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LeRifain
« Min iceṭṭen x tmessi, tkemmel x-as lemcellfa« . Jjin-t-idd imezwura. Aya x Soulaiman Raissouni xef teḥkem lmeḥkama ass n jjemɛa 9 zi yulyuz 2021, s 5 n isegg°usa n leḥbes, d ɛecra melyun a tt-yewc i wenni i t-yedɛan.
Zegga i yettwaṭṭef Tufiq Buɛecrin i ttuɣa yellan d amɣar n ujurnal « Akhbar al yawm », ass n 23 febrayer 2018, wtin-t s 15 n isegg°usa n lḥebs. awarn-as, d Raissouni i yeṭṭfen asafu n ujurnal-a, yebda yesseggura-t. wer din min yekka, uca a dd-tawed nnubet-nnes ula d netta a t-ssidfen ɣer texxamt, i di ɣa yeqqim kter zeg usegg°as netta ittraja; jjin-t yugel, wer x-as ḥkimen , wer das-ḍliqen ad iraḥ ɣer twacunt-nnes, ar x-as ɣa tebten min x-as dd-ɣeḍlen.
uḍuf-a i das-ggin i Raissouni, jjin-t ittraja, yesɛeddu lḥebs bla ma a x-as ḥekmen, yejja-t a x-as yegg bac ad yekkes x macca, d ij n weklasi n tɣuyyit d ubeddi deg wudem n ḍḍulm. Tikkest-a x macca yebda-as ass n 8 zi may. Kter zi 92 n wussan bla macca, wer telli ca d ij n lḥajet tehwen.
Aṭṭas n tarbiɛin i itterran taynit i wazzerg n tseqqar n yewdan, ttuɣa sskanen s uḍaḍ ɣer ddusi-ya, snekkaran tɣuyyit bac ad yennufsel Raissouni, ad yettwaḍfes manaya, maca ilaɣiten merra ttuɣa leqqan ameẓẓuɣ n uḍerḍur, ini niɣ qim.
Isiɣi uḥebbes n Raissouni, isiɣi ula d netta di tikkest-nnes x macca, alami dewlen aṭṭas n iterrasen d tarbiɛin deg iraqen n wemsawaḍ anamun ḍellqen i ilaɣiten ḥuma ad ḥḍan tudert n Raissounii yegguren ɣer tmenhat.
Yus-dd wass n jjemɛa, Raissouni i ttuɣa yettwaṭṭfen ḥuma a x-as ḥekmen, yeffu-dd wer kid-sen yeḥḍir ca di lmeḥkama! …
Yehwa-dd lexber-a am wajjaj, am rrbu yessiẓeɣ ulawen, am tmessi tessekmeḍ merra wi ttuɣa yeksin amnus n ddusi-ya ideqlen… Maca tessekmeḍ xelli d udem n tseqqar n yewdan di tmurt n Lmuɣrib, udem-a i xef tuli tmelli, yedɛeq, nettegg°ed a dd-yas wass wer deg-s nettif min ɣa neɛqel…
S leḥkam-a, wer yeqqim illa a nini amen nnan lejdud: « min iceṭṭen x tmessi, tkemmel x-as lemcellfa »!


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Lahsen Oulhadj
Igllin n Emmuri Mbaṛk iga ɣ yan inmɣuren n uẓawan n Umaziɣ. Mqqar iga igigil, inker-d ɣ tekrrayt d tekctataft, ifeka as Ṛebbi yat tesfekt bahra ixatern ɣ umnid-ad n umarg, tussena n imassen d yat taqqayt n urɣ. May-ann ad t yuln ay-lliɣ iga tabudert idder nit sul, ur ta akkʷ immut. Ẓer at aɣ ka maydd medden lli t yalan lliɣ ssenen is yafuḍ s tegemmi nnes iggʷran.
Zund akkʷ tarwa n tasskt nnes lli ka ittesisn s usnflul, Emmuri iga ɣ yan lli d-yiwin amaynu lliɣ isbedd nettan d kra ismunen nnes, tarabbut lli bahra ittubdarn : Usman. Waxxa tekka unckk lli tekkan usman lli s as inna walli t innan, anza nnes ɣ uẓawan nneɣ iggut bahra ! S yan wawal yaḍn, tesker yat tegrawla mqqurn lli ilan yat teɣlaɣalt nn-itteggern i tuggugt.
Maxx lli tebedd terabbut-ad ? Ad ur nettu hati iggutn iɣnan lli iran ɣik-ann. Slawattinn ɣ isggʷasen-ann n 70 lliɣ sul tefeka i Ibɛtiyen d Iɛrubiyen lli ur innan ad ka kḍun i Umaziɣ imil ad t ttannayn isker yat tewwuri ilan aswir amaḍlan. Willi ddernin tiwut-ann, hati illa ɣ iguyya nnesen amjiggaṛ iqqurn lli illan ger Nass-Lɣiwan d Usman. Yan nnesen ur ar itteḥidi yan ad ttinin inagan n ɣ akud-ann.
Lliɣ yad tebḍa terabbut, izzugʷaz igllin n Emmuri ɣ uɣaras nnes d ixf nnes. Macc ur jju nn-yaggug f temagit n uẓawan nnes lli s ttusan dar imiriten d imssfliden nnes. Ad ka igger i tedinant nnes ar tessent is d nettan ay-ann. Tiɣawsiwin lli f a isawal gant bedda tamagit Tamaziɣt, tayri, tarwa d immurkisen yaḍn n tudert.
Waxxa iggʷez Emmuri akal, tallɣatin lli d-ifel ur sar tent sis ttun medden. Rad bedda iɣama ɣ iguyya nnesen ar t id kʷttin. Zund akkʷ inaẓuṛen iqqburen lliɣ rad nebder Hajj Belɛid, Anccad, Janti d wiyyaḍ d wiyyaḍ. Yah, ur d felen ayda ura igʷmma ura ibgrʷmma, macc felen-d amarg d iwaliwen ur ittemtatn. Ɣay-ann af rad bedda neg Emmuri ɣ tiṭṭt mqqurn, acku is imqqur, tesssimɣurt taysi nnes. Amsifaḍ a anmɣur ger ismɣuren!

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Niels Bohr
Niels Bohr d amussnagamaw (physicien) adanmarki, ittwassen ɣef leqdic-is di tussnagama tanaɛurt (nucléaire) d ubelkim (atome).
Ilul di Copenhague, tamaneɣt n tmurt n Danmark. Baba-s d afiziulug (physiologue). Niels Bohr, ikcem ɣer yesnidi (laboratoire) n Rutherford (iqdec yid-s) di Manchester.
Deg usseggwas 1911, Bohr ikfa almud ines di tesdawit n Copenhague, yeffeɣ-d s Doctorat.
Deg usseggwas 1922, Bohr yuɣ arraz Nobel ɣef tiẓiri ɣef temṣukt (structure) tabelkamit (La théorie de Bohr sur la structure atomique). Tiẓri d-iffɣen gar usseggwas 1913 d usseggwas 1914. Bohr, iḍfer leqdic I d-yeǧǧa Rutherford (1871-1937), I d-innan abelkim yebna ɣef yiɣes I ɣef tezzin iliktrunen.
Tiẓri n Bohr, d aseɣwen n tiẓri takantikt d tiẓri n Planck (assaɣ gar lqedd n ukantum (quantum) d usnagar n uzenzar) : abelkim ur yesɛi ara azenzar alikrumagniti, anagar ma illa aliktrun ibeddel aswir akanti. Lebbni-ya idegger ar sdat s waṭas tussnagama n ubelkim s wayen akw is d-ewwi d amaynut.
Deg usseggwas n 1916, Bohr iqdec d asalmad amussnagamaw di tesdawit n Copenhague. Deg usseggwas 1920, yuɣal d anemhal n Institut de physique théorique di tesdawit.
Deg ttrad amaḍal wis-sin, Bohr irwel ar Marikan, ikki di leqdic n lbumba tabelkamit, Projet Manhattan deg Los Alamos di New Mexico.
Mi ikfa ttrad, Bohr yuɣal d azamul mgal ttrad abelkami : Abelkim I Talzit (Atoms for peace).


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« afriwen n tfawt » d amud d amaynu, yemmerni-dd ɣer tsedlest tamaziɣt deg usegg°as n 2020. Yerbu 50 n tqessisin, urant s yij n usekkil, asekkil n tlatinit.
A nessenta zeg wezwel ( le titre) n wamud « afriwen n tfawt », nettaf ɣer-neɣ aṭṭas n yezwilen ɣer-sen rrimet d ijt akked wezwel-a, ksin tanzeɣt ( la préposition)   amecnaw: « Reewin n tayri », « fad n wesɣad » n Karim Kennuf, « Ajḍiḍ n ucal » n Saeid Lbuseklawi, « Lall n tidet » n « Meryem Meryami »… Ujar i manaya, nettaf ij n wamud yeksi ula d taguri tamezwarut d ijt « afriwen ». amud-a n wezlawi » Najib zzuhri » qqaren as: « afriwen n useggʷas ». azwel-a nettaf ɣer-s ij n tɣuni d tameqqrant akked tewlaft i das-yegga Ɛali Busettati, s uya, danita tfawt yexs a zay-s yini wezlawi tira, di tewlaft-a nettwala adlis ṭṭawent zay-s tefray ggint afriwen.
Yenna wezlawi ij n wawal deg yij n weḍris (texte) i yellan nzemmer a t-neḥseb d tamessizwarut wiss sin « awal yeṭṭaw, tira ttɣimant » yellan d awal n arruman, d ij n wawal iqad, deg uraq-nnes ixess a t-neḍfer, minzi d amxumbel d ameqqran mala ɣer-neɣ imaruten ttarin maca wer ssufuɣen bu tira-nsen. S umedya « Ɛumar Bumeẓẓuɣ » uḍarebbi yura di qae inawen n tsekla ( asefru, ungal, amezgun…, isem-nnes ssnen-t aṭṭas n imedyazen d iselmaden d iseklanen… maca ead wer dd-immerni ɣer tsedlest. Manaya wer yessefriḥ ca d ij n txessart d tameqqrant i tsekla d tutlayt tamaziɣt mala qqimen ammu wer dd-ssufɣen ca, minzi tamaziɣt d tira i teḥdaj, zay-sent i ɣa tili, i ɣa tedder, i ɣa tiriw…
Tameslayt i yessefriḥen aṭṭas deg wamud-a, d asegged n tira minzi azlawi isegged nnit tira-nnes s iluganen ( les régles ) mseqqem, nettaf ɣer-s ca n yezgilen udrusen ( les fautes) deg waddad ilelli d waddad amaruz ( l’état libre et d’annixion), netta wer yeɣri bu tiɣuriwin timaziɣin di tesdawit, maca yeksi amnus i tmaziɣt, s uya ittari s tmaziɣt yif zeg waṭṭas ɣrin tamaziɣt di tesdawit. d ta d tawuri i ixessen ad yilin i wenni yeksin udem n umeɣnas. Maca amxumbel ameqqran ɣer-s nettaf deg yeyyer n tira d amḥas ( la ponctuation), wer t-yeggi ca, mbla amḥas waxxa d tira recment x tefray wer nzemmer a x-asent nini d tira, ttɣimant d awal, nzemmer a nini aqa azlawi wer yuri ca, yessawal waha! deg yeyyer-a n wemḥas nettaf amxumbel d ameqqran deg yedlisen n usefru arifi, minzi mkulha mamec t-yesrusa, nemxellaf day-s, maca a t-negg waxxa s wemxellaf, yif zi mala wer t-neggi, s uya d amxellaf i dd-ɣa-yejjen tamunit.
Azlawi yiwey-d ca n tmeslayin d timaynutin wer kid-sent nennum ca deg usefru arifi amecnaw: asnewjew n ifiluzufen (suqrat, dikart), eawed nettaf ca n tqessisin d timaynutin amecnaw « aɣerḍa » ujar umi day-s dd-yidar « Tum d djiri » amen nettaf tanya taqessist « tazzect » di yessawal xef wejḍiḍ, d tqessist »tisit » di yeqqar:
( xzareɣ di tisit
ufiɣ ixef inu wsareɣ,
ggiɣ fus xef uɣembub,
ufiɣ t ead d areqqaɣ. )
Amen nettaf eawed « tazitunt », « Mucc d wejḍid »… , izwilen-a d ij n tmerniwt d lemmliḥ, d tanurẓemt n tebridt i imeɣra i ittarin ḥuma ad xerrsen deg weklasi-ya n tira. nettaf ɣer wezlawi tanustaljit i yellan ɣer wṭṭas n imariten deg umaḍal amecnaw min nettaf di tqessist n « ddcar inu » i yessawalen x tmagit iweḍḍren manaya aqqa-t ɣer waṭṭas zeg yezlawiyen n Arif, ittidar day-s ismawen n imukan n tmurt ( Ibedduren, Selwan, Azɣenɣan…) nettaf-it ula ɣer » Saeid Lbuseklawi » di tqessist » tamurt n yakuc » zeg wedlis » ajḍiḍ n ucal » ittidar-dd di tqessist-a, imukan-a ( Ifarni, Iyarmawas, Imimunen, Tafersit, Bueeyyac, Aearwi…) taqessit-a n « tamurt n yakuc » d tazegrart ujar zi tqessist n « ddcar inu » ittidar day-s wezlawi aṭṭas n imukan, manaya aqqa-t eawed ɣer « Musṭafa Buḥlasa » taqessist i tɣennej tseḍma n ( ayyawen) « tamurt-inu » nettaf day-s ( Imzuren, Buyafar, Miḍar…) manaya ixes ad yini amnus n umaziɣ d ijjen, yexs ad yini « Muḥemmed Ineisa » wer yeffiɣ ca zeg uxarres n imezwura, ittɣima ɣer-sen yeqqen. eawed manaya ittas-dd s teɣri d tmesla n iɣennijen, nzemmer a x-as nini d agam. yugem-dd zay-sen. azlawi ineisa wer x-as dd-yusi ca umedya-nni ɣer-neɣ di tussna n Arif, amedya yeqqaren:   s uya di tqessist-a n « ddcar-inu » yessirar day-s imedyazen, iqqar deg yezli:
iḥramen x sellaḥ,
i wɣennij tteslan,
tisfifin n lwalid d eellal d yetran.
Manaya d asemɣar, d tamewciwt n wazal i ymedyazen-nneɣ, izli-ya ineddeh-aneɣ ɣer yij n uɣennij n lmerḥum « Racid Nnaḍuri », qqaren as: « ɣennej lalla buya » ismeqqara zi tẓuri tamezdagt amecnaw: » Xalid Izri » d tseḍma n Ireyzam d yinniḍen…eawed di tqessist-a ta, day-s ismawen ttjerran-aneɣ ɣer tira n lmerhum azlawi « ḥmed zeyyani » s uya ɣer-s i nettaf ( nunja, rqiyya). ij n tqessist nneɣni tessakkʷaḍ-aneɣ ɣer yij n tqessist n wezlawi « saeid lmusawi », taqessist » iɣẓar n letnayen » lmusawi yegga-s: « iɣeẓran n arif ».
Azlawi walli bu ɣir isserzef-dd ifiluzufeyyen waha, nettaf ɣer-s ula d axarres d afiluzuf am min nettaf di tqessist « abrid n tfawt » mani ittwala laxert tettawi ɣer tudert. » abrid n tesɣart ittawi ɣer laxert, abrid n laxert ittawi ɣer tudert » izli-ya mala yesla-s yijjen wer yessin deg usefru niɣ di tfiluzuft ad yini: min yeqqar wa ? mamec tegga laxert i yettawyen ɣer tudert ? ddeg-a n tira eawed sbanant-idd amari d ameɣnas irezzun tasɣart-nnes, ameɣnas n tidet ittwala laxert x tesɣart d rrbeḥ niɣ d awaḍ. issexdam aṭṭas iwalen aqqa-ten ɣer-neɣ di tussna-nneɣ tarifit, awenni ursil (expression figée), di tqessist « Xdem ccɣel-nnec » sin n yiwalen neqqar-iten isaqar-dd zay-s izli:
Wer ttidfen ɣer yenjan jer yiccar d weksum,
wer ttidfen ca yizan xmi yeqqen uqemmum
Di tqessist « armad » nettaf « aḍar wer ilemmed illa s inedrifen », di tqessist « Imfawiyen » nettaf ij n wawal issenfel day-s cwayt ḥuma a zay-s yawi izli, di tussna neqqar-as:   azlawi yenna: « Lqendil yesskan tfawt maca yeqqim d ayujil ». nettaf-it eawed itteqqen ula ɣer tḥuja n wamiwa ( l’oralité), mani yeqqar di tmedyazt » kulci ifessi: « sefses alli-nnec, egg min yegga yensi » ineddeh-aneɣ ɣer tḥajit n yensi d wuccen umi udfen ɣer tebḥirt, uca uccen yeqqim ittett waha, insi issexdem tiɣit, ittett ittqellab ḥuma a das-yeedel ad yeffeɣ zi tebḥirt-nni.
Lmizan n   nettaf-it yerẓa-t, wer x-as yebni ca taqessist-nnes, tameɣruḍt yellan deg yezlan d timesseḍfert ( a, a, a) nettaf-itt ɣer-s, di ca n tqessisin, nettaf ɣer-s tameɣrut n ugensu niɣ n daxel (interne),niɣ nzemmer a das-nini yura s rrimet n (a,b/ a,b) s umedya (example) taqessist » tazzla n tfawt », » tameɣrut-nnes d (an), day-s tameɣrut nniḍen (uct). truḥ amenni al ameggar (an), (uct)… manaya wer t-nettif ca ɣer merra izlawiyen, tabridt-a d tamaynut teqqen ɣer min yellan d atrar (modernité) aqqa-tt ɣer » kennuf » aṭṭas, aweren-as « bilal weelas ». ca n twalatin nettaca zi tqessist n wezlawi tuzeɣ, tefsus aṭṭas, wer day-s ca tamessefrut ( la poéticité), nettaca zzay-s d awal waha zi ssawalen merra yewdan, amecnaw taqessist » abeddel d ubehdel » Waxxa issexdem day-s aṭṭas n tmeɣrutin d yiwalen mserwasen wer daneɣ-dd-ileqqi wallaɣ d tewlafin. mala nessiwel x umawal, yura t s minzi ɣa gzun merra yewdan, s tirifit, wer yessexdem ca amawal atrar ɣir ca n yiwalen safi udfen-dd am ( tilelli, amezruy). yessexdem ca n yiwalen d iqburen weḍḍren ( inguren, tmasext, yarden, icendriren, isran, ukkan, acfir, …)
ij n tannayt ( remarque) nniḍen d tameẓẓyant, zay-s i ɣa nenfafar, mamec yeqqar wezlawi belli tiqessisin-a deg wamud-a walli alami d ass-a i tent-yura, issenta tira zeg iseggʷusa n tteseinat, meelik ttuɣa mkul taqessist yegga adu-nnes amezruy melmi tent-yura d mani ili yif s waṭṭas minzi tira s umezruy-nsent tettili ɣer-sent ij n tcuni nniḍen, ittili ɣer-sent wazal ( valeur) d ameqqran.
Γer umeggar nessitim zeg umari « Ineisa » a dd-yessufeɣ merra min ɣer-s d tira, ad yeswiẓẓeḍ ɣer qee inawen n tsekla ( les genres littéraires) maɣar lla? nessitim a dd-yerni amuden nneɣni, ɣir ixess jar wamud d wamud a naca s usurif nneɣni, s wesneflul d amaynu x umezwar, d ixarrisen nneɣni…
Halim El Madani


