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Bni Ɛziz
Bni Ɛziz d yiwet n tɣiwant n Tmurt Leqbayel di twilayt n Sṭif deg tdayra n Bni Ɛziz. Deg 2008, zedɣen-tt azal n 19383 imezdaɣen. Deg lawan n yinkcamen irumyien, llan qqaren-as Chevreul.
Tarakalt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Asideg (timella)[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Bni Ɛziz tezga-d ar 50 km deg ugafa-utrim n wadeg-aɣella (chef-lieu) n twilayt n Sṭif af webrid i yeqqnen Lɛelma ar Jijel deg temnaṭ tamedrart n Ibaburen.
Tuddar[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Bni Ɛziz (At Ɛziz)
- Leḥǧar (Iẓra)
- Wlad Yeɛqub (At Yeɛqub)
- Sidi Ɛebbas
- Tayrawt
- Tamagult
- Amdiǧ
- Wlad Badis (At Badis)
- Ben Gellili
- Akrif
- Burdim
- Wlad Bara (At Bara)
- Bḥiret Lɛefya (Tibḥirt n Lɛefya)
- Taqṣarin
- Caɛebet Zakkar
- Amezawru
- Wlad Ben Mmur (At Mmur)
- Wlad Lḥaǧ (At Lḥaǧ)
- Lḥarrek
Amezruy[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Bnan-as irumiyen g useggas n 1898, semman-as Chevreuil. Asmi Lezzayer teṭṭef timmunent-is llan qqaren-as Ɛarbawen armi 1984. Deg wakal n tɣiwant-a llan ixerban n temdint n Iqjan neɣ Ikjan ay yellan zik tamaneɣt n Ikutamen.


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Acḥal n imedyaten i yilaqen, akken iqbayliyen ad gzun neɣ ad fehmen ayen d-yenna Lwennas deg tals-as i yemseɣtret azayri win umi yeqqar AƔURRU » Ulayɣ nuṛǧa asirem, ma n-senned ɣef sbeṛ, amsedrar ur i ḥekkem ɣas yeɣra yezwer ! ». Kra n weqbayli, yewwi ṭmeɛ ad yekki deg dabu azayri, tagar-as deg leḥbus : Xilla n imedyaten i yellan : Aḥmed Uyeḥya, Amara Ben Yunes, Xalida Tumi, Ǧebbar Mhenna, Saɛid Bay artg…, neɣ ṭeggiṛen-ten am iḍumman ticki ɛyan deg-sen, amedya : Uld Ali Lhadi, Karim Yunes, Remtan Lamamra d wayen ara s-yeḍrun ussan-a i Feḥat At Ali.
Ferḥat At Ali, mmi-s n tama n Micli, i d-ilulen ass n 31 mayu 1963, yesɛa akayad n umaswaḍ n tebzert ( inspecteur des impots) nniqal d win yetwasnen deg weḥric-a n tdamsa d wayen akk yerzan tabzert, yella deg temḥaddit, yezga yesseqcar deg udabu azayri, ladɣa ticki ara d-iɛeddi deg Radyu n temḥaddit RDIO M. Send ad yettwakkes Buteflika, i bed ar yidis n Ali Ghediri i d-imudden udem-is deg tefranin n 2019, maca send tanekra n « WEMBIWEL N 16 FURAR », Gayed Salaḥ yerra Ali Ghdiri ar lḥebs, ma Ferḥat At Ali rran-t kan ar unabaḍ n DJerrad.
Ferhat Ait Ali, yella mgal adabu, yeqqel daxel n udabu, yella d mmi-s n Micli yeqqel qqurent-id deg Micli, asmi yuɣal s wudem-is d aneɣlaf n tdamsa, yella d amsedrar, yebɣa ad yeḥkem, acku yenwa yeɣra yezwer, tagara-s d win ara yettwaḍegren deg rrif, ara yettwasamsen sɣur tɣamsa n usekkak.
Tazwara n tagara-s, tebda-d asmi i t-id-yessenqed ɛinani sdat n tɣamsa tazayrit, uneɣlaf amenzu DJerrad, send imi Ait Ali yugi ad yebder wid umi d-iṣaḥ ad skecmen tikuṛyas timaynutin, Djerrad ur yebɣi ara ad d-ibin amzun tella tufra ɣef temsalt-a. Maca nezra belli tasusmi ɣef ukkuẓ (4) n yemsekcmen n tkuṛyas i yettwafernen deg temzezzelt i d-hegga tneɣlaft n tdamsa, mači d ayen kan iga mas Ait Ali nebla ma icawer aneɣlaf amenzu, amahat yudiy-as ticerkett, ad d-iheggi astaxxer-ines ?
Wid akk yeṭafaren anegmu adelsan deg tmurt n lezzayer, u ladɣa aḥric n uzenzi d usnekcem n tkeṛyas timaynutin, ẓran belli, 4 n idamsiwen yettwafernen sɣur tneɣlaft n tdamsa, d wid yesɛa zher d ameqqran, acku ssuq agi n tkeryas d imelyaṛen ara ferqen kan deg ṛebɛa yid-sen, ihi kra n win tesneɣna tigawt n Ferhat Ait Ali, yeqqel d axṣim, yettgallan ɣef uqerruy-is.
Acu i s-yeḍran iḍelli deg « Club Des Pins » i Ferhat Ait Ali ?
Taɣamsa n usekkak, d tin i d-yessufɣen tyaqṣiṭ ara d-yeglun s uqecceɛ n Ferhat Ait Ali deg kra n wussan-kan, imi d-uran belli iḍelli deg idḍ deg « Club Des Pins », anda yesɛa tamezduɣt mas Ferhat At Ali, d win yessekren ahrahu ɣef ijadermiyen yettɛassan anekcum n tama-ya, acku ugin ad s-skecmen snat n teḥdayin i d-yusan ɣef leḥsab n kra n isallen ad, ad ɛezzeṛen-t yid-es iḍ.
Akken qqaren, ma tebɣiḍ ad tenɣeḍ aqjun-ik in-as yesseḍ, ihi s teqsiṭ-a mači kan d aqecceɛ ara qecɛen aqbayli-nniḍen, maca ad tessamsen u ad sefḍen fell-as lqaɛa, d tagi i d tagara n leqbellec, i bedlen adrum s weɣrum. Amahat ad akkin yiwen wass yeqbayliyen ?

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


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Netta qqaren-as Muḥemmed Aɣmir yettwassnen s Bu ṭṭwajen. Deg usegg°as n 1227 yegga ijjen tegrawla deg idurar n yeɣmiren (aɣelluy n Arrif). Yenna-asen i imezdaɣ n Arrif belli netta d nnbi, dewlen aṭṭas n midden i t-iḍeffren, ula kter zegga iwdan ẓrin lxedayem-nnes deg ukimiya. Aterras-a min xef nessawal isem-nnes amen yekmel « Muḥemmed n bu ṭṭwajen. Baba-s ttuɣa-t zeg yeɣrem n Ikutamen (Leqser lekbir yiḍ-a). Ttuɣa semman-as bu ṭṭwajen, minzi netta ttuɣa ixeddem d ukimiya, uca ttuɣa isxeddam abarru n ṭṭwajen. D baba-s d netta ig ibdan ixeddem akimya, netta iksi x-as tussna-ya. Iraḥ ɣer Sebta, xenni izdeɣ deg Ayt Sɛid d jjwayeh-nnes. Ssa zeg Ayt Sɛid ad d-yebda asenfar-nnes amaynu, umi i d ɣa yefsar x ijjen ddin d jjdid. Manaya yus-d s twiza n wemɣar n Sebta. Maɣer ? Minzi xsen ad rren lḥar zi Ɛebdesslam Ben Mcic, i ttuɣa wer iḥemmlen amɣar n sebta. Ixes ad t-ikkes.
Ddin n jjdid n Bu ṭṭwajen
Umi i d-ikker Bu ṭṭwajen yegga amkan-nnes la d netta di jjihet n Iɣmiren. Yuffu-d Ɛebdesslam Ben Mcic ixes ad kid-s imseksi, minzi Ben Mcic netta d ijjen ittwala ila Bu ṭṭwajen d « bu ixerrqien ». Xenni, Bu ṭṭwajen yufa ila wer izemmer ad yaweḍ mani ixes ɣir mala ikkes Ben Mcic zeg webrid-nnes. X manaya, wejden-as nɣin-t. Umi i d-rrin lexbar, imeḍfaren n Ben Mcic di Sebta, ila ameggaru-ya yemmut. Kkren-d maḥend ad bedden deg wudem n Bu ṭṭwajen. Xenni netta irwel zzag-sen.
S tidet, ittwaneɣ d amezwaru Ben Mcic, maca ameggaru-ya ttuɣa yejja later-nnes deg imezdaɣ. Mayen yejjin midden ad nhezzen awerni i lmewt-nnes maḥend ad nɣen Bu ṭṭwajen di Wad Law n yiḍ-a.
Bu ṭṭwajen d teqbilt-nnes
Bu ṭṭwajen, iqqares-d netta zeg ijjen twacunt tettegg mliḥ akimiya. Imerzuten qqaren ɛawed ila taqbilt-nnes netta n Bu ṭṭwajen tettwassen s ddegg-a n tussna. Imezruyanen Imselmen, ttafen ila qa d « taqubbanit » ig ijjin aṭṭas n midden ad ḍfaren Bu ṭṭwajen. Maca, aya wer tzemmer ad tili d tidet weḥḥd-s, minzi umi d-usin waɛɛraben ɣer Arrif, wer kkisen ca minzi ttuɣa ttɣilen Imaziɣen zic. Irifiyen n wakud-nni qqimen ḥḍan s minzi ttuɣa ttɣilen qbel. Ɛawed, din ijjen ḥajet nniḍen ixess ad as-newwec taynit-nnes. Ben Mcic, netta ttuɣa yeqqar i midden belli netta d « ayyaw » zi lwacun n ureqqas Muḥemmed. S uya amenɣi-nnsen tuɣa-t d ijjen umenɣi d apulitik. Kul ijjen zzag-sen s minzi i t-iɣellef. Bu ṭṭwajen s ijjen ddin d amayanu, Ben Mcic, netta iɣellef amenɣi-nnes s « Lislam n Muḥemmed ».
Jar Ḥamim Aɣmir d Bu ṭṭwajen.
La d ijjen ḥajet ma teqqar-aneɣ ila Bu ṭṭwajen netta ijj-d ca n Lquran yura s Tmaziɣt. Amek das-igga aqrin-nnes Ḥamim aɣmir. Ixarbjiyen qqaren ila yejja-asen-d ca n ddegg n tmegga iḍeffren waha. Timegga-ya wer ttwazemmemnt ca di ca n udlis yura-t Bu ṭṭwajen. Ca zeg ixbarjiyen qqaren ila qa netta iksi-d aṭṭas zi Ḥamim aɣmir. Ikkes cwayt irni timeslayin nniḍen. Merra min qqaren « ixbarjiyen-a » x Bu ṭṭwajen, ila aterras ttuɣa ittegg agezzen waha. Wadji ameknaw Ḥamim, ila qqaren x-as igga-asen tnayen n tẓallitin…
Maca zeg ijjen uɣezdis nniḍen, aṭṭas n imerzuten deg umezruy qqaren ila timegga n Ḥamim, jjint later-nnsen deg wamun Arifi. Iɣmiren ula kṭer ttuɣa-ten zi lebda tteggen agezzen d uɛewwed waxxa yus-d Lislam, maca midden qqimen ttsiɣan x min ttxarrsen d s minzi ttɣilen.


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S yisem-is d amnadi n tussna tinslmet deg tesdawit n Lezzayer tamanaɣt, deg Umzaz asuffi, d amsnulfu n yiwet tesbeddit CERCLE DES LUMIÈRES POUR la pensée LIBRE « yeṭṭafarren abrid n Muḥend Ɛerkun « .
Yettwasen s tufɣiwin-ines deg uzeṭṭa n FACEBOOK akked tɣamsa s lmegirda-ines deg tiktiwin d tulya n uxmem-is ɣer tɣerma tamaḍlant , izega imgared d tuget n imusnawen n tesreḍt deg tmurt n Lezzayer ladɣa wi d-yenulfan akka deg iseggasen yezrin ayen i wumi semman isalafiyen.
Ayen i d-yettaran lewlha d aken tama-ya d wid i d-tt-laɛin ɣer temttant-is deg aṭas tegnatin maca taɣdemt tugi ad t-sersit ɣer tlisa-nsen.
Tikelt-a agraw n isenselmen ɣef uqerruy-is yiwen n ubrufissur deg tesdawit n Beleebbas Mass Ɛebderezaq Bwijra, d wid icektan fell-as timentelt n tyita mgal ayen « Yettwaqedsen » deg tesreḍt tineslmet, rnu ɣur-s gren-d tiɣri i ugdud azzeyri aken ad yilli ɣer yidis-nsen.
Mass ǦABLXIR netta s timad-is yesbeggen-d reffu-ines imi yenna : » wid icektan rnan asebuceɛ ur ǧǧin ara tamslat gar ifassen n taɣdemt kan ». Ɣef aya ibeddi-ines ad yilli ass n 25 furar useggas-a iwekked-d akken ar tura ur imugger ara ula d yiwet n tsɣret s ɣur taɣdemt n tmurt tazayrit.


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Tiyeggert
Tiyeggert (Asget: Tiyeggirin) deg yimɣi d agman itteffren učči d waman akken i tegber seg waṭas n taṭṭiwin i d-issufuɣen tagrawt n yikebbiben deg tmiṭṭ n yimɣi yakk d yiferran imeskebren am tbaṭaṭat.[1] Tiyeggert tga d ageṭṭum amɣaw asneflan iteddmen ikebbiben ara ad yemɣin i wakken ad fkenn imɣan d imaynuten.
Tiyeggirin ttusexedmen-tt deg yimɣi am wallal n usegrew d tuffra n imeččiyen, anda i ttakent tagnit i yimɣan i wakken ad qqimen ddren deg talliyin n tsegrest neɣ n unaɣur, anda i tettwasexdem tiyeggert deg talliyin-nni i wakken ad tfares tafasa d imeččiyen i tulsa n wemɣay deg tsemhuyt n gemmu i d-iteddun, neɣ d tarrayt i wemyaraw arzufan
Tiyeggirin tigeṭmanin ttwasilɣent-d seg yiweggiren (iẓuran ddaw n wakal) neɣ d tersemt (iẓuran imraraden sufell n wakal).
Asemmili[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Imniren[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ẓeṛ daɣen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ Potato Genome Project Archived 2016-05-08 at the Wayback Machine


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Lfilm-ad ittwagga zeg lectab n « iskkinn nna gan imazann », nna ittyasin zeg lectab n rebbi nna ittussfran s tmaziɣt. Luqa a da iteqqisen s uqmu nnes lqist n tudert n imumenn imzwura d tmara nna ɣifsen ikkan ḍart n mayd yuli sidna ƹisa ɣer igenna, ḥma ad ṣṣiweḍen awal nnes i midden.
Llig ɣifsen-d iḍer rruḥ n rebbi ar sawalen s wawal n legnus ḍnin, ɣalen midden is swan ccrab ; macan yuc-as rebbi i buṭrus zzƹamt ad-asen issfru s wawal n rebbi aynna ijṛan. Ar issara ntta d yuḥanna ar tberraḥen s ineɣmisen ẓilnin xef lmasiḥ aha ttukeṛfṣen cigan.
Bulus ntta ikka ism nnes cawul, ar ittekeṛfaṣ agraw n imumenn, ar itsebbab g lmut nnesen ; macan yan wass iffeɣ-d ɣurs lmasiḥ s ixf nnes aha ibeddel tudert nnes. Bulus tekka ɣifs tmara iweƹren ḥma ad iḍaƹ tanbaṭṭ n sidna ƹisa lmasiḥ llig a-s inna « gix-c d asidd i legnus nna ur ginin udayn ḥma an-n tṣṣiweḍḍ afukku i ddunit kul. » Ikker bulus ar itekka timizar ar itberraḥ s wawal n rebbi, iṣber i txendallasin n midden d tmariwin nna ɣifs sikkan, iṣber aggwd i titi d lḥebs.
Mec trid ad teqrad lectab kul s tmaziɣt, neqqer da.
Azen lfilm kul zeg lantirnit ɣer lburṭabel nnec (mp4)
Iskkinn nna gan imazann 1 (mp4 – 564 MO)
Iskkinn nna gan imazann 2 (mp4 – 497 MO)
Iskkinn nna gan imazann 3 (mp4 – 597 MO)
Iskkinn nna gan imazann 4 (mp4 – 635 MO)
Azen lfilm kul zeg lantirnit ɣer lkumbyuter nnec s “format HD” (mp4)
Iskkinn nna gan imazann 1 (mp4 – 908 MO)
Iskkinn nna gan imazann 2 (mp4 – 797 MO)
Iskkinn nna gan imazann 3 (mp4 – 958 MO)
Iskkinn nna gan imazann 4 (mp4 – 1 GO)


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SI LPARI AR BṚAZILYA; AJILI AWṚAƔ, UL AZZGGAƔ I TEGRAWLA TAGREƔLANT TAMƔIDT
deg ussan-a ineggura ilul-d yiwen umussu aɣeṛfan di Fṛansa, win i semman Ijiliyen Iwṛaɣen. Aya meṛṛa yusa-d imi imḍebṛen n tmurt d wid id yessufɣen taẓeṭṭaṭ ɣaf lkaṛbiṛu. Tamurt n Fṛansa, deg ugafa ar unẓul tenhewwal ; aqfal n yibardan, tikliwin d tmesbaniyin am tida n Lpari id yeglan s umennuɣ ameqqṛan gar imesbaniyen d iɛeggalen n teɣlist yesqedcen takṛit d udebbuz mgal imesbaniyen.
Di tazwara aṭas id-t-yugaden,ama si tama n yikabaren n tsartit neɣ s tin n yinmaluten (sandikat). Aṭas i yenwan tama tayeffust iḥeḍmen neɣ yeddan deg urar n tɣamsa yessuzlen awal d akken d amussu n yifaciyen neɣ n tama tayeffust iḥeḍmen id yellan deffir-s. Maca ɣas llan kra n wiyi deg-s , neɣ wid yebɣan ad-t-seddun deg ubrid-a, maca tuget tefɣ-d mgal tasartit tasihrant n uselway n Fransa. Agdud d win taṛẓa yal tameddurt n yal ass; ccumaj, rennu di tebzart, d summa n selɛa yettalin yal ass, si tama niḍen aɣrud n uxeddam yeqqim d win kan yugi ad yali.
Akken seqqaren : tewweḍ tfidi s iɣes. Ajili awraɣ d talaba iɣummen tafekka deg ttazzalen idammen izeggaɣen n tegrawla tamɣidt. D taḍat n wid yarza lḥif d wid yebɣan ad teɣli tsihrant. D acu kan, ilaq aqaruy n tmacit ad yawin iwaguten niḍen deg ubrid n tegrawla n tidet. Ilaq irgazen d tlawin ad ilin ar tama n yemɣiden-a id yekren , maca ur ttilin ara d ccifan fell-asen. Ilaq ad ilin wid ad iwexxren amussu-a ɣef yemcumen n tama tayeffust iḥeḍmen.
Amaḍal ass-a ilaq-as ijiliyen iwṛaɣen di yal tiɣmart. Ass-a tampirayalit d tasihrant sufɣent-d acciwen-nsent. Ass-a, iɣeblan d wid yugten: Llaẓ, iminigen, ṭṭradat, tawennaṭ tarnuḍ akkin. Imdanen di yal tamurt , ilaq ad ilin d ijiliyen iwṛaɣen, tagrawla ilaqd tagreɣlant. Tasihrant teẓẓa azeṭṭas di yal amḍiq, temɣi deg yimdanen, wid yuɣalen d aklan-is. Di Lpari, di Bṛazilya, Bamaku, Ṭukyu neɣ di Dimacq d tameddurt n yiḍ ur nesɛi itran d tziri ur d-yefrari yiṭij n wass. Iṭij n wass s tdukli n yemɣiden ; irgazen , tilawin, ibarkenen neɣ icebḥanen. Ad nili akk am ijiliyen iwṛaɣen, aneddu akk deg ubrid anemlay agrawlan arnu ad necnu akk tagrawla tamɣidt tagreɣlant. Akken i d-as-yenna Karl MARKS: » Imɣiden n yakk timura, ddukklet! ».


