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ImaziYen bdan la d-ttkin i yiman-nsen. Ẓran anagar tira ay d amennuY yessufuYen, ukin-d seld leqrun n umennuY ur d-nettawi, “d lehdur n uqemmuc” am wabbu yeddem waḍu. Amazday Adelsan Itran n UzadaY Asdawan Aɛemriw Bougie, Yettheyyi-d aṭas n yisenfaren (projets) ara d-yeglun s lfayda i tira n tmaziYt. Gar yisenfaren-a, atan iger-d tiYri i wid yebYan ad lmeden tamaziYt,ttuheyyant-d ilmend-nsen temsirin n yiḍ, ara d-yettilin din deg UzadaY. I ugar n yisallen, rzum Yer din ad twalim. Gar yisenfaren-nniḍen, tiran n umezgun, tamedyezt, tullizin,…
Win yebYan tamziYt yaru-tt. Muḥend Uceɛban.
win yebYan tamaziYt, yaru-tt – Nouvel article
ImaziYen bdan la d-ttkin i yiman-nsen. Ẓran anagar tira ay d amennuY yessufuYen, ukin-d seld leqrun n umennuY ur d-nettawi, “d lehdur n uqemmuc” am wabbu yeddem waḍu. Amazday Adelsan Itran n UzadaY Asdawan Aɛemriw Bougie, Yettheyyi-d aṭas n yisenfaren (projets) ara d-yeglun s lfayda i tira n tmaziYt. Gar yisenfaren-a, atan iger-d tiYri i wid yebYan ad lmeden tamaziYt,ttuheyyant-d ilmend-nsen temsirin n yiḍ, ara d-yettilin din deg UzadaY. I ugar n yisallen, rzum Yer din ad twalim. Gar yisenfaren-nniḍen, tiran n umezgun, tamedyezt, tullizin,…


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Dzayer
Dzayer neɣ Lezzayer (azwel unṣib: Tagduda Tadzayrit Tamagdayt Taɣerfant) d tamurt i d-yezgan di Tefriqt Ugafa. Tamanaɣt-ines d Dzayer, tiɣremt ugaren tiyaḍ deg umḍan n imezdaɣ. Zgan-d di tilisa-s seg ugafa ilel agrakal, seg ugafamalu Tunes, seg umalu Libya, seg unẓulamalu Nijir, seg unzulataram Mali ak d Muriṭanya, ma s tama utaram tella tamurt n Uneẓruf Utrim ak d Lmeṛṛuk.
Dzayer, i yesɛan tajumma n 2,381,741 km2, d tamurt tamezwarut di temɣer di Tefriqt ak d tmura n illel agrakal.
Dzayer tewwi-d timunent-ines si tmurt n Fṛansa ass n 5 Yulyu 1962, mbed ṭṭraḍ icudden. Nettat d ameslad n Tdukli n Iɣlanen, Tadukli n Tmura n Tefriqt, d Tamdunt Taɛṛabt.
Di tmendawt n Dzayer yersa-d belli tamurt n Dzayer d tamurt tineslemt, Taɛṛabt d Tamaziɣt, d annect-a i ibennun tinekkit[Awal 1] n wegdud Adzayri.
Agbur
Aẓar n yisem[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Isem n tmurt n Dzayer yusa-d seg yisem n tmanaɣt-ines. Dɣa, caḍen isegziyen i fkan i yisem agi. Asegzi amezwaru yeqqared belli Dzayer yusad seg Alger, isem aɛewwaj arumi n yisem Alguère s tkatalant. Aneggaru agi yeffɣed si teɛrabt "Ǧazayer", isem i s-yefka Buluɣin mmis n Ziri (neɣ Dziri), win i d-ixelqen tadinastit tazirit ass-nni mmi yesekka tamdint n Dzayer deg useggas n 960 f agaluz n temdint taqdimt i yesɛan isem s trumant Icosium. Netta yefka-as isem n Dzayer at Mezɣenna. Asegzi-niḍen yeqqared belli isem n Dzayer yettwakksed si teɛrabt الجزائر (al-Djaza'ir), asget n جزيرة (Djazira) neɣ « tigzirt », acku Dzayer tella am tegzirt: yar uneẓruf d yellel.
Amezruy[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tislamit n Dzayer[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ass mi teɣli Rum, yrnan s-deffiris iwendalen, llan Ibizanten imidusen dacu yeğa i wakken ad ilin aṭas n tigeldiwin timaziɣin timecṭaḥ g Arris daɣen, kra degsent ugin y mir-id ussan inselmen jar 665 d 708, g useggas n 665, iɛraben ẓedmen i tikkelt tamenzut f Tafrikt ugafa armi (tamazɣa) g useggas n 683 yeṭṭef Ɛuqba n nafiɛ aḥelli. Cciln azbu n tageldunt Dihya, g aseggas n 708 uɣalen imaziɣen timdefirt maca ɣelbenten iɛraben, ihi ṭfen tamurt imaziɣen, yǧan ajjed nsen d tutlayt nsen igejdan.
Acu-t usxarbubec agi, nutni (At udabu) uran amezruy nneɣ s "la gomme" kunwi aɣ tesxarbubucem(t) da-gi, arut amezruy n tidet a yarrac nneɣ !
Taslekt tafransit[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tufad Fransa imerwasen n Bakri d Bucnaq d sebba f aken ad tekcem ar Dzayer s usagen n Sidi Freǧ g useggas n 1830
Tagrawla n nuwember[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ass n 31 tuber 1954 llan iserdasen idzayriyen sewjaden (ttheggin) i imenɣi, ggunin (arjan) ass n tatusant n irumiyen imi llan marra deg yiḍ netmaɣra, ttun iman-nsen, maca g idurar iserdasen wten (ssufɣen) tarṣaṣt tamenzut f 00:00, akka i tebda ( tekkmassa) tegrawla n ugdud i yellan ddau uḍar n temharsa (colonisation) n Fransa.
Tewwwi-d azarug -ines ass n 5 yulyu aseggas n 1962, tkecm-itt Fransa di yulyu n 1830 ass mi tella s ddaw n tecḍat n Turk taɛutumanit. Am wakken i s-yenna Ccix Muḥand u Lḥusin:
- Ikecm-ed Urumi di ṣṣif
Ad iffeɣ s ssif
Di ṣṣif
Qbel lexrif...
Tedda dzayer abrid yeččur s yisennanen tebda amezruy -ines g wass mi tegred tagrawla n umenzu n wember 1954 deg wedrar n Wawras, ymagred ass n tatusant lɛid (adriz) n irumiyen. refden-tt irgazen d tlawin am Ɛebban Remḍan, Ḥusin At Ḥmed, kolonel Uɛemran, Mesṭafa U Bulɛid, Muḥemmed Buḍyaf, Ḥasiba Ben Buɛli, Ferḥat Ɛebbas, Xiḍer, cadhen ismawen-nsen d ayen i d-fkan i dzayer.
Tarakalt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tamurt n Dzayer d tamurt tamenzut i meqqren akk ɣef timura n tigrakalin s tajumma ines, d tamurt tis snat i meqqren g timura n umenẓaw n Tafriqt, tesɛa tamurt n Dzayer g tama n wenẓul amur ameqqran nu unezruf ismis Sehra. deg ugafa, aṭlas atelli
Tarakalt tadeblant[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tebḍa tamurt n Dzayer ɣef 48 n twilayin, yal tawilayt tesɛa agraw aɣerfan f ixf nnes lwali. Yal tawilayt tebḍa ɣef asunen, yal asun yebḍa ɣef tɣiwanin. Tikkelt taneggarut i tetwabḍa dyes tamurt n Dzayer tella deg useggas n 1985.
Tamendawt n Dzayer n useggas 1963 tebḍa tamurt ɣef 48 n twilayin:
Tamawin d timselɣa[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Asegzi n wawalen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ Tinekkit: Identité.

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


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Sócrates | El hombre es capaz de conocer la verdad de superar la opinión elevándose al conocimiento de losconceptos, de lo universal. | Sócrates nos habla que el hombre es capaz de conocer la verdad por medio de conceptos y Marín nos dice que el hombre puede cambiar todas las ideas. |
San Agustín | El...
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S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S sS s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S sS s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S sS s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S sS s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S sS s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S sS s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S sS s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S sS s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S sS s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S s S...
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text:
Mass Patterson i yemdiwennin akked uneɣlaf n Yiweẓla iwerdaniyen, Abdelkader Messahel, ɣer tama n yimuhal n udiwenni aserdasan wis 8 azziri-amarikani, izul ‘’aswir n termit n Lezzayer akked tqacuct teṭṭef deg wayen yerzan amennuɣ mgal n tremɣa’’.
Ynna-d, deg yiwet n tseɣrut i tɣamsa deg taggara n udiwenni, asirem n Yiwunak Yedduklen yebɣan ad farṣen tarmit tazzayrit deg taɣult-a, akken ad ttekkin deg usɣelles akked userked deg temnaḍt akked umaḍal.
Seg yidis-is, Mass Messahel yezzwer azal tefka Lezzayer akked uselway-is Bouteflika i useǧhed n wassaɣen akked Yiwunak Yedduklen, dɣa amedhel deg taɣult taserdasant.


text:
Ibuddan i yizmawen
Ččcuren d ccɣel ineɣlamen. Deg uzal ilaq ad nadin tili i tiqerracc nsen tičinawiyin, deg iḍ ilaq ad ddarin i usemmiḍ igezzmen. Ɛinani sḥissifen mi ara walin ruḥen kfan yizmawen dahi akin deg igli. Ma deg ulawen nsen, sseḥsaben yal ass amek ara snegren ineggura i d-yeqqimen asmi ara wwḍen timssunin. Wid iḥercen qaren-ak yeshel maḍi ma teǧǧiḍ-ten ad ttwaṭṭfen di tfextin n talwit ; at tsertit qaren-as cuffet-asen kan aqendur, serwut-asen ddhubat teqqnem-asen snesla n uraɣ ɣef temgerṭ… tecbeḥ maca tezzem (acku wi ḥṣan s anga i yezmer lxiq a ten-yessiweḍ ?). Ma d imbuddan bɣan a ten-seččen s tedrimt n uwanak.
Mouloud Mammeri, La traversée,
El Dar El Othmania, Alger 2005, p.34.
Traduction Djamel LACEB


text:
Tasuqilt agi ur temmid ara. Ma ulac aɣilif, mudd afus di tsuqilt n umagrad agi si teglizit.
Anṣuf ar temnaḍt n ulmud MDN. Tagrumma-agi n imagraden iswi innes d amuddu n ufus i yineflayen imaynuten akken ad bdun taneflit web s tamusni akked isran akken ad arun tangalt i yesmal web fessusen.
Iswi n taɣult agi n MDN mačči iw akken aktawi seg «mezwar» ɣer «amazzay»,maca akyawi seg «mezwar» ɣer «amagraz» syina,tzemreḍ a ttedduḍ,a ttlemdeḍ ayen d yeggran deg MDN d iɣbula isuḍafen nniḍen iw akken ad aẓent deg tmusniwin tuzwirin.
Ma telliḍ d amezwar amatu,taneflit n web tezmer ak tiwɛiṛ-ur ttagwad aqlaɣ yid-ek deg surif agi ak-id nefk tallat d aṭas nniḍen iw akken attilliḍ tggarzeḍ deg leqdic-ik,am-akken deg waxxam-ik i telliḍ,ɣas d anelmad i telliḍ ig lemden taneflit n web (iman-ik naɣ tarbaɛt),d aselmad ig ttnadin afecku n tadala,d amaswaḍ naɣ d winniḍen ig bɣan kkan agzu n wamek i teddunt titiknulujitin n web.
Axatar:Agbur n taɣzut ulmad tella tmerrniwt ɣers yal ass..ma ɣuṛwen tuttriwin ɣef imaggayen i tebɣam attwalim yers naɣ ig xuṣen,sesten tigezmi sdaw-a Contact us iw ugar isallen ɣef wamek ara kwen nermes.
Ansi ara nezwir
- Amezwar ummid: Ma telliḍ d amezwar ummid iw snefli n web,nesmagel-ak a tezewreḍ deg leqdic n asekkar s uzegrir web,id yettakken tazwart tallilt iw snefli n web.
- Tuttriwin tulmisin: Ma ɣuṛ-wen tuttra tulmist ɣef t'neflit n web,tigezmi nneɣ n tuttriwin tezmer a wen-id yefk tallalt.
- Akkin i taffiwin: Ma ɣuṛ-wen ciṭ n tmusni,amecwaṛ id i teddun , iw lmad deg alulleḍ n HTML d CSS : bdut s uzegrir nneɣ n tazwart ɣer HTML u attdduḍ ɣer tazwart n uzegrir CSS.
- Zeggret ar ScriptMa leqdic-ik ithedden deg HTML ed CSS daɣen,naɣ ahat tebɣiḍ asettengel,tebɣiḍ attzegger-eḍ ɣer JavaScript naɣ taneflit ɣer yidis uqeddac.bdut s tazwara n JaYaScript d izegrar imezwura n yidis n uqeddac.
Tazmilt: Amawal nneɣ yettakked tibuda n wawalen.
Tazmilt: Mara nesissen ugar ifecka n walmad azadur deg imal.umuɣ nneɣ «Afecku n walmad yuẓan» ɣef zelmaḍ ibeggned afecku nniḍen n walmad deg MDN,ɣas ayagi ur yekki seg taɣult n walmad,maca dayen i wulmen..
Random glossary entry
- Tanekcumt
- Tanekcumt Web (A11Y) tesdewel refers to best practices for keeping a website usable despite physical and technical restrictions. Web accessibility is formally defined and discussed at the W3C through the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI).
Nermes taɣ
Ma tebɣam aɣ t'anermesem ɣef kra n tɣawsa,ayen yelhan d akken aɣ-id ceggɛam izen ɣer wumuɣen nneɣ n tanezgwit naɣ ibuda IRC.nebɣa anẓar sɣuṛ-wen ma yella wayen i twalam anezri naɣ ixuṣ kra deg asmel,tuttriwin n imeggayen n ulmad imaynuten,tuttriwin n tallat s iferdisen ur tegzim ara,naɣ ayen nniḍen.
Ma yella teɣdefeḍ ad fkkeḍ tallat iw snefli / asileɣ n wagbur,walit amek ara tallatem u snermes-taɣ!aqlaɣ nekelwi awen-id nemeslay,ama d anelmad,d aselmad,d sneflay n web yesnen naɣ win nniḍen yeteɣdefen deg sileɣ n tarmit n walmad.
Join the Learn community
- IRC: #mdn (learn more)
Wali daɣen
- Codecademy
- D asmel asdawan i fazzen aṭas iw lmad n tutlayin n usihel seg ilem.
- Code.org
- Tiszri d talilt n asenttengel n taffa,asmenzawi iw arrac / amezwar.
- FreeCodeCamp.com
- Asmel asdawan s iṭuṭuryen d isenfaren iw lmad n taneflit n Web.
- Takarḍa n asgemmay
- Iw asgemmay ɣef amessakwel d timusniwin 21tasut,iɣ yettaǧǧan daɣen anzgger ɣer leqdic uselmed yettwafernen s taggayt.
- Armud usegmisen
- Amazrar n tirmudin iw selmed (d ulmad) id yesnulfa lsas Mozilla,ig sdukklen meṛṛa,seg asgemmay n web uzdir d tudert tabeḍnit ɣer JaYaScript ed usɣendef Minecraft.


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Iswi1 : Tukksa n tigellelt deg umaḍal, akken tebɣu tili talɣa-s.
Iswi2 : Tukksa n laẓ, aḍman n lɛula, agerrez n uqewwet d usnerni n tfellaḥt timezgit.
Iswi3 : Aɛemmed i yak medden ad idiren di tdawsa yelhan d tilin iggerzen, kra ara tekk tudert-nsen.
Iswi4 : Asiweḍ n yimdanen akk ɣer usegmi ifazen war maḥyaf gar-asen d tikci n tegnatin n
ulmad, kra ara tekk tudert-nsen.
Iswi5 : Asiweḍ ɣer useɛdel gar urgaz d tmeṭṭut akked tikci n tmunent i tlawin d teqcicin.
Iswi6 : Aḍman n usafar n waman d tezdeg d useddu iwulmen s ddwam n teɣbula n waman.
Iswi7 : Asiweḍ n yak iɣarimen ɣer yimeẓla n ṣṣehd atraren imezgiyen s ssuma iwulmen.
Iswi8 : Ibeddi ɣer usnerni n tdamsa d usuget n temrest i d-yettarran lɣella idumen d uxeddim yessalayen ccan i bab-is
Iswi9 : Ibeddi ɣer lebni ireṣṣan d usebɣes n usnulfu, asnerni n temguri tamezgant d usili n
ttawilat idamsanen-nniḍen ara d-yawin abaɣur.
Iswi10 : Asedres n maḥyaf di tmura n umaḍal d usedres-ines gar tmurt d tayeḍ.
Iswi11 : Isefk timdinin akk d yimukan yettwazedɣen ad ldin tiwwura-nsen i yimdanen, yessefk ad ttwasɣellsen, ad ttwaḥerzen s ddwam.
Iswi12 : Asbeddi n yimudam n tsadurt d ufares ara yeqqimen d imezgiyen.
