampu s imunas‑nnes, s min deg‑s yecna d min deg‑s d tuɛɛefna, maca tuɛɛefna n temɣart wer tt‑neẓri ca, a s‑tinid tirifiyyin d lmalakat, wer carrhent, wer ḥessdent, wer ttmenɣint.
Asufeɣ
Tiyacitin:
Taycini iwḍent‑idd waxxa bla tmusiqt‑nsent, nuca s itarrasen xeyyqen, nuca kid‑sen ferḥen, ssrun‑aneɣ, sḍeḥken‑aneɣ. Mamek cḥal n twalatin nxarres deg imunas‑nsen i yugin ad qḍan ɛad al lexxu. Imsawalen ɛdan mliḥ, waxxa deg‑sen abeddi aṭṭas jer wemsawal d wemsawal, ijj wer ittekkes awal i wenneɣni. ca n twalatin nettaca aked umenɣi urid d amenɣi, niɣ yettban‑dd d asniɛmel waha. Maca lqaleb n ddrama yiweḍ‑dd imun.
Imxumbal ttemsarbun
Ssinaryu n Tebratin n Marzuq yeccur s yemxumbal d imunas, ina mmarsen-dd deg ij n lqaleb ttemsarbun deg-s, wer dd-ttmunin. Imxumbal nugur akid-sen ar aneggar n useddi, drust i zeg-sen yenfekken. Niɣ nfekken zeg‑s inni xef nergeb mani-s i dd-kkin, inni yeffarn yuran ar aneggar, ca zeg-sen yegga-s ufuɣ, ca qqimen ugren. Ikemmel useddi deg lefwaḥ n uygen wiss tnayen. I yettɣiman d aseqsi yerẓem, mala wer neqqar d beddu ad yili i twalat tamezwarut ca n useddi deg‑s izgenan, min ttuɣa nettraja ra di meɣriḍu.
Tiwlafin:
Abeddel n tewlafin neẓra‑t ittas‑dd deg wemkan‑nnes, amutti zi tewlaft ɣer tenneɣḍi ittejja awarn‑as amnus n tenni yezwarn minzi ɣa tyura. Mamek ggurent temsirin ca n twlatin deqlent aṭṭas, ca n twalatin ttazlent aṭṭas, mani yiweḍ useddi ɣer tqiccit n yemxumbal, dinni bdant ttedqilent texraẓin, ttedqilent la d tyacitin‑nsent.
Aṭṭas n tewlafin banent‑idd d ttunqisin aṭṭas zi jjiht n itarrasen, ddcar n temrabeḍt n wezzu yeccur s imezdaɣ, imezdaɣ i neẓra teṭṭfen tibratin, wer ten neẓri di lqehwa ula qqimen ɣer marzuq ad ɣern, ula gguren deg webrid‑nni azegrar i itteṭṭef marzuq s umuṭur. Dinni neddakʷal nettaka s ddcar yexwa, ikumparsen udrusen aṭṭas, nefqed‑iten ula di tarwa, la zi jjiht n temɣarin yurwen, la zi jjiht n isegman..
Racid Ameɛṭug mala nenna qa ittbana‑dd d lefqi, maca qa d lfqi n tidet, amenni la d Mimun Zennun idd‑ittbanen d abuhali, Samira Lmesluḥi s tiggaz‑nnes. Makiyaj ttuɣa ɣer‑s ij n ccan yemɣar, yemmars qedd uqedd, maca lastima wer yeḥdar d idammen mani tehwa tehrawt x izellifen.
Ufuɣ
Taẓuri di Arrif qat ɛad tettemxebbaḍ jer umxumbel‑a d wa, Tizemmar i yegga Usinarist d umessufeɣ n Tebratin n Marzuq mɣarent aṭṭas xmi ɣa nexzar ɣer ibuda i ɣa yili lqan. La zi jjiht n wemkan n usewwar, la zi jjiht n wudemawen n wettribizyun yudrusen. Wer nettettu ussan n ubelleɛ i di isewwar tebratin n marzuq.
Aṭṭas n tmeslayin nessitim zeg useddi ɣer uma‑s a kid‑sent nfeḍḍa, am wemxumbal n wawal yemsebḍan jer tqebbal, xmi nettaf tawacunt tessawal s yiles iqelɛiyyen, ij n yelli‑tsen tessawal s yiles n ayt waryaɣel. Nesrusa aseqsi i Artistat d amezwar, ma zemmarn ad beddlen awal‑nsen di mkul aseddi niɣ pelikula? amen Yegga Muḥemmed Sulṭana di tɣarrabut n nuḥ!
Neccin yettfurrujen wer nergib ca x ibuda i lqan ayt bab n tebratin n Marzuq, Nedder akid‑s char n n ixiyyiqen i daneɣ‑dd ssiwḍen artistat deg‑s yiraren, maca nefqed di tirart‑nsen amkan n Coach i ten‑ɣa‑igewwden. Nedder lkampu d yemxumbal‑nnes, maca nefqed ljew‑nnes.
Aseddi-ya yettɣima d ijj n tfawt nettsedḥa akid‑s nessemqudda lexdayem idd‑iɛeddun deg wettribizyun n Lmeɣrib, zi marra jjwayeh. Yettɣima d ijj n ccan i neccin marra. Suya neccat ttcamxa temɣar i marra wi x‑as ibedden
S ij n lxezrat n umfurrej waha, jer‑as‑dd d tẓuri cwayt n tismin x mani nxess a naweḍ waha, s ij n lxezrat zeg ujenna, ad gerweɣ awal marra: Tibratin n Marzuq ttuɣa‑t yecna, maca ttuɣa ttrajiɣ mana ḥsen.
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Llan waṭṭas n iseqsan deg-sen aṭṭas n tiɣit, srusan-ten-dd iḥenjiren imeẓẓyanen xmi ttkumasan ttekksen taggut x tiṭṭawin-nsen ḥuma ad ssnen amaḍal. Srusan-dd iseqsan-a, maca wer ssinnen ca illa rbun iqendaren n taqsuḥi, wer tettiwḍed a x-asen terred al ɣa tcuqed ibriden ma d ibriden deg yegran n trezzut d wexbac x tidet, ḥuma ad tawḍed ɣer min yellan d wenni d netta. Zeg iseqsan-a: « Wi dd-isaqaren arruḍ »?
- Qbel i luluf n iseggusa, iwdan ma ttuɣa ɣer-sen arruḍ?
- Mayemmi nyarreḍ arruḍ?
- Mala ttuɣa tuɛɛryent maɛlic, mayemmi bdan yewdan ttalhaten ɣer warruḍ?
- Arruḍ d tdelsa
Waxxa d ijj useqsi ittban yehwen, maca wer daneɣ-ittiwi ca ɣer uberreq am « Manis i dd-tekka ddunit? », Wer daneɣ ittiwi ca ɛawed ɣer uxenduq i daneɣ ɣa yessemxumblen deg waṭṭas n texzarin, uca qqnent ɣer ddin niɣ ɣer tmessna… am « Wi dd-ixelqen rebbi? ». Dijjen useqsi yehwen, ittenneḍ x yijjen twengimt wer temxumbel ca. Maca wer das-ṭṭifen yirkyulujiyen azellif n ufilu alami d iseggusa imeggura.
S uya, ma irḍen yewdan imezwura ilem n lewḥuc, amen nettxarres?
Min yellan d aɛeffan; arruḍ ifessi, wer ittɣimi bac a naweḍ a nxemm mamek nnes. Lkettan deɣya ifessi, ittraḥ. Temsar-as am weksum-nni azzdad i dd-yennḍen i yexsan n bnadem. Maca waxxa amenni, intruppulujiyen d yirkyulujiyen wer bedden x tarezzut d wenbac di muḍa n warruḍ ɣer yewdan iqdimen qbel i umezruy.
Qbel i luluf n iseggusa, iwdan ma ttuɣa ɣer-sen arruḍ?
Melmi i yirḍ bnadem arruḍ i twalat tamezwarut? Ula d ijjen ma yessen melmi nican. Maca yezmer ad yili jer 100 alef al 500 alef n iseggusa, ɛlaḥsab mamek ttwalan yintruppulujiyen. Arruḍ amezwaru saqaren-t-idd s tmeslayin qqnent ɣer ugama; Am yilem n lewḥuc d wafer n tsejjura d yexsan d yejɣal… Ttuɣa ttaglen-tent ɣer rrimet, niɣ bekksen-tent. Ufin imassanen ijjen tsegneft saqaren-tt-dd s iɣess. Manaya yeqqar belli iwdan iqdimen xeyyḍen arruḍ 30 alef n iseggusa zeggami, mala drus.
Arruḍ i dd-yewḍan deg ufus n imassanen, ittɛaqqab ɣer iseggusa wer igg°ijen ca aṭṭas x zzman-a i di nettɛic. Ufin ca n tsila xedment s weqcur n tsejjura, di Origon, deg Umarikan. Tisila-ya i ɣer yella ca n 8000 n iseggua di lɛumur-nsent zeggami ttwaggent. Amen ufin di Misar ijjen čamirt terqem s wedmam n lluban, ittɛaqqab lɛumur-nnes ɣer ca n 6000 n iseggusa. Rni x manaya, arruḍ n « Ötzi » i yellan d ijjen uterras yettwaf deg idurar n Alp, deg yijjen wemkan di tmurt n Uṭalyan qqaren-as Senales. Adfel iɛawen argaz-a bac ad yeqqim ca n 5000 n iseggusa. Ufin ɣer-s ca n tsila n ccerk d rrbiɛ, d yijjen ukebbuḍ n ccɛer n lewḥuc, d yijjen userwal n ccerk, d warruḍ nneɣnit n daxxel, yexdem s ccerk.
Mayemmi nyarreḍ arruḍ?
Aṭṭas n imunen n tgemra di lɛahed atrar, am tqebbal n Nuer di Ssudan n yeffus, irrḍen drus n warruḍ, axmi walu qeɛ. Manaya yezmer a zeg-s nettwala belli ḥeṭṭu n rrimet, wer yelli d ssibbet i yellan weḥd-s awarn i usaqar n warruḍ. Imken iwdan imezwura yeḍra-dd ɣer-sen uxarres-a bac a dd-saqaren asedḥi, bac ad ssren ixf-nsen amen neqqar. Maca yeqseḥ bac a naf ca n min daneɣ ɣa yawyen a nɛemmed x uxarres-a aneggar, a nini aqa d wa i yellan d tidet.
Dini ijjen uxarres nneɣnit ittawy-aneɣ a nettwala belli imunen n tgemra saqaren-dd arruḍ bac ad ḥḍan ixf-nsen zi tesmeḍ. Am ca n tqebbal deg Umarikan n yeffus, i iyarrḍen arruḍ di ca n lweqt, gguren d iɛeryanen di ca n lweqt nniḍen deg useggas.
Mala ttuɣa tuɛɛryent maɛlic, mayemmi bdan yewdan ttalhaten ɣer warruḍ?
Din ca n ssibbat i yejjin iwdan ad xarrsen a dd-saqaren arruḍ. Di lweqt n wedfel, bnadem yezmer ad yejmed, ad yemmet s tesmeḍ, mala wer yufi ca n tduri a deg-s yiḥma. Itteḥdaja ɛawed min x-as ɣa yesselqan akmaḍ n tfukt deg imukan yeḥman. Waxxa amenni, ɛad ca n imunen n tgemra ṭṭfen di tuɛɛryent. Manaya yeqqar belli bnadem urid isaqar-dd arruḍ bac ad yeqqim yedder.
Iwdan n lexxu ɣer-sen arrimet wer zeg-s ca, d tuqlilt x mamek ttuɣa lejdud-nsen imezwura. D manaya i t-ittejjan ittekk deg-s usemmiḍ d leḥmu d merra min dd-iɛeddun, uca yeswaẓẓaḍ bac a dd-isaqar aṭṭas n yeklusay n warruḍ. S uya, nettwala iwdan yerrḍen arruḍ mseqqem ḥuma ad ḥḍan ixf-nsen zi tesmeḍ. Maca min ɣa nini x yewdan iqdimen?
Arruḍ d tdelsa
Arruḍ yesleqqa leḥmu d tesmeḍ, amen yesleqqa x bnadem zeg wezɛaf n ca n ifiɣran niɣ d tiqqest n ca n ibeɛɛac. Maca walli d manaya waha, arruḍ nettaf-it yesskann ɣer uɣezdis adellsan d uɣezdis amunan n yewdan. Zeg warruḍ waha, nedwel nezmer a nebḍa jer yewdan; Mindi xeddmen, d mamec llan, d min dasen-itteɛjiben…
Yedwel warruḍ d ijjen tisit tesskan-aeɣ udem n wenni i t-iyerḍen. Nkessi x-as ijjen uxarres, x ddin-nnes, d tdelsa-nnes, d tussna-nnes…
Lejdud-nneɣ, ttuɣa nnumen reccmen di rrimet-nsen tiggaz. Maca zegga i dd-saqaren arruḍ ḥeṭṭan zeg-s ixf-nsen zi tesmeḍ, ufin illa walli mayemmi ɣa zewwqen rrimet-nsen s tiggaz, a x-as ggen arruḍ sennej. S uya, bdan ttzewwaqen arruḍ. S uya, yebda warruḍ yeqqen ɣer yijjen wudem n tdelsa, bla ssibbet i nniḍen i yejjin bnadem isaqar-it-idd. Yedwel warruḍ yesskan-aneɣ min yeɛna uterras.
S uya, nettaf wer yehwin ca bac a neffeɣ deɣya x temrarut n useqsi n imeẓẓyanen, i yeqqaren « manis i dd-yekka warruḍ? », niɣ « mayemmi arruḍ? ». Ijjen tidet weḥd-s i ɣer niweḍ; teqqar belli arruḍ iɛawen-aneɣ aṭṭas deg isuraf-nneɣ deg umezruy. Iɛawen-aneɣ di ḥeṭṭu n yexf-nneɣ, niɣ di tdelsa-nneɣ.
Tura-t: N. Ḥanan
Yesmezɣ-it: Ɛ. ḤENNU
Ɣer ɛawed: Qbel ma a dd-saqaren tayri, adwal ɣer isuraf n lemlak deg umezruy.

robotstxt: allowed

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MASIN IMTALLAF
Zzat i yumayen zegg°ami, ijj uḥenjir zi Miḍar yemmut di spiṭar n Lḥasani di Nnaḍur, manaya awaren i umi tt-yudef netta d twacunt-nnes, minzi ccin ijj n tdellaḥt tesmem.
Mamek i daneɣ-dd-yaweḍ zi temdint n Miḍar, aḥenjir-nni i yemmuten ttuɣa ɣer-s 13 n yisegg°usa di tudert-nnes, yejja baba-s d yemma-s d tnayen n suyatma-s di spitar n Lḥasani helken ula d nitni s tdellaḥt-nni i ccin.
Ar rux tanbaṭ tḍeffar manaya tarzem tarezzut dayes, deg w-akud mindi tessidef arimet n uḥenjar ni aked iwdan immuten, amamc iḍbiben ḍfaren twacunt nnes s isufar maḥend ad taggenfa.


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Teḥkem lfusina n Ddar lbiḍa x usaḥafi ameɣrabi Omar Radi s 6 n iseggusa n lḥebes, x ttuhmet n « cckimet i barra » d « ttaɛeddu asiksi »
Radi yezwar yettwaydar-dd yisem-nnes di listat n ijurnalen d imeḍlanen, zeg yenni ɣer yesssiɣ lmeɣrib ameẓẓuɣ s uprugram -nni yesɣa x yisraël umi qqaren Pegasus.
Ameddukel n Omar Imad Stitou yettwawc-as aseggas n leḥbes, a zeg-s yesseɛdu setta n iyyuren.
s tnayen yidse nnan belli amnus n lɣerraq (nniyaba), d ddenf, maci d trezzut x tidet.
Ɣer ɛawed: Ajurnalist di Lmeɣrib jer iɣendan n tmenna n tidet, d ttuhmet n ukerfes x tḥenjirin!