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Aseqsi n tiɣit d taqfuli, d ij n useqsi yeqsaḥ a x-as nerr s tnayen n yiwalen, minzi wer nzemmar a tent-newzen am tiddi, niɣ leɛbar n warruḍ. Tiɣit temxumbel aṭṭas, maca waxxa amenni netteg tizemmar maḥend as-negg lmizan. Lmizan ittwassnen aṭṭas d IQ-Test, i zi nwezzen zeɛma tiɣit.
Maca mayemmi nettseqsa aseqsi-ya? Ad yili iwdan ttraḥen ɣir min tteṭmisen ? Imrezzuten llehmen i yewdan di ca n tmura, IQ-nsen ittraḥ ɣir min ineqqes.
Later n Flynn
Deg 1980 yenna upsikulug Anyuzilandi belli lmizan n tiɣist ittraḥ irenni mkul aseggʷs. Manya yiweḍ ɣer-s s lewzen i ttuɣa yegga iseggusa qbel. Maca awal-a wer dd-ittis aked useqsi-nneɣ. Lmizan n Tiɣisin yebda kṭer zi 100 n iseggusa zeg wami. Aṭṭas n tmeslayin i umi rrin taynit, am: cḥal n lweqt ittek utarras maḥend ad ifekk imxumbal n leḥsab, cḥal iɛqqel x yiwalen d imaynuten, axarres s lujik, d min yessen qaɛ di tussnawin marra. Itisten (tests) n yewdan marra, ssemquddanten ijj aked wenniḍen. Zeg-s ttwaɛqalen iḥenjiren yecḍaren, d yenni yeḥwajen wi kid-sen ɣa ibedden maḥend ad dewlen cḍaren.
Itisten-a leɛbar-nsen s tneqqiḍin IQ (Intelligence quotient), Flynn yufa di lweqt-nni, belli IQ yettmarni mkul aseggʷas s 0,3 n tneqqiḍin, waxxa yettbana-dd drust, maca di 100 n iseggusa qa d 30 n tneqqiḍin. Maca waxxa amenni urid aṭṭs, minzi 30 n ipunktuten, d wenni d lferq jer wenni iṭemsen qaɛ, d wenni yecḍarn aṭṭas. Maḥend wer dd-ttbinin nnumrawat uɛɛlan aṭṭas, ittwabeddal test mkul twalat.
Mayemmi ttmerni tiɣit?
Imussnawen aqqa-yen ɛad ar ass-a wer msifiqen x mayemmi ttmerni tiɣit deg yewdan. Din wi tt-itteqnen ɣer macca isebḥen. Isiman ɛad kṭer, minzi nitni tteḥʷajan macca d lemmliḥ maḥend ad iṭewwar walli-nsen. Macca n lemmliḥ tḥeṭṭa-ten zeg waṭṭanen, ataf alli ilehha aked yixef-nnes, maci aked umenɣi aked lehlak. Ɛad nhar-a ḥeṭṭu zi macca, beddant-as temɣarin xmi ttilin s ddiset, manayenni i ittɛawanen aṭewwar.
Zi min ittejjan tiɣit ɛawed ttmerni, d aɛdas n usistim n tɣuri, aṭṭas n iḥenjiren i ttuɣa deg ij n wakkuḍ deg-sen drust n tiɣisin, dewlen nhara ttɛawanen-ten di tɣuri maḥend ad cḍaren, ad lemden tussnawin. Mamec aṭṭas n yewdan dewlen txarrsen s lujik, terran x iseqsan s tussna. Manaya isemma-t Flynn “Lemnaḍer n umerzzu”, i ibeddan zik di temzgida, s trezzut di twafitin, d tirarin nniḍen itteḥʷajan tiɣit. Manaya itejja iwdan zemmarn ad sseɛdun IQ-test mliḥ, bla ma ad ilin cḍaren x lejdud-nsen.
I Lexxu? Neṭṭemmas niɣ nettiɣis?
Tarezzut s usistim n Flynn, tessemqudda itisten n yewdan marra, di legnus marra, x ij n wakud d ameqqran. Tufa belli iwdan di Tmura am Uliman, Fransa, Nnurwij, Nnemsa, Aglanzi, d Finlan , deg iseggusa yeɛdun, leɛbar n IQ-nsent, ya wer yuli ca aṭṭas am lebda, niɣ yenqes.
Nnurwij Teṭṭemmas s waṭṭs: Deg useggʷas n 2018 fsern imrezzuten Inurwijiyyen ij n trezzut, deg-s itisten n 700.000 n yewdan di 30 n iseggusa yeɛdun. Ufin belli zi ssebɛinat, ineqqes tnayen n ipunktuten mkul ɛecra-snin. Amenni ɛlaḥal ula di Finland, Sswid, niɣ Istunya.
Di tmura nniḍen am Uliman d Nnemsa, ttmerni ɣir di ca n yegran waha. Aglanzi i di ṭemsen iḥenjiren di min yeqqnen ɣer uxarres alujik, mmernin deg-s ipunktuten drust waha.
Maca timura am USA, ufin belli Later n Flynn qat ɛad yella. Qaɛɛad yettali nnumru n tiɣisin am lebda.
Mala neṭṭemmas, mayemmi?
Ɛad rezzun imussnawen x min yejjin Tiɣit tneqqes, minzi urid d ijj n lesbab waha izemmarn ad yili, maca ijt ksen-tt zeg webrid, Abeddel deg ujinum (Genome) n yewdan. Minzi abeddel-a wer izemmar ad yili deg ij n wakud d ameẓẓyan.
D ij n wefran nniḍen i zi nzemmar a nerr x useqsi-ya. S ibeddilen iweqɛen deg wamunen n Wuruppa. Iwdan i ɣer yella IQ yuder, ttarwen kṭer zeg yewdan i ɣer yella IQ yeɛɛla. Anict n iḥenjiren i ɣer yella IQ yuder, ittejja nnumru amerwassu n IQ lebda ad ihekkʷa. Maca ca n imrezzuten deg 2018 zi Nnemsa, iwḍen belli wanita ɛemmars ad yili lesbab.
Qqaren belli iwdan dewlen iɣisen di ca n yegran waha, xmi tteggen IQ-Test, ttawyen-dd mliḥ di ca n tmeslayin waha, minzi tiɣit tedwel di ca n tmeslayin waha. Manaya ttafen-t di trezzutin nniḍen. Minzi ass-a aṭṭas n ispisyalisten i yellan, fehhmen deg iger i xef ɣrin waha. Maca manaya itteg amxumbel deg igran nniḍen i yessehwan leɛbar n IQ. Ittawi-dd belli din igran di tussna qqillten yewdan-nsen.
Ɛawed din amsawal x usistim n tɣuri, ma yettraḥ ihekkʷa, s lesbab n tettiknulujt, i daneɣ ibeddlen Axarres, minzi ass-a wer neqqim ca nɛeqqel x tmeslayin, nedwel n tgoogler-itent, La d abrid wer yeqqim ca yeḥwaj lxariṭa, nedwel nettkal x Navi. Asexdem n ttilifunat s waṭṭas yessenqes-aneɣ di Taynit, d ttbat. Maca manaya wer ixess ca ad yini belli neṭṭemmas, Maca ibeddel-aneɣ mamek nettxarres, d mamek nettfekka imxumbal-nneɣ.
Ameggar n wawal, nedwel wer dd-nettiwi ixef-nneɣ di IQ-Tests, minzi neṭṭemmas, maca minzi nedwelniɣis di ca n yegran waha, nebda ɛawed nettxarres mamek nniḍen. Tarezzut i yeqqaren belli Later n Flynn wer yeqqim, zeg ij n lxezrat-nneɣni. Nettaf-itt tbedd x ddsas wer yemtin, ya sseɛdun x drust n yewdan, niɣ tettwagg x ca n yegran waha n tiɣit. Aked n Later n Flynn, aṭṭas n trezzutin i yeqqarn belli tiɣisin ttmernint s tettiknulujt, iwdan ataf ad rnin ad iɣisen.


text:
LeRifain
Tekkes tmeqqrant n tmurt n New Zealand Jacinda Ardern deg wawal, bac ad tesmutti istayen (lintixabat) i ttuɣa ittxessan ad ttwaggent zeg wass n 19 zi cutanbir al 17 zi kṭuber i dd-yegguren. Manaya tegga-t lmujet n jjdid n ubirus n kuruna i yesɣumbaren i tmurt n Zilanda n jjdid.
Tenna Jacinda Ardern: « Asurif-a izemmar bac ad yewc lweqt i qeɛ ikabaren (l’aḥzab) bac ad ggen ddiɛaya i yestayen. Amen itticc lweqt i tyemmunt n yestayen bac ad tessewjed i min dd-yegguren ».
Tameqqrant n ukabar n Ixeddamen (Ẓelmeḍ n lwesṭ), wer tufi illa ad tesmutti istayen awarn i umi ikabaren smuttyen ddiɛaya i ttuɣa tteggen i yestayen, s ssibbet n ubirus i dd-iɛeqben ɣer tmurt-a i ttuɣa yeṭṭfen ixf-nnes, ttuɣa sskanen-dd ɣer-s s ufus di min tegga n ḥeṭṭu zeg ubirus n Covid-19.
Lmexzen n Zilanda n Jjdid, ibelleɛ tamdint n Auckland, i yellan d ijjten zi tneddam timeqqranin di tmurt-a. Al ass n lḥedd, abirus yeḍher-dd di 49 n yewdan, zegga i ɛdun 100 n wussan zeggami wer dd-ibin ula d ijjen yehlek s ubirus-a.
Tala: France 24


text:
qqebqebVB [qqebqeb]
être maigre; être coriace; être démuni d'influence, des moyens
Flexions qqebqebyeqqebqeb teqqbeqbemt ttqebqib yettqebqib tettqebqibemt qqbeqbeɣ neqqebqeb yeqqbeqben ttqebqibeɣ nettqebqib yettqebqiben qqbeqbet iqqebqeb qqbeqben ttqebqibet ittqebqib ttqebqiben teqqbeqbeḍ teqqbeqbem iqqbeqben tettqebqibeḍ tettqebqibem ittqebqiben qqbeqbemt teqqebqeb qqbeqbent ttqebqibemt tettqebqib ttqebqibent qqebqeb
Sources qqebqeb
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982


text:
Tasqamutt yekkaten ilmend n tlelli n Lwennas Ḥemzi d tin i d-yessawlen ar tikli n yiseɣ d ibeddi, azekka n lǧemɛa 05 Furar ɣef 13H00( Lweḥda) n uzal, akken agdud aqbayli ad d-ibeggen ibeddi-ines ar yidis, n gma-tesen, n mmi-tsen, acku Lounes ur yelli deg wacu yecceḍ, d tayri-ines ɣef teqbaylit i tyessawḍen ar lḥebs n lḥerrac.
I wesmekt Lwennas Ḥemzi yekcem ar lḥebs n Lḥerrac ass n lexmis 8 Tuber 2020, ugar n 4 waguren aya, s tuzmiwin-agi sɣur taɣdemt tazayrit » Asenquqel n tdukli taɣennawt tazayrit » d » Aheggi d useggem n umussu n ccwal », ɣas ulamma Lounes sbeɛden-t ɣef tmurt taqbaylit, maca ibugaṭuten-ines d wid i d-yettawin isallen fell-as, qqar-ed belli Lounes ur yekni ara, ur yefcil ara, yesla ɣef wayen akk xedmen fell-as imeɣnasen, Lounes yettraju ad yekker yakk wegdud aqbayli mači kan deg makuda, maca deg yal tiɣmert n tmurt taqbaylit.


text:
Tawilayt n Sidi Belɛebbas
Tawilayt n Sidi Belɛebbas d Tawilayt deg tmurt n Lezzayer. Zedɣen-tt 604 744 n yimezdaɣen. Ma d tajumma-ines tesɛa azal n 9 150,63 km². Tamanaɣt ines d tamdint n sidi Belɛebbas. Tawilayt-a tebḍa ɣef 15 n tdayriwin:
- Tadayra n Ɛin Lberd (Ɛin Lberd, Makedra (fr) , Sidi Brahim, Sidi Ḥemmaduc)
- Tadayra n Ben Badis (Ben Badis, Badredine El Mokrani (fr) , Chettouane Belaila (fr) , Ḥasi Zhana)
- Tadayra n Merḥum (Merḥum, Bir Lḥemmam, Sidi Cɛib)
- Tadayra n Mrin (Mrin, Wad Tawrira, Tafisur, Tawedmut)
- Tadayra n Mesṭafa Ben Brahim (Mesṭafa Ben Brahim, Belɛerbi, Tilmuni, Iẓerwalen)
- Tadayra n Mulay Slisen (Mulay Slisen, Ɛin Tindamin, Lḥeṣbeyya)
- Tadayra n Ras Lma (Ras Lma, Wad Ssbeɛ, Rǧem Demmuc)
- Tadayra n Sfizef (Sfizef, Aïn Adden (fr) , Buǧbeɛ Lburǧ, Msid)
- Tadayra n Sidi Ɛli Benyub (Sidi Ɛli Benyub, Buxanafis, Ṭabya)
- Tadayra n Sidi Ɛli Busidi (Sidi Ɛli Busidi, Ɛin Qada, Lemṭar, Sidi Deḥḥu Zzayer)
- Tadayra n Sidi Belɛebbas (Sidi Belɛebbas)
- Tadayra n Sidi Leḥsen (Sidi Leḥsen, Leɛmarna, Sidi Xaled, Sidi Yeɛqub)
- Tadayra n Ttlaɣ (Ttlaɣ, Ḍaya, Mezawru, Taɣalimt)
- Tadayra n Tnira (Tnira, Ben Ɛciba Celya, Ḥasi Deḥḥu, Wad Sefyun)
- Tadayra n Tsala (Tasala, Ɛin Trid, Shala Tawra)


text:
Tifert-ad nra gis ad tg yan ubaraz ma gh a nttarm, nmdi tamimt n tirra d tghri s tmazight. Nra gis, ad ur tg tmazight amr yan umnru ma f a nsawal, ngh ar ka fell-as nttara s tutlayin adni. Rad gis nml ma s tga tmazight tigmmi-ngh, ist akw nlsa, tls-agh. Tga imiss ma s a nmmal iswingimn d isyafatn-ngh. Tumrt-ngh, d ughiluf-ngh, tiwwargiwin-ngh d tillawt-ngh. S yan wawal, nra gis ad agh-tg, ng-tt. Nini sis mad akw nra.
Tazdayt n imazighn d tirra ur tgi tamaynut. Tga taqburt. Tut s izuran gh umzruy. Mach tazdayt-ad, ur bdda tsur f wawal amazigh. Tsker isutar-ns gh tutlayin adnin. Mayan ad ifan asitti n tmazight f usga. Ar tfttu aylligh tga tigigilt, tili yakw tudrt-ns gh umija. Imaratn imazighn, mqqar uran s tutlayin adni, ur a tggan ikhfawn-nsn, ur a tn-itssn yan is gan imazighn. Usin tamagit ur igin ti nsn.
Tifert-ad, terzem i ku yan, ad yara, nghd ad ighr s tmazight. Awsat-as s tirra-nnun, s iswingimn-nnun, s ufran-nnun. Tga tigmmi-nnun, aws-at-as ad tbit, tjujg, af ad ad st-yiri kuyan.
Ar bahra nssimghur mas Mohamed Akunad, amara amazigh amqran, da yran, s tugt n tayri, d tumrt ad irzm tifrt-ad. Anaruz-ngh ad gn imagradn-ns, d iswingimn-ns, asrag ad nn-nttarm tirra d tighri s tmazight nmdi tamimt-nsn.
Rédaction


