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Urigami
Urigami d awal i d-yekkan seg tutlayt tajapunit. Yesdukel amyag [oru] = Ḍfes akked yisem [kami] = Akaɣeḍ. Zik, deg tmurt n Japun, ttinin-as i kra yellan d aḍfas : [Urikata neɣ Urigata ] = Taɣara n uḍfas. S tmaziɣt, nesmizeɣ awal ama deg tira ama deg ususru. Nerra [u] deg webdil n [o] acku asekkil ‘’o’’ ur yedda ara akked yilugan n tjerrumt n tutlayt-nneɣ mačči am usekkil ‘’P’’ yufa amḍiq-is . Asekkil ‘’o’’ ur d yemmezg ara akked usekkil ‘’u’’, yettḥaraf-it. Rnu i waya s, yessefk fell-aɣ ad ad nxemmem i usuddem n wawalen nniḍen ara neḥwiǧ sya ɣer sdat.
Akka ihi i as-d-nessumer isem n tẓuri-a s tmaziɣt : Urigami. D isem asuf ur yesɛa asegget. Ma nsers-it deg waddad amaruz, ad t-naru akka : wurigami. Asmizzeɣ n yisem n tẓuri isashel-d aslugen-is. Seg neslugen isem n tẓuri, yeldi-d ubrid s asuddem n twacult n wawalen i neḥwaǧ, i yessefken ad ilin deg tutlayt-nneɣ.
D acu i d Urigami ?[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ma neɛreḍ ad nesbadu taẓuri-a s yiwet n tefyirt, ad nini : Urigami d taẓuri n uḍfas n ukaɣeḍ. Maca ma nebɣa ad negzi d acu i d anamek n tefyirt-a, ad naf Urigami d taẓuri, tesɛa ilugan, amezruy akked tewsatin am akk tiẓuryin yellan deg umaḍal. Tin ɣer-s, d taẓuri ur nesbik ara, tmehhez seg useggas ɣer wayeḍ, aṭas n tɣawsiwin i d-yettnulfun. Ihi, ad neɛreḍ ad nsuk tiṭ ɣer wanda tessaweḍ tmuɣli-nneɣ. S uḍfas n ukaɣeḍ, kra ttinin-as daɣen abeṭṭen (awal-a yekka-d seg teɛrabt), nezmer ad d-nesnulfu tiɣawsiwin icebḥen aṭas. Mačči d yiwen n umedya i nezmer ad nawi. Nezmer ad nesnulfu amdan n ukaɣeḍ, aɣersiw, tasafagt, imɣan… tiɣawsiwin akk yesɛan talɣa. Mi ara neḍfes kra, yekfa, taɣawsa-nni, akken tebɣu tili talɣa-as isem-is tamudemt. Deg wansayen n tẓuri, afurk Ajapuni, ladɣa deg wurigami aqbur umi ttinin Urikata, ssemrasen agzam akked tnaṭṭaḍt. Ma d imir-a, deg wurigami atrar, ulac deg-s agzam n ukaɣeḍ neɣ asemlili s tnaṭṭaḍt. Mi ara yili d tamudemt n wurigami azegriran, ggten deg-s yiferdisen i umi nettini : izegriren (azegrir), yessefk fell-aɣ ad nsemlil sin, kraḍ neɣ ugar, nessemlalay-iten s usmikcem neɣ s yiḍefsen. Ma d tanga nessemras d tiferkit n ukaɣeḍ tamkuẓt. Ad greɣ tamawt ɣef talɣa tamkuẓt n tferkit, Seg ufuk Amaziɣ-aspenyuli i d wwin alugen-a akked d kra nniḍen... (Walim ixf III). Akka akka ad naf tamudemt yettwaḍefsen s tferkit yesɛan talɣa tusrimt neɣ talɣa takerdisant, aya yeffeɣ seg yilugan n wurigami Aklasikan.
Urigami, d taẓuri i d-yuɣen qrib akk timura n umḍal, ur tessin tilisa n wakal neɣ tid n usnulfu. Yal amdan, yeɣra neɣ ur yeɣri, d ilemẓi neɣ d amɣar, d argaz neɣ d tameṭṭut, akken yebɣu yili yezmer ad yelmed taẓuri akken ad yuɣal d ameḍfas neɣ d amurigam. Aḍfas n ukaɣeḍ, d taẓuri i wallaɣ akked yiḍudan, ad ak-d-teldi tiwwura ɣer tiẓeḍt akked lferḥ n usnulfu. Urigami mačči d taẓuri kan, d turart i usteɛfu, ad yennecṛaḥ yes-s yal yiwen deg-neɣ. D addal i yesleɣmayen allaɣ i wakken ad yelmed amek ara yerr takti d taɣawsa ger ifassen-nneɣ.
Urigami ur yeḥwaǧ ara amḍiq n uḍfas am tẓuryin nniḍen, anda teddiḍ tzemreḍ ad tḍefseḍ tiferkit-ik. Maca yelha ma neɛzel-as tiɣmert deg uxxam akken ad neǧǧ deg-s akaɣeḍ akked tmudmin yekfan neɣ ahat tid yellan d asenfar i nettheggi akken ad tent-neḍfes.
Amezruy awezlan n tẓuri[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Anekcum[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Aḍfas n ukaɣeḍ yennulfa-d deg tmurt n Ccin, ttinin-as : Jiǎnzhǐ (akaɣeḍ ugzim). Awal-a yessegrew aḍfas akked ugzam n ukaɣeḍ. Taẓuri-a, ad yili teḍfer-d anulfu n ukaɣeḍ. Maca iban-aɣ-d tura, amhaz n tẓuri, anda ma ulac, yefka-d sin yifurkan, afurk Ajapuni akked ufurk Amuran neɣ ayen i umi nezmer ad as-nsemmi tura, afurk Amaziɣ-aspenyuli. Armi d lqern iɛeddan, deg iseggasen n 30 i demlalen yifurkan-nni, sakin dduklen, fkan-d Urigami atrar nessen tura s tewsatin-is. Ɣas akken llan yinmezrayen n wurigami, uran ddeqs n yidlisen ɣef umezruy n tẓuri, maca mazal d-tban akk tiwin d-yewwi ufurk Amaziɣ-aspenyuli. Yessefk ad ilin yinadiyen ilqayanen acku, ma yella Ispanyuliyen yufrar-d uttekki-nsen deg umhaz n tẓuri, ass-a, uɣalen d aɣerbaz am nitni am Yijapuniyen, aḥric d-wwin Yimaziɣen mazal-it yedreg. Mazal aṭas n tuttriwin i yeḥwaǧen tiririt. Ur yella ara deg yiswi-nneɣ, deg wedlis-a, ad nerr s telqey i yiseqsiyen akk yellan, maca ad neɛreḍ ad nefk kra n tektiwin ara inefɛen inadiyen i d-iteddun. Acku seg tama, wa d adlis n tectelt, seg tama nniḍen, xuṣṣen aṭas n yisallen deg taɣult-a. Yessefk daɣen ad nini, aseɣnew n tewsatin n wurigami yebḍa ɣef kraḍ (3). Tella tiwin d-yewwi ufurk Ajapuni, tella tin d-yewwi ufurk Amaziɣ-aspanyuli akked d wayen d-tewwi tallit tartar ideg ttekkan aṭas iɣerfan amedya n yimarikaniyen, ifransisen… Afurk Ajapuni seg-s i d-newwin Urikata (urigami ansayan), Sukudama (Urigami akuran), Urigami azegriran. Riɣ ad greɣ yiwet n tamawt ɣef wurigami azegriran, ɣas akken ilul-d deg tmurt n Japun, maca asetrer-is yeḍra-d deg tallit tatrar ideg kkin aṭas iɣerfan. Tiwin d-wwin yimaziɣen akked yispanyuliyen, d tawsit ideg ara naf cwiṭ seg tewsit tamadwan akked cwiṭ seg tewsit taddayan asmi llan deg tandalust, Spanya n wass-a. Tiwin n tallit tatrat tebḍa ɣef sin yeḥricen. Asetrer n tewsatin tiqburin amedya n wurigami amadwan, urigami azegriran… akked useɣnew n tewsatin timaynutin amedya n wurigami temsafga, urigami n tusnakt, urigami aẓuran…
Afurk Ajapuni[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg useggas 610 i yekcem ukaɣeḍ ɣer tmurt n Japun. Imir-nni ahat i tedda turart n uḍfas n ukaɣeḍ, deg tallit-nni mazal tuɣal d taẓuri. D ineḍfaren n Tbudit i yewwin akaɣeḍ akked uḍfas-is seg tmurt n Ccin, yedda-d akked unekcum n Tbudit ɣer tmurt n Japun. D ijapuniyen i yefkan isem i tẓuri n wurigami. Kkin deg uslugen n tẓuri armi tuɣal turart n uḍfas i yes-s dehhun d taẓuri. Seg yewweḍ ukaɣeḍ ɣer tmurt i tebda turart tettak aẓar, llan ttinin-as Urikata. D acu kan deg tallit-nni ɣlay ukaɣeḍ, mačči menwala yezmer ad t-yekseb. Acku akaɣeḍ d taɣawsa ɣlayen, ḍefsen yes-s ibudiyen kra n tmudmin, ttafken-tent d asefk i Yuc-nsen Buda. Ttafken daɣen yemdanen tamudemt d asefk deg umenzu n useggas neɣ deg tmeɣriwin, i yesli akked teslit.
Zik, aselmed yella s wawal kan, tettafk-it yemma-s i yelli-s. D imi kan i d allal n tẓuri, ur yelli wacu yuran deg ukaɣeḍ. Aḍris amezwaru deg umḍal i d yemmeslayen ɣef tẓuri n uḍfas d asefru awezlan seg wammud n yisefra n Ihara Saikaku i d-iẓergen deg useggas 1680. Deg usefru-nni ad naf iglem-d umedyaz yiwet n targit yeččuren d iferṭeṭṭa n ukaɣeḍ. Adlis-a d abdar kan i d-yebder taẓuri n Wurikata (urigami ansayan n yijapuniyen). Armi d aseggas n 1764 i d-yeẓreg udlis nniḍen, tikkelt-a asentel-is yettmeslayed ɣef uḍfas n ukaɣeḍ, azwel-is: Ijellilen d tkerrusin «Hoketsuk».
D adlis n Wurikata, deg tallit-nni akka i d as-ttinin i turart n uḍfas. Sakin ɣenwen-d isem n wurigami. Isem-a ur yelli d aqbur, iɣnew-d deg yiseggasen n 1880. Ijellilen d tkerrusin «Hoketsuki», d adlis yura Ise Sadataki, ad naf deg-s timudmin amedya n ujellil i yes-s ttɣummun tiɛenjayin, isefken… Tikwal ḍefsen akaɣeḍ amellal ideg yella usefru neɣ izen yuran akken ad t-cegɛen am tebrat… Muqlem tawlaft n udlis, uṭṭun sin (2). Deg tallit-nni Urikata (aḍfas ansayan) yella ssemrasen-t s tin n leḥdaqa mi ara budden neɣ ttqadaren amdan. Ssemrasen-t daɣen i udlag n tɣawsiwin. Taẓuri n Urikata ur ḍefsen ara timudmin am tid n tura, s umata, ala ajellil n usefk neɣ n leqlul amedya n teqrat n Ṣaki. Sakin, yeffeɣ-d
udlis nniḍen yura Rokoan Gido deg useggas 1797, azwel-is: Lbaḍna n uḍfas n ugim (1000) n yiɣernuqen «Senbazuru Orikata». Muqlem Tiwlifin uṭṭun Kraḍ (3). Nezmer ad nini d wa i d adlis amezwaru n tidet n tẓuri n wurigami imi seg tama asentel-is akk yettmeslay-d ḥala ɣef tẓuri n wurigami. Seg tama nniḍen, llan deg-s uzenziɣ n wamek ara neḍfes tamudemt n uɣernuq n ukaɣeḍ. izenziɣen-nni i d-yeddan deg udlis, nezmer ad nini fell-asen d nitni i d ababat n umeskan.
Terna teffeɣ-d deg useggas n 1845 yiwet n tsanayt i d-yesgerwen ansayen akked tẓuryin n Japun. Ddan-d deg-s akk timudmin tiqburin i d-yegran deg yidles Ajapuni. Llan deg-s azal n 40 tmudmin s wunuɣen-nsent. Azwel n tsanayt-a d wa : Tamusni rqiqen am tafat i d-ikecmen seg ṭṭaq deg tegrest «Ken no mado».
Ger wurigami atrar d wurikata, taẓuri n ujellil neɣ tansayant n Japun, mačči kifkif-iten. Zik, llan ssemrasen yiwen n ukaɣeḍ yettwaxeddmen s ufus, sawalen-as waci (washi) Mi ara ḍefsen yimeḍfasen n tallit-nni akaɣeḍ, ur yewzin ara uḍefs-nsen am win n wid n tura. Acku seg tama, akaɣeḍ ala winna i yellan yerna ur qeṭben ara yiḍefsen-is. Seg tama nniḍen, ur tellugen ara tẓuri am wakka tellugen tura. Rnu i waya, llan gezmen akaɣeḍ, ssenṭaḍen-t s usenṭaḍ. Armi d-yekcem lqern wis 20 i tellugen tẓuri s ilugan iɣef msefhamen akk yimurigamen n umḍal s tɣara tunṣibt, ilul-d wurigami atrar s tewsatin-is yemmeẓlen.
Aɣernuq n Japun, d azamul n telwit[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Aɣernuq yesɛa azal ameqqran deg yidles Ajapuni. D agḍiḍ imqeddes di tmuɣli n uɣref Ajapuni. Ttalsen-d yiwet n tenfust i d-yettinin aya : Win ara iḍefsen agim (1000) n yiɣernuqen n ukaɣeḍ ad yaweḍ s ayen yessarem. Ma yuḍen umdan ad yejji, ma iḥemmel ad yaweḍ lebɣi-is… D azamul n telwit ɣur yimurigamen n umḍal i lmend n yiwet n tedyant yeḍran di tmurt n Japun. Ta d tadyant n Sadako Sasaki. D yiwet n tegrudt tajapunit d ilulen ass n 7 yennayer 1943, temmut deg wass n 25 Tuber 1955 nettat di leɛmer-is mraw sin (12) yiseggasen. Yenɣa-tt waṭan d-yekkan seg uṭerḍeq n lbumba n ubelkin deg temdint n Hiroshima, Japun. Tella tezdeɣ Sadako di twennaḍt n wemḍiq ideg teḍra taluft-nni, azal n sin yigima (2000) n yimitren, d aya. Deg tallit-nni, tesɛa deg leɛmer-is sin iseggasen. Imir-nni tezgel-itt tmettant. Tedder Sadako ur d-iban fell-as waccemma armi d aseggas n 1954, tuḍen, tekcem ɣer sbiṭar. D tameddakelt-is i as-yemlan tanfust n uḍfas n wagim n yiɣernuq n ukaɣeḍ. Dɣa tebda aḍfas n yiɣernuqen n ukaɣeḍ, tɣil mi ara tessiweḍ agim (1000), ad tt-ɛawnen iyucen akken ad tejji. Teḍfes 644 n yiɣernuqen temmut. Tɣaḍ akk imeddukal-is n uɣerbaz, kren kemlen aḍfas n yiɣernuqen-nni armi ssawḍen agim (1000). Sakin jemɛen-as-d idrimen s ɣur yibalmuden n yiɣerbazen akk n tmurt n Japun. Bnan-as asebdad. Sreqten-tt-id nettat teṭṭef aɣernuq n ureɣ. Walim tawlaft uṭṭun Ukuẓ (4), semmus (5) akked seddis (6). S azadur n usebdad, ad naf urant tefyirin-a:
Ta d tiɣwist-nneɣ Ta d taẓallit-nneɣ Akken ad nebnu talwit deg umḍal.
Yal aseggas, igurdan akk n umḍal ḍefsen iɣernuqen, ttaznen-ten ɣer temdint n Hiroshima. iɣernuqen n ukaɣeḍ yettawḍen ɣer din, srusun-ten akk sdat n usebdad. Akka i yuɣal uɣernuq n ukaɣeḍ, ɣur yimurigamen n umḍal, d azamul agraɣlan n telwit. Walim tawlaft uṭṭun Sa (7) akked Tam(8), aɣernuq amuddur akked win n ukaɣeḍ.
Afurk Amuran neɣ Amaziɣ-aspenyuli[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tabadut n wawal amuran[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Amuran, s tutlayt tafransist ttarun-t akk Mauresque, d arbib yesɛan amalay akked wunti. Nettaru amalay-is akka : Amuran (imuranen). Ma nsers-it deg waddad amaruz, ad t-naru akka : Umuran, yimuranen. Ma d unti-s nettaru-t akka : Tamurant (timuranin). Ma nsers-it deg waddad amaruz, ad t-naru akka : Tmurant (tmuranin). Amuran d awal i d-yekkan seg yisem Amuri yesɛan ula d netta amalay akked wunti. Asegget-is nettaru-t akka : imuriyen. Mi ara ten-sers deg waddad amaruz, ad ten-naru akka : Umuri (yimuriyen). Ma d unti-s nettaru-t akka : Tamurit (Timuriwin). D awal i d-yekkan seg yisem Amur.
Amur, anamek-is d akal, d ayla, d aḥric… Nettini : Wa d amur-iw, d ayla-w, d aḥric-iw…” Mi ara ad as-nernu ‘’t’’ n wunti yettuɣal akka : t + amur + t = tamurt” . Zik timetti-nneɣ, am akk timttiwin n yiɣerfan n umḍal, tella tebḍa ɣef sin. Llan wid i umi nettini Imuriyen (at Umur, wid yesɛan amur n wakal), d imdanen yedren deg yiwen n umḍiq. Ttidiren yimuriyen deg tiɣremt, bennun ixxamen-nsen s weẓru, xedmen tafellaḥt… ‘’Kkan-d seg teqbilt n Yibranissen, d taqbilt tameqrant” . Llan daɣen wid i umi ttinin Imaziɣen, d imdanen ilelliyen yedren deg ugar n yiwen umḍiq, leḥḥun seg temnaḍt ɣer tayeḍ. S umata, Imuriyen dren deg ugafa n tmazɣa, ma d Imaziɣen deg unẓul. Igelliden amedya n Gaya, Masensen, Sifaks, Yuba amezwaru, Yuba wis sin… d Imuriyen. Takfarinas… d Amaziɣ. Tura d isem Amaziɣ i newwi d isem-nneɣ, ad yili ahat imi anamek-is d tilelli… Akka i d amdan, yezga yettnadi ɣef wayen i t-ixuṣṣen.
Anekcum[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Am waken xedmen Ijapuniyen i xedmen lejdud-nneɣ imuriyen (imaziɣen ass-a), wwin-d taẓuri n uḍfas n ukaɣeḍ s ɣur Iciniyen. Tedda-d tẓuri-a akked unekcum n ukaɣeḍ ɣer tmazɣa ahat deg lqern wis X. Mačči s ɣur ijapuniyen i tt-id-newwi, acku ur nufa ara deg umezruy yella wassaɣ ger Imuriyen akked Yijapuniyen. Sakin, deg lqern wis XI, nessekcem akaɣeḍ ɣer Yurup. Ad yili deg tallit-nni i negla ula s tẓuri n uḍfas n ukaɣeḍ. Tawsit i d-snulfan imuriyen deg-s cwiṭ n wayen i umi nettini tura deg tallit tatrat urigami amadwan akked cwiṭ seg wurigami addayan. S umata d timudmin tinzegganin, acku deg tallit-nni yella yettwagdel usgudem n wemdan neɣ aɣersiw. D wa i umi nettini : Urigami ansayan n yimuriyen neɣ urigami amuran. Ttbut n waya d tamudemt n ugḍiḍ i umi nettini ‘’awaqqur n ukaɣeḍ’’ yesɛan deg leɛmer-is anda ma ulac VII leqrun. Tamudemt-a, d ttbut n tilin n wemhaz n tẓuri yemmeẓlen d wwin n yijapuniyen. Llan kra ssawḍen armi d-nnan, ula d aseɣnew n tẓuri n uḍfas mačči deg Ccin i d-teḍra maca deg sin imeḍqan, Tandalust (Spanya) akked Japun. Ma nwala s “Awaqqur n ukaɣeḍ”, ad naf seg-s i d-wwin ilugan i ɣef yebna tura wurigami atrar. Nezmer ad nini, war ma ikukra umdan, amhaz n tẓuri n wurigami, anda ma ulac, yeḍfer sin iberdan. Agḍiḍ-a taferkit-is d tamkuẓt, ulac deg-s agzam n ukaɣeḍ, ulac deg-s asenṭeḍ s usenṭaḍ am waken yella deg wurigami ansayan n yijapuniyen. D imenzayen n wurigami ansayan n yimuriyen neɣ afurk Amaziɣ-aspanyuli, i yewwi ass-a wurigami atrar. Awaqqur n ukaɣeḍ d tamudemt tatrart ɣas akken leɛmer-is, am waken i d-nenna usawen, azal n VII leqrun aya seg wasmi tt-d-snulfan. Aṭas n tɣemmar seg tmeddurt n tẓuri n wurigami iɣer mazal tewwiḍ tafat n umezruy akken yiwen wass ad iban wayen idergen.
Awaqqur n ukaɣeḍ[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Anwa i d amesnulfu n uwaqqur n ukaɣeḍ ? Ulac adlis i d yemmeslayen fell-as, ulac ttbut ala netta s timmad-is. Ayen i tebten, snulfan-t-id deg Tandalust, Spanya n wass-a, ahat ger lqern wis XI akked wis XIII. Tamudemt-a isem-is s tespenyulit ’’Pajirita’’ (agḍiḍ ameẓyan). Ifransisen ttinin-as ‘’la cocotte’’ (tayaziḍt). Ma d nekni nettini-as : Awaqqur n ukaɣeḍ. Deg kra imeḍqan n tmurt n yiqbayliyen yemmeẓli ususru-s n yisem n uwaqqur, kra ttinin-as : Aqqur neɣ aqqer.
Ma neɛreḍ ad neṣleḍ tamudemt-a, ad naf deg-s kra iberdan i izemren ad aɣ-ssiwḍen ɣer bab-is neɣ amesnulfu-s. Amurigam i d yesnulfan awaqqur n ukaɣeḍ mačči kan d amdan iḥemmlen aḍfas, nezmer ad nini fell-as d anazbay. Acku deg tallit-nni, anaẓur-a yella yesɛa nnig uqerruy-is ugdilen n tesɣent (Ddin). Asgudem n uɣersiw neɣ n umdan s uẓru, s usɣar, s urekti n taleɣt neɣ s ukaɣeḍ yettwagdel deg tallit-nni. Ɣas akken, yeṭṭef taɣennant, ur yebra ara i uḍfas n ukaɣeḍ. Ɣef waya i nezmer ad nini deg tazwara, amesnulfu n tmudemt-a d ineslem mačči d aɛebri, mačči d amasiḥi. Tin ɣer-s, d ineslem menwala, lemmer yella d uẓmik ur yettili d anaẓur. D mmis n uɣref acku wid i ḥekmen ur d-lhin ara d uḍfas, ssemrasen akaɣeḍ i tɣawsiwin nniḍen. Walim ukessar-a tawlaft uṭṭun Tza (9), d wa i umi nettini awaqqur n ukaɣeḍ.
Abrid nniḍen, ad aɣ-yawi s imuriyen acku ulac later n tira. Aɣref amaẓiɣ deg tallit-nni, s umata d atlay. Win d-yesnulfan Awaqqur-a, lemmer d amdan ur nelli d amaziɣ, talli ahat ad naf idlisen ɣef wurigami yuran s tutlayt taɛrabt neɣ ahat s tutlayt taspanyulit. Ulac din ccek lemmer ad yili unadi deg umezruy n tẓuri-a, aṭas n tɣawsiwin ara naf zemrent ad aɣ-swehment. Tura, rran Awaqqur n ukaɣeḍ d azamul n yimurigamen n Yurup. Maca ɣur-neɣ, d azamul i yekkan nnig tẓuri s timmad-is, d azamul n tlelli akked uzbu.
Tura ad neɛreḍ ad wali acuɣer i yuɣal uwaqqur d azamul. Ɣur Iyurupiyen yuɣal d azamul n yimurigamen-nsen acku d tamudemt i d-ilulen deg tmurt n Spanya yellan am wakken teẓram akk deg Yurup. Azamul-a (Awaqqur), nettalas deg-s ula d nekni, maca yemmeẓli unamek i as-nefka. Tamezwarut, ilul-d s yiwet n tmuɣli neɣ deg yiwet n tallit n uzbu mgal n wugdilen n tesɣent am wakken i t-id-nenna usawen. Ɣas akken deg tallit-nni ideg yedder unaẓur, lihala tella teẓmek, maca yufa-d abrid anseg yekka. Seg tama, yessemneɛ aqerruy-is seg tmettant imi awaqqur yeḍfes ur yesɛa ara udem n ugḍiḍ, qrib ur iban d acu-t, ad as-tiniḍ d udem anzeggan, d aya. Seg tama nniḍen, ur yeḥbis ara aḍfas akked usnulfu n tmudmin. Yezger i tlilisa am tmilla, yekka nnig n tmuɣli n yemdanen n tallit-nni, d amdan bu tektiwin tilelliyin.
Tamudemt-a isem-is awaqqur acku d tajmil i nerra i unaẓu i tt-id-isnulfan. Am waken teẓram, awaqqur amuddur d azamul n tlelli acku ur iqebbel ara tameddurt deg lqebṣ. Akken ara yeqqim, ur itečč ur ites alamma yemmut. Isenyaf tamettant wala tameddurt deg lqebṣ am unamek i nefka i umaziɣ. Rnu i waya, Awaqqur d anaẓur n uẓawan, d amẓawen ameqran, mačči yiwet n taɣect i yesɛa. Mi ara as-tesleḍ, ad as-tiniḍ d tasanfunit n Bethoven. D azamul n uzbu i lmend n tmeddurt yedder unaẓur i t-id-yesnulfan. Rnu i waya, Awaqqur, s umata icennu s umata deg yiḍ. Amzun akken yebɣa ad yini, ɣas akken tebrek n yiḍ, nezmer ad nesnulfu, ad nesseɣnew tiɣawsiwin icebḥen aṭas, yesɛan azal...
Awaqqur amuddur[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Awaqqur amuddur d agḍiḍ yettinigen seg tmurt ɣer tayeḍ. Ulac tamurt ideg yettɣim akk aseggas. Yettaweḍ-d ɣer tmurt n Lezzayer deg tefsut, yettuɣal deg taggara n unebdu. Učči n uwaqqur amuddur d ibeɛɛac amedya n tweḍfin. Ibennu lɛec-is qrib s aswir n tqaɛet tikwal srid ɣef dqaɛet deg yimeḍqan idergen i tmuɣli. Yettarew s umata azal n wukuẓ (4) neɣ semmus (5) n tmellalin. Yesɛa deg lqed-is azal n 16 isantimitren. Ma nket iferrawen-is deg sin (2) mi ara ldin, nettaf-iten sɛan ger 22 ar 24 isantimitren. Taẓeyt : 18 ar 27 n yigramen. Ma d tameddurt-nsen tettaweḍ ɣer 6 iseggasen.
Awaqqur deg tsekla s umata yettban-d amzun akken d agḍiḍ iḥeznen. Wissen ahat imi s umata icennu deg yiḍ. Deg tmetti, ttaken-t d amedya. Ttinin-as i win neɣ tin yesɛan taɣect ilhan, yesɛa taɣect n uwaqqur.
Urigami atrar neɣ taleslalit n tẓuri[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg yiseggasen-nni n 1930 akked 1940 i bdan yettemlili ufurk Ajapuni akked ufurk Amaziɣ-aspanyuli. Sakin tqelleɛ tleslalit n tẓuri n Wurigami deg umḍal, niqal tesbek am akken i tt-id-ǧǧan d leqrun aya i teqqim. D amurigam Uchiyama Koko i d ababat n wurigami atrar. Deg iseggasen 1930 i d-ḍran inadiyen imezwura ɣef yizaduren. Yesnulfa-d daɣen timudmin timaynuten, iḍfes-d tijeǧǧigin. D netta daɣen i d amezwaru i isetnen izerfan-is n umeskar, yefka azal i wayen d-yesnulfa, yestenya-t. Acku zik ur ttestenyin ara tamudemt mi ara tt-id-snulfun, tettɣimi akken war isem. Sakin ḍefren-t-id tsutwin n yinaẓuren nniḍen, yal wa d acu i d-yewwi d amaynut i tẓuri n wurigami. Amedya n Yoshizawa Akira i d-iẓergen 18 yidlisen ideg ara naf akk timudmin-nni d timaynutin. Walim tawlaft uṭṭun mraw kraḍ (13), Mass Akira akked tmudmin i d-yesnulfa netta s timmad-is. Deg useggas 1950, d Akira Yoshizawa (Ajapuni) akked Sam Randlett (Amarikani) i d-yesnulfan izamulen n tɣuri ssemrasen tura akk yimurigamen n umḍal. Slugnen ameskan, yuɣal yeshel uglam akked tɣuri n yiḍefsen n tmudmin. Anagraw-a ttinin-as tura : Anagraw Yoshizawa-Randlett.
Tameẓla yellan ger urigami ansayan d utrar mmalen-ten-id kra tɣawsiwin. Amedya amezwaru d aslugen n tẓuri. Yiwen umenzay seg yimenzayen n uzadur n urigami atrar yettini-d : Timudmin akk ara d-yesnulfu umurigam yessefk ad ilint seg tferkit tamkuẓt. Ad tettwaḍfes tferkit war agzam neɣ asenṭeḍ n ukaɣeḍ s usenṭaḍ. Asnulfu n umeskan yessegrawel taẓuri. Acku asemres n umeskan yettalel amurigam akken ad yales i tmudemt akken tella mačči s ugacu. Yettḍafar umurigam n wassa ameskan ideg ara yaf akk isallen i yes-s ara yeḍfes tamudemt. Asnulfu n tmudmin timaynutin teldi tawwurt i useɣnew n tewsatin nniḍen amedya n wurigami aẓuran, urigami addayan, urigami n tusnakt… Assa, urigami yefrek d tiwsatin. Taẓuri, tura tesɛa ilugan ibanen, yettwasnen. Di tazwara d tiziknin tigraɣlanin kan i yessawḍen taẓuri n wurigami ad tt-issinen ugar n yemdanen. Tura rnan-d wallalen nniḍen amedya n Anternet, idlisen, tiliẓri akked yisalalen nniḍen, ssawḍen taẓuri ɣer qrib akk timura n umaḍal.
Urigami deg tmurt n Lezzayer[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tallit taqburt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Da ɣur-neɣ nessen seg wacḥal aya d acu i d Aḍfas n ukaɣeḍ. Anwa deg-neɣ ur neḍfes tasafagt, tasebbaḥrut neɣ ahat aɣerrabu ? Anwa ur neḍfis tacacit s ukaɣeḍ n uɣmis deg uzal akken ad yesdari aqerruy-is seg ḥamu n yiṭij?… Aya akk d taẓuri n wurigami, aya akk yesɛa amezruy.
Taswiɛt-a ulac inadiyen ara aɣ-d-yemmel amek teḍra, amek temhez tẓuri seg tallit-nni tandalusant ɣer tallit i deg d-tekcem Fransa ɣer tmurt n lezzayer. D tallit taberkant yeḥwaǧen tafat. Deg taggara n lqern wis XIX, asmi d-yewweḍ uɣerbaz agdudan ɣer tmurt n Lezzayer i d-yegla s tẓuri n wurigami. D tisutwin n yigurdan i yellan ḍefsen akaɣeḍ. Grant-d kra n tmudmin mazal cfan fell-asent medden amedya n uɣerrabu, tasafagt, aqerru n umcic…
Tallit tatrart[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Seg tewwi tmurt n Lezzayer timmunent-is, tebda tẓuri n wurigami la d-tettefeɣ seg uɣerbaz cwiṭ cwiṭ armi truḥ tenger. Grant-d kra n tmudmin tiqburin d cfaya ɣur wid yeɣran yakan deg uɣerbaz afransis. Maca, ɣer taggara-a, s Anternet, anekcum n kra n yedlisen n tẓuri, s tutlayt tafransist, ɣer tnedlisin n tmurt-nneɣ akked uẓrag n yedlisen s tutlayt tamaziɣt, nezmer ad nini tqelleɛ tleslalit n tẓuri n wurigami.