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Aumer U Lamara d amyaru s tmaziɣt. Yilmed tamaziɣt ɣur Mouloud Mammeri. Ar assa yura 9 yedlisen s tmaziɣit. Yer-ad i yesteqsiyen nneɣ ɣef ungal ines amynut Taseddarit id yefɣen ɣer tezrigin Achab, d wayen niḍen. Tadiwennit.
Le Matin d’Algérie : Ungal Taseddarit ur illi d asaru iseggmen, netta iteddu itezzi zelmeḍ yeffus, akka d wakka si tallit ɣer tayeḍ, seg wudem ɣer wayeḍ, si tegnitt ɣer tayeḍ. D amaynut di tira ?
Aumer U Lamara : D win i d ungal. Ungal mačči d tamacahutt iteddun ‘’zun d asaru’’ ; issefk ad yawi imeɣri anda ur igguni netta, ad t-isduqqes anda yennudem, ad as-issexreb tikli, akken daɣ ad as-tergagi tefkert n wul. Ɣas asaru yella, d win iffren ddaw tduli neɣ ‘’iɣli di temda yaâreq’’. Tidett, ungal ur nekcim gar yiccer d weksum, neɣ ddaw uglim, mačči d ungal. Akka i yuriɣ taseddarit, anda ttin wudmawen d yismawen, akked yinig si tallit ɣer tayeḍ… taggara imeɣri ad yaf iman-is.
Le Matin d’Algérie : Ad nekcem deg wungal Taseddarit : nufa yella deg-s umaynut di tira, d anekcum n tmucuha n zik deg wungal-a, armi yella wanda ur neẓri d ungal neɣ d tamacahutt, anda yebda wa, neɣ anda i yemdi win. Amek illa waya ?
Aumer U Lamara : Ur nudaɣ ugut ɣef temsalt-a. Ur umineɣ d nek i d-isnulfan azday (la fusion) neɣ tucerka gar wungal akked tmacahutt neɣ timucuha ; d ayen illan si zik ; ǧǧiɣ awal i yimussnawen n tsekla.
Asmi yuriɣ ungal Omaha Beach – ass-a d wussan, di 2010, yuzen-iyi-d tabratt yiwen umeddakel i yeɣran ungal-nni, inna yi-d ayen iwala deg-s. Awal amezwaru n tira-s d wa : « neffeɣ-d si tmucuha ! » (akken ad d-yini lferḥ-is, neffeɣ si tmucuha n zik i ǧǧan wussan, ass-a tamaziɣt tekcem annar n tsekla yuran, tasekla yufraren, s ccan d ameqqran !).
Tamuɣli-nni n umeddakel, zun ungal akked tmacahutt d ixsimen, mačči d tamuɣli-w nek. Timucuha llant si leqrun d leqrun, ḥekkun-tent s yimi ɣer yiri ukanun, ma d ungal yuran d ayen i d-innulfan si 1945. Di Taseddarit, ddiɣ-as akken ad rekkleɣ ayen i tent-icerken, acku i sin sekcamen amdan deg usagen (imaginaire), deg wayen ur nelli, di tmura ur nelli, zun d targit allen ldint.
Di Taseddarit, sekcemɣ imeɣri di tallit n « wasmi heddren lewḥuc », asmi dduklen yemdanen akked iɣersiwen di tmurt ur nelli d tamurt, di tmucuha-nni yezzuznen imeẓyanen d imeqqranen deg wuḍan iɣezfanen n yal tagrest.
Le Matin d’Algérie : Ungal Taseddarit ikcem aḍar afus di tallit tamirant, n wass-a. Udem amezwaru n wungal d Waâli, d ameɣnas n talwit, irwel i temsulta, netta akked imeddukal-is, iffer akken ur ittwaṭṭef ɣer lḥebs. Ayɣer asentel (sujet)-a ass-a ?
Aumer U Lamara : D ayen illan, ma nẓerr ayen iḍerrun di tmura ur neddi deg ubrid, ur ngi azal i yizerfan akked tugdut. D nkerr-nni n izerfan i yessawaḍen imdanen ad kkren fell-asen, ad suɣen, ad nnaɣen akken ufan ɣef izerfan-nsen, akken ad tbeddel.
D tasertit, ɣas ungal Taseddarit ur illi di tmurt-a neɣ di tmurt-in ; ulac isem n tmurt deg tella tedyant. Waâli d ameɣnas izemren ad yili di yal tamurt, iteddu akken ad ibeddel udabu, ad ibeddel wesɣen gar udabu akked yemdanen, ad tbeddel tmetti ɣer wayen ilhan, ɣer usirem n Waâli. D tiwizi tameqqrant…
Le Matin d’Algérie : Ayɣer d-teddmeḍ isem n Waâli ? Izmer ad yili d asmekti n urgaz-nni yellan deg umezruy-nnaɣ, di PPA deg iseggasen-nni n 1940-1950 ?
Aumer U Lamara : D win. Ferneɣ-d isem Waâli akken ad iqqim idder umennuɣ n imezwura-nnaɣ n iseggasen 1940. Issefk isem-nsen (ismawen-nsen) ad iqqim ur inegger deg umennuɣ ɣef tlelli n tmurt-nnaɣ. D asalu n «tṭrad n 2000 iseggasen », akken inna Kateb Yasin, i mazal iteddu, ittbeddil kan udem d webrid. Isem n Waâli d azamul ameqqran ur izmir yiwen ad ikkes.
Le Matin d’Algérie : Deg wungal, agensas (représentant) n udabu, illan netta d kumisar n temsulta, iban-d s yir udem. Terniḍ-as acemma di tebrek (caricature) neɣ ala ?
Aumer U Lamara : Ur cukkeɣ rniɣ nnig wayen illan. Ma yecmet, icemmet iman-is netta. Ugur ameqqran illan gar udabu akked imezdaɣ n tmurt bubbent wid illan ɣer zdat. Takriṭ n udabu d nitni, d amsaltu akked uxeddam n tɣiwant neɣ n yal tadbelt nniḍen. Ilmend ad sifessen tudert n yemdanen, nitni rennun taɣennant d uɣilif yal ass. Din, tadebbuzt n umsaltu akked yemcudden (tracasseries) d tazzla si lbiru ɣer wayeḍ, yiwen wudem-nsen : d takriṭ n udabu.
Deg wungal Taseddarit, kumisar issemras tazmert n udabu akken ad iseddu lecɣal-is netta, ad irbeḥ tadrimt tameqqrant, syin ad as-iqqen awal n umennuɣ mgal ‘’irebraben’’ ur nelli, ad innaɣ Waâli i yellan iteddu ɣef izerfan, talwit d lehna. Akka, neɣ mačči akka i tella di tmurt n Lezzayer ?
Le Matin d’Algérie : Tira taneglant (écriture romanesque) d tamaynut di tsekla tamaziɣt, acku zik d timucuha kan akked tmedyazt timawit. Ulac tira. Ihi, nezmer ass-a ad d-nini tennulfa-d tsekla taneglant tamaziɣt ?
Aumer U Lamara : Tamacahutt tamaziɣt si zik-is tella deg usagen (imaginaire), neɣ di tneglant, si leqrun d leqrun, ɣas ulac tira. D win i d iswi n tmacahutt akken ad argun yemdanen, ad kecmen timura n igenwan ur ssinen, anda teddunt temsal akken nniḍen, ad sifessent tudert seg wuguren d uɣilif n yal ass. Ayen illan d amaynut di tsekla tamaziɣt, d tuffɣa seg inurar n wungalen imezwura n tmagit, n umennuɣ akked tɣuzi n umezruy aqbur d anadi ɣef iẓuran-nnaɣ.
Tura, ungal amaziɣ simmal ikeccem deg unnar n tira taneglant n war talast, am netta am yal ungal n tmura n umaḍal, yal yiwen s waâqqa n tisent-is. Ur nelli berra n umaḍal.
Le Matin d’Algérie : Ad nekcem, ma tqebleḍ, ɣer tudert n umaru. Telliḍ zik d anelmad kra n iseggasen ɣur Mulud Mammeri, di tesdawit n Lezzayer. Acu n waktay d-iqqimen si tɣuri-nni n tmaziɣt, si tallit-nni ?
Aumer U Lamara : Iqqim-d waktay d aẓidan deg wallaɣ-iw, d tallit-nni deg d-nreggel si tesnawit (lycée) tiknik n Ruisseau (El Annaser, ass-a), akken ad naweḍ ɣer tesdawit n Lezzayer, ad nɣer ɣur Dda Lmulud yiwet tsaâtt, yal ass n ttlata. Asmi kecmeɣ tasdawit deffir ukayaḍ n Bac, di 1972, ufiɣ-d iman-iw d aqdim din ; ssneɣ amur ameqqran n inelmaden. Tarbaât-nni yellan qqaren tamaziɣt tella zun d tawacult isdukkel fad n tmussni n tmaziɣt. Nella nlemmed yal tamsalt, si tira tamaziɣt ɣer tsekla, amezruy akked yidles imawi s teqsidin timeẓyanin. Taɣuri-nni ur teqqim kan d taḥerfit, terna-yas tlalit n ugraw i yaɣ-isduklen s yal tuffɣa (excursion) akka d wakka, akked temliyin tameddit d wudan di tɣermin n Ben Aknun, Lqubba neɣ El Ḥarrac.
Yiwen wass neqqim di Mauretanya, di tnemmast n Lezzayer, negguni ad d-yaweḍ lkar si tiɣremt n Ben Aknun, ad nerkeb, d abrid ɣer udrar. Yiwen unelmad iqerreb-d ɣur-nnaɣ, inna-yaɣ-d : « Teggunim lkar n la révolution agraire ? » ) (imir-nni llan inelmaden iteddun di CVRA/Comité du Volontariat de la Révolution Agraire, i yella isedduy di tesdawit ukabar FLN akked PAGS). Yiwen umeddakel-nnaɣ irra-yas, mi kan d-iwweḍ lkar i negguni nekkni : « Ala, negguni lkar n la révolution culturelle ! ».
Iqqim-d yiwen waktay yufrar. Yiwen wass newweḍ d tarbaât, nufa tebda tɣuri, nekcem, nbedd deffir wid illan qqimen. Ur nezmir ad nɣer s tiddi-nni. Mi yaɣ-d-iẓra Dda Lmulud, innecraḥ wudem-is, icmumeḥ, inna : « A rbeḥ a tafat ! ». Imir kan inṭeq ɣer yiwen unelmad illan iqqim zdat, inna-yas : « A Aâmer ! Azzel kan in-as i waâssas ad ildi l’amphi ufella ! ». Mi d-yuɣal Aâmer, nekker akk, nkemmel taɣuri deg umkan-nni ameqqran. Seg-wassen, taɣuri n tmaziɣt deg amphi, simmal rennun-d inelmaden.
Iseggasen-a ineggura, aneɣlaf Ahmed Taleb Ibrahimi, win ikksen taɣuri-nni n Mammeri di 1974, inna-yas : « kkseɣ taɣuri n tmaziɣt n M. Mammeri, acku ulac inelmaden i yebɣan ad ɣren tamaziɣt ». Akka i teddun wid igren asekkak deg umezruy, akken ad wten ad ffren tawaɣit ur nezmir ad teffer.
Le Matin d’Algérie : Iwacu i tettaruḍ ? Tettaruḍ akken ad d-tiniḍ ayen nniḍen deffir tira-k, neɣ tufiḍ asugen (l’imaginaire) d abrid akken ad tefkeḍ afud ugar i umezruy, akken ad d-iqqim idder ur inegger ?
Aumer U Lamara : Tasekla, akken tebɣu tili, s tira neɣ d timawit am tsekla tamaziɣt, d ayen akk ilhan i d-snulfan yemdanen di yal tamurt. S tsekla i teddukel tilawt akked usugen, ayen illan d wayen ur nelli. D tasekla i d tagejdit n yidles di yal tamurt, n yal agdud.
Yal tikkelt, mi qqimeɣ ad aruɣ, ttakiɣ s yiman-iw d amdan amaḍlan (universel) am akk yemdanen n umaḍal. Di tira tamaziɣt, ufiɣ ungal amazray (roman historique) d amezwaru akken ad nessiɣ tafat i yemdanen, ad nekkes tillas ɣef umezruy n tmurt-nnaɣ. Akken ad nrekkel amezruy n tmurt ur nettwassen, win i yettwaffren ; abrid iwatan d win izemren ad d-yerr tudert d tiɣri i yizamulen izedɣen amezruy, icban Yugerten, Masensen, Takfarinas, Yuba, Maherbaal…
Asmi d-iffeɣ wungal-nni Tullianum – taggara n Yugerten di 2009, mlaleɣ-d imeɣriyen imezwura, kksen-iyi anezgum, ufiɣ deg wawal-nsen tabɣest swayes ddiɣ ɣer zdat di tira. Yiwen unelmad, inna-yi-d di yiwet temlilit di tesdawit n La Sorbonne di Paris : « Dreɣ acḥal d imalasen (smanat), ddiɣ, nnuɣeɣ, uzzleɣ ɣer tama n Yugerten… ». Mi yella yimi-s yessawal, ibedd zun illa ɣer yidis-is lexyal n Yugerten. D amezruy amiran !
Le Matin d’Algérie : Anwa amaru neɣ ungal iɣef tecfiḍ ugar, i k-izedɣen ar ass-a ?
Aumer U Lamara : ɣriɣ kra n wungalen mi lliɣ d ameẓyan, deg uɣerbaz amezwaru di Micli (Michelet), syin ṭṭfeɣ gar ifassen-iw ungal ‘’Mmis ugellil’’ (Le fils du pauvre) n Mouloud Feraoun. D aselmad-nnaɣ, Halouane Mustapha, i yaɣ-t-id ifkan. Mas Halouane d aselmad yufraren ur tettuɣ.
Deg Wungal-nni n Feraoun, amaḍal-nni ur illi di tmurt n Alsace, di Paris neɣ di tmura tiberraniyin ur ssineɣ, tadyant tella zun di taddart-nnaɣ, s wudmawen i ssneɣ s yismawen-nsen, deg ufrag-nnaɣ. Kecmeɣ deg-s ur uḥtameɣ, maca teqqim-d yiwet tuttra iwumi ur ufiɣ tabburt di temẓi-w : ayɣer aqcic-nni n wungal i yufiɣ am nek, isem-is Fouroulou, d isem ur nelli di taddart-nnaɣ, ur ittwassen di tuddar i yaɣ yudsen (iqerben).
Syen ɣer zdat, ferrneɣ d imezwura ungalen n imyura n tmurt-nnaɣ, icban Mammeri, Dib, Fares, Amrouche, Mimouni… ferrneɣ-ten d imezwura acku ayen ɣef ttarun, d amaḍal i ssneɣ, d win n tmurt-iw, ɣas yura s tutlayt taberranit. Ass-a, ungal yuran s tmaziɣt iteddu ad ikkes ugur-nni n tutlayt, akken targit d usugen ad ilin s wawal d usekkil amaziɣ i yessergagayen ugar tifkert n wul…
Hamid Arab
Taseddarit (l’abri), (Ungal, roman), n Aumer U Lamara, éditions Achab, Tizi Ouzou, 2022.


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Amara: Muḥmmad Akunaḍ
Mad isarn alliɣ mmuttin imaziɣn lli tt inn kkanin gan yan uɣrf (peuple) ixatrn mk lli s tn isnuml (qualifier) Bn Xldun g zik alliɣ mzziyn ɣil ad g tmizar nsn?
Iga wad asqqsi imqqurn lli xf ur nufi ad nrar g tizi ad, mac iga asqqsi lli d iqqann ad izziwiz (tourmenter) tarwa n imaziɣn, ur d helli ar d ssnn ayd isarn g umzruy nsn, mac ard smmsskln asurs (situation) lli g llan ass ad. Amukris (le problème) iga t llig d tugtt n willi mi nttini imaziɣn d tmaziɣin ttun amukris ad, acku tamagit tamaziɣt ur sul darsn tgi ɣas yan ufrdis (élément) igzzuln bahra, nɣd ur t akkw tgi g tmgit nsn.
Willi d tilli issnn amukris n imaziɣn s tidt, gan tn willi d tilli frknin s tmagit tamaziɣt, tg darsn (ɣursn) anzgum (souci), talla nsn ( leur existence) tzdi d tmaziɣt; ur as d sul kkin mani, ur asn d tkki mani.
Ur ar sawalɣ xf igdudn n imaziɣn id war afrak lli mi sstunt tmmariwin n tudrt takuyasst (quotidienne) mad gan ula ma rad sul gin, ar sawalɣ xf tufut (élite) g tmaziɣin d imaziɣn willi d tilli uginin ad fsin lah tn, mk lli lah iɣrfan ggutnin n zik.
Asqqsi n: Max allig mzziyn imaziɣn g tmura nsn? Ur d iqqan ad irzm ɣas xf umzruy igrsn (stagné) iqqan ad irzm xf imal, ar t isrus umaziɣ xf ad issn aylli t ur ittajjan ad yimɣur zund akkw ingga ns; tarwa n iɣrfan yadn lli ur ad t zrin s umya iɣ isdus ixf ns ibikks i tmgit ns.


