text:
D acu i d iminig web?
Iminig web yettawi-k anda tebɣiḍ deg internet, yettaǧǧa-k ad twaliḍ iḍrisen, tugniwin akked tvidyutin seg yal adeg deg umaḍal.
Web d afecku wessiɛen, iǧehden. D iseggasen aya tura, internet tbeddel aṭas udem i tudert-nneɣ ama deg uxeddim, ama deg wurar ula deg wassaɣen gar yimdanen. S wudem-agi swayes tettwaseqdac tettcuddu gar yiɣlanen, tsermad ssuq, txelleq-d assaɣen, tsenkar asnulfu deg yimal, d tamasyat daɣen ɣef waṭas n umɛaned deg wayen ur neẓri sani ad aɣ-yawi.
D axatar dakken yal yiwen ad yezmer ad ikcem ɣer web, maca ilaq daɣen meṛṛa-nneɣ ad negzu ifecka i nesseqdac akken ad nekcem ɣur-s. Nesseqdac iminigen am Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge d Apple Safari yal ass, maca negza d acu-ten d wamek tteddun? Deg wakud wezzilen, nɛedda-d seg usewhem n tezmert n tuzna n yimayl i ḥedd deg umaḍal ɣer ubeddel n tmuɣli-nneɣ ɣef wayen yerzan talɣut. Dayen mačči d tamsalt n wacḥal i tessneḍ, maca d tamsalt n wayen i yezmer yminig neɣ asnas ad ak-yawi tulɣut-nni s tɣawla ugar.
Amek i yetteddu yiminig?
Iminig n web ad ak-yawi sani tebɣiḍ deg internet. Yettarra-d talɣut n yiḥricen-nniḍen n Web syen yeskanay-itt-id ɣef tnarit-inek d yibenk-inek aziraz. Talɣut tettwazen s tallalt n uneggaf n tuzzna n waflaḍris i d-yemmalen amek aḍris, tugniwin d tvidyutin i ttwaznen ɣef web. Talɣut-a ilaq ad tettwabḍu, ad tettwasken deg yiwen umasal anmeẓẓal akken imdanen iseqdacen n yiminigen-nniḍen , deg umaḍal ad izmiren ad tt-walin.
Nesḥassef, imfarsen n yiminigen mačči kifkif akk i ferrnen asegzi n umsala. I yiseqdacen, ayagi yebɣa ad d-yini asmel n web yezmer ad d-ibin yerna ad iddu akken-nniḍen. Asnulfu n tenmeẓla gar yiminigen, akken yal aseqdac ad yizmir ad ifaṛes seg Internet ɣef yal iminig ara yefren, iwumi qqaren illugan n web
Mi ara d-yerr yiminig web isefka seg uqeddac yeqqnen ɣer internet syen ad iseqdec aḥric seg useɣzan iwumi qqaren amsadday n tuɣalin akken ad yerr isafka-a d aḍris neɣ d tugniwin. Isefka-a ttwarun ɣef Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), iminigen n web qqaren tangalt-a akken ad d-suffɣen ayen nettwali, nsell d termit-nneɣ deg internet.
Afliseɣzan sirigen i yiseqdacen ad ḍefren yiwen abrid ɣer yisebtar-nniḍen d yismal ɣef web. Yal asebter n web, tugna neɣ tabidyut ɣur-sUniform Resource Locator (URL) ines weḥd-s, qqaren-as daɣen tansa n web. Mi ara yerzu yiminig ɣer yiwen uqeddac ɣef yisefka, tansa n web temmal-d i yiminig anida ara inadi yal aferdis yettwagelmen deg html, syen ad as-temmel sani ara yerzu deg usebter n web.
Inagan n tuqqna (mačči anaw aẓidan)
Ismal n web seklasen talɣut fell-ak deg ufaylu iwumi qqaren inagan n tuqqna. Ttwaskelsen deg uselkim-inek i tirza i d-iteddun ɣer usmel-nni. Mi ara d-tuɣaleḍ, tangalt n usmel web ad d-tɣer afaylu-nni akken ad tẓer d kečč. D amedya, mi ara terzuḍ ɣer usmel-nni web, asebter tecfa-d i yisem n useqdac-inek d wawal uffir, ayagi yella-d s yinigi n tuqqna.
Llan daɣen yinagan n tuqqna yesseklasen talɣut s ttfaṣil fell-ak. Ahat ayen tḥemmleḍ, tannumi-inek n tunigin deg web, rtg. Anamek n waya, asmel yezmer ad ak-d-yefk agbur i ak-iwatan swaswa – di tuget s talɣa n udellel. Llan wanwan n yinagan n tuqqna, qqaren-asen inagan n tuqqna wis kraḍ, i d-yekkan seg yismal wuɣur urǧin terziḍ uqbel, ad ak-ṭṭefaren seg usmel ɣer wayeḍ akken ad leqqḍen talɣut fell-ak, ara snuzun tikwal i tkebbaniyin-nniḍen. Tikwal tzemreḍ ad tesweḥleḍ inagan-agi n tuqqna, maca mačči akk iminigen qebblen aya.
Tigzi n tbaḍnit
Tuget n yiminigen igejdanen sɛan iɣewwaren n tunigin tusligt. Ayagi i tuffra n uzray n tunigin n yiseqdacen-nniḍen ɣef yiwen n uselkim. Aṭas n yimdanen i iɣilen tunigin tusligt neɣ askar n tunigin tusligt teffren ɣef tikkelt timagit-nsen d uzray n tunigin ɣef yisaǧǧawen n tnafa n internet, ɣef wid iḥekkmen d wid ixeddmen adellel. Mačči akka i yella lḥal. Iɣewwaren-agi tekksen kan azray seg unagraw-inek, d ayen yelhan ma yella tseqdaceḍ talɣut tudmawant tabaḍnit ɣef uselkim i seqdacen wiyaḍ neɣ ɣef uselkim azayaz. Firefox iɛedda akk i waya.
Firefox ad ak-iɛawen ad tiliḍ d uslig ugar deg uẓeṭṭa s tuǧǧit-ik ad tesweḥleḍ ineḍfaren seg uḍfar-ik deg web.
Tiririt n yiminig-ik web ad ixeddem fell-ak
Tugget n yiminigen web igejdanen ttaǧǧan iseqdacen ad sniflen tarmit-nsen s yisiɣzaf d yizegrar. Isiɣzaf d iseɣẓanen i tzemreḍ ad ternuḍ i yiminig-ik akken ad t-tsagneḍ neɣ ad ternuḍ timahilin. Isiɣzaf zemren ad gen akk anawen n tɣawsiwin i yesnecraḥen d tid i ilaqen am urmad n tmahilin timaynutin, imawalen n tutlayin tijenṭaḍin neɣ irwas imwalanen d yisental.
Imfarsen akk n yiminigen snernayen ifarisen-nsen akken ad d-seknen tugniwin d tbidyutin s lemɣawla d sshala ugar. Ayen ara ak-yeǧǧen ad d-tesfaydiḍ ugar seg web. Xeddmen akk ayen yellan fell-asen akken ad ḍemnen i yiseqdacen iminig arurad, iǧehden rnu isehen i useqdec. Yelha aṭas ad tferneḍ iminig ifazen i yiman-ik. Mozilla tebna Firefox akken ad teḍmen i yiseqdacen aqader n tudert-nsen deg uskar uqqin, akken daɣen ad teḍmen internet d aɣbalu azayez amaḍlan, d uffran i yal yiwen.