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Tizzardfarin
Tizzadfarin (Assaɣ ussnan: Thysanura) d tafesna n ibureɣsen yeṭṭafaren adu-smil n tarfriwin. Asmil-a yebṭa ɣer 4 n twaculin igebren seg 370 n telmas.
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ibureɣsen n tfesna ayi sebṭent, Tifekkiwin-nsent ččurent d tikebrit deg waṭas n tegnatin. Akken i lant iɣunab n umyaraw.
Ideggan n tudert[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ibureɣsen n tfesna ayi d urmiden s waṭas. Ttidiren deg yixxamen d tenwalin d ger n yidlisen imziken (iqburen). Akken i llant telmas niden ttidiren deg yideggan niden beṛṛa n wexxam.

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Yedda akked 54 n yinmeqqnen ifrananen n uselway n Tegduda i wakken ad tili yiwet « n tɣamsa tilellit, asegtan, imzireg ara iqadren ilugan imsaduren, n tuzzma », aneɣlaf n Teɣwalt yenmeqqen tisemmeskal yerzan « aslugen n yimidyaten iliktrunanen akked udellel ».
Irmuden ilan iswi n useḥbes n « uzebbel n tmetti tazzayrit », ladɣa deg wayen yerzan imsemras n yiẓeḍwa inmettiyen, i d-yezzireg uɣbalu-nni ».
Gar tigawin yettwaseḍran deg useggas n 2020, d ufuɣ n yiwet n tanaḍt taslekmant isebḍen timidmin n umahil deg yirmuden n teɣwalt deg wanternet akked umsaka n tririt neɣ n useɣti deg usmel aliktrunan.