text:
Tura-t: Tifraz gharmao
« Tamɣart tella ḥuma ad tili di taddart, tella ḥuma ad tessgem, ad teḥda lwacun-nnes, tamɣart ixessa ad teḍfar argaz d array-nnes…«
Ammu ira xzren yewdan n umaḍal ɣer temɣart manimma, deg wattas n tussniwin n midden ttwaran‑tt d azgen n wamun maca amcan-nnes awarni i wargaz , uca ca n yegduden d ca n tɣermiwin (civilisations) ira waxxa ttwaran ccan-nnes s wadday i wargaz, ttuɣa ɣer-s cwayt n tesɣart, am Imaziɣan, Imisryyin, Mestopamia. Ca n yegduden‑nneɣni ttwalant axmi d macina i tarwa d usgem waha.
Iḍa-, tamɣart teggur s isuraf mɣren ḥuma ad taf tamcant-nnes, tetteffeɣ ad texdem, tetticc array‑nnes di marra yegran, tedwer temqudda aked wargaz deg waṭṭas n tmura. Di ca n tmura aqqa‑tt ɛad tettemkabar ad teksi tilelli‑nnes tkmel. Ittɣima useqsi ameqqran: manis i d‑yekka manaya? mammek i dd‑yebda useḥqar n tamɣart ?
Ma d ddin i dd-yiwyyen izerfan i ssehwan zi ccan-nnes? Ma d ca n tɣermiwin am « Igrekiyen » d « Imsermen » i yefsaren izerfan‑nsen d timura iḥewssen, uca idwer umadal ɛrayen ismun aray-nnes x-as? ma « Macca » ra d nettat ɣer‑s ca n tɣuni aked tmeslayt-a ?
Deg wakud-a i di nella, tussna i ɣa niwweḍ d trezzutin n tentrupulujit (Anthropology) Tussniwin tinamunin(social sciences ), imussnawen ttmerqan x ijjen array. Qqaren iwdan imezwura ira mquddan. Ttuɣa wer ɣer‑sen mayemmi i ɣa bḍan jer wargaz d temɣart. Maca yemsar ijjen ubddel di tudert‑nsen min yejjin ad beddlent aṭṭas n tmeslayin, zag‑sent « Macca », d furma mamek ssegguran tagrawt.
Paleolithic d Tamɣart deg wakud n taymart d tayrawt n Macca ( Hunter-gatherer Era)
Axmi d tḥajit, d wakud rami iwdan lla ɛad wer da‑sen tewci tudert ad ssnen umi qqaren iklussay inamunen (social classes) niɣ ad ferzen di ccan n yewdan i ɣer‑sen yeqqnen, ira tmunen di tmesmunin d timzyanin, tteddren s drust n macca; min d- yemmaren d min d garrwen, ura d reḥwayj isexdamen ira udrusen, ssexdamen azru d ukeccud ḥuma ad qdan rhajet -nsen di tyemart niɣ heṭṭu n ixef‑nsen.
Tamɣart deg wakud-a ttuɣa-tt am wargaz, tettbeṭṭa lxedmet akid-s, tetteffeɣ tgarru lḥebb, lxuḍert, d ca n imukan ttuɣa-tt tyemmar lmal ameẓẓyan, tyemmar iselman. Asgem n iḥanjiren ttuɣa-t d ijjen tmeslayt ttemɛawanen dag‑s, tamesmunt amen tkmel, walli tayemmat weḥḥd-s. D aṭṭas n trezzutin ttwalant tamɣart nettat ira i ittfɣen trezzu aṭṭas x macca i yecnan i sseḥḥet n usegmi xmi ittili deg uɛeddis niɣ deg uṣuḍeḍ(1)
Ɣer uneggar, nzemmer ad nini qa tigrawin n yewdan deg wakud-a, tuɣa ddren s ttwiza jar‑asen, beṭṭan macca d wagla, mkul ijjen itteg ddur‑nnes ḥuma ad teqqim tagrawt‑nnsen tedder.
Neolithic… Akud I di nqelben igduden x temɣart !
Di rweqt-a , tawdanit ad taf ijjen tebridt‑nneɣni i mamek ɣa tedder. Isala Paleolithic i yellan d ijjen wakud yemɣer attas, ittadef‑dd awarn-as akuḍ n Neolithic ( Akud n weẓru n jjdid ). S tnayen ssexdmen dag‑sen iwdan aẓru ḥuma ad ggen leḥwayj-nsen n tyemmart d macca. Maca di Neolithic ad tebda taẓẓut, wer ttɣimin ca iwdan ad ɛaynen tamurt asen‑tewc macca, niɣ ad mmuttyen s wamunen rezzun x imukan i di tella tayemmart, suya ad bdan tteẓẓun igran d imeẓẓyanen, ad banent tudrin d ibilajen d imeẓẓyanen.
Beddu n teẓẓut 12,000 n isugassa zegami: ad beddlent aṭṭas n tmeslayin, ad idwel uterras irezzu a ɣer‑s tedwel tmurt, ad yessemɣer agla. Ad banent lexdayem‑nneɣni, ad bdan yewdan sxeddamen ayawya, ad idwel ddur n wargaz deg igran i yegg°jen. Tamɣart tetteg ccɣel n taddart tettḥetta iḥenjiren. Ḥuma aɣ-ac tili tmurt d wagla, ixess ad tegged ccan i yewdan ixecnen, izmmren ad rebḥen deg imenɣan akd igduden‑/tigrawin‑ nneɣni, niɣ inni izmmren ad ḥḍan tagrawt‑nsen. S uyenni igduden xerrsen deg usmɣer n tarrawt, mkul ma yemɣar lwacun, kurma ɣer‑s ẓẓhar a ɣer‑s yili agla yemɣer, ad iḥewwes igran mɣren, rexdenni manaya yedwel am inawayen (norms) d imaynuten x wakud n Paleolithic. Tamɣart ixess ad taru aṭṭas, ad tessgem iwdan gedren, ineymaren zemmren ad ffɣen deg imenɣan. Zi ssa ɣa tebda lxedmet n wargaz ɣer berra ɣer‑s ccan, akd lweqt, izerfan ad bdan ttneqlaben x temɣart cwayt cwayt, huma ad tedwel d tamɣart, ixess‑as ad tettwala tarwa d hettu n lwacun xir zi lexdyam‑nneɣni. Danita i d‑ɣa‑bdant tigrawin tteggent ddin‑nsent, tteqnent tudert n yewdan‑nsent s izerfan ɣer imiten (myths) mani yella argaz netta i yellan d ixef n wegdud, manaya marra ijj-d ijj n ḥajet qqaren-as asistim n tbabat ( Patriarchy )
Waxxa amezruy n yewdan yenneqleb amen yekmel deg wakud–a , s tegrawla n tafellaḥt, maca tamɣart tettwamneɛ zi tesɣart‑nes, tettwaṭṭef zeg ucrac deg wagla-ya am nettat am wargaz. Deg ijen trezzut n (Hansen et al -2012 ) teqqar: qa tegdudin i ɣa yella ijen umzruy yemɣer di tafellaḥt, ttwassnent s izerfan i yṭewren argaz netta xir zi tmɣart di lxedmet d upulitik.
Rami i d‑bdant tɣermwin ad banent, deg wakud n nḥass ( bronze age), bdant tneddam meqqrent, Idwel usexdem n lmeɛden deg umkan n weẓru. Tamɣart teqqim tettirar ijjen ddur d ameẓẓyan deg imezruyen, nessen aṭṭas x min ggin irgazen, maca drus i daneɣ dd‑yewḍen x min ggint temɣarin, inni ittilin x ixef n ddulat am Irumaniyen “Romans” niɣ Imaziɣen d argazen, yudrus mara ca n temɣart yura-dd x-as umezruy tedwel d tagellidt, ad naff Igrikiyen wer das-wcin ra d tasɣart ad tessiwel di pulitik, niɣ ad temlek tamurt, ira ttwaran‑tet am ca n ḥajet, itticc‑itt baba‑s d tameẓẓyant, manaya ad t-naf zi senni ɣer jjwar n Igrikiyen arami ɣer‑neɣ di iwweḍ ixḍer akd ddin deg idlisen imasiḥyin d i yenni n imselmen .
–
mara texssm ad tɣarem ktar
1 oxfordre.com
2 www.econ.ku.dk/
3 webpage.pace.edu/
4 www.newscientist.com


text:
Wid yewwin arrazen n tsekla d-tesuddus yal aseggas tesbeddit Tiregwa, taẓrigt 2972/2022
S tumert d yiseɣ meqqren ara d-nerr igemmaḍ n teẓrigt 2021-2022 n temsizeliyin n tsekla i d-tesuddus yal aseggas tesbeddit Tiregwa, gar-asen : Arraz Belɛid At Ʃli n tira n tullisin i d-yettillin seg 2012 ar ass-a, arraz Racid Ʃellic n wungal yufraren seg 2014 ar ass-a, arraz Ṭawes Ʃemruc yufraren seg 2020 ar ass-a akked warraz Furulu n tsekla n tmeddurt yufraren seg 2021 ar ass-a. I wesmekti, iswi n warrazen-agi, d asebɣes n wesnulfu d tira taseklant deg tmeslayt-nneɣ.
Arraz Racid Ʃellic n wungal yufraren, taẓrigt tis 8
Aseggas-a d tamarut Massika Touati i yuwin arraz Racid Ʃellic n useggas 2972-2022 s wungal-is “ZIRA ” i d-yeffɣen-di ctember 2021 ɣer tezrigin “IMAL”.
Massika Touati, seg Yimeẓalen di Bgayet tettaru idlisen d yeḍrisen n tsekla ladɣa deg tesɣunt taliktrunit TiziEvents.
Tura ungal-is amenzu “ZIRA” iyes tuwi arraz Racid Ʃellic n useggas-a.
Ayyuz i Massika Touati!
Arraz Belɛid At Ʃli, taẓrigt tis 9.
Taẓrigt tis 9 n Temsizelt n tullist yufraren i d-tesuddus Tesbeddit Tiregwa s tallelt n Tiddukla Tiwizi n Maṛṛikan. Iɛeggalen n tesqamut n yineẓrafen fernen-d :
- Arraz amezwaru: Samira Hocini s tullist-is “Anebdu n wurɣu”
- Arraz wis sin: Dalila Keddache, s tullist-is “Tineggas”
- Arraz wis kraḍ: Larbi Yahioun, s tullist-is “Wissen ma ad yali wass?”
Ayyuz !
Arraz Ṭawes Eemruc, taẓrigt tis 3.
Wid i d-yufraren aseggas-a deg Taẓrigt tis 3 n temsizzelt Ṭawes Eemruc n tsekla i yimeẓyanen i d-tesuddus Tesbeddit Tiregwa akked Tiddukla Tadelsant Tamaziyt n Maṛṛikan (ACAA):
– Arraz Ṭawes Amruc 0-5 iseggasen: Hamid Melaz, s wedlis-is “Tameɣra n wuccen “.
– Arraz Ṭawes Amruc 6-10 iseggasen: Larbi Yahioun, s wedlis-is “Briruc d yibiw yessewhamen “.
– Arraz Ṭawes Amruc 11-18 iseggasen: Fatima Gherab, s wedlis-is “Izem d yilef“.
– Arraz Ṭawes Amruc tisfifin n unuɣen (BD): Kamel Bentaha, s wedlis-is “Eeẓẓi akked Eezzul“.
Ayyuz !
Arraz Furulu (Mulud Ferɛun) n tsekla n tmeddurt, taẓrigt tis 2.
Taẓrigt tis 2 n temsizelt Furulu (Mulud Ferɛun) n tsekla n tmeddurt i d-tesuddus Tiregwa akked mass Yazid Djerbib tuwi-tt Massa Fadila Oulebsir n useggas 2972-2022 s wedlis-is “Ṭawes Ibelɛiden (1910-1959)” i d-yeffɣen deg 2021 ɣer tezrigin “Ccix Muḥend Ulḥusin”.
Fadila Oulebsir d taselmadt deg tesdawit n Bgayet. D tamnadit diɣen deg tsekla, tutlayt d tgemmi tamaziɣt deg ugezdu n tutlayt d yedles amaziɣ. Ɣer-s Magister deg tsekla tamaziɣt akked Maitrise deg tussniwin tisensegmanin. Tettheyyi dukṭura-ines ɣef yinaw asunti deg tira n tmeṭṭut taqbaylit.
Adlis-is iyes tuwi arraz Furulu, d ungal amazray i d-tuwin awal ɣef tmeɣrast Ṭawes Ibelɛiden seg At Mlikec yennuɣ mgal tamharsa tafransist. D isem i d-tesukkes seg yimi n tatut. Temmut deg useggas 1959 s walddun, taqendut i telsa imir-nni, yeflan s tersasin, mazal-itt ar ass-a, terra-tt Fadila Oulebsir d taduli n welis-is.
Ayyuz i Fadila Oulebsir !
AMAYNUT : Arraz Tiregwa n tsuqqilt, taẓrigt 1ut : 2972/2022
Tasbeddit Tiregwa tettkemmil s wesbeddi n warrazen n tsekla akken diɣen teggar azeṭṭa akked tdukliwin nniḍen yellan deg umaḍal. Amaynut n useggas-a, d win i d-illulen s tallelt n Tiddukla Agraw n yimeɣriyen iqbayliyen n Fransa, iswi-s ad tefkk afud i yiwet n tewsit nniḍen n tsekla, tagi d tin yurzen tira n tsuqqilt. Yuwi isem : “Arraz Muḥya”, d tajmilt i Muḥend Uyeḥya (1950-2004).
Deg taẓrigt tamenzut 2972-2022, arraz yettunefk i mass Ahmed Nekkar ɣef wayen akk yura d wayen d-yesuqqel ɣer teqbaylit. Adlis-is Yugar ucerrig tafawet» yuwi deg 2010 arraz Mouloud-Mammeri n wungal yufraren yuran s tmaziɣt.
Seg wayen d-yerra seg tefransist ɣer tagi-nneɣ yella wedlis «Rebelle» n Matoub Lwennas s wezwel «Asfel d uɣurru», «L’alchimiste» n de Paulo Coelho i yettwasuqqlen ɣer ugar n 80 tutlayin, «Alice au pays des merveilles» n Lewis Caroll, «La chèvre de Monsieur Seguin» n Alphonse Daudet, atg.
Anwa-t Ahmed Nekkar
Ḥmed Nekkar, ilul ass n 13 Meɣres 1955 di taddart Aɛfir, Lɛerc n wAt Selgem ittuɣalen ar temnaḍt n Delles di Bumerdas, tamurt n Leqbayel. Si mi yekfa taɣuri ines n tesnawit deg 1975 ikcem s temsizzelt s aɣerbaz n yimsudda Diduch Murad di Tizi-Wezzu.
Tawuri n leqdic-is d aselmad di teɣlift n usegmi. Uqbel ad iffeɣ ar teɣtast ( retraite) yeqdec d aselmad n uẓawan d solfège deg uɣerbaz alemmas seg 1990 armi d 2013 aseggas deg yeffeɣ taɣtast, syin yeldi axxam n teẓrigin n udlis umi yefka isem Tamagit di Tamda. Ass-a ittidir di leqruba n Tizi-Wezzu.
Ḥmed Nekkar d amedyaz, d amaru, d anagal n tsekla Taqbaylit tatrart. D yiwen si tgejda n yidles amaziɣ s wayen i d-yefka i tutlayt n tyemmat d wayen akk i d-yezzin ar twennaḍt n tsekla d yidles. D yiwen i yefkan tudert-is i yidles d tira n tsekla taqbaylit s taɣulin ines imgaraden, ama d tullisin, ungalen, tizrawin, tamedyazt, timucuha, amezgun, tisuqilin, almad n tutlayt …
Yefka-d lwelha-s ɣer tira n yimeẓyanen, ger yidlisen-a a naf:
Tageldunt, aqcic ijaḥen, taɣaḍt n Mass Seguin, taɣaḍt iččan tiwiztin, tamḥargiwt, inebgi n Ṛebbi, Alluca di tmurt n tirga… Mazal tiyiḍ ɣer sdat.
Iban-d s annar n tira deg yiseggasen n 90. Tira ines simmal tettnerni ɣer sdat. Amennuɣ ines d amecwar ɣɣezzifen, werǧin yeḥbis tira simmal ɣer sdat. Iswi n umennuɣ-is d aseḥbiber ɣef nnger n tmagit n Uqbayli d Umaziɣ s umata, si tira n wungalen ɣer teẓrigin Tamagit i d-iseẓrigen ass-a idlisen s tmaziɣt. Ar tura yura ugar 12 yidlisen s tɣulin yemgaraden.
Ayyuz i Ahmed Nekkar !
TANEMMIRT
Tasbeddit Tiregwa tesnmmer-iken seg wul ɣef ufus n tallelt d-tefkam i yisenfaren-is.
Tanemmirt i tesqamut yinezrafen; Tanemmirt i yemyura yettekkin ama s yeḍrisen neɣ s yedlisen d-tuznen;
Tanemmirt i wid d tid d-yefkan afus s tedrimt; Tanemmirt i tddukliwin d yemdanen akkud neddukel akken ad naẓẓ ugar ɣer sdat;
Ottawa, 03 deg ɣuct 2022.
Tasbeddit Tiregwa
.


