text: Kabyle(i) 1 Lmelk-nni yesken-iyi-d daɣen asif anda țazzalen waman n tudert, yeṣfan am djaj yețṛeqṛiqen, i d-ițfeggiḍen seg ukersi n lḥekma n Sidi Ṛebbi akk-d Izimer. 2 Di tlemmast n ubṛaḥ n temdint tella ttejṛa n tudert iwumi d-yezzi wasif tețțak-ed tnac n lɣellat, mkul agur tețțak-ed lfakya. Iferrawen-is d ddwa yesseḥlayen leǧnas. 3 Ur tețțuɣal ara a d-ili deɛwessu, akersi n lḥekma n Sidi Ṛebbi d Izimer ad yili di temdint, iqeddacen-is a t-ɛebbden, 4 ad walin udem-is, yerna ad sɛun isem-is ɣef yinyiren-nsen. 5 Ur yețțuɣal a d-yili ṭṭlam ur țeḥwiǧin tafat n teftilt, ur țeḥwiǧin tafat n yiṭij axaṭer d Sidi Ṛebbi s yiman-is ara ten-inewwṛen s tafat-is, yerna ad ḥekmen yid-es i dayem. 6 Lmelk-nni yenna-yi-d : Imeslayen-agi, d imeslayen iṣeḥḥan yerna deg-sen lețkal; Sidi Ṛebbi yețwellihen lenbiya iceggeɛ-ed lmelk-is iwakken a d-isken i iqeddacen-is ayen ur nețɛeṭṭil ara a d-yedṛu. 7 Atan ihi, qṛib a n-aseɣ! Amarezg n win ara iḥerzen imeslayen i d-yețțuweḥḥan di tektabt agi. 8 D nekk Yuḥenna i geslan yerna walaɣ ayagi meṛṛa; mi sliɣ yerna walaɣ annect-agi, ɣliɣ ɣer iḍaṛṛen n lmelk i yi-ten-id-yesseknen iwakken a t-ɛebdeɣ; 9 meɛna yenna-yi-d : ?ader aț-țseǧdeḍ zdat-i axaṭer nekk d aqeddac n Sidi Ṛebbi am kečč am atmaten-ik lenbiya akk-d wid iḥerzen imeslayen n tektabt-agi, d Sidi Ṛebbi kan ara tɛebdeḍ! 10 Yenna-d daɣen : Ur țeffer ara imeslayen i k-d yețțuweḥḥan di tektabt-agi, axaṭer lweqt i deg ara d-dṛun qṛib a d-yaweḍ. 11 Win ixeddmen lbaṭel ad ikemmel di lbaṭel-ines, win ineǧsen ad ikemmel di nǧasa-ines, aḥeqqi ad ikemmel ad iteddu s lḥeqq, win iwumi yeṣfa wul ad ikemmel tikli-ines s wul yeṣfan. 12 Atan ihi qṛib a n-aseɣ, ad fkeɣ i mkul yiwen akken yuklal. 13 D nekk i d alfa d nekk i d umiga yeɛni d nekk i d lḥeṛf amezwaru, d nekk i d lḥeṛf aneggaru, lliɣ si tazwara alamma ț-țaggara. 14 Amarezg n wid yessarden tijellabin-nsen axaṭer a sen-yețțunefk ad ččen si ttejṛa n tudert yerna ad kecmen si tewwura n temdint; 15 ma d iɛdawen n Sidi Ṛebbi, iseḥḥaren, wid ixeddmen cceṛ, wid ineqqen timegṛaḍ, wid iɛebden lmeṣnuɛat d ssadaț, wid ixeddmen ticmatin d wid yeskiddiben ama s imeslayen nsen ama s lecɣal-nsen, ur keččmen ara ɣer temdint. 16 Nekk Ɛisa Lmasiḥ ceggɛeɣ-ed lmelk-iw iwakken ad ixebbeṛ tijmuyaɛ n imasiḥiyen s wayagi meṛṛa. Nekk seg iẓuṛan n ugellid Dawed, d axalaf i d-ikkan si lǧedra-ines, d itri yețfeǧǧiǧen taṣebḥit. 17 Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen ț-țeslit qqaṛen : As-ed! Kra n win ara yeslen i yimeslayen agi a d-yini : As-ed! Win yeffuden a d-yas. Win yebɣan aman yessidiren, ad issew baṭel! 18 Ad ɛeggneɣ i kra win ara d yeslen i yimeslayen i d yețțuweḥḥan di tektabt-agi, ma yella win i gzegden imeslayen, Sidi Ṛebbi a d-yesseɣli fell-as tiwaɣyin yuran di tektab-agi. 19 Ma yella win i gesneqsen seg wayen i d-yețțuweḥḥan di tektabt-agi, Sidi Ṛebbi a s-ikkes amur-is si ttejṛa n tudert, ur ikeččem ara ɣer temdint iqedsen i ɣef d-țmeslay tektabt-agi. 20 Win i d-iweḥḥan annect-agi meṛṛa yenna-d : ?-țideț qṛib a n-aseɣ! As-ed a Ssid-nneɣ Ɛisa! Amin! 21 Ṛṛeḥma n Ssid-nneɣ Ɛisa a d ters ɣef mkul yiwen.


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Reunion.com > Brandy Tahauri - Antonia Tanner > Glen Tamura - Vija Tamuzs-rubans
Classmates from Glen Tamura to Vija Tamuzs-rubans
Glen Tamura Glenn Tamura Gordon Tamura Grace Tamura Greg Tamura Gregory Tamura Griffin Tamura Harry Tamura Haruko Tamura Helen Tamura Henry Tamura Hideaki Tamura Hideo Tamura Hiroko Tamura Hiroshi Tamura Hiroyuki Tamura Hisako Tamura Ichiro Tamura Irene Tamura Iris Tamura Irwin Tamura Isabelle Tamura Ivan Tamura Jack Tamura Jaclyn Tamura Jacqueline Tamura Jadene Tamura James Tamura Jamie Tamura Jan Tamura Jane Tamura Janet Tamura Janice Tamura Jason Tamura Jean Tamura Jeanne Tamura Jeffrey Tamura Jennifer Tamura Jenny Tamura Jerry Tamura Jessica Tamura Jim Tamura Joe Tamura Johana Tamura John Tamura Jon Tamura Joseph Tamura Joy Tamura Julie Tamura June Tamura Junko Tamura Kaname Tamura Kaoru Tamura Karen Tamura Kathleen Tamura Kathy Tamura Kay Tamura Kazumasa Tamura Kazumi Tamura Kazutachi Tamura Keiko Tamura Keith Tamura Ken Tamura Kenji Tamura Kenneth Tamura Kentaro Tamura Kerry Tamura Kevin Tamura Kim Tamura Kimi Tamura Kiyomi Tamura Kosaku Tamura Krystal Tamura Kumiko Tamura Lance Tamura Larry Tamura Laura Tamura Laurie Tamura Lea Tamura Leslie Tamura Lillian Tamura Lily Tamura Linda Tamura Lindsey Tamura Lisa Tamura Lloyd Tamura Lori Tamura Lucille Tamura Lyndsy Tamura Lynne Tamura Mai Tamura Maki Tamura Makoto Tamura Margaret Tamura Mari Tamura Marie Tamura Mariko Tamura Marina Tamura Mark Tamura Mary Tamura Maryann Tamura Masaaki Tamura Masakazu Tamura Masako Tamura Masami Tamura Masato Tamura Matsuko Tamura May Tamura Maya Tamura Mel Tamura Melanie Tamura Melissa Tamura Michael Tamura Michelle Tamura Michiko Tamura Mie Tamura Mika Tamura Milton Tamura Minoru Tamura Mito Tamura Mits Tamura Mitsue Tamura Mitsuru Tamura Miwa Tamura Nami Tamura Nancy Tamura Naoko Tamura Naomi Tamura Neal Tamura Nikki Tamura Nobuko Tamura Nobuo Tamura Nobuyoshi Tamura Noriko Tamura Pamela Tamura Patricia Tamura Paul Tamura Paula Tamura Peter Tamura Rachel Tamura Ralph Tamura Ramona Tamura Randall Tamura Randi Tamura Randy Tamura Ray Tamura Raymond Tamura Regan Tamura Reiko Tamura Rica Tamura Richard Tamura Robert Tamura Roberta Tamura Robyn Tamura Rodney Tamura Ronald Tamura Rose Tamura Roy Tamura Ruby Tamura Ruth Tamura Ryan Tamura Sadako Tamura Samuel Tamura Sandra Tamura Sarah Tamura Scott Tamura Sean Tamura Sets Tamura Shannon Tamura Shawn Tamura Sheila Tamura Sheree Tamura Sherie Tamura Sherry Tamura Shigeru Tamura Shoichi Tamura Sophia Tamura Stanley Tamura Steve Tamura Steven Tamura Sumie Tamura Susan Tamura Susumu Tamura Suzanne Tamura Taiji Tamura Takashi Tamura Takayuki Tamura Takeko Tamura Tammy Tamura Tara Tamura Tarra Tamura Terence Tamura Teresa Tamura Thomas Tamura Tiffany Tamura Tim Tamura Timothy Tamura Todd Tamura Tomoko Tamura Toshiko Tamura Toshio Tamura Traci Tamura Tracy Tamura Trevor Tamura Troy Tamura Valarie Tamura Valerie Tamura Wade Tamura Walter Tamura Wayne Tamura Wynn Tamura Yasushi Tamura Yohei Tamura Yoichi Tamura Yoko Tamura Yoshie Tamura Yoshiko Tamura Yuji Tamura Yuki Tamura Yukiko Tamura Yukio Tamura Yumi Tamura Yuriko Tamura Yutaka Tamura Donna Tamura-wageman Peter Tamurian Joseph Tamusaitis Lynette Tamusaitis John Tamuschy Patricia Tamuschy William Tamuschy Michael Tamutis Andrew Tamutus David Tamutus Karen Tamutus Robert Tamutus Carl Tamuty Christopher Tamuty Cj Tamuty Daniel Tamuty Donald Tamuty Mark Tamuty Paul Tamuty Aiste Tamutyte Simona Tamutyte Rose Tamuzian Vija Tamuzs-rubans

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Arrif
Arrif d tamnaḍt di ugafa n Umerruk, tessajja ɣef Yilel Agrakal, zeddɣen deg-s gar 3 ar 5 imelyan n imezdaɣ.
Tamurt n Arrif llan deg-s idurar, izaɣaren, d yiftisen xef Yilel Agrakal. Idurar d tmurt n Arrif ssenta seg Ixef n Sbartil (Cape Spartel) d Tanja deg utaram ar Ixef Ikebdanen (Ras Kebdana) d yiɣzer Amelwi (Meřwect) deg wegmuḍ, zeg Ilel Agrakal di ugafa ar Iɣẓer n Werɣa deg wanẓul.
Seg iɣerman imeqqranen i yellan di temnaḍt n Arrif Ameqqran ɣer-neɣ: Nnaḍur, Lḥusima, Tanja, Tiṭṭawin, Accawen, Berkan, Taza, Targist, Azɣenɣan, Seřwan, Miḍar, Zayyu, Aearwi, Eddriwec, Ayt Bueeyyac, Imzuren, Leerayec, Ajdir, Tawrirt, Fnideq, d Eljebha.
Idurar n Arif udsen idurar n “Cordillera Bética” di Sbanya. Idurar n Arif udsen maca ur qqinen ɣer idurar n Watlas. Gar-asen tella Taza. Maci marra imezdaɣ n temnaḍt n Arif Ameqqran ssawalen tutlayt Tamaziɣt. Imezdaɣ n Tanja d Tiṭṭawin qqaren i yiɣef-nsen “Jbala” (Ijebliyen) nitni ssawalen Taɛrabt Tajeblit. Tamnaḍt n “Jbala” d tafult si temnaḍt n Arrif Ameqqran. Iwdan yessawalen Tmaziɣt di Arif qqaren i yixef nsen “Imaziɣen” niɣ “Irifiyen”, tutlayt nsen qqaren as lebda “Tamaziɣt” maci "Tarifit". Iwdan n berra i Arif d nitni


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Taqbaylit (Tamaziɣt) mačči kan d ccna, amezgun, isaragen, neɣ d tikliwin. Taqbaylit d imyura, d imedyazen, d idlisen-nsen a d-yegrin i lebda. Aṭas i yettagaden ad tenger teqbaylit (tutlayin timaziɣin), aṭas i yekkaten ɣef tmaziɣt (taqbaylit), maca, d acu i nexdem i tutlayt-a?
Iqbayliyen ttmuddun idrimen i yedlisen n yimyura ifransawiyen, igliziyen, d wid-nniḍen, d acu kan tizi n wass-a ilaq ad nesteqsi iman-nneɣ: i yemyura-nneɣ, wid yettarun s teqbaylit, nettaɣ ungalen, tamedyazt, tullisin-nsen? Imeɣriyen s teqbaylit mačči aṭas i yellan, maca, wid yettzuxxun kkaten fell-as, ṭṭuqten ama deg isadraren, di BRTV, deg tfaskiwin...atg. Agdud ur nessin ad iɣer (ad yemmeslay) s tutlayt-is (tutlayt d aḍellaɛ n tektiwin n wegdud) ur iseɛɛu azal n yiman, ur iseɛɛu tayri n yiman. Γef wannect-a i nesruḥ IMAN-NNEƔ, tadukli-nneɣ, iseɣ-nneɣ.
Zzux s teqbaylit ur - yettili ara alamma nuɣ idlisen uran yemyura iqbayliyen. Ayen tuget n yeqbayliyen ttmuddun tadrimt i ccḍeḥ (Les galas), i seksu, maca, ur ttaɣen ara idlisen?
Yelha ccḍeḥ, yelha seksu, yal yiwen daɣen yesɛa azref am Urumi ad yaɣ neɣ ala idlisen-a iYef d-wwiY awal. Yal yiwen d alelli i yella ad iɣer neɣ ala s teqbaylit. Maca, deg zzux ur nemɛin, akk d usbelbel i tella tyita. Tiyita tella deg imnufaq-a yezgan ssawalen ɣef tnekkit tamaziɣt nutni ur ẓrin, ur ttmuddun afus i yemyura akk d tira s teqbaylit. Melmi akka i nesla s Winnat neɣ Tinnat mmeslayen-d di tiliẓṛi neɣ iɣmisen iwakken ad xedmen adellel i yedlisen yettwarun s teqbaylit d-yettwasẓergen?
Akka, “yal wa ad yerkeb aɣyul-is”, i yeqqar jeddi.
Anwa i d amḍiq d asen-nefka i yedlisen n, Boulifa, Belaid At Ali, Abdellah Hamane, Benrejdal, Salem Zenia, Brahim Tazaɣart, Kamal Buɛmaṛa, Kamal Zerrad, Boualem Rabia, Akli Kebaili, Benɛuf, Amar Mezdad, Chemakh, Ameziane Kezzar, Linda Koudache, Hadjira Oulbachir, Hamid At Slimane, Mohand Arab Ait Oukaci, Zimu, Bettaher, Ahcene Mariche, Lounes Ameziane, Malek Houd...atg?
Itran-a d wiyyeḍ ur dbedreɣ da, ilaq-asen wazal, tayri, ladɣa, ladɣa TAƔURI i waken ur fečlen ara.
Ayyaw ihi ! Aqlaɣ di Yennayer. Ayen ur nettaɣ ara adlis s teqbaylit, a t-nmud, yal yiwen i win iḥemmel : baba-s, yemma-s, memmi-s, weltma-s, tameddakelt-is, amddakel-is, lǧaṛ-is…Ad yas 20 si Yebrir, kif kif ; ad asen yesmektiyen nniḍen, kif kif…Yerna acḥal yeswa wedlis ? 5 tbagiḍin ? Apaki n dduxxan ? Tabirratt ? Anekcum ɣer tmaɣra n zwi-tt rwi-tt ? Daya kan!
D tidet taɣuri deg umaḍal akk tuɣal ɣef deffir, maca, nekkni tutlayt-nneɣ tettwaḥqer, tezzi-ya-s-d tmettant. Tutlayt-nneɣ ilaq-as umennuɣ, amennuɣ atrar, amennuɣ n tidet. Adlis yif imennuɣen. Acku idles d ameɣlal.
Aẓeṭṭa d tuqqniwin timettiyin:
Di tallit-a n uẓeṭṭa d tuqqniwin timettiyin, ula d imyura iqbayliyen ufan tagnit iwakken ad ssiẓergen s yiman-nsen idlisen-nsen. Akka i d asen-teḍṛa i Djidji Nait, Muṛad Irnaten, Sɛid At Mɛemmer...atg, d-yessuffɣen idlisen-nsen di lulu.com.
Sɛid At Mɛemmer:
Amzun d tala i d-yemmaren, abrid d-yewwi Sɛid At Mɛemmer ur yella ara d abrid nennum. Ayen i d-yessuffeɣ n yedlisen di Lulu.com yezmer wemdan ad yeččar yis-sen tamkerḍit-is, s zzux d tumert. Maca, idlisen ur llin ara kan i temkerḍit, acku ilaq ad ttwaɣren. Idlisen n Sɛid, ger wayen yura s tiktiwin, iḥulfan d tmusni-s d wayen d-yesmuḥyet; zemren ad ten-ɣren warrac imecṭaḥ, arrac yemmden, tilawin d yergazen.
Taqbaylit tezmer, ahat d nekkni kan i yestehzan deg-s?!
Muqlet amek di sin iseggasen, Sɛid yessuffeɣ-d azal n 15 n yedlisen, yerna mazal lxir ɣer zdat! Ihi, atan ɣur-wen...Amek akken? Win yebɣan taqbaylit, ad iɣer idlisen-is.
Noufel
Comments
Moi je préfère écouter zedek mouloud
Om comprend que tu veuilles faire de la promotion à ce poète vaniteux qui q décalré dans une émission qu'à part lui, il n y a jamais eu de poète en Kabylie.Moi je préfère écouter zedek mouloud. Il est simple et inovateur.
Réponse aux propos diffamatoires ci-dessus
« D abernus zeddigen, i ɣef yettban wammus ».
1- Notre grand poète et écrivain kabyle SƐID AT MƐEMMER, n’a jamais déclaré « qu'à part lui, il n y a jamais eu de poète en Kabylie ».
2- Si vous lisez ces écrits, vous comprendrez qu’il n’est pas du genre à penser ce genre de conneries.
3- Un kabyle digne de ce nom, ne peut être crédible dès lors qu’il se cache derrière un masque pour dénigrer publiquement un grand artiste comme notre frère Ṣɛid At Mɛemmer et de surcroît sans fournir la moindre preuve ni le moindre argument valable.
4- « La vanité » que vous avez évoquée dans vos propos diffamatoires, réside plutôt dans la méchanceté gratuite qu’engendre une jalousie aveuglante.
Awal yenna-t-id Lewnis:
“Mi d-iban wergaz deg-neɣ, amzun mačči nneɣ; d nekkni a d-yezwiren ɣer-s.”
5- Basta ! Y en a marre des polémiques stériles qui ne mènent que vers la dérive lorsqu’elles ne mènent nulle part.
Rachid TIGHILT (artiste...)
Tiririt i yizem (tasedda)-yagi usawen
Melmi d wanida d-nniY akka ay uḥric?
Anwa-k (anta-kem)? Acimi triḍ ad iyi-tesmesxeḍ s tucmitin-agi?
Seid At Meemmer
Tamawt:
War ccekk kečč (kemm) d yiwen (yiwet) seg widak-nni yettawin arrazen Neeman neY Mobilis :-)
A nnger-im a taYeddiwt! Ur tzemmrem ara ad iyi-tessamsem, aYet idlisen-iw ad iyi-tissinem, ma ulac asmet teqqimem!
imyura n tmedyazt, tira d tɣuri
Azul fell-awen ay ImaziYen!
Amek akka i tezṛam d anwa amyaru n tmedyazt i d-yuder "MSN"?
Ur d-yenni ara d Seid At Meemmer.
Yezmer ad yili d Salem Zenia? Ula d netta yettaru tamedyazt.
Akken yebɣu yili, aṭas n wid yettarun tamedyazt Yur-neY ttwalin iman-snen nnig n wiyaḍ.
A gma "MSN", yelha mi i tselleḍ i wawalen n Zedek Mouloud, maca tira d tɣuri d ayen nniḍen i yessefken i tutlayt-nneɣ.
Awal ha-t-an ar ɣur-wen ay Imaziɣen.
Ass ameggaz!
Tira nneɣ
Tanemmirt i wid i ittarun s tira nneɣ !
Sâiɣ kan yiwen uɣilif : awufan a nekkes ijerriden ger wawalen ! Ur llin di tmeslayen nniden, bexlaf taârabt ideg, tikwal, isem icudd ar umqim is !
Achal tezzyen tira nneɣ, abaâda tifinaɣ. Iwata a nesseqdec yal ttawil ara t irren d tafessast.
Afus deg ufus, taâkkwemt a t ifsus.
Tira
Azul a gma!
Ijerriden yezmar ad ttwaksen sya ar zdat deg tira-nneɣ.
Tura llan akken ad flali tajerrumt.
Llant aṭas tutlayin tiyaḍ anda amqim awṣil iccud ar yisem (langues aglutinantes, ex. finlandais).
Ma yella d tira s tifinaɣ d tuɣalin ar deffir.
Isekkilen n tifinaɣ d wid n tlatint, kkan-d di sin seg Tefnikt (phénicien).
Maca isekkilen n tlatint neflan ɣef wid n tifinaɣ.
Ass ameggaz!
Tiririt
Tanemmirt n tririt ik !
Am keçç, nwiɣ ad twaksen ijerriden, mi tâadda tallit ɣef tira. Atas ay urgiɣ : 40 iseggwasen aya, segmi la tettaru s tlatinit. Awufan d lawan, tura, n tferni n tira tafessast deg uɣerbaz.
Iwata a naâned tutlayin i ishalen tira, maççi d tid i t iswaâran.
Ameslay af tifinaɣ, ɣezzif. Ar tikkelt nniden !
Tagmatt
Tifinagh
Atan, ihi, acu ar a d iniɣ ɣef Tifinaɣ.
Atas i gebɣan a nefren isekkilen ilatiniyen, mi nebda la tettaru, di tegwnits n 1980.
Imiren d'iskkilen agi, kan, i gellan, di Internet.
Tura tbeddel teswiât. Nezmer aseqdec n yal asekkil. Yiwen n wugur itwakkes.
Tissnat, mara nmeyyez, a nwali, isekkilen n tifinaɣ, zgan di tmeddut Imaziɣen : tira ɣef yizra, ijeqduren, tirakniwin, ticrad, ikufa, atg. Amzun, deg idammen nneɣ, ay llan ("gènes").
Sehlen madi i ulmad. Mi ten tesqedced, a ten themmled.
Lemmer a nqaren tira nneɣ, ar tira talatinit, a nwali tif its, a nwali achal tezzyen, achal "tcuba tawizets".
Wid i d iqqaren : tifinaɣ tusa d si tefniqt, ad qarnen isekkilen ifniqiyen ar widen nneɣ : un aâdilen ara madi. Tifinaɣ iusa d si "lybique", ou netta, d tiffin n lejdud nneɣ.
Tajmilt i Ugellid ameqwran i ɣ leddin allen.


