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Yemsawal akid‑s: Ḥalim Lmadani
Saeid Rifmax niɣ Saeid Benemar, aterras i yxeddmen tameslayt s useɣdi; ittegg ifidyuten, isedditen maca wer t-nettif ca itemeuccub aked ḥedd. Saeid bab n tbadut RifMAX yewḍen ɣar 49,700 n imeḍfaṛn, mkul taeeddut n yijj n wass ttraḥen imeḍfan ttmernin. Bab n useddi INNA AYI JEDDI yettwassnen aṭṭaṣ ɣar imeẓẓyanen d imeqqranen d iwessura, ɣar tḥennatin d tyemmatin…
Saeid Rifmax nzemmar ad nini aqqa ixeddem taɣawṣa n tmaziɣt. da, ad d idareɣ ijj n tmeslayt yegga-tt deg wussan n kuṛuna umi ttuɣa attribizyun Ameɣrabi istextux s teeerabt, netta ttuɣa iksi amnus i yewdan yessawalen ɣir tmaziɣt, igga-asen-dd ifidyuten s Tmaziɣt, itweṣṣa, isskan…
Awern i aseddi n INNA-AYI JEDDI nettaf ijj n useddi nneḍni umi yegga TIFAWIN, deg umeggaru-ya igga ijj n useddi nneɣni d amaynu qqaren-as: AMƔAR.
Saeid Rifmax d anaẓuṛ, minzi deg useggʷas n 2007 igga ijj n ufilem x weeraq, amen tuɣa ittirar eawed ula deg umezgun, nettaf eawed ittari ula d asefru. Di texṛaẓin n INNA‑AYI JEDDI nettaf iwalen isrusa-ten-dd d izlan ififen. S ijj n wawal nneɣni d ameggar, Saeid Rifmax d bu tzemmar timeqqranin zeg waṭṭaṣ n iɣezsisa.
Assa s yisem n Lerifain, ad kid‑s nemsawal, ataf ad kenniw nessades ɣer‑s kṭar, ad tesnem Saɛid Rifmax, manis yebda, mani yiweḍ, d min itteg.
-Azul tawmat saeid. cḥal necc thuddiɣ ad xaf‑k ariɣ ca n umegrad (article) . Minzi cek d ij n uterras testahelled ad xaf‑k yari bnadem, tettegged tizemmar d timeqqranin. Amegrad‑a uḍarebbi ad as-ictab ad yili d amsawal jar‑ayi‑dd akid-c. Ad ittwafsar x yij n usit qqaren as lerifain, qqareɣ ak anzuf ɣer lerifain.
Azul tawmat Ḥalim. D amezwar tqadiɣ‑c aṭṭas x lweqt‑nnec d lweqt i daneɣ-tewcid, amen ttqadiɣ asit n lerifain d tzemmar dag-s tteggen, d ijt n lḥajjet tesferraḥ s waṭṭas al ami nufa asit issawal s yiles Arifi, yettari s yiles Arifi, amecnaw isiten nneɣni yettarin s yilsawen nneɣni. Ttqadiɣ‑c tawmat ḥalim x tzemmar i ttegged ataf ad tesgeeeded Tmaziɣt‑nneɣ n Arif. Ttqadiɣ‑c x marra min ttarid, d min tssewjaded di tɣawsa‑ya tanita.
-Sides aneɣ ɣer yexf-nnek ujar, min iena Saeid Rifmax?
Isem-inu nican, qqaren-ayi: Saeid BENƐMAR. Maca minzi dag-i ssnen yewdan aṭṭas: Saeid Rifmax. Xelqeɣ di Benṭeyyeb, walli di benṭeyyeb nican, barra cwayt, di Mhajar deg yij n ddcar qqaren‑as: Taẓrut. Xelqeɣ 9 zi 5 zeg useggʷas n 1988. Zi ssenni umi ɣer‑i ttuɣa setta n iseggʷusa nugur neffeɣ zi ddcar-nni needu ɣer benṭeyyeb. Din i ɣriɣ tɣuri tamenzut d llisi, ar ami ksiɣ tabakalurit deg 2010. Ttuɣa ɣriɣ di tesdawit n Selwan di tzuni n izerfan (ccueba n lqanun) aseggʷas amezwaru.
Awern-as hajareɣ ffɣeɣ tammurt s kulci ɣer Uruppa, nican ɣer Biljik. Din i fekkreɣ ad reẓmeɣ ijj n lqanat tessawal s yiles Arifi. X umezwar ttuɣa qqaren-as: Rifhop. Cwayt cwayt ttuɣa tteggeɣ ca n ividyuten tticcen layas, ttcejjaeen iwdan ḥuma ad ssilyen, ad sbeyynen tizemmar-nsen. Ssanita i dd‑ɣa‑tebda Rifmax zegga tt‑ttuɣa d Rifhop. Men beed ssenni mamec dak‑nniɣ nettegg tizemmar-nneɣ bac ad ncejjee iwdan, ad kkren zeg ufcal-nsen, zi laḥarett i ten‑ileḥḥfen. Ad kkren ad ssurrfen isuraf ɣer zzat, ɣer tcuni, ɣer min isebḥen… bac ad awḍen ɣer min rezzun.
Necc di tidett iteejib-ayi arezzuɣ, xebbceɣ, iteejib-ayi ad ssneɣ min wer ssineɣ. Xmi ttafeɣ tamrarut, qqareɣ-as mayemmi wer tt-ticceɣ.
Tamrarut-a s yiles Arifi s yijjt n tebridt tecna, ataf iwdan ad fehmen min fhmeɣ necc. Ssanita i day‑i dd‑yeḍra uxarres ad ggeɣ ijj n useddi qqaren-as: Inna-ayi jeddi, awern as usin‑dd ixarrisen nneḍni amecnaw aseddi n Tifawin. Ssenni yebda usenti n tidett n Rifmax.
-Min yexs ad yini Rifmax? d mayemmi tixḍared isem‑a wanita?
X umezwar umi ttuɣa ggiɣ isem n Rifhope, Hope s Teglinzit, yexs ad yini: Layas. Maca waxxa amenni wer dag-i yeejib ca aṭṭas. Ttuɣa ttfekkreɣ lebda xmi nxeddem ca n ḥajjet s Tmaziɣt nrezzu iles Arifi ad igeeeed, ad yili yueela, ad yili yiweḍ, ad yili d can ḥaja tejhed.
Lmeena tejhed niɣ ca n lḥajjet tueela. Xmi tettafed ca n ḥaja Electronique lebda ttafed dag-s minimum/maximum. S uyenni maximum-nni ca n ḥaja tejhed, min ijehden qeeea, s uyenni das ggiɣ Rifmax, ittsemma Rif ijehden.
‑Inna‑ayi jeddi d ij n useddi yiweḍ ɣer umeẓẓyan d umeqqran, d uwessar, yudef aṭṭas n tudrin n Irifiyen. Aseddi-ya wanita tettegged day-s ismigilen (les conseilles), Xmi das-tteslan yewdan ittbana d manayenni nnec d cek i t- yennan, minzi yecna mamec i t‑idd‑teqqared.
Siwel-aneɣ cwayt x useddi ya man tala zi dd‑taymed iwalen-nni?, D mani yiweḍ useddi-nni? D mani texsed ad tawḍed?
Aseddi n Inna-ayi jeddi, mamec tennid d tidett, yiweḍ aṭṭas ɣer yewdan, la d ameẓẓyan la d ameqqran, tamɣart, argaz… Zzag-s i bdiɣ lxedmet tamezwarut, awerni i lami ttuɣa tteggeɣ ibidyuten‑nni bac a ncejjee iwdan mamec dac-nniɣ. D tenni d lxedmet zi ssnen yewdan RIFMAX aṭṭas, s useddi n Inna‑yi jeddi.
Mamec dag-i dd-yusa uxarres-a wanita n Inna‑ayi jeddi. X umezwaru ttuɣa xmi qqareɣ ca n wedlis niɣ ttfurrujeɣ di ca n ufilem untim (wata’iqi) niɣ ca n ufilem mamec mma yegga, niɣ ca n lmeeluma kessiɣ-tt-id zi ca n wedlis niɣ zeg umsawaḍ anamun ttafeɣ teejeb-ayi s waṭṭas. Xmi ttafeɣ ca n tmeslayt tetteejeb-ayi, ttfekkreɣ deg yinni wer ɣer yiwiḍ ca wawal nni, ssitimeɣ meelik zemmareɣ ad tt-ssiwḍeɣ s yijjt tebridt tessbeḥ. Ad as-sḥessen yewdan, a zzag-s stenfeen. S uyenni tusa-ayi-dd lfikraya ad tt‑iniɣ s yiles Arifi, ad tt‑iniɣ s tebridt-inu necc, s yijt n tebridt ɣa yejjen bnadem ad isel ɣer ismigilen-nni, ad ɣer-sen isel, di lweqt d ijjt ad icejjee ad zzag-s ixdem.
X umezwaru ttuɣa xseɣ ad ggeɣ manaya mbla Inna‑yi jeddi, ad tent-iniɣ ammu waha. Maca tfekkreɣ necc d ameẓẓyan. Abidyu-nni a dag-s iffurrej ijjen yemɣer xaf-i, ijj ad isḥess i tniɣt‑inu bayen illa d ameẓẓyan iticc ayi nnasiḥa i necc, yudrus wi tt‑zzag-i ɣa iqeblen. S uyenni qqareɣ-as weḥdi weḥdi meelik ca n yijj innumɣer, bayen xaf-s ɣer-s lḥikma, a ɣer‑s tesḥessed xmi kid-c ɣa yessiwel. Wer dag-i yeedil ca ad d awyeɣ ca n yij yennumɣer a das-iniɣ ha min ɣa tinid bac ad tt‑yegg, minzi yeqqseḥ. Bac ad tt‑yessiweḍ s tebridt zi xseɣ ad tt‑ssiwḍeɣ.
S uyenni tusa-ayi-dd lfikra ad tt‑iniɣ s inna‑yi jeddi, ha min dag-i ieawed jeddi! Jeddi-nni necc wesfeɣ‑t‑idd am-yijj ittsemma d lḥikma, wer yelli labudd ad yili d jeddi d baba-s n yemma niɣ n baba. Lḥikma tettili ɣer bnadem innumɣer, idder ijt n tudert temɣer, dag-s aṭṭas n ttajarib d tmeslayin… S uyenni t-id-fessleɣ belli d jeddi dag-i yennan lmeelumat-a tina. D manayenni ttuɣa yellan, aṭṭas n yewdan umi ɣer-s sḥessen, reyyḥen ɣer-s.
Tesseqsid-ayi x tala manis i dd-kessiɣ? Amen dak-nniɣ zeg yedlisen niɣ zeg wantirnit, maca wer dd‑kessiɣ ca srusiɣ‑t‑idd amenni nican, a das ggeɣ asuɣel amenni nican mamec tella, minzi amenni ataf wer dag-s bu ca n taẓyuḍi, s uyenni lebda yettili dag-s uḥadi-inu, ca n lḥajjet zzag-i arenniɣ‑as‑tt‑idd necc. Ca n lḥajjet tettejja awal-nni ad yili yiẓiḍ i wenni das ɣa yesḥessen, ataf waxxa ieawed-as eecra eicrin n imuren wer t‑ittmelli ca.
-Neẓra inna‑yi jeddi din aṭṭas n texrazin. cḥal d tawyed n lweqt deg yijjt n texraẓt jer wesmuni n yiwalen d tira d usejjel al ɣa ikemmel ufidyu?
Lweqt i teḥdajiɣ ḥuma ad ggeɣ afidyu s weedal-nnes d tira-nnes, bac ad tjemeed manayenni marra, ad tent-id-teswejded, ad asent-rniɣ ca n tmeslayin ḥuma ad d-yas manayenni yiẓiḍ. Ca n twalatin teqqared awalen am xmi d teqqared izlan niɣ taqessist ittas‑dd manayenni d lmizan, d cek tessned a tawmat ḥalim manaya d iger nnek. S lmunasaba xseɣ ad ak-iniɣ min tegged ijj n ḥaja tessbeḥ. Necc s yixef-inu aṭṭas n wawalen i d zzay-k lemdeɣ.
Inna‑ayi jeddi, mara tteggeɣ tizemmar-inu ḥuma ad d-yas di lmizan, manayenni marra mamec nniɣ, din aḍris (texte) awern‑as tsejjleɣ awal (audio). Awerni i wudyu nni eeddleɣ‑t mala ca n wawal wer t‑idd‑nniɣ ca mliḥ, eeddleɣ tniɣt ixess ad d-teffeɣ d tenni nettat. Men beed ittas‑dd lmuntaj, tessned ayi teggeɣ Inna‑ayi jeddi s ttsawar. Mkul awessi niɣ asmigel (conseille) ttixḍareɣ‑as‑dd tateswirt teggur aked lmeena nni x ssawaleɣ, wanita ittawi eawed lweqt bezzaf. Awerni i manaya xmi slessaqeɣ ttsawar aked wudyu d leedlan nneɣni… Manaya marra, ca takkʷaḍeɣ 5 n wussan ddeg yijj n ufidyu, ca n twalatin ttakkʷaḍ simana.
-Qee lxedmet-a, tettegged‑tt weḥḥdec niɣ din ḥedd itteawan-ic?
Di tseeeet-a tteggeɣ kulci weḥḥdi, s tira d lmuntaj d kulci… waxxa ittas-d manayenni yeqqseḥ aked lxedmet xeddmeɣ. Maca xmi nettaf iwdan itteejib‑asen manayenni, xmi teeṭṭareɣ wer ggiɣ abidyu, ttafeɣ iwdan ttseqsan. Uca beddiɣ tteggeɣ tizemmar ḥuma ad ggeɣ abidyu nneɣni.
-Ẓriɣ ula d ca n tqessisin, ma tettarid asefru?
D tidet, dinni lebeaḍ n tqessisin x Rifmax, ijjt tettwassen aṭṭas ɣer yewdan, aṭṭas umi teejeb. Ggiɣ‑tt x yewdan ihajaren tammurt-nsen, maca rid d nitni yexsen, niɣ iejeb‑asen ad hajaren, maca dag-s resbab yejjin iḥudriyen ad hajaren, ad semḥen deg yimarawen-nsen d tmurt‑nsen, ad ffɣen ɣer tmura n midden a din weḍḍren. Tanita d taqessist ggiɣ‑tt necc, uriɣ‑tt zi ɣer-i, lami ẓriɣ imeddukal inu deg 2015, ttuɣa ssneɣ‑ten, ffɣen uguren, d manaya dag-i yejjin uriɣ taqessist-nni.
Ɛawed mamec tessned, din tinneɣni-nnec, d cek i tent-yuran, Ḥalim Lmadani. Ɛejbent‑ayi s waṭṭas. Ttqadiɣ-c x wedlis dag-i teggid d awardi, aṭṭas n twalatin necc qqareɣ dag-s, ead ssewjadeɣ mala yectab ad sejjleɣ lebeaḍ, dag-s iwalen d imiẓiḍen wer tzemmared ad zzag-sen tejjawned deɣya. Qa xmi ttafeɣ ca n lḥajjet teejeb‑ayi wer zemmareɣ ad qqimeɣ wer tfessareɣ ca i yewdan nneɣni. Ssitimeɣ-ak ula i cek isuraf ɣer zzat.
-Ɛawd ẓriɣ ijj n ufilem teggid-t x weeraq, ttuɣa-cek d ameẓẓyan. Itsemma-cek txeddmed taẓuri zi temẓi. Ɛawed-aneɣ cwayt x ufilem-nni.
Ttuɣa negga ij n ufilem, wer lli ɣer ijj, ca n tlata. Maca wenni idd‑ibanen aṭṭas, wenn i nessufeɣ, qqaren as: Ttaman n ẓekku. Negga-t deg 2007, Ttuɣa qqareɣ di liedadi, elaḥal ttuɣa negga-t d taḍeḥḥact jer-aneɣ waha. negga-t s imassen d imudrusen, wer lli bu ca n kamira tejhed niɣ ca n ssinarist yura-aneɣ, kulci negga-t jer-aneɣ waha, tineacin tuɣa walu, bnadem ttuɣa-t ead d ameḥḍar. Maca ɣer umeggar nufa CD nni negga jer-aneɣ ittmenza di ssuq. Nufa nessen tizemmar i negga ad raḥent amenni waha, nedwel nezzenz-it s wezref (lqanun) i ccarika n DISCO NADOR di nnaḍur abeeda.
Ssenni itwassen aṭṭas di Arif deg wakud-nni. Necc qqbel ma ad ggeɣ afilem nni ttuɣa ɣer-i aked umezgun (théâtre). Ttuɣa netteg-it di liedadi aked yijj n uselmad d netta d-aneɣ icejjeen, ttuɣa nxeddem akid-s ijj n tmezgunt temɣer, ttuɣa nrezzu ad zzag-s necrek deg umihrajan anamur n umezgun, ca n eamayen neccin nxeddem dag-s. Ttuɣa teggur mliḥ, maca wer yectib ca ad zzag-s neffeɣ, ttuɣa din ca n yemxumbal sbedden-aneɣ wer ntikkʷiḍ ca.
Afilem-nni ad ɣer-s eeqbeɣ, ttuɣa issawal x yijj n wemxumbel, netta d: bnadem yeɣra mliḥ, ɣer-s turagt‑nnes (licence) , d amussnaw… ɣer umeggar umi ikemmel yufa ixef‑nnes d abiṭali, lxedmet walu. Imarawen nnes tteayanen ɣer-s ad ten issufeɣ zi ẓẓleḍ. lḥell i ttuɣa ɣer-s d ameggaru ad ihajar, ad yeffeɣ di tɣarrabut. Amsaḍaf, necc s yexf-inu umi edun iseggusa x ufilem-nni, ufiɣ ixef-inu di lwest n lebḥer, ffɣeɣ-d zi Lmeɣrib di tɣarrabut. Amecnaw axarres n ufilem-nni, d necc ttuɣa yiraren d anebraz n ufilem (lbaṭal); D necc i yeggin ameḥḍar i yhajaren zi tmurt nnes di tɣarrabut. Umi iwḍeɣ ɣer lwest n lebḥer, fekkreɣ-d afilem nni, ttuɣa yella d afilem waha, iffeɣ ddreɣ-t nican.
-Amen ssneɣ, umi tugured truḥed ɣer biljik. Min xaf-s ɣa tinid x biljik?
Ttwalid xmi itili ca n yijj iwḍa di lebḥer uca itteg aṭṭas n tzemmar bac ad isalbar ixef-nnes. Men beed ɣer umeggaru qeee, ijemmee-dd, ijebbed-dd ixef nnes cwaycwayt al ɣa yaf ixef-nnes x yejdi. Ijdi‑nni niɣ tammurt‑nni x ibedd, amenni dag-i dd‑tettbana necc Biljik. Biljik d tenni d tammurt i dag-i isalbaren, wer lli qqareɣ-ak d tammurt n turjiwin-inu, maca d tenni d tammurt x sserseɣ iḍaren-inu awern i umi ttuɣa ggureɣ ad ɣerqeɣ.
-Hi mala nniɣ-ak Arif?
Arif, d wenni d aẓwar, d wenni d kulci. D tayemmat, mani mma truḥed lebda aqqa-c teqqned ɣer-s. Arif min mma nenna, ittɣima ead ixess-aneɣ ad nini…
Ɣer ɛawed: Muḥemmed Inɛisa i LeRifain: Ufiɣ ixf-inu di tira kter zi tmuzikt