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Aseflay
Aseflay (Asget: Tiseflay), (Assaɣ usnan: Falcon) d tawsit n igṭaṭ isekliwen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tseflay
Tikeli d uglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Timellalin n useflay ttefruruxen-d deg taggara n unebdu deg tallit nni tawtemt n useflay tgemmer-d tigmrawin n iylalen yettinigen i wakken ad ttessečč ifrax-is
Teɣzi n useflay tettili gar n 25 ar 70 cm, yettazen 2 kg dɣa d tiwetmin i yugaren iwetmen deg azuk
Tilmas n useflay[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Alullam d tilmas-is
- Asɣen de tilmas-is
- Awerẓellim (Falco cherrug)


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S tidett, tuɣa war izemmar uřa d ijj ad ssenni yekk.
Tessaggʷad. A yaman, a iqarqriwen, a yinni n ʷadu tmurt. Tiṭṭ n tɣanimt iǧa tessaggʷad s ʷass mani ɛad ɣar tmeddit, iwa di tsaǧest nnehřa ma inna ac ḥed. Marra iwdan tuɣa teggʷden tamcant nni, ameẓyan d umeqqran, am uqubbani am wenni i yeɣrin adřis n Arebbi! Tuɣa ǧan! s uyenni? Tuɣa ayen din, inni n ʷadu tmurt; uřa d nitni tuɣa zedɣen s waman d tfawt, temḥizwaren ak d inni igguren sennej i tmurt. Aṭṭas n yewdan din i ccin ticti, din deg wemcan nni umi qqaren tiṭṭ n tɣanimt. Din i yecca uřa d Ssi Ḥemmu ticti. Waxxa tuɣa issen ad iṭenṭen awařen n Arebbi, maca inni n ʷadu tmurt tuɣa aqa war d as d arrin taynit.
Ijj n twařa Ssi Ḥemmu iǧa iruḥ ad icarz di yart deg usseggʷas n 1940, Tuɣa ɣares tnayen n tarwa nnes, aḥenjir d tḥenjirt. S uziř, ijja iḥenjiren ak d yemmatsen di taddart n wedrar, iruḥ ad icarz di yart, tammurt n řewḍa, abrid ɣares x iḍaren yiggʷejj. Umi ikka Ssi Ḥemmu x tiṭṭ n tɣanimt, ikka ssin ɣar tuffut, inni n ʷadu tmurt -ad yiři- tuɣa ṭṣen. Abrid d taysart, twařat a aqa war imsar ca, maca tadewřa ad teqqim d amarwas n inaden. Tuɣa mařa yidar ḥed tiṭṭ n tɣanimt, iwdan tdakkʷařen tcarriwen, addud nsen ifessi.
Ssi Ḥemmu tuɣa ɣares tnayen n tfunasin. Ict nnes, ict n ʷajjar nnes. Tuɣa carrcen, teggen adwař, ijj n ʷass i Ssi Ḥemmu , ass nneɣni i ʷajjar nnes. Umi i d ɣa yaweḍ uɣeǧay n tfuct, ikemmeř tiyarza, idřeq i tyuya n tfunasin. Min xef i yesmun asɣar nnes, d dduzan nneɣni n tyarza, uca imneɛ-d abrid ɣar taddart n wedrar. Tifunasin nni mseḍfarent, ict zzat i tenneɣni, ggurent zzat i Ssi Ḥemmu,…řexxu aqa yabrid d tsawent.
Umi i d ɣa yaweḍ azyen n webrid, tekkar ict n tfunast zi tnayen nni teffeɣ abrid, tekka manis nneɣni, maca tafunast n Ssi Ḥemmu temneɛ-d abrid nican ɣar taddart n wedrar, tenni n midden aqa tweddar. Umi i d ɣa yaweḍ Ssi Ḥemmu ɣar taddart, isseqsa tamɣat nnes x tfunast n ʷajjar, tenna as temɣart nnes: “necc aqa war ẓriɣ jjuret n tfunast’. Ssenni idweř x webrid nnes s ǧiřet ad xafes yarzu.
Ař ami i ɣa yaweḍ ɣar tiṭṭ n tɣanimt, yufa din řemḥaǧet n yinni n wadu tmurt trajan t, uca ggin as min d as ggin! War tejjin ad yarzu x tfunast n ʷajjar, uřa x ca nneɣni, ssenni ssekken t id itazzeř……ak d webrid. Umi i d ɣa yedweř ɣar taddart, awař amezwaru isseqsa tamɣart nnes, inna as: “Ma sebḥan war teẓrid tafunast n ʷajjar, necc aqa uḥřeɣ di tarezzut war tt ufiɣ”. Issawař ak d temɣart nnes, ifassen nnes tarjijin, aqemmum ifareɣ, tiṭṭawin ɣeřyent, d inagan n inufřen. Uca inna as i temɣart nnes: “kkar a yeǧis n midden, jmeɛ reḥnuḍ nnem aqa ggiɣ ad zzenzeɣ taddart ḥuma ad xeřfeɣ tafunast i ʷajjar.’
Ƴar tuffut, tekkar temɣart nnes, tekka x temɣart nni i das ijjin tafunast. Tenna as: “aqa tafunast nnem….tweddař, kkar ad xafes narzu.’ Am nni nnit, ssenni qqiment tazřent x yebriden, am ggurent sseqsant ca n imeḥḍaren, tuɣa uřyen-d ad ɣaren di temzida n dcar, uca tenna asen: “ a..a…a wřadi, a…a… a… tarwa inu ma war teẓrim ict n temcumt n tfuast tweddar aneɣ iḍennaḍ ɣar tmeddit?’ issiweř d ɣar sent ijj n uḥenjir inna asent “aqa tt diha tejna deg weqwir, zzat i wazzay n yiřfan.” Ruḥent temɣarin nedhent id tafunast nni, dewřent id ɣar taddart.
Umi i d ɣa dewřent ɣar tadart n wedrar ufint Ssi Ḥemmu icca ticti, iffeɣ as waǧi zeg wemcan nnes, yarjef, itbuhruy, idweř issawař ak d yexf nes, iqqar: “Inni n tiṭṭ n tɣanimt ɛad war d udifen? Mani ǧan? Tamɣart n Ssi Ḥemmu twařa aryaz nnes itjefjuf uca tessidef it ɣar waxxam n tɣurfet, tendar xafes tassut. Ssenni teffeɣ d ɣar tyennurt, tessiɣ timessi ad tegg amensi.
Tḥart-d x tebqect n weysum ad tessiweḍ i wmehruc nnes ad immunsu, ak wadaf ɣar wexxam, tufa akides řemḥaǧet n yewdan bbuzřen jar waryaz nnes! Ssenni Teffeɣ temɣart nni ɣar wazzay ad tessekkar tɣuyyit maca tufa řemřaḥ itmuǧuɣ s řɣaci. Usin-d zi tiṭṭ n tɣanimt ad arezfen ɣar Ssi Ḥemmu. Ssenni tedweř ɣar wexxam n tɣurfet. Tufa aryaz nnes qeḍwen t zeg weɛrur, war itikkʷiḍ tammurt, war itgeɛɛid ɣar ujenna. Am nni i yeqqim itnezbar zeg weɛrur. Tiwecca nnes, ksin t ɣar wemrabeḍ n dcar, din i yeffeɣ buḥbeř nnes. Qbeř i ɣa yemmet, tenna as temɣart nnes: “ secched! a Ssi ḥemmu” Inna as netta: “ S minzi? Ma s tiṭṭ n tɣanimt, niɣ?”.
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Azzan
Azzan (Assaɣ ussnan: Fagus) d tawsit n isekla imezgiyen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tezzant. Llant kra n temrwin n telmas id yettemɣayen deg Turuft d Asya d Marikan Ugafa yakk d Tefriqt ugafa (deg idurar n waṭlas d Tmurt n Iqbayliyen)
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Addad n tewsit d imihiyen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Umuɣ n telmas[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Azzan azegza — (Fagus sylvatica)
- Azan asemran — (Fagus orientalis)
Tiwlafin n telmas[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Asexdem d iseqdac[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Asɣar n wazzan d win yettusxedmen deg tmugri d ufares n waṭas n telmas n iruka


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Taskla
Taskla tga yan wanaw g usiwl anafgan f tugtt n tufrayin d iswingimn d yimyan d ifrfudn nns s yat tɣarast tamawant n tirra, sg uzuzzr, s tmdyazt, s umarg, afad ad yaf ufgan taɣarast nna t issusumn ad srs isawl f tɣawsiwin lli as igan anzgum, nɣ iɣ ur iẓḍar awd kra n wanaw yaḍni ad isawl fllas. Tlla dar tskla yat tzdayt mqquṛn d tutlayt, acku tayafut n kra n tutlayt ar tt nttafa g tussna nns ittyuran, nɣ ittusmattin s yimi zɣ tasut s tayyaḍ zun d tutlayt nnɣ Tamaziɣt, d ar ttuḥḍa ttussna yad g mnnaw n wanawn n tskla, ukan ar ttmzaray s idɣarn d izmaz, d ar bdda gis ittili kra n umzaray d usmaynu s uzray n yizmazz. Llan t kigan n twnnatin f mad igan taskla d ɣmk lli is inna Wilyam Haẓelt (Taskla n kraygat tmtti ad igan tisit n iswingimn nns).
Ar iddenkay uzuzzr (Nnatr s tsrɣint) zɣ tirra i ur iṭṭafn awd kra n unuɣ unṣib i srs ittuẓlan nɣ nttan ad ur igin tamdyazt. Amma Tamdyazt nɣ Amarg ar gis ittarm umedyaz s unck nna mmu iẓḍaṛ ad gis isfalki awal d tguriwin d ad issmrs tiɣarasin tisṛqqiyin tisfalkayin d ussmrs n tmɣrutin.
Kra n tskliwin timaziɣin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Amarg / Tamdyazt
- Azuzzr
- Anzi
- Tullist
- Tanna
- Ungal
Iɣbula[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Amgrad ad iga amud, imẓẓiy ka sul. Aws i Wikipidya s usnfl nns, tssimɣurt t.


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Deg umyager gar unabaḍ d yiwaliyen, yenna-d uselway Tebboune dakken asmurer s watigen n yifarisen n uzadur ttgen-t « yijenṭiḍen d yimennekcamen » ay yettarmen ad sfeclen awanak s useɣnew n lexṣaṣ, am wakken ay d-yerna dakken awanak yewwi-d addud d « aquran » deg temsalt-a yernu yegguccel « ad yesnes adabu-nnes ay d-yugem seg uɣref ».
Seg yidis niḍen, yenna-d uselway n tegduda dakken asaḍuf n tukci n tekfi n trebbawt ad yebdu ad yettwasnas deg ukatar n usaḍuf n tedrimt n 2022 i uḍman n ugemmir i yinerbiyen ilemẓiyen.
Ixebber-d daɣ dakken « ad ilin yiḍrisen imaynuten n usaḍuf i usebɣes n usefti d urẓam n yihriyen n teṛmisin ɣef leḥsab n yiketturen », am wakken ay d-yerna dakken uddun amakki n yismawen n yisenfaren n usnegmu deg ukatar n usefti anagdud d ayen ay d-ikecfen dakken « llan aṭas n yisenfaren yuglen niɣ werɛad ur ten-id-caren ara », am wakken ay d-iger tiɣri i uferru n ukaram-a uqbel tagara n useggas d uzraw n yisenfaren-a yiwen, yiwen.
Iger-d daɣ tiɣri i ubeḍḍu adeblan d amaynu i useɣnew n twilayin tinesmigalin d timaynutin deg Yignan Unnigen d ugafa n tmurt.


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« Aneɣlaf Amenzu, aneɣlaf n Tiẓraf, Mass Aïmene Benabderrahmane yesselwi, ass n Usiḍyas (ssebt) 11 Ctember 2021, yiwet n temlilit n Unabaḍ i d-yeḍran deg Leqṣer n Unabaḍ ».
Am wakken i d-yers deg wahil n temlilit, skeyden yinesɣuma n Unabaḍ yiwen (01) n send-senfar n usaḍuf akked kraḍ (03) n tanaḍin tislekmanin i d-skecmen yineɣlafen yettwakelfen s Teɣdemt, s Tnezzut akked Tfellaḥt.
Rnu-yas, sin (02) n yinawen i d-snekden uneɣlaf n Tnezduɣt, n Usiɣrem akked Tiɣremt akked uneɣlaf anesmigal n uneɣlaf Amenzu yettwakelfen s Tdamsa n Tmussni akked teṛmisin n Tesnatwilin timaynutin.
Yela daɣen Unabaḍ i yiwen n ufsir i yessenked uneɣlaf n Teɣdemt, yerza send-senfar n usaḍuf icudden ɣer tnezraf tideblanin.


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Tamacahutt agi, d tamacahutt n yiwen yilat neɣ ma teqqarem-as acacfal (géant), yettwa-snen di yal timura n umaḍal. Qqaren-d wid t-iwalan, m ad-yelḥu deg tlemmast n yill, iḍarren-is ttrusun af lqaɛa, maca aman ur d-ttawḍen ara ar tuyat-is. D angmar (chasseur) bu lhiba, yeẓwer deg ssyaḍa, ur yettagwad lewḥuc n teẓgi, s yedmaren ig ttqabal, ur yettuɣal timendeffirt.
"Amnir" i d ism-is, iluled deg unebdu, seg uglim n wezger ig nṭel ugellid baba-s deg uḥriq s ddaw wakal ur n ttak igumma, yeswa-t s idammen n yizem, ur t-id-rba tmeṭṭut, ur yessin tilqeq akked uzuzzen n tyemmatt, ur d-yekker s tmucuha zdat lkanun.
Ass-nni i deg yunag ar tmurt nniḍen, yezger izuɣar, idurar, akked lebḥur. Yewwi iberdan yennḍen, yeẓra-d tiẓegwa yessewḥacen, yelḥa ussan d wuḍan, armi yewweḍ ar yiwet tgelda ibeɛden. Yufa-d dinna tulawin maci d kra., maca ul-is ɣer tgeldunt ig mal. Mi yessuter afus n teqcict i baba-s, agellid yenna-yas deg awal-is : "Sliɣ la heddren medden, neṭqend ula d iɣersiwen, nnan-d kečč d angmar n yezmawen. Tessutreḍ-d yell-i f-ittnaɣen yergazen, attan d zwaǧ-ik maca wissen, ma tuklaleḍ mummu n wallen...". Ineṭqed wergaz yenna-d "ay agelliḍ amuqran, ak-id-yaweḍ ayen k-yehwan, creḍ ad-k-d-awiɣ ula d adefel yerɣan". Ixemmem ugellid yenna-yas : "Maci d adfel i ycuɣben, i yɣaḍen d wid yemmuten, yečča-ten waɣzen, ruḥ ma tzemreḍ ad-t-id-qabled s yidmaren, ad-k-heggiɣ tameɣra s iḍebbalen". Agellid yenna, argaz yesla, ur yewwi la učči, la aɛewdiw is-d-fkan, ala adebbuz ines, yerna yesbur agwlim n yizem, yedda.
Ur ɛeddan ara kraḍ (3) w ussan yuɣaled, ar ass-a, yiwen ur yeẓri amek yenɣa waɣzen, maca yewwid icciwen-is deg culliḍ-is yessersi-ten zdat ugellid. Agellid, ibeddel wudm-is, ur yurǧi ara ad yuɣal wergaz d ameddur, yenna-yas "ih, ih, yirbeḥ a mm-i", maɛna maci d tameɣra is-d-ihegga i uḍeggwal, d acangel am win ttheggin i yir acengu. Yersed yiḍ, yceggɛed ugellid sstut m lebtut ar wexxam anda yeggan wergaz, s tmes tesserɣ-as allen-is almi yedderɣel, ṭṭfen-t di 20 yid-sen, refden-t, bwin-t, ḍeggren-t af yiri n yil, ǧǧan-t dinna akken ad-t-eččen w uccanen. I yewɛer lexdeɛ, deg ul n wergaz iḥerreq, yekker, yeggul ad yerr ttar, yekcem ar yil, allen-is smarayent idammen. Yebbwi abrid ger waman, yessared anezgum s temreɣ n yil, yesserɣ urfan s ḥammu n yiṭij, yteddu kan, wer yeẓri sani, mi yewweḍ ar yiwen weẓru, isenned, yerẓa-t ɛeggu, yewwi-t nadam.
M id-yuki si tnafa, yufa iman-is deg usu, zdat-s yḥulfa i tmeṭṭut, yemḥaḥed, yebɣa ad-yekker, tenna-yas : "tbaneḍ-d d amennay, neɣ d angmar, sgunfu wer ttagad". Tɛawez fell-as sa (7) wussan, d sa (7) wuḍan, yal ass tsefaḍ-as allen-is s tḥergiwin (potion magique), armi d ass-nni i deg d-yeldi allen-is. A tafat id-yeflalin fell-as, a tayri t-id-yeqsen, mi yeẓra tameṭṭut i t-id-ijemɛen. I yecbeḥ weglim-is, i zuggwaɣit tcenfirin-is, af tuyat yeɣli-d wemzur-is. Yeẓra-d tiziri deg zal, yeshetrif wer aṭan, teqsit-id tayri, deg ul-is ṭṭerḍqen iḥulfan, ifeggeḍ d leḥmala, yesmared asirem.
Tameṭṭut ula d nettat d tangmart, aneccab-is (flèche) d usdid, werǧin yezgel tanegmirt (proie). Teteddu d iɣersiwen, anda truḥ ad-dduklen, yides zgan wuccanen d izamaren, iqjan, iwtal, ifrax, tizerzert d izerzaren. S anda ma tedda, tedda tnguft-is (escorte), tcalin deg teẓgi, am wakken tcalin iselman s ddaw waman. Maɛna maci ala d iɣersiwen d wumi teddukkul, ɣur-s tiklatin, gar-asent llan sa (7) tyessetmatin, teddunt yides, qeddcent fell-as, xeddment leḥruz imi d tiwkilin. Yal ta tif weltma-s :
Tamezwarut ṣṣut-is d alegɣan, m ad-tecnu awaɣezniw yettuɣal d llufan,
tis-snat tessen i wẓawan, m ad-turar snitra ula d Rebbi yeggan,
tis-kraḍ tessen i cḍeḥ yettban, m ad-thuz tuyat deg uzal ttirriqen yitran,
ma d tayeḍ d tanaẓurt s ccan, s yiniten tesbeɣ ula d igenwan,
weltma-s tettbeddil timeqwa n waman, yes-ent txeddem iseɣwan (bijoux),
tikent-is tegnu tiksiwin mabla lkettan, tfeṣṣel tirkasin s lmerǧan,
taneggarut tif di ssifa kra yellan, yewwi daɛwessu kra itt-iwalan.
Imi tent-iwala wemcum, yettu tayri-s, yettu awal s-yefka i tin iḥemmel, mi s-yenna "nekk yidem i lebda". Yuɣal am umattar, yezga yeṭṭafar tiwkilin, anda ruḥent yedda, anda yedda rewlent. Am yiṭij awk d yitran, tturanren tuqqna tuffra.
Ayagi yak ur d-as-iruḥ ara i tuzyint, teẓra kra yellan. Turǧa ad-yeɣli yiḍ, mi gnen iɣersiwen d lewḥuc, tessawel i teklatin-is, tenna-yasent "fernemt acu tebɣamt, nekk ad-kunt-serrḥeɣ kunemti ruḥemt anda kunt-yehwa, maca ur d-ttuɣalemt ara ar tegzirt-a, sbeɛdemt anda kunt-yehwa, ad-kunt-tefkeɣ iɣersiwen i terramt, ad-tidiremt d tilelliyin, ulac acu ara kunt-ixaṣṣen". Tneṭq-ed tmenzut tennay-as "nukkenti dagi i nettidir, ula anda an-ruḥ". Tenna-yasent "ad-truḥemt neɣ ad-akunt-erreɣ d iɣersiwen, fernemt !". Tenna tlemmast deg-sent "ayɣer ara nruḥ, d tagi id tamurt nneɣ, seg mi d necfa af yemma-s n ddunit". Tenna-yasent "ihi ad-kunt-rreɣ d iɣersiwen !". Tenṭeq tmecṭuḥt tenna-d deg awal-is : "ihi rraɣ d itbiren akken ad-nesrifeg s anida nniḍen". Ihi terra-tent d itbiren, maca werǧin srafgent ar tmura nniḍen, qqiment dinna, ddawarent af uxxam n yillat, i bɣant d ttar ad-terrent.
Imi ig-faq wergaz tiwkilin qlun-t d itbiren, yuɣal yettɣimi kan ɣur-sent, ur yecliɛ deg amek i gant, yettmeḥsis ala i nuttenti, imi s-wwint allaɣ-is, ula d netta yefkayasent ul-is. Terfa tmeṭṭut, win tḥemmel yezga d yitbiren, ɣurrentett s inciwen. Lvaz yeǧǧa taninna af yitbiren, amqerqur yessams tasekkurt s ileddayen.
Teggul, ur tesseḥnet, iḍ agi ad-terɛed. Turǧa ad yers iḍ, mi gnent tetbirin af useklu (arbre), tessawel i wfalku, tenna-yas "Meḥqiten-t aken i meḥqent ul-iw, s yidammen nsent ara yeḥlu ufeddix-iw". Netta iberrez fell-asent am yizem, yeṭṭef-itent ger waccaren-is, ssawlent ula w ad-yerren, yessugḍ-itent yiwet yiwet, a Rebbi ur telliḍ d amsellek. Ygezm-itent, igezr-itent, ur d-yeqqim deg-sent ala rric, yeɣl-id am udfel yessa.
Teɣli-d tsusmi af teẓgi, ggugmen iɣersiwen, isekla qquren, kkawen waman deg saffen, qujjren wulawen... teqqim teqcict ar lqaɛa, tesḥissif, tismin id-tt-issawḍen ar wannect-a. Tjemɛed rric-nni af irebbi-s, tsuḍ fella-s s unezgum, yesrafeg rric ar yigenni, qqlunt tewkilin d itran. Tmuqel ɣer-sent, cebbḥent igenni s wucraraq-nsent. Maca tiẓgi ur tessin asurif...
Yesla-d wergaz i wannect-nni n usuɣu, yuzzel-d, yufa tameṭṭut di lqaɛa, rric ger ifassen-is. Ibedd di tlemmast n yiḍ, yettmuqul kan. Tefɣed tɣirḍemt s ddaw lqaɛa, id-tt-id-yuznen d agama, berikt am tirgin, tettirriq si ddɣel, tusad ad-tawi asfel, s-wayes ad-terr ttar n wid d-turew teẓgi. Mi id-teqqes tɣirḍemt tasemmamt argaz, ula d-as-d-yexedem wenẓar, yuzzel deg-s ssem, yečča agwlim-is s ddɣel, yeɣli af tikelt, tiɣri-ines tcerreg igenwan. Nnan-d wid yeddren di tallit-nni, ula d lqaɛa thuzz mi yebbenṭeḥ, asuɣu-ines yessakwid ula d wid yemmuten. Tuzzled ɣer-s tmerrayt-is, tessawel, tettru, tmejjed, ula wa d-yeslen. Uzzlen imeṭṭawen am wasif af tfekka n win tḥemmel, tmedl-as allen, s ttawil teddem-d tarwiḥt-is, twehhatt ar yigenni, "Atan wasfel n ugama awi-t". Am rric-nni, tuli terwiḥt n mmi-s ugelliḍ ar yigenwan, teqqul ula d nettat d itran, teṭṭafar itbiren n wuḍan, akka id-ḥkan wid yecfan.
yir.taqcict@imyura.net