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1
A dderya, ḍuɛet imawlan-nwen akken yebɣa Sidi Ṛebbi, axaṭer ayagi d ayen yellan d lḥeqq.
2
Di ccariɛa i d-yefka Sidi Ṛebbi i Sidna Musa, d wagi i d lameṛ amezwaru yesɛan lemɛahda :
3
Qadeṛ baba-k d yemma-k iwakken aț-țɛiceḍ di lehna yerna ad yiɣzif leɛmeṛ-ik di ddunit.+
4
Ma d kunwi ay imawlan, ur sserfayet ara dderya-nwen, meɛna ṛebbit-țen akken i kkun-id-iweṣṣa Sidi Ṛebbi.
5
Ay aklan, ḍuɛet imɛellmen n ddunit-agi, s leqdeṛ, s wul yeṣfan d neyya am akken d Lmasiḥ i tețḍuɛum .
6
Ayagi ur t-xeddmet ara kan m'ara kkun-țɛassan am akken tețnadim aț-țɛeǧbem i yemdanen, lameɛna ilit am iqeddacen n Lmasiḥ i gxeddmen lebɣi n Sidi Ṛebbi seg ul.
7
Qedcet fell-asen am akken d Lmasiḥ s yiman-is i ɣef tqeddcem mačči ɣef yemdanen.
8
Teẓram belli win ixedmen lxiṛ, ama d akli neɣ d aḥeṛṛi, a t-yaf ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi.
9
Ma d kunwi ay imɛellmen, xedmet daɣen i iqeddacen-nwen akken yella di lebɣi n Sidi Ṛebbi; ur xeddmet ara deg-sen lbaṭel, imi teẓram belli amɛellem-nsen yellan daɣen d amɛellem-nwen, deg igenwan i gella yerna nețța ur ixeddem ara lxilaf ger yemdanen.
10
Sǧehdet ihi iman-nwen s tezmert tameqqrant n Sidi Ṛebbi.
11
Refdet leslaḥ meṛṛa i d-yețțak Sidi Ṛebbi, iwakken ur kkun-iɣelleb ara Cciṭan s tḥila-ines;
12
axaṭer imenɣi-nneɣ mačči akk d yemdanen i gella, lameɛna nețnaɣ ț-țgeldiwin akk-d tnezmarin n ṭṭlam iḥekmen di ddunit-agi, akk-d leṛwaḥ imcumen yellan deg igenwan.
13
Ɣef wayagi, refdet leslaḥ n Sidi Ṛebbi, iwakken aț-țizmirem aț-țqablem tiswiɛin iweɛṛen, s wakka ɣer taggara n umenuɣ a kkun-id-yaf lḥal mazal tbeddem.
14
Heggit iman-nwen am iɛsekṛiwen, beggset tideț, lset lḥeqq ɣef yidmaren-nwen am tidemmar n wuzzal.
15
Sɛut zzwaṛa am warkasen deg yidaṛṛen-nwen, daymen theggam i ubecceṛ n lexbaṛ n lxiṛ.
16
Di yal taswiɛt, sɛut liman am tseddarit s wayes ara tizmirem aț-țsensem isufa n tmes n Cciṭan;
17
cuddet leslak am tcacit n wuzzal ɣef wuqeṛṛuy-nwen, sxedmet asekkin n Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen yellan d awal n Sidi Ṛebbi.
18
Di yal taswiɛt deɛɛut ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi s Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen s yal taẓallit d uḥellel. Ɛiwzet ihi, kettṛet di tẓallit, deɛɛut ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi ɣef watmaten meṛṛa;
19
deɛɛut daɣen fell-i iwakken a yi-d-yefk Sidi Ṛebbi imeslayen s wayes ara beccṛeɣ lbaḍna n lexbaṛ n lxiṛ mbla tugdi.
20
Țțuceggɛeɣ-d ad beccṛeɣ lexbaṛ n lxiṛ ; ɣef ddemma-s i lliɣ d ameḥbus; dɛut ihi iwakken a t-beccṛeɣ akken ilaq, mbla tugdi.
21
Bɣiɣ aț-țeẓrem ula d kunwi ayen i yi-yeɛnan d wayen i xeddmeɣ, daymi i n-ceggɛeɣ gma-tneɣ ameɛzuz Tucik iqeddcen seg ul ɣef Sidna Ɛisa, d nețța ara kkun-isɛelmen ɣef kullec.
22
Ceggɛeɣ-t-in iwakken aț-țeẓrem ayen akk i ɣ-iɛnan, yerna ad isseǧhed ulawen-nwen.
23
Ay atmaten, lehna, leḥmala akk-d liman a wen-d-țțunefken s ɣuṛ Sidi Ṛebbi baba-tneɣ akk-d Sidna Ɛisa Lmasiḥ.
24
Ṛṛeḥma n Sidi Ṛebbi a d-ters ɣef wid akk iḥemmlen Sidna Ɛisa Lmasiḥ s lmaḥibba ur nfennu!


text:
Imekkiyen n useggas-a (2010) Aseggas-a (2010), azal n 147 i yekkin di temsizzelt (concours) n tmedyezt tamaziɤt n Adrar n Fad. Tuget n yimekkiyen d Leqbayel, i d-yusan seg waɤir n Bgayet , Tizi Wezzu, Tubiret, Sṭif, Burǧ Buɛrarij, Bumerdas, Lezzayer, Wehran, …maca tekkin daɤen Imaziɤen-nniḍen, yecban Icawiyen, d wiyaḍ. Aseggas-a, kkin azal n 10 n Yicawiyen, yiwen n Umahaq (Atergi), yiwen n Ucelḥi (seg Wargla)…
Tamawt-nniḍen, d tikkin n tilawin deg tfaska. Aseggas-a, kkint azal n 36 (ɤef 147 n yimzazwaren). Timsizzelt n tfaska Timsizzelt-a, deg-s sin n yimuren, sin n yikayaden : arat (manuscript) akked timewt (oral). Arat ila 15/20, timewt tla 5/20.
Deg wamur amezwaru (arat), taseqqamut n yinezzurfa tesbedd 5 n yisefran (critères) : aseskel (notation), tutlayt, tugniwin (images), asentel (thème), talɤa n usefru (forme du poème). Yal asefren ila 3 n waqqayen (points).
Deg wamur wis 2 (timewt neɤ timenna), llan sin n yisefran : taɤa ra n tɤuri (ɤef 2,5) akked tiyita n usefru (sa declamation). GM. S 7 n yisefran-a ay teskazzal (évaluer) Tseqqamut n yinezzurfa (members du jury) imedyazen akked tmedyazin i yettikkin yal aseggas deg tfaska n Adrar n Fad.
Deg tseqqamut-a, llan Massen ! Kamal BOUAMARA (Aselway n tseqqamut), Zahir MEKSEM, Lhacène MAHROUCHE akked Allaoua RABEHI. Leqwanen n temsizzelt
Timsizzelt-a tleḥḥu s usaḍuf agensas (règlement intérieur) ideg llan leqwanen. D amedya , imekki ilaq ad yesɛu 18 n yiseggasen (neɤ ugar) di leɛmer-is ; imekki, ilaq ad yekki s yisefra ines netta …
Yal amzazwer ad d-yazen 3 n yisefra ad yernu ad yili dinna ussan n temsizzelt, akken ad ten-id-yewt sdat n tseqqamut akked ugdud (public). Dɤa, win ur neḥdir i temsizzelt, yettusemma ur yekki ara, acku ur yesɛedda ara akayad wis 2 : timewt. Arrazen n temsizzelt Timsizzelt-a ɤur-s 3 n warrazen : amezwaru, wis sin akked wis 3. Maca llan daɤen warrazen n usebɤes : yella warraz n tmeṭṭut, win n yilemẓi, win n yimezgi akked win n tantala. Arrazen-a n usebɤes ttwaddamen-d deffir 3 n warrazen Lmulud Nat Mɛemmer ; ttwafranen gar yimezwura deg temsizzelt. Iwenniten ɤef tfaska n Adrar n fad Aṭas i yezmer yiwen ad d-yini ɤef tfaska-ya, maca ad d-nini kan ayen inefɛen d wayen yufraren. 1. Tidukkla Adrar n fad tettak-d tamsirt i tdukkliwin-nniḍen, ma yella rant ad lemdent. Acuɤer nettat tezmer ad d-theyyi tafaska n tmedyezt yal aseggas, tiyaḍ ur zmirent ara ad d-gent ula d …? 2. Tidukkla-ya tezga-d deg tɤiwant Ayt Smaɛel, d taɤiwant ur nxulef ara tuget n tiɤiwanin-nniḍen n Tmurt n Leqbayel ; taɤiwant-a tezga-d deg udrar …. 3. Tafaska n Adrar n fad tuɤal d aɤerbaz n tmedyezt taqbaylit. Imedyazen akked tmedyazin ay ttikkin yal aseggas deg temsizzelt ur d-ttasen ara kan ad awin arrazen, ɤas akken deg uqerru tezga takti-ya, ttasen-d ad lemden wa ɤef wa ; ttasen-d ad ḥessen i tmedyezt n wiyaḍ akked tiyaḍ 4. Nger tamawt, nufa, d amedya, aṭas i yessnen ad arun s teqbaylit, aṭas i yessnen ad d-ɤren isefra-nsen …Nger tamawt, nufa aṭas i yettaẓen ɤer sdat, lemmden seg useggas ɤer wayeḍ. Bgayet, ass , 29 deg meɤres 2010 K. Bouamara
Imekkiyen n useggas-a (2010)
Aseggas-a (2010), azal n 147 i yekkin di temsizzelt (concours) n tmedyezt tamaziɤt n Adrar n Fad. Tuget n yimekkiyen d Leqbayel, i d-yusan seg waɤir n Bgayet , Tizi Wezzu, Tubiret, Sṭif, Burǧ Buɛrarij, Bumerdas, Lezzayer, Wehran, …maca tekkin daɤen Imaziɤen-nniḍen, yecban Icawiyen, d wiyaḍ. Aseggas-a, kkin azal n 10 n Yicawiyen, yiwen n Umahaq (Atergi), yiwen n Ucelḥi (seg Wargla)… Tamawt-nniḍen, d tikkin n tilawin deg tfaska. Aseggas-a, kkint azal n 36 (ɤef 147 n yimzazwaren).
Timsizzelt n tfaska
Timsizzelt-a, deg-s sin n yimuren, sin n yikayaden : arat (manuscript) akked timewt (oral). Arat ila 15/20, timewt tla 5/20. Deg wamur amezwaru (arat), taseqqamut n yinezzurfa tesbedd 5 n yisefran (critères) : aseskel (notation), tutlayt, tugniwin (images), asentel (thème), talɤa n usefru (forme du poème). Yal asefren ila 3 n waqqayen (points). Deg wamur wis 2 (timewt neɤ timenna), llan sin n yisefran : taɤa ra n tɤuri (ɤef 2,5) akked tiyita n usefru (sa declamation).
GM. S 7 n yisefran-a ay teskazzal (évaluer) Tseqqamut n yinezzurfa (members du jury) imedyazen akked tmedyazin i yettikkin yal aseggas deg tfaska n Adrar n Fad. Deg tseqqamut-a, llan Massen ! Kamal BOUAMARA (Aselway n tseqqamut), Zahir MEKSEM, Lhacène MAHROUCHE akked Allaoua RABEHI.
Leqwanen n temsizzelt Timsizzelt-a tleḥḥu s usaḍuf agensas (règlement intérieur) ideg llan leqwanen. D amedya , imekki ilaq ad yesɛu 18 n yiseggasen (neɤ ugar) di leɛmer-is ; imekki, ilaq ad yekki s yisefra ines netta … Yal amzazwer ad d-yazen 3 n yisefra ad yernu ad yili dinna ussan n temsizzelt, akken ad ten-id-yewt sdat n tseqqamut akked ugdud (public). Dɤa, win ur neḥdir i temsizzelt, yettusemma ur yekki ara, acku ur yesɛedda ara akayad wis 2 : timewt.
Arrazen n temsizzelt
Timsizzelt-a ɤur-s 3 n warrazen : amezwaru, wis sin akked wis 3. Maca llan daɤen warrazen n usebɤes : yella warraz n tmeṭṭut, win n yilemẓi, win n yimezgi akked win n tantala. Arrazen-a n usebɤes ttwaddamen-d deffir 3 n warrazen Lmulud Nat Mɛemmer ; ttwafranen gar yimezwura deg temsizzelt.
Iwenniten ɤef tfaska n Adrar n fad
Aṭas i yezmer yiwen ad d-yini ɤef tfaska-ya, maca ad d-nini kan ayen inefɛen d wayen yufraren.
1. Tidukkla Adrar n fad tettak-d tamsirt i tdukkliwin-nniḍen, ma yella rant ad lemdent. Acuɤer nettat tezmer ad d-theyyi tafaska n tmedyezt yal aseggas, tiyaḍ ur zmirent ara ad d-gent ula d …?
2. Tidukkla-ya tezga-d deg tɤiwant Ayt Smaɛel, d taɤiwant ur nxulef ara tuget n tiɤiwanin-nniḍen n Tmurt n Leqbayel ; taɤiwant-a tezga-d deg udrar ….
3. Tafaska n Adrar n fad tuɤal d aɤerbaz n tmedyezt taqbaylit. Imedyazen akked tmedyazin ay ttikkin yal aseggas deg temsizzelt ur d-ttasen ara kan ad awin arrazen, ɤas akken deg uqerru tezga takti-ya, ttasen-d ad lemden wa ɤef wa ; ttasen-d ad ḥessen i tmedyezt n wiyaḍ akked tiyaḍ
4. Nger tamawt, nufa, d amedya, aṭas i yessnen ad arun s teqbaylit, aṭas i yessnen ad d-ɤren isefra-nsen …Nger tamawt, nufa aṭas i yettaẓen ɤer sdat, lemmden seg useggas ɤer wayeḍ.
Bgayet, ass , 29 deg meɤres 2010
K. Bouamara