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iIlul deg Yemzuren aseggʷas n 1985. D mmi-s n yijjen twacunt am waṭṭas n twacunin n irifiyen. Baba-s ttuɣa-t d amselmed. Netta wer ikemmel ca tɣuri-nnes, yeffeɣ maḥend ad iraḥ ad yexdem di tsebbabt ɣer yijjen bab n tḥanet.
Awarn-as, iṛuḥ ɣer usinag n ttiknulujit n tgemra (معهد تكنولوجيا الصيد) di Lḥusima. Yeksi-dd ssenni adipplum n ubeḥri. Maca ass n 28 zi kṭuber 2016, temsar ijjen temsart i ɣa yejjen imezdaɣ n Lḥusima d Arif merra, d waṭṭas n imezdaɣ n tneddam nneɣni di Lmerruk niɣ di tmura n berra, ad kkren ad sɣuyyen. Tamsart-a nettat d tamenɣiwt taɛeffant i das-yettwaggen awarn i umi yettwaḥri deg ukameyyu n wefraḍ.
Yemsar manaya umi das-kksen ipulisen iselman-nnes i dd-yesɣa zi lmuyyi n Lḥusima. Minzi iselman-nni zeg yinni i yeffuk wer dd-ttwagemren. Umi i das-neḍren islman-nnes mamek qqaren yewdan i ttuɣa dinn yellan, yeḍfer-iten, uca apulis-nni yenna-s: « Ṭḥen mmu » (ḥri yemma-s).
Fikri yettwaneɣ, maca issedder-dd tagrawla di Arif, yeslul-dd targazt n irifiyen zegga ttuɣa i dasen-yettɣil aqa qebbḍen x Arif. Arif awarn i tmenɣiwt n Fikri d ijjen Arif yedwel ɣer umezruy-nnes, d ijjen Arif icebber di tlelli.
Ad yerḥem rebbi Muḥsin Fikri, a das-yessers rebbi ixsan di jjennet.
Ɣer ɛawed: Musṭafa LBUƐEZZATI (Amesrem); tacumɛet n wesfirnen i tessexsi temnawt


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Mala qqimen igazen i ḥman tteffɣen-d xenni amaḍal ad yili zzat i yijjen ukrisis n waman d ameqqran, mala amkan-a ileqf-it ubeddel n uklima, manaya ixes ad yini aqqa amaḍal amen yekmel ad dag-s yili ukrisis n ubeddel n uklima.
Tenna ijjen tseḍma n trezzut x ixef-nnes ca n imussnawen zi tesdawit Maine Tamiraknt s twiza aked waṭṭas n tseḍmiwin-nniḍen i yecrcen aked tsentut n « National Geographic », belli iɣzer i yuԑlan di tqiccet n Ivirist i yuԑlan deg umaḍal, iwweḍ ad zzag-s iraḥ di 25 iseggusa ca n walfayen iseggusa n wedfel i ymunen din d ikerkuren, manaya yus-d s ubeddel n uklima.
Ajris wer iqqim
Tarezzut-a tamaynut i yettwafsaren di “NPJ Climate and Atmoshperic Science” i iḍeffren I “Nature” tamaḍlant deg wass n tlata di Febrayer i yeԑdan. Taseḍma-ya tessxdem ca n data mmekksent-id zeg ijjen ukerkur n wedfel, tuzzeggerdt-nnes tettakk°aḍ ar 10 n imitrawen, aqqa-t deg yeɣzer i yuԑlan deg ijjen wemkan qqaren-as “Outh Col” di tqiccet n Ivirest.
Aked uɣezdis n uya, Taseḍma tessxdem data n tnayen n wammasen n uklima i yuԑlan deg umaḍal qqaԑ, amezwaru ittwagg x luԑla n 8430 n umitru, wis tnayen ittwagg x luԑla n 7945 n umitru x tqiccet n Ivirist.
Tɣuri-ya temmel-d ila ajris ittecca s 2 imitrawen n waman kul aseggas (55 mitru di 25 iseggusa), min yejjin idurar-a n wejris wer qqimen tterran ṭṭya n tfukt, s minzi luxa ideflawen ttraḥen ttenqisen, ittsemma fesyen s ṭṭya.
Aked ugeԑԑed n leḥmu, din abzag (humidité) d waḍu ijehden, ggin fus-nnsen bac ad iraḥ wedfel, min ijjin ila ageԑԑed n idurar idwel itteqsiḥ minzi bdnat tisuḍar ttbanent-id.
Abeddel qa yeggur-d
Amkan-a dag-s iɣzer ijerrsen i yuԑlan deg umaḍal qqaԑ. Aṭṭas n imussnawen ila ttɣilen belli iɣzer-a ad yili yegg°ej x ubeddel n uklima, maca manaya maci d tidett. Aya ad yili d lxaṭar d ameqqran x iɣezran ijerrsen deg umaḍal, minzi aman ijerrsen ttbeddan x-asen ca n melyar n yewdan deg umaḍal, ssessen zzag-sen, sessawen zzag-sen ԑawed.
90% n trezzutin qqarent ila qa d bnadem i yellan awerni i ubeddel n uklima, minzi netta I d-issufuɣen igazen iḥman ameknaw akarbun deg weɣlaf n ujenna s ṭṭumubilat d ṭṭiyyarat d fabrikat ԑawed i ḥebbsen tirɣi n tfukt ɣer daxel i tmurt.
Ttwalan imerzuten deg ijjen usiweḍ ila aqa amaḍal iggur ad iẓer ijjen ukrisis n waman mala amxumbel-a ameqqran iqqim ammu. Aya yeqqar ila mala Ivirist iwweḍ-it ubeddel n uklima, xenni amaḍal amen yekmel wer izemmer ad yenjem zeg ubeddel.


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Netta d mmi-s n Wezɣenɣan, ism-nnes Lḥusin Bellekrac, i yettwassnen s Rifinox. ilul ass n 3 zi mars aseggʷas n 1993. yudef g wazzerg n uɣennej amen yella ead d ameẓẓyan, yixḍar sstil n rrap, deg-s i yufa ixf-nnes.
Ttuɣa ittegg tizemmar d timeqqranin, awalen i ttuɣa ittɣennej, ttuɣa ittsaqar-iten-dd nnit. Yiweḍ ad yegg amkan-nnes deg wulawen n iḥudriyen, d merra wi das-yesḥessan.
Iɣennej x Arif d tmaziɣt d useggʷas amaynu d lfasad… Mkul aɣennij-nnes, niɣ mkul awal zeg uɣennij-nnes, d tabrat yessekka-tt ḥuma ad taweḍ. Maca din iedawen n tebratin, inni i wer ittexsen tibratin ad awḍent. Ass n 2 zi mars 2015, iban-dd lexber belli Rifinox iweḍḍer, wer yeḍhir. eecrin n wussan awarn i manaya, ead i dd-ɣa iban lexber belli ufin ij n rrimet n yij uḥudri yettwaneɣ di lɣabet n Gurgu, manaya iban-dd zi ɣer ijadarmiyen n Wezɣenɣan.
Awarn i ɣezzu-ya, iwdan ttbehḍen. tawacunt-nnes, iwdan i t-yessnen, imeḍfar n iɣennijen-nnes… kulci yewḍa-dd x-asen lexber n ɣezzu-ya am wajjaj, wer uminen min yemsaren!..
Ttuɣa din ilaɣiten ḥuma a dd-tban tidet n ɣezzu-ya, d ifassen n lɣedran i yenɣin anaẓur ameɣnas Rifinox. Maca walu, imejjan qqnen, tiwura belleent!.. Kkren yewdan, kkrent tmesmunin, ḥuma a dd-tban tidet, ḥuma ad yettwaɣ lḥeqq, maca amen neqqar lebda, la wi ɣa yaɣen lḥeqq, la wi dd-ɣa yesbanen tidet.
Yettwaneɣ Rifinox twalat tamezwarut, s ufus n tueeefna d lɣedran, amen yettwaneɣ aṭṭas n twalatin s ususem d tidet i wer dd-ibinen x ɣezzu i deg-s yettwaggen…


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Deffir acḥal n yiseggasen n wussisen, Ahil Anmaḍal n Tuččit n Yiɣlanen Yeddukklen yessers d Zzayer d tamurt tamezwarut deg Tefriqt deg wayen yerzan taɣellist tanuččit s uswir n yimdanen yelluẓen n ddaw 2,5% ɣef leḥsab n tɣerfa taɣrudt gar 2018 d 2020. D Zzayer ay d tamurt tafriqit tayiwnant yellan deg uswir-a yernu tewwi-d adeg-nnes d umur ameqqran n tmura tuṛufiyin, Iwanaken Yedudkklen, Kanada, Ccinwa, Rrus, Brizil, Ustṛalya d waṭas n tmura niḍen.
Gar yiɣawasen ay yesnes Zzayer i usnegmu n ugzum-nnes akerrazan, tella « tegrawla takerrazant » n 1970 ay d-icar umeṛḥum Houari Boumediene. Iswan-nnes d asiweḍ n Zzayer akken ad d-tqam iman-nnes am wakken ay twet daɣ tmurt akken ad tesfeḍ tarebbawt s tkerrazt s tukci n wakal i wid ur t-yesɛin. I lmend n userbeḥ n tegrawla-a, ẓẓan daɣ Uggug Azegzaw akken ad ḥerzen akal seg useyyex.
Daɣ, s ugzum-nnes akerrazan adusan, Zzayer tessaweḍ ad temmesten iman-nnes seg laẓ seg tezɣent n unfafad bu tedri n 2020. Tessaweḍ tmurt ad d-tfares 3500 n yimelyaṛen n yidinaṛen deg 2021 yernu aya yeggenses-d 14% seg ufaris agensi anusem aɣelnaw. Ass-a, agzum n tkerrazt yeddal 73% seg yisraten n wulzuz adigan yernu acayaḍ n ufares aɣelnaw tessaǧaw-it tmurt.
Deg tferkit n ubrid n 2020-2024, yerna-d ugzum n tkerrazt ifurka isnuddsanen n yimzatimen (akulza d uṣuja) akken ad tdel tmurt 25% seg yisraten-nnes iɣelnawen n uzatim n ukulza d 33% seg yisraten-nnes n ukbal seg-a ɣer 2024. Aya yudef daɣ deg usnegmu n tkerrazt tanirant.
Tasertit-a tamaynut ayɣef d-iweṣṣa uselway n tegduda, Mass Abdelmadjid Tebboune, tsemmel daɣ takerrazt tazegzawt d usefrek ameɣẓan n teɣbula tigamanin. S waya, yella-d usmal n ussway timeqqit-timeqqit deg 939.200 n yiqeṭṭaren. S waya, 64% seg tjumma yettwasswayen (1.473.919) sswayen-t s tetwilt-a.


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Idir, isem-nnes idettan d Ḥamid Ceryat, ilul ass n 25 kṭuber 1949 g Ayt Yenni g tmurt n Leqbayel, isra ass n 2 g mayyu 2020 g usegnaf n "Bichât" g Bariz, iga amarir amaziɣ aqbayli, amyaru d umeẓẓawan. Ur isskir Idir kra n usileɣ t-ittawin ad ig amarir. Maca tga yat seg tezlatin-nnes timezwura, Avava inuva, ( s teqbalit) tizlit tagraɣlant g iseggwasen n 1970, tamezwaru lli d-iffɣen seg tefriqt n ugafa. Meqqar drusen itwilen lli d issafeɣ, kkuẓ g kramraw n iseggwasen, amunt twuriwin-nnes g usbuɣlu d usmaynu n tezlit tamaziɣt, ifek-as i wannas amaziɣ adɣar ilan atig g umaḍal.
Tameddurt:
Ilul memmis n umeksa g iɣrem n Ayt Leḥsen g idurar n Ǧerǧer, mani g tettidir twacunt-nnes insayen d wannas imaziɣen. " liɣ annaz ad idireɣ aked yemma tameqrant d yemma igan timedyazin", ad inna i yan uneɣmas, " da d-tteddun medden seg uɛraq ad asent-ssfelden. xatreɣ-d ammas n wallas n tenfusin d tneẓẓar. ila wawal atig ameqran g tmetti mm wannas miwan. ad yiɣiy yan ad ittebbey awal, isnulfu-d tiwlafin, isul ila atig ɣurneɣ"[1].
issenta Idir tizrawin g tejyulugit ḥma ad iswuri g wasuken awbiṭrul g Dzayer. G 1973, tebda tazzult-nnes tawẓawant ur ɣif-s igi g unezwat n Dzayer tamaneɣt, kudenna iḍer adɣar n tcennayt Nwaṛa lli tt-ikkan rad tirir yat tezlit nna as-yaru. Iwa yirir netta nik tizlit-ad lli rad igen amures-nnes amezwaru g unezway, Rres-d a yiḍes ( addu-d a yiḍes). Isuser azwel-ad ula yan yaḍen A vava Inuva g 45 n tsutelt. Ukan iddu ad issker aswuri-nnes andefrir g sin iseggwasen. tessenta tezlit-nnes tettyissin g Dzayer, imik teffeɣ s iwer-inn i iwetta. d aserdas g yat teqcelt tameẓẓant, da isseflid i iɣef-nnes g inezwayen n tmazirt-nnes d win beṛṛa.
g 1975, idda s Bariz acku teɣra-as-d tgemmi n itwilen Pathé Marconi lli rad ifersen atwil-nnes amezwaru. Azwel A vava inuva, yuɣal d tizlit tamaḍlant, iffeɣ g 77 n tmazirt, ittusuɣel s 15 n tutlayt. Iɣennej-t s tefṛansist udyu David Jisse d Dominique Marge seg 1979. Tizlit-ad tawqabaylt, s uẓawan-nnes n ugiṭan d imesliten-nnes, ad igan tizlit tamaḍlant tamezwarut lli d-iddan seg tefriqt n ugafa. Tgenses assider n yat tamust g tuɣalin ɣer idsen iẓeɣran iwwten g umezruy n Dzayer.
iqqan-d ad iqqel utwil aseggwas n 1976 ḥma ad d-iffeɣ, yasey isem n uzwel n tezlit ittyassnen kigan: a vava inuva.
Eclipse :
Tuɣalin ɣer la scène :
Tamettant :
Immut Idir, tamella d talwit i iman-nnes ass n 2 mayyu 2020 g usegnaf Bichât g Bariz, ḍart ma yuḍen s kra n waṭṭan n turin kigan n wayyuren. Tsawel akw tɣemsa [2] [3] [4] [5] tmettant-nnes, tessken nwis ur immut Idir i iqbayliyen d imaziɣen waha, maca immut i tiffugna temda, lli f icna.
TadiskugraftEdit
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CompositionsEdit
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[[fr:Idir]]
[[ar:يدير]]


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Ass n uynas, deg wass amezwaru n tyaka n ujidu, Zzayer tewwi-d 3 n tzalɣiwin, yiwet n wureɣ, yiwet n uẓref, ma d tayeḍ n ubṛunz.
Tin n wureɣ n Amina Belkadi deg taggayt n ddaw 63 n yikiluten deffir ma terna Taṭerkit Seyma Ozerler. Tin n uẓref n Yamina Halata deffir ma terna Tuzbikit Nilufar Ermaganbetova deg taggayt n 57 n yikiluten. Ma d Imene Rezzoug tewwi-d abṛunz deg ddaw 48 n yikiluten.
Zzayer tfuk tiyakiwin titerrasanin n Turarin n Temsetlelt Tislamant s uɣrud n semmsuet n tzalɣiwin: 1 n wureɣ, 2 n uẓref d 2 n ubṛunz.


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Aɣeṛda n tregwa
Aɣeṛda n tregwa (Assaɣ ussnan: Microtus arvalis) yettwasemma daɣen Takelmast n yigran d talmest meẓẓiyen n temseɣẓaẓ yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tmaklasin d tewsit n tlekmast, Aɣersiw-a yettili s tuget deg yilmayen yeldin yerna tiɣerfin-is zemren-t ad ilint s tuget neɣ s tdrest
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tafekka n uɣeṛda n tregwa d tin yeččuren yerna tga d tamezzayt (tamdewwrant). Adfar-is gezzil maca yegda tiddi n tfekka-as, Mi ara ad yili d amawaṭ teɣzi ynes tettili gar n 9 ar 13 cm ma d asallaf-is seg 3 ar 4,5 cm. Azuk-is seg 18 ar 50 g


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Zeg wami i yexḍaren ca n imeɣnas n tenyert n lxedmet tapulitikt Tamaziɣt s wegraw anamur n Ilelliyen RNI. Aya isnekker-d aṭṭas n umherwaḍ x man tɣuni jar Tmaziɣt d Tpulitikt. Aya iban-d zeg wami i yegga Ḥmed Adɣirni, ad isbedd akabar n PDAM. Manaya yejja ca n imeɣnas ad agin x manaya. Kter zi manaya, amussu adelsan amaziɣ igg-d x-as qaɛ ijjen usiweḍ.
Aya yejja imeɣnas n umussu Amaziɣ ad cacan zi merra wi ittadfen ɣer ikabaren. Waxxa amenni udfen ca n imeɣnas n umussu n Tmaziɣt ad adfen ɣer ca n ikabaren ameknaw PPS, MP d PAM. Imeɣnas n Tmaziɣt ttuɣa ssujaden ad ggen akabar n Tamunt, maca Lḥirak n Arrif isbedd amharwaḍ-a wanita. Ɛawed deg ussan-a imeggura ittemsar ijjen umhrawḍ maḥend ad ittwagg ijjen ukabar d jjdid.
Tanyert n lxedmet tapulitikt Tamaziɣt tesḍuqqez-d ɛawed ijjen umharwaḍ d jjdid x tmeslayt-a tanita. Ula kṭer zeg wami udfen ca n imeɣnas ɣer ukabar n RNI. Maca aya ijja array n imeɣnas n Umussu ad yebḍa x tnayen :
Ijjen array : Wah, ixess-aneɣ a nexdem zi ɣer daxel i ikabaren !
Aṭṭas n midden qqaren belli din iwdan deg ikabaren wer ttexsen bu Tmaziɣt. Ttggen-as akeccuḍ di tjerrart. Ttahamen ila PJD ig iṭṭfen lḥukuma n Lmuɣrib ila tekreh Tmaziɣt. Minzi d nitni i yugin ad ssufɣen lqanun ig itturganen (ittneḍḍamen) asexdem n Tmaziɣt. Lqanun-a ig iɛeḍlen ca n sebɛa n iseggusa, ɛad aqqa-t amenni ittali yeṭṭar. Areḥmuc, d wa d ijjen lesbab i t-yejjin la d netta ad yadef aked RNI.
Amina Ben Ccix, la d nettat tudef aked RNI. Deg wawal i tewca i Hespress, tenna : « Aqqa d ijjen lxedmet i yebda ittegg RNI aṭṭas zi mani i Tmaziɣt » terni tenna « Lxedmet zi ɣer daxel i ikabaren ḥsen zeg uraji d imeṭṭawen ». Twekked awal-nnes: « Bla taseḍma taberlamanit n RNI d ufaqqi n umussu Amaziɣ ad tili asekkil n Tmaziɣt iqqim x-as tayyut, ula akabar n MP, i di ttuɣa yella awzir n tussna di lweqt-nni ttuɣa wer ibin min ixes ad igg ».
Array nniḍen : ha mayemmi LLA i wadaf di ddegg-nni n ikabaren
Array amezwaru i ittejjan imeɣnas n umussu Amaziɣ ad agin ad adfen deg ikabaren. Qqaren belli « wer zemmren ad beddlen ca n lḥajet zi ɣer daxel i ikabaren isertanen, minzi abeddel ittili deg ufus n ujellid waha ». Ɛawed qqaren belli « Maḥend a nadef deg ikabaren ixess ad tili tadimukratit n tidet ».
Zeg ijjen uɣezdis nniḍen, din imeɣnas n umussu Amaziɣ i ittexsen ad ggen ijjen ukabar, maca ad ibedd x ijjen usedwel (référence) d Amaziɣ. Aked manaya, qqaren midden ittekritikan adaf n imeɣnas-a ɣer RNI. -Qqaren- belli RNI wer yeggi walu i Tmaziɣt zeg wami yella, kter zi manaya ttwalan belli RNI d ijjen ukabar wadji n waydud maca n tmessugurt (administration). Aked manaya, RNI zi lebda yella di lḥukumat n Lmuɣrib maca ɛemmers ma yegga ca n ḥajet i Tmaziɣt.
Ɛawed, din ijjen array nniḍen yettwalan belli din ikabaren i ttuɣa ittbeddan aked Tmaziɣt, ameknaw PPS d MP. Ad tili udfen dag-sen ina i yexsen ad ilin deg ikabaren. Mamec i din PAM min ɣa tella ijjen tewriqt n Tmaziɣt tugur ɣer zzat kter zi merra ikabaren nniḍen. Ijjen array isseplika manaya, adaf n imeɣnas-a di RNI di tidet ɣer-s ijjen lesbab n minzi Axennuc nettat d Amaziɣ zi Sus, maci am PAM min xef ttuɣa i d-hekkwan, minzi Ilyas Lɛumari zi Arrif.