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Amzaɣ awniri iwekked-d, deg ulɣu-nnes wis 17, dakken « tisensirin tinaẓiyin n tredsa n uslelli gant, ass n usamas, isberriwen d ineẓẓawen yernu d ussiden deg wasun n Um Ddken, deg ugzum n Albakari, deg wasun n Hezemih, deg ugzum n Meḥbes » yernu ḥukṛen daɣ « amsegraw n yiserdasen n uwdag deg wasun n tesraft n Ishiaf deg ugzum n Albakari ».
Ɣef leḥsab n uɣbalu-a, « iɣallen n Tredsa Taɣerfant Tawnirit n Uslelli ḥukṛen, ass n usiḍyas, tizgiwin n ucengu deg wasun n Ross Sebti deg ugzum n Sebti Meḥbes, deg ugzum n Al-Forsiyya d ugzum n Osmol Khamlh d Odrakah ».
Asberrew iḥukeṛ daɣ « izaduren n tredsa n uwdag deg temnaḍt n Alfayeen deg ugzum n Al-Forsiyya ».
Imenɣan n tredsa tawnirit ttkemmilen inṭagen-nsen ineẓẓawen ɣef tezgiwin n tredsa n uwdag deffir ma rekḍen yiserdasen imeṛṛukiyen amtawa n usebded n yimenɣi yernu neṭgen iɣarimen iwniriyen yettekkan deg tmeskant tamelwit deg tbuḍi tarusḍift n Lgergarat.


text:
Adalaylama wis 14
Adalaylama Wis 14, yettwassen daɣen s yisem **Tenzin Gyatso, ilul s yisem n Lhamo Dondrub deg 6 Yulyu 1935 deg Taktser, Qinghai, Ccinwa), d netta ay d adalaylama (imḍebber n wesɣan [ddin]) n Yibudiyen n Tibet seg wasmi ay yesɛa sin n yiseggasen. Deg 1989, yuwey Arraz n Nobel n talwit yerna yettwassen s yimenɣi-nnes aɣezfan i lmend n beḍḍu n Tibet ɣef Ccinwa. Itibetiyen ttwalin-t d tarwiḥt n lejdud-nnes yerna yes-s ay d-yesskanay Ubuddha n Rreḥma iman-nnes.
Tarewla ar Lhend[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Asmi ay d-tella tnekra n Yitibetiyen deg 1959 mgal Ccinwa, Adalaylama yerwel ɣer Lhend yerna yessebded-d din anabaḍ (lḥukuma) imennejli n Tibet. Seg yimir-nni ay yebda irezzu ɣef tmura yemgerraden n umaḍal yerna yekkat i wakken ad yeḍmen tilelli i Yitibetiyen, am wakken ay yesselmad tabudit tatibetit i medden. D acu kan, anabaḍ acinwat yezga iḥeṛṛes timura tibeṛṛaniyin akken ur ttemlilint yid-s, yerna llan aṭas n wid ay d-iwten deg-s ɣef wassaɣen ay yesɛa akked CIA.


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سياحة و سفر
سياحة و سفر شسي
سياحة و سفر
s s s s s s s s a d dfj j l kj ouh hh k; j jb l ;l i nk d as fr f a fv d d لكن مثل لكن مثل s s s s s s s s a d dfj j l kj ouh hh k; j jb l ;l i nk d as fr f a fv d d لكن مثل لكن مثل s s s s s s s s a d dfj j l kj ouh hh k; j jb l ;l i nk d as fr f a fv d d لكن مثل لكن مثل
شسs s s s s s s s a d dfj j l kj ouh hh k; j jb l ;l i nk d as fr f a fv d d لكن مثل لكن مثل s s s s s s s s a d dfj j l kj ouh hh k; j jb l ;l i nk d as fr f a fv d d لكن مثل لكن مثل s s s s s s s s a d dfj j l kj ouh hh k; j jb l ;l i nk d as fr f a fv d d لكن مثل لكن مثل
s s s s s s s s a d dfj j l kj ouh hh k; j jb l ;l i nk d as fr f a fv d d لكن مثل لكن مثل s s s s s s s s a d dfj j l kj ouh hh k; j jb l ;l i nk d as fr f a fv d d لكن مثل لكن مثل s s s s s s s s a d dfj j l kj ouh hh k; j jb l ;l i nk d as fr f a fv d d لكن مثل لكن مثل
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(TAMURT) – Muḥemmed ilul-d deg Mekka, ass n 20 yebrir 571 i takuḍt* n Sidna Ɛisa. Bab-as, isem-is Ɛabdella, d mmi-s n Ɛabdella n Abuxaṭib seg udrum n iquricen n at hacem. Yemma-s, d yelli-s n Wahb, ula de nettat d taquricit. Inmezray* inselmen, caylen* berreḥen-d : « a d-yas yiwen nnbi amaynut ». S licaṛat-ines banent-d yagi seg asmi yella d ameẓyan; d akken iban aseɣlef* i wanecta, meḥsubint : « a d-yenjer abrid n ddin amaynut » ara ixulfen wid i d-yezwaren.
Yemma-s, yiwen wass, iweḥḥa-as-id Yillu, twala tafat mi d-tteffeɣ deg if-is* i gefkan tiziri i weɣrem* n Borsa*. Iḍ nni mi d-illu, nneqlabent ṛbaɛṭac n izlayen* n iɣrem Khosroés. Amubedan, neɣ amzerfu* ameqran n tmurt n Tafersit* yewwi-yas-id Yillu deg lemnam ileɣman iweḥciyen* stbaɛn igmaren deffir-nsen, zegren asif n Atagri* syenna , mmɣen zerɛen iman-nsen af lber d lexlawi, yal yiwen abrid yewwi.
Tin i t-id-irebban, qqaren-as Ḥlima; yiwen wass usan-d ɣer-s sin yergazen, lsan-d llebsa-nsen d tamellalt, mmɣen ḍelqen-t ar tmurt, llin-as idmaren-is: A ziɣen d ineɣlas*, imiren ssarden-as ul-is s wedfel, ččuren-t d liman ak d lḥanna. Tnac n iseggasen kan di tuder-is asmi iṣufer ar Surya yedda netta ak d xal-is Abuṭaleb, d uxelwi* amasiḥ Vahira, iɛqlen deg-s kra n iseɣlan n ttewḥid deg wakken ittwali deg-s asmi ara yaweḍ d argaz s lbext* amamay*.
Xas akken licayerat agi* mazal ur tessewhment, ur testaɛǧebent ara tawacult n Muḥemmed; mazal-itt ur tumin ara a d-yili d ayen i d-caren fell-as akk inekkaden*.
Dunnit-is ur s-d-ḍsa ara, acku immut baba-s Ɛabdella mi d-yuɣal deg lɣiba si Surya; ɣur-s diɣen anagar n setta iseggasen imi yemma-s Yamina, izgan dima d tamuḍint, kkaten-tt ijenniwen; yiwen was tettwaxḍef, ulac win i yɛawden iwala-tt seg-assen.
S lweṛta, teǧa-as-id : taxxamt, taklit taqeddact, xemsa n ileɣman ak d kra n wulli. Daya is d-yegran d lwerta ar imawlan-is.
Jedd-is Ɛabdelmuṭaleb ijmaɛ-it-id, maca ur iɛeṭṭel ara issawel-as-id bab igenwan, ijemɛ-it ula d netta. Syenna, yegra-d ar xali-s Abuṭaleb yuɣalen d awkil-is, irebba-t-id. Xal-is agi ḥnin, maca d igellil ula d netta ɣur-s arraw-is ur asen-yezmir ara aten-yessider meṛṛa.
Ihi, Muḥemmed-agi yuḥwaǧ ad iṣewwer aɣrum-is am medden; yuɣal yufa-d lxedma d ameksa, tinna akken i xeddment tullas neɣ waklan, meḥsub d taxeddimt nni taneggarut.
Tagara-wyen, mi imuqel, iqqar iman-is: « cwi kan imi i d-kkiɣ si lḥif, armi jeṛṛebeɣ akk lemḥayen n dunnit, am tid i yɛaddan af Mussa d Dawed; yak seg imeksawen i gferren Yillu lambiyat ».
Γur-s yiwet n lwasila-s di Mekka iwumi qqaren Taxǧiǧatt*. Ttaǧǧalt, tennebra berdayen d yergazen i tuɣ. D nettat i yessefraken* akk af cci i tesɛa. Am iḥiǧaziyen n tallit-nni i grebḥen seg tleɣma i ttaxeddimt-ines. Abuṭaleb xal-is n Muḥemmed, iṛṛay fell-as akken ad yuɣal d axeddam ɣur Texǧiǧatt; d nettat ara t-id-yekksen si lḥif ideg yettɛummu seg asmi i d-ilul.
Amawal:
takuḍt: ére / inmezray: historiens /caylen: prédire /aseɣlef: mission /if, iffan: sein, seins /iɣrem: palais (Borsa). /izlayen: tours /amzerfu: juge
Tafersit: Pérse /iweḥciyen: indomptés /atagri: Tigre (fleuve)
ineɣlas: anges /axelwi: moine /lbext: destinée /amamay: glorieux licayer: horoscopes /inekkaden: voyants /Taxǧiǧatt: khadidja
yesseflaken: gerer
* Traduit du français d’aprés l’encyclopédie de Lavisse et Rambau histoires générale. Muḥemmed: la fondation de l’islamisme (pages: 438,39, 40). De 395 à 1095 (tome I).
Hand Berkouk


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Ass-a bɣiɣ ad mmeslayeɣ af yizem d tsedda.
D ayen yettwassnen di tuddar n leqbayel merra; mi ara d-yaf yiwen argaz (tameṭṭut) yesɛan tabɣest neɣ ayen yelhan, ad s-yini "kečč (kemm) d izem (tasedda)". Nniɣ-awen-d yakan awalen-agi d tbelɛiṭ ɣur-i ur d iyi-tuminem ara. Maca yella wayen yugaren aya :
Ihi ad nebdu kan si tsedda. Tasedda, d tawtemt n yizem, teẓwer nezzeh di ṣṣyaḍa... d acu kan mi d-tṣeggeḍ aɣersiw a d-yas yizem s twellaqin-is ad s-t-yawi ! Mi yečča yeṛwa ad yeẓẓel seddaw yiṭij akken ad brunzint tiwellaqin-is. Imir tezmer ad tebḍu tsedda asager-nni d yiffis.
Xas akken drus i tečča tsedda, ad tini kan "lḥemdu li llah". Ad teẓẓel ula d nettat d tikniwin-is... ba wi, yal izem yesɛa aɛemmur n (les femelles?). Yerna yessefk yal yiwet ad tarǧu nnuba-ines, akken ad tt-yeqqu bu twellaqt.
Lemmer meqqar d uqqu n leḥmala, yal 4 wagguren ad tarew si yiwen alamma d ukkuẓ imecṭaḥ, ad sen-tessečč, ad ten-tessemɣer, ad-sen-tesselmed tudert iman-is kan am tin i wumi yebra wergaz-is iḍ-nni i deg tedda d tislit.
Annect-a yakk, terna tḥemmel teqbaylit wa ad as-inin : "kemm d tasedda", amzun yenna-yas "bɣiɣ ad kem-qquɣ" yerna teḍṣa-yas-d...
Iqbayliyen byansur yehwa-yasen ad ilin d izmwan a mḥayn-k, ulac ula yiwen bu twellaqt a d-yekkren akken a d-yini "nekk d amdan, maci d lḥayawan (d aɣersiw)"!!! A d-nini meqqar yella win yesɛan cwiṭ limaniti a sidi ! Ala ! bɣan akk ad ẓẓlen seddaw yiṭij, ad ttfan am ifenyanen, ad rebbɛen akk ifassen, ad rnun ad fessren iwellaqen... Yehwa-yasen-d ad ilin d izmawen, acku ferrun timsal s tuɣmas d weccaren. Ḥemmlen wid ten-yettagaden, ttun d imcac ay llan d taɛelliṭ kan i izaden, ttif meqqar amcic, wala wid i wumi ttfuḥun yimawen.
Lydia