Iswi13 : Tiririt n talast s tɣawla i unbeddel n unezwi d twaɣiyin is-id-igellu.
Iswi14 : Aseḥbiber d usefres amezgan n yigarawen, illelen d yak tiɣbula n yillel ilmend n tneflit timezgit
Iswi15 : Aseḥbiber ɣef twennadṭ d uwenneɛ-is s yibeddi ɣef usefres-ines amezgan, aḥareb ɣef tẓegwa d ibeddi mgal asnezref n tmurt, aseḥbes n ssix n wakal d tukksa i lebda n uzlaḍ n tudert d usenger n kra n ccetlat timuddirin.
Iswi16 : Aslali n tmettiyin n talwit ara yeldin tiwwura i tneflit timezgit, aḍman n teɣdemt i yal yiwen di yal aswir n tudert d usali n tsudwin tinezmarin ara isufen s yiɣarimen.
Iswi17 : Aseǧhed n ttawilat ara yezdin tallalt deg umaḍal ilmend n tneflit timezgit tuzmirt tamuddirt.
Télécharger les Objectifs de Développement Durable - en français


text:
Awařen i igguren ad weddren deg iyyar n Tmaziɣt
Aṭṭas n wawařen n Tmaziɣt n Arrif i igguren ad weddaren (1). Imentiřen (oorzaken) n uweddar ǧan s waṭṭas. Din awařen tmettan, din awařen aqa ayen mmarsen x tma n uweddar, aqa din awařen neqqen ixf nsen (zelfmoord, tunɣiman) xmi war ttifen wi iten i ɣa yidaren. Ntaff x iɣezdisa nneɣni iřes n tyemmat itejja amcan i yiřes n midden. Imezdaɣ n Tmezɣa amecnaw imezdaɣ n Arrif, war ɣarsen ca amawař d ijj. Aynutlay (eentalige) war issiwiř ca amecnaw asnutlay (tweetalige). Wenni issawařen aṭṭas n yiřsawen (tagtutlayt), iřes nnes itiři yarwi aṭṭas ak d wawařen n midden, war izemmar ad yiři amecnaw wenni turu yemmas deg Ijwawen, war iffiɣ war yudif tammurt. Din tignatin (situaties) mani nzemmar ad naff amawař n Umaziɣ iccur s umawař n midden. Manaya war iǧi d amnus imɣar minzi tagřanzect simant nnes tarḍer-d awařen zi 130 n iřsawen waxxa nettat d tutlayt n umaḍal u n ddunect. Min iqqimen nneɣni, Tmaziɣt n zic tuɣa tennuɣ ak d waṭṭas n tutlaytin amecnaw: tabuniqect, tamiṣrect tawessart, tagrigect, talatinect, taɛrabt, tafransist, taseppanyut.
Min yarenyen beṭṭu n imawařen jar Tmaziɣt d Tmaziɣt, ad idareɣ 2 n imertiřen: (a) adaf n Imseřmen ɣar tmurt n Tmezɣa, (b) d midden i d yudfen ɣar tmurt n Tmezɣa tuɣa msebḍan, manaya ntaff it s usedmar (vergelijking) n Tmaziɣt di tmurt n dzayar (areṭṭař zi tefransist) aked Tmaziɣt n Arrif (areṭṭař zi tseppanyut). Manaya itejja imawařen gguren taggʷjen ijj x wenneɣni. Ambsebḍi jar imawařen n Tmaziɣt ntaff it uřa (daɣen) deg wawařen i d itwareḍřen zi taɛrabt; manaya ixes ad yini aqa awařen n taɛrabt i yeǧan di Tmaziɣt n Arrif war ǧi simant nsen d yinni i iǧan di Tmaziɣin nneɣni. S wesquḍeḍ n wawař, xseɣ ad iniɣ aqa waxxa twareḍřen-d wawařen zi tutlaytin n midden, tɣiman ḍaffaren tajerrumut n Tmaziɣt amecnaw da ɣar zzat: Am+sɛi, im+sɛan=imesɛan, am-suwweq, im+sewqen (imsewqen), am+hruc, im+hrac (imehrac); tamsisist n wawařen n taɛrabt xmi tadfen ɣar Tmaziɣt, ntaff adan nsen ḍarnen, udem nsen iweddar.
Řexxu, ad isiɣ ijj n umedya (voorbeeld) zeg umeṭṭaf (arradyu) n Tmaziɣt n Umezɣan (lmeɣrib):
“ tasen-d ɣarneɣ da ifeǧaḥen g ijj n lḥaqiqa ndarren u neṭṭalab bi nnisba i lɣurfa lfilaḥiyya d lwizara n lfilahiyya..n lfilaḥa ad texẓar ifeǧaḥen ɛla asas bac a sen iwqeɛ…a sen iwqeɛ …ijj n ..li anna.. ad iwqeɛ wa llah uɛlem bi ɛilmi llah …ḍaruri ad negg ijj n littifaqiyya a negg fus g fus akd lfilaḥa, akd wizara n lfilaḥa bac a nenqed ci ḥaja lmewqif n gg iǧan.”
Marra awawřen i da sennej immarsen x ukezzazay (acariḍ) tɣiman d awařen n midden. Min iqqimen d awařen n Tmaziɣt? iqqim drus, drus aṭṭas. War ǧi xseɣ ad zeɣneɣ wenni innan awařen-a sennej, xseɣ ad iniɣ aqa din awařen n Tmaziɣt qqimen ad zzeɣřen (weqqḥen) tfuct.
Di tidett, aqa din awařen war ǧin di Tmaziɣt minzi war qqinen ca ɣar tusna nnes. Di tegnatin-a, ad ten nejj amenni niɣ ad nurzu ad d-nejj awařen d imaynuten (neologie). Da swadday ad idareɣ drus n wawařen i iǧan di Tmaziɣt, waxxa amenni ntegg deg wemcan nsen awařen n midden. S manaya xseɣ ad iniɣ s weḍfar n tiɣit n midden mani ɣa negg tiɣit nneɣ? Mařa neḍfar tiɣit nneɣ xenni ad taff tsekfasen i yinni iqqaren aqa Tmaziɣt war teǧi d tutlayt nni ibedden x iḍaren nnes.
Awařen n Tmaziɣt awařen n taɛrabt di Tmaziɣt
amzil/amziř aḥeddad (imziřen=iḥeddaden)
anebdu/tafsit arbiɛ
abduz bit-lma
abra/ibrawen řeqfar/řeqfur
afran lixtiyyar
agaraw lmuḥiṭ (agaraw n watlas, lmuḥiṭ l-aṭlasi)
agellid lmalik
ageldan lmuluk
agerruj (igerwaj) řkenz, řeknuz
acengu řeɛdu (azenǧu-izenǧa, Touareg)
aɣiř jjehd
s uɣiř b-ssif/ s jjehd
s uyen/s uyenni ɛla xaṭer
aɣřif lwizara
aneɣřaf lwazir
anersam lḥellaq, aḥeffaf (Ar.)
agmam lḥeyy
akud řweqt
amqun ittiḥad (confederatie)
amettar ṭṭařeb
amezray lmu’arrix
amezruy ttarix
amsaggur cahriyyen (am s ayur)
amsas yawmiyyen (am s ass)
amsugʷas sanawiyyen (am ass deg wass, kuř ɛam)
abaran lbabbaɣaa’
acercur cellalat
addad lḥala
adday qel (minimum)
addud lmewqif
adeg/ideggen amcan/imucan
aferci řḥimeẓ
afran řixḍaret
agdud/aydud cceɛb
agermam/ayermam buḥayra
agemmar asiyyaḍ (igamer/iymar)
agennay axeyyaḍ
agenzu mutaxallif
agenjuj řeḥřeq
aggař lmuqaṭaɛa (boycott)
agmam lḥiyy (akwartir)
agni/igna lmuckil/lmacakil (tiɛenkrifin)
ajris/agris ṣqiɛ
aqzin/aydi aqṭuṭ/qṭuṭa!
anemsar rciɣeḍ n wanzaren (řkiɣeḍ n wensar)
aǧi (alli) řmux (alleɣ/illaɣen)
amadaf lwuṣul (imadafen/arrivals)
amadar/imadaren zi ssensřet (ssulala)
amaraw/imarawen řjedd/řejdud
tagrest/tajrest řmecta/ccetwa
amaris/amwan řexrif
amawař lmunjid
arradyu ameṭṭaf
amezɣan ameɣrabi
almad/ařmad/alemmud tteɛlim
amzenzu atijari
amẓiw lɣul
tamẓa lɣula
anemẓaw (igga am) řweḥc (= d anemẓaw)
amɣim řkursi
amtawi littifaq
ayer ɛelleq
ayem kebb, fareɣ, ferreɣ
amazuf (ezzef) aɛaryan, d aɛayan
anaraǧ ajjar
azduɣ lmaḥal
tmarnit zyada
tidett lḥaqiqa
tamesmunt ljemɛiyya
timesniyin lmuwaṣalat
tamettant řmewt
taxxamt n tnezzawt lɣurfa ttijariya
x uɣezdis ila jaanib
izmer imken, iqdar
iyzem ijaḥ (ijarḥ)
iẓẓed iḥri
izɣeř iḥma, (sezɣeř-siḥma)
tasusmi skat
gnu xeyyeḍ
tazraft afenjar n teḥrirt, (tazlaft n traxt tuɣa teggen dayes aɣi issenden
taydurt marmita
tangult/tinuggʷal tarta
tifrit taḥfurt
tisit řemrayet
muzzur/imuzzuren ɣurḍu(gordo)aqebbuz-iqebbuzen
miẓa/imiẓan/iẓa idqeř/dqeř
ucci lmakla
azeqqa lehri
řweqt azmez, akud
tiɣawsiwin lmasa’ill
taqlalt? ineɣ n řeḥřeq (huig/uvula)
takasit řwart
andrar/annar lmelɛeb/ (andrar n tcamma)
aṭṭas, abaru xar-rebbi
izdeg iṣfa
seřmed sɛellem
tizemmar lqudra
Awařen s Tmaziɣt Awařen n Tefransist
affar lgazon
amarwas lekredi (credit)
amesnay acifur (chauffeur)
amesni transport
timesniyyin lmuwaṣalat
timezrarin lmakiyaj
amsegdař lkask (le casque)
anarad lavabo (el fregadero)
agnir-ayennir Lkuloir
Awařen s Tmaziɣt Awařen n Tseppanyut
Amnay caballero
Anaẓur artista
Amzenzu amarkanti
anggaf azma (asma)
areg, arrag (arr+egg) wardi (orden)
timesḍawt/timesḍiwt subasta
tafrit krema (crema)
tangult/tinuggʷal tarta
Annay aneggaru, din ca n wawařen n Tmaziɣt qqaren ten inni issawařen iḍa taɛrabt, din awařen s taɛrabt qqaren ten inni issawařen iḍa Tmaziɣt, amecnaw: asarut/tasarut (řmeftaḥ). S umarni, din awařen s Tmaziɣt daysen assar, iwdan war ten sseqdacen (gebruiken) di tudart nsen; amc nniɣ sennej twaggen i wezɣeř (aweqqeḥ) n tfuct! amecnaw tafuɣalt (= smal gebied), afuɣal (plateau), afɣuř (abuhaři niɣ ijj iqfeř), imzuren (iɣurḍuten). Manaya ixs ad yini aqa Tmaziɣt- s wawařen nnes- ɣares agdaz (zelfvoorziening) deg wazzay n tesnilsit. Waxxa iqqim aṭṭas n tennayin di tusna ‘n wawařen i ggur ad weddaren’, ad asent negg adeg deg wemsawaḍ nneḍni.
1 Niɣ amecnaw:
Min tfurrujed? Tfurujeɣ gi lmuselsel n baaiɛatu lward!


text:
Lounès Matoub
Ayen yura ur t-yecni
Ma yella yakan win ur nessin Lounès, asmi ara yedlu ɣef wayen yecna d wayen yesɛedda n lḥif ad as-yini amdan-agi yedder azal n 100 n yiseggasen. Amek ihi, ur iwehhem ara umdan ɣef ugerruj i d-yeǧǧa ɣas akken yemmut d ilemẓi ! Ulac tamsalt ur yesqerdec, ulac taluft yekbel, yeskfel-d akk ayen akken izedren. Amennuɣ-is d aɣenja di tasilt, yessali-d kullec. Deg uḍris-agi, neɛreḍ ad d-nawi kra n yisefra yura, maca iɛdawen n tudert cleqfen leɛmer-is uqbel ad ten-yecnu. Ihi, di tefsut n 1998, kra kan n wagguren uqbel ad yemmet, yuzen kra n uzabuq i widen yenwan kelxen i yemdanen.
Yenna deg usefru nni :
Rriɣ-d nnehta n yefker :
Leḥnana teffeɣ-iyi iri
Qecɛeɣ-tt, d ayen ur d-tettezzi
Imi ulac win inefɛen wa
Nemseɛraq, beddleɣ lewhi
Ɛecqeɣ, teɛceq deg-i tḥerci
Cebḥeɣ-as d isli i lebda
Ma d kunwi ideg yeqqaz lebɣi
Wi ifuden yeddu ar tala
Kra yecna, kra yessefra, imeslayen-is d wid n umɣar azemni. Ččuren d lemɛun, ssawalen i tegmat d useḥbiber ɣef nnif. Yakk yenna ɣef Ɛebban, yessefra ɣef Krim, yecna ɣef Boudiaf.
Dɣa, yettkemmil deg usefru-agi i d-nebda, ɣef lqima n urgaz, yenna:
Mi iɛedda zzhir n twaɣit
Deg yiziḍ teḥbes tsirt
Jbut-d ad d-yemmir uwren
Argaz alamma lmut tewwi-t
I wen-d-tettban tsenṭit
D wakal wi s-ibedden
Tettzuxxum ɣef tjaddit
Nnif yefsi deg yifassen-nwen
Asmi ara ffɣeɣ si ddunit
Γef uẓekka-w xas serset-ten
Lounès, ad fell-as yeɛfu yerḥem, yedda d ubrid imeɣban. Γas akken nniyya-s tessaweḍ-it almi yecceḍ mi akken yeḍfer ikabaren n tsertit. D tidet, yedda, acku yeḍmeɛ ahat ayen i d-qqaren ad xedmen deg unnar, ad ssuzfen lḥif, ad nfun lbaṭel. D acu kan, s kra n win iwumi d-mɣin wafriwen, ad yettu anisi i d-iɛedda. Γef wigi, yenna deg yiwen n usefru iwumi isemma :
Nemselḥa-d almi d ass-a
Lmeqsud-nwen iban
Kif kunwi d wid i-tt-yeɛran
Tnekkrem ṣṣef n yimeɣban
Tuḥwaǧem-aɣ kan di lbuṭ-nni
Yella uzekka yella uẓekka
Yiwet n tikelt mačči snat
Ur wen-ttɛeggineɣ ara
Asmi ara ken-id-teṭṭef tmaggart
D ayen ihi i-t-yessawḍen yebra i leqdic daxel yikabaren, imi yeḥsa ulac fell-asen ttkal.
Γef aya, yenna :
Yemma i ɣ-icerken temmut
Acu i d-yeggran a xwali
Si tura ay bdiɣ tettuɣ
Uẓar necrek zik-nni.
Lounès, ma nezzi s ayen yecna, ad tɣileḍ yeẓra acu ara yeḍrun yid-s. tizlit-nni : Ass-agi lliɣ, azekka wissen, d licara n wamek ara yemmet ! yecna ɣef terga, d tidet yeẓẓel di terga. Ula deg usefru-agi ur yecni ara, yemmeslay-d ɣef lmut am wakken yesraḥ-itt tetteddu-d ɣur-s, yenna :
A leḥḥuɣ, ttagadeɣ
D ayen ad nefleɣ
Anda akken ǧǧiɣ tacriḥt-iw
Tikelt-a deg-s ma brettxeɣ
Ur d-ttensareɣ
Ad ruḥeɣ s lqedd-iw
Ayen akk ɛzizen ḥemmleɣ
Deffir ad t-ǧǧeɣ
Imi d nekk i d axsim-iw.
Tekcem-it tugdi, imi iwala lmut tewweḍ-d ɣer umnar. Netta yettnaɣen, yettqabalen sin yiɛdawen: adabu amesbaṭli yeṭṭsen ɣef yizerfan n ugdud Aqbayli, d yirebraben ibegsen ad xlun tamurt. Tezdeɣ-it lmut ula di tnafa. Ikemmel deg usefru-agi, yenna:
Tarwiḥt atta ɣef ssebba
Ur gganeɣ ara
Ttewḥiceɣ ad d-yeḥḍer yiḍes
Tezdeɣ-iyi lmut tirga
Nnehtat, tawla
Aberḍi-w ay d-iteqqes
Tikelt-a tesɛeb tnekra
Unfeɣ i lmeḥna
Tudert ad tt-id-tesseɣras.
M. Smail
Ttwakksen-d yisefra-agi seg udlis
Lounès Matoub, Mon nom est combat de Yalla Seddiki
revenir à la rubrique « Tamazight »


text:
Taddart n Lqalus tura trab.Qqaren asmi-tt mazal tebded, yella deg-s yiwen uḥeddad yesea cci, yerna Yur-s tameṭṭut tzad di ṣṣifa.Yiwen wass qqimen kra n lYaci la heddren di tejmaɛt, inṭeq-d yiwen yenna-as :
-Lemmer ad iyi tcehhdem, ad-kkseY i uḥeddad tameṭṭut is.