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Mohend Belkacem, d aɛeggal deg tesmilt n uheggi n umawal n tedbelt. Nesteqsa-t ɣef ubaɣur ara d-yernu usmuzzeɣ n twennaḍt tadeblant, yenna-d :
Taseqqamut n uheggi n umawal adeblan, tetthiggi-d leqdic n usmuzzeɣ deg twennaḍt tadeblant. Maca, aya ad iḥaz daɣen tawennaḍt di beṛṛa am yigalisen i irefden ismawen n tedbelt. D ayen ara imudden tallelt i tutlayt akken ad tazzel gar medden ama deg uxeddim neɣ gar yimdanen ticki qqaren-d ismawen n yigalisen i yersen sdat n tuddsiwin, tikebbaniyin, ixxamen n yilmeẓyen, n yidles, inarayen, neɣ imeẓla…atg, ara naf deg yimeḍqan-a. Tamsal n usmuzzeɣ mačči d ayen fessusen imi tcudd aṭas ɣer taɣult n tesnawalt. Anadi neɣ asnulfu n wawalen ɣur-s ilugan-is. Ɣef waya, i tessawel tesqamut-a i yimussnawen d yiselmaden n tmaziɣt. Leqdic ilaq ad d-yeffeɣ seg unnar n timuɣnest ɣer unnar n tussna.
Si tama-nniḍen, axeddim-a ad d-yeglu s kra n ubaɣur meqqren i leqdic-nniḍen ara iḍerrun akka tura deg umaḍal umḍin. Tirebbaɛ n usideg i yekkren i tmerna n teqbaylit ɣer tkarḍa tamaḍalant tillellit(cartographie mondiale libre) OpenStreetMap, ad izmiren ad sqedcen awalen-a ɣer tama n yismawen n tuddar, isaffen, iberdan,…akken azekka ad naf taqbaylit deg wallalen am GPS, ladɣa akka tura imi yezmer kra n wagguren d asawen, ad nernu daɣen taɣect taqbayit. Ittusemma, amdan ad yizmir ad isexdem GPS s teqbaylit xersum di tazwara di tmurt n Leqbayel. Ass-a, tuget n yimdanen, seqdacen allalen atraren i yesseqdacen titiknulujiyin timaynutin am uselkim (Ordinateurs), tiliɣriyin tuḥricin (Téléphone intelligents), tifelwiyin n uselkem (tablettes)…atg. Allalen-a, mazal ur tefti ara deg-sen aṭas teqbaylit. Imdanen, ticki seqdacen allalen-a, ttafen deg-sen tutlayin tibeṛṛaniyin. D ayen ara d-yawin lmaḍerra meqqren i teqbaylit labeɛda i warrac ara d-yettenkkaren.
Ɣef waya, acḥal d tikkelt ara d-neggar tiɣri i yimdanen akken ad suzuren s ṭaqa axeddim-nsen deg Internet, ad d-beṭṭun tiktiwin d tmussniwin-nsen i yilmeẓyen ara iqeddcen deg unnar n usideg n yifecka (localisation des outils) neɣ deg unnar n usemsel awurman n tutlayt (traitement automatique des langues). Sin-a n yiḥricen ineggura, ad ǧǧen i yimdanen ad sqedcen imeẓla (service) ama deg uselkim neɣ deg Internet s tutlayt-nsen tayemmat war ma terra-ten tmara ad smersen tutlayin tibeṛṛaniyin. Deg taggara, ad snemmreɣ Aɣmis n Yimaziɣen i yettilin yal tikkelt deg unnar akken ad d-yawi isallen i icudden ɣer leqdic yezdin i tutlayt taqbaylit. Ad snemmreɣ daɣen Mass Rabia Farid i yellan ɣef uqerru n tseqqamutt n usmuzzeɣ n twennaḍt tadeblant deg ugezdu n Tizi Uzzu, imi i aɣ-d-yefka tagnit akken ad d-nmudd ayen nessen, neɣ ad d-nerfed tamussni seg yimussnawen yellan deg unnar-a. Nessaram ad d-ḍerrunt temliliyin am tigi s waṭas.
Hocine Moula


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Ttaman n yinirji igeɛɛed aṭṭas, ittwadha ammu i ɣa isiɣi lḥal. Merra min ɣa tegged, d ḥettu n uɣastar n yinirji. Inspiktur itticc 3 n nassiḥat i zi ɣa tesxinktared 350 uru di faktura n yinirji.
Ddenya ayenni tewweḍ tettgenfa zi pandimi n kuruna. Manaya d rexbar d asebḥan, maca ra d tutra n yinirji igeɛɛed. Di lweqt d icten askan (l’offre) n yinirji wer igeɛɛed ca. S uya ttaman ulyen ɣar ujenna, jerkṭer umi ggur a dd-txec tajrest. Manaya ijja ad imsar ijjen umḥizwar d ameqqran x kuntra n yinirji tasebḥant qaɛɛa.
Inspiktur iɛlem x manaya ca n yimalasen (simanat) zeg wami: inna inirji ad yerni di liɣla. Lux yuɛar lḥal mala trezzud a tbeddred zi ccaraka n yinirji. Minzi ttaman isebḥanen aɛlayn wer ten-ttifed. Maca labud ixssa aterras ad isemqawar kunṭra-nnes aked kuntrat n carakat-nneɣni ḥuma ad issen ma din ca ḥsen zi min ɣar-s, maca arrxa wer t-ttifed mani. Mala ɣar-k kuntra fix, ejj amenni ḥsen, minzi wer tzemmared a tettafed mana xyar. Ḥda melmi tkemel waha.
Hi mamec ɣa negg a nsxinktar? Ittxessa a nelmed a nesxinktar deg uɣastar n yinirji. Asxinktar deg yinirji d ijjen uxarres d asebḥan i merra iwdan. Minzi merra min wer tɣastared, wer txellised. S uya ittic inspiktur 3 n nassiḥat i zi ɣa tesxinktared 350 uru di faktura n yinirji mkul assegas. Leḥsab-a i ked zi CREG. CREG d Akumisiyun (tayemmunt) i ttariglin agaz d ttrisinti di Biljik, netta i illan d aɛessas x yinirji.
Tamsizeɣt sexdam-itt drust waha
Tamsizeɣt d ijjen macina talikrunit i isenqassen aṭṭas n lxedmet di taddart, maca zi macinat ittɣastaren aṭṭas qaɛɛa. Ayel arruḍ x ca n sslek niɣ ufilu, tamsizeɣt wer t-sxeddam ca aṭṭas. Ḥa manaya tzemmered a zag-s tesxinktared 90 uru mkul assegas.
Ssexsay sufaj cway zik
Sufaj nesruɣa-t ca n 8 n tseɛɛatin deg wass. Sexsay sufaj ɣar tmeddit ijjen tseɛɛat zzat xef lweqt i di tesexsayed ssufaj rebda. Lmital: wenni i innumen isexsay sufaj ɣar 21h n tmeddit, a t-issexsi ɣar 20h. Mala teggid manaya di rechurat isemḍen aṭṭas qaɛɛa, tzemmerd a tessneqsed 200 uru di faktura n yinirji mkul assegas.
Ḥda aɣastar innufaren
Manaya urid d asxinktar ameqqran, maca istahella aqabel. Macinat tiliktruniyin am triviziunat d kumpyutrat ig ixesyent, maca i ɣar illa kabli ɛad di lepriz tɣasṭarent drust n trsinti. S uyenni aterras ixssa ad yekkes kabli zi lapriz xminni wer issexdim macinat-a. Manaya ɛawed izemmer ad isenqes ar 75 uru zi faktura mkul assegas.


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Asteqsi-agi icud ɣer umezruy unṣib i yersen s iduba d imagrayen d-yellan si zik. Am akken timura d yegduden n wanẓul, ladɣa timnaḍin n usamar d tid n tefriqt ugafa d sseḥra, nutenti teddunt s ddeyyana tineslemt, mada gella d tid n ugafa d utaram s umata, nutenti ad ilint kan d timasiḥiyin. Yella-d wudem-agi n tmuɣli am akken s wakka i tetteddu dunnit.
Yal lǧens s ddin-is !
Nezmer a d-nini, d ttagi i d sebba armi, mara nsel i yemdanen deg umeday, ad ilin d izayriyen neɣ d iɛraben, umnen s Lmasiḥ, tetteṭfaɣ lwehma. Axaṭeṛ, nuɣ tanumi nsel, yal agdud, yal tamurt s ddin-is. Akka i tefra si zik. Aṛumi d amasiḥi, ma d amazigh, neɣ albaɛd si tmura n waɛraben, n wanzul, netta ad yili kan d ineslem. Tegzem, tefra. Yal wa ad yaɣ amkan-is, yal wa s ddin-is. Ansi i d-yekka waya?
Yewwi-d lḥal a nefṛez d acu i d lsas d yeswi n yal liman. Neɣ ayen icudden ɣer ddin. Amezruy yebna s tikli n yegduden d iduba, si zik. Tuggett n tmura sbeddent azalen n leḥkem d ttmeṭti ɣef lsas n ddin. Degmi i ɣ-d-yeqqim ar ass-a weɛzal-agi ger leǧnas, d aɛzal yebnan ɣef lumur n ddin, s umata.
Nwala daɣen amek kra n tmura, ger-asent tid i wumi neqqar timura titrarin, nutenti sbeddent deg iṣuḍaf-nsent talakt. Anamek n talakt, d beṭṭu-nni yellan ger wayen yeɛnan tasertit, d wayen yeɛnan lumur n ddin. Ama d tasertit ama d taɣuri, deg-sent azal n talakt. Aṭas si tmura-agi ass-agi, teddunt kan s tsertit n udabu-nsent, mačči s ddin. Imezdaɣ n tmura-agi, ɣur-sen tilelli ad amnen s ddin ara xtiren, neɣ ur ttamnen ara. Imi tinettit n tmura-agi mačči d tin yebnan ɣef temsal n ddin.
Leslak yettunefk-d i talsa meṛṛa, i yal lǧens !
Ihi, tamsalt n liman di Ṛebbi, di Lmasiḥ, mačči d tin arra ncud ɣer iṛumyen neɣ ɣer kra n wazal nniḍen. Lmasiḥ s yiman-is illul-d si tmurt n Faleṣtin! Di Bitlḥem ! Aselmed-ines yettawi-d ɣef liman di Ṛebbi, d ubeddel n tudert. Ur yessawal ara i wesbeddi n kra n ddin neɣ n yidles. Lmasiḥ yusa-d ɣer leslak n yemdanen akken bɣun ilin, si yal lǧens si yal tasuta. Ulac lxilaf ger yemdanen zdat Lmasiḥ. S kra n win yumnen yis ad ittusellek s liman.
Liman di Lmasiḥ d azal ur nesɛi ara tilisa ger yegduden d idelsan. Iɛuhed Ṛebbi ad isellek imdanen si yal lǧens, si yal tutlayt, si yal adrum n dunnit. Lmasiḥ yusa-d ɣer yemdanen n dunnit meṛṛa. Talsa meṛṛa, si Adem aked Ḥewwa, teɣli di ddnub. D wagi i d aɣbel n dunnit. D ddnub i d aɣbel n yal amdan. Lmasiḥ d izimer-nni i d yefka Yillu d asfel ɣef ddnub n yemdanen. S idammen-is yeṣfan ad yessired yal ddnub i yal amdan. D wagi i d azal n tidett n liman. D azal icudden srid ɣer Yillu.
Liman amasiḥi, mačči d liman n iṛumyen kan, neɣ n kra n lǧens kan. D liman s leslak, s lemɛahda n Ṛebbi i yal amdan.


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Lerifain: Tibratin
Iwdan i yudsen Yer ujellid n Useppanyu (mmi-s n Juan Carlos) ugin ad inin manis i yekka Carlos zi i yeelem x wufuY-nnes zeg Useppanyu. Aṭṭas, qqaren x-as yerwel ɣer tjumhurit n Dduminik.
Leqser n Useppanyu, yemla-dd ijj n tebrat yura-tt Juan Carlos i mmi-s, Philipe VI, i di yeqqar: ixes ad iffeɣ tamurt maḥend ad yejj mmi-s ad idebber i yexf-nnes. Zi yebda ad yeḥkem Philipe VI deg 2014 netta irezzu ad issettu iseppunya di txeddimin n baba-s.
Deg 2014, d rrecwet i t-ɣa-yejjen ad ihaz ixf-nnes, ad yerr mmi-s bac ad iḥkem deg uraq-nnes. Ttɛawaden x-as, yeṭṭef ca n 100 mlyun $ n rrecwet zeg ujellid n Ssaɛudi.
Aneḥbus akaṭalan, Oriol Junqueras, yura-dd x min imsaren di Twitter: “lqanun d ijjen x merra iwdan. S minzi ajellid ijja baba-s i yeṭṭfen rrecwet ad yerwel bla ma ad yini walu. Lḥukuma tesselha aydud di ca nneɣni ma d lmeḥkama, teqqen tiṭṭawin minzi Juan Carlos wer illi zeg inni i yexsen azarug (listiqlal). Aseppanyu wer iɛeddlen, ad iqqim i lebda d burrecwet”.
Khalid Bouyaala.