text:
D lewhayem tura yiwen ur yessin isem-is. Ula dayen ixeddem ur as-d-iqqim unamek, ur iban anda yella neɣ ɣer wanida yessaweḍ neɣ ɣer wanida iteddu. Anida akka yella deg tmesrifegt neɣ di lḥebs. Yettusemma mazal-it kan d amdan?! Netta yuɣal d ayen-nniḍen?! D wa i d aseqsi, d annect-a i yessagaden! Aṭṭan-is ugadeɣ ad tisenṭeḍ i wiyaḍ. Di tegnitt am ta, d useqsi am wa! Anda yella ulac Taqbaylit,ulac nnif ulac lḥerma. Tella teḥraymit,llant txiḍas...
Crif Wanuɣi
Yeɣli deg uzerdab anda ur yettili d amdan. Dacu-t ihi? D wa i d aseqsi. Teḍra yid-s am ifer yeddem waḍu. Ur yeqqim di lqaɛa ur yuli s igenni. Teḍra yid-s am win ittecfen di tallunt. Anef awer d-yezzi, anda tebɣu teffeɣ. Iɛreq-as ula d iman-is! Imewlan-is,tameṭṭut-is akked warraw-is. Ur iwala d acu-t. D acu ara d-yawin aseqsi am wa. Ammer a k-iniɣ tura ur yesɛi azal! Ma yella nɣan-tt ur tettuneḥsab d tamegreṭ?! Win ara t-yenɣen amek ara yili uḥulfu-ines? Widak-nni zgan ttafen-d timental i twaɣiyin-nnsen. Amek ara teǧǧen ad yidir ma yella ixulef abrid-nnsen. Ma yella ur yeddi ara di lebɣi-nnsen. Aka i tḍerru d win inekren laṣel-is. Yekreh tidett. Wagi i teddu war iswi! Ih, mebla iswi acku win i tettun ansa i d-yekka deg uqerruy-is anagar tallast i yettwali. Yettwakellex, iruḥ di leɣlaḍ. Iɣil tiḥerci-ines tif akk tin n medden. Iɣil ad yaweḍ ad iwerret ayen ur ittalay alarmi yeɣli di tcerkett am yilef.
D lewhayem tura yiwen ur yessin isem-is. Ula dayen ixeddem ur as-d-iqqim unamek, ur iban anda yella neɣ ɣer wanida yessaweḍ neɣ ɣer wanida iteddu. Anida akka yella deg tmesrifegt neɣ di lḥebs. Yettusemma mazal-it kan d amdan?! Netta yuɣal d ayen-nniḍen?! D wa i d aseqsi, d annect-a i yessagaden! Aṭṭan-is ugadeɣ ad tisenṭeḍ i wiyaḍ. Di tegnitt am ta, d useqsi am wa! Anda yella ulac Taqbaylit,ulac nnif ulac lḥerma. Tella teḥraymit,llant txiḍas...
Crif Wanuɣi


text:
1
Qeblet gar-awen win ur neǧhid ara di liman, ur kkatet ara deg-s ma ixuṣṣ di lefhama.
2
Axaṭer yiwen yumen belli yezmer ad yečč kullec, wayeḍ ixuṣṣen di liman ițkukru, itețț kan lxedṛa.
3
Win itețțen kullec ur ilaq ara ad iḥqeṛ win ur ntețț ara, win ur ntețț ara ur ilaq ara daɣen ad iḥaseb win itețțen, axaṭer Sidi Ṛebbi iqbel-it akken yella.
4
D acu-k kečč iwakken aț-țḥasbeḍ aqeddac n wayeḍ ? Ma yella ixdem ccɣel-is neɣ yeqqim, ayagi d ccɣel n umɛellem-is! Meɛna ad ibedd ɣer ccɣel-is, axaṭer Sidi Ṛebbi yesɛa tazmert iwakken a t-iṭṭef ur iɣelli ara.
5
Yella yiwen yeqqaṛ llan wussan yesɛan azal akteṛ n wiyaḍ, ma ɣer wayeḍ ussan akk ɛedlen ur mxalafen ara. Mkul yiwen ilaq ad itḥeqqeq deg wayen ițxemmim.
6
Win yețțaken azal i wussan akteṛ n wiyaḍ, ixeddem ayagi i Sidi Ṛebbi, win itețțen kullec, itețț s wul yeṣfan axaṭer yețḥemmid Sidi Ṛebbi ɣef wayen itețț; win ur ntețț ara kullec, yexdem ayagi s wul yeṣfan imi ula d nețța ițḥemmid Sidi Ṛebbi ɣef wayen itețț.
7
Ihi ulac win yețɛicin i yiman-is, ulac daɣen win yemmuten i yiman-is.
8
Axaṭer ma nedder, nedder i Ṛebbi, ma nemmut, nemmut i Ṛebbi. Ihi ama nedder ama nemmut, nukni d ayla n Sidi Ṛebbi.
9
Axaṭer Lmasiḥ yemmut, yerna yeḥya-d iwakken ad yili d Aḥkim n wid yemmuten akk-d wid yeddren.
10
Ma d kečč acuɣeṛ i tețḥasabeḍ gma-k ? Acuɣer i t-tḥeqṛeḍ ? Eɛni ur nețɛeddi ara akk di ccṛeɛ zdat Sidi Ṛebbi iwakken a ɣ-iḥaseb ?
11
Axaṭer yura di tektabt iqedsen : Nekk Illu, Ṛebbi yeddren, a d-iniɣ : yal tagecrirt aț-țeknu zdat-i, yal imi ad icehhed yis-i belli d nekk i d Ṛebbi .
12
Axaṭer yal yiwen deg-nneɣ ad ițțuḥaseb zdat Ṛebbi ɣef wayen yexdem.
13
Ur țemḥasabet ara ihi wway-gar awen, meɛna ḥadret iman-nwen iwakken ur txeddmem ara ayen ara yesseɣlin atmaten-nwen di ddnub.
14
?riɣ yerna țekleɣ ɣef wayen i d-yenna Ɛisa Lmasiḥ belli ulac ayen yețțuḥeṛmen di lmakla; win iḥesben kra yețțuḥeṛṛem meɛna yečča-t, d leḥṛam fell-as.
15
Ma yella tesḥezneḍ gma-k ɣef ddemma n wayen i tțețțeḍ ur tesɛiḍ ara lmaḥibba. ?ader ihi aț-țiliḍ s lmakla-inek, d sebba n uɣelluy i gma-k i ɣef yemmut Lmasiḥ.
16
Ayen tḥesbem kunwi d ayen yelhan, ur ilaq ara ad yili d sebba s wayes ara wten deg-wen wiyaḍ.
17
Axaṭer tagelda n Sidi Ṛebbi mačči d lmakla neɣ ț-țissit meɛna d lḥeqq, d lehna akk-d lfeṛḥ s Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen.
18
Win iteddun akka deg webrid n Lmasiḥ, ad yeɛǧeb i Ṛebbi, yerna ad yeɛziz ɣer yemdanen.
19
S wakka ihi, a nennadit ɣef wayen ara ɣ-d-yawin lehna, d wayen ara ɣ-isnernin di liman.
20
Ur ssexṛab ara ccɣel n Sidi Ṛebbi deg wul n gma-k ɣef ddemma n lmakla. S tideț, ayen akk yețmaččan d leḥlal, lameɛna d leḥṛam fell-ak ma telliḍ d sebba n uɣelluy n gma-k ɣef ddemma n wayen i tțețțeḍ.
21
Iwakken ur tețțiliḍ ara d sebba n uɣelluy n gma-k, xḍu i lmakla n weksum immezlen i ssadaț neɣ tissit n ccṛab, d wayen akk izemren ad yesseɣli gma-k di ddnub.
22
Ayen s wayes tumneḍ keččini, eǧǧ-it i yiman-ik gar-ak d Sidi Ṛebbi. D aseɛdi win ur nesseḍlam ara iman-is deg wayen i gxeddem.
23
Meɛna win yețcukkun deg wayen itețț, d leḥṛam fell-as, axaṭer ur itețț ara s nneya. Kra n wayen ur nețwaxdam ara s liman d nneya, d leḥṛam.


text: Kabyle(i) 1 A k-n-ssutreɣ ɣef wudem n Ṛebbi d Ɛisa Lmasiḥ ara iḥasben wid yeddren d wid yemmuten, i lmend n wass n tuɣalin-is ț-țgeldit-is. 2 Becceṛ awal n Sidi Ṛebbi ama di teswiɛt yelhan ama di teswiɛt iweɛṛen, ssefhem, lumm, enhu, sselmed s ṣṣbeṛ d leɛqel. 3 Axaṭer a d-yaweḍ lweqt anda kra n yemdanen ur zemmren ara ad slen i uselmed n tideț, lameɛna ad tebɛen lebɣi n tnefsit-nsen, a d-sbedden lecyux ara sen-d-ihedṛen ayen kan i sen-iɛeǧben; 4 ad sɛuẓẓgen iman nsen ɣef tideț, ad rren ddehn-nsen ɣer tmucuha. 5 Ma d kečč ḥekkem deg iman-ik di kullec, ṣṣbeṛ i cedda d leɛtab, becceṛ lexbaṛ n lxiṛ, txedmeḍ lwaǧeb-ik n uqeddac n Sidi Ṛebbi akken ilaq. 6 Ma d nekk yewweḍ-ed lweqt i deg ilaq ad sebbleɣ iman-iw, yewweḍ-ed lweqt i deg ara ṛuḥeɣ. 7 Kfiɣ ccɣel-iw yerna ṭṭfeɣ di liman ar tura, nnuɣeɣ imenɣi n tideț armi ț-țaggara. 8 Tura yețṛaǧu-yi lḥeqq n lxedma-w ara yi-d-yefk Bab n lḥeqq deg ass n lḥisab, yerna mačči i nekk kan, lameɛna i wid meṛṛa i t-iḥemmlen yețṛaǧun ass n tuɣalin-is. 9 Exdem lmeǧhud-ik iwakken ur tețɛeṭṭileḍ ara a d-taseḍ ɣuṛ-i. 10 Gma-tneɣ Dimas yeǧǧa-yi, yewwi-t zzhu n ddunit, iṛuḥ ɣer temdint n Tisalunik. Gma-tneɣ Krisis iṛuḥ ɣer tmurt n Galasya, ma d gma-tneɣ Tit iṛuḥ ɣer tmurt n Dalmasya. 11 Anagar gma-tneɣ Luqa i geqqimen yid-i. Awi-d yid-ek gma tneɣ Maṛqus iwakken ad iyi-iɛawen di lxedma-w. 12 Ma d gma-tneɣ Ticik atan ceggɛeɣ-t ɣer temdint n Ifasus. 13 M'ara d-taseḍ, awi-d yid-ek abeṛnus-nni i ǧǧiɣ deg wexxam n Karbus di temdint n Truwas, awi-d yid-ek daɣen idlisen, abeɛda wid yețwaxedmen s weglim. 14 Alixandru aḥeddad iḍuṛṛ-iyi, ixdem-iyi aṭas n cceṛ meɛna ayen yexdem a t-yaf ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi. 15 Ula d kečč ḥader iman-ik seg-s, axaṭer yețxaṣam-aɣ-d daymen deg wayen i nețbecciṛ. 16 Ass amezwaru i deg d-beddeɣ ɣer ccṛeɛ ur ufiɣ ula d yiwen ɣer tama-w, ǧǧan-iyi akk; lameɛna a wer ten-iḥaseb Ṛebbi ɣef wayagi! 17 D Sidi Ṛebbi i yi-iɛawnen, i yi-isǧehden, iwakken lexbaṛ n lxiṛ ad ițțubecceṛ s lekmal-is i leǧnas nniḍen meṛṛa yerna isellek-iyi-d seg imi n yizmawen. 18 Sidi Ṛebbi mazal a yi-iḥader ɣef wayen akk n diri yerna ad iyi-isellek iwakken ad kecmeɣ tagelda-ines yellan deg igenwan. I nețța tamanegt si lǧil ɣer lǧil! Amin! 19 Sellem ɣef Briska d Akilas akk-d țwacult n Unisifur. 20 Gma-tneɣ Irast yeqqim di temdint n Kurintus, ma d Trufim ǧǧiɣ-t di temdint n Milet mazal-it yehlek. 21 Exdem lmeǧhud-ik iwakken a d taseḍ uqbel ccetwa. Bulus, Buden, Linus, Kludya d watmaten akk nniḍen țsellimen-d fell-ak. 22 Sidi Ṛebbi ad yili yid-ek! Ṛṛeḥma-s a d-ters fell-awen! Amin.


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text: Kabyle(i) 1 Akka i gebda lexbaṛ n lxiṛ yeɛnan Ɛisa Lmasiḥ, Mmi-s n Ṛebbi. 2 Am akken yura di tektabt n nnbi Iceɛya : Ad zzewreɣ zdat-ek amceggeɛ-iw, a k-ifres abrid. 3 ?-țaɣect n win yețɛeggiḍen deg unezṛuf : heggit abrid i Sidi Ṛebbi, ssemsawit iberdan-is! 4 Iban-ed Yeḥya aɣeṭṭas deg unezṛuf, yesseɣḍas lɣaci deg waman, yeqqaṛ-asen : Beddlet tikli, aset-ed aț-țețwaɣeḍsem iwakken a wen-yeɛfu Sidi Ṛebbi. 5 Imezdaɣ meṛṛa n tmurt n Yahuda d wid n temdint n Lquds țṛuḥun-d ɣuṛ-es, țqiṛṛin s ddnubat-nsen zdat lɣaci dɣa Yeḥya yeṣṣeɣḍas-iten deg wasif n Urdun. 6 Yelsa llebsa yețwaxedmen s ccɛeṛ n welɣem, yebges tabagust n weglim ɣef wammas-is. Lqut-is d ajṛad akk-d țament n lexla. 7 Yețbecciṛ yeqqaṛ : Win ara d-yasen deffir-i yugar iyi, yesɛa tazmert akteṛ-iw; ur uklaleɣ ara ad knuɣ a s-fsiɣ ula d lexyuḍ n warkasen-is. 8 Nekk sseɣḍaseɣ-kkun deg waman, lameɛna nețța a kkun-isseɣḍes s Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen. 9 Deg wussan-nni, Sidna Ɛisa yusa-d si taddart n Naṣaret ɣer tmurt n Jlili. Yesseɣḍes-it Yeḥya deg wasif n Urdun. 10 Akken i d-iffeɣ seg waman, iwala igenwan ldin, Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen iṣubb-ed fell-as s ṣṣifa n tetbirt. 11 Yiwet n taɣect tekka-d seg igenwan tenna-d : Kečč d Mmi eɛzizen; deg-k i gella lfeṛḥ-iw! 12 Imiren kan, Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen yewwi-t ɣer uneẓruf, 13 anda i t-ijeṛṛeb Cciṭan ṛebɛin wussan. Yețɛic ger lewḥuc n lɣaba, lmalayekkat qeddcent fell-as. 14 Mi gețwaḥbes Yeḥya, Sidna Ɛisa iṛuḥ ɣer tmurt n Jlili; yețbecciṛ lexbaṛ n lxiṛ n Sidi Ṛebbi, yeqqaṛ : 15 Tageldit n Ṛebbi tqeṛṛeb-ed! Yewweḍ-ed lweqt-is! Uɣalet-ed ɣer webrid tamnem s lexbaṛ n lxiṛ! 16 Mi gella ileḥḥu rrif n lebḥeṛ n tmurt n Jlili, iwala Semɛun akk-d gma-s Andriyus ṭeggiṛen acebbak ɣer lebḥeṛ, axaṭer d iṣeggaḍen i llan. 17 Sidna Ɛisa yenna-yasen : Ddut-ed yid-i, a kkun-rreɣ d iṣeggaḍen n yemdanen. 18 Imiren kan, ǧǧan icebbaken nsen, ddan yid-es. 19 Ikemmel abrid-is, iwala Yeɛqub akk-d gma-s Yuḥenna yellan d arraw n Zabadi, qqimen di teflukt-nsen țxiḍin icebbaken. 20 Yessawel-asen, imiren kan ǧǧan baba-tsen akk-d ixeddamen-is di teflukt, ddan d Sidna Ɛisa. 21 Sidna Ɛisa d inelmaden-is wwḍen ɣer temdint n Kafernaḥum. Deg wass n ssebt yellan d ass n westeɛfu, Sidna Ɛisa yekcem ɣer lǧameɛ yebda yesselmad. 22 Lɣaci i s-ițḥessisen wehmen deg uselmed ines axaṭer imeslayen-is sɛan tissas ( lhiba), mačči am uselmed n lɛulama n ccariɛa. 23 Yella di lǧameɛ-nni yiwen n wergaz i gezdeɣ uṛuḥani, yebda yețɛeggiḍ yeqqaṛ : 24 D acu tebɣiḍ ɣuṛ-nneɣ a Ɛisa anaṣari ? Tusiḍ-ed a ɣ-tesnegreḍ ? ?riɣ d acu-k, kečč d Imqeddes n Ṛebbi! 25 Sidna Ɛisa iɛeggeḍ fell-as yenna : Ssusem! Effeɣ seg wergaz-agi! 26 Aṛuḥani ihucc argaz-nni s lǧehd, yeffeɣ seg-s s leɛyaḍ. 27 Lɣaci meṛṛa xelɛen, wa yeqqaṛ i wa : D acu-t wayagi ? D acu-t uselmed-agi ajdid yesɛan lhiba ? Argaz-agi yeḥkem ula ɣef yiṛuḥaniyen yerna țțaɣen-as awal! 28 Seg imiren, Sidna Ɛisa yețwassen di tmurt n Jlili meṛṛa. 29 Mi d-ffɣen si lǧameɛ, ṛuḥen ɣer wexxam n Semɛun d Andriyus, yedda Yeɛqub d Yuḥenna. 30 Taḍeggalt n Semɛun tuḍen, tuɣ-iț tawla; hedṛen-as fell-as i Sidna Ɛisa. 31 Iqeṛṛeb ɣuṛ-es, yeṭṭef-as afus, yeskker-iț-id. Imiren kan teffeɣ-iț tawla-nni, tekker tqeddec-asen. 32 Tameddit mi geɣli yiṭij, wwin-as-d aṭas n imuḍan akk-d wid zedɣen iṛuḥaniyen. 33 Lɣaci n temdint meṛṛa nnejmaɛen-d zdat tewwurt. 34 Sidna Ɛisa yesseḥla aṭas n imuḍan i ghelken yal aṭan; yessufeɣ aṭas n iṛuḥaniyen yerna ur ten-yețțaǧa ara a d-mmeslayen, axaṭer nutni ẓran d acu-t. 35 ?ṣbeḥ zik uqbel ad yali wass, Sidna Ɛisa yeffeɣ ɣer lexla iwakken ad yedɛu ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi. 36 Semɛun d imdukkal-is ffɣen ad nadin fell-as; 37 mi t-ufan, nnan-as : A Sidi, medden akk țnadin fell-ak. 38 Sidna Ɛisa yerra-yasen : Eyyaw a nṛuḥet ɣer tudrin iqeṛben axaṭer ilaq ad beccṛeɣ daɣen dinna. ?ef wannect-agi i d-usiɣ. 39 Dɣa iṛuḥ ɣer tmurt n Jlili, yețbecciṛ di leǧwameɛ, yessufuɣ leǧnun. 40 Yiwen wergaz ihelken lbeṛs yusa-d ɣer Sidna Ɛisa, yeɣli ɣef tgecrar, iḥellel-it yenna-yas : A Sidi, ma tebɣiḍ, tzemreḍ a yi-tesseḥluḍ. 41 Sidna Ɛisa iɣaḍ-it wergaz-nni, dɣa yeẓẓel afus-is innul-it, yenna yas : Bɣiɣ, ili-k teḥliḍ! 42 Imiren kan, yeḥla si lbeṛs-nni, yuɣal yeṣfa. 43 Sidna Ɛisa iserreḥ-as ad iṛuḥ, iweṣṣa-t s lḥeṛs yenna-yas : 44 Sel-iyi-d mliḥ! Ur țɛawad i yiwen ayen yedṛan, lameɛna ṛuḥ a k-iẓer lmuqeddem, tawiḍ asfel ɣef ṣeffu-inek akken i t-id-iweṣṣa Musa. 45 Meɛna akken kan iṛuḥ, argaz-nni yebda yețberriḥ di mkul amkan, ayen yedṛan yid-es. Daymi Sidna Ɛisa ur yezmir ara a d-isbeggen iman-is di temdint, meɛna yețɣimi di beṛṛa deg imukan iḍeṛfen. Lɣaci țțasen-d ɣuṛ-es si mkul tama.