text:
Mahelet yid-nneɣ
Imeskaren
Yal aseggas, deg ahil n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa, adlis yettaṭaf amḍiq agejdan. Ahil n teẓrigin n Usqamu yettuɛeggen gar yennayer d furar, ɛla ḥsab n yisenfaren d-yettawḍen. Iseggasen-agi ineggura, nnig n yedlisen n tsekla (tamedyazt, tullist, ungal d umezgun), Asqamu yefka azal meqqren i tezrawin d yimawalen acku d tiwsatin-agi i teḥwaǧ ugar tutlayt n tmaziɣt. Ihi, tag-i d tiɣri i yimeskaren, isdawanen d yimnadiyen iwakken ad d-aznen ɣer Usqamu imahilen-nsen deg ayen yerzan tasekla (ladɣa ungal), amawal, tizrawin di yakk iḥricen n tussa. Nnig n waya, asqamu yesuffuɣ-d snat n tesɣunin : Timmuzɣa (s kraḍ n tutlayin) akked Tamaziɣt Tura (s tutlayt tamaziɣt). Iḍrisen-nwen sɛan amkan-nsen deg tisɣunin-agi.
Imciwren
Iwakken ad yaweḍ iswi-ines agejdan n tririt nwazal i tutlayt d yidles n tmaziɣt, Asqamu unnig n Timmuzɣa yeldi tiwwura-ines i yimusnawen d yimnadiyen deg uḥric ussnan n tmaziɣt iwakken ad ttekkin deg wahil n tezrawin d yinadiyen d-isebded Usqamu, di yal tintaliwin n tmaziɣt, i tneflit d usmil n timmuzɣa di Lezzayer..
Yal aseggas, Asqamu yeggar-d tiɣri i yimussnawen-agi iwakken ad d-gen tizrawin di kra n yeḥricen yettwafernen yakan sɣur tasqamut tussnant n HCA. D tasqamut-agi ara tt-igezmen di rray ma yella umahil ad yettwasiẓreg neɣ ala.
Tig-i d amedya n kra n tezrawin d-yeffɣen yakan sɣur Asqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa iseggasen-agi yezrin. Tuget deg-sent ad tent-afem deg temkarḍit tumḍint yella deg usmel n Usqamu.
Tidukliwin
Seg asmi d-ilu, Asqamu yezga ɣer tama n tidukliwin iqeddcen ilment n usmil d usenfali n tilawt n tmaziɣt di Lezzayer, annect-a yella yakan gar tuɣḍaḍ-ines. Ayen d-tefka tsuddut-nneɣ i umussu asduklan, yesɛan isenfaren, yettbini-d deg unnar s tukci tedrimt yal aseggas akked uwelleh deg usemhel d usneḍru n wahil-ines.
Iwakken tidukla ad d-sfaydi s tedrimt n Usqamu, ilaq fell-as ad d-tessers akaram ummid ɣur imeẓla-nneɣ. Akaram ilaq ad yili deg-s :
Araten yellan deg ukaram
- Asuter tedrimt n lemɛawna tettwazmel sɣur aselway n tidukla ;
- Asɛaned n tesriḥ ;
- Asɛaned n uẓayer n tidukla yettwazemlen sɣur anaray n tdukliwin n lwilaya ;
- Ahil n tigawt n useggas yettwaqeblen deg ugraw amatu n tidukla ;
- Asɛaned n PV yettɛegginen lkumisir n yimiḍanen ;
- Aqbal n lmanda sɣur lkumisir n yimiḍanen ;
- Tacrawt n yineḍruyen d tedrimt n useggas yezrin yettwaḥbes ɣer 31 duǧember, yettwaqeblen deg ugraw amatu ;
- Aneqqis n usenqed n kumisir n yimiḍanen yettwaḥbes ɣer 31 duǧember n useggas yezrin ;
- Uṭṭun n umiḍan n lbanka neɣ n tnazzant.
GT : Akaram ilaq ad yili ɣef semus n yisɛanaden.
Icriken
Asqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa iɛewwel ad yezmel aseggas-a aṭas n yimtuwa n umahil akked tisuddutin tussnanin, tisedwalin akked tidelsanin yerzan anadi d usileɣ akked umbaddel n termitin deg uḥric n useddu n yinadiyen d tezrawin ɣef tmaziɣt, akked diɣen s usuddes n yirmad lwaḥi.
Iswiyen n yimtuwa d asizmer n umedhel deg yeḥricen-agi :
- Asiẓreg n tezrawin timaziɣin ;
- Aseḍru n tezrawin d yinadiyen yerzan aselmed n tutlayt d yidles n tmaziɣt ;
- Asewjed n wahilen n uselmed, d yiwfusen d wallalen ididaktiyen ;
- Asemres n titiknuluǧiyin n yisalan d taywalt i unadu d uselmed ;
- Ambaddel n termitin d tzemmar deg uḥric n tira ;
- Tazrawt ɣef useqɛed n tmawalit deg uḥric n tmaziɣt ;
- Ambaddel n waraten.


text:
Bucuf
Bucuf (Isem usnan: Tripodion tetraphyllum) d talmest n yemɣi seg twacult n Fabaceae (fr) . Jules Pierre Fourreau (fr) d amdan amezwaru i yuran fell-as deg useggas n 1868.
Tilmas[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ismawen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Isem-is s latinit: Tripodion tetraphyllum
- Isem-is s tefransist: Anthyllide à quatre feuilles
- Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit:
- Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt:
Isseqdac[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tiwelhiwin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ 'Imɣan n Tensawt - Plantes de Kabylie ' - Saïd Zidat - Editions Innexsys, Luxembourg, Avril 2016 ISBN 978-99959-0-205-6 www.imghantensawt.lu


text:
Aɣlan
Wa d tukkist seg usarag i d-yefka Ernest Renan ass n 11 meɣres 1882 deg tesdawit taparizyanit n La Sorbonne.
Aɣlan d iman, d tigejdit taruḥanit. Snat n tɣawsiwin, deg tidet, i d-ibennun iman-a, tigejdit-a taruḥanit.
Yiwet attan deg zik, tayeḍ tezdeɣ tura. Yiwet tessezdi imdanen s waṭas n yismektiyen i yesɛan, tayeḍ d lebɣi n tura, d lḥir n tudert akken jmiɛ, d lebɣi n ukemmel n werfad s igenni ayen i ɣ-d-ǧǧan imezwura yessezdi-aɣ. Amdan, ay imdanen, ur d-yesnulfu ara. Aɣlan am wemdan, d leqrar n waṭas n leqrun n leɛtab,n yiseflan, n tayri. Taẓẓalit i yimezwura d azref ur nezmir ad t-yekkes yiwen; d lejdud i ɣ-d-ifeṣṣlen akken nella akka tura. Amezruy, irgazen, iseɣ is-s ara nzuxx, d wi i d sɛaya n yemdanen akken ad snernin tikti n weɣlan-nsen. Amezruy i ɣ-yessizwiɣen udmawen-nneɣ i ɣ-yezdin seg zik, lebɣi i ɣ-icerken akka tura, asbeddi n temsal timeqranin s tiwizi, lebɣi n ukemmel seg webrid-a, atan d acu ilaqen i waken ad nili d aɣref. Nettzuxxu s leɛtab i neɛteb, s ideddicen i ɣ-iqerḥen. Nḥemmel axxam i d-nebna, win ara-d-neǧǧ i yineggura. Ccna n Sparte: “Aql-aɣ d ayen tellim, ad nili d ayen tellam”, ɣas akken d afessas, d netta i d imseɣret n yal tamurt.
Zik, d ttrika n zzux d ndamat i ɣ-yezdin, azekka d yiwen n webrid ara nawi, lqerḥ, taḍsa, tirga i ɣ-yesdukkulen, atan wayen yifen assezdi n ladwan d tlisa i sbeddent tikta tistratijiyin; atan wayen nfehhem ɣas nemxallaf deg ccetla d tmeslayt. Nniɣ-d seglinna: “lqerḥ i ɣ-yesdukklen”; ih, lqerḥ yesdukkul ugar n lferḥ. Ladɣa ismektiyen n tmura, leɣbayen ifen nezzeh lerbaḥ, axaṭer ttḥettimen-aɣ ad nili ɣer yidis n tmurt, slalayen-d tadukli gar-aneɣ.
Aɣlan, ihi, d tiwizi meqqren, i d-yettlalen seg yiseflan i nefka d wid daɣen ara nefk sya d asawen. Aɣlan yeḥwaǧ iḍelli, dacu kan assa yeḥwaǧ yiwet n tɣawsa s wazal-is: aqbal d lebɣi n tidet n ukemmel n tudert jmiɛ. Amdan yessefk ad iwekked tudert-is yal ass, akken daɣen aɣlan, tudert-is d tifranin n yal ass. Deg usettef n tekta i wen-d-mliɣ, aɣlan ur yugar agellid deg wezref ad s-yinin i taddart “Kemm d ayl-aw, ad kem-awiɣ”. Ɣer-nneɣ, taddart d imezdaɣ n weɣlan, axaṭer ma yella win yessefk ad ncawer deg taluft-a d amezdaɣ, d netta i ilan azref. Aɣlan weǧin deg lfayda-s assezdi neɣ tuṭtfa n tmurt sennig wul-is. Lebɣi n tmura, ulac akk ayen nniḍen, d netta kan i d llsas, d netta kan iɣer yessefk ad d-nettuɣal yal tikelt.
(…)
Ad siwezleɣ awal, ay atma. Amdan ur yelli d akli n ccetla-s, n tutlayt-is, neɣ n ddin-is, n wamek ttazalen isaffen neɣ amek i bedden idurar. Tirect n yemdanen, s wallaɣ-is iṣeḥḥan d wul-is yeḥman, txelleq-d yiwen rruḥ umɛin, nefka-as isem n weɣlan. Skud rruḥ-a umɛin yesbanay-d afud-is s yiseflan i yettḥettimen i wemdan ad yeknu i tirect, dɣa ɣer-s azref ad yili, ad ibedd. Ma yella cekk ɣef tlisa-s, ciwret imezdaɣ iɣef tettnaɣem. Ɣers-sen azref ad d-inin awal-nsen deg taluft. Atan d acu ara d-yesseḍsen imeqranen-a n tsertit, wid akken ur nɣelleḍ ara ɣas akken tudert-nsen yakk d tuccḍa, s tinzert-nsen seglalzen akal-nneɣ deg lqaɛa. “Ad tciwrem imezdaɣ, aha ziɣ! Atenta daɣen tikta-nni tiḍeɛfanin n Fransa i yebɣan ad ibeddlen ssyasa d lgirra s ttawilat iḥerfiyen am irellucen n warrac imecṭaḥ.” Rǧut, ay atma, anfet-as i leḥkem-a n isertiyen i ɣ-d-yettwalin akka sufella; eyyaw ad nissinet ad nqabel tamḥeqranit n wid iǧehden. Ahat sdeffir mi ara nessalay nesṭaray mebla ma newweḍ ɣer kra imeɛnen, ad d-nuɣal ɣer tfessassin-nni i nessen zik. Abrid is-s ara nesɛu lḥeqq azekka, deg kra n tsaɛtin, yessefk ad nissin ad nuɣal ɣer teqdimin. »
Assuqel: Berkus Tiwal.


text:
Musa
Musa (s taeibrit: מֹשֶׁה Moce Mošé, s teerabt: موسى, Mūsā), iga yan ɣ mmis niɣd nbi yan ɣ immisn, yackat tigira ns Eisa d Muḥmmad, yawid yan udllis lli mmu nttini tawrat. Inna mast id izzukz Rbbi f uɣrf n ait israyil. Tga tadyant ns yat ɣ tidyanin tiqburin lli mmu nttini Tudayt. Imtfrn n Musa llan ɣ kraygat tasga n umaḍal. Mac yan ugzzum gitsn ira ad yurri s tmazirt tamzwarut n Musa lli igan Israil d Filisṭin.
Izdayn n brra[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- (fr) Amzruyn n imasn n Musa d uɣrf n n israil yurat Joseph Salvador
- (fr) Musa tabbayt n il d udlis wi-ssin
- (fr) Musa d udllis ns wi-ssin d usmmaql f umzruy gr Nil dl Urdun yurat André Lemaire.


text:
Abdessamad Zeryouhi
Diskutikat di Fransa ixessa ad belɛen 4 n simanat i dd-yegguren. Rni ɣer-s ad ziyyaren lqanun i yeqqnen ɣrr tkumam di ssekwilat.
D manaya i yenna uwzir amzewaru n Fransa Jean Castex. Aẓiyyar-a ad ggen ḥuma d sneqsen zeg ubirus n corona.
Abeleɛ n ddiskutikat ad yrbda ass n jjemɛa 10 dujembir. Ɛlaḥsab lwizara n usxinctar ca n 1200 n ddiskutikat i ɣa yeccen tikti s lqanun-a n jdid.
Maca lḥukuma Tafransist a kid-sen teswiza ḥuma wer ssazayen.
Lxedmet zi laggᵒaj (home office)
Zi lux d tsawent ixessa ra d iḥenjiren imeẓyanen ad teggen tikumam di lemraḥ n ssekwila.
Maca wer ttbeliɛen ca ssekwilat ij n umalas zzat i lkunji n tjarst am mamec ggin di Biljik.
Ɛawed yenna Castex ixessa ccarakat ad sxedment ixeddamen zi taddart mecḥal ma zemmerent. Rni ɣer-s tisineft wis 3 i rezzun ad ggen i waṭṭas n yewdan.
Ifransisen i ɣer yella kṭer zi 65 n iseggʷusa zemmeren ad ggen tisineft-a wis 3 bla assejel.
Tisinaf i imeẓẓyanen
Ra d iḥenjiren d tḥenjirin i ɣer illa jer 5 d 11 n iseggusa zemmern ad ggen tisinaf. Ar lux ja tteggen tisinaf i iḥenjiren i di yella lehlak waha.
Lqanun-a n jjdid wer yewɛar am wrnni i ggin di lmujat yeɛdan. Inna uwzir amezwaru Castex: Rux walli ca d akud n ubelleɛ, lqanunat ixsa ad irin am mamec yella lḥal.
Tala: hln.be/


text:
AmennuY umaziY si 1949 ar 2001 irfed it Uqvayli. Γef yisem n ImaziYen d tirni i immeslay, i issuY xas akken nutni ur asen nesli ara aṭas aṭas. Ula d tafsut is n 80 issawal-as Tafsut ImaziYen.
Aqvayli iḥsa d akken amezruy d iẓuran sduklen-t netta d ImaziYen nniḍen u ihsev iten d atmaten. Urjjin issuter kra i yiman is ijja ten nutni. Izga issidir di tirga t ijjan, t ifuten ass mi illan ak ImaziYen ttmeslayen yiwet n tmeslayt. Tallit n ugellid Masensen neY n mmi-s Yugurten. Ulac tin ur yuqim ara akken ad d-yerr ussan nni n yiseY. Iruḥ am akken ittu ayen nniḍen. D aya kan id-illan gar wallen-is.
Si tafsut taverkant d wayen iḍran d Iqvayliyen, isuḍ-ed waḍu n tnekra. Tlul-ed tmuYli nniḍen. Am akken yuki uqvayli d yiman-is. Ivda ihi Uqvayli ameslay Yef yiman is. Ildi allen is iwala tilawt. Issali-d imussuten n timanit d unavaḍ uâḍil.
Assa nedda amecwar. Nuẓa aṭas ar zdat almi nessutur azarug i tmurt nneY.
Maca tanekra yagi neY aveddel n tmuYli n Uqvayli tḥuza ImaziYen nniḍen. Am tiYri deg ifri, tettara aYlaYal. Ḥusen i yiman nsen ImaziYen nniḍen am akken iman nsen id-qqimen. Imi Aqvayli ilha d yiman is, ulac win ittmeslayen fell asen. Dacu ara uqmen tura ihi? Ad ssusmen, ulamek! Ad qqimen ulamek!
Imi deg iqerray nsen teẓẓa yagi taâeqqayt umennuY imi zgan ttmuqulen deg Uqvayli mi ittnaY, refden ula d nutni avrid umennuY Yef yiman nsen. Innulfa-d umussu n timsmit ar Icawiyen d win Icelḥiyen d win Irrifiyen. Ekkren Imẓaviyen diYen ad erren tiyita i Icâembiyen iten ikkaten aṭas ayagi. D Itargiyen kan ur nerjji yiwen. Aṭas aya d nutni d aveckid Yef tmurt nsen.
Aqvayli ihi xas ilha d yiman is assa, issaweḍ ijved ar zdat ImaziYen s umata. Iḥars iten ad izmiren i yiman nsen. Idegger iten ar timanit xarttum deg umennuY Yef izarfan d iYerfan nsen.
ZiYen tezmreḍ ad teṭfeḍ afus i umdan xas tezziḍ as s uârur.


text:
nneḥneḥVB [nneḥneḥ]
pousser de petits grognements de mécontentement ou d'inquiétude; toussoter pour avertir
Flexions nneḥneḥtettneḥniḥemt yettneḥniḥ ttneḥniḥ tennḥenḥemt yenneḥneḥ ttneḥniḥent tettneḥniḥ ttneḥniḥemt nnḥenḥent tenneḥneḥ nnḥenḥemt ittneḥniḥen tettneḥniḥem tettneḥniḥeḍ innḥenḥen tennḥenḥem tennḥenḥeḍ ttneḥniḥen ittneḥniḥ ttneḥniḥet nnḥenḥen inneḥneḥ nnḥenḥet yettneḥniḥen nettneḥniḥ ttneḥniḥeɣ yennḥenḥen nenneḥneḥ nnḥenḥeɣ nneḥneḥ
Sources nneḥneḥ
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982


text:
La toponymie dans deux communes de Kabylie Boudjima-Larebaa nait Iraten
Date2015
Author
BOUBCHIR, KHELOUDJA
GHEZLAOUI, LOUIZA
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Abstract
Iwakken tutlayt n tmaziɣt ad tesɛu azal-is di tmurt, ilaq ad yili leqdic fell-as d unadi deg yeḥricen yemxalafen ladɣa di tesmedga, acku tesɛa azal d ameqqran deg umezruy, d anecta i yeǧǧan Mulud At Mɛemmer deg useggas n 70 isḥaṛcen inelmaden-is iwakken yal yiwen deg-sen ad yaru ismawen n temnaḍin i deg zedɣen neɣ i deg d-kkren, maca ugar n yismawen-agi yella deg-sen lexṣaṣ imi ilaq ad yili unadi ɣef umawal nsen d uẓar-nsen ansi i d-kkan, d aya i aɣ-yeǧǧan ad d-negmer amud di temnaḍin : Bujima, Larbɛa nat yiraten. Deg ukatay-agi-nteɣ, nemeslay-d ɣef yismawen n yidgan (toponymie = tasmedga) di snat n tɣiwanin id nebder yakan. Di tezwert tamatut, newwi-d awal ɣef wayen ixedmen imusnawen deg wayen yeɛnan tasmegda di tmurt n tmazɣa ladɣa di tmurt n Lezzayer. Iwakken ad nexdem tazrawt n yismawen n yidgan nefka-d tmukrist ɣef leṣnaf n yismawen n snat n temnaḍin-agi, amek ulɣen d unamek n yal isem. Nefka-d kra n turdiwin d ufran n usentel d wamek neṣṣaweḍ ad d-negmer amud-agi nteɣ di temnadin-nni. Ar taggara, nejmeɛ-d azal n 235 yismawen ama d iḥerfiyen ama d uddisen. Deg wammud, nufa: 146 d iherfiyen, 89 d uddisen. Deg uḥric amezwaru, nga tasleḍt talɣawit i yismawen n yidgan, nesken-d taɣessa-nsen d wamek bnan: - Tewsit: sumata isem yesɛa snat n tewsatin, unti d umalay. - Amḍan: yesɛa sin n leṣnaf asuf d wesget. -Addad: ad naf deg-s addad ilelli d waddad amaruz. -Ismawen isuddisen -Ismawen isuddimen -Ismawen iṛeṭṭalen Ma deg yixef wis sin, nga tasledt tasnamkayt i yismawen n yidgan, ad nwali amek ulɣen s ubrid n unamek. Dagi, nga tafelwit, nbeggen-d anamek n yismawen d wansi ay dkkan. S unadi-agi-nnteɣ nessaram ahat llan yismawen imaynuten I d-nerna ɣer umawal n tutlayt n tmaziɣt d usmekti n wid yettwattun, imi tazrawt-agi d tin ara yernun ɣer tid yezwaren d tid i d-iteddun iwakken ad nesnerni di tezmart n tutlayt n tmaziɣt.