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Tadiwennit sɣur Karim Kherbouche.
Di tzenqatin n Paris, yiwet n tlemẓit tleḥḥu tettxemmim, ɣef wudem-is yettban lxiq. D tamedyazt, d tacennayt. D tanaẓurt; tesnulfa-d tayri. Tettidir yes-s. Tayri n win yunagen, n win yegguman ad d-yuɣal, yenwan yufa tin i tt-yifen. Maca d tayri war tillas, yessefsayen ulawen yeqquren, d tin i d-yettarran asirem, asirem n tuɣalin n win i nḥemmel.
Tilemẓit-a d Taninna, d tacennayt Tannina. Surfet-iyi, ur yelli d targit i urgaɣ i wen-d-ttalseɣ. Tzemrem ad twalim ula d kunwi s wallen-nwen cbaḥa n tugniwin-a i ɣef i wen-d-ttmeslayeɣ deg leklip i tga Taninna i tezlit-ines umi tsemma “Ay Idir, Aggad Rebbi”.
Dɣa, nekk, akken walaɣ timlemẓit-a, bɣiɣ ad mmeslayeɣ yid-s, ad tt-issineɣ. Beddeɣ rrif n ubrid, gguniɣ-tt. Tewweḍ-d, dɣa tekcem ɣer yiwet n tɣilust, teqqim ɣer ṭṭabla, terfed-d imru, tebda la tettaru... tamedyazt. Ur ẓriɣ amek i d-ufiɣ iman-iw udem ɣer wudem yid-s, nettmeslay amzun akken nemyusan seg wacḥal aya. “D leḥmala n tẓuri i ɣ-d-yesduklen, daymi ḥlawet tmeslayt gar-aneɣ”, i yi-d-tenna. Mačči kan d aya i yi-d-tenna; yella waya d wayen yugaren aya. Ur ttefreɣ ara fell-awen, ay imeddaukal, hata wayen i nemmeslay :
Azul a Taninna, s wanta tutlayt i tebɣiḍ ad nemmeslay, s tefransist neɣ s tmaziɣt ?
Akken tebɣiḍ ! Ssneɣ taqbaylit d tefransist ! Qqareɣ-tent, ttaruɣ-tent i snat ! Wali kečč d acu i yeffɣen fella-k.
Imi ɣur-i i d-yeggra wawal, dɣa ulac tin yifen tutlayt-nneɣ...
Yerbeḥ a Karim. Atan wawal d awal-ik !
Di tazwara, i wid ur kem-nessin ara ead, d anta i d Tannina?
Taninna d tacennayt taqbaylit. Luleɣ di Paris azal n 35 n yiseggasen aya. D amennuɣ ɣef teqbaylit i yi-d-yewwin ɣer ccna. Imi akken lliɣ qqareɣ di tesdawit, tella dinna yiwet n tidukla tadelsant umi semman TIKLI ideg ttekkiɣ kra n yisegassen akken uqbel ara uɣaleɣ d taselwayt-ines kra n wakud akken. Syin akkin, lemdeɣ aṭas ɣef yidles amaziɣ akked tutlayt taqbaylit. Daymi kecmeɣ ɣer Inalco n Paris (tasdawit n teqbaylit) i wakken ad lemdeɣ taqbaylit. Seg uḥrured ɣer ucrured, ufiɣ-d iman-iw ttaruɣ s teqbaylit, bdiɣ xeddmeɣ tizlatin. Imir seiɣ 19 n yisegassen. Maca lliɣ ttaruɣ s tefransist aṭas isegassen uqbel. Ttarruɣ tameddyazt, ttaruɣ tullisin. Ḥemmleɣ tira si zik-iw. Maca isefra-nni ur ten-cniɣ ara, jemɛeɣ-ten kan d agerruj n wul-iw d yimru-inu
Γef wakken sliɣ d Salem Chaker i yellan d aselmad-im, d tidet neɣ ala?
Ih, d tidet d Salem Chaker i d aselmad-inu. Aṭas i lemdeɣ ɣur-s; cfiɣ iḥemmel s waṭas ma yi-d yerr tiwriqin-iw n ukayad...
Yella kra uḍebsi i tesseklaseḍ akka imir-a?
Ih, aql-i la ssewjadeɣ aḍebsi-inu wis-3. Ad ilint deg-s gar 10 d 12 n tezlatin. Ma tebɣa tezmert, ad d-yeffeɣ aseggas-a.
Ini-d, a Tannina, di tezlatin-im, d acu umi tettakkeḍ azal meqqren, d isefra neɣ d aẓawan?
Igerrez nezzeh usteqsi-a acku aṭas n tririyin ara ak-d-fkeɣ fell-as. Tikwal tezmer ad ayi-d-tas takti ɣef usefru, ad t-aruɣ qbel ad iruḥ. Tikwal-niḍen d aẓawan ara d-yasen iman-is ! Ilaq din din ad t-skelseɣ. Tikwal, tezmer tezlit s timmad-is ad d-tas s usefru-ines akked uẓawan-ines. Tina tettɣima aṭas deg wallaɣ-iw ɣas ur tt-skelseɣ ara... Ruḥ tura kečč ad teẓreḍ acimi! ( s teḍsa)
Tgerrez aṭas teqbaylit-im, yerna tluleḍ di Paris! Anda i tlemdeḍ taqbaylit, di Inalco neɣ ɣur yemma-m d baba-m seg wasmi telliḍ d tamecṭuḥt?
Ḥemmleɣ merra tutlayin n yal tamurt, rnu ɣer wanect-a ɣriɣ tasnislit. Ih, deg uxxam, ttmeslayen-aɣ-d yimawlan s teqbaylit. Maca nekk akken ttwaliɣ leqbayel akken ma llan, ladɣa tiqbayliyin, ttmeslayen s teqbaylit deg uxxam !
Syin ɣer-s, mi kecmeɣ ɣer Inalco, d ayen ibanen rniɣ-d aṭas ɣef tmaziɣt, akka am tjerrumt d wawalen imaynuten. Γriɣ ciṭuh n tcelḥit d tmaccaɣt daɣen maca tura ad tafeḍ ur ceffuɣ ara aṭas.
Melmi i d-tessufɣeḍ aḍebsi-inem amezwaru s teqbaylit?
Ssuffɣeɣ-d aḍebsi-inu amezwaru deg useggas n 1997. Wis-sin yeffeɣ-d di 2004. aCD wis-3 ad d-yeffeɣ deg wussan i d-iteddun, ad tili yiwet n tezlit ara yesɛun sin n wudmawen ma zemreɣ ad iniɣ akka: s trumit akked teqbaylit. Ssarameɣ ad dyeffeɣ di tmurt n Leqbayel merra! Tura s Internet, nezmer ad aɣ-slen di yal tmurt maca bɣiɣ ad d-yeffeɣ di tmurt.
Tettaseḍ-d ɣer tmurt yal aseggas?
Ih, ɣas akka luleɣ deg Faffa, ttruḥuɣ ɣer tmurt. Nekk seg At Yiraten, ilaq-iyi ad ẓureɣ Sidi Hend Awanu yal m'ara n-subbeɣ !
Anwa neɣ anta i iḥemmlen s waṭas tizlatin-im deg uxxam-nwen?
Yewɛer usteqsi-agi inek, teẓriḍ yal yiwen amek yettḥuss, wa ad yemmal wul-is ɣer uẓawan, wayeḍ ɣer tmeddyazt, wa ɣer wayen-niḍen. Akken llan deg uxxam, ḥemmlen, ferḥen s wayen xeddmeɣ.
Anwa acennay neɣ icennayen iwumi tḥemmleḍ ad tesleḍ, ama s teqbaylit ama s tefransist?
Aṭas i ḥemmleɣ ad asen-ssleɣ. ḥemmleɣ aṭas ccna atrar d yicennayen yessexdamen tamedyazt igerrzen. S teqbaylit, tin ḥemmleɣ s waṭas d Zuhra ad fell-as yeefu yerḥem. S tefransist, ḥemmleɣ Elsa d Daniel BALAVOINE ad as-yaɛfu Rebbi ula d netta.
Anwa adlis i teɣriḍ i m-iɛejben s waṭas?
Ḥemmleɣ yal adlis yerzan idles aqbayli d yidles amaziɣ sumata. Maca qqareɣ aṭas n yedlisen n tmura tiberraniyin. Ḥemmleɣ daɣen ungalen. Aṭas i ḥemmleɣ maca zemreɣ a k-id-jebdeɣ Alex Haley "Racines" d "histoire de ma vie" n Fadhma At Mansour Amrouche.
Awal-im aneggaru ma tebɣiḍ ad nfakk yes-s?
Tanemmirt-inek a Karim, sɛeddaɣ tadiwennit timgerrezt. Sfelteɣ d ayen ara sen-iɛejben i yimeɣriyen n la DDK. Affud igerrzen a gma, awi talwit !
Imeslayen i d-yelqeḍ
Karim Kherbouche


text:
Le MPA dit non à Bensalah
Le Mouvement populaire algérien (MPA) a décliné, hier, l’invitation qui lui a été adressée par e chef de l’état, en vue de participer à...
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Segmi yebda umussu-agi aɣerfan, i d-yebdan ass n lǧemɛa 22 yebrir 2019, tekcem tmurt deg yiwet n tallit tamxaleft deg umezruy n tmurt n...
Asfuggel n wass n tmussni d Tefsut n Yimaziɣen
I wakken ad yeqqim d asmekti, i wakken amezruy ad yidir, ur yettruḥu ara, yewwi-d ad t-ssisnen i warrac. Imi d wigad ara...
D tikli tameqqrant n yiseɣ
Send iḍelli n ssebt, 20 yebrir 2019, yella-d usmekti n snat n tefsutin yeqqnen ɣer tmagit n uɣref amaziɣ. D tafsut n yimaziɣen (20...
Yella-d wass wis sin n usileɣ i 164 n yimekkiyen
Mbeɛd mi i d-tuɣal temsizzelt n tira Imura n tmurt-iw deg tezrigt-is tis snat, yebdan deg wussan iɛeddan. Yella-d ufran n yinelmaden ara igensen...
D acu i d Tafsut n Yimaziɣen ?
Yal aseggas yettezzi-d akken tarwa-s ad t-tesfugel, ad as-terr azal. Acku d azemz yesɛan azal, yettuɣal-d s yiseɣ, syin i d-yebda ubrid. Yejmeɛ-d idles,...
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Yella-d ass n aram iɛeddan 16 deg yebrir ukemmel n temsizzelt imruyen n tmurt-iw yebdan deg waggur n duǧamber 2018 s lmendad n tneɣlaft...
Asmekti n wass n tmettant n Lmuhub Ɛemṛuc
Yettwassen wass n 16 yebrir di tmurt n Lezzayer, s wass n tmussni. Deg umezruy yettwarun, ass-n d ass n tmettant n Ben Badis,...
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I lmend n usmekti n umulli wis 39 ɣef tefsut n yimaziɣen i d-yellan ass n 20 yebrir 1980 akked usmekti s tefsut...
Anyir
Ugur ameqqran di tmetti d lqella n ttṛebga, acku d nettat i d asalas alemmas. Acḥal d yiwen ara tafeḍ yeYra, maca ur tezmireḍ...


text:
Abxazya
Tigduda n Abxazya d tamurt d-yezgan ɣef yiri n Yilel Aberkan.
- Tamanaɣt ines : Suxumi (Sukhumi).
- Tutlayt tunsibt : tabxazit akk d trusit.
- Imezdaɣ : 216 000 (deg useggas 2003)
- Temɣer : 8 432 km2
- Isurdiyen: Rubel arusi.
- Aselway : Sergei Bagapsh.
Abxazya zik tetteki di Suvyat yedduklen. Mi tettwakkes Syvyat yedduklen. Tufa iman-is deg tmurt n Jurjya d acu kan teffeɣ seg-s deg 23 di yulyu 1992 lamaana ulac tamurt yestaarfen s uzarug ines ɣas akken Jurjya ur tettif acemmek deg Abxazya. Di 28 ɣuct 2008 , tafidiralit n Rrus d tamurt tamuzwarut yestaarfen s tmurt n Abxazya.


text:
Le Rifain
Ibelleɛ Sadio Mané x yexf-nnes zegga i yessen belli ilqef-it ubirus n kuruna.
Yusa-dd manaya awarn i tlata n wussan zeggami tenna terfiqt n Liverpool n čamma n uḍar belli Thiago Alcantara ula d netta ilqef-it ubirus.
Tenna terfiqt n Liverpool aqa Sadio Mané banent-idd x-as ttebcayar n kuruna, maca sseḥḥet-nnes aqqa-tt mliḥ.
yirar Sadio Mané (28 n iseggusa) letnayen i yeɛdun di tfust n čamma i di terna terfiqt-nnes s 3-1. Maca wer yirar ca ass n lexmis di tfust i di terna Liverpool s pinaltiyat.
Yenna Mané di leḥsab-nnes di twitter: « Awarn i umi xaf-i dd-rrin, ilqef-ayi nican ubirus n Covid-19. Maca xseɣ a dawem-iniɣ belli aqqa-yi mliḥ, wer din bu ca n lxaṭar ». Yerni Mané yenna di tzemmemt-nnes: « Bac ad tḥawlem x sseḥḥet-nwem d sseḥḥet n wi yellan-nwem, weqqrem iprutukulen n sseḥḥet arendad i ubirus-a ».
Tenna Liverpool deg usit-nnes aqa ad siɣn ttweqqren iprutukulen n sseḥḥet arendad i lehlak n kuruna. Tenna aqa Sadio Mané ad yeqqim yeḥjeb al ɣa yili mliḥ.


text:
Tirza n Mass Ahmed Rachedi, asemtar n Uselway n Tigduda d-yelhan s Yidles d usliẓri, ɣer Usqamu unnig n Timmuzɣa.
Asemtar n Uselway n Tigduda d-yelhan s Yidles d usliẓri, Mass Ahmed Rachedi yexdem ass-a 06 Tuber 2021, yiwet n tirza ɣer Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa.
Mass Ahmed Rachedi, yemmuger-it Umaray Amatu n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa, Mass Si El Hachemi Assad, anda d-tella tegnit ad meslayen ɣef waṭas n temsal yerzan leqdic n Usqamu, ladɣa ahil n usiẓreg, tigawt tadelsant d tẓuri, d usmil n tuggti tantalnt n tmaziɣt deg yeḥricen n uselmed, n taywalt d unadi ussnan.


text:
Tirza n Mass Ahmed Rachedi, asemtar n Uselway n Tigduda d-yelhan s Yidles d usliẓri, ɣer Usqamu unnig n Timmuzɣa.
Asemtar n Uselway n Tigduda d-yelhan s Yidles d usliẓri, Mass Ahmed Rachedi yexdem ass-a 06 Tuber 2021, yiwet n tirza ɣer Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa. Mass Ahmed Rachedi, yemmuger-it…Lire la suite
timlilit n Umaray Amatu n Usqamu unnig n Timmuzɣa akked Uselway n Usanay Aɣelnaw n n Tmetti taɣarimt
Yemmuger ass-a n Arim 05 Tuber 2021, Mass Si El Hachemi Assad, Amaray Amatu n Usqamu unnig n Timmuzɣa, Mass Abderrahmane Hamzaoui, Aselway n Usanay Aɣelnaw n n Tmetti taɣarimt.…Lire la suite
Asqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa d uɣlif n usedwel gemnen ad gen deg ussan d-iteddun yiwet n temlilit n uciwer iwakken ad sqedcen tisuraf d-yewwi ad ad twaxedment ilmend n useǧhed d uressi n uselmed n tmaziɣt ara yeddun d umyader n uwanak.
Ilmend n wayen i yettwazuzren deg yiẓeḍwa inmettiyen ɣef tanaḍt i d-tceyyeɛ teɣlift n usegmi uṭṭun 1394 deg uzemz n 14 deg wayyur-a n ɣuct i d-yewwin ɣef uselmed n…Lire la suite
IWELLIHEN
Ɣer taggara n temlilit tussnant tadelsant d usileɣ n usentel « Lezzayer deg wul »i d-yessuddes Usqamu Unnig n Timmuuzɣad Rradyu Tazzayrit s lmendad n Lwali n Bumerdas, ffɣen-d yemttikkiyen deg…Lire la suite
Timlilit akked uneɣlan n tmerrit d tinḍi n umahil awaclan
Yemlal ass-a uneɣlan n tmerrit d tinḍi n umahil awaclan, Mass Mohamed Ali Boughazi Akked umaray amatu n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa Mass Si El Hachemi Assad. Tagnit ideg meslayen…Lire la suite
Asiggez ɣer teẓrigt tis snat n warraz n uselway n tegduda n tsekla d tutlayt tamaziɣt ad yili seg 27 mayu ar 4 ɣuct 2021.
Asqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa yesselɣay d akken armas n yisutar n uttikki deg teẓrigt tis snat n warraz n uselway n tegduda n tsekla d tutlayt tamaziɣt ad yili seg…Lire la suite
Alɣu
Asqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa, ad yesfugel , am akken yuɣ atnnumi, tafsut imaziɣen, d-yettilin yal 20 yebrir, s lebɣi meqqren d yisseɣ d-nugem ɣur yimenza yezwaren ɣer umennuɣ. d asirem…Lire la suite
Timlilit n imciweṛ
Timlilit n imciweṛ gar umaray amatu n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa d unemhal n tilibizyu tis kuẓ (Tv4). Yemlal ass-a n amhad 08 yebrir 2021 umaray amatu n Usqamu Unnig…Lire la suite
Timlilit ɣef usentel “ Asnefli asnilsan d uzenẓer adelsan s usuɣel seg/ɣer tmaziɣt”
Timlilit ɣef usentel “ Asnefli asnilsan d uzenẓer adelsan s usuɣel seg/ɣer tmaziɣt” Asebɣer n tutlayin yettili-d s ttawil n ussuɣel n tutlayin gar-asent, tutlayt ɣer tayeḍ. Mi ara nessuɣel tutlayt…Lire la suite
Ilmend n umulli wis 90 n unaẓur Muḥemmed Ḥilmi, Asqamu unnig n timuzɣa isaram-as teɣzi n leɛmer
Muḥamed Ḥilmi deg useggas n 1931 deg tama n Uẓeffun, mi yewweḍ 17 iseggasen yudef ɣer unnar n tẓuri s uttikki-ines deg terbaɛt n Upera n Lezzayer yessedday di tallit-nni…Lire la suite
Tajmilt i umussnaw n tesniles amnadi deg tunumastikt Mass Fuḍil Cerigen ass n 17 Furar 2021.
Deg wahil n yirmad-ines i useggas n 2021 yerzan asmil d usekrazal n tutlayt tamaziɣt deg uḥric-ines akadimi ussnan, Asqamu Unnug n Timlmuzɣa, s tilin n Umaray amatu Mass Si…Lire la suite
igmaḍ n warraz n uselway n tegduda n tsekla de tutlayt tamaziɣt
Almend n temdiwelin n Tesqmut n yimeggallan n warraz n uselway n tegduda n tsekla d tutlayt tamaziɣt, iɣef yella d aqerru Mass Youssef NACIB, i yeskeyden 106 n…Lire la suite


text:
Imzerdel
Imzerdel neɣ Aburbu neɣ Taẓleft d tawekka i d-isgensisen taɣsert tis snat deg tɣesrin n tudert n uferṭeṭṭu. Acku mi ara ad yefrurex uferṭeṭṭu seg tmellalt-is tettban-d tkeččawt meẓẓiyen sin akin ad tebdu deg wučči ayen ara ad t-iǧǧen ad yimɣur, maca aglim-is (s tenmegla n yimuddiren niden) ur igemmu ara yid-s sin akin ad iẓeyyer fell-as ayen ara ad idemmren imzerdel i wakken ad t-ikkes mi ara ad ibin ifexsi deg taggara n yixef sin akin ad iffeɣ imzerdel seg yifexsi-nni, w ad ibin uglim amaynu d aleqqaq s ddaw n weglim amzik,maca kra n wussan Kan ad yeqqar ula d aglim-nni amaynu w ad t-ikkes i tikkal niden i wazal n 15 ar 30 n wussan deg yideggan anda yettili weẓɣal. Ma deg yideggan isemmṭen yettɣamay deg tegnit-nni i wazan n sin n iseggasen alamma d 3 n iseggasen sin akin ad yuɣal d aferṭeṭṭu.[1]
Tasuddest[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Gemmu[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Astan[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ẓeṛ daɣen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Imniren[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ Imzerdel tasnanayt، Azemz n unekcum 29 meɣres 2011 Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine


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USAGE DE LA LANGUE KABYLE SUR FACEBOOK : UNE APPROCHE SOCIOLINGUISTIQUE
Date2016-11
Author
MILOUD, Fatiha
KHENDEK, Lila
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
Amlili utlayan yellan yakanger tutlayin n ddunit ur yeqqim ara kan am zik, izger tilisa n tmura s yiles n yemdanen, maca deg wakud n yimir-a yekcem ula d netta deg unegmu s ttawilat n taywelt yexban tansa n faysbuk. Nger tamawt i kra n yinelmaden n ugezdu n tmaziɣt i yessexdamen tansa-agi, seqdacen ugar n tutlayin deg tira-nsen. Akken ad d-nerr tiririt ɣef yisteqsiyen n tmukrist, ad neԑreḍ ad d-nefk kra n turdiwin uqbel ad neg tasleḍt i wammud ara d- iwekkden tiririyin ɣef tmukrist. Izmer ahat inelmaden n ugezdu n tmaziɣt i yettarun deg tansa n faysbuk sexlaḍen gar tutlayt taqbaylit d tutlayt taԑrabt d tutlayt tafrensist. Yezmer ahat sexdamen imerḍilen id-yekkan si tutlayin nniḍen. Ahat ttawin-d yinelmaden n ugezdu n tmaziɣt yettarun deg tansa internet faysbuk awalen imaynuten. akken ad d-nerr ɣef tmukrist n tesleḍt tasnilsit n yinawa deg tansa internet faysbuk nebḍa tazrawt-agi ɣef sin n yiḥricen. Aḥric amenzu yebḍa yebḍa ɣef sin n yixfawen: Ixef amezwaru, d tasnarrayt newwi-d deg-s awal ɣef usentel i d-nefren, ttawilat d ttarrayt n unadi. Ixef wis sin nemmeslay-d ɣef teywelt id- yettilin s ttawil n uselkim d usbadu n wawalen igejdanen. Aḥric wis sin yebḍa yebḍa ɣef sin n yixfawen: Ixef amezwaru, nemmeslay-d deg-s ɣef usbadu n kra n tmiḍranin n umlil n tutlayin. Ixef wis sin deg-s ne#reḍ ad d-nesleḍ n iferdisen n tirawalt. S ukuz n yixfawen-agi i nessaweḍ ad d-nesleḍ kullec ɣef useqdec n tutlayt taqbaylit deg tansa n fasebuk. Taggrayt Deg wamud, nufa-d belli inelmaden n ugezdu n tutlayt n tmaziɣt sexdamen aṭas awalen ireṭṭalen id-yekkan si tutlayt taԑrabt d tefrensist. Sexdamen awalen imaynuten. Nessaweḍ daɣen ad d-nini d akken inelmaden n ugezdu n tutlayt n tmaziɣt sexdamen tutlayt taԑrabt d tutlayt tafrensist. Ur sexdamen aṭas arwas. Inelmaden n ugezdu n tutlayt n tmaziɣt ttarun am wakken i d-seṭqen awalen am wakken daɣen ur ttqadaren ara ilugan n tira n tutlayt n teqbaylit. Inelmaden n ugezdu n tutlayt n tmaziɣt ur semrasen ara asigez.