text:
Tasertit
Tasertit iswi-s d tuddsa d useggem n imadanen, d wayen yeɛnan iweẓla n taɣiwant. Dɣa isya dɣa id yeka wawal 'Politic', imi azar-is d awal agriki polis ibɣan ad yini taɣiwant, neɣ la siti (cité).
Anamek n tasertit deg akud atrar d aseggem udabu s daxel n addad. S umatu, tasertit d tiskiwet d w'amek leḥun lecɣal n wegraw n yimdanen di tmetti, neɣ n wegdud.
Yal amdan ur nettmuqul ara kan iman-is, neqqar ixedem tasertit. Yal argaz, neɣ tameṭṭut i yettekan deg umusu n tasertit di tmurt n wezref, ilaq ad izrekket (ad iqadar) imenzay n tanaya n weɣref d tugdut.
Anamek wayeḍ n wawal n tasertit daɣen i ttak ar umenɣi ɣef udabu ger irgazen d tulawin i gellan deg udabu amiran (n tura), d wid i gellan deg ikabaren imnagwa.
Gret Tamawt[beddel]
Waki d amuɣ kan amezwaru, yal win isɛan akud, ad ikemel amuɣ aki n isertiyen izwawen i waken aten id adden aken ma llan.


text:
Menhu-yaɣ nekni s Inagan n Yahwa?
Nekka-d si mkul lǧens, lluɣat-nneɣ mxalafent; ɣas akken, lmeqsudat-nneɣ ddukklen. Atan umezwaru yakk gar-asen: Neţţak lɛezz i Yahwa, Axellaq n wayen akk i ɣ-d-izzin, Ṛebbi iɣef i d-iţmeslay Wedlis Iqedsen. Nxeddem lmeǧhud akken a nɛaned Ʃisa yerna nefṛeḥ imi neţţusemma imasiḥiyen. Yal yiwen deg-neɣ yessexdam lweqt-is akken ad iɛiwen wiyaḍ ad issinen akteṛ n leḥwayeǧ ɣef Wedlis Iqedsen akk-d Tgelda n Ṛebbi. Neţţusemma Inagan n Yahwa axaṭer netcehhid, yeɛni nheddeṛ, ɣef Yahwa akk-d Tgelda-s.
Ẓur-ed asmel-nneɣ. Γer Adlis Iqedsen di Internet. Wali menhu-yaɣ; ẓer s wacu i neţţamen.


text:
1
Sidna Ɛisa yenna i inelmaden is imeslayen-agi : -- D lmuḥal ur d-țilint ara sebbat ara yesseɣlin imdanen di ddnub. A nnger n win ara yilin d sebba n uɣelluy;
2
axiṛ a s-ɛelqen aɣaṛef n tsirt ɣer temgeṛṭ-is, a t-ḍeggṛen ɣer lebḥeṛ wala ad yesseɣli di ddnub yiwen seg imecṭuḥen-agi.
3
?adret ɣef yiman-nwen! Ma yeḍlem gma-k ssefhem-it, ma yendem deg wayen ixdem semmeḥ as.
4
?as ma yeḍlem-ik sebɛa iberdan deg wass, ma yusa-d ɣuṛ-ek sebɛa tikkal a k-d-yini : « aql-i ndemmeɣ deg wayen xedmeɣ », ilaq a s tsemmḥeḍ.
5
Ṛṛusul n Sidna Ɛisa nnan-as : A Sidi ssemɣeṛ liman-nneɣ!
6
Sidna Ɛisa yerra-yasen : Lemmer tesɛam liman ulamma annect n uɛeqqa n yired, aț-țizmirem aț-ținim i ttejṛa-yagi n țut qleɛ sya tṛuḥeḍ aț-țeẓẓuḍ iman-im di lebḥeṛ, a wen-taɣ awal.
7
Anwa deg-wen ara yesɛun axeddam ikerrzen neɣ ikessen lmal, ara s-yinin m'ara d-yuɣal si lexla : « lɛeslama-inek, qqim aț-țesteɛfuḍ, tura a k-d-awiɣ aț-țeččeḍ ».
8
Mačči akka ara s-yini, meɛna a s-yini : « ɣiwel beddel lqecc-ik tawiḍ-iyi-d ad ččeɣ ad sweɣ, mi ččiɣ ṛwiɣ, imiren aț-țeččeḍ aț-țesweḍ ula d keččini. »
9
Eɛni ad icekkeṛ axeddam-is imi gexdem ayen i s-yumeṛ ?
10
Kunwi daɣen m'ara txedmem ayen i wen-d yețwamṛen, init : d iqeddacen kan i nella, nexdem ayen ilaqen a t-nexdem.
11
Deg webrid-is ɣer temdint n Lquds, Sidna Ɛisa iɛedda ger tmurt n Samarya akk ț-țmurt n Jlili.
12
Mi gekcem ɣer yiwet n taddart, mmugren t-id ɛecṛa imuḍan ihelken lbeṛs, bedden mebɛid
13
ɛeggḍen nnan-as : A Sidna Ɛisa! A Sidi ḥunn fell-aɣ!
14
Mi ten-iwala, Sidna Ɛisa yenna yasen : Ṛuḥet a kkun-walin lmuqedmin, a d-cehden belli teḥlam. Deg webrid-nsen mi ṛuḥen, akken walan iman-nsen ḥlan ṣfan,
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yiwen deg-sen yuɣal-ed seg webrid-nni yețḥemmid Ṛebbi s kra yellan di taɣect-is.
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Yusa-d yeɣli ɣer iḍaṛṛen n Sidna Ɛisa, iseǧǧed zdat-es, icekkeṛ-it, yerna argaz-agi d aṣamari i gella.
17
Sidna Ɛisa yenna i lɣaci : Eɛni ur ḥlin ara di ɛecṛa yid-sen ? I țesɛa nniḍen anda llan ?
18
Anagar abeṛṛani-agi i d-yuɣalen ad yeḥmed Ṛebbi!
19
Dɣa yenna i usamari-nni : Kker fell-ak uɣal ɣer wexxam ik, imi tumneḍ yis-i, tețțusellkeḍ.
20
Ifariziyen steqsan Sidna Ɛisa melmi ara d-tas lḥekma n tgeldit n Sidi Ṛebbi. Sidna Ɛisa yerra-yasen : Lḥekma n Sidi Ṛebbi mačči d ayen țwalint wallen.
21
Ur nezmir ara a d-nini : ațan dagi neɣ ațan dihin, axaṭer lḥekma n Sidi Ṛebbi ațan gar-wen.
22
Sidna Ɛisa yenna i inelmaden-is : A d-yas lweqt i deg ara tmennim aț-țeẓrem Mmi-s n bunadem ulamma d yiwen wass lameɛna ur kkun-id-ițṣaḥ ara.
23
Imiren ma nnan-awen-d : atah dagi neɣ atan dihin ur țṛuḥut ara, ur țțazzalet ara,
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axaṭer am lebṛaq m'ara yewwet seg yixef n igenni ɣer wayeḍ, akken ara yili Mmi-s n bunadem ass n tuɣalin-is.
25
Tazwara ilaq ad yeɛteb aṭas, yerna lǧil-agi ur t-iqebbel ara.
26
D ayen yedṛan di zzman n Nuḥ ara yedṛun deg ussan n tuɣalin n Mmi-s n bunadem.
27
Imdanen llan tețțen, țessen, țemyezwaǧen, zeggjen i dderya-nsen, armi d asmi yekcem Nuḥ ɣer lbabuṛ; yewwet-ed uḥemmal, neflen-d waman ɣef ddunit, imdanen meṛṛa mmuten.
28
D ayen yedṛan di zzman n Luṭ ara yedṛun daɣen : imdanen tețțen tessen, țțaɣen znuzun, țeẓẓun, bennun;
29
asmi d-yeffeɣ Luṭ si temdint n ?udum, teɣli-d seg igenni tmes d ukebri i ten-isnegren akk.
30
Akken ara d-tedṛu asm'ara d-iban Mmi-s n bunadem.
31
Ass-nni win ara yilin sufella n wexxam ur ilaq ara ad yekcem a d-iddem lqecc-is; win i d-yufa lḥal di lexla ur ilaq ara ad yuɣal ɣer deffir;
32
mmektit-ed tameṭṭut n Luṭ.
33
Win ara yebɣun ad isellek tudert-is ad a s-tṛuḥ, win iwumi ara tṛuḥ ɣef ddemma n yisem-iw a ț-isellek.
34
Qqaṛeɣ-awen : deg iḍ-nni, ger sin ara yilin deg yiwen wusu, yiwen ad ițwarfed wayeḍ a d-yeqqim.
35
Ger snat n tilawin yeẓẓaden, yiwet aț-țețwarfed tayeḍ a d-teqqim.
36
Ger sin yergazen ara yilin di lexla, yiwen ad ițwarfed wayeḍ a d-yeqqim.
37
Inelmaden-is steqsan-t nnan-as : Anda ara yedṛu wayagi a Sidi ? Yenna-yasen : Anda yella umurḍus, dinna ara a d-nejmaɛen igudar.


text: Kabyle(i) 1 Ur țlummu ara ɣef wemɣaṛ s leɛyaḍ, meɛna nhu-t am akken d baba-k; enhu daɣen ilmeẓyen am akken d atmaten-ik, 2 tamɣaṛt am yemma-k, tilmeẓyin am yessetma-k, s wul yeṣfan. 3 Qadeṛ tuǧǧal f+ telhuḍ ț-țid yeḥwaǧen lemɛawna. 4 Ma ț-țid yesɛan dderya neɣ dderya n warraw-nsent, ilaq d nutni ara d-yelhun yid-sent, akka ara d-sbeggnen ṭṭaɛa-nsen ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi m'ara rren lxiṛ i imawlan-nsen, ayagi d ayen i gɛeǧben i Sidi Ṛebbi. 5 Taǧǧalt i gellan weḥd-es ur nesɛi win ara ț-țirefden tețkel ɣef Sidi Ṛebbi tdeɛɛu ɣuṛ-es tețḥellil-it am yiḍ am ass. 6 Ma ț-țaǧǧalt yeṭṭafaṛen zzhu n ddunit, tinna temmut ɣas mazal-iț tedder. 7 Atah wayen i ɣef ara tweṣṣiḍ tuǧǧal iwakken ur d-yețțili ara wayen ara sent-d-ssukksen. 8 Ma yella win ur nɛawen ara at wexxam-is abeɛda imawlan-is, atan yeǧǧa liman, yuɣal akteṛ n win ijehlen. 9 Taǧǧalt ilaq aț-țesɛu sețțin n iseggasen di leɛmeṛ-is iwakken a ț-tɛawen tejmaɛt, ilaq aț-țili tezweǧ yiwet n tikkelt kan. 10 Ilaq aț-țili tețwassen s lecɣal-is yelhan, ț-țin iṛebban arraw-is akken ilaq, isṭerḥiben deg wexxam-is, issarden iḍaṛṛen n iqeddacen n Sidi Ṛebbi; treffed imeɣban, txeddem lxiṛ. 11 Meɛna ur qebbel ara i tejmaɛt aț-țɛawen tuǧǧal meẓẓiyen di leɛmeṛ, axaṭer m'ara bɣunt ad ɛawdent zzwaǧ zemrent ad ǧǧent abrid n Lmasiḥ; 12 s wakka ad xedɛent lɛahed-nni i fkant i Sidi Ṛebbi. 13 Yerna m'ur sɛint ara ayen ara xedment, ad țcalint seg wexxam ɣer wayeḍ mačči kan imi ur sɛint ara ccɣel, meɛna ad kettṛent deg yimeslayen ur nesɛi lmeɛna, ad ggarent iman-nsent deg wayen i tent-yexḍan. 14 Ihi bɣiɣ ad nhuɣ tuǧǧal meẓẓiyen di leɛmeṛ ad ɛawdent zzwaǧ, ad sɛunt dderya, ad lhint d yexxam-nsent iwakken iɛdawen ur țțafen ara ayen n diri ara hedṛen fell-asent. 15 Axaṭer llant seg-sent tid i geffɣen i webrid n Ṛebbi tebɛent abrid n Cciṭan. 16 Ma tella tin yumnen tesɛa tuǧǧal i s-yețțilin, d nețțat i glaq a tent tɛiwen iwakken ur țțilint ara ț țaɛkumt i tejmaɛt, akken daɣen tajmaɛt aț-țizmir aț-țɛiwen tid ur nesɛi ara win ara tent-irefden. 17 Imdebbṛen n tejmaɛt ixeddmen ccɣel-nsen akken ilaq uklalen ad țwaxelṣen s zzyada abeɛda wid yenneɛtaben deg ubecceṛ d uselmed. 18 Axaṭer tira iqedsen nnant-ed : Ur țțara ara takmamt i wezger yesserwaten, f+ yura daɣen : Axeddam yuklal lexlaṣ-is. f+ 19 Ur qebbel ara win ara iccetkin ɣef wemdebbeṛ n tejmaɛt anagar ma ḥedṛen sin neɣ tlata inagan ara d-icehden fell-as. 20 Ma d wid idenben, lumm-iten zdat medden meṛṛa iwakken ula d wiyaḍ ad aggaden. 21 Di leɛnaya-k ɣef wudem n Ṛebbi d Sid-nneɣ Ɛisa Lmasiḥ akk-d lmalayekkat yețwaxtaṛen, deg wannect-agi meṛṛa ur xeddem ara lxilaf ger yemdanen. 22 Ur țɣawal ara aț-țesserseḍ ifassen ɣef yiwen, ur țekki ara di ddnubat n wiyaḍ; ḥader iman-ik, qqim d azedgan. 23 ?ef ddemma n weqṛaḥ n tɛebbuṭ-ik i k-issefcalen, ur tess ara kan aman lameɛna sew ciṭṭuḥ n ccṛab. 24 Llan kra n yemdanen ddnubat-nsen țbanen-d uqbel ad țțuḥasben, llan wiyaḍ ddnubat-nsen ur d-țbanen ara imiren kan. 25 Akken daɣen i d-țbanen lecɣal lɛali, ma d lecɣal n diri ur zmiren ara ad qqimen ffren.


text:
Irland
Irland (Éire s tutlayt tirlandit, neɣ Ireland s teglizit), d yiwet ger tigzirin tibritaniyin, tezgad deg umalu n Britanya tameqqrant, ger agaraw n Aṭluntik d Ilel n Irland. Azar n wawal Irland ikad seg wawal irlandi Ériu neɣ Éire (d isem n tyakuct n zik, unti n Yakuc neɣ Rebbi) ak° d wawal agirmani land ("akal").
Irland tebḍa af snat n tigduda: tigduda n Irland, i yellan d tamurt tillelit, akw d Irland n ugafa, i mazal ger ifassen n Tigelda Iduklen n Britanya Tameqqrant d Irland n Ugafa.
Tigzirt n Irland tesɛa azal n 6 n imelyunen imezdaɣ, af le.fsan n 2006. Garasen 4,2 imelyunen n tigduda n Irland (1,6 imelyunen di tmanaɣt Dublin), d 1,7 imelyunen n Irland n ugafa (600 000 di tmanaɣt Belfast)