c: text/html

text:
Sus
Hann tasna n adɣar amzray d tamazirt n Sus ad tga xta ! Amma tasna isawaln f tasga n Sus-Masst lli igan yat zɣ tsgiwin n Lmɣrib hat xtad ad-t igan.
Tga Tamazirt n Sus (s tfinaɣ: ⵙⵓⵙ, s taɛrabt: سوس, s tfransist: Souss) yat tasga bahra istawhman ɣ tgldit n Lmɣrib, slawan akkʷ s umzruy, tadlsa d tarakalt nns, tbḍa f snat tsgiwin Sus-Masst d Glmim-Asif Nun. Ayt sus gan iclḥiyn ar sawaln tutlayt taclḥit. Tettussan tasga ad bahra s taddagt n wargan lli gis illan d ur illin ɣ tta mani yaḍn. Tg ula udɣar nna ɣ bdan imbraṭuryat mqqurnin zun d Imrabḍn, Imwaḥḥidn, Isɛdiyn d ula tagldit n Taẓrwalt.
Tga Sus yat tsga nna ɣ tlla lfilaḥa iggutn, ilin gis tugt n carikat, tettussan s tamallayt ɣ tgldit n Lmɣrib. Tamaẓunt nns tga-tt tmdint n Ugadir, tg tamdint lli akkʷ gis imqqurn d nttat ad yusin tadamsa n tmazirt n Sus. Ilin daɣ timdinin yaḍnin zun d Tiznit, Tarudant, Ayt Mllul, Inzggan, Ayt Baha, Byugra, Tafrawt, Ifni, Ṭaṭa ...
Tarakalt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Sus tga yat tmazirt nɣ tsga illan ɣ unẓul utrim n tgldit n Lmɣrib. Tg tasga nna ɣ illa uṭṭun akkʷ imqqurn n imsawaln s tutlayin timaziɣin ɣ tgldit. Tutlayt nnsn tga taclḥit.
Ɣ tmazirt ad ar nttafa idrarn n waṭlas mqqurn ɣ ugafa nns d idrarn n waṭlas mẓẓiyn ɣ tuẓẓumt nns. Adrar lli akkʷ gis imqqurn iga tt adrar n Sirwa lli illan gr aṭlas mqqurn d way mẓẓiyn. Ar tlkkm tiɣzi nns uggar n 3 304 m. Ar gis zrayn yan wasif bahra ittussan att igan Asif n Sus.
Timdinin nns imqqurn gan-tn Tiznit, Tarudant, Ayt Mllul, Inzggan, Ayt Baha, Byugra, Tafrawt, Ifni, Ṭaṭa, Wlad tayma, Bizakarn, Masst, Taliwin ... Tg Agadir tamaẓunt nns
Iwtta imzrayn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ar ttglamn id bu umzruy n uzmz amuslm Sus mas tga Tamazirt n Igizuln, nẓḍaṛ ad nini mas fkan i udɣar arakal yat taskta tanfgant, mayad isnamk mas d Sus tga tamazirt n Igizuln.[1] Isnml Ɛabdlwaḥd Almuṛṛakuci tamazirt n Sus ḍaṛt ma f isawl f Mṛṛakc, inna: « Mṛṛakc ad akkʷ iggʷran ɣ tmdinin mqqurnin n Lmɣrib nna gis ittussann, d ur tlli kra n tmdint yaḍn ḍaṛat nns ittubdarn nna ɣ rad tili tɣrma, abla kra n tmdinin mẓẓinin ɣ Sus Al Aqṣa. Tlla yat tmdint mẓẓin ism as Tarudant, nna igan tamaẓunt n Sus, d nna ɣ ttmunan imzdaɣn nns (imzdaɣn n Sus zɛma) d yat tmdint mẓẓin ism as Zujundar, nna illan ɣ iggi n uẓṛf, tettuzdaɣ zdar willi swurrin ɣ usufɣ n ma illan ɣ uzara ann, amma ɣ tmazirt n Igizuln, yat tmdint igan tamaẓunt nnsn tga s yism Lkest. Ɣ tmazirt n Lmṭa, yat tmdint yaḍn ism as ɣd nttat Lmṭa, timdinin ad llant ḍaṛat n Mṛṛakc, s ma iẓlin s Tarudant d Zujundar, kcmɣ sisnt d ssnɣ tnt, is akkʷ sul ssnɣ inmudda d itjjarn d wiyyaḍ, slawant akkʷ tmdint n yizaran ittussann ddu yism n Zujundar, amma tmdint n Igizuln d tin Lmṭa, middn n idɣarn ann ka d tnt ittkkan. »[2]
Timdinin mẓẓinin ittubdarn zdar Almuṛṛakuci zɣ Tarudant ar Lmṭa ttussann ɣassa ddu yism n Sus, acku inna : « Timdinin timẓyanin n Sus Al Aqṣa, ɣ tilawt, Al Yaɛqubi ɣ tasut tiss IX iskr ɣ Sus Al Aqṣa d tamdint zun d ukan tmdinin n Tamdult d Masst. Kkant tt inn tmdinin ad zɣ tmdinin tixatarin n Sus. Nniɣ: Amma Tamdult, ur sul tsul ɣassa, d Masst nttat tsul da ttimɣur. Dɣya siɣ isbuɣla Al Yaɛqubi tannayt nns inna: " d Sus tlla ɣ ḍaṛat n udrar n Drn, ad t igan d Waṭlas Mqqurn, d ar itthyyu ɣ Nul Lmṭa ɣ d ttbddu tmnaḍt taṣḥrawit ».[3][4] Ayad irwas tannayt n Al Bakri ɣ tasut tiss XI, lli ittglamn Sus s tmnaḍt illan ḍaṛat n udrar n Drn bac ad thyyu ɣ Nul Lmṭa, nna ɣ tbddu tnzruft.[3]
Ibn Xaldun ntta ar ittglam Sus Al Aqṣa am kullu ma illan ḍaṛat n Mṛṛakc, nna ɣ tlla Trudant d Ifran d ar tthyyu ɣ ugmmuḍ ɣ unafar n Dṛɛa, ar gis izray asif n Sus ar yill.[5] Asnml ad ad bahra nttafa ɣ uzmz n imariniyn am adɣar n twalit n irgayn, Imariniyn nttni yadlli bḍan Lmɣrib f smmust tmnaḍin n twalit n irgayn. Tawalit ad ad nttafa ula ɣ uzmz asɛdi. Sin isugam ad ittsddidn i usnml ad; amzwaru iga t Aglam n Tfriqt, nna ɣ ittinni bab nns Ḥasan Al Wazzan: « Rad salaɣ ɣilad tasga n Sus, lli illan ḍaṛat n Waṭlas, ɣ iffus, mnid n tmazirt n Iḥaḥan, ifttun ɣ tagut zɣ yill, d itthyyun ɣ iffus ɣ umlal n tnzruft, ɣ iẓẓlmḍ llan idrarn n Waṭlas. Ɣ ugmmuḍ, ar uɣbalu n wasif n Sus, nna ɣ d tiwi tsga ad ism nns »[6]. S ma iẓlin s usagm wiss sin: Asggaz n twalit n irgayn n Aḥmad Almanṣur Addahbi, ittussann ddu yism n « Diwan n tqbilin n Sus »[7], ar gis nttafa ismawn n tqbilin tisusiyin ittussan ɣ uzmz ann. Ittusmras ism n "Sus" bac ad sis snamkn adɣar ittusnmln s isugam nna nbdr zɣ tuddma n uzmz aɛalawi ar ɣassa, ad t igan d udɣar illan ḍaṛat n Waṭlas Mqqurn ɣ iffus ar tnzruft d zɣ yill aṭlanti ar asif n Dṛɛa ɣ ugmmuḍ.
Ɣ udlis n Sus Al Ɛalima n bab nns Muḥmmad Lmuxtar Asusi, ar ittsnml Sus ɣmk ad: « [...] Ar nttɛni s Sus aylli illan gr waddarn n iffus n Drn ar tnzruft, zɣ Wad Nun d tqbilin nns Tkna d Rakaybat d wiyyaḍ ar tsgiwin n Ṭaṭa d Sktana. »[8]
Amzruy[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Yan ccarij nna ɣ llan kigan d waman ad iskrn ɣ Sus yat zɣ tsgiwin lli akkʷ iblsn ɣ tgldit n Lmɣrib tasutin f tasutin ayad. Ittussan ɣ mad idrusn zɣ tasut tis-yan d mraw s tadlsa nns d usifḍ n sskkar. Azmz n wurɣ n tmazirt n Sus tlla ɣ jwayh n tasut tis-sa d mraw ɣ uzmz n tagldit n Taẓrwalt, tkka-tt-inn ɣ uzmz ann tga tmazirt n Sus yat tmazirt istaqlan s yixf nns d tstaɣlla ɣ-akud-ann tasbbabt n wassay aṣḥrawi n wurɣ d uznz n sskkar i isbbabn ibrṭqqizn, ihulanḍiyn d inglizn. Ammas n tsbbabt n bṛṛa ɣ-akud-ann ikka-tt-inn ɣ Ugadir, yat tamdint illan ɣ iggi wasif n sus s kra n 10 id kilomitr[9].
Tutlayt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ar sawaln isusiyn s taclḥit lli igan yat tutlayt tamaziɣt illan ɣ tamazirt n lmɣrib, middn li sis isawaln gan Iclḥiyn. nttat ay-gan tutlayt tamaziɣt tamzwarut ɣ wuṭṭun n imssiwln d tiriwt n udɣar arakal nna tumẓ, llan uggar gr 8 ar 10 id mlyun ar sis sawaln.
Tettusawal Tclḥiyt ɣ Sus, Iḥaḥan, Lḥuz n Mrrakc d kra n tsggʷin yaḍnin asn d iwalan. Tumẓ tutlayt taclḥit zɣ Taṣṣurt ɣ ugafa ar Aglmim ɣ unẓul ar Warzazat ɣ ugmuḍ. Mac ar tin ntafa tlla ula ɣ timdinin mqqurnin n lmɣrib zun d Tigmmi Tumlilt, d Rṛbaṭ d Sla.
Tkattin taclḥit ar tt taran s uskkil aɛrab nɣd alatini, ilin tugt n arratn s tclḥit s uskkil aɛrab. Ɣ isggʷasn ad ggʷranin isfɣ usinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt anaw amaynu n tifinaɣ ar as tinin Neo-Tifinaɣ ntat ɣila as tt taran willi as ssnin. Mqqar twuri lli d iskr usinag agldan, agmmay alatini d waɛrab ad akk iggutn slawan ɣ lWib d wantirnit.
Taclḥit kcmn tt iwaliwn n taɛrabt mac nttat ay-gan tutlayt tamaziɣt nna idrus is as kcmt iwaliwn iɛrabn, urd zun d taqbaylit d tarifit d tutlayin timaziɣin yaḍnin ..., nẓḍar ad nini mas d nttat ay-gan tutlayt tamaziɣt nna akkʷ iṭṭafn uṭṭun imqqurn n iwaliwn iẓuran ɣ tmaziɣt, zun d amdya d izwiln nna illan sul ɣ wawal aclḥi ar ɣassa. Ɣayn ad yujjan tutlayin timaziɣin yaḍnin atn usin zɣ taclḥit afad ad tn skcmn s wawal nsn.
Imzdaɣ[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ayt sus gan yan ugdud zɣ igdudn iclḥiyn imaziɣn[10].
Timdinin tisusiyin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tiqbilin tisusiyin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Laxṣaṣ
- Idagarsmuk
- Idakwaran
- Idakwakmar
- Idaw Amḥmd
- Idaw Baɛqil
- Idaw Brahim
- Idaw Blal
- Idaw Buzya
- Idaw Tinst
- Idaw Zal
- Idaw Zdut
- Idaw Zdaɣ
- Idaw Zkri
- Idaw Ziki
- Idaw Smlal
- Idaw Finis
- Idaw Ktir
- Idaw Knsus
- Idaw Gniḍif
- Idaw Ltit
- Idaw Martin
- Idaw Mnu
- Idaw Niḍif
- Arɣn
- Actukn
- Aksimn
- Amanuz
- Ammln
- Alanṣaṣ
- Wlad Jlal
- Wlad Mimun
- Wlad Yaḥya
- Awnayn
- Ibrkakn
- Ayt Aḥmad
- Ayt Alḥsn
- Ayt Alxms
- Ayt Alrxa
- Ayt Alsaḥl
- Ayt Almɛdr
- Ayt Alnṣ
- Ayt Awɣan
- Ayt Awfra
- Ayt Awqa
- Ayt Awkadir
- Ayt Awkrḍ
- Ayt Awklw
- Ayt Awmribṭ
- Ayt Ifran
- Ayt Ikas
- Ayt Ilukan
- Ayt Baɛmran
- Ayt Baha
- Ayt Baha Awmlal
- Ayt Brayyim
- Ayt Bubkr
- Ayt Buɛṭa
- Ayt Bunuḥ
- Ayt Bwalṭib
- Ayt Trudant
- Ayt Tidli
- Ayt Tiznit
- Ayt Tifawt
- Ayt Tikni
- Ayt Zkri
- Ayt Jrar
- Ayt Jml
- Ayt Aḥmd
- Ayt Ḥrbil
- Ayt Smik
- Ayt Ṣwab
- Ayt Ɛbdallah
- Ayt Ɛbdallah Awsɛid
- Ayt Ɛtman
- Ayt Ɛli Waɛla
- Ayt Ɛmirt
- Ayt Ɛin
- Ayt Falas
- Ayt Masst
- Ayt Mẓal
- Ayt Musa
- Ayt Musa Awɛli
- Ayt Milk
- Ayt Wadrim
- Ayt Warḥu
- Ayt Wasa
- Ayt Wasu
- Ayt Wafqa
- Ayt Walyaḍ
- Ayt Wikman
- Ayt Yḥya
- Ixulan
- Iduska Izdar
- Iduska n uflla
- Irḥḥaln
- Iznagn
- Isaffn
- Isakn
- Isktan
- Ismukn
- Isndaln
- Issi
- Iṣbuya
- Iɣcan
- Iɣir Mluln
- Ikunan
- Ikunka
- Ilaln
- Iliɣ
- Imjjaḍ
- Imstitn
- Imskin
- Imcgigiln
- Imntagn
- Induzal
- Ihrkitn
- Iwaziwin
- Bizakarn
- Taẓrwalt
- Tasrirt
- Taskdlt
- Taṣdmit
- Taṭawin
- Taɣjijt
- Tafndilt
- Takmut
- Takna
- Tamnart
- Tudma
- Tucka
- Tuflɛzt
- Tikiwin
- Tiyuwt
- Alxnafif
- Aldu Drar
- Izwafiḍn
- Imi n ugadir (Fm lḥṣn)
- Qṣur Ṭaṭa
- Alqliɛat
- Kṭiwt
- Alknasis
- Mzdakn
- Lmnabha
- Mir llft
- Huwwara
- Turkuz
- Tafrawt
- Tafrawt lmulud
- Ilɣ
- Anmalus
- Mrayt
- Ayt Mnṣur
Tiwlafin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Udmawn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Ibn Tumrt, argaz lli d ibdan imbraṭurya n Imwaḥḥidn
- Aḥmad Ɛaṣid, aslmad, amɣnas, anḍḍam, amara, amzraw amɣribi
- Aḥmad Adɣrni, amara, amɣnas, buyzrfan d ar ittdafɛa f izrfan n ufgan amaziɣ ɣ Lmɣrib;
- Ɛabdllah Zakur, amɣar d amɣnas mgal ifransawiyn ɣ tsga n Sus;
- Muḥammad Muxtar Asusi, amara d aɣlnaẓri amɣribi d argaz asrtan;
- Iznzarn, tarabbut tamaziɣt n umarg;
- Ɛaziz Axnnuc, argaz n iskkinn nna akk itrfḥn ɣ Lmɣrib, iṭṭaf tuggt n lmacariɛ, ig amawsas n tafllaḥt;
- Muḥammad Bn Sliman Al-Jazuli, amɣar n taqbilt tamaziɣt n Iguzuln;
- Ɛabdrraḥman Buftas, argaz asrtan amɣribi d argaz n iskkinn;
- Ḥassan Abuyub, argaz asrtan amɣribi;
- Muḥammad Ḥaṣad, argaz asrtan amɣribi;
- Salaḥ Mzili, argaz asrtan amɣribi;
- Mḥammd Bihmdn, argaz n tsrtit d iskkinn d bu-lmacariɛ;
- Muḥammad Xayr-Ddin, amara amɣribi;
- Salwa Idrissi Axnnuc, talmudirt n trabbut n Aksal - Morocco Mall;
- Tahar Bimzzaɣ, Amudir n Koutoubia;
- Saɛid Muḥammad Faḍil, bu-lmacariɛ, bab n Petromin Maroc ;
- Jamal Rraji, bu-lmacariɛ, bab n Atay Sultan;
- Saɛd-Ddin Lɛutmani, wazir amzwaru.
Uggar[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Imlan yaḍnin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Idlisn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iɣbula[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- ↑ Muqaddima - Ibn Khaldoun
- ↑ Abdelwahid al-Marrakushi, Al-mu'jib fi talkhis akhbar ahl al-Maghrib
- ↑ 3,0 et 3,1 الشعر العربي في سوس بين الاتباع والإبداع: خلال القرن العشرين
- ↑ مسألة النقود في تاريخ المغرب في القرن التاسع عشر
- ↑ مساهمة في دراسة تاريخ علاقة الدولة بالجهة : مونوغرافية سوس
- ↑ معلمة المغرب: قاموس مرتب على حروف الهجاء يحيط بالمعارف المتعلقة بمختلف الجوانب التاريخية والجغرافية والبشرية والحضارية للمغرب الأقص
- ↑ ديوان قبائل سوس: في عهد السلطان احمد المنصور
- ↑ المعسول في الإلغيين وأساتذتهم وتلامذتهم وأصدقائهم 1-21 سوس العالمة
- ↑ ( fr ) Wikimazigh.com - L'histoire de Souss
- ↑ Tribus de Souss - 16 uktubr 2010

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


text:
Arjagnu
Arjagnu neɣ Aqlilu (Assaɣ ussnan: Centaurea) d tawsit n yimɣan isaɣuren yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tetrawt. Tawsit-a tga d yiwet gar tewsitin yettwassnen yakk deg twacult-is.
Arjagnu neɣ Aqlilu d tawsit yudsen neɣ i -dyettilin i tɣeddiwt.
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Umuɣ n telmas[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Tasemmumt — (Centaurea pullata.
- Azemmun — (Centaurea diluta).
- Tafra — (Centaurea pubescens).
- Ittim — (Centaurea melitensis).
- Arjaknu — (Centaurea acaulis).
- Uzag — (Centaurea pullata).
- Tafrat — (Centaurea seridis).
Tiwlafin n telmas[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ismawen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Isem-is s latinit: Blackstonia perfoliata ou Centaurium pulchellum
- Isem-is s tefransist: Centaurée jaune ou Petite Centaurée délicate
- Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit:
- Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt:


text:
Analyse morphologique et sémantique du lexique médical kabyle entre deux régions Iferhounene (Tizi-Ouzou) et Taskriout (Béjaia) .
Date2016-09
Author
HATEB, Hasna
OUADI, Dihia
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
Tazwert : Di tezrawt-agi, neɛreḍ ad nessemres ledic-nteɣ ɣef yismawen n waṭṭanen n umdan d tfekka, di snat n temnaḍin n tmurt n leqbayel « Iferḥunen deg Tizi-Wzzu, akked d Taskriout deg Bgayet ». Ammud i d-negmer deg-s azal n 226 n tayunin. Tazrawt-agi tebḍa ɣef sin n yiḥricen : Aḥric amezwaru nexdem-it ɣef tezrawrt talɣawit, dayen ig rzan tasleḍt n talɣa n wawalen, ma yella d aḥric wis sin ; nessemres deg-s tazrawt tasnamkit, deg-s ara nesleḍ inumak n wawalen d wasseɣen isnamkiyen yellan gar-asen.


text:
Asmi ara yessiɣ waṭṭan-a s tuget ger yimdanen, akken yebɣu uḥader ara nḥader iman-nneɣ, d awezɣi ur d-nettemlil ara d unfafad A H1N1. Aɣbel n tidet mačči d timlilit d unfafad, maca d asfrurex-ines.
Ihi skud mazal-aɣ s tezmert yelhan, ur nesei kra i d-yesbanayen tamsalmit ara d-yexdem unfafad A H1N1, yessefk ad neg kra n tɣawsiwin i wakken ad neḥbes asefrurex n unfafad, ad nḥader ɣef wasɣalen i wakken ur ttenṭṭerrayen ara neɣ ɣef temsalmiyin nniḍen i wakken ur d-rennunt ara, ma yella nekkni d imuḍan iɣef ur d-yettbin waṭṭan.
{{Atenta kra n tɣawsiwin tifessasin ara yeg umdan i wakken ad iḥader iman-is ɣef waṭṭan-a:}}
1-Akken i d-qqaren yakk iwellihen i d-gan ar tura, yessefk {{usired n yifassen aṭas iberdan deg wass}}.
2-Yessefk amdan, akken i yezmer, {{ur yettnal ara udem-is s yifassen}}
3-Yessefk {{usqluqel n ugerjum s waman yeḥman imerɣanen}}, snat tikwal de wass. 2 ar 3 n wussan i yellan ger wasmi ara d-yekcem unfafad seg wanzaren neɣ seg ugerjum ar wasmi ara d-binen wasɣalen imenza. Ihi asqluqel n ugerjum yezmer ad yeḥbes asfrurex n unfafad. Lḥaṣun, asqluqel n ugerjum s waman imerɣanen yelha i umdan yellan s tezmert akken telha ticreḍt i win yuḍnen. Ur yessefk ara ihi ad neḥqer awellih-a afessas, ur d-yessuturen tadrimt yerna yettaf ɣur-s umdan.
4-Yessefk {{usired n wanzaren s waman iḥmayanen imerɣanen}}, xerṣum tikkelt deg wass. Ad yenser umdan akken i iwata anzaren-is, syinakkin ad yssired anzaren-is s umeččim leqṭen yemmɣen deg waman yeḥman imerɣanen. Ta d taɣawsa nniḍen ara yeḥbsen deg usfrurex n unfafad.
5-Yessefk {{ad nessiǧhed deg unagraw-nneɣ n tmḥaddit [[système immunitaire]] s učči n lqut yesean tavitamint “C”}}. Ma yella tfernem ad teččem tikaciyin n tvitaminin “C”, ttwillhet ma yella tikaciyin-a ɣur-sent daɣen Zink, i wakken ad yesɣiwel askaf n tvitaminin-a deg tfekka.
6-Tessefk {{tissit n tɣawsiwin tiḥmayanin}} (lattay, lqahwa, tizana, atg.) Tissit taḥmayant telha am usqluqel: tettekkes-as i ugerjum infafaden i izemren ad yilin deg-s, terna teseedday-iten ɣer lisṭuma, amkan anda infafaden-a ur zmiren ad idiren, akka ihi ad yeḥbes usfrurex-nsen.