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Tamhazt
Tamhazt Di tesnudert, d ayen yelfan di tulsa (yeḍran deg ineddel) i d-yettilin deg telmas d tfekkiwin n imuddiren ɣef teɣzi n wakud, d yiwen umazrar id yeṭṭfen seg talɣiwin timezwura maḍi armi d imuddar n tura. Amezruy n temhazt n tudert yezmer ad yettwiglem s yiwen waddag meqqren neɣ aṭas n waddagen n tgetjinit (poygénie).
Tamhazt tqqen ɣer usnulfu n telmas, maca seg-s daɣen i d-itekk ungar-nsent. Dɣa d turda n wefran agaman id yessumer Charles Darwin i yettilin deffir inbeddalen-a, ulamma aṭas ineḍruyen i itekkin Send n tuffɣa ɣer tsemlilt taneggarut i d-ijemmlen tiẓri n temhazt. D acu tura aṭas isnudranen i yettagin ula d awal-a n « tiẓri » imi ɣur-sen d ayen yessurfen amecwar-nni s wayen i d-tufa tussna tineggura-ya s wallalen atraren, ladɣa s igmaḍ n tesnudert talayant (biologique moléculaire) i d-yufan s tseddi, d amedya, amek yecrek w ADN n wemdan d yibki. Maca si tama nniḍen, d udem-a n lqerban gar umdan d uɣersiw i yeǧǧan aṭas n leṣwat ad ilin mgal tikti n temhazt ; llan gar-asen ula d imusnawen i iɛerḍen ad gen tizrawin-nsen s webrid-iḍen iɣef teɣleb tezrirt n teflest d tektiwin timasɣannin (n ddin). Amedya, qqaren belli d tidet, amdan yezmer ad yili iɛedda-d ɣef waṭas n tsurifin uqbel ad yaweḍ akka d amdan, maca yella kan w’i iwellhen inbeddalen i d-yeḍran si tazwara, meḥsub d Rebbi-nni iss i ttamnen ; aya d ayen iwumi semman « asɣiwes amegzu » ( le dessein intelligent).
Adasil n Charles Darwin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
M’akken i d-yesnulfa tussan-yi tamaynut ara yuɣalen d taxatart maḍi syin d afella, Darwin yella d amnadi kan amecṭuḥ ifukken leqraya-s deg uɣiwen n Ṭṭebba n tesdawit n Edambourg, ihi yedda deg uɣarrabu Beagle i yeffɣen deg tuɣḍaṭ unadi i tikelt tis snat, ɣer tnila n Temrikt n Wenẓul, iruḥ s yisem-is d amesnakal kan imi d wayen i d-yelha imir. Maca ayen i t-iwellhen tikelt tamezwarut, d ayen iɣer yerra tamawt deg tgzirin n Galápagos ɣef kra n telmas n yiwen wefrux. Afrux-a llant kra n tlemas-is ɣur-neɣ ; deg tama n usammar n Bgayet qqaren-as abulkettan, deg Ǧerǧer abuferriw neɣ amenferriw (pinson). Ihi mi imuqel yaf sin ispisimanen i d-yekkan si snat tegzirin yemqaraben, ttemcabin deg kullec ala deg uqamum : yiwen zur, wayeḍ rqiq. Syin iwala yal afrux ggtent telmas-is deg yiwet n tewsit (genre), dɣa yesteqsa iman-is : ma d win iwumi qqaren Axellaq i igan akka annect-a, amek yeɛni ara s-yini wayi ad s-geɣ aqamum akka, wayeḍ akken nniḍen, neɣ ad ten-ssemxlafeɣ kan deg teɣmi n rric ? Yerna mačči kan ɣur yefrax i llant lewhayem, ula si tama n iɣersiwen imeqqranen : amek yiwen deg leḥcic i ikess wayeḍ yettseyyiḍ iɣersiwen-nni at leḥcic s yiman-nsen ? Yuɣ lḥal tamella ur telli deg teẓgi neɣ daxel n yillel, ayen izemren i kra-iḍen yečč-it !
Akka, Darwin mi yekfa tazrawt-is deg imenfarrawen i d-igemmer, yufa belli ayen i ten-yessemgarden d abrid kan i d-wwin deg tudert-nsen d twennaṭ ideg ɛacen ; dɣa win i d-yekkren deg tegzrit anda yeqwa lḥebb n yemɣan, iṛebba aqamum zuren iǧehden swayes ara yerẓ tuččit-is, ma d win nniḍen iɛacen anda akken txuṣṣ, itetten kan ibɛac, ayla-s netta iruḥ s teɣzi, yemmug i tseddi amek ara d-yeṭṭef ayen meẓẓiyen. Wa d amedya kan amecṭuḥ, maca Darwin ssya i iṣadd armi yessegrawel tussna n imudar s lekmal-is. Yufa ziɣ d agama i d-yelhan s kra din ; yella wanda ḍerrun lumuṛ s usamma kan d wamek i d-yewwi lḥal, maca dima d talmest iǧehden deg iɣersiwen, meḥsub tin iḥerzen tigemmi tajinit (patrimoine gnétique) yelhan i d-igerrin tettidir. Daymi aṭas i inegren segmi d-tebda tudert ar assa. Ma d tigemmi-a tajinit i yeṭṭfen amkan deg tsilunin n wudus , neɣ amek tettɛeddi gar tsitiwin, Darwin netta ur tt-yefhim ara di tallit-is, d taɣnwt-is (instinct) kan tamassnant d termit-is deg uḥekker d ufraẓ n lumuṛ i t-yeǧǧan ad yaru fell-as ; d acu ur ssawḍen ad tt-fehmen armi d talemmast n lqern wis XX, ad d-nuɣal ɣur-s.
Imenzayen imuta[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Di tilawt, ur d-yeḍḥa yewɛer i waṭas n medden akken ad gren tikti n temhazt di lbal-nsen, armi d-tettbin tumelt -is akka sufella d ayen ur iqqebbel wallaɣ, ladɣa ɣer wid i d-yekkren s tikti tamensayt n wexlaq imudar. Imi deg tidet-is, tamhazt tettarra laṣel n wemdan d wayen akk yeddren ɣef akal, ama d aɣersiw neɣ d imɣi, akken yebɣu yili meqqer neɣ mecṭuḥ, alamma d yiwet kan n tsilunt si ṣṣenf abaktiri ideg i d-tebda tudert deg waman ahat ma drus 3,5 imelyaren iseggasen. Ayen i d-yettxebbiren ɣef waya d imikrudusen (microrganismes) i ttafen ar tura deg ifuṣilen, yerna tikwal irennu yettibɛid later-nsen deg wakud.
Lḥaṣun ɣef akken d-teqqar tussna tatrart, d tabaktirit-a tamikruskupit i yebdan tettimɣur mi d-tufa iman-is deg waman ur nmelleḥ armi tuɣal s talɣa n twekka tusbiṭ yettbinen ; syin mi tkemmel deg unegmu teṭṭef ṣṣifa n yislem. Ifuṣilen n « iselman-a » ttafen-ten dɣa s waṭas ɣer tamiwin igarawen (océans) ; ihi d kra seg-sen i d-yeffɣen, seg wid yesɛan tiferrawin tičaranin, zgan tteḥnunufen-d armi d-gran deg wakal aquran, dɣa d tifarriwen-nni i yuɣalen d iḍarren syin d afella. Yiwen uspisiman seg iqburen i ufan deg usammar n Groenland ahat wwḍen 460 imelyan iseggasen segmi iɛac.
D widak i d-yeǧǧan igḍad, iḥraraden , ikalmanen yecban imqerqar, akked isaṭṭaḍen ; syin akk i d-kkan. Deg tallit-nni tamezwarut d idinusuṛen i igman s tɣawla, yerna tuɣ llan am yegḍad kan, ma d wiyaḍ merra wwin-d acḥal di ṣṣifa n uɣersiw-nni i iṛebban tiḍartin yuɣal ileḥḥu ɣef rebɛa, yella d ameɣẓaz icuban s aɣerda, d netta i d ajaddi n isaṭṭaḍen merra ideg nella nekni. Ur yebda gemmu-s d inbeddalen-is ɣer waṭas n telmas armi negren idinusuṛen si 66 imelyan iseggasen-aya. Dɣa ɣef teɣzi n imelyan n lesnin, yebḍa ɣef waṭas n twaculin tiɣersanin, gar tid yettseyyiḍen d tid itetten leḥcic, d wiyaḍ ukud llan iprimaten, asellun yesdukklen amdan d waṭas n yibkan. Maca iprimaten mgaraden, llan imecṭaḥ, llan imeqqranen, ihi seg imeqqranen-nni i d-yeqqers umdan.
Tamhazt n wemdan[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Yella da lɣilaḍ mucaɛen ideg ilaq ad d-nebdu. Tuget n medden seg wid ur nwala tussna si lqerb, deg tmettiyin akk n ddunit, qqaren ma seg yibki i d-nekka s tidet, amek armi ibkan n wassa ur ttuɣalen ara d imdanen ? Netta da llant snat n tlufa i ilaqen ad ttusegzint. Tazwara, anbeddal-a mačči d ayen i d-yettilin deg teswiɛt kan akka, d inig ameqqran deg imyaten n luluf n lesnin, ur iẓerr yiwen s wallen-is ma ur inuda ara deg ifuṣilen, imi yettili-d s leɛqel maḍi. Tin ɣer-s, mačči seg ibki-a n tura s yiman-is i d-iruḥ umdan. Ma d tura akka aɣersiw i ittemcabin maḍi ɣer umdan si tama tansudrant, d acampanzi (chimpanzé) i yettidiren deg Tefriqt, acku send ayen ara yilin gar 6 d 8 imelyan n lesnin, yella ujaddi-nneɣ yiwen. Meḥsub kra seg telmest-a i ɣ-icerkan yella wayen i d-yeḍran deg udus-nsen ; ladɣa taḍermist (mutation) i yerzan allaɣ, d tin i yellan deffir n tilin n wemdan, ulamma amdan-nni amezwaru yettemcabi ugar ɣer yibki. D acu, mi d-yeffeɣ si twacult tasnudrant iwumi qqaren homonidae, amdan yebda yettenkar ɣef sin iḍarren, yessemras allaɣ-is, ikemmel tamhazt-is deg waṭas imecwaren, segmi yuɣal d tawsit (genre) iwumi qqaren homo : dɣa yella : homo-habilis, uqbel azal n 2 imelyan n lesnin deg Tefriqt usammar d wenẓul (i isqedcen yakan times, yenjer ablaḍ d amrig yerna yeffeɣ si Tefriqt) ; homo-eretcus uqebel 1,8 imelyan, d netta i ikecmen Turuft ; ma ɣer tagara d homo-sapiens i d-yellan si 300 000 iseggasen, i yuɣalen yettxemmim s tidet, d nekni dɣa akken nella tura ; yella neanderthal ɣer tama-nneɣ deg tewsit homo, iɛac ula deg Turuft, maca winna yenger.
Tisura n tesnudert talayant deg tussna n temhazt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Iban, akken ad ɛeddint ṣṣifat si tsuta ɣer tayeḍ gar imudar, ilaq kan ad tili tanga ara tt-yawin. Aya ifhem-it Darwin, maca win i d-yeldin tifrat ɣer tmukrist-a i tikelt tamezwarut, d Uṭrici Mendel (1822 - 1884) i yellan d aqessis (prêtre), d acu yelha-d daɣen d inadiyen-a i iḥemmel, imi tuɣ yeɣra deg tfellaḥt . Dɣa d netta i igan llsas i tussna tamynut ara d-ilalen syin d asawen, iwumi neqqar tajinitit, ulamma imahilen-is ruḥen ttwattun acḥal iseggasen d wamek ɛawden gan-asen ccan. Lḥaṣun, d netta i d-yufan isuḍaf iwumi qqaren ara assa Isuḍaf n mendel, d ayen yerzan abrid n umcabi gar umudar d baba-s, neɣ jeddi-s, neɣ gma-s (deg yiwet n tsuta) atg. (ad d-nawi fell-as deg umagrad-iḍen). Yerna netta ɣef yimɣan i iga tirmitin-is, meḥsub d ajilban i yebda iteẓẓu-t ɣef waṭas n tikwal armi d-yessufeɣ igmaḍ ineggura. Maca wid i d-yesfehmen tajitinit s tidet, d Watson akked Crick deg useggas n 1953, asmi d-ufan amek yemmug w ADN s tseddi. ADN d alay asnudran aɣezfan, n uɣurmi (nayau) n tsilunin akked kra ivirusen, deg-s i yettwaxan yisalli ajini s wudem akimyan. Ihi ma zik imusnwen tuɣ zerrfen s tmuɣli kan d ufraẓ n termitin, seg yimir uɣalen sɛan tanga yettwallasen iɣer tcudd kra yellan d ṣṣifa yesɛa umudar, izemren ad ssrewsen seg telmest ɣer tayeḍ ; dɣa tura mačči kan d iusḍaf n Mendel i yuɣalen ttwazrawen s wudem ufrin, ssawḍen yimnuda fehmen yess ula d anda zedɣen kra n waṭṭanen yettɛeddin si tsuta ɣer tayeḍ, ayen ara iɛiwnen i uɛqal-nsen ɣas qbel talalit ; dɣa kka i ssulin ijinumen (génomes) n kra imudar. Ajinum d ayen i d-ijemmlen isallen ijiniyen icudden ɣer kra n telmest, win n wemdan fkan-t-id di 2003. Asmi t-srewsen ɣer win n yibki acampanzi ufan ttamcabin alamma d 99%, ayen yesswehmen lɛamma tamassnant, imi tilawt n temhazt tuɣal tban-d s wanzaten ufrinen, ur d-teqqim ara tettwaḍfar s ifuṣilen kan d tɣessiwin tiqburin, ladaɣa ma neẓra belli widak yettili lexṣas deg-sen ɣas akken ttaken-d isalli iqumen m’ara ilin. Yerna am akken yenna Richard Dawkins , win yebɣan kan ad s-d-yessukes kra i tidet-a, ad iruḥ ad d-inadi taɣessa n wemdan ara yesɛun ugar n 8 imelyan di leɛmer ; d lmuḥal, imi amdan tuɣ ur yewwiḍ ara talɣa i nesɛa tura. Kifkif ula i iɣersiwen akk i nessen, aqjun neɣ awtul, ur ttafen iɣsan-nsen ala seg tilla-nni kan mi qqlen s tumelt-nsen n tura.
Taɣbalut[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ablug n Samir Tighzert Timuɣliwin


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Amaray Amatu n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa, Mass Si El Hachemi ASSAD, yemlal tanezayt n wass-a lexmis 16 yunyu 2022 akked Uselway n Usqamu Aɣerfan Aɣelnaw, Mass Brahim Boughali.
Amaray Amatu n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa, Mass Si El Hachemi ASSAD, yemlal tanezayt n wass-a lexmis 16 yunyu 2022 akked Uselway n Usqamu Aɣerfan Aɣelnaw, Mass Brahim Boughali. d Timlilit yessuter Umaray amatu iwakken ad yeskasi Akked Uselway n Usqamu Aɣerfan Aɣelnaw d iwamniyen t-iɛemren aṭas n temsal yerzan aladɣa tiseɣlifin n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa, d wussisen ixeddem deg unnar yeddan deg usalu yenǧer uselway n Tegduda yessawalen i tduki taɣelnawt d useǧhed n tirni n daxel.
Ilmend n Temlilit-a daɣen, Mass Si El Hachemi ASSAD yemmeslay-d ɣef telmlilt taxatart n wemni deg uselɣu n tnefrut tamendawant ɣef taramendawt n kra n temyersin deg usaḍuf n uwelleh n usedwel aɣelnaw uṭṭun 04-08 n 23 yennayer 2008, id-mazal, xas ma tamendawt tbeddel seg yimir.