text:
Si Wikipedia, tasanayt tilellit.
Grand Theft Auto V (i yettwassnen daɣen s talɣa-ya tawezzlant GTA V) d urar anvidyu n tigawin d tedyanin i d-yesnerna ustudyu n Rockstar North i d-yessaẓreg Rockstar Games deg useggas n 2013. GTA V d akemmel n teqsiḍt tasugnant n Grand Theft Auto IV i d-yeffɣen deg 2008, uraren-a i sin yid-nsen ṭṭafaṛen amazrar n wuraren n Grand Theft Auto. D wagi i d urar wis xmesṭac (15) n umazrar n Grand Theft Auto ma nsedda-d deg leḥsab igburen i d-yernan s ufella akked tukkisin n ufus. D GTA V i d urar unṣib wis xemsa (5) n Grand Theft Auto.
Tukkist-a tis xemsa (5) n GTA teḍṛa-d deg temdint tasugnant n Los Santos akked kra n yimukan i s-d-yezzin deg Uwanek asugnan n San Andreas, tamdint-agi n Los Santos d Los Angeles deg tilawt, ma d Awanek n San Andreas d Takalifuṛnit n Wunẓul. Deg uraren n GTA yezrin, tamdint-ayi n Los Santos tedda-d deg Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas (2004) akked urar amezwaru n Grand Theft Auto (1997). Deg wawalen n Rockstar Games deg 2019, "Grand Theft Auto V d urar anvidyu wis sin i imeqqṛen akk gar wuraren at umaḍal yeldin".


text:
S usumer n Uneɣlaf amenzu Mas Zidan At Vlefdel Aselway n Unavad Mas Ferḥat At Sɛid, yesvedd :
- Mas Hamou At-Eli : Aneɣlaf n Usegmi aɣelnaw, Aselmed asdawan d Tegmi.
- Mas Muḥend Belluṣif : Aneɣlaf n Tɣellist (Aseḥbiber) d Tedvelt (Administration).
- Mas Shamy Chemini Lvaz Abranis : Aneɣlaf n Yidles d Tutlayt taqvaylit.
- Mas Anazar Larbi Chabi : Aneɣlaf n Wassaɣen Igraɣlanen.
- Massa Soraya Sough : Taneɣlaft tanesmigelt (Déléguée) ɣer Wassaɣen igraɣlanen.
- Mas Koceila At Seeu : Aneɣlaf n Tdamsa akked Tedrimt.
- Massa Sakina At Sliman : Taneɣlaft n Temsal tizerfanin akked Izerfan n wumdan.
- Mas Amuqran At Ccix : Aneɣlaf n Tezmert akked Twizi.
- Mas Sab Ammar Khodja : Aneɣlaf n Yilmeẓyen akked Waddal.
- Mas Aksel Bellabaci : Amaray n Uwanek yettusteklef s Waddal.
- Mas Velaid Ucaɛlal : Aneɣlaf n Tfellaḥt, Amerraḥ akked Twennaṭ.
- Mas Avdalla At Mhasseid : Aneɣlaf anesmigel ɣer Umerraḥ.
- Mas Tayev Abdelli : Aneɣlaf n Tidaweskinwin (Infrastructures), Isuɣaz (Mines) akked Useqɛed n wakal.
- Mas Vaz At Vrahem : Anemhal n Ugezdu (Département) n Sraves n Isallen akked Taɣwelt (Communication) icudd ɣer Uneɣlaf Amenzu.
- Mas Ḥasan n At Emer Waɛli : Anemhal n Ugezdu n Tuddsa, n Tiddit (Ethique) akked Ussileɣ (Formation) Aserti icudd ɣer Uneɣlaf amenzu.
- Anemhal n Ugezdu n Wassaɣen gar tsuda (instances) n Wegraw, icudd ɣer Uneɣlaf Amenzu. (Ur d-yettwazeggen ara yisem-is ilmend n useḥviver fell-as)
- Imceggeɛ n Tigawt (Action) n Unavad deg Usemmezdi (Coordination) n Utaram. (Ur d-yettwazeggen ara yisem-is ilmend n useḥviver fell-as)
- Imceggeɛ n Tigawt n Unavad deg Usemmezdi n Usamar. (Ur d-yettwazeggen ara yisem-is ilmend n useḥviver fell-as)
- Imceggeɛ n Tigawt n Unavad deg Usemmezdi n Wenẓul. (Ur d-yettwazeggen ara yisem-is ilmend n useḥviver fell-as)
Asveddi unṣiv n Unavad amaynut ad yili ass n 11/11/2017 ɣef 02 n tmeddit.
Aseqqamu n ineɣlafen ad yili di tagara n waggur n nwemveṛ. Di kra n wakud, ad ttwaveggen tsertit tamatut n Unavad zdat imeɣnasen.
Ferhat Mehenni, Aselway n Unavad.
Lɣeṛva, ass n 31/10/2017
—30—
SIWEL 011407 Nov 17 UTC
Annonce de la composition du nouveau Gouvernement provisoire kabyle


text:
Agaman (agṭiṭ)
Agaman (Assaɣ ussnan: Cinclus cinclus) d talmest n yigṭaṭ yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tgamanin. Initen n wafriwen-is gan d imellalen yakk d warasen, ma d tiddi-ines d tin yegdan tiddi n useqsaq.
Talmest-a d tin yettidiren deg yideggan yudsen ɣer yisafen d iɣeẓran deg Uruppa d Asya d Tferka tagafant.
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ini n ugaman iga d aras amsulles yakk d umellal deg yiri-ines yakk d yidmaren-is, ma d iṭarren-is gan d izunɣiden bberbcen s uberkan. Tiddi-ines tettawaṭ ɣer 18 cm.
Tikeli[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ardab[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Učči[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Amyaraw[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Agdef n ugaman yettili zdat n wanan neɣ s agensu n ifexsi n weẓru. Ibennu-t-id s wadal d yiferran n isekla n tayda d tasaft. Sin akin tawtemt tessrusay seg 3 alamma d 6 n tmellalin deg wayyur n meɣres alamma d mayyu


text:
« Essai de traduction en tamazight d’un chapitre (syntaxe) de la thèse de Chaker S. « Les signifiants (unites en inventaire fermé) -morphologie- » et étude lexico-sémantique de la terminologie linguistique »
Date2016-09
Author
AZERADJ, Kahina
AZEM, Fazia
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
Amdan di tudert-is ieered ad iglem s yismawen ayen i s d-yezzin, i wakken ad yemsefham d tmitiyin i yemgarad tutlayt. D ayen i t-yeǧǧan ad d-yerḍel neY ad d-yesnulfu awalen i wakken ad isemi tiYawsiwin ur yelin ara deg tmeti-s. Awalen-agi imaynuten ttwalamen deg unagraw n tesnilest n tmeti-nni. Yal timetti teḥwaj asnerni n tutlayt-is. Tutlayt n tmaziɣt tefreq Yef waṭas n tmura; tidyanin i yeḍran deg umezruy iǧǧa-d amgired gar tantaliyin. Timetti tamaziɣt d tansayt deg timawit, d ayen i tt-yeǧǧan d tagelilt deg umawal, ihi ilaq ad senfek udem atrar i tutlayt-agi daɣen anesnarni amawal-is, ɣef waya-agi ilaq ad nesnerni leqdic n tesniremt i wakken ad dnesufeɣ irman n teɣult amuzzeg. Timetti tamaziYt teẓra d akken teḥwaj ad tsexdem tutlayt-is deg yal aḥric Yef way-agi ilaq ad tuYal Yer tesnulfawalt i yelan d tifrat n lexsas-agi. Tamzikent akked d ufran n usentel: Deg ukatay-agi-nteY newwi-d Yef wayen icuden Yer tesnulfawalt akked tesniremt imi ulac aṭas n unaḍi i d-nufa yettwaxdmen Yef waya-agi, d ayagi i d-aY-yeǧǧan ad d-nexddem tazrawt-agi. Newwi-d anadi n leqdic deg ugemmir n Chaker (S). Un parler Berbère d’Algérie (kabylie) syntaxe, Ed. Université de Prevence, Paris, 1883. Aḥric: (Isnumak (Iferdisen deg usuṭṭun urgel) -TasnalYa-), d tin i d-nssuqel seg tefransist ɣer tmaziɣt, nefka-d daYen tazrawt tamawalant-tasnumkant i yerman i d-nejmee mi id nessuqel aḥric-agi, nefren asentel-agi i wakken ad d-nesken aẓar akked d uzal n tesniremt akked d tesnulfawalt deg tudert n umdan. Tamukrist: - Tasniremt n tutlayt tamaziɣt wissen ma tezmer ad d-tessuqel agemmir n Chaker? - Wissen ma tella tesniremt taseddasant n tamaziɣt i zemren ad tYum timeẓri n taleɣseddast i yessexdems Chaker Salem? - Dacu-ten waẓaren n tesniremt-agi akked d isudaf tsilaɣ-nsen? Di taggara negga tamawt d akken aṭas n tezrawin i yettwaxedmen ɣef tmeti taqbaylit acku ttwarun-t s tutlayt tabaranit, d ayen i-ɣ-yeǧǧan nexdem tassuqilt-agi. Deg tezrawt-agi nefka-d tabadut n tesnulfawalt akked uwalnut, d aYen i wakken ad dnesken leqdic n yiwalnuten-agi deg usnawal d win i-ɣ-d-yesseknen amek ttwalYen, anda i dnufa isudaf n usnulfu i yellan s waṭas s win n usudden n tseddast, akked d imarḍilen gar tantaliyin d ayen i yeǧǧan tutlayt tamaziɣt ad yennrni umawal-is. Deg tsuqilt-agi-nteɣ nemlal-d aṭas n wuguren yeenan ama d taseddast neY d amawal: Uguren n tseddast: - Deg tsuqilt ilaq ad d-nessuqel anamek n tefyirt maci awal ɣer wawal ɣas akken d amahil ussnan. - Taseddast n tutlayt tafransist temgarad ɣef tin n tmaziɣt, acku lebni n tefyirt tafransist tebna: (amgay + amyag + asemmad) ma yella deg tmaziɣt d amyag i d-izeggirin deg tefyirt. - Tikwal yettiweir ad nefhem anamek n tefyirt sumata ladɣa tiɣezfanin, ayen i ɣ-yeǧǧan nbeṭṭu-tent d iḥricen deg tsuqilt. Uguren n umawal: - Llan kra n wawalen n tutlayt tafransist ulac agdazal-nsen deg tutlayt n tmaziɣt. - Tikwal, llan aṭas n yisnumak i yiwen n usnamuk d ayen i-ɣ-yeǧgan nesea ugur deg ufran yiwen seg-sen. - Deg tutlayt tamaziɣt llan yirman ur nesei ara, ɣef waya tikwal neered ad d-nesnulfu s ulugen n tesnalYa n tamziɣt. Deg tezrawt-agi nteɣ tamawalant-tasnumkant nefka-d tibadutin tinaktin n tɣayemt n tesniremt akked d tesnulfawalt daɣen nefka-d tarrayin n tsilaɣ n iwalnuten, anda iferqen ɣef sin n yisirwen: agensan akked d umniriy. Deg yisirew agensan tella deg-s tasnulfawalt n talɣa, tettak lewhi ɣer wayen yeenan talɣa n wawal anda yesea aṭas n wanawen: - Awzal, amedya: A.A. addad amaruz. - Asuddem, amedya: sdukel imesdukel - Tasuddest, amedya: azgenaɣri azgen + aɣri. Deg yisirew agensan: tella daɣen deg-s tasnulfawalt n tesnamekt: Tasnulfawalt n unamek tettak lewhi ɣer usnamek n yisem akked d wayen yeenan asdukkel n unamek amaynut akked d uferdis amawalan i yesean anamek amezwaru yettwassnen deg tutlayt. Tasnulfawalt n unamek tebda ɣef waṭas n yinawen yemgaraden: A) Tagetnamekt, amedya: état taɣara addad B) Aynamek, amedya: akenseɣru. C) Timegdiwt, amedya: aḍfer/ agrawṣil suffixe. Deg yisirew amniriy: Anaf deg-s areḍḍal seg tutlayt ɣer tayeḍ anda yefreq ɣef sin n wanawen: - Areḍḍal amniriy - Areḍḍal gar tantaliyin. Amedya: Takunt yekkad seg tcelḥit “kun”


text:
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L. Lionni s teqbaylit d tunṭict n Nnewal i warrac d tullas-nneY
Nekker-d di tmetti ur d aY-nemli asmi nella meẓẓiyit azal n tidet umedyaz neY anaẓur s umata, daYen tuget deg-neY llan sean yir tamuYli metwal imdanen-agi d wayen qeddcen.
SsarameY adlis-agi d-smuḥeyteY ad asen-yili i warrac yakk d tullas-nneY d tafat akken ad walin inumak n tidet n tsekla neY taẓuri s umata yakk d imeskaren-nsen !
Ihi atan ad awen-zzenzeY adlis-agi à la Muḥya, widak yestufan zemren ma yehwa-yasen ad t-zedmen, ad uqmen adlis s lekwaYeḍ-nni mi ara ten-ssemlilen neY sdukklen, ad ssferḥen yes-s arrac d tullas-nneY.
Azdam yakk d tYuri igerrzen,
Seid At Meemmer
Asabter yellan deffir wa | Asabter n zdat


text:
TAMURT TAQVAYLIT (SIWEL) — Tultya n wannar s yisem urgaz d umeɣnas ameqqran n tmurt Taqvaylit Maeṭub Lwennas, di taddart n Tiɣilt n Mexluf i d-yezgan di tama n Uqvu, dayen i yernan iseɣ d wazal i yimezdaɣ n tama-ayi irefden isem n Maeṭub Lwennas, s yisem-is d azamul n umennuɣ ɣef tlelli d tnekkit n tmurt Taqvaylit d tmazɣa s umata.
Tulya n wannar Maeṭub Lwennas, tella-d s tekkin n yimezdaɣ d yimeɣnasen nniḍen am Ɛevd Slam Ɛevdnur. Rnu ɣur-s, ayen i yernan cvaḥa i tadaynt i d-yellan deg taddart n Tiɣilt n Mexluf, d anayen aqvayli d umaziɣ irefden imezdaɣ s tfenṭaẓit deg umkan n tedyant.
D amedya i tudrin nniḍen n tmurt Taqvaylit ad ḍefrent avrid n taddart n Tiɣilt Mexluf, ad refden izumal n tmurt Taqvaylit deg leqdicat i yecvan wiyi akken ad qqimen deg cfawat yerna ad twaḥrazen i tsuta i d-iteddun.
SIWEL 130920 AVR 21


text:
TAMURT TAQVAYLIT (SIWEL) — Ferḥat Xennic n tama Sedduq di Vgayet, d ameɣnas n ufraniman n tmurt Taqvaylit, ssawlen-as-d ad ieeddi ɣer uxxam n temsulta tamhersant tazzayrit.
Akken i t-yenna Ferḥat di uẓeṭṭa ametti Facebook; mi ieedda ɣer uxxam n temsulta, nnan-as-d atan yettili-d unadi fell-as ɣef temsal yeqqnen ɣer tsertit ladɣa tivedyutin i d-ixeddem deg wannar.
Adavu amesvaṭli yevɣa ad yerr tamurt Taqvaylit ddaw uzaglu n temhersa. Γef waya amussu n ufraniman ad d-iger tiɣri akk i yiqvayliyen ad sezdin iɣallen n tddukli akken ad qareen lḥers, acku taluft-a teena akk iqvayliyen d leenaya n tmurt Taqvaylit. Akken i as-yenna Maeṭub Lwennas: » Win i ak-yennan d acu i d tafat ini-as d iɣallen yedduklen. »
SIWEL 041413 JUI 21