text:
Angaraw (ingarawen), océanique (fr) - oceanic (en) - oceánico (es) - محيطي
Addad amaruz: ungaraw/wengaraw (yingarawen, yengarawen).
Tagmuẓart n ussumer: D arbib assaɣan ay d-yekkan seg "agaraw" ed uzwir "-n-" s uḍfar n yimedyaten n A. Berkaï (timetti > anmetti; timeẓri > anmeẓri).
Ẓer daɣ: agaraw, agraw, amsegraw, amsengaraw, anagraw, anagrawan, asegraw, asengarwan, assegrew, msegraw, ssegrew, tagriwa, tasengarawt, ttwassegrew, tagrawt.
Aql-iken deg - Vous êtes dans - You are in - Ustedes están en - أنتم في
Asegzawal n Tmaziɣt - Dictionnaire Amazigh - Français - Amazigh - English Dictionary - Diccionario Amazigh - Español - قاموس أمازيغي - عربي
(c) Omar Mouffok - Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen.


text:
Tareddi
Tareddi (Assaɣ ussnan: Mustela erminea) d talmest n temseksumin yeṭṭafaren tawsit yettidir deg Marikan n ugafa d Urasya d Tmurt n Iqbayliyen, Tareddi d aɣersiw yeẓlin (icebḥen) maca iga d anegmar idegẓen s waṭas
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tareddi d aɣersiw usdid d aleggaɣ, teɣzi n usallaf-is tugar agla n tedɣaɣat, ini n weglim-is d aras imalen ar uzeggaɣ sufell, ma d adis-is d amellal
Teɣzi n uwtem tga gar n 16 ar 31 cm, ma d tawtemt s ddaw n wannect-a
Azuk n uwtem n treddi iga gar n 130 ar 450 g. Ma d tawtemt gar n 110 ar 280 g
Idgan n tudert[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Yettidir deg Turuft, agafa n Asya akked Marikan ufella, Zik yella yettidir ula di Tmurt n Leqbayel maca tura yzmer ad yili yenger
Učči[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tareddi d aɣersiw yettekkin deg tfesna n temsuksumin, yegguni deg wučči-ynes af iɣerdayen tettaf deg yegran akk d igtal


text:
Taɣazut
Taɣazut tga yat tiɣrmt mzziyn ɣ tsga n Sus-Massa ifuss tmazirt n Lmṛṛuk taggug s 20 km f tiɣrmt n Ugadir d 153 km f tiɣrmt n Taṣṣurt. Ttuysan s taɣarin ns baḥra cwanin d iftasn zuzwanin.
Ar-d sis tackan imallayn ɣ graygat tamazirt n umaḍal. Midden ɣ tiɣrmt ad ddrn s tagmrt n islman, d tiwuriwin n tmallayt wala tiwuriwin n wakal tiyuga.
Aftas n twazut ar gis tmunan kraygat ungmar. Ilint ukan sul gis tiɣrubansn d imas n tuwuriwintnsn.
Amzruy[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tka-tt-in Taɣazut ɣ umruy nns lli nssn tga bdda yan udɣar lli f tmaɣen tiqbilin timaziɣin n zikk d ibraniyn. Ɣ tasut tiss 16, Ismun Mḥnd n Idir ɣ ṭṭerf nns tiqbilin, yumẓ lḥukm n tasga tagafayt n Taɣazut, izza ɣakud-ann f Ibrtqqiziyn. Willi mutn mḍeln-tn ɣ yan udɣar ɣ Tamraɣt iiga s ism Imuran. Macc ɣ ixf n tasut tiss 19, Isbnyuliyn umẓn Timzguida n Allal, gan as s ism " la madrague ", bnan gis luzinat, tigmma d yan uftas amaynu n tgmrt d immskaln n isɣnzitn. Ur sul iga ɣayan abla ixulan, ar asn tinin Ixulan n la madrague. Amma ɣila ḥiden ɣayam kullu.
Ɣ isggassn gr 1960 d 1970, Lkmn tisutin n ma mu tinin " hippies " s Taɣazut , nttni ad yujjan adɣar i iɛrrimn imɣrabiyn d willi skarn surf.
Asnmkta[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ar ittini usiḍn lli ittyuskar ɣ usggʷas n 2014 mas[1]:
Aslmd[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Tigmiḍi n taqubbanit (middn lli ur ssin ad aqran wala ad ttaran) : 39.9%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli iɣran ar usinan n usmdi nɣd uggar : 5.6%
Tadamsa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli llan ɣ isggasn nnsn n twuri : 41.1%
- Tigmiḍi n tarwuri (middn lli ur ṭṭafn tawuri) : 12.3%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin dar lmxzn (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 15.4%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin ɣ uslig (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 57.9%
Amalul n usudu n taddangiwin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iga umallu n ussudu n taddangiwin yan umallu lis baḥra tuyssan tamdint n Taɣazut. Ilin uggar n 20 n ixf n umalu ntaddangiwin.
Tamallayt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ard itzur kraygatt asggas id walf n imallayn li di tackanin ɣ kraygatt mani ɣ madlan, baḥra z lurop, d marikan, wala ɣ ugns n tamurt lmrruk. Ilin imallayt n tɣazut li di tackanit ɣ tagrst wala ɣ sif. Ar ttinit tawi lfjuj n
Tiwlafin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iɣbula[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Islkamn n bra[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- (fr) Iftasn n tɣazut
- (fr) Iftasn n umaḍal


text:
Ifadden n tmurt
Ifadden n tmurt neɣ ifadden n wakal neɣ Tifad (Assaɣ ussnan: Orobanche) d tawsit n yimɣan ijenṭaden yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tfadin seg tfesna n tmessferranin igan d tafesna n tesnayyawin
Ifadden n tmurt d tawsit ilan (yesɛan) aṭas n telmas, amur ameqran deg-sent d timezgiyin yerna d tijenṭadin s talɣa tanezzucalt adɣa ɣef imendiyen (imɣan n tfellaḥt).
Ideggan n wemɣay[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Umuɣ n telmas[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ifadden n tmurt deg tesnujya[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Zik-nni, ifadden n tmurt yettumeggez seg imɣi asnajyan yettwasxedmen s tuget i wsuji n kra n waṭṭanen ama s agensu (daxel) neɣ s azɣar (beṛṛa) n tafekka maca deg wakud-a yuɣal yettwattu ur yettwasexdem ara.


text:
Adren
Adren neɣ ider (Assaɣ ussnan: Quercus) d tawsit n Isekla yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tazzant tla (tesɛa) azal n 600 n talmest n tsafin d yider id yettemɣayen deg wezgen agafan n tegnit. amur ameqran deg-sent d isekla maca llant daɣen telmas ttemɣayent-d d timedkin neɣ d icekeryad (asget n ucekrid). Dɣa isekla n wedren d ticafcalin yerna tid yettidiren aṭas n iseggasen (gar n 500 ar 2000 iseggasen)
Isekla n wedren d tid ilan (yesɛan) tuggta meqqren deg wayen yezzin ɣef ubleɣ d tarrayt n wemɣay anda llant tmedkin ur ugarent ara 1 Mitre deg wakud dgi llant telmas n isekla i yugaren 30 m. Dɣa tilmas-a ur sseɣlayent ara iferran deg umwan di tamiwin anda yella unzwu yemnummsen tilmas-a gant d timeɣlalin n tizzegzut maca deg yideggan isemmṭen amur ameqran n tilmas-a sseɣlayen-t iferr
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Asismel[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
(Yeqqen ar umuɣ n telmas n yider)
Tawsit n yider (a.u Quercus) tettadam gar n 200 ar 600 n telmas. Tilmas-a ttemɣayen-tt-d s talɣa tagejdant deg yideggan imnummsanen alamma d ideggan izunmezzayen deg wezgen agafan n tegnit. Akken daɣen id ttemɣayent deg yideggan yeflalen n Indonesia, s unect n ITIS tilmas-a gant d:
- Ider amric — (Quercus acerifolia)
Tilmas[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Tasaft — (Quercus ilex)
- Tasaft yizem — (Quercus coccifera)
- Afernan — (Quercus suber)
- Ider azeggaɣ — ( Quercus rubra)
- Titcet — (Quercus pyrenaica)
- Tucet (neɣ tacet neɣ tazanet) — (Quercus canariensis)


text:
Dihya Tadmut
Dihya Tadmut neɣ Tadmayt (s teɛrabt : El Kahina), aken i s-semman waɛraben asmi d kecmen Tamazɣa, tella d tagellidt tameknast (guerrière) tamaziɣt i yettmenɣan mgal unekcum n weɛraben s tamurt-is ger useggas 695 d 705. Tfrurɣ-d di lɛarc Igerwan n Iznaten di Wawras. Aken llan igelliden imezwura imaziɣen n Numidya, teffeɣ-d d tagellidt si tefranin n usqamu n tidukla n laɛrac d tudrin.
Dihya d udem amenzawi, nettat d Aksil n wazbu amaziɣ di tefriqt n ugafa mgal unekcum n yemselmen seg usamar ger isegasen n 695 d 705. Asmi kan i d kecmen dɣa, tadukli tasartit d tadeblant n tmazɣa usamar akw d tlemast (Awras n tura) tela s daw ufus n Aksil neɣ Kusayla s taɛrabt. Asmi yemmut di 688 d Dihya i yuɣalen d aqerru n wazbu mgal iɛraben.


text:
Ṛmḍan
Ayyur n Ṛmḍan iga ayyur wiss tẓa ɣ tmzwagt tanabawit, ar tettili dffir n wayyur n Caɛban, iẓil wayyur ad dar imuslmn d imumnen acku nttan ad igan ayyur n wuẓum lli igan yan rrukn zɣ larkan n lislam.
Issntay wayyur n Ṛmḍan kud-nna ẓṛṛin middn ayyur ɣ wass 29 n Caɛban, iɣ ikmml rmḍan da sfuglun imuslmn s tfaslka n lfiṭr.
Dar wayyur n Ṛmḍan adɣar iẓlin ɣ taysi d umzruy n imuslmn, acku iggiz d gis adlis n rbbi lquran zɣ llawḥ lmaḥfuḍ s ignna n ddunit ɣ yiḍ n lqadar ɣ wayyur ad, dffir iggiz d ɣ-akud-ann imḍfrn ɣ uzmz n tuggza n lwaḥiy lliɣ illa urqqas Muḥammad taẓallit n rbbi fllas ɣ ifri n ḥira lliɣ dars yucka lmalak jibril, inna as : اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ tga tkṭṭumt ad tamzwarut iggiz nn zɣ udlis n rbbi lquran.
Izdi wayyur n Ṛmḍan ɣ kigan n tmizar n lislam s ugudi n inazwiyn n usgd zun d: taẓallit n ttaṛawiḥ d liɛtikaf ɣ timrawin tinggura, d tugt n tmyurin d ttaqalid zun d taɣuri i wiyyaḍ s lfḍur n tinwutci.
Amgrad ad iga amud, imẓẓiy ka sul. Aws i Wikipidya s usnfl nns, tssimɣurt t.


