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@iPshel
di lwesst n lherd x yiger n technology. Yenna-yi ijjen, ij n useqsi, yeqqim itenned-ayi deg uzellif. Inna‑dd: ttegged cwayt n “Deep web”?.
“Deep web” niɣ web‑yullɣen aṭṭas it‑ittxellaten aked web‑yessullssen “Dark web”. Nitni d tnayen leḥwayej msebḍan munen di tecti. Ḥima a nebḍa jer‑asen. Ad newc ij n umeḍya:
Lerifian.fr aqqet di web‑nurmal. Izemmer ijj zi ṭṭerf ad t-yadef ad iẓer min dag-s. Amcnaw mamek zemmaren imulluɣen “Inni yettmulluɣen[1]” (Crawlers). Imulluɣen-a mani mma tella ca n tefrayt di web nurmal, ssnen‑tet. Melmi mma tbaned ca n icten d jjdid. Ad xaf-s rzun. S degga marra, web nurmal izemmer ijj zi ṭṭerf ad ɣer‑s yadef. Degga ittawi‑aneɣ ɣer web‑yullɣen d weni yessullsen.
Web‑yullɣen. Imsebḍa x weni nurmal deg ij n ḥajet. Wer izemmer ijjen zi ṭṭerf a ɣer‑sen yaweḍ. Ifututen‑nni deg uklawd, (iCloud, niɣ Google Photos). Yudef deg-s ula d lehwayej i ɣer yewdan di Google Drive, yellan wer izemmer ḥed bla bab‑nsent a ɣer‑sent yaweḍ. Deep web yudef dag-s ula d Data n midden. Data n imehlak di seppiṭarat. Data n ccarakat i ittilint nnufrent. Ura d e-mails aqqa‑ten di web‑yullɣen.
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Maca xmi idd‑ɣa‑nas ɣer web‑yessullsen, Tbarda ttneqlab. Dark web wer zemmren a ɣer-s awḍen imulluɣen-nni niɣ d iwdan zi ṭṭerf. Issiten yellan di web yessullsen yeqseḥ ad ten‑tesned. Yeqseḥ ad ɣer-sen tawḍed. Isiten iyellan ssullsen wer tkemmilen ca s “.com” niɣ “.net” niɣ ca nneɣni. Isiten yessullsen tkemmalen s “.onion”. Ttraḥen zeg ufus ɣer ufus. Iqseḥ ijjen zi ṭṭerf a ɣer-sen yadef. Minzi tteḥwajan ij n uprugram spisyal i itejjan wi yexsen a ɣer-s tili tzemmer ad iẓer min deg-sen deg isiten yessullsen.
Web‑yessullsen netta ggint iwdan ḥima ad jjen weni it‑issxeddamen wer itwassan ɣer ḥed. Ggin‑t ḥima ad tilid tennufred zeg yenni iḥettan deg web nurman. Ggin‑t ḥima a din ilin inni ixeddmen deg ujurnal , d imeɣnas deg iger n tlelli. Web issullsen itejja-ten ad ssiwḍen lxedmet niɣ iɣuyyan‑nsen i marra dunnyit, bla ma ggʷden ad ttwaṭṭfen.
Web yessullsen ittwaxdem s ij n lxedmet tejja‑t ad yejj weni it‑isxeddamen yennuffer. Degga wer t‑yejji ca ad yili ittwasexdam di min yecnan waha. Tnuffra‑nni i deg-s, tejja inni ɣer tella nniyet d taɛeffant ad t‑sxedmen ra d nitni. Suyenni, udem n web yessullsen wessxen‑t. Idwel dag-s uzenzi n ddruga s yeklusa‑nnes marra. Azenzi n yegmanen (Organ) n yewdan. D marra min izemmer bnadem a deg-s ixaress.
Urid web yessullsen waha i ttuɣa yellan d ij n lḥajet d tasebḥant di beddu-ness. I dewlen d ca wer yeḥli. Netta d ijj zeg waṭṭas n tmeslayin yecnan i ggin yewdan, maca dayɛen‑tent yewdan‑nneɣni.
[1] Imuturen n tarezzut, Amcnaw Google d Bing d Yandexx, Yer‑sen can arrubut lxedmet‑nsen ad rzun deg web tt‘arcifan marra min zemmern ad Yer-s awḍen.


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Tukksa n FLN d azamul n… Lezzayer tamaynut !
Adabu yekker ad d-iniwel abazin n tafrent iwumi yessen si 1962. Di 2021, ur illi umaynut, ur d-ildi abrid nniḍen, win i sarmen imelyunen n Izzayriyen.
Aheggi n tifranin n APN akked APW di tlata wagguren d-iteddun, iban d askunner n teḥraymit, ur d-igellu s wayen ilhan i tmurt : « Anda llan ixerwiḍen, illa wayen iffren ».
Mačči d tazzla neɣ d aɣiwel i d ugur, d wid issefken ad azzlen i d ugur amezwaru. Ur tezmir ad d-tili tafrent iteddun ad d-teslal ‘’Lezzayer tamaynut’’ s ikabaren yesnegren tamurt : FLN, RND, MSP, TAJ, MPA, atg.
Am akken ur tezmir ad d-tili tafrent n tidett skud illa udabu nnig udabu, ‘’les services’’ n war udem ur issin yiwen, wid ibeṭṭun imukan i yikabaren, qbel ad d-tili tafrent, efk-as i wa, ekkes-as i win, zun d urar n damma, d asekkak.
D tilufa-ya i d-isnekren Izzayriyen dduklen si furar 2019, akken ad tbeddel ɣef lsas.
Siweḍ akeddab ar tabburt
Ugur ameqqran d tamsalt n ukabar n FLN. Skud illa FLN d akabar gar ifassen n udabu, ur tezmir ad tbeddel tmurt. Acku « FLN mačči d akabar, d ayla n Izzayriyen si 1954 » (1).
Tigawt tamezwarut n Teboune, qbel yal tafrent, issefk isem n FLN ad iffeɣ si tsertit, ad ikcem amkan-is deg umezruy, ad t-lemden imeẓyanen deg uɣerbaz.
Abrid nniḍen akk d tikellax.
Ma yekkes FLN deg unnar, yuɣ amkan-is deg usalay/musée n umezruy, ad tekkes temsizzelt usekkak. Ass-nni, ad tbeddel udem
Maca, ass-a mačči d abrid-nni i yuɣ udabu. Netta yeẓẓa tuẓẓal yiwet tikkelt, tamurt ines, mačči d ayla n ugdud azzayri. Sin iseggasen-aya tiɣri n ubrid teqqar « tamurt d ayla-nnaɣ, ad neg rray-nnaɣ ». Adabu ur d-ifki tameẓẓuɣt i tiɣri n ubrid.
Tasertit n udabu ur teddi ad tbeddel, acku i nitni ‘’agdud Azzayri ur issaweḍ i tugdut’’.
Tasuddest-is (sa stratégie) tefka ɣer yiwet lewhi : ad sberken amussu/lḥirak, ad d-snulfon ayen ur nelli, ad skecmen Izzayriyen ɣer leḥbus di yal tama, ad skecmen ccek gar yemdanen, ma ufan ad snekren imennuɣen gar Izzayriyen akken ad d-bedden nitni afella, i tifrat.
Taggara, ad heggin amkan, d tagelda i warraw-nsen.
Aumer U Lamara
Timerna / Notes :
1) Asmi d-snulfan taḥilett-nni ‘’Parti du Front de Libération Nationale’’, di tallit n parti unique, Kateb Yacine inna-yas : ‘’si c’est une partie de quelque chose de plus important (la majorité du peuple algérien), alors elle est où cette autre partie, et elle s’exprime où ?’’ (citation de mémoire).

robotstxt: allowed

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Mohamed Aouattah, ittwassnen s yisem n Ibarqi. D abeqquy mmi-s n Tala Yusf. Izdeɣ gi Biyya ag twacunt-ines mani ixdem d abeḥri am waṭṭas n yergazen n Biyya n wakud-nni. Zggʷami illa, yudef-it umnus n bnadm ameẓluḍ, icca-t wul-ines x tmurt-ines d tarwa n tmurt-ines. Wi issnen Ibarqi, xmi t-idd-ttidaren, ttidaren-dd targazt d tɣensa d ssxawet d ubeddi ag yewdan.
Aswizi-ines g umussu ameɣnas n ibeḥriyyen ur ɣer-s bu lḥedd. Igga afus gi tlalit n waṭṭas n nnaqabat i ɣa issersen amnus n ibeḥriyyen gi lajunda n tɣensa tanaqabit.
G umeggaru n isggʷusa n 70, ibedd x tlalit n nnaqaba n ibeḥriyyen g wammas n Tmunt Tamatant n Ixeddamen n Lmeɣrib (UGTM). Zi ssin d tsawent, immutti ar Tkunfidiralit Tadimuqraṭit n Lxedmet d Tmunt Tameɣrabit n Lxedmet. Marra manaya ḥuma ad yaf araq i ɣa yeksin amnus d idetti i tudert n tɛenkraf n ibeḥriyyen.
Eizi Ibarqi, ijja-anɣ ass n iḍennaṭ, iksi akid-s aqeṭṭus zeg-neɣ, ijja-aneɣ-dd maca lwert d ameqqran mala nṣun-it, neḍfer-it, a danɣ-isseɣna.
Iseṭṭiren-a ur das-tterrin i Ɛizi Ibarqi min yuca i Arrif, min igga ur t-qqirent tuddimin-a n wawalen. Nessitim a dd-yas wass min ɣa das-ittwagg ccan i istahell.
Aɛzzi-inu i twacunt-ines, tameẓẓyant d tmeqqrant d Biyya d Arrif amen illa!!
Skuta g wafra ay argaz amqqran!!
Tura‑t: Asmaa Aouattah


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Ɛebdelwaḥed ḤENNU
Aṭṭas n twalatin nettesla i wawal-a yettwaqqar, xmi ca n yijjen ittexs ad yeṭṭef taɣennant x ca n lḥajet, yeqqar: « necc ɣer-i tuli tuli », zeɛma am wi yeqqaren; wer ttɛiqqibeɣ ɣer deffar, lli liha liha!
Maca min wer ssinen waṭṭasn n yewdan; illa awal-a ɣer-s tḥajit-nnes. Alik-awem-tt:
Yuɣer yij urifi i wurtan-nnes tettwaker zeg-sen tazart, uca yejjull ; ya wenni ɣa yeqbes deg wurtu-nnes, ad yesduxxen yemma-s s tezwict.
Ij n wass, yeedu x leirst-nnes ad yessijj, ittwala ca n yijjen deg wurtu ittekkes tazart. Yeelef s tazzla, yeksi tazwict, ineyyec deg-s.
Yeẓra-t-idd wenni, yebda ittnakad-it-idd : « ahda a baba, necc d mmi-c! »
Yerra x-as netta s temɣendeft: « lexxu tuli tuli »!
Uca yesduxxen-itt deg-s.
Zi ssenni, yeqqim d awal: « tuli tuli ».
Ɣer ɛawed: Mala d asnuɛtar aqa snuɛtareɣ-ac, mala nnec ruḥ ḍelq-as!


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« dag-i amnus-nnsen. Iggur a ten-nɣen, neccin ad aneɣ-sweḍḍren ».
Umi Rita Piripkura tebda tessawal ɣer Kamira, ttuɣa ssuṭ-nnes igga ca n ddeg.
Tamɣart-a innumɣaren tessawal da x uma-s Baita d wayyaw-nnes Tamandua deg ij n wemsawal ittwazemmem, ittwafsar di Cutenbir i yeɛdan.
Tlata-ya n yewdan d ayenni i iqqimen zeg ijjen wagdud ttuɣa ittedder weḥḥed-s. Agdud-a qqaren-as Piripkura. Netta d ijj n teqbilt tzeddeɣ deg wammas n Braẓil, alaḥsab imeḍfaren, qqaren ila « gguren ad nqaḍan » minzi ittuqiɛ wefras n leɣwabi d tarewsa bla lqanun di jjwayeh mani zeddɣen nitni.
Rita nettat aqqa-tt tettemsawaḍ aked iberraniyen, maca Baita d Tamandua kkalen deg Wamaẓun wer issin ḥedd mani llan. Tettegg°ed nettat ad yili uḥewwes i wemkan mani zeddɣen nitni, a ten-ineɣ nitni.
D amseksi yexsar zeg umezwaru
Agdal (préserve) n Piripkura aqqa-t di jjihet n Mati Grosso, raq-a i d-ijebbden ifellaḥen umi icerreg uɛeddis, mani agdal-a ixsar amseksi-nnes akid-sen. Ifellaḥen-a i iferrsen lɣabet terran-tet d tibeḥḥar cerrzen-tent, akid-sen d-nerni ula d inezdamen, izeddmen, ttqessasen ikcwaḍ n lɣwabi. Manaya zeɛma, waxxa agdal Piripkura, yeḥḍa-t uzref Abraẓili.
Mala Ipiripkuriyen zi lebda ttsugen x-asen iberraniyen ca n tasalt zi mani, nettaf afras leɣwabi immerni zegga ttyarita : deg ijj n uneqqis ittwafsaren di beddu n Nufember, dag-s ca n ifuṭuten mmalen-d ddeg-a n tikkest n leɣwabi.
Ijj n tracca n tmesmunin tenna belli alaḥal 24 ukilumiṭer murebbeɛ n leɣwabi ifersen deg wegdal n Piripkura jar tɣuct n 2020 d yulyuz n 2021 waha.
Manaya ittic-aneɣ-dd 3000 n ineḍraren n tcamma n uḍar munen.
Igdalen-nniḍen n imezdaɣ imezwura deg Ubraẓil ttemseksin kunṭra i inezdamen, ifellaḥen d inni irezzun x lmeɛden. Agdud n Piripkura aqqa-t zzat i ijj n lḥal d aɛeffan s waṭṭas.
« Wer dasen-iqqim walu a ten-nɣen, zemmren a ten-nɣen deg wussan i d-ittasen ». Manaya i tenna Sarah Shenker i BBC, tameggarut-a i ittbeddan aked tseqqar n wagduden imezwura.
« iḥewwasen ayenni wwḍen ttadsen ɣer Baita d Tamandua ».
Leonardo Lenin, ijjen umzday d aqdim n Funai, i yellan d xinsiya d Tabraẓilit n tmeslayin n imezdaɣ imezwura, ixdem aṭṭas x tqebbal n Mato Grosso, yeqqar ila qa din aṭṭas n wanẓaten (preuves) i d-immalen ila iberraniyen ttenɛeddan x wegdal ».
Ass-a amɣar n OPI (ameẓray n tseqqar n wemdan n imezdaɣ imezwura) i yellan d ijj n tmesmunin i yeggint ijjen uneqqis x Piripkura, yeqqar uneqqis-nni aqqa afras iwweḍ ar 5 KM x iraqqen mani ttilin Baita d Tamandua mani ttuɣa ten-ẓrin, d wemkan i di jjin ɛawed later-nnsen.
Ddeg-a n leɛbar i din jar-asen ittban ila issbeḥ i nitni, maca mala nekker a nexzer agdal-a nettaf dag-s 2430 n Km murebbeɛ, a naf ila s tidet aqqa udsen ɣer-sen.
« aqqa-ten deg ijjen lxaṭar d ameqqran, manaya wer dag-s illi ccekk ». I yenna Lenin.
« Mamec i nesla i la din ca n ineqqisen-nniḍen qqaren aqqa imeggiwsen (des inspecteurs) n Funai (Xinsiya Tabraẓilit n uḥeṭṭu n twennaḍt) ttuɣa hudden x-asen iḥewwasen ».
Ij n lḥal d aɛeffan n tqebbal ittwaḥerzen
Taqbilt n Piripkura d ij n wemaknaw min xef qqaren imerzuten deg wagduden imezwura umi ttlaɣan –tiqebbal bla amsawaḍ- ittsemma d agduden niɣ d igrupputen d imeẓẓyanen wer ɣer-sen ula d ij n wemsawaḍ aked jjwaren-nnsen niɣ mamec mma igga ca n ijj zeg umaḍal Aberrani.
Nettqeddar ila din ca n 100 zeg igrupputen-a i yellan deg umaḍal, azgen-nnsen aqqa-ten deg Wamaẓun.
Ddegg-a n weḥraz ittas-d awerni imseksiten aked iḥewwasen, Piripkura ula nitni ɣer-sen lḥeqq-nnsen zi ddegg-a n imxumbal.
Aṭṭas zzag-sen nɣin-ten deg iseggusa n sebɛin, iḥewwasen ggin dag-sen ɣezzu, sseɛdan-asen lehlakat ameknaw ddemɛun i ten-inneqqen minzi ddat-nnsen ɛemmers i ma ttuɣa tessen ca n lehlak qqaren-as « arrwaḥ ».
Rita ɛad tetteɛqal x ijjen tɣarsiwt, mani tesɛa zeg inni ɣer-s yudsen i yenɣin.
Nɣin-ten (zeɛma iḥewwasen), d neccin ila ixess-aneɣ a nerwel ». I tenna.
Manaya issenqes aṭṭas zi nnumru-nnsen, Lenin ittwala belli ddegg-a n imseksiten i ijja tabridt n tudert-nnsen tbeddel.
« Iles-nnsen dag-s iwalen i ssawalen x tfellaḥt, manaya ixes ad yini ila ɣer-sen ij n wamun n tfellaḥt di min yeɛdan ».
Wami mmelqan Funai aked Piripkura di twalat tamezwarut deg useggas n 1984, ixeddamen nnan-d ila wer yeqqim zzag-sen xenni ḥa 15 ar 20 zzag-sen deg wegdal.
Maca yallah Baita d Tamandua weḥḥd-sen i yessnen lux zeg useggas n 1990.
Fabricio Amorim, ijjen zeg inni ig ixeddmen x wagduden imezwura, ixdem ula aked Piripkura, idettet (il a affirmé) ila Baita d Tamandua ila iydaren-d belli qa din ca n « lwaidin » ttsuḥen di lɣabet di ca n yemsawaḍen akid-sen izwaren.
« Amxumbel wer d-ssiwlen qqaɛ x ddegg-a n lwalidin ca n iseggusa zi mani. Manaya wer ixes ca ad yini belli qa mmuten, maca ɛawed manaya maci d ijj n lexbar d asebḥan ». Inɛem Amorim.
« Wer nzemmer a nessen ma din ca n Piripkura di jjwayeh-nni nniḍen ma lla, maca manaya izemmer ad iɛawen a neḥḍa igudal-nnsen kṭer ». Yerni yenna.
Deg ij n wemsawaḍ n Funai, tenna belli aqqa tettegg tizemmar-nnes bac ad teḥḍa timura n wegdal-a, ad tewwec macca, ad adfen imezdaɣ ɣer seḥḥet ».
Maca Rita teqqar ila iwalen weḥḥed-sen wer tteggen walu i yimal n wegdud-nnes.
Ass-a, qa tettɛic deg ijj n wegdal-nniḍen ṭṭerf i Karipuna, tiwwi ijjen zeg ayt bab n teqbilt-a, tettɛawan aṭṭas Funai bac ad adfen ɣer Mato Grosso. Maca wer tudif ɣer wegdal n Piripkura zi beddu n Kuruna, tettegg°ed a tili weḥḥd-s i yeqqimen zi teqbilt-nnes.
« Kul twalat ttraḥeɣ ɣer wegdal, ttafeɣ ticejjura weṭṭant kṭer ukṭer. Aṭṭas n iberraniyen i din d-itasen ».
« Zemmren deɣya deɣya ad nɣen uma d wayyaw-inu ». D nettat tettja iwdan ad rren taynit i manaya.