text:
Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei d amussnagamaw , d amussnayyur , aẓar-is n tmurt n Ṭelyan. D yiwen gar wid I d-igren lsas I tussnagama tamirant. Gar wayen iqdec Galili d Kepler, irfed-iten Newton I leqdic-is. Galili isnulfa-d s wacu issaked aggur, isken-d tiderra (ccwami) illan ɣef iṭij. D Galili I d-yufan isafen illan ɣef aggur d igensawen imeqqranen n Jupiter d udmawen n Venus.
Deg tussnaugama, Galili yufa-d alugen n uɣelluy n tfekkiwin d umussu uzlig. Deg umezruy, Galili iqqim d azamul n umennuɣ n tlelli n usnulfu mgal adabu d tmedlin terra teglizt ɣef imusnawen n imiren.
Galileo Galilei ilul di Pise (Ṭelyan), ass n 15 di furar 1564. Irfed-ed tamussni ines tamezwarut sɣur imdeyynen n Vallombroso. Syin akkin, deg usseggwas 1581, ikcem ɣer tesdawit n Pise, iɣra tussna n tijjit. Deg useggas n 1585 iǧǧa tasdawit i wakken ad iɣer tafilusufit d tussnakt.
Deg useggas 1589, Galili yuɣal d aselmad n tussnakt di tseddawit n Pise. Iffeɣ d anelmad, ikcem d aselmad. Seg useggas n 1592 armi d aseggas n 1610 iǧǧa aselmed di Pise, yuɣal ar tesdawit n Padoue.
Di Padoue, Galili isnulfa-d tamacint n usmiḍen u yufa-d alugen n uɣelluy n tfekkiwin. Deg useggas n 1595, ikki di temlilit imussnawen ɣef tiẓri n Kupernik d turda n Aristote d Polémée. Dɣa, anagar tiẓri n Kupernik I d-izgan ɣef tmuɣli-s, teccur as tiṭ.
Deg aggur n dujenber, aseggas n 1609, Galili isnulfa-d atiliskup, i d-isemwɣaren taɣawsa s 20 iberdan. S yis I d-iẓra idurar d imdunen illan ɣef aggur. Galili yufa-d diɣen igensawen itezzin i Jupiter. Ayen i d-yufa akka, issuffeɣ it-id deg meɣres usseggwas n 1610 deg udlis Amaznay Igenwan .
Galili yuɣal ittwasen, ibedd d amussnak di Florence. Deg useggas n 1610, ifka-d amḍan n udmawen n Venus (ayen illan mgal wayen I d-inna Ptolémée).
Ifilisufen rran deg idis ayen inna Galili, acku umnen s wayen i d-inna Aristote, imi d afilusuf am nutni. U deg useggas n 1612, Galili issuffeɣ-d diɣen adlis ɣef umimeḍ n tfekkiwin (imgaraden d tiktiwin n iselmaden n Florence d wid n Pise). Iffeɣ i ibardan Galili!
Deg useggas n 1613, Galili issuffeɣ-d adlis nniḍen ɣef tderra illan ɣef iṭij, isken-d tidett n tiẓri n Kupernik. Iffeɣ wawal gar medden, akken ayen inna Galili d ayen i wumi ur zmir wallaɣ, d leḥram u d ankar n ddin. Deg useggas n 1614, ittuzenz. Dɣa, yura tabrat i deg d-isefruri tiktiwin ines u i deg d-inna d akken d awezɣi ad ittwaqdec ddin i tussna, Imdeyynen ur asen ilaq ara ad gren iman-nnsen di tussna imi tikli n ddin d tin n tussna mgaradent. Yiwet ayen d-nna inta ur zmir ad ibeddel negh ittwabeddel, tayeḍ ayen d-nna d ayen id-isnulfa umdan u kra n win ar d-yafen kra s nnig-s a t-yarbu.
Deg useggas n 1616, teɣli-d tadrest ɣef idlisen n Kupernik, ɣef waya iɣetlen Galili i wakken ad yanef daɣen netta tiẓri n Kupernik. Di 1624, Galili ibda adlis-is Dialogue sur les marées, deg win id-imeslay ɣef turdiwin n Ptolémée d tid n Kupernik. Deg useggas n 1630, Imdeyynen, fkan turagt ad d-iffeɣ udlis-a, di Florence. Di 1632, iffeɣ-d ihi udlis-a, maca beddlen-as azwel, yughal d Dialogue sur les grands Système. Ɣas s turagt n ubadu i d-iffeɣ udlis-a, ɣran as-d si Rome ad t-carɛen u deg useggas 1616, iɣli-d uẓmaẓ fell-as akken ur d-ittader la s tmeslayt la s tira ɣef unagraw akupeniki.
Deg useggas 1633, Galili ikcem ar taẓult, itturez i lebda. Di tal tasdawit serɣen idlisen-is. I tmes imi fkan tiktiwin ines!
Armi d aseggas 1992, Abatikan (Vatican) ikez (yufa d tidet) s war-taɣdemt i d-igla ɣef uqerruy n Galili.
Tamselyut[beddel]


text: Kabyle(i) 1 Sidna Ɛisa yewwi-yasen-d lemtel-agi iwakken ad deɛɛun daymen ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi ur feččlen ara. 2 Yenna-yasen : Deg yiwet n temdint yella yiwen lqaḍi, ur ițțagad Ṛebbi ur yețqadaṛ imdanen. 3 Di temdint-nni tella daɣen yiwet n taǧǧalt tețṛuḥu ɣuṛ-es, teqqaṛ-as : « eḥkem s lḥeqq gar-i d wexṣim-iw. » 4 Aṭas i geqqim yegguma a s-yefk lḥeqq, meɛna ixemmem deg yiman-is yenna : « taǧǧalt-agi eɛyiɣ deg-es! ?as ur țțaggadeɣ Ṛebbi ur ḥsibeɣ yiwen 5 a s-fkeɣ lḥeqq akken ur d-tețțuɣal ara a yi-teṛṛeẓ aqeṛṛuy-iw. » 6 Dɣa Sidna Ɛisa yenna : Twalam ayen i d-yenna lqaḍi agi amesbaṭli! 7 Amek Sidi Ṛebbi ur d-yețțak ara lḥeqq i wid i gextaṛ, i gețɛeggiḍen ɣuṛ-es am yiḍ am ass ? A wen-d-iniɣ : ur yețɛeṭṭil ara iwakken a ten-iɛiwen, a sen-yefk lḥeqq. 8 Meɛna Mmi-s n bunadem asm'ara d-yas, wissen ma d-yaf liman di ddunit ? 9 Yenna-d daɣen lemtel-agi ɣef kra n yemdanen iḥesben iman-nsen d iḥeqqiyen ɣer Ṛebbi, iḥeqqṛen wiyaḍ : 10 Sin yergazen ulin ɣer lǧameɛ ad ẓallen; yiwen (d ccix n lǧameɛ) n ukabar n ifariziyen, wayeḍ d amekkas (ixeddmen ɣer iṛumaniyen istɛemṛen tamurt). 11 Afarizi ibedd yețẓalla yeqqaṛ deg iman-is : a k-ḥemdeɣ a k-cekkṛeɣ a Sidi Ṛebbi imi ur lliɣ ara am wid yellan d imcumen, d ixeddaɛen, yețɛicin di zzna; a k-cekkṛeɣ daɣen imi ur lliɣ ara am umekkas-agi. 12 ?țuẓumeɣ sin wussan di dduṛt, țțakeɣ leɛcuṛ seg wayen sɛiɣ. 13 Amekkas-nni ibedd mebɛid, issetḥa ad yerfed ula d allen-is ɣer igenni, yekkat deg idmaren-is yeqqaṛ : « a Sidi Ṛebbi, ḥunn fell-i nekk yellan d amednub! » 14 A wen-d-iniɣ : amekkas-nni yuɣal ɣer wexxam-is di lehna, yețwaqbel ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi, ma d afarizi-nni ur yețwaqbel ara. Kra n win yessimɣuṛen iman-is a t-id-isres Sidi Ṛebbi; ma d win yessimẓiyen iman-is a t-issaɛli. 15 Lɣaci țțawin-as-ed ula d llufanat iwakken ad issers afus-is fell-asen a ten-ibarek. Inelmaden-is mi walan ayagi, țnaɣen-ten. 16 Sidna Ɛisa issawel asen-d yenna : Anfet-asen i warrac imeẓyanen a d-asen ɣuṛ-i ur ten-țțarrat ara, axaṭer tagelda n Ṛebbi tețwahegga i wid yellan am nutni. 17 A wen-iniɣ tideț : kra n win ur neqbil ara tageldit n Sidi Ṛebbi am weqcic ameẓyan, ur ț-ikeččem ara. 18 Yiwen umeṛkanti isteqsa Sidna Ɛisa yenna-yas : Ay argaz n lɛali, d acu i yi ilaqen a t-xedmeɣ iwakken ad sɛuɣ tudert n dayem ? 19 Sidna Ɛisa yenna-yas : Acuɣeṛ i yi-d-tenniḍ « ay argaz lɛali » ? Ulac win yellan d lɛali-t anagar Sidi Ṛebbi! 20 Tessneḍ ayen i d-tenna ccariɛa n Musa : ur xeddem ara zzna, ur neqq ara, ur țțaker ara, ur țcehhid ara s ẓẓur, qadeṛ baba-k d yemma-k. 21 Argaz-nni yenna-yas : Ayagi akk xeddmeɣ-t seg wasmi lliɣ d ameẓyan. 22 Mi gesla Sidna Ɛisa i imeslayen agi, yenna-yas : Ihi txuṣṣ-ik yiwet lḥaǧa kan : ṛuḥ zzenz ayen akk tesɛiḍ, seddeq-it i yigellilen iwakken aț-țesɛuḍ agerruj deg igenni, tuɣaleḍ-ed aț-țedduḍ yid-i. 23 Argaz-nni mi gesla i yimeslayen-agi yeɣli-d fell-as leḥzen imi d ameṛkanti i gella. 24 Mi t-iwala yeḥzen, Sidna Ɛisa yenna : Acḥal i sen-yewɛeṛ i wid yesɛan cci ad kecmen ɣer tgelda n Sidi Ṛebbi! 25 Ishel i welɣem ad iɛeddi di tiṭ n tissegnit wala i umeṛkanti ad yekcem ɣer tgelda n Sidi Ṛebbi. 26 Wid i s-yeslan, nnan-as : Anwa i gzemren ad ițțusellek ? 27 Sidna Ɛisa yerra-yasen : Ayen yellan d lmuḥal i wemdan yeshel ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi. 28 Buṭrus yenna-yas : I nukkni yeǧǧan kullec iwakken a neddu yid-ek ? 29 Sidna Ɛisa yenna-yasen : A wen-iniɣ tideț : kra n win yeǧǧan axxam-is, tameṭṭut-is, ayetma- s, imawlan-is neɣ arraw-is ɣef ddemma n tgeldit n Ṛebbi, 30 a s-d-ițunefk di ddunit-agi akteṛ n wayen yeǧǧa yerna ɣer zdat, ad yesɛu tudert n dayem. 31 Sidna Ɛisa ijmeɛ-ed ɣuṛ-es tnac-nni inelmaden-is yenna-yasen : Aql-aɣ a nali ɣer temdint n Lquds, ad idṛu wayen akk i d-uran lenbiya ɣef wayen yeɛnan Mmi-s n bunadem. 32 Ad ițțusellem ger ifassen n lkeffaṛ, ad ḍsen fell-as, ad kksen fell-as sser, a t-ssusfen. 33 A t-wwten s ujelkkaḍ ( s ucelliṭ), a t-enɣen; ass wis tlata a d-iḥyu si ger lmegtin. 34 Inelmaden-is ur fhimen acemma deg wayen i sen-d-yenna, lmeɛna n imeslayen-agi tețwaffer fell-asen. Ur ẓrin ara d acu i gebɣa a t-id-yini. 35 Akken qṛib ad yaweḍ Sidna Ɛisa ɣer temdint n Yiriku, yiwen uderɣal yeqqim rrif n webrid yessutur tin n Ṛebbi. 36 Mi gesla i lɣaci țɛeddayen, yesteqsa d acu i gedṛan; 37 nnan-as belli d Ɛisa Anaṣari i d-iɛeddan. 38 Dɣa iɛeggeḍ yenna : A Ɛisa, a mmi-s n Sidna Dawed, ḥunn fell-i! 39 Wid yezwaren țdemmiren-t ɣer deffir qqaṛen-as : Ssusem a k-ihdu Ṛebbi! Meɛna nețța yețɛeggiḍ akteṛ : A mmi-s n Sidna Dawed, ḥunn fell-i! 40 Sidna Ɛisa yeḥbes, yefka lameṛ a s-t-id-awin. Mi d-yewweḍ ɣuṛ-es, yenna-yas : 41 D acu tebɣiḍ a k-t-xedmeɣ ? Yerra-yas-d : A Sidi, bɣiɣ a yi-d-yuɣal yeẓri! 42 Sidna Ɛisa yenna-yas : Wali! Imi tumneḍ yis-i atan tețțusellkeḍ. 43 Imiren kan yuɣal-it-id yeẓri yețwali, yedda d Sidna Ɛisa, iḥemmed Ṛebbi. Mi walan ayagi, lɣaci meṛṛa ḥemden Ṛebbi.


text:
Taglizit
Taglizit d tutlayt taneṣlit n Inglatirra (lagliz), tettiki sdaxel n tutlayin tijirmaniyin, tewwid amur meqqer n wawalen seg tutlayin tilatiniyin(abeɛda si tefransist).
Tutlayt Taglizit d tutlayt tamezwarut n tussna d tdamsa deg umaḍal. Di tmura n ledzayer d Lmerruk tutlayt a ur ttwasselmad ara ayendin (aṭas) deg iɣerbazen iɣelnawen.
Tutlayt Taglizit ssawalen-tt 400 imelyunen n iwdan di Tamrikt (Tamrikt neɣ Marikan), Lengliz (legliz), Kanada, Ustralya, Zilanda Tamaynut, Irland, Tafrikt Tiffust i yellan yur-nsen d tutlyat tayemmatt (mother tongue), d tmura nniḍen am Sswid d Danmark d Finland itt- yesseqdacen d tutlayt tis-sant labeɛda i tɣuri di llakulat iɣelnawen.


text: Kabyle(i) 1 Ɣef wayen yeɛnan ussan akk d lweqt, fiḥel ma nura-yawen fell-asen. 2 Teẓram s yiman-nwen belli ass-nni, Sidna Ɛisa a d-yuɣal am umakar deg iḍ. 3 M'ara yinin yemdanen : « aql-aɣ di lehna ț-țalwit, » ass-nni ur țfiqen ara alamma yeɣli-d fell-asen nnger, am lewjaɛ m'ara ṭṭfen tameṭṭut yellan s tadist, yernu yiwen ur imenneɛ. 4 Ma d kunwi ay atmaten, ur tellim ara di ṭṭlam iwakken a d-iɣli wass-nni fell-awen am umakar; 5 axaṭer kunwi d arraw n tafat, tețțeddum deg wass; nukni ur nelli ara d arraw n ṭṭlam iteddun deg yiḍ. 6 Ihi ur ilaq ara a neɣfel am wiyaḍ, meɛna ilaq a nɛass iman-nneɣ yerna a nɛiwez. 7 Wid yegganen gganen deg yiḍ, wid iṣekkren țṣekkiren deg yiḍ. 8 Ma d nukni yellan d arraw n tafat, a nɛass ɣef yiman-nneɣ : a nesɛu liman d leḥmala am llebsa n wuzzal ițlusu uɛeskṛi, a nesɛu asirem n leslak, am tcacit n wuzzal ɣef wuqeṛṛuy. 9 Axaṭer Sidi Ṛebbi ur aɣ-ixtaṛ ara iwakken a nețwaɛaqeb, meɛna yebɣa a nesɛu leslak s Ssid-nneɣ Ɛisa Lmasiḥ 10 i gemmuten fell-aɣ, iwakken ama nedder ama nemmut a nili yid-es. 11 S wakka ihi, țemseǧhadet, țemṣebbaṛet wway gar-awen akken i txeddmem yakan. 12 Di leɛnaya-nwen ay atmaten, qadṛet wid iqeddcen gar-awen, axaṭer s yisem n Sidna Ɛisa Lmasiḥ i kkun nehhun, i kkun-sselmaden. 13 Ɛuzzet țen tḥemmlem-ten ɣef ddemma n lxedma-nsen, ɛicet di lehna wway gar-awen. 14 Di leɛnaya-nwen ay atmaten : nhut wid iteddun s yir tikli, ṣebbṛet wid iwumi ɣlin ifadden, refdet wid ifeclen, swesɛet ulawen-nwen ɣuṛ-sen meṛṛa. 15 Ḥadret iman-nwen ur țțarat ara țțaṛ, qellbet ɣef wayen yelhan ama gar-awen ama ɣer imdanen meṛṛa. 16 Ilit dayem di lfeṛḥ, 17 yal ass deɛɛut ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi, 18 ḥemmdet-eț ɣef kullec. D ayagi i gețṛaǧu Sidi Ṛebbi deg-wen, di tikli-nwen akk-d Ɛisa Lmasiḥ. 19 Ur snusut ara tafat n Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen; 20 ur ḥeqqṛet ara ayen i d-ițweḥḥi Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen i yemdanen. 21 Meɛna meyzet, qeblet ayen yelhan, 22 ḥadret iman-nwen ɣef wayen n diri. 23 Sidi Ṛebbi bab n talwit, ad iṣeffi ṛṛuḥ-nwen, lǧețțat nwen ț-țeṛwiḥin-nwen, iwakken aț țeqqimem d izedganen i wass i deg ara d-yuɣal Ssid-nneɣ Ɛisa Lmasiḥ. 24 Win i kkun-ixtaṛen, deg-s laman, d nețța ara kkun-iṣṣiwden ɣer wannect agi. 25 Ay atmaten, deɛɛut ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi fell-aneɣ. 26 Sṣiwḍet sslam-iw i watmaten meṛṛa. 27 Di leɛnaya-nwen, s yisem n Ssid-nneɣ, sseɣṛet tabṛaț-agi i watmaten meṛṛa. 28 Ṛṛeḥma n Ssid-nneɣ a d-ters fell-awen.


text:
Kurya
Tezgad tmurt n Kurya g unzul umalu n umenẓaw n Asya, tarakalt-is tecba tigzirt (tapeninsult takuryit) llant sin tikuryatin, Kurya n Wenẓul tamannaɣt-is Seyul, d Kurya n Ugafa tamannaɣt-is Pyungyang, s deffir imenɣi asemmaḍ tebda leqdic i wakken adaḥyu s gar ayen idyugran i wanact-a qqaren-as, "Kurya ta Dinamikit"
Tutlayt[beddel]
Tutlayt n tmurt n Kurya takuryit ttmeslayen syis azal 70 imelyan n ikuryen, neɣ ugar, i zedɣen g tapeninsult takuryit akk° d igzirin i d-yezgan zdat-is, d azal 5 imelyan g yal ddunit, llant tintalyin nniḍen maca marra i kuryen tmisfhamen gar-asen axaṭar temkacbin gar-asen. takuryit, tejjad bac tinekkit-nsen atyli tiferdist
Agemmay[beddel]
Agemmay n tutlayt takuryit isem-is Hangul neɣ Hangeul isulf-it-id g 1446 agellid jong ameqqran


text:
BYiY timeYri-yagi s %%
Ih
Xaṭi
Γer di Internet neɣ zdem-ed tisɣunin tineggura n Lbeṛǧ n Tɛessast akk-d Aki-d! neɣ tiktabin nniḍen.
Ahil n wegraw n yiwen wass 2014
Ahil n wegraw n tYalayt 2014
Teţwaeerḍeḍ Yer Wesmekti n lmut n Eisa n 2014
Lemḥayen ad kfunt yiwen wass?
D acu ara d-issisen sseɛd i twacult?
Amek i teţwaliḍ tudert ɣer zdat?
D acu i teţxemmimeḍ ɣef Wedlis Iqedsen?
Tiddukla meṛṛa n watmaten
Inagan n Yahwa ţberriḥen lexbaṛ n lxiṛ di ddunit meṛṛa
Certaines des mises à jour faites dans les publications numériques n’apparaissent peut-être pas encore dans les éditions imprimées.
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text:
ImezdaY n uɣaram GMS, belɛen sen-iḍelli n lḥed 6/01/2013 abrid aYelnaw wis-26 i tikelt nniḍen di tama i wumi sawalen “ Letnayen Taqdimt ” di tama n Genduza.
S tigawt -agi rran ad d-seknen lYiḍ-nsen mgal imḍebren n dayra akked wid terza temsalt acku ur ṭṭifen ara deg wawal-nnsen. acekti yella-d i wakken ad asen-d-afen tamezduYin. Imi imezdaY-agi ttidiren di yir ḥala s sebba n tmezduYin tiqburin yeḍruran ugar.
D aya i yeǧǧan imezdaY-agi i wakken ad reglen abrid aYelnaw wis26, akken ad sɛeddin izen-nsen wa asen-d-afen tifrat i wugguren-nnsen.