text:
Tga tunnunt yat tegrumma n iluɣma ifekkanen ttuganin s talɣa n wuraren imyuwnen neɣ inegrawen nna ẓḍarnin ad gen asentel n imsizwaren. Tga tunnunt yat tumant tamaḍlant g kraygat azmez d kraygat ansa g mi ittidir ufgan. Ittubdar mas ittufka wazal i tunnunt g Ugrik azayku, Ruma tazaykut, Biẓanṭa, ataram n uzmez anammas d uzmez atrar, d awed g Temrikt tazerkulumebt d Tazit. Ittyibdir mas llan ula izmaz nna g llan igeddulen.
IsenmalEdit
AmezruyEdit
Tasnanawt: Tiẓlayin timanuninEdit
Assurtey amagnuEdit
Assurtey ɣef tsaɣult ɣer wuraren iwlumpiyenEdit
Tasniman d tdusiEdit
TimersalEdit
Tademsa n tunnuntEdit
Tunnunt d tmettiEdit
Tunnunt d wantirnitEdit
Tisaɣulin d issektitenEdit


text:
- الرئيسية قسم
Asasu asklan wis sin g Anfa
am ku imalass, tfld daɣ tafukt n umsagar g usasu asklan wiss sin. tikklit ad yiwḍ aɣ d yan uɣblu d ikkan adrar, swan d akk gis isura n tskla d tussna d idls amaziɣ. g tidt ass ad ur iga am ussan, asasu ad ur iga am isasutn lli zrinin.
nttan d amɣar d unmɣur, swa ɣ mad iẓlin s usnflul ula taɣnsa, ad t igan d mass Mohammed Akounad. issnti aɣ takccumt nns s usqqsi lli adlli ifka i ixf nns g tzwuri, max ad ur naqqra ar nttara s tutlayt nnɣ? isawl aɣ xf tirmit nns, mklli isawl xf tirmit n wiyyaḍ, ilmma izri ifk yan usmmaql xf ungal nns wiss sin ijjign n tidi.
fad ad iddu ɣr ungal amggaru lli adlli igan awttas, ungal ad lli d yiwin xf ummukris n ilf di tmura nnɣ. Bihi waycun nttan d awrik anammas g ungal ad, ittyamaẓ g ubnniq acku icca ilf, ukan issn g ubnniq yan umddakkl lli as isnfln taɣarast n uswingm lli tt inn dars ikkan. lliɣ d iffaɣ, yan wass iwi d anɣmis mas tskr tmɣart nns taffugla, ira ad tt inɣ acku yiwi d yat taydyulujit ihrcn g ubnniq, s iwwarga is as tumẓ innas afus, iḍr nit ur d inkr ar asgganfu, fad ilmma ad d iwrri s waddad nns lli ɣ tt inn adlli ikka. ungal ad isawl xf isntal isrtann d iɣrfann, yadd nn kigan g ummukris n wakal d ilf.


text:
« Aɛraben ttsemman-ayi Lkahina, niɣ tagezzant, ssnen ila qa ssawaleɣ-dd ɣer-wen d kenniw tettslam-ayi, qqimen reẓmen aqemmum minzi ufin ijjen temɣart [am nec] tetteḥkam x-awem, minzi timɣarin ttuɣa ttemnuzat di leswaq n tayya. Nitni ɣer-sen, taḥenjirt tasebḥant d sselɛet waha, wer ɣer-s bu lḥeqq ad tessiwel, niɣ a ɣer-s isell ḥedd. Tamɣart taḥurriyt tessagg°ad-iten, nec ɣer-sen d cciṭan ».
Ina d iwalen i yura umari Agzayri Kateb Yasin s yiles n tjellidt Dihiya. I dd-yeydar deg wungal-nnes « Nedjma » i dd-iffɣen deg useggas n 1956.
Aṭṭas n wawal i yemsaren x Dihya, awal-nni tudef dag-s tadyulujit. Aɛraben rrin-tt d cciṭan, ssiwlen x-as axmi d tagezzant, tesxeddam jjnun deg imenɣan-nnes. Axmi nettat tus-d kunṭra i yemselmen d Lislam. Ar mani i dd-faqqen Imaziɣen s ixef-nnsen. Wcin addur i testahell, minzi tteḥsaben-tt d icten tused-dd ḥuma ad temneɣ x tmurt-nnes d wagdud-nnes.
Maca qa Dihiya, maci ɣir d tajellidt waha, nettat d Tamɣart x iɛeskriyen i ixelfen ajellid Aksil. Teḥkem x Imaziɣen d Tmazɣa. Teɣza isem-nnes di tefray n umezruy, merra inni i x-as yurin, nnan x-as belli tbedd deg wudem n iḥewwasen d iɣes n tmijja.
Min teɛna Dihya ?
Teẓra Dihya (niɣ Tihiya, Damiya) tfawt n tudert aseggas n 585. Deg wakud mani tlul nettat wer din bu ttuɣi ca n igmiren deg wafrika n yeẓẓlmeḍ. Amkan-a ttuɣa dag-s tiqebbal d timeqqranin ameknaw Iẓnagen, Iznaten d Imesmuden. Tiqebbal-a tina tesmuna-tent Tmaziɣt. Maca tiqebbal-a tina ttuɣa saqarent-id ddewal-nnsent i ibedden deg wudem n Irumaniyen d Ibiẓantiyen d Ivindaliyen.
Imerzuten wer ssinen bu aṭṭas x temẓi n Dihiya; maca ca zzag-sen ttwalan ila Dihya tegga ijjen ufurmasyu n tarwa n Imɣaren. Afurmasyu n lɛesker d wenni n tussna. Manaya i tt-yejjin ad tekkusu (ad tewret) leḥkam x baba-s, ad tili d Tamɣart x Ijrawen.
Wer issin ḥedd man tadeyyant i ttuɣa ɣer-s ɣa Dihya; ca iqqar qa ttuɣa-tt d tudayt, ḥedd iqqar belli d tapagant (païenne). Texlef ajellid Aksil x Imaziɣen, aseggas n 680, ittsemma wami ttuɣa ɣer-s 95 iseggasen. Amkan mani ttuɣa ttettbedda kunṭra n Iḥewwasen netta d « Xencela » Di Legzyer n yiḍ-a.
Imerzuten deg umezruy qqaren ila tiqebbal Timaziɣin msetfaqent ad rrent « Dihya » ad tili d tamɣart x-asen. Zegga i yemmut ajellid Amaziɣ « Aksil ». Di leɛwayed n Imaziɣen tiqdimin ttuɣa yettili ijjen useqqim, xeṭṭaren dag-s deg useqqim-nni Amɣar i ɣa yilin d jjdid.
Ben Xeldun yeqqar « Tekker deg Wafrika timessi, Imaziɣen msebḍan, aṭṭas n yemɣaren i ttuɣa yellan, maca Dihya yelli-s n Matya mmi-s n Tifan, tajellidt n Awars d nettat i ttuɣa ɣa yellan ccenɛet d tameqqrant x weydud-nnes, Ijrawen d yemɣaren-nnsen ».
Tizemmar-nnes i iqesḥen, d twessaf-nnes d uweqqar i das-tticen Imaziɣen, yejj-itt ad tesmun Imaziɣen adu ubeḥrur-nnes maḥend ad tbedd deg wudem n Irumaniyen d Waɛraben.
Ca n idlisen n umezruy qqaren ila qa Dihya tegga aṭṭas n imenɣan tsug x Irumaniyen, Aɛɛraben d Ibizanṭiyen, ḥuma ad dd-terr timura n Imaziɣen i iḥewwsen deg umeggaru n lqern wis setta.
Amenɣi amezwaru aked Ḥassan Ben Nnuɛman
Umi teṭṭef Dihya leḥkam manaya yus-d aked leḥkam n Ɛebdelmalek Ben Merwan, i ttuɣa yexsen ad iḥewwes timura i wer yellint ca d timeslmin. Uca ixḍar Ḥassan Ben Nnuɛman, ḥuma ad iḥewwes Afrika n yeẓẓlmeḍ, iwweḍ ɣer temdint n Lqirawan. Iwseq senni Ibizanṭiyen, uca ixes ad immutti ɣer tmura i xef tetteḥkam Dihya. Umi tesla Dihya ila ljic n Ḥassan qa yeggur-dd, tuzzel maḥend ad tesnufsel tamdint n Xencla, zeg uḥewwas n Arruman, tewseq-iten senni, uca terdel iɣbarawen-nnes ḥuma wer dag-sen ttnuffuren Aɛɛraben i dd-yusin.
Deg useggas n 693, Dihya tegga ijjen umenɣi aked ljin n Ben Nnuɛman di Bgayet. Din i t-terẓa, tessufeɣ-it zi Tunes d Tripoli. Ar mani ibedd di temdint n Berqa di jjihet n Libiya ittraja ad t-ɛawnen Imawiyen.
Dihya : Wcet-aneɣ Lislam, ffɣem kenniw
waxxa amenni, Dihya wer tenwi ca ad treddej timura n Imselmen, wer tḥidi qqaɛ Lqirawan d imezdaɣ-nnes, wer ten-tenɣi ca, wer zzag-sen terri lḥal x min ggin waɛɛraben di tmurt-nnes.
Awern-as ; tejja Tamezɣa adu fus-nnes ca n xemsa iseggusa, din wi yeqqaren ass-a belli ttuɣa leḥkam-nnes ittakk°aḍ-dd zi Lmuɣrib ar Libiya.
Amec ttɛawaden imerzuten deg umezruy, ttuɣa tettemsurruf mliḥ aked inecraf n waɛɛraben, tesnufesl-asen merra. Maca tejja ijjen waha, ttuɣa qqaren-as Xalid Ben Yazid Lqaysi, i terra d mmi-s, idder aked tarwa-nnes. Ca zeg imerzuten n umezruy qqaren ila d netta i ttuɣa ittcekkmen x Dihya i aytma-s aɛɛraben.
Waxxa Dihya tiweḍ ad tsbedd iḥewwasen aɛɛraben xemsa iseggusa, maca waxxa amenni tiweḍ ad tessen ila aqqa gguren-dd ɛawed ad ḥewsen tamurt. Zi senni tfekker umi ittwasemma « tamurt ikemḍen ». Tegga manaya, minzi tumen ila aqqa aɛraben usin-d ḥuma ad akren igelwan n tmurt, a ten-sekfen. Ɛemmers Dihya i ma teqbel ila qa aɛɛraben usin-d ḥuma ad fesren ddin ameslem, suya ttuɣa tenna : « Mala tettɣilem ila qa tewweym-dd tabrat zi Rebbi, hiwa wwcem-aneɣ-tt, tɛeqbem manis i dd-tusim ».
Tastratijit n tmurt ikemḍen
Tewca Dihiya iwarditen ḥuma ad qessen ticejjura, ad redlen iɣebrawen, ad sskemḍen tibeḥḥar. Imaziɣen ila ttɣilen ila tajellidet-nnsen tebbuhli. Manaya yejja Imaziɣen ad msebḍan, min isḍeɛfen Dihya, yejj-itt ad terreẓ deg umenɣi-nnes wis tnayen.
Naḍar Landalusi tessiwel x manaya tenna : « Mala nxes a nessiwel x tecli i tewwya Lkahina aked waɛɛraben, nzemmer a x-as nini ila nettat d tajellidt maca di twalat d icten tettegg iplanuten i imseksiten-nnes, tettili x yixef n ljic-nnes. Ittban-dd ila tbedd deg wudem n iḥewwasen s idammen d wuzzal, ar ameggaru qaɛ, iwdan ttuɣa merra ttweqqren-tt. S tidet tesskmeḍ merra igelwan i tuɣa di ḍemmɛen waɛɛraben, maca umi i tt-nɣin, inni tt-iḍfaren mreddajen ».
Nɣin Dihiya deg umenɣi n « Anu n Lkahina » aseggas n 701, zegga i tbedd deg wudem n waɛɛraben, tugi ad terwel, ad tennuffer deg idurar.
Mamec i nɣin Dihya xenni ?
Qessen azellif-nnes, sekken-tt ɣer Dimaceq. Tamenɣiwet-a taɛeffant i das-ggin ɣir ḥuma ad rren lḥarr zeg ijjen temɣart tenna-asen « lla », tesqas aɛɛraben tareẓẓit.
« aqqa imenɣan i ggint temɣarin deg umezruy ttuɣa maci xsent ad ḥewwsent anict i xsent ad nnezbyent, Dihya maci tettegg amenɣi bac ad temneɣ, maca bac ad teḥrez tammurt-nnes ». Ammu i yenna Ḥmed Ɛasiḍ x Dihya.
Deg useggas n 2003, tamesmunt n Awras Lkahina, ggin ijjen tefrist dag-s 1.80 i Dihya di Lezzayer. D asemɣar zzag-sen i temɣart-a tanita i yewcin idammen-nnes bac ad iqqim umaziɣ lebda d ilelli.


text:
TAMURT – Ass-a, iwwiyi ubrid ɣer tsupirit zat n Lpari. Akud yewweḍ tamrilt d semmus u 15 n ddqayeq. Kecmeɣ, ddmeɣ yidi acaryul ɣer ara d-greɣ lqeḍyan nni. Ihi, mi d wḍeɣ ad xelseɣe, xedmeɣ amrar am nekk am medden.
Likis agi llant snat. Yiwet yeṭṭef itt yiwen ilemẓi, ɣef
akken i tɛaqleɣ di ṣifa, izmer ad yili d aminig i d-yusan meẓẓi ar
Fransa. Iban, ad yili lewhi n 25 iseqqasen, iruḥ d amellal di ṣṣifa.
Nekk cukteɣ d amaziɣ n Lmerruk, maca diɣen iban, xas akken ihedder s
trumit, maca d aɛrab amuɣrabi. Lakis tis snat, teṭṭef-itt yiwet n
tlemẓit, di laɛmer-is am waɛrab agi amuɣrabi. Taqcict agi, ufiɣ-tt din
txeddem azal n wagur aya, u diɣen, ufiɣ-tt d lirayu txeddem, thedder
ak d yiwen umaɛdur ɣef tcariṭ ines, heddren steqbaylit di sin. Iban
myussanen aṭṭas aya u di tmurt taqbaylit.
Ihi, mi qrib ad ɛeddiɣ, illa zzat-i yiwen ilemẓi. Zzat-s netta diɣen,
tella yiwet n tmuɣrabit, acku ṣṣifa-s tban ttamurikutt.
Thedder akked bu lakis nni aɛrab, armi i tfuk, truḥ teddem lqeḍyan
ines. Ilemẓẓi nni illan deffir-s, iaɛdda nnuba-s, ibda lla ihedder d
bu lakis nni aɛrab amuɣrab, ar s-iqqar ukelyan : « tilemẓit agi
iban tebɣa-k ». Netta yerra yas: « a waaah, nekk d Katya i
yiɛaǧben ».
Dɣa tilemẓit illan zzat n lakis ines, ttaqbaylit nni, teḍsa-tt-id,
tenna : « haaa ! », iban iɛaǧba-s iziker agi imi is-d-inna taɛǧeb-s.
Yuɣal kra kan, takisyirt taqbaylit Katya tewwi-d deg ufus-is, wissen
ma tapyas (pièce) neɣ, d acu-tt, tenna i waɛrab amuɣrabi: « ṣaḥit » !
Netta, yerr-yas-id: « yernu s talmant… (dagi iwwet-d di tutlayt
nneɣ).
Dagi ad twalim belli, aɛrab amuɣrabi, iban taɛǧeb-as telemẓit agi
taqbaylit Katya, u nettat tban d nneyya meskint (am xilla di leqvayel
zzat n izukar), acku ur ten-tessin ara iɛraben, akken llan d tarwa
lleḥram, d ixeddaɛen am akken is-yenna Lwennas Matub: « fki-yi-d aɛrab
ilhan, ak-d-awiɣ adfel iḥman ». Awal agi is-yenna mi ig metel tutlayt
nneɣ ar « talmant », iban xas yebɣa tilemẓit agi Katya taqbaylit, maca
ikreh tutlyt-is (akken-kan ad isefrurex aɛraben am netta).
Wagi d ayen yellan ɣer izukar sumata. Izdeɣ iten-nnḥas d lker ɣer
tutlayt nneɣ, a wi-d kan a neǧǧ tutlayt nneɣ, akken anuɣal am nutni.
Awali « talmant », sliɣt deg useggas n 1979/80 deg umekkan n lxedmaw ar
yiwet n txeddamt tazayrit d tamessaḥ (femme de ménage) di lluzin.
Tennat-id ɣef yiwet n teqbaylit ig xeddmen d tamessaḥt yides dinna i
lluzin agi. Acuɣer ? Acku taqbaylit agi tamessaḥt s teqbaylit kan
it-hedder ak d izukar, acku ur tessin ara ad tehder s tɛarbuct n
ubrid.
Hand Berkouk