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Tigejdit :
Azul fell-awen ay atmaten d teysetmatin
Tanemmirt i wid merr'a ay d agh-d-yuznen tibratin imi ay
d-nett'ef tiririyin ay d agh-yesfer'h'en at'as yernu rrant-agh-d asirem u sseknent-d d akken llan at'as n medden ay yesâan
tamazight deg wul. Nesnemmir s wat'as wid ay d agh-d-yerran s tmazight, imi ay fehmen mlih' iswi n leqdic-nnegh, am wakken
nesnemmir Imazighen ay d agh-d-yuran s tefr'ensist negh s tutlayin nnid'en, u nessutur seg wid yessnen seg-sen tamazight i
tikkelt nnid'en, ad agh-d-ttarun kan s tmazight u ad fken azal meqqren i takti n usseqdec n tmazight ger n Yimazighen. Nesnemmir
digh s kra n wid ay gh-d-yuran s tutlayin tiberr'aniyin, ama d Imazighen negh d iberr'aniyen, ama d wid ay gh-d-igan ifadden
negh d wid ay d-yesteqsan.
Yugh lh'al, nessefray ad tili tebrat-nni ay d awen-nuzen
d ah'urif amenzu i lmend n ussider n tutlayt-nnegh, akken ad as-d-nerr ccan-is ghur-negh, nekni s wid tt-yettmeslayen, nekni
s yimawlan-is, yernu ur nettak ara fell-as afus.
Ma nenna-d ass-a d akken tamazight attan a tettidir deg
yir taswiât, d akken ghef yiri n wecr'uf ay tella, at'as n wid ur d agh-nettamen ara. Ur d agh-ttamnen ara acku ass-a, mazal
tzehher teswiât, mazal nezmer ad nsel i Leqbayel ttmeslayen taqbaylit di Tmurt n Leqbayel, negh Irifiyen d Yicelh'iyen ttmeslayen
tamazight deg yidurar n Merr'uk. Ur ttamnen ara, acku mazal sellen i temgharin cennunt-d isefra s tmazight-nni n zik, yernu
sellen s trebbuyaâ ara ixeddmen akk ayen umi zemrent akken ad slemdent tamazight i wid yellan di Tmurt negh wid yellan di
lgherba. D acu kan, tamazight ass-a ur tesâi ara tt'mana, deg wanect-a ay temxallaf d tutlayin nnid'en.
Ilmez'yen d telmez'yin lemmden tafr'ensist d taâr'abt, snat
tutlayin-agi ay idjehden di Tmazgha akk d lgherba, dgha ass-agi nettaf at'as deg-negh ur yezmir ad iserreh' yiles-nsen di
tmazight akken ay iserreh' di tutlayin tiberr'aniyin. Imgharen d temgharin yest'ent'unen tamazight n lejdud, atni la ttmettaten
wa sdeffir wa, ta sdeffir ta, mebla ma necfa i wayen umi cfan(t), u ttaddjan(t)-agh-d taqaâet d tilemt : tamazight nettmeslay
ass-a, simmal tettughal d tigellilt, simmal keccment-tt-id tutlayin tiberr'aniyin, ttakent aâer'bun fell-as, akken ad tt-awint
sani grarbent tutlayin yemmuten. Ma d inelmaden n tmazight, ama di Tmurt negh di lgherba, akken yebghu yili-ten, ur tt'uqqten
ara, yernu ur nezmir ad nessugen (ad nxayel) tamazight tettusider-d di lgherba, yili di tmurt-is attan a tettmettat, imi ay
s-qqaren wat zik "win yebgha les'lah', ad yezwir seg wat wexxam".
D wagi ay d ugur umi ilaq ad as-nfaq uqbel ma ifat lawan
imi tutlayt-nnegh ur nezmir ad nefk fell-as afus. Tamawt ay d-nger nekni ass-a, at'as n wid ur s-d-nerri s lexbar, at'as n
wid ur a tt-numin ara acku ur a tt-ttwalin ara s wallen-nsen. D acu kan, nessaram d akken ad ilin at'as n wid ara d-yeldin
allen-nsen u ad walin talafsa yeffren, tata idergen i tmughli, ad walin d akken yella umihi (danger) ghef tutlayt, xas yiwen
ur a d-yettmeslay fell-as, xas zzhir-nni n twaghit ass-a yeffer-it utceqlel n tutlayin tiberr'aniyin, nessaram d akken ad
ilin at'as n wid ur nettaddja ara tawaghit ad d-ted'ru u ad d-akin uqbel ma ifat lawan : ad as-fken amkan-is i tmazight deg
wulawen-nsen.
Qqaren-as : "H'ebber' uqbel
ad ted'ru"
Tanemmirt
IMEDYAZEN
TABURJWAZIT TABASKIT TEDDJA IDLES ABASKI
Aqeddem n wed'ris-agi :
[Adr'is-agi ay d-nefren i watmaten-nnegh s tmazight, nessefray
d yili d amenzu seg wat'as n yed'risen nnid'en ara ghren deg weghmis-nnegh. Ad'ris-nnegh n wass-a d win d-yettmeslayen ghef
wugur yettidir yedles abaski, ara ttaddjan yinesbughar (imer'kantiyen) d yemdanen yesâan tamkant âlayen di tmetti tabaskit,
u d igellilen akk d lâamma n medden ay d as-igan leqrar. Ugur-agi yettidir-it ula d idles-nnegh, d acu kan ass-a nefren ad
d-nemmeslay ghef yedles abeppani acku nesâa digh at'as ara d-nelmed seg yidelsan nnid'en d yegduden nnid'en. Deg umagrad-agi
ad nz'er d akken wid umi meqqer ccan deg umezruy abaski, xas tettunefk-asen tegnit ad d-ssukksen idles-nsen ajaddiw u ad as-fken
tamkant yuklal di tmurt-nsen, maca ur s-xdimen acemma, ay wwin ala kan d cciâa bat'el. Akka digh ay ted'ra d wat'as n yidelsan
nnid'en di ddunit imi yiwen n uâekkaz ay d agh-yewwten. Nessaram-awen afud igerrzen.]
DI TMURT N YIBASKIYEN N UGAFA
(nord)
Anadi di tserkam (classes sociales) n tmetti n leqrun
wis 16, wis 17 d wis 18 yesskanay-d d akken tiserkam ih'ekmen Tamurt n Yibaskiyen di tallit-nni llant tekksent-d rrbeh'-nsent
seg yiqeddicen ay llant xeddment i lmend n Ugellid n Fr'ansa akk d Navarre n Wadda, dgha ghef wanect-a, kra n Yibirjwaziyen
ibaskiyen llan tts'ah'en-asen-d yimukan âlayen di leh'kem, yettxellis'-iten ugellid, seââun tifesniwin (grades) deg yigen
(armée) yernu tekksen-asen i wiyad' ixfawen-nsen ihaggapen (titres de noblesse) akk d yimukan-nsen n leh'kem. Sponde, Bela,
Belsance, Gramont, Etchauz akk d Meharin llan seg wid yett'fen leh'kem u tuli yis-sen ddunit imi ay sennden gher tgeldit tafr'ensist
akk d yimasiwen (seigneurs) ay iqerben s agellid. Wwd'en alammi ay ten-tecrek nnesba yid-sen yernu sduklen ssâaya-nsen akk
d tin n wigi. D acu kan, anect-agi digh yessawed'-iten ad ssersen imal n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen ger n yifassen n Fr'ansa, ur reglen-
as abrid i uzureg (indépendance) n tmurt-nsen. Tawaddfa-yagi (intégration) yessbanay-agh-tt-id mlih' umezruy di tallit
n Wemgaru n Tesred't (guerre de Religion) [asmi ay nnughen Yikat'uliyen d Yepr'utistanen di Fr'ansa si 1562 gher 1598]. Imir-n,
at'as n yimasiwen ibaskiyen (am Luxe, Espelette, Garou, Etchauz akk d Domezain) ay d-ibedden i lmend n Ugellid n Fr'ansa,
akken ad t-h'udden, dgha rran timura-nsen s ddaw n leh'kem n tgeldit, ladgha di tallit n Charles IX. Yernu nnernan wassaghen
(relations) n lemâawna ugar di tallit n Henri IV (Henri III n Navarre), ay d-yeskecmen at'as n yimasiwen Ibaskiyen gher leqs'er-ines
u gar-asen nezmer ad d-nader Armendaritz, Laxague akk d Haramboure.
Tawaddfa-yagi
n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen gher Fr'ansa yesseâjel-itt-id rrbeh' n tgeldit mgal n Usemmeskel (Réformation) [abeddel n tesred't takat'ulit]
akk d wesbeddi n tsertit n usselmes (centralisation) tafr'ensist.
"I tghimit n tlella, n yesladen
akk d yeglamen" ("pour la maintenance des libertés, des exemptions et des privilèges") d awal ay llan
ttâawaden-t-id si Palais alamma d Ustaritz, Yibaskiyen inesbughar (imer'kantiyen) yett'fen leh'kem di leqrun wis 17 d wis
18. Kra n yenmezrayen (historiens) walan anect-a d asuter n Yibaskiyen akken ad awin tilelli u ad h'ekmen i yiman-nsen
tisuda (institutions) tibaskiyin, d acu kan, anect-a ur is'ehh'a ara imi d wid-n akken ay yellan qqaren-d awal-agi ay yellan
tekksen-d lfayda meqqren si tedbelt (administration) n Tgeldit tafr'ensist. Ihi, "tilelli" ay llan ssuturen-tt-id wigi yezmer
kan ahat ad ilin qes'den-d yis-s lebghi-nsen akken ad ten-id-tughal tlelli-nni n zik ay d asen-tespuh' tsertit n usselmes
n Fr'ansa, am wakken ara yili usuter-agi-nsen yesskanay-d digh tugdi-nsen akken ad asen-tpuh' tlelli d leh'kem sya ar sdat
imi di tallit-nni tella a d-tettenka r tserkemt tamaynut n yemzenza (commerçants) d yimawlan n wakal akk d yimesbankiyen (banquiers)
ilibir'aliyen, ay yellan ttughalen d inesbughar (imer'kantiyen) s lâejlan yernu zgan-d mgal n uqader n yisud'af, akken ma
llan. Nezmer dgha ad d-nefk sin n yimedyaten i deg ara d-nesban aya :
Di 1784, ssutren
yimawlan n wakal inesbughar n Navarre seg unemzagh (avocat) n Béarnais, Polverel, ad as-yaru asektay (mémorandum) i Ugellid
n Fr'ansa i deg ara d as-yessefhem aygher ay ilaq ad qqiment "tlella d yesladen" n tgeldit n Navarre, dgha asmi yexdem aya,
fkan-as yimawlan n wakal Ibaskiyen amkan gar-asen, yughal ula d netta yesâa akal u yerbeh'-d ixef n tihhugr'a. D acu kan,
lemmer ad nwali mlih' s agbur (contenu) n wayen d-issumer, ad nz'er d akken Polverel yessider-d takti n ussuter n tfulmant
(autonomie) di lweqt i deg wiyad' akk ttun-tt [u a ttxemmimen amek ara kemmlen ad ttidiren deg yeglamen -privilèges- s ddaw
n leânaya n Fr'ansa], yernu yewwet-d Polverel deg usektay-is mgal n "unedbal n wakalen" (administrateur des domaines) ay yellan
yekkat mgal n twaculin tinesbughar timaynutin n yemzenza akk d yimesbankiyen. Yugh lh'al, Polverel iger-d tivri, xas maci
s ledjher', akken ad asen-d-ughalen i Yibaskiyen yizerfan-nsen ay sen-yefka umezruy, ad asen-d-tuval tmurt n lejdud-nsen i
deg ttalasen, yernu ayen ara d-yesbegnen aya netta d akken Polverel yuv abrid-is i yiman-is asmi ay d-tekker Tegrawla tafr'ensist.
Atmaten n twacult
n Garat n Ustaritz, ay ttwalin yenmazrayen seg wid yellan tth'uddun "tisuda tibaskiyin", leâben ddur' d ameqqran di lebni
n Tegrawla tafr'ensist akk d wesbeddi n unagraw azerfan (système juridique) d tedbelt tamaynut n Fr'ansa. D acu kan, asmi
ay ttwakksen akk yeglamen imsugal (privilèges féodaux) deg yid' n 4 Ghect 1789, ttwakksent ula d tisuda tibaskiyin, xas akken
ifuk lh'if ghef wegdud abaski, ay yeddren ach'al d leqrun s ddaw n lbat'el n yimasiwen, ma d atmaten n twacult n Garat, rewlen
s tuffra si tmurt.
Tagrawla tafr'ensist
tefka azal, di tgara, i tutlayt tafr'ensist ay yughalen d tutlayt tawh'idt i yes tteddu tegduda, i yes ttdeddu tedbelt akk
d yigherbazen.
Ibaskiyen n
Ugafa (n Fr'ansa) ay d-yuran ghef tnettit tabaskit seg yimir-n d asawen, am Antoine d'Abbadie di "Eskualtzaleen Biltzara",
ur d asen-iban ara webrid ara aghen, wanag llan ttmalen tikwal gher tesnakta (idéologie) takar'lit (carlisme), tikwal gher
tesnakta tafr'ensist yerran tutlayin timedrusa (langues minoritaires) n Fr'ansa d aôric kan seg ufulklur' n tmiwa n tmurt.
D acu kan, llan-d kra n yemyura ay nezmer ad d-nini d akken d tisuraf (exceptions), am Chaho akk d Broussain.
DI TMURT N YIBASKIYEN N WENZ'UL
(sud), DI SPENYUL
Di lqern wis
18, talibir'alit taspenyulit tella d nettat ay d tasnakta ay d'efrent s umata tserkam âlayen (hautes classes) n Yibaskiyen
n Spenyul, wid yellan sâan at'as n wakal, akk d yiburjwaziyen n temdinin yebdan seââun akal negh llan bghan ad t-sâun. Taghdart
(élite) n Yibaskiyen akk d tin n Yikatalanen llant d tirebbaâ yesâan aswir adelsan (niveau culturel) âlayen akk di tmetti
taspenyulit, yernu llan dima d nitni ay d imezwura di tmurt ay d-ilemmden ayen d-yettnulfun d amaynut di tussna di tmura nniêen
n Tuppuft (Europe). At'as deg-sen ay yellan ttaznen arraw-nsen akken ad ghren di tesdawiyin n Fr'ansa d Legliz negh di tesdawit
n Bergara. D tarbaât-agi digh ay d-yesbedden Takebbanit n Caracas, d takebbanit n tnezzawt (commerce) meqqren ay tt'fen Yibaskiyen
yernu tettekka mlih' di tenneflit (développement) n Venezuela.
Tura-d tmesnalest
(anthropologue) Marianne Heiberg :
"Deg wayen
yerzan tinettit, at tegrawt-agi llan ttwalin iman-nsen d akken ulac wi yellan d "Ispenyuliyen" ugar-nsen di Spenyul. Llan
h'esben iman-nsen s'ubben-d seg wid-n akken umi ur xlid'en ara yidammen akk d Yimur'iyen negh Uwdayen, wid-n akken yessuffghen
ikefr'iyen* yernu rran-d tagherma akk d Temsih'it (chrétienneté) gher tmurt. Xas ulamma at'as deg-sen llan ttmeslayen tabaskit,
d taspenyulit ay llan smenyafayen ad tt-sqedcen ama deg wexxam negh di berr'a".
U terna-d :
"Dgha amkan
ay d as-fkan wigi i tbaskit d win kan n tutlayt n yimeksawen, d tutlayt n yimezdaghen n tmurt ur d-neswi si tala n tt'beâ
akk d tgherma, di lweqt i deg taspenyulit tella d tutlayt n tt'beâ, n yedles, n leqraya akk d rrbeh' n temdinin, yernu simmal
yella yettali ccan n temdinin, simmal tella tettughal tbaskit di rrif, tettzad fell-as th'eqranit".
[*yugh lh'al, Ispenyuliyen yennughen mgal n Yinselmen di
Spenyul, llan ttwalin Inselmen d Wuwdayen d ikefr'iyen.]
Si 1876 d asawen,
beddlen wid yellan di tserkam yett'fen leh'kem : anekcum n tmurt n Yibaskiyen s ulzuz (ssuq) akk d usad'uf (lqanun)
aspenyuli yewwi-d yid-s yiwet n tegrawt (tarbaât) tamaynut n yinesbughar iqeddcen di temguri (industrie) akk d tbankiwin (banques),
yernu wigi wwd'en alammi ay tt'fen imukan âlayen deg udabu aspenyuli. Iburjwaziyen-agi yennerna leh'kem d timmepkantit-nsen
asmi ay d-sbedden anagraw (système) n "Conciertos Economicos" (Iburaz Udmisen - concerts économiques), d ayen ay ten-yeddjan
ad rren tiseqquma n temnad'in (conseils provinciaux) s ddaw n leh'kem-nsen u ad sneqsen tiwsi (impôts) ghef wayen llan xeddmen-t-id
u znuzuyen-t, dgha anect-a yegla-d s uxess'ar ameqqran ghef tserkemt n yiqeddacen akk d wegdud s umata. Tamsedrast-agi (oligarchie)
tabaskit tughal d ah'ric si tburjwazit taghelnawt taspenyulit yernu agherya ad teqdec i lmend n lebni n tmurt timsihrit tatrart
(capitali ste moderne) di Tmurt n Yibaskiyen, nettat teqdec i lebni n tmurt n Spenyul.
TASDAWIT N BERGARA
Tasudut Tageldant
tabaskit n Yimeddukal n Tmurt (Real Sociedad Basconcada de los Amigos del Pais), ay d-tesbedd trist'uqrat'it n Azkoitia, tella
d tagrawt tameqqrant akk ay yesselh'an tikta n "Teftilin" (idées du Siècle des Lumières) di Tmurt n Yibaskiyen. D tasudut-agi
ay s-d-yefkan amedya i ugellid asemmeskal (réformiste) Carlos III akken ad d-yesbedd tisuda am nettat di tmiwa merr'a n Spenyul.
Taburjwazit tupuffit (européenne) tamaynut tella tettnadi ad d-tesbedd yiwet n tesnakta "tanelsawt" (idéologie humaniste)
d tamaynut i ghef ara tebnu assaghen-is akk d th'er'sin (colonies), dgha seg yimir-n ay yughal usseh'r'es (colonisation) yettwaxdam
s yisem n "ussiwed' n tgherma" s igduden ur tt-nessin ara.
Amagrad (article)
amezwaru n uz'ayer (statut) n tsudut-agi yeqqar-d : "Iswi n tsudut-agi netta d asnerni n usselmed akk d ussebghes (encouragement)
n Yibaskiyen akken ad lemmden tussna, tiz'uryin akk d tz'uryin icebh'en (beaux arts), d tukksa n wayen n d iri akk d usselhu
n wansayen-nsen, d tukksa n lqella n ccghel d lqella n tmusni akk d unad'eh' mgal n yixess'aren i yes d-igellu wanect-agi,
akk d ussedjhed n tdukli ger n tlata n temnad'in n Yibaskiyen [tispenyuliyin] n Alava, Vizcaya akk d Guipozcoa". Leqdic ifazen
akk ay xedmen yirist'uqrat'iyen n Azkoitia di lqern wis 18 netta d asbeddi n "Tesdawit n Bergara" di 1767, akk d unagmay-nni-yines
(laboratoire) ussnan ay imechur'en. Tasdawit n Bergara tughal d tasdawit talaykit (laïque) tamezwarut akk di Spenyul, d acu
kan, xas akken tettekka deg wesnerni n tussna akk d yedles, maca tarist'uqrat'it tabaskit ur teddji ara tutlayt tabaskit ad
tughal d nettat ay d tutlayt n usselmed akk d unadi di tesdawit.
Tangiwin ay
llan sselmaden-tent di tesdawit n Bergara d tigi : tasengama tarmawit (physique expérimentale), takrura (chimie), tasnekfilt
(minéralogie), tussniwin talsiyin (sciences humaines), tusnakt, tasnagayt (philosophie), tasniklit (éthique), llsisan n tesred't
(n ddin), tamedyazt, tamesghanibt (stylique), tasnadent (statistiques), amezruy aghelnaw akk d id "fueros" (isud'af negh leqwanin
n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen), tutlayt tabaskit, talatinit, taspenyulit, tafr'ensist, taneglizit, tat'alyanit, az'awan (musique) akk
d ccna, aharag (gymnastique), imenghi s tkuba (escrime) akk d tedrest (ccd'eh').
Tasdawit-a tga-d
inermisen (contacts) akk d wammasen (centres) n unadi imeqqranen akk n Turr'uft. Atmaten Elhuyar, ay d-ilulen di Tmurt n Yibaskiyen
n Ugafa (di Fr'ansa) yernu mechur'it deg wennar n unadi, kecmen-d gher tesdawit-a di 1778, u di 1783 ssawd'en ad d-âezlen
aferdis n "wolfram", win umi neqqar ass-a tungsten, seg umaghus (acide) n Wolfram, yernu lexbar n tegrut-nsen (découverte)
tessuffegh-it-id Tsudut Tageldant Tabaskit di tesghunt-is (revues) umi qqaren "Extractos".
Tasdawit n Bergara
tettekka maci d kra deg wesnerni n yedles akk d tussna, maca terra tutlayt tabaskit di rrif deg wayen yerzan asseqdec-yines
deg unadi akk d usselmed. Daxel n tesdawit, tabaskit tella tesâa kan amkan n tutlayt n unagmay (langue de laboratoire) negh
tecba taghawsa ay yettrusun deg usalay (musée), yernu axess'ar n wanect-a mazal nettidir-it ar ass-a, imi mazal akka ay twalin
yiburjwaziyen ibaskiyen tutlayt-nsen.
Sdat n th'eqranit
n tburjwazit, ala kan d ansayen n wegdud ay yeddjan tutlayt d yedles ibaskiyen ad idiren u ad menâen si nnger akk d tutut.
Amagrad-agi newwi-t-id seg weghmis n "Euskal Herria",
d aghmis adelsan abaski.
D acu-ten Yibaskiyen ?
Ibaskiyen d
imezdaghen n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen, d yiwet n tama ay d-yuzgan ghef yiri n yilel (lebh'er'), ger n Fr'ansa akk d Spenyul akk
d yidurar n Pyrénées utrimen (igherbiyen). D nitni ay d imezdaghen iqdimen akk n tmiwa-yagi yernu ttmeslayen yiwet n tutlayt,
tabaskit, seg wakken d taqdimt, ar ass-a werâad d-ufin yimassanen d acu n tutlayt nnid'en ay tt-icuban negh d acu n twacult
n tutlayin i gher ara tt-qqnen. Tamurt n Yibaskiyen ass-a tebd'a ghef sin yeh'ricen. Yiwen weh'ric, win n ugafa (nord), d
Fr'ansa ay t-ih'ekmen u yuzga-d ugezdu (département) n Pyrénées-Atlantiques, ma d ah'ric nnid'en, win n wenz'ul (sud), d Spenyul
ay t-ih'ekmen yernu yebd'a ghef snat n tmiwa (timettiyin tifulmanin - communautés autonomes) : tin n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen, tamaneght-is
d Vitoria, akk d tin n Navarra u tamaneght-is qqaren-as Pamplona. D acu kan, Ibaskiyen ara yessuturen acôal d iseggasen aya
ad awin azarug-nsen (indépendance), ttwalin tamu rt-nsen d yiwet-is, agdud-nsen yeddukel, yernu smenyafayen ad semmin i yiman-nsen
"Euskaldunak" u ad semmin i tmurt-nsen "Euskadi", ma d tutlayt-nsen, qqaren-as "Euskara".
Di Spenyul llan
azal n 2.600.000 n Yibaskiyen di lweqt i deg di Fpansa llan kan 250.000. Azal n 700.000 n Yibaskiyen ay yettmeslayen tabaskit
di Spenyul, di lweqt i deg di Fpansa, 400.00 kan ay tt-yettmeslayen.
Ibaskiyen sâan
yiwet n tgherma d taqdimt at'as yernu mazal-itt tedder ar ass-a, u sâan yiwet n tsekla tatlayt (littérature orale) d tamer'kantit
maci d kra, cennun-tt-id kra akken n yimedyazen umi qqaren id "bertsolari". Ibaskiyen mazal digh tt'fen deg wat'as n wansayen,
gar-asen takessawt n wakraren deg wedrar, addal n takurt tabaskit akk d wadag (broderie) n yicett'id'en.
Amezruy-nsen :
Idrizen (traces)
iqdimen akk ay d-ufan ghef Yibaskiyen ttughalen gher 8000 n yiseggasen uqbel n Sidna Aisa, u akken yebghu yili, d igiman (milliers)
n yiseggasen ayaka seg wasmi ara ttidiren Yibaskiyen di tmiwa-yagi i deg llan ass-a. Seg wasmi ay bdan a d-keccmen yiberr'aniyen
gher tmurt-nsen, Ibaskiyen, ladva wid n Navarra, zgan-d mgal-nsen u nud'h'en akken ad ilin d ilelliyen. Dgha nnughen mgal
n Rr'uman yernu di tallit i deg llan Yinselmen sbedden tixlifin-nsen (califats) di Spenyul, yernu Fr'ansa llan h'ekmen-tt
Yefr'anken (Francs), ssawd'en Yibaskiyen ad d-gen tageldit timziregt (indépendante) di Navarra di 850, s ddaw n leh'kem n
Inigo Arista. Tageldit-agi tewwed' gher tallit-is n wuregh s ddaw n leh'kem n Sancho III Ameqqran, ay ih'ekmen tamurt si 1000
alammi d 1035. Ma di tama n ugafa, llan sâan digh Yibaskiyen yiwet n tgeldit nnid'en ay yellan qrib d timziregt, d tin umi
qqaren Soule. D acu kan, deg yiseggasen ay d-id'efren, tufa-d Navarra iman-is zzint-as-d tgeldiwin timsih'iyin (chrétiennes)
si yal tama yernu tigi gant fell-as lh'er's akken ad teddj tilelli-yines u llant tettent-as-d seg wakal-is, dgha seg yimir-n
ay tughal Navarra tettâeddi sya gher da s ddaw n leânaya n tgeldiwin-agi (Castilla, Aragon akk d Fpansa), akken ur tseââu
ara uguren yid-sent. Maca, xas tella Navarra tettâeddi s yisem s ddaw n leh'kem aberr'ani, isud'af-yines (leqwanin-is) d yeglamen
(privilèges) n wid ay tt-ih'ekmen llan mazal ttuqadaren. Ma d tageldit tabaskit n Soule tebda ula d nettat tettâeddi s ddaw
n leânaya n lh'ekkam ifr'ensisen u seg yimir-n ay tebda a tespuh'uy cwit', cwit' tilelli-yines. Di 1234, yuli Champagne Thibaud
Amenzu gher leh'kem di Navarra u yewwi amkan n twacult-nni yellan teh'kem tamurt uqbel, d anect-a ay yeddjan Navarra ad teqqen
gher Fr'ansa si 1284 alammi d 1328. D acu kan, di tallit-nni n leh'kem afr'ensis, tessedjhed Navarra tinettit-is tasertit
(identité polit ique), yernu werdjin qbilen Yibaskiyen ad ten-teh'kem Fr'ansa. Xas akken ifuk leh'kem usrid (direct) n Fr'ansa
di Navarra, d yiwet n twacult tafr'ensist, Evreux, ay ikemmlen teh'kem tamurt. Ma d tama n Soule yewwi-tt ugellid n Fr'ansa,
Philippe le Bel di 1306, u seg yimir-n ay tughal d ah'ric si tgeldit tafr'ensist. Uguren ay tella tesâa twacult n Evreux di
Navarra ldin-as tawwurt i Ferdinand II n Aragon akken ad yesdukel tama-yagi gher tgeldit n Castilla. Ma Navarra n Wadda (negh
Navarre yellan gher tama n Fr'ansa) tewwi-tt twacult tafr'ensist n Bourbon di lqern wis XVI. Di 1607, agellid n Fr'ansa, Henri
IV (Henri III n Navarra), ay yellan si twacult-agi, ikemmel asdukel Navarra n Wadda gher Fr'ansa u seg wass-n ay tughal d
ah'ric si tmurt-a, tlehh'u s usad'uf n Fr'ansa. Ma d Navarra taspenyulit, xas akken tella d ah'ric si Spenyul s yisem, kemmlent
tsuda-yines (institutions) a xeddment alammi d 1841, asmi ay d asen-ttwakksen i lh'ekkam ibaskiyen n tama-nni iglamen-nsen
(pr ivilèges). Yugh lh'al, teghli Tmurt n Yibaskiyen di bedd'u akk d leh'kem aberr'ani imi, si tama, Ibaskiyen ur nudan ara
ad d-gen tamurt meqqren yedduklen, si tama nnid'en, timura d-yezzin fell-as llant ugarent Tamurt n Yibaskiyen di ldjehd. Di
1959, snulfan-d yighelnaz'riyen (nationalistes) ibaskiyen yiwet n tuddsa (organisation) timselleh't, isem-is E.T.A, d tin
ara yekkaten i lmend n uzarug (indépendance) n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen di Spenyul, xas akken tettunefk-as tfulmant (autonomie)
i tama-yagi akk d Navarra di 1980.
Arut-agh-d, gret-d tamawin-nwen, neqqar lâeslama i s kra
n tebrat ara d agh-d-yawd'en sghur-wen.
Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen
BP 129, Poste Didouche Mourad
16006,
Alger, Algérie
E-mail : adadam89@yahoo.fr
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text:
Aggur:Tasenselkimt
Amgrad n wassa
Asurif (خطوة) neɣ (étape) 1 : Almmud n uskkil alatin n Tmaziɣt
Agemmay n tmaziɣt (alatini) :
G.M (ger tamawt : N.B) : Zik llan iskkilen "ț", "ʐ", macc ɣilad ur sul llin.
Tawlaft n ɣassa
Tigzmin/ifrḍiṣn n Uselkim :
Imgrad mqqurnin n Tasenselkimt
Taggayyin n Tasenselkimt
Aselkim :
Aselkim neɣ Aslkim (s taɛrabt : حاسوب, s tfransist : Ordinateur) ar daɣ as naqqra s wassaɣ n Amssuds, ig nḍfar Asnml n Alan Turin; Aselkim iga yan unagraw asɣiwsan n usmkl n Unɣmis,Aselkim ar isuwwray s tiɣri y-inmalan n yat tugt n tiɣlaf, ittyawssnmalan g iɣawasn, ɣayadd ad izzgarn timhal timẓlatin d timiḍanin.
Tuṣkiwt tafggant n Uselkim n ɣassad tsnnd f tamẓla takniwt d izwal ittyawɛdaln seg izwal ikniwn, seg-ma ittyuɛdal uselkim ar izzgar tiɣlaf yat s yat bac at addjnt ayɣer,iswwuri, iɛawd yara tugt n isfka ittyussan g yat timktit immutn n usnti. Aram d unḍaw afadan art ttadjan ayzri s taɣlft d issudan ilma iswwuri s isfka darɣ illan g tawnnaḍt n twwuri.
Tigzmin n uslkim
Aẓur n yism
Assaɣ ad n Uselkim : Ordinateur ittyusmrs d tikklt tamzwarut dar IBM n Franṣa g usggas n 1955, issmrst Jacques Perret bac ad ur ssmrasn assuɣel n wassaɣ nns angliz Computer.
s izwer g tfransist llan mnnaw n wassaɣn : Ordonnateur (celui qui met en ordre) , ordinatrice électronique , calculateur
G Tanglizt assaɣ nns igat : Computer : dars anamk n walli issiḍin nɣ walli ittḥsabn.
G tmaziɣt assaɣ nns igat Aselkim : s unamk n walli isslkamn nɣ walli d isslkamn inɣmisn. ili wassaɣ yaḍni, atigan d amssuds.
Amzruy
Assnulfu amzwaru n Uselkim illa g usggas n 1944, ismas ɣakudan Mark I nɣ assaɣ nns ikmmln igat : IBM ASCC (Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator), ssnulfant g tsddawit n Harvard g iwankn munnin n Marikan.
Acku ur illi yan usnml ibayn n Uselkim ɣayan af ur nzzḍar anini man uzmz g d-ibayn uselkim, llan tugt n wallaln macc ur nzzḍar anini mas gan id babas imzwwra n uselkim nɣ uhu, zund ukan :
- Allal amsɣiws n ussiḍn : issnulfat Charles Babbage g usggas n 1837.
Awsat g Wikipidya
- Tram ad tdrum? Ɣṛat ilugann d taratin, tḍfṛm aylli illan ɣ tasniwin n Tiwizi. Ur d iqqan uzmmem mac ittuwṣṣa sis
- Awsat ɣ tirra n imgradn n Wikipidya s tutlayt Taclḥit af ad yimɣur uggar.
- Iɣ tsɣawsat s tiwisi ɣ tirra n imnnitn, tẓḍaṛt ad nn taggʷt ɣ Tasna n Tiwisi.