Nnan as: – I kecc s leaqel ik?
Yenna-asen: Ṛeggemt iyi kan ar ad yi-tcehdem. Ṛeggemn-as( weɛden-as) .
Iruḥ ar tejmaɛt n ccrae,yenna-asen:
-SliY i uḥeddad yebra i tmeṭṭut is n tlata fi tlata.
Ihi yekks as-tt ccrae. Aqli nekk bYiY ad tt-aYeY.
Nnan as : – D lmuḥal !
Yenna yasen 😀 ayen ẓṛan medden .
Nnan as : -Awid inagan .
Iruḥ yewwi-d inagan widen akken i as-iṛeggmen di tejmaɛt. Cehden as. Tajmaɛt teḥkem tennebra tmeṭṭut. Truḥ. yuɣ- itt urgaz-nni. Yer taggara uYalen armi kksen i uḥeddad ula d tiferkiwin is.
Tella di taddart n Lqalus yiwet temYart tegra-d waḥd-s, ur tesei ḥedd. Tewwḍ-d tefsut; bdan medden la teffYen Yer tferkiwin-nnsen. Ala tamYart nni acku ulac wara teğğ deg uxxam is . Ass-nni truḥ, s aḥeddad tru-yas. Yenna-yas :
-Ma tebYiḍ ad am-ggeY ttawil.
Tenna-yas :- Lemmer ad txedmeḍ tinna…
Yenna-yas :- Ad am-xedmeY tasekkart ara yetteskkiren axxam-im si beṛṛa.
Di lweqt-nni tiwwura ttsekkirent kan si sdaxel.At taddart, akken walan tamYart, mi tsekker tawwurt-is ad truḥ bdan ar d-ttazzalen Yer uḥeddad iwakken ad asen-ixdem tisekkarin si beṛṛa ula d nutni.
yexdem- itent, maca mkul yiwet yuqem-as snat n tsura, yiwet yeğğda-tt Yur-s.
Yiwen n wass amesbaṭli-nni d tmeṭṭut-is txuṣṣ-iten tmes,yenna-yas i tmeṭṭut:
-Ruḥ awi-yaY-d tmes sYur uḥeddad .
Tenna-yas :- AnnaY! Anwa udem iyes ara t-qableY?
Yenna-yas :- NniY-am ddem aceqquf truḥeḍ.
Truḥ. Mi tewweḍ tbedd, tegguma ad tqerreb. Aḥeddad iwala-d tili,yenna yas :
-Qerreb-d.
Tenna-yas 😀 nekk!
Ynna yas :- NniY am qerreb-d.
Tenna-yas :-NniY-ak d nekk.Ur yi-d teeqileḍ ara.
Yenna-yas : -ẓriY d kemm, qerreb-d.
Tekcem, tenna-yas:
-Acu la txeddmeḍ a bu nnkuz ?
Yerra as s tmeYrut agi (-uz-).
XeddmeY i medden akk lxir
nekk d aḥeddad si Lqalus
Ul-iw Yettagem ineqqel
ha-t-a di lhemm ur ixus
Ad kun ttreY a lawliya
At Mraw akk d wat Ɛrus
Aqli la neğğṛeY azduz
Ay at Ṛebbi get- as afus
TuYal tmeṭṭut s axxam. Yenna-yas urgaz is:
-Acu i kem-id-yenna?
Teḥka- yas, teawed-as ifyar i as-d-yenna uḥeddad. Yenna-yas:
-Tettakeḍ awal i bu tirgin!
Tama n Lqalus tella yiwet n taddart temsaedaw yid-s; wwḍen armi qrib i tt-xlan. Iruḥ yiiwen n wass uḥeddad Yer yimḍebbren n taddart-nni, Yenna-asen:
-Ayen iḍran yidi teẓram-t.Tura ma tebYam ad awen-zenzeY taddart, ad tt-texlum.
Nnan as : -Amek?
Yenna yas : -Ilaq taeessast-nwen mkul iḍ ad n-tqarae s-axxam-iw; Mi ten-n-twalam Yer ṭṭaq ajajiḥ n tmes azzelt-n.
Yiwen iḍ aḍu la issafag iqremyad. Medden akk tṭsen. Aḥeddad yekker, yebda-d i taddart si ṭṭerf. Axxam iYef ieedda isekker as tawwurt si berra.Yuli Yer taerict n uxxam is, yeddem tadla n yiɣlel,yessaɣ- itt, yesseedda-tt-id si tṭaq. Aedawn walan-d ajajiḥ mebeid, auzzlen-d s sslaḥ.Zzin i taddart-si mkul idis, mekknen-as times.Tendeh, tleḥḥu armi d- yewweḍ s ixxamen imezwura n taddart.Laeyaḍ yekker.Win yemmYen ɣef tmekwḥelt, ad iruḥ ad yeldi tawwurt, ad tt-yaf tsekkeṛ si beṛṛa.
Akka i tenger taddart-a n Lqalus.


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» Catégorie : Imagraden
Entretien avec l’auteur Samir TighzertCommentaires » 0
Entretien réalisé par Hafit Zaouche dans le journal la Cité, paru le 24/03/2018.
Entretien avec l’auteur Samir Tighzert – Journal la Cité
Tisuqilin n Samir Tighzert i usider s talɣa PDF
Traductions en kabyle de Samir Tighzert à télécharger sous format PDF:
1) Anzaren – tullist ɣezzifen (adlis) sɣur Nikolaï Gogol
2) Taɣaṭ n mass Seguin – tullist sɣur Alphonse Daudet
3) Llebsa umeḥbus – tullist sɣur Naǧib meḥfuḍ
4) Asekṛan sɣur – tullist Guy de Maupassant
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Tasnudert : anekcum ɣer temhazt n telmas d imahilen n DarwinCommentaires » 0
Sɣur Samir Tighzert
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Amagrad-a ur yesḍamie ara ad d-yefk isalli ikemlen deg usentel meqqren iɣef i d-yewwi, imi mazal lexṣaṣ ama deg tutlayt neɣ tirmit n tira deg tussna s teqbaylit. Ihi am akken i d-yedda deg uzwel, d asalu kan i neereḍ ad nerẓ yess deg uḥric n tesnudert (biologie), ladɣa deg usentel-a usdid : tamhazt n telmas (évolution des espèces). D acu ɣas akken tella deg-s tanga tapidagujit ara yaf yiwen, nessaram d ayen ara itekkin daɣ i ureṣṣi n llsas n tussna s teqbaylit d tmaziɣt s umata.
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Llsas n Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin, amassan n ugama aglizi, ilul di Shopshire ass n 12 deg furar1809, yemmut di Dawne ass n 19 deg yebrir 1882. Imahilen-is ɣef temhazt[1]n telmas[2] timuddirin ḍḥan-d d wid yessegrawlen tasnudert segmi d-yessufeɣ adlis-is Iẓuran n telmas deg useggas n 1859. Dɣa asmi yella icae yisem-is gar imassanen s inadiyen iga, i yessker yiwet n turda[3] i d-yeqqaren belli tilmas akk timuddirn yellan zemrent ad ilint seg yiwen neɣ si kra kan n ijaddiyen ucriken i d-uɣent aẓar armi mehzent ɣef teɣzi n wakud, s twisi n wayen iwumi qqaren afran agaman[4].
Di tilawt, mačči d netta i yennan d amezwaru belli amdan yeqqers-d seg yibki (aḥallum, iddew), acku yezwar-it ɣer waya Lamarck s xemsin iseggasen, ulamma tazrawt[5]-is netta (Darwin) ɣef tikti-nni daɣ i tettawi yerna tessegza lumuṛ s telqey ; baqi segmi d-yeffeɣ udlis-nni-ines yuɣal yegget fell-as wawal d unṭag deg ijernanen d wanda nniḍen, ladɣa si tamiwin timasɣanin (imdeyynen) i iwalan deg-s ankaṛ n wamek i yettwassen uxlaq n ddunit d wayen yettidiren, sɣur Rebbi, meḥsub werǧin i d-yella Adem neɣ Ḥewwa am akken i t-id-nnant tektabin tuɣrisin. Ihi ur d-dduklen yid-s imassanen s tidet armi d aseggas 1870 mi rnan walan tidet-is ɣer wiyaḍ deg wayen yerzan tiẓri n temhazt (théorie d’évolution) i d-yessumer, dɣa din i tebda tdarwinẓrit tettaɣ abrid deg ubeddel n tmuɣliwin tinudranin armi d-wwḍen wallalen imaynuten di lqern wiss 20 i itebbten awal-is ula ɣef ufran agaman i yellan tuɣ yezzi-yas ccekk.
M’akken i d-yesnulfa tussan-yi tamaynut ara yuɣalen d taxatart maḍi syin d afella, Darwin yella d amnadi kan amecṭuḥ ifukken leqraya-s deg uɣiwen[6] n Ṭṭebba n tesdawit n Edambourg, ihi yedda deg uɣarrabu[7] Beagle i yeffɣen deg tuɣḍaṭ[8] unadi i tikelt tis snat, ɣer tnila n Temrikt n Wenẓul, iruḥ s yisem-is d amesnakal[9] kan imi d wayen i d-yelha imir. Maca ayen i t-iwellhen tikelt tamezwarut, d ayen iɣer yerra tamawt deg tgzirin n Galápagos ɣef kra n telmas n yiwen wefrux. Afrux-a llant kra n tlemas-is ɣur-neɣ ; deg tama n usammar n Bgayet qqaren-as abulkettan, deg Ǧerǧer abuferriw neɣ amenferriw (pinson). Ihi mi imuqel yaf sin ispisimanen i d-yekkan si snat tegzirin yemqaraben, ttemcabin deg kullec ala deg uqamum : yiwen zur, wayeḍ rqiq. Syin iwala yal afrux ggtent telmas-is deg yiwet n tewsit (genre), dɣa yesteqsa iman-is : ma d win iwumi qqaren Axellaq i igan akka annect-a, amek yeeni ara s-yini wayi ad s-geɣ aqamum akka, wayeḍ akken nniḍen, neɣ ad ten-ssemxlafeɣ kan deg teɣmi n rric ? Yerna mačči kan ɣur yefrax i llant lewhayem, ula si tama n iɣersiwen imeqqranen : amek yiwen deg leḥcic i ikess wayeḍ yettseyyiḍ iɣersiwen-nni at leḥcic s yiman-nsen ? Yuɣ lḥal tamella[10] ur telli deg teẓgi neɣ daxel n yillel, ayen izemren i kra-iḍen yečč-it !
Akka, Darwin mi yekfa tazrawt-is deg imenfarrawen i d-igemmer, yufa belli ayen i ten-yessemgarden d abrid kan i d-wwin deg tudert-nsen d twennaṭ ideg eacen ; dɣa win i d-yekkren deg tegzrit anda yeqwa lḥebb n yemɣan, iṛebba aqamum zuren iǧehden swayes ara yerẓ tuččit-is, ma d win nniḍen ieacen anda akken txuṣṣ, itetten kan ibeac, ayla-s netta iruḥ s teɣzi, yemmug i tseddi[11] amek ara d-yeṭṭef ayen meẓẓiyen. Wa d amedya kan amecṭuḥ, maca Darwin ssya i iṣadd armi yessegrawel tussna n imudar s lekmal-is. Yufa ziɣ d agama i d-yelhan s kra din ; yella wanda ḍerrun lumuṛ s usamma[12] kan d wamek i d-yewwi lḥal, maca dima d talmest iǧehden deg iɣersiwen, meḥsub tin iḥerzen tigemmi tajinit (patrimoine gnétique) yelhan i d-igerrin tettidir. Daymi aṭas i inegren segmi d-tebda tudert ar assa. Ma d tigemmi-a tajinit i yeṭṭfen amkan deg tsilunin[13] n wudus[14], neɣ amek tetteeddi gar tsitiwin, Darwin netta ur tt-yefhim ara di tallit-is, d taɣnwt-is (instinct) kan tamassnant d termit-is deg uḥekker d ufraẓ n lumuṛ i t-yeǧǧan ad yaru fell-as ; d acu ur ssawḍen ad tt-fehmen armi d talemmast n lqern wis XX, ad d-nuɣal ɣur-s.
Tabadut d usissen
Deg tesnudert, tamhazt d ayen yerzan inbeddalen i d-yettilin deg telmas timuddirin ɣef teɣzi n wakud ; d yiwen umazrar i d-yeṭṭfen seg talɣiwin timezwura maḍi armi d imudar n tura. Amezruy n tenhazt n tudert yezmer ad d-yettwiglem s yiwen waddag meqqren neɣ aṭas n waddagen n tgetjinit (poygénie).
Tamhazt tcudd ɣer usnulfu n telmas, maca seg-s daɣen i d-itekk ungar-nsent. Dɣa d turda n wefran agaman i d-yessumer Darwin i yettilin deffir inbeddalen-a, ulamma aṭas ineḍruyen i itekkin uqbel tuffɣa ɣer tsemlilt taneggarut i d-ijemmlen tiẓri n tenzeht (la théorie d’évolution). D acu tura aṭas imassanen i yettagin ula d awal-a n « tiẓri », imi ɣur-sen d ayen yessurfen amecwar-nni s wayen i d-tufa tussna tineggura-ya s wallalen atraren, ladɣa s igmaḍ n tesnudert talayant (biologique moléculaire) i d-yufan s tseddi, d amedya, amek yecrek w ADN n wemdan d yibki. Maca si tama nniḍen, d udem-a n lqerban gar umdan d uɣersiw i yeǧǧan aṭas n leṣwat ad ilin mgal tikti n temhazt ; llan gar-asen ula d imusnawen i ieerḍen ad gen tizrawin-nsen s webrid-iḍen iɣef teɣleb tezrirt[15] n teflest d tektiwin timasɣannin (n ddin). Amedya, qqaren belli d tidet, amdan yezmer ad yili ieedda-d ɣef waṭas n tsurifin uqbel ad yaweḍ akka d amdan, maca yella kan w’i iwellhen inbeddalen i d-yeḍran si tazwara, meḥsub d Rebbi-nni iss i ttamnen ; aya d ayen iwumi semman « asɣiwes amegzu » ( le dessein intelligent).
Imenzayen imuta
Di tilawt, ur d-yeḍḥa yeweer i waṭas n medden akken ad gren tikti n temhazt di lbal-nsen, armi d-tettbin tumelt[16]-is akka sufella d ayen ur iqqebbel wallaɣ, ladɣa ɣer wid i d-yekkren s tikti tamensayt[17] n wexlaq imudar. Imi deg tidet-is, tamhazt tettarra laṣel n wemdan d wayen akk yeddren ɣef akal, ama d aɣersiw neɣ d imɣi, akken yebɣu yili meqqer neɣ mecṭuḥ, alamma d yiwet kan n tsilunt si ṣṣenf abaktiri ideg i d-tebda tudert deg waman ahat ma drus 3,5 imelyaren iseggasen. Ayen i d-yettxebbiren ɣef waya d imikrudusen (microrganismes) i ttafen ar tura deg ifuṣilen, yerna tikwal irennu yettibeid later-nsen deg wakud.
Lḥaṣun ɣef akken d-teqqar tussna tatrart, d tabaktirit-a tamikruskupit i yebdan tettimɣur mi d-tufa iman-is deg waman ur nmelleḥ armi tuɣal s talɣa n twekka tusbiṭ yettbinen ; syin mi tkemmel deg unegmu teṭṭef ṣṣifa n yislem. Ifuṣilen[18] n « iselman-a » ttafen-ten dɣa s waṭas ɣer tamiwin igarawen (océans) ; ihi d kra seg-sen i d-yeffɣen, seg wid yesean tiferrawin tičaranin, zgan tteḥnunufen-d armi d-gran deg wakal aquran, dɣa d tifarriwen-nni i yuɣalen d iḍarren syin d afella. Yiwen uspisiman seg iqburen i ufan deg usammar n Groenland ahat wwḍen 460 imelyan iseggasen segmi ieac.
D widak i d-yeǧǧan igḍad, iḥraraden[19], ikalmanen[20] yecban imqerqar, akked isaṭṭaḍen ; syin akk i d-kkan. Deg tallit-nni tamezwarut d idinusuṛen i igman s tɣawla, yerna tuɣ llan am yegḍad kan, ma d wiyaḍ merra wwin-d acḥal di ṣṣifa n uɣersiw-nni i iṛebban tiḍartin yuɣal ileḥḥu ɣef rebea, yella d ameɣẓaz[21] icuban s aɣerda, d netta i d ajaddi n isaṭṭaḍen merra ideg nella nekni. Ur yebda gemmu-s d inbeddalen-is ɣer waṭas n telmas armi negren idinusuṛen si 66 imelyan iseggasen-aya. Dɣa ɣef teɣzi n imelyan n lesnin, yebḍa ɣef waṭas n twaculin tiɣersanin, gar tid yettseyyiḍen d tid itetten leḥcic, d wiyaḍ ukud llan iprimaten, asellun[22] yesdukklen amdan d waṭas n yibkan. Maca iprimaten mgaraden, llan imecṭaḥ, llan imeqqranen, ihi seg imeqqranen-nni i d-yeqqers umdan.