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Umi ɛdan 99 iseggusa zeg wami sbedden Irifiyen tayduda-nnsen. Lerifain ad idwel s isuraf ɣer deffer. Ad dd-newwec i imeɣareyn-nneɣ, ijjen rebɛa n iseddan. Nessawal dag-sen x mamec tebna tayduda d mayen yemsaren ar mani tuḍa.
Umi txes Fransa ad teɣḍel tayduda n Arrif
Deg wass n 13 abril 1924 ad sugen Irifiyen xf wammas n Amejjuṭ i yudsen i temdint n Taza. Irifyen ila llan ɣar lqendaret n « Aynawen » yegg°jen xf tiɣermt n Fass s 30 ukilumiter. Timsrayin-a ad jjent Fransa ad tessek ijjen ureqqas ɣar uxccab Umɣar qqaren-as Kabrilli. Xenni inna Mulay Muḥned belli tayduda Tarifect rebda tuɣa tessitim ad teddar deg wafra ak Fransa. Maca tameggarut-a nettat yexsen ad tsiweḍ tameqqant-a am xef tedja rexxu. Mamec yenna Mulay Muḥned «Fransa nettat yexsen ad tḥewwes Arrif …ixess-as ad tenɛem s uzarug n Arrif»
Maca di tidet Fransa ɛemmars ma dja txes ad tejj Arrif ad yeddar deg wafra d tirelli. Di yunyu 1925 di Madrid ad ittwagg ijjen wegraw ad ismun Fransa d Spanya. Maḥend ad zedyen jar-asen deg umenɣi i ten-ismunan kunṭra i tayduda Tarifect. Deg wakud-nni ad tekkes Fransa Lmarical Lyuṭi. Ad tegg deg wemkan-nnes ijjen marical nneɣni qqaren-as i ysem-nnes Tyudur stig. Ad tessek iɛeskariyen-nnes ig icarcen deg umenɣi amedlan wis ijjen.
Di 8 Cutenbir 1925 ad issenta uzday jar Fransa d Spanya. Maca di tidet imri ttuɣa yiweḍ Mulay Muḥend ɣar ca n ufuɣ ak Fransa. Bac war kid-s ittidef ca deg umenɣi minzi d azegal d ameqqran ad tmenɣed aked tnayen tidwas timeqqranin deg umaḍal.
Da Fransa ad tssujed abarru zeg iɛeskariyen-nnes zzay-sen 325 aref n urgaz d 44 n wayraf n teylalin (tṭyaratt). Ujar zi 52 ujiniral amec yenna asertan Afranssis Birkillu stirman deg wawar-nnes di tmesmunt tanamurt. Itwazzmem aseqqim-nnes deg wass n 02 yunyu 1956. Maci ɣir manaya waha, rni x-as min issujed Leglawi ameqqran n lmexzen ktar zi 400 aref n urgaz d Imarrak aked 100 aref uryaz d aspanyu.
Mara nekkar ad neyru marra utṭunen a ad naf ujar zi 800 aref n uryaz kuntra i ca n ruruf d udrusen zeg uɣezḍis n irifiyen i tuɣa war teɛdi 150 aref tkmer. Maca di tidet nettaff ɛawed ra d imirikanien ttuɣa-ten ak impiryalien. Ina dja tṭfen aɣezḍis n teylalin, di setta imalasen twaggent ujar zi 350 n tsekkirin, tendar ujar zi 40 tṭun n rmaynatt.
Agraw n Ujda
Deg yeyyar-a ad tessek Fransa ɣar Mulay Muhned huma ad ittwagg ijjen wegraw di Ujda. Ad day-s innurzem umsawaḍ jar sin iɣezdisa umenɣi ḥuma ad awḍen ɣar ca n ufuɣen i tmukrist tarifect. Xenni ad issek Mulay Muḥned aneɣlaf n tmesrayyin n barra Muḥmed Azarqan. Maca aked unurzem n wegraw-a banent-id timesrayin i tent ɣa yarẓen, zi min ggin Ifransisen x Irifiyen nettaf maanaya:
Ijjen: ad irin irifiyen adu wenbaḍ ujedjid
Tnayen: ad ssigwjen Mulay muhned
Tlata: amsbudder inecraf
Rebɛa: ad kksen i tqebbar resnah
Zzat umi ɣa adfen irifiyen deg unugisyar ak Fransa. Nitni tettaren ad tenɛem s uzarug n teyduda tarifect. Maca min d-yessares uḥewwes ijja agraw-a ad yarreẓ awru-d i ma ad irur. Amec ttwaran ca imarezzuten deg yeyyar umezruy belli agraw-a d tastratijit zi Fransa ɣir ḥuma ad tarnu ɣar-s akud. Amya ad munen impiryalien ad hejmen xf Arrif zg yeffus, izzelmeḍ, asammar d uɣedjuy-nes. S ca n n uzyen melyun uɛeskari zeg ifransisen d Ispunya d Imarrakcien, Idzayrien, Itunsien d ifirkiyen itawssnen s Lgum.
Asexdem n warhaj
S usuyes n warhaj ad awḍen ad sscemḍen redcur s iwḍan-nnes d marra min yeddaren di tmurt n Arrif. Min yegga uzeyyar ad as-ikemmer arhaj. Tuɣa iqseh s watṭas xef Irifiyen hima ad siɣan deg umenɣi nsen deg uswir-nni i zi bdan. Zzat i wayrafen n tṭyaratt i tuɣa tettsqada Fransa zi remrasi-nnes. Da issiwer Walter Parris areqqas n uɣemmis n Times talundunit xfe min yezra :
«…min daneɣ-ittejjan nettebheḍ netta d assuyes n remaynatt xf waccawen deg wakud mani yeryazen izemmaren ad ksin resnah tiri war djin di tiɣermt. S wayraf n teylalin timirikaneyyin s twiza aked tenni Tifransisin. X manaya ruhen d taɣtast attas n temḍarin d ihnjiren, mac nnyezmen attas zzay-sen, carfen-ten»
Rmaynatt-nni idja seccuren s rgaz n Lvaskin iɛeddmen deg idmaren. D rgaz n lluset iɛeddmen di tirmect d tarut. D rgaz n ddug d lklurikit iɛeddmen di tittawin d tarut. Arni-d ɣar-sen attas n ddwab n rgazat ineqqen am rgaz n NB d lfusfur awraɣ. D rgaz n ilikṭrun d uxerdal d luksul. Yeqqar aduktur Ctultsburg Pugu «Stolzberg Hugo» deg yeyyar-a:
« rmayna n Llust itessuyes taylalt deg imenɣi itegga Spanya di Marrakec mgal i tqebbar tireffyin. Tiwi-d ict trennawet deɣya deɣya xef ubriḍ n usezubi n dcurat yedjan xf timura n wezru niɣ deg iraqqen n wedrar» . Yareni yeqqar ɛaweḍ « ijjen xf 500 (1\500) zeg ict tudimt zi Lgaz n llust izemmar ad yarr ires ixmej min tt ɣad yejjen ad immet bab n yires»
Di 27 mayyu 1926, Mulay muhend umi ittwara ila tettmsara ict temɣarsut zzat-nnes. Amadal amen ikmel isqar, ixess ad isbedd manaya iwca ixf-ines i Fransa, xenni ad yekk ujar zi 21 ussgwas di teyzirt n Larinyun.


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Tamɣart: zi Gisèle ɣer Lina
Deg wass n 28/07, temmut ijjen tmeṭṭuḍt i ttuɣa ittemmseksin s waṭṭas x tseqqar n temɣarin di Fransa d umaḍal, Gisèle Halimi, d tudayt zi Tunes, tedder di Fransa. Ttuɣa-tt d tabuɣawt tegga tizemmar-nnes d timeqqranin maḥend ad tbedd aked uɣezdis n temɣarin d tseqqar-nnsent. Deg usegg°as n 2006 tura ijjen udlis qqaren-as « La kahina ».
Adlis n « La kahina », tura-t Gisèle, minzi tuɣa baba-s ameqqran d lwacun-nnes ttɛawaden-as x temɣart-a Tamaziɣt umi ila tedder di Tunes di temẓi-nnes. Zi senni teysi aṭṭas n ixarrisen x temɣart-a tilellit i tuɣa ittbeddan deg wudem n uḥewwes Aɛrab.
« Dihya » ɣer Gisèle d tamɣart nican, aya qbel ma ad tessen ixef-nnes ila la nettat d Tmaziɣt ameknaw tajellidt-a, s uya zi temẓi-nnes tɣewweɣ Gisèle x baba-s i tuɣa isnuffren lexbar n tlalit-nnes minzi issedḥa ad ɣer-s tili ijjen tḥenjirt.
Mamec tettɛawad Gisèle x temɣart deg wagdud Atunsi, deg wakud-nni d mamec tegga tizemmar-nnes maḥend ad tesnufsel ixef-nnes zi leɛwayed n wudayen n Safardim, d mamec tiweḍ ad tcuqq ijjen umenɣi d ameqqran x tlelli n Temɣart di Fransa. Akids manaya lxedmet-nnes n tbuɣawt ula aked uɣezdis n tmesmunin ijj-itt maḥend ad tili tettwassen s waṭṭas. Maca zeg uɣezdis nniḍen d manaya ig ittrajan tamɣart Tarifit ad t-ttegg di Arrif, maḥend ad tekkes taɛejjajt x ixef-nnes, ad dag-s tewwet tfuyt n barra.
Lina: Tɣuyyit n ijjen temɣart d Tarifiyt
Deg wass n 28/07, ittsemma deg wass s ixef-nnsen i di temmut Gisèle tafiminist tameqqrant di Fransa d Tmazɣa, tura Lina Ccrif, ig idjan d ijjen tnaẓurt d Tarifit, tettedder di Fransa -tura- ijjen tteddwina di Facebook, abarru n yiwdan i dd x-as ikumunṭan, tettkritika dag-s, Lina, lḥal n temɣart di Arrif.
Izemmar ad yili d ccwarti manaya, deg wass i di texsi titrit n umenɣi x temɣart (ass n lmewt n Gisèle), dag-s i tesḍuqquz Lina aɛebbuz x wul-nnes, maḥend ad tili nettat d ijjen titrit nniḍen n umenɣi, ḥima tayyawin n Dihya ad awḍent ɣer tseqqar i tuɣa yellan ɣer Ḥenna-tsent.
Icten qqaren-as S.D tura x ttedwina n Lina: « Awal-nnem isenhezz mkul tamɣart, axmi trucced tamellaḥt x uyezzim. Da manaya ig illan s usḥissef, Argaz ɣer-s lḥeq tamɣart lla, ijjen wagdud ittbedda aked wargaz ittreẓẓa imezran n temɣart, mamec ɣa negg ad nessyem ijjen tasatc tettmsumuḥ s manaya? »
Ijjen nniḍen qqaren-as S.B wer kid-s dd-yusi ca deg wawal-nnes, yenna-dd » nec wer ssineɣ ad « snuffreɣ ».. Tter ɣer Sidi Rebbi ad cem-iɛawen, ɣer usnuffer… » Waxxa amenni, aṭṭas n tḥudryin, nnant ila ttacant s min tura Lina, axmi tessiwel s yiles-nnsent, izemmer ad yili manaya d tawwurt ɣer usnufser n temɣart Tarifit?
Ar da, ad nagg°ej x wawalen i yettwafsaren x ttedwina n Lina, ijjen tḥudriyt d Tarifiyt tura ijjen wawal izemmer ad yini kulci x lḥal n temɣart Tarifit: « itɛin lmasek yewḍa, ixess-aneɣ ad nenɛem necnin timɣarin n Arrif ila neyma-dd, nlul-dd di leḥbes […] ɣir ad dd-banen iffan n tḥenjirt ataf rezzun ad tt-smelcen, minzi da ataf tessgwaded-ten, wenni ig iqqaren aqqa « tamɣart d tagrawla » tettafed-tt isjeyyaf weltma-s di kuzina »
Deg unhezzi ameggaru i yeẓra Arrif (2016/2017), tban-dd temɣart tarifit di berra la d nettat tesɣuyyu x tseqqar-nnes, maca waxxa amenni maci di marra ibilajen n Arrif ila dag-sen twasit n temɣart, nettaf di tneddam timeqqarnin waha ameknaw Nnaḍur d Biyya, ibilajen imeẓẓyanen ɛad tamɣart Tarifit wer tezɛim ad tetteffeɣ. Yettɣima waya d ijjen lhajet yettic asitem deg yimal, mani ila qbel, Tamɣart ila wer telli qaɛ di berra.
« Xseɣ ad ugureɣ » d awal iyezzem
Lebda ila ttariɣ x tmexsa inu i Arrif.
Zi lebda ssawaleɣ x wanict i ttexseɣ Sswani.
X uẓuyyet n temẓi-inu.
X idurar, ttexseɣ-ten. Mani tedwel lewḍa isfaqqa-dd dag-i amelli.
Ffɣeɣ zi Arrif d nnec ɣar-i 18 issgusa, qbel i manaya.
Ddreɣ di Arrif, dag-s lwacun-in, idurar d lebḥurat, mani drus mani tteɛqaleɣ ila ffɣeɣ x lwacun-inu, baba ila yella lebda akid-i.
Sliɣ tiḥuja sxeyyaqent, x temɣarin ɣer-sent Arrif d leḥbes ɛad teddrent dag-s. Xmi ttemseqsa ijjen temɣart, temɣer, ad yili txeddem, ad yili lla, teysi azellif-nnes x babas:
Mani ila tellid? Wi ked? Ma s tidet mayen qqaren jjiran? Maca wer fhimeɣ ila Arrif-nni dag-i teẓẓu, tuɣa-t deg uzellif-inu waha, iẓẓu-t baba, s waṭṭas n ukarfes, yemma s ijjen umseysi d ameqqran, d weltma s wudem-nnes anemraḥ. Wer fhimeɣ tenni ig ittsafaren ɣer Malaga, zeg ijjen tmurt d tawruppit d nettat tegg°ej s cwayt n ikilumiṭren x Arrif i t-tettxes, maca tegnu, wer tzemmer ad tessiwel.
Ass-a, kter zi mayen yeɛdan, dewleɣ ttessneɣ Arrif weḥḥdi twalat-a, bla lwacun-inu, mani ttnuffureɣ, ufiɣ ila tteddreɣ ijjen Arrif wer yelli… Xenni fehmeɣ tameddukelt-nni dag-i iqqaren:
Wer ttikiɣ ila tteddreɣ di Arrif, ixess-ayi ad ɛelmeɣ ijjen wemkan yecna ad dag-s iliɣ d ixef-inu. Arrif, d ijjen tmurt teqseḥ, waxxa ɣa yili Arrif-a d argaz niɣ d tamɣart niɣ di ci ddab nniḍen.
Marra tilelli-nni i zi ukiɣ, ijjen cwayt tennecref, dewleɣ tturjiɣ, tturjiɣ ad ugureɣ, wer qqimeɣ ad ẓẓuyteɣ amkan-a. Tturjiɣ ad nedheɣ ṭṭumubin-inu di Arrif, ad dewleɣ ɣer taddart melmi-mma xseɣ, bla ma ad akiɣ s tgerzawt.
Tturjiɣ ad mmelqiɣ (t)imeddukal-inu, zzag-sen irgazen, bla ma ad sfehmeɣ i ḥedd maɣar.
Tturjiɣ zeg ijjen Arrif, ad ksiɣ taqiḍunt-inu, ad ḥḍiɣ aɣelluy… weḥḥdi.
Tturjiɣ wer ittliɣi ḥedd i baba di ttilifun, « ad ayi-ifḍeḥ minzi akidi imeddukal d iwtman d ca n wemkan » inni ig issen, isɛizza-ten.
Tturjiɣ ad ugureɣ deg yebriden, bla ma ad xzareɣ ma arruḍ yus-d d wenni netta niɣ lla?
Tturjiɣ ad ẓwiɣ abrid bla ma ad ssujdeɣ i lxezrat-nni i xaf-i itteḥkamen, asesleɛ, imsarwasen i yegg°jen x bnadem.
Tturjiɣ s ijjen Arrif wer dag-s ikessi ca baba s wemnus xaf-i d nnec ɣar-i 23 issgusa.
Tturjiɣ s ijjen Arrif nec aqqa-ayi dag-s d tilellit.
Tturjiɣ s ijjen Arrif mani amaraw walli ad iqqar i yelli-s: Wer sserxis ca zeg ixef-nnem, ɣer-m imeddukal d iwetman, ffeɣ aked timeddukal-nnem waha, qa tessned ila iwdan ssawalen, manaya d aɛeffan i cem.
Tturjiɣ, s ijjen Arrif kul ijjen mamec dag-s ittedder, la d ijjen ma yecqa-t wennḍen.
Tturjiɣ s Arrif n tmexsa, wer dag-s bu tamenɣiwt.
Tturjiɣ s ijjen Arrif wer dag-i isjeyyaf.
Iqelleɛ-ayi-dd wul kter, marra wenn isniɛmilen ila ittweqqer inniḍen, amsedder, amsumuḥ d izalen n inefganen, tuẓẓlmeḍt d tlelli n uxarres ɣer berra i wanaw, ḥma ad t-tafed deg ijjen temcumt n lqehwa (zegga ig irẓa tilifun n weltma-s minzi tessawal aked unubyu-nnes), ittrekkab izegnan n ssebsi, niɣ izelli jjwan n leḥcic, ḥuma ad yebda, umeɣnas, ad yebḍa ttikiyat x yessis n ddcar, ad yexzer mliḥ di arrimet n kul icten teɛdu-dd zzat-s, uca ad yari di Facebook: Ttexseɣ ad tɣewwɣed, ɣewweɣ qa d tagrawla d tamɣart! niɣ kter, inni iqqaren: ṭṭlam x inni ixsen ad beddlen ddegg-a, ixess-asent ad ggent am tinneɣni, ad nnufrent… nec wer ssineɣ ad nnufreɣ, ttexseɣ imukan innurẓmen, leɛwin, wer ttexseɣ ad nnufreɣ maḥend ad sleɣ i ca, ɣir minzi aydud wer t-iqebbel…Ɣer Trifiyin n Arrif d umaḍal, sḥissifeɣ, i kennint d kenniw, arwaḥ-it ad nurja abeɛda? ataɣ wa illan d aḥissef-nneɣ ameggaru.
Xeɣ ad ugureɣ, wer ẓẓuyyuteɣ qaɛ…
wa d asitem-inu ameggaru, xseɣ ad ugureɣ wer dd-tteɛqqibeɣ…Wer dd-tteɛqibeɣ.