text:
Awal-nnaɣ, mačči akken ad d-nernu tuzzma deffir temlilit n wid iṭṭfen anzel di Lezzayer tamanaɣt (adabu), akked imyuraren d-iwwin tabuqalt n laâr si Doha (1). Iban ur iffir, ma d amkan n jiniral ameqqran, mačči d win i d amkan-is.
Awal-nnaɣ mačči d tuzzma ɣef wid yuraren din, neɣ wid yewwten abendayer d tiɣratin mi d-usan imyuraren si Doha. Targagayt n tqesrit tella deg-nnaɣ, deg idammen si zik ; gan-as inzi imezwura (2).
Tamsalt-a tesban-d anda yella wugur ameqqran di tmurt n Lezzayer akked tmura n Tmazɣa akken akk llant.
Ugur, d asɣen yellan gar tmura n Tmazɣa (Taferka n Ugafa), akked tmura n wagmuḍ i yellan akkin i Maser, d Agmuḍ Anemmas/‘’Moyen Orient’’. Asɣen yellan, d ddin n tinneslemt, d tutlayt n taârabt, neɣ yella wayen nniḍen ?
D win i yessefken ad ifru akken ad ikkes uxeclaw di tiṭ. Acku, tamurt n Lezzayer yiwet i yellan, ur izmir yiwen ad as-iqqen sin wudmawen, sin imezruyen imgaraden.
- Amur ameqqran n Izzayriyen ẓran nitni d Imaziɣen, mɣin-d si nnig 30 leqrun n umezruy neɣ ugar, seg imennuɣen n ijedditen-nsen, mi yeffeɣ yiwen imnekcem ad d-yas wayeḍ deg umkan-is. D amezruy n Tmazɣa, ilha neɣ diri-t, wicqa, tamurt tella ur tengir,
- Illa umur n Izzayriyen i yesderɣel udabu akked ikabaren, si tallit n PPA n Messali armi d FLN, akked wid n tinneslemt ass-a, wid i yefkan iẓuran-nsen akkin i Sinaï. Zun syin i d-frurxen, d ddin i ten-id-islulen mačči d aẓar. Tikerkas ttwassnent ; d aseqdec n umezruy i wammud/lfayda n tsertit taârabt-tinneslemt.
Yal amdan izmer ad iwwet ad d-iqqen aẓar-is ansi yebɣa, si yal tamurt, ad iseddu yal tamacahutt (légende), ma d tin ara yernun ccan i yijedditent-is, akken ccan-nni akked tfenṭazit ad t-id-awḍen netta. D ayen illan di yal tamurt. S tedrimt, llan wid yettarun amezruy ‘’sur mesure’’, i twacult ibɣan ad d-tesnulfu tajaddit ur nelli !
Di tallit-is, baba-s n Abdelqader Ibnu Hacem (Emir Abdelkader), isnulfa-d aẓar si tmurt n Hiǧaz (Saâudya), inna-yas-d lmelk : « mmi-k ad ibedd d agellid » !
Deg umagrad-a, ur d-nessekcam tiḥila n « curafa » i d-issemɣin ijedditen-nsen si tmurt n Mekka, akken ad sxedmen ddin ineslem i lfayda-nsen, taggara ad asen-sudunen yemdanen aqerru-nsen d ufus-nsen.
Anda yella wugur, mačči di tmucuha yellan, ugur d wid iran ad beddlen udem akked umezruy i tmurt deg llan, akken ad tt-skecmen di tmucuha-nsen.
Tidett, ulac tamurt ibedden ɣef yiwen uẓar kan n warraw-is. Tamurt tbedd ɣef izerfan isdduklen arraw-is, ansi bɣun usan-d, akken bɣun ilin, d imellalen, d iberkanen neɣ d iwraɣen, akken ibɣu yili ddin-nsen neɣ ur illi.
Izzayriyen-a i yeqqnen iman-nsen ɣer wagmuḍ, drus i yellan, d wid i yewten di 1948 ad fken Izzayriyen (volontaires) akken ad nnaɣen, ad mmten di Palestine, syin snulfan-d ayen meqqren ugar di 1949 (crise dite berbériste).
Ar ass-a, mazal d-neffiɣ si tḥila-nni. Tura d asuffeɣ n wannay n Palestine di yal tikli, di yal annar deg tufrar tmurt n Lezzayer, zun d tarbibt n tmura nniḍen.
Maca, ur iffir yiwen iṭij s uɣerbal. D nitni i d irbiben n Doha, n Ryad,… mačči d tamurt-nnaɣ.
Aumer U Lamara, écrivain
Timerna / Notes :
1) ‘’Coupe arabe !’’. Snulfan-d beṭṭu gar tmura deg unnar n football i yesdduklen amaḍal, nnig ONU. Azekka ad d-tennulfu ‘’coupe Romanoff’’ (ɣas tella deg wayen nniḍen !). Idrimen n petrol n igelliden n wagmuḍ (Qatar, Emirates, Sâudya) skecmen tawekka di yal tamurt.
2/ « Awtul d afessas, rnu-yas abendayer ».