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Tamazight, langue et littérature
✨Salem Zinya (1962- )✨
Tameddurt :
Salem Zinya ilul ass n 26 deg Ctambeṛ 1962 deg taddart n Friḥa. D amyaru n wungalen, d amedyaz s tutlayt ɣ tmaziɣt. Yekcem ɣer uɣerbaz amzenzu di taddert-is, syen ieedda ɣer tesnawit n Iɛezzugen seg i d d-yeffeɣ deg useggas nni n 80 i wakken ad yekcem deg umussu n wid yessuturen izerfan-nsen deg useggas-nni dɣa Iffeɣ-d war ma issuli almad-is, war ma yewwi-d l-BAK. Isnerna taɣuṛi s tuzna n tebṛatin deg Uɣerbaz Universalis (Liaj, Biljik). Iffɣ-ed seg ulmad d-anaɣmas taggara useggas n 1981. Iruḥ ar lɛeskkeṛ deg useggas n 1984 ifuk-ed deg 1986. Kra yekka umennuɣ ɣef tmaziɣt, Zinya ikka deg-s, ulac dacu izgel. Maca netta ifka azal i yedles d tsekla. Deg temlilit n Umussu Adelsan Amaziɣ (MCB) n Yulyu 1989, d netta I d-amyaru n ṛṛabun n tesmilt (commission) tis kraḍ, "Idles d usnefli n tẓuri".
Deg useggas n 1994 Zinya iffeɣ seg tesmilin n Umussu Adelsan Amaziɣ.
Gar 1990 akked 1995, Zenya ixdem d-aneɣmas deg uɣmis nni « Tamurt ». Illa ittḍebbir ɣef uḥric n tmaziɣt. D netta yellan isseɣtay iḍrisen i-d-ittwaznen.
Deg useggas n 1998, issufeɣ-d Tasɣunt « IẒURAN », tasɣunt iga i lmend n usnefli n tsekla tamaziɣt.
Ayen yura :
▪Tirga n Yidir, Paris : L'Harmattan, 1993.
▪Tafrara, Tazwart n Taseɛdit Yasin. Paris : L'Harmattan, 1995. Unegal.
▪Mi sliɣ ccarweɣ, Tamedyazt, Awal, Ɣef Lmulud Mɛemri, 1990.
▪Iɣil d wefru. Paris : L'harmattan, 2002
▪Tifsiwin. Paris : L'harmattan, 2004
▪Azar n tagut. Béjaia : Tira Editions, 2011
????« Tafrara » 1995
Tagi t-tadyant n yiwen weqcic, d aqbayli. Asmi yella d ilemẓi immuger yiwet teqcict yebɣa at-tyaɣ nnan-as : " alla! mačči t-tagi i-k ilaqen " .Alaxater taqcict nni tugar-ik s kra iseggasen.
Asmi i d immed inuda f tlelli n tmurt, inuda f iz'uran-is yufa ulac. Ihi yebda yekka-t uzal ama di 1980 ama di 1982 mi d fɣen atmaten inselmen. Ikcem leḥbus yečča aɛekkaz almi yemmut.
????« Iɣil d wefru » 2002
Iɣil d Wefru d tadyant n Lezzayer yettwacergen ɣef sin iberdan : abrid n tatrara d izerfan n umdan, i ɣef ttnaɣen Uzwaw d Titem, d ubrid n tineslemt d tiɛuṛṛebt i ɣef ulin s adrar Muḥ emmed d Ɛuqba.
Tanekra d yimenɣi n Uzwaw d Titem, ɣef izerfan d tmettit nnsen, teglayasen-d s lada i ten-yessawḍen ɣer tizi n tmettant. Azwaw refdent iterrasen n Jiniral Anezmar, yessen-d lihana d tukksa n sser uqbel ad s-d-brun. Titem d Tmekyust ddment-ten iremmaɣen-inselmen (irebraben).


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ctiqVB [ctiq]
ressentir la privation; avoir un manque de
Flexions ctiqtectaqayeḍ ictaqen ctaqen ictaq ctiqen ctaqayen ictiq ictaqay ctiqet ctaqayet yectiqen nectaq ctaqeɣ yectaqayen nectiq nectaqay ctiqeɣ ctaqayeɣ yectaqen tectaqemt yectaq ctiq tectiqemt tectaqayemt yectiq yectaqay ctaqay ctaqent tectaq ctiqent ctaqayent tectiq tectaqay ctiqemt ctaqayemt ictiqen tectaqem tectaqeḍ ictaqayen tectiqem tectaqayem tectiqeḍ
Sources ctiq
- BOUAMARA Kamel, Issin : Asegzawal n teqbaylit s teqbaylit, Editions l'Odyssée, Tizi-Ouzou, 2010
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982


text:
Poésie
Ečč ad ixelleṣ mmi k
Yiwen wemɣaṛ iâada zdat ṛistuṛa. Iwala uran d dina : « Ečč ad ixelleṣ mmi k ».
Amɣaṛ nni ur yaâdil ara neţţa d mmi s. Dɣa ifṛeḥ.
Inna yas : as assekneɣ i wemcum nni. Iffeɣ abrid. Assa ad ixelleṣ.
Ikcem ar ṛistuṛa nni, iqqim ar tabla, imuqel l kaṛa nni, dɣa kwmanda a tekmandiḍ.
Awi d ta, awid ta, alarmi ičča ayen ara ččen âacṛa medden.
U yerna ikwmanda ayen ɣlayen maḍi...
Mi ifuk, iṛwa, ikker ad iffeɣ.
Issawel as d bab n ṛistuṛa nni. Inna yas
-Aâni a ţṛuḥeḍ ur teţxlliseḍ ara?
Irra yas umɣaṛ nni :
-Mi d yusa mmi, ad ixelleṣ.
Dɣa bab n ṛistuṛa nni ibbwi yas d leḥsab, imir nni :
-Ih, ẓṛiɣ mi d yusa mmi k ad ixelleṣ. Maâna xelleṣ iyi d, kečč, ayen akw yečča baba k. Atan leḥsab anect ilat...
muqṛan i âazag Blois, le 03 février 2011
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Histoire
Écritures / thÉÂtre
actualitÉ
VidÉos
Chanteurs , musiciens
SPORTS
Coutume et tradition
divertissement
Liens & autres


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« I lmend n tmeɣra n Tfaska Tameqqrant yernu s uzrak n usaḍuf 63-278 n 26 Yulyu 1963 yettwasneflen yernu yettwassmed, win ay d-isebḍen timeɣriwin tusḍifin, ussan n usiḍyas 10 d usamas 11 Du Lḥiǧǧa 1443 n uhijri, yeddan d 9 d 10 Yulyu 2022, d ussan n tɣimit yernu ttwaxellṣen i wakk imahalen d tsuda tinagdudin, iɣsuren d tnariyin tinagdudin d tusligin akked yimahalen n teṛmisin tinagdudn d tusligin n wakk igzumen d yiẓurar izerfanen, ula deg wayen yerzan imahalen yettwaxellaṣen s usrag niɣ s wass », ɣef wakken ay d-yenna uɣbalu-a.
D acu kan, tisuda, tideblin, iɣsuren, isiraten d teṛmisin d-yettwabedren yessefk ad ddmen akaten yessefken i uḍman n ukemmel n yimeẓla yettwasuddsen s uskar n umahil s unsa, ɣef wakken ay d-yenna ulɣu-a.


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Isɣunen n umeṛjan, d lḥafer n tgemmi n ClefAkras, 02 Meɣres 2022 15:48
CLEF – Tamdint n Tnes (55 km s Agafa n Clef) tettwassen s tinḍi-is n yisɣunen n umeṛjan, tiɛeqqucin akked tijeɣlalen-iḍen igamanen, ḥemmlen-ten aṭas yimerziyen ɣer temnaḍt-a n yiri n yilel, s umata smahalen-ten akken ad shuskin tislit deg tmeɣriwin i ttgen deg temnaḍt-a.
Isehwa n ubrid : Mmuten 26 n yimdanen akked 1.337 nniḍen d imejraḥ deg yiwen n yimalasAsinas, 15 Tubeṛ 2019 11:52
LEZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Simraw sḍis (26) n yimdanen i yemmuten akked 1.337 nniḍen d imejraḥ deg 1.198 n yisehwa n ubrid i skelsen deg uswir aɣelnaw deg yiwet n twala inezgen seg 06 ɣer 12 tuber, ɣef wakken i d-yura deg yiwet n tecrawt tamalasant i d-ssuffɣen ass n usinas (ttlata) yimeẓla n Umesten aɣarim.
Asfugel n tefsut deg Clef : d yiwen n unsay n tegemmi tadigant aqburAsinas, 30 Yebrir 2019 09:12
CLEF – Asfugel n tedyant n tefsut d yiwen n unsay n tgemmi aqbur yesɛan leqrun deg leɛmer-is, i mazal ar ass-a ttḥarabent fell-as twaculin n twilayt n Clef, ttemlilin yinesɣuma n twacult s lferḥ d ameqqran ɣef tgella d yekkan seg yifarisen n ugama n tsemhuyt-nni.
Clef : 13 n tekra n umezgun i yettekkin deg yimalas n ugrudAsamas, 24 Meɣres 2019 11:49
CLEF – Anda ma ulac llant 13 n tekra, i igan timezgunin i yigurdan, ara yettekkin deg yimalas n ugrud yeldin tiwwura-s ass n usiḍyas (ssbt) deg twilayt n Clef, i aɣ-d-nnan yimsuddsen-is.


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Le Rifain
Deg wussan i dd-ittasen, a dd-yemmerni ɣer wazzerg n usefru Arifi, ijjen wamud n yezlan i dd-ɣa tessufeɣ tezlawit Naɛima Farisi. Amud-a i dd-ittasen wiss tnayen awarn i umi dd-tessufeɣ amud-nnes amezwaru « Laɣa-yi-dd » aseggas n 2017. Tamessizwarut-nnes yura-tt umari Muḥemmed Farisi.
Adlis amaynu n Naɛima Farisi ittas-dd deg yiger n tzemmar i tettegg tmesmunt n Ayt Sɛid i tdelsa d tgumi. wa d tafsart wiss 13 zi tefsarin i dd-tessufuɣ tmesmunt-a, i itticcen afus i yinniitterran taynit i tira di Arif.


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Milouda El Hankari
Asefru-ya ksiɣ-t-idd zeg wedlis n Leopold Victor Justinard “MANUEL DE BERBÉRE MAROCAIN (DIALECTE RIFAIN)” 1926.
Leopold-a (1878-1959) ila yella d amilitar d afransis ittxesses di tutlayt tacelḥit, maca ixdem ula x tmaziɣt n Arif (tagzennayt) maci tecqa-t-idd tutlayt tamaziɣ, ilemd-itt ḥuma a das-isehhel i uḥewwas adaf-ines di tamurt n Lmerruk. Deg wedlis-a , netta s yexef-ines yessawal x manaya: “amcubbek ameqqran i ɣar-s a fransa di Arif, d amsaweḍ akked irifiyen… almad n wawal n Arif d ccerṭ amezwaru i wemsaweḍ-a”.
Ɛawdeɣ-as tira i usefru-ya minzi iɛejb-ayi, zeg yij n wudem nettaf deg-s awalen wer neqqim ci nessexdam-iten aṭṭas, nettraḥ nettettu-ten. S manayenni, merra min yuran s tmaziɣt-nneɣ, mani ma tella, ittxessa a tt-idd-nessufeɣ. Tameslayt nneḍni minzi i dayi–tt-yenna lxaḍer–inu x usefru-ya: d ta d nnubet tamezwarut i ufiɣ ij n wergaz d arifi, yssawal x tayri s wul-ines. Manaya ittawey-ayi a useqsi-ya: mayemi gi zik, irgazen irifiyen ila ssnen ad ssiwlen x tayri ḥsen zi yenni yiḍa?
« A dam-ferneɣ nnit a ḥenna
A dam-sseryeɣ nnit a ḥenna
A dam-ayziɣ nnit a ḥenna
A dam-ḥeryeɣ nnit a ḥenna
A dam-ssifeɣ nnit a ḥenna
A dam-gguɣ nnit a ḥenna
A dam yreɣ (greɣ) nnit a ḥenna
A dam-ssnenneɣ nnit a ḥenna
A dam-zedmeɣ nnit a ḥenna
A dam-aymeɣ nnit a ḥenna
A dam-ceṭṭbeɣ nnit a ḥenna
A dam-ssuɣ nnit a ḥenna
A dam-keḥḥleɣ nnit a ḥenna
A dam-ɛekkreɣ nnit a ḥenna
A dam-sewwceɣ (sewwkeɣ) nnit a ḥenna
A dam-mecḍeɣ nnit a ḥenna
A dam-hajjreɣ nnit a ḥenna
wa derreɛ-ayi ruxa nnit a ḥenna. »
Ij n wergaz iqqar amya i tmeddukkelt-ines.


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Tura-t: AmazighXBerberin
Ca n twalatin tɛessabeɣ x « urumi », niɣ x tdelsa-nnes (Culture). Tɛessabeɣ s minzi irezzu a dayi‑ibeddel. Yeqqar-ayi min ɣa yirḍeɣ, islemmad-aneɣ mamek ɣa yili bnadem d bnadem.
Maca mamek ɣa xezreɣ ɣer tdelsa n yewdan i dd‑yessufɣen plastik, i qellben di bnadem ɛlam kul lebyad ḥuma ad yili d numru n waḥit, mamek ɣa xzerɣ ɣer yewdan wer xsen a dayi‑ḥtarmen?
Ca n twalatin ɛawed ttɛessabeɣ x yewdan-nneɣ, x tnamitin n Imaziɣen‑nneɣ. Dinni ɛad ca n tmeslayin wer xseɣ ca a tent‑ḍefreɣ, waxxa amenni yeqseḥ a neḍfer rray‑nneɣ. A das‑tinid rezzuɣ ad ggeɣ ammu a tetteslid: ḥcuma. Mala cem d tamɣart niɣ cekk tesɣuyyud x tseqqar n temɣart, ad tteslid: cem d tamɣart waha, netta qqaren‑as tḥecc/tḥekkem x‑ak/ac temɣart.
Uca ad tafed tettenḍed dinni waha. Ama wi yellan s seḥḥet‑nnes , ixess ad ixerres deg yewdan-nni wer ɣer telli sseḥḥet, minzi ntettu-ten, ixess-ayi necc ad lemdeɣ wer ten-tettuɣ, ɛawed ixess-ayi ad lemdeɣ ma llan ca n yewdan delmeɣ-ten.
Maca nec aqqa‑ayi ɛad lhiɣ ad sfehmeɣ inneɣni belli ɣer‑i lḥuquq inu. Ttaciɣ axmi ttemcumbuceɣ aked lḥid.
Qaɛ manayenni ttmerni‑dd x‑as: tudert s yemxumbal‑nnes … Bnadem mala d aẓru ad yaḥḥel.
Maḥend bnadem ad yeccur ɛawed inirji‑nnes ixess ad yettu ij n wass niɣ tnayen min ittewqiɛen di dduniyt, ad iriyyeḥ. Niɣ ad t‑tneɣ tefqaḥt.
Min dayi‑ittɛawanen ɛawed, ttedwaleɣ ɣer deffar xezzreɣ mani iwḍeɣ necc, ɣir zi ɛam‑nneɣni ar nhar‑a. Mselqiɣ aked yewdan ttuɣa weḍḍren am necc, rzun x iẓuran-nsen, rzun x wawal-nsen. Nhar‑a imeddukal d tmeddukal‑inu ttlaɣan‑ayi “Tamaziɣt” – ssnen/snent min yeɛna Umaziɣ, ttwalan‑ayi. Lemmdeɣ tira s Tmaziɣt, qqareɣ imegraḍen (artiklat) x/s Tmaziɣt.
Ssneɣ xmi ɣer‑i ɣa yilin ra d necc iḥenjiren ad ilin in ca allah lektub n iḥenjiren imeẓyanen s Trifiyt. Ttwaliɣ inni i dd‑ttnekkaren lexu, xsen ad lemden awal-nsen. Marra manaya ttwaliɣ deg‑sen layas d ameqqran. Wer nbedd ca! Waxxa ca n marrat wer nettwili belli qa neggur.
Am i yenna Xalid Iẓli di leɣnuj-nes: ittxessa ssber waha.