text:
Ittwagg deg wass n larbeԑ 27 abril i yeԑdun, Ijjen wemsagar d ameqqran x « tutlayin d tsekliwin n Tmazɣa zeg ijjen uɣezdis d afiluluji d untrpuluji » i yegga usinag n « Instituto de Investigaciones Filologicas UNAM » zeg ussan n 26 ar 29 abril zeg wayur-a. Amek yettwassen ila asinag n UNAM aqqa-t di Mexico.
Amsagar-a, tewca dag-s Prof. Dr. Mena B. Lafkioui tsadaft (intervention) ɣer-s lhimmet-nnes d tameqqrant deg yiger n tɣuriwin Timaziɣin. Tasadaft-nnes ttuɣa-tt s Teglinzit s uzwel n « Tamazight. A multi-millennial journey of a languages family and its cultural practices». Di tsadafet-a nnes teḍfar ticli i tewta Tmaziɣt deg umezruy-nnes aqdim ar yiḍa mamec tessreɣ Tifawin x ca n wudmawen d idelsanen n Tmaziɣt la zeg uɣezdis n tmiwant (oralité) la zeg uɣezdis n tira.
Tebna tasadeft n Prof. Dr. Mena B. Lafkioui x tlata n tsenyanin, tasenyant tamezwarut teqqen ɣer temladasin imsebḍan bac ad ittwafhem umezruy n yelsawen n Tmaziɣt, tenni tis tnayen tessiwel dag-s x tnamitin n tira i ɣer-s ɣer Tmaziɣt aked tnamitin timiwanin-nnes, manaya tegg-it s ijjen usijji x trezzutin timassanin i yellan ar ass-a. Deg umeggaru tessreɣ tifawin x umutti n Tmaziɣt zi tmiwant ɣer tira adu tili n ubeddel adijital illan.
Deg umezwaru n wawal-nnes i tewca, wer tettu ad d-tessiwel x lḥal n Imaziɣen yiḍ-a, amkan izeddɣen d cḥal n midden i yessawalen Tmaziɣt d lḥal n ca n Tmaziɣin min xef itthudda usԑarreb.
Tanya, temmel-d aṭṭas n ineɣmisen (informations) i yeqqnen ɣer Tmaziɣt d wawal-nnes d wudmawen n tira-nnes (Tifinaɣ, Talatint d Teԑrabt), mamec tenna belli aqqa Timaziɣin jar-asent iqqseḥ ca n twalatin ad ttwabḍant icten aked tenniḍen minzi dinni ijjen ukuntinyum ittejja kul Tmaziɣt teqqen ɣer tenniḍen, aked manaya tessiwl-d ula x umxumbel n usettef n Tmaziɣin jar-asent d tseḍwin n Tmaziɣt d tɣuni i dinni jar-asent.
Bla ma manaya, tessfsi lḥal n Tmaziɣt zeg uɣezdis amiwan-nnes wami tetteydar ila Tmaziɣt ɣer-s amkan d ameqqran s tsekla tamiwant d tnamitin-nniḍen am izlan, leɣnuj d tmeɣriwin… Mamec tessiwel ula x tutriwin n Imaziɣen maḥend ad teṭṭef amkan i testahell.
Amek yettwassen ila asinag n UNAM ittegg zi twalat ɣer tenniḍen aṭṭas n imsagaren x tɣuriwin Timaziɣin, mani i di cerrken xirebbi n imerzuten d tmerzutin i di ttemherwaḍen x tɣawsiwin i yeqqnen ɣer Tmaziɣt d tutlayin-nniḍen.
Ɛebbẓem da maḥend ad tesḥessem i tinawt


text:
Tahuski n talest di yal zzman, di yal amkan ɣer yal amdan tezga teskikiḍ iḥulfawen n unaẓur. Tezga tesmendig ijujaḥ n tmena deg ulawen-nsen, tesduqqus lebɣi n ucewweq ɣef ayen yellan d lɛalit di tmeddurt. Tahuski d asafer yessawalen i lebɣi n tira, d lhejna yettaṭafen affus i umedyaz neɣ i unaẓur iḥuza yiffer n thuski kesben-t tlawin mebla ceḥḥa, akken ad yinni t‑iden yettkufuten deg ul‑is.
D Baudelaire naɣ Si Muḥend U Mḥend, d Nizar Qabani naɣ d Si Muḥ, d Ɛumar Xayyam naɣ d Lunis Ait Menguellet, D Victor Hugo naɣ d Zedek Mulud, d Jack London naɣ d Farid Faragi, i meṛra knan ddaw tfeṭṭiwjin n cbaḥa yettumun deg igli n tirga ! Inazuren n tmurt‑a neɣ n tihin, i meṛṛa jerben aknaf n tirget n cbaḥa ireqqen deg uḍan yettɛebbin lxiq, amer ma dlan fell‑as din ad yekkes fad iten yeskawen . Akken ma llan, d wid n tallit‑a neɣ d wid n tallitin yezrin, ttwaxeḍfen s tafat yettudumen si tfekka n tmeṭṭut, frawsen s nnesma i d asen‑tettazzen tili-s.
Yal yiwen acu n tuffirt wukkud yemlal di ṣṣura n tmeṭṭut, yal wa acu n uferdis i d‑yessakin iragen n leḥmala-s ɣer ljiha-nsen-t. Yal wa acu n lbaḍna i d at-yewwin ad yeɛbed asefru, amer deg yifyar ad yar ttar i wurɣu n tayri yuɣen deg ul-is. D tilli-is, d lexyal‑is, d acumeḥ-is neɣ dayen‑nniḍen, kra d‑yekkan si tmeṭṭut yewwi imedyazen ad nejren awal ara d‑yekken nnig wawal amer yis ad weznen tahuski d‑yerra lexyal yifen yakk lexyalat , amer ad metlen rriḥa n tjeǧǧigt yifen yakk tijeǧǧigin.
Deg yimir asugen‑nsen yettuɣal mebɣir tilist. Yal tameṭṭut s zzin-is, yal ta s‑sser-is, yal ta s‑lbenna-s. Baudelaire deg akken yedda i lebɣi n lebɣi‑s yecna cbaḥa n tberkanin, Jack London yurra ɣef tmeṭṭut tamarikanit, Xayyam tahuski n tullas n Iran. Yal amyaru amek i yettwali sser n tullas, yal wa anwa zzin i timelken, yal wa anwa udem s wacu i d at yura. Yeqqar Xayyam: “i yecmet wul ur d as nessin i zzin, ur neɛriḍ ṣṣekra n tayri‑s” ! Yeqqar diɣen Rene Char: “ Xas di lbir n ṭlam i d‑yezga rṛuḥ, mača allaɣ yettega‑yas amḍiq i thuski”.
Zzin d sser mxallafen wudmawen‑nsen, yella zzin n thendit, n trumit, n turkit, n trusit. Yal ta acut sser s wacu tettwassen, yal ta tirga i d‑tesmendig deg ulawen n imaɛcuqen. Ahat wid i d‑yektalen, i d as yufan i zzin lqis‑is akken ilaq d imeklawen. Aya yettban‑d ɣer Sandro Botteceli yellan i lmendad n tefliwt Venus.
{(ad ikemmel…)}


text:
Fatima Belaid
Lyrics
siyyḥ a tawnza!
allaɛawn a mad-d ɣ-id akkw imnaqqarn
igan a gwma ṭṭalb igan lɛaml
ittuggwa-d udad ɣ ujarif yanni-d
rrami n sidi ɛli .. ammas n udadn
ha yyi bdiɣ ad ig rbbi ssrr f imi inu
a ssuq n lmlf nkcm-d ukan fllawn
ad-kn ṣumɣ imma igldan ad kn iṣṣaɣn
ad-kn saqṣaɣ ɣ lḥubb a yan ɣ ittili
is ak ifl adif ɣ uḍaṛ ula ṣaḥt
tiṭṭ iẓṛan aḥbib ukan laḥ as-t
ur as ..
zziɣ a ḍyaman ɣ-id ar ɣ ad tṣṛṛafm
walaynni ddur ad lxaṭṛ ufiɣ-t
riḍat lwalidayn ad f sawalɣ
walaynni yucka-d lxaṭṛ mmimn
nufa-d ɣ-id irgazn ɣ illa ssiɛr
a yan ittmunan d middn ɛmmr nniyt
ha-nn lkdub ar sngaran tamunt
imṭṭawn n wul ka ad iyyi issiḥiln
imma win tiṭṭ iɣ-d iḍṛ sun-t ikaln
yan iksan ad ur iggan ifl tili
ha-nn uccn ur ar isiggil tafunast


text:
Deg iseggusa n xemsin zi lqern yeɛdun, yura umara d useklan amiksiki Octavio Paz « Ayt Newyork, Paris d Lundun wer neṭṭqen awal n lmewt, minzi tessecmaḍ wancucen n wen zzag-s ineṭṭqen din ». Maca ɣer Imiksikuten d ijjen lḥajet nniḍen, ssawalen x-as aṭṭas, kṭer zi manaya tteggen ijjen ufistival n imettinen kur aseggas. Ijjen zzag-sen inna di manaya, qa lmewt d ijjen liraret ittirar zzag-s, timexsa-nnes i lmewt tettɣima i lebda.
Waxxa ijjen wawal am wanita rnin dag-s cwayt. Maca waxxa amenni ɛad isrusa ca n iseqsan, x tilalt (rôle) izemmer ad yirar lmewt, di umi nzemmer a nsemma « taẓuri n tudert ». Di tɣerma taɣerbit, ttwaxedmen imassen (outils) msebḍan, maḥend ad farqen jar-aneɣ-d neccin d tidet n lmewt-nneɣ. Nettaf di ca n arriklam ila neccin iggur a neqqim lebda d iḥudriyen, ɛawed nettagi a nessiwel x lmewt aked iḥenjiren-nneɣ, mamec nessagg°aj x-aneɣ iwessura d imeqqranen, nettegg-iten di taddart n Iwessura.
Waxxa amenni, ixess-aneɣ a nelmed mamec ɣa negg a nemseksi aked tigg°da-nni illan di lmewt. Mala nessen ila neccin qa d iwdan, ijjen wass a nemmet, zzag-s a nemɛarra aked imxumbal n manaya. Awi-d a nemuqqel deg uburtrih-in i tersem tanẓaurt Tamiksikanut Frida Kahlo, tegga-as i yisem n « axarres di lmewt » tegga ijjen uqecqac x tenyert-nnes. Niɣ awi-d ɛawed nfekker deg wawal n tmussni i yenna Albert Camus « Qbel lmewt, zi senni, kulci ad yili ». Maca maḥend a nemsuluḥ aked lmewt, d ijjen lḥajet ig illa ihwen di tmenna urid di tmegga.
Maca aqqa ad ac-ittɣil ila maḥend ad tawḍed ɣer waya, ad tegged ixef-nnec tettfekkred di ɛezrayen, niɣ mamec i das-qqaren ca n yiwdan « wen iqeṭṭwen buḥbel ». Aqqa ixess-aneɣ a nɛawed afekker di min daneɣ-ismunan neccin aked zzman s ixef-nnes. Deg iseṭṭiren i ɣa teɣrem, tnyaen n ixarrisen qqnen ɣer manaya, min ɣa innurẓmen ca n tebridin n uxattes, ɛawed izemmer ac-yejj ad tsiɣid ad tɛiced tudert-nnec d ccek tehnid.
Amensi di laxira
Deg useggas n 1886, yura umara ameqqran Lev Tulstoy ungal-nnes aquḍaḍ « tamettant n Ivan Ilitc ». Ittɛawad ungal-a wa tanfust n ijjen ixeddem di tezreft (justice) di temdint n Sant Pitersburg. Iwca tudert-nnes amen tekmel maḥend ad igeɛɛed deg iraqqen n tezreft. Mamec iɛawen lwacun-nnes ḥima ad ggen amkan-nnsen deg wagdud aburjwazi n Rusiya. Maca umi t-teṭṭef laxert d netta ɛad wer yeɛdi 45 iseggusa, isseqsa ixef-nnes d netta isɣellay imetmi n tarẓugi ma iḍeyyeɛ tudert-nnes amen tekmel d netta ittazzel awerni iɛerbab. Deg ungal nettaf iqqar « hi mala tudert-inu amen tekmer – di tidet – ttuɣa-tt yalleh d ijjen ufayyu ? »
Xminni nettili nettmetta, nettarra-d merra tasfift n tudert-nneɣ, min x-aneɣ ikkin. Mamec ɣa naca d neccin aqqa-aneɣ nettmetta uca nxezzer ɣer deffer ? Ma a naca s uɛeffar s min negga ? Ma a naca ila neccin nedder tudert-nneɣ bla ma tili nḍeyyeɛ ca n lḥajet di tudert-nneɣ ? Niɣ ad aneɣ-taɣ tayerzawt amec i yuqeɛ i « Ivan Ilitc » ? Maca min nxes a nessiweḍ belli wer dji ḥama teṭṭef-aneɣ laxert ɛad i ɣa nesseqsa iseqsan-a, aqqa nzemmer a nesseqsa ixef-nneɣ manaya zi lux. Maḥend a nbeddel zi tebridt n tudert-nneɣ d uxarres-nneɣ. X manaya ataf a nettrinar a nxayel, a nettsewwar. Aya neqqar x-as « amensi di laxira ».
Min teɛna tabridt-a n uxayel ? Ihwen, ad txayled ixef-nnec belli ɛerḍen-cek ɣer ca n umensi di laxira, ad kid-k ḥeḍren midden d kupi zzay-k. Xenni ad tettwalid ixef-nnec mli tuɣa teḍfared ibriden nniḍen di tudert-nnec. X ṭṭabla n umensi, ad temsagared aked ixef-nnec nniḍen mli tuɣa teqqared mliḥ. Ad temmelqid aked yiman-nnec nniḍen ɛawed mli tuɣa tejjid lxedmet-nnec tamezwarut, teḍfared tirja-nnec. Ɛawed, raḥ x-as amenni, mala aqqa-ac arkulist, niɣ tesnjḥed lemlak-nnec…
Xminni ɣa temsagared aked ikupiten zeg ixef-nnec, ca zzag-sen ad ac-d-banen cnin, inneḍni dag-sen aɛeffar. Ɛawed tzemmred ad tanfed ad temsagared aked ca n ijjen zeg ixef-nnec nniḍen. Maca drus zzag-sen ataf ac-inin ila cek wer teggid walu di tudert-nnec. Man yen zeg yina i texsed cek akid-s temsagaed akid-s temsawaled ? Man yen zeg yina i iggur ad ten-ttanfed ? Man yen zeg yinni i ɣa tasmed ? Ma din ḥedd nniḍen tili texsed ad tilid deg wemkan-nnes ?
Taseddit tameqqrant n tudert
Din ijjen tebridt tis tnayen maḥend a nefhem tilit (existence) n bnadem. Ixess-aneɣ a dd-nẓemm zi tmussni ig illan ɣer tussniwin n imezdaɣ imezwura deg waṭṭas n tmura. Tina d tussniwin ittekksent ifuray jar tudert d lmewt. Din ijjen wawal yecna di tussna n imezdaɣ n Newziland niɣ umi neqqar « Imawriyen ». Awal-a yettwassen s « Ukababa » niɣ ttasilet. « Ukababa » ixes ad yini ila neccin merra neqqen ɣer ijjen tseddit d tameqqrant, tetteqqen tasalt n yiḍ-a aked tinni i das-yezwaren d tinni i d ɣa asent ɛad.
« Ukababa » ad aneɣ-iɛawen maḥend ad tili ijjen tmuɣli d tameqqrant x tudert. Ataf nzemmer a nettwala iseddiyen imeẓẓyanen ig illan di tseddit-nni itteqqnen jer min yeɛdan, yiḍ-a d yimal. Zi ssa, x webrid n wawal-a, a nessen belli imettinen d inni iddren d inni ɛad wer d-ixliqen, aqqa-yen akid-neɣ deg ijjen wemkan. S uya ixess-aneɣ a ten-nweqqer. Manaya izemmer ad irreẓ tmuɣli-nni n uɣasṭar i x-aneɣ yeṭɣan, aɣasṭar i daneɣ-ittejjan dag-neɣ taɣennant d umeyyel-nneɣ ɣer tweḥdanit.
Maḥend ad tawḍed ad tfekkred acnaw Imawriyen n Newziland. Awi-d ca n wayyaw-nnec d ameẓẓyan, uca xayel-it iwweḍ ɣer tesɛin n iseggusa, awern-as, ad as-d-awyen ca n wayyaw-nnes netta mamec ixleq ɛad. Xenni, iwdan i kid-s ad fekkren deg weḥḍiḍ-nni ad seqsan ixef-nnsen : « Min ɣa iḥwaj ubibiḥ-a ḥma ad yeqqim x tudert ad yiɛic ijjen tudert yecnin deg iseggusa i d-igguren ? »
Ayyaw n wayyaw-nni izemmer ad yedder ar lqern wis 22. Manaya d tidet yeqqen ɣer-k d lwacun-nnec. Uca mala yecqa-aneɣ uḥenjir-nni ameẓẓyan ataf ixess-aneɣ a nerr taynit i tudert s merra iɣezdisa-nnes. A daneɣ-yecqa leɛwin i ɣa yegg di tarut-nnes. A daneɣ-tecqa tkasit i ɣa negg i tsuta i d-igguren a nweqqer tisuta i yezwaren.