text:
Tabuzegrayezt
Tabuzegrayezt (Assaɣ ussnan: Motacilla) d tawsit n yijqiwen meẓẓiyen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tbuzegrayzin. Tawacult-a tegber seg 13 n telmas yettaken assaɣ ɣer ubusbis. Dɣa tella yiwet n telmest isem-is tabuzegrayezt n teẓgi tettumeggez d tawsit yemgaraden (Dendronanthus).
Umuɣ n telmas[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
S unect n usesmel n uswir amsaylal agraɣlan:
- Tabuzegrayezt tawraɣt — (Motacilla flava)
- Tabuzegrayezt tawraɣt n usamar — (Motacilla tschutschensis)
- Bu tqerruyt tawraɣt — (Motacilla citreola)
- Tabuzegrayezt n Cap — (Motacilla capensis)
- Tabuzegrayezt n tsafin — (Motacilla cinerea)
- Tabuzegrayezt n Madagaskar — (Motacilla flaviventris)
- Tabuzegrayezt tamellalt — (Motacilla alba)
- Tabuzegrayezt n Tferka — (Motacilla aguimp)
- Tabuzegrayezt wedrar — (Motacilla clara)


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Difficultés de l’expression écrite en langue maternelle tamazight chez les apprenants des classes de la 4ème année moyenne
Date2016
Author
Boudjedaimi, Tassadit
Boukhari, Saliha
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
Tutlayt tamaziɣt d tutlayt tayemmat n ugdud amaziɣ, yes-s i d-yettbeggin umaziɣ timagit-is. Tekcem ɣer uɣerbaz i tikkelt tamezwarut deg useggas n 1995. Tuɣal d taɣelnawt deg tmurt n Lezzayer deg useggas n 2003, d tunṣibt seg 07 meɣres 2016. Di taɣult tamsinent, aselmed d ulmad n tutlayin yettemgirid. Deg ulmad, inelmaden ttmagaren-d uguren. Γef waya i yessefk ɣef uselmad ad iwelleh inelmaden-is s usexdem n wallalen isegmisanen d tarrayin n uselmed iwatan. Ulamma xas ɛeddan ugar n 20 n yiseggasen ɣef unekcum n tmaziɣt ɣer uɣerbaz, inelmaden mazal-iten ur ssinen ara ad arun akken ilaq. Seg unadi nteɣ nessaweḍ nessumer-d tifrat i wuguren ay d-ttmagaren yinelmaden deg tira-nsen s tmaziɣt. Maca uqbel neɛreḍ ad nefk tiririt i tmukrist-nteɣ i tuttra-agi tagejdant : « Ayɣer inelmaden n useggas wis ukkuẓ n uɣerbaz alemmas ttafen uguren deg urmud n ufares s tira? Uqbel ad nekcem deg umahil-nteɣ, nezzwer-d kra n turdiwin : - Di tazwara ad d-nini ahat igulen-agi kkan-d seg lexsas n yiluɣma n ufares s tira, - Tis snat, yezmer ahat seg useɣti i xeddmen yiselmaden neɣ yigrawen n yinelmaden i d-yekka wugur agi, - Akken yezmer daɣen ad yili wugur agi di tarrayin i sexdamen yiselmaden deg uselmed n tutlayin yemxallafen, amedya n tenfaliyin timawiyin neɣ tid yettwajerrḍen akked yirmad n tutlayt. Tazrawt-nteɣ tebḍa ɣef kraḍ n yiḥricen, ha-ten-id : I. Ixef amezwaru Deg yixef-agi nefka-d kra n tbadutin yesɛan assaɣ d usentel, tibadutin n kra n wawalen igejdanen, amedya : tasegmisent, asenfar, tira, assaɣ ger tira d tɣuri... Ad d-nefk daɣen kra n yinadiyen yettwaxedmen uqbel ɣef usentel-nteɣ. II. Ixef wis sin Deg-s ad nawwi-d awal ɣef umezruy n tutlayt n tmaziɣt seg tallit n tegrawla deg tmurt n Lezzayer armi d asmi tuɣal d tutlayt d taɣelnawt tunṣibt. Syin akin nebder-d kra n tarrayin n uselmed i yettusxedmen deg yiɣarbazen seg wasmi yebda uselmed n tutlayt n tmazight almi d ass-agi. III. Ixef wis krḍ Ur nekcim ara deg tesleḍt almi d-nefka kra n tbadutin i yeqqnen ɣer urmud n tira akken ad d-nbeggen amgirred yellan gar-asent. nesseḍfer-d i tbadutin-agi tasleḍt n yigulen, ama d ayen yerzan talɣa, ama d ayen yerzan agbur, nessegza-ten-id akken daɣen d-nebder kra n yimedyaten seg tenfalliyin i d-nejmaɛ seg yiɣerbazen. Tabadut n usenfali s tira Asenfali s tira d armud yezdin aselmed n tira s timad-is, yes-s i yessenfalay umdan iḥulfan-is, asenfali-agi yezmer ad yili s ccna, s wunuɣ neɣ s wawalen. Yal asenfali yettawi izen i win ara t-yeɣren neɣ win ara s-yeslen. Asenfali s tira yesɛa azal nezzah imi yettɛawan bab-is akken ad yissin tira. Tabadut n wagul deg usenfali s tira Agul d lexṣaṣ deg wayen yerzan aḥric n tussna. Imi agul ibeddel unamek i as fkan zik ɣef win i yekseb ɣer taggara-agi, yuɣal d allal i d-yessebganen i uselman uguren i d-ttemlilin inelmaden. Tarrayt n usenfar tefka i unelmad tesriḥ akken ad yexdem ugulen, s yis-sen i ilemmed. Ma di tarrayt tamensayt, ur ilaq ara ɣef unelmad ad yexdem ugulen, ad d-yer deg ikayaden ayen yelmed si tmusniwin. III.1 Anawen n yigulen III.1.1 Igulen n talɣa Talɣa tettili tṣeḥḥa mi ara iqader unelmad xersum setta-agi n yilugan: taferket ma zeddiget neɣ ala, tira ma tettwafham, azwel, beṭṭu n weḍris d tiseddarin, ilem ger tseddarin, asekkil ameqran, ilem uqbel beddu n tira, d usigez. Mi nesleḍ isenfaliyen u d-nejmaɛ, nufa-d igemmuden mgaraden, yella win iqudren ilugan-agi i d-nebder, yella win i ten izeglen. Aya yessebgen-aɣ-d belli inelmaden xuṣṣen timusniwin yaɛnan talɣa n weḍris.


text:
Sufian ḥebssen-t imsulta n lzzayer ass n 27 deg unbir 2019 di tɣiwant-is di Leezib bla ma yezra iwacu. Wten-t u yerna eedben-t deg uxxam n imsulta n Leezib rnan-as deg win n Burj Mnayel.
Seedan-t ɣer umsireb(procureur), id as-inan ad t-rren ur lḥebs n laeḍil. S lḥers n ugdud d kra imeɣnassen : n izerfan n wemdan, n teɣdemt uk d widen n teqbaylit, serḥend s leeḍil i Sufyan deg 2 di yennayer 2020, ayeeddin zdat teɣdemt n Burğ Mnayel ass n 28 di duǧember 2020.
Tajmilt ad t-uɣal iw mastan (avocat) Qader Ḥwali, ig-bedden akk d mass Babasi si tazwara. D win ig-fedḥen adabu azzayri ig xedmen lbatel ɣef umeɣnas n laezib.


text:
World of A Song of Ice and Fire
Amaḍal asugnan aydeg iṛumanen A Song of Ice and Fire n George R. R. Martin dran yetwagzam s aṭas imenẓawen. Amur ameqran tedra deg umenẓaw n Westeros, neɣ Sat Tigeldiwin. Yesɛa idetti tẓat tigeldiwin (Agafa, Tigzirin n Uzzal, Akal n Isafen, Iɣzer, Akal n Ataram, Akal n Tizekkiwin, Targa, Akal n Tikuṛunin, d Dorne)[S 1][1][2].
World and fictional history Ẓreg
Westeros Ẓreg
Essos Ẓreg
Other landmasses Ẓreg
MapsẒreg
Agafa (The North) Ẓreg
Agafa (The North) d azgen n ugafa n Sat Tigeldiwin[3] dɣa yettwaḥkem sɣur Axxam Stark seg Winterfell.[4] Agafa d ameqran qrib anect sḍiset tigeldiwin nniḍen ttwassemlilent, maca yesɛa cwit kan n imezdaɣen.[5] Martin yequren Agafa s Tikust.[S 2] D asemmiḍ deg Ugafa; yekkat wadfel s uskir maca deg akkw tisemhuyin, yili tigersin ttwaglament am aken d tiweɛṛanin macci d kra.[5] Talast tagafat n aẓi d New Gift, azawag n wakal n 80 km yettwammestenen sɣur Taɛessast n Iḍ.[6]
WinterfellẒreg
Winterfell d tamdint tazaykarawant n axxam Stark, inebbaḍen n ugafa n Westeros. Yettwabnu sɣur Brandon Stark « ameṣkaw » (Bran the Builder), d yiwen n igelliden imezwura n Ugafa, d netta yellan deg taneṣlit n Aɣrab. Ɣas anezwi n Ugafa, imezdaɣen n Winterfell ur tenyenɣa ara usemmiḍ acku tamdint tettwabnu ɣef tala n waman aḥmayan yettɛaddan gar iɣerban sɣur anagraw amegzu n iẓeṭwan n tregwa|, i ttsseḥmun aka tizeɣwin d tixxamin dɣa yetssinef tagrist n lqaɛa, deg unebdu am deg tagrest[R 1].
The WallẒreg
Beyond the WallẒreg
PykeẒreg
Old WykẒreg
The RiverlandsẒreg
HarrenhalẒreg
RiverrunẒreg
The TwinsẒreg
The Vale of ArrynẒreg
The EyrieẒreg
The WesterlandsẒreg
Casterly RockẒreg
The ReachẒreg
OldtownẒreg
The StormlandsẒreg
Storm's EndẒreg
The CrownlandsẒreg
DragonstoneẒreg
King's LandingẒreg
DorneẒreg
Free Cities and vicinity Ẓreg
BraavosẒreg
PentosẒreg
VolantisẒreg
Other Free Cities Ẓreg
Central EssosẒreg
ValyriaẒreg
Dothraki Sea Ẓreg
LhazarẒreg
Slaver's Bay Ẓreg
AstaporẒreg
YunkaiẒreg
MeereenẒreg
Summer SeaẒreg
Basilisk IslesẒreg
Summer Islands Ẓreg
Eastern EssosẒreg
Red WasteẒreg
QarthẒreg
Unvisited lands Ẓreg
Asshai and the Shadow Lands Ẓreg
IbbenẒreg
Yi TiẒreg
Plains of Jogos NhaiẒreg
Sothoros or SothoryosẒreg
TiwelhiwinẒreg
- ↑ A Game of Thrones, Arya I, p. 71.
- ↑ A Game of Thrones, Appendix: House Martell, p. 830.
- ↑ A Game of Thrones, Map.
- ↑ A Game of Thrones, Bran I, p. 14.
- ↑ 5,0 et 5,1 A Game of Thrones, Eddard I, p. 41.
- ↑ A Storm of Swords, Bran III, p. 546.
Tuccḍa n temsisɣelt: Des balises
existent pour un groupe nommé « S », mais aucune balise
correspondante n’a été trouvée
Tuccḍa n temsisɣelt: Des balises
existent pour un groupe nommé « R », mais aucune balise
correspondante n’a été trouvée


text:
Tagwanect
Tagwancit neɣ Tasekenit neɣ Tamaziɣt tanegzirt d tagrawt n yirzan n tutlayin timaziɣin s wacu llan ttmeslayen yimaziɣen n Tegzirin Tiknariyin (Igwanciyen) send ma ad tenger di tsut tis 18 (ɣas akken di tsut tis 19 mazal llant kra n tɣerfin mazal ttmeslayen-tt yis). Tura, tutlayt Tagwancit temmut, yerna ur d-yelli ara uqeddic adeblan i wakken ad tt-ssidren.
Isem[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Asesmel asnilsan[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Amezruy[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Aglam asnilsan[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tira[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Imedyaten[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Imniren[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tagwanect". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.


text:
Hewwari Bumedyen
Hewwari Bumedyen (ilul seg yisem n Muḥemmed Ben Brahim Buxerruba deg 23 Ɣuct 1932 deg Ɛin Ḥsayneyya, Galma - yemmut deg 27 Dujember 1978 deg temdint n Ldzayer tamaneɣt), d aserdas azzayri, d aselway wis sin n tmurt n Lezzayer (deffir uzarug), gar 1965 ed 1976, yerna yeqdec d aselway n Useqqamu n Tegrawla gar 1965 d 1976.
Deg tallit n Tegrawla n Ldzayer, yefka i yiman-nnes isem n Hewwari Bumedeyn yerna yuweḍ ɣer tfesna n weknaner. Deg 1959, yeqqel d Imḍebber Aɛlayan n Yigen n Weslelli Aɣelnaw. Asmi ay tuwey Ldzayer azarug-nnes deg 1962, Bumedyen yeqqel d aneɣlaf n temḥaddit ddaw uselway Ḥmed Ben Bella, am wakken ay yeṭṭef amkan n wenmazul n Uneɣlaf Amezwaru gar 1963 d 1965. Deg wass n 17 Yunyu 1965, Bumedyen yesseɣli Ben Bella seg udabu yerna yeqqel d netta d aselway n tegduda. Deg wass n 20 Yunyu n useggas-nni, yerna yeṭṭef ula d amkan n Uneɣlaf Amezwaru.