text:
Mercredi 7 juillet 2021
Tutlayt n tegrawla zdat tutlayt n udabu !
Siweḍ adabu ar tabburt… n teɣdemt !
Si leqrun imezwura, tutlayt n tmurt tella di tnemmast n yal tanekra, ama d amennuɣ n yimnekcem d-iwḍen tilisa, ama d tanekra mgal adabu i yeqqnen yakan tamurt s tezmert-is akked tutlayt-is.
Amussu n hirak-tanekra yesban-d udem n tmurt ass-a : si tama n gdud akked tegrawla, d tamaziɣt akked darǧa, si tama n udabu d taârabt lfusḥa n wagmuḍ aârab. Tebḍa tmurt ɣef sin, mačči d ayen iffren.
Ass-a, yal wid/tid yettwaṭṭfen di leḥbas n udabu n Lezzayer zemren ad rnun afud ameqqran i umennuɣ-nnaɣ deg umussu n hirak-tanekra neɣ di yal tiddukla nniḍen (MAK, RPK, …), ma seddan tutlayt n ugdud (tamaziɣt, darǧa) di teɣdemt, zdat inezzarfu, akken ad qablen ugar adabu-nni i sen-ikksen tilelli-nsen.
D ayen illan, tutlayt d yiwen umezrag n umennuɣ n talwit, am akken yella umezrag n wuzzal akked ubeckiḍ deg imennuɣen nniḍen n takriṭ/violence. Taggara, imeḥbas ad d-beggnen ugar talast yellan gar-asen akked tikerkas ɣef ibedd udabu s ‘’taârabt lfusḥa’’.
Akka d iseɣ, akkin d tixxubta.
Deg umezruy aqbur n Tmazɣa, tutlayt tella d talast gar at tmurt i yekkren yal tikkelt ɣer umennuɣ ɣef tlelli-nsen, akked wid yuɣen iles nniḍen, win n udabu aberrani i yellan ibedd di tmurt, s tmara.
Di tnekra n imenzan/les mercenaires) Imaziɣen (2) mgal adabu n Carthage di -241, d Imaziɣen yessawalen taqanant (langue punique) i yellan d afus tama n iserdasen n Carthage, akken ad snegren wid d-ikkren d igrawliyen i timunent.
Di tnekra n Yugerten mgal Ruman di -118 ar -105, di yal tamurt n Numidya, Libya akked Muritanya fkan-d irgazen i umennuɣ. Asmi yunag Yugerten s timmad-is ɣer wanẓul, (Sud), iwwi-d yid-s ijemmalen n yergazen. Wid i yugin ad d-ddun, d wid illan di Leptis Magna. Llan iles-nsen d taqanant (punique) akked tegrigit (grec). Ur ten-id-terzi twaɣit, Tamazɣa mačči d tamurt-nsen, mačči d aɣbel-nsen !
Di tnekriwin n Imaziɣen i d-illan di leqrun n udabu n Ruman, ama d tin Takfarinas, Firmus, Gildon, Donate… amur ameqqran i d-ikkren zdat yegrawliyen, d Imaziɣen izedɣen tiɣermin yebna Ruma, d wid yeǧǧan tamaziɣt ssawalen tarumit n Ruma, neɣ d wid yuɣen ddin n Ruma. Tutlayt akked ddin bḍan tamurt ɣef sin : akka d agdud amaziɣ, akkin d wid yuɣen adabu akked yidles n yimnekcem.
Di tallit n tinneslemt, di yal ‘’tagelda’’ tineslemt, di Fes, Merrakec, Tlemsan, Tunes… wid igelden din wwin-d tiwesmin/tribus n waâraben seg uzaɣar ameqqran, fkan-asen akal i d-izzin i tɣermin-nsen, akken ad fken azar din, ad bedden d afrag, ad qablen Imaziɣen n idurar d izuɣar i d-izzin i tɣermin (zun d ‘’bouclier humain’’). Di Merruk wwin-d iberkanen si Tefrikt (guinée) sefrurxen berra n Merrakec, d aklan d iserdasen ɣef selṭan. D tikli-nni dɣa i yuɣ udabu n Terk (1514-1830) akken ad iqabel Leqbayel n Igawawen, akked wid n udrar n Warsenes, zdat Mdeyya.
Di mraw n leqrun, ur d-tlul yiwet tiɣremt taârabt di tmurt n Lezzayer i yeqqnen ɣer udabu n tmurt n Waâraben. Di Merruk, ɣas s wacḥal n leqrun n tɣuri n taârabt akked tinneslemt di tesdawit El Qarawiyyin, tiɣremt n Fes teqqim d tamaziɣt, ɣas yella deg-s umur n imezdaɣ i yellan deg wadmeɣ-nsen d Aâraben seg uẓar ; amedya n Allal El Fasi, aselway amezwaru n ukabar El Istqilal. I netta « El Maɣreb El Aârabi d tamurt taârabt, ifra wawal ! ».
Di tallit n temhersa n Fransa (1830 – 1962), amur seg imezdaɣ n tmurt d wid d-tessekcem Fransa (colonisation de peuplement), akken ad tbeddel udem i tmurt. Ilmend ad dewlen d Izzayriyen, nutni qqimen d ‘’les pieds noirs’’, s tutlayt tafransit, tutlayt n udabu n Fransa.
Di tedyant-nni n ‘’pustch des généraux’’ di yebrir 1961 (2), ‘’les pieds noirs’’ kkren-d ad sbedden tamurt i yiman-nsen, d tamurt n Fransa deg wakal n Lezzayer, tama n tmurt n Fransa i yellan akkin i yillel. Ur fhimen bḍan tamurt ɣef sin : tama n Izzayriyen, s tmaziɣt akked darǧa, tama tafransist s tutlayt tafransit. Gan am Irumyen-nni di dewla n Ruma.
Taɣuri seg umezruy i wayen illan di 2021 :
Iɣisi yellan ass-a, mačči gar umur n imezdaɣ n tmurt akked wayeḍ, mačči gar wid yessawalen tamaziɣt akked wid yessawalen darǧa, acku tutlat n darǧa tlul-d di tmurt-nnaɣ seg uẓar n tmaziɣt. Iɣisi yella gar tmurt tamaziɣt, s tmaziɣt akked darǧa, akked udabu i yeqqnen ɣer wagmuḍ aârab, i yesedduyen tasertit n taârabt lfusḥa.
Imeɣnasen n taârabt-tinneslemt (arabo-islamisme) i yekkaten ass-a, tama n udabu, akken ad sersen taârabt lfusḥa di tmurt, teddun zun d imenzan (mercenaires) n tmura tiberraniyin. Tidett, ur zmiren ad d-snekren agdud Azzayri akken ad iddu yid-sen di temsalt-a ; am akken ur zmiren ad d-snekren imezdaɣ n lḥuma neɣ n tiɣremt anda lulen neɣ anda zedɣen. Tidett, wigi d imeɣnasen ‘’hors sol’’ ; amur ameqqran deg-sen teddun ɣef uɣrum-nsen i teččen s taârabt lfusḥa. Idda fell-asen wawal-nni ‘’xubzizt’’ (at uɣrum).
Ma yella win icukken deg wawal-a, ad issenqed tadyant n Naïma Salḥi. Nettat tettwassen, tekker-d mgal tamaziɣt di tmurt n Lezzayer, tefra « ad tneɣ yell-is, ma tessuter-as-d akken ad telmed tamaziɣt ».
Asmi tunag di 2020 ɣer tiɣremt n Ǧelfa (zun d tamurt n Waâraben), akken ad ten-id-teskker, ad ten-id-tesserkec mgal tamaziɣt, imezdaɣ-nni kkren-d fell-as nettat. D tarewla i d-terwel si Ǧelfa. Tajmilt tameqqrant i yelmeẓyen n tmurt-nni, wid n Ḥasi Beḥbaḥ akked teqbilin nniḍen !
Ma nezzi-d ɣer wawal amezwaru yuran afella, tallit n lhirak-tanekra issefk ad tili d tagnitt akken tutlayt n ugdud (tamaziɣt akked darǧa), ad kecment taɣdemt s tfenṭazit, ad kksent amkan i taârabt lfusḥa n yimnekcem, ad siwḍent adabu ar tabburt n tikerkas-is.
D iles n igrawliyen i yettwaṭṭfen ass-a di leḥbas n tmurt, d nutni kan ad d-isneṭqen iles-nsen, d iles n iẓuran n tmurt, d iles n yimmal n tmurt s wudem-is.
A.U.L.
Timerna / Notes :
1) Ṭṭrad n imenzan Imaziɣen mgal Carthage (la guerre des mercenaires, si -241 ar -238) ; kkren zun d yiwen deffir Mastan akken ad hudden adabu n Carthage ; taggara issenger-iten Hamilkar Barca s iserdasen-is… akked tixxubta n Imaziɣen yeddan yid-s.
2) Le putsch des généraux du 21 avril 1961, également appelé putsch d’Algern, est une tentative de coup d’État, fomentée par une partie des militaires de carrière de l’armée française en Algérie, et conduite par quatre généraux cinq étoiles (Maurice Challe, Edmond Jouhaud, Raoul Salan et André Zeller). Ils déclenchent cette opération en réaction à la politique choisie par le président de la République, Charles de Gaulle, et son gouvernement, qu’ils considèrent comme une politique d’abandon de l’Algérie française.


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Deg uzgen amezwaru n umegrad-nneɣ nessiwel dag-s mayen yenna Auguste Mouliéras x wudayen di Arrif. Nufa belli tarezzut-nnes dag-s ccum n tkulunyalit. Maci merra mayen d-inna d tidet. Netta yeqqar ila udayen n Imesṭasen maḥend ad meḍlen inni nnsen ixess-asen ad raḥen ar Asila. Ta maci d tidet, minzi kul taqbilt ittili dag-s timeḍlin n wudayen. Di Miḍar d Tfersit (Wer din waxxa d 07 KM jar-asen, kul icten zzag-sen din timeḍlin n wudayen). Rni x-as mayen ttɛawaden yiwdan d tiḥuja, qqaren belli ttuɣa din ijjen umseddar jar wudayen d imeslmen.
Wer din ittili bu ttaeeddu x wudayen. Γir ca n leɛwayed wer zzag-sent nwekked ca, am ijjen tḥajit i yeqqaren ila Uday xminni ixes ad ikk x temzyida n tẓallit ixess-as ad ikkes tisira-nnes. Maca manaya tettqabal-itt-id ijjen tḥajit nneɣni, mani nettaf di Arrif ijjen wuday ttuɣa issɣara i yemselmen Lquran. Manaya d tqiccit n umsedder izemmren ad yili jar tnayen n tdeyyanin i yettemṣebḍan.
Min iqqar umezruy x wudayen n Arrif?
Angelo Ghrilli i yeggin ca n trezzutin x Arrif, iqqar ila qa wudayen n Arrif usin-d zi Berqa (Libiya). Ittɛawad iqqar ila udayen yiḍ-a azgen ameqqran-nnsen nitni d Imaziɣen, ṭṭfen tudayt x wudayen i d-yusin zi tmurt-nnsen, zegga i x-asen d-sugen Irumiyen. Aredjen-asen Lhaykal-nnsen. Ijjen array nniḍen yeqqar ila Igrikiyen wesqen ca 100 alef n wuday deg usegg°as n 320 qbel i tlalit. Ina rewlen-d zeg weɛmud i yeccin di Libiya n yiḍ-a. Uca msebḍan x Arrif d Laṭlas.
Michaux Béllaire d ijjen umrezzu la d netta issiwel x wudayen n Arrif, aterras-a iraḥ yegg°ej qqae. Issefsi ijjen umegraḍ yura-t Samtuḥ Ben Sarmun i tefsar tesɣunt n « la Revista de Tropas coloniales » nnumru n Cutenbir 1925. Tessiwl x ijjen tjelda (royaume) tamezwarut i ttuɣa yellan di Arrif, i ttuɣa d tajelda d tudayt. Yus-d di tesɣunt-a manaya : « aqqa nesla, am mammec daneɣ-ɛawden ibabaten-nneɣ, mayen ttuɣa yellan di Lɣerb, s Tɛibrit nettsemma tammurt-a s Merrakec, qbel i waɛraben, mani ttuɣa din ijjen wemɣar d uday d artista … D netta ig iḥekmen tambraṭurit-a d amezzwaru. Tuɣa qqaren-as Yeɛqub d ttekniyyet-nnes Pariente. Ttuɣa izeddeɣ di tmurt umi neqqar yiḍ-a Arrif. Ad yili isem n Arrif yus-d zi REBBI YACOUB PARIENETE« .
Michaux waxxa iwta di mayen yenna Samtuḥ maca ittwala ila izemmar mayen iqqar ad ɣer-s ilin iẓuran n tidet. Minzi di lqern wis setta (qbel i Lislam) zegga Ibiẓanṭiyen wer qqimen ca ttreyyan di Arrif aṭṭas. Yemsar ijjen umuni deg usegg°as n 612 jar wudayen n Arrif d inni n Spanya ḥuma ad kksen ajellid « sisbouth » ad ggen deg wemkan-nnes ijjen tjelda n wudayen. Maca manaya wer iwwiḍ ca ad yili, uca Iquṭiyen hejmen x wudayen n Spanya min ten-yejjin ad rewlen ɣer Arrif.
Ɛebdellah Igella, amrezzu deg umezruy n Arrif la d netta ittɛawad x yiles n Lbekri i d-issiwlen x wudayen n Arrif, yeqqar ila di temdint n Nnkur ila din ijjen tewwurt qqaren-as tawwurt n wudayen. Minzi amkan-nni ila zeddɣen dag-s ɣir udayen. Udayen-a Irifiyen iraren ijjen temlilt (rôle) d tameqqrant deg usemɣar n tsebbabt ila yellan di lweqt-nni. Di Bades ɛawed, ila dinni ijjen lmuyyi d ameqqran n tɣarruba. Ttuɣa din ijjen uzabuq d ameqqran zeddɣen dag-s ɣir udayen. Luis del Mármol Carvajal (1524-1600) yetteawad belli din kter zi 100 n tudrin ɣir n wudayen.
Ijjen ameknaw Ljeṭṭari, yeqqar ila qa ttuɣa din rebɛa n markat n wudayen di Arrif:
- Izanitiyen i yumnen s tudayt, zzag-sen taqbilt n Ijrawen i yellan x weftas n lebḥer jar Ikebdanen d Iqelɛiyen.
- Udayen i d-wesqen zeg Wandlaus, ḍrin di lmuyyawat n Temsaman, Iɣsasen, Warc, Bades d Mlilet.
- Udayen iɛawnen Bu teɣyult, i d-yusin zi Debdu d Fes, ameqqran-nnsen d Dawud Ben Ḥida.
- Udayen n lweqt Uspanyu, i d-yusin zi Taza, Kaza, Fas, Spanya d Lezzayer, aṭṭas idsen zedɣen di Mlilet.
Mayen yejjin Wudayen di Arrif d min zzag-sen yeqqimen?
Aṭṭas n leɛwayed i tteggen Irifiyen ɣer-s tɣuni ɣer tadeyyant n wudayen. Amecnaw Taɛacurt d waṭṭas n leɛwayed nniḍen. Manaya yeqqen ɣer tussna n Irifiyen. Maca ijjen tmeslayt nniḍen ttuɣa nizwar nessiwel x-as, umi udayen wer d-jjin bu ca n lebni awerna-tsen. Ula d tudrin mani ɛebbden uca walu.
Di Arrif ass-a nzemmer ad nessiwel x tmeḍlin-nnsen (Miḍar alṭu, Ayt Sidal, Tafersit, Tamsaman, Snada…) d wemrabeḍ Rabi Seɛdiya Ḥidati i yeggwjen x Nnaḍur s setta Kilumiṭer. Kul wayur n mayyu ttasen-d ɣer-s udayen. Ttẓallan dinni. Amrabeḍ-a ttsemman-as imselmed s Sidi Yusef (Wer nettettu waxxa d Yusef d isem d uday).
Din amrabeḍ n Ayt Buyeɛqub di Temsaman, ittwassen ila amrabeḍ-nni ittwamḍel dinni ijjen d uday. Maca imezdaɣ yiḍ-a nekkren manayenni.
Aṭṭas n wudayen dewlen d imselmen. Amenɛad ɛad i selmen, niɣ din wudayen ar lux ɛad di Arrif, maca ttagin ad mmlen ixef-nnsen belli d wudayen. Tteggen ixef-nnsen d imselmen. Udayen di Arrif maci amecnaw inni n Kaza d Fas, mani zemmren ad mmlen ixef-nnsen d min ɛnan di berra. Di Arrif, snuffuren ixef-nnsen. Nzemmar a naf ula d timɣarin-nnsen tteggent tacembuct maḥend ad banent d timeslmin.
Aṭṭas n wudayen di Arrif aqqa-yen deg umaḍal marra, di Venezuela, Marikan, Kanada, Hulanda… aqqa-yen deg Israyil zeddɣen di Keryat Cemmuna (ẓelmeḍ n Israyil). Maca qeḍɛen qae mayen ten-ijemɛen aked Arrif. Yettɣima usitem ad ɛeqben ayyawen-nnsen ad ssnen manis d-usin lejdud-nnsen.
Ɣer ɛawed: Udayen n Arrif: Manis kkin? (1/2)


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Aglay (tusnakt)
Aglay (s Teglizit: Ellipse) d tameknut isebṭen i d-iteggen s uylan-a: tanafa n tiddi n yal agaz deg tmeknut-a ɣef sin n wagazen ibedden s agensu-ines (ttwasemman idiken) ittɣamay ibedd.[1]
idiken d agazen F1 d F2 deg telɣa.
Ihi yezmer ad yili usuneɣ n uglay s weɣris yettusbedden seg ijufaṛ-is deg sin n wagazen F1 d F2, d usuneɣ n uglay fell-asen s yimru seg wagaz X.
Aglay daɣen d yiwet n telmest n ikaswaranen, mi ara ad tettwagzam ukaswar s weswir imalen deg ugellus n ukaswar ad nessuffeɣ aglay.


text:
Narabas
narabas d aqerru n yiserdasen Amaziɣ anumidi di nnfaq n wid iḍemeen deg udrim neɣ nnfaq alibi di lgirra tabuniqit . narabas d amedya abuniqi n Narbal neɣ nerbeel
tiddukla ds Himlkar Berqa[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
di nnfaq abunidi itekka narabas d yiserdasen n sbindyus . deg waked iqessḥen . yerra axeddim-is ɣer himlkar berqa deg useggas n 239 uqbel n tlalit n sidna eisa . yuwed s axxam n yiserdasen s 2000 n yimnayen inumidiyen d wigi i yekksen axessar ddren yiserdasen n himlkar brqa . enan yiserdasen-is iceffaren n Matus ( aqerru n yilibiyen ) deg nnfaq n wasif n baɣrdas mi kfan . Narabas yegled tamdint n Utika
tawacult[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
yuɣ Narabas yelli-s n himlakar berqa xas akken ur nessin ara isem-is isemma-as ufransis Juzif flubir (( salambu )) deg ungal-is n 1862 n tlalit .,


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Aɣṛab n Berlin
Aɣṛab n Berlin (S Telmant: Berliner Mauer) yella d aɣṛab ɣezzifen ibeṭṭu Berlin ar sin n izegnan (asemran d utrim) d tamiwin i d-yezzin deg Lalman tasemrant. Iswi deg tmuski-ynes (lebni-ynes) d asersi n tilas n tukkit gar n Berlin d Lalman tasemrant. Tamuski-ynes tessenta (lebni-ynes yebda) deg wass n 13 ɣuct 1961. Dɣa yettwasses (yettusejhed) aṭas n tikwal maca yeldi deg wass n 9 wamber 1989 sin akin yettwadrem s talɣa tazun-midt.[1][2][3]
Azal n 3,5 n imelyan seg Lalman tasemrant sizdwen ɣef tkerfiwin n yinig id yettusefken seg tkura tasemrant send n usbeddi n weɣṛab d beṭṭu ɣef Lalman Tamegdayt anda aṭas deg-sen zegren tilisa gar n Berlin tasemrant ar Berlin tutrimt acki syinna zemren ad inigen ar Lalman tutrimt d tmura n Uruppa tutrimin niden. Aɣṛab-a amzun (meḥsub) yegdel yall talɣiwin n yinig. Gar n iseggasen n 1961 d 1989 azal n 100,000 n yimdanen urmen (ɛerḍen) ad rewlen seg Berlin tasemrant dɣa ugar n 5000 deg-sen ssawṭen ad rewlen sufell n weɣṛab deg wakud anda i yukksen (mmuten) gar n 136 ar ugar n 200 deg-sen.[4]
Tazrart d umsedfer n tegrawliwin deg tkura n iwunak isemranen yudsen deg useggas n 1989 (aladɣa di Pulunya d Hungarya) glant-d s tegrawt n yenttagen deg Lalman tasemrant ayen yewwin di taggara ar tukksa n weɣṛab-a. Deg wass n 9 wamber, seld n waṭas n imalas n irwayen iɣaṛimen, adabu n Lalman tasemrant yelɣet-d d akken yakk iɣeṛmanen n Lalman tasemrant zemren ad rzun w ad ddun ar Lalman tutrimt d Berlin tutrimt anda aṭas n yimdanen seg Lalman tasemrant zegren aɣṛab-nni s walluy akken i zegren iɣeṛmanen n Lalman tutrimt ar wamur asemran deg yiwet n tegnit n usfuggel.