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Arraz n Nobel i telwit
Arraz n Nobel i telwit d yiwen seg semmus (5) n warrazen n Nobel s wacu yesmagel (i weṣṣa) Alfred Nobel [1] dɣa ar ass-a ur yettwassen usrag (ssebba) i wakken ad yili wefran n telwit i wakken ad tili d amur seg warrazen-is, maca llan wid i d-yeqqaren ahat Nobel ibɣa ad yeɣrem anerni n tdawsa acku d netta i d-isnulfan adinamit ɣas akken ur ittusxdem ara send n tmekkast-ines (lmut-is).
Arraz n Nobel yettunefk-d yal aseggas deg Oslo deg wass n 10 dujamber sɣur tasmilt tanurvajt n Nobel. Yettunefk-d i tikkelt tamezwarut deg useggas n 1901. Yettili-d ufran n imazwaren n warraz sɣur yiwet n tsudut i d-isbedday wemni anervijan, anecta yettili-d i lmend n usmagel n Alfred Nobel anda i d-ittwafk warraz-a i wid ixedmen amahil meqqren neɣ igerrzen i wesrusi n tagmat d telwit gar n yiɣlanen i wakken ad tennerni telwit.[2]
Imerna n warraz n Nobel i telwit[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Imniren[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ẓeṛ daɣen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ Alfred Nobel and the prize that almost didn't happen. New York Times. Retrieved 14 October 2006. Archived 2016-01-30 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Nobel Peace Prize", The Oxford Dictionary of Twentieth Century World History


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LeRifain
Yenna usit n Rue20 belli Ɛaziz Rrebbaḥ yewca ttesriḥ bac a dd-ssidfen ifuraḍ zi lxarij ɣer tmurt n Lmuɣrib. Deg ifuraḍ-a, deg-sen ca n tmeslayin deg-sent ssemm, ca n tmeslayin nneɣnit ad jjent Lmeɣrib d tiseḍḥak aked tmura n umaḍal.
Rue20 yus-dd deg-s belli lḥukumat n midden ḍḍebbarant-idd bakuna i yegduden-nsent, Rrebbaḥ yessadaf-dd iẓẓan d ibeccicen n midden ɣer Lmeɣrib, d ɛlamkur ifuraḍ nniḍen, axmi Lmeɣrib d tazubayt n umaḍal.
Tayemmunt tameɣrabit ttuɣa tewta di manaya, s yijjen ulaɣi tessufeɣ-it-idd. Tenna deg-s belli asidef n ifuraḍ zi berra d ahnunni x tseqqar n imeɣrabiyen i ɣer yella lḥeqq baac ad ddren deg yijjen twennaḍt tizdig. Deg ulaɣi-ya, tetter deg-s tyemmunt tameɣrabit n tseqqar n yewdan bac ad yettwakkes manaya, ad yennurẓem ijjen lankit di min yejjin inni i ɣer yella ufus di lefḍiḥet-a ad behdlen Lmeɣrib s ifuraḍ n midden.
Tala: Rue20


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Tegg-dd tagrawt n Paris uswizi aked unhezzi aydudan di Arrif (CSMR Paris) ijjen usiweḍ. Tenna dag-s belli yeggur ad tcarc ussan n 12 d 13 Cutenbir 2020 di tmeɣra tanefgant (fête d’humanité) i ɣa yilin di Paris. Tagrawt n Paris, tixḍar i ussan-nnes i ɣa tegg ijjen uzwel: « Maḥend ad nessenjem tudert n inekraf isertanen di Lmuɣrib« .
Tagrawt n Paris tenna deg usiweḍ-nnes i d-tegga s Tmaziɣt. Belli waxxa dini jjriḥect n Kuruna, maca nitni ad cerken deg wass-a minzi ittili d azzareg n wemsawaḍ x tɣawsiwin n Arrif. Wekkden imeɣnas eawed ila acrac-nnsen ad isfekkar s inecraf ikksen x macca zi 10 Ɣuct i yeɛdan. Mamec ɣa isfekkar s lḥal aɛeffan i di tteddren ineɣmasen di leḥbusat.
Imeɣnas n Paris nnan belli acrac-nnsen di tmeɣra-ya irezzu ad yaweḍ ɣer ussusen s tussna taydudant n Arrif. Ad agin x uweddeb i dasen-tteggen i inekraf di leḥbusat. Mamec i ɣa ttren asnufsel x merra inekraf isertanen d inni n Array (zzag-sen ineɣmasen). Ɛawed ḥuma ad ggen tizemmar maḥend ad ssnejmen tudert n inecraf i yekksen x macca. Ad ɛemmden x ddewla n Lmuɣrib bac ad terr x ddusi n tutriwin i dasen-ttren imezdaɣ n Arrif. Ad sfekkaren timesmumin ittbeddan aked tiseqqar n wemdan s lḥal n inekraf n Arrif. Ad azzlen x usnufsel-nnsen. Lebda alaḥsab aswieḍ n tegrawt n Paris.
Nemsawaḍ aked Ɛali Nnṣiḥi, ijjen d ameɣnas n tegrawt n Paris. Inna-aneɣ i lerifain belli: Tameɣra tanefgant assgg°as-a wer teqqim ca amec i tt-tuɣa zi lebda. Mani tuɣa ca n xemsemyat alef n yiwdan i ɣer-s d-ittasen. Amur-a ad bḍan tameɣra tanefgant x ca n rebɛa n jjwayeh di temdint n Paris. Maḥend kul amcan wer dag-s tɛeddi alef ar alfayen n midden alaḥsab kuruna.
Taqiḍunt n Arrif yeggur ad tili di temdint Vitry-sur-Seine, di « Village du monde » i yekkan di jjwayeh n temdint n Paris.


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Yeqqen yisem n umirar aliman Franz Beckenbauer di twengimt-nneɣ ɣer umarri. Manaya yekka-dd zeg yijjen tḥajit n yijjen wer iqecceɛ walu di tlimant, yexs ad yini « s cwayecway », uca yeḍra-dd ɣer-s umirar Franz Beckenbauer, d wenni i ttuɣa yessen waha. Lexdenni yenna-s: Bikenbawer! Bekenbawer!
Deg ineggura-ya, yeqqen yisem-a n Beckenbauer ɣer Saɛid Abernus, i yellan d ijjen yetri di tira n umezgun. Amen ɣer-s isuraf qaden deg yiger n usefru ula deg usugur n iseddan n wemḥizwar deg utilibizyun.
Abernus, yeksi-dd isem-a yesxedmit deg yijjen tselselt n texrazin n ugarnez d tḍeḥḥakt di tracciwin n wemsawaḍ anamun. Ibidyuten-a n bikenbawer i yellan d iquḍaḍen, ttgarenzen x waṭṭas n min nettedder di tudert-nneɣ, hekkʷlen wenni i ten iḍeffren, ttejjan-t ad yekmez ula d netta mani ikemmez Bikenbawer, ad yegg afus x tḥebbuyt, s yijjen tebridt amen nniɣ n tḍeḥḥakt d uḍenneẓ d ugarnez…
D manaya i yejjin ccan n bikenbawer ad yali, a ɣer-s ilin aṭṭas n imeḍfar zi manis ma.
Maca min ttuɣa wer ittriji ḥedd; a dd-yas yijjen uḥudri ixeddem ula d netta deg yiger n tkumidit, qqaren-as Yassar, ad yegg ijjen umikrutrutwar di youtub, isemma-t s yisem d ijjen « Beckenbauer ». Manaya yejja Said Abernus yeffeɣ-dd s yijjen ubidyu d tabrat yessekka-tt i wa i umi qqaren Yasar, yeqqar-as deg-s belli min teggid ammu wer da ca. Minzi cekk mala ttuɣa-c d aḥudri teṭṭfed abrid-nnec deg yiger n tkumidit, aqa wer qqillten yismawen i ɣa tixḍared. Minzi amen yenna Abernus, wa d ijjen yisem yixḍar-it awarn-i umi imarret aṭṭas x lxedmet i ittegg s yisem-a.
Abernus yenna ɛawed belli Yasar ittxessa-t ad yetter awadem x min yegga ammu. Yasar deg Umikruṭruṭwar-nni, wer yukir isem n Beckenbauer waha, maca yuker ula d axarres d tiqnitin i yessexdam Ghassan i yeggin isuraf deg umikruṭruṭwar-nnes, s useqsi-nnes i ittegg i yewdan x ca n tmeslayin ittejja-ten ad mxerwaḍen di temrarutin-nsen.
Yasar deg umikruṭruṭwar-nnes amaynu, wer dd-yiwi walu zi ɣer-s. Yeksi-dd isem zi Saɛid Abernus, yeksi-dd anḍaw d tebridin titiqnitin zi Ghassan. Manaya ittejja iwdan ad ssersen tamatart n useqsi x Yasar-a i yellan d ijjen wudem yuli-dd zeg utilibizyun n Lmeɣrib, sɣelyen-aneɣ zeg-s taḥrirt di aremḍan alami nuḥel.


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Yeffeɣ-dd nnhar n yiḍa Benkiran s yij n tebrat yefser-itt x leḥsab-nnes di facebook, yekɛa deg-s zegga i yeɛdu lqanun n lkif deg wesɣim n lḥukuma.
Tabrat i yura s ufus deg yij n lkiɣeḍ d acemlal, deg-s afirmar-nnes, yeqqar deg-s: « necc i da ifirmaren swadday, Ɛebdilah Benkiran, bab n nnekwet nnumru A130989, qqareɣ belli zegga i yeɛdu lqanun n lkif deg wesɣim n lḥukuma ass n 11/03/2021, necc aqa kkseɣ-tt aked yewdan-a ina: Seɛdeddin Lɛutmani, Musṭafa Rrmid, Leḥsen Ddawdi, Ɛebdleɛziz Rrebbaḥ, d Muḥemmed amekraz »
Yerni Benkiran yenna di tebrat-nnes: « Necc aqa sbeddeɣ anhezzi-inu deg ukabar n PJD, d manaya i dawem-ɣa iniɣ ».
Lḥukuma n lmuɣrib ttuɣa tesseɛdu ass-a lqanun nnumru 13.21 i yeqqnen ɣer usexdem n lkif s lqanun.
Ipijidiyen i yellan di lwizara wer nhezzen, wer nnin walu, waxxa akabar-nsen ttuɣa yeffeɣ-dd s yij usemmal (bayan) yeqqar deg-s belli lqanun-a ɛad ittxessa-t wemharwaḍ, d wemcawar.
Tabrat-a n Benkiran terẓem ij n tewwurt n ugarnez deg iraqen n wemsawaḍ anamun, x mamek i tt-yura, d tira i das-yegga, d lkiɣeḍ i di tt-yura, d ufirmar i das-yegga.


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Tazalɣi n uẓref yerbeḥ-itt Usinigali Francois Mendy (13.28), deg wakud aydeg tin n ubṛunz yerbeḥ-itt Ukwiti Yaqoub Al-Youha (13.30).
Bouanani (24 n yiseggasen) yesselha aklis-nnes n Zzayer deg waddal-a yellan, naqal 13.37 yernu d win ay d-yewwi deg Telɣuɣa n Umaḍal n Tatlitit ay d-yellan deg tgara n Yulyu deg Eugene (Iwanaken Yeddukklen) akked uklis-nnes yezrin deg Turarin n Temsetlelt Tislamant (13.36).
S tzalɣi-a tamaynut, Zzayer terbeḥ-d kraḍt n tzalɣiwin (1 n wureɣ, 2 n ubṛunz). Tizalɣiwin n ubṛunz d tid n Abdelmalik Lahoulou deg temsizzelt n 400 n yimitren s wunjugen d Zouina Bouzebra deg uzelli n tefḍist s uzelli n 59.51 n yimitren.
Ass wis kraḍ n tyaka n tatlitit d win aydeg ara d-tili tgarant n temsizzelt n 400 n yimitren s udraw n Slimane Moula d tin n 3.000 n yimitren s wunjugen (tisednan) s tihawt n Amina Betiche.
Taẓrigt tis semmuset (5) n Turarin n Temsetlelt Tislamant d tin aydeg derwen 6.000 n yinaddalen seg 54 n tmura deg 21 n tugrinin. Zzayer tedrew deg tedyant-a s 140 n yinaddalen (irgazen d tsednan) deg 12 n tugrinin.
Turarin n Temsetlelt Tislamant d tadyant taddalant tagtaɣlant ay tessuddus Tfidiṛalit Taddalant n Temsetlelt Tislamant ay d-yettwasɣenwen ass n 6 Mayu 1985 deg Riyaḍ ddaw leɛnaya n Tuddsa n Unmireg Islaman.


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Aṭṭas n tmura timeslmin fsarent-id beddu n useggas amaynu ahijri 1443 i yessentan zeg wami ihajer nnbi Muḥemmed zi Mekka ɣer Lmadina. Maca qa din tidettawin-nniḍen x useggas-a ahijri a x-asent nessiwel da.
D aseggas ibedden x leḥsab n uyur
Aseggas-a ahijri ibedd x leɛbar n ddura i tettegg tziri x tmurt, ittkemmal uyur ar ɣa yaweḍ ad yili taziri nican. Manaya kunṭra i useggas n tfukt/amiladi ittbeddan x ddura n tmurt x tfukt. Beddu d umeggaru n uyur ahijri ibedda xminni ẓerren ayur amaynu. S uya ussan ihijriyen wer nettessen cḥal i dag-sen ɣa yilin. Manaya maci am useggas n tfukt. S uya, kul char ahijri ittili dag-s jar 29 d 30 n wussan.
X manaya, kul aseggas ittizzar useggas ahijri 11 n wussan kul aseggas, mala nesmqudda-t aked useggas n tfukt. Min ɣa yejjen leɛyud n yemselmen ttilin kul twalat mamec. Ɛawed, timeẓra n wayur tettemsebḍa zeg wemkan mani i yettili bnadem.
Nzemmer a nesmun amsebḍi ?
Wa d ij n uxarres xeddmen x-as ca n imussnawen d isṭrunumiyen zeg useggas n 2001. Maḥend ad kksen amsebḍi i yettilin x tmeẓra n wayur. Axarres-a bedden x-as deg wegraw asṭrunum ameslem wis tnayen i yettwaggen di Ɛumman di Kṭuber n 2001. Imussnawen-a ttuɣa xsen ad bḍan tmurt x tnayen n izegnan :
Azgen n usammer : netta d amkan i yellan jar uzririg n tuzeggardt 180 n tsekfelt x usammer ar uzririg n tuzeggardt 20 x uɣelluy.
Azgen n uɣelluy : D amkan i yellan x uzririg n tuzeggardt 20 n tsekfelt x uɣelluy ar tnayen n Tmirikaniyin.
Axarres-a yeqqar ila mala ẓrin yur deg wass n 29 di ca n wemkan zi tnayen-a n imukan, s tiṭṭawin niɣ s imassen tisṭrunimiyin ataf ixess amkan-nni amen yekmel a dag-s yettwafsar. Axarres-a maci iqqar ixess ayur ahijri ad ibda deg ij n wass, maca iggur ad ikkes amsebḍi i yettilin jar tmura Timeslmin.
Qbel i lislam s 200 ɛam
Munen imeqqranen n waɛɛraben di Mekka aseggas n 412 amiladi maḥend ad kksen x ijj n wawal jar tqebbal n waɛɛraben x useggas ibedden x uyur. Maḥend ad semman iyuren-nni i yetteggen arrwina deg useggas n lḥijj d tsebbabt.
Agraw-a iḥḍer dag-s jedd-is wis xemsa n rrasul i dd-yeḍharen ameggaru-ya deg useggas n 610 amiladi. Dag-s imsetfaqen waɛɛraben x yismawen n wayyuren d cḥal nitni. Mamec msetfaqen x min ɣa yilin di mkul yur, ca zzag-sen yettwagg i imenɣan, ca zzag-sen i tsebbabt, ca zzag-sen i lḥijj. Msetfaqen ɛawed x « muḥerrem » i di yettwaḥerrem amsenɣi, i yeqqimen amenni waxxa yus-d lislam. Iyuren-a nitni d « Di lqiɛda, di lḥijja, Muḥerrem d rajab ».
Awerni 17 n iseggusa !
Waxxa zeɛma aseggas ahijri ibedda-dd zeɛma zeg wami ihajer nnbi Muḥemmed zi Mekka ɣer lmadina, maca bdan a zzag-s xedmen zeg useggas wis 17. Lxalifa Ɛumar lxeṭṭab d netta i yebdan ixeddem s useggas ahijri i yettwassnen qbel s useggas aɛrab, ggin-as isem n « ahijri » minzi yeqqen ɣer uhajar n rrasul. Ismawen n wayyuren qqimen d nitni wer beddlen ca zeg wegraw n Mekka 412 amiladi.
Ussan n nnasi
Xemsa n wussan mani ttuɣa aɛraben rennin-ten niɣ ttekksen-ten zeg useggas ahijri. La d ijjen ma issen mayemmi i tteggen ammu x ussan-a, ca zzag-sen yeqqen-it ɣer tmerniwt niɣ wenqas i yettilin di leḥsab n ddura n wayur x tmurt. Inniḍen qqaren qa d lḥila itteggen waɛɛraben maḥend ad nḍun x cchurat i di yettwaḥerrem umsenɣi.
Wami i d-yusa lislam ikkes ussan-a minzi ittegg beṭṭu di leḥsab n leɛyud.
Ismawen n wayyuren
Ismawen n wayyuren qqnen ɣer inhezziten n waɛɛraben d min tteggen d uḥerrem n umsenɣi. Iyyuren am Rabiɛ amezwaru d rabiɛ wis tnayen usin-dd di rrbiɛ umi semman iyyuren-a. Jumada amezwaru d Jumada wis tnayen yus-d x tejrist (minzi awal n Jumad ixes ad yini aman ijerrsen). Ramaḍan ɛawed yus-d zeg wawal n « rumuḍ » i yexsen ad yini ussan n arrbu deg unebdu.
Ussan n lḥurum nessawal da x « di Lqiɛda » i di ttbeddan waɛɛraben x umsenɣi. Du Lḥijja d ayyur n lḥij, Lmuḥerrem d aḥerrem n umsenɣi. Rajab ixes ad yini « flitcat » i yella ixes ad mekksent di lweqt n uḥerrem n umsenɣi.
Safar, d lweqt i di tteffɣen aɛɛraben tudrin-nnsen ar ɣa « seffren » ixxamen. Ittsemma wer dag-sen yettɣimi la d ijjen. Ceɛban ixes ad yini d aceɛɛeb n waɛɛraben jar umenɣi d tsebbabt zegga qqimen wer tteggen walu di Rajab.


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Visitmuseum d ijjen l aḍat walabuḍḍa ẓẓayes i tuṛistat i tehtamman s ṭṭaqafa d l'irt. Lmubaḍaṛa ya i tegga Lwakala n Katalunya n L'irt Ṭṭaqafi texs atiṛi ḍijjen enneɣni i Yiṣita n rmetḥef. Ṭṭejja amṣexḍam aḍikemmer abṛid ennes ak can lmuḥtawayat s waṭṭas n iwaṛen u ad istemteɛ s can lxiyaṛat ṛa'iṣiyya ḍi kur metḥef s ijjen furma mfesla u ak ijjen ljawḍa ṭṭameqṛant.
Visitmuseum ḍayes ijjen lɛerd ḍaquḍad x rmuwaṣafat n rmetḥef, d ijjen ḍḍuṛa ḍi ṣalat lmawaḍiɛiyya timezʷuṛa d ijjen nnedṛa mfesla x ṛeḥwayej i ɣa yeǧa ijjen l'ahammiyya ṭṭameqṛant. Appa ya ṭṭic uṛad can lmeɛlumat pṛatik x rmetḥef, d linkat ḥenja atesned ktar niɣ ḥenja atkumpartad ṭṭajṛiba ennec ḍi aṛṛiẓuyat l'ijtimaɛiyya.