text:
Aseggas
Aseggas neɣ Aseggʷas (Asget: iseggasen) d akud id tettaṭaf tegnit i wakken ad tezzi (ad tt-fakk tuzzya tummidt) ɣef tfukt, Ma yella deg teswasin tigrigurin d akud yudsen ar wakud n tuzzya n tegnit ɣef tfukt
Deg iseggasen yezwaren 1582 d Taswast tajulyant i yellan tettusexdem i wsiden (leḥsab) anda teɣzi n useggas-is tegda 365,25 n wussan maca sin akin (seld 1582) yuɣal d taswast tagrigurt i yettusexdem teɣzi n useggas-is tegda 365،2425 n wussan
Ɣer imaziɣen tettusexdem taswast tamaziɣt yezwaren taswast tagrigurt s 950 n iseggasen maca teɣzi n useggas-is tegda teɣzi n useggas Deg teswast tagrigurt


text:
Imezdaɣ Iknariyen ttemlussunen aked tussna-nnsen n Tmaziɣt. Tameggarut-a azgen ameqqran zzag-s isefeḍ-itt uḥewwes Aspanyu i yekkin xemsa n lqrun. Wami Ispuniya, adu tili n isni n Castille, bdan ttḥewwsen zeg umeggaru n lqern wis xemẓṭac tigzirin Tiknariyin. Tigzirin-a tina ttuɣa-tent zedɣen-tent Igwanciyen, ina d ca n tqebbal d Timaziɣin, aẓur-nnsen zi tefrikt. Imezdaɣ mkabaren aṭṭas maḥend ad nnufslen zeg uḥewwas amaynu i ɣer-sen d-innerzfen. Maca waxxa amenni, rẓin-ten Ikastiyuten deg useggas n 1496. Ispuniyta sekken aṭṭas zeg yinni inejmen ɣer tegzirt Taybirit, ma inni iqqimen di Tinirifi dewlen ttemseddaren aked tudert d ddin amaynu n iḥewwasen. Agdud Aknari, yedwel yefsi aked iḥewwasen Iwruppawiyen. Luxa aṭṭas zeg Iknariyen tteggen tizemmar maḥend ad awḍen ad afen tawengimt-nnsen iweḍḍren.
Tibridin i zi ttessnen iẓewran-nnsen: DNA d tesnilest
Iknariyen ḍeffren aṭṭas n tussniwin maḥend ad d-ssufɣen Tmaziɣt-nnsen zi tili: Am amezruy, tarkyulujit, tiṭnugrafit d tesnilest tamezruyant. S ifessayen n DNA d trezzutin n tesnilest dewlen ḍeffren tisuraf n lejdud-nnsen Imaziɣen. Alaḥsab tiɣuriwin i dd-yeffɣen n ttyarita, nettaf ajinum-nnsen « génome » yegga acnaw Imẓabiyen niɣ Iseḥrawiyen. Aferdis-a ajini (l’élément génétique) ɛad aqqa-t yeḥḍar deg imezdaɣ n yiḍ-a n tegzirin Tiknariyin. Ula kṭer ɣer temɣarin, minzi Ispuniya i dd-yusin ttuɣa-ten deg wezgen ameqqran-nnsen d irgazen.
Din wi yeqqaren aqqa Igwanciyen usin-dd ɣer tegzirin-a di lqern wis xemsa qbel ma ad dd-ilul ɛisa d beddu umi d-ttban tmasiḥit. Ula kṭer wami wer ufin ca n iceqfan n iɣerruba, nzemmer ad nefhem zi manaya ila axmi kul twalat ttasen-d cwayt zzag-sen ɣer tegzirin-a akked ibeḥriyen Ipunikiyen niɣ Irumaniyen. Tirezzutin timeggura mmlint-idd ila agdud-a ttuɣa wer yeɛlim ca ca n tussna n min iqqnen ɣer ubeḥḥer. S uya, imerzuten qqaren qa ad yili usin-dd aked Irumaniyen, min ittejjan ila abeddel jar tigzirin Tiknaryin ttuɣa yudrus aṭṭas.
Nessen ɛawed ila weyyen-dd akid-sen imudar n tudrin – tiɣaṭin, tixeswin, ilfan, iṭan- akid-s imendi, ibawen d irden. Ttuɣa zeddɣen deg yifran, tteggen tafellaḥt, sseyman wulli.
Timessna n ijjen umezruy yettwattun
Igwanciyen d Imaziɣen weḥḥd-sen i wer idwilen ca d imeslmen. Taɣerma-nnsen alaḥal kksent-idd Ispunya zeg weẓwar-nnes. Maca waxxa amenni, tejja ca n iceqfan d limart min xef ttɛeqqaben deg iseggusa-ya imeggura. Ufin deg yifran ca n isekkilen ggin ameknaw Tifinaɣ, isekkilen n yiles Amaziɣ.
Awerni i uḥewwes n tegzirin Tiknariyin, tedwel Taspanyut d iles unsib. Waxxa imezdaɣ n teẓra-ya ttuɣa ɣer-sen iles-nnsen. Yettwassen s Tmaziɣt Taknarit. Ismawen n ibilajen, ttekniyat-nnsen, d leɛwayed-nnsen wer zemmren ad ten-fehmen ɣir mala kkin-dd x tussna n Tmaziɣt. Waxxa Tmaziɣt-nnsen tweḍḍer, nettaf ila Taspanyut n Ikanariyen ɛad teḥḍa ca n wawalen ɣer-sen aẓwar d Maziɣ.
Ass-a, Iknariyen dag-sen mezri n twengimt-nnsen ittwattun. Din ij n lxedmet d tameqqrant n trezzut i yexsen ad tɛawed lebni i tnettit-a tadelsant. Mala Tmaziɣt-nnsen tewḍa di tattut, nettaf ila Tmaziɣt-nnsen teqqim deg tegzirt n Tnirifi ar lqern sbeɛṭac, maca di tegzirin nniḍen ippudar tili teqqim ar lqern tseɛṭac.
Abrid n tmessna n yiẓewran n Igwanciyen
Ca n iseggusa zeg wami, tban-dd ij n tutra n tnettit Tamaziɣt, tgeɛɛed aked timessna s tussna n wemkan-a qbel ma ad dd-asen Ispuniya. Asit n Iẓuran ixeddem mliḥ maḥend ad ifser timessna-ya, s twiza aked lxedmet n tmesmunin tidelsanin d trezzutin timassanin i yettxen ad kksent tduli x wagla-ya adelsan n Iknariyen. Tteggen fictat ɛawed deg ibilajen iqdimen, ameknaw n ficta n Beñesmer i yetteggen maḥend ad ssemɣaren tmeyra n tɣuct.


text:
Tacnuɣa
Tacnuɣa neɣ tacka n udayen neɣ tasinagugt neɣ lkanis d adeg i deg ttẓallan wudayen Aẓar n tecka-agi , anamek-is d adeg ideg ttemlilin lmumnin akken ad ẓẓallen ɣer uɛelṭar n ufakan iqeddsen ; ɣer yimceyyɛen d yinelmaden-nsen . Tasinagugt am wadeg iiqeddsen ɣer wudayen tuɣal akkaseg lexdayem n Ɛezra . Syin syin trennu deg wazal armi tuɣal d taḍrist tudayt n tmezdayt tamasiḥit
Ifakanen sɛan adeg iqeddsen ,tazqa n tẓallit , tesɛa idlisen n Turah , tezmer daɣen ad tesɛu taxxamt i umeslay ɣef tmetti . tseɛu daɣen tixxamin meẓẓiyit i ulmud : xas akken tacka n udayen tella d adeg n tẓallit di tazzwara , maca yuɣal deg umezruy uday d adeg n telmud d turah , anamek-is sse"lmaden deg-s ansayen d tutlayt taɛibrit , ama i wid meqqren ama i yilmeẓyen . Iban-d wannecta ɣer Filu askendri , ɣer wudayen n Beniz d udayen n tmura tibelqaniyin , i yettmeslayen s tutlayt tayidicit , semman i yfakanen didaskalya neɣ Skula neɣ Udi anamek-is aɣerbaz . Mazal ismawen agi id-yemmalen afakn qqarenten wid yettmeslayen taydicit .
Filu askendri d lɛahed amaynut ssexdamayen awal agrigi aqbur πpoσeuxή id-yemmalen taẓallit syin adeg n tẓallit .


text:
Azref n Veto
Azref n Veto neɣ Azref n tsentilt d azref n tsentilt ɣef yal aɣtas id yettak useqqamu n tɣellist n agreɣlan war ma yessedfer-d isragen (ssebat) fell-as, Azrefa-a yettunefk i 5 n yigmamen imeɣlalen deg useqqamu n tɣellist agreɣlan. Igmamen-a gan d:
Awal n VETO ur d-yettubder ara deg werkawal n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen maca yettubder-d Azref n tsentilt, Dɣa anamek-is n tidet iga d azref n weɣṛay n weɣtas mači kan d tasentilt acku ma yessentel yiwen n ugmam neɣ yeffeɣ mgal kra n weɣtas ad yili icaṭ fell-as i wakken ad yettwikkes weɣtas-nni yerna ur izerri ara yakk ɣas ma yella yettwaddeg (yettwaqbel) sɣur n 14 n igmamen niden (igan d Igmamen imiranen)
Asemres n wezref n Veto[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Seg wass mi id t-nnulfa Tuddsa n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen deg useggas n 1945 ittusemres (ittusexdem) wezref n Veto azal n 257 n tikkal: (Tiddukla n Suvyit d tmekkasut-s Rusya 123 n tikkal, Iwunak Yeddukklen n Temrikt 76 n tikkal, Tagelda Yeddukklen 32 n tikkal, Fṛansa 18 n tikkal, Ccinwa 8 n tikkal


text:
Asinag Agldan n Tussna Tamaziɣt
Asinag Agldan n Tussna Tamaziɣt (s usgzl, SGSM : asinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt, niɣ IRCAM) tga yat n tmrslt tagldant illuln ɣ usggas n 2001 tili tama n ugllid Muḥmmd Wiss Ṣḍiṣ d ddu n umur nns. Isbdd uḍahiṛ agldan amattuy (uṭṭun 1-01-299), f mi isrs ugllid azwl nns ass n 17 kṭubṛ 2001 ɣ ujdir, tirsal nns, iswuttu tinagmaḍin nns d isuyas n twuri nns.
Tga tmazzalt n usinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt ad yuc amnad nns i ugllid f isugduyn d tardasin izḍarn ad yaws ɣ usistn d tgmi n tutlayt d tussna tamaziɣt.
Ittaws usinag, s tmdrawt n tnbaḍt d tmrsal nnḍnin, ɣ uzzgr n tsrtiyin nna f d imsasa ugllid. iɣ ukccum n tmaziɣt s udus asgman d imassn n umyawaḍ d yigr agdudan awttas n tsrtiyin ad.
Iṣka usinag tawuri nns, ḥma ad ismd timazzalin nns, f tiggawin n usiggl iɣawsn lli snmalan wammasn n usiggl, imsasa d fllasnt usqqim n tmassagurt. yus d ɣ tguriwin n uḍahiṛ agldan blli uman isuyas n twuri nns tillal a :
Iwttasn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Asmuttr d tirra n iwnnitn d tysi n tussna tamaziɣt d usistn d ussissn nnsn. asilli n isiggiln d tzrawin f tutlayt tamaziɣt d ussissn n tyafutin n twuriwin a. amux illa f usinag ad imasa i imsiggiln d imẓṛan iswurin ɣ igr n tussna tamaziɣt. tigmi n usnulfu anaẓuṛ ɣ yigr n tussna tamaziɣt ḥma ad yaws ɣ ussissn d usẓnẓṛ n tysi tamɣribiyt ɣ iẓmẓlayn nns iɣrmann. tazrwat n uskkil bac ad yifsus usslmd n tmaziɣt s tɣarasin a: afars n imassn ididaktikiyn, asmuttg n imawaln imattutn niɣ yin ittuẓlayn i kra n yigr. asmuttg n iɣawasn n igi ibidagujiyn izdin d usslmd amattu nɣ wid izdin d ihiln iẓlin i tiɣawsiwin tinadɣarin niɣ i tudrt tasgawant; tiwisi ɣ usmuttg n ihiln n usddnki intti nɣ izubdan iẓlin i imssugar ibidagujiyn yusin tamasayt n usslmd n tmaziɣt, niɣ imswura d imggayn isɣawsan s ussuggy n tmaziɣt ɣ twuri nnsn, niɣ ca n yijj ixsn ad tt ilmd ad innal tisdawiyin ɣ usnmili n wammasn n usiggl d tnflit tusnilsit d tussnant n tmaziɣt asili n tɣariwin d imassn iẓḍaṛn ad ssgmun adɣar n tmaziɣt ɣ usayrur n umsawaḍ d unɣmis azzgr n izdayn n tnmasart d umyawas ussnan d umssunan d tmrsal d isinagn inamurn nɣ imaḍlann lli dar llan zun d iwttasn n usinag. ḥma ad ismd usinag timazzalin a d tillal kidsnt izdin, inmala usinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt, iggi n ussqim n tmssagurt, f snat n tṣkiwin : tamzwarut tamssagurt nni ɣ tlla tnbdadt, tanflust tamattut d igzda yaḍn, d tiss snat tuṣkiwt takadimiyt ibḍan f wammasn n usiggl.
Inaw n ujdir[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Inna ugllid muḥmmd wiss ṣḍiṣ ɣ yinaw n udabu ass n 30 yulyuz 2001, aqqa ixṣ ad isbdd asinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt. timazzalin nns : ad iswingm, yaws ɣ usslkm n tsrtit n usistn d tgmi n tussna tamaziɣt. yus d ɣ yinaw ad yict n tsqqimt tazmzant n usmuttg n uḍahiṛ iran ad isbdd, iswuttu, isnmala tiwuriwin d tnagmaḍin n usinag. tuma tsqqimt ad anbdad n usinag mas muḥmmd cafiq, d mas ɛbdlɛziz mẓyan bllfqih, amsmal (amcciwr) n ugllid, d mas muḥmmd rucdi ccraybi, anmhal n umuris agldan, d mas ḥasan awrid, amsiwl s yism n iɣrm agldan, d mas ɛbdlwhhab bnmnṣuṛ, amszruy n tgldit. klant twuriwin nns zɣ ɣuct ar kṭubṛ 2001. isrs ugllid azwl nns f uḍṛiṣ n uḍahiṛ ass n 17 kṭubṛ ɣ ujdir, tama n tmdint n xnifra.
Tẓli tfrka tiss snat n twuri n usmuttg n usinag i uswingm ɣ tuskiwin tmssagurt d tin tkadimiyt d isnfarn n iḍṛiṣn n walugn agʷnsan d yin imswuritn, d ustay n inmhaln n wammasn, d usilɣ n trubba timzwura n imsiggiln, d usnmili n uzdduɣ nns amzwaru illan ɣ uẓya n ṛyaḍ ɣ tmdint n ṛbaḍ. iggi n uya, iga unbdad n usinag tuggt n igiwrn d imsawaln isnfk imnadn d tugniwin n umussu amsmunan amaziɣ d tsqqimt tamzmzant f umuɣ imdan n igmamn n usqqim n tmssagurt. ass n 27 yunyuh ad isml ugllid igmamn n usqqim n tmssagurt.
Issnti usinag tawuri nns s yigiwr amzwaru n usqqim n tmssagurt ussan n 25 d 26 yulyuz 2002. ittuẓlay i umsasa f iḍṛiṣn n tuddsa n usinag, isbdd ict n tsqqimt tamasayt n ad tsmd i maya. tzzri tannayin nns i usqqim, lli iskrn ad imun ɣ 31 kṭubṛ d 1 nuwanbir. mk lli d imsasa f iɣawasn n tiggawt n wammasn iẓlin s isggʷasn 2002-2003.
Myawaynt twuriwin timzwura n usqqim n tmssagurt n usinag d ukccum n trubba timzwura n imsiggiln, lli d ikkan timrsal tigdudan n tgldit. ssntin tawuri ɣ usinag zɣ cutanbir 2002. smdn d wiyyaḍ zɣ innayr 2003.
Ammasn n urzzu[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ammas n usmsasa n tutlayt ammas n tɣuṛiwin n ufgan d umadan ammas n tɣuṛiwin n umzruy d uwnnaḍ ammas n isiggiln ididaktitn d iɣawasn n usgmi ammas n ussuɣl d warratn d uẓiṛug d umyawaḍ ammas n tsnmalayt d imagrawn n unɣms d umsawaḍ ammas n tɣuṛiw tinaẓuṛin d tskla d uyafu n usliẓiṛ
Tiẓṛigin usinag[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ingan[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Yuma udlis ad tawckint n tmdyazin timaynutin, ar gisnt iẓṭṭa umdyaz ulafin n umarg s imassn lli tyawssannin ɣ tirra n tmdyazt tamaynut, ar isawal f tmagit d tudrt n ufgan d tannayt nns f wayyaḍ d tannayt nns f wukkus, iṭṭay d ɣ unzgum n tudrt tulahin d iswingimn s yat twuri tamsnflult.
Tirẓi[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Yuma udlis ad timdyazin tyaranin s tɣarast tamaynut, lli ur iskan f isqqal iqburn n umarg ittyawnnan, ar gisnt isiggil umdyaz abrid nns srs iẓlin ɣ tirra s tmaziɣt, ar ittmaɣ ad yaf taɣarast nns ɣ uswingm ula ɣ twuri f tutlayt ula tulafin lli akkanin kigan d tannayin, ar immal udlis ad izd bab nns is iga ɣ tasut tamaynut n imaran lli ttazzalnin f ad skrn yan uẓmmuẓẓl amqran ɣ ubrid n tirra s tutlayt tamaziɣt.
Amawal n tjṛṛumt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iga umawal anjṛum yat tyafut ifka umyawas ingr usinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt d usinag anamur n tutlayin d tɣrmiwin n unqqr. ittusta yigr n tsnirmt tanjrumt afad ad yaws ɣ usslmd n tmaziɣt ɣ lmɣrib d dzayr. asddi n tguriwin illan ɣ umawal a iẓli s umata s tjṛṛumt, mqqar yuma ca n tguriwin n tsnilst. iwads udlis ad, ɣ tizwiri, islmadn d imḥḍaṛ n tmaziɣt d ku ma ay d iran ad yisin tiguriwin n yigr anjṛum. nttaf digs tiguriwin nna f ibdd uslmd n tmaziɣt. ittyara umawal ad s kkuẓt n tutlayin: tamaziɣt d taɛrabt d tfransist d tnglizt.
Asuds[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ammasn n urzzu[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Izddar[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Ammas n tzrawin tinfuṛmatikanin d isistmn n usnɣms d umyawaḍ (anyalkam)
Annag izwarn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Ammas n usuɣl d untam d publication d umyawaḍ
- Ammas n tzrawin tinaẓurin d expressions tisklanin d usyafu igan audio-visuel
Annag wiss 2[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Ammas n usmsasa (asmsacka) n tutlayt
- Ammas n tzrawin tididaktiyin d iɣawasn ibidagugiyn (win usgmi)
Annag wiss 3[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Ammas n tzrawin n umzruy d
- Ammas n tzrawin tisnfgananin d
Tamssugurt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Izddar[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- tazuni n tsastalt d
- tadala n usqqim n tmssugurt
- tasdlist
- lmktb n uzmmem
Asinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt d ict n tmrslt tagldant iluln ɣ usggʷas n 2001 tili tama n ugllid muḥmmd wiss ṣḍiṣ d ddaw n umur nns. isbdd uḍahiṛ agldan amattuy (uṭṭun 1-01-299), f mi isrs ugllid azwl nns ass n 17 kṭubṛ 2001 ɣ ujdir, tirsal nns, iswuttu tinagmaḍin nns d isuyas n twuri nns. tga tmazzalt n usinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt ad yuc amnad nns i ugllid f isugduyn d tardasin izḍarn ad yaws ɣ usistn d tgmi n tutlayt d tussna tamaziɣt. ittaws usinag, s tmdrawt n tnbaḍt d tmrsal nnḍnin, ɣ uzzgr n tsrtiyin nna f d imsasa ugllid. ig ukccum n tmaziɣt s udus asgman d imassn n umyawaḍ d yigr agdudan awttas n tsrtiyin ad. iṣka usinag tawuri nns, ḥma ad ismd timazzalin nns, f tiggawin n usiggl iɣawsn lli snmalan wammasn n usiggl, imsasa d fllasnt usqqim n tmassagurt. yus d ɣ tguriwin n uḍahiṛ agldan blli uman isuyas n twuri nns tillal a :
- Asmuttr d tirra n iwnnitn d tysi n tussna tamaziɣt d usistn d ussissn nnsn.
- Asilli n isiggiln d tzrawin f tutlayt tamaziɣt d ussissn n tyafutin n twuriwin a. amux illa f usinag ad imasa i imsiggiln d imẓṛan iswurin ɣ igr n tussna tamaziɣt.
- Tigmi n usnulfu anaẓuṛ ɣ yigr n tussna tamaziɣt ḥma ad yaws ɣ ussissn d usẓnẓṛ n tysi tamɣribiyt ɣ iẓmẓlayn nns iɣrmann.
- Tazrwat n uskkil bac ad yifsus usslmd n tmaziɣt s tɣarasin a:
- Afars n imassn ididaktikiyn,
- Asmuttg n imawaln imattutn niɣ yin ittuẓlayn i kra n yigr.
- Asmuttg n iɣawasn n igi ibidagujiyn izdin d usslmd amattu nɣ wid izdin d ihiln iẓlin i tiɣawsiwin tinadɣarin niɣ i tudrt tasgawant;
- Tiwisi ɣ usmuttg n ihiln n usddnki intti nɣ izubdan iẓlin i imssugar ibidagujiyn yusin tamasayt n usslmd n tmaziɣt, niɣ imswura d imggayn isɣawsan s ussuggy n tmaziɣt ɣ twuri nnsn, niɣ ca n yijj ixsn ad tt ilmd
- Ad innal tisdawiyin ɣ usnmili n wammasn n usiggl d tnflit tusnilsit d tussnant n tmaziɣt
- Asili n tɣariwin d imassn iẓḍaṛn ad ssgmun adɣar n tmaziɣt ɣ usayrur n umsawaḍ d unɣmis
- Azzgr n izdayn n tnmasart d umyawas ussnan d umssunan d tmrsal d isinagn inamurn nɣ imaḍlann lli dar llan zun d iwttasn n usinag.
- Hma ad ismd usinag timazzalin a d tillal kidsnt izdin, inmala usinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt, iggi n ussqim n tmssagurt, f snat n tṣkiwin : tamzwarut tamssagurt nni ɣ tlla tnbdadt, tanflust tamattut d igzda yaḍn, d tiss snat tuṣkiwt takadimiyt ibḍan f wammasn n usiggl.
Awal unbdad[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tugga d tizi tamaynut ɣ tudrt n usinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt,awd ɣ ussudu asrtan n usbuɣlu n tussna tamaziɣt. s man aya, ira adtsmd twala tamzwarut d tis snat n igmamn ifggagn n usqqim n tmssagurt ɣ wayyur n yunyu 2010. ɣ yulyz ad d iddan, rad ifk usqqim yattuyn n usslmd asmuql nns f usslmd n tutlayin, ɣ tga tmaziɣt yat nnsnt. awd ttilifizyun “tamaziɣt” rad i^df^ṛ aɣaras nns d yussan. ig nu^ḍa ɣr dffir, nẓḍaṛ ad nburz s twuriwin ittugan ɣ tam n isggʷasn ad zrinin. ar nttafa timitar n watig n twuriwin ittugan: asslmd n tmaziɣt ɣ usslmd amnzu d wad yattuyn, akjjum n tutlayt d tussna tamaziɣtg igr n uslẓṛ, d usiggl amassan, d wannal n tmsmunin, d usxitr n inaẓuṛn, slwan akkʷ, i ma iẓlin i tlalit n ufray n wumu anamur ɣ lmɣrib imsasan d tmagit nns.
Tayafut ad ttwaysmad, acku tska f tɣtast tasrtiyt n bab waddur agllid muḥmmd wiss ṣḍiṣ ɣ tinawt n ujdir, mk lli tbdda tyafut ad f twuriwin n ku ma ittiɣiln ɣ imal n lmɣrib iẓẓan ɣ tmagit nns tamaziɣt-taɛṛabt, iṛẓmn f umaḍal atrar, yakʷz aggʷatn imaḍlann. s manaya, issusm aɣ bahra ad nssmɣr igmamn n usqqim ismdn tawala nnsn, s usttiy, winna yiwsn s tussna nnsn d twuriwin nnsn ad tddu tussna n tmaziɣt ɣr dat ɣ tmazirt nnɣ. s twuri n igmaman ifggagn ad as niws ɣ usku n usnfr n tmtti tadimuqṛṭit tatrart igan assitm n imal n ugdud anamur.