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Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi neɣ Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, d imwelleh aruḥan di Lhend, yella daɣ d argaz aserti meqqren di lawan mi d-yekker umussu n teslullit deg tmurt-is ; ilul ass wis 2 deg tuber 1869 di Gujarat (Lhend), yettwanɣa ass n 20 yennayer 1948 di New Delhi.
Tameddurt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Gandhi yeqdec d abugaṭu deg Tefriqt n Wenẓul, yerna din ay yessnen lbaṭel aberkan n tmeḥyaft gar yemdanen yemgerraden deg tneṣlit. Asmi ay d-yeqqel ɣer Lhend deg 1914, yebda yekkat i lmend n uzarug n tmurt-nnes ay yellan ddaw udabu abriṭani.
Imenɣi-nes amelwi ɣef teslullit n Lhend[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ghandi yettwassen s ubrid i d-yewwi deg uqazem n weqmaḍ akked temsbaṭlit ala s weɛṣay aɣarim n wegdud ; aselḥu n tiẓri-a-ines deg umennuɣ yebna ɣef trekrriṭ (tarkriṭ = nonviolence), dɣa annect-a yettwaḥsab gar wayen yessawḍen tamurt n Lhend ad tḥelli timunent-is. Mzḥsub yella itteg ifadden i medden akken ad nnaɣen mgal tuṭṭfa tabriṭanit war ma sqedcen iɣil, d acu kan, leqdic-nnes deg tsertit yessaweḍ-it ad yettwaḥbes acḥal d tikkelt. Gandhi iwet daɣen akken ad iḥudd irunnilen (intouchables), wid yettwaḥeqren deg wesɣan (ddin) ahendusi. Asmi ay qrib ad tawey Lhend azarug-nnes, bdan-d yimenɣiyen imeqranen gar Yinselmen ed Yihendusiyen n Lhend, d wid aydeg mmuten aṭas n medden.
Deffir tmunent n Lhend d tmettant-is[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
D aya ay yejjan Gandhi ad yeg taḥemla akken ad yeḥbes yimenɣi-a, yerna iga asunded (grève) n llaẓ i lmend n waya, dɣa d aya ay yessawḍen ixṣimen-nni ad ḥebsen imenɣi. D acu kan, Gandhi yenɣa-t yiwen n umeḍḍarfu ahendusi aɣlenaẓri deg wass n 30 Yennayer 1948,acku iwala-t d netta d ssebba n beṭṭu n tmurt ɣef snat (mi d-tlul Pakistan) d tuɣalin-is ɣer deffir deg tnezmar.
S tesnagt-is Ghandhi yeqqel d azamul n talwit ama deg Lhend, ama deg tmura n beṛṛa.


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Tira: Miluda Lḥenkari
Deg uraq n Miramar di Lḥusima, mani ittwagg umsagar x testratijiyin n usedder n yiles n Trifiyt, s wecrak n 59 n yewdan zi daxel d berra i Lmuɣrib; zi tmurt Tuskirt, zi Spaniya, Mlilet, Fransa, Hulanda, Iṭalya d Lmuɣrib. Maca acrak i ɣer yella lhimmet n inni dd-yusin zi Nnaḍur d Lḥusima, mamec i dd-usin midden zi Tiṭṭawin, Kaza d Meknas.
Amelqi-ya ittadef deg yiger n usenfar i tettegg Garabide n temɛawant tasinlest aked tijmaɛin tisnilsin Timaziɣin, d amelqi wis tlata i yettwaggen deg yiger-a. Zegga i yemsar wenni n 2019 di Ṭanja s uswizi aked tmesmunt n Masinisa, wis tnayen ittwagg s zoom, d wanita s uswizi aked tmesmunt n “Abrid”.
Tinawt-a tekka ca n tlata n wussan, zi 07 ar 09 Kṭuber 2022 s wecrak n waṭṭas n imessnilsen d isyusnilsen, d imerzuten d iwdan n tmesmunin, imeɣnas n tɣawsa n Tmaziɣt, inaẓuren d imariten… Zzag-sen a nessiwel x Muḥend Tilmatin, Jon Sarasua Marichalar, Mena B. Lafkioui, Mustapha El Adak, Musṭapha Ssaadi, Abdelouahid Hennu, Xan Aire, Chahid Andichi, Asya Zyzaoui d Milouda El Hankari, etc…
Acrak n iḥudriyen yewca lɣillet-nnes d tameqqrant, mamec iwca ca n ikuluriten ddren. Ttuɣa dinni tizemmar n ca n iḥudriyen am twaggit n ijjen ubidyu x wemsagar-a i ttuɣa ittwafsaren deg umeggaru n ujemmuɛ.
Asexdem n Trifiyt ttuɣa yella deg uzgen ameqqran n yissenkiden, deg yimherwaḍa, d wentam ittwasxedmen di tinawt, deg igrawen d min ittwafsren…. Aya i ttuɣa yellan d tasarut n tinawt i zi imruṭṭef mliḥ, lxedmet iseggmen, i yejjin ijjen buḥbel yizdigen jar imeccarkuten zi beddu, min itticen ijjen twacit ila ijjen umelqi d ameqqran x yiles n Tmaziɣt am wa, izemmer ad yiri s yiles-nneɣ n tyemmat.
Ijjen zeg idaḥiten n tinwat, maci d asmuni n tmessna taṭyurit, maca d almad, acrak, d lxedmet s uswizi axmi d tibridin n tidett maḥend ad ttwabnan isenfaren izemmren ad sgeɛɛden zi tilawt n yelsawen-nneɣ.
Maḥend ad naru timessna s ijjen tebridt d tucrikt, negga ijjen tegrawt di tseɛɛet d uzgen (d lweqt ila yellan jer ifassen-nneɣ).
Agraw n udyagnustiman (ssen ixef-inek s ixef-inek)
Ibda wegraw s ijjen tdinamit i yeqqnen ɣer usnhezzi, mamec ttuɣa din isenkad akid-s mmewcen ca n idiplumen (maḥend a nesquṭṭeḍ zi lweqt).
Anhezzi i dd-yusin awern-as ggin dag-s ijjen “tḥaryaḍt i walli” maḥend ad ittwerr x useqsi: Min zemmreɣ ad ggeɣ nec weḥdi niɣ di jjmaɛet ḥuma ad seddreɣ iles n tyemmat?
Taḥeryaḍt n ixarrisen (brainstorming)
- Asexdem d useɛdi n Trifit.
- Asujed n ijjen udlis maḥend ad yili uselmed s Trifit.
- Ad ariɣ tarifit di Facebook.
- A neɛda zeg wawal ɣer tira.
- Asturjem n yidlisen s Trifit.
- Aselmed n Trifit i yimeqqranen.
- Sini s Trifit.
- Aselmed amezwaru s Trifit.
- Ajmaɛ n tirarin n iḥenjiren imeẓẓyanen n Arrif.
- Inhezziten ididaktikiyen s Trifit.
- Afares adelsan.
- Amsemlak jar Irifiyen.
- A negg Tatoeba s Trifit.
- Tiɣri.
- Tamesɣiwt n idlisen s Trifit.
- A nerr taynit i tẓuri.
- A nḥeyyid i ḥarsu d imxumbal jar aneɣ.
- Ixess wer ntettu tifinaɣ.
- Idlisen n Trifiyt i iḥenjiren i yettilin berra.
- Imelqiten-nniḍen am yina.
- Ijjen aplikasyu i welmad n Trifiyt.
- Itcalluten s Trifiyt.
- Afsar n trezzutin tisdawanin
- A negg Wikipediya s Tmaziɣt
- Almad n yelsawen-nniḍen n Tmaziɣt
- Ad yili iyutuben s Tmaziɣt
- A nessen min tteggen inniḍen
- Imelqiten n usefru Arifi
- Ad ttwaggen igrawen mani nzemmer a newwec tisemɣurin i lxedayem itwtaggen s Trifiyt.
- A nessedder timeɣriwin d wuraren n Arrif iqdimen.
- A nessedder ismawen n imukan-nneɣ.
- A nesrusa ismawen d irifiyen x isenfaren-nneɣ.
- A nesgeɛɛed zi tzuri
Zi senni tettwagg ijjen lxedmet s igrupputen: kul agruppu yexḍar ijjen ttima zi llista n tḥeryaḍt n walli, maḥend ad tili tili tyumi-nnes. Ttimat min xef xedmen d yina nitni:
- Asujed n ijjen udlis maḥend ad yili uselmed s Trifi.
- Aselmed amezwaru s Trifit.
- Asturjem n yidlisen s Trifit
- A nesgeɛɛed zi tẓuri
Kul agruppu ggin ijjen umessiwel maḥend ad dd-issiwel x min xef ixdem ugruppu-nnes.
1. ADLIS I USELMED N TRIFIYT
Min daneɣ-ixessen?
1. Wi t ɣa yeggen?
– Iselmaden n Tmaziɣt iḍeffren abrid n tira amen tenna.
– imerzuten itterran taynit d min ɣer-s yeqqnen deg yiles d yidles Arifi.
– Ijjen umezday i ɣa yessuguren tagrawt.
2. Min nrezzu zeg udlis-a?
– Timessna n teɣri d tira n Tmaziɣt
– Amsawaḍ s Trifit
– Asijji x tussna d leɛwayed n Imaziɣen
3. Min dag-s ɣa yilin deg udlis-a?
– Asidef n tsekla d tẓuri n Imaziɣen
– Asidef n yeḍrisen i yeqqnen ɣer timmuzɣa.
– Asidef n tumayin innurẓmen x umaḍal
4. Tussna n lexdayem-nniḍen
– Asijji x mamec ixedmen yewdan-nniḍen i daneɣ-izwaren.
3. ASTURJEM N YIDLISEN S TRIFIT
1. Afurmasyu n t.imessuɣal: iles d tira.
- Tamussni n teṭyurit n usuɣel
- Tamussni n usuɣel, amezruy, tiɛenkraf, titiqniyin, d tmeslayin-nniḍen …
- Amessuɣel ixess ad issen mliḥ Tarifit d iles manis i dd ɣa agem.
- Amessuɣel ixess ad issen merra igran i yeqqnen ɣer usuɣel.
- Amessuɣel ixess a ɣer-s yili ijjen udlis n usuɣel.
4. ASGEƐƐED ZI TẒURI
- Twaggit n tmesmunin n tẓuri
- Tigrawn n tyaṭru i uḥenjir
- Amelqi jar inaẓuren Irifiyen d Iwruppawiyen di Dyaspura Tarifit.
- Twaggit tizedduɣin n tẓuri
- Twaggit n ukarnabal n Baccix deg Uruppa.
- Twaggit n idikumunṭiren x yidles n Arrif.
- Imelqiten x tiggaz.
- Afsar n ifilmen.
- Timsirin n welmad n wallun d uɣennej s yezlan.
- Tigrawin x ideqqi n tmurt.
- Ifsaren x ssenɛet ufus.
- Afurmasyu x tira n usinaryu.
- Asmutti n tussna n macca n Irifiyen.
- Almad n tirarin i yiḥenjiren.
- Twaggit n ijjen usalay di Arrif.
- Lḥemla maḥend a nemmel tussna n Arrif.
IJJEN UXARRES D AMEẒẒYAN
Lxedmet s tseḍmiwin d timeẓẓyanin, yejja ad yili unhezzi d umesdukkel jar imeccercuten. D aya i dd-issarun aṭṭas n ixarrisen isebḥanen deg ugrup. “Wami beddleɣ ixarrisen aked gruppu, yejja-ayi ad fekkreɣ di ca n tmeslayin ɛemmers ma nwiɣ ila zemmreɣ ad tent-ggeɣ weḥḥd-i”. “Ca n tmeslayin d timeqqranin i nzemmer a negg s ugruppu”.
“Min ssiwleɣ deg uzgen n tseɛɛet di lxedmet n gruppu i negga, kṭer min ssiwleɣ deg wemsagar amen yekmel”.
D yina d ca n wawalen i sliɣ, zegga xedmeɣ aked imeccercuten.
Lhimmet n tegrawt-a tameẓẓyant maci min ɣa-wwḍen imeccercuten deg ijjen lweqt d aquḍaḍ, maca d tabridt i zi xedmen nitni. Aṭṭas n ixarrisen d isebḥanen i zzag-s dd-yeffɣen, nzemmer ad ten-nessgem zi ssa d usawen.
ASTAL N WEMSAGAR (évaluation)
Imeccarcuten ttuɣa ixess-asen ad arin di tlata n tewriqin s ikuluriten imsebḍan, maci kṭer zi tlata n ixarrsen x kul tawriqt.
Di tewriqt tamezwarut: Min stafden zeg wemsagar, tlata n tmeslayin min xef wtin tacerrift. I dasen-iɛejben.
Di tewriqt tis tnayen: timeslayin i yettwalan ixess ad ilint mliḥ.
Di tewriqt tis tlata: min wer dasen-yeɛjiben, min ixess ad ittwabeddel.
MIN DASEN-IƐEJBEN
Tumayt:
- Acrak n imussnawen n tesnilest d tasusyusnilest
- Amsebḍi di tumayt, waxxa marra ttunuḍen x ijjen usentel.
- Tunuḍt n wemsagar x tutlayt tarifit
- Ambuddel n wawal x lḥal n Trifit
- Almad n waṭṭas n tmeslayin s kulci idneɣ.
- Almad n mamek iwdan-nniḍen xedmen yiles-nnsen
- Ad tafed aṭṭas n midden ksin amnus n yiles n Trifit
- Merra mayen yeɛdan ttuɣa-t iqedd.
- Timexsa maḥend a nessen kṭer x ibaskuten, idles-nnsen d yiles-nnsen…
- Asexdem n yiles n Trifit deg wezgen ameqqran n wemsagar.
- Tagrawt n tira
- Tacejjart n yiles
- La Korrika
- Tɣara n wemsagar
- Tagrawt n udyagnustiman ijja-aneɣ a nxarres s merra idneɣ.
- Tira n Trifit s ulatini.
- Ambuddel.
imeccercuten
Acrak n iḥudriyen, maca ɣir tteslan waha, maca cerken s wawal.
- Acrak n iberranyiyen
Turgant (organisation)
- Ijjen turgant yecnan
- Ijjen usnewjin d asebḥan n yewdan n Biyya.
- Amkan yecna aṭṭas, Nnutil, macca tecna ɛawed.
- Imurganen ttuɣa udsen xarebbi.
MIN IZEMMREN AD YILI YESBEḤ
Tumayt
- Din iwdan ksin awal aṭṭas zeg yenniḍen deg wemsagar-a, mala nekkes tagrawt n udyagnustiman.
- Amsagar-a ila yella deg ijjen wemkan yeqqen, imsagaren am yina ixess-asen ad ilin deg iraqqen nnurẓmen, maḥend aṭṭas n midden zemmren ad zzag-s stafden.
- Iles n wemsagar ixess-as ad yili s trifit waha (aked usuɣel)
- Asexdem n tefransist deg wemkan n trifit di ca n isemniden.
- Aɛeffar n ca n yewdan i yeksin awal.
- Lweqt ila wer iqedd ca n tegrawt n udyagunstiman.
- Drus n lweqt n imeherwaḍen.
- Tlata n wussan drus.
- Wer din bu asuɣel ɣer Teɛrabt.
- Tlata n wussan aṭṭas.
- Amkan wer yessbiḥ ca.
Imessiwlen
Mli ttuɣa i dd-nerzfen Imaziɣen-nniḍen (Aṭlas, Sus, Asammer, mayemmi Imaziɣen-nneḍni zi Tunes, Libiya, Nnijer…)
Imeccercuten zi berra i Lḥusima kṭer zeg inni illan daxel.
Turgant
Iwdan wer dd-ttisen bu di lweqt.
Am ddegg-a n imelqiten zemmren ad ilin ḥsen
Imelqiten am yina zemmren ad ilin nnurẓmen
Turjatin i izemmren ad ilint.
Afurmasyu s tira n Trifit s usekkil Alatini.
Almad n trifit di Dyaspura.
Ad ttwaggen imelqiten am yina.
Ad nessers imsebḍiten idyulujiten ɣer ṭṭerf.
Am ddegg-a n imelqiten ad ilin ttwassnen di berra.
IWALEN S TSURA (keywords)
- Mayen ggiɣ, tteggeɣ-t i yiles n tyemmat-inu.
- Iles-inu ɣer-s lhimmet d tameqqrant ɣer-i nec, am mamec aqqa-ayi ɣer-s amenni.
- sadu ubrid, sennej ubrid, d wenni d abrid
- tutlayt tezdeɣ tammurt, tammurt tezdɣ-itt tutlayt
- Aterras ad isdettet yiman-nnes, ad yessgur iman-nnes s yiman-nnes.
ISENFAREN TTWAGGEN DEG UMELQI-YA
- Ijjen ufistibal n usefru di Lḥusima, i ɣa yettwaggen aked tmesmunt n ABRID s twiza aked Lerifain d tmesmunt n ADLIS AMAZIƔ
- Asenfar n taẓẓut tasnilest (ijjen tzeddiɣt di Biyya aked imeḥḍaren n CBF maḥend ad ɣren Taifit, aya ad yili s twiza akked Miramar d Lerifain).
ISEQSITEN UGLEN
- Asefsi n ibeṭṭuten n Trifit, am ibeṭṭuten i yellan jer n tweryaɣelt, tabeqquyt, tutewzint, taqelɛit d tkebdant… Mamec i ɣa naweḍ a nesmun iles n Trifit anamur, anamur deg unamek n mani tella Tarifit.
- Min ɛnan tisuraf i ixess ad neḍfer maḥend ad nessgem imassen isebḥanen n trifit i zi ɣa nadef ɣer iraqqen d tseɣnan maḥend ad yili umessiwel yekmel. (imawalen mladafen, ijjen yiles yura imun, idlisen n tjerrumt…)
- Mamec nettwala neccin iles-nneɣ deg yimal? Mamec nettwala tabridt n tira? Mayemmi ? Mamec i ɣa nejj zeg yiles n Arrif netta d iɣes ameqqran min xef tettbedda tanettit Tarifit?
- Ijjen udyagnustij d amatu n lḥal n Trifit di Arrif, di Lmuɣrib d Dyaspura.