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Mars 2011, di Arif, negga amussu n imeḥḍarn di tmezgida mani ttuɣa qqarɣ tabakalurit. Qbel, ttuɣa neffeɣ ca n twalatin aked umussu n 20 brayer, nec d baba. Twala ɣer twala, ttuɣa ttemsagareɣ di zzenqet aked lmurecciḥ n dcar, ttemharwadeɣ akid-s di pulitik n tmurt.
Ijjen wass n jjemɛa, lefqi n ddcar, istexṭeb x « Azul », yenna x yenni yeqqaren Azul aqa d « lmunafiqin ». Tteggen ixef-nsen d imselmen, maca d timessi adu ulum. Ddcar-nneɣ ttuɣa dag-s nec weḥdi i yeqqern azul. Ass-nni, tamezgida tekmel txezzer-dd dag-i. A s-tinid nec d « Bulahab », senni, kksen xaf-i marra, ula d iskajiyyen.
Dinni, xarrseɣ ad beddleɣ axarres i tarwa n ddcar, a ten-adseɣ, a kid-sen ssiwleɣ, a ten-sfaqeɣ x usirḍ n walli i dasen-ittwaggen. Maca aẓru a dak-isel, iwdan-nneɣ lla. Cek ad teqqard nitni a xaf-k tterran s: « Maca neccin d imselmen. », « Maca lmexzen yejhed », « yenna-t lefqih ».
Anebdu i dd-yusin awarn-as, xerrseɣ ad ugureɣ, wer dd-tedwileɣ ɣer taɣyuli. Minzi 21 isegg°usa ttwaliɣ amxumbel di lmexzen, asegg°as-nni ufiɣ iceddan dag-neɣ illan. Afsay-nsen deg ufus-nneɣ, maca nugi a t-nefsi. Dinni bdiɣ swejjadeɣ ad rewleɣ, ad rewleɣ zeg aytma!!
Ass melmi i dd-teffeɣ viza, yesseqsa-yi ijjen mmi-s n ɛzizi: Cḥal i xef dd-ɣa-tdewled?!
Nniɣ-as: Ijjen tmenya niɣ d ɛecra n isegg°usa, mala ibeddel ca!
Wer kemmleɣ ca x wawal-inu, minzi aẓuyyet n tmurt d yemma, yerra-yi mkul azgen n usegg°as niɣ d asegg°as ɣer Arif. Setta n twalatin « hekk°iɣ » di 4 n isegg°usa. Rriɣ Arif am hekk°u ɣer temdint. Maca kulci d wenni.
Sebɛa n isegg°usa d cehrayen d 20 n wussan x wass amezgaru melmi dd-ugureɣ. 4 n isegg°usa d cehrayn d 17 n wussan wer ẓriɣ Arif, wer ẓriɣ yemma. Melmi ttseqsiɣ imeddukal day-i yudsen « min ibeddlen?! » Ḍeḥḥken tterran-dd xafi: »qat ɛad d tenni ». « taɣyuli tettraḥ mɣar min trenni ».
7 iseggusa ddreɣ dag-sen akd legnus n umaḍal merra, wer jjiɣ lgens i wer ggiɣ d amddukel, niɣ wer cciɣ aɣrum-nnes. Ttexseɣ ad fehmeɣ min yejjin Arifi i yeddren di ddell, yugi ad yender taɣyuli. Tidet waha, ɛad wer ssineɣ!!
Wer ssineɣ min ittejjan aterras yeqqar-ak: « d tidet min teqqerd. » Maca wer zzag-s ittegg. Min ittejjan Arifi yessen belli d lmexzen i dag-s yeẓẓun tukkarhi, taqbilt, aseḥqer i temɣart, leɛgez… waxxa amenni ittagi a zag-s yeffeɣ. Rni xaf-s aɛeffar axmi netta waha i yellan sennej i tmurt-a!
Arifi nniḍen ittwalan ixf-nes d ilelli, ifaq, yender xaf-s taɣyuli. Yugi ad yelmed belli lmexzen mala wer xaf-s nemɛiwin marra, wer x-as netteɣlib. Yugi ad yessen belli iwdan i wer ilmiden ad smquddan jer wewtem d tewtemt, ad qeblen ayawya, ad slen i yijjen d wenniḍen, ad ssizdgen tamurt-nsen ad tt-ḥḍan, ɛemmers ad kkren aked lmexzem i dasen-yeccin tiseqqar-nsen.
Deg wawal aneggar ssawaleɣ x yijjen Arif d yijjen Urifi wer llin di tidet, ad yili ɛemmers ma ttuɣa llan. Maca aqqa-ten di turjit n waṭṭas n trifiyin tilelliyin d irifiyen ilelliyen. Aṭṭas wer tterrin taynit i wi xaf-sen ɣa iḥekmen mintra iḍemmen-asen tiseqqar d izerfan-nsen. Maca ksin amnus kṭer i suyetma-tsen d aytma-tsen i yeddren jer tukkarhi, d tigg°di, mala temṣebdid deg uxarres.
Ass melmi i dd-ugureɣ, ksiɣ akid-i ijjen tkemmict n ucal n ddcar mani xelqeɣ gmiɣ. Ksiɣ akid-i ula d Arif, maca ijjen Arif tturjiɣ-t. wer dag-s ddreɣ ca, ijjen Arif ssitimeɣ ad yili ca n wass, mala texsem!
Ɣer ɛawd: « Xseɣ ad ugureɣ wer dd-ttɛiqqibeɣ… » ta d ict d tɣuyyit n ijjen temɣart d Tarifit | Cahid Andic


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Yessufeɣ‑dd artista mmis n Arrif Badr Buskuci deg wass n retnayn i yeɛdan (27.07) ijjen lxedmet d jjdid. Ad temmarni ɣer Biblyutika n uɣennij Arifi, mamek ɣa temmarni ɣa lexdayem yecnan n Badr.
A Yelli‑inu yelli, melmi d lfal nem!? Aɣennij n Saɛid Zerwali, iwalen n uzlawi Xalid Herfuf, iɣennej-it Zerwali zik s Akustik d uṣeffar. Buskuci iɛawd‑as aɣennej s ijjen musiqa d tamaynut, i das-yarnin tcuni i tniɣt n Badr ɣa tenni ɣer‑s.
leRifain yesseqsa Badr buskuci, mayemmi yexḍar aɣennij‑a wa ad as- iɛawed? Badr yenna belli iɛejbas min xef yessawal uɣennij,
« neccin arbɛa n temɣarin wer ɣer‑neɣ yelli di Tussna‑nneɣ, Arrif waxxa dag‑s imselmen, maca neccin ɣer‑neɣ ict temɣart i wur ».
Zeg ijjen uɣeẓdis nniḍen, iɛejb‑as i Badro mamek yexdem uɣennij n Zerwali, ifekkar ad xaf‑s yerni x lqaleb n uɣennij n Zerwali ijjen musiqa d tamaynut.
Badr Buskuci d ijjen Artista itteggen iṣuraf tmarsan mani wer ten‑ixeṭṭi. Zag‑s amarezzu deg iles d tnettit Tarifiyt, zag‑s ameɣnuj, azlawi, ittkumpuza ittmiksa nnit. Nzemmer ad xaf‑s nini d Studio yeggur x iḍaren‑nnes. Ɛawd d ijjen utarras yegga tudart zdat‑nnes d aremmud, mkur twarat iremmed rḥajet d ttamaynut.
Zeg iɣennijen i ɣer‑s nnes, Yemma, i yura netta. Mamek iɛawed aɣennej i « waxxa nec teɛyareɣ » n Ccab Mustafa, d « tarzeg xaf‑neɣ tudert » n Waḥid taziri.


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Tabuzegrayezt n tsafin
Tabuzegrayezt n tsafin (Assaɣ ussnan: Motacilla cinerea) d talmest n yijqiwen yeṭṭafaren tawsit n tbuzegrayezt deg twacult n tbuzegrayezin. Talmest-a, akken i d-immal yisem-is, tettidir deg yideggan i d-izgan zdat n waman.
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tezmer ad tili tukza (aɛqal) ɣef tbuzegrayezt n tsafin s wafriwen-is iwraɣen (iri n yiferran, idis, Adfar...). aqamum-is meẓẓiy ma d adfar-is ɣezzif. Afriwen n uwtem d iwraɣen deg wadis-is ma deg yiri-ines d ukaẓuẓ-is berrik. Idis n tewtemt mellul ugar n win n uwtem yakk d kra n uwraɣ.
Asčewčew n tbuzegrayezt n tsafin d azdad ugar n usčewčew n tabuzegrayezt tazunɣidt.
Učči[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tabuzegrayezt n tsafin tettet ibureɣsen am temzerɣlin i d-tettaf gar n yiẓra yakk deg tregwa n waman.


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Talalit (Nuwel)
Talalit d tafaska tamseggast d tis snat ilan azal yakk deg wesɣan akriti seld n tfaska n tnekra i d-yemmalen asmekti n tlallit n Mass Yisus (Ɛisa). Tafaska-ayi tebeddu deg yiḍ n 24 dujember d wass n 25 dujember n teswast tagrigurt d teswast tayulyant. Maca s usrag (af sebba) n umgarad n snat n teswasin-a s 13 n wussan, tettili-d tfaska n tlalit deg tmezdayin yeṭṭafaren taswast tayulyant deg yiḍ n 6 yennayer d wass n 7 yennayer. Ɣas akken ibibel ur d-ibdir ara ass neɣ azemz n tlalit n Yissu, maca ibabaten n tmezdayt ssidgen-d azemz-a d akken-t d tactut-is (ttiɛad-is) seg useggas n 325. Akken daɣen yettusesmel unasay n tmezdayt s umeggez-ines deg tlemmast n yiḍ. Yerna yettwabdar-d deg Yinjil n tegrudt n Yakuf di tsut tis 3 d akken tadyant-a (aneḍruy-a) tella-d di tlemmast n yiḍ, d akken ababat Pius PP. XI di tmezdayt takatulikt yessentem (iwekked) deg 1921 d akken tadyant-a tella-d di tlemmast n yiḍ s talɣa tamaddudt akken i d-yebder daɣen d akken send n tekritit, deg wass n 25 dujember tella-d tafaska tinnedmemt i wsemɣer n tfukt.
Talalit d yiwet n tfaska tamasɣant d tdelsant sfugulen yis imelyaṛen n yimdanen deg umaḍal yakk, asfugel s tlalit tettili-d yid-s tẓallit tusligt i lmend n tfaska-ayi ɣer Yikritiyen yakk d umsegrew n twaculin di tgida n imensi d usersi n waddag n tlalit d umbadal n yisefkan d umager n Baba Nwal d cenni n yiwlan n tlalit.


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Aṭṭas n twalatin, bnadem ittaḥel aṭṭas deg wussan n tejrest. Iddakk°al wer ixeddem bu mliḥ. Maca bnadem mala issen min ɣa yecc, izemmer ad yexdem mliḥ. Manaya nnehla aterras ma iswa lqehwa. D manaya ig iqqar usinag n Focus Aliman.
D amezwaru : ɣebba Ikarbuhidraten
Tamkant tanifasit deg wadji n bnadem tetteḥwaja ikarbuhidraten maḥend ad texdem mliḥ. Ikarbuhidraten-nni nzemmer ad ten-naf di tmensixt, niɣ deg imendi. D yina ig itticen i wadji bnadem aṭṭas n tezmart. Maca aqqa aren acemlal waxxa ittic cwayt n inirji, maca weridummi ca aṭṭas.
Wis tnayen : Tisemmamin n Umiga 3
Umiga3 ittɛawan-aneɣ aṭṭas ɣer welmad n deɣya. Adji ad yili yefsus. Bnadem ad itteɛqal mliḥ. Ɛawed qa ttɛawan ul ad yexdem mliḥ. Umiga 3 aqqa-t deg iselman, aqqat ɛawed deg weɣzaz (taɣyayt, lluz…).
Wis tlata : Cc lxuḍret mliḥ.
Ibiṭaminen aqqa-yen aṭṭas di lxuḍret. Imeggura-ya tejjan ssekk°ar ad yeqqim deg uswir-nnes deg idammen. Tejjan aterras ad yili mliḥ di tdusi-nnes. Minzi lxuḍret shekkwan akulistirul zi arrimet. Leɛdes d ijjen macca d tasebḥant ig izemmer bnadem ad t-yecc.
Ameggaru: Wer tceṭṭar deg waman .
Aman ikessi 75% zeg walli n bnadem. Mala tesessed drus n waman ataf wer tzemmared ad tfekkred mliḥ. Bnadem itteḥwaja zi tnayen ar tlata yetru n waman deg wass. Maḥend alli-nneɣ ad iksi min iḥwaj.


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Yura‑t: Anir Maziɣ
Arxamides (niɣ Arcamides) , netta d ijjen umussnaw n ugama (nature), n tmatimatikt, n ufizik, d wasṭrunumt (astronomy). Ilul di temdint n Saraqusa di Lyunan asegg°as n 287 zdat i Ɛisa. Ittwaḥsab zeg imerqanen n imussnawen deg umezruy aqbur.
Isseɛdu Arxamides tudert-nnes di tmuɣriwin n tfelsaft d tmatimatikt, ittwassen aṭṭas deg wakud-nnes s min d-ixtareɛ, ixtareɛ-d macina ssalayen‑dd zzag-s aman, semmant x yism-nnes (Archimedes screw) ɛad ssexdamen‑t lexxu di tsessawt n igran. Iktacef-dd aṭṭas n ilgamen (lqanun) deg ufizik zzeg-sen algam (lqanun) ittwasnen s Algam n Arxamids (Archimedes’ law). Yiweḍ ad yessen mamek ɣa neḥseb tjumma (Space) d waksay (volume) n cra n yinaten di tmatimatikt, isaqar‑dd mamek ɣa nari nnumrawat imeqranen, d netta id isaqaren cḥal id-tawi π (Pi). Mala nidared maṛṛa min d-ixtareɛ d min d-iktacef war ntslili amegrad-a.
Mamek immut Arxamides?
Yedder Arxamides 75 n iseggʷusa. Deg useggʷas n 212 zdat i Ɛisa, Arxamides tuɣa-t yessefsay ijn tmeslayt n tmatimatikt, war yessin ca illa Iṛumaniyen ḥewwsen tamurt-nnes, al ami i xas idd-yudef ijjen userdas d aṛumani itter zzag-s akis iraḥ ad iẓer ajiniral Marsilus. Arxamides yerra xaf-s inna-s aqa-yi ssefsayeɣ tameslayt-a raja-yi al ɣa kemleɣ (yerra xaf-s am netta yareccem ca n tqurariyin deg ijdi), twarrit-a wer das teɛjib ca i userdas aṛumani, manaya i t-yjjin ad yekkes ssif-nnes ad ineɣ Arxamides. Aneggaru n wawal i yenna Arxamides zdat ma ad yemmet : « war sxessaret ca tiqurariyen-inu ».
Talawin :


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Tira n Muḥemmed Inɛisa
Di min yeqqnen ɣer ddrama d wemsawal, di ca n texrazin ttuɣa ttaciɣ belli manayenni yuɛɛra aṭṭaṣ. Maca di ca n texrazin nneɣni ccɣer tuɣa-t naqeṣ cwayt. Mara war nniɣ yehwa qaɛ. Lebɛaḍ n yemsawalen yeɣleb x-asen umezgun, tettacid illa tetfurrujed deg umezgun maci di lmuselsel n ttelfaza (Ɛraḥar marra imsawaren n Idir d Kenza). X uɣezdis-nneɣni dinni ca n yemsawalen msaren, tettacid illa axmi imiraren ttrinaran ɛad x ddawr-nsen.
Zi tmesrayin umi rriɣ taynit, ttuɣa ssitimeɣ ad ilinit xir zi mamec tent-ẓriɣ :
– Amina rami i dd-terra lexbar illa Idir d mmi-s, aɣembub-nnes war ibeddel ca aṭṭaṣ, axmi d ca n lexbar yekka yeɛdu waha. Ura d Ṣareḥ lexbar-nni war t-ihezz ca aṭṭaṣ, danita ssawaleɣ x Samira Lmeṣluḥi d Mimun Zanun. Nessen mliḥ tizemmar-nsen timeqqranin di min yeqqnen ɣar ddrama.
– Lfilali d netta i yellan d apilar n Meɣriḍu, marra imeḍfaren tuɣa ttrajan ad ssnen min yeɛna ? Ma n leḥsabat i ɣar-s aked Buyfiran d Ɣancu ? Maca di texrazt taneggarut rami i dd-iban, war dd ibin bu s ca n jjehd i ɣa yejjen ameḍfar ad yaca s jjehd-nni tuɣa ɣar-s di Meɣriḍu amen yekmer.
– Kamira tuɣa tettarjiji aṭṭaṣ di ca n twalatin, waxxa min tuɣa dd-tkessi ibedd (Amecnaw tnayen n yewdan qqimen ssawalen di lbiru), bla ma ssiwleɣ x uqessi izellifen n yinni yessawallen deg waṭṭaṣ imuren. Lfiltrat uṣewwar i twasxedmen di Meɣriḍu ɛejben-ayi s waṭṭaṣ, lmusiqa , lmumettilin… Ɣar uneggaru xseɣ ad iniɣ belli min uriɣ x Meɣriḍu ḥesbem-t d lxezrat n ijj urifi tɛejb-as ijj n tmesract uca yura x-as, minzi dinni aṭṭas n tmesrayin zi min da dd-ssarseɣ izemmar a ɣar-sent yiri mayemmi. War ntettu belli Meɣriḍu itwaṣewwar ijj n wezyen-nnes qber i kuruna, azyen nneɣni di kuruna.