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D adlis aqdim i d-uran iqeddacen n Dawed d yemyura nniḍen i yɛerḍen a d-snejmaɛn meṛṛa tiẓilla d ccnawi. D izlan i s icennun tayri n Ṛebbi d leslak-ines i d-yefka i wid yumnen yis, itteklen fell-as. Ar aas-a timezgidiwin meṛṛa deɛɛunt cennunt s “Ihellilen”. Tikta n ihellilen s umata, d taẓallit d leḥmadi. D aɛenni ɣer Yillu. Azal-nsen di Tira d alemmas. Sseǧhaden di liman rennun-as deg afud.
Azal n 150 n ccnawi d isefra. D icewwiqen n ṛṛuḥ. Ttalin-d deg ulawen n wid meṛṛa yettḥemmiden tamanegt n Yillu. Ssalayen di ccan-is s ihellilen-agi. Ttuɣalen-d aṭas di Lɛehd Ajdid, deg imeslayen n Lmasiḥ s timmad-is. Deg-sen aselmed d umezruy n Tira. Deg-sen daɣen tuggett n teswiɛin yemxallafen i deg ttɛicin yemɣaren n wat Israil d lanbiyya. Yal ahellil s imeslayen-is d tiktiwin-is.
Amezruy n ihellilen
Amur ameqqran deg-sen ttawin-d ɣef ddeɛwat d tiẓilla n Dawed. Llan daɣen aṭas n yemyura nniḍen. Gar-asen a d-nader, arraw n Quraḥ, Sliman yellan d mmi-s n Dawed, acennay ameqqran yettusemman Asaf, Himan, Itan, Zakariya d wiyyiḍ. Di lemtel a naf ula d taẓallit n Musa deg yiwen seg ihellilen-agi. Nnejmaɛen-d akk iwakken ad bnun yiwen wedlis ara yilin d win n leḥmadi i Yillu. Deg ul n tugett n ihellilen-agi, ad ilin wid ara d-yegren tiɣri ɣer wazal n Lmasiḥ. Deg-sen am akken d licarat i Lmasiḥ-nni ara d-yasen i leslak n yemdanen. D tiɣri i leslak-nni i d-yewɛed Ṛebbi i wat Israil, yerna ara yilin daɣen d leslak i yegduden n ddunit meṛṛa.
Asirem n ihellilen !
Iban-d Lmasiḥ ɣef d-ttawin ihellilen d agellid (Ahellil 2). Ḥekkun-d ula ɣef leɛtab ara yenneɛtab ara yettwaqher ( Ahellil 22, Ahellil 44). Amedya n uhellil wis 16, deg-s awal ɣef lmut d ḥeggu n Lmasiḥ. D licara ɣef teɣlift-is, d wesfel-ines i leslak n yemdanen. Imi d Tira iqedsen, azal-nsen d aṣṣiweḍ n leslak i yemdanen. D Lmasiḥ ara d-yasen ad yefk iman-is d asfel i leɛfu n ddnubat n yemdanen. Am akken yella usirem deg ihellilen skud ttadren-d Lmasiḥ d leɛtab-ines.
Ahellil wis 68 di tseddart 19, yemmeslay-d ɣef walluy n Lmasiḥ ɣer igenni. A d-ncud ayagi ɣer lexbar n lxir yellan di Linǧil. Akken yella deg umezruy, Lmasiḥ yekker-d si ger lmegtin, iban-d i yemdanen, yeǧǧa-yasen ttbut n leslak i yesnekmal s wesfel-ines ɣef umidag. Yerna iwweṣṣa inelmaden-is ad ṣṣiwḍen tiɣri-ines i leǧnas meṛṛa. S leqraya n uhellil-agi ara d nemmekti tidett d ttbut n Lmasiḥ yellan d amsellek.
Ayagi ad aɣ-yawi iwakken ad ǧǧuǧgent deg-nneɣ tissas, a nesbed asirem deg ulawen-nneɣ. Imi tiɣri n ihellilen i d-icergen leqrun d zzman, d tin n ḥeggu n Lmasiḥ. Yebna wayagi deg umezruy. D ayen ɣer ssaramen imezwura. Imi tidyanin n ihellilen d tid-nsen. D tiswiɛin deg ttidiren. Ama d lferḥ ama d lqerḥ. D anezgum d ixemmimen, d lehna neɣ d ṭrad. Di yal taswiɛt tiẓilla n ihellilen deɛɛunt ɣer leslak ara d-iceggaɛ Yillu i wegdud-is. Ma nessaked, Ihellilen d asirem d tiɣri n leslak.


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Tawilayt n Tbeskert
Tawilayt n Tbeskert d Tawilayt deg tmurt n Lezzayer. Zedɣen-tt 721 356 n yimezdaɣen. Ma d tajumma-ines tesɛa azal n 20 986 km². Tamanaɣt ines d tamdint n tbeskert. Tawilayt-a tebḍa ɣef 12 n tdayriwin:
- Tadayra n Tbeskert (Tibeskert, Lḥaǧeb)
- Tadayra n Ǧmura (At Jemmurt, Branis)
- Tadayra n Fuɣala (Fuɣala, Leɣrus)
- Tadayra n Lqenṭra (Lqenḍert, Zeɛḍuḍ)
- Tadayra n Lewṭaya (Luṭayet)
- Tadayra n Temsunin (Timsunin)
- Tadayra n Wlad Ğellal (Wlad Ğellal, Ccɛiba, Doucen (fr) )
- Tadayra n Urlal (Urlal, Oumache (fr) , Mlili, Mxadma, Liwa)
- Tadayra n Sidi Xaled (Sidi Xaled, Besbes (Biskra) (fr) , Ras Lmiɛad)
- Tadayra n Sidi Ɛuqba (Sidi Ɛuqba, Cetmet, Lḥuc, Ɛin Nnaga)
- Tadayra n Ṭulga (Ṭulga, Bucegrun, Burǧ Ben Ɛezzuz, Licana)
- Tadayra n Zribet Lwad (Zribet Lwad, Axennaq n Sidi Naji, Lfiḍ, Lemzirɛa)


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Yenna umawas n ṣeḥḥet di Arrusiya « Mixayil Muracku » ass n larbeɛ i yeɛdan (12/08) belli baquna i dd-tsaqar tammurt-nnes tiwweḍ ad tqerr mliḥ. Mamec qa bdan ssufuɣen-dd baquna-nnes di min dd-yudsen ḥuma ad sgenfan imehlak n Kuruna.
Mamec yenna Muracku belli asexdem n baquna-ya yeggur ad yili di tnayen n simanat i dd-igguren. Ad xedmen d amezwaru x ssuq n daxel Tarusiyt.
Iydar-dd umawas belli qa din ca n umharwaḍ jar tammurt-nnes d iceriken-nnes ḥuma ad bdan ad dd-ssufuɣen baquna-ya di tmurt-nnsen.
Tuɣa yezwar-as i uselway n Arrusya Fladimir Putin, ifsar-dd belli tammurt-nnes tiwweḍ ad taf baquna tamezwarut deg umaḍal i Kuruna, yenna: « Aqqa d ijjen usitem d amaynu ḥuma ad nessenjem midden«
Ccarika i dd-issufɣen Baquna-ya tegga-as isem « Spuntik V » alaḥsab ssarux amezwaru i tessek Arrusiya ɣer ujenna assegg°as n 1957.


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Le Rifain
A negg axmi neqqen tiṭṭawin x merra min dd-iqewwren d imɛunnaj i wenni i umi qqaren aselmed n tmaziɣt di Lmeɣrib, a negg axmi nesniɛmil numen ixf-nneɣ illa nican nerra acal x iẓewran zegga i nesseftuttes tifinaɣ x ca n sekwilat, zegga i nenna aqa tamaziɣt aqqa-tt di tseddawit, aqqa-tt deg wammasen n wesmutteg, aqqa-tt di sekwilat… a negg axmi wer neẓri walu, maca a nbedd ɣer yijj n useqsi: matta uyenni n uselmed n tmaziɣt aked lebla-ya n kuruna?
Da, yeffuk a nezzelz taɛejjajt, ḥuma a nessen aqa mala ttuɣa neqqar wuh x yemxumbal n uselmed n tmaziɣt di sekwila tameɣrabit, lexxu yedwel d wuhtayen! mayemmi?
Amen nessen, imeḥḍaren di sekwilat n Lmeɣrib yallah qqaren tlata n tseɛɛatin n tmaziɣt i ssimanet. Manaya qbel i kuruna. Ma zegga i dd-tban kuruna, tedwel d tseɛɛet d wezgen waha. ittsemma aḥenjir i ttuɣa yeqqaren tlata n tseɛɛatin n tmaziɣt kul simanet, lexxu yedwel yeqqar azgen n wanict-uyenni i ttuɣa yeqqar waha (tiseɛɛet d wezgen). tiseɛɛet d wezgen-nni ibeṭta-tt x mertayen. ijj n twala ad iɣer 45 n tminutin, twalat nniḍen 45 n tminutin ɛawed.
Amselmed n tmaziɣt ideḥḥa ineggez di sekwila ssa ɣer da, ad yadef ɣer yina, a kid-sen yeqqim yallah 45 n tminutin, a t-ttwalid yeffeɣ-dd, iruḥ ɣer yinniḍen ɛawed.
Lḥasul, tamaziɣt meskina di sekwila tameɣrabit, a negg axmi nsellem illa neqqar-itt, illa nessɣara-tt, maca tidet wer x-as yergib ɣir rebbi d yinni i yessnen tagdurt-a min deg-s.


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LEQDICAT n useggas 2013
ƔECT
2013
ALLALEN N TISLI I WID YESEAN UGUREN
Deg wussan yeseedda dda Ḥmed di tmurt, yuɣal Uxxam n tmusni d tazeqqa i udawi n wid yesean uguren n tisli s leḥḍur n kra imussnawen Iqbayliyen-Almanen deg uḥric-agi.Ɣef teɣzi n yiwen wass, llan Sin yimejjayen
n tisli akked yiwen umeiwen si Lalman i lmend n warrac
yesean uguren n tisli.Imussnawen-agi d wid
yefkan baṭel afus n tallelt ama s wakud neɣ s tussna-nsen neɣ allalen atraren i tisli. Imussnawen-agi d wid
iqedcen s wayen akk zemren akken ad rren tisli n warrac ɣer waddad ilaqen; d ayen i ten-yesfeṛḥen u d ayen i d-yesseɣlin imeṭṭawen n yibabaten-nsen.4 warrac n temnaḍin yemgaraden si tmurt n
Yiqbayliyen; gar 4 akked 14 iseggasen i ikecmen amaḍal-nniḍen imi sen-d-tuɣal tisli. Yiwen
uqcic yessuter bab-as akken ad yehdeṛ di tilifun ticki i iḥulfa s tudert-is tbeddel imi ur yumin ara ad tbeddel fell-as deg yiwet n tikkelt. Ayagi yerra-d taḍṣa ɣef udmawen n kra n warrac imi d
ccɣel igerrzen maḍi u d ayen ieeddan akken iwata. Mass Ḥmed yesnemmer s
yisem n warrac akked twaculin-nsen tawacult Eammuṛ yefkan tazmert tameqqṛant i
ccɣel-agi.
AMERREḤ ƔER YILEL
Imuṛas
n unebdu zgan ḥman, taftist iqeṛben akk ɣef Uxxam n tmusni d tin n Tigzirt.Arrac ur ssawḍen ara ad rzun ɣer teftisint aṭas n tikkal ladɣa llan wid ur nwala ilel deg leemeṛ-nsen.Ɣef waya, tikti n tirza ɣer yilel d tin iwulmen.Tirza-yagi yettmagar-itt ugur n turagt n yimawlan, allal usiweḍ akked yiselsa n
leum. Kra n teqcicin ur tent-ǧǧin ara yimawlan-nsen. Massa Anna tettwassen di taddart imi d tamdakelt n warrac n Uxxam n
tmusni, d yiwet yettaken afus n tallelt; d nettat i d-yewwin iselsa n leum i teqcicin. I usiweḍ, yettwakra-d yiwen uṭṛuli amectuḥ ass-kamel. Imi yetwaheyya kullec, dda Ḥmed akked 13 yifṛax n 7 ar
13 yiseggasen ṭṭfen abrid ɣer teftist, aṭṛuli yufes s wayen akk ḥemlen warrac ama d ddwabex n waman, iselsa, allalen n turart.. ...atg nebla ma nebttu učči ur nxuṣ di kra seg uɣṛum ar lfakya. D
ass ur tettun ara warrac xas ma d ass yesseeyan aṭas dda Ḥmed imi ihaj yilel, d ayen i t-yeǧǧan ad yeldi allen-is ɣef yal agrud. Di taggara, tignatin d tid i d-yeǧǧan zzhu, nnecṛaḥa akked tukksa
n lxiq ɣef yal yiwen.
TAGIDA (ṬṬABLA) N TINIS
Si Lalman ɣer tmurt, yextaṛ dda Ḥmed ad yunag s tkeṛṛust, si gar lqecc i d-yewwi i Uxxam n tmusni, tella ṭṭabla n tinis i yettwaqublen s lfeṛḥ.
SSQEF
Ssqef n ssima, d win yettaṭṭafen lḥamu akked tasmuḍi yerna yecmet; tikkelt-a yettwabeddel s uɣanim.
INEBGI SI LALMAN
Massa Christa Anna seg uwanek afidiṛal “ Saarland ”, tesea assaɣen n tegmat akked Uxxam n tmusni, terza i tikkelt tamezwarut ɣer Tmurt n Yiqbayliyen.Aya yeǧǧa-tt ad tẓer si lqeṛb tamurt d wamek ileḥḥu usenfaṛ s leqdic-is. Uqbel kulci, tebɣa ad tissin arrac akken ad tefk afus n tallelt deg wayen yerzan asedwel.Tinubga n massa Christa Anna d tin yekksen akk leqyud akked umgarad n tutlayt, dɣa d tamenzut ɣef warrac tirza n tmeṭṭut tabeṛṛanit ɣer taddart yerna s yifassen yeččuṛen ama d isegniyen n lexyaḍa, tikurin n taduṭ, tibwaḍin i wunuɣ d waṭas n yisafaren i leqdic ufus; ayagi yakk mačči kan d tikci i warrac, maca d leqdic ara yezdin massa akked warrac xas ur myussanen ara, xas mačči yiwet n tutlayt i ten-yezdin.
Imi d-yewweḍ lawan n tuɣalin, ssarmen warrac akken ma llan
ad d-tuɣal massa Anna i iwehmen amek eeddan wussan-is (dduṛt) s tɣawla di Tmurt n Yiqbayliyen, ulamma tḥawec-d aṭas n waktayen i tt-yeǧǧan ad teṛgem i umeqqṛan d umecṭuḥ
tuɣalin.
ASELMAD YUƔALEN D ANELMAD
D zzheṛ yezmummgen i Uxxam n tmusni, yiwen yilemẓi i d-iṛuḥen kan akka nebla asiher nebla tadrimt akken ad yesselḥu kra n temsirin di Teqbaylit xerṣum 2 tikkal di dduṛt.Isem-is Lmulud, d bab n taɣult imi yeɣṛa tutlayt.Lmulud ur yeṭṭif ara axeddim acku yeznuzuy lxedṛa akked lfakya (akken llan tuget n yilmeẓyen Iqbayliyen ass-a).
Timsirin ttilint ass n Lǧemea akked Ttlata.I yinelmaden ? amecṭuḥ akk deg-sen yettheyyi anekcum-is s aɣerbaz, ma d awessar akk ad yili ɣef tewwura n testaɣt (lantrit). Wa d ameqqṛan ur neɣṛi ara, wihen d amecṭuḥ lḥaṣul wa zdat wa akken ad lemden taɣuṛi s tutlayt-nsen tayemmat ama d aǧeṛnan neɣ d adlis.
TIMSIRIN N TALLELT AKKED TEMSIRIN I YIWESSAREN
Lwiza d tilemẓit si taddart iqeṛben tin n Uxxam n tmusni, d taqeddact nebla eeyyu deg tallelt di tutlayt n Tefṛansist i lmend n warrac, rnu tetteawan-iten deg yikayaden. Si tama-nniḍen, yal ass ɣef 11 uzal, rezzun warrac ɣef leqdicat ufus i xeddmen deg Uxxam n tmusni imi iqubel aɣerbaz amenzu, d ayen yessasehlen tuqqna n tɣuṛi-nsen ɣer wayen ttafen deg Uxxam n tmusni.
ASBEDDI N UFRAG S YIMƔAN
Asemmiḍ, akked ugeffur zgan-d d ugur i usbeddi n ufrag s yimɣan rrif n Uxxam n tmusni Xas akken, tṣaḥ-asen-d temsirt i warrac deg wayen yerzan tussniwin n ugama i d-yewwin ɣef tarrayt n tuẓut n yisekla dɣa imɣan i ufrag.
TIMLILIT GAR TLAWIN
AWAL ƔEF Amkan-agi yessegraw daɣen tilawin n taddart i yemlalen akken ad mbadalent tikta akked umeslay deg yisental yemgaraden. Timlilit-nsent cebbḥen-tt s lqahwa akked tẓidanin.