text:
Teẓriḍ a tamɣart, alaḥsab n wayen akka tt-waliɣ, imussuyen-agi, ttnadin ad d-kksen tamurt taqbaylit si lezzayer, ur ttnadin ara ad ssuffɣen lezzayer si tmurt taqbaylit! Dagi yakk i tuḍen icc-is!
Irnaten Murad
Lḥal igerrez di berra ; itran mazal-iten fesren deg igenni, ttraǧun ass ad yali. Ussan n uzemmur weɛren akken i lhan, leɛtab d usemmiḍ ddukkulen ɣas akken yettili yiṭij.
Bu cclaɣem akked Mm uqerdun heggan iman-nsen, kren di tafrara ɣer uzemmur, am nitni am wat taddart. Seg uxxam ffɣen, tikli ddac ddac, tikli n wemɣar, ccɣel n ilemẓi!
Deg ubrid mi teddun ɣer wayla-nnsen ttmeslayen ɣef wayen akka d-yellan d amaynut di tmurt-nnsen, imi abrid d amecwar, amdan ilaq ad yessedhu allaɣ-is.
Ttenṭeq tenna Mm uqerdun i Bu cclaɣem:
– Ay amɣar, teẓriḍ belli yennulfa-d umussu amaynut?!
– Daɣen!
– Ih, bɣan ad aɣ-d-awin lḥuriya!
– Ma am tinna d-tewwi lezzayer, fkiɣ-tt i wubdir!
– Awwah, tagi d lḥuriya n tidet mačči am tinna n lezzayer!
– Ayen ara d-snulfun amussu amaynut imi yella ya kan yiwen?!
– Amezwaru qqaren virṭikal, wis sin-agi uriẓunṭal?!
– D acu-t akka ccɣel-agi n virṭikal/uriẓunṭal?!
– Yiwen meḥsub yettḍebbir kan deg-s yiwen, wayeḍ ad ḍebbren deg-s yakk!
– Acḥal yid-sen ɛni wigi?
– 125 i d-nnan!
– Ay huh, ddeqs yid-sen ihi wigi, at-a-n yeɛmer wegraw!
– Teẓriḍ ay amɣar, lḥuriya d acu yakk d-tessutur!
– Ih a tamɣart, ihi. Iḥeqqa acḥal akkenni n tzemrin yurwen aseggas-agi?
– Yurew uzemmur yellan deg uḥriq ufella, ma yella d winna n wadda acemma kan!
– Wissen lɣella aseggas-agi amek-itt?!
– Ayen ara nečč, ad aɣ-t-id-tefkk!
– Ihi wigi di 125 yid-sen?!
– Akka i d-qqaren!
– I wiyaḍ-nni acḥal yid-sen?
– Ur ẓriɣ ara, cukkeɣ yiwen ur yeẓri acḥal, lḥaṣul mi ara d-ssiwlen ɣer tikli ttassen-d aṭas, d ilulufen, maɛna mi ara yawin yiwen ɣer lḥebs drus kan i d-iteffɣen, yerna ur ttɛeṭṭilen ara ula d wigi ad nnejmaɛen!
– Yak ɣef lḥuriya i ttnaɣen di sin?!
– Akka i d-nnan!
– Yelha a tamɣart, yelha, awi-d ukan! Ahat ula d ahil-nsen kifkif?
– D acu-t wahil-agi ay amɣar !
– D leprugram a tamɣart, d leprugram!
– Ini-d akkenni!
– Ih, cukkeɣ kif kif, akka ttwaliɣ d yiwen nsen! Ala deg uḍebber ideg mxallafen!
– Tewwiḍ-d ifelfel yak, ur t-tettuḍ ara?!
– Wwiɣ-t-id ay amɣar, ur tqelliq ara ɣef ifelfel-inek!
– Teẓriḍ a tamɣart, ḥemmleɣ azemmur ala ɣef wučči di lexla! Timest, iberččečča neɣ “igersalen” akken sen-teqqarem kenwi, aglilez di lqaɛa… d lḥuriya s tidet!
– Aha kan, d aɛebbuḍ-ik ara k-yenɣen!
– Ihi, tura wigi akka ansi d-nnulfan ?!
– Llan zik deg umussu 1, qedcen deg-s aṭas n iseggasen, mbaɛd walan ayen walan, dɣa kkren xelqen-d wayeḍ !
– Llah ibarek a tamɣart, llah ibarek! Awi-d ukan ad aɣ-d-awin lḥuriya, maɛna mačči am tinna n lezzayer!
– Awwah, tinna n lezzayer d isem kan, wammag di tidet ulac !
– Yak imussuyen-agi asmi ara d-awin lḥuriya, d taqbaylit ara rren d lluɣa ufisyal ?!
– Ihi, akka i d-nnan!
– Igerrez a tamɣart, igerrez, awi-d ukan !
– I taɛrabt ad tt-kksen neɣ ala?
– Cukkeɣ ad tt-kksen, imi mačči d tutlayt-nneɣ!
– I ddin, ad ǧǧen kan wagi, neɣ ad d-awi-n wayeḍ?
– Ah! Tamsalt-agi ay amɣar, ḥeqq cclaɣem-ik ma ɛelmeɣ! Sliɣ yiwet n tikkelt akkenni i yiwen seg imḍebbren n umussu 1, yettmeslay ɣef “lislam Kabil!”.
– D acu-t akka ccɣel-agi ?
– Ur ẓriɣ ara, akka kan i as-slan imeẓẓuɣen-iw!
– I umussu 2 d acu d-yenna di temsalt-agi?
– Ur ẓriɣ ara, at-a-n mazal ur d-mmeslayen ara, xebbren-d kan belli xelqen-d amussu amaynut! Maɛna cukkeɣ kifkif-iten, ttwalin belli nettalas di ddin-agi, qqaren d ddin n Ccix Muḥend Ulḥusin!
– Ccix Muḥend Ulḥusin d ineslem neɣ ala?!
– Ih!
– Ihi ddin ara yilin di tmurt-nneɣ, asmi ara ɣ-d-awin lḥuriya imussuyen-agi d ddin n lislam!
– Cukkeɣ akka, ih!
– Ihi lḥuriya-yagi am tinna n lezzayer?!
– Awwah, ur cukkeɣ ara ay amɣar, qqaren lḥuriya-yagi temxallaf, d lḥuriya n tidet!
– Awwah a tamɣart, cukkeɣ lḥuriya-yagi ara d-awin ulac di liḥala-s! ad d-ẓerben tamurt taqbaylit, maɛna tikli am lezzayer ara teddu; ad kksen taɛrabt, ad rren taqbaylit; di llakul n lezzayer sɣarayen benbadis, ma d llakul n teqbaylit ad sseɣren Ccix Muḥend Ulḥusin, nekk a tamɣart ur walaɣ ara acu akka imxallafen!
– Aha ay amɣar, ass-nni ad nwali amek, tura ilaq kan ad neddu yid-sen, ilmeẓyen-agi d-yettnekkaren mačči am nekkni, wigi ssnen, ɣran, fehmen, ssnen azal n lḥuriya!
– Ih a tamɣart, ih!
– Azemmur n tǧaret-nneɣ waqila yurew, sliɣ-as akka i thedder umayna!
– Azemmur d lɣella mačči d lmizan a tamɣart! Am imussuyen-agi!
– Tebdiḍ lehduṛ s lemɛun daɣen! Rnu-d, lemleḥ akked sker ttemcabin, maɛna d lbenna i ten-yessemxallafen!
– Teẓriḍ a tamɣart, alaḥsab n wayen akka tt-waliɣ, imussuyen-agi, ttnadin ad d-kksen tamurt taqbaylit si lezzayer, ur ttnadin ara ad ssuffɣen lezzayer si tmurt taqbaylit! Dagi yakk i tuḍen icc-is!
– At-a-n newweḍ-d ɣer wayla-nneɣ! Aha, ilaq ad d-nessu i tzemmurt-nni tameqrant.
– Ilaq ad necɛel timest uqbel!
…
Irnaten Murad


text:
Montesquieu
Tamuɣli n Montesquieu ɣef udabu
Deg tmuɣli n Montesqiueu, isaḍufen neɣ leqwanen d nutni i yesselḥawen tilufa gar yemdanen, zgan-d sufella n kra yellan. I wakken ad nefhem isaḍufen i d-sersen yemdanen, ilaq ad nerzu ɣer teɣdemt axaṭer dinna i yettbedday lḥedd.
Isaḍufen n yemdanen mgaraden ɣef wid n ugama, ur d-ttnulfan kan akka. Leqwanen i d-sbedden yemdanen, ɣas ur ttemcabin, resen ɣef yiwen n llsas. Wa icudd ɣer gma-s. Asaḍuf yettḍebbir, d netta i d assaɣ gar wid yesmendiwen (wid d-yesnulfayen lqanun) d yineḥkamen. Asaḍuf d aseɣwen i d-yefrurin seg temsal d wamek d-ḍrant, am win yeqqnen Rebbi d yemdanen neɣ win n yemdanen deg aygar-nsen.
Montesqiueu yettwali isaḍufen s wudem n tussna; ur ten-yettmuqul ara mfaraqen, yeqqar iseɣwan i ten-icudden wa ɣer wa. Yettaddam-d lmul ussnan, ad t-yessers syinnakin ɣef yemdanen. Iseɣwan yakk yellan ger leqwanen d nutni i d iman, i d rruḥ n yisaḍufen. Asaḍuf i ten-id-jemmlen yakk d ṣṣwab n wemdan, imi d netta i yettḍebbiren ɣef yemdanen yakk n lqaɛa.
S ttexmam-a, Motesqiueu yeɛreḍ ad d-yesbeggen ṣwab n tmettiyin n medden d yisaḍufen. Timsal n tsertit d taluft n umusnaw; tussna n tsertit ur yezmir yiwen ad tt-iɣer alma yekkes-as lhiba i tidet n ddin.
Asenqed n yinhilen (iduba)
Montesqiueu ur yebni ara ttexmam-is s tsertiyin tiqdimin, dacu kan yugem-d s waṭas seg tfelsafit tasertant n zik imi yeɣra 03 n leṣnaf imeqranen n udabu :
Adabu agdudan :
Deg udabu-a, d agdud neɣ cwiṭ deg-s i iḥekkmen. Deg-s, ad naf sin n leṣnaf: arisṭukraṭ ( adabu n kra) d tugdut (adabu n yakk);
Deg tegduda tagdudant, leḥkem d ayla n wegdud, d acu kan ikennu deg taggara i leqwanen i d-sersen iɛeggalen d-yesbedd. Ɣer Montesquieu yella wemgirred gar tugdut tusridt d tin n yiɛeggalen. Netta yettwali agdud yessefk-as ad iḍebber ɣef kra i yellan gar ifassen-is, ayen i d-yegran d tamsalt n yineɣlafen-is. Tigejdit iɣef yebna udabu-a d ṣwab, lmeɛna-s d sivizm i yettarran amdan yessizwir nnfeɛ n medden yakk d tmurt ɣef nnfeɛ-is netta. Tayri n sɛaya d ayen ur nettumekken deg udabu yecban wa imi d tezdeg i t-yesseddawen. Dacu kan, adabu-a ur yezmir ad d-yili ala deg tmura timecṭuḥin.
Deg tegduda tarisṭukraṭ, anager drus i yeṭṭfen leḥkem. Ṣwab, ɣas d tigejdit daɣen deg ṣenf udabu-a, ur yeǧhid ara imi deg drus n tlufa kan i ikennu i lebɣi n wegdud.
Adabu ageldan :
Yiwen i yettrayin, i ilan leḥkem, d netta kan i yesselḥawen tilufa s lemqadra n leqwanen ibedden. Agellid ur yezmir ara ad yexdem ayen akk i yebɣa, imi tazmert-is tesɛa tilisa. Tilist-is teqqen ɣer tezmert yergazen yesɛan ccan deg tgelda-s, am: Lqaḍi, At ddin d yimeqqranen nniḍen. Tigejdit n udabu-a d iseɣ d wayen i iḥemmlen lɣaci n tgelda. Ageldun ur yezmir ad yessuter deg yemdanen ad xedmen ayen iwumi ur zmiren i wakken ur itekkes ara fell-asen sser.
Adabu n udebbuz :
Yiwen i yettrayin, meɛna mebla tilisa. Yettḍebbir kan akken yebɣa, akken s-d-ddnen uqerruy-is d wul-is. Deg udabu-a, win iḥekmen ur yesɛi d acu ara t-id-iḥebsen neɣ ad s-iḥettmen xerṣum d ayen i iṛeggem neɣ yewɛed. Yezmer ad yefk yak tazmert-is i yineɣlafen-is. Tigejdit n ṣṣenf udabu-a d tegdi, d lxuf.
Yal ṣṣenf n udabu yebna ɣef wedɣaɣ n lmul-tigejdit : d ayen i yessezdayen isaḍufen n kra n udabu. Tijɛelt n udabu tbeddu deg tazwara s tmesɣiwt n tgejdit iɣef yuli udabu-a (amedya : deg tegduda tagdudant, imdanen yeffeɣ-asen ṣwab)
Montesquieu yezzem nezzeh adabu n udebbuz, yewṣef-it am wexxam mebla tiɛerstin. Adabu-a ur yesɛi ara taɣessa tasertant-taɣademt (la lqanun, la aseɣwen ger uneḥkam d yisaḍufen, imi imdanen knan kan ar nnefḥa n uqerruy i ten-iḥekmen). I t-yeččuren d tasusmi kan d tigugemt ideg yeṭṭenṭun lebɣi n yimḍebber, ulac yakk deg-s ayen iwumi qqaren taɣessa timettit. Deg udabu n udebbuz, wid yellan yakk swadda kifkif-iten deg wazal. ɣer Montesqiueu, d aseɛdel ger yemdanen i yesseččayen adabu-a. Acku mi ara ɛedlen yakk yemdanen, tettruḥu-asen tazmert i wakken ad qablen win yuɣalen d Rebbi fell-asen.
Dɣa seddaw n Udabu Aqdim, igelliden ttaɛraḍen ad d-sersen leqwanen wer ma fkan azal i tseddarin n yemdanen (tisegluyin), aya i wakken ad sefḍen icelqem yellan gar medden, ɣilen d ayen fessusen. Montesqiueu iwala-d aseɛdel-a ger medden yettawi ɣer leḥkem udebbuz.
Tifrat ɣer-s d aleggen n lǧehd i yesɛan yemdanen: yessefk lmizan ara yesserkden timetti d wefraq n tzemmar n ddula.
Afraq n tzemmar
Ɣer Montesqiueu, tilelli mačči d timunnent, iswi mačči d tazmert ad yexdem yiwen akken i s-yehwa. Tilelli i nettnadi d tin ara yefken tazmert i wemdan ad yexdem ayen akk i s-yessuref lqanun. D lqanun ihi i d-yessrusun tilisa n tlelli.
Aserrus n yisaḍufen iṛessan ur yettaǧǧa ara adabu i yebnan ɣef tgejdit n tegdi ad d-ilal. Win yettḍebbiren ilaq ad yeknu i yisaḍufen.
Montesqiueu yettwali deg wefraq n tzemmar n ddula yesnernay deg tlelli n yemdanen. S tmuɣli-a, ad naf belli llan sin n leṣnaf n yiduba: adabu ireẓnen (am tugdut d trisṭukraṭit) d win ur nerẓin ara. Anager adabu ireẓnen i izemren ad yeḍmen tilelli n wemdan. Ala s tmendawt iweznen d yisaḍufen i iḍemmnen laman i terwiḥin n yemdanen i s-izemren ad d-ḥellin tilelli-nsen. Ɣer Montsequieu, ilaq tifin n ttawil ara igen tilisa i tezmert n ddula.
Dɣa ɣef wannect-a i d-yettmeslay ɣef wefraq n tzemmar i d-yebder uqbel-is yakan Locke. Aya yekkat i wakken ur tettemttuttul ara tezmert ger ifassen n yiwen n wemdan kan. “Tazmert tḥebbes-d tazmert nniḍen”. Dacu kan, tezmer tmurt ad t-tfeṣṣel aya akken s-yehwa, tezmer ad tesdukkel ger snat n tzemmar deg umedya, neɣ ad tger azeṭṭa ger tzemmar.
Montesquieu yettwali deg Yiman n yisaḍufen 03 tɣawsiwin i yessefken i wefraq n tzemmar. Yeddem-d amedya n Tmendawt taglizit:
Aberlaman: tazmert n usnagal, tira d useɣti n yisaḍufen. Aselway n Unabaḍ: ixeddem s yisaḍufen i d-tessers tezmert tasnagalt. Yecqa-d d tlufa n wezref n yemdanen (tadiplumasit) Taɣdemt: tettḥasab, tḥekkem, tferru iɣeblan d yimenɣiwen ger yemdanen. Telha-d d tlufa yeɛnan azref aɣarim.
Wid d-yusan deg leqrun wis-19 d 20 (Durgit, Carré de Malberg, ..) fehmen s leɣlaḍ afraq n tzemmar i d-yemla Montesquieu. Ɣilen afraq-a n tzemmar yessefk ad yili d ugzim, netta dɣa aya d awezɣi ad d-yili deg tilawt, axaṭer aya ad d-yeglu s uẓerreb, yal tazmert deg tama-s. Ulamek yal tama n ddula ad tesɛu tazmert-is i yiman-is, neɣ ad tili d tilellit s wudem igezmen (yiwet ur tettɛawan tayeḍnin). Aẓerreb-a yeslalay-d yiwen udabu d aɛeẓẓug , d tisselwit d tejmaɛt-is kan i yettrayin (ala adebbuz i izemren ad d-yessufɣen tamurt seg tnexxart-a) neɣ adabu ara yesselḥaw wegraw kan (tisselwit d lexyal ubeɛli kan).
Ur yessefk ara ihi usemnenni n snat n tzemmar ger ifassen n yiwen n wemdan. Asemnenni yezmer ad d-yawi dder, aladɣa mi ara yiwen ad yejmeɛ 03 n lxedmat ɣef tikelt. Meɛna, yelha mi ara yiwen ad d-yeṭṭef cwiṭ deg-sent: amedya, azref n Veto. Aya yessuruf i yal tazmert ad teḥbes tayeḍnin, ad teslek seg lbaṭel-is.
Afran n udabu
Deg tmuɣli n Montesquieu, ulamek yakk ad d-tbedd tugdut tusridt deg tmettiyin-nneɣ tatrarin seddaw n Unabaḍ ageldan, acku wessiɛit nezzeh. Tagduda daɣen ulamek ad d-tili deg ṣṣenf n tmettiyin-a. Yerna, tigejdit iɣef tebna tugdut d ṣṣwab; ṣṣwab deg tmetti tartart ulac-it. Yessefk ihi ad yesseḥseb yiwen i tudert tajdiṭ d-wwin yemdanen n tura ( idrimen rran-ten yal yiwen yettxemmim i yiman-is, awi-d kan ad d-ddren wer ma cqan-d ma telha tudert-nsen neɣ xaṭi). Lmeɛna n zik truḥ, yeǧǧa-tt zman.
S tiṭ n wemdan atrar, Montesquieu yettwali tilelli ur d-tettas ara s uttekki deg udabu d tsertit. Amdan atrar yettwali tilelli mi ara yerwel seg tsertit d mi ara yeɛzel iman-is deg lehmum n wexxam-is.
Deg udabu n udebbuz, imdanen kennun imir-nni. Deg tgelda, kennun s ṭṭul. Tegdi tettili-d deg udabu ideg ur d-tettbin ansi ara d-tas tiyita. Yessefk ihi usbeddi n leqwanen iṣeḥḥan ara isefḍen tegdi, ad d-yawin talwit.
Udem n tsertit yettban-d amek ttqadaren medden isaḍufen ibedden. Ɣer Montesqiueu, ur nkennu ara i lqanun, meɛna nxeddem ayen yessuruf lqanun. Afraq ger tzemmar yezmer ad d-yawi tadukli, i waken wa ur yettali ɣef wa. Deg taggara, lqanun yella-d i waken ad yesḥirbeb amdan, ad t-yesserked.
Ma ɣef yedrimen, Montesquieu yettwali belli d ttawil yelhan i userked d useggem n lemxalṭat ger yemdanen, yettarra-ten wa yettnadi ɣef wayeḍ. S tmuɣli-a, Montesqiueu yesnulfa-d ajdid deg tussna tasertit, imi yessuẓa ar sdat “lmeɛna”.
Smaɛil Abid