text:
Isṭuni
(Eesti Vabariik s tutlayt tistunit), d yiwet n tmurt n umenẓaw Urub. Tezgad si tama usamar n ill n Baltik, ddaw n tmurt n Finlund, ttama n Gulf n Finlund, ar ugafa n tmurt n Lituni, ar umalu n tmurt n Russ.
Tamurt n Isṭuni, d tmura n Lituni d Litwani, ttusemant timura n baltik.
Isṭuni tetteka di tidukla n Urup seg umezwaru n mayu 2004, u tesekcem aṣurdi n Euro seg umenzu Yennayer 2008. Tekcem ar Temsisa Taṭlasit (OTAN) ass 29 meɣres 2004.
Agbur
Tasertit n tutlayin di Isṭunya : d leqdic iteddun ɣer sdat[beddel]
Aqeddem[beddel]
Amagrad ay d awen-d-newwi ass-a d win ay d-yettmeslayen ɣef tutlayt tisṭunit, d tutlayt taɣelnawt n tmurt n Isṭunya. Tamurt-a ay d-yuzgan di Tuṛuft n Ugafa (Europe du Nord), teqreb ɣer Rusya yernu tella d yiwet si tegdudyin tiqburin n Tdukli Tasuvyatit (Union soviétique), am Litwanya akk d Kirgizistan i ɣef ay d-newwi awal yagi. Iṣtunya d yiwet si tmura tibaltiyin, meḥsub d tamurt ay d-yuzgan ɣef yilel Abalti (mer baltique), yernu am nettat, am Litwanya akk d Litṭunya, tekcem-itent Tdukli Tasivyatit di 1940, u terra-tent tamara d aḥric si tmurt-agi tameqqrant, alammi d 1991, asmi ay tewwi Isṭunya azarug-is (indépendance). Di tallit-nni n lbaṭel ɣezzifen ay tesɛedda Isṭunya, tuɣal tisṭunit, tutlayt n yimawlan n tmurt, d tutlayt ur nesɛi azal sdat n tutlayt tarusit ay d-tḥettem fell-asen Musku. Yuɣ lḥal, Irusiyen, xas ulamma "ttqadaren" igduden yellan ttidiren di Tdukli Tasuvyatit, llan ttwalin iman-nsen d nitni ay ten-yifen merṛa, d idles-nsen ay yernan win n tdersiyin nniḍen (minorités) yernu d tutlayt-nsen ay ilaqen ad tt-lemden akk yegduden isuvyatiyen nniḍen. S wanect-a, Irusiyen yettidiren di Isṭunya werǧin walan iman-nsen terra-ten tmara ad lemden tutlayt tisṭunit, wanag ttwalin d akken d imawlan n tmurt ay d-tewwi ad lemden tutlayt-nsen. Yuɣal bab n yiger d akli. D acu kan, ddunit ttetti, tettemtetti, idewweṛ-d zzman i deg d as-d-yuɣal uzarug-is i Isṭunya, yernu yuɣal-as-d wemkan-is i tutlayt tisṭunit. Ass-a, mi akka ay d-teffeɣ Isṭunya seg ujeɣlal-nni i deg tella zik-nni, tezzi udem-is ɣer Tuṛuft tutrimt (taɣerbit) akken ad tesnerni tadamsa-yines, dɣa anect-a yedǧa-tt ad tesnerni ula d tutlayt-is, tutlayt tisṭunit i yes tteddu tmurt, akken ad tqabel Isṭunya tallit n wass-a. D anect-a ay ibeddlen zzman ɣef Yirusiyen yettidiren di Isṭunya. Assemɣer ay ssemɣaren iman-nsen ɣef tisṭunit tura yexsi, tarusit-nni-nsen ay llan ttwalin-tt tif tisṭunit tuɣal ur teswi ara di tegduda-yagi tamaynut, dɣa tewwi-d fell-asen ass-a, ma bɣan ad ttekkin ula d nitni di tmurt-a, ur ten-yettara ara zzman di rrif, tewwi-d fell-asen ad lemden tisṭunit, d tin kan ara d asen-yessifessen tudert di tmurt-a n yimawlan-is. D acu kan, akken diɣ ad tettwaqbel Isṭunya di terbaɛt-agi n tmura n Tuṛuft wukud tebɣa ad tettekki, tewwi-d fell-as ula d nettat ad tqader izerfan n wemdan d yizerfan n tutlayin ay ttmeslayen di tmurt-is, dɣa amagrad-agi ad aɣ-yedǧ ad nẓer amek ay tqeddec Isṭunya akken ad as-d-terr azal-is i tutlayt taɣelnawt n tmurt, d wamek ara tqeddec diɣ akken ad teɛdel ger n tutlayin nniḍen merṛa ay ttmeslayen di tmurt-a. Afud igerrzen.
Tagnit[beddel]
Ger n yiseggasen n 1940 d 1991, d Tadukli Tasuvyatit ay yetṭfen Isṭunya, ala kan ger n yiseggasen 1941 d 1944, asmi ay d-kecmen Yinaziyen n Lalman ɣer tmurt-a. D acu kan, asmi ay tebda thezzel (affaiblir) Tdukli Tasuvyatit, yebda leḥkem yettbeddil afus di tmura ay teḥkem tneggarut-agi, yernu tisertiyin tisuvyatiyin n peristroika* akk d glasnost* snernant ifadden i yegduden isuvyatiyen akken ad ssutren ugar n tlelli. Dɣa yessaweḍ wanect-a ɣer ɣellu n Tdukli Tasuvyatit di 1991 yernu yuɣal-as-d uzarug-is (indépedance) i Isṭunya i deg ay beddlent tzemmar iḥekmen tamurt.
[*Perestroika : D tasertit ay d-yessebded uselway asuvyati, Mixail Gorbatcev, akken ad yeg tisemmeskal (réformes) i udabu asuvyati, i tdamsa n tmurt akken ad nnernint, yernu diɣ i lmend n ubeddel n wamek ttxemmimen Yisuvyatiyen akken ad zemren ad snernin tamurt-nsen.
Glasnost : d tasertit n tallit n perestroika ay d-yessebded diɣ Gorbatcev akken ad yerr yis-s kra n wayen xeddmen yemḍebbren isuvyatiyen d afrawan (transparent), yezmer ad t-iẓer wegdud.].
Yuɣ lḥal, abeddel ameqqran am wa [ay d-yeɣlin deg yiwet kan n teswiɛt], yella yewɛeṛ ɣef Isṭunya ad taɣ yid-s tanumi. Dɣa abeddel-agi yemxallaf wamek ay iḥuza imezdaɣen n Isṭunya akken mxallafent tmiwa (tamaneɣt n tmurt Talinn akk d Ugafa agmuḍan -nord-est n tmurt) d wakken mxallafen diɣ yinurar n leqdic di tmurt (ɣef umedya : tibankiwin -banques- ma nquren-itent ɣer leqdic deg yemɣizen -mines), yernu yemxallaf diɣ wamek ay iḥuza ubeddel-agi igduden yemxallafen yettidiren di Isṭunta, am Yisṭuniyen akk d Yirusiyen. Di ɛecṛa n yiseggasen-agi ineggura, tisnaddanin (statistiques) n yimezdaɣen n Isṭunya beddlent aṭas u yennerna citṭ wanect ay yellan n Yisṭuniyen di tmurt-nsen [ugar n wanect ay nnernan yegduden nniḍen yettidiren di Isṭunya]. D acu kan, addun (recensement) n useggas n 2000 yesskan-d d akken igduden merṛa n Isṭunya neqsen ɣef wakken llan zik-nni. Dɣa mbeɛd tella Isṭunya tesɛa 1.565.000 n yimezdaɣen, tuɣal deg useggas n 2000 tesɛɛa kan 1.361.000 n yimezdaɣen, yernu wid ur nelli ara d Isṭuniyen di tmurt-a neqsen-d ɣer 459.000 n yemdanen (32,1 % seg yimezdaɣen n tmurt). Ma d Irusiyen n Isṭunya neqsen s 25 %. Tuɣ, ayen akk yessawḍen s anect-a, netta d addukel n ssebbat yemxallafen, gar-asent tuffɣa n waṭas n yimezdaɣen ɣer lberṛani, anqas ay neqsen wid ay d-yettlalen akk d unnerni d wanqas n yegduden yemxallafen yettidiren di tmurt-a.
D acu kan, ayen igan amgerrad-agi (lxilaf) ger yegduden yettidiren di tmurt-a d tutlayt tayemmat, maci d ayen nniḍen, imi tutlayt d nettat ay yettaken azal i wemdan di Isṭinya n wass-a. Dɣa d tutlayt ay d-yellan d abrid i seg ay d-tewwi ɣef wemdan ad iɛeddi akken ad yaweḍ ɣer rrbeḥ u ad yesɛu azal di tmetti, yernu d tin ay yettaldin tiwwura i wemdan akken ad yili d win ara yafen iman-is ama seg yidis n uxeddim, ama seg yidis n tedrimt. Di tallit tasuvyatit, yeqdec udabu akken ad yerr tarusit d nettat kan ay d tutlayt i yes tlehḥu tmurt, dɣa ass-a, mi akka ay tewwi Isṭunya azarug-is, anect-a yexleq-d uguren i wid yessnen kan tutlayt tarusit. Nnig waya, yeḍfer diɣ udabu arusi yiwet n tsertit n usselmed ay yesseqdec kan di Isṭunya, d tin n usseqdec n trusit akk d tisṭunit d tutlayin n usselmed, d acu kan, yal yiwet deg-sen qqaren-tt kan deg yiɣerbazen-is, dɣa d anect-nni diɣ ay yessawḍen ad d-yexleq snat n trebbaɛ yeɣran, d acu kan, ur zmirent ara ad msefhament wagar-asent imi ur ttmeslayent yiwet n tutlayt, ur sɛint yiwen n yedles. Dɣa d anect-nni ay yessawḍen ad tuɣal tmetti tisṭunit akken tella ass-a am wakken ay d-llant diɣ waṭas n ssebbat nniḍen ay yesmeɣren amgerrad ger n snat-agi n trebbaɛ :
Timiwa i deg tettidir yal tarbaɛt : Wid yettmeslayen tarusit, tudet deg-sen d arraw n wid ay d-yunagen ɣer Isṭunya si tmiwa nniḍen n Tdukli Tasuvyatit yernu amur meqqren deg-sen di temdinin ay ttidiren neɣ di tmiwa n Ugafa agmuḍan (nord-est) n Isṭunya. Aṭas seg-sen ay yettidiren di Tallinn [tamaneɣt n tmurt] akk d tmiwa ay d-yezzin fell-as (Harjumaa), u llant tirebbaɛ nniḍen timecṭaḥ seg wid yettmeslayen tarusit, ttidiren di tmiwa nniḍen, d acu kan, 90% seg-sen di temdinin ay zedɣen yernu anect-a yennerna seg wasmi ay ffɣen yiserdasen Isuvyatiyen (sakin Irusiyen) si Isṭunya.
Inurar n leqdic i deg txeddem yal tarbaɛt : di tallit n perestroika, Irusiyen n Isṭunya llan qeddcen di tkebbaniyin yettaɣen, znuzuyent, llan ssekcamen-d u ssuffuɣen sselɛa si Isṭunya, am wakken ay llan qeddcen di tkebbaniyin tisuvyatiyin tiqburin ay yuɣalen ur a d-ssekcament ara aṭas imir-n. Nnig waya, llan Yirusiyen-agi diɣ mazal-iten tteklen ɣef leɛnaya n unabaḍ (gouvernement) n Musku, xas ulamma aneggaru-ya ur d-iqqim wara wayen ay yella yezmer ad asen-t-yeg akken ad ten-iɛiwen asmi tebda tettbeddil tegnit yernu tella tteddu Tdukli Tasuvyatit akken ad teɣli. Anect-a yessehzel (affaiblir) mliḥ tanezzawt-nsen (commerce) akk d Rusya, yernu ayen akken d-xeddmen teɣli yis-s ula di Isṭunya, ur yezmir ad yenz am zik di tmurt-a i ɣer d-tekcem tdamsa tamaynut, d anect-nni ay tessawḍen Irusiyen n Isṭunya ad uɣalen di rrif seg yidis n tdamsa u ad ttwaɛezlen di tmurt-a. Nnig waya, yiwet si ssebbat meqqren ay yessawḍen diɣ Irusiyen ad ɣlin di Isṭunya nettat d lqella n tmusni n tutlayt tisṭunit ɣur-sen, dɣa d anect-nni ay sen-ireglen abrid akken ad znuzuyen u ad ttaɣen akk d Yisṭuniyen, am wakken diɣ lqella n tmusni-nsen di tutlayin tiberṛaniyin tkemmel-asen, imi anect-a yerra-ten ur zmiren ad sseftin (investir) idrimen di lberṛani, ur tezmir ad ten-id-tṣaḥ tallalt taberṛanit. Dɣa yuɣal win yebɣan ad t-id-iṣaḥ leqdic, tewwi-d fell-as ad yissin mliḥ tutlayin nniḍen menɣir tarusit.
Tasertit n tutlayin[beddel]
Tasertit n tutlayin ay d-tewwi Isṭunya di ɛecṛa n yiseggasen-agi ineggura nezmer ad tt-nebḍu ɣef tlata n talliyin, ɣef leḥsab n wemxallef ay mxallafen yeswiyen (buts) imeqqranen n Isṭunya di yal tallit. Tallit tamenzut tebda-d di tgara n yiseggasen n 1980 akk d tezwara n yiseggasen n 1990, asmi ay d-xelqent tsertiyin n glasnost akk d perestroika tagnit i deg ara d as-d-yuɣal uzarug-is i Isṭunya di 1991. Tallit tis snat tebda-d asmi ay yefren wegdud isṭuni tamenḍawt (constition) tamaynut n tmurt-is di 1992, dɣa ayen ay d-yeddan di tmenḍawt-a (lebni n tmurt, aḥraz n yizerfan n wemdan, atg.) d ayen ay d-icerḍen ɣef Isṭunya ad d-tessebded tasertit n tutlayin d tamaynut yernu telha. Yuɣ lḥal, simmal yettaǧhad uzarug (souverainenté) n Isṭunya, simmal tqeddec deg yinurar n tugdut, n tdamsa, n tedrimt akk d laman akken ad tekcem ɣer terbaɛt n tmura tutrimin (tiɣerbiyin) u ad taf iman-is gar-asent. Di tgara n yiseggasen n 1990, d anect-a dɣa ay yuɣalen d iswi ameqqran n Isṭunya ay yedǧan timsal nniḍen n tmetti ur nesɛi ara azal meqqren, yernu abeddel-agi meqqren di tɣawsiwin n tmurt d ayen ara d aɣ-yedǧen ad d-nini d akken yeldi-yas tawwurt i yiwet n tallit d tamaynut di tsertit n tutlayin n Isṭunya, d tin ay d tallit tis tlata.
Tinwit (amendement) n tmenḍawt ay yerran tutlayt tisṭunit d tutlayt taɣelnawt di Isṭunya d tin ay d-sbedden deg wass n 6 Dujembeṛ 1988, di tallit i deg mazal Isṭunya d tigdida di Tdukli Tasuvyatit. Ma deg wass n 18 Yennayer 1989, tlata n yiseggasen uqbel ma tewwi azarug-is, yessebded-d usuvyat ameqqran n Isṭunya yiwen n usaḍuf (lqanun) amaynut ɣef tutlayin, d asaḍuf ay d-yellan kan si leɛḍil, akken ad tesɛeddi yis-s Isṭunya tallit n ubeddel. Xas ulamma di tallit-nni n unnefsusi wid yebɣan ad tawi tmurt-nsen azarug fuṛsen tagnit rran tisṭunit d nettat ay d tutlayt tamenṣabt tawḥidt di Isṭunya, iswi n wanect-a di tidet netta d asnerni n wazal n tutlayt tisṭunit akken ad tuɣal am nettat am trusit di tegduda-yagi yellan tettidir ussan-is ineggura di Tdukli Tasuvyatit. Dɣa yecreḍ-d usaḍuf-nni amaynut d akken kra n yiqeddacen iqeddcen di kra n yinurar tewwi-d fell-asen ad issinen mliḥ ama d tisṭunit, ama d tarusit, u ma yessen yiwen 800 kan n wawalen, anect-a yezmer ad t-iqam akken ad tt-isellek. Yuɣ lḥal, mi iga unabaḍ isṭuni aya, yella yessaram ad yefru ugur-nni i deg tarbaɛt yeɣran s tisṭunit ur tezmir ara ad temsefham d tin yeɣran s trusit yernu akken ad yessiweḍ leqdic-agi s iswi-yines, yefka unabaḍ (gouvernement) isṭuni ṛebɛa n yiseggasen i yiman-is i deg yessefra ad yesselḥu tamurt am wakka, s snat n tutlayin alamma d 1 Fuṛar 1993, d acu kan, ikemmel iqeddec unabaḍ s usaḍuf-agi alammi d 1995, asmi ay yefren asaḍuf amaynut n tutlayin. Imi di tallit-agi tamenzut, ayen iceɣben Isṭuniyen netta d aẓayer (staut) n tisṭunit di tmurt-is sdat n tutlayt tarusit ay iǧehden, timsal yeqqnen s asnerni n tutlayt tisṭunit akk d usselmed-ines llan twalin-tent imir-n ur sɛint azal meqqren. Asadu'f n 1989 yesseǧhed-as amkan-is i tisṭunit ay yettusemman d tutlayt tamenṣabt n ddewla, nnig waya, rnan Yisṭuniyen gan-d isuḍaf imecṭaḥ nniḍen s idis n usaḍuf-a ameqqran akken ad rnun ad ḥerzen amkan n tutlayt-nsen u ad tt-rren d nettat ay d tutlayt yernan akk tutlayin nniḍen n Isṭunya, ladɣa tarusit. Asaḍuf n 1989 yedǧa diɣ ad d-nnulfun ttawilat n teɣwalt (communications) yesseqdacen tisṭunit, akken ad yedǧ Isṭuniyen ad ttemselɣun (communiquer) s tutlayt-nsen.
D acu kan, asaḍuf-agi yefka-yas izerfan-is diɣ i yal aterras (individu) di tmurt, ladɣa i wid ur nettmeslay ara tisṭunit, dɣa uɣalen wigi ttalasen ur sseqdacen ara tisṭunit akk d ddewla yernu zemren ad d-xedmen lekwaɣeḍ-nsen s trusit. Amagrad wis 3 n usaḍuf-agi yeqqar-d d akken (t)aterras(t) ur nettmeslay ara tisṭunit yettalas/tettalas ad yesselḥu/tesselḥu lumuṛ-is s trusit di tsuda (institutions) n ddewla akk d unabaḍ, akk d tsuda, tikebbaniyin d tuddsiwin (organisations) n Tegduda Tanemlayt Tasuvyatit n Isṭunya. Asaḍuf-agi yedǧa diɣ ula d asselmed s tutlayt tarusit ad ikemmel, dɣa nezmer ad d-nini d akken asaḍuf-a yeḥrez tarusit u yefka-yas tamkant i yiman-is di tmurt n Isṭunya, d acu kan, yesselha diɣ s waṭas amkan n tutlayt tisṭunit.
Yella-d diɣ di tallit-nni usaḍuf i lmend n weḥraz n tdersiyin (minorités) nniḍen, dɣa d anect-nni ara tent-yedǧen ad sɛunt iɣerbazen s tutlayinnsent. Asadu'f-agi yedǧa diɣ ad d-ilin wahilen (programmes) n rṛadyu d tilibizyu s tutlayin n tdersiyin timecṭaḥ n Isṭunya u ad d-ilint ula d tisuda akk d trebbaɛ tidelsanin ara iqedcen i lmend n weḥraz n yedles n yegduden-agi. Asadu'f-agi d win ay d-yewwin abaɣur (lfayda) meqqren i yegduden nniḍen imecṭaḥ nniḍen n Isṭunya, menɣir Irusiyen, imi igduden-a werǧin sɛin izerfan idelsanen di tallit tasuvyatit. Asaḍuf-agi ihi yedǧa tidersiyin timecṭaḥ (ad ɛiwdent) ad ldint iɣerbazen akk d tdusa-nsent, yernu i tikkelt tamenzut deg umezruy, yesteɛṛef unabaḍ isṭuni s tdersiyin timecṭaḥ nniḍen akken ay yesteɛṛef s Yirusiyen, dɣa yeɛdel ger n yegduden merṛa yettidiren di tmurt-is yernu yefka-yasen llsas ibedden ɣef usaḍuf (lqanun) akken ad snernin iman-nsen (ɣef umedya uɣalen merṛa ttalasen ad sseɣren igerdan-nsen s tutlayin-nsen).
Uɣalen ihi Yirusiyen ttalasen kan ad sqedcen tutlayt-nsen deg wayen ḥwaǧen, am nitni am yegduden nniḍen di Isṭunya, yernu anect-a yekkes seg wallaɣen n medden tikta-nni n tesnakta (idéologie) ay yettwalin d akken d tarusit ay ilaqen ad tili d tutlayt i yes ara ttemsefhamen yegduden wagar-asen neɣ diɣ, takti-nni ay yettwalin d akken tidersiyin nniḍen tewwi-d ad ttmeslayent dǧent akk tutlayin-nsent akken ad ttmeslayent tarusit, d tikta i yes yella iqeddec zik unabaḍ asuvyati. D acu kan, xas tenqes tezmert n trusit di Isṭunya, mazal sɛan Yirusiyen di tmurt-a izerfan i yes ifen tidersiyin nniḍen di tmurt-a. Yuɣ lḥal, lemmer ad nuɣal ɣer tidet, asaḍuf n tutlayin n 1989 ur d-igli ara s ubeddel ameqqran di tegnit i deg llant tutlayin uqbel n yimir-n, wanag yedǧa tagnit akken tella u yeḍmen-asen kan i yegduden n tmurt ad lemmden tutlayin-nsen deg uɣerbaz, am wakken ara tesɛu tisṭunit aẓayer ɛlayen ɣer Yisṭuniyen u ad tesɛu trusit aẓayer ɛlayen ɣer Yirusiyen. Asadu'f n tutlayin n 1989 yefka-yas i tisṭunit aẓayer n tutlayt taɣelnawt, d tutlayt n ddewla akk d tedbelt (administration) yernu d tin i yes ara yettmeslay weḥric meqqren di tmetti, xas ulamma nettat deg wennar, yerra-tt umezruy d tutlayt tameddarsut (minoritaires) di tmurt-is, imi di tilawt (en réalité). Dɣa xas tuɣal tisṭunit d tutlayt taɣelnawt, maci d nettat ay d tutlayt ay izerɛen mliḥ di tmurt, maci d nettat ay fehhmen akk medden : di lweqt i deg amur meqqren seg yimezdaɣen n Isṭunya zemren ad tt-sellken s trusit, ala kan amur amecṭuḥ seg yimezdaɣen n Isṭunya ur nelli ara d Isṭuniyen ay yessnen tisṭunit akken ilaq.
Dɣa assebded n usaḍuf-agi yeldi-d tiwwura akken ad beddlent tzemmar n tmurt ifassen, u ad d-yeglu wanect-a s tlalit n tedɣert (élite) tamaynut di Isṭunya. Nnig waya, imi ulac aṭas n tɣawsiwin ay ibeddlen ɣef wid yettmeslayen tarusit di tmurt-a (imi tamusni n tisṭunit tettwacreḍ-d kan seg weḥric amecṭuḥ seg-sen), tkemmel lqella n wemsefham ger n Yisṭuniyen akk d Yirusiyen, yernu anect-a yegla-d s wuguren nniḍen ay yeldin tiwwura i tmura tiberṛaniyin akken ad d-grent iman-nsent di tɣawsiwin n tidaxliyin n Isṭunya. Imi ahilen (programmes) n unabaḍ n yimir-n ssulin kan leḥsabat-nsen ɣer lqerb di lweqt i deg dǧan timsal i ɣef ilaq ad ssalin leḥsabat ɣer lbeɛd, am usselmed akk d unekcum n tmurt di trebbaɛ tigraɣlanin, tḥulfa Isṭunya d akken tewwi-d fell-as, di tegnit-agi n wuguren ay d-ilulen, ad teg aḥurif nniḍen yifen amenzu-nni akken ad tesselhu tagnit n tutlayin di Isṭunya.
Akken ad tessiweḍ Isṭunya s iswiyen-yines deg wayen yerzan asaḍuf-nni n tutlayin, tessebded-d acḥal n tsuda di tedbelt (administration). Akken ad d-yelhu unabaḍ d usselmed n tisṭunit i Yirusiyen imeqqranen yettidiren di Isṭunya, yessebded-d, s yiwen n usaḍuf deg wass n 13 Meɣres 1989, yiwen n useqqamu d uslig (spécial) umi isemma Ammas n Tutlayt Tisṭunit. Ma deg wass n 31 Meɣres 1989, terna tessebded-d Isṭunya Aseqqamu n Weḥraz n Tutlayt. Asmi ay d-yelfa d akken aseqqamu-ya ur d-yewwi ara abaɣur (lfayda) deg wayen yerzan asnas (application) n usaḍuf-nni n tutlayin, yessebded-d unabaḍ deg wass n 23 Nwembeṛ 1990, Aseqqamu n Tutlayt Taɣelnawt, i lmend n waya. Yuɣal Useqqamu-yagi d udus (organisme) ameqqran akk di tmurt ay d-yelhan d tɣawsiwin n tutlayt di Isṭunya, dɣa yelha-d s umata d temsal n usseqdec n tutlayt tisṭunit di Isṭunya akk d usselmed-ines s yisem-is d tutlayt tayemmat neɣ d tutlayt tis snat i yimezdaɣen n Isṭunya, am wakken diɣ ay yettɛawan Useqqamu n Tutlayt Taɣelnawt tutlayin timeddursa nniḍen u yelha-d d wasnas n yisuḍaf ay tent-yerzan. Iswiyen imeqqranen n Useqqamu-yagi nitni d assebded n tsertiyin n tutlayt akk d yiɣawasen (plans) i lmend n wesnerni n tutlayt, u yekcem deg waya weḍfar n wesnas n Usaḍuf n Tutlayin, asselhu n tarrayin (méthodes) n usselmed, aḍfar leqdicat yeqqnen ɣer tmawalt (léxique) d yismawen usligen (noms propres) akk d yeḍfar n leqdicat yeqqnen ɣer tesnilsit tamettit (sociolinguiste). D acu kan, di 1997, yuɣal Useqqamu-yagi d udus kan yettqaraɛen ma yella iteddu mliḥ leqdic ɣef tutlayt neɣ ala.
Di Yulyu n 1993, yessebded-d uselway n Isṭunya Lennart Meri ayen umi isemma Tadabut Timdewweṛt n Uselway (Table Ronde Présidentielle), d agraw ameɣlal (permanent) i deg ay d-ttemlilin yigensasen (représentants) n tdersiyin n tmurt d wid ur nesɛi ara taɣlent (nationalité) tisṭunit akk d yimaslaḍen n wemni (membres du parlement) n Isṭunya i lmend n wembaddel n leṛyuy akk d ussenqes n teɛdawt ger n trebbaɛ tisertiyin yemxallafen n yegduden yettidiren di tmurt-a.
Tiɣawsiwin yelhan akk d tid n d iri i yes d-yegla usaḍuf n tutlayin amezwaru d tid ay yuɣalen ttwaḍfarent s lqerb. Asmi ay walan Yisṭuniyen d akken tallit n uɛeddi si tegnit ɣer tayeḍ deg wayen yerzan tutlayin tfuk, yernu assebded n tmenḍawt tisṭunit tamaynut di 1992 yecreḍ-d ad tbeddel tegnit n tutlayin di Isṭunya, ɛezmen ihi Yisṭuniyen ad d-sbedden asaḍuf n tutlayin amaynut ara d-yemyezgen d tallit-agi ay d-ikecmen. I lmend n waya, ɛawden ssulin Yisṭuniyen leḥsabat-nsen deg wayen yerzan amek ara ssemyezwaren iswiyen-nsen deg wayen yerzan tasertit-nsen n tutlayin, dɣa imi iswi n Isṭunya n yimir-n netta d lebni n tmurt i uzekka, fernen yemḍebbren ad as-fken i tmurt yiwet kan n tutlayt ara icerken akk imezdaɣen-is, d tin i yes ara tebnu tmurt, dɣa rran tisṭunit d tutlayt tamenzut i wid yettmeslayen tisṭunit yernu d tutlauyt tis snat i wid ur tt-nettmeslay ara. Imi ay tuɣal tisṭunit d tutlayt n ddewla akk d tin n Yisṭuniyen ay d-yekkren yis-s, tewwi-d ad sqeɛden tutlayt-a, ad as-gen ilugan yernu ad tt-rren d tutlayt tizeɣt (standard) akken ad tezmer ad tuɣal d tutlayt i yes ara tlehḥu ddewla. Nnig waya, tewwi-d diɣ ɣef ddewla ad tqabel yiwet n tegnit iṣeɛben i deg ay tebɣa ad tesnerni tutlayt tisṭunit akken ad tt-terr d tutlayt ara fehhmen akk yimezdaɣen n tmurt, ula d wid ur tt-nettmeslay ara (ladɣa Irusiyen), dɣa tewwi-d ad txemmem Isṭunya ɣef wamek ara d asen-tesselmed tutlayt tisṭunit i yineggura-ya, ladɣa imi ay izemren ad ḥulfun d akken almad n tutlayt tisṭunit s yisem-is d tutlayt-nsen tis snat, d taɛkemt kan ara d asen-d-yernu.
Annar wis sin yesɛan azal meqqren i ɣef d-tewwi ad xemmem i usebded n usaḍuf amaynut n tutlayin netta d win n yeqqnen ɣer tsertit n usselmed n tutlayin tiberṛaniyin, ladɣa deg wayen yerzan almad-nsent akk d usseqdec-nsent di kra n yinurar n leqdic (takkast -douane-, iqeddicen yeqqnen ɣer tmerrayt -tourisme-, atg.). Dɣa ma mazal Isṭunya ur teẓwir ara deg yinurar-agi, ur tettazmar ara ad tekcem u ad taf iman-is di trebbaɛ tigraɣlanin n laman (am Temsisa Taṭlasit -OTAN) neɣ tirebbaɛ tudmisin (économiques) am Tdukli Tuṛufit (Union Européenne), dɣa ilaq ɣef tmurt-a ad teẓwer akken ad d-tessewjed iman-is akken ilaq deg yinurar n tmerrayt akk d tnezzawt (commerce) tagraɣlant.
Ma d annar wis tlata, d win yeqqnen s assebded n weḥkim (contrôle, régulation) deg wayen yerzan assaɣen (ralations) n tezmert yellan ger n tutlayin timeddursa akk d usselmed-nsent. Dɣa llan sin n leqdicat ay ilaqen ad ttwaxedmen deg wennar-agi : tukksa n unagraw (système) ay d-yettwaweṛten si tallit tasuvyatit, win i deg ala kan d tarusit ay yettusexdamen i lmend n usselḥu n tmurt yernu igduden nniḍen tewwi-d fell-asen ad dǧen akk tutlayin-nsen akken ad ddmen tarusit, ladɣa imi anagraw-agi yuɣal ass-a d ssebba i unulfu n yemgerraden (conflits) ger n trebbaɛ [ɣef umedya, wid yessnen ala kan tarusit, atni ass-a ttwaɛezlen, yernu beɛden ɣef wakk inurar imaynuten n leqdic di Isṭunya], am wakken ay ilaq ad d-yexleq unabaḍ tagnit i deg tidersiyin timecṭaḥ nniḍen, meḥsub wid ur nelli d Iṣtuniyen wala d Irusiyen, ad zemrent ula d nitenti ad ḥerzent tutlayin akk d yidelsan-nsent. Dɣa deg wayen yerzan anect-a, acḥal d abrid ay tɛawen ddewla tirebbaɛ-agi s yedrimen akken ad gen aṭas n yiqeddicen idelsanen neɣ ɣef tutlayin-nsen. D acu kan, tamsalt-nni tamenzut ay d-nebder, tin yerzan Irusiyen akk d leqdic n unabaḍ akken ad asen-yessiɣ tanumi d tegnit-agi tamaynut d ayen yeḥwaǧen tazmert tasertit tameqqrant akk d tallalt (lemɛawna) taberṛanit.
Ihi ɣef llsas n yeswiyen-agi akk ay d-yessebded unabaḍ isṭuni tasertit-is tamaynut n tutlayin i deg llan wugar n 70 n yisuḍaf, ama d wid ay d-yeddan di tmenḍawt neɣ d isuḍaf akk d warraten (actes) nniḍen imecṭaḥ ay d-iḍefren sakin. Yuɣ lḥal, llsas ameqqran n yisuḍaf n Isṭunya netta d tamenḍawt (constitution) yernu taneggarut-agi tettwafren deg wass n 28 Yunyu 1992 u tebda tqeddec tmurt yis-s deg wass n 3 Yulyu 1992. Tamenḍawt-a tesdukel ama d ansay (tradition) n yisuḍaf isṭuniyen n wasmi ay tewwi Isṭunya azarug-is (indépendance) amenzu [ger n 1920 d 1940], ama d isuḍaf ay d-tewwi ad ten-id-ternu tmurt ɣef idra n ubeddel n tegnit tagraɣlant. Tamenḍawt-agi teqqar-d d akken Isṭunya d Awanek-aɣlan (Etat-nation) yernu d Awanek (ddewla) yedduklen seg yidis n tsertit (Amagrad 2), akka i wakken ur ttazmaren ara yegduden n tmurt-agi ad d-gen timiwa tifulmanin (autonomes) i yiman-nsen. Dɣa ayen tessefra ad t-teg Isṭunya i lmend n lebni n tmurt s tsertit-agi-yines tamaynut n tutlayin, meḥsub assebded n tutlayt ara icerken akk imezdaɣen n tmurt akk d wethelli di tutlayin timeddursa nniḍen d ayen diɣ ay d-tebder ula d tamenḍawt n tmurt, yernu nezmer ad ten-id-nessegzel am wakka :
- Tutlayt ara yeduklen imezdaɣen n Isṭunya deg wakal akk n tmurt nettat d tutlayt tisṭunit.
- Tidersiyin ttalasent ad issinent snat n tutlayin, tisṭunit -tutlayt taɣelnawt- akk d tutlayin-nsent timeddursa.
Yuɣ lḥal, nezmer ad d-nini d akken isuḍaf yerzan tutlayt zgan ttbeddilen di Isṭunya yernu d tiɣawsiwin tisertiyin n daxel n tmurt akk d lḥeṛs ara d-sseḥṛasent tmura tiberṛaniyin ay yedǧan abeddel-agi ad d-yili. Dɣa, xas ma yella tamenḍawt di 1992 ay tt-id-sbedden, maca asaḍuf amaynut n tutlayin ur t-id-sbedden ara alammi d 1995. Tuɣ, isuḍaf n tutlayt akk d tiqqermi (citoyenneté) n 1995 ldint tiwwura i werkad n tmetti akk d lebni n tmurt iǧehden, yernu isuḍaf-agi ur smenyafen ula d yiwen n wegdud ɣef wayeḍ di Isṭunya wanag ttusqedcen kan d allal i lmend n wesdukel n yimezdaɣen merṛa n tmurt. Qrib yal amdan yettidiren s wudem n usaḍuf (légalement) di Isṭunya yettalas ad yessuter u ad t-id-tṣaḥ teɣlent (nationalité) tisṭunit, akken yebɣu yili laṣel-is yernu anect-a akk yesskan-d d akken abeddel n tmetti tisṭunit d win ara tt-yettawin deg webrid n tugdut, n tullya akk d uqader n yizefan n wemdan.
D acu kan, tutlayt tisṭunit n wass-a yedǧa-tt zzman ɣer deffir deg wayen yerzan taknussna (technologie). Timacinin n tsuqilt (machines de traduction) akk d wahilen n weɛqal n wawal melmi kan ay d-yebda unadi fell-asen akken ad ten-id-xedmen, iseɣẓanen (logiciels) s tisṭunit mazal-iten qlilit yernu ayen ay d-yeffɣen yagi deg wennar-a qlil kan anda ay yettuseqdac yernu ilaq ad d-nini d akken d anabaḍ ur d anabaḍ ay yessawḍen ɣer tegnit-agi umi ay werǧin yefka azal i temsalt-a. D acu kan, Aseqqamu n Tutlayt Tisṭunit yessebded-d asenfar (projet) i lmend n wesnerni n tutlayt tisṭunit deg useggas n 2001, u yekcem leqdic-agi di leqdicat n Useggas Uṛufi n Tutlayin, dɣa atan yekkat Useqqamu ass-a akken ad d-yessaki medden akk d trebbaɛ ay terza temsalt ɣef tḍullit (nécéssité) n tifin n tifrat i lexṣaṣ n ttawil atrar (moderne) s tutlayt tisṭunit akk d wayen ilaqen ad yettwaxdem i lmend n wesnerni n tisṭunit deg wennar-agi.
Tamselyut, Iseddagen & Izdayen Iberraniyen[beddel]
- http://imedyazen1.tripod.com/ Sɣur n Mart Rannut, Tasdawit n usselmed n Talinn Tasuqilt sɣur Omar MOUFFOK d Abbas IFERḤATEN.