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Tefser-dd tabridt n tɣuriwin n Tmaziɣt di tɣiwant n Selwan ila yeggur ad tegg ijjen wass n tɣuri x ca n wammuden n yezlan i dd-yeffɣen aseggas-a di Arrif. Ammuden-a n tnayen zzag-sen n temɣarin am Ɛica Kurdi deg wammud-nnes « Tifras-nneɣ ». D Ḥayat Buterfas « Aẓuyyet » d wezlawi aḥudri Ḥalim Lmadani deg wammud-nnes « Addriwen n uẓuyyet ».
Amsagar-a i ɣa yilin ass n 08 yunyu zeg useggas-a i di nella. Ad dag-s ssemɣaren aselmad Ḥasan Benɛaqiya mamec ɣa ggen aṭṭas n yislmaden tisadafin-nnsen deg usentel n wass n tɣuri.


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Ɛisa Sulayman Burhum, d ij ufalasṭini yeɣra di tseddawit n Ṭanja, yeksi adipplum n dduktura di lqanun, awarn i umi i tt-inaqec ass n 23 yunyu 2018. wer din min yekka, alami yeḍfer tabridt n ayetmas i yemmuten x tmurt-nsen Falasṭin s uqerṭas n uḥewwas ayesrayli i dasen-yekksen tamurt-nsen.
Yettwaneɣ Ɛisa Sulayman ass n 14 zi may 2021, yejja ayezzum deg wulawen n imeddukkal-nnes i ttuɣa kid-s yemɛaceren di Ṭanja, ayezzum i izedɣen merra ulawen n yinni i ittbeddan deg wudem n wenɛeddi i tettegg Israil x ifalasṭiniyen.


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Ugar n 3 iseggassen ayagi d Imẓaviyen ddren di demaṛ d lḥif. Ussan agi izrin sserYen-ten d imudduren. Wanag mi tekker akken gar asen ilindi d seldilindi nutni d Waâraven icâibiyen ur ten tezgil yiwet: tiyita, rregma, assusef, lḥevs tamḥeqranit, yir awal, acennef, iẓri fell-asen s nqar n tiṭ. Xarttum d rruḥ kan isen jjan ittali ittṣubu. Wisen i wacu-t di tudart am ta? Maca tura am akka imi Aâraven ddan yidsen ijjadarmiyen d isardasen nsen. Yak nutni sâan tamurt wanag Imẓaviyen msakit teḍra yasen am nekni da. Tawenza nsen d tin nneY yiwet.
Kamaleddin Faxar, yiwen waggag nsen issekn-d aṭas n tikkal i umaḍal lḥif i deg ddren Imẓaviyen am netta. U myal tikkelt issaram ad ttili tugdut d teYdemt di Llezzayer d tirni akken ahat ad ten id-ḥaz nutni s Imẓaviyen. Ismektay iy-id s tmuYliwin d wawalen n Igawawen deg iseggassen n 80 d 90. Maca ma illa vYan ad lemden Yemẓaviyen kra seg umezruy Igawawen ilaq ad ḥsun d akken amennuY Yef Llezzayer d tirni d aḍegger n wakud. Maca icebba yi-d rebbi mazal amecwar nsen ad yiΓzif ad yihriw Akken ad akin d nda mi tekkat. Ayen nevYu nenni asent assa i Yemẓviyen ur as d-ttaken ara tameẓẓuYt acku mazal Yilen iman nsen d Izzayriyen am wiyiḍ.
Tura tella yiwet n temsalt issemgarden imennuYen nneY nekni d Imẓaviyen: ddin. Imẓaviyen ttewten Yef tneslemt maca Aqvayli iYunfa-tt. S tneslemt qqarYen Izzayriyen ugar nneY. Ahat d aya is iYilen zemren ad msefhamen imi di ddin nsen d …atmaten illan. Ad uYalen ad akin.
Ar tama Imẓaviyen llan Ittargiyen. Nutni daYen ttemâuâuden kan am yizan di lkas. Niqal ḥellan-d tamurt nsen n Uzawad. Tekka kan kra Ylin fell-asen Iṛumyen mmeḥqen-ten. Sseba tella: dduklen d Inselmen n AQMI. Nutni daYen d ddin isen tt yundin. D tineslemt daYen i ten iṭfen am umargu di texfett.
Dighen netta assa atenin ddaw uḍar n tarwa n Mali d Llezzayer s ufus n Fafa ucaylellah! Akken qqarent temYarin! Tawenza nsen am tin nneY d tin n Imẓaviyen.
Ma d Icawiyen d Icenwiyen ur asen nesli ara aṭas ayagi. Wisen ddren neY ddan di lḥemla. Maca tawenza nsen nutni daYen d yir tawenza. Am tin nneY. Am tin Itargiyen. Am tin n Imẓaviyen. Yir tawenza tenteḍ AmaziY anda ivYu illa, akken ivYu innuY d icenga-s.
Wisen ayen? Ur nezmir ara i yiman nneY? Nettagad dYa nerked? Newwi daâwessu? NeY ahat ur nefṛiz ara ar assa akken i wata acengu nneY n tidett. Win akken iY yurzen deg iqerray. Win akken iY ijjan neqqim d ineggura.
TuYal amzun d timseaâreqt: dacut dacu-t?


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Tefser-d Takadimit Taswidit n tmassanin, ila tazlawit Tamarikanit, Louise Glück tiwwi tasemɣurt n Nubel i tsekla i usegg°as n 2020. Terni tenna Takadimit, belli Glück temmewc-as tasemɣurt-a alaḥsab « imelsi-nnes amedyaz ig irenni ijjen waẓli d amaḍlan x tilit n wemdan ». Alaḥsab Skynews, ig yuran x Glück. Nnan-d, ila nettat d icten zi tezlawiyin timeqqranin ig illan deg umaḍal. Tiwi aṭṭas n tsemɣurin timeqqranin deg Umarikan. Ameknaw abyas n tmassanin tinefganin anamur, tasemɣurt n Pultizer d waṭṭas n tsemɣurin nneɣni.
Tudert-nnes
Tlul Louise Glück di temdint n NewYork. Di 22 abril 1943. Nettat ig illan d tamenzut n Daniel Glück, bu igelwan. Lejdud n Louise Glück nitni d udayen d Ihungariyen usin-d ɣer Umarikan. Bdan zeg icten tḥanut di NewYork, uca awern-as ggin agla. Babas n Louise netta d amezwaru zi lwacun-nnsen ig ilulen deg Umarikan. Ttuɣa ixes ad yedwel d amari, maca ɣer umeggaru idwel d amccarku aked udekk°al-nnes.
Louise Glück telmed zi baba-s d yemma-s tasekla taklassikt, ula kṭer tiḥuja n Igrikiyen, d tenfas tiqdimin am tenni n Jean D’arc, tebda tettari asefru d nettat ɛad d tameẓẓyant. Di ca n wussan zi tudert tuɣa tehlek aṭṭas, aya lebda ttuɣa tettari x-as. Texdem d taselmadt n usefru deg waṭṭas n tkadimiyin, asefru-nnes ittwassen belli issawal x uxeyyeq, taweḥdanit mamec tulleɣ nettat di ddegg-a n tmeslayin.


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Asit amarikani Maghreb Voices iraḥ d anewjiw ɣer tqiḍunt n Arrif i yeggin imeɣnas n CSMR Paris. Taqiḍunt-a i yellan « d azzareg n wemsawaḍ x tɣawsiwin n Arrif ». Ɛawed ḥuma: Ad ssusnen s tɣawsa n inecraf isertanen di Arrif. Ad ɛemmden x ddewla n Lmuɣrib bac ad terr x ddusi n tutriwin i dasen-ttren imezdaɣ n Arrif. Ad sfekkaren timesmumin ittbeddan aked tiseqqar n wemdan s lḥal n inekraf n Arrif. Ad azzlen x usnufsel-nnsen. Manaya tuɣa i d-ittwafsaren x deg usiwed n Paris qbel.
Deg wawal-nnes i Maghreb Voices, yenna Ɛimad Ṭahiri, issiwlen s yisem n tegrawt n Paris : « neccin di Tegrawt n Paris. Zegga bedden aṭṭas n inehziyyen s lesbab n Kuruna. Negga ḥuma ad ncrek ass-a. Ula kter awarni umi bedden aṭṭas n tecliwin deg Uruppa. Iswizan aked unhezzi agdudan di Arrif. Anhezzi n Arrif ass-a ɣer-s aṭtas n inecraf. Tteggen tikkest x macca tettren zzag-s ad ilin mliḥ cwayt di leḥbusat n Lmuɣrib ».
Mamec issiwel Ɛbdessamad Ayt Ɛica ula d netta x ujurnalist Ɛumar Rradi. D merra inekraf isertanen nniḍen i yellan di leḥbusat n Lmuɣrib.


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Tenna terfiqt n Barça aqa itri-nnes Léonel Messi wer kid-s irenni ɛad kter, awern i umi tkemmel kunṭraṭa-nnes.
Messi wer yexs bu ad yessewc s weɛrur i terfiqt-nnes, ula d nettat wer tesxi a deg-s tewc afus, maca d ttmenyat i tt-yeggin. Tufa terfiqt ixf-nnes arendad imxumbal qqnen ɣer ttmeyat, minzi yemra x-as bac ad tsiɣi deg uxelles n Messi, waxxa ttuɣa yexs ad yessenqes di cḥal itteṭṭef. Maca Barça tufa ixf-nnes waxxa amenni, ittxessa-tt ad tezzenz aṭṭas n imiraren ḥuma ad tejj Messi. S uya, iwḍen ad jjen Messi ad yugur, zegga i yedwel d ilelli, wer ɣer-s min t-yeṭṭfen aked Barça.


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Lqayed Ɛisa yeṭɣa x Wlad Zeyd
Zegga i yemmut sselṭan Lḥasan amezwaru asegg°as n 1894, yedwel deg wemkan-nnes Ɛebdleɛziz i ttuɣa yellan ɛad d aḥudri, ɣer-s 12 n isegg°usa. Yedwel leḥkam deg ufus n lewzir Ḥmed n Musa, i yettwassnen s BbaḤmad, ttuɣa ɣer-s ifilan aked lqayed Ɛisa.
Bac ad yemmutti leḥkam ɣer sselṭan n jjdid, munen qeɛ lquyyad di Fas ḥuma a t-bayɛen, a das-qeddmen ṭṭaɛa. Aṭṭas zi lquyyad-a, ttuɣa ṭɣan x tqebbal-nsen. D manaya i yejjin imezdaɣ a dasen-sugen x tudrin…
Ad yeweḍ lexber ɣer sselṭan, lexdenni yumer lquyad bac ad dewlen ɣer tqebbal-nsen. Dewlen-dd lquyyad n Lḥewz d Dukk°ala d Uzemmur…, ɣir iwḍen-dd ɣer uzemmur, qaṭɛent-asen-dd tqebbal n wemkan-nni. Qeḍɛen abrid x lquyyad n Ɛebda, wer ten jjin ad ɛdun, illa lqayed Muḥemmed n Temmar Lɛebdi, lqayed n teqbilt n Lɛamer, wenni jjin-t ad yeɛdu, minzi ttuɣa-t d asebḥan aked yewdan. Netta wer das yewqiɛ walu, la i netta, la i taddart-nnes, la i twacunt-nnes.
Maca lquyad nneɣni, akid-sen lqayed Ɛisa, qqimen nnuɣen deg Uzemmur, qaṭɛen-asen din imezdaɣ, wer ɛeddun. Tagrawla-ya, msarent deg-s ca n tmeslayin qesḥent, amecnaw min iweqɛen i Ccafɛi ben Lḥafḍi; lqayed n teqbilt n Rrbiɛa, hedmen-as taddart, nɛedden-as x temɣart,…
Lexdenni, umi i dd-yedwel lqayed Ɛisa ɣer taddart-nnes, ttuɣa ittraja a tt-yaf tehdem, niɣ ad yaf imezdaɣ bbcen-dd x-as. Maca ddcar n Lebḥatra wer criken ca di manaya, wer qerrben qeɛ ɣer taddart n Lqayed Ɛisa. Jjin tarwa-nnes d temɣarin-nnes d taddart-nnes di laman.
Yedwel lqayed ittwi ḥadur, ittqerrab ɣer ca n tqebbal, ittbeɛɛad x tinniḍen, Yejbed-dd ɣer-s taqbilt n Dukk°ala d Aḥmer, yewca-sen lesnaḥ d yeksan, bac wer das ittemsir min yemsaren i lqayed Ccafɛi. Yedwel yegga taɣruḍt s tqebbal n Dekk°ala d Aḥmar, yejbed-dd ɣer-s imezdaɣ n Ttemra, yessidf-iten akid-s, yegga-sen amkan, maca iḥaz Wlad Zeyd, kter zi manaya, yumer-iten ad ssersen lesnaḥ, a das-wcen iksan. Rni x manaya, yegga x-asen ad xellsen taẓeṭṭaḍt, a dd-bularen azgen n min ɣer-sen n lmacul.
Munen imezdaɣ n Wlad Zeyd, wtin rray di rray, ufin sslak di tarewla. Asegg°as-nni yettwassen ɣer-sen s “ɛam lherba” (asegg°as n tarewla). Zi ssenni, ruḥen smunen-dd jjehd-nsen, munen x zzaɛim-nsen Ccix Lḥaj Muḥemmed n Melluk, bac ad ggen tagrawla x lqayed Ɛisa.
Qqimen ttsugen x yemxazniyen n lqayed, tteggen afus g ufus aked yinni i wer t-iḥemmlen. Yewqeɛ usekmeḍ n yegran i wayawya… alami yuḥel lqayed Ɛisa, uca yessekk ɣer-sen bac ad ggen ssulḥ d lhudna. Walayenni Wlad Zayd ugin, ssnen ila a ten yeɣder. D manaya i yejjin lqayed a dasen yessekk aṭṭas zi ayt Dekk°ala, yewqeɛ din ij n wemsiqḍi maca aqa d amsiqḍi, iwyen x-asen dinni alami i ten ṭeḥḥan ɛlayen merra. Yerwel ccix Lḥaj Muḥemmed n Melluk, yennuffer dinni deg wemrabeḍ i umi qqaren “ccix Abi Muḥemmed Saleḥ”.
Muen ɛawed Wlad Zeyd, ruḥen ɣer lɛamil n Wasfi Ḥemza Benhima, wcin-as ayenduz ḥuma a ten-yejj ad sɣen lbarud zeg Wasfi, maca yugi-asen.Waxxa amenni, Wlad Zeyd siɣin di tegrawla-nsen. Aṭṭas n yemsiqḍiten d yemseksiten i ggin aked lqayed Ɛisa… maca taneggarut-nsen, ttuɣa-tt ded Wasfi, wami i x-asen sugen dinni s lexber n lɛamil Ḥemza Benhimma, qqimen ttqeṭṭsen deg-sen, iwyen-asen-dd dinni ttmam, cwayt i yeqqimen, rewlen ɣer wemrabeḍ Sidi Muḥemmed Saleḥ, ttren laman. Umi i yufa amenni lqayed Ɛisa, yeskemḍ-asen kulci, tazeddiɣt d lmacul… wer dasen yejji walu. Danit, yudef-dd Ḥemza Benhimma s ufilu acemlal ḥuma a ten yessesleḥ. Wcin awal ḥuma ad selḥen. Kksen awal ḥuma ad yili wemsagar n weslaḥ deg yij n lmaḥal n yij usebbab d aseppanyu qqaren-as Xurxi (George). Usin-dd zzuɛama n yegrawliyen n Wlad Zeyd, uca a x-asen dd-yadef lqayed Ɛisa, akid-s lqayed lḥaj Mbarek Ben Bucta, d lqayed Ben Ɛellal, yebda lefqi yestexṭib bac a ten yesleḥ, ad yesmun ccmel-nsen, maca wer yuki alami i das-yessengez azellif lqayed Ɛisa s ssif, lexdenni, seffan merra imeqqranen n tegrawla n Wlad Zeyd. Manaya yejja ad tewqeɛ tarewla n imezdaɣ n Wasfi, gg°den, uca refsen ijjen d wenneɣnit, yettwassen usegg°as-nni s “ɛam rrefsa” (asegg°as n werfas).
Xerbuca… leɣnuj kter zi lbarud…
Deg wazzerg n wemsiqḍi-ya jer Wlad Zeyd d Lqayed Ɛisa, teḍher-dd Xerbuca, tettɣennaj lɛeyṭa lɛebdeyya. Aklasi-ya n tẓuri (lɛeyṭa) ttuɣa tettwassen ɣer Dekk°ala d Ccawiya d Ɛebda. Tettwassen s wawal yewzen, yettwaqqar-dd x min ttɛicen yewdan di tqebbal-a.
Aṭṭas n yinni i yessiwlen x lɛeyṭa, nnan belli tṭewwer deg ineggura n lqern 19, kter ɛad aked ccixa Ḥwidda, niɣ Ḥadda zzaydiya, i yettwassnen s Xerbuca, tessexdem aklasi-ya n leɣnuj deg umenɣi d wemseksi aked lqayed Ɛisa. Ttuɣa tettegg nnefs deg yergazen n Wlad Zeyd bac ad kkren ad bedden deg wudem n Lqayed i x-asen yeṭɣan.
Teqqar Xerbuca di leɣnuj-nnes:
Xerbuca maci qṣara w rekza خربوشة ماشي قصارة
Xerbuca nexwa w ɛezza خربوشة نخوة وعزة
Tecfi lejraḥ weqt lḥezza. تشفي لجراح وقت الحزة
(xerbuca wer telli d taqessart niɣ d aderdez
Xerbuca d nnexwet, d lɛezz,
tesgenfa agezzum deg wakud iqesḥen)
Tegga Xerbuca tmijja-nnes d aqerṭas, tessewc-it i lqayed Ɛisa, tegga-t deg waccawen umedyaz, dewlen iɣennijen-nnes ittɛawad-iten umeẓẓyan d umeqqran, di leswaq d yegran d yegrawen d yebriden…
Teqqar Xerbuca:
اخايتي لك آ ليام وا ليام آ ليام،
أيام القهرة والظلام
وا فينك آ عويسة، فين الشان والمرشان؟
شحال غيرتي من عباد؟
شحال صفيتي من سياد؟
بلا شفقة وبلا تخمام.
حرگتي الغلة، وسبيتي الكسيبة
وصگتي النسا كيف النعام
يتمتي الصبيان بالعرّام
وايليييي
كي الشيخ، كي العبد، كي المقدم
گاع منك طالبين التسلام
وافينك آ عويسة
فين الشان والمرشان؟
وايلييي
تعديتي وخصرتي لخواطر
وظنيتي لقيادة على الدوام
في ايامك،
الجيد ما بقا لو شان
والرعواني زيدتيه الگدام
سير يا عيسى بن عمر
يا وكال الجيفة
ويا قتال خوتو، ومحلل الحرام
وايلييي
عمر الظالم ما يروح سالم
وعمر العلفة ما تزيد بلا علام.
راني حلفت الجمعة مع التلات
يا عويسى فيك لا بقات
أنا عبدة لعبدة
ولعيسى لا
وايلييي
Teqqim Xerbuca amenni, alami i x-as yesteḥkem lqayed Ɛisa, yenɣa-tt. Din wi yeqqaren aqa yumer ibelleɛ x-as ij n texxamt wer ɣer-s manis zeg-s dd-ɣa teffeɣ, uca yeqqed-as din timessi alami temmut.
Truḥ Xerbuca, maca tessɣer agdud, ila awal iqaden d leɣnuj, zemmren ad ggen kter zi min ittegg wexfif.
teqqar Xerbuca deg yij uɣennij-nnes i tegga x Lqayed Ɛisa:
والاباس والاباس والاباس
هاك الدق بلا قرطاس
a labas a labas a labas
a dac-ɛaneɣ minxef trezzud
bla aqerṭas.


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Aḥidus
Iga Uḥidus yan wurar nna skarn imaziɣen n waṭlas anammas d Usammr. Iga urar ẓḍaṛn ad t skrn ifrxan ula tifrxin, ar tettmziriy talɣa nns zɣ tmnaḍt ar tayyaḍ. Zikk, ar ttaɣn imaziɣn n tmnaḍin ad aḥidus ɣ kraygat tizi, lumaṛ ad day zrint tinwutci, mac tigira ad ar t skarn ɣar ɣ tmɣriwin d tfugliwin. Skrn kra n tmsmunin kra n trubba ganin aḥidus d tazzult ar sis ttkkan timizar akkʷ ar sis drrunt ɣ inmuggarn d igdudn n umaḍal.
Anawen n uḥidus[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iwaliwen-nnes[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Tayri
- Wa mer ufiɣ asafar(a), n tayri a'nebḍu d zzin wa mer ufiɣ asafar(a)   wa mer ufiɣ asafar(a) nekka kullu timizar wa mer ufiɣ asafar(a)
- Irura-k-id ṛebbi, ad ak-fruɣ ajmil (i) ssufuɣ-ak a bu tɣufi, irura-k-id ṛebbi
- Ar allaɣ idda usmun ar allaɣ...
- A ṭṭaleb ad i-tarat ad i-d-yiwin, nṭaleb ad i-yiri uḥbib-inu   wa nurem-as asafar ur i-idawa, wa ṭṭaleb ad i-tarat asafar ad i-d-yiwin   mecta d yan ifka-aɣ lɛahed iddu, wa ṭṭaleb ad i-tarat asafar ad i-d-yiwin.
- Timeldiwin
- Ilula-d wayyur, ɣ tmazirt inu, grat-as tuga, a widda t-yannayen


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Tasertit
Tasertit iswi-s d tuddsa d useggem n imadanen, d wayen yeɛnan iweẓla n taɣiwant. Dɣa isya dɣa id yeka wawal 'Politic', imi azar-is d awal agriki polis ibɣan ad yini taɣiwant, neɣ tiɣremt.
Anamek n tasertit deg akud atrar d aseggem udabu s daxel n addad. S umatu, tasertit d tiskiwet d w'amek leḥun lecɣal n wegraw n yimdanen di tmetti, neɣ n wegdud.
Yal amdan ur nettmuqul ara kan iman-is, neqqar ixedem tasertit. Yal argaz, neɣ tameṭṭut i yettekan deg umusu n tasertit di tmurt n wezref, ilaq ad izrekket (ad iqadar) imenzay n tanaya n weɣref d tugdut.
Anamek wayeḍ n wawal n tasertit daɣen i ttak ar umenɣi ɣef udabu ger irgazen d tulawin i gellan deg udabu amiran (n tura), d wid i gellan deg ikabaren imnagwa.


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Deg teɣult n tegsarut, tufrar-d Zzayer deg umaḍal s yisura inmettiyen, isura n umgaru akked wid n tmellaɣt, i stenyan yimseḍra imeqqranen gar-asen Ahmed Rachedi, Mohamed Zinet, Merzak Allouache akked kra n yilemẓiyen.
Kra n yisura wwin arrazen deg mennaw n tfaskiwin tigraɣlanin, ideg yella « Chronique des années de braise » n Mohamed Lakhdar-Hamina i yewwin Tadeddut n wureɣ deg Tfaska n Cannes deg useggas n 1975, « Z » n Costa-Gavras i yewwin Oscar n usaru amenyif awerdani deg useggas 1969 akked « La bataille d'Alger » n Gillo Pontecorvo i yewwin Izem n wureɣ deg Mostra de Venise deg useggas n 1966.
Deg teɣult n tsekla akked tegmi taggagant, aṭas n yimeskaren akked yinadmayen imeqranen i d-yufraren, ɣef umedya Mohamed Dib, Kateb Yacine, Mouloud Mammeri, Ahlam Mosteghanemi, Tahar Djaout, Tahar Ouettar, Mohammed Arkoun, Malek Bennabi akked Assia Djebar.
Aṭas n tmesriyin n udlis i yettwasuddsen, ideg tella Tmesrit tagraɣlant n udlis n Zzayer yellan d tadyant tadelsant taxatart ugar deg Zzayer yerna d yiwet seg gar tmesriyin timeqqranin deg umaḍal.
Deg teɣult n uẓawan, mennaw n tewsatin i d-ibanen. Ɣef uqerru-nsen Ṛṛay, yettwasetrer sakkin segraɣlanen-t deg yiseggasen 19990
Llant daɣen tewsatin-iḍen n uẓawan i d-yufraren ɣeḍment tibbuɣert n yidles azzayri, ɣef umedya Cceɛbi, Adiwan, Anedlusi, ccna acawi, aqbayli, abedwi akked utergi i d-yufraren imir-a deg usayes agraɣlan.
Drg tẓuriyin n teklut, turew-d Zzayer inaẓuren mucaɛen ɣef umedya Mohamed Racim, d yiwen seg yimezwura deg tẓuri n uqmamaḍ, Baya Mehieddine, d tamezwarut deg tẓuri n nniya, Bachir Yeles, Mohamed Khedda, Choukri Mesli, M'hamed Issiakhem, Abdelkader Guermaz akked Rachid Koraichi.
Deg tẓuri tis 4, ilul-d Umezgun aɣelnaw azzayri deg useggas n 1963 i wumi semman tura Mahieddine Bachtarzi, yiwen seg yimezwura deg tẓuri akked yidles Azzayri. Irgazen n umezgun isurfanen gar-asen Ould Abderrahmane Kaki yettwassnen s tṣekka-s « Lgerrab wa Ṣṣalḥin », Abdelkader Alloula d ameskar n umekraḍ mucaɛen « Amennay », Wid yelhan » akked « yigujilen », akked Muḥend U Yeḥya igan tagrawla deg umezgun s tenfalit tamaziɣt, akked mennaw n yismawen imeqqranen.
Aṭas n Tfaskiwin i yeqlen d tisuda, ideg tella tfaska taɣelnawt n umezgun n yiḥeffaḍen n Msetɣanem (1967), d yiwet n tfaska n umezgun n yiḥeffaḍen seg gar tid yellan d tiqburin deg umaḍal.
Deg uzawag n wunuɣen, mennaw n yismawen n yimseɣnawen i d-yufraren, gar-asen Mohamed Mazari (Maz), Menouar Merabtine (Slim) akked Said Zanoun yebdan ngum azarug. Tafaska tagraɣlant n uzawag n wunuɣen n Zzayer d yiwet seg gar tedyanin tixatarin n uzawag n wunuɣen deg Tefriqt akked umaḍal aɛrab.
Tessuddes Zzayer tidyanin timeqqranin iɣeḍmen tilin-is deg tɣerma akked tidgi-s yellan deg tqacuct, taxatart akk deg-sent d Tafaska tadelsant tafriqit i d-yeḍran kan deg tmurt n Zzayer snat n tikkal, deg useggas n 1969 akked 2009, s tihawt n yinaẓuren akked waggagen yemgarden n tmura tifriqiyin akked yimɣiwanen ifriqiyen yeddren deg umaḍal.
Llan daɣen tedyanin-iḍen am « Zzayer, Tamaneɣt n Yidles Aɛrab » deg useggas n 2007, « Qsenṭina, Tamaneɣt n Yidles Aɛrab » deg useggas n 2015, akked « Tlemsan, Tamaneɣt n Yidles Ineslem » deg useggas n 2011, ideg ttekkant mennaw n tmura n Tuddsa tislamant i usegmi, tussna akked yidles.
Ddeqs n yirmuden i yettwasuddsen i usmal n tsekta tamaziɣt n yidles azzayri, am Tfaska n umezgun amaziɣ n Tbatent, Tafaska n tezlit tamaziɣt n Tmenɣest, Anekcum n Tmaziɣt ɣer tmenḍawt d tutlayt tunṣibt deg useggas n 2016, s umsadeɣ akked unekcum ɣer tmenḍawt n uzref i yidles.
Tigemmi tanmaḍalt n talsa
Tesɛa Zzayer ṭam (8) n yiferdisen n tgemmi tarangan i yettwasiggzen deg tgemmi tanmaḍalt n talsa deg Unesco, Ahellil n Gurara deg useggas n 2008, aselsu n tissulya n Tlemsan « Ccedda n Tlemsan » deg useggas n 2012, Sbuɛ n Tlalit n Nnbi deg Timimun akked Imzad i yettwasiggzen d tigemmi tucrikt gar Zzayer, Mali akked Nnijer deg useggas n 2013.
Yella daɣen deg wumuɣ, aḥuǧu aseggasan ɣer tqerrabt n Sidi Ccix deg Lbeyyeḍ, akked tfugla n Sbiba n Ǧnet (aseggas n 2014), akked wansayen yeqqnen ɣer ufares akked wučči n seksu yettwasmunen d tigemmi tucrikt n yiɣerfan n tmazɣa (deg useggas n 2020, akked usuneɣ n yisekkilen n teɛrabt tettwasun d tigemmi tucrikt n umaḍal aɛrab akked yineslem (deg useggas n 2021).
Deg wayen yerzan tigemmi tangant, tessekcem Zzayer sa (7) n yiferdisen deg wumuɣ n Tgemmi tanmaḍalt n talsa n Unesco gara-asen « Tiɣremt n Bni Ḥemmad » deg Temsilt deg useggas n 1980, idgen isenzikanen iqburen n « Ǧamila » deg Sṭif, « Timgad » deg Tmatent akked « Tpaza », deg useggas n 1982.
Ttwasmunen daɣen d tigemmi tanmaḍalt, deg useggas-nni, asalay yeldin « Ṭasili n Ajjer » akked « Iɣzer n Mẓab » deg Tɣerdayt, teḍfer-itent-id « Teqsebt n Zzayer tamaneɣt » deg useggas n 1992.
Tesɛa daɣen Zzayer semmus n yifragen idelsanen iɣelnawen gar-asen « Ṭasili n Ajjer », « Aheggar », « Twat-Gurara-Tidikelt », « Aṭlas awniri » akked « Afrag adelsan n Tinduf », akked simraw yigzumen yettwamesten ilan azal ameqqran deg tgemmi.
La tettmùahal imir-a, d acrik akked Tdukli tafriqit akken ad sseḍrun yiwen n usenfar n Asalay Ameqqran n Tefriqt.
Ad yettwaɣnew yerna ad yers ddaw leɛnaya n Unesco, asammas i uḥareb ɣef tgemmi tadelsant tarangant deg Tefriqt, d yiwet n tallunt n umyiger n yimsenziken ifriqiyen yemmuzgen deg tgemmi tarangant n Tefriqt.
Zzayer, d yiwen seg gar ddwaḥ n talsa
Deg wamber 2018, imsenziken izzayriyen akked yimezɣaren ufan later n tihawt n umdan ilan azemz n wazal n 2,4 n yimelyunen n yiseggasen deg udeg yellan deg « Ɛin Bucriṭ » deg temnaḍt n Ɛin Leḥnec deg Sṭif « Agafa agemmuḍan n tmurt).
Yiwet n teɣlamt n yinagmayen izzayriyen, ispenyuliyen, ustraliyen akked yifransiyen caren-d tifin n yifecka ilitiyen s uẓru inejren akked yiɣsan n yiɣersiwen i d-yefkan ttbut dakken adeg-a d wis sin yellan d aqbur ugar deg umaḍal deffir win n Kuna deg tmurt n ityupya ilan deg leɛmer-is 2,6 n yimelyunen n yiseggasen yers d dduḥ n talsa.
Tifin-a tasenzikant taxatart ideg caren anadi deg yiseggasen n 90 i d-yettwasiẓergen deg tesɣunt tussnant tamarikanit mucaɛen « Tussna », tefka-d ttbut n turda n tilin n snat n tizratin n uqelleɛ n tɣerma n umdan, seg Tefriqt n Ugemmuḍ akked Tefriqt n Ugafa.


text:
Wi isturjmen linjil ɣer Tmaziɣt ?
Deg usegg°as n 1887 ad d-yeffeɣ Linjil amezwaru yettwarun s Tmaziɣt n Arrif s usekkil Aɛrab. ufuɣ n linjil-a n Matta di lweqt-nni yesrusa aṭṭas n iseqsiten, zeg iseqsiten i d-ittemrusan ɣer uzellif, wi yuran linjil-nni ? Ma ttuɣa din ca n Irifiyen d imasiḥiyen deg wakud-nni ?
Alaḥsab tarezzut i negga deg usentel-a, nufa awerni i umsawaḍ-nneɣ aked ijjen zeg Imasiḥiyen Irifyen, zeg iwdan ig ibedden x yijjen n usit s Tmaziɣt n Arrif, dag-s tussniwin x Tmasiḥit. Yenna-d belli d ijjen qqaren-as « Mackintosh ». Isem n uterras-a ittban-d d aglinzi, ula kṭer mala nessen belli linjil-a wa ittwaḍbeɛ di London deg usegg°as n 1887. Manaya ixes ad yini belli lxedmet x usuɣel tebda qbel i usegg°as-a. Mamec i din ttuɣa ijjen linjil nniḍen d akemmel x umezwaru yettwaḍbeɛ deg usegg°as n 1890. Wa d Linjil n Yuḥenna. Wer nessin ma linjil-a n Yuḥenna, ma d lxedmet n « Mackintosh » s ixef-nnes niɣ d ca n ijjen nniḍen i yeggin lxedmet-a. Maca ad yili d Mackintosh s ixef-nnes niɣ d ḥedd ixeddem akid-s di gruppu-nnes.
Alaḥsab aḍris i nettaf, ittawi-aneɣ-d Rebbi ila Tmaziɣt i zi yettwassuɣel linjil d Tmaziɣt n Temsaman. Manaya ad aneɣ-yejj ad nennurẓem x tnayen n tebridin, tamezwarut-nnes, ma Mackintosh netta ttuɣa-t di Temsaman ? Mala amenni mamec i das-igga ? Ma igga ixef-nnes d Ameslem niɣ d Uday ? Minzi Irifiyen di lweqt-nni ttuɣa qebblen udayen jar-asen, maca Irumiyen, yudrus mani zedɣen di « tmurt n Imselmen ». Tabridt-nniḍen, ad yili ca n Utemsaman ixdem aked Mackintosh di Mlilet. Icten zi tnayen-a n tebridin tzemmer ad tili d tidet, niɣ ad ilint d tidet s tnayen idsent.
Linjil n Matta yettwassuɣlen ɣer Tmaziɣt di 1887
Aɣlaf n linjil ttuɣa-t s wewraɣ, uran ijjen uzwel d mugdar s usekkil aɛrab : « Linjil n seyyed Yasuɛ rmasiḥ imssenjem-nnex », ammu s usekkil n Teɛrabt : « إنجيل إن إسيذ يسوع رمسيح إمسنجم إنخ» s wadday-nnes, iffeɣ-d zzag-s ijjen uzwel nniḍen d ameẓẓyan « xires n Matta, ijjen n ireḥwariyen », s usekkil n Teɛrabt : «خيرس إن متا يجن إن إرحواريين », deg weɣlaf-nnes uran mani ittwaḍbeɛ : « yettwaḍbeɛ di Lunders ». Adlis-a dag-s ca n 107 n isebṭaren. Aya bla ma ad dag-s d-iydaren isem n umssuɣel.
Minzi wa d adlis n Tmaziɣt n Arrif d amezwaru, aya isseqseḥ lxedmet x « Mackintosh ?». S manaya nettaf n imxumbal i yeqqnen ɣer usturjem deg udlis-a wanita. Ad d-nawi ijjen ugeṭṭum d ameẓẓyan zi mayen isturjem Mackintosh :
» و سمع الملك هيرودس، فاضطرب هو و كل أورشليم. فجمع كل رؤساء الكهنة و معلمي الشعب و سألهم : » أين يولد المسيح ؟ » فأجابوا : » في بيت لحم اليهودية، لآن هذا ما كتب النبي :
« يا بيت لحم، أرض يهودا،
ما أنت الصغرى في مدن يهوذا،
لأنك منك يخرج رئيس
يرعى شعب إسرائيل ».
Ad d-nawi asuɣel n Mackintosh s usekkil aɛrab :
أومي إسدج هيرودس أزجيذ يتوغرغر نتا ذ قاع أوشليم أكيذس، يجرو قاع إمقرانن نركهنه إذ إشثثبن إن ميدن يسقسثتن مني أذتوورو إرمسيح، إنينس ذي ربيت لحم إن ثوذشت.
لأن هميا إتواور سنبيا، إذ شم يا إربيت لحم ذي ثمورث إن يهوذا ور ثدجيذ تمزينت جر إمقرانن إن يهوذا لآن زيم أذ يفغ إرقايذ إذ إروس إرقوم إينو ن إسرائيل «
Zi min ɣa neffeɣ zeg ugeṭṭum-a ameẓẓyan, a naf belli :
Aturjman wer iweqqer ca aḍris amezwaru, wer iwci bu wawalen n tidet s Tmaziɣt, ittxellaṭ aṭṭas n teɛrabt di ca n wawalen llan s Tmaziɣt, ameknaw « li’anna » nettaf ɣer-s awalen s Tmaziɣt : « minzi, laḥeqqac… », manaya ixes ad yini ila Mackintosh d ijjen issen Taɛrabt mliḥ. Manaya ittban deg iwalen i d-yerḍel zi Teɛrabt isxeddam-iten deg weḍris-nnes isturjem, aked Manaya din amxumbel n tira n Tmaziɣt.
Lexdayem n Imasiḥiyen s Tmaziɣt n Arrif.
Zi lqern n tseɛṭac i tebda lxedmet n Imasiḥiyen di Arrif ḥma ad d-rren iḍrisen-nnsen ɣer Tmaziɣt, aya yebda-d amek nenna di 1887, ad d-teffeɣ ijjen lxedmet nniḍen di 1890. Ad tbedd lxedmet-a ca n lqern n usegg°as, ar d ɣa yeffeɣ ijjen udlis qqaren-as « lexdayem n arrasul » adlis-a iseggden deg ijjen wudem d amaynu ggin-as « lexdayem n imazanen ». Mamec i d-yeffeɣ ijjen udlis deg usegg°as n 2006 qqaren-as « Tabrat n arrasul pulus ɣer rmumnin i yedjan di temdint n Ruma ». Mamec ittwazemmem linjil n Matta d Yuḥenna di ca n sintat s Tmaziɣt, mamec ttwazemmemn abarru n iɣennijen issemɣaren zi Yasuɛ s Tmaziɣt n Arrif. Ttwaggen aṭṭas n idlisen d imeẓẓyanen mmalen-d dag-s tudert n Yasuɛ, s tlata n isekkilen n Tmaziɣt. Mamec ittwaxdem ijjen dublaj s Trifiyt i lfilm n Yasuɛ.


text:
Tiẓwar d-yetteqqalen: Lezzayer d tamurt tafriqit tis kraḍt deg ukettur yersen deg 2020Akwas, 17 Yunyu 2021 12:05
LEZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Lezzayer teṭṭef adeg wis 3 deg Tefriqt deg wayen yerzan akettur-nnes yersen n teẓwar d-yetteqqalen ay d-yettakfen 0,5 n yijigawaṭen deg tgara n 2020, deffir Tefriqt n Unẓul d Maṣer, ɣef wakken ay d-yenna umlu anmaḍal ɣef tegnit n teẓwar d-yetteqqalen n tsentayt n REN21.
Lezzayer temmuqqen akken ad teḥrez tigemmi-nnesAsinas, 25 Mayu 2021 11:20
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ADDIS ABABA – Yenna-d uneɣlaf azzayri n yiweẓla iwerdaniyen, Sabri Boukadoum, ass n usiḍyas, dakken yella-d lexṣaṣ usedger n tgezzayt mgal waḍḍan n Covid-19 deg Tefriqt, yernu yessefk ad yefru wugur-a war leɛḍil, am wakken ay d-icaɣli mgal yisemda ibumzelgen ay izemren ad d-kken seg unmezgi aqessḥan ɣef tgezzayin d wayen yettwasemman « taẓraɣlant tagezzayant » yernu yezmer ad iḍurr waya taɣellist n yimdanen deg umenẓaw afriqi.
Anfafad Bu Tesmert (Covid-19) : Tesselwi Lezzayer yiwet n temlilit n CPS yerzan asekcem n tgezzayt ɣer TefriqtAsiḍyas, 22 Mayu 2021 16:43
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Imidyaten ifriqiyen yessefk ad ḍemnen tamunit i Wasun Afriqi n Umsenfal IlelliAsimwas, 26 Fuṛaṛ 2021 13:18
LEZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Ineɣmasen ifriqiyen yessefk ad sɛun timussniwin tidamsanin d tnezzanin ɣef Tefriqt akken ad zemren ad ḍemnen tamunit d tamellilt i Wasun Amenẓawan Afriqi n Umsenfal Ilelli, ɣef wakken ay d-twekked, ass n ukwas, Tesmilt Tadamsant i Tefriqt n Yiɣlanen Yeddukklen.
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ADDIS ABEBA – Yenna-d uselway n Tegduda Tamegdayt n Kungu, Felix Tshisekedi Tshilombo, yellan d aselway n Tdukli Tafriqit, ass n usamas, dakken tuddsa-a ad tedhel Lezzayer deg uciri n Usalay Afriqi Ameqqran.
Lezzayer tger-d tiɣri i userbeḥ n tsemmeskal tisudanin deg Tdukli TafriqitAsamas, 07 Fuṛaṛ 2021 12:55
ADDIS ABEBA – Twekked-d Lezzayer, ass n usiḍyas, dakken akala n tsemmeskal tisudanin deg Tdukli Tafriqit yesɛa tixxutert d tameqqrant imi iswi-nnes d asmal n tigawt tafriqit tucrikt, am wakken ay d-twekked dakken yessefk ad iqader ukala-a imenzayen n tuddsa-a tamenẓawant.
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PRETORIA – Yessawel uneɣlaf n yiweẓla iwerdaniyen, Mass Sabri Boukadoum, ass n usinas, d tneɣlaft tanẓulefriqit n wassaɣen igraɣlanen, Naledi Pandor, ɣef usugget ay yessefk ad ssuggtent Lezzayer d Tefriqt n Unẓul ussisen ucriken deg Tdukli Tafriqit d Yiɣlanen Yeddukklen i lmend n usmal n tnufa n Tefriqt d usedwet n wuggumen n yiɣerfan ifriqiyen.
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LEZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Lezzayer tger-d tiɣri, deg Tedwilt Tafeɣnamit Tis 14 n Usarag n Yiɣellaten n Uwanak d Unabaḍ n Tdukli Tafriqit i talwit deg Tefriqt akken ad yejhed umciweṛ i lmend n tukksa n teẓriɣeft tukriḍt, amennuɣ mgal tremɣa d usebded n usidrem n tremɣa.


text:
Azwel: Addriwen n uẓuyyet
Anaw: Asefru
Amaru: Halim El Madani
Tawlaft n uɣamus: Mohamed Taibi
Timegga n uɣamus: Abdelwahed Taibi
Tasiggezt: Al Anwar, Selouane, Nador
Asrus azerfan: 2020MO3014
ISBN: 978-9920-39-977-7
Addriwen n uẓuyyet, d amud ameẓwar n yezlan/usefru n weẓlawi Ḥalim Lmadani. Asijj ameẓwar x wedlis‑a, ittic‑aneɣ ijt n tmuɣri tiliw x min yerbu. Ammen dag‑s deg iẓwel: Aẓuyyet. La d tawlaft das‑yegga artista ṬṬaybi, dag‑s aṭṭas n uẓuyyet, as‑tinid teqqar‑aneɣ min dag‑s deg wamud‑a. Aẓuyyet n ucal, n tyemmat, d ca nniḍen. Di daxel n wedlis, nettaf aẓlawi yura s usekkil Alatini, d usekkil n Tfinaɣ.
Mala tuɣa amaru xmi yettari isrusa zzates ameɣri, necc deg wemcan n umeɣri srusiɣZi tmessizwart n wamud Addriwen n uẓuyyet
din ixef inu; ttariɣ i yexf inu, minzi meɛlik tuɣa kessiɣ amnus i ymeɣra ili war d tiseɣ.
Tayemmat, tamurt d min ɣer‑s yeqqnen d imunas, tira, tayri, d tina d tisfifin i di nzemmer a nsedda Tiqessisin n weẓlawi Ḥalim Lmaḍani
Uriɣ asefru,Zi tqessist: Asefru
Ma d wenni d asefru ?
Melmi mma das sḥinnbeɣ
Ili yexs ad iru.
Wadem‑ayi a yarebbiTaqessist: Tayemmat
Ttuɣa wer dayi itɣil;
Azal n tyemmat,
Ajenna wer t‑yeddil !
Tiqessisn isettfen deg wamud‑a, nettaf aẓlawi wer dag‑sent iceṭṭer di tmaziɣt yeqquren, deg iwalen d iqdimen, d yin d imaynuten. Mamec dag‑sent msebḍant tebridin n usefru. Jer min yeccuren s Umiṭafur, d min di dd‑ittas weẓlawi nican ad yini min yixs.
Bla awi err deg awal. Adlis‑a ɛad wer x‑as yeqfil usegg°as di tsedlisin, al mani ttuɣa das yeḍleq weẓlawi deg internet, ad tɣren yiwdan marra.
Ssa tzemmrem ad t‑idd‑tessehwam. niɣ ad t‑ɣrem.