text:
Mala ttuɣa ɛad wer teffirjed ca di Squid Game, izemmer tili teslid x-as ɣer imeddukal niɣ teɣrid x-as ca n ḥajet.
Zeg wami i das-ḍelqen i useddi-ya di Netflix ca n tnayen n simanat zeg wami; aṭṭas n midden i dag-s ittfurrujen deg umaḍal amen yekmel.
Aseddi-ya Akuri ittirar x ijjen tirart n wen ɣa iqqimen idder. Squid Game idwel ittemḥizwar aked useddi Amirikani Bridgerton x man wen zzag-sen i yewwin aṭṭas n tmeẓra x Netflix.
Xirebbi n imeḍfaren ufin belli qelɛen-dd nnefs i usewwer i das-ggin i useddi-nni d mamec ɛawed smunen jar iwriken (les personnages) i dag-s ittiraren. Aked manaya, inni i x-as ibedden xsen a zzag-s ɣzen di tnefsiyt n bnadem. Merra manaya ijebbed-dd aṭṭas n yewdan ɣer Squid Game zeg umaḍal amen yekmel.
Taɣersiwt deg wazzareg n tiraret
Di Squid Game din 456 n uwrik nnuɣen deg umerwas d lfeclan di dduniyt. Tticen-asen ad awyen ca n 93 melyun dollar mala rebḥen deg ijjen tseddit n setta n tirarin neqqent; maca wenn ɣa ixsren, bbaḥ, ad immet.
Tirarin-a hewnent ; zemmrent ad ilint d tirarin n lebẓaweẓ i ttuɣa ttiraren imḥizwaren di temẓi-nnsen. Imken min dd-ijebbden iwdan ; d ddegg-nni n uxelleṭ jar tirarin n temẓi d mamec bnadem ittegg min ɣer-s d jjehd bac ad yawi tasemɣurt-nni n ttmenyat i ɣa issufɣen bnadem zi tnaɣit n imerwusa.
Iqqar Dong-hyeok amessufeɣ n useddi-ya : « Aɣamar i yetteggen ca n imḥizwaren qeḍɛen layas zi tudert maḥend ad rebḥen deg ijjen umḥizwar n lebẓaweẓ; d manaya i dd-ijebbden iwdan ɣer useddi-ya ».
Irni : « Tirarin hewnent, uca tettafed lxezrat n midden teqqnen ɣer isegbaren (les acteurs) kṭer zi mamec teqqen ɣer mamec ttiraren ».
Din ijjen tmeslayt-nniḍen i dd-jebbden imeẓra, nettat d aẓuyyet ɣer min yeɛdan ; zi manayenni tirart n lḥelwa n Dalguna i yettɛjiben i Ikuriyen, qa ssiwleɣ x-as di texrazt tis tlata n Squid Game.
Di tirart n lḥelwa-nni, kul ijjen zzag-sen ixess-as a dd-ikkes ijj n umursu n lḥelwa i yellan d tazdadt s waṭṭas d netta isxeddam ij n tseyneft ; maca mursu-nni i dd-yerẓa ixess a ɣer-s tili ij n furma.
Mala amḥizwar-nni iwweḍ a dd-yekkes ijjen furma tili texxumbel uca mursu-nni yerẓa-as, xenni da ataf ixsar.
Ijjen zeg imeẓra Ikuriyen yura x Twiter : « Squid Game ijja-ayi ad cehhiɣ leḥlwa n Dalguna ɛawed, imken ɛecrin iseggusa wer tt-cciɣ. Ma ɛad qa-tt tella ? Wer ssineɣ ma a tt-afeɣ ma lla ? ».
D iwdan am cek am nec.
Ca n imekritiken ttwalan ila aseddi-ya iwweḍ s iwriken-nnes i dag-s, minzi ttsufran s usinef i yettɛicen. Merra iwriken-a ttɛicen deg imerwusa, s uya qa rewsen deg waṭṭas n midden i yellan deg wamun.
Anebraz (héros) n useddi-ya d ijjen bnadem wer ixeddem, ittsufra bac ad yerbeḥ aweqqar n lwacun-nnes. Aked timsarin (les événements) n useddi-ya ad immelqa aked ijj n uḥudri irwel-dd zi Kuriya n yeẓẓelmeḍ d ijjen nniḍen d Apakistani ittnɛedda x-as upaṭrun-nnes.
Yeqqar Kim Piong-gang, aselmad n yedles di tesdawit n Sangmiong : « iwdan, jarkṭer tasalt tamaynut zeg iḥudriyen, ttɛicen leɣrubiyyet di tudert, suya ttbeddan aked iwriken i yettiraren di Squid Game ».
Aseddi issruɣa tifawin x uɣezdis n umḥizwar i yellan di bnadem Akuri. Ijjen zeg imḥizwaren-nni yenna ca n tiwalin ɣer-sent lmeɛna d ameqqran : « merra imedrawen di tirart-a mquddan, qa tticcen-aneɣ tabridt tameggarut bac a nerbeḥ deg ij n umḥizwar maḥend a nekkes lferz i zi nettsufra deg umaḍal n berra i tirart-a ».
D tukkerḍa ?
Aṭṭas n isiten semquddan jar Squid Game d ufilm n Parasite Akuri i yewwin tasemɣurt n wuskar deg useggas n 2019. Afilem-a i yessawalen x beṭṭu i din jar imeẓlaḍ d ayt bab n wagla.
Din ɛawed wi ismquddan aseddi-ya aked ijjen ufilm d Ajappuni-nniḍen. Din wi iruḥen qqaɛ ad yini ila qa axarres n useddi d tukkerḍa.
Dong-hyeok iqqar x manaya « bdiɣ tteblaniɣ i Squid Game deg useggas n 2008, bdiɣ ttariɣ sinaryu-nnes deg useggas n 2009… Amserwes-nni din yus-d amenni waha, la d ijjen ma iksi-dd zi wenniḍen ».
Waxxa amenni, umi iwweḍ Squid Game ɣer waṭṭas n midden, aberru zzag-sen tettren maḥend ad yili ijjen wezgen-nneɣni n useddi. Maca ittban-dd ila iwdan ixess-asen ad rajan aṭṭas ɛad i ɣer-sen ɣa yili min xsen.
D aya i yenna Dong-hyeok i tesɣunt n Faryatti : « ɛad wer fekkreɣ di ca n wezgen-nneɣni i Squid Game, ɣir afekker dag-s ittawi-dd lweḥlan zi lux ».


text:
Iminig internet ufrin ilaq ad yesɛu timahilin i teḥwaǧeḍ, tawwayt deg yibenkan meṛṛa akked tbadnit i tuklaleḍ.
Imi iminig-ik d tiqenṭert-ik ɣer internet, ilaq arured, taɣellist, tabaḍnit akked lfayda ad izwiren. ISeggasen-a ineggura, Google Chrome d iminig ufrin amenzu i waṭas n yimdanen. Maca deg tallit anida adellel srid yuɣal yeṭṭafaṛ-aɣ yal amḍiq daɣen tarewla n yisefka zewwirent-d ɣer yisebtar n yiɣmisen, ddeqs n yimdanen suturen ugar n tba dnit akked uqadeṛ seg yiminigen.
Iminig-inekµinem d netta i d ufrin deg wayen i txeddmeḍ srid? Iminig ufrin izmer ad yexdem amgired meqqren deg termit-ik·im deg web. Ihi, mebla araǧu, aha ad nserwes gar Google, Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Opera, Brave, Microsoft, Internet Explorer d Edge — syen wali anwa ara d-yerren i wayen teḥwaǧeḍ.
Taɣellist d Tabaḍnit
Anwa iminig ufrin i uqadeṛ n tbaḍnit?
Ur ttraǧu ara dɣa aswir meqqren deg ummesten n yisefka d tbaḍnit n yifarisen i nezga nseqdac deg tuqqna. Ma drus, yal iminig ad d-yefk yiwen n lqem n "uskar n tunigin tusligt" i yesfaḍen s wudem awurman azayez-inek d uzayez n unadi-inek akken iseqdac-nniḍen n uselkim-nni ur zmiren ad kecmen ɣer-sen. Di talɣut-a, akk setta n yiminigen i yettwasrewsen dagi skelsen tineqqiḍin.
Ayen i txeddmeḍ srid ur ilaq ara ad yili d ayen yerzan wiyaḍ.
Tamahilt-nniḍen n yiminig i d-ittunefken d tazmert n usewḥel n yismal web d tkebbaniyin akken ur ṭṭafaren ara isefka n tunigin-ik•im d tiɣin-ik•im — ulamma deg uskar n tunigin timugna.
Aseqdec n yiminig i issewḥalen ineḍfaren n wis kraḍ mačči kan igerrez i tudert tabaḍnit — anamek-is daɣen iteddu s zzerb ugar. Tuget n yineḍfaren d isekripten iteddun deg ugilal ɣef kra n yismal web. Ur tezmireḍ ara ad ten-twaliḍ, maca tzemreḍ ad asen-tḥalfuḍ ssenqasen arured n yiminig-ik·im. Seg lqem 67 n Firefox, idsilen umḍinen d ikrupṭuminaren ttusweḥlen ula d nutni. Ma yella ur tuɣeḍ ara tannumi d yikrupṭuminaren, ha-t-a umedya amek i zemren ad ak·akem-ḥazen: ahat yella wasmi twalaḍ aselkim-ik·im iḥemmu din din, neɣ aẓru yettneqsi s lemɣawla ɣef wakken tuɣeḍ tannumi. Deg tuget d ikripṭuminaren i isseqdacen ibenk-ik·im.
Tixxutert
D acu i ak-yexdem yiminig-ik taggara?
In addition to privacy protection, which largely takes place in the background of the browser, another key ingredient to a well-made browser is the actual user interface and functionality. Almost all six browsers are equal when it comes to tab browsing, bookmark management, auto-completion, proofreading and extensions. Firefox, Edge and Opera also offer a quick screenshot function that proves to be quite handy and is definitely something you notice is missing when you switch over to a browser without it.
Aɛebbi
Amek i iteddu yiminig-ik deg yibenkan-ik?
Taɣawsa akk tamezwarut iɣef ara tegreḍ tamawt d azgay, mačči akk iminigen teddun ɣef meṛṛa inagrawen n wammud. Ihi Firefox, Chrome, Edge, Brave d Opera teddun deg tuget n yinagrawen yerna fessusit i usebded, Internet Explorer d Safari teddun kan ɣef yinagrawen Microsoft d Apple. Lqem aziraz n Safari tettusebded s wudem amezwer ɣef yibenkan izirazen n Apple, tuget n yibenkan Android teddun-d s usebded n yiminig uzwir yettusniflen sɣur win d-isnulfan ibenk. Firefox, Chrome, Brave, Edge d Opera zemren ad ttusbedden s tefses, akken zemren ad ttuseqdacen akken.
Meḥsub akk iminigen i yettwasrewsen da sirigen amtawi gar uselkim d yibenkan izirazen. Teẓriḍ amiḍan akken ad t-tgeḍ, swayes ara tkeccmeḍ ɣer yiminig deg akk ibenkan daɣen ad tsemtawiḍ tiɣawsiwin am wawalen uffiren, amazray n tunigin, ticraḍ n yisebtar d yiɣewwaṛen.
Taggrayt:
Win irebḥen d…
Akken i yella deg yisefranen i d-nesbadu — tabaḍnit, tixxutert d uɛebbi — ɣer tidet yella yiwen kan n yiminig i yeddan d ulugen, wa d Firefox. Taɣult n umgired n tidet mačči d tamhelt, d tabaḍnit. Firefox d iminig uslig ugar ur k-nessewḥal ara deg twennaḍt. Seqdec-it deg unagraw n wammud i tebɣiḍ, deg yibenkan-ik akk, tḥulfuḍ s tɣellist mi ara t-tgeḍ.
Iminigen wwin-d amecwaṛ ɣezzifen seg wasmi i d-yekcem Chrome, yeṭṭef amkan di ssuq. Tuget n yiminigen imaynuten ččuren ilem deg uɛebbi d tmahilin, daɣen di kra n tiɣula am urured d tbaḍnit, akka ar tura ɛeddan Chrome. Maca, afran n yiminig ara tsedduḍ ad yeqqim d azref-inek, almend n wasrayen-inek udmawanen d wayen iwumi tefkiḍ azal mi ara tettinigeḍ deg internet.
Iserwas i yettwagen da, mmugen am wid yettwagen akked yiɣewwaren imezwer d yileqman n tuffɣa n yiminigen akka:
Firefox (81) | Chrome (85) | Edge (85) | Safari (14) | Opera (67) | Internet Explorer (11) | Brave (1.14.81)
Asebter-a yettwaleqqam yal tlata wagguren akken ad d-iban deg yileqman ineggura, akken yezmer daɣen ur d-ttbanen ara yileqman ineggura.
Mačči ɣef tedrimt i yettwaḥrez Firefox sɣur Mozilla.
Firefox yefka azal amezwaru i tbaḍnit-ik — deg wayen akk i ntegg d wayen i nxeddem. Akken nettwali tesɛiḍ azref ad tferneḍ ɣef wamek d wukkud ara tebḍuḍ talɣut-inek tudmawant. Firefox ileqqeḍ drus maḍi n yisefka yerna ur ten-isnuzu ara. Drus-nni n yisefka-nni i d-nleqqeḍ nseqdac-iten kan i usnerni n yifarisen d tmahilin. Ulac tuffra. Maca aṭas n tefrawant d tbaḍnit n tidet.