Tamhazt n wemdan
Yella da lɣilaḍ mucaeen ideg ilaq ad d-nebdu. Tuget n medden seg wid ur nwala tussna si lqerb, deg tmettiyin akk n ddunit, qqaren ma seg yibki i d-nekka s tidet, amek armi ibkan n wassa ur ttuɣalen ara d imdanen ? Netta da llant snat n tlufa i ilaqen ad ttusegzint. Tazwara, anbeddal-a mačči d ayen i d-yettilin deg teswiet kan akka, d inig ameqqran deg imyaten n luluf n lesnin, ur iẓerr yiwen s wallen-is ma ur inuda ara deg ifuṣilen, imi yettili-d s leeqel maḍi. Tin ɣer-s, mačči seg ibki-a n tura s yiman-is i d-iruḥ umdan. Ma d tura akka aɣersiw i ittemcabin maḍi ɣer umdan si tama tansudrant, d acampanzi (chimpanzé) i yettidiren deg Tefriqt, acku send ayen ara yilin gar 6 d 8 imelyan n lesnin, yella ujaddi-nneɣ yiwen. Meḥsub kra seg telmest-a i ɣ-icerkan yella wayen i d-yeḍran deg udus-nsen ; ladɣa taḍermist (mutation) i yerzan allaɣ, d tin i yellan deffir n tilin n wemdan, ulamma amdan-nni amezwaru yettemcabi ugar ɣer yibki.
D acu, mi d-yeffeɣ si twacult tasnudrant iwumi qqaren homonidae, amdan yebda yettenkar ɣef sin iḍarren, yessemras allaɣ-is, ikemmel tamhazt-is deg waṭas imecwaren, segmi yuɣal d tawsit (genre) iwumi qqaren homo : dɣa yella : homo-habilis, uqbel azal n 2 imelyan n lesnin deg Tefriqt usammar d wenẓul (i isqedcen yakan times, yenjer ablaḍ d amrig yerna yeffeɣ si Tefriqt) ; homo-eretcus uqebel 1,8 imelyan, d netta i ikecmen Turuft ; ma ɣer tagara d homo-sapiens i d-yellan si 300 000 iseggasen, i yuɣalen yettxemmim s tidet, d nekni dɣa akken nella tura ; yella neanderthal ɣer tama-nneɣ deg tewsit homo, ieac ula deg Turuft, maca winna yenger.
Tisura n tesnudert talayant deg tussna n temhazt
Iban, akken ad eeddint ṣṣifat si tsuta ɣer tayeḍ gar imudar, ilaq kan ad tili tanga[23] ara tt-yawin. Aya ifhem-it Darwin, maca win i d-yeldin tifrat ɣer tmukrist-a i tikelt tamezwarut, d Uṭrici Mendel (1822 – 1884) i yellan d aqessis (prêtre), d acu yelha-d daɣen d inadiyen-a i iḥemmel, imi tuɣ yeɣra deg tfellaḥt . Dɣa d netta i igan llsas i tussna tamynut ara d-ilalen syin d asawen, iwumi neqqar tajinitit, ulamma imahilen-is ruḥen ttwattun acḥal iseggasen d wamek eawden gan-asen ccan. Lḥaṣun, d netta i d-yufan isuḍaf iwumi qqaren ara assa Isuḍaf n mendel, d ayen yerzan abrid n umcabi gar umudar d baba-s, neɣ jeddi-s, neɣ gma-s (deg yiwet n tsuta) atg. (ad d-nawi fell-as deg umagrad-iḍen). Yerna netta ɣef yimɣan i iga tirmitin-is, meḥsub d ajilban i yebda iteẓẓu-t ɣef waṭas n tikwal armi d-yessufeɣ igmaḍ ineggura.
Maca wid i d-yesfehmen tajitinit s tidet, d Watson akked Crick deg useggas n 1953, asmi d-ufan amek yemmug w ADN s tseddi. ADN d alay[24] asnudran aɣezfan, n uɣurmi (nayau) n tsilunin akked kra ivirusen, deg-s i yettwaxan yisalli ajini s wudem akimyan. Ihi ma zik imusnwen tuɣ zerrfen s tmuɣli kan d ufraẓ n termitin, seg yimir uɣalen sean tanga yettwallasen iɣer tcudd kra yellan d ṣṣifa yesea umudar, izemren ad ssrewsen seg telmest ɣer tayeḍ ; dɣa tura mačči kan d iusḍaf n Mendel i yuɣalen ttwazrawen s wudem ufrin, ssawḍen yimnuda fehmen yess ula d anda zedɣen kra n waṭṭanen yetteeddin si tsuta ɣer tayeḍ, ayen ara ieiwnen i ueqal-nsen ɣas qbel talalit ; dɣa kka i ssulin ijinumen (génomes) n kra imudar. Ajinum d ayen i d-ijemmlen isallen ijiniyen icudden ɣer kra n telmest, win n wemdan fkan-t-id di 2003. Asmi t-srewsen ɣer win n yibki acampanzi ufan ttamcabin alamma d 99%, ayen yesswehmen leamma tamassnant, imi tilawt n temhazt tuɣal tban-d s wanzaten ufrinen, ur d-teqqim ara tettwaḍfar s ifuṣilen kan d tɣessiwin tiqburin, ladaɣa ma neẓra belli widak yettili lexṣas deg-sen ɣas akken ttaken-d isalli iqumen m’ara ilin.
Yerna am akken yenna Richard Dawkins[25], win yebɣan kan ad s-d-yessukes kra i tidet-a, ad iruḥ ad d-inadi taɣessa n wemdan ara yeseun ugar n 8 imelyan di leemer ; d lmuḥal, imi amdan tuɣ ur yewwiḍ ara talɣa i nesea tura. Kifkif ula i iɣersiwen akk i nessen, aqjun neɣ awtul, ur ttafen iɣsan-nsen ala seg tilla-nni kan mi qqlen s tumelt-nsen n tura.
©2017 Tighzert
Amezruy : ayen ur gan lejdud i tmaziɣtCommentaires » 0
Sɣur Samir Tighzert
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Abrid i d-wwin Imaziɣen deg umezruy d yiwen seg wid yeččuren d tasḍiwin[1], maca tikwal yessewham s kra n lexṣas i nezmer ad d-nessukkes, ladɣa deg wayen yerzan tutlayt d tsertit.
Di tilawt, ulac Amaziɣ yefkan azal s tidet i tutlayt-is uqbel lqern wis 20, ula deg talliyin mi ḥekmen nutni s yiman-nsen. M’ara nẓer kan belli tamaziɣt (s tantaliwin-is yemgaraden) ur tuɣal d tunṣibt di kra n tmennaṭ deg wakal-is segmi d-tella armi d aseggas n 2011 deg Lmerruk syin teḍfer-d Lezzayer, yewwi-d ad nefk tuttra tabɣast[2] i iman-nnneɣ u ad d-nqirr anda « ḍelmen » lejdud-nneɣ.
Tallit n teglest[3]
Yuɣ lḥal, am akken i ten-mazal ar tura, Imaziɣen si zik ttwassnen s tsefkt[4] i sean ɣer tutlayin seg wasmi ttwassnen deg umezruy (ladɣa gar Iṛuamniyen d Igrigiyen), meḥsub isehel-asen ulemmud n tutlayin n lǧiran-nsen. Meslayen tafiniqit n Qerṭaj iwumi qqaren tafuniqt[5], talaṭinit, tagrigit, taerabt, tafransist, d tiyaḍ di kra n talliyin am tsepenyult. D acu, aya d ayen i ten-yeǧǧan, ma nenna-d akka, ad rren ayla-nsen ɣer ṭṭerf. Yuɣ lḥal gar yegduden imezwura ieucren Imzaiɣen, d Iqerṭajiyen i ten-id-iqerben ugar di tmennaṭ n tmanaɣt Tunes n tura. Ihi s Masensen s Sifaqs llan d imdukal-nsen, deg yiwet akken n tallit. Cerken yid-sen kullec, meucaren deg twaculin, uqmen assaɣen ara d-nini assa d isertanen ; dɣa yiwen am Masensen i yesseḥbabren ɣef tgelda-s amek ara twennee, yeddem aṭas seg termit[6] Iqerṭajiyen i d-wwin nutni sɣur lejdud-nsen Ifiniqen, ladɣa ayen yerzan tafellaḥt d tnezzut[7], maca yesseqdec ula d tutlayt-nsen tafuniqt i yuɣalen d tin i d tunṣibt ama deg uɣrem-is neɣ di tmanaɣt-is Cirta s umata, tugart ma llan ibeṛṛaniyen, ulamma tezga tmaziɣt deg ugdud.
D tidet, uran s tfinaɣ imiren, maca mačči d iḍrisen, d ismawen kan akka d wwalen ifriḍen i ttarran yess tikwal ɣef yeɣraben ifakanen[8], ixxamen unṣiben, iɣran[9] ttawin yemnayen, d wayen nniḍen ; yerna dima tettili ɣer tama-s tfuniqt neɣ talaṭinit syin ɣer da. Lejdud-nneɣ deg leqrun-nni lemden tutlayin i d-nenna, uran yes-sent idlisen am Ḥiemfsal wis sin i yuran s tfuniqt, agellid Yuba wis sin i yuran s tlaṭinit, d wiyaḍ i d-iḍefren syin d asawen am Ufulay (lqern II ), d ugerram[10] Ugustius (lqern wis IV), maca widak banen, imi llan seddaw tecḍaṭ n Ruma.
Akken i kemmlen deg tallit Iwandalen d tin Ibizanṭiyen, ma d tawaɣit tasnilsant[11] tameqqrant teḍran-d mi d-wwḍen Waeraben. D acu aɣbel mačči deg ukeččum n imhersanen[12] i yella kan, acku dayi ilaq ad d-nesmekti yiwet n tidet tamazrayt i ntettu nekni s Imaziɣen, yerna llan wid ur tt-nessin.
Tallit tanammst d ukeččum n Waeraben
Ihi mi d-wwḍen Waeraben akal n Tmazɣa seg unṭag amezwaru n useggas 647, yuqee-itt imenɣi, qqlen ṭṭfen tamurt. Maca yewweḍ-d lweqt anda eawden Imaziɣen refden-d iman-nsen, ladɣa deg tama umalu, eewwlen ad kksen azaglu n ddula Tamawit (Omeyyades) d uqerru-s deg Dimecq, yerna ssawḍen rnan Aeraben imawiyen, tugart segmi tt-gezmen di rray ad sen-lḥun s tin n ddin i ḍefren segmi sen-teffeɣ afus, meḥsub win n tneslemet, maca deg terkent Ixerriǧiyen i d-yerran azalen n teɣdemt yettwaefsen si tazwara ; yuɣ lḥal asɣan n tneslemt ur d-yeqqar ara belli d Aerab kan i ilaqen ad yeḥkem, ihi s wakka i sellmen Yimawiyen imi si tama-iḍen ur d-grin ara ǧehden am zik.
Dɣa din i tella tuzzma deg Imaziɣen, acku deg wayen ara nadin ad reṣṣin ayla-nsen s tidet, tamagit-nsen i yebnan ɣef tutlayt uqbel ayen nniḍen, kemmlen ɣlin deg texfet n ddin i tikelt-iḍen. Nenna-d si tagara n lqern wis VIII, amur ameqqran n Tmazɣa yegra-d ɣer yimawlan-is, ternuḍ ula d Landalus i ṭṭfen i ṭṭfen yemslemn di Spanya, ala deg Tunes de Libya i qqimen cudden ɣer Usammar aerab imi aṭas i istqerren din n Waeraben i d-yekkan si teqbilt n Euqba ben Nafee. Ihi ɣas akken, wid i d-yerran timunent-nsen, mi kkren sbedden iwunak[13] imezwura, d ibeṛṛaniyen i rran d Iqerra ! Akka, wid yellan deg tama n Merruk n tura d Idris amezwaru i d-irewlen si n tmurt taerabt i sbedden m’akken i sen-yenna yeqqers-d si twacult n nnbi Muḥemmed, Ibaḍiyen n Tihert ssulin Ibn Rustom afarsi, imi t-tuɣ deg ubrid-nsen amasɣan i yella. Dɣa kullec ikemmel ileḥḥu s tutlayt n Leqran ; am widak n teglest, Imaziɣen n tallit tanammast werǧin i meyyzen ad arun s tutayt-nsen, d tutlayt-iḍen tabeṛṛanit i d-yernan teṭṭef-d agnes. Ulamek ara nini d lbaṭel i yeḍran fell-aɣ, imi lawan-nni d Imaziɣen i iḥekmen ; ula d ddulat i d-iḍefren : Ifaṭmiyen, Iziriyen, Iḥemmadiyen (di Bgayet !), Imweḥḥden, Imurabḍen, Izeyyanen, Iḥefṣiyen ; neɣ di tama n Merruk daɣ : Iminiren d i Iseedyen d Iwaṭṭasen, uqbel ad tt-ṭṭfen Yeelawiyen si 1631 ar tura… kemmlen ttarun arraten-nsen d tebratin s taerabt.Yerna mačči d ayen kan ; ula m’ara yili d Amaziɣ i d sselṭan neɣ i d ageldun, yetteerrib isem-is am akken uɣen tannumi wid yessezwirin tineslemt deg ukersi-nsen ; amedya seg wid yettwassnen, d aḥemmadi Nnasir ibn Al-anas ibn Ḥammad (1062-1088) i yerran Bgayet d tamanaɣt-is, imi di tilawt isem-is Anzir. Maca ur ilaq ara nenker, ulamma drus, llan kra i yeǧǧan isem-nsen am Yeɣmurasen di Tlemsan (1206 – 1283), ɣas akken yerna-yas « Ibn Zeyyan » nni. Nnan-d belli Utumert n waṭlas amerruki (- 1130), imsebded n ddula n Imweḥḥden, i isemman i iman-s Ibn tumert, yura sin yedlisen-is “Leaqida”, d “Lmurcid” s tmaziɣt, uqbel ad ten-yessuqel ɣer taerabt.[14]
Limaṛa i d-yeǧǧa ddin deg Tmazɣa d taẓegzagt[15] ; imi ɣas akken tantaliyin timaziɣin ssawḍent ddrent deg ugdud akken ilaq, deg timawit kan i qqiment. Nnig wakken, imeyyazen n lweqt-nni mačči kan uran s taerabt, wten ula fell-as akken ad tt-ssjehden, am Ibn Jerrum i d-yeǧǧan tajerrumt taerabt i yesean azal ar assa ɣur ikadimyen aeraben, si lqern wis XIV.
Seg Iṭerkiyen ɣer Ifransisen
Ma segmi d-kecmen Iṭerkiyen, kra din yensa deg tmazɣa talemmast, imi Lmerruk n tura ur tt-wwiḍen ara. Deg idurar ur teseiḍ w’i yessnen ad yaru ala kra n lecyax iteṭṭfen ɣer yiman-nsen, ladɣa imṛabḍen i d-ikecmen tuɣ tamurt taqbaylit, imi di lawan-nni win yessnen acemma taerabt yerna yeḥfeḍ kra n tsurtin, d win kan i d amusnaw, nnig-s ulac. Yuɣ lḥal widak ur ttjerriden ula d asefru ma yella-d, ɣas d adekker i yettdekkir bab-is. Akka i zedrent tmeslayin timaziɣin seddaw uzaglu n taerabt i d-ssusen wat tmurt s yiman-nsen. Armi d-tekcem Fransa i bdan mehhzen[16] lumuṛ ulamma deg snat tamiwin tinemgalin. Imi si tama tamharsa tafransist teewwel-d ad teerreb akk Tafriqt Ugafa, aya d ayen ibanen, s yismawen i tbeddel d tnariyin taerabin i tesbedd di yal amkan, dɣa ula d inmezrayen-nsen imeqqranen am Stéphane Gsel cehhden-d ɣef akka. D acu si tama nniḍen, si tallit-is i d-tebda tira n tmaziɣt. Γas deg tazwara d ayen ikecmen kan iswi-nsen astaritiji, imi akken ad ẓẓlen aḍar akken ilaq yewwi-d fell-asen ad ssnen tutlayin akk n tmurt, ama di Lezzayer neɣ di Lmerruk. Maca tuɣḍadin[17] n unadi deg tutlayt-nneɣ d usekcem-is deg tira, d tid i s-yerẓan asalu i tikelt tamezwarut sɣur ifransisen, gar ibabaten imellalen, iserdasiyen, d wiyaḍ.