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Drus xmi ttemsaḍafeɣ deg usafar-inu di tmurt n Lhind, ula kṭer deg ibilajen d ledcur imeẓẓyanen deg yẓelmeḍ, ca n temɣart tbedd x ca n tḥanut niɣ teznuza ca n sselɛet di leswaq.
Umi ttuɣa ttɣimiɣ deg iḥemmasen n Uttar Pradesh, ila ḥeṭṭiɣ irgazen ssujaden aɣrum azdad, ttqessasen lxuḍret ḥuma ad ssujden lasus n « ikariyen », tticen-tt i lekliyan iwetman. Ttuɣa ttɣimiɣ di macinat i yetteqqnen jar temdint n Kolkata d Gorakhpur ig ɛemmrent s imsebriden i yellan d iwtman. Tamɣart ttuɣa wer telli deg imucan mani ttili jjmaɛet.
Maca lḥal-a maci kifkif di Meghalaya, i d-yusin deg iẓelmeḍ n usammer n lhind. Di ssuq n Iewduh deg ukapital n jjihet n Shillong i di yella ijjen zi leswaq iqdimen, imeqqranen di nnhit-a. Tibridin n ssuqq ɛemmrent s temɣarin, i yeznuzan lxuḍret d weysum iqessen d tmeslayin n ssenɛet n ufus. Tiwessura aqa-tent di tɣemmura n ssuq seggurent tasebbabt-nnsent, tticent iwarditen i yirgazen-nni ɣer-sent ixeddmen ig ikessin iqurab n lxuḍret tazegzawet.
Raḥeɣ ɣer Meghalaya xemsa n twalatin qbel ad d-ttas jjriḥect. Ẓriɣ timɣarin di nnḥit-a, maci wer ttilint ca deg imukan mani ttilin jjmaɛet waha, maca ttilint din s waṭṭas ɛad. Ad yili manaya iddakk°al ila agdud n « Khasis », ig illan zeg wamunen imeqqranen di twilayt-a (wilaya). Netta ig illan d amun n tyemmat ameggaru deg umaḍal, da aḥenjir ttessnen-t s yemma-s. D argaz i yettmuttuyen ḥuma ad iɛic di taddart n temɣart-nnes, lwert n lwacun ittmuttuy zi tyemmat ɣer yelli-s tameẓẓyant.
Maca Min ɛnan Ayt Khasis ?
Din aṭṭas n tiṭyurin (théories) x manis i d-ikka wamun n Khasis. Min qqaren iwdan n wemkan-nni ila amun-a yeqqars-dd zi sbeɛṭac n terfiqin tuɣrisin. Hamlet Bareh, ig illan d amerzu deg umezruy yeqqar deg udlis n « amezruy n teqbilt n Khasis d tussna-nnes » deg useggas n 1967, belli iẓuran n teqbilt ttɛeqqaben ɣer teyrawin Tiwstriyin deg yeffus-usammer n Asiya i d-ikkin zi ca n teyrawin ssawalent ilsawen n Mon-khmer di taganin n Burma iṭṭurfiyen. imerzuten qqaren belli iles n « Khasis » i yessawalen imezdaɣ n teqbilt, ggin ameknaw iles n Mon-khmer. Xelli amenni, la d ijj n ma issen melmi i d-yetleɛ wamun n Khasis ɣer idurar d izɣaren n ẓelmeḍ-usammer n Lhind.
Azgen ameqqran n « Ikhasisen » zeddɣen di twilayt n Meghalaya deg useggas n 1972. Deg umseksi n unufsel n Bengladesh deg useggas n 1971, aṭṭas n lwacunat mterracent zi teqbilt-a n Khasis, zeddɣen yiḍ-a di Bengladesh. Ijjen cwayt zzag-sen ɛawed, zeddɣen di twilayt n « Assam » i dasen-yudsen.
Teqqar Amena Nora Passah i yellan d icten zi teqbilt n Khasis, d taselmadt di tesdawit n North-Eastren Hill di Shillong, belli agla n wegdud n Khasis, netta yebna x wawal. Ttɛawadent tiḥuja timezwura, ila agdud n Khasis ttuɣa-t d ijjen wegdud ibna x ibabaten deg umezwar-nni.
Irgazen n Khasis, xminni ttemseksin x tmura aked tqebbal nniḍen, ttuɣa hekk°an ɣer izɣaren ḥuma ad mennɣen. Deg imenɣiten-a, ttmettan ca zeg yergazen, inniḍen zeddɣen deg izɣaren. Ma timɣarin i wesqen irgazen-nnsent niɣ ujjlent, mellkent twalat nniḍen. Aṭṭas n twalatin di teqbilt, ttafen amxmubel maḥend ad ssnen wi yilan aḥenjir.
Teqqar Passah : « Amun tuɣa yettwala iḥenjiren-a ila d « tarwa n leḥram », maca lejdud-nneɣ wer dasen-iɛjib bu lḥal x manaya, ufin ila d iḥenjiren d temɣarin ig ittetten aɛmud, zi senni, nnan ila iḥenjiren ixess ad ten-neqqen ɣer tyemmatin-nnsen ».
Agdud n Khasis imserwas di ca n twessaf aked wamunen nniḍen n tyemmatin illan deg umaḍal, zi twessaf-a nettaf : « igelwan ttmuttuyen zi tyemmat ɣer yelli-s, iḥenjiren ttlaɣan-asen s yisem n yemma-tsen, ttmunen aked ledcur n yemma-tsen »
Deg wegdud n Khasis, ttɛicen lwacunat d terfiqin jar-asen. Iḥenjiren kessin isem i yemma-tsen, s uya, kul lwacun ibedd x twemin i ɣa yejjen isem n lwacun lebda yedder. Tiḥramin deg wegdud n Khasis ɣer-sent tilelli ma ad ɛicent di taddart n lwacun niɣ di ca n taddart nniḍen. Ad nekkes zi manaya ḥa tmaẓuẓt, d nettat ig itteṭṭfen deg ufus-nnes igelwan n lwacun, wer tetteffeɣ taddart waxxa tili temlek. Tettnhella di lwalidin-nnes teddakk°al d lall n taddart zegga ɣa temmet yemma-s.
Deg ubilaj n Tyrna, i yegg°jen s 65 n ikilumiṭren x Shillong, tzeddeɣ din Lauretta Sohkhlet, taweltmat d tameẓẓyant deg ijten zi twacunin n wamun n Khasis, aked wergaz-nnes di taddart n yemma-s. Waxxa Sohkhlet d nettat i ɣa iwerten taddart n yemma-s deffer i lmewt-nnes, maca uma-s Edilbert netta ig ibedden x lwacun. Edilbert ig illan d xal-s n iḥenjiren, d netta i ɣa ittkellfen s lmaɛica n weltma-s d lwacun-nnes.
Ittɛic Edilbert, ig illan d anemhal (directeur) n ijjen ssekwila di Tyrna, yegg°ej x twacunt-nnes, amek yettwassen deg wamun n Khasis. Tamɣart deg wamun-a ɛemmers ad tɛic di taddart n wergaz-nnes, maca d ameggaru i ɣer-s i d-ttmuttuyen. Luxa aṭṭas n yirgazen ttɛicen d nitni gg°jen x temɣarin-nnsen d iḥenjiren-nnsen, jarkṭer mala tamɣart tettsafar, txeddem.
Iqqar Edilbert : « Tamɣart-inu d tarwa-inu zeddɣen di Shillong, ttzureɣ-ten zi twalat ɣer tenniḍen, maca ixess-ayi ɛawed ad xedmeɣ x weltma d yemma ». Edilbert, deg iseggusa imeggura, irra ijjen tecwiḥt zi taddart n yemma-s d ijj n nnutil n imsebriden ḥuma ad d-issidef cwayt n ttmenyat i t-ɣa-iɛawnen x usarref x lwacun n weltma-s.
Passah, teqqar ila « xal-s n lwacun netta min xef ibedd lwacun. Ibeṭṭa, issugur lwert n taddart, lwacun wer izemmer ad igg la d ij n lḥajet bla ma ad ɣer-s yedwel ».
Di min yeɛdan, ibabaten ttuɣa wer neffqen walu x temɣarin-nnsen d tarwa-nnsen, minzi xeddmen x suytma-tsen d lwalidin-nnsen. Teqqar Passah : « Ababat ttuɣa ittɛeqqab-d ɣer taddart n temɣart-nnes s llilet, minzi di tuffut ixeddem di tbeḥḥar n yemma-s ».
Umi i d-usin Ibriṭaniyen, aked wefsar n uselmed, telɛen ca n « Ikhasisen » zeg ibilajen-nnsen ḥma ad rzun x lxedmet. Axalit (l’oncle) wer ɣer-s iqqim bu wawal aṭṭas, aked ubani n twacunin timaynutin mindi illa wergaz d temɣart d tarwa. Luxa, ca zzag-sen i ydewlen d Imasiḥiyen, ababat ig illan d kulci, waxxa ɛad lux agdud n Khasis di ledcur ḍeffaren asistim n tyemmat.
Passah teqqar : « agdud n Meghalaya d ij n wegdud n tyemmat maca dag-s tiwessaf n wagduden n ibabaten », temmal-d ila tamɣart deg wagduden n tyemmatin, d nettat ig itteḥkamen deg wamun d lḥukuma.
Waxxa amenni, din ibeṭṭuten d imeqqranen jar wegdud n Khasis d igduden i isegguren iwetman di Lhind. Di lweqt mani ttẓellalen irgazen x temɣarin deg izubaq, nec beɛda ɛemmers wer xafi-iɛedd ḥedd di Meghalaya. Iberraniyen ɛemmers ma ssiwlen-dd ɣer-i, maca ttɛawanen-ayi mala weḍḍreɣ, tettreɣ zzag-sen ad ayi-ɛawnen.
Xmi teṭṭfeɣ Taksi di Shillong aked iwtman, ɛemmers wer xafi inɛedd ḥedd, merra ttexsen ad ksiɣ arraḥet-inu. Timɣarin danita, ttɛicent ijen tudert d tanimant (indépendante), maci am imucan nniḍen. Tamɣart i dayi-isnewjwen di ddcar Mawsynram, ij n wemkan zeg imukan-a i di yeccat wenẓar aṭṭas deg umaḍal, nettat d ij n tḥudriyt i yewḍen iseggusa n rebɛin-nnes, tettɛic weḥḥd-s, manaya ɛemmers ad yili deg imukan nneḍni di Lhind.
Di Lhind, aṭṭas n twalatin ttseqsan-ayi, ma lwalidin-inu wer qqaren walu xmi ttsafareɣ weḥḥd-i, maca la d ijjen ma isseqsa-ayi aseqsi-ya di Meghalaya.
Daribha Lyndem d ij n tmarat, i yellan d icten zeg wamun n Khasis, tettɛic di Mumbay, teqqar : « Irgazen deg wamun n Khasis ttweqqren timɣarin-nnsen, wer x-asent ttuffen ca ». Tamɣart deg wamun n Khasis urid tettɛic imxumbal d iceddan i tettɛic tamɣart Tahindit di jjwayeh nneɣni.
Lyndem teqqar : « la d ijjen ma isbezzaz ca n ḥajet x temɣarin di Meghalaya, ad yili imezdaɣ da, ttmeyyaken x temɣarin, kṭer zi min i tent-ssesqaran […] tili ferrḥen s tewtemt anict i ferrḥen uwtem »
Patricia Mukhim i yellan d tameɣnast d tamarat di « Shillong Times » i d-itteffɣen s Teglinzit, teqqar belli udmawen n usistim n ubabat banen di Lhind amen yekmel. Irgazen ig itteggen kulci, ar mani tedwel tamɣart wer telli deg wazzareg apulitik, akadimi d wenni n tsebbabt.
Tiḥudriyin tihendawiyin ttafent imxumbal i tent-ittejjen wer ttkemmilent tiɣuri-nnsent niɣ d lxedmet. Mukhim teqqar ila deg wagdud n Khasis, ɣer-sent tilelli tanamunt, wer din qaɛ min tent-ɣa-ijjen ad nneɛtrent.
Ij n twessart mmelqiɣ-tt deg Iewduh i ttuɣa isegguren ij n ssuq n lxuḍret s jjemlet, tenna belli temsebḍa x wargaz-nnes, tegga ad tessgem tarwa-nnes weḥḥd-s d nettat tezznuza lxuḍret.
Umi i tt-sseqsiɣ mayemmi, tenna-ayi-dd : « Ttuɣa wer iqedd ca ad aneɣ-isɛic, wer t-ḥwijeɣ s uya ttreɣ zzag-s ad yeffeɣ zi taddart ». Tenna-ayi ila tmun aked waṭṭas n yirgazen awern-as netta. Minzi nettat ig illan d tmaẓuẓt di lwacun-nnes, tedwel luxa d nettat ig ibedden x igelwan n lwacun, aqqa-tt x yixef n ijt tseḍma n isebbaben iwetman d twetmin.
Maca zegga ttyarita, aṭṭas n irgazen zeg wagdud n Khassi, mlagg°ajen x ledcur-nnsen, manaya irenni tamara x tyemmatin. Teqqar Mukhim : « Irgazen, alaḥsab asistim n tyemmat, wer lli s bezzez ad nefqen x tarwa-nnsen zegga ɣa jjen abilaj. Aṭṭas n temɣarin i yettkellafen zi tarwa-nnsent ig immernin Meghalaya. Tiwacunin di min yeɛdan d nitenti ttuɣa ineffqen x tyemmat min xef yetleɛ wergaz-nnes, maca tiwacunin wer qqiment qeddent x manaya, s uya tiyemmatin ttuɣa uɣil ad sɛicent ixef-nnsent ».
Aked manaya, irgazen, bdan ttenhezzan maḥend ad ttren s ubeddel. Ijt zi tmesmunin i yettettrent « asnufsel n yergazen » ttemseksint maḥend ad kksent asistim n tyemmat. Ijj n zeg iwdan-nni issiwel-dd ɣer BBC yenna « Wer nxes bu ad nekkes i temɣart tiseqqar-nnes d tseqdar-nnes, maca nxes ad nili deg umquddi akid-s ».
Maca Passah teqqar « inni ittettren ad kksen asistim n tyemmat zeg wamun, udrusen, maca ɛawed tkunfirma ula agdud qa-t ittekk luxa x ijjen lweqt n umutti ». Teqqar ɛawed : « Ca n twacunin lextu smquddant jar iwetman d twetmin di lwert. Ad yili tmaẓuẓt ɣer-s azgen ameqqran n lwert, maca qa s minzi d nettat ittkellafen zi lwalidin-nnes ɛawed ».
Passah, teqqar ila azgen ameqqran n imezdaɣ Meghalaya ṭṭfen di leɛwayed n usistim n tyemmat.
Tura-tt: Zinara Rathnayake
Asturjem: Andic
Tala: BBC


text:
Aẓuni aɣisan
Aẓuni aɣisan d tamhelt n tẓunt d beṭṭu n weɣyay n ubelkim aẓayan ɣer sin n izegnan neɣ ugar, s temhelt-a yettuɣal kra n uferdis ɣer uferdis niden ayen i d-igellun s inyutrunen d ifutunen ilan (yesɛan) tafasa meqqren (aladɣa Azenzar gamma) yakk d tizelɣiwin tiɣisanin am tzelɣa a d tazelɣa B. Aẓuni n yiferdisen iẓayanen igellu-d s unulfu n tesmektiwin meqqren n tfasa taẓeɣlant d tzenzarant.
Aẓuni aɣisan yettusemres deg ufares n tfasa tazarurant deg yimsedmiren iɣisanen yakk d ufares n yimrigen iɣisanen.


text:
Tamenɣiwt n Ɛednan, terr-d amharwaḍ x « usbuxsi n buḥbel » di Lmuɣrib i yellan di lqanun, maca tettwabedd zi 1993. Aḥenjir umi qqaren Ɛednan tuɣa iweḍḍer di Ṭanja. Aṭṭas zi tarwa n baryu-nnes tuɣa rezzun x-as. Rezzun ula x wenn kid-s d-ibanen di lkamira. Deg wass n ssebt yeɛdan, nnan-d ipulisen n Lmuɣrib ila qa ufin lxecbet n uḥenjir. Tarezzut tamezwarut temmel-d ila ijjen uḥudri tuɣa yewwi-t ɣer-s ɣer taddart. Iḍiyyeɛ-it d amezwaru uca yenɣ-it.
Lqanun n Lmuɣrib dag-s « tiwwura » ?
Lebda ttaɛeddu x iḥenjiren ijebbed-d ijjen umherwaḍ d ameqqran di Lmuɣrib. Aṭṭas n iwdan qqaren lqanun ameɣrabi « ittcejjaɛ » ikriminalen maḥend ad ggen tiɛeffanin. Ɛawed qqaren qa « wer ittic bu tazreft (justice) » i midden min xef ttɛeddan ikriminalen.
Muḥemmed Ccemsi, d ijjen ubuɣaw iqqar belli azgen ameqqran n lqanun ameɣrabi itteɛqab ɣer 1962. S uya ixess-aneɣ ad ɣer-s nedwel ad t-nsegged maḥend ad d-yas aked min ibeddlen deg wegdud. Abuɣaw-a inna i imeslan imaɣarabiyen di min iqqnen ɣer tɣawsa n Ɛednan (Asiyyeḍ, aḍiyyeɛ, tamenɣiwt d wenḍal), belli timeslayin-a s rebɛa, mala llant s tidet, ttawin-t ɣer usbuxsi n buḥbel.
Ccemsi iqqar netta aqqat aked usbuxsi n buḥbel. Maca wer lli ad tt-nejj amenni waha, ixess-as ad x-as negg afray mliḥ. Netta yettwala ad tili x iwdan ittɛeddan x iḥenjiren neqqen-ten. Wer tettili ca deg yiger n pulitik. Ɛawed, ixess akriminal ad ikk x uḍbib anefsi, waxxa netta wer itter ca manaya.
Ma asbuxsi n buḥbel ad ikkes ddegg-a n ttaɛeddu x iḥenjiren ?
Abarru n iwdan, zeg wami i d-rrin lexbar n mayen das-imsaren i Ɛednan. Ttarin hactagat x Facebook d twiter. Ggin ijjen lḥemla d talikṭrunit maḥend ad as-sbusxyen buḥbel i wenn inɣin Ɛednan.
ɣer ɛawed : Ɛednan ufin-t… Yettwagg deg-s ɣezzu!
Ɛbderrzzaq Bugenbur, ittwala ila ixess ad ɛawden lxezrat di lqanun ameɣrabi. Ula kṭer di min iqqnen ɣer ddegg-a n tniɣitin tiɛeffanin. Bugenbur netta d ijjen zeg wudmawen ig ittwalan belli asbuxsi n buḥbel wer illi d afessay. Iqqar belli abarru n tmura ig itteggent asbuxsi n buḥbel, wer wwiḍent ca ad qḍant x ddegg-a n tniɣitin. Maca zeg ijjen uɣezdis nniḍen, iqqar qa waxxa amenni ixess iwdan ig itteggen ddegg-a n tuɛeffna deg iḥenjiren ad x-asen ggen lɛuquba iqsḥen qaɛ.
Netta yeqqar ila ixess ad asen-yemsar « tikesaqellalt (castration) » i lhuḥuc-a ina. Deg wemkan mani ɣa x-as ɣa texsar ddewla zi ttmenyat-nnes. Ɛawed, iqqar belli ixess ad asen-wcen « lexdayem iqesḥen »
Zeg ijjen uɣezdis nniḍen, ittwala belli amharwaḍ n tidet ixess ad yili x « mayemmi ipulisen ɛeḍlen wer ssersen fus-nnsen x ukriminal-a ?» ula ktar zeg wami i d-iban ufuṭu-nnes di lkamira.
ɣer ɛawed : Ih ya Ɛednan, urid cek d amezwaru ura d ameggaru
Tala: Maghrebvoices


text:
Iturjem-itt-dd zi teglanzit: Ɛebdelɛaziz ḤANNUN
Ijj n uyerẓiẓ yedder ittemhafa zi ssa ɣer da. Ijj n wass, yufa tamellalt temɣer d taqerqact, anct n čamma. teqseḥ, wer yelli wen tt-ɣa yerẓen.
Ayerẓiẓ yettebhet, wer yufi min ɣa yegg. Ilaɣa-dd i umeddukel-nnes iɛizzen ikfer, isseqsa-t: “Ta ma d tamellalt n tɣilast” ?
Yerra-dd xef-s yekfer: “ lla ! Tamellalt n tɣilast wer telli d tameqqrant”.
Iberreḥ-dd uyerziz i umeddukel-nnes abaɣus, yesseqsa-t : Ta ma d tamellalt n welɣem ?
Yerra xef-s “ Lla ! Wer telli ca n welɣem. Tamellalt n welɣem wer telli d taqerqact”.
Iweḍḍer uyerẓiẓ, wer yufi mani ɣa yeqqen tamellalt-a. Ixarres a dd-ilaɣa i yijj n umeddukel-nnes nniḍen, d abellirj. Yenna-as : Ta ma d tamellalt n Yilef ? Yessers-dd ubellirj tamellalt-nni zzat-s, ineqb-itt, tedduqqez-dd s nnefs, tegga Fssssssss! Yeffeɣ-dd zeg-s rriḥ. Yenna-as ubellirj: Haaaa! ta d tamellalt n uṣemmiḍ. Wah n uṣemmiḍ, minzi teccur s rriḥ…
Ayerẓiẓ d yekfer d ubaɣus umnen, ksin s tḍeḥḥakt neggzen s lefraḥt.