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Ayen i yceɣben s waṭas iqbayliyen, d tadamsa, imi tura tamsalt n lasel d tissas amzun akken ur sɛint ara azal am zik ! Ihi, ad d-nemmeslay ɣef uḥric-a di tmurt n leɣbayel.
Akken yella lḥal, nettidir akk deg tudrin, deg temdinin, Neẓra akk belli yal taddart tesɛa irgazen d yettaṭafen isenfar, ifurguyen n ussiweḍ, tiḥunna… wigi akken neẓra akk, ttxellisen tabzert. Ma yella yal taddart tesɛa 3 neɣ 4 n yirgazen d-ittaṭafen isenfaren yerna yal yiwen seg-sen ittxellis ugar n 30 imelyan i useggas war tiḥunna,ifurguyen… acḥal i dtessekcam taddrt-nni i useggas? Aya war ma nemmeslay-d ɣef temdinin yecban Aqbu yeččuren d lluzinat, Leqser, Bgayet…
– Acḥal n lluzinat i tesɛa tmurt n leqbayel ?
– Acḥal n tḥunna, ifurguyen…yettxellisen ?
– Acḥal n yirgazen d-ittaṭafen isenfaren, ixeddamen niḍen am wid yettseṭṭilen icubaɣ…?
– Anda ttarran akk yidrimen n usagen d unafag d yidrimen n Bgayet ?
Ilaq ad nẓer ay ayetma belli wigi i yaɣ-iḥekmen ttkelliḥen-aɣ ! ur aɣ-d-ttawḍen ara yisurdiyen n lpitrul ! Nezmer ad nidir s tdamsa n tmurt-nneɣ akken ilaq, nezmer ad tt-nesnerni acku adabu yettsabuṭi-yaɣ, aṭas n yisenfaren i bɣan yiberraniyen neɣ wid n daxel ad sseftin deg tmurt-nneɣ taqbaylit, yettagi udabu aya ! Ilaq ad nẓer belli timura irebḥen mačči s lpiṭrul i ttidirent, maca s tebzar n lluzinat d yixeddamen n yigduden-nsent.
Kamel D.


text:
Turin
Turin neɣ Aberfiw d agman agejdan deg unagraw amesgunef n wemdan d waṭas n iɣersiwen niden gar-asen ula kra n telmas n iselman d kra n iɣlalen. Ɣer temsuṭaṭ d wamur ameqran n tneɣlalin, turin d tid yemmersen zdat n wejgu n uzagur deg yal iri n wul. Tawuri n turin tga d tuṭṭfa n weksujin seg wezwu d usekcem-is s agensu n tregwa n yidammen yellan deg turin yakk d usufeɣ CO2 seg tregwa n yidammen ar wezwu deg yiwet n temhalt yettusemman asenfel n igazen. Tamhelt n usgunef tettili-d sɣuṛ n wallalen d inagrawen imaẓwalen yemgaraden ɣer tilmas yemgaraden (n imuddiren). Anda temsuṭaṭ d yigṭaṭ d temraradin ssemrasen-tt (ssexdamen-tt) timaẓwalin-nsent yemgaraden i wsalel d usedhel n usgunef. Ma yella ɣer tkuẓdarin timenza, azwu yettwaseddu ar turin s tmaẓwalin timankarin (n uḥerjuḍ) iy tekken seg tsuffayin timawin i gan d allal mazal ixeddem ar tkelmanin. Tamaẓwalt n usgunef tagejdant ɣer wemdan yesseddawen tamhalt n usgunef tga d ilmendis
Turin daɣen ssalelent tazizla (awezzeɛ) n wezwu id igellun s tesmamayt n izukar imsiwlen ayen yettaǧǧan amdan yezmer ad yemmeslay.
Amdan ila (yesea) sin n iberfiwen (turin). Yiwet d tamayeffust ma d tis snat d tazelmaṭ. Isnat zgant-d s agensu n imerjan idemrawen. Dɣa d aberfiw ayeffus i yugaren aberfiw azelmaṭ acku aberfiw azelmaṭ yebṭa tajumma-ynes yakk d wul. Turin d isnat ktent (uznent) 1,3 Kg.


text:
Tiqemmumin niɣ asudem zi tmeslayin i yegga bnadem zi zik n wussan. Ggin-tent Isumariyen, Ihindawiyen, Igrikiyen d iqdimen n Misra d Ifarisiyen. Zegga i dd-banen Irumiyen (Takristyant) ila weḍḍrent cwayt maca ɛeqbent-id di lqern wis ḥiḍɛac aked wungalen n Shakespeare.
Maca mayemmi iwdan itteɛjib-asen ad ggen tiqemmumin ? Ma d ca n ḥajet i kid-neɣ i dd-ixellqen niɣ nlemmed-itent waha ?
Beddu n manaya ittban-dd ɣer lejdud-nneɣ. Ila tteffẓen macca tteggen-t deg uqemmum n tarwa-nnsen. Izemmer ad yili manaya d ijjen tesɣunt ismunan jar « xmi i daneɣ-itteɛjib ad teḥḍar macca d tumert-nneɣ xmi i nettemsudum ». Di min iqqnen ɣer iḥenjiren, aqqa asuṭeḍ uridd d ijjen tebridt n macca waha. Manaya ɣer-s lhimmet-nnes maḥend aḥenjir ad yerni ad yelseq di yemma-s. Zemmrent ad ilin tiqemmumin axmi d ijjen ḥajet i yettegg leɛqel-nneɣ i yullɣen ḥuma ad dd-nerr iktayen-nneɣ wami ttuɣa nessuṭṭuḍ zeg ubbic n yemma-tneɣ.
Ijjen lḥajet nniḍen i daneɣ ɣa yejjen a nini ila aqqa asudem d ijjen lḥajet nlemd-it. Mani nettaf aṭṭas n tdelsiwin nniḍen wer wwiḍent ad ggent tiqemmumin. Ar lux, din aṭṭas n midden wer dasen-itteɛjib ad ssudmen xmi tteggen timexsa.
Manaya maci iqqen ɣer tesɣunt-nni i yellan jer tyemmat d memmi-s waha, amec i nenna qbel. Maca qa din imerzuten qqaren ila qa acemmi ɣer temɣarin ittɛawan-itent ḥuma ad ixḍarent acric n tudert-nnsent. Wa d aɣezdis d abyuluji di tmeslayt-a.
Ijjen uneɣmis nniḍen yeqqar aqqa irgazen itteɛjib-asen asudem qbel ma ggen asikes. Minzi tiqemmumin shajant-ten. Ma timɣarin tteɛjib-asent ad ggent tiqemmumin awerni i usikes minzi ttexsent ad ssemɣarent min tent-ismunan aked ucrik-nnsent.
Netta ahurmun i dd-yessufuɣ walli xmi i nettegg tiqemmumin xmi i nettili aked ḥedd nniḍen. Deg umezwaru n tmunit-nneɣ, ittsemma tili yallah mamec i kid-s tettmuned xenni issufuɣ-dd Dopamine i dd-ixellqen twacit s « tayri tamaynut ». Mala acrik-nnem/k aqqa-c/m akid-s aṭṭas zi mani, da tiqemmumin ttarunt-id ahurmun « oxytocin » i yettejjan tamunt tezzuggert kṭer.
Din ijjen wudem nniḍen i manaya. Aqqa tiqemmumin bla manaya i dd-nenna s nnej tteggent ijjen twacit tecna. Minzi ancucen d yiles ccuren ca n iẓuran d izdaden i yettejjan asudem d ijjen ḥajet yecna, yiẓiḍ.


text:
Tefsar-d tasdawit Taɛibrit di Lqudes ila wwḍen imerzuten-nnes ḥma ad ggen ijjen twafit d tameqqrant di tussna n mamec ixeddem Kuruna. Nnan luxa zemmren ad ssxdmen ijjen usafar yettwassen zeg issgusa n sebɛin ḥma ad rẓen ifadden i kuruna.
Yenna-dd amɣar n imerzuten di tesdawit-a ila asafar n Tiku Finufibrat d ijjen ddwa yettwassen ittekkes tadunt zeg idammen. Ddwa-ya isbedda abirus n kuruna, ittjeyyaf-it.
Ufin imerzuten ila abirus n Kuruna irenni tadunt di tarut mani izemmar ad immsaru din ubirus, ddwa-ya icemmeḍ tadunt-nni di tarut di ca n ussan udrusen.


text:
1
Mi qṛib ad kecmen ɣer temdint n Lquds, wwḍen ɣer yiɣil n uzemmur yellan tama n taddart n Bitfaji, Sidna Ɛisa iceggeɛ sin inelmaden-is,
2
yenna-yasen : Ṛuḥet ɣer taddart yellan ɣer zdat, dinna aț-țafem taɣyult akk-d mmi-s, brut-asen-d, tawim-iyi-ten-id.
3
Ma yella win i wen-d-yennan kra, init-as : d Ssid-nneɣ i ten-iḥwaǧen, imiren a sen-d-iserreḥ.
4
Ayagi yedṛa-d am akken i t-id yenna nnbi Zakarya di tira iqedsen :
5Init i wat wedrar n Siyun : AA taya ugellid-nwen iteddu-d ɣuṛ-wen s wannuz, irkeb-ed ɣef weɣyul amecṭuḥ mmi-s n teɣyult.
6Inelmaden-nni ṛuḥen, xedmen ayen i sen-d-yenna Sidna Ɛisa.
7Wwin-d taɣyult-nni d mmi-s, sburren-asen llebsa-nsen, dɣa srekben Sidna Ɛisa.
8Aṭas n lɣaci ssan iceṭṭiḍen-nsen deg ubrid, wiyaḍ țṛuẓun-d tiseḍwa si ttjuṛ, țessun-tent ula d nutni deg ubrid.
9Lɣaci yezwaren zdat Sidna Ɛisa d wid i t-id-iḍefṛen, țɛeggiḍen s lfeṛḥ qqaṛen : Ḥusana i mmi-s n Sidna Dawed ! Ițțubarek win i d-yusan s yisem n Sidi Ṛebbi ! Ḥusana deg imukan eɛlayen.
10Mi gekcem Sidna Ɛisa ɣer temdint n Lquds, imezdaɣ meṛṛa nhewwalen, qqaṛen : Anwa-t wagi ?
11Lɣaci-nni țțaran-asen : D Sidna Ɛisa, nnbi-nni n taddart n Naṣaret i d-yusan si tmurt n Jlili !
12Sidna Ɛisa yekcem ɣer lǧameɛ iqedsen, iqecceɛ meṛṛa wid yețțaɣen znuzun dinna deg ufrag n lǧameɛ. Iqleb-asen ṭṭwabel i wid yețbeddilen idrimen akk-d wid yeznuzun itbiren.
13dɣa yenna-yasen : Yura : Axxam-iw ad ițțusemmi d axxam n tẓallit, ma d kunwi terram-t d lɣaṛ n imakaren.
14Di lǧameɛ-nni, qeṛṛben-d ɣuṛ-es iderɣalen d iquḍaren, dɣa yesseḥla ten.
15Lmuqedmin imeqqranen d lɛulama n ccariɛa rfan mi walan leɛǧayeb i gxeddem akk-d warrac ițɛeggiḍen di lǧameɛ : Ḥusana i mmi-s n Sidna Dawed !
16Imiren nnan i Sidna Ɛisa : Tesliḍ d acu i d-qqaṛen ? SSidna Ɛisa yerra-yasen : Sliɣ ih ! Eɛni ur teɣṛim ara imeslayen-agi yuran di tira iqedsen : Tessufɣeḍ-ed leḥmadi seg imawen n warrac akk-d wid n llufanat iteṭṭḍen .
17Imiren yeǧǧa-ten dinna, yeffeɣ si temdint, iṛuḥ ɣer taddart n Bitanya, dinna i gensa.
18Azekka-nni taṣebḥit mi d-yuɣal ɣer temdint, Sidna Ɛisa yelluẓ ;
19iwala yiwet n tneqleț rrif n webrid, iqeṛṛeb ɣuṛ-es, ur yufi deg-s acemma anagar afriwen ; dɣa yenna-yas : Seg wass-a, ur tețțuɣaleḍ ara a d-tefkeḍ lfakya ! IImiren kan, taneqleț-nni teqquṛ.
20Inelmaden-is mi walan ayagi tɛeǧben, nnan : Amek akka teqquṛ tneqleț-agi deg yiwet n teswiɛt ?
21Sidna Ɛisa yerra-yasen : A wen-iniɣ tideț, ma yella tesɛam liman ur tețcukkum ara, aț-țizmirem aț-țxedmem akteṛ n wayen xedmeɣ i tneqleț-agi ! AAț-ținim i wedrar-agi qleɛ iman-ik syagi tḍeggṛeḍ iman-ik ɣer lebḥeṛ, ayagi a d-yedṛu !
22Ayen akk ara tessutrem s liman di tẓallit, a wen-d-ițunefk !
23Sidna Ɛisa yekcem ɣer lǧameɛ ibda yesselmad. Lmuqedmin akk-d imeqqranen n wegdud qeṛṛben ɣuṛ-es nnan-as : Ansi i k-d-tekka tezmert s wayes i txeddmeḍ ayagi ? Anwa i k-d-yefkan tazmert-agi ?
24Sidna Ɛisa yerra-yasen : A wen-fkeɣ asteqsi ula d nekk, yiwen kan ; ma tǧawbem-iyi-d, ula d nekk a wen-iniɣ ansi i yi-d-tekka tezmert-agi.
25Aɣḍas n Yeḥya, s ɣuṛ Ṛebbi i d-ikka neɣ s ɣuṛ yemdanen ? DDɣa bdan qqaṛen wway gar-asen : Ma nenna-yas seg igenwan, a ɣ-d-yini acuɣeṛ ihi ur tuminem ara yis,
26ma nenna-yas daɣen seg imdanen, nuggad lɣaci-agi, axaṭer ḥesben akk Yeḥya d nnbi.
27Dɣa nnan-as i Sidna Ɛisa : Ur neẓri ara ! YYerra-yasen : Ihi ula d nekk ur wen-d-qqaṛeɣ ara ansi i yi-d-tekka tezmert s wayes i xeddmeɣ ayagi !
28D acu twalam ? Yiwen wergaz yesɛa sin warraw-is, yenṭeq ɣer umezwaru, yenna-yas : A mmi, ṛuḥ aț-țxedmeḍ ass-agi di tfeṛṛant-iw.
29Yerra-yas : Ur țṛuḥuɣ ara ! MMeɛna yuɣal yendem, iṛuḥ ad ixdem di tfeṛṛant.
30Yenna-yas daɣen i mmi-s wi sin ad iṛuḥ ad ixdem, yerra-yas-d : Ih a baba ad ṛuḥeɣ ! MMeɛna ur iṛuḥ ara.
31Anwa deg sen i gxedmen lebɣi n baba-s ? RRran-as-ed : D amezwaru a Sidi ! SSidna Ɛisa yenna-yasen : A wen-d-iniɣ tideț, imekkasen imakaren akk-d yir tilawin a kkun zwiren ɣer tgelda n igenwan !
32Axaṭer Yeḥya yusa-d ɣuṛ-wen yesken-awen-d abrid n tideț, meɛna ur t-tuminem ara ; ma d imekkasen d yir tilawin umnen yis. Yerna ɣas akken twalam ayagi, ur d-tuɣalem ara ɣer webrid teggumam aț-țamnem yis.
33A wen-d-rnuɣ daɣen lemtel nniḍen : yella yiwen umɛellem, yeẓẓa tafeṛṛant, izzi-yas-ed s zzeṛb, yeɣza amkan i tɛeṣṣart n tẓurin, yebna taɛrict i tɛessast, issekra tafeṛṛant-is i ixemmasen, imiren iṛuḥ ɣer lɣeṛba.
34Mi d-yewweḍ lweqt n tẓurin, iceggeɛ iqeddacen-is ɣer ixemmasen nni iwakken a s-d-fken amur-is n lɣella.
35Meɛna ixemmasen-nni ṭṭfen iqeddacen-nni, wa wten-t, wa nɣan-t, wayeḍ ṛejmen-t.
36Iceggeɛ-asen daɣen tarbaɛt nniḍen n iqeddacen yugaren tamezwarut. Meɛna tedṛa yid-sen am imezwura-nni.
37Taggara, iceggeɛ-asen mmi-s, yenna : Ahat imi d mmi a t-qadṛen !
38Lameɛna mi walan mmi-s, ixemmasen-nni nnan wway gar-asen : Ataya win ara iweṛten, kkret a t-nenneɣ iwakken a nawi lweṛt-is.
39Sṭfen-t, ḍeggṛen-t ɣer beṛṛa n tfeṛṛant, dɣa nɣan-t.
40Sidna Ɛisa yenna i lɣaci : Ihi tura, m'ara d-yas bab n tfeṛṛant-nni, d acu ara sen-yexdem i ixemmasen-agi ?
41Rran-as-ed : Ad ineɣ ixemmasen imcumen, ma ț-țafeṛṛant a ț-issekru i ixemmasen nniḍen ara s-d-ifken amur-is di lweqt n lɣella.
42Sidna Ɛisa yenna-yasen : Leɛmeṛ teɣṛim imeslayen-agi i d-nnant tira iqedsen : Adɣaɣ-nni i ḍeggṛen wid ibennun, d nețța i guɣalen d azṛu alemmas , WWin yeṭṭfen lebni. AA yagi yekka-d s ɣuṛ Ṛebbi, d ayen i ɣ-istɛeǧben .
43Daymi i wen-qqaṛeɣ : Tagelda n igenwan a wen tețwakkes, aț-țețțunefk i leǧnas nniḍen ara d-ifken lɣella.
44Win ara yeɣlin ɣef wusalas-agi ad yerreẓ, daɣen win i ɣef ara d-yeɣli usalas-agi ad yețwamḥeq.
45Mi slan i imeslayen-agi, ifariziyen d lmuqedmin imeqqranen fehmen belli fell-asen i d-iheddeṛ Sidna Ɛisa.
46Meɛna ɣas akken bɣan a t-ṭṭfen, ur zmiren ara axaṭer uggaden lɣaci-nni i t-iḥesben d nnbi.