text:
Bible verses about "leadership in the church" | Kabyle
1
S ɣuṛ Bulus akk-d Timuti iqeddacen n Ɛisa Lmasiḥ, i watmaten yumnen s Ɛisa Lmasiḥ, i imeqqranen n tqeḍɛit akk-d wid i ten-ițɛassan yellan di temdint n Filibus.
2
Lameɛna amdebbeṛ di tejmaɛt ur ilaq ara ad afen deg-s lɣaci wayen ara s-d-ssukksen, ilaq ad yesɛu yiwet n tmeṭṭut kan, ad yili d win iḥekkmen deg iman-is, d aɛeqli, d win iteddun s ṣṣwab. Ilaq ad yili d win yesṭerḥiben deg wexxam-is, d win izemren ad isselmed awal n Ṛebbi;
6
Yal yiwen deg-sen ilaq ad yili d amdan iwumi ur d-ssukksen acemma, ad yesɛu yiwet tmeṭṭut kan, arraw-is ad ilin d wid iḍuɛen Sidi Ṛebbi, ad sɛun tikli yelhan, ad țțaɣen awal iwakken ur sen-d-ssukkusen ara wiyaḍ kra n diri.
7
Ilaq ameqqran n tejmaɛt ad yili yeṣfa di tikli-ines, imi d nețța i geṭṭfen lecɣal n Sidi Ṛebbi, ur ilaq ad yili d win yessimɣuṛen iman-is, ur ilaq ad ireffu, ur ilaq ad yili d asekṛan, ur ilaq ad yeskker ccwal, ur ilaq daɣen a t-ɣwun yedrimen n leḥṛam.
1
Ad nhuɣ tura imeqqranen di liman yellan gar-awen. Nekk yellan d ameqqran am nutni, nekk iḥedṛen i leɛtab n Lmasiḥ, ițekkan di tmanegt-is ara d-ibanen; a ten weṣṣiɣ :
2
Ḥadret wid i wen-d-iwekkel Sidi Ṛebbi akken ițḥadar umeksa ɣef qeḍɛit-is; lhit ihi yid-sen s lebɣi-nwen, mačči sennig n wulawen-nwen, xedmet ayagi ɣef wudem n Sidi Ṛebbi mačči s ṭṭmeɛ.
3
Ur ssimɣuṛet ara iman-nwen ɣef wid i wen-d-iwekkel Sidi Ṛebbi, meɛna ilit d lemtel ara tebɛen.
4
Imiren asm' ara d-iban win yellan sennig imeqqranen meṛṛa, a wen d-tețțunefk tɛeṣṣabt n tmanegt ur nfennu.
1
Ay atmaten-iw, ur țnadit ara aț-țuɣalem meṛṛa d wid yesselmaden, axaṭer teẓram belli d nukni s wid yesselmaden, ara yețțuḥasben akteṛ n wiyaḍ,
1
?-țideț mi qqaṛen : « ma yella win yebɣan ad yuɣal d amdebbeṛ di tejmaɛt d ayen yelhan i gețmenni ».
17
Aɣet awal i wid i wen-immalen abrid, ḍuɛet-țen axaṭer țɛassan fell awen, ẓran a d-yas wass deg ara ten-iḥaseb Sidi Ṛebbi ɣef lxedma nsen. Akka ara xedmen ccɣel-nsen akken ilaq s lfeṛḥ mačči s leḥzen neɣ m'ulac ur tseɛɛum ara lfayda.
28
Ɛasset ɣef yiman-nwen, ɛasset ɣef tqeḍɛit ɣef i kkun-iwekkel Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen. Ilit d iɛessasen ɣef tejmaɛt n Ṛebbi i d-iḥerr s idammen n Mmi-s.
Topical data is from OpenBible.info, retrieved November 11, 2013, and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License.