Dɣa Adolphe Hanoteau (1814- 1897), ajiniral i yuran s teqbaylit gar imezwura maḍi tagara n lqern wis XIX, yetewhhem asmi inuda deg tmurt n Leqbayel ad s-d-mlen ma yella kra n wedlis yuran si zik deg tmennaṭ-a, ur yufi ula d tajridt ufus ! Yerna ula mi yesteqsay imdanen, ur yefhim ara amek armi ur d-yegri wayen ara s-d-ḥkun ɣef kra n taluft ibeeden deg wkud ; meḥsub taktawt[18]-nneɣ tanbazt[19] ɣas in’as teqqim d tilemt. « Werǧin ẓriɣ aɣref ur d-neclie deg umezruy-is am Leqbayel. » i yenna deg tezwart n wedlis-is anda i d-iḥawec isefra d ccnawi. Dɣa ma yenna akka, mačči d astehzi, d lewhayem kan i yewhem. Imi di tilawt, Leqbayel neɣ Imaziɣen nniḍen, mačči d tasmuḍi i semmeḍ wul-nsen ɣef wayla-nsen maca d tira i ten-ixuṣṣen. Tidet kan, ɣef igiman n lesnin, cehhden-d fell-aɣ ibeṛṛaniyen amek i nfaz deg waṭas n taɣulin[20], am tid n nnif, tabɣest deg umennuɣ d wazal nettak i wakal ajaddi, atg. Maca deg wayen yerzan idles, tafawet meqqret, yerna ssebba mačči dima sɣur imhersanen i d-tekka.
Imaziɣen assa
Ccwi kan seg Iṛumiyen-nni imezwura, deg tmennaṭ taqbaylit uɣalen kkren-d Leqbayel s yiman-nsen mi ifat ufan ttawil n tmusni, si Bulifa ɣer Meemmri armi d wid n tura. Assa taqbaylit teɣrem-d acḥal seg wayen i tesea d lexṣas. Segmi s-bedden imeɣnasen imezwura i iḥebbren ladɣa i tmawalt tatrart i sbuɣren acemma, tuɣal treffed iman-is kra kra. Yerna mačči d lmuḥal ad nqaḍee wiyaḍ deg yal taɣult. Amedya meqqren deg tutlayin yellan am ayla-nneɣ deg tgellelt, i ilaq ad nmuqel, d win n teebrit n Isryil. Imawlan-is skeflen-tt-d si tillas n wakud, anda tella ur tettwaseqdec ala deg ddin d wayen icudden ɣur-s, tura uɣalen sɣarayen yess ula d tusniwin elayen. Awi-d kan lebɣi ad yezdeɣ ulawen u ad ggten imeɣnasen icuban wid yellan yakan, ara d-ieiwnen yal wa deg uḥric-is, dɣa ayen i ɣ-iruḥen ɣef tizi n leqrun nezmer ad t-id-nerr di kra n tnemrawin iseggasen kan.
Yerna tura yettuḥettem fell-aɣ ma nebɣa ad tidir tutlayt-nneɣ ula deg umeslay kan. Amedya deg tutlayt taqbaylit, ma zik lejdud ur uran ara, iles-nsen yezga d amaziɣ, tugart deg idurar, seg wakken ur yelli wayeḍ ara s-yekksen amkan… tura d tuggza[21]-iḍen i ɣ-yeggunin. Si tmunent ɣer da, taerabt tekcem iɣerbazen deg tudrin, wid yettmeslayen ala s tmaziɣt, am tyemmatin i tt-iḥerzen zik si tsuta ɣer tayeḍ, uɣalen heddren daɣ s tefransist d taerabt ; yeshel ihi maḍi ad ruḥen wawalen ma ulac ajerred-nsen deg idlisen. Acku ɣas yebda uselmed n tmaziɣt yettaɣ tagnit, ma ur tewwiḍ ara d tutlayt tamezwarut n tɣuri anda i tella d tutlayt tayemmat, yeweer akken ad teḥrez tallunt[22] i s-tekksent tiyaḍ si yal tama. Wa d addad[23] n teqbaylit kan, maca d ayen yerzan tutlayin nniḍen akk timaziɣin, am tcelḥit (Merruk) d tcawit i yettwaḥersen deg temdinin armi uɣalen kra imeḍqan tenger maḍi tmaziɣt deg-sen.
©2017 Tighzert
[1] Héroïsmes [2] Courageuse [3] Antiquité [4] Don, talent [5] Punique [6] Expérience
[7] Commerce [8] Temples [9] Boucliers (as. aɣer) [10] Saint (homme) [11] Linguistique (adj) [12] Colonisateurs
[13] Eatats, dynasties
[14] Yenna-ti-id dɣa unmezray amaṣri Yeḥya Huwaydi deg udlis-is ɣef Umezruy n tfelseft tineslemt deg Tefriq ugafa.
Awal ɣef Don Kicuṭ n Manca n CervantesCommentaires » 0
Sɣur Samir Tighzert
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Don Kicuṭ n Manca d ungal i yura umyaru aspenyuli Miguel de Cervantes deg sin yeḥricen (amenzu deg useggas 1606, wis sin deg useggas 1616). Ungal-a yettuneḥsab d win i d amezwru yakk deg tsekla tatrart ɣef leḥsab n tɣara n tira-s d wudem iss i d-yedda deg-s wullis. Yewwi-d deg-s umeskar ɣef yiwen wergaz akken bu-nneyya, iwumi qqaren Don Kicuṭ n Manca[1], asmi ieewwl ad yeg am yemnayen iqbuṛen, imi d isaṭṭen[2] iɣef yeɣra deg tektabin. Ameskar yenna-d dɣa seg tazwara : Don Kicuṭ yeɣra yeɣra deg teqsiḍin-nni armi icuf iqerru-s, meḥsub yemxell, ihi ieedda ad yeḍfer abrid-nsen, ulamma tuɣ teedda tallit n yicaliyen am widak.
Taddist
Akken ad yefhem yiwen taqsiṭ n Don Kicuṭ ilaq ad iẓer acu d ungalen n « temneyt taḥewwast », anda teffɣen imnayen akken ad d-fdun wid akk yettwaḥeqren ɣas ma ur ten-ssinen, iwakken kan ad sbedden lḥeqq u ad d-beyynen tabɣest-nsen. Azgen deg-sen ttawin-ten-id kan d timucuha deg tallit-nni tanammast, maca Don Kicuṭ i iselben si tɣuri-s, yerra-tt d tidet, ieewwel ad yeg am nutni, ad d-yerr taɣdemt i lɣaci. Yessufeɣ-d ihi aeudiw-is ihezlen akk iwumi isemma Rusinant (Rocinante s tspenyult), yekkes-d asekkin d waɣer[3] i yellan din deg uxxam tuli-ten tɣebbart seg wissen anwa zzman, takurazt[4] d wayen akk yettiḥwiǧ umgara[5] deg lawan-nni ; syin yessawel-d i yiwen n lǧar-is yeččuren d nneyya daɣ am netta ɣas ma di leeqel-is yella, qqaren-as Sancu Panza, iḥemmel inzan aṭas, d win i yextar ad yili d ameiwen-is deg icaliyen-is, imi akken i ten-sean yemnayen iqburen, yerna winna ɣef uɣyul i yeṭṭafar deffir.
Yuɣ lḥal imnayen iqburen i yettḥaka, yal wa tettili tin i iḥemmel, iɣef yettxemmim m’ara yili deg imennuɣen d unadi n lexlawi ; ihi ula d Don Kicuṭ yextar yiwet kan akka n tfellaḥt tameɣbunt din deg taddart, yerra-tt d tin d « tarfiqt ixemmimen-is », isem-is Dulsinya (Duclinea s tspenyult). Syin ata yebda ihi acali deg lexla, yettnadi w’ara d-isellek ; netta s nneyya-s yetthummu kan, ur yeẓri ma s tidet i yeḍra kra, ma ilaq ad d-iger iman-is neɣ ala, maca itemmeɣ ; dɣa yal tikelt yettaf yeɣleḍ deg leḥsab-is, yeggar iman-is deg wayen ur t-nerzi armi yeṛwa tiytiwin. Di tilawt, kra din yettenbeddal gar wallen-is seg wakken yuḍen, am tikelt mi yekcem deg yiwen usensu n wedrar, yufa din timesdurar yenwa-tent d yessi-s n sslaṭen ukud i ilaq ad yissin amek ara yelḥu, ihi ula d din ixelleṣ-itt. Daymi taqsiṭ-is tessaḍsay nezzeh, tugart imi aɣanib n Cervantes yebna ɣef usaran[6], ahat ulac lemtel-is deg tira. Γas in’as d ayen i t-yeǧǧan mucae, maca yeččur daɣen d tamusni lqayen n wawal, inzan d tengalin i d-yettuɣalen daxel n wullis agejdan, ladɣa deg idewenniyen n Don Kicuṭ d Sancu Panza i yettekttiren deg wawal, acku ula d netta yettekka deg tedyanin akk i d-mmugren.
Azal-is
Annect-a yakk yerra ungal-a yeṭṭef amkan meqqren deg tgemmi taseklant tamḍlant, imi ula d kra n yismawen izeddiɣen kecmen deg tutlayin tuṛufiyin uɣalen d awalen n menwala, amedya deg tefransist : dulcinée (taḥbibt, taxḍibt), rocinante (aeudiw). Llant daɣ tenfaliyin i d-yekkan syin qqiment d lemtul, am m’ara s-tiniḍ yettnaɣ ḥedd d tessirin n waḍu, meḥsub yekkat deg wulac, acku teḍra-yas i Don Kicuṭ asmi d-yemmuger tissirin n waḍu s yiɣallen-nsent meqqren, iɣil d ḥedd igehguhen[7], ihi ieedda ad yennaɣ yid-sen. Syin i d-tekka tenfalin mucaeen : anuɣ d tessirin (se battre avec des moulin).
Yerna ahat izen amezwar n wungal d wa ; imi ulamma imeɣriyen n lqern wis 17 ḥesben-t tagnit kan i taḍsa d tukksa n lxiq, wid i d-iḍefren, tugart deg tallit-nni n tegrawla tafransist ; walan-t d amedya i umdan izemren ad yeseu lḥeqq weḥd-s mgal timetti s lekmal-is. Lḥasun, ayen i d-yewwi d ayen icerken talsa merra ; ahat ad yili ḥedd ssya d asawen ara t-id-yerren ɣer teqbaylit am akken yella deg tuget n tutlayin umaḍal, maca aya d asenfaṛ meqqren, ma yefka-yas ḥedd akud yessefk ad ad ilin imeɣriyen ara t-id-yafen.
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Γef ungal Aɣyul n wureɣ n Ufulay (Apuleius)Commentaires » 0
Sɣur Samir Tighzert
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« Aɣyul n wureɣ » d adlis i yura umyaru amaziɣ Afulay (Apuleus) di lqern wis sin seld Talalit. Yettuneḥsab d ungal amezwaru maḍi deg umezruy n talsa. Yura-t s tlaṭinit.
Ullis i d-yeddan deg-s iḥekku-d ɣef yiwen ilemẓi iwumi qqaren Lusyus (d isem umaru s yiman-is) i yunagen ɣer tmurt Igrigiyen ɣef kra n ccɣel ; yuɣ lḥal Lusyus-a d awnaf aṭas, iḥemmel ad yefhem u ad imeḥḥeṣ di kra yellaun, akken i iteddu yettnadi armi yeereḍ ad yekcem deg lumuṛ n ssḥur d wid i ten-ixeddmen, dɣa yessen-d yiwet n tmeṭṭut, d taqeddact n umdakel-is Milu uɣur yerza, tezdi-ten tayri kra n wussan deg uxxam-nni, akken armi d yiwwas teereḍ ad t-teiwen s ukerrer akken ad yuɣal d igider ; maca i ẓẓher amcum, yuɣal d aɣyul, ihi din i d-bdant lmertat-is d icaliyen-is n leetab akked wid i d-yemlal gar imakaren, iqettalen, imeksawen, ieebbaden n yilluten, imeṛkantiyen d wiyaḍ ; ayen ur nfukk armi t-terra tillut Izis (d tillut tamaṣrit) ɣer ṣṣifa-s tanaṣlit n wemdan. Deg teqsiṭ, m’akken yella deg tfekka n uɣersiw bu-rebea iḍarren, allaɣ n Lusyus yeqqim d win n wemdan kan, daymi yessaweḍ ad d-yedlu ɣef ayen yeffren deg tmetti, cceṛ akk yettmaggan ideg ilaq ad yettekki tikwal netta s yiman-is, yerna acḥal d abrid i yewweḍ ɣer yimi n lmut, s ẓẓher kan i imennee. Ihi d tilufa iwumi yeḥḍer i d-yewwi deg wullis-is anda i d-yessexlaḍ tiqsiḍin d tmucuha iwumi isell daɣen ɣer wiyaḍ ssya ɣer da. Dɣa taxatart gar-asent d tin n Psici (Psyché) d Cupidu i d-iḍehren i tekelt tamezwarut deg udlis-a syin tuɣal terna ɣer tmitulugit taqburt. Aɣanib n umeskar yeččur d asaran[1] ; s kra la d-yettales, yettarra kulci ɣer yir ẓẓher i t-yeṭṭafaren anda yekka uqbel ad kfunt fell-as. Dɣa ɣer tagara yuɣal d axewni ameqqran ibedden i tillut i t-id-isellken si yir tumelt[2] i yesbur acḥal d ayyuren.
Azal-is :
Ungal-a yewwi-d ad t-issinen akk Imaziɣen imi d win i d-yesbeyyinen amur iss i ttekkan lejdud-nsen deg lebni n yidles amaḍlan s lekaml-is, ulamma s tutlayt-iḍen. Ugar n ccbaḥa n tira-s i yettaǧǧan yal amdan ad inadi ɣef laṣel-is, Afulay yella wayen i d-yessedda seg wayla-nneɣ, am ubrid i ss i d-yewwi kra n tmucuha, imi llan tura imnuda i tent-yessaẓayen ɣer tgemmi tamaziɣt n lawan-nni.
[1] Humour
[2] Aspect
Awal n mass Md Akli Salḥi ɣef wungal « Tiyita n tmeddit » (s tefransist)Commentaires » 0
Lecture du Dr Mohand Akli Salhi – enseignant-chercheur au département de langue et culture amazighes de l’université de Tizi-Ouzou
(Publié sur son compte Facebook).
Tiyita n tmeddit est le premier roman de Samir Tighzert. Dans la quatrième de la couverture, on informe le lecteur qu’est également auteur d’une traduction en kabyle d’une nouvelle de Gogol.
Le roman en question ici est un récit de 136 pages dont les six dernières sont consacrées à la présentation bilingue du lexique néologique utilisé dans le texte. Organisé en 10 chapitres, ce roman est traversé par un malentendu entre les deux personnages principaux, Ḥmed Ubandu et Mḥend Umaryus. Ce malentendu, qui remonte à leur jeune âge où moment ils allaient s’engager dans la guerre de libération, se transforme en un véritable secret. Ce dernier se tisse comme une toile de fond laissant les incompréhensions de Ḥmed Ubandu s’exprimer et les rumeurs colportées par les gens, à propos du passé de Mḥend Umaryus, prendre pour longtemps la place de la vérité. Ces rumeurs donnent Mḥend Umeryus comme un traitre durant la révolution de 54-62. Ḥmed Ubandu n’a pas compris pourquoi Mḥend Umeryus n’a pas pris les armes, comme lui, pendant cette guerre. Ce dernier s’est désengagé à la dernière minute. Le secret de cette raison est gardé jusqu’aux derniers moments de la vie de Ḥmed Ubandu. La divulgation de ce secret, est différée à plusieurs reprises dans le roman ; Mḥend Umeryus a accompli cet acte, comme une confession intime et une libération de conscience, au moment où son ami allait rendre son dernier souffle suite à sa blessure par balle.
En narration alternée, les épisodes de ce récit oscillent entre le présent et le passé. Les chapitres se suivent en alternant les affaires quotidiennes du présent et les souvenirs des deux protagonistes principaux. Dans ce mouvement, de va-et-vient entre les dépits et les tracasseries de leur vieillesse et la mémoire de leur enfance et de leur jeunesse, se glissent les commentaires du narrateur et des personnages. Les thèmes des commentaires ou des digressions sont variés : problèmes de langues et d’identité, la trahison, la misère, l’enfance, etc. C’est assez attrayant dans plusieurs endroits.
Le narrateur change de posture suivant les moments à raconter. Il est omniscient quand il raconte le présent. Il devient personnage racontant les souvenirs de l’enfance ou de la jeunesse. Par moments, la narration est simultanée au déroulement des événements, ce qui donne au propos du narrateur une proximité très rapprochée avec notamment les deux personnages principaux.
Ce mouvement d’alternance du passée et du présent donne au texte une valeur certaine. C’est dans ce dialogue entre les questionnements et les déceptions de la vieillesse et la mémoire revisitée à volonté de l’enfance et de la jeunesse que se joue la beauté de ce texte. C’est un pari gagné de ce côté-là.
Le lecteur peut toutefois regretter l’expression un peu forcée dans certains passages, laissant apparaître les conditions de quasi-traduction due à la pression des langues en présence dans l’acte créatif. L’usage de « coordonnant » « dakken », qui vient perturber la spontanéité de l’expression, en est une trace tangible.
Comme première expérience romanesque, elle mérite vraiment les encouragements des lecteurs ; l’auteur doit en faire un point de départ, assez prometteur, pour de nouveaux projets d’écriture romanesque.