text:
Ad tixḍared ar ɣa taḥled deg yewdan i c-yudsen, wer tettifed ula d ijjen yudes-ic am yiles-nnec. Xmi nettexs a dd-nessufeɣ min nxemmel deg wulawen-nneɣ, a t-nini i ḥedd nniḍen, nessexdam timatarin amecnaw imesliten d isekkilen, niɣ s usexdem n ddat-nneɣ, am uhezzi n ifassen d uzellif, d ubeddel n tefraz n uɣembub… Nessexdam timatarin i ikessin lmeɛna. Ula d xmi nessawal aked yexf-nneɣ, nesḥessa i yexsan-nneɣ; iles ittili yeḥḍer.
S uya, iles d ij n tebridt ittemsawaḍ zag-s uterras aked yexf-nnes, ittemsawaḍ zag-s ɛawed aked ḥedd nneɣni. Ittili lebda yeḥḍer di tudert n uterras, Kter zi kulci.
Xmi i ɣa tɛiced d aweḥdani di tmura n midden, uca ar ɣa tesled ca n wass i ca n yijjen yessawal s yiles-nnec, manaya weḥd-s, a c-yejj a ɣer-s tadsed, a kid-s temrussuned.
Amsawaḍ s usexdem n tutlayt tayemmat, d ij n tmeslayt ɣar-s min tt-ibeṭṭan x wemsawaḍ s yilsawen nneɣni. Minzi min yellan yecrek deg tutlayt tayemmat, walli bu yesruɣa tfawt x wawal d min yeksi waha, maca iɛeddu aɣirin, ikessi akid-s tɣuni d ladas i yellan jer yewdan i ittemsawaḍen s yiles-nni, d min ten kid-s yeqqnen. Blacekk aqa tutlayt tayemmat weḥd-s, tzemmer ad texleq ij n tnettit d tamunant, zi ssenni, iɛeddu min itteqqnen aterras s tutlayt-nnes tayemmat, ḥuma a t-yeqqen aked yewdan i kid-s icerken iles-nni.
Nettesla i tḥuja d tenfas i dd-ksin lejdud d tḥennatin, smuttyen-tent-idd jjil awarn i jjil, alami i ɣer-neɣ dd-iwḍent. Zi ssenni, nessajja x umezruy-nsen, nxezzar mamec i ttuɣa ttxarrsen, d mamec i ttuɣa ttɛicen… Minzi i ttuɣa ttegg°den, d min ttuɣa ttḥaman… min ttuɣa ɛnan isirimen-nsen (inaruzen), d mani i nnuɛtaren… Nettesla i manaya, uca nettaka aked min daneɣ-yesmunen akid-sen: ij n tnettit d tadelsan ttuɣa wer tezmir ad tili mli wer yelli yiles. Tutlayt urid d tisit n tussna d uxarres waha, maca kter zi manaya, tutlayt d ij n tmektit n umezruy.
Iles n uterras, d ij n tisit i tnettit-nnes tamunant, tadelsant… tinettitin-a merra, ttmunent bac a dd-saqarent ij n tnettit d taɣermant. S uya, wer nettebḥiḍ ca, mala nufa ca n yijjen yeqqar: aqa iles-inu d netta i yifen merra ilsawen.
Man iles i yifen merra ilsawen?
Umi i ruḥeɣ ad ɣreɣ di Spanya, ufiɣ ca n imeddukkal-inu d iseppunya ttɛawaden-ayi ij n wawal yenna-t ujellid Karlus wiss 5: « Ssawaleɣ taseppanyut aked rebbi, taṭalyant aked temɣarin, tafransist aked yergazen, talimant aked uyis-inu ».
S wawal-a, yexs ad yini Karlus wiss 5 aqa kul awal ɣer-s amkan-nnes. Mala ttuɣa karlus iɛic di lqern 16, aqa yeḍher ila ttuɣa ittexs ad yini aqa taeppanyut d iles n ddin, taṭalyant d iles n rriḍa, tafransist d iles n ssiyasa, talimant d iles n wemḥizwar s yeksan. Waxxa amenni, ttuɣa imeddukkal-inu ttɛawaden awal-nni s yij n lḥamas, d yij ubihrar… Minzi ufin dag-s minxef ɣa ɛemmden ḥuma ad ssilyen zi tutlayt-nsen tayemmat, tcuni-nnes tessiweḍ-itt ad tili d ij n tutlayt n wemsawaḍ aked rebbi!
D tidet taseppanyut, d nettat i yifen merra tutlayin? Ɣer imeddukkal-inu iseppunya wah, maca ɣer-i necc d cekk, d taɛrabt i isebḥen merra. Wer neḥdij ca a nexzer wi ɣer yella lḥeqq, ma ɣer-sen ma ɣer-neɣ, Minzi wer din bu minzi ɣa neɛber wi ɣer tella tidet di manaya.
Ad mmleɣ min xseɣ ad iniɣ, s weɛqab-inu ɣer twinest-a: « Tamurt-inu, d lalla-s n tmura ». Mani tella lqimet n tidet i dag-s yellan? Mala tekkred ad txemmed, tawinest-a, wer dag-s qeɛ lqimet n tidet. Minzi wer telli qeɛ d ca n twinest i yessawalen x ca n tɣawsa, teḥdaj a tt-tɛebred s lmizan n tidet, ad txemmed ma nican niɣ walli nican.
Xmi i yessawal ca n yijjen x tmurt-nnes, uca yeqqar x-as: d lalla-s n tmura, wer ixezzar ca ɣer ḥedd nneɣni i yeqqan ula d netta amenni x tmurt-nnes, belli yettecca waha, niɣ wer ɣer-s bu lḥeqq. Min neqqar da x tmurt, nzemmer a t-nini ula x yiles.
Maca mamec mala imeɣri yeddez iḍaren, yenna-c wer din min yifen i yiles n teɛrabt? walli ɣer-s netta waha, maca ɣer kulci!
Ad ggeɣ tizemmar ḥuma ad beddeɣ ɣer manaya: wer din bu ca n lḥajet teqqen ɣer tmessna, a daneɣ-tessken belli tutlayt-a tif tenniḍen. Maca d amezwar, yeffuk a nbedd ɣer wemserni n yilsawen.
Ma d tidet tutlayt-nneɣ taɛrabt d nettat i yifen?
Kul iles ɣer-s tcuni-nnes, kul iles ɛawed yif wenniḍen, deg webrid mani msebḍan wudmawen n manten yifen d manten wer yifen, ɛla ḥsab minzi i nɛebber manaya. Taɛrabt mala d nettat i yifen qeɛ, aqa minzi d iles-nneɣ, mala d taseppanyut i yifen, tif minzi d iles-nsen. Ula d ijjen ma izemmer ad yessken manayenni s yij n webrid d amassan, ad idafeɛ x min yeqqar s lmenṭiq. Minzi wer din minzi ɣa neɛber ma d tidet tutlayt-a tif tin, niɣ tin tif ta.
Xmi i ttarin tnayen n yezlawiyen tiqessisin x tcuni n temɣart, wer daneɣ itthemmi min uran ma yella di tidet niɣ lla, asefru deg-s tizemmar n wesneflul ssurufent igmiren n tmessna d lmenṭiq. Lmeyzan-a wa i zi neɛber uɣun n usefru aked tidet n tcuni n temɣart, d tmexsa-nnes, d wenni s yexf-nnes i zi nɛebber uɣun n uterras aked tutlayt-nnes tayemmat, xmi i yeqqar aqa d ta i yifen qeɛ tutlayin n umaḍal. Zeg uɣezdis nneɣni, xmi neqqar x tmurt-nneɣ aqa d lalla-s n tmura, waxxa nufa ca n yijjen nneɣni yeqqar amenni x tmurt-nnes, wer yesneqqis walu zi lxezrat-nneɣ ɣer tmurt-nneɣ. Ammu i temsar ula i yiles.
Yura-t: Fahd Racid Lamṭiri; aselmad n tesnilest di Lkuwit.
Yesmezɣ-it; Ɛebdelwaḥed ḤENNU
Ɣer ɛawed: Ssi Ḥemmudi niɣ xmi ɣa yettwala Maziɣ ixef-nnes d Aerab


text:
At Bu Yusef
At Bu Yusef d tamdint n twilayt n Tizi Uzzu.
Isem n tɣiwant d win n yiwen lɛeṛc n Tmurt Taqbaylit.
Asideg[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tudrin n Taɣiwant[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Taɣiwant n At Bu Yusef tesɛa 9 tudrin[1] :
Tatupunymit[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Anamek n isem-is : « imadaren n Yusef ».
Tadamsa[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Taddart n Werǧa tesfulleḥ ttjuṛ n igumma (tineqlin, tireḍlimin, tifiras, tigusimin, tifeṛṛanin) d tidal timeẓliyin ɣas ma anezwu yeqseḥ deg tagrest.
Tugniwin tummilin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Sidi Ḥmed Umezyan Awerǧiw, amrabeḍ yettwaḥemmelen aṭas deg aẓi, d amrabeḍ-amɛellem n taddard n Werǧa
- Lalla Faḍma n Sumer (Fadhma n At Si Ḥmed, 1830-1863), tasaḍt n uzbu aqbayli deg iseggwasen 1850, telluled deg taddart n Werǧa
Tira d timselɣa[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ Aɣmis unṣib n Tagduda Tazzayrit, 19 dujamber 1984. Tanaḍt n° 84-365, yettsbeḍen tasuddest ines. Tawilayt n Tizi Uzzu, p. 1504 à 1510.


text:
165+ n tmura
Weblate isidig amaḍal
Ameẓlu n tnezduɣt akked ufecku n uselkim s uslaɣ n usefrek n lqem. D afessas s ugrudem n useqdac zeddigen, azuzer n tsuqilin deg yisuddisen, asenqed n tɣara akked wassaɣ awurman ɣer yifuyla iɣbula.
426 n tsuqilin deg tura kan
756 n tsuqilin deg tura kan
353 n tsuqilin deg tura kan
1092 n tsuqilin deg tura kan
438 n tsuqilin deg tura kan
577 n tsuqilin deg tura kan
7814 n tsuqilin deg melmi kan
23603 n tsuqilin deg melmi kan
3439 n tsuqilin deg melmi kan
526 n tsuqilin deg melmi kan
423529 n tsuqilin
di 7 n wussan ineggura


text:
amḥḍar
lqist n yan umḥḍar ur tgi lkdub
immut baba-s mqqar d immi-s iga lghrib
idda s timzgida ns nttat a gh-nn izug
ar yaqqra aylligh iṣḥa iḥsa akkw lkutub
...
laxbar n baba-s d immi-s lkmn-tn-id
baba-s d immi-s llan-inn gh ugns akkw n lɛdab
ikka ar yan wass irakb-nn ar imi n lɛdab
yufa-nn xazinu-nnar gawrn gh imi n lɛdab
amḥḍar mskin a isawln inna yasn-d
salamu ɛlaykum a xazinu-nnar
xazinu-nnar a isawln inna yasn-d
ɛliku salam inna yas a xuya amḥḍar-ad
mad-k-id yiwin inna yas a yamḥḍar s ghid
ur agh yumr bab inu s yan ighran ad-tn nḥrg
kiyyin tgit lɛalim n ṣaḥt tssift akkw lkutub
sat tusutin gh lajdud nk a yamḥḍar
sat tusutin ur rad ḥrgnt a yamḥḍar
amḥḍar mskin a isawln inna yasn-d
laxbar n lwaldin ad agh-d igan aḍar s ghid
baba d immi llan-inn gh ugns akkw n lɛdab
xazinu-nnar a isawln inna yasn-d
ara fk iyyi ṣṣifat nsn a xuya nawi tn-id
amḥḍar mskin a isawln inna yasn-d
baba iga awṣTani ilan lamr gh luwjh
immi tga tawṣTanit igan mrbaɛ lgdd
iftu xazin ifk-t i tillas n uḍggig
iftu xazin ifk i lbḥur n lɛdab
ar tn isiggil aylligh tn yufa yiwi-tn-id
izd a yamḥḍar aitdarun a yad
amḥḍar mskin a ismummin inna yasn-d
amḥḍar mskin ismuqql yawi-d ankkid
uhuy a xazin urd aitdar ngh a yad
babas d immis msakn nnan-asn-d
uhuy a yiwi hati nkkni nit a yad
mamnk ra gh tissant a yiwi aylligh akkw nḥrg
addumgh akkw i takat zund ṣṣmgh n lktub
nghigh gim a ddunit bla ccrɛ ur nzug
ukrgh gim a ddunit bla ccrɛ ur ntub
lfayda tagharst-ad Rbbi yumr-tt-id
lxayr n mddn yan dar ur lmal itub
lfayda tagharst-ad Rbbi yumr-tt-id
ig agh gis umngh srk a xaliq lɛibad
ur nZḍar a nnini ɛṣigh ula nnigh ntub
walynni a sidi ssayra n Rbbi a f nzzugaz
TTaɛt n Rbbi d tin-k a nnabi Muḥammad
a lislam ZZall-at f nnabi Muḥammad
wanna fllak iZZulln a nnabi Muḥammad
mqqar gan arumi zrin bla yan lḥsab


text:
187
ÇA PEUT T'INTÉRESSER
Mazal Tov ! Yehouda Sigoura (Versailles) est Hatan avec Sterna Sarah Naccache (Paris) Mazal Tov ! Tsema’h Chemtov (New York) est Hatan avec Dvorah Arnauve (Paris) Mazal Tov! Mendel Attal (fils d’Eli, Paris 19) est ‘Hatan avec Dvorah Chalem (Marseille) Mazal Tov! Aharon Koskas (Aubervilliers) est ‘Hatan avec Dvorah Mergui (Paris 19ème) Mazal Tov! Menahem Mendel Abecassis (Paris 12) est Hatan avec Haya Mouchka Attal (fille d’Elie, Paris 19) Mazal Tov! Menahem Mendel Karsenty (Paris 19) est ‘Hatan avec ‘Haya Mouchka Gabay (Paris 16) Mazal Tov! Moshé Cohen (Versailles) est Hatan avec Sarah Guez (Bondy) Mazal Tov ! à Elie Harroch (Massy) est Hatan avec Sarah Guez (Paris19ème) Mazal Tov ! Israel Menahem Mendel Erentroi (Zaporizhia, Ukraine) est Hatan avec Hanna Azimov (fille de Mendel – Paris) Mazal Tov ! Menahem Mendel Azimov (Paris) est Hatan avec Rivka Shmotkin (Detroit) le 24 Sivan 5779 Mazal Tov ! Menahem Mendel Chelly (Paris 19e) est ‘Hatan avec Myriam Ilana Abitboul (Bonneuil) Mazal Tov! Rephael Baron (Paris) est ‘Hatan avec Haya Mouchka Haddad (fille du Rav Menahem – Bruxelles) le 18 Iyar 5781 Mazal Tov ! Menahem Mendel Djian (Paris 15ème) est Hatan avec Sarah Odel Benelbaz (Yerres ) Mazal Tov ! Menahem Mendel Cohen (Versailles) est ‘Hatan avec ‘Haya Mouchka Levy (Paris 20ème) Mazal Tov ! Yossi Mergui (Paris 19ème) est Hatan avec Batcheva Halfon (Paris 18ème)


text:
Amsegraw (imsegrawen), rassemblement (fr) - gathering (of people) (en) - reunión, agrupación (es) - تجمع
Addad amaruz: wemsegraw/umsegraw (yemsegrawen/yimsegrawen).
Ẓer daɣ: agaraw, angaraw, agraw, amsengaraw, anagraw, anagrawan, asegraw, asengarwan, assegrew, msegraw, ssegrew, tagriwa, tasengarawt, ttwassegrew, tagrawt.
Tasniremt:
Amsegraw anagdud - rassemblement public - agrupación pública - تجمع عمومي
Amsegraw asertan - rassemblement politique - agrupación política - تجمع سياسي
Aql-iken deg - Vous êtes dans - You are in - Ustedes están en - أنتم في
Asegzawal n Tmaziɣt - Dictionnaire Amazigh - Français - Amazigh - English Dictionary - Diccionario Amazigh - Español - قاموس أمازيغي - عربي
(c) Omar Mouffok - Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen.