text:
Ijjen wass, isewweq jeḥḥa, yesɣa-dd ijjen weɣyul, Igewwed-it-idd aked webrid. Ẓrin-t ijjen tnayen n iceffaren, uca ggin x-as awal bac a das-t-awyen.
Iruḥ yijjen zeg iceffaren, yekkes-as ssrimet i weɣyul, yegga-tt deg yiri-nnes. Wenneɣni yendeh aɣyul. Yedwel jeḥḥa yeẓẓuɣɣara aceffar, ittɣil-as d aɣyul. Melmi ma yeɛdu x ca n yewdan, ttɣiman ttbehḍen. Netta jeḥḥa yeqqar aked yexf-nnes: Sɣiɣ-dd aɣyul wer yelli wer yexliq, merra wenni i xef ɣa ɛduɣ ittɣima yerẓem deg-s aqemmum.
Umi yiweḍ ɣer taddart, yenneqleb awarn-as, yufa ssrimet deg yiri n uceffar. Lexdenni yebda uceffar-nni yettru, ittnixsis. Iseqsa-t Jeḥḥa, yenna-s: « Min cekk-yuɣin tettrud? Manis i dd-tekkid? »
Lexdenni, Yebda uceffar ittzur azellif i Jeḥḥa. Yenna-s : « Aqqa-c sɛessbeɣ yemma, wer das-ggiɣ rray, tedɛa xaf-i, uca ttmesxeɣ, dewleɣ d aɣyul. Umi yufa amenni uma, indeh-ayi ɣer ssuq, yezzenz-ayi. Lexxu s lbarak-nnec, dewleɣ d bnadem mamek dayi-ttuɣa ».
Yugur uceffar. Iwessa-t jeḥḥa bac zi ssa d usawen ad ittegg rray i yemma-s.
Di ssuq nneɣni, isewweq ɛawed Jeḥhɛ bac a dd-iseɣ aɣyul. Yufa dinni aɣyul-nni i ttuɣa yesɣa s imant-nnes. Yudar-as ɣer umeẓẓuɣ, yenna-s: « Nniɣ-ac ttegg rray i yemma-c tugid, lexxu i ma a c-sɣeɣ! ».
Ɣer ɛawed: A dak-dd-yeqḍu s uḥenneḍ


text:
Gar 81 n temliliyin ay yurar seg wasmi ay yettwafren ad yedrew i tikkelt tamezwarut deg 1990, Hameurlaine yerbeḥ 43 n tikkal, yernu yexṣer 38 n temliliyin. Deg uḥerfi, yerbeḥ 35 n tikkal yernu yexṣer 20. Deg temliliyin tislagin, yerbeḥ 8 n tikkal. Yexṣer 18.
D agraɣlan aqbur Noureddine Mahmoudi ay d wis sin deffir Hameurlaine s 44 n temliliyin (32 n trennawin d 12 n terẓa).
Deg temliliyin tiḥerfiyin, yerbeḥ 16 n temliliyin, yexṣer 6. Anect-nni daɣ ay yerbeḥ deg temliliyin tislagin, yernu ula deg tidak, yexṣer 6.
Seg yidis-nnes, Mohamed Hassan d amurar azzayri amuyaf wis kraḍ n teqbuct-a s 42 n temliliyin s 15 n trennawin d 27 n terẓa. Deg uḥerfi, yerbeḥ 13 n tikkal, yexṣer 15. Deg uslag, yerbeḥ snat n tikkal, yexṣer 12.
Kumraw sa (47) n yimuraren ay iderwen deg tyaka-a seg wasmi ay tedrew tmurt-nneɣ i tikkelt tamezwarut deg 1976, gar-asen Youcef Rihane d Samir Hamza-Reguig ara iderwen, tikkelt-a, deg teɣlamt taɣelnawt deg teẓrigt-a n Bacǧeṛṛaḥ.


text:
Arrayes n umarikan Dunald Trump. Igga tizemmar d timeqqranin maḥend ad igg amcan i Israyil jar jjwaren-nnes. Awerni Misra d Lurdun, min ked Israyil ɣer-s akid-sent tiddukla d umbuddel n usxincatr d tsertit. Mmernint-id amenɛad ɛad tnayen n tmura nneɣni. Limarat d tammurt Taxalijit tamezwarut i yudfen di tuddukla aked Israel temmerni-d ɣer-s Lbeḥrayen.
CNN, tenna belli Washington tettraja tlata n tmura nniḍen maḥend ad kid-sent temdukkul Israyil. Tamezwarut-nnsent d Ssudan, awern-as Ɛumman d Lmuɣrib. Imeqqranen n Lbaḥrayen d Limarat, yalleh mamec iwwḍen ass-a ɣer Washington maḥend ad sinyan kunṭra n wefra aked Israyil. Imeqqranen n Taddart tacemlalt di Washington qqaren ila ass n umsetfad ad yili d ass n tfaska.
ɣer ɛawed : Ssaeudiya teggur ad temdukkul aked Israyil la d nettat
Ijjen usit qqaren-as Israel hayom yenna-d ila netta alaḥsab amsawaḍ i yegga aked Arbaṭ. Nnan-asen-d idiplumasiyen Imarrak ila manaya d lexbuart maci d tidet. Maca din tnayen n tneqqiḍin ttejjant aṭṭas n yiwdan qqaren ila zemmar Lmuɣrib ad igg tuddukla aked Israyil. Taneqqiḍt tamezwarut zegga ig inna Lɛutmani awzir amezwaru n Lmeɣrib, ila Lmuɣrib ɛemmers ad igg tuddukla aked Israyil. Yuzzel Ḥmed Ccerɛi, ijjen ujurnalist yudes i lmexzen, ifser ijjen umegrad Jiruzalim pust. Yenna-d dag-s ila Lɛutmani wer izemmer ad yini walu x min jar Lmuɣrib d Israyil. Taneqqiḍt tis tnayen umi innurẓem ijjen ufilu n ṭṭiyara nican jar Tel Aviv aked Kaza. Imerzuten di pulitik qqaren ila izemmar manaya ad yili d beddu n ijjen unurmalizi n Lmuɣrib aked Israyil.


text:
Amagrad : Tayti n Temzayt
Asmil : Tigejda n tanaramant
Amyaru:Amaruyidir
Tamzayt d tawacult
Tamzayt, am twacult, yal yiwen ilaq ad iḥulfu bli d aɛgal adasilan deg-s, mi d-inna ufaddad taṛgamt, ad ikcem s udem unṣib ar temzayt, aqcic ur d-igra ara d menwala, d izem, d igider, d afalku, i ɣef zemren imeslaḍ niḍen n temzayt ad sen-yefk tama.
Tuqna ar temzayt
Aken ifaddaden ad qnen ar temzayin-nsen, aken ad yili useɣwen iẓewṛen , ilaq yal yiwen ad iḥulfu isɛa amḍiq asilan deg temzayt, tamsegrit di temzayt, tsɣument tamsalt-agi.
Asnerni n teyti n temzayt
Anef i taɣlalt teɣzi n isgassen, tayti n tenmezla n temzayt taḥerfit tetsnerni s deqs n walalen.
- Isem n temzayt,tamatart, tuget n tikal d isem umudar.
- Sin yeniyen qnen ar tmatart-agi(wali iniyen n temzayt ), netsaf-iten af tekbabt n temzayt, tiḥucay tuyat n imeslaḍ-is, angawen n temzayt.
- Kra n temzayin sɛant takatawt yuran , d agzul n temliliyin : azemam n temzayt.
- D isem n uɛkkaz n wusɣar idelgen s iniyen n uumudar tamatart, sufla-as takbabt s iniyen n umudar tamatart n temzayt , aken nezmer ad nsuneɣ takbabt af ihin.
- Tiḥucay n tuyat, tserusunt-tent ar deqal n teṛgamt, d azamul ameskan, n utseki ar temzayt.
- Tamzayt tesɛa daɣen, tiɣri n temzayt, tanfalit, amedya , ccena… iked wayen niḍen, yal tamzayt iked usugnan n imeslaḍ-is.
- Tanfust, tetreg tafarayt tamazdayt, s usiẓwar n teyti n temzayt s temsuɣt n tmusniwin imgaraden tumzigin.
- Angawen n temzayt, i d-uɣun s idrimen n teɣsurt n temzayt, i neslqam s idrimen n tefzart, d irmuden imgaraden. Yal tamzayt ad teḥrez angawen-is.
- Tamzayt tezmer ad tsudes irmuden i iman-is, timlilit n tagara n durt, asnirem, tirza…, acu kan, yal armud ilaq ad isiher ufesnaw deg usqamu n iɣella ad mtawin deg usqamu n wannuz.
- Timzizal imgaraden anda tsekin aṭṭas n ifaddaden ar tagara, amizwer itsili-d s temzayt mačči s uguzdi.
- I utseki deg jamburi, ilaq af temzayt ad tseḍru tanfust-ines.
Tayti n temzayt
- D ayen ifkan tayti i temzayt,
- D ayen ara ts-semgarden d temzayin niḍen,
- D ayen ara yaren ifaddaden niḍen ad yaɣli uqlal-nsen af temzayt-agi,
- D ayen ara yaren yal afaddad ameslaḍ ad yili d amzuxi imi itseki ar temzayt-agi.
- D ayen ara yaren imeslaḍ n temzayt ur bqun ara ad ruḥen ar tayeḍ,
- D ayen ara yaren aqcic d anamar imi ila di tmezayt yerna d adwi imi ila d anaram,
- D ayen ara ayren ar deqal n yal timlilit, ad nanen attas n t tedyanin s teḍsa d unecraḥ.
Ɣar daɣen


text:
Abril 2021, Frankfurt. D 6:30, tesmeḍ tettadef deg yexsan! Parada dag-s drust n yemsebriden, ḍriɣ‑dd zi ttram. ggureɣ s wehnaci ad beddleɣ macina, yeqqim-as ɛad arrbeɛ n tseɛɛet i ɣa teffeɣ, maca beḥra ad qesseɣ tawriqt i zi ɣa nyeɣ. Yewḍa weswaḍ-inu x yij n temɣart aqqa-tt amenni di xemsin n isegg°usa, tirḍ ca n warruḍ qeɛ yeḍfi. tban x-as zeg yewdan i yessummuten iqerṭan, ddalen s ujenna, iban x-as teccat tiseynaf. Tesdurrey-as tekmamt tifraz, wer tt-idd ksiɣ ca mliḥ umi i ttuɣa ɣer-i dd-teggur. Qbel ma ad tessiwel, tbedd tig°ej xaf‑i. tesmun ifasen, a s-tinid d sslam n icinwiyyen, tenna-yi s tnixt tudar:
‑tzemmard a dayi-tɛawned s min ma yellan n sserf azdad? xseɣ ad cceɣ ca n lḥajet.
‑ awadem, tinɛacin Bar, walu!
‑(Tḍur deg-i) Mamec?
Ma wer tesli ma tegga ixf-nnes wer tesli, wer ssineɣ! Deg yij n tsikund, iraren-ayi aṭṭas n ixarrisen di lbal. Ad ugureɣ waha am lebda, ad hezzeɣ azellif waha zeɛma lla, niɣ ataf ad neddmeɣ zegga x-as rriɣ?
Tenna-yi: « iwa seɣ-ayi ca n lḥajet a tt-cceɣ!! ( tesḥissa‑yi am axmi dayi tetturs ad das‑seɣeɣ)
X uɣezdis ij n tfarrant teznuza ixarriqen n uriyyeq, cwayt n teɛdudin x-asent ssekkur waha, sraẓant wer syiwinent, nbedd di tewwart-nnes, nniɣ‑as:
‑ Yallah ksi min texsed ad treyyqed!
Tennexleɛ, tettebheḍ, texzer-dd dag‑i, tenna-yi:
‑Lla lla, nraḥ ɣer win diha ḥsen, ɣer-s min dayi-itteɛjiben, ɛawed yerxes.
Nudef ɣer uferran nneɣni, aferran ɣer-s arrxa, ksi nnit, egg lqehwa niɣ d atay nnit, iyya ma ad tixḍared deg yeɛduden, ɣer-s ra d bukadiyyut yesyawanen.
Tudef dinni axmi tudef jjennet, tewta ddura di tḥanut tekmel, texzer marra min ɣer-s din, min ma das-dd-ibanen, tḍeḥḥek, tkessi ifassen ɣer ujenna am ca n tḥenjirt d takkuḥt tfreḥ i ḥalawit.
Tetteneḍ, txezzer, teqqar:
‑ lla lla, yeɣla cwayt!
Cwayt, texzer-dd dag-i, wenni wer daneɣ‑yessinen a s‑ittɣil necc d nettat d imeddukal:
‑I cek? wer ttetted walu ? qa d jjehd n ureyyeq.
‑ Iwa maca ksi deɣya min texsed, aqa a dayi teɛdu macina.
‑Waxxa waxxa, ad ksiɣ « Berliner », maca ict tetteg ijjen uru, 4 s 2 uru? tesḥeqqid arebɛa nni ipakitarn d ṭṭri? ad yili n yiḍennaḍ!
texzer ɣer uxeddam-nni di tḥanut:
‑ Tinni i ipakitaren d ṭṭri am tinni i yettmenẓan s tḥebbuyt? niɣ ssensent?
‑ Iwa ksi min texsed nniɣ-am, wer tettu min ɣa teswed yeḥma
‑ Ad sweɣ lqehwa s kakaw d ssekkur, niɣ Kakaw s sseker, ma sneɣ mamec das-qqaren, mani wer ɣer-s da ca? (tedhec teḍḍefḍif weḥdes weḥdes)
Bab n tḥanut wer das-yeɛjib lḥal, itteg ca n lxezrat a s-tinid a xaf-neɣ yazzel s tnayn. niɣ a das-tinid a daneɣ tt‑yuc baṭel, yusa-dd ɣer-s yenna-s:
‑ Man kakaw ittexsed, a dam ggeɣ nnit.
‑ Wenni di yella lqehwa.
teswiẓẓed ad tɛebbez x ubuṭun isur yezwar-as. Necc qellqeɣ ɣer lexlas, nniɣ‑as i nettat:
‑Min tennid ad tecced? « Berliner » yak ?
thezz azellif waha, wer xaf‑i dd-terri, xellseɣ deɣya deɣya, nniɣ‑as i bab n tḥanut‑nni: ɣerk cwirti ttqelliqeɣ, ma ataf seyyqeɣ zzag‑k myinjan‑a n tḥanut. ataf ejj‑itt ad tegg‑nnit lqehwa‑nnes am yewdan marra, xmi ɣa neffeɣ mseḥ macina‑nni n rebyad niɣ dewwec‑as s walkul qaɛ!.
Yebbissem waha, wer xaf‑i dd-yerri. Nettat wtiɣ‑as di teɣrut:
‑Bsaḥtek, qa a dayi-teɛdu macina.
tesseḍfer-ayi‑dd lxezrat, yedhar dag-sent wesfirnen sadu tekmamt.
Ṭṭfeɣ tazzla ɣer macina, bla tawriqt, ad qesseɣ deɣya deɣya s tilifun waha qbel ma ad teɛdu, nyiɣ, uca tesseɣli zeg-i macina akud, tessiggej-ayi x lall n tefraz i tedla tekmamt…
15.04.2021 jer Frankfurt d Mannheim


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Asif n Mississippi
Asif n Mississippi d asif ameqran akk deg Tamrikt n Ugafa. Ibeddu-d seg ugelmim n Itasca (deg Minnesota, deg Yiwunak Yeddukklen), yerna aman-nnes ttenɣalen s anẓul [1] arma d Abagu n Miksik. Isafen n Missouri ed Ohio ssenɣalen-d daɣen aman-nsen s asif-a. Mississippi ɣer-s 3.780 n yikilumitren deg teɣzef, yerna tajumma-nnes [2] tuweḍ ɣer 3,1 km2 [3]. D anaram [4] Hernando de Soto ay d Uṛufi amezwaru ay yuwḍen s asif-a deg 1541. Deg 1673, Ifṛensisen Louis Jolliet ed Jacques Marquette ssaklen [5] deg wasif-a yerna uwḍen armi d asif n Arkansas. Anaram afṛensis La Salle yuweḍ s adelta n wasif-a deg 1682 yerna d netta ay d Afṛensis amezwaru ay d-yesɣerten [6] tama n Mississippi ed Louisiana d ayla n Fṛansa. D aya ay yejjan Fṛansa ad teḥkem tama n ugafa n wasif-nni. Ma d tama n wenẓul-nnes teqqel ddaw udabu n Spenyul seg 1769 d asawen. Deg 1783, Iwunak Yeddukklen rran asif n Mississippi d talast-nsen tutrimt [7], sakkin, deg 1803, Fṛansa tessenz akal-nnes n Mississippi ed Louisiana i Yiwunak Yeddukklen. Deg 1863, deg tallit n Wemgaru Aɣarim [8] deg Yiwunak Yeddukklen, iɣallen imarikaniyen n Tdukli ḍḍfen tamdint n Vicksburg ay d-yezgan ɣef wasif n Mississippi yerna d aya ay ten-yejjan ad sbeɛden iɣallen Ikunfidiṛaliyen ɣef wasif-a. Ass-a, asif n Mississippi yeqqel d abrid ameqran n yiɣerruba deg Yiwunak Yeddukklen.
↑ superficie مساحة ↑ yikilumitren imkuẓen ↑ explorateur مستكشف ↑ voyager سافر ↑ déclarer أعلن ↑ occidentale غربية ↑ guerre civile حرب أهلية


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Tawilayt n Tsemsilt
Tawilayt n Tsemsilt d Tawilayt deg tmurt n Lezzayer. Zedɣen-tt 294 476 n yimezdaɣen. Ma d tajumma-ines tesɛa azal n 3 152 km². Tamanaɣt ines d tamdint n tsemsilt. Tawilayt-a tebḍa ɣef 8 n tdayriwin:
- Tadayra n Ɛemmari (Ɛemmari, Mɛaṣem, Sidi Ɛabed)
- Tadayra n Burǧ Bunɛama (Bni Leḥsen, Burǧ Bunɛama, Bni Cɛib, Sidi Sliman)
- Tadayra n Burǧ Lamir Ɛebdelqader (Burǧ Lamir Ɛebdelqader, Yusufya)
- Tadayra n Xmisti (Xmisti, Leɛyun)
- Tadayra n Lerǧam (Sidi Lɛentri, Lerǧam, Melɛeb, Tamellaḥt)
- Tadayra n Lezhareyya (Lezhareyya, Buqayed, Larebɛa)
- Tadayra n Tneyyet Lḥedd (Sidi Butuccent, Tneyyet Lḥedd)
- Tadayra n Tsemsilt (Tisemsilt, Wlad Bessam)


text:
Taggayt:Amzruy
Taggayt n Umzruy ar tsmun imgradn d tifrawin lli immal amzruy amaziɣ d umaḍlan neɣ-d tasniwin lli immalan twuriwin n-umzruy n tamurt n umrruk wala tin umadlan. Ran gis naf ulla tasnatin f irgazn d timɣarin niɣ tqbilin li isbddeln kra yumzruy n ufgan.
Taggayt ad n umzruy llan gis wala ixatarn d igllidn d tqbilin timaziɣin lli usinin asafu n tmagit.
Tiduggayin
Taggayt ad tumi 11 tduggayin, gis tiduggayin ad s 11 llanin ddaw as.
A
- Amezruy (vide)
- AMzrruy (vide)
- Amzruy Atunsi (vide)
- Amzruy n tamzɣa (vide)
- Asakud (17 S)
I
- Iferɛunen (vide)
- Igldan imaziɣn (2 S)
- Imwaḥdin (2 S)
T
- Tamuḍimt Amzruy (6 S)
- Tusutin (2 S)
ⵉ
- ⵉⵎⵔⴰⴱⴹⵏ (1 S)
Tasniwin n taggayt "Amzruy"
Taggayt ad tumi 30 tasniwin, gisnt tasniwin ad ḍfarnin.