text:
Edward Jenner
Edward Jenner d amsuji n tmurt n Legliz, ilul ass n 17 mayu 1749 yemmut ass n 26 yennayer 1823. Yella-d amezwar id isnarmen tigezt i waṭṭan n tzerzayt
Tazerzayt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg iseggasen ineggura n tsut tis 18, Amsuji Edward Jenner iwula yerna yexdem tazrawt ɣef yiwet n teqcict isem-is Sarah Nilmes tetteẓẓeg tafunast tuɣit yakan tzerzayt yerna tettwaggeẓ mgal tazerzayt acku tella tuden s tzerzayt n tfunasin. Edward Jenner yufa-d d akken tinegwa d tirawin seg weglim n win yudnen s tzerzayt n tfunasin w ad t-yegzi i wakken ad tyaɣ waṭṭan-a d ayen ara ad s-d-yefken affal mgal n tzerzayt acku tazerzayt n tfunasin d win yettemcabin ar tzerzayt maca Kan ur telli ara d tamihant s waṭas
Tinfusin-is[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
icraṭen yettwafken i yal agrud seg wayyuren imenza n tlallit-is ttagẓent mgal n waṭas n waṭṭanen am tbuzeggaɣt


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Wp/rif/Tinglizt
Tinglizt nigh Taglanzit nigh Taglizit (s Tinglizt: English) d tutlayt d Tajirmant zi twacunt n tutlayin Tihindurufanin. Tinglizt ssawaln tt iwdan am tutlayt tamzwarut di Amirika, Britanya, Kanada, Ustralya, Nyu Zilanda, d Tafrikt n Wanẓul. Ssawaln tt iwdan am tutlayt tiss sint d marra timura n umaḍal nniḍn.
Tinglizt d ijn ils d Ajirmani d utrim, iffgh d zi wawalen ila ssawaeln di Britanya tameqqrant, di tmiḍi tiss 5, Inglizn, Isaksunn d Ijutn, n illan d ighrfan d Ijirmanen, id ikkin zg uftis utrim n Ill n Ugafa, n illan d tilila jar n Uliman d Danmark. S manaya minzi ntaf Tafrizyant, Talimant n wadday d Tinglizt mrawasnt jar asnt. Llan iḍrisn n tutlayin a zg usggwas n 700.
Tinglizt tdwl d tutlayt tamzwarut issxdamn iwunak n umaḍal di tdiblumasit tagraghlant, tussna, tamrrit...atg. Minzi, tlla d ils n tnzmart tasrtant d tadmsant, tamqqrant n umaḍal. Âawd Tinglizt tlla di marra imnẓawn. S manaya i tt ntaf tssara di marra timura, ujar zg ilsawn n umadal marra. Ruxa, timaḍ n imlyunen n iwdam qqarn tt dg ighrbazn d tsdawiyin.


text:
Ila ɣer-s 77 n usegg°as, Mehran Karimi Nasseri d netta d aterras i ttuɣa yirar Tom Hanks deg ufilem n « Le terminal » deg usegg°as n 2004.
Mehran Karimi Nasseri, i yellan d aḍlib d asertan d Ayrani i yeddren ca n 18 n usegg°as deg uzagg°ez n Roissy-Charles de Gaulle, d netta i das-iwcin axarres i wemssufeɣ Steven Spielberg maḥend ad yegg afilem n « Le Teriminal », yemmut deg wass n ssebt, amec i dd-tenna AFP, zi ca n taliwin deg uzagg°ez s yexf-nnes. Yemmut nurmal deg wass-a n ssebt i yeɛdun di terminal 2F.
Yexleq Mehran aseggas n 1945 di Masjed Soleiman, di Jjihet n Khouzistan deg Yiran, Mehran Karimi Nasseri, ittwassen s yisem n « Sir Alfred » mani i ttuɣa izeddeɣ di Roissy, deg yeẓẓelmeḍ n Paris, di Nufember 1988, awerni ijjen umuddu d azegrar – d netta irezzu x tyemmat-nnes – i t-iwwin ɣer Lundun, di Berlin d Amsterdam.
Di kul twalat, neṭṭren-dd ipulisen Mehran Karimi Nasseri, minzi tiwriqin-nnes wer llint ca d tinni nitenti. Deg usegg°as n 1999, idwel d aḍlib di Fransa, mamec das-ɛedlen tiwriqin-nnes. Zegga i iɣasṭar merra ttmenyat-nni i yewwḍen ca n 250.000 dular x ufilem i x-as ggin, Mehran Karimi Nassersi, yedwel-dd awerni ca n simanat ɣer uzagg°ez. Ca n luluf n Yuruten ittwafen akid-s.
Di Roissy, idwel nnumen akid-s deg uzgg°ez, merra ttemddukulen akid-s, xenni ɛeqben ttasen-dd ɣer-s aṭṭas n ttlibizyunat d arradyawat ifransisen maḥend akid-s ggen imsawalen, qbel ma ad x-as ggen ijjen ufilem. Deg usegg°as n 2004, yirar-it Tom Hanks deg ufilm umi i yeggin isem n Le Terminal i dd-issufuɣen Steven Spielberg. Awerni i ufilem idder deg ijjen taddart di Paris.


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Tayri (tayriwin), amour (fr) - love (en) - amor (es) - حب
Agdawal: axsa, leḥmala, lḥubb, taṛa.
Addad amaruz: tayri (tayriwin).
Ẓer daɣ: amaray - amesri, er, ri, sri.
Tasniremt:
Tayri n tmeddurt - amour de la vie - amor de la vida - حبّ الحياة
Imedyaten:
D acu ay yesɛan azal ma maci d tayri? - Qu'est-ce qui est important si ce n'est pas l'amour ? - ¿Qué importa, si no el amor? - ما هو الأهم إن لم يكن الحب؟
D nettat ay d tayri-inu tamezwarut - Elle est mon premier amour - Ella es mi primer amor - هي أول من أحببت
Iban kan ɣef waya ay yeɣli deg tayri n Taninna - C'est sûrement pour cette raison qu'il est tombé amoureux de Taninna - -
Tayri d taderɣalt - L'amour est aveugle - El amor es ciego - الحب أعمى
Assaɣen uffiɣen:
Tayri gar wergaz ed tmeṭṭut-nnes am yemɣi yeḥwajen aman
Aql-iken deg - Vous êtes dans - You are in - Ustedes están en - أنتم في
Asegzawal n Tmaziɣt - Dictionnaire Amazigh - Français - Amazigh - English Dictionary - Diccionario Amazigh - Español - قاموس أمازيغي - عربي
(c) Omar Mouffok - Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen.


text:
TAMURT – Urgaɣ iḍ yezrin yiwet n targit ur nesɛi lmaɛna, ad zmumgen wid yerwan laɛqel, u ad xelɛen* wid i wumi yeffeɣ.
Urgaɣ kkren-d kra seg wid yemmuten. Ffɣen-d seg iẓekwan-nsen. Yiwet n llebsa akk i d-lsan. D acebḥan amzun d aweffa* n lwemwaji n yillel*. udmawen-nsen, nɛud* d yiwen imi ɣzan am tregwan cerwen waman ugeffur ; am akken mazal laɛtab d laẓ yeqqaz deg-sen.
Anexzur*-nsen yerwi am win yeṭṭsen d iseggasen ur d-yuki neɣ am win yerwan imeṭṭawen. Yeqqim-d akka lateṛ seg wazzug n wallen. Wa deffir wa, ttalin-d s ddaw n tmurt, ttḍeggiren-d timedlin* iẓekwan-nsen. Wehhan akk ar yiwen n usalu, ad tiniḍ iwehha-asen-d Yillu amkan ɣer teddun. Yal udem id-yettaẓen iḥekku-d tadyant-is ; Yal yiwen iḥekku-d amek i t-teddem tberkant* nni.
Wa yemmut ɣef tmurt-is di ṭṭrad nni ger izayriyen d urumi, yerna yehwa-ak bdu-tt-id seg urumi n Roma alarmi d arumi n Fransa. Wayeḍ ula d netta ɣef tmurt-is i yɛedda lqecc-is (01), d gma-s it-yenɣan. Tihin yenɣa-tt wurrif* tezzer deg temda n ifeqqiɛen*. Wihin inɣa iman-is, d ul-is i yḍebberen fell-as. Tihin d aṭṭan i tt-yenɣan, d aksum-is i tt-yugin, aneggaru, yeqqen allen-is iruḥ…kan akka s lmut n Yillu. Lḥasun, kul wa d tamahutt-is
Targit-iw, tuɣal d tikli-nsen, tuɣal-asen d amezgun* ara ɣ-d-yawin yiwet n tceqquft*. Vdan a sidi wigi akka, i wrumi ,amzun isaɛlaq* i teddun iteddun s axxam n Yillu. Seg wakal ɣer wayeḍ, tamurt tettak-iten i tayeḍ, taddart i weltma-s, akken kan.
Nutni tura d imceyɛen s ɣur tejmaɛt n at laxert, wwin-d yid-sen ṛṛabul* i lmend n imudduren ara yemmten yiwen wass.
Yeffeɣ wawal, inuda-d akk tamurt. Lecyax n tuddar, d imḍbbeṛen n temdinin, heggan-d iman-nsen ad mmagren iruḥaniyen*s leḥruz ak d lebxuṛ, s leqder ilaqen i teswiɛt yecban tagi. Leḥqen-d ar yiwen wennar, msalamen, nutni d imudduren s lekni uqeṛṛu ak d tuyat, acu akken i t-ḍeṛṛu deg wexxam n Ugellid. Teɣli-d tsusemi d rrehba amzun d tamḍelt. Ttrajun d acu ara d-yeffɣen seg imawen n at laxert.
Ur uḥtamen* ara, dɣa d ayen yellan, ulamek terǧiḍ win yemmuten. Annect-a d amaynut. Lɣaci i d-iruḥen tewwet-iten lbaɣa*. Tamuɣli-nsen teckenṭeḍ deg icenfiren n at laxert*, ttrajun awalen ara d-yeffɣen. Yuẓa-d yiwen seg-sen yeqder* d ameqqran-nsen, yenṭeq :
« Sslam n at laxert fell-awen ».
Yerra-as ṣṣef nni amezwaru deg imudduren :
« Laslama-nwen u mreḥba yis-wen, tudert i widak iken iwalan ». Amzun mara twaliḍ ulaxert ad tenwuḍ di tudert. Yuɣal-d uṛuḥani ɣer wawal :
« Neẓra annect-a iɛedda i tmusni-nwen, d acu ɣas nɣab, aṭṭas n lumur* i ɣ-cerken nekni yid-wen.
Hand Berkouk
Amawal :
illel : mer, océan
xelɛen : angoissés, troublés, perturbés, terrorisés. (Isexleɛ-iyi wefrux deg umadaɣ).
nɛud : (aɛuddu) croire, supposer. Amedya : « Mačči akka i ɛuddeɣ ad teḍru taluft ».
Anexzur : tamuɣli, tawalit. Regard, observation.
aweffa : akkuftan. Mousse des vagues de mer
timedlin : pierres tombales. Erran-as timedlin d wakal.
isaɛlaq : iɛleq am usaɛlaq n tezwal. Qq qui est suspendu, pendante, etc…
wurrif : colère,
ifeqqiɛen : contrariétés
amezgun : obstacle
taceqquft : pièce de théâtre. (aceqquf n ufexxar mara yerreẓ).
* Expression. : (01) Yɛedda lqecc-is : disparaitre. Partir rapidement.
* D wagi i d amur amenzu n Tullis n Mas Tariq Yacin.


text:
Tigranin
Tigranin neɣ imɣan igranen (Assaɣ ussnan: Tracheophyta) d tagrawt tamɣawt igebren seg yimɣan yakk deg wacu yella uẓeṭṭa agran igan d agensas ɣef usiweṭ n imazzalen deg yigmanen n yimɣi. Tagrawt-a tesdukkul 4 n tigezmwin yemgaraden:
- Tifuruccnin — (Lycopodiopsida)
- Tifilkuyin — (Filicophyta)
- Timazufsanin — (Gymnospermes)
- Timesdurifsan — (Magnoliophyta)
Tugniwin tigejdanin deg telmas n tegrawta d tilin n yiẓuṛan.
Amdan n telmas[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tagrawt n Tracheophyta tegber seg 383 671 n telmas s unect n Ulloa Ulloa et al.


text:
Timeẓrit (Tamurt) – Iɛeggalen n tiddukla amsiwen di tɣiwant n tmeẓrit, cekten ass-a deg yiwet n tebrat ɣer imḍebren lwilaya n Bgayet akked d wid teɛna temsalt. Imezdaɣ n wemsiwen sknen-d lɣiḍ-nnsen ɣef uguren i d-tt-magaren yal ass; imi imḍebren n tɣiwant ur d-llhin ara d iɣeblan-nnsen.
Am akken neẓra amsiwen d taddart i ybaɛden aṭas i d-yezgan nnig n wedrar, d ayen i yeǧǧan imezdaɣ-is nḥafen aṭas deg ttawilat yessifsusen tudert i wemdan.
Ger wuguren ittidiren, nezmer a d-nebder lgaz n yexxamen, imi imezdaɣ n wamsiwen d wid yenṭern aṭas, dɣa di lawan n tegrest. Am akken d aɣen isutren awenneɛ di ḥala n webrid nnsen. Lqella n trisit deg iberdan d ugur nniḍen.
Crif Wanuɣi


text:
Aggur:Taɣrma
Amgrad n wassa
Igjda n Herkulis (s tmaziɣt: ⵉⴳⵊⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵀⵉⵔⴽⵓⵍⵉⵙ, s tlatint: Columnae Herculis, s tgrikt: Ἡpάkλeιaι Etῆλaι Erákleiai Stílai) nɣ Igjda n Waṭlas iga ism azayku lli tn ikkan ɣ uzmz n ayt tagrikt. Ar sis tqṣaḍn idrarn s sin lli illan ɣ tmi n Urupa ɣ iffus d Tafriqt ɣ ugafa, ad tn t igan: Adrar n Musa (nɣ Adrar n Abyla s yism nns azayku) ɣ ugafa n tmazirt n Lmɣrib, d Aẓru n Djabal Ṭariq lli itabɛan i Lingliz.
Kkan-tt-inn irumiyn n uzmz azayku skrn ɣ Igjda n Herkulis zund kra n iwtta gr umaḍal lli ɣ tlla taɣrma (ma mu ttinin s tlatint: Mare nostrum) d yill Aṭlasi s ɣinna lli icqqan.
Lliɣ yumẓ Herkulis aɣaras nns s ugdal n Hesperides ɣ ammas n tgzirt n Iritya. Ikka-tt-inn ḍaruri ixṣṣa ad izri f yan udrar ikka-tt-inn iga s yism Aṭlas, ɣ udɣar ayɣli s udrar ann, iga yas tazmrt icqqan nns afad ad izri udrar ann zɣ tuẓẓumt nns at lliɣ d iffuɣ ɣ tsga yaḍni n udrar. S tɣarast ad as ismun Herkulis yill agrakal d yill aṭlasi tiklt tamzwarut d iskr ma mu nttini ɣila Imi n Djabal Ṭariq. Ɣayad ar aɣ ittini zɛma mas Adrar n Musa d Izig n Djabal Ṭariq gan ɣar ɣaylli d iciḍn zɣ idrar azayku n Aṭlas.
Diodore Siculus, yan unmezruy agrik, ikka-tt-inn ar ittals mas Herkulis ismun iftasn n Imi n Djabal Ṭariq lli tn yad ikkan mac ikka-tt-inn iwsɛa bzzaf (urd zund ɣaylli ttinin irumiyn) bac ad ur yajj imẓiwn n yill aṭlasi ad kcmn s yill agrakal.
Tawlaft n ɣassa
Izdayn ifulkin n twisi
Imgrad mqqurnin n Tɣrma
Taggayyin n Taɣrma
Agemmay n Tmaziɣt
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