text:
Ɣef wakken i t-id-twekked
twacult n ucennay Idir,
tella-d temḍelt-is anda
akken i yebɣa netta.
deg Fransa. Seg wasmi yemmut unaẓur ameqqran Idir (2 deg maggu 2020) i d-tenna twacult-is d akken ad yemḍel deg Fransa, ‘’D wa i d lebɣi-s’’. Ha-t-an ihi tedda-as deg lebɣi imi yemḍel ass-nni n larebɛa, azizwu, 13 deg maggu 2020, deg tmeqqbert Père-Lachaise deg Pari. Deg ulɣu i d-tesuffeɣ twacult-is, ass n ttlata, 12 deg maggu 2020, tenna-d ‘’Tamḍelt n ucennay Idir, tella-d deg Fransa anda ttilin warraw-is, d wa i d lebɣi-s aneggaru, xas ulamma yessarem deg tazwara i wakken ad tili temḍelt-is deg taddart anda i ilul. Ihi, tawacult-is, texdem kan ayen i iwulmen, tquder asirem-is,ur tezmir ara ad d-tekk nnig lebɣi n ucennay Idir’’. Ɣef waya dɣa i d-tessuter twacult-is seg wid i t-iḥemmlen i wakken ad qaddren, am nutni, lebɣi n unaẓur. I usmekti, aṭas n yimdanen i yessarmen tamḍilt-is deg wakal n lejdud-is mačči deg lɣerba, ‘’am wakken d imenfi’’, i d-walan kra. Ɣef waya dɣa, i yuzzel waṭas n wawal deg yiẓeḍwa inmettiyen. Yal wa s rray-is. Gar wid yeddan d lebɣi n ucennay d wid yellan mgal asirem-a. Akken yebɣu yili, ad yeqqim d azamul am netta, am Slimane Azem, El Hasnaoui d wiyaḍ xas meḍlen berra n Tmurt. I usmekti, deg tmeqqbert Père-Lachaise, ttwameḍlen aṭas n wudmawen i imechuren deg ddunit, yecban Pierre Abélard (1079-1142), Edmond About (1828-1885), Augustin Gabriel d’Aboville (1773-1820), Augustin Marie d’Aboville (1776-1843), François Marie d’Aboville (1730-1817), Nicolas Abramtchik (1903-1970), Étienne Aignan, (1773-1824) d wiyaḍ.
Hocine Moula


text:
Abdessamad Zeryouḥi
Sayf al-Islam Qaddafi, mmi‑s n Ulibi adiktatiru aqdim Mɛemmar Qaddafi, jjin‑t ad i crek di lintixabat n tamurt-nnes.
Amalas (Simana) yeɛdan ila lmejlis n lintixab yugi a kid-sen i crek minzi aṭṭas n twalatin i x-as teḥkem lfusina deg useggusa yeɛdan. Maca ij n lqadi n lfusina n listinaf ijja‑t ad irecceḥ di linitixab n 22 djembir.
D manaya i nnan iɣemmisen n Libya.
Sayf al Islam i ɣer yella 49 n issegusa trezzu x-as lmaḥkama tamedlant n Den Haag. Ij n umilitir i t‑yedɛan di lɛasima Ṭarablus ittar i lmejlis n linitixab wer t‑ttejjin ca ad i crek di lintixab minzi teḥkem x-as lfusina di 2015, x tmegga tiɛeffanin i yegga di ca n imenɣan. Ad yiri timegga-ya tiɛeffanin yegga-tent deg umenɣi-nni yemsarn umi nɣan baba‑s deg 2011. Maca netta kulci inker-it.
Lmejlis n lintixab ila yugi ad cerken 25 zi 98 n imreccḥen i isejjlen ixef-nsen ḥuma ad dewlen d arrayes n Libya. Amilitir Xalifa Ḥaftar, wa d isem i yettwassnen qaɛ zeg-sen, jjin‑t ad icrek di lintixab-a. Netta irecceḥ di ccerq n Libya mani i ila tella girra deg iseggusa yeɛdan.
Ra d Ḥaftar i ɣer yella 78 n issegusa ttehmen‑t s tmegga tiɛeffanin di girrat yemsaren di Libya.
Lintixab n ubarlaman di tamurt-a i yettwaggan s uptirul smuttyen‑t ɣer ussegʷas idd‑yegguren.
Tala: hln


text:
Tuzzya tamtawant
Tuzzya tamtawant (s Teglizit: Tidal Locking) d tumant n tɣimit n kra n tafekka tagnnawt|tfekka tagennawt]] iwula i tfekka niden mi ara ad itezzi fell-as, amedya deg tegʷnit n wayyur mi ara ad iwula tegnit deg yal akud. Amtawa ayi yettili-d susrag (s sebba) n umgarad n ufezyan aldayan neɣ n tdusi n tendeffirt, anecta s tuǧǧit n kra n yiwen n yidis n tfekka ad yeqqim iwula tafekka niden s iɣil. Tument-a tettili-d deg tuget n tugniwin yakk d wayyuren mi ara ad tezzin ɣef tfekkiwin i meqqren fell-asen deg ubleɣ. S talɣa tussnant yettili-d ubaɣur (lfayda) seg tument-a deg tuqqna n igensaten i wakken ad wulant tagnit neɣ amtiweg ɣef wacu tezzint.
Deg tesnallunt, Tuzzya tamtawant tettwassen d irem i tfekkiwin itezzin ɣef tfekka niden deg kra n tmezzit, anda akud usfik i ufukku n tuzzya ɣef ugellus yugar akud usfik i ufukku n yiwet n tuzzya tamezzayt. Ɣef wanecta i d-yettili yiwen n wudem kan iy wulan tafekkaɣef wacu iy tezzi deg yal tikkelt. Amedya, ayyur d win ilan (yesɛan) tuzzya tamtawant[1] deg tuzzya-ines ɣef tegnit. Dɣa amur ameqran n wayyuren deg wudus anafuk d wid ilan tuzzya tamtawant yakk d yimtiwgen-nsen.


text:
Ylq Djqxiqlqcqx- icx Yqcqilqxcqcjqxqiiicici xqx Zxqlqjicxlqxqqxqljicc Aixxijqxjcicc jic Zixc Dxcicx xqccc cii Zjxqcqxqlqjicxlqxqqiqlqcqx qxciccc. Qc qlcqx Aqlqxqcicxq li Yqqciixicc Zcqiqccq lc Qqljqxjiiiqx jqqii qx xlq Zjxqcixqicxq jii iiclqxqcxqc Zxqlqjicxlqxqqiqlqcqx Yiiljli Mqjxqcx icx qqlcqi Zcqccjqxcxqcqx Zciqcjqxc Zljllqqx. Qi Dxqicxqccqxc jqlßc qq iccqx icxqxqi, xiqq xlqqq Zxcqccici „lc Qüxxliici qqlcqx ixißqc Mqxxlqcqcq icx cii Yicq cüx xlq Aöxxqxici xqq Djqxjcäccqx Micxlqxqq“ qxcicic.
Zißlx Zxcixj cxäqc jlxxlic cix qlic Aixqäcqlx Zqcxxlj Zjlxclx jilqlc Qcxlcciclx. Dq icxl Dlxcqicäcxicq qiqxijxüillc, iqx xix Ylilxqcicjl qiic xqqc jil qlqqqcl Yücxicqqqjicxl jlx Aqcjilxlqlqqqlx Ailjlxcqllxc-Dclxjxqxx qlliqqlc, jqxicclx Mxäqijlcc Zlixq Aqclx, Aixljxäqijlcc Zlxcqxj Dxq icj Aqijcqlqicäxcqxücxlx Müxqlc Qixqlx.
Djxq Zci cil Aixlxxiicic qül Alicql jcl ici cqqxi qc iölxi. „Qc ijxq lcx Ycijqcq lxl Ylxjxiciljxlxxlxjicqq Dcllcixliqcqq“, xccqx qcc Dxjxijxq Djqxiläxjlxiq Aqc. Acxqüilqjji jülljcqx lcii lxl xqxqqixlqlxqxilx Ylxjxiciljxlxxcxjxqxl Yjijjxxl ji xxjixl Zcclcqjc ljx Zxjxqcicxi ici Alicql. „Acxijqlcic lxl Dcjijcjixxläqqx jcl jccxl lxji clcßxx Aiqjxcxi“, xccqx xl. Qxxicqi icix ljxxxl ccji ljx Zlxjxilxjicicxqxjxli qül Acxqcijqlxilx lxcxqcäßjc qjxjccq jc Qcil qc xjixc clcßxi Ylqxiijx cxccjiq. Üixlicciq icix Alicql ljx Yiqjjjxqcic lxx Axixjixi jiixlicqi lxx Dciljxlxxixqljxix ji lxi Ajqqxqicixq xxjixl Alixjq cxxqxqqq. Qcqc qäiqx ljx Yjiljjiqcic ici YYZ-Yxcjiclxi, xcqqclxqqx Dxlcixqcqqcicxi jjx Zixcqxliclxqxqqcicxi ccq lxl Dclc Zxcjiqxiixlc qül Ajqcqjxlxixqljxix cil lxl Dciljxlxxlicqq. Yji Döixicixq lxl Acqxqxjq xxj ccji ljx 75-Qcil-Zxjxl lxl Ylxjxiciljxlxxlxjicqq cjq lxc lcccqjcxi ZQD-Dläxjlxiqxi Aqqc Yxiqqqxl cxjxxxi.
Acq cxqcicxi xxj xx ccji, ljx Dciljxlxxxcccxl xic ci ljx Yxjqx lxl Ylxjxiciljxlxxlxjicqq qc xqxqqxi. Yjiqjxßqjji jcl Alicql ijxqx Qcilx Ajqcqjxl jc Dclxqcil lxl Dciljxlxxxcccxl. Zcic jcl ljx Zjxqx lxl xcixqjcxi Yilxiäcqxl. Qcqc cxiölqx ljx Ajqclixjq ji Alxcjxi lxl Yqclq Mxjlxi, lxl Zcillcqxäcqxli, lxl Alixjqxccxiqcl, lxc Alixjqxxlxjx Yjicqx-Mjlqxjicqq, lxl Yjilxjixljiicic cil lxc Düilijx qül Zccjqjx. Djx ixcqx xxj Alicql xilxiccqqjjixl Ycqjcqljjiqxl. Zcxcccxiqcxxxil xqxqqqx Yjijjxxl qxxq: „Qc icxq jccxl lxjix ixlxöiqjjixi Dxqcicx qclüjxcxxqxqqq cil ljji qül lcx Dciljxlx xjicxxxqqq.“


text:
Ass-a n tlata 31 de wayyur n duǧember n useggas aneggaru n 2013, d imezdaɣ n Ireḥmunen di Dreɛ Lqayed di tɣiwant n Xerraṭa di twilayet n Bgayet.
S waka i bɣan ad d-jebden lwelha n imḍebren terza temsalt akke ad asen-d frun iyeblan-nnsen n yal ass. Ger iyeblan-ayi; asekcem n lgaz n temdint ɣer yixxamen, imi imezdaɣ-ayi ntern s waṭas degussan n tegrest.
C.W.
Bgayet:Imezdaɣ n Ireḥmunen belɛen abrid aɣelnaw wis 9
Ass-a n tlata 31 de wayyur n duǧember n useggas aneggaru n 2013, d imezdaɣ n Ireḥmunen di Dreɛ Lqayed di tɣiwant n Xerraṭa di twilayet n Bgayet.


text:
Ḍrant-ed qrad n tlufa tineggura yagi id-irran asirem deg ul n Marine Le pen, taselwayt n ukavar n uyeffus aqerni, Front National. Tasartit di tmura timagdayin tagra yagi tuY yiwen wudem imi iYevlan ittemlilin iYermanen nsent yiwen nsen. Ama d ugur iminigen, win umahil d tigellel kif kif iten di Marikan di Fransa neY di Llegliz. DiYen netta tifranin qemḍent ar uyeffus.
Tadyant tamezwarut d tifranin id-illan ilmend n tufYa n tmurt n Llegliz si tdukli tuṛufit. Yilen medden irkelli ur ittâeddi ara lvut agi n tufYa. Isesnqadd d isellaḍen n tsartit Yelden imi ulac win id-ikucfen ayen id-ifYen ar tagara. Ayen i umi ssawlen “brexit” izri am aman deg uqadus yerna ismed macci d kra.
Tadyant tis snat n tafran n Donald Trump d aselway n Iwunak idduklen. Taluft agi diYen tejja d teṛzeg i wid iYilen snen as i tsartit tikli. TeffeY targa mxalfa i Hilary Clinton imi iffeY-d lvut d win imalen ar uyeffus nezzeh imi timuYliwin n Donald Trump ama Yef tdamsa ama Yef ayen nniḍen zeyrent ar uyeffus.
Tadyant taneggarut is ifkan afud ameqran i Marine d tafrant n François Fillon d amezwar n ukavar les Républicains. Dagi daYen imi netta imal aṭas ar uyeffus gar imazwaren nniḍen am Alain Jupé neY Sarkozy. D aḍu nni uyeffus id ihuzen ula d agi di Fransa. Maca Marine teẓra imi François Fillon illa yagi d aneYlaf amezwaru asen tini i Irumyen ur ittveddil acemma imi zik ur iveddel iqih.
YuY-d ihi waḍu n uyeffus Yef tsartit ama di Marikan ama di Tuṛuft. Marine ara tettveggis deg iman is akken ad tt idegger uYref ar uqaruy uwanek n Fransa. Teẓiẓin issalen agi ak ineggura am yiṭij di tefsut. Wisen dacu ara d-inin Irumyen mi ara d-zzi nnuva nsen di tifranin n tselwit n 2017. Maca Yef udem n wassa izelmaḍen n François Hollande ssellawit nezzeh, diYen-netta ur ten tugad ara. Ma d iyeffusen, imi seg sen id-fruri tessen amek isen tetteddu. Azekka aY d-yerr awal.
Mack Ait Aoudia