text:
Lmɣrib
- Iɣ ur igi wad amgrad lli tsiggilt, kcm s tasna n Mrrakc bac ad tẓrt akkʷ imgradn nna dar illa yism zun d wad !
Lmɣrib (s tutlayt tɛrabt : « المغرب », al-Maɣrib ; s ugmmay n tfinaɣ : « ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ », Lmɣrib) nɣ s ism nns unṣib Tagldit n Lmɣrib (s tutlayt tɛrabt : « المَمْلَكَةُ المَغْرِبِيَّة », al-Mamlaka al-Maɣribiya ; s ugmmay n tfinaɣ : « ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ », Tagldit n Lmɣrib) tga yat tmazirt, ig yan wawenk igan tagldit, tlla ɣ iẓẓlmḍ s tagut n tafriqt, tg yat zɣ tmizar n tamazɣa. Tmaẓunt nns iga-tt Rrbaṭ, d tiɣrmt da akkʷ gis imqqurn tga-tt Tigmmi Tumlilt.
Timdinin nns imqqurn gan-tn Fas, Mrrakc, Sla, Mknas, Agadir, Asfi, Ṭanja, Tiṭṭawn, Wujda, Lɛyun, Lḥusima, Bni Mllal, Lqnḍrt, Warzazat d Ddaxla. Iḥudda-tt-id zɣ ugafa ill agrakal, zɣ yiffus Muriṭanya, zɣ lqblt tamazirt n Dzayer, zɣ tagut iḥudda-tt-id ill Aṭalanti. Tamazirt ad tɣʷi kra n 710.850 km², d zdɣn gi-s kra n 36 id myun n middn iɣ nẓra tqdirat n usggʷas n 2019[8]. Iga Lmɣrib agmam ɣ ammas n Iwunak Munnin zɣ usggʷas n 1956, d iga yan zɣ tmizar lli-d iskrn Tamunt n Lmɣrib Mqqurn ɣ usggʷas n 1989[9].
Teṭṭaf tmazirt n Lmɣrib yan wanaw n tnbaḍt ig tgldit tadusturant, agllid nns iga tt Muḥammad wis-sḍiṣ, nttan ad ittnbaḍn tamazirt zɣ usggʷas n 1999 lliɣ immut babas Ḥasan wis-sin. Teṭṭaf tmazirt ad ula yan udustur ar si-s tswuri zɣ usggʷas n 2011, nttan a f ṣwwṭn tugt n inmuran.
Anssixf nɣ awazir amzwaru lli illan ɣil-ad iga-t Ɛaziz Axnnuc, lli igan anssixf n Ugraw Anamur i Insimann.[10]
Aẓur n yismsnfl
Ism n « Lmɣrib » ikka-d taɛṛabt. Anamk nns iga-t ɣilli ɣ ttggz tafukt. Ittyussan daɣ Lmɣrib ɣ dar imaratn iɛrabn s « almaɣrib alaqṣa » (المغرب الأقصى) lli t-igan « Lmeɣrib nna akkʷ yaggugen », s unamk n « adɣar akkʷ yaggugen nna ɣ tteggez tafukt ».
Ism n Amṛṛuk s tmaziɣt « ⴰⵎⵕⵕⵓⴽ » iga asmẓi n yism anṣli Murakuc nɣ Mrrakc, aẓur n ism ad igat « Amur n wakuc », Assinf ad iwin-t-id irwas tutlayin tiṛumiyin, ḍfṛn kullu ismawn lli akkant tmizar yaḍn taɣarast ad. Ar ttinin ifransawiyn « Maroc », isblyuniyn « Marruecos », Ibrtqqizn nɣ d iburtuɣaliyn ar ttinin « Marrocos », Ngalza ar ttinin « Morocco », Ilalmaniyn ar ttinin « Marokko ». Abla iturkiyn lli as ittinin « Fas », d iraniyn lli as ittinin « Murakuc ».
Ism aqbur lli s tettussan tamazirt n Lmɣrib igat « Muriṭanya », tkka-t-inn tagldit n Muriṭanya tga tagldit nna akk izwarn ɣ Lmɣrib, tsmun Lmɣrib n ɣila d tmazirt n Muriṭanya d imik ɣ Dzayr ( Ẓr Muriṭanya bac ad tssnt uggar ). Tfrn tt-id ismawn yaḍn zun d Mrrakc dar lmurabitin, d Fas.
Amzruysnfl
Azrmzruysnfl
Adɣar lli ɣ illa Lmɣrib ɣilad ikka-tt-inn ittuyzdaɣ zɣ uzmz aẓrwan aqbur, ɣ kra n wakud illan gr 190.000 d 90.000 m.ɛ (mnid ad ilul ɛisa). Tlla yat tiɣri tamaynut tzḍar ad tml mas t-inn ikka Lmɣrib ittuyzdaɣ urta akk tarix ad bɛd ma d ufan kra n ixsan n ufgan azayku ma mu ttinin Homosapiens tama n uftas n yill aṭlasi ɣ udrar n Iɣud lliɣ asn skrn taḥalil ufan mas lɛmr nnsn ar itturri s 315.000 q.ɛ, ɣayad ad yujjan ixsan ad ad gin tilli akk iqburn ɣ umaḍal akk[11].
Ɣ uzmz anaẓran (n uẓru) amaynu, uckand iṣyaḍn d imksawn, staqrn ɣ ṣavana n idɣarn nna. Tadlsa nnsn tsfalkay aylliɣ ibda waman ar t ittiliḥ bɛd 500 q.ɛ s ssbab n isnfal n unzwi. Idɣarn lli illan ɣ taman yill n Lmɣrib ɣ umzwaru n uzmz anaẓran amaynu tkka-tt-inn tmunn ddu yat tdlsa n lfxxar d tadlsa n idɣarn n yill agrakal. Tɣuriwin n tarkyulujit mlan masd ttadjin n tfunasin d tkrrazt s sin-itsn kkan-tt-inn ɣ uzmz ann. Ɣ uzmz n iɣir, tadlsa tajirsit tlkm ɣ-akud-ann s ugafa n Lmɣrib.
Azmz aqbursnfl
Tuckit n ifiniqin s iftasn imurwakucin yiwi s tsutin n unbaḍ n imẓẓin g yiẓẓlmḍ n Lmɣrib. Isbbabn ifiniqin iflayn tamnaḍt nɣd tasga n tagut ɣ yill umlil agrakal dat n tasut tiss tamt dat n tlalit n Ɛisa d dffir nns s imikk ṣkan tisgiyin n tisnt g yiftasn d isaffn n Lmɣrib. D gr timntawin mqqurnin izwarn n ifiniqin tlla g Cala, Liksus, d Mugadur.
Tucka-d tɣrma taqṛṭajit dat n tasut tiss smmust dat n tlalit n Ɛisa d tsmuzza n tkiriḍt nns ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n tafṛiqt. Qṛṭaj trna tazdiwin n tsbbabt nns d tqqbilin timaziɣin, d ar asn takka aqqaṛiḍ ku asggʷas afadd ad tḥḍu amyawas nnsn g tsarwa n tngiwin timzwura.
Zzɣ tasut tiss kṛaḍt dat n tlalit n Ɛisa, tkkatt inn Muṛitanya tga tagldit taqqbilit tamaziɣt g ugʷmmaḍ agrakal n Lmɣrib, agllid i kullu iqqbuṛn ittussann mas inbḍ tagldit ad igat Baga, lli ynbḍn ɣ tasut tiss kṛaḍt dat n tlalit n Ɛisa d dffir nns yucka d Bukus amzwaru i ynbḍn gr 100 d 80 dat n tlalit, igldan imaziɣn ur ar yadlli bahra kkṛḍn iftasn, taɣawsa lli yssrxan akccum n iṛumin, ɣ-akud-ann aɣulnt kra n tsgiwin g Muṛiṭanya tga tamsddurruyt taṛumit g 33 dat n tlalit, d taɣul dffir nns kullut g usggʷas n 40 dffir n tlalit lliɣ inɣa umnukad Kaligula agllid Amuri Baṭelimus.
Unuɣ n takuct Diyana g Walili, Ṛuma tkkṛḍ ikaliwn n Muritanya, i yadlli ur bahra ittuswttan, s imsasatn d tmyaqqanin d tqqbilin tiẓuṛanin d g udɣar ad ig azzaɣ asrdasan, d tsiriw tissas nns ɣar f tsgiwin iɣ a yadlli tlummaẓ gis, d iɣ ur a bahra tsɣawsa kigan n isrdasn afadd attn t tḥḍu .
Tamnaḍt ad taɣul tga agzzum ɣ tamnukda n Ṛuma d yaɣul wassaɣ nns igat Muṛitanya Taṭnjit d tga tɣrmt n Ṭanjis nɣ Ṭanja amnru nns. ɣ tizi lliɣ inbḍ amnkad aṛumani Agsṭus, inbbaḍn n Muritanya taṭnjit lli yadlli inbḍn tasgiwin n yiffus n Vulubilis nɣ Walili. Kra n inmzrayn ar ttinin mas tlm tamnukda taṛumanit ar Anfa (Ɣila tga Tigmmi tumlilt s yism).
Ɣ usggʷas n 285 tffuɣ tamnukda taṛumanit ɣ Lmɣrib d uckan-d iwindaln igan tiqqbilin zzɣ tamazirt n ijiṛmanin, d ḍaṛat nnsn Iquṭin d Ibiẓanṭin. Ɣ tizi yad kkantt inn middn g idrarn ur tn isdurri awd yan, is tn yadlli nbḍn inbbaḍn d imɣarn zzɣ gisn. Ackn-d ilmma wid iskarn tiɣri i tamasiḥt s Lmɣrib g tasut tiss snat, d kra n middn izdɣn g iḍuṛan ad d ismgan d kra n imkrazn kcmn s usgd ad amaynu lli tn id ilkmn.
Azmz anammassnfl
Azzaɣ amuslm n tsga n Lmɣrib amuzzur, issntin ɣ tuẓẓmt n tasut tiss sat n tlalit, d imurs g ussnti n tasut tiss tamt. Azzaɣ ad yiwi d Lislam d tutlayt tasrɣint s Lmɣrib. Dffir nns yiwrri Lmɣrib iga agzzum g uwank amawi g tfṛiqt, d isnbaḍn n ku tasgiwin ar ttustan zzɣ dar asnbaḍ imqquṛn g Lqirawan s tqbilin timaziɣin lli ikcmn lislam,macc awxxa ɣikan ɣaman f uslgn nnsn iqqbuṛn, d fkan argay I wawank amuslm amaynu. Uckan d kra n tqbilin tisrɣinin s Lmɣrib zdɣn gis d skrn tigldanin nnsn, zun d Ṣalḥ Bn Mnṣuṛ lli iṣkan tagldit n Nkkur d ifsr Lislam gr imzdaɣn n tgldit nns, tugtt n tikkal dffir lliɣ ar ttilin kigan n imnɣan.
G 750 tel, tiqqbilin timaziɣin nkrn mgal n tgllit tamawit. Tagrawla tssnta g dar tiqqbilin illan g tagut n Lmɣrib d tfsr dɣya g tmnaḍt kullu. Waxxa tagrawla tdrus d s 742 tel, urta tlkm Lqiṛawan, d ur sul ẓḍaṛn dffir nns isnbaḍn imawin nɣd ignsas nnsn iebbasin ad siwrrin anbaḍ nnsn f tagut n tfṛiqt. Lmɣrib g tizi yad iffuɣ afus n yimawin macc yiwrri ibḍa f kigan n tglda timaziɣin mẓẓinin zun d: Ibuṛɣwaṭin, Sijilmassa, Nkkur, d rnu fllasn Tilmsan, d Tahrt i yllan ɣilad g Dzayr g usggʷas n 789 tel, ittugma wawank aydrisi inbḍn Lmɣrib f g ufus n Idris iwis n Ɛbdllah, i yadlli irwln zzɣ yat tmdayt g usggʷas n 786 tel, d ifta s tɣrmt n Walili d tbrrkt taqqbilt n Uṛaba tamaziɣt, dffir nns issnta inmuzun nns ar kiɣ ilkm awank n Tamsna, Fizaz, d Tlmsan. Ar kiɣ t inɣa Haṛun Ṛṛacid s ustci, ilmma yumẓ iwis Idris wiss sin anbaḍ dffir nns lliɣ dars 12 usggʷas. Afrux ad igad argaz d issmɣur anbaḍ nns ar kiɣ yumẓ Lmɣrib kullut, d iṣka tiɣrmt n Fas.
Lliɣ iḍṛ unbaḍ Aydrisi, d zzɣ usggʷas 1060, ssntan t tidfrin timaziɣin ar ttnbaḍn Lmɣrib, Awank amzwaru gitsn iga t uwank n Imṛabṭn zzɣ tqqbilt n ilmtunn lli iḍfuṛn i tqqbilt imqquṛn n yiẓnagn. Awank n Yimṛabṭn tmurs g ad tsmun tamazirt n Umurnwakuc. Dffir n Yimṛabṭn uckan d kigan n tglda tiyyaḍ zun d Imwwuḥḥidin, Imarinin, Iwṭṭasn, d Isedin yat tḍfuṛ tayyaḍ d kraygat yat ar tskar amnru nns g iɣrman imqqurn g Lmɣrib ɣakud ann. Tiɣrmin ad ar ttussanent ɣilad s tiɣrmun n tamnukda tamurwakucit. D ḍaṛat n tasut tiss 11 tel, buɣlan t teglda yad d urrint gan t idwasn imqquṛn g tagut n Tafṛiqt s usrag n tmnaḍin mqqurnin lli yadlli nbḍn gis d awr nttu ula Landalus. Lliɣ tḍr Landalus rurn kigan n imuslmn d udayn s Lmɣrib f yimnɣi lli ssnkrn t tgldanin timasiḥin, lli ittusann ɣilad s yimnɣan n usuwrruy.
Azmz amaynusnfl
G umzruy amaynu ɣaman Isedin g unbḍ ar usggʷas n 1659. dffir nns tnunnt tdfrt n Iealawin i yadlli inbḍn tagldit n Tfilalt zzɣ 1635. tadfrt ad tules tsmun Lmɣrib g usggʷas n 1666. G usggʷas n 1684 yurrid Mulay Smaeil iwis n Ccrif s Ṭanja zzɣ Ingliz d issnta ar ismun tiɣrmin n Lmɣrib g yan wawank imunn, mqqar ugint kra n teqqbilin addiss munnt, ikkattinn Lmɣrib ad igan awank amzwaru issikzn s tsimant n Mirikan g ussnti n tgrawla tamirikanit g usggʷas n 1787. Ukan kkan tt inn tinawin timirikanin ittkkan illan n Lmɣrib ar fllasn ttakʷayn imritln imaziɣn, dffir nns iɣtes ugllid Muḥmmad wiss kṛaḍ masd ku tinawin timirikanin rad magẓnt zzɣ tukyiwin n imritln g tetgart n tiddukla ittuskrn g usggʷas n 1777. d tatgart ad tga ɣilad zzɣ titgarin tiqqbuṛin itskr Mirikan, d i sul isuln ar ɣass ad.
Zzɣ tazwiri n tasut tiss 18 ibidd Lmɣrib mnid yat tgrawla imqqurn ittuzdan d tgrawla tamgurant tussnta g Uṛupa, d yurm Lmxzn ad iskr kigan n isuɣdn afad ad imun d usrus amaynu I'll an g mnid nns, d gr isuɣdn ad:
- Issnta Lmɣrib ar issifiḍ imuzar xf islulla d ikrḍ fllasn Lmxzn ad sskṛẓn tiḍaf afad ad ur tɣama tikki d temxxart, d tssgdl asnsr n iqqaṛiḍn n tmizar n bṛṛa.
- Iṣka wawank yat tinml tamaynut g Sela afad ad gis ttuɣran timassanin timaynutin n uzmz ann, d ar takka taggazt i yinlmadn, d tṣṣifḍ ismmigln s bṛṛa.
- Zzɣ ismmigln i yeṣṣifḍ uwank, kra n inlmadn skrn asmuttg dar udfrir n Urupa n tagut, d isɣa d ɣakudan Lmxzn ilafn imaynutn d iṣka yan usakʷn n walaf g tɣrmt n Fas.
Lmxzn d tsrtitsnfl
Lɛṣkṛsnfl
Tadamsasnfl
Azmz iqṛṛbnsnfl
Tasrtit d tmrsalsnfl
Angraw n tnbaḍtsnfl
Adustur d tmrsalsnfl
Acnyal d izli anamursnfl
Tibḍit tamssugurtsnfl
Tasgiwinsnfl
Ɣ usggʷas n 2015 ttusnfln tasgiwin n tmazirt aylliɣ skrn gisnt sin d mraw n tsgiwin ad tnt igan :
- 1. Tasga n Ṭanja-Tiṭwan-Lḥusima
- 2. Tasga n Agmuḍ
- 3. Tasga n Fas-Mknas
- 4. Tasga n Rrbaṭ-Sla-Lqnḍrt
- 5. Tasga n Tigmmi Tumlilt-Sṭṭat
- 6. Tasga n Bni Mllal-Xnifra
- 7. Tasga n Mrrakc-Asfi
- 8. Tasga n Dṛɛa-Tafilalt
- 9. Tasga n Sus-Massa
- 10. Tasga n Glmim-Asif Nun
- 11. Tasga n Lɛyun-Tala Tazggaɣt
- 12. Tasga n Ddaxla-Asif n Wurɣ
Timdinin mqqurninsnfl
Llan ɣ tmazirt n Lmɣrib kigan n timdinin d iɣrman zun d ukan akk tmizar n umaḍal. Ilin kra n 70 tmdinin nna ɣ illa uggar n 50 000 umzdaɣ, talli akk gisn imqqurn tga tt tiɣrmt n Tigmmi tumlilt s yan uṭṭun imzdaɣ iqrbn ukan aylkm 4 imlyunen n middn.
Ar aɣ immal uɣawas ad lli illan ddaw as mraw timdinin lli akk imqqurn ɣ tmazirt d mnck n imzdaɣ ad gisnt illant.
Tarakaltsnfl
Lmɣrib iga yat tmazirt lli ɣ illa ttanawuɛ bahra imqqurn ɣ ammas n imuɣliyn nns, ar gis nntafa kraygat anaw n ugama, zun d : idrarn, izaɣarn, tanrẓuft ...
Iwala Lmɣrib i tmizar lli iṭṭafn wakal izdin d yill aṭlasi, izf n uftas nns igatt Ixf n Spartil, lli illan ɣ ugafa n tmazirt, ɣ tsga yaḍn n wakal ar nttafa Djabal Ṭariq, ɣ yixf ad nit aɣ itbdu yill agrakal. Ɣ iffus akk d iffus agmuḍan ar nttafa tanrẓuft tamɣrabit. Ɣ tuẓẓumt n tmazirt llan gis idrarn d izaɣarn.
Iṭṭaf Lmɣrib iwtta nns ɣ ugafa d yill agrakal, ɣ iffus Muriṭanya, ɣ ugmuḍ tamazirt n Dzayer, ɣ utaram iḥudda-ttid yill Aṭalanti. Tmazirt ad tumẓ yat tjumma n 710.850 km². Tmaẓunt nns iga-tt Rrbaṭ, d timdinin nns imqqurn gan-tn Fas, Mrrakc, Sla, Mknas, Agadir, Asfi, Ṭanja, Tiṭṭawn, Wujda, Lɛyun, Lḥusima, Bni Mllal, Lqnḍrt, Warzazat d Ddaxla.
Anzwisnfl
Anzwi n tmazirt n Lmɣrib ur igi yan, kraygat tsga ɣ tmazirt ad dars yan unzwi ur irwasn tasgiwin yaḍnin, ar nttafa anzwi anammasan (amutawaṣṣiṭi) ɣ ugafa n tmazirt, anzwi amuḥiṭi ɣ utaram, d unzwi anrẓufan (aṣḥrawi) ɣ iffus. Idɣarn nna ɣ illa yill gisn yan unzwi iɛdln izuzwan. Azgn n ugafa ar gis zrayn sin wannazn: annaz iɣurn (iqqurn) ar ittack ɣ gr ayyur wis-smmus d wis-tẓa n usggʷas, d wannaz lliɣ ar ittili unẓar ar ittack ɣ gr wayyur wis-mraw d wis-kkuẓ. Amma iffus n tmazirt illa gis yan unzwi igan aṣḥrawi iqqurn iḥman zun d kamit. Ar itettar unzwi n tmazirt s yat tumant tamaḍut tga tt ma mu nttini argigi n ugafa aṭlasi. Tumant ad ar tettḥkkam ɣ unẓar d udfl lli-d ittackan s Lmɣrib zɣ tsga n yill aṭlasi.
Idrarnsnfl
Uggar n tulutayn n tmazirt n Lmɣrib gis ɣar idrarn, ar tlkkm tiɣzi n kra n idrarn n tmazirt ad uggar n 4000 m ɣ iggi yill. Adrar n Tubqal ay-gan yixf n idrarn ad d nttan ad akk gisn iɣzzifn, tlkn tiɣzi nns 4167 m. Lmɣrib iga tmazirt waḥdat ɣ tmazɣa aɣ llan salasil n idrarn ikmmln ad t igan idrarn n waṭlas lli nẓḍar ad nbḍu idrarn ad s kraḍ n trabbutin: Aṭlas mẓẓiyn, aṭlas mqqurn d aṭlas anammas. Ad ur nttu ula idrarn n rrif lli llan ɣ ugafa n tmazirt, adrar lli akk gisn iɣzifn igatt adrar n Tidɣin s yat tiɣzi n 2456 m.
Idrarn n waṭlassnfl
Idrarn n Waṭlas gan yat trabbut imqqurn n idrarn illan ɣ tfriqt n ugafa. Idrarn ad umẓn zɣ iffus utrim n Lmɣrib ar ugafa n Tuns. Gisn ar nttafa udrar n Tubqal lli igan adrar akkʷ iɣzzifn ɣ ammas n tmazɣa s yat tiɣzi ilkmn uggar n 4000m.
Ɣ Lmɣrib, nẓḍar ad nbḍu idrarn ad s kraḍ n trabbutin, ar nttafa :
Aṭlas mẓẓiynsnfl
Idrarn n waṭlas mẓẓiyn ɣʷin yat tjumma imqqurn ɣ wakal n iffus n tmazirt zɣ yill aṭlasi ɣ iffus utaram ar iffus agmuḍan iɣ akk tzrit tasgiwin n Warzazat tlkmt tiɣrmt n Tafilalt (tumẓ ɣin tqriban kra n 500km n uzaru). Ɣ iffus dars iwtta d tnrẓuft (ṣṣḥra). Adrar lli akk illan ɣ ugmuḍ n idrarn ad iga tt adrar n Saɣru, d iṭṭaf iwtta ɣ ugafa d idrarn n waṭlas mqqurn. Afa n idrarn ad iga tt adrar n Sirwa lli yadli igan yan uburkan, tlkm tiɣzi nns 3304 m.
Aṭlas mqqurnsnfl
Idrarn n waṭlas mqqurn nɣd Adrar n Drn gan idraren li kullu imqqurn ɣ tmazirt n umrruk. Iga Tubqal ixf n idrarn ad, nttan a-kullu gisn iɣzifen , yili ɣ tiɣzi n 4167 m. Idrarn ad bḍun Amrruk fsnat tsgiwin mqqurnin, yat bahra irɣan tḥbu fllas azazwu d yat ifan udm ns i yill ɣayn af tfulki bahra ɣ uzazwu nns.
Ar ttini kra n middn i idraran ad Adrar n Drn acku nttni ad yakkan tudrt i izaɣarn d igmmaḍn d kullu ikaliwn n tmazirt n umrruk acku nttni ad tkkan waman lli-f tbidd tudert n kraygat targant wala imuidar.
Adrar n Tubqal iga yan udrar illan ɣ ammas n idraren n waṭlas mqquṛn. Nettan ad akkʷ ittawssan nger idraren n lmɣrib acku nttat ad akk gisn iɣzzif, tiɣzi nns tugr 4000m. Adrar n tubqal assaɣ ns aẓuṛan iga tt tugga akal s tmaziɣt iga adrar i kullu yattuyn ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n tafṛiqt d wiss sin ɣ tfṛiqt ffir n udrar n kilimangaru. d illa ɣ tizult n aṭlas amqqran, ɣ tmazirt n umur n wakuc (lmɣrib) yaggug-nn s 63 km f tɣrmt n mrrakc, d ar tlkkm tattuyt ns ar 4167 mitru.
Aṭlas anammassnfl
Idrarn n rrifsnfl
Izaɣarnsnfl
Isaffnsnfl
Aftassnfl
ibḍa uftas amṛṛukiy f sin, f yill agrakal d ugaraw aṭlantiy.
Taɣarinsnfl
Amunsnfl
Tutlayinsnfl
Zɣ mad ittini udustur lli-d iffuɣ ɣ usggʷas n 2011, ar nttafa mas gant tutlayt taɛrabt d tutlayt tamaziɣt tanawayt tutlayin tunṣibin n tmazirt n Lmɣrib. Tantala nna bahra ittuysawaln dar imɣrabiyn tga-tt darija nɣ ma mu nttini taɛrabt tamɣrabit. Iɣ nucka ad nẓr usiḍn lli ittyuskar s ifassn n tasmirit tamattayt n usɣiws[12] rad naf mas 91.6% n imɣrabiyn ssn i yat zɣ tantliwin n tutlayt taɛrabt (90.8% ssn i darija, 0.8 ssn i lḥssanya) d mas 26% ssn i yat zɣ tutlayin timaziɣin (14,7% ssn i tclḥit, 7,9% ssn i tamaziɣt n waṭlas anammas d 4% ssn i trifit), mac tuggt n middn ckkan f usiḍn ad is nit iṣḥa nɣd iskrkisn ka aynna, d tuggt nnsn nnan mas uṭṭun n willi sawalnin s tmaziɣt idrus bzaf f ɣaylli nit illan ɣ lwaqiɛ d mas uṭṭun n imsawaln n tutlayin timaziɣin izḍar ad akk yugr 50% n imzdaɣ[13][14].
Tuggt n willi sawalnin s tutlayin timaziɣin ar sawaln ula s darija, ɣayad acku ɣ yan uzmz tkka-tt-inn tlfaza d lmidya ar tzzray kullu isuyas nnsn s darija d ur jju d zrin kra s kra n tutlayt tamaziɣt, mayad yujja kigan n middn ad akk ttun tutlayt nnsn tamaziɣt ar sawaln ɣar s darija.
Tkka-tt-inn tmazirt n Lmɣrib ɣ yan uzmz ur bahra yaggugn ddu ufus n Fransa d Ṣbanya, mayad yujja tutlayt tafransist d taṣbnyulit ad kcmn s tmazirt. Tkka-tt-inn tutlayt tafransist ɣ yan uzmz tga tutlayt tunṣibt, mac ɣila mqqar urt sul tgi, ar ka sul aqran imɣrabiyn tutlayt ad ɣ ammas n tinmal., tga ɣila tafransist tutlayt tabrranit tamzwarut ɣ tmazirt d nttat as bahra swurrin imɣrabin ɣ akk igran n tudrt nnsn slawan akk ɣ kullu mad izdin d twuri d tadamsa. Tlla ula tutlayt taṣbnyulit nna s isawal tqriban kra n 2 id mlyun n imɣrabiyn slawan ɣ ugafa n tmazirt. Tili tutlayt tanglizt ula nttat tntacr bahra ɣ isggwasn ad ggranin slawan dar iɛrrimn.
Middnsnfl
Uṭṭun n imzdaɣ n tmazirt n Lmɣrib ɣila iga tt 36.5 imlyunen n middn. S yat zyada n 1.26% kraygat usggʷas. Uggar n 100.000 ibrraniyn zdɣn ɣ tmazirt ad, aɣlabya nnsn gan iṣbnyuliyn nɣ ifransawiyn umẓn latrit nnsn nɣ gan zɣ willi txdamn ɣ timssurin tigraɣlatin. Asɣl ad n zyada inaqsd ukan yan imik ɣ isggwasn n gr 1971 d 1982, lliɣ gis tlkm 2.5%.
Ɣ isggwasn ad ggranin ar nttafa ula isuqqiyn llid ikkan iffus n tnrẓuft ɣ akk timdinin mqqurnin n tmazirt.
Ar aɣ mmaln tiɣuriwin timaynutn mas uṭṭun imqqurn n iɛrabn d imaziɣn lli ar ntfrraq gratsn s tutlayt ur tn bahra naḥya ɣ mad izdin d tanfalit tawiratit nnsn. Tiɣuriwin ad mlant aɣ mas tamhlt n usɛrrb lli ijran ɣ ammas n tmazirt txdm mzyan. Ahablugrub-Y iga yan ukrumuzum ar itdda zɣ babas i warraw nns bla ad gis ijru kra n usnfl iɣrfan s iɣrfan. Tiɣuriwin lli ittuyskarnin f imɣrabiyn tmla aɣ mas 81.7% nnsn walan i uhablugrub E (iggut bahra dar imaziɣn)[15] d gisn nit 72.6% walan i uhablugrub E1b1b[16], swa ɣ idɣarn nna ɣ ttuysawal tɛrabt wala ɣilli ɣ ttuysawal tamaziɣt[17][18].
D yan uṭṭun idrusn n middn walan i uhablugrub J (lli bahra iggutn dar imzdaɣ n ugmuḍ anammas).
Isgdansnfl
Uṭṭun imqqurn n imzdaɣ n tmazirt n Lmɣrib gan imuslmn, d nttan ay-gan asgd n tmazirt, d ula udustur n 2011 innat, d inna ula mas illa uzrf dar kraygat yan ad yamn s kraygat usgd iratt. Ɣ usnmkta n tmazirt ar gis ttinin mas 99% n ugdud iga amuslm, d 1% ann lli iɣaman gis insraniyn d udayn ...
Tiɣuriwin d isiḍnn lli ur gin imaddudn ar ttinin mas gr 85 d 90% zḍarn ad gin mutadayin. Isiḍnn ad ttuyskarn f ifḍan n imɣrabiyn tufa mas gr 3-14% zɣ willi d irarn nnan is ur gin mutadayinin, d 1% nnan akk is gan warasgdiyin (mulḥidin). Asiḍn n usggʷas n 2020 inna mas uṭṭun n warasgdiyin imqqur-d s kraṭ twal d mas aɣlabya nnsn gan iɛrrimn, d mas usɣl nnsn ilkmd 15% n imɣrabiyn.
Tadamsasnfl
Tawurisnfl
Tamgurisnfl
Tafllaḥtsnfl
Iqdduḥnsnfl
Taẓḍaṛtsnfl
Tamallaytsnfl
Tga tamdint tamṛṛukit tamzwarut lli baḥra d ittawin imallayn. ɣ usggas n 2008, Mṛṛakc dar yan uẓdar n ussns (hébergement) igaddan d 44 394 lkatri lgddam n Ugadir Agadir lli ddar illa 28 605 lkatri d Tigmmi tumlilt s 12 762 n lkatri. Ig umṛṛuk ɣaṣṣaḍ wisssin ɣ timizar ntmallayt ɣ ifriqya.
ɣid maymmalan tiskfal n ussns s lkatri n timdayyin n umṛṛuk ɣ usggas n 2008:[19]
Tadlsasnfl
Tifugliwin tinamurinsnfl
Ddaw as llan akk tfugliwin tinamurin d tisgdanin n tmazirt n Lmɣrib[20]:
Idɣarn n Yuniskusnfl
Llan ɣ tmazirt n Lmɣrib tẓa idɣarn ikcmn ɣ ammas n tmaddast n Yunisku n aydatn igraɣlann ɣ ussinew adlsan. Walli akk izwarn ikka-tt-inn ɣ usggʷas n 1981, d walli iggran ɣ usggʷas n 2012. Idɣarn ad ɣwid ad tnt igan s trtib n ukccum nnsn[21] :
- Tamdint taqburt n Fas (1981)
- Tamdint taqburt n Mrrakc (1985)
- Iɣrm n Ayt Bn Ḥddu (1987)
- Tamdint taqburt n Mknas (1996)
- Tamdint taqburt n Tiṭṭawn (1997)
- Ansa Arkyuluji n Walili (1997)
- Tamdint taqburt n Taṣṣurt (2001)
- Tamdint tabrṭqizt n Mazagan (2004)
- Tamdint n Rrbaṭ (2012)
Ilin kra n idɣarn yaḍni isrstn Lmɣrib d willi ran gisn ad kcmn ula nttni ɣ ammas n idɣarn ad n Yunisku:
- Mulay Dris Zahrun (1995)
- Tamdint n Taza d Jamɛ Lkbir (1995)
- Timzgida n Tinml (1995)
- Tamdint n Liksus (1995)
- Lkur (1995)
- Tantut n Tafuɣalt (1995)
- Agdal n Ṭlasmṭan (1995)
- Ansa n Ajkal (1998)
- Aglmam n Xnifs (1998)
- Adgal n Ddaxla (1998)
- Amda n Figig (2011)
- Ddarbiḍa (2013)
- Trabbut n imdwn Tiɣmrt (2016)
- Ansa aṣḥrawi n Asif n Nun (2016)
Tiwlafin fulkinin n tmazirtsnfl
Adfl ɣ ammas n tiɣrmt n Ifran ɣ idrarn n Waṭlas anammas.
Asmḍl n Mohammed V ɣ Rrbat.
Amur n Hassan ɣ Rrbat.
Bab Bujlud ɣ Fas.
Ixban n tiɣrmt n Walili.
Taɣart n yill agrakal ɣ Lḥusima.
Iɣrm agldan ɣ Tiṭwan.
Amrdul n Mrzuga.
Mnara n Mrrakc.
Agdal n Tigmmi Tumlilt.
Timzgida n Kutubiya.
Adrar n Tubqal.
Idrarn n Arrif.
Yat tsukt ɣ Ccawn.
lagune n Daxla.
Izdayn ittawiyn s mani yaḍnsnfl
https://www.lexilogos.com/maroc_carte.htm
- http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/moroccof.pdf takrḍa n UN ɣ 2005.
Iɣbulasnfl
- ↑ http://www.rgph2014.hcp.ma/Note-sur-les-premiers-resultats-du-Recensement-General-de-la-Population-et-de-l-Habitat-2014_a369.html
- ↑ http://knoema.com/atlas/Morocco/GDP-PPP-based
- ↑ http://knoema.com/atlas/Morocco/GDP-per-capita-PPP-based
- ↑ http://knoema.com/atlas/Morocco/GDP
- ↑ http://knoema.com/atlas/Morocco/GDP-per-capita
- ↑ http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/
- ↑ http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2016_statistical_annex.pdf
- ↑ Tqdirat n uṭṭun n imzdaɣ n tmazirt n Lmɣrib - Knoema.fr
- ↑ Adustur n 2011 Ar yaqra udustur n 2011 tamunt ad s yism n Tamunt n Lmɣrib Mqqurn
- ↑ Isti bab n waddur mass ɛaziz axnuc ad ig anssixf n tnbaḍt ismglt s tugi n tnbaḍt tamaynut - MAP Amaziɣ
- ↑ Smith TM, Tafforeau P, Reid DJ, etal, Earliest evidence of modern human life history in North African early Homo sapiens, journal of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, volume:104, issue:15, pages:6128–33, date:April 2007, pmid:17372199, pmc:1828706 |doi:10.1073/pnas.0700747104, bibcode:2007PNAS..104.6128S }}
- ↑ Tasmirit tamattayt n usɣiws - rgphentableaux.hcp.ma
- ↑ Aljazera - جدل بالمغرب بشأن عدد الناطقين بالأمازيغية
- ↑ Lakome2.com - جمعيات أمازيغية تطالب بالكشف عن "العدد الحقيقي" للناطقين بالأمازيغية في المغرب
- ↑ http://hpgl.stanford.edu 2012-04-14
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20120414212524/http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2004_v74_p1023-1034.pdf E1b1b gant: M78 d M81
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20120414212524/http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2004_v74_p1023-1034.pdf
- ↑ Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East
- ↑ :: Royaume du Maroc : Administration du Tourisme
- ↑ Emploi.gov.ma/docs/153200652832PM.doc - Tifugliwin n tmazirt
- ↑ Idɣarn n Yunisku - Tamazirt n Lmɣrib
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text:
Ijj n tseḍma n imerzuten d tamaḍlant, di tesdawit n Kaiserslautern Talimant i di xeddmen ca n imussnawen zeg Uliman, Izrayil, Iṭaliya d Umarikan. Ggin ijjen usurif d ameqqran ḥma ad afen ca n usafar i uxenzir : Ufin ijjen tneqqiḍt n weḍɛac (point faible) aqqa-tt di merra tisulal (cellules) n uxenzir (kunsir). Taneqqiḍt-nni nettat d xminni tteḥwajant tisulal n uxenzir i upruṭin ḥima ad msarawent. Malla wer ufint bu apruṭin, xenni ataf ad mmtent.
Lexbar-a yus-d deg ijjen usiweḍ teggi-t-id tasdawit-a Talimant, ksin-t-id x-as ijurnalen itterran taynit n tezmert, zzag-s ajurnal alikṭruni Heilpraxisnet.de d Scinexx. Tisulal iseḥḥen dag-sent ca n 46 n ukruzum, mani tisulal n uxenzir dag-s zi 60 ar 90 n ukruzum. D manaya i yettejjan yehwen ad nessen man ikruzumen ihelken.
Awerni ijjen tarezzut d tazegrart, yeḍhar-d ila aprutin n KIF18A uɣil zzag-s ḥuma ad msarawent tisulal-a. Xenni mala ufin ca n tebridt i zi zemmren ad feryen apruṭin-a ataf xennni tisulal n uxenzir ad mmtent. Maca waxxa amenni, ɛad din ijjen webrid d azegrar n trezzut deg yiger-a. Kṭer zi manaya, ixess ad ssnen mamec ɣa ggen ad ssehwan manayenni i ɣa wwḍen imerzuten-a di tidet.
« Ar lux ɛad wer nufi mamec ɣa negg ad nefri zeg upruṭin n KIF18A. D amezwaru qaɛ ixess-aneɣ ad nelmed mamec ixeddem upruṭin-a maḥend ad neṭewwer zi ca n umikanizem i zi ɣa nsug x upruṭin-a niɣ x uparasyu i ɣer-s iqqnen. D manaya min xef ɣa nexdem deg yimal ». D manaya i tenna Susanna Sturtcuva, icten zeg imrezzuten i yellan di tesdawit n Kaiserslautern.