text:
1
?ef wayen yeɛnan lemɛawna n watmaten, fiḥel ma uriɣ awen-d.
2
?riɣ acḥal tebɣam aț țqedcem, daymi i țzuxxuɣ yis-wen zdat n tejmuyaɛ n Masidunya qqaṛeɣ asen : atmaten n tmurt n Akaya heggan iman-nsen ad ɛiwnen seg useggas iɛeddan. ?ẓwaṛa-nwen di leqdic tessaki aṭas deg-sen.
3
Ceggɛeɣ atmaten-agi iwakken ad iban belli ț-țideț, tuklalem a nzux yis-wen yerna theggam iman-nwen am akken i t-id-nniɣ.
4
Ma yella ddan yid-i kra seg watmaten n Masidunya ilaq a kkun-in-afen theggam iman nwen iwakken zzux-nni i țzuxxuɣ yis wen ur iyi-țțuɣal ara d lḥecma, bɣiɣ a d-iniɣ d lḥecma nwen kunwi !
5
?ef ddemma n wannect-agi i wen-ceggɛeɣ kra seg watmaten a n-zwiren ɣuṛ-wen iwakken a d jemɛen ssadaqa-nni i ɣ-tweɛdem. S wakka m'ara n-awḍeɣ ad afeɣ theggam kullec yerna a d-iban belli ayen i tseddqem tefkam-t-id seg ul, ur kkun-iḥettem yiwen.
6Ilaq aț-țeẓrem belli win i gzerɛen cwiṭ a d-imger cwiṭ ; ma d win izerɛen aṭas, a d-imger aṭas.
7Mkul yiwen ilaq ad iseddeq akken yenwa deg ul-is, mačči s uḥettem neɣ s nndama axaṭer Sidi Ṛebbi iḥemmel win ițseddiqen s lfeṛḥ.
8Sidi Ṛebbi yesɛa tazmert a kkun id yeṛzeq s lbaṛakat n mkul ṣṣenf, ur kkun-ițxaṣṣa wacemma deg wayen akk teḥwaǧem yerna aț-țesɛum s zzyada iwakken aț-țizmirem aț-țseddqem.
9Axaṭer yura di tira iqedsen : Yețțak-ed lbaṛakat-is mbla cceḥḥa, irẓeq-ed imeɣban, ṛ ṛeḥma-ines tețdumu i dayem .
10 Win i d-yețțaken i ufellaḥ zzerriɛa akk-d weɣṛum ara yečč , a wen-d-yefk ula i kunwi s lketṛa yerna ad issefti lbaṛakat n wayen tețseddiqem .
11Sidi Ṛebbi ad issefti leṛzaq-nwen, s wakka aț-țizmirem aț-țseddqem mbla cceḥḥa ; imiren aṭas ara iḥemden Sidi Ṛebbi a t-cekkṛen ɣef wayen i sen-tseddqem.
12Axaṭer ssadaqa-agi, ur tețțili ara kan d lemɛawna i watmaten, lameɛna iwakken a d-ilin daɣen waṭas n yemdanen ara iḥemden Sidi Ṛebbi.
13Imi i d-tbeggnem belli tqeddcem ɣef lexbaṛ n lxiṛ n Lmasiḥ yerna tfeṛṛqem ayen akk tesɛam akk-d watmaten nniḍen, țḥemmiden Sidi Ṛebbi țcekkiṛen-t ɣef liman d ṭṭaɛa nwen.
14Deɛɛun ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi fell-awen ɣef ddemma n ṛṛeḥma tameqqrant i wen-ițțunefken s ɣuṛ-es, axaṭer ḥemmlen-kkun.
15Ad ițțubarek Sidi Ṛebbi ɣef ṛṛeḥma-ines ur nesɛi lemtel !


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Amungal Atanẓan (zi Tanẓaniya) Ɛebderrezzaq Gurnah inna belli ttuɣa « wer ittriji » ad yeksi tasemɣurt n Nobel i tsekla 2021.
Tenna tayemmunt n Nobel ila amari i yuran ungal n « Paradise » (‘jjennet’), temmewc-as tasemɣurt alaḥsab allas-nnes « ittbeddan aked iḍliben i yennuɣen jer tussniwin d tmura, i wer iqebblen izumal n tkulunyalt ».
Deg wawal-nnes amezwaru, yenna Gurnah belli netta ittqada Takadimit, yerni : « D ijjen lḥajet d aweḍḍer, qa d tasemɣurt d tameqqrant, aked ijjen llista d taqemqamt n imariten imeqqranen, ɛad ttexseɣ ad amneɣ manaya ».
Yenna : « Ila wer ttrijiɣ manaya, wer umineɣ ar mani sliɣ i yisem-inu ».
Bu Nobel n tsekla itter zeg Iwruppawiyen ad msurrufen aked iḍliben i dd-ittasen zi Tefrikt ameknaw agla, yerni yenna, aqqa ina i dd-ittasen « wer lli ttasen-d d ifassen-nnsen xwan ».
Yenna umari deg ijj n wemsawal iwc-it i tsentut n Nobel belli « aṭṭas zzag-sen (…) ttasen-dd minzi uɣil x-asen. Minzi ɛawed ɛelmen min ɣa wcen. Maci ttasen-d s ifassen xwan ». Mamec inna ixess-asen ad beddlen lxezrat-nnsen ɣer midden-a « i yeccuren s inirji ».
Tizemmar i tidet
Ifsar Gurnah « jennet » aseggas n 1994, issawal x tḥajit n ijjen uḥenjir yemɣer di Tanẓaniya di beddu n lqern n ɛecrin. Ungal-a nnes iwwi tasemɣurt n Poker, i yellan d ijjen lḥajet d tameqqrant di tecli n umari.
Tayemmunt n Nobel n tsekla tenna deg ij n usiweḍ i di dd-ifsaren isem n wenn iwwin tasemɣurt « ungal-nnes ireẓẓem tiṭṭawin-nnes x usammer n Tefrikt i yeccuren d umyanaw adelsan, i wer ittwassnen ca i waṭṭas n midden deg umaḍal ».
Teḍfar aya : « Aqqa iwriken d i yessxdem d tizi jar tussniwin d tmura, jar ijjen tudert i ttuɣa yellan, d ijjen tudert i yeggamen, aqqa d ijjen waddad wer nzemmer a nefsi qqaɛ ».
Tasemɣurt n Nobel Taswidit dag-s alaḥal n 1.14 melyun dollar.
D aḍlib
Gurnah ilul aseggas n 1948 di tegzirt n Zanjibar i iḍeffaren i Tanẓaniya, maca irwel zzag-s aseggas n 1968 wami ttuɣa tadersi tameslemt tedder deg ukerfes.
Wer dd-idwil ɣer Zanjibar ar aseggas 1984 ɣir maḥend ad iẓer baba-s.
Waxxa Gurnah ttuɣa yettari zeg wami ila ɣer-s 21 iseggusa, maca netta issufeɣ-dd ca ɛecra n wungalen zeg useggas n 1987, aked ca n idlisen-nneɣni. Ungal-nnes amaynu « After Lives » i yellan d aḍfar n « jennet », di lqern ɛecrin ar mani isala uḥewwas Aliman di Tanẓaniya.
Ittari s Teglinzit waxxa netta iles-nnes amezwaru d Tasawaḥlit.
Ttuɣa-t d aselmad n Teglinzit d tsekla-nnes d tesdawit n Kent ar mani iṭṭef arritiru-nnes.
Gurnah netta d Afrikan aberkan amezwaru i yewwin tasemɣurt zegg i tt-iwwi Wuli Swinka aseggas n 1986.
Amungal inna deg ijjen wemsawal aseggas n 2016 : « Wami i dd-usiɣ ɣer Nnegliz, awal n « amattar n teḍlibt » wer txes ca a tini lmeɛna i ɣer-s ass-a, ula kṭer aked aṭṭas n midden ttsufran zi ca n tmura d tididiktaturiyin ».
Yerni yenna « amaḍal idwel dag-s ddenf kṭer zi mamec i ttuɣa yella deg iseggusa n settin, s uya din ijjen uɛebbeẓ x tmura i yehnan, s uya d jebbdent aṭṭas n yeḍliben ».


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Aṭṭas n Irifiyen lxir iqqen ɣer-sen ɣer tnayen tmaslayin: « tamzyida d imeḍlan ». Mala tennid- as i « lmuḥsin » Arifi ixess-aneɣ minzi ɣa nebna tamzyida niɣ ad tt-needel wer dak-tt-itterri deg wudem niɣ mala tennid-as a nseɣ tammurt ad tt-nerr d imeḍlan niɣ a needel imeḍlan ad ak-yini ticti akid-k iswiza. Manaya ig ijjin azgen ameqqran n dcurat di Arif dag-sen 20 n yewdan d tlata n tamzyidawin.
Xemmemt kid-i maelik bnadem Arifi issen ad yegg lxir. Ili aqqa-aneɣ ḥsen zi mindi nella lexxu. Cḥar iseggusa neccin ntettar spitar n uxenzir (cancer) zi ddewla ead aqqa-aneɣ nettraja. Araji-ya yejja aṭṭas n Irifiyen ttmettan minzi wer ɣer-sen minzi ɣa raḥen ɣer Fas niɣ Wejda maḥend ad ggen ccimyu. Suya mayemmi wer netteg spitar-a i yexf-nneɣ? Nec ttwaliɣ wer xaf-neɣ yuear ca.. Twiza-nni i itteg Arifi xef tmzyida ad tt-yeg x spitar waha.
Spitar d ameknaw (Exemple) waha, dini aṭṭas n tmeslayin ixessa a xaf-sent swizan Irifiyen deg umcan n temzyidawin d imeḍlan. Min xef tuɣa sɣuyyun Irifiyen deg unhezzi n Arif. Nessen ila d lxedmett n ddewla, maca nzemmar a negg cway zi manayenni ra d neccin a nessanqes cwayt n dqqer d ifeqqusen x wuerur n wayawya d wuerur n Arif.
Yura-t: Jaouad Labrouzi


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Tutlayin timaziɣin neɣ d tamaziɣt, s tfinaɣ tamaynut ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, s tfinaɣ n imuhaɣ ⵜⵎⵣⵗⵜ, tga yan iẓli seg tutlayin tifrusyanin, tumeẓ yat tjumma taseknakalt tameqrant g Tefriqt n ugafa: Seg Tegzirin Tiknarayin g ugaraw n Waṭlas g utaram ar Taẓnagt n Isiwiyen, g utaram n Miẓra, g ugmuḍ, seg yill agrakal g ugafa ar tanezruft tameqrant (Tiniri) g unẓul.
Tsul tmaziɣt da tettusawal ar ass-a g kigan n tmura : Amerruk, Dzayer, Tunes, Libya, Miẓra, Mali (Aẓawad), Nnijer, Burkinafasu, Tcad, Ssudan d Muritanya tili tmaziɣt awed g tmura n uzwag zun d Fransa, Beljika, Hulanda... atg. Tekka-tt-nn tmaziɣt da tettusawal awed g Tegzirin tiknarayin maca dɣi tsul ɣas g tesmidegt.
Illa umzaray ger imesnilsen d ger imessiwlen n tmaziɣt ɣef wis tga tmaziɣt tutlayt igan yat neɣ d tga tagrumma n tutlayin: Glottolog s umedya, inna mas tella tmaziɣt ɣef 27 n tutlayin (g amunt itsent inna immuten).
Illa ɣur tmaziɣt unegraw-nnes n tirra ad t-igan d tifinaɣ nna mi kcaden itergiyen assemres-nnsent d nna mi tettusenṣeb yat temzarayt tamaynut g Umerruk g 2003. Maca kigan g imaziɣen da ttaran s usekkil alatini mi tturnan kra n isekkilen seg tegrikt, ilin winna tt-ittaran s usekkil aɛṛab lumaṛ ḍart ukeccum n usɣan ineslem; kigan n irafusen imaziɣen ayd aɣ-d-yuwḍen ttyaran s usekkil aɛṛab.
Ur llin kra n wuṭṭunen unṣiben aɣ-iskanen uṭṭun n imselmaziɣen g umaḍal, maca uṭṭun-nnsen da ittusitig s 20 ar 30 n imelyunen n imessiwlen.


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Melmi tettarbated idduquz‑ak lmic n ccimi deg walli. Tiḥeryaḍin n tyacitin, teggent‑ent ihurmumnen waha. Zemmer Acimi, d rirart n ihurmunen ad ksen afray x useqsi ameqran di tudert: min tɛna tayri?
- Ad texsed, ttacid am cnaw mala teflipperd, minzi alli nneɣ irexxu‑dd i dupamin.
- Phenylethylamin d ijjen uhurmun qat dayneɣ iḥekkem la d netta di tmexsa
- Imerzzuten umnen belli ssa ɣer zzat ad taf nzemmer ad nsenneɛ tyacit s tmexsa deg ulabur
Afarfar deg ur, ifassen tteddaḍen, d tiḥjajatin deg uɛeddis. Ad as tinid d ca n waṭṭan i dayc, Maca tettarbtedd di ḥedd waha. Minzi xmi ntxess taddut nneɣ tfarreɣ‑dd ca n leɛjubat n ccimi, tejjan‑aneɣ nttaca s manayaenni marra.
Asistim n lexlaṣ, melmi itxeddased ixf nnec x ca n ḥajet teggid‑tet tecna, niɣ melmi teccated i yixf nnek deg uɛrur. Asistim‑a ɣer‑s ijjen tebridt deg walli nneɣ, tessiɣa areqqas n dopamin(ahurmun n lefraḥet). Tyacit itteg dopamin tarwes di tenni itteg ccrab, niɣ druga, tarwes deg uflipper. Dinni ɛawd Phenylethylamin (PEA), itteggen tyacitin n tayri, ɛawd d netta d lesbab daneɣ itejjan ad nxess.
Tayri am Druga.
Phenylethylamin i yellan d ijjen uhurmun qat dayneɣ zi lebda. Ittban di trezzuti belli d netta daneɣ itejjan ad nexss. Ahurmun‑a dayneɣ, qat s cwayt drust la zzit n lluz, d tcukulati, d netta iteggen min xef neqqar « tiḥjajatin deg uɛeddis » xmi ttiri yallah ntterbet. ta d ijjen tmuɣri umussnaw n ucimi awstrali Peter Godfrey yufit di trezzutin deg dammen n ca n yewdan ttuɣa yallah ttarebten. Yufa Nnumru n PEA deg idammen‑nsen yuli aṭṭas.
Maca PEA wer ittili deg idammen s wuṭṭu di tayri waha. Ittali ura ɣa yenni ikessin kukayina niɣ LSD (druga). Suya nzemmer ad nesseqsa x tayri, ma d druga??
Scannir n lmux mrawasen dag‑s inni yeṭṭarbten.
Helen Fisher. yellan d ijjen Untrupuluji d amerikan, iksi s wemnus n ucimi n tmexsa. Hima ad yefhem min ittilin deg walli n yenni ittexsen, ggin tteḥlil n MRT i 2500 n yewdan yallah ttarebṭen (qell i sebɛa n iyyuren zegʷami). Izwi n trezzut‑a , ad snen man iɣeẓdisen n walli iḥekkmen deg utarras iṭṭerbṭen, d min itteg ḥima ad naca amenni.
lmux amen yekmel yedwel cnaw ca n fabrika n udupamin, idaneɣ itejjan n terra taynit i wi ntxess waha. netxarres dag‑s ass amen yekmel. Adupamin‑a ɛawd itejjaneɣ nettebra zzag‑s, nrezzu ad nili akd wi ntxess, ḥima ad yemmerni udupamin deg alli. timegga‑ya n walli mrawasent ak tenni itegg melmi ca n yejjen ittebla druga.
Dupamin iruḥ!
Alay n udupamin idaneɣ itejjan n ttaca n s tayri, ineqqes aṭṭas awarn‑i tlata n iseggʷusa. Senni ɛawd ixellef‑it Oxytocin, ittwasnen s uhurmun n lehna, d unedleq, d weqnaɛ. Aneggar n manaya: ttedwal arraḥet di tmunt ttecqa kṭar zi tyacitin nni marra.
Maca deg 2011, tasdaswit n Stony Brook tufa: Waxxa ɣa ɛdan ɛecrayat n iseggusa n lemlak, zemmern ad tterbṭen ɛawd deg aya wya. Imerzzuten ggin tteḥlil n MTR i ca n yewdan melcen ca n 21 iseggusa zgʷami.
Ufin belli Fabrika n udupamin deg alli qat ɛad txeddem ɣer‑sen as tinid yallah xsen ayawya. Waxxa ɛdan iseggusa uca yehwad udupamin, manaya wer ixess ad yini belli tayri teqḍa, arribis: waxxa itejja uzuyyet d tmexsa x umezwar, maca lexlas d lefraḥet i lmux lebda qat din, tecceɛ dag‑s adupamin ɛawd.
Ijjen tayri ad kidi teksiɣ!
Godfrey d Fisher txerrsen deg imal, ttwalan belli ssa ɣer zzat ad taf nzemmer ad nṣenneɛ ticatitin n tayri deg labur. Niɣ s ijjen wawal nniḍen: « Druga n tayri. »
« nec beɛda ttwaliɣ belli ad naweḍ ca n wass ad nsenneɛ dwawat, issalayn Adopamin niɣ d Noradrenalin, zzays ad nfekk imxumbal n tayri, ad taf iwdan wer ixsen ɛemmers ad xsen. inni yuḥlen zi lɛuc n lemlac ad zemmern ad ttarebten deg ayawya zi jdid » yenna Fischer
Ɣer ɛawd: Tayri terna taɣyuli!
Lefraḥet niɣ d axeyyeq, ikuluren ttiraren di tnefsect d ddat nnec!


text:
Anẓid
Anziḍ (Assaɣ ussnan: sciurus) d aɣersiw yeṭṭafaren asmil n temsutad akk d tfesna n temseɣẓaẓ, Dɣa amur ameqran n tudert-is yettidir-it deg waddagen, asallaf-is d aɣezfan yeččur, al imeẓẓuɣen-is zzin. Tilmas timeẓyanin llunt (seɛɛunt) azal n 8 sm, ma d timeqranin am tid deg tasya, ttawḍent ar 82 sm.
Učči[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Seg wučči-ynes, Anẓid yegguni s waṭas ɣef ugusim d wedren
Tilmas n wenẓid[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Nezmer ad naff ugar n 10 n telmest n yenẓiden]], gar-asen:
- Anẓid n Tmazɣa (tlantoxerus getulus)
- Anẓid amaylal (Pteromyini)
- Akulan (Xerus erythropus)
- Anẓid uwṛaɣ (Callospermophilus lateralis)
- Anẓid azeggaɣ (Sciurus vulgaris)