Mohand Akli SALHI
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Awal n mass Naser Ayt Weeli ɣef wungal « Tiyita n tmeddit » (s tefransist)Commentaires » 0
Lecture du Dr Nacerddine Aït Ouali – Chercheur, docteur en littérature française
(Publié sur son compte Facebook)
« Tiyita n tmeddit » (Littéralement, « Le Coup de l’après-midi ») est le premier roman en kabyle de Samir Tighzert. Amis depuis leur adolescence, Dda Ḥmed Ubandu et Dda Mḥend Umaryus se perdent de vue au début de la guerre d’indépendance. Ils se retrouvent longtemps après. C’est l’occasion pour eux de replonger dans le souvenir de leur passé par le rappel de souvenir et la visite de lieux fréquentés pendant leur jeunesse. Cette visite sera fatale à Dda Ḥmed Ubandu qui sera atteint d’une balle mortelle destinée à son ami. Ce dernier achèvera ses « confessions » devant les proches de son ami à l’hôpital en s’adressant à ce dernier qui vivait ses dernières heures.
Les va-et-vient entre le présent et le passé font vivre au lecteur une histoire présente qui prend ses « racines » durant la période coloniale et la guerre de libération. Que l’écriture littéraire en kabyle s’intéresse à ce moment de l’histoire (qui a vu la Kabylie payer un lourd tribut pour l’indépendance de l’Algérie) est une façon de rendre justice à cette région et à ses combattants.
Les liens dans le texte avec la revendication identitaire berbère sont aussi intéressants : les causes justes méritent d’être défendues.
Le dispositif d’écriture adopté, notamment au niveau narratif, a permis de produire un récit qui se lit (même si c’est de façon inégale) avec un certain plaisir. L’usage d’unité lexicales et de tours linguistique (qui paraissent au lecteur que je suis) particuliers à la région native de l’auteur apportent un plus à la langue.
Le potentiel littéraire de l’auteur gagnerait en puissance avec plus de travail sur le plan linguistique (syntaxe et lexique), ainsi qu’un plus grand soin dans le passage de l’oral à l’écrit. En résumé les exigences qui peuvent permettre de produire de grands romans si on ne veut pas se contenter de faire de bons romans.
- Necer Ait Ouali-
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D taqbaylit neɣ d tamaziɣt ?Commentaires » 2
Aṭas n medden i ireffun, d Imaziɣen s umata neɣ d Iqbayliyen, am akken yettɣiḍ-iten lḥal yal m’ara d-nini tutalyt taqbaylit ur d-nenna ara tamaziɣt, dɣa wa yettarra-tt ɣer tsertit, wa ɣer wayen nniḍen. Llan wid yettwalin belli nebɣa ad d-nennser seg umezruy amaziɣ akken ad d-nesnulfu wayeḍ ɣef lqae, imi nutni ḍemeen ad qqimen deg tallit-nni n Tmazɣa taqburt i ssaramen ad d-tuɣal, tin akken yesdukklen imdanen si Maṣer armi d Aṭlantik, seg Wagrakal alma d timura n Mali d Nnijer. A w’i yufan, lukan yella wakken, neɣ lukan xersum yezmer ad yili ! Acku ula deg leqrun-nni tantaliwin llant yakan mgaradent, yenna-t-id Stéphane Gsell[1] i t-yufan ɣer yemura igrigiyen d Iṛumaniyen i ixulḍen lejdud-nneɣ si zzman-nni uqbel Talalit. Imir imezdaɣ n Tefriqt Ugafa merra llan d imaziɣen, err-itt-id ihi tura imi nennebḍa yakk annect-a.
Ihi ayen yessaram yiwen iban, ma d tilawt d ayen nniḍen yerna rẓaget. Akal-aezizen fell-aɣ mačči yiwet kan i ieeddan fell-as. D leqrun mi ttemseḍfarent temhersiwin[2] ɣur-neɣ, tettbeddil tmetti, ttemxalafent leewayed d tmusniwin rennunt ula d timeslayin. Ladɣa segmi d-tekcem taerabt talemmast di tmura yakk n Tmazɣa, teṭṭef lakulat d imidyaten armi yuɣal yessagad yimal n tsutiwin i d-iteddun deg ubrid ara aɣent.
D acu ma nuɣal-d ɣer umeslay ɣef tmaziɣt, ilaq ad neqbel belli awal n “tmaziɣt” mačči d yiwet n tutlayt kan i yessegraw, d aṭas n tutlayin i d-yeqqersen seg-s. Akken yebɣu yiwen yessarem, yettaf dima ayen ara d-ibeyynen aya. Deg tneqqiṭ-a, ad d-nebdu s umedya n ccna d uẓawan. Ma neqqim deg Lezzayer kan, anwa Aqbayli bu-tidet, ara d-yenin ifehhem taɣect tacawit akken yebɣa, neɣ Acawi ara yegzun taɣect n teqbaylit s ttfaṣil ? Akka yerna, snat-a tmeslayin mqaraben nezzeh deg tesnilest[3], acu ara d-nini ihi ɣef tmeslayin n Itergiyen ? uma ma nuɣal nesserwes taqbaylit d tcelḥit( di Lmerruk), ad naf aɣbel d wayeḍ. Imi s tjerrumt-nsent, s tseftit tikwal, ttemgaradent. Γas in’as i necrek yid-sen ala tamawalt taqburt, yerna ula d tin nettmagar deg-s uguren meqqren, ladɣa imi tikwal d ayen irezzun awalen n yal ass am m’ara d-nini Tamɣart, tamṭṭut meqqren deg leemer s teqbylit, ɣur Icelḥiyen d tameṭṭut kan, m’ara timɣur deg leemer qqaren-as tawssart ; neɣ ma nmuqel amyag Γli, s teqbaylit d ɣelluy i nessen, s tcelḥit ɣas in’as d anemgal-is : ali, qqaren tɣwli tafukt (icreq-d yiṭij), ɣwliɣ ɣ isefkal (uliɣ deg tedrujin).
Hatan ihi amek tezmer ad temgirred tmaziɣt si tmennaṭ ɣer tayeḍ, yerna annect-a ur nehdir ara ead ɣef tɣara n tmeslayt i yesseeraqen ugar taywalt gar Imaziɣen.
Si tami-iḍen, yessefk fell-aɣ ad d-nemmekti belli awal-a n tutlayt tamaziɣt i t-id-yewwin d taḍullit[4] umennuɣ asmi ttruẓen medden asalu ; ma d tura mi d-ldint zzat-neɣ waṭas n tewwura i d-ḥellan ineɣmasen s wayen ɣlayen deg tudert-nsen, yewwi-d ɣef yal win d tin iḥemmlen tutlayt-is ad meyyzen tura s wumdem-iḍen, atrar, ussnan, uɣẓin. Imir ilaq ad neḥsu d acu yebnan yal tutlayt ibedden assa deg umaḍal : agmay, tajerrumt, d tmawalt. Yuɣ lḥal d aya i yebḍan tutlayin timaziɣin, akken yebɣu yiwen yargu. Ihi ayen ilaqen d leqdic, d tira akked tuẓin ɣer zzat. Syin ma yal tamennaṭ tbedd i “tantala” i d-tewṛet, tesnefli-tt armi s-tefka yakk allalen iss ara telḥu, tezmer ad tecrek abrid-is d tiyaḍ, ama deg tmawalt taqburt i ilaq ad d-nessekfel di yal amkan, neɣ asnulfu d ureṣṣi n wawalen imaynuten i zemren daɣen Yimaziɣen ad cerken.
Assa di tilawt, iban d taqbaylit i d-yelḥan amecwar meqqren deg taɣult-a di Lezzayer, maca ula d tacelḥit di Lmeṛṛuk, tewweḍ iswiren yessefraḥen, imi aselmed-is simmal yettnerni (ulamma sean ugur n tfinaɣ iɣef ur msefhamen), yerna aṭas n yedlisen i d-ssufɣen tagara-yi s tutlayt-a tamaziɣt. Ihi ma yeereḍ yiwen deg snat-a n tmura, ad yeqqen timeslayin-a ɣer tiyaḍ, d aseereq kan ara yesseereq timsal, imi werǧin yesnulfa-d ugdud tutlayt ur yettmeslay deg tudert-is, d tantaliwin kan i yettimɣuren alamma qqlent s wazal-nsent ; dɣa ayen iɣef ara yesḥissef yiwen, d kra n imusnawen ikadimyen deg tesdawiyin, i d-mazal bɣan ad wellhen medden deg tnila-ya n usufeɣ n yiwet tmaziɣt ara tent-ijemlen merra, ɣas akken ẓran d awezɣi.
Taneggarut, tamslalt mačči d ayen yerzan tasertit neɣ leḥsab-iḍen, akken yebɣu yili, d lfayda n tutlayt kan i nebɣa ad nessezwir u ad neǧǧ ɣer deffir tirga ur nebni ɣef kra n llsas. Imi yal mi tuẓa yiwet n tutlayt tamaziɣt, d arbaḥ kan ara d-rebḥent tid ukud tecrek laṣel-is deg teswiet-a ideg ur ɣ-ilaq ad nesruḥ akud, nekni i yerja ubrid ɣezzifen i useǧhed d usekfel n tmagit-nneɣ s umata seld mi truḥ ad tɣib deg tatut.
S. Tighzert
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[1] Histoire ancienne de l’Afrique du nord, tome VI, langues et écritures.
[2] Colonilaismes.
[3] Linguisitique.
[4] Nécessité.
Tadiwennit akked ucennay Hamid Aït MelloulCommentaires » 0
Yeffeɣ-d deg uɣmis Tiɣremt (la Cité) ass n 04/12/2016
Yesteqsa-t Maklidir Iɣil Wis
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Ḥamid ayt Mellul d anaẓur i d-tefka taddart n Tgubba i d-yezgan deg tɣiwant n Ticci (Bgayet), d aselmad di tesdawit n Bgayet, damedyaz, yexdem ddeqs n telatin, i mazal ur d-ffiɣent, yesseẓreg-d yiwet n tesfift s wazal-is deg useggas n 2006, yefka azal i tezlit taqbayit, s lecraha i d-yerra tiririt i yesteqsiyen-nneɣ, ḍefret-d ihi tadiwennit-a.
Deg tazawara, anwa i d Lḥamid Ayt Mellul?
Ḥamid Ayt Mellul, isem-is aḥaqqani Ḥamid Tiɣzert, illul deg taddart n Tgubba, taɣiwant n Ticci. Tura atan d aselmad di Tsadwit n Bagyet, Tasdawit ideg yeɣra yakan netta s yiman-is.
D acu i k-d-yewwin ɣer ccna d tmedyazt?
Ad k-d-iniɣ sseḥ. Segmi lliɣ d aqcic d ameẓyan, ufiɣ-d agiṭar deg uxxam, ufiɣ-d gma ameqran Akli icennu, ixeddem tizlatin d isefra (ar ass-a mazal-it yessefraw) ; am akken i d-ufiɣ daɣen ala iḍebsiyen n Ayt Mengellat, d Sliman Eazem d wiyaḍ i ten-yecban… d aya i yi-d-yewwin ɣer ubrid-a n ccna d tmedyazt.
Γef acu tesfraweḍ:
Tizilit tamezwarut i xedmeɣ, rriɣ-tt d tajmilt i Dda Lmulud At Meemmer. Lliɣ seiɣ 14 iseggasen di leemer-iw. Syin akin, xedmeɣ aṭas n tezlatin d isefra. Ahat ugar n meyya. Ttaruɣ ttarraɣ ɣer ṭṭerf. Cniɣ ɣef tayri, ɣef ddunit d temsirin-is, tikwal daɣen ɣef tsertit.
Tessiẓrgeḍ-d-d deg 2006 yiwet n tesfift, ssin akkin ulac amaynut, tḥebseḍ neɣ d allalen ay ulac ?
Ulamma ttawil ixuṣṣ ad d-iniɣ mačči d win i y-ieeṭṭlen. D abrid n ccna s umata i iweeren. Asiẓreg s webrid aqbuṛ ur yessufuɣ ara ass-ayi, acku tura ɣas in’as yuɣal d ttjaṛa kan. Ma ur tcennuḍ ara i tmeɣra, ur d-tettafeḍ w’ara d-yelhun yid-k ma tebɣiḍ ad txedmeḍ ayen zeddigen.Uɣaleɣ beddelɣ abrid, deg teswiet ɣer tayeḍ srusuɣ kra n tezlatin deg Internet. Meena ttxemmimeɣ ad uɣaleɣ ɣer ustudyu akken ad sskelseɣ tisfifin-iḍen ssya d asawen imi tuɣac llant.
Efk-d tamuɣli-k ɣef liḥala n tezlit taqbaylit n wass-a ?
Zik qqaren anaẓur d lemri n tmetti. Ass-a ccukeɣ lḥala tenneqlab. Ittɣiḍ lḥal imi tikwal d icennayen imeqranen s yiman-nsen i d-yessaṭaren deg uswir-nsen iwakken ad eeǧben i madden. Ass-a di ccna n tqbaylit tella tesmekta (la quantité) meena ulac ayen yelhan deg tɣara (qualité). Γas akken mazal llan wid icennun ayen zeddigen, ttaeraḍen ad xedmen ayen yelhan. D acu cukkeɣ lḥal ahat ad ibeddel kra wass, imdanen ad eyun si ccna n tmeɣriwin u ad uɣalen ad nadin ɣef ayen nniḍen, imir ad s-yuɣal wazal i usferu deg tezlit am isegassen-nni n 70 d 80.
Anwi icennayen d yimedyazen iqbayliyen d yiberraniyen i tḥemmleḍ
Ḥemmleɣ s lketra icennayen iqdimen. Ait Menguellet, d Ferḥat Imula uɣur i d-nejreɣ ṣṣenf n tmedyazt i ttaruɣ. Dɣa yessewham lḥal m’ara nmuqel, yiwen am Ferḥat ssnen-t medden d argaz aserti kan, yerna ayen yexdem deg uẓawan(musique) akked isefra d ayen lqayen ur ixeddem menwala. Gar wid i ḥemmelɣ, llan daɣen wiyaḍ si tsuta taneggarut, i umedya ad d-adrɣ Eebbas n At Rzin. Ma d iberraniyen, smeḥsiseɣ i icennayen iqdimen icennun s tefransist. Gar-sen s lketra Joe Dassin d Enrico Macias.
Ma nniɣ-ak Tagguba d acu ara y-id-tiniḍ ?
Tagguba d taddart-iw. Taddart deg i luleɣ. Anda ruḥeɣ ad d-uɣaleɣ ɣur-s.
Ahat yella wacu i tebɣiḍ ad theḍreḍ ur k-id-seqsaɣ ara fella-s ?
Ad cekreɣ s waṭas aɣmis La Cité i d-yefkan tagnit akken ad meslayeɣ ɣef tesfift “Aseggaḍ n lḥut”.
D acu ara sen-tiniḍ i yilemẓiyen d tlemẓiyin-nneɣ ?
Ad sen-iniɣ belli sean ẓẓher imi d-lulen deg tallit-a n tiknulijit tatrart. Meena annect-a yerra-ten tteicen s waṭas deg ddunit tasugnant kan (le virtuel) ma zemreɣ ad t-id-iniɣ akka. Ad sen-d-greɣ ihi tiɣri i wakken ad d-ffɣen ciṭuḥ si tuɣult tumḍint (numérique) u ad d-uɣalen ɣer tilawt ssya ɣer da, akken ad fken lweqt, amedya, i tɣuri n yedlisen d leqdic deg wayen akk izemren ad yesnerni idles-nneɣ.
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Kra n tuɣac n Hamid Aït Melloul deg Youtube :
1) I yitran d tziri :
2) Lxiq
4) Cciṭan
« Ameslub », d adlis sɣur Xalil ǦebranCommentaires » 0
Ameslub, isefra-s d tengalin-is ; d adlis umaru alubnani Xalil Ǧebran i d-yerra Samir Tighzert ɣer teqbaylit, taswiet-a yettnuz deg lulu.com kan.
Tukkist si tezwert n umsuɣel :
Win ara yeɣren Adlis-a taɣuri tafsisant kan, ad s-yini s tidet, yettmeslay-d ɣef yimi n ḥedd iselben, neɣ maḍi d amesllub i t-yuran ! Maca akken ara yeɣz yimeɣri s telqey deg imeslayen i d-yeddan deg-s, u ad imeḥḥeṣ deg yal awal di yal aḍris si 35-a yemgaraden, ad yaf belli yeɣleḍ deg usizref-is amezwaru, acku tamuɣli yellan deg-sen lqayet, iznen i d-ttceyyiɛen ččuren d inumak, akken yuɣ tannumi umeskar-nsen Xalil Ǧenran yettsisti-ten-id.
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Deg wayen yerzan Ameslub i yettwarun s tneglizit deg useggas 1918, am Nnbi, ur yeqqin ara ɣer yiwen n ṣṣenf aseklan ibanen ; yella win ara d-yinin yesdukkel-iten akk am akken ara d-yini wayeḍ yeffeɣ-asen merra. Lḥasun tuget gar yeḍrisen-a malen ugar ɣer tmedyazt tatrart, ṭṭfen daɣ ɣer tmacahut ɣas akken tikwal ttaken lewhi ula ɣer tira tuɣrisin, imi am akken i d-yedda deg uzwel, amskar-nsen yerra kra seg-sen d tingalin, meḥsub d ayen icban tiqsiḍin timecṭaḥ i d-yettawi umdan akken ad yenhu ḥedd, ad d-yesmekti kra neɣ ad d-yawi tamsirt ɣef kra n temsalt.