text:
Christopher Nolan, netta d amari d amessufeɣ d amfares, zeg iwdan itteggen sini ittwassnen di Holywood, lexdayem-nnes i yewweḍ ad yegg smunent jar akritiki asebḥan d ttmenyat i dd-ssidfent. Ameknaw afilem n « Memento » d « The Prestige » d « The Dark Knight » d « Interstellar » d « Inception » d « Tenet ».
Ddegg-a n ifilmawen isebḥanen, min xef qqaren ca n imkritikan n sini, ila nitni zeg ifilmawen isebḥanen deg umezruy n sini, aked wami i dd-weyyent xirebbi n tsemɣurin, mani yura-asen asinaryu Christopher Nolan, igga fus-nnes deg usufeɣ-nnsen.
Lebda ttasent-idd tira n Nolan, msebḍant, tteggent iseqsiten, minzi iḍeffar ca n tebridin n tira wer kid-sent innum ula d ijjen, maḥend ad iɛawen imaynuten di tira, yewwi-aneɣ akid-s awerni i ikulisen, yewwec-aneɣ-dd ca n tfawin min xef ɣa-bedden inni ittexsen ad uguren di tira n usinaryu.
1. Ssen mani teggured ?
Lḥajet tamezwarut i yeqqar Nolan i inni ibeddan tira-nnsen, ixess-asen ad ssnen mani d mamec i zzag-sen ɣa-salant timslayin, cḥal mma asinaryu aqqa-t yekmer, cḥal mma iffeɣ-dd ɣer tudert deɣya deɣya. Maca di min iqqnen ɣer usentel, yettwala belli amari ixess-as ad yerzu x min t-yecqan, ad ibeqqec ula x isental i di llan iseqsan i t-iḍeffren netta s ixef-nnes, irezzu-asen x temrarutin.
Zi senni, ixess ad isseɛda ayenni s ijjen tebridt i dd ɣa-ijebden agdud, ad ten-tejbed ad xarrsen di lxedmet-nni igga umari, axmi bnadem ad isseɛda imezran-nni dag-s i yenniḍen, manaya mala bab n weḍris ula netta ttuɣa isstextux s imezran d min ittegg, xenni yinirji-nni ad uzebzeb-nni iccuren s imezran ad mmuttyen ɣer imezra, ad inin d tacwiḥt zi temsarin d umseksi illan x umizar.
2. Rzu x mindi tmeḥḍed
Min tessned ad tegged di tira ? Wa d ijjen useqsi ixess bnadem ad t-iwwec i yixef-nnes, ma cekk tjehded di ca n wanaw kṭer zi wenniḍen ? Tessned-as mliḥ i wemsawal ? Ma yetteɛjib-ac ad tallɣed deg wagg°ajen ifilusufen ? Niɣ tessned mliḥ ad txedmed x twafitin, ad tessrsed imursuten n dduminu ijjen awerni wenniḍen deg wakud-nnsen ?
Mala tufid timrarutin x iseqsan i dd-nenna, ataf ihwen bnadem ad yugur ɣer lxedmet i irezzu i dd-ittasen aked tzemmar-nnes, ula kṭer mala imun aked lxedmet-nni. Amarni itteggen afilem, ittxes s ixef-nnes ad t-izer am netta am ijjen zeg inni ittfurrujen, danita iqqar Nolan, qa lxedmet i ɣa-ittwaggen ɛemmers ad yili yehwa.
3. Egg igmiren i yixef-nnec.
Waxxa afabriki n ifilmawen ɣer-sen ca n tɛenkraf i ɣer-s iqqnen, maca qa tira wer ɣer-s bu igmiren, amari izemmer ad yari min ixes, ad issuref merra min illan ttrajan-tt zzag-s, s uɛawed n tḥuja niɣ s imitafuren.
Maca di twalat d icten, mala tḥajit aqqa-t deg ijjen umaḍal wer yelli ca lujik, niɣ wer nzemmer ad t-namen, maca amari ixess-as lebda ad issers ca n lqawaɛid i umaḍal-nni, ad tessusned agdud zzag-s, maca ad yili yehwen x-as a ten-yefhem.
4. Wwec i imerniten-nnec min ten-iɛerrnen.
Zi min dd-ijebbden ɣer tenfust, xmi i dd-tas teccur s teycatin, tettegg bezzez x wegdud ad isseḥḍar teycatin-nnes, ad iraḥ ad ibedd aked imerniten, danita xminni ttilin isegbaren iban min rezzun.
Nolan yettwala belli iwriken ixess ad ilin d tidett, ad ɣer-sen ilin imezran banen, rezzun x ca n ḥajet, tteggen ca n tmeslayt, maḥend agdud ad issers ixef-nnes deg wemkan-nnsen, ad ixarres s llujik n imerniten.
D aya i ten-ɣa-ijjen uylen ɣer tḥajit, ad ḍfaren timsarin s waṭṭas n wadrinalin, timsarin ittuqiɛent deg ufilem, ttuqiɛent minzi dinni min ten-ijjin ad uqɛent maci bab n lxedmet ixes amenni waha, aked mkul aksyu, amyag adrami ittraḥ ibenna ixef-nnes, iɛerren-it ɣer ijjen webrid d amaynu ixeddem timsarin.
5. ɣer-k ad tsared di tsarrawt n « wesrid » !!
Zeg ifayuten i nnumen ca n imariten tteggen-ten, xminni iɣeṭṭlen zi tiɣist n imezra, mani ca zzag-sen tterran iwriken qqaren i imzra nican min xsen ad ggen, uca ttɛawaden x imejjan-nnsen min rezzun ad ggen s ifruryen, mani ttuɣa amyag s ixef-nnes izemmer ad yini kurcci, xenni agdud ad yefhem min iɛerrnen iwriken.
6. Wer ttrekk°al zi ttecwiq
Amari ixess ad yejj lebda imezra d nitni iɛejb-asen lḥal, s uya ixess ad ibedd x ttecwiq, minzi netta d ijjen zi tutlayin n sini ig ixeddmen adrama, tḥeṭṭa rritem n lxedmet, d aya i yettilin xminni planu n lxedmet day-s ijjen uxelleṭ jar tigg°di, amnus, d ubarkikked, ittejjen bnadem lebda iqqim x tma n lkursi-nnes ar awal ameggaru.
7. Gg ijjen lxedmet ameknaw milfay
Ijjen zi liqtiraḥat i yetteɛjibent i Nolan, xminni tiḥuja n imariten ixess-asent ad beddent x ca n iwriken wer lli bu normal, ttɛicen ɣer daxel I yijjen umaḍal normal. Maca qbel ma ad tebdid tira, ixess imariten ad qqimen aked ixef-nnsen ad dd-rren x ca n iseqsiten ameknaw:
Min xef tettunuḍ tḥajit-nnsen? Min ɛnant timeslayin illan imerniten n tḥajit ttessnen ad ten-ggen ttexsen a x-asen arin ? Min cekk ittejjan ula bnadem-a day-s ca n tmeslayin wer llint deg umaḍal i di llan? Min xsen ad awḍen di tudert-nnsen? Min ten-icqan?
Merra manaya maḥend amari wer ittekk ḥidi ḥidi waha, ad x-asen issiwel x tzeqqa n tnefsiyt-nnsen, ixess tḥajit ad ɣer-s yili ijjen lallaɣ d waṭṭas izegnan imladafen, amenni ula d iwriken, min nzemmer ad t-nerni, xminni ɣer nerni cwayt n symbolism, niɣ ad nebda s tḥajit axmi neqqar ijjen twafit, aked kul awal ittwannan am ijjen uzgen d amaynu immerni i ufiṭu marra, illan wer ittkemmilen ar ɣa-tsala lxedmet.
Lbumba taɛeqqayant jar waṭṭawen n Nolan.
Ixess-aneɣ a dd-neydar ila asenfar n Christopher Nolan n sini i dd-igguren, i ɣa-ittwaggen assegg°as n 2023. Qqaren-as “Oppenheimer” I yellan d ijjen tberza s teyrawt, x uzellif-nnes Cillian Murphy, Robert Downey Jr, Emily Blunt, Matt Diamond d Kenneth Branagh d inniḍen.
Afilem-a d aklassi n tbyugrafit d drama tamezruyant, issawal x tḥajit n tudert n « Robert Oppenheimer » Afizyawi amirikani, bab n wenni iggin fus-nnes deg usemɣer n lbumba taɛeqqayant d usenneɛ n lesnaḥ aɛeqqayan amezwaru deg umenɣi amaḍlan wis tnayen.


text:
L’usage de tamazight dans les mass-médias en Algérie: le cas de la radio et de la télevision nationales
Date2016
Author
Ouaiche, Fatma
Enteghar, karima
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
Taywalt tesƐa azal d ameqqran di tmetti n umdan, ladaɣa di tutlayt, deg iseggasen-agi iƐeddan imeddukal nneɣ xeddmen anadi ɣef ayen yaƐnan aḥric-agi n taywalt s tilizri neɣ s radyu, ssawden add-afen aṭas n tucḍiwin i yellan deg tutlayt, ɣef waya-agi ineƐreḍ add- nadi ɣef uḥric-agi, maƐna ayen yaƐnan tiliẓri d radyu, neƐreḍ add- nadiɣef umkan n tantala taqbaylit di taywalt, akked ma yella wid iqeddcen deg uḥric-agi ttqadaren ilugan n tantala taqbaylit neɣ ala . Nefka-d turdiwin –a : - Tutlayt tamaziɣt tessƐa azal neɣamekkan d ameqqran di taywalt (radyu d tilizri).. - Tilizri d radyu ttqadaren ilugan n tantala taqbaylit. -Anekcum n tmaziɣt ɣer taywalt yegla-d s lfayda itutlayt n tmaziɣt. Ihi nebḍa axeddim- nneɣ ɣef ukuz (4) n yeḥricen : Ahric amezwaru nexxdem deg-s tasleḍt iwayen neɣra dwayen id-newwi si temkarḍit, nefka- d tabadut n ureṭṭal d wawalen ijdiden neɣ imaynuten i nessexdam yakan. Ma den tilizri g uḥric wis kraḍ nexdem tasleḍt n wahil n tilizrid radyu di Lezzayer akked afmiḍi n usexdem n tmaziɣt di radyu d tilizri. Ma d aḥric wis ukuz neɣ aneggaru nexdem deg-s tasleḍt tasnilsit i yeḍrisen n tɣamsa idnewwi si tilizri tis 04 akked radyu tis snat d radyu n Tizi Uzzu,ama deg ayen yaƐnan amawal,taseddast,tasnalɣit. Di tesleḍt n umawal newwi- d ɣef wawalen ireṭṭalen d imaynuten, ireṭṭalen-agi,sexdamen kra xas ma llan di tutlayt-nneɣ. A walen idd- reḍlen si tutlayt n taƐrabt: I neɣmasen n tilizri tis 04 wwin-d aṭas n wawalen si tutlayt n taƐrabt add-nefk kra n imedyaten: • Leqwanen. • nniḍam. • Lḥukuma. • Lufaq. • Mraḥba. Awalen id-reḍlen si tutlayt tafransist : • Yesstenya


text:
Tanfalit (tafyirt)
Tanaflit d yiwet n tefyirt tawezlant i d-yessevganen ayen ssaramen, neɣ ittmennin yemdanen merra neɣ wegraw ametti s-umata neɣ tudsa d tasudut iwakken ad awḍen ɣer s-iswi nsen, neɣ ad mmektin amezruy-nsen ameqṛan.
S araldik, tanfalit t skened daxel imrigen izamalen (armoiries), umata ɣef tasfift nnig aber, wannag tiɣra n lgirra ssersent ddaw is.
Kra n tinfalyin :
- Ad naṛṛeẓ wala ad neknu d tanfalit n Tmurt Lleqvayel,
- Tilelli, Tulut, Tagmat (Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité) d tanfalit n Fransa d Haïti,
- Illu akked azref iw d tanfalit n ugellid n Legliz.
- Tadukkli texdem tazmert d tanfalit n Biljik.
- Yiwen i akk, akk i yiwen (Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno) d tanfalit n Swis, lamanɛna ur tella ara d tunṣibt.
- Tasunḍa d Afara (Ordem e Progresso) d tanfalit n Brazil.
- S Illu n umen (In God We Trust) d tanfalit n Tamrikt.
- Ccfiɣ (Je me souviens) d tanfalit n Kebek.


text:
Tafunast n yigujilen
Tafunast n yigujilen neɣ Timyigranin neɣ Tikumdiwin (Assaɣ ussnan: Coccinellidae) d yiwet n twacult yettwassnen yeṭṭafaren tafesna n izinzer. Tettenfufud deg waṭas n yideggan n umadal s wugar n 5000 n telmas, ma deg umenẓaw n Temrikt tagafant ttwagelmen-d wazal n 450 n telmas.
Timyigranin ttwassnent s temẓi n ubleɣ-nsent s userwes ɣer twaculin niden n izinezren anda teɣzi-ines yettili ger n 1 alamma d 8 mm ma d initen-is d wid yemgaraden gar n uwraɣ d uzeggaɣ d umellal d uberkan amsulles. Yerna Gant d tinegmarin ilhan i tkerza acku tettent aṭas n telmas n tellicin.
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Allus n tudert[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Timyigranin zemrent ad ssersent igimen (luluf) n tmellalin ara ad yuɣalen sin akin d tiwekkiwin, yal talmest tezmer ad ttidir ger n 2 ar 3 n iseggasen. Dɣa amyaraw yettili-d deg tefsut d unebdu, anda i tessrusay tewtemt gar n 3 alamma d 300 n tmellalin s unect n telmest.


text:
Tutlayt
Tutlayt (amagut: tutlayin) nɣ d ils (amagut: alsiwn), tga tamunt n iwaliwn lli s ar ttnyalkamn middn gratsn, ar sis immal yan i yan mad ira ad t yini. Kraygat yan dars tutlayt nns taymmat, nɣ d ils nns amzwaru; awal lli mi issflid zɣ alliɣ d bḥḥṛa ilul, awal lli sis tsawal mas d babas d aytmas.
Iwaliwn ad n tutlayt ar nttiri ad sisn nssisfiw i wiyyaḍ mad nra d mad ur nri, niri gisn ad asn ssfldn, skrn sisn niɣ tn uznn i wayyaḍ. Kraygat tarabbut n midn ar darsn tettili yat tutlayt lli kullu ttrmasn ar sis ttaran d ar sis ttmsawaln gratsn.
Tutlayin ddrnin d tid mmutnin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tutlayt iddrn tga tt tutlayt lli s ttnyalkamn middn mi tga tutlayt nnsn taymmat, swa s tmiwant (=awal ka) nɣ s tirra, Iẓḍiṛn ula winna mi ur tgi tutlayt taymmat ad tt lmdn.
Tutlayt immutn tga tt tutlayt nna sul ur ssmrasn middn gratsn s tmiwant ula s tirra, d ur sul tgi tutlayt taymmatt dar awd yan, macc ar tt sul ssmrasn ɣ kra n igran drusnin zun d asgd, Talatint d Tqubṭit s umdya. Aynna ittajjan kra n mddn ad snyifn ad as ttinin tutlayt tazaykut. Tussna n tutlayin tizaykutin, s twisi ɣ uzraw n iḍrisn iqburn, tla tawuri slawann akkʷ ɣ tsnilst tamzrayt mknna tt tla ula ɣ umzruy d iẓlan nns dids izdin. Talatint d sTgrikt tazaykut gant tutlayin mmutnin macc lant atig mqqurn ɣ tdlsa tutrimt.
Iẓḍaṛ ad tili tlslalit (ad daɣ turri s tudrt) i tutlayin mmutnin, zun d mk lli ijṛan i Tɛibrit lli tt inn yadlli ikkan tmmut, ur ar tt ssmrasn wudayn ɣ tudrt nnsn takuyast, amr ɣ usgd.
azal n tutlayt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tutlayt ad aɣ igan d ufgan, nttat a s ar ttnyilkimn middn. iɣ nlmd yat tutlayt, ar nttamẓ yan ungraw uddis n tguriwin, tuṣkiwt, d tjṛṛumt, aynna aɣ ittajjan ad nttnyilkim d wiyyaḍ s yat tɣarast itturmasn. Tugtt n middn ar asn d tettacka tutlayt s yat tɣarast tagamant. ar nttlmad man imk s nttnyilkim dat ad niẓḍiṛ ad nsawal, kra s ar nttimɣur ar nttafa tiɣarasin s ntturar s tutlayt fad ad nṣku m'ad nra ad t nini s tguriwin d twinas tuddisin. ur ibidd unyalkam ɣar f tutlayt, macc ammaẓ n kra n tutlayt ar ittaws kigan ɣ tmhlt n unyalkam. aya iga yan zɣ isragn ggutnin nna ittajjan tutlayt ad dars yili wazal axatar. [1]
Azal n tutlayt ɣ tdlsa d wamun[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ar aɣ tettaws tutlayt ad nsnfali tiwngimin d isyafatn nnɣ, aya iẓli ɣar s ufgan acku tga yat tmamkt n usnfali n twngimin d tmyurin ɣ ugns n tdlsiwin d wamunn mzaraynin. s ulmmud n kra n tutlayt tabṛṛaniyt, nẓḍaṛ ad nrms tiwngimin nna s iẓḍaṛ ad tnt naḥya f tin tdlsa d wamun nnɣ. nẓḍaṛ ad nlmd timyurin d man imk s ttmyaggan mddn ɣ kra n wamun. da tettaws tutlayt ɣ uḥṭṭu n tdlsiwin, ar aɣ tettajja awd ad nssn uggar f wiyyaḍ, ndru disn tiwngimin nnɣ.[1]
azal n tutlayt ɣ tsbbabt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ur illi m'ad d igadda wazal n tutlayt ɣ yigr n tsbbabt. Iɣ ur nssmris tutlayt ɣ yigr ad, ur nenni ad nbḍu tiwngimin nssimɣur tnt uggar. Ig iyt almmud n kra n tutlayt tabṛṛaniyt nna s nẓḍaṛ ad nbḍu tiwngimin nnɣ d middn n tmizar yaḍnin, nɣ d ad ka nlmd manik nssmras tutlayt nnɣ bac ad nssimɣur tigmiḍi n udggi nnɣ ɣ kra n tmlilit n twuri, nɣ d ad nmsawaḍ d wiyyaḍ ɣ wammakn n unyalkam anamun.[1]
Azal n tutlayt i tnflit tanimant[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Middn akkʷ ar ttlmadn ad sawaln ɣ tfrkiwin mzaraynin, tẓḍaṛ trarit n taynit s kra n ubijju manakʷ rad issnti assmrs n tutlayt ad tg tamatart f mank s ittbuɣlu. macc aya ur da ittusnis ɣar f ibijjutn, ar ittusnis ula f tazzanin ttlmadnin kra n tutlayt tiss snat ɣ tinlml bla n talli sawaln ɣ tgʷmma nnsn, imtrag ttlmadnin kra n tutlayt tiss snat, nɣ d winna mu tjla tutlayt s kra n tmntilt mknna tra tg tt, irin ad tt id ssurrin.[1]
Azal n tutlayt i unyalkam udmawan[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Mqqar kigan n unyalkam anfgan ur illi s wawal -nẓḍaṛ ad nsslkm tiktiwin d isyafatn nnɣ ɣar s imussutn d tfras nnɣ-, macc tutlayt tla azal mqqurn ɣ unyalkam udmawan. ig iyt anyalkam d imddukkal, asmun, tasmunt, nɣ tawja, iqqan d ad tili yat tutlayt nna aɣ ismunn bac ad yili yan umyagga idusn.[1]
Tisɣan tisilanin n tutlayt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tasɣnt tadslant n tutlayt iga tt ussmrs n tutlayt, ar aɣ takka taẓiḍṛt n usnfl n tktiwin d isyafatn d wiyyaḍ. Macc nẓḍaṛ ad nssn tutlayt uggar iɣ nn nugga s tsɣan nns tidslanin yaḍnin.[1]
- Tasɣnt tanɣmast: Tasɣnt tanɣmast n tutlayt iga tt iɣ nssmrs tutlayt bac ad nsslkm kra n tnɣmist. Ɣ usala, tga tsɣnt nns asnɣms n wiyyaḍ acku tẓḍaṛ ad tasy tidt mklli tga.
- Tasɣnt tamssinit: Yat tsɣnt tasilant yaḍn n tutlayt tga tt tsɣnt tamssinit, ad yini umdan i wayyaḍ m'ad illan ɣ iɣf nns, isyafatn nns, tufrayin nns...
- Tasɣnt taswalant: Tga tsɣnt taswalant n tutlayt yat tsɣnt tasilant nna aɣ ittawsn ɣ uswala. S umdya, ar aɣ takka taẓiḍṛt ad nini i kra n yan ma rad iskr ɣ kra n tmntilt nɣ asurs ittufkan.


text:
Zeddɣen ayt bab n yiles n Kawésqar deg warxibil ameqqran n yeffus, mani wer ittif bnadem ḥa isemmiḍen d inuẓar d waḍu.
Taseḍma-ya n iɛezzaben sɛeddan azgen ameqqran n wass-nnsen di tɣerruba, ayenni ittakk°aḍen ttbeḥḥiren jar tɣezratin n Penas d tizi n Magellan, leɣwabi tizegzawi i dasen-yunuḍen, aqqa-ten ḥa rezzun x bellemri, iqqzinen n waman d ijḍaḍ d tleɣwin bac ad ten-ccen.
Irgazen-nnsen ttuɣa gemmren x tmurt (gemmren ula d tɣaydin n wezɣar ittwassnen ɣer-sen dinni), mamec gemmren x lebḥer, mani timɣarin gerrwent ajɣul xminni fettḥent, sekkant x yilem-nnsent s ddhen n bellemri.
Ameknaw wagduden imezwura izedɣen tnayen n Tmirikaniyin ca n luluf iseggusa zi mani, Ayt Kawésqar ttuɣa ɣer-sen iles-nnsen weḥḥed-sen, ttwaḥerzen ɣer ṭṭef alahsab tajiygrafiyt-nnsen. Manaya i daneɣ-ittejjan a nefhem mayemmi ɣer-sen 32 n tebridin i zi zemmren ad inin « da ».
Maca aked lweqt, wami i d-usin iḥewwasen ɣer jjihet-a zi tmurt n Chili i ttuɣa yettwassnen s Patagoniya n uɣelluy, agdud-a yeẓra ijjen ubeddel d aɛeffan: Maci ḥa s minzi umi semḥen di tudert-nnsen n tɛezzabt – lexxu zeddɣen di Puerto Eden, ijjen ddcar d ameẓẓyan I yellan x yeffus n Penas – maca semḥen ula deg yiles-nnsen.
Yedwel welmad n Tespanyut d ijjen tmeslayt uɣil zzag-s, cwayt cwayt ar mani wwḍen ɣer lḥal min di llan lux: Ass-a yalleh tmenya n midden i yessawalen iles-nnsen n tyemmat.
Rebɛa zzag-sen d iwdan d imeqqranen. Tlata zzag-sen d ca n iwdan i d-ilulen deg iseggusa n 1960 – yina ittwaḥsaben d tasalt tameggarut i ttuɣa yessawalen iles-a zi temẓi-nnsen – d ijjen nniḍen, i wer yellin ca d agmam zi jjmaɛet-a, issawal-it: Oscar Aguilera.
Ameggaru-ya d amrezzu di tesnilest (Ethnolinguistique), ɣer-s 72 iseggusa, ittegg tizemmar bac ad yeḥḍa iles-a ca n xemsin iseggusa zi mani, d nettat ittzemmam amawal, mamec ittzemmam ula imsawalen n ayt bab n yiles-a wa.
Awern-as, ijjen wegmam-nniḍen maci zi jjmaɛet-a issitem ad yelmed tajerrumt la d netta: d tasmunt n arrayes Gabriel Boric, massa tamezwarut Irina Karamanos.
Tameqqrant tafiminist, temsawaḍ aked Aguilera, maḥend ad terni zi tmessna-nnes x yiles-a. Nettat tettwala belli Itciliyen ɣer-sen ijjen tɣuri d “taneqsit” aked wegduden imezwura, almad n umawal-nnsen d ijjen tebridt i zi nzemmer a ɣer-sen nades.
Maca minzi i yettwassen iles-a? min ɛnant tiwessaf-nnes? Manis d-kkin iẓuran-nnes?
D manaya min xef i d ɣa nerr.
Man iẓewran n yiles-a?
Imesnilsen d imerzzuten lebda ttexsen ad rren x ijjen useqsi: manis d-kkin ilsawen n wegduden, min iɛna aẓwar-nnes n tidett?
Di lḥal n yiles n Kawésqar – am waṭṭas n yelsawen imezwura – tamrarut wert bin ca mliḥ.
Minzi d amezwaru netta d ijjen yiles “ittwaẓli” niɣ “wer imsettif ca”.
Manaya ixes ad yini belli wer yudif ca deg ijjen twacunt n yelsawen, ɛawed wer ɣer-s ca tɣuni aked ca n yiles yedder (Ameknaw Taspanyut, i d-iqqersen zi Tlatint, yettwaḥsab d iles d Arumani).
Umi netta d ijjen iles “ittwaẓli” xenni iqqseḥ maḥend a nessen manis d-kkin iẓuran n wawalen, tuska-nnes d tjerrumt-nnes.
Nettxemmem belli ayt Kawéskar zedɣen Patagonie n uɣelluy ca n 10.000 n useggas zi mani, zamul amezwaru ittwassnen n yiles-nnsen iban-d ḥa di 1688 d 1689, wami x-as d-issiwel amessebrid Afransis Jeane de la Guilbaudière.
Alaḥsab asalay Atcili n tẓuri, ttuɣa di lqern tseɛṭac, ila din ca n 4000 b midden i yessawalen iles-a.
Maca deg umeggaru n lqern-a, imezdaɣ i yessawalen iles-a hwan-d ar 500, zi senni 150 n yewdan deg useggas n 1920.
Ass-a nzemmer a neḥseb ca n 250 n ayt Kawéskar di jjihet n Magallanes, maca ssawalen ḥa ijjen yiles waha – ssawalen ḥa Taspanyut – wer das-ssinen ca i yiles n lejdud-nnsen.
Min ɛnant tiwessaf-nnes ?
Di twessaf timurfulujiyin n Kawéskar yejj-itt ad yerwes di Teturkiyt, ittsemma yeɛlem “iwalen, tiwinas d twennitin” i nesturjum ḥa s ijjen wawal waha s teglinzit.
“Wer nzemmer a naf ca n wawal, i “the table” s taglinzit niɣ “mesa” s Tespanyut. Di Kawésqar, ɣer-neɣ ca n wawalen am “jerkiár-atǽl” i yellan d ijjen wemyag i yexsen ad yini ‘anhezzi n waraḥ as-d n lebḥer”. D aya i yenna Oscar Aguilera i BBC Mundo.
Waxxa din ijjen wemsawaḍ n ayt Kawésqar aked ikulunen, maca ttagin ad qeblen ireṭṭalen zi Tespanyut. Ammu, saqaren-d iwalen d jjdid bac ad ssiwlen x ca n iparaṭuten i ɛelmen am (Ttlibizyu niɣ Tliffu).
Mamec i din ca n wawalen-nniḍen i d-immeksin zi Tespanyut maca ttwassidfen deg yiles n Kawésqar.
Ameknaw awal n “barco” i qqaren nitni d “Jemmase” niɣ “Wàrko”. “B” n tespanyut iṭṭef amkan-nnes “w”, minzi wer din bu asekkil n “b” di Kawésqar.
Zeg ijjen uɣezdis-nniḍen, din ijjen uɣezdis d adelsan, Alaḥsab Aguilera, “nemsebḍa ula s tebridt i zi nessawal”.
“Mala ayt Kawésqar wer ssinen ca min ixsen ad inin nican, wer t-qqaren ca. Sxeddamen lebda afadan (le conditionnel). Deg yiger adelsan, ttagin x ixarriqen d min wer illin bu d tidett. D manaya minzi txeddem jjmaɛet. Bu ixarriqen lebda sscanan ɣer-s s uḍaḍ”. Ammu i daneɣ-yenna.
Ɛawed, ayt Kawésqar, ɛemmers ad inin belli flan niɣ fertellan aqqa ilaɣan-asen-d zi Lundun. Mala wer ssinen mliḥ ila aqa aterras-nni ma zi Lundun niɣ lla (minzi wer t-tettwilin ca) uca ad inin “ad yili ilaɣa-ayi-d” zi Lundun.
Mayemmi iles-a ittwaḥsab di lxaṭar?
Minzi ḥa tmenya n midden i yessawalen iles-a, zeg yelsawen min xef ittwahudd anqaḍi zi Unesco.
“Amxumbel aqqa-t, ila midden wer ttwilin bu nnfeɛ deg yiles-a. Nitni ɣer-sen ad lemden Taspanyut niɣ Tanglinzit ḥsen” ammu yeqqar Aguilera.
Yenna belli umi Taspanyut teṭṭef amkan-nnes ameqqran jar imezdaɣ manaya ittɛqab ɣer tsebbabt i ten-issiwḍen ad jjen iles-nnsen ad qqimen ssawalen ḥa iles Aspanyu.
Aked manaya, yeqqar belli imezdaɣ ttacan belli ttwaferzen zeg imezdaɣ-nniḍen i dasen-d-yudsen am Ayt Chiloé (inni izeddɣen di tegzirt n Chiloé).
“Ayt Chiloé ttuɣa xezzren-d ɣer-sen s nnfaxet, ḍeḥḥken x-asen, x mamec i ssawalen iles-nnsen. S uya i yeggin wer ssiwilen iles-nnsen di berra, maca ḥa di taddart waha”. D manaya I yenna umessnaw-a.
Ddewla n Chiili waxxa amenni wer teggi walu bac ad teḥḍa iles-a. Ass-a, ilaɣiten ɣer usedder n yiles-a wer yekfi ca. Tamezgida n Puerto Eden, teslemmad Taspanyut waha.
“Qa din iwdan tteggen tizemmar bac ad lemden iles-a, maca wami wer ttsiɣin ca uca tteɛgizen, ɛawed, iles-a imsebḍa x tespanyut s waṭṭas zeg uɣezdis n tjerrumt-nnes, manaya irni isseqsiḥ zi tmeslayin”.Ammu i yenna Aguilera.