text:
Dimanche 12 septembre 2021
Inelmaden n KGB – FSB, d iqeddacen n udabu di Lezzayer
Di yal tamsalt, mi tqerneḍ tidyanin yiwet tama n tayeḍ, ad d-tban tafat amek i dduklent, zdint, mcuddent am teḥjurin n diminu, akken ad awint taḥemmalt srid ɣer temsalt-nni, i ferru neɣ i ḍellu.
Ayen akk iḍerrun si furar 2019, si tama n udabu, iteddu ɣer yiwen ubrid : akken ad yerẓ amussu n talwit (hirak/tanekra), i d-ilulen si Xerraṭa (Kherrata) deg wass n 16/02/2019 akked Lezzayer di 22/02, isddukel imelyunen n Izzayriyen n yal tama n tmurt akken ad ibeddel udabu ɣef uẓar. D tikkelt tamezwarut si 1962.
Ilmend deg ad ldint tebbura, ad d-yefk ‘’système’’ udem, ad isbedd agraw n imussnawen izemren ad gen tigejda timezwura n tugdut (tamenḍawt tamaynut, asaka n talwit/période de transition…), ad d-yuɣal udabu deg ifassen n uɣref, adabu yefren abrid n tḥila akked udebbuz akken ad teqqim akken i tella. I netta, ulac abeddel nnig wayen ira netta ; adabu d netta.
Di tazwara, tamsalt teffeɣ abrid n tsertit, tekcem abrid n temsulta akked ṭṭrad deg ufus n ‘’les services’’.
Mačči s yidles n izerfan n umdan i ddan, s tikerkas n KGB – FSB i yasen-slemden (1) : sexreb annar akken yiwen ur ifehhem wayeḍ, yiwen ur ittamen wayeḍ, sekcem yal taḥilett, ssimes akken tufiḍ, ssekcem ɣer lḥebs d tirni, ewwet akka d wakka, taggara ad irwi wennar, ad ters talwit tallit si tigdi d ukukru…
Asaru n tedyanin iban am uzal :
Wten amek ad ssigden imdanen, mi ẓran tettimɣur tnekra, teffɣen-d d imelyunen di yal tamdint n tmurt, d argaz, d tameṭṭut, d tiwaculin akked yemɣaren, s yiwen wawal n tugdut, n izerfan : ‘’llan wid d-iheggan lbumbat akken ad nɣen wid iteddun deg ubrid’’… ‘’’atan ṭṭfen imdanen i d-iwwin ibeckiḍen akked…’’. Di TV-nsen, fkan-d udem n ‘’Abu Deḥduḥ’’ akken ad d-issefhem amek i d-ihegga lbumbat s yisem n MAK (sic!).
Wten amek ad bḍun tamurt, ad gedlen tikliwin di tama n utaram/lɣerb n tmurt (wehran, Tihert, Mestɣanem, …), akken ad wten tama s tayeḍ, zun tella Lezzayer ur nekkir deg umussu, tbedd tama n udabu.
Wten ad gen iɣisi gar Izzayriyen, ad kksen annay amaziɣ i yettrefrifen di yal tikli, di yal amkan n tmurt tama n wannay n Lezzayer, zdin d atmaten. D tadyant-nni i d-isbanen tikli n udabu anda yezmer ad yaweḍ deg ubrid n tkerkas.
Wten ad rẓen tanekra s tuṭṭfa n imeɣnasen ɣer lḥebs di yal amkan. I nitni, ulac tanekra n ugdud, d takemmict n yemdanen kan i izemren ad tt-snekren. Ma ṭṭfen-ten, cudden-ten, ad ters. Ur iffiɣ leḥsab-sen, acku simmal tettimɣur tnekra ɣas rennun imeḥbas.
Tukksa n tikliwin di ddra n Covid-19 yusan-yasen-d d afares akken leqḍen imeɣnasen i yettwassnen. Wten ad d-ɣeḍlen qawsas s teɣdemt usekkak, anda i ssezrin imeḥbas, ad asen-sbibben iseggasen n lḥebs akked imelyunen n lexṭeyya, tikkal nebla ma slan imastanen-nsen.
Deffir tsusmi n Covid-19, tikliwin rennunt simmal di tɣermin n tmurt n Leqbayel. ‘’Les services’’ ufan-d amek zemren ad sxerben, ad sfeclen tanekra : ad ssiɣen times i itmurt, ad sserɣen tuddar akked yemdanen.
Ur qqimen di tmes-nni yenɣan nnig 200 yemdanen, i yesserven nnig 50 000 ha, wten ad tt-sbibben i MAK akked Rachad, zun d ikabaren irebraben, s ufus n tmura n Merruk akked Israël !
Wten ad rẓen tiwizi-nni d-ikkren di yal tamdint n tmurt, d tallalt i yal asafar, i usexsi n times, i tikci n tgella i wid yenṭerren ; taggara at udabu fkan d asfel yiwen ilemẓi (Djamel Bensmaïl) i d-yusan si Lexmis Melyana ɣer Larbaâ At Iraten akken ad issexsi times, nɣan-t deg ukarrus n imsulta syen fkan ad t-sserven yemdanen zdat wallen n tmurt, akken ad inin : ‘’hat-en Leqbayel d lewḥuc, ur zmiren ad gen tugdut, adabu d nekkni kan i yas-izemren…’’. Tawaɣit-nsen ur tt-yumin yiwen.
Taggara n tneggura, wwin-d zdat TV-nsen, zun wid yenɣan Djamel Bensmaïl, zun d imeɣnasen n MAK. Wid yenɣan ẓran-ten akk medden di yal video iteddun di internet, nitni wwin-d imdanen ur nelli deg umkan-nni, wid iwumi d-sselsen icettiḍen n wid yellan din. Wid yenɣa d iserdasen-nsen, sdergen-ten akkin. D urar n sinima !
Mi wten akken zemren s tḥila n ‘’ucengu n ugensu / ennemi intérieur’’, snulfan-d acengu n berra, timura n Merruk akked Israël. D taḥilett yettwassnen : akked ad iddukel wegdud d yiwen, snulfu-d acengu i d-iwḍen ɣer zdat tebburt !’’, akken ad ttun tilufa n udabu. D taḥilett i yurar yakan Ben Bella di 1963 (la guerre des sables) akken ad ibḍu amussu n FFS ; issaweḍ yebḍa Muḥend Welḥaǧ akked Lḥusin At Ḥmed.
Anbac aneggaru i d-ufan, akken ad skecmen tawekka ugar, d tukksa n tutlayt tamaziɣt deg wahil n uɣerbaz, suffɣen-tt zun mačči d tutlayt. D anbac ad d-irnun wiyaḍ.
Deffir tedyant n tifrarin n nunamber d-iteddun akken ad bedden igerwan n APC, ‘’les services’’ kecmen annar n ikabaren izemren ad ilin di temsizzelt n tifranin, zun d taseddart taneggarut n ‘’la normalisation’’, ad ttun yemdanen tiɣri n imelyunen i yessuturen si furar 2019 ad ikkes udabu wakali, ad d-ilal udabu amaynut ibedden ɣef tiɣri n Izzayriyen, s tafrent n tidett ur izdiɣ usekkak.
Azekka, ma teffeɣ fell-asen, akken ad sxerben ugar, ad rẓen amussu n furar, zemren ad d-snulfun timanit /autonomie n tmurt n Leqbayel s wudem n tagduda n Tchetchénie (autonomie à la Techtchène), syen ad as-sbedden yiwen uselway am Ramzan Kadyrov (2), ad isserwet akken yufa, ad d-ters ‘’talwit n iẓekwan’’.
Awal aneggaru, annar n tifrat n udabu di tmurt n Lezzayer mačči gar ifassen n iserdasen n DGSI, DRS, neɣ ismawen nniḍen. Akken llan d inelmaden n KGB, n FSB akked war isem, urar-nsen deg unnar n tɣirdemiwin, di tkerkas deg ur yelli uzref ur illi wemdan aɣerman/citoyen. Tamurt n Lezzayer tessaram ‘’transfert de technologies’’ yelhan i tgemmi n tmurt mačči d tamussni taberkant n KGB-FSB.
Annar n tifrat akken ad d-yuɣal udabu gar ifassen n Izzayriyen d win n tsertit, n talwit, mačči d win n tḥila akked tyitwin n usexreb (opérations de diversion) am userɣi n tmurt, ṭtrad akked Merruk, neɣ tilufa nniḍen ad d-innulfun azekka.
A.U L.
Timerna / Notes :
1) FSB est un service de renseignement de la Fédération de Russie, chargé des affaires de sécurité intérieure. Le FSB est le principal successeur du KGB soviétique, dissous en novembre 1991 après le putsch de Moscou. Le siège du FSB est situé à la Loubianka, à Moscou. Les officiers sont formés à l’Académie du FSB à Moscou.
2) Ramzan Kadyrov, président de la république autonome Tchétchène depuis 2007, membre de la Fédération de Russie. Il est l’homme de main de Poutine (nommé par Poutine à la présidence).


text:
Lwis XIII
Lwis XIII "uɣdim" mmis n Hanri IV akked Marie n Médicis ,ilul ass n 27 cutmber 1601 de waṣuk n Fontainebleau yemmut ass 14 magu 1643 deg aṣuk amaynut n Saint-Germain-en-Laye ,tisulya as akked tgeldunt anna n lɛerc n tutrict d aggemmu id yewwin sin warrac yiwen d Lwis XIV ad yeṭṭfen amḍiq is ma d wayeḍ Philippe duc d'Anjou ad yesenzu axxam n Orléans. Lwis XIII d agellid afransis si 1610 ar 1643 , tagelda as ɣmeṛ ɣef tecreḍ usenḍuḍeɛ n prutestiyen ,abellen mgar tagelda tutrict, dayen ad iwekden aɣmaṛ d yiɣil iserdasen n tmurt n franca di lber n turuft di tṛad n kṛadet iseggasen.


text:
Vendredi 7 mai 2021
Tafsut 41, Tafsut taberkant 20, lǧemaâ 116, Tamazɣa 2971… !
Illa wayen ibeddlen di tmurt-nnaɣ. Ayen ibeddlen ad d-iqqim deg yidles n tmurt acku yuɣ-d aẓar seg umezruy n tmurt, seg wakal-is di yal tama, seg idammen akked tidiwin n warraw-is.
Ayen ibeddlen d akud/lweqt d wamek iteddu wakud, d leḥsab-is i yesdduklen iḍelli akked uzekka, amezruy akked yimmal.
Yal agdud d-iṭṭfen ixef n usaru n wakud, iẓra ansi d-ikka, iẓra anda iteddu.
Asmi d-iffeɣ umezruy aqbur n tmurt, tekkes fella-as temdelt, s tedyant n Cacnaq ikecmen tamurt n Maser di -950 send Aâisa, tbeddel tmuɣli ɣef umezruy tmurt : « ziɣ nella si zik deg umezruy ! » i nnan kra.
Mi sbedden imeɣnasen (1) aseggas-nni d aseggas amenzu n umezruy, injer-d usalu i umezruy n tmurt, win iteddun abrid-is ɣer zdat, d abrid igedllen nnger.
Ass-a Imaziɣen llan deg useggas n 2971, iẓra-t yal wiyen/yiwet di Tmazɣa, am akken llan di israel di 5781, di Iran di 1400, i llan yinselmen di 1443. Yal agdud anwa i d asalu n umezruy-is.
Taɣuri n wayen yuran afella, d tamsirt/leçon :
1. Ayen izrin/yaâddan ur immut, illa.
Ass-a, Imaziɣen ffɣen-d si tmuɣli-nni d-ikecmen si tmurt n Waâraben, d tamuɣli tabedwit anda amdan ur iqqin ɣer wakal-is, ur iqqin ɣer wakud, iteddu gar igenni d tmurt n war isem, n war talast, rnan seddan-as awal-nsen : « « elli fat mat » / ayen izrin immut.
Ass-a, isebdaden/statues d-irennun di yal taddart, di yal tiɣremt (Aksil, Yugurten, Masnsen, Dihya, Abane, Lmulud, Lwennas, Yidir …), ssut-nsen yiwen : Iḍelli yella ur immut, ayen izrin illa ur immut, ibraren-nnaɣ (2) ad d-qqimen deg umezruy d inigan n tudert-nnaɣ n wass-a, n uzekka-nnaɣ.
Tafsut, Tafsut Taberkant, yal tanekra n ugdud, yal tikli d-irennun, ad arunt, ad qqiment d azamul n umezruy iddren, iteddun deg usalu anda ixef-is d tilelli n ugdud amaziɣ, akken bɣun ilin wuguren.
2. Tamsalt n tmuɣli ɣer umezruy aqbur n tmurt-nnaɣ tameqqrant, Tamazɣa, ur tezmir ad teddukel akked tin n imeṭṭurfan inselmen (islamistes), ama d wid n FIS, n GIA, n El Qaïda n DAECH, neɣ n yismawen d-irennun.
I nitni, tamuɣli yiwet : ayen illan d talsa, d tamussni, d amezruy qbel talalit-nsen, issefk ad ikkes, ad ihudd, ad irtem, ad yundal, ad inger.
Ur zmiren ad dduklen iberdan-nnaɣ.
Aumer U Lamara
Timerna / Notes.
1) Tajmilt tameqqrant i Amar Neggadi n udrar Awras (Tamerwant), akked imeɣnasen nniḍen n Ugraw Imaziɣen akked tdukliwin nniḍen.
2) Ibraren : wid yufraren nnig wiyaḍ deg umezruy, deg yiseɣ, tamussni, tabɣest… = les héros.


text:
Targit (tirga), [ZW] rêve (fr) - dream (en) - sueño (es) - حلم
Agdawal: tarjit, tawargit, tasbertit.
Addad amaruz: targit (tirga).
Ẓer daɣ: argu, myargu, ttwargu.
Imedyaten:
Amdan ur yezmir ad yedder war tirga, L'homme ne peut pas vivre sans rêves - El hombre no puede vivir sin sueños - لا يمكن للإنسان العيش بدون أحلام
Amzun d targit - C'est comme un rêve - Es como un sueño - و كأنه حلم
D aqcic ay yesɛan aṭas n tirga - C'est un garçon qui a pleins de rêves - Es un chico con muchos sueños - هو فتا لديه الكثير من الأحلام
Kra n tirga ttajjant yiwen ad yejbu ɣef yimal - Certains rêves sont un coup d'oeil sur l'avenir - Algunos sueños son una ojeada al futuro - تعطي بعض الأحلام لمحة عن المستقبل
Tirga yelhan a Yidir - Fais de beaux rêves, Yidir - Dulces sueños, Yidir -
Aql-iken deg - Vous êtes dans - You are in - Ustedes están en - أنتم في
Asegzawal n Tmaziɣt - Dictionnaire Amazigh - Français - Amazigh - English Dictionary - Diccionario Amazigh - Español - قاموس أمازيغي - عربي
(c) Omar Mouffok - Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen.


text:
Malṭa
Tga Malṭa yat tmazirt igan tagzirt ɣ iffus n urubba. Ism nns unṣib iga t Tagduda n Malṭa (s tmalṭiyt : Repubblika ta' Malta). Tamaẓunt nns tga tt Balita (Valletta). Tutlayin nns tunṣibin gant tnt : tamalṭiyt d tnglizt. Taggug nn f tuns s 284 km. zdɣn tt 475 000 n umdan. Tga tamazirt tiss mrawt akk imẓẓyn ɣ umaḍal.
Tarakalt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Mqqar tlla Malṭa ɣ Urupa mac tqqrb ula i Tafriqt.
Ṭalyan aygan tamazirt iyudsn i Malṭa zɣ tsga n Urupa, d Tuns d Libya zɣ tsga n Tafriqt.
Tamazirt ad tsuds zɣ 3 n tgzirin ituzdɣn nitni : Malṭa, Gudc d Kumuna. d tigzirin ur tuzdɣnin gan : Kumunat ,Filfila, d tgzirt n Umrabḍ bulus.
Anzwi[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Anzwi n Malṭa iga anzwi n yill Agrakal tanammast n taɣlt tlla gr 12 d 26 tafsna (taskflt) silasyuz (°C), d unẓar itawḍ ar 500 ml ɣ usggwas .
Imzdaɣ[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Uṭṭun imzdaɣ n Malṭa iga uggar n 400 000 n middn, mac tanẓẓi n middn tmqqur tawḍ ar attayn 1200 n imzdaɣ i Km2, acku tajjuma (surface) n Malṭa tmẓẓiy, tawḍ atayn, 94% n imzdaɣ n tmazirt ad zdɣn ɣ tmdinin, d ataya n 5% n ibṛaniyn.
Asgd[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tamasiḥit aygan asgd unṣib n tmazirt n Malṭa. Mac illa yan wuṭṭun imẓẓiyn n yisgdn yaḍnin.
Tutlayt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tutlayt Tamalṭit ay-gan tutlayt tunṣibt n Malṭa, nttat tga yat tutlayt tasammit(afru-azyatik) tatrart d atayn 60% zɣ tutlayt a aẓur nns d alatini d taɛrabt. Ar ttaran imalṭiyn tutlayt tamalṭit s agmmay alatin.
Izdayn n bṛṛa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Gov.mt asit unṣib n tnbaḍt n malṭa
- Laws of MaltaA summary of principal laws and glossary of terms.
- Laws of MaltaThe Official Laws Of Malta website.
- Chief of State and Cabinet Members
- The Maltese Armed Forces official website
- Malta Environment and Planning Authority's
- FinanceMalta official website
Ẓeṛ ula[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Migration Malta
- Migration Malta
- Malta – Wiki about Malta containing both general and travel related information
- Malta from UCB Libraries GovPubs
- Malta profile from the bbc news
- MaltaMedia – online news
- The Times of Malta
- Asit f tmallayt ɣ Malṭa