Tukkisin seg udlis :
Anwa i d Xalil Ǧebran ?
Ǧebran Xalil Ǧebran d amyaru alubnani, d amedyaz, d ameklaw ; ilul ass n 06 deg yennayer 1883 di Bacari (Lubnan), yemmut ass n 10 deg yebrir 1931 di New York ; yella yettaru s taɛrabt d tneglizit maca yettwassen ugar s udlis-is Nnbi i yura s tneglizit, ma s taɛrabt yeǧǧa-d ungalen yecban Afriwen yerrẓen ; tullisin am tid i d-yeddan deg wammud Tanekra n terwiḥin, d waṭas n tmedyazt. Ameslub i yura s tneglizit deg useggas 1918, d tallunt i yekfa i kra si tikta-s i d-yewwi s tengalin, tineqqisin neɣ s isefra.
Ameslub deg lulu.com (ttekki da)
« Tiyita n tmeddit », ungal amaynut ɣer tsekla taqbaylitCommentaires » 0
Tiyita n tmeddit, d ungal i d-yeffɣen ussan-a sɣur Samir Tighzert.
Ayen iɣef d-yewwi :
Ḥmed d Mḥend d sin warrac i tezdi tdukli deg iseggasen-nni n 40 ; mi yekker ṭṭraḍ yerna yezri wakud, uɣalen mfaraqen, yal wa d ubrid yewwi neɣ d tudert i d-yemlal ; maca ɣas gar-asen teqqim telluɣ tegnit acḥal, ismektiyen n temẓi i ten-icerken, ladɣa ayen yerzan ussan i sɛeddan deg uxxam n yiwen Uṛumi i yellan d aeessas n teẓgi, d wid ara d-yasen ad ten-ssemyagren ɣer ccib-nsen ; yuɣ lḥal deg tudert n yiwen seg-sen i iɣaben ddeqs ɣef allen, ziɣ yella wayen yeffren ; taekemt ẓẓayet, ccekk werǧin yeffiɣ allaɣen, ternuḍ lxiq d usḥissef i yeṭṭafaren amdan, tugart di tmurt n wassa ur neqqim d tin n zik.
Ungal-a yessemlalen abeḥri n temẓi d tmusni n temɣer, d imseɣret i tdukli, d tamawt ɣer kra n yeḥricen seg umezruy-nneɣ d wayen icudden assa ɣer yiḍelli. Si tama n teqsiṭ i d-yeddan deg-s, yezmer ad yettusmel deg wayen iwumi neqqar apulaṛ neɣ atriler, maca telqey n tira-s d wudem i s-yefka umeskar, ahat d ayen ara d-yeglun daɣen s umaynut i tsekla taqbaylit.
Ameskar :
Samir Tighzert ilul deg useggas 1978 di tɣiwant n Ticci (Bgayet), yeɣra deg tujjya. D amedyaz, d amaru ; ɣer tama n wugal-a, yura daɣen idlisen-iḍen s tutlayt tafransist am akken i d-yerra kra n yeḍrisen ɣer teqbaylit, gar-asen “Anzaren”, tullist yettwassnen n Nikolaï Gogol.
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Anda yettnuz :
Ungal-a yettnuz yakan di kra n tnedlisin gar-asent :
– Tizi Wezzu : Librairie Cheikh.
- Lezzayer tamanaɣt, di Sṭawali (La grande surface en face du marché).
- Bgayet :
Librairie le Pont + Librairie du Campus (almendad n tesdawit, Targa Uzemmur).
Tinedlisin i d-yezgan almendad n tesdawit Ubudaw (campus Aboudaw).
- Awqas : Librairie Zaïdi, alemdad n ssuq.
- Akked Lulu.com i wid yettidiren deg tmura n Tuṛuft (Europe) neɣ di Marikan d Kanada.
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Awal n mass Muḥend Akli Salḥi ɣef wungal-a
Awal n mass Naser Ayt Weeli ɣef wungal-a
Asebter n wedlis deg Facebook (page )
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Mačči d asefru kan…Commentaires » 0
Sɣur Samir Tighzert
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Cfiɣ-d i Ben Ḥanafi yenna yiwwas di rradyu, deg tesgilt-is iwumi yeqqar Γef yiri n lkanun, belli ulac i iweren di ddunit am ccḍeḥ akked d isefra n Leqbayel. Tura ta d tamuɣli-s, netta yeǧǧa ddunit-a, mačči d ayen yenna ara nessenqed, maca tikti-ya tettawi-yaɣ ɣer yiwet n taluft ideg ilaq ad nmuqel. Di tilawt, yal aɣref yesea ccḍeḥ-is d isefra-s, yetzuxxu yes-sen akken nettzuxxu nekni ; d acu, ɣur-neɣ, ikad-iyi-d ahat needda tilas acemma anda ur ilaq.
Mačči deg tgemmi-nneɣ i bɣiɣ ad d-wwteɣ. Am akken neẓra, idles-nneɣ aṭas i yedder deg timawit, awalen akk i ɣ-d-yeqqimen ruḥen-d seg wa ɣer wa, armi d lqern wis 19 i tebda tutlayt-nneɣ tattwaruy. Si tama nniḍen, d isefra d tmucuha kan i irefden taktawt n tmetti deg wayen yerzan tasekla, nufa-d i yelhan deg-s, nugem u mazal ad nagem. Aya di tallitin tiqburin. Syin, mi d-tewwi Lezzayer timunent, tutlayt d tmagit[1] tiqbayliyin rnant qqlent ɣer ṭṭerf, yezzi-yasent meḥyaf armi d-kkren imeɣmasen, dɣa gar-asen llan inaẓuren ara d-yawin fell-as s tmedyazt-nni-nsen talqayant i d-yessukin acḥal d tafrit[2] ; yerna deg taɣunt[3]-a, nezmer ad d-nini belli ahat ulac taɣect yecban taɣect taqbaylit di Tferka merra si tama n yeḍrisen — iban, da heddreɣ-t ɣef wasmi tella tbedd tezlit-nneɣ ɣef yiḍarren-is akken ilaq —.
D acu, ahat sseba syin i d-tekka, imi ar tura asefru yezga yeṭṭef nnig wayen i s-ilaqen d amkan deg yidles-nneɣ, ssawḍen medden ssekcamen-d ṣṣenf-a n tsekla di yal aḍris, di yal afaris[4] adelsan, ula d isura llan wid i sen-igan idiwenniyen[5] s isefra ! Ihi iwakken ad d-nini tidet kan, tamedyazt tesea azal-is, nezga la tt-nettqader imawlan-is, maca yal aḥric s wemkan-is ; iwakken ad yemmed yidles, timetti ilaq-as ad telhu daɣ d wayen nniḍen. Tutlayt mačči ɣef yisefra kan i tbennu, imal-is atan daɣen deg tesrit[6], deg yedlisen yemgaraden d tɣuri-nsen iɣef i ilaq ad nendeh, war ma nettu amezgun d wayen nniḍen. Tura tallit tbeddel, afud ara yefk yiwen i tutlayt ilaq ad d-yebdu seg uɣerbaz, lḥaṣun seg imecṭaḥ daɣen iwumi ilaq ad yesseḥbiber yiwen, i yeḥwaǧen sen-d-iheyyi ayen ara ɣren akken ad aɣen aẓar lqayen, si temẓi, deg tutlayt tayemmat.
Deg tazwara n umagrad, nuder-d daɣen ccḍeḥ ; neẓra belli d ayen icudden s idles-nneɣ, am uẓawan afulkluri i ɣ-d-ǧǧan lejdud, d yiwen seg wudmawen n yidles aqbayli, maca mačči d win kan ara nessizwir deg tegnatin usfugel[7] i d-yettilin ; ilaq-aɣ ad t-neǧǧ deg umkan am akken ara neǧǧ tiqnedyard ibernas i teswiet-nsen kan, ma ibaqulen ireqmen tamkant-nsen atta deg isalayen[8] ; ma ulac d tallit n zik kan iɣer nettaqal, medden deg umaḍal din kan ara ɣ-d-ttwalin ; tudert-nneɣ akk ad telhu kan i tezrawin[9] n wiyaḍ. Tura i ilaqen d isaragen ara yeggten, d tifaskiwin n teskla ara d-ijemlen akk leṣnaf, d isura imsudar [10], d asebɣes n wid akk iqeddcen i tutlayt ansi bɣun kken-d. Yewwi-d fell-aɣ ad neddu d teswiet s wayla-nneɣ, s tutlayt-nneɣ d wayen akk i nekseb i nezmer ara nebḍu d leǧnas i ɣ-d-yezzin, nekni ad nawi sɣur-sen, nutni ad nawi sɣur-neɣ.
[1] Identité
[2] Conscience
[3] Domaine
[4] Produit
[5] Dialogues
[6] Prose
[7] Célébration
[8] Musée (asalay)
[9] Etudes
[10] Professionnel (amsadur)
….
Copyright © S.Tighzert 2016
Amek tettnerni tutlayt s tiraCommentaires » 0
Sɣur Samir Tighzert
…………………………………
D tidet, mačči d ayen ara neffer, taqbaylit ar assa tettuneḥsab gar tutlayin tigellilin, meḥsub mazal-itt di lexṣas, ama si tama n umawal neɣ deg usmeres-is s umata di tudert n yal ass ; acku tutlayt ma ur tt-qqaren ara inelmaden s wudem aḥeqqani deg uɣerbaz yerna ur tesei ula d aɣmis i yettwarun yess, fiḥel ma nnuda ɣef ayen nniḍen, ɣas in’as attan di lqae n wanu. Ma d ssebba tban, mačči d ayen ara neiwed ad d-nfeṣṣel deg umagrad-a, imi am akken neẓra yakk, ayen i s-yeǧǧa umezruy ideg teqqel ɣer ṭṭerf, ikemmel-as-t udabu s tsertit-is i d-yewwi si tmunent-nni ɣer da.
Maca iswi-nneɣ dayi d ayen nniḍen. Ilaq-aɣ ad numuqel lexṣas-a d acu-t, ma dlan fell-as s tidet akk Yeqbayiliyen,ma ɣur-neɣ kan i yella neɣ ma yesɛa kra n tifra-t.
Ihi tazwara yewwi-d ad d-nesmekti dakken taqbaylit mačči weḥd-s kan i tettmagar uguren am wiyi, llant waṭas n tutlayin di ddunit i tt-ucban, i yettidiren ayen tettidir, yerna kra deg-sent ur eebbant ara meḥyaf n kra udabu. Amedya ara d-nejbed d win n tṭerkit. Ad d-nesmekti dakken tamurt n Tterk zik tella d tamnekda[1] tameqqrant, teṭṭef-d seg umalu n Lezzayer n tura alamma d akkin i Leiraq ; tella muhab-itt, igelliden n Tuṛuft akk teǧǧa-d deg-sen ṛṛujuj seg wakken teweeer-asen, sguman ad tt-sseɣlin.Yerna ɣas akken, igelliden n Temnekda Taeetmanit ur tufiḍ i gan i yidles-nsen ; imusnawen yeddren seddaw tecḍaṭ-nsen lhan-d kan d ddin, ma d tasekla d tussna ur ǧǧuǧgent ara akken uɣent amkan imiren di tmura nniḍen Tuṛuft…
Annect-a nuɣal ɣur-s i wakken ad d-nini belli ɣas ma teǧhed tmurt, ɣas ma yella uwanek[2] i ibedden i tutlayt, yettili wanda ara tenṭerr ma ur d-lhan ara yid-s wid i tt-yettmesmayen s tsekla d umuqel ɣer wayen i s-d-yezzin. Ara assa, di tmurt n Ṭṭerk aṭas n imyura i yettarun s teglizit imi ttwalin taṭerkit ur tessaweḍ ara aswir elayen akken ad yizmir yiwen ad yaru yess s telqey, imi ur ttafen ara deg-s awalen iwulmen i tektiwin-nsen akken i ten-ttafen deg tutlayin nniḍen. Maca mačči merra, llan wid yeṭṭfen di laṣel am akken qqqaren ; ɣas akken ula d widak tezga terwi gar-asen imi ggten wid ur nḥemmel ad ssmersen awalen i d-yekkan si tutlayin teberraniyin ama si taerabt, takurdit neɣ tafarisit. Aya yenna-t-id ula d Urhan Pamuk, amyaru-nsen ameqqran iwumi fkan yakan arraz Nobel di 2006 ɣas ma yettaru s tṭerkit. Ihi mi t-steqsan ɣef akka, yenna belli d lexṣas n tutlayt-is tayemmat i t-yeǧǧan ad d-yelhu yid-s, imi akken yettaru yiwen i yettnadi ɣef wawalen, i ten-id-yessukkay ansi ur llin alamma tuɣal d tamerkantit.
Ur tettut ara, awal yedda-d ɣef tutlayt n Tterk i yelḥan yakan azal n lqern segmi s-beddlen abrid s isekkilen ilaṭiniyen d wayen nniḍen (war ma nuder-d amezruy-is aqbur) yerna ar tura mazal-itt la tettmdudduṛ[3]… anda terriḍ ihi taqbaylit ! Taqbaylit ur nettwaru si zik seg wakken imawlan-is lhan-d ala d tutlayin n imehrasen, taqbaylit i yebdan kan ead teggar isurifen imezwura n tira, iwumi ur d-tṣaḥ ula d tallunt di tsuda[4] n uwanek, ur nettwaɣray ara deg uɣerbaz…
Iban, di tegnit am ta, taswiet teḥres maḍi, ma d w’ara s-d-ijebren tifrat d wid kan i tt-iheddren ma ḥemmlen-tt s tidet. D acu, uqbel kulci, imawlan-is ilaq-asen ad meḥḥṣen tamsalt akken tella, ad d-fiqen s umihi[5] i yeggunin tamgit-nsen neɣ ula d iseɣ d yiles-nsen ma ur gan ara ttawil iwulmen. Neẓra belli llan wid iḥuza layas, eewwlen ad brun i ṭṭbel deg waman seg wakken ur yelli wayen ara ten-issferḥen deg wayen i ttwalin ; amedya, qqaren imi akka taqbaylit ur treṣṣa ara deg uɣerbaz s ubrid ara ttt-yeǧǧen ad tdum u ad d-tefk agemmuḍ yettwallasen, ulayɣer ma neetteb iman-nneɣ u ad neḍmee deg wulac : am win yesswayen tazzutt yeqquren, i d-yenna yiwen umeɣnas. Netta di tilawt, din i iɣelleḍ wemdan, acku amawal ur d-yettlal ara yemmed deg yiwen wass ; tutlayin akk n umaḍal tcudd tbaɣurt[6]-nsent ɣer umezruy i d-seeddant, annect ɣezzif amecwar i d-lḥant i lqayent i usmers.
Ihi nekni i d-yufan iman-nneɣ di tgellelt am ta deg wayen yerzan tameslayt, araju ur ɣ-d-yegri ; ayen i d-iga yiwen assa ad t-naf azekka. Ur neẓri melmi neɣ amek ara yili uɣerbaz n yimal, maca fell-aɣ ara ibedd si tura. Amdan aqbayli yessefk fell-as ad ihuzz iman-is u ad yidir tutlayt-is s tidet, mačči ad yettcetki kan u ad yettru fell-as s tefransist. Tira di yal aswir, di yal taɣult[7], yella wayen i d-tettawi imi s kra n wayen ara yeereḍ yiwen ad t-id-yeglem[8] neɣ ad d-yemmeslay fell-as, ama di tsekla neɣ deg tussna, ad yeḥwiǧ kan awalen ur yennum yessaqdac deg tudert-is n yal ass ; ihi d tagnit akken ad ten-id-inadi neɣ ad-yesteqsi fell-asen. Yuɣ lḥal, ɣur yegduden akk, awal ur d-yeɣli seg igenni, usan-d akk seg wallaɣ n wemdan i ten-inejren i yiswiyen-is d wayen i s-d-yessutur uxemmem deg ugama[9]. Awalen-a tikwal ttilin wejden yakan, d ussis[10] kan amecṭuḥ i d-ssuturen akken ad ten-yessers yiwen deg umkan-nsen ; neɣ ma ulac-iten , ihi yewwi-d ad nnulfun, ma d iberdan unulfu mgaraden ; aṭas i d-yeqqaren belli asnuluf-ya n wawalen d ayen yerzan imusnawen n tutlayt kan, netta ma nmuqel akken ilaq ad naf dakken awalen mačči deg yiwet n taɣult kan i ttxaṣṣan, anda terriḍ ad k-d-imager waḍu ; ṭṭef-itt-id si tujjya alamma d tafelsafit teeddiḍ ɣef tusnakt[11] d tfizikt d trakalt[12] neɣ amezruy d wayen nniḍen, ad tafeḍ teččur d tifawtin i ɣ-ilaq ad nergel ; yuɣ lḥal yal wa d taɣult ideg yemmuzzeg[13] kan i yeẓwer. Ihi nnig n wayen i d-ttawin inagmayen[14], yal wa yezmer ad d-yessumer [15]si tama-s s wayen yessen, ɣer tagara d akud akked tmetti ara izerfen[16] di kra n wayen akk ara d-nḥawec s yiɣallen yemgaraden ara yeddun deg yiwet n tnila[17], s yiwen unezgum.