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Kulumbya
Tagduda n Kulumbya d tamurt tameqqrant ay d-yezgan deg ugafa n Temrikt n Wenẓul. Tajumma-nnes 1,141,748 km2 (yikilumitren imkuẓen). Zedɣen-tt 47;847;177 n yimezdaɣen (Ikulumbyanen).
Tarakalt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tamurt-a tesɛa ilel n Ikarbien deg ugafa. Seg utaram (lɣerb) tḥudd-itt-id Panama, seg ugafa (nord) akked wegmuḍ (ccerq), tḥudd-itt-id Venezuela akked Brazil. Seg wenẓul, tḥudd-itt-id Ecuador akked Peru. Anezwi (climat) n tmurt-a d agrawi (humide) deg wegmuḍ yerna d akiwan deg idurar.
Tasnaẓɣurt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Isem n tmurt n Kulumbya yekka-d seg isem n wawlal ameqqran Kristufuru Kulumbus neɣ (Cristóbal Colón) s tespanyulit, Christophorus Columbus s tlatinit. Yefka isem-agi af akk timura n umaḍal amaynut yellan ddaw leḥkem n Spanya i tikkelt tamezwarut agrawli n Venezuela Fransisku Miranda neɣ (Francisco de Miranda) s tespanyulit. Yuɣal d isem unṣib n Tagduda n Kulumbya deg useggas n 1886.


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Idya
I iman n Idya, tazzant ur ismdn umiyn n immas
Trgl sin isggawsn nns v tmazirt ad lli tval is tga tin nns, ar nn ttaÇ s tddminin n insi (bumHnd) d wuccn, ad didsn tmun v usddi (1) n tddmint nnsn, tasddit tumÇ v ultmas, imil tär Idya v uvras ur ta nn tlkm insi d wuccn da sis ittqqln.
v imi n urti n waäil, insi d wuccn tkcm tn tkssaä, tmaïl nn Idya, ilip aäu nns. Mar ad skrn ? iqqan d i tddmint nnsn ad tzzigz, ad tamÇ avaras n wallas mklli myarn, taddmint n wass ad tga tin Idya, amallas yumÇ imi nns, iqqn imi n wallas ar kiv d tpaäë Idya, acku taddmint ad tga tin nns, mac Idya lap tt, lap aäu nns, lap taäãa nns, lap tazdgt nns… Ivama d insi d wuccn ar tn isskwmr usmmiä.
Inna Insi i wuccn :
–Ur nÇäaë ad nkcm s urti bla Idya.
IssivÇin t uccn :
-Taddmit nv ur ar tssnti amr s lal nns.
Idya ar tbbag tddmint n insi d wucn, imil tccä täart nns tgllint v uvras,. Tmmav ad tnkr, macc tillas n tvÇnt ar tt kkatnt v udm nns, tmmav tgllint ad tsmd abrid nns, ad ur tëÇ awal lli tkfa i insi d wuccn ; ilkm tt id bavrar yaws i tvwÇnt.
Had baba d innas lliln tt id, iv tt yusi babas gr ifassn nns, tall tt innas s igiwal nns, mac » nggammi kwnt a lmAwnt » (2); bavrar yudd i tmazirt n Idya, tamazirt lli adlli tval is tga tin nns, imil taf d tayafut s ar ttqql iwin tt tvwÇnin n » ugadir n tvwÇnin » (3), fln tamazirt nns ar gis ittsuä waäu.
Inna Insi i wuccn :
– Is tssnt mad invan Idya ?
-Uhu a dadda.
-Tnva tt tamvart n babas n « Aica mmi yivd « (4).
Ur tmmut idya, is ka tkcm s umiyn n tmaçirt, tg vd nttat yan umiy da ttalsnt ist matnv i tarwa nv.
Çaheur lahcen
—————————————
- سلسلة
- Zv izli, talvat n iÇnÇarn « Gar azmz ».
- Yat tddmint tamazivt, tettyara v udlis » Muziya « , iffav d v 1994 .
- Taddmint- ad tettyara v udlis n » Aica mmi yivd , » iffav d v 2010


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Tafugla-a tella-d deg ukatar n yiseksal n usfugle n Umulli wis 60 n Uzarug Aɣelnaw yernu deffir ma yessenṣeb uselway Tebboune azemz n 4 Ɣuct d Ass Aɣelnaw n Tredsa Taɣelnawt Taɣerfant ay yellan d ass aydeg Taredsa n Uslelli Aɣelnaw teqqel d taredsa taɣelnawt.
D ajiniṛal n tredsa Said Chanegriha, aɣella n umaddad n Tredsa Taɣelnawt Taɣerfant, ay yemmugren aselway n tegduda, Abdelmadjid Tebboune, mi yewweḍ ɣer Twinest Taɣelnawt n Tredsa, sakkin terra-as yiwet n tsensirt n tredsa tajmilt i uselway.
Tafugla-a han deg-s uselway n Useqqamu n Uɣlan, aselway n Ugraw Aɣerfan Aɣelnaw, aselway n Tsenbert Tamenḍawant, aneɣlaf amenzu, isemtaren n uselway n tegduda, kra n yimaslaḍen n unabaḍ, ajiniṛal n tredsa, amenzaḍ n tiḍaf tigdudanin, awnetlay amatu n uɣlif n umzaɣ aɣelnaw, imenzaḍen n yiɣallen umrigen, amenzaḍ n temsetla taɣelnawt, iɣellaten n yigezda, inemhalen d yiɣellaten n yimeẓla ilemmasen n uɣlif n umzaɣ aɣelnaw d umaddad n Tredsa Taɣelnawt Taɣerfant, akked yikataren unnigen n uwanak, kra n wudmawen iɣelnawen d yimjahden, ɣer yidis n kra n yinebgiwen ay d-ɛerḍen akken ad asen-rren tajmilt, gar-asen kra n yimastaɣen n Tredsa Taɣelnawt Taɣerfant d-yefrurin seg Tredsa n Uslelli Aɣelnaw, kra n twaculin n yimeɣrusen n waɣan aɣelnaw, imeɛdaṛ d yimagusen imeqranen n tredsa iderwen deg umennuɣ mgal tremɣa.


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d tidet? niɣ ttḥeccen x-aneɣ? minzi ɣa nessen ineɣmisen ma d tidet?
Mkul ass ttaryen-dd ɣar Internet ruruf n ineɣmisen, tizemmimin (Posts) d ibidyuten. Ma d ineɣmisen n tidet, ma d ixarriqen/icettiḥen waha? ammu i ɣa tesnem.
Jjurnal n umaḍal!
Min nettaf di facebook, Twitter niɣ min d-sqadan di whatsapp, ɣir ad day-s tcekkem drust waha, ksi zzag‑s tnayn tlata n iwalen sars‑it di Google:
Ma fsarent jjurnalat imeqranen? niɣ issiwel xaf‑s ca n tribisyun n ca n tmurt?
Ma yenna xaf‑s ḥedd ktar zi min tufid deg uneɣmis‑nni?
Melmi i d-yemmers uneɣmis twalat tamzegarut? Wadji zeɛma d aqdim?
Tzemmared ad turzud x ijurnalisten di Facebook ad ten-tesseqsid, mamek tzemmard ad tesqaded tabrat di facebook i ca n ujurnal d ameqran, ttilin ɣer‑sen ixeddamen kellfen s tebratin n facebook d tarezzut x tidet n ineɣmisen.
Sizdi tala.
Malla wer tufid ca di Google, xzer mliḥ aneɣmis‑nni manis i dd‑yemmeksi, d wi t id-yefsern.
- cḥal zegʷami yella ɣer‑s leḥsab di facebook niɣ Twitter …?
- min ttuɣa d ifesser qbel, ma d tidet, ma marra d ixarriqen waha ?
- cḥal nyewdan i yefsaren (partajan) min yura? min ɛnan yenni?
- leḥsab-nni ma s yisem nican d teswirt? ma ɣer‑s tareccin tazegzawt n facebook? wi ɣer‑s deg imeddukal?
Xmi ittiri leḥsab n Facebook niɣ n Twitter d amaynu (d jdid) ɣer‑s drust n imḍeffaren, ssen belli ixessa ad tawyed ḥadur, minzi s ilesawen nniḍen am teglanzit d tefransit yedja (« Social Bot »), d ijjen uprugram izemmaren ad isenneɛ ineɣmisen ad ten-yefser, mani ɛad d min umi izemmer bnadm!
mara aneɣmis yeqqen ɣar ca n Site, ixessa site-nni ad iban d amezdag, wer day-s ca arriklam yujar ineɣmisen d imegrad (articles).
tarezzut x ineɣmisen n weydud niɣ n tussna, tzemmard ad turzud s irsawen nniḍen umi tessned x uneɣmis-nni, ɛad kṭar ineɣmisen n tussna, ttwafsaran s waṭṭas n tutlayin, deg waṭṭas n tmura, maca waxxa amenni, ixessa ad irin deg ijurnalen yettwassnen.
Ttṣawar d ibidyuten.
Ttṣawar azyen ameqran-nsen wer ttirin ca ɛedlen niɣ beddren, maca ttawyen‑ten‑dd deg umkan urid nsen. Ad tettafed yessawal x uɣewweɣ di ca n tmurt, s ttṣawar n ca n tmurt nniḍen.
google deg uprugram‑nnes « Google lense » niɣ direct di « Google images » tzemmarm ad zzag‑s turzum x tteswirt, ad tjebdem melmi d mani qaɛ i tettwafser.
Ibidyuten ra d nitni zemmern ad day-sen beddlen awal, niɣ a dag‑sen qessen ad slesqen, di tarezzut, tzemmarem ad teksim ijen tewlaft zi bidyu-nni (screenshot) ad tt-teggem di google lense, niɣ « Google images » mamek tzemmarem ad tesxedmem aprugram n Amnesty yarezzun x ibidyuten.


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D asemtar n uselway n tegduda d-yelhan s wassaɣen uffiɣen, Mass Abdelhafidh Allahoum, ay d-yeṭṭfen yiwet n tfelwit d-yettgensisen tamaneɣt d umayu n uqusis n Muludeyya n Zzayer s yisem n Abdelmadjid Tebboune d umḍan 100 ay d-tettzumulen amulli n uqusis-a. D a aselway n uqusis, Messaoudi Turki, ay as-t-yefkan.
Iha, deg tfugla-a, uneɣlaf n tillumẓa d waddal, Abderrazak Sebgag, aneɣlaf n yimjahden d yimttalasen, Laid Rebigua akked uneɣlaf n usislem d ufares asiselman, Hicham Sofiane Salawatchi.
I usmekti, aqusis n Muludeyya n Zzayer yella yessefk ad yesfugel amulli-nnes wis 2021, maca iwexxer iseksal-nnes ɣef lǧal n tkaɣreft n Covid-19.


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Sebɛa n yiwdan iggur ad sseɛdan abeṭṭuy n uḥeqqeq di Fransa, ass-a n larbeɛ. D manaya i d-tewiya France Presse. Ttuhmet-nnsen teqqen ɣer tmenɣiwt n usermad Samuel Paty.
Zi sebɛa-nni zzag-sen tnayen n iwdan d imeẓẓyanen ɛad. Qqaren x-asen qa menɛen ttmenyat zeg wenni ig inɣin, maḥend ad as-mmlen aselmad mayen iɛna. Aked ubabat n ijjen tmeḥḍart, i d-ihejmen x usermad, rni x-as ijjen ddaɛiya d ameɣrabi qqaren-as Ɛebdelḥakim Ssefriwi. D tlata n imeddukal n uḥenjir-nni, qqaren ila nitni i t-iɛawen. Ɛebdelḥakim Ssefriwi d ijjen uxwanji izwar-as igga taseḍma n « ccix Yasin » di Fransa. Ttuɣa-t di Lmuɣrib aked ukabar n PJD.