text:
Leqeidet-nneɣ mecmi nttuc a netter ṭṭyab[1]
Wami dd-yusa unẓar qbala, ad ffɣent temɣarin d tebriɣin d iḥermucen d yergazen…
Ttawin yergazen ijj n ufunas al ijjen umrabeḍ qqaren-as ccix, ɣerrsen din i ufunas, ttettren llṭef din. Irgazen qqaren:
« U lṭef bina u ddenya teereq bina! »
Timɣarin d tebriɣin qqarent:
« Rebbi ṭayeb xaf-neɣ »
A dd-teffeɣ ijjen twessart, ad traḥ a dd-tawi ijjen tsegnit a tt-tarqez g yijjen unnar d aqdim ur isserwit ḥedd imendi dini, ɣir midden imezgura ssarewten deg-s imendi. Tawessart-nn teqqar tijemein necnin timeẓẓyanin ur tent-nessin.
[1] Teawed-as-tt i S.Biarnay, Sufya yelli-s n Mmuḥ abeqqiw. di Ṭanja asegg°as n 1909.
Yura-tt Samuel Biarnay; « Étude sur les dialectes berbères du Rif: lexique, textes et notes de phonétique« , 1917.
Yessufeɣ-itt-idd, iɛawed-as tira: Ɛebdelwaḥed ḤENNU