text: Kabyle(i) 1 Ccariɛa n Musa ur d-țbeggin ara tideț akken tella, meɛna d lemtel n lxiṛat i d-iteddun, daymi ur tezmir ara aț-țessiweḍ ɣer tezdeg ikemlen wid yețqeṛṛiben ɣer Ṛebbi s iseflawen i țqeddimen seg useggas ɣer useggas. 2 Ihi tura lemmer wid yețqeddimen iseflawen-agi, țwaṣeffan si ddnubat nsen, tili ur țțuɣalen ara ad fken iseflawen ɣef ddnubat-nsen, imi ad ḥṣun deg wulawen-nsen belli ṣfan. 3 Meɛna s iseflawen-agi țmektayen-d yal aseggas belli mazal-iten d imednuben. 4 Imi d lmuḥal idammen n iɛejmiyen d iqelwacen ad kksen ddnubat. 5 Daymi mi i gțeddu a d-yas Lmasiḥ ɣer ddunit yenna i Sidi Ṛebbi : Ur tebɣiḍ iseflawen, ur tebɣiḍ lewɛadi; lameɛna tefkiḍ-iyi-d ɣer ddunit s ṣṣifa n wemdan. 6 Ur teqbileḍ iseflawen n lmal i tețțeț tmes, ur teqbileḍ iseflawen itekksen ddnub; 7 Dɣa nniɣ : Aql-iyi-n ay Illu-yiw, usiɣ-ed ad xedmeɣ lebɣi-k, akken yura fell-i di tektabt iqedsen. 8 Teslam d acu i d-yenna Lmasiḥ! Yenna : Ur tebɣiḍ iseflawen d lewɛadi, ur teqbileḍ iseflawen n lmal i tețțețtmes ur teqbileḍ iseflawen itekksen ddnub, ɣas akken iseflawen-agi țțunefken akken yura di ccariɛa. 9 Yerna yenna : Aql-iyi usiɣ-ed iwakken ad xedmeɣ lebɣi-k . S wakka Sidi Ṛebbi yekkes akk iseflawen imezwura, yerra-d deg wemkan-nsen asfel n Lmasiḥ. 10 Ɛisa Lmasiḥ yexdem lebɣi n Sidi Ṛebbi, isebbel iman-is d asfel, iṣeffa-yaɣ si ddnub ɣef yiwet n tikkelt. 11 Lmuqedmin țqeddimen mkul ass iseflawen n lmal ur nezmir ad kksen ddnub. 12 Ma d nețța yefka yiwen wesfel kan i dayem ɣef ddemma n ddnubat; dɣa yeṭṭef amkan n lḥekma ɣer tama tayeffust n Sidi Ṛebbi, 13 alamma uɣalen yeɛdawen-is seddaw iḍaṛṛen-is. 14 S yiwen wesfel kan yessazdeg i dayem wid yețwaxtaṛen. 15 Ula d Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen ibeggen-it-id imi gura di tira iqedsen : 16 Sidi Ṛebbi yenna : atan leɛqed ara sbeddeɣ gar-i yid-sen, M 'ara ɛeddin wussan-agi ad skecmeɣ lumuṛ-inu deg wulawen-nsen, a ten-aruɣ di lɛeqliya-nsen 17 Yenna daɣen : Ur d-țmektayeɣ ara ddnubat akk-d yir lecɣal-nsen. 18 Ma yella Sidi Ṛebbi yeɛfa-yaɣ ddnubat-nneɣ, acuɣeṛ ihi i neḥwaǧ tura iseflawen n lmal ɣef ddnub. 19 Ay atmaten, imi uzzlen idammen n Ɛisa Lmasiḥ fell-aneɣ, nețkel a nekcem ɣer wemkan iqedsen, 20 axaṭer yeldi-yaɣ abrid ajdid ɣer tudert mi gcerreg leḥjab, yeɛni lǧețța-s ițțusemmṛen. 21 Nesɛa lmuqeddem ameqqran yellan d aqeṛṛuy ɣef wexxam n Sidi Ṛebbi. 22 A nqeṛṛeb ihi ɣer Ṛebbi s wul d liman ikemlen, s wulawen-nneɣ zeddigen seg yir ixemmimen, s lǧețțat-nneɣ yuraden s waman yeṣfan. 23 Ilaq a neṭṭef deg usirem-nneɣ s wayes i nețcehhid, axaṭer win i ɣ-iɛuhden iteṭṭef deg wawal-is. 24 A nțemḥadar wway gar-aneɣ, a nțemweṣṣi ɣef leḥmala d lecɣal yelhan. 25 Ur ilaq ara a neṭṭixeṛ si tejmaɛt n watmaten akken uɣen tannumi kra nniḍen, meɛna a nțemyenhut wway gar-aneɣ imi ass n tuɣalin n Ssid nneɣ iqeṛṛeb-ed. 26 Ma yella nețkemmil nețɛici di ddnub s lebɣi-nneɣ yili nukni nessen tideț, ur d-yeqqim ara wesfel ara ɣ-yekksen ddnub-nneɣ, 27 yeqqim-aɣ-ed kan a neṛǧu s lxuf ameqqran lḥisab i d-ițeddun ț-țmes iṛeqqen ara yeččen wid iɛuṣan Ṛebbi. 28 Kra n win i gxulfen ccariɛa n Musa, ma yella cehden-d fell-as sin neɣ tlata inigan belli yuklal lmut ad immet mbla ṛṛeḥma; 29 amek ihi ara tedṛu d win ara yewten di Mmi-s n Ṛebbi, ur neḥsib ara idammen n leɛqed i t-iṣeffan, ara iregmen Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen i ɣ-d-yewwin ṛṛeḥma n Sidi Ṛebbi. 30 Axaṭer neẓra anwa i d-yennan : ?țaṛ d ayla-w, d nekk ara ten-ixelṣen akken uklalen Yenna daɣen : D nețța ara iḥasben agdud-is. 31 A nnger n win ara d-yeɣlin ger ifassen n Sidi Ṛebbi yeddren! 32 Mmektit-ed ussan imezwura i deg twalam tafat n Sidi Ṛebbi d wamek tqublem leɛtab di tegniț n ccedda : 33 seg yiwet n tama reggmen-kkun, kksen fell-awen sser, si tama nniḍen tbeddem ɣer wid iwumi yedṛa wayagi. 34 ?-țideț tḥunnem ɣef yimeḥbas yerna tqeblem s lfeṛḥ a wen-kksen ayla nwen, axaṭer teẓram belli tesɛam ayen yugaren ayagi yerna d ayen yețdumun. 35 Ihi ḥadret a wen-iṛuḥ laman i tesɛam ɣer Ṛebbi axaṭer a wen-d-yawi rrbeḥ d ameqqran. 36 Ilaq-awen aț-țesɛum ṣṣbeṛ iwakken aț-țxedmem lebɣi n Ṛebbi iwakken a wen-d-yefk ayen i wen yewɛed. 37 Drus i mazal, di kra n lweqt a d-yaweḍ win akken ara d-yasen, ur yețɛeṭṭil ara. 38 Aḥeqqi ɣer ɣuṛ-i d win i gțeklen fell-i, yesɛan liman deg wul-is meɛna ma iwexxeṛ fell-i ad zziɣ udem-iw fell-as. 39 Ma d nukni ur nelli ara seg wid yeṭṭixiṛen i webrid n Ṛebbi, ur nelli ara seg wid yețțuɣalen ɣer deffir, yețḍiɛen, lameɛna nukni seg wid yesɛan liman, nețțeddu deg ubrid n leslak.


text:
Awwur:Tussna
Taddadant (Statistique) · Takrura (Chimie) · Tameẓla (Logique) · Tanzeggit (Géométrie) · Tarakalt (Géographie) · Tasengama (Physique) · Tasnaggurt (Astronomie) · Tudersent (Biologie) · Tusnakt (Mathématiques)
D amussnagamaw (physicien), d amussnayyur (astronome), aẓar-is n tmurt n Ṭelyan. Galili d yiwen gar wid I d-igren lsas I tussnagama tamirant(physique moderne). Gar wayen iqdec Galili d Kepler, irfed-iten Newton I leqdic-is. Galili isnulfa-d s wacu issaked aggur, isken-d tiderra (ccwami) illan ɣef iṭij. D Galili I d-yufan isafen illan ɣef aggur d igensawen (satellites) imeqqranen n Jupiter d udmawen n Venus. ...ugar


text: Kabyle(i) 1 Nekk Bulus, yellan d ṛṛasul, mačči s ufus neɣ s lebɣi n yemdanen, lameɛna s lebɣi n Ɛisa Lmasiḥ akk-d Baba Ṛebbi i t-id isseḥyan si ger lmegtin. 2 Uriɣ tabṛaț-agi nekk d watmaten meṛṛa yellan yid-i, i tejmuyaɛ n watmaten n tmurt n Galasya : 3 ṛṛeḥma d lehna a wen-d-țțunefkent s ɣuṛ Baba-tneɣ Ṛebbi akk-d Sidna Ɛisa Lmasiḥ. 4 Lmasiḥ isebbel iman-is ɣef ddnubat-nneɣ, iwakken a ɣ-isellek si yir lǧil-agi, s lebɣi n Baba-tneɣ Ṛebbi. 5 I nețța tamanegt si lǧil ɣer lǧil! Amin! 6 Wehmeɣ imi twexxṛem s lemɣawla ɣef win i wen-d-issawlen s ṛṛeḥma n Lmasiḥ, iwakken aț-țḍefṛem lexbaṛ n lxiṛ nniḍen. 7 Ur wen-d-nniɣ ara akka am akken yella lexbaṛ n lxiṛ nniḍen, lameɛna qqaṛeɣ-awen-d akka, axaṭer llan kra lɣaci i kkun-icewwlen yerna bɣan ad sɛewjen lexbaṛ n lxiṛ yeɛnan Lmasiḥ. 8 ?as a lukan d nukni, neɣ d lmelk ara d-yasen seg igenni a wen-d ibbecceṛ lexbaṛ n lxiṛ yemxalafen ɣef win i wen-d-nbecceṛ si tazwara, atan ad yețwanɛel! 9 Nenna-yawen-t-id si zik, a s-d ɛiwdeɣ tura : yețwanɛel win ara wen-d ibeccṛen lexbaṛ n lxiṛ yemxalafen ɣef win i tqeblem! 10 Ihi tura, eɛni d lemziya n yemdanen i țnadiɣ ? Xaṭi! D lemziya n Sidi Ṛebbi i țnadiɣ. Neɣ eɛni țnadiɣ ad ɛeǧbeɣ i yemdanen ? Lemmer i mazal țnadiɣ ad ɛeǧbeɣ i yemdanen, tili ur țțilliɣ ara d aqeddac n Lmasiḥ. 11 A wen-d-iniɣ ay atmaten belli lexbaṛ-agi n lxiṛ i wen-d-beccṛeɣ mačči s ɣuṛ wemdan i d-yekka; 12 axaṭer, nekk s yiman-iw mačči d amdan i yi-t-id-issawḍen neɣ i yi t-islemden, lameɛna d Sidna Ɛisa Lmasiḥ i yi-t-id-iweḥḥan. 13 Teslam ɣef tikli-inu n zik asmi lliɣ ttabaɛeɣ ddin n wat Isṛail; teslam amek i qehṛeɣ tajmaɛt n imasiḥiyen d wamek bɣiɣ a ten-snegreɣ. 14 Asmi lliɣ ḍefṛeɣ ddin d leɛwayed n wat Isṛail, ifeɣ akk tizyiwin-iw akk-d wid n laṣel-iw, axaṭer ṭṭfeɣ di leɛwayed n lejdud-iw akken ilaq. 15 Lameɛna s ṛṛeḥma-s, Sidi Ṛebbi ixtaṛ-iyi-d uqbel a d-laleɣ yerna yessawel-iyi-d iwakken ad qedceɣ fell-as. 16 Asmi i yi-d-ibeggen Sidi Ṛebbi Mmi-s iwakken ad beccṛeɣ lexbaṛ n lxiṛ i t-iɛnan ger wid ur nelli ara n wat Isṛail, ur cawṛeɣ ula d yiwen; 17 yerna ur uliɣ ara ɣer temdint Lquds ɣer wid yellan d ṛṛusul uqbel-iw, lameɛna ṛuḥeɣ ɣer tmurt n waɛṛaben; syenna uɣaleɣ-ed daɣen ɣer temdint n Dimacq. 18 Mi ɛeddan tlata iseggasen, uliɣ ɣer temdint Lquds iwakken ad issineɣ Buṭrus, qqimeɣ ɣuṛ-es xemseṭṭac wussan. 19 Lameɛna ur ẓriɣ ula d yiwen nniḍen si ṛṛusul, anagar Yeɛqub, gma-s n Ssid-nneɣ. 20 Ayen i wen-d-uriɣ akka ț-țideț, zdat Ṛebbi ur skiddibeɣ ara. 21 Syenna, ṛuḥeɣ ɣer tmura n Surya d Silisya; 22 kra wayen kkiɣ dinna, imasiḥiyen n tejmuyaɛ n tmurt n Yahuda leɛmeṛ ẓrin udem-iw. 23 Slan kan qqaṛen fell-i : win akken yellan ițqehhiṛ deg-nneɣ, atan tura ițbecciṛ liman i gebɣa zik-nni a t-issenger. 24 Dɣa țḥemmiden Ṛebbi ɣef ddemma-w.


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Tamrikt
Tamrikt neɣ Marikan neɣ Amirika d amenẓaw deg idis umalu n umaḍal. Tebḍa ɣef sin yeḥricen, Marikan n Ugafa id Marikan n Wanẓul.
Aẓar n wawal[beddel]
Awal Marikan yekka-d si Amerigo Vespucci. Isem-agi urant i tikkelt tamezwarut di 25 Yebrir 1507 deg yiwet n tkarḍa tarakalant . Yessufɣ-itt-id yiwen uressam n tkarḍiwin, Almani Martin Waldseemüller deg Saint-Dié-des-Vosges, isemma amenẓaw amaynut America ilmend n Amerigo Vespucci, imsilel aṭelyani.
Tarakalt[beddel]
Marikan n Ugafa: Kanada, Iwunak Yedduklen, Groenland (Danmark), Miksiku, Gwatimala, Salvador, Handuras, Kusta Rika, Panama, Kuba, Bermuda (Lingliz), Jamaika, Haiti, Republik n Dominik, Puerto Riko, Gwadilup,Martinik, Saint-Pierre d Mikelon (Fransa), Tigzirin i India.
Marikan n Wanẓul: Kolombi, Vinizwela, Brazil, Tarǧentint, Cili, Paraguay, Peru, Ikwador, Bolivia, Galapagos (Ekuator), Tigzirin n Falkland (BTabritanit Tamokrant), Tagwiwant, Surinam, Tagwinant Tafransist (Fransa), Belize.
Amezruy[beddel]


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