Dɣa imi d-newwi ɣef ujbar n wawalen, yella weḥric ur nlaq ara nerr ɣer ṭṭerf : d win tsuqilt. Tasuqilt dɣa d abrid axatar[18] i usnerni n tutlayt, acku win ara d-yegren di lbal-is ad d-yessuqel kra n weḍris akken yebɣu yili ɣer teqbaylit si tutlayt-iḍen « tameqqrant » i yelḥan, ad yebɣu kan ad yessemsawi aḍris-is amaynut ɣer win n n teɣbalut[19] ideg ara d-yagem, dɣa d ayen ara d-yeslalen acqirrew[20] deg umahil[21] ara isbedd ; yuɣ lḥal din ara d-yedlu ɣef wayen ixuṣṣen. Aya mačči kan si tama n wawalen d umawal s umata, maca ula di tenfaliyin[22] d lebni n twinas. Acku, di tilawt, asuqel mačči d ayen isehlen, yewwi-d ɣef umsuɣel ad yili yeẓwer ama deg tutlayt iɣer ara ad d-yessas neɣ tutlayt taɣbalut ; deg wayen yerzan taqbaylit ihi, ameskar[23] ilaq-as imiren ad inadi ɣef tenfaliyin tiqbaylin yettwassnen neɣ ad d-yessekfel tiqburin-nni yettwattun, imi ggtent yerna taqbaylit yella wayen iss ara tzuxx deg wannect-a, dɣa ad tent-ireṣṣi anda ilaq s wudem ara d iqablen win tidak i yellan deg tutlayt taɣbalut. Aya d ayen ara yernun ad yerẓ asalu i umeslay yettwarun imi idlisen ar tura drus-iten ɣur-neɣ. Ameɣri i yebɣan ad yaru si tama-s, yeḥwaǧ ad iɣer aṭas deg wayen uran imezwura, maca ma yella inelmaden d imeskaren ilelliyen s umata, ur d-ufin ara iḍrisen s tuget ara ten-yeǧǧen ad sluɣmun[24] allaɣ-nsen i tira d uxemmem s teqbaylit, ala uguren ara d-ttmagaren.
D leqdic am wa ihi ara igen llsas i uɣerbaz d yidles uzekka. Yal aeeggal di tmetti yesea tamlilt[25] ara yurar, ɣas s tɣuri kan d usebɣes[26] fell-as, imi tallit n unegmi[27] kan weḥd-s ɣef tutlayt ahat tura tekfa ; yewwi-id ad neddu ɣef tmagitdeg wannar, s yiles-nneɣ d wayen akk i nesea d ayla-nneɣ iwakken ad tijhid tuqqna d tsutiwin i d-iteddun, imi d tilawt, tafat i nettearaḍ ad tt-nessiɣ assa ɣur-sen ara d-teflali s tidet ma eewwlen ad farṣen leetab-nneɣ akken i nfureṣ nekni win n wid i ɣ-yezwaren iwumi nettarra tajmilt.
[1] Empire
[2] Etat
[3] Mdudder : traîner
[4] As. Tasudut : institution
[5] Danger
[6] Richesse
[7] Domaine
[8] Décrire
[9] Nature
[10] Effort
[11] Mathématiques /
[12] Géogtaphie
[13] Muzzeg : Se spécialiser
[14] Chercheurs
[15] Proposer
[16] Zref : juger
[17] Direction
[18] Important
[19] Source
[20] Défi
[21] Travail
[22] Tanfalit : expression
[23] Auteur
[24] Entraîner
[25] Rôle
[26] Encourager
[27] Revendication
Tadiwennit akked umaru Samir TiɣzertCommentaires » 0
Deg uɣmis Tiɣremt (La cité) n 10/07/2016
Samir Tiɣzert d yiwen n umeɣnas,amyaru n teqbaylit i d-tefka taddart n Tgubba (Tagubba d taddart id yezgan deg yidurar n Ticci ),ilul deg useggas n 1978, seg-mi yella d agrud imal ɣer tselka,yerra-d adlis “Anzaren n umyaru arusi ameqqran Nikolaï Gogol” ɣer Teqbaylit,rnu ɣer waya yella wacu id yesujud,dduted did-nneɣ deg tdiwennit-a.
Deg tazwara hedraɣ-d anwa id mas Samir Tiɣzert ?
Samir Tiɣzert ilul deg useggas n 1978 di tɣiwant n Ticci (Bgayet), yeɣra deg tujjya deg tesdawit Mulud Mɛemmri n Tizi-Wezzu, tura akka yettidir di Fransa
Amek i tnejreḍ abrid ɣer tira neɣ tasekla ?
Abrid n tsekla bdiɣ-t meẓẓi nezzeh, mi sɛiɣ 13 iseeggasen yakan uriɣ kra n tuɣac s teqbaylit (ar tura cennuɣ), si tallit n tesnawit d asawen kemmleɣ ttaruɣ kra kra tefransist (sin wunagalen ur d-neffiɣ) d wammud n isefra (Loin du printemps i d-yeffɣen deg useggas 2009), akked d wammud n tullisin La rive des tourments, maca iseggasen-a ineggura ufiɣ dakken ilaq ad d-lhuɣ ugar d teqbaylit i yeḥwaǧen imawlen-is ama gar yemyura neɣ imeɣriyen iwakken ad timɣur temkerḍit-is, ihi uɣaleɣ ttaruɣ s snat tutlayin, tafransist d teqbaylit.
Amek tettwaliḍ aḥric-a deg tmetti-nneɣ ?
Ad d-nini kan tidet, deg tmetti-nneɣ tasekla ar tura drus n wazal i s-yettunefken, imi deg tutlayin nniḍen yakan yelḥan ur ggiten ara imeɣriyen, err-itt-id ihi i teqbaylit ɣas akken ɣer taggar-yi tebda tettḥerrik acemma ; ccwi kan llan imeɣnasen i s-ibedden, cukkeɣ d ayen ara tt-yessiẓen ssya d asawen, deg waya kan i yella usirem.
Territ-ed ɣer teqbaylit kra n tullisin,meslay-aɣed ɣef udlis-a ?
Adlis Anzaren n umyaru arusi ameqqran Nikolaï Gogol, di tilawt d tullist ɣezzifen i d-rriɣ ɣer teqbaylit, xtareɣ-tt-id imi ameskar-is d win yettwassnen nezzeh deg tsekla tagraɣlant, yerna Anzaren d tullist icebḥen yessaḍsayen, tettwasuqel ɣer waṭas n tutlayin deg umaḍal, ihi nniɣ-as ayɣer ala ula ɣer teqbaylit, imi d ayen ara s-d-yawin kan amaynut.
Ahat llan yiṣenfaren id tettheyiḍ akka tura ?
Ih, s tidet, aql-i heyyaɣ-d yiwen wungal ara d-yeffɣen si tagara unebdu-ya d asawen, azwel-is “Tiyita n tmeddit”, nezmer ad d-nin belli ṣṣenf-is d ayen iwumi qqaren apulaṛ deg tsekla, taqsiṭ i d-yeddan deg-s tebna ɣef yiwet n taluft i d-yeḍran s tidet deg tmennaḍt-a i d-yezgan gar Ticci d Uwqas, yewwi-d daɣen ɣef waṭas n lumur, tudert deg tmurt n Yeqbayliyen si qbel ṭṭaraḍ-nni ar assa, d wayen akk i d-ttmagaren yemdanen, lxiq, asḥissef, temẓi, d tmurt s umata. Gar isenfaren yella udlis-iḍen s teqbaylit ara d-yelhun d kra wudmawen n tamennaḍt usammar n Bgayet (Ssaḥel), n yidles akked tgemmi-s, am akken llant daɣen tullisin i ssuqleɣ, kra gar-asent ffɣent-d di Internet am “Taɣaṭ n mass Seguin”, umazal ad d-ilint tiyaḍ.
Aniwa imyura iqbayliyen d yibeṛaniyen it ḥemmleḍ ad teɣreḍ ?
Imyura iqbayliyen simmal ttilin, qqareɣ ayen i d-iteffɣen, yerna simmal tettwenniɛ tira, maca dayi ad d-adreɣ Belɛid at Ɛli i ɣ-yeǧǧan ad namen s tira taqbaylit seg wakken ungal i d-yeǧǧa d ayen meqqren, d Ɛmer Mezdad i yellan gar imezwura i ɣriɣ, yesɛan yiwen waɣan akken (style) lqayen, ma d iberraniyen, yella gar wiyaḍ Victor Hugo d umaru analmani Günter Grass, tira-s tecbeḥ nezzeh, ad wellheɣ ɣer-s wid yeqqaren s tefransist ma bɣan ad t-ɣren.
D acu d uguren id tettmagareḍ deg ubrid-a n tira ?
Uguren, am wid akk yellan deg ubird-a di tmurt-nneɣ, d uguren usiẓreg meḥsub imi ɣas in’as ilaq d ameskar kan ara d-igen ttawil i yiman-is iwakken ad d-yessufeɣ kra.
Awal-ik i yilemẓiyen d tlemẓiyin-nneɣ ?
Ad sen(t)-iniɣ uqbel kulci, ɣret tarum s teqbaylit akken tzemrem, ɣas di Facebook kan neɣ deg iblugen neɣ ma ulac i yiman-nwen kan deg uxxam, tessbeɣsem imecṭaḥ ad ɣren s tutlayt-nsen tayemmat i ten-icudden ɣer tmagit-nsen taḥeqqanit acku ma txuṣṣt-itt tɣuri d tira, akken tebɣuḍ ddu fell-as ur tettaẓ ara akken ilaq, yuɣ lḥal ma teqqel iwakken d imawlan-is kan i izemren ad s-bedden.
Ahat yella kra i tebɣiḍ ad thedreḍ ur kid steqsaɣ ara fella-s…
Ad snamreɣ kan aneɣmas d uɣmis Tiɣremt s umata i ɣ-yafkan tagnit i wawal deg isebtar-is, dɣa imi llant akka tallunin n tɣamsa ideg tettwaru teqbaylit, d ayen yessefraḥen. Tanemmirt, afud igerrzen i kunwi daɣen d wid akk iqeddcen i yidles amaziɣ.
- Yesteqsa-t Maklidir Iɣil Wis -
« Anzaren » sɣur Nikolaï Gogol (awal ɣef udlis)Commentaires » 0
Anzaren d tullist n umaru arusi ameqqran Nikolaï Gogol i d-yerra Samir Tighzert ɣer teqbaylit.
Asissen :
Win iwumi ruḥen wanzaren-is acu i s-d-yegran ? Leqder, n wemdan, amkan-is di tmetti neɣ layas d tugdi i t-yeggunin di yal tiɣmert, ternuḍ ayen nniḍen… d isental iɣef d-yewwi umeskar deg udris-is. Nnig temsirt n tudert yettilin di yal adlis, tullist-a d tagnitt i taḍsa d unecraḥ, yezmer ad tt-iɣer yiwen am targit kan yeččuren inbeddalen neɣ am yiwet si tmucuha-nni-nneɣ n zik, maca d abeḥri nniden i d-tettawi, d insayen ibeeden i d-tessentaq, ara yeğğen imeɣri aqbayli ad yelles assaɣen i t-icudden ɣer iberraniyen ansi bɣun ilin, imi tasekla yiwet, d taɣuri yesdukulen talsa akken ma tella anagar s wawalen d iḥulfuyen.
Tukkist si tezwert n umsuɣel :
Nikolaï Vassilievitch Gogol d amauru arusi, laṣel-is d ukrani, ilul ass n 31 meɣres 1809 di Poltava, yemmut ass n 21 furar 1852 di Musku. Yella d anaggal, d anellis, d amedyaz, am akken yura daɣen deg umezgun d uzɣan. Assa yettuneḥsab seg yimura imeqranen maḍi n teskla tarusit taklasikit.
Tullist-a si tid yettwassnen nezzeh gar yeḍrisen-is, teffeɣ-d deg useggas n 1836 deg wammud iwumi isemma Tullisin n Saint-Petersbourg. Yella yura-tt gar 1832 d 1835. Di tazwara ugin-as-tt ad tt-yessiẓreg deg uɣmis n Umsiked n Musku, acku nnan-as d taqsiṭ ur nemɛin ur d-njebbed aṭas n imeɣriyen. Maca yesswaeḍ yessufeɣ-itt-id deg yiwet n tesɣunt (Amiran), di tuber 1836, uqbel ad tt-yesdakkel deg yiwen n wammud akked tiyaḍ am: Akebbuḍ, Aɣlad ameqqran n Nevski neɣ Ussan n umeslub, dɣa d tid iwumi ara nernu ad d-nessufeɣ tisuqilin ssya d asawen.
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Yewwi-d ad neḥṣu dakken aḍris-a i yettwarun qrib sin n leqrun-aya, ur yeqqim ibedd ar assa armi yesɛa azal-is. Azal-a ahat i s-t-yefkan d aɣan n Nikolaï Gogol i icbeḥen, war ma nuder-d asental iɣef d-yewwi, acku amdan iwumi ruḥen wanzaren-is mačči d ayen isehlen anda yebɣu yidir, ayen i s-yehwu yili-t ; ula ɣer ɣur-neɣ anzaren d azamul n nnif d trugza, imi d udem yakan. Dɣa nnan ur s-d-tusi tikti i umeskar ad d-yawi ɣef waya armi yella iḥemmel ad iqeṣṣer akked yemdukal-is deg tebratin ɣef wanzaren-is netta s yiman-is imi llan ɣezzifit yerna ceḥḥden acemma ; ma d at Saint-Peterspourg anda teḍra teqsiṭ, uɣalen ala yess i teddnen am akken qqaren, imi tura tenṭed deg yidles-nsen.
Samir Tighzert
Tukkist si tullist :
« Ass n 25 deg meɣres, di Saint-Petersbourg, teḍra-d yiwet n taluft yessewhamen mačči d kra.
Ivan Iakovlevitch d yiwen uḥeffaf i yellan yezdeɣ deg uɣlad ameqqran n Vosnecenski. Nnekwa-s yettwarun ɣef tafilt n tewwurt ɣas in’as temsa yakk, i d-yegran deg umkan-is ala taklut n yiwen wergaz yeḍlan ṣṣabun ɣef lḥenk-is akked wawalen-a : « Nettuqum daɣen ticraḍ. » Anersam Ivan Iakovlevitch i d-yukin zik seg yiḍes yesraḥ-d ihi rriḥa n weɣrum yeḥman. Mi d-yerfed iman-is ciṭuḥ ɣef umeṭreḥ iwala-d tameṭṭut-is, yiwet n tmexluqt akken yettuqadren u yerna tḥemmel lqahwa s waṭas, imir kan i d-tekkes snat n texbizin seg ufan.
— Assa ur tesseɣ ara lqahwa a Prascovia Ossipovna, i s-yenna Ivan Iakovlevitch, axir ad ččeɣ aɣrum s lebṣel.
Ad d-nini kan tidet, Ivan Iakovlevitch lemmer yufi ad yeɛreḍ ssya u ad yernu syihin, maca yeẓra d awezɣi, imi yeḥṣa d ttnefcic ur tqebbel Prascovia Ossipovna.
— Ečč aɣrum ay abuhal, i tenna tmeṭṭut deg wul-is, meqqar ad yi-d-teqqim lqahwa… tɛedda tḍeqqer-as tixbizt ɣef ṭṭabla.
S tin n ḍḍrafa, Ivan Yakovlevich yerna lfista sennig tsedrit-is iruḥ yeqqim ɣer ṭṭabla, syin yeddem-d lemleḥ, iheyya-d snat tbeṣlin, yerna yeṭṭef-d lmus ; atan ihi s wudem n win iɛezmen s tidet ɣef kra, yebda la igezzem aɣrum. Yebḍa-t ɣef sin, imuqel ɣer tlemmast,taswiɛt kan yesneqmas-it wayen i iwala ɣer daxel d acemlal. Yekreḍ acemma s lmus, yesferfed s uḍad-is. « Ata yeqqur cwiṭ ! i yenna deg wul-is, wissen acu d wa. » Mi iger sin iḍudan yessufeɣ-d ayen yellan din: d anzaren.
Ivan Yakovlevich yebra i yiɣallen-is. Taswiɛt iḥukk allen-is, iɛawed yesferfed acemma ; yufa ziɣ ulac din ccekk, d anzaren, d anzaren n tidet, yerna ikad-as-d am akken yessen-iten.
Dɣa teṭṭef-it lxelɛa, maca lxelɛa-nni-ines ɣas in’as d ulac zzat n wurrif i d-yulin tameṭṭut-is.
— Ansi akka i d-tegzmeḍ anzaren-a ay abhim ? i tuẓẓaf deg wudem-is. Ay aḥraymi ! Ay asekran ! D nekk s yiman-iw ara k-yezzenzen ɣer ibulisen ! Ẓriɣ d aqeṭṭaɛ i telliḍ ! Ayen tlata yergazen i yi-d-yennan belli m’ara tettseṭṭileḍ tjebbdeḍ deg wanzaren alamma qrib i ten-id-tqelɛeḍ !
Ivan Yakovlevich si tama-s yegra-d ur yemmut ur yeddir, acku tura yeɛqel anzaren-nni w’i ten-ilan, n Kovalev mačči n wayeḍ. Kovaliv-a… »
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