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Tiwezwizin timeẓẓyanin, maca xaf‑sent awal yemɣar, aṭṭas xaf‑sent yurin di jurnalat n umaḍal, deg iyuren yeɛdun, aṭṭas yurin: « imerzuten ufin belli anict n min yellan n mikro‑Plastik di Lebḥurat yiweḍ di mani wer yiwiḍ ɛemmars ». ad yili iheddec? Imerzuten ttafen-t di marra tiziyyatin n waman i yettmenzan. ixenni, tareccinin‑a n Plastik d tidt xaṭar x yewdan d tmurt? iseqsan‑a d waṭṭas n iseqsan nneɣni, aneg tizemmar a xaf‑sen nssiwel danita.
Mermi tarra Taynit ddunect i Tmeslayt‑a?
Deg 1997 yekkes ubeḥri d umeɣnas n Twennaḍt (l »envirenment) « Charles Moore » tallest x wefraḍ i yellan di lebḥar n Pasifik. Tiḥeryaḍin n lebḥer d tesfay-nes, ggint di lebḥer‑a jjiht iwalan Haway ict tzerbeit n wefraḍ, ad tegg tlata zi fransa. ca n 80.000 ṭun, min yejjin Moore wer yehni: jar tiziyyatin n Plastik, d bursat, iqedduḥen, din ra d Plastik yefruryen!
Min yeɛna Mikro‑Plastik?
Min yufa Charles Moore di lweqt-nni, qqaren‑as ass‑a Mikro-Plastik, d Plastik i yellan di lgedran niɣ leɛber-nnes zi 0.1 mikromitru, ar 5 milimitru, amenni i tettwala (Efsa) (European Food Safety Authority). mamc din wi iḥessben ra d Plastik yuzzren d Mikro‑Plastik, minzi ttwalan izemmar ad yegg iɛebẓan am zzit deg uceffay‑.
Manis i dd-itas Mikro‑Plastik?
Tijarrarin, tisi n tssira, d Polistir.
Kṭar zi 40% n Mikro Plastik umi tyura di Tmurt niɣ deg ugama (nature), ittekk-dd zi min n nesxeddam di Tudert-neɣ, am tjarrarin n ṭṭumibinat, niɣ Tisira, s uḥekki akd webrid. Polistir ra d netta xmi yettsebban, ittekkes zzag-s Mikro-Plastik ittekk aked waman di lmejra. Marra manaya ijebd-it-idd Usinaɣ (institut) n Frauenhofer (UMSICHT) deg ijen tɣuri tegg-itt di 2018.
Wer yeḍhar manis!
Imarezzuten ufin ca n arbeɛ n Mikro‑Plastik wer yessin ɛad ḥed manis i dd-ittekk!
Afraḍ d firmat, d Lebni d ca nniḍn!
Aṭṭas n Mikro‑Plastik i dd-ittekken zeg wefraḍ n lebni, am Mika i itteftuttuyen, mamec ɛawed aṭṭas n Firmat tarrant afraḍ ɣer lemjari n waman, niɣ neṭṭrent waha mani ma, uca ittadef di Tmurt.
Kosmetik, ssabun n usebben!
Din ijen umenɣi yemɣar jar tmesmunin n ḥeṭṭu n Twennaḍt (l »envirenment) d Firmat i ittsennɛen Makiyaj, d min ɣer‑s yeqnen. Minzi Firmat‑a sxeddament Mikro‑Plastik ɛemden di min ttsennɛen. mamc ttɣellfen sselɛett-nsen ɛawed di Plastik, itteftuttuyen ɣer uneggar, yeddakk°al d Mikro‑Plastik!
Di ssabun n usebben tteggent day-s Firmat ḥima ataf itḥekkak niɣ ixebbec min ixes utarras a zay-s isebben, ittban-dd am yejdi waha, d wenni i tteggen ra di ca n yeklusa n ssabun ttḥekkan zzay-s udem (peeling), niɣ Jil n udewwec i yellan d aḥarcaw!
Pintura, Fruta, Arruḍ
Mikro‑Plastik tteggen‑t di Pintura, Arruḍ ura d netta, mamc nettaf aṭṭas n Fruta i dd-ittasen zi berra, tteggen‑as zzay-s taqcurt d tazdadt ḥima a das-agg°jen ibeɛɛac!
Cḥal qaɛ n Mikro‑Plastik i yellan di Tmurt?
Lebḥer n wagrakal (méditerranée) i yellan yallah d 1% zi min day-s di tmurt d aman, nettaf day-s 7% n mikro-plastik n ddunect!, ijen wanict, wer t-ufin imerzuten ura deg yijen lebarar 1,25 mlyun n iwezwizen n Plastik di km². anict uya, a t-idd-tennḍed rebɛa n twalatin i min yellan di Pazifik.
95% n wefraḍ day-s di lebḥer acemlal d Plastik. ittas-d zi Tturk d Seppaniya, Ataryar, Misra, d Franṣa! ɛlaḥsab tarezzut n WWF .
Manis ittekk wefraḍ ɣer lebḥer?!
Cḥal ɣa yesseɣli qaɛ lebḥar‑a? mkur km² days 46000 iwezwizen n Plastik, Mkur asegg°as ttmarnin ɣer-sen 7 melyun Ṭun!
Lebḥer acemlal timuwwa-nnes marra zedɣent. a s-tinid wer ɣer-s mani ɣa ifarreɣ, suyenni i day-s ittɣima. Azyen ameqqran n wefraḍ day-s nettaf lesbab-nnes d mamek xeddment Firmat ijemmɛen afraḍ di Tmura‑ya, iɣarruba ikessin afraḍ sneqqasen s tnuffra di Lebḥer, d min ittmendaran s tnuffra deg iɣezran.
Plastik deg iselman.
18% n iselman n Watun d Busif id yemmarn ibeḥriyen zi lebḥer acemlal, ufin dag‑s Plastik deg uɛeddis, din ɛad iselman i di ufin ca n ccimyu d aɛeffan aṭṭas deg wadan.
Minzi ittzuzzara qaɛ Mikro‑Plastik?!
Aman, Asemmiḍ, Ckumbru.
Aman d uṣemmiḍ kessin Mikro‑Plastik. Asemmiḍ ikessi iserseq n tjarrarin dg ibriden, anzar iqelleɛ‑it-idd tettawi‑t lḥemlet. Aman i netarra ɣer Lmejra di Tudrin ssak°aḍen-t ɣer iqudas, uca manima yuran ad farɣen ad tessiwḍen din. mara aman n iquḍas ssizeḍyan‑ten, qa a dasn yeɛdu di Lfilter kṭar zi 10%.
Taɣlalt, ɣamba, Aslem!
Cḥal n wefraḍ i ittɣiman di tmurt d cḥal i ttyuran di Lebḥar, imesnawen qqaren belli jar 2% d 47%, manayenni yeqqen ɣer leqwam n tmura d mamec din segguren tazdugi. lami ufin la d taɣlalt day-s Plastik tecci-t, ɣamba amen tenni, Mikro‑Plastik tyura‑as di Stumaɣu n iselman, mala wer tyenɣi, qa a t-necc neccin!
Xaṭar x sseḥḥet?
WHO. tegga 50 n tɣuriwin x Mikroplastik deg waman n tissit, zi tziyyatin n waman ittmenzan, d waman n tsebbarin. nnan « anict n min day-s Mikro‑Plastik deg waman n tissit ittban-dd belli wer yeddari ca sseḥḥet, minzi yujar 0.15 Milimit, zemmaren wadan-nneɣ a t-ḥazen. maca ufin min yellan damzyan x Mikro‑Plastik, wenni umi qqarn Nano‑plastik, izemmar ad ihlek iwdan. »
manaya aṭṭas n imesnawn ixaf‑s dyarrin, nnan belli xessen‑t tarezzutin nniḍen, tarezzutin di min izemmar ad yegg qaɛ mikro‑Plastik di ddat n bnadem.
Efsa. Tarezzu di min iẓemmar akid‑s yeksi Mikro‑Plastik qaɛ zeg waṭṭan, minzi netta Mikro Plastik izemmar a days-yili baktirya. d ca n ccimi i izemmarn ad yehlek iwdan s uxenzir.
I neccin, min nzemmer a negg?
- Baceklit deg umkan n Tumubin, isneqqas iserseq n Plastik deg ibriden ineffeɛ ra d lhawa
- wer neṭṭer Afraḍ manima! mkur taziyyat n wefraḍ i ɣa tenderd di zzenqet, ad tedwel d Mikro‑plastik! Afraḍ di lbidu n wefrad!
cwayt n ḥeṭṭu deg usewweq yessbeḥ, a nessenqes zi min ittmenzan di Plastik. akid-neɣ nkessi tacyart di dd-ɣa nttegg leḥwayej. Deg umkan ma a netter mika i bab n tḥanut. tissit ɛawd, wer din manaḥsen zi zzaj. timeslayin nniḍen am tinni n usebben d usird niɣ n Kosmetik, malla dag‑sen « Polyethylen » qa yexs ad yini belli d Mikro‑Plastik!
A nessermed tarwa-nneɣ ad tthellan di Tmurt-nsen d sseḥḥet-nsen.
wenni i ttexsen Tammurt nes, wer t‑itwessix


text:
Tenna-dd Sanae Mudid, weltma-s n Acraf Mudid, anecruf iettwaṭṭfen x lḥirak n Arrif. Belli uma-s ttuɣa irezzu ad ineɣ ixef-nnes ass n letnin 17 ɣuct di leḥbes n Selwan. Terni tenna belli uma-s injem zi lmewt zegga ttuɣa yeswa javil. Asurif-a i yegga Acraf yus-dd awerni ẓẓeyyar d uweddeb i x-as ittegg unemhal n leḥbes n Selwan.
Amek nessen ila Acraf Mudid zeg inecraf min xef ḥekmen s ɛicrin issgusa n leḥbes.
Tenna-dd Sanae Mudid, weltma-s n Acraf Mudid, anecruf iettwaṭṭfen x lḥirak n Arrif. Belli uma-s ttuɣa irezzu ad ineɣ ixef-nnes ass n letnin 17 ɣuct di leḥbes n Selwan. Terni tenna belli uma-s injem zi lmewt zegga ttuɣa yeswa javil. Asurif-a i yegga Acraf yus-dd awerni ẓẓeyyar d uweddeb i x-as ittegg unemhal n leḥbes n Selwan.


text:
Tizumbiyin
Tizumbiyin (Assaɣ ussnan: Pinophyta) d ad-adur n yimɣan yeṭṭafaren adur n tnifsanin igan d amur seg yimɣan igranen. Dɣa tga d asmil meqqren wis sin deg tegrawt n yimɣan inifsanen seld n tmesdurifsanin.
Tilmas timezdayin yakk s waṭas deg wad-adur-a gant d: taydiwin, idgel, Tawment, Tumert, Tsuga, Tumert n Douglas, Larix, Tiddi, Taqqa, Araucaria, Agathis, Podocarpus yakk d yigni.
Tizumbiyin daruɣ (meḥsub) ttemɣayen-tt-d deg yakk ideggan n umadal. Yerna d nutenti i yettilin yakk d timezdayin ugar n telmas niden deg twennaṭin-nsent. Maca anecta ur yegdil ara tanegra n wamur ameqran n telmas-is seg tallit tasisfant, anda anagar n 650 n telmas n tzumbiyin kan i mazal ur ngirent ara ar tura.


text:
Tenna tamawst n usegmi anamur di Nnaḍur ila iggur ad sbedden tɣuri di Tlata n tmezgidawin. Zeg wass n larbeɛ 30 ɣuct, ar ɣa ɛdan 14 n wussan. Manaya di tnayen n temzgidawin n tɣuri n ttmenyat d ijjen lkulij nniḍen. Iggur ad fesren x wass i di ɣa dewlen ad ɣren di simana-ya tanita.
Tenna tamehla n usegmi di Nnaḍur, ila tamezgida n Rrisala 2 d Lmada ufin kuruna di tnayen n tmeḥḍarin d ict tselmadt. Di min iqqnen ɣer Lkulij n Ṭariq Ben Ziyad, ufin Kuruna deg ijjen tselmadt. Xenni di Lkulij-a wa ggin dag-s aselmed s lagg°aj.
Ittas-d manaya, d Lmuɣrib ɛad ittzemmam kul twalat aṭṭas n nnumrawat s imehlak n Kuruna. Mani wer d-ittbin ca ila di ladas zemmren ad qḍan x lehlak-a. Γir mala tettwaf ca n bakuna di ladas.


text:
Mi yesselwi uneɣlaf, s usarag n teẓrit, yiwen n usarag aɣelnaw s tihawt n yikataren n tedbelt talemmast, inemhalen n usegmi, iwnetlayen imuta d yiɣellaten n yigezda deg tmehliwin n usegmi, iwekked-d dakken tuqqla taɣurbizt ay d-itteddun ad tili d « tasurfant deg wayen yerzan tiɣawsiwin timaynutin ara d-yilin deg ugzum n usegmi, yernu iger-d tiɣri i usmuteg d imdeqqeq, tihawt deg unrar d wugar n teɣḍeft », ɣef wakken ay d-yerna uɣbalu-a.
I lmend n waya, yumeṛ ikataren d-yelhan s uḍfar d usnas n yisemtar n usarag aɣelnaw ay d-yellan ussan n 12 d 13 Yulyu yezrin yernu ad kemmlen aḍfar n temhal ay asen-yettwawekklen.
I lmend n waya, yenna-d dakken yessefk ad yili « usmuteg d usɣiwes yelhan » i tuqqla taɣurbizt n 2022-2023 s uḍman dakken timṣukin timaynutin ad zerkent tigna yessefken uqbel akk ad ttwareẓment yernu tasmilt taɣlifant d-yelhan s tmeṣkiwt n yiɣsuren isegmanen ad temlilt deg tɣemlilt tafeɣnamit gar 24 Ɣuct d 6 Ctembeṛ 2022.


text:
TAMURT – Ussan-agi di tfaska n yennayer 2971, walaɣ, ɣriɣ deg igrawen fcb n iqbayliyen anda kra deg imeɣnasen n umussu n timunent, atg,… wten-d deg usbaddi n ugellid n Cacnaq di tlemmast n tiɣremt n Tizi Wezzu.
Nnan-k : « Amek agellid n Cacnaq illan d Aliby (libyen), acu ara d-yawin ad tesbedden di tmurt taqbaylit » ? Imeɣnasen am wigi ar ɣur-sen: « ilaq ad ttnegzem meṛṛa d watmaten-nneɣ imaziɣen n Tmazɣa ».
Tura, ilaq a nesseqsi iman-nneɣ, akken nella s Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin : « Ma ayen bnan imeɣnasen n 1949, ayen yebna wegraw n Imaziɣen deg iseggasen n 60/70, atg,…ayen i bnan, widak akk i iqedcen di MCB (mouvement culturel berbere) deg wennar zzatr n učamar n uḍabu « aɛrab ineslem n usekka » azayri ; irgazen d tlawin i yeqqublen tamsulta tamhersant tazayrit akken ad kksen ddel d miḥyaf ɣef tnekkit d tutlayt n teqbaylit d tamaziɣt seg asmi lzayer tamhersant tewwi
timunent , imeɣnasen-a akken llan, sebblen iman-nsen, nsent akken azekka n uqbayli, n umaziɣ, ursen- yettuɣal ara d aẓekka.
Tura, ilaq imeɣnasen agi i izrɛen tikta-ya n ufaruq ger iqbayliyen d imaziɣen nniḍen, ma s lebbɣi-nsen-kan neɣ s win n unabaḍ aqbayli uɛdil n MAK ? neɣ diɣen akked d wid nniḍen, atg,… ? Neɣ ahat s yiman-nsen-kan i tthuddun (déconstruction) ayen i bnan imezwura-nneɣ si mas Ali Lɛimeche ar mas Bennai Waɛli d yemddukal-nsen meṛṛa (amkan-nsen di talwit), ayen bnan, uzzlen, zerɛen yergazen d tlawin n Wegraw n Imaziɣen ar uqerruy-is mas Dda Muḥend Aɛrab Bessaoud (amkan-is di talwit), ad ittwattu, ad ittwaḍegger am zzibya, ar uḍummu ? Init-d amek ara nxedmet tura ?
Nekk, akken walaɣ d ccɣel-agi i deg d-lhan, mi ɣriɣ, walaɣ tiwlafini d publiyin kra n imeɣnasen d tmeɣnasin n imussuten n timunent n iqbayliyen ; d ayen i yi-swehmen, armi ula d nnefs deg-i ineqdɛa mi ten-walaɣ s wallen-iw. Nekk i tmuɣli-inu, ilaq d lferḥ ara ferḥen Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin, akken llan imi yewweḍ-d wass armi id- yeḍra usrusu n asbded (statut) n ugellid n imaziɣen deg wennar anida 40 n iseggasen ɣer deffir, Iqbayliyen d teqbayliyin, tikelt tamenzut deg umezruy n Tmazɣa, ffɣen-d ar beṛṛa akken ad suɣen, ad ddun akken ad sutren izerfan-nsen ɣef ayen yaɛnan tinekkit d tutlayt d yedles mgal aḍabu « aɛrab-ineslem n usekka » azayri amharsen i yekkaten amek ara yessengar ayla-nsen. Wagi d ayen i wumi nessawal segimiren : « Tafsut n imaziɣen » (printemps berbere), xas akken tafsut-agi d Iqbayliyen-kan id tt-ixedmen, i gefkan idmaren-nsen s ulac akken ad d-inin : »berka-aɣ miḥyaf mgal tutlayt, d yedles, d tnekkit nneɣ ».
Nekk wi-yicban, d ameɣnas seg widak yennuḍḥen deg wennar ar tama n Dda Muḥend Aɛrab (amkan-is di talwit), d widak akk merṛa yellan yid-s di
talit nni. Ass-a, iɣaḍ-iyi lḥal nezzeh imi kra wayen i nexdem, i naɛteb, i nezraɛ kren-d widak i yebɣan ad t-hudden akken ad ẓẓun ayen bɣan nutni. Yernu a ken-d-inɣ a tagmatt : Yal Aqbayli d Teqbaylit, akken bɣunt ilint tiktiwin-nsen, ttuqaddarent, ad qqimen d atmaten-nneɣ, maca atmaten-agi ilaq ad ilin seg « widak i ibennun, mačči seg widak i itthuddun ».
*( Dda Muḥend Aɛrab inna deg awal-is : « Nekk Muqleɣ kra n wanda akken ɣelḍen, neɣ sxesren imazɣanen n 1949, ḥudreɣ akken ur ɣelliɣ ara deg-s ».
Hand Berkouk


text:
Iwali uneɣlaf amezwaru belli aɛewwel s wudem unṣib ɣef ufares adigan deg temsalt n iyefsan (zzerriɛat), netta d acqirrew niɣ asrus d ameqran, yessfek ɣef wegzum asdukkel n ussisen i wawwaḍ ɣer usedder n usirem-a.
Tesɛa tabanka-a semmus (5) n texamin rzant iyefsan (zzerriɛat) n yimɣan ijinen n yiɣersiwen, twaemsslent tiwtilin timaynutin, daɣ matta yeqqnen ɣer tazɣelt d wegri,bac ad d-ḥafeḍen fell-asen.
Deffir n ma d yeẓẓunẓẓu uneɣlaf amezwaru tabanka-a, iga tuzzya deg tanefsart yetwaggen s lmunasbet-a, mani yessɣed ɣer ifessiren i d-fkan yinemhalen n megerrad n yisuda ikerrazanen deg temnaḍin tineẓgatin d tineẓrufanin akked takessawt (asegzu n yiɣersiwen).