text:
Aqqa-t di 60 n iseggusa, 16 Mayyu 1960, tettwag tfawt n llayzer tamzwarut. Yercem beddu n ijjen wakud d amaynu, ass-a wer nzemmer ad nmeyyek x tatiknulujit-a. Bla zzag-s wer tettiri amprimunt. Ula d ikabliten n zzaj niɣ d lakiss (la caisse) di leswaq. Iger n sseḥḥet la d netta, Tinɛacin, tussna, d taṣennaɛt. Llayzer yedwel zeg iqedwaḥ wer xf nzemmer a naggʷej.
Maca mayemmi qaɛ tfawt‑a iqessen d leɛjeb anict uya?
Adu qaɛ rirat s tfawt, llayzer d netta izemmren i kulci. Muḥal ma yella ca n iger mani wer nesxeddim llayzer. Min t‑ittejjan izemmer i kulci? Beɛda beɛda carken tfawt n llayzer d tenni n llamba deg ict: s tnayen d iṣeḍya n Elektrumagnet. Tisfay (remwaj) ttemxebbaḍent qeyyuɛi di tfawt n llamba, ɣir ad seggdent ad durent d llayzer.
Tfawt n tfukt niɣ n llamba ɣer‑s ijjen tuzzegart n tisfay tewseɛ. Maca tenni n llayzer tettili deg ijjen iger yeḥṣer. Aṭṭas n yekluṣa n llayzer ɣer‑sen ijjen lmujet waha (monochromatic). Tisfay n llayzer tzebzibent x ijjen lmizan. Tifawin‑nnes ttemcebbant deg ict d tenniḍen. ɛawd ict nniḍen: Iṣḍi n llayzerwer ittiliw ɣar lagʷajt, am tenni n llampa.
Tirucac n Ifutunen ‑ xaf‑s i yebna llayzer
Maca mamek i d-itwaxlaq llayzer? ttiknika yeffren awarn‑i llayzer yessiwel xaf‑s s ttiyurit Albert Einstein deg usegʷas n 1917. Deg ijjen umudil n waṭum, ttmuttuyen iliktrunen s ijjen jjehd n yinirji x uɛeqqa. Mintra ttagwjen abrid‑nsen mintra yettmarni inirji. Inirji-nni itejja‑ten reqqen, melmi reqqen, ttagwjen x ubrid‑nsen deg waṭum (i yunḍen i wɛeqqa). Melmi ɣa dewlen ɣar webrid‑nsen, dellqen i inirji-nnes dag‑sen d zzyada, Inirji‑ya tteffeɣ‑dd d ifutunen.
Ḥima ad ttmun tfawt ɣa yeggen llayzer, ixessa ca n ḥajet ɣa yessiɣen iliktrunen‑nni ca n ḥajet ten‑ɣa‑yejjen ad dewlen deg ict twarat marra. ad tedleq i yijen Tirucac n ifuṭunen. Senslet‑a n usiɣ d usixwi n inrji, qqaren‑as Stimulated Emission, senni i d-yekka isem n llayzer (Lasel: « Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation“)
Theodore Maiman: llayzer n lyaqut amzwar (Ruby laser)
Amezwar yessarsen tatiyurit n llayzer di tidet, d Afisyawi amirikan Theodore Maiman di 16 Mayyu 1960. Yessexdem aẓru n lyaqut, i ceɛɛeɛ s ijjen llamba. Azru‑ya yeggit deg ijjen uqadus, i ɣa d-terra ijjen tisit ɣa ijjen jjiht marra tfawt. Jjihet nniḍen yejja‑t terzem maca tedla. Amenni ataf ifutunen wer tteggen llayzer, ad dewlen.
Maiman iṣenneɛ llayzer amzwaru n lyaqut, Maca wer das-rrin ca taynit i min yegga amenni. Lami yura twafit-nnes deg ijjen jjurnal, wer das-qbilen min din yexdem. Ar mani yesqad i yijjen ujurnal nniḍen, xenni das-tt‑sseɛdun. melmi i d-yeffeɣ artikel-nni di jjurnal di Ɣuct, Dinni i d-terra lbal dduniyt tamassant belli qa yebda ijjen wakud d amaynu di tussna.
Asexdem zi twezwizt ar lḥajet ymeɣren.
Di lweqt‑a wer yeqqim bu lyaqut di llayzer, llayzer qaɛ xeddmen s idioden (Diode). Xaf‑sen i yebna aṭṭas zi min nedder wer t-nettɛic, minzi kessin la d ineɣmisen cnaw zi CD‑Player, Lakiss, niɣ ikabliten imaynuten n zzaj.
Di tussna, llayzer ineffeɛ i leḥsab ɣa lagʷaj, Ḥima ad ḍfren min itmuttuyen yemɣer, niɣ ad ḥḍan iɛeqqayen imeẓẓyanen yeṭṭawen. Di trezzut tamassant, wer nzemmer ad xaf‑s nekkes. Ula deg wṣenneɛ d lxedmet: Ittqessas uzzal, isnuqqub, itcurḍer. Minzi tisfay-nnes, iyya ad dag‑sent triglid, ad tsaqared llayzer i ɣa ynefɛen, i lxedmet i texsed.
Llayzer icuq la d ajenna: zzag‑sen i wezznen isatiliten lagʷajet x ijjen wenniḍen, niɣ sqadan DATA. Amṣawaḍ n wanict (Quantum communication) zi tmurt akd usatilit yella zzag‑s. Deg unebdu 2017 yesqad-d ijjen usatilit d Acinwi 2 n llayzer ɣer tmurt.
ɣer ɛawd:


text:
Timzgida Tarumit Jésus Église
Timzguida tarumit taɣẓant ini Timzguida tarumit n Rbbi aɣẓan niɣd s "la vritable Église Jésus" s tinglizit "The True Jesus Church" tga yat timzguida tarumit ur itanean iḥtayan d li ituybnan ɣ beiling ɣ tmazirt n cinwa ɣ usggass 1917. tg tasmunt tmaynut tacinwit z wanaw n takristyanit taprutistanit lid ilun ɣu umzwaru ni isggasn 1900. timzguida yad tarumit tsmun 2.5 n mliyun n ufgan ɣ umaḍlan. Timzguida yad tarUmit ar tftu f yat tsrtit d yakka yan ixf iɣusn.
Mraw isqqumma liman gan:
- Ixf iɣusn
- Taẓalit
- Irid n tiqqar
- Tamunt iɣusn
- As n-sabbat
- Saydna eissa
- Labibl adlis n Rbbi
- Azul
- Timzgida taromit
- Tawuri nu aglid mkkurn


text:
D win i d aberreḥ n udabu n wuzzal n Houari Boumediène, acḥal d iseggasen : « Ad d-nesnulfu Azzayri amaynut » !
Di tmuɣli n udabu-nni (d win illan ass-a), Azzayri ad yili kan zun d izimer, ad iddu deg umrar n ukabar ‘’barbes-FLN’’ neɣ n yal isem nniḍen, ad iknu zdat n at ukaskiḍ, ad idder yettxayal accaren n srabes iffren (sécurité militaire/SM iḍelli, DRS, DCSI, atg…).
Abrid ilhan i yettwassen di yal tamurt : tagejdit tamezwarut n umdan, d tudert n tlelli di tmurt-is, akken ad ibedd d aɣarim/citoyen, awal-is/tafrent-is deg-s azal. Maca, tamuɣli-nni ur telli ɣur udabu ibedden si 1962.
Ass-a di 2022, ma nerra tamuɣli ɣer 1962, armi din i d-tuɣ aẓar. Ɣas mačči d alummu ɣef wid d-izwaren zdat-nneɣ ; nitni xedmen ayen iwumi zemren, ddren akken ufan di ddiq d tmara.
Tasertit iddan si tallit-nni deg usalu n taârabt-tinneslemt akked usekkak, tezwar terra Izzayriyen di rrif, kecmen annar n udabu wid yetturaren ray-ray, d ibandiyen, akken ad ḥekmen, ad xedmen ‘’les affaires’’.
Ma d amur ameqqran n Izzayriyen, kecmen deg unnar n ’’grève générale’’, am akken i t-yura deg udlis-is Abderrahmane Hadj-Nacer (2).
Udem amezwaru i d-yufraren si tsertit-nni n waâzal, d ‘’idles n ugudu’’ (la culture de la décharge et de la pollution systématique). Ɣur yal Azzayri, tebḍa tmurt ɣef sin, s talast ur nelli d talast : si tebburt n uxxam ɣer daxel/agensu, d tezdeg, si tebburt ɣer berra, d ayla n baylek, d ammus akked ugudu.
Di tɣermin anda teddunt temsal akken iwata, tuccar n udabu rẓant ayen illan, ur d-snulfan ayen ilhan.
Amedya n tiɣremt n At Isjen/isgen di Tɣerdayt : zik, yal yiwen yessizdig ayen illan zdat uxxam-is di yal tazribt/azqaq. Tiɣremt tettwassen d tazedgant. Yiwen wass, taɣiwant (APC n Bunura) tenna-yasen ad tbedd nettat s tezdeg n tiɣremt, ad teṭṭef ixeddamen n tɣiwant. Seg wass-nni d tawaɣit : d tirac n iḍumman di yal tiɣmert n tiɣremt-nni. Taɣiwant thudd ayen illan iteddu si leqrun d leqrun, taggara ur tebdid i tezdeg s ubrid nniḍen. Tuɣalin ɣer deffir ulac !
Amedya nniḍen, d anda ur tefri deg wallaɣ n yemdanen, ma d berra neɣ d agensu/daxel : bḍan sin watmaten taferka i d-iǧǧa babat-nsen. Yiwen ikker-as i wefras d wuẓẓu, d axeddim yal ass n wakal illan d ayla-s, wayeḍ yesmar deg umur-is akamyu n iḍumman n bennu (lyajur, lǧir d siman) akken ad ‘’imarki’’ ayla-s, zun mazal ur ikcim wakal-nni deg wallaɣ-is, d ayla-s tura.
« Idles n ugudu » deg idammen ?
Izzayriyen ur umisen, ur zeddigit nnig at tmura nniḍen n umaḍal.
Ayen illan ass-a (« état de grève générale », « état de désobéissance civile »), d tasertit n udabu i t-id-isnulfan.
Tanekra n Hirak n 2019 tesban-d udem amaynut : Izzayriyen ffɣen-d si tallit n temhersa (ordre néo-colonial interne et externe), tezdeg tella di tmurt ur tengir, Izzayriyen fkan-as azal i wayen illan di berra, ayen i ten-izdin, acku zran-t d tamurt-nsen.
Di yall tikli, imdanen sizdigen iberdan, ttqadaren ayen illan, ur terẓi tebburt, taḥanutt neɣ ayen nniḍen. D udem n tezdeg d talwit i d-yufraren di yal amdan di yal tikli, zun ikkes yidil-nni n wammus i yeḍlan i tmurt si 1962, s tsertit n néo-FLN, zun ikkes usekkak-nni n « Azzayri amaynut » i tt-ifkan deg ubrid n twaɣit.
Maca, mazal ur frint, adabu yellan ass-a, akken ibɣu ibeddel awal-is (discours), d win n yiḍelli deg uẓar-is, mazal-it yeqqim d win n « ḥed tnin ».
Akka, ar asmi ad d-yaweḍ waḍu amaynut, ad t-ikkes wakali.
Times-nni n nnger n 2021 akked 2022 tga zun d azamul ; ur tezmir ad ternu liḥala iseggasen d iseggasen ɣer zdat…
Aumer U Lamara
Timerna / Notes.
1) Di tallit-nni n tegrawla n tfellaḥt (‘’tewṛa ziraɛiyya’’ ,1972-1982), d ifesyanen imeqqranen, kulunil wa neɣ win, i yettaken laâqed n wakal ur nelli d laâqed iseḥḥan i yifellaḥen (titre d’attribution de terre agricole). D azamul ur neffir : tamurt n iserdasen at ukaskiḍ, Izzayriyen d ixemmasen-nsen !
2) La Martingale algérienne, essai, de Abderrahmane Hadj-Nacer, édition Barzakh, 2011. « nous reproduisons l’échec en permanence » (interview El Watan, 5/08/2011).


text:
Uklid neɣ Euclide, s tegrikt tazaykut Eὐkλeίδnς Eukleidês, iga amusnakt g Ugrik azayku, ar as bahra ttinin « bab n tenzeggit », iddeɣ iga amara n igmamen n tusnakt, nna s ttinin mas iga yan seg iḍrisen ɣef teẓka tusnakt g utaram. Ur d-ilkim awed yan uneɣmis izgan ɣef tudert n Uklid neɣ ɣef tmettant-nnes; iẓḍar ad yili idder g 300 d.l. Igmamen, tawuri-nnes bahra ittwassnen, igan yat twuri igan wala taqburt tettyissin, d nna isres s yat tɣarast tanegrawt, s ussemres n usseɣẓen, gan yan ugudi n tsumar ɣef tenzeggit d tesnemḍant; isseɣẓen dig-sen Uklid s tmeẓla 467 n tsumar g tenzeggit tugniwt. Ttyuskarent i twuri-a timaḍ n tfifɣin s kigan n tutlayin qqimen imahilen-nnes gan tasila i usselmed n tusnakt g uswir asinan g tugedt n tmura. Isem n Uklid a seg d-tedda awerzim aweklid, tanzeggit taweklidt (d taruklidt), tibḍit taweklidt.
TaseknudertEdit
Imahilen n UklidEdit
Timsektiyin d tsaɣulinEdit
Ẓer altuEdit


text:
Iḍelli deg tejmilt id-yellan i lmendad n wesmekti wis 27 n tmettant n Rachid TIGZIRI, deg taddert-is BUDAFEL n tama n Michelet, aselway n ukabar n wegraw i yedles d tugdut RCD, mas Muḥsin Belabbas, deg wawal-is n tejmilt yessuter smaḥ deg twacult n Rachid tigziri s yisem-is d aselway n ukabar n RCD imi, tella tatut ɣef yergazen yecban ameɣnas ameɣṛas Da Racid, ad yesgunfu deg talwit.
Deg yiwen yidis, nezmer ad nwali ayagi d tabɣest tasertant sɣur aqeṛṛuy n ukabar n RCD, acku Racid Tgziri ger wid i d-yessudsen akabar agi, ihi d lɛib ad tili tatut fell-as ladɣa sɣur imdebbṛen n RCD « …..armi d 2019 i d-mmektaɣ Racid Tigziri, imi lliɣ ttwaliɣ asebtar-inu n Facebook, yeɣli-d ger iufassen-iw yiwen weḍris n tejmilt i yura Amar MEZDAD ɣef Racid Tigziri, d tajmilt-nni i yislemden anwat mas Tigziri d wayen yella, d wanda i d-yefruri d wamek yedder… » d tagi i d tinigit n Muḥsin Belabbas, i yestɛerfen belli tella tatut ɣef wergaz agi muqqren deg kabar n RCD.
Yesḥassef Mas Belabbas ɣef usaḍuf n wemsameḥ i d-yellan deg 1999, anda ula d akabar n RCD yefka afus, imi d win yesselḥan lexdiɛ agi n idammen akk n wid nɣan isenselmen, nebla ma nettu akken tugett deg-sen d imagdayen iqerben neɣ yettekkan deg kabar n RCD.
D tidett akken ad d-iberreḥ yemdebbeṛ amenzu n RCD akken akabar-is yexdeɛ deg 1999, yesra i waṭas n tebɣest tasertant, maca, ur iɛedda yara fella-neɣuzaylal, neẓra belli d ameɛɛen i d-yettmeɛɛin ɣef uselway aqbur n RCD mas Said SADI, maca ur ixulef ara mejjir aẓar iḍelli n Said SADI i yettɣennin i yeqbayliyen belli isenselmen bedlen axemmem uɣalen d arraw n tfamilt, ass-agi d Muḥsin Belabbas i d-yerran isenselmen irebraben n RACHAD d arraw n tfamilt.
» …..Ar ass-a n wussan mazal neqqar-ed belli isenselmen d irebraben d wid umi umsen ifassen d idammen n imagdayen, maca ula d nekkni s imeɣnasen n tugdut nefka afus, imi d-nesberber s tatut i wid akk yettwaɣedren sɣur isenselmen, nxelq-ed tiyersi deg ul n twaculin n wid yettwanɣan sɣur isenselmen armi ugaden ad ssutren tidett ɣef tmettant n wid-nsen » d imeslayen qeṛṛiḥen i d-yenna mas Muḥsin Belabbas, maca nessaram ad yer aḍar netta d amenzu ɣef wesmeɛceq akked irebraben n RACHAD.
Ass-agi iqbayliyen ɛyan deg beṭṭu n ccifan-nsen, Ferḥat mgal Saɛid, Malika mgal Nadya, Muḥsin Mgal iqburen n RCD artaga artagar, deg baxix agi i d-ixelqen beṭṭu ger yeqbayliyen, d ayen yesfeṛḥen iɛdawen n teqbaylit ama d adabu azayri amhersan, ama d iɛdawen n tudert isenselmen n RACHAD, iɛdawen n teqbaylit dduklen i kunwi a leqbayel melmi i d tadukli ?
walit tuqqna yagi ma tram ad teslem i wawal n mas Belabbas