text:
Alec Guinness
Alec Guinness (ilul ass n 2 yebrir 1914 di London - yukkes (yemmut) ass n 5 ɣuct 2000 di Sussex tutrimt) d asegbar n Unegliz yewwin usuɣ n imidiwen n yiseɣ d tfesna n umenkud Abṛitan seld n ukala i yebda zik deg tɣult n umezgun, Alec Guinness yettekka deg waṭas n yiswiren n Ealing comedies gar-asen The Ladykillers d usaru n Kind Hearts and Coronets anda yewwi 9 n temlilin (ledwaṛ) s tugniwin yemgaraden deg usaru ayyi. Akken i yemyalel 6 n tikkal d umesnelfay David Lean deg tugna n Herbert Pocket deg usaru n Great Expectations aseggas n 1946, Fagin deg usaru n Oliver Twist (1948), Col Nicholson deg usaru n The Bridge on the River Kwai 1957


text:
(TAMURT) – Yiwet n temddakelt, d tamarut, tenna-yi-d dakken yeshel ad nesnerni ulzuz n udlis amaziɣ, imi neẓra dakken tagnit ur tessefraḥ ara : idlisen ur teddun ara, tiẓrigin ur znuzunt ara, imyura ur rebbḥen ara …
Xuḍi, tella tifrat u yerna teshel maḍi.Ilaq kan ad d-nettaɣ aṭas n yedlisen, daya! Ihi, ass amenzu n yennayer ad rzuɣ ɣer tnedlist, ad d-aɣeɣ yiwen n wedlis n Tmaziɣt. Ma yella ur ufiɣ ara win i bɣiɣ, ad t-ssutreɣ ad yi-t-id-awin, ma ulac, ad t-id-aɣeɣ s talɣa tumḍint, akka.
Deg tidet, d wa i d ixef n wugur, ihi, ilaq ad nesṭuqqet asuter, syin akkin ad nwali agmuḍ…
Llan yimyura fazzen , ttrajun kan ad ten-id-nemlil, imaɣraden iseklanen ideg ur nṛewwu acali, iɣaniben ara aɣ-yessinigen ɣer tirga ur nettfakka, awalen yezzuzunen ara aɣ-yeslemden tudert akken nniḍen… D igerrujen, ilaq kan ad nnadi fell-asen.
Ihi, ma teffeɣ akken i tt-nebɣa aseggas-a, qabel, deg ass amenzu n yennayer (12 janvier), ad d-aɣeɣ SIN yedlisen n Tmaziɣt.
iIli-ken deg ttiɛad! txedmem-d tawlaft i yidlisen i d-tuɣem, tebḍum-tt-id yid-neɣ deg uɣrab n facebook.
Tanemmirt.
Tamurt


text:
Asaflaw n urtan
Asaflaw n urtan neɣ Abazul (Assaɣ ussnan: Sylvia borin) d yiwet n telmest n igṭaṭ igan d ayla n twacult n tberdeffilt yessegdafen (yessefruruxen) deg wamur ameqran n Uruppa d tlemmast n Asya. Afriwen-is ur lin ara (ur sɛin ara) ula d tanmegla neɣ amsekni aneflus, Dɣa asaflaw n urtan iga d tiberdeffelt tamsudemt n tewsit n Sylvia, Yuddes yerna ila iferran d udfar ɣezzifen
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tamuɣlit tuffiɣt
Asaflaw n urtan ila tamuɣlit yuddsen s wassaɣ, Akat-is yettawaṭ ar 14 cm deg teɣzi, d udinan n wafriw ilan seg 7,6 cm ar 8,4 cm, Azuk-is yettili gar n 16 ar 22 g. Maca yezmer ad yaweṭ ar 35,5 ɣer Iylalen yesuddusen (yettheggin) ad inigen, Asaflaw n urtan ila adfar d wafriwen ɣezzifen
Asemyif gar n snat n tdu-lemsin n usaflaw n urtan
Asčewčew
Tilmas yettemcabin


text:
« Tugta n yisenfaren-a deg twaẓit igerzen ideg llan, ladɣa wid ilan iswi n usersi n ukatar azerfan iweqmen i wakken ad nessedu agzum n tɣamsa taliktrunant, aṣeggem n uẓayar n TDA i usenzi n yifarisen ara d-yefk unsa Alcomsat-1, adellel akked usenqed », i d-yesseɣret Mass Belhimer deg yiwet n tdiwennit i iga akked uyalas aɣelnaw El Moudjahid.
Yessgzi-d dakken acanṭi amezwaru n uɣawas-a n tigawt yerza « amtawa-amsegzi agaktan i umahil deg telwit n usadur ara yesduklen tilelli akked urkad », yezzireg-d dakken tissudert n yimidyaten « sɛan azadur n beddu aqader akked snesla n yizalen isegmanen », ma yella d « lkerh, taẓririt, taẓramnaḍt, taẓragzumt, takriḍt akked wakk talɣiwin n usuffeɣ ».
Ma yella d tẓa n « canṭiyen-iḍen » rzan aḍman n uzref n telɣut deg ukatar aẓruggtan, ilem azerfan ideg yella ugzum, ackaḍ n tikkit taggarant ɣer teɣwalt tumḍint, asermed n teɣwalt tasudant, asnerni n uẓeḍwu n telɣut n yijufar i useǧhed n tugdut tattekkant, asmal n telɣut akked tɣara, aselhu n tugna n Lezzayer deg twerda, aglugen n urmud n usenqed n ṛṛay, deg taggara tallalt n yinmalasen akked teẓrigin yemmuzzgen, i la yettqabalen uguren n tiẓraf.
Yemmeslay-d ɣef « tsemmeskelt lqayen » n tɣamsa tanagdudt, yenna-d uneɣlaf dakken deg « Lezzayer tamaynut, ulac amgared gar yimidyaten inegduden akked wid yellan d usligen » i wumi isemma « icriken, deg tuɣdaḍt tucrikt akked wuẓu ugar n tlelli n wawal akked usmal n yizerfan i telɣut ».


text:
D acu i teswa ddunit ?
Mi d-yemdel tawwurt n uxxam, bdan imeṭṭawen tteYlayen-d deg wallen n tmeṭṭut-is, fsusit di tazwara, maca ttnernayen di teqseḥ almi qqlen d acetki :
- Ttxil-k a Nnadir ẓer d acu i txeddmeḍ, ttxil-k uYal di ṛṛay-ik tettuḍ tiktiwin-ayi tiberkanin i d-yeYlin Yef uqerruy-ik…
Maca imeṭṭawen-is d tmeslayin-is nnerfadent deg igenni am tagut n ṣṣbeḥ, Nnadir ur asent-yesli ara. Lḥess-nni i d-eellent tektiwin yennejmaeen deg wallaY-is akked wul-is rrant timedlin fell-as, ur t-ğğint ara ad isel i kra nniḍen.
Ieel tisura deg lğib-is. Tura ad ieeddi Yef wergaz-nni umi yezzenz axxam i wakken ad as-tent-yefk, s yinna ad yeṭṭef abrid-is Yer tmurt akken i as-ieel leḥsab deg tazwara. Akamyun i ieebban lqec n uxxam yezwar, yegra kan ad ilaḥeq netta d tmeṭṭut-is.
Yeldi tawwurt n tkerrust, isers kra n lqec d ameẓẓyan deg-s, umbeed yerkeb, yessekker amutur. Ur yefki ara ula d azgen n tiṭ i tmeṭṭut-is yellan tneggef deg berra. Yezmer ad iruḥ ad tt-yeğğ mebla ma tuqee-as akken i yezzenz axxam-is, yeṭṭaxxer-d deg lxedma-ynes yezmer ad tt-yeğğ ula d nettat. Ula d nettat teẓra annect-a acku yenna-as-d ussan ieeddan:
- tebYiḍ ad tedduḍ, tebYiḍ ad truḥeḍ axxam n baba-m.
D aya kan, ur d-yerna ara awal.
Din-din terkeb. Imeṭṭawen mazal d tiregwa deg udem-is. Imi mazal tessaram ad yuYal deg ṛṛay-is, tenna-as s taYect qerriḥen:
- A Nnadir ad ak-yehdu Rebbi, madam ur ifut ara lḥal, uYal s axxam-ik, uYal Yer lxedma-ynek, tekkseḍ fell-aY lhem-ayi…
Yerfed-d allen-is Yur-s, twala deg-sent tamuYli n win umi iruḥ leeqel, yenna-as:
- D acu i teswa ddunit ?
Deg ussan ieeddan, yal tikelt mi ara testeqsi-t i wacu i yebYa ad yexdem akka, yella yettarra-as-d s tefyirt-ayi: “D acu i teswa ddunit?”. Tugi ad tefhem d acu i t-yuYen. Tenna-as dayen argaz yemxel, yeffeY-it leeqel, neY yella kra n uḥeckul i yečča.
Yiwen wass yenna-as-d d acu i t-yessembawlen, ziY d taluft-nni n tarwa. Tenna-as:
- Tayi d lḥağa n Rebbi, ur nesei d acu ara nexdem. Ilaq amdan ad yeṣber Yef wayen i as-d-yefka Rebbi, d netta i aY-d-yennan yella win umi ara fkeY lwacul yella win umi ara fkeY tiqcicin, yella win umi ur ttakeY ara tarwa.
Maca Nnadir ur as-yesli ara, ula d yimeddukal-is ur asen-yesli ara, nitni daYen eerḍen ad t-sḥebsen, meena yiwen ur yewwiḍ.
Ha-t-an tura iteddu Yer tmurt. Takeṛṛust qrib ad tefferfer deg ubrid ameqqran akken i qrib ad yefferefer uqerruy-is yeččuren d tiktiwin d wul-is yeččuren d iḥulfuyen.
AyYer yexdem annect-a ?
Netta s yiman-is ur yeẓri ara. Ahat d tarewla i yebYa ad yerwel Yef wayen ak i t-id-yesmektayen ? Yezmer lḥal… Yeẓra kan yiwet n lḥağğa : YebYa ad d-yeğğ later deg ddunit-ayi, ur yebYi ara ad yemmet mebla ma yeğğa-d ayen ara d-yesseknen d akken argaz-ayi yella yedder kra n wussan deg lqaea-ayi. Tikti-ayi n lmut tettuYal qerriḥet mi ara yeḥṣu umdan d akken ulac win ara d-yekkren deg umkan-is ma yemmut yeeni yenger…
TezdeY-it tikti-ayi n nnger, tuYal-as d yir targit. D acu ara yexdem iwakken ad tt-yesfeḍ deg wallaY-is?...
Yiwen wass yeqqim isekked yiwen usaru Yef yiwen wergaz yettleqqimen tizemrin, iger-as iYallen i yiwet n tzemmurt yenna-d :
- Nekki tizemrin-ayi Yur-i am warraw-iw, mi ara leqqmeY tazemmurt, ad as-fkeY ak leḥnana i seiY i wakken ad tegmu wa ad teğğuğğeg amzun d yiwen n ueeggal deg twacult-iw…
Waqila d wayi ara yexdem netta daYen, ad yeẓẓu tazemmurt neY ad ileqqem taẓebbujt, akka azekka ma yemmut, mi ara d-eeddin yimdanen Yef tzemmurt-nni ad as-inin “Tayi yeğğa-tt-id Nnadir”.. Akka kan i as-ieel leḥsab.
Iwakken tikti-ayi ad tuYal d tidet, ilaq ad yuYal Yer tmurt, Yer teḥriqt i as-d-yeğğa baba-s. D tayi i d tikti yifen ak tiktiwin ! Akka, ad yeğğ ak lqaea-ayi n « nnger ». Ad yezzenz axxam-is, ad d-iṭṭixxer deg lxedma-ynes, wa ad yettu ak imeddukal yesea dayi. Ad yebdu tudert d tamaynut. Ma yella d tameṭṭut-is ad as-yebru… Ala, tayi ur izemmer ara ad tt-yexdem, tameṭṭut-ayi yufa-tt Yer yidis-is, ur tesmiḥ ara deg-s, amek ara tt-yeğğ netta ?!... Iiih ! Tameṭṭut-is ! TettYiṭi-t mači d kra, limer yufa, ayen ak tettmenni ad as-t-id-isers gar ifassen-is, maca tayi nnig ufus-is, akken tenna nettat : Ur yesei d acu ara yexdem.
Yeqleb Yer tmeṭṭut-is i yellan tsekked Yer ubrid tettxemmim, imeṭṭawen mazal ur kkawen ara deg legdaḥ-is… Yettmektay-d ussan imezwura n zwağ-nsen. D ussan iẓidanen, ččuren d asirem d tmuYli Yer sdat. Yal tameddit mi ara d-yuYal deg lxedma, ad d-qqimen ad ččen imensi, ad as-yeḥku ayen i as-yeḍran deg wass-is, ad teḍs wa ad yeḍs. Llan am ugṭiṭ d tegṭiṭ, ttrağun kan ad yeččar leec s yifrax. Meena ussan eeddan, agguren eeddan, iseggasen eeddan, leec yugi ad yeččar.
Nnadir bdan ttaẓayen fell-as wussan almi i as-truḥ lbenna deg ddunit, kullec yeYli deg ul-is. Ula d tameṭṭut-is i yella ur iṣebber ara fell-as nnig n tmanya n tsaetin, yuYal ur d-yettnejmae ara zik iwakken ur yettmeslay ara yid-s. Ula deg usi ur tt-yeṭṭas ara, ccbaḥa ak i tesea tmeṭṭut-is tuYal ur tesei ara anamek Yur-s.
Mači Yas aya, ayen yellan ak deg ddunit, yuYal ur yesei ara anamek Yur-s : Lxedma, tazmert, axxam, takerrust, tameṭṭut… ayen ak i ttnadin medden deg ddunit. Netta yesea-ten ak meena ur asen-yufi ara lbenna. Nnig wakka, uYalen-as d taekemt tamaẓayt, yebYa ad yerwel fell-asen sadil ad yaf talwit deg tlemmast n lḥif.
Mi yewweḍ Yer tmurt, isers tameṭṭut-nni umi yebḍa wul deg uxxam aqdim i as-d-yeğğa baba-s. S yinna lḥağa tamezwarut i yexdem, iruḥ Yer ssuq yuY-d tagelzimt d tmencart d lmus. Γer uzekka yekker-d zik, isuma Yer teḥriqt n uzemmur…
Yefren-d yiwet n ẓebbujt, ifres-itt, igzem-itt, ileqqem-itt akken ilaq lḥal. Mi ifukk, yeqqim Yef tgecrar-is isekked Yur-s, iḥulfa am wakken d tayi i d lḥağa leali i d-yexdem ak deg ddunit-is. Yerfed allen-is Yer igenni yenna-as : “Deg leenaya-k a Rebbi taYeḍ-iyi afus, temleḍ-iyi abrid n leslak...” .
S yinna, imi yufa d akken mazal lḥal, ieedda Yer tzemrin nniḍen yebda-tent-id deg ṭṭerf yiwet yiwet yettberriz-itent itekkes-asent lYaba, ur tent-ifukk ara almi d tameddit.
Mi yebda yiṭṭij yettizwiY, bdan lexyalat n tzemrin ttikmilen, yeqqim-d deg tizi n teḥriqt yettmuqul deg lxedma-ynes. Iḥulfa s yiwet n tumert d temeqqrant, yeğğa iṭṭij ad d-yessdel Yef udem-is, abeḥri ad yessergagi acekkuḥ-is. Yemdel allen-is, usant-as-d tirga d tibninanin, yeğğa-tent ad zzuznent rruḥ-is, yedda yid-sent almi d taggara…
Maca mi d-yeldi allen-is, tumert-nni tufeg deg igenni amzun ur d-telli ara maḍi. YuYal-d uḥulfu-nni n war anmek, iḥulfa am wakken ayen yexdem neY ayen ixeddem ak ur yesei ara anmek, layas yewweḍ Yer tizi-s .
YuYal yettxemmim: Imi kra ur yesei anamek, imi ara iḥewwes fell-as i wacu? Ass-is ieedda-d akken iwata s tumert d lehna deg ṣṣbeḥ almi d tameddit, yeqqim tura ma yella tuY tzemmurt-nni neY teqqur, wayi mači d aYbel, netta yexdem ayen i fell-as.
Yemmekta-d yiwen yinzi i as-d-teqqar tmeṭṭut-is: “Akken i yella wass, ad t-id-iseeddi umeksa”, teqqar-as-d daYen yiwen wawal n yiwen umusnaw aglizi ur d-yecfi ara Yef yisem-is: “ Lḥif yettas-d asmi ara yeseu umdan lewqet ara t-yeğğen ad yesteqsi iman-is yadṛa yetthenna neY ala…” .
Awwah! Tameṭṭut-ayi i yesea d tuḥdiqt, d tuḥrict, testahal ala lxir. Ilaq ad yuYal Yer wayen ak i yeğğa deg temdint, mači Yef lğal-is netta, Yef lğal-is nettat.
Ilaq ad yeḥbes timmexlelt-ayi n uḥewwes Yef yinumak… Din-din yeqleb Yer tzemmurt-nni i ileqqem yenna-as s leeyaḍ: “Ma d kem tesliḍ: TebYiḍ aY, tebYiḍ qqar!!”.
Daya kan, ur d-yerni ara awal…
Tefreḥ tmeṭṭut-is mači d kra imi d-yuYal Yur-s s ṛṛay-ayi amaynut… Weread i yuli ṣṣbeḥ llan jemeen lqec-nsen ṭṭfen abrid… Lemziyya Nnadir yesea imeddukal ẓẓay ṛṛay-nsen, zemren ad terren Yer lxedma-ynes, ma yella d axxam, yezmer ad d-yaY wayeḍ.
Kra n wussan, tuYal-d tudert-nsen Yer tannumi, ma yella d tazemmurt-nni i ileqqem Nnadir teqqur…
Walid Saḥli
Genzat n It Yeela .