text:
Intro
Sommaire
1 Imi aṭas i gebdan tira ɣef wayen yedṛan gar-aneɣ,
2 akken i ɣ-t-id ɛawden wid yellan d inigan si tazwara, iwalan kullec s wallen-nsen ; uɣalen d iqeddacen n wawal n Sidi Ṛebbi.
3 Steqsaɣ ula d nekk akken ilaq ɣef wayen akk yedṛan seg wass amezwaru, ufiɣ d ayen yelhan a k-t-id aruɣ a Tawfilus,
4 iwakken aț-țissineḍ tideț ɣef wayen i tesliḍ meṛṛa.
Lexbaṛ n tlalit n Yeḥya
5 Di zzman n Hiṛudus,* agellid n tmurt n Yahuda, yella yiwen n lmuqeddem* si tejmaɛt n Abya, isem-is Zakarya. Tameṭṭut-is Ilicaba, seg izuṛan n Haṛun*.
6 D iḥeqqiyen i llan i sin, ḥerzen yerna ḍuɛen awal n Sidi Ṛebbi.
7 Ur sɛin ara dderya, meqqṛit i sin di leɛmeṛ yerna Ilicaba ț-țiɛiqeṛt.
8 Mi d-tewweḍ nnuba n leqdic n wedrum n Zakarya di lǧameɛ iqedsen*
9 akken i tella di lɛadda n lmuqedmin,* gren tasɣaṛt, tṣaḥ-ed Zakarya iwakken ad ikcem ɣer wemkan iqedsen* ad isseṛɣ lebxuṛ.
10 Mi gella isseṛɣay lebxuṛ di lǧameɛ, lɣaci meṛṛa yeqqimen di beṛṛa deɛɛun ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi.
11 Iḍheṛ-as-d yiwen lmelk* n Sidi Ṛebbi, ibedd ɣer tama tayeffust n udekkan-nni* anda sseṛɣayen lebxuṛ.
12 Mi t-iwala Zakarya, yedhec ikcem-it lxuf.
13 Lmelk-nni yenna yas -ed : Ur țțagad ara a Zakarya, ayen i tessutreḍ ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi yețwaqbel. Tameṭṭut-ik Ilicaba ad a k-d-tesɛu aqcic, a s-tsemmiḍ Yeḥya.
14 Aț-țfeṛḥeḍ yis, a k-yili d sebba n sseɛd ; imdanen meṛṛa ad feṛḥen s tlalit-is.
15 Ad yesɛu ccan d ameqqran ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi, a d-iččaṛ d Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen* si tɛebbuṭ n yemma-s, ur itess ccṛab, ur itess ayen nniḍen isekkṛen.
16 A d-yerr aṭas n wat Isṛail ɣer webrid n Sidi Ṛebbi.
17 Ad ilḥu s leɛnaya n Sidi Ṛebbi, s ṛṛuḥ ț-țezmert n nnbi Ilyas. Ad issemlil imawlan d warraw-nsen, a d-yerr wid ijehlen ɣer webrid n iḥeqqiyen, akken ad iheggi i Sidi Ṛebbi agdud ara t-iḍuɛen.
18 Zakarya yenna i lmelk : Amek ara ɛeqleɣ belli ayen akka i d-tenniḍ ț-țideț ? Nekk d amɣaṛ, ula ț-țameṭṭut-iw meqqṛet di leɛmeṛ !
19 Lmelk-nni yerra-yas-d : Nekk d Jebrayil, d aqeddac n Sidi Ṛebbi ; usiɣ-ed s ɣuṛ-es iwakken a k-d-awiɣ lexbaṛ-agi n lxiṛ.
20 Lameɛna imi ur tumineḍ ara s yimeslayen-iw atan aț-țeggugmeḍ, ur d-ițeffeɣ ara wawal seg yimi-k alamma d asmi ara d-yedṛu wannect-agi. Meɛna ḥṣu belli ayen akka i k-d-nniɣ ad yedṛu deg wass-is.
21 Lɣaci-nni yețṛaǧun Zakarya deg ufrag, wehmen acuɣeṛ iɛeṭṭel deg umkan iqedsen n lǧameɛ.
22 Mi d-iffeɣ, yeggugem, ur izmir ara a d-yessufeɣ awal ; lɣaci-nni fehmen belli iweḥḥa-yas-ed kra Sidi Ṛebbi. Yebda ițwehhi-yasen-d s ifassen-is, yeqqim d agugam.
23 Mi kfan wussan n lxedma-s di lǧameɛ, Zakarya yuɣal ɣer wexxam-is.
24 Ɛeddan kra n wussan, tameṭṭut-is Ilicaba terfed tadist ; dɣa tesseḥjeb iman-is xemsa wagguren, teqqaṛ :
25Atan Sidi Ṛebbi yerra-d ddehn-is ɣuṛ-i, ikkes-iyi lɛib zdat yemdanen.
Lexbaṛ n tlalit n Sidna Ɛisa
26 Aggur wis sețța, Sidi Ṛebbi iceggeɛ-d lmelk Jebrayil ɣer taddart n Naṣaret, di tmurt n Jlili.
27 Iceggeɛ-it-id ɣer yiwet n tlemẓit i gexḍeb yiwen wergaz isem-is Yusef, yellan seg izuṛan n Sidna Dawed. Tilemẓit-agi isem-is Meryem.
28 Ikcem lmelk ɣuṛ-es yenna-yas : Sslam fell-am a tin iburek Sidi Ṛebbi ! Sidi Ṛebbi yella yid-em.
29 Meryem tedhec, tenna : D acu i d lmeɛna n imeslayen agi ?
30 Lmelk yenna-yas : Ur țțaggad ara a Meryem ! S ṛṛeḥma-s tameqqrant, Sidi Ṛebbi yextaṛ-ikem.
31 Atan aț-țrefdeḍ tadist, a d-tesɛuḍ aqcic, semmi-yas Ɛisa, (yeɛni : « Amsellek »)
32 Ad yesɛu ccan d ameqqran, ad ițțusemmi Mmi-s n Sidi Ṛebbi ɛlayen. Sidi Ṛebbi a t-yerr d agellid akken i t-yella Sidna Dawed, yiwen si lejdud-is.
33 Ad iḥkem ɣef tarwa n Yeɛqub i dayem, tageldit-is* ur tfennu ara.
34 Meryem tenna i lmelk-nni : Amek ara d-idṛu yid-i wayagi nekk ur nezwiǧ ara ?
35 Lmelk yerra-yas : Atan a d-yers fell-am Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen ; tazmert n Sidi Ṛebbi ɛlayen a kem-tɣumm am tili, daymi aqcic-agi imqeddes ara d-ilalen ad ițțsemmi « Mmi-s n Ṛebbi ».
36 Ilicaba i m-ițțilin, ula d nețțat ațan s tadist a d-tesɛu aqcic ɣas akken meqqṛet di leɛmeṛ. Tin akken iwumi semman tiɛiqeṛt, ațan deg waggur wis sețța,
37 imi ulac wayen iwumi ur izmir Sidi Ṛebbi.
38 Meryem tenna : Aql-i ț-țaqeddact n Sidi Ṛebbi, ad idṛu yid-i wayen i d-tenniḍ. Imiren Lmelk-nni yeǧǧa-ț, iṛuḥ.
Meryem terzef ɣer Ilicaba
39 Deg wussan-nni, Meryem tekker tṛuḥ s lemɣawla ɣer yiwet n taddart yellan deg idurar n tmurt n Yahuda.
40 Tekcem ɣer wexxam n Zakarya, tsellem ɣef Ilicaba.
41 Akken i tesla Ilicaba i sslam n Meryem, yefrawes llufan yellan di tɛebbuṭ-is ; imiren teččuṛ d Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen,
42 tɛeggeḍ tenna : A Meryem, tețțubarkeḍ ger tilawin meṛṛa, ițțubarek daɣen win yellan di tɛebbuṭ-im.
43 D acu-yi, iwakken a d-terzef ɣuṛ-i yemma-s n Ssid-iw ?
44 Akken kan i sliɣ i sslam-im, llufan yellan di tɛebbuṭ-iw yefrawes s lfeṛḥ.
45 T-taseɛdit kemm yumnen s wayen i m-d-yenna Sidi Ṛebbi !
46 Meryem tenna : Taṛwiḥt-iw teḥmed Sidi Ṛebbi,
47 ul-iw yeččuṛ d lfeṛḥ imi d nețța i d amsellek-iw,
48 axaṭer iwala-yi-d nekk taqeddact-is tameɣbunt ur nesɛi azal. Sya d asawen si lǧil ɣer lǧil a yi-qqaṛen : « t-taseɛdit »,
49 imi Sidi Ṛebbi Bab n tezmert, yexdem yis-i ayen issewhamen. Isem-is d imqeddes.
50 Ṛṛeḥma-s tețdum si lǧil ɣer lǧil ɣef wid akk i t-iḍuɛen.
51 Isken-ed tazmert n yiɣil-is, isseɛṛeq iberdan i wid yețzuxxun ;
52 yessers-ed imeqqranen seg imukan eɛlayen, yerfed wid yețwaḥeqṛen
53 yesseṛwa-yasen leṛẓaq i wid yelluẓen, ma d imeṛkantiyen yerra-ten ifassen d ilmawen.
54 Isellek tarwa n wat Isṛail yellan d iqeddacen-is, ur ițțu ara Ṛṛeḥma-s,
55 i gewɛed i Sidna Ibṛahim d warraw-is i dayem akken i t-yenna i lejdud-nneɣ.
56 Meryem teqqim ɣer Ilicaba azal n tlata wagguren d wamek i tuɣal ɣer taddart-is.
Talalit n Yeḥya d ṭṭhaṛa-ines*
57 Yewweḍ-ed lweqt i deg ara d-tarew Ilicaba, tesɛa-d aqcic.
58 Imawlan-is d lǧiran-is feṛḥen aṭas mi slan s ṛṛehma i d-issers fell-as Sidi Ṛebbi.
59 Mi wwḍen tmanya n wussan ɣef weqcic-nni, usan-d a s-sḍehṛen, bɣan a s-semmin s yisem n baba-s : Zakarya.
60 Dɣa tenṭeq-ed yemma-s tenna-yasen : Xaṭi ! A s-nsemmi Yeḥya !
61 Nnan-as : Ula d yiwen deg wedrum-nwen ur yesɛi isem-agi.
62 Steqsan baba-s s uwehhi amek yebɣa ad isemmi i mmi-s.
63 Issuter asen-d talwiḥt, yura-yasen-d deg-s : « Yeḥya i d isem-is ». Dɣa wehmen meṛṛa.
64 Imiren kan iserreḥ yiles-is, yebda iheddeṛ, yețḥemmid Ṛebbi ițcekkiṛ-it.
65 Imezdaɣ n lǧiha-nni meṛṛa wehmen, tɛeǧǧben. Deg idurar n tmurt n Yahuda țmeslayen akk ɣef wayen yedṛan.
66 Wid akk yeslan imeslayen-nni, ḥerzen-ten deg wulawen-nsen, qqaṛen : d acu ara d-iffeɣ weqcic-agi ? Axaṭer s tideț afus n Sidi Ṛebbi yella fell-as.
67 Zakarya, baba-s n weqcic-nni, iččuṛ d Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen, icar-ed s imeslayen-agi :
68Ad ițțubarek Sidi Ṛebbi, Illu n wat Isṛail imi d-yerra ddehn-is ɣer wegdud-is iwakken a t-isellek.
69 Yefka-yaɣ-d yiwen wemsellek d ameqqran seg izuṛan n Sidna Dawed aqeddac-is,
70 am akken i t-id-ixebbeṛ Sidi Ṛebbi si zzman iɛeddan, seg yimi n lenbiya iqedsen :
71 Ad yili d amsellek ara ɣ-imenɛen seg yiɛdawen-nneɣ, si ger ifassen n wid akk i ɣ-ikeṛhen.
72 Isbeggen ṛṛeḥma-s i lejdud-nneɣ, yemmekta-d lemɛahda-s iqedsen
73 i gefka i jeddi-tneɣ Sidna Ibṛahim.
74 M’ara nețțusellek seg ufus n yeɛdawen-nneɣ, a neɛbed Sidi Ṛebbi mbla lxuf,
75 s lḥeqq, s ṭṭaɛa d wannuz deg wussan n ddunit-nneɣ meṛṛa.
76 Ma d kečč a mmi, aț-țețțusemmiḍ d nnbi n Sidi Ṛebbi eɛlayen axaṭer aț-țedduḍ zdat-es iwakken aț-țheggiḍ iberdan-is,
77 aț-țesfehmeḍ agdud-is ɣef leslak n Sidi Ṛebbi s leɛfu n ddnubat-nsen.
78 Axaṭer Ṛebbi-nneɣ d aḥnin, s Ṛṛeḥma-ines a d-icṛeq fell-aɣ tafat-is am tin n yiṭij seg yigenwan.
79 Tafat-is a d-tecṛeq ɣef wid yellan di ṭṭlam n lmut, ad aɣ-yawi deg webrid n lehna.
80 Aqcic-nni ițțimɣuṛ yețnerni di leɛqel. Iɛac deg unezṛuf armi d ass i deg i d-ibeggen iman-is i wat Isṛail.


text:
xalefVB [xalef]
enfreindre, contrevenir, contrarier
Flexions xalefxalfeɣ ttxalafent txalfem txulfeḍ txulfemt ttxalaf yettxalaf xalfet tettxalafemt txalef xalfent nxulef ixalfen ttxalafeɣ nettxalaf txalfeḍ yettxalafen txalfemt ixulef xulfen ttxalafet ittxalaf xalfemt ttxalafen nxalef xulfeɣ txulfem ixulfen tettxalafeḍ xalef tettxalafem ixalef ittxalafen xalfen txulef xulfent ttxalafemt tettxalaf
Sources xalef
- BOUAMARA Kamel, Issin : Asegzawal n teqbaylit s teqbaylit, Editions l'Odyssée, Tizi-Ouzou, 2010
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982
Phrases avec le mot xalef
Tawaɣit n wassa txulef .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]
Irna dda Muḥ deg wawal-is . " -… Ugur yellan gar-awen assan ur ixulef uguren yellan ger yemdanen di tmurt nneɣ .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]
Awal ifka t i Lḥusin, ayen i yas-d-inna wul-is d abrid ixulfen .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]
Mi ara d-ternu yemma neɣ Nna Tamaɛzuzt akeckul n tazart, taḥbult n weɣrum ujeǧǧig aḥmayan akked tegdurt n zzit, dɣa ixulef akk !
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]


text:
Songs Listen all Ahbib arad kinigh achkid – mani trit – adagh isstarbi Ajmoua nguarmdene Akhyart oukan Akssid ad igaghikad Al famila Alkhir awa kayadln – atbir ibi taounza Assour ialan Atbir Awali nhouba ansguil ifli Next. Lahsen bizencad propose des tubes répétés au Maroc et à l’étranger. Amazigh Lahcen bizenkad est un chanteur marocain de la chanson amazigh. Anayi baba Khalouni na3tiha fi botiii Alnya Firestyle 06 Ayema. Cheb ali ain tadless Track:
Oum kalthoum Nass el ghiwane Saad lamjarred Cheb akil Cheb nasro. Lahssen bizenkade est doté d’une belle et forte voix. Précédent Sir alhem Sirat adounit Talkhatmt Tamount Tassanou madrighe azine Wayamadl wamadl narmi tyzla-nzrakin abouazar Yababa noua ababa gigh zound o kan assiyad Yan dagh imoudan Yan dar lmal Zaid a ouahli Suivant. Previous Ighdikan ayetfelt awinwi Ikarz oufllah Inna hnna Ira zine laflouss Irbi abou tamoubil samhaneghi – adak iafou rbi Irbi mlid azine Istahla yan ifoulkin louz – ih mamoussoul righ – chouf awdi Istahla yan ifoulkin louz – ih mamoussoul righ – chouf awdi Next. Ahbib arad kinigh achkid – mani trit – adagh isstarbi Ajmoua nguarmdene Akhyart oukan Akssid ad igaghikad Al famila Alkhir awa kayadln – atbir ibi taounza Assour ialan Atbir Awali nhouba ansguil ifli Ayaw tbir ar yalla Aynano aynna Suivant. Précédent Bab ntayri Barkallah ala youdad Bouchtart Guigh lmaskine Idrous ma yissen rhil isdakan – arjaf allah matghkida Igh ilagh titte inou Ighdikan ayetfelt awinwi Ikarz oufllah Inna hnna Ira zine laflouss Suivant.
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