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Ait Said*, ad negg afus deg ufus, ad nemsawaḍ, ad nmun….
Vingt ans Déjà, aydud aɣarim (la societé civile) innecmet s txecfin n imdebbaren n řmexzen amaḍal. Bdant tmesmunin txarṣent min ɣa ggent. Ca ibda isyama tizizwa, ca ibda isxinctir di řbayem, ca ibda isyama iɣarwaḍ, ḥed nneɣni ibda isɣara taɛraft ḥuma ad ksen taqubbanect zeg webrid! ad smunen iwdan war issinen ad arin niɣ i inni war issinen ad ɣaren iřes n midden! Iřes nsen- tatlayt tayemmat- ttun tt, axmi nettat war xafes bu Arebbi. (Tekksen taɣyuři s taɣyuři)
Uřa d timesmunin n Europa i tuɣa, deg wakud n zic, isɣuyyun x tesɣart n yewdan dewřent řa nitnti nnuffarent di tasyumi (ttenmeyya)! Min xef tuɣa urezzun iwdan n zic d min xef urezzun inni n yiḍa imsebḍa x waṭṭas. Iwdan n zic tuɣa tmunen, teggen afus deg ufus s Twiza, ina n yiḍa teggent s l’internet.
S uya, ixeṣṣ ad nessen aqa war nzemmar ad nesbedd garra di Afɣanisatan s (les militants n) l’internet niɣ s wudem-n-wedřis (Facebook). Maca s Twiza n Imaziɣen di tmurt n Tmezɣa nzemmar, ticti n wadday, ad nesbedd atmun i wnaraǧ (ajjar), niɣ ad nfaren Amɣar i ɣa issiwřen s yisem n weydud. Aṭṭas war iǧi ca drus i itwazemmaren ad itwagg s Twiza n Imaziɣen. Mařa narr d zman n Twiza, niɣ -ad nini ejj- ad narzu mayemmi tweddař war teqqim, ad xafes nesseqsa amẓyan d umeqqran, awtem, tawtemt; ticti n wadday, ad nemsawaḍ aked iwdan imeqqran ḥuma ad nessen tidett n Twiza (sans rémunération) d mammec iǧa teggen imarawen (ancêtres) nneɣ deg ussan n zic. S uquḍeḍ n wawař, ixeṣṣ war ntettu ca aqa aked umadaf n “bilad lmexzen” i tweddar Twiza n Imaziɣen di tmurt n Arrif, smun akides argab n Twiza di teqbič n Ayt Sɛid.
Mařa nedweř ɣar umezruy, nzemmar ad nini aqa agles (antiquity) niɣ statue quo n Ayt Sɛid imradas u iqqen ɣar weẓwar n umezruy d tɣerma (civilisation) n umenkud (empire) n Tmezɣa. Umi sseqsiɣ x teqbič n Ayt Sɛid, nnan ayi aqa qqarent i Dar kebdani, Amejjaw, Ayt mact, d Tazaɣin. Di twařat-a war ggureɣ ad ssiwiřeɣ ca x min nnan imezrayen x umezruy n Ayt Sɛid, maca xseɣ ad mmuṭyeɣ ḥuma ad ssiwřeɣ x min imsaren di Řkebdani deg wass n 14 zeg uyur n 7, deg useggʷas n 2012. Qbeř anebdu, yus ayi d ijj n e-mail itettar zeg iwdan n Ayt Sɛid, awtem d awtemt, ad nyarwen ass n 14 n uyur n 7, ad munen ḥuma ad ssiwřen x min zemmaren ad ggen ayt n tmurt i tmurt nsen, ad ssiwřen x waddad n teqbič. Umi ikkar ubarreḥ, ijja ayi ad dewřeɣ ɣar tmettisent (sociologie) n teqbič, d wedřis n Pennel (A country with a government and a flag: the Rif War in Morocco, 1921-1926, ḥuma ad ɣari tiři ijj n txarriṣt x umezruy n waydud n Arrif.
Marra Ayt Sɛid ssnen aqa din ca n yewdan, zeg inni iǧa izzenzen taqbič i Wseppanyu, aqa yen ɛad ssarsen afus nsen x wagřa n teqbič, ḥewwsen timura n midden, kemmřen ɣeǧřen dewřen ḥekkmen! Nec tɣiř ayi, ad nessiweř uřa x manaya, maca manaya tuɣa t ɣari -d terja waha- qbeř i ɣa yawḍeɣ ɣar uqidun!
Iwḍeɣ ɣar Řkebdani zic, nekka zzat i wendrar (furbo) n tcamma, nufa ayenni mani iwḍen ssewjaden tiɣawṣiwin ɣar wazzay n uqiḍun. Xseɣ ad ziyyareɣ x třemmizta (opportunité) ḥuma ad qadiɣ marra inni ixarrṣen deg umsagar n Ayt Sɛid d inni ibedden x iḍaren nsen, ǧiret d wass, ḥuma ad nyarwen tarwa d yessis n tmurt n teqbič, u ḥuma tiwecca farwicca ad temqudda aked tmura nneɣni.
Adu yisem n “afus deg ufus ad nemsawaḍ, ad nmun.”, issiweř Mohamed Remdani inna aqa manaya itwagg i “yinni itarran tayni i teqbič, u rexxu aqa nesmun iwdan i d yusin zi barra (lxarij) d yewdan i d yusin zi tneddam nneɣni….inna aqa “lhadaf…ad nesmun iwdan, qaɛ lmuthaqqafin, ḥuma ad d ɛeqben cwayt ɣar tmurt, ɣar iẓewran nsen, ɛawed tanya ḥuma ad arren cwayt taynit nsen ɣar tmurt nsen, maḥend ad negg ttenmiya i tmurt nneɣ…”
Awarni as issiweř ssi Zahid, inna aqa tamesmunt tetwagg ḥuma ad yiři ijj n: “redd liɛtibar i lmenṭaqa aya i ɛicen ttehmic….ad taff ad teqqim d lmunasaba kuř aseggʷass.” Sřiɣ ɛawed i yeǧis n ayt Sɛid, tenna aqa “Iteqqes aneɣ řḥař x tmurt nneɣ, ntaff itt nettat d taneggarut di tmura i yeǧan.”
Immewc wawař i yijj n utarras qqaren as Zizawi, inna aqa “ssitimeɣ war ssa nteffeɣ ḥama negga ijj n tewriqt zi ɣa nxeṭṭeṭ….zi ɣa newc cwayt i teqbič nneɣ…”
Issiweř ijj n Řaj x umezruy n Ayt Sɛid deg wakud n Useppanyu, ……maca war tejjin ad ikemmeř awařnnes. Tuɣa ixs ad yini aṭṭas n tmesřayin x min imsaren nican deg Ait Sɛid maca ssiwřen as deg umezzuɣ u nnan as ” ….war ǧi ca řexxu i ɣa tesfeḍḥed inni izzenzen Ait Sɛid….”
X ijj n uɣezdis, marra manaya icewwar, maca x uɣezdis nneɣni, aṭṭas n wakud i itwawcen i yinni iɣennjen, arrni d xafes ca nneɣni war iḍbiɛen. Nec simant inu war ssineɣ min i ɣar d usiɣ! Twasit inu tedweř d urar n buqueyyuɛ, ma ad negg afus deg ufus am war nessin umi i ɣa newc afus!? Niɣ ad nmun am war i daneɣ itwanna wiked i ɣa nmun, d mammec i ɣa negg ad nmun? Niɣ ad nemsawaḍ s iceṭṭiḥen d yizřan!? Min ɣar d usin iwdan iqqim d azyen! immurḍes! War inni ḥed mayemmi, niɣ d mammec i das i ɣa negg twařat nneɣni.
Ad yiři neccin nennum nessawař aṭṭas, ntegg drus, maca ijj war izemmar ad ingef ad yini aqa min itwannan d wenni i ɣa yiřin ssa d tsawent maɣar aqa iwdan udfen břa ahil (programme) u ffɣen břa ahil. Ma ammu i ɣa neqqim nesnuffara tidett x wayawya?!
Waxxa necca, neswa, nezra imeddukar i war nezri zeg wami iǧa neqqar marra di lqecla n Řkebdani, maca ixeṣṣ manaya war daneɣ itejji ca ad ncarf iřes nneɣ. Iwdan n zic, tuɣa xmi tafen tařa tarwi, qqaren “raja ař i ɣa tezdeg”, xenni i ɣa yaymen. War ssineɣ ca min txarrṣen iwdan nneɣni! Ad yiři řa nitni tuɣa trajan amecnaw mammec tuɣa inna ijj n utarras zeg inni issiwřen umi inna aqa ‘ssitimeɣ war ssa nteffeɣ ḥuma negga ijj n tewriqt zi ɣa nxeṭṭeṭ….zi ɣa newc cwayt i teqbič nneɣ…’ maca neffeɣ-d ifassen nneɣ xwan!
Tcuni n tebrit tagdut, simant nnes, ixeṣṣ itt uxarreṣ d ameqqran, ad yiři yiriw, imɣar, ktar mařa nmud it niɣ narni ɣares manaya:
- Vision
- Mission
- Objectives
- Strategy
- Policy
- Projects
- Budgets.
Marra manaya ixeṣṣ ad itwagg ḥuma ad iddar, Usɛid, Tusɛit, di tnamurt niɣ di tɣrimt (citoyenneté) nsen. Ixeṣṣ ad nessen aqa Ayt Sɛid war ggur ad ibeddeř, ad as temmarni tcuni mařa war nekkar x iḍaren nneɣ marra, tarwa d yessis n tmurt, ad nesmun tizemmar, ad as narni tisinan (grade) i tmurt nneɣ, tammurt i tuɣa la babas la yemmas ař ami kkaren tarwa n tmurt xarreṣen deg umsagar umi itwagg ijj n yisem icewwar: afus deg ufus, ad nemsawaḍ, ad nmun…
* Ayt Sɛid


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text: Macahu! Ad yeg Ṛebbi ad tt-yesselhu ad tt-yeg amzun d asaru! Yella yiwen yesea sebea warrac. Teddem tmeṭṭut-is tadist, yeḥdeṛ-d ad d-tarew. Heddṛen medden di tejmaet, nnan-as: -Leflani ad yernu Yur-s weqcic, yerna atmaten-is di sebea usmen, ur t-bYin ara. Mi tesla Sstut i medden heddṛen akka lehduṛ-agi, teddem tessaweḍ-iten-id i warraw n wergaz-nni. Msefhamen di sebea yid-sen, ggullen, nnan-as: «Neuhed-ik a Ṛebbi ar ma tesea-d yemma-tneY taqcict, ad neddem isuḍaf ad nYenni, ma tesea-d aqcic, ad neddem isuḍaf ad nennejli. ». Lmeena-s, ma tesea-d yemma-tsen taqcict ad kkren s urar d ccnawi, ma tesea-d aqcic, ad refden ifassen-nsen d yiḍarren-nsen ad kken tawwurt, ad nnejlin. Tesla-yasen Sstut mi ttgallan akka, tṛuḥ tqusem-asen tameddit n wass i deg d-turew yemma-tsen, teqqar-asen yiwen, yiwen: – Ay a leflani, yemma-k terna-d aqcic! Ihi, ur nudan ara ula d anadi ad ttḥeqqen ma d tidett, ddmen isuḍaf, nnejlan. Yemma-tsen d taqcict i d-tesea mačči d aqcic. Nitni nnejlan, ğğan imawlan-nsen. Tru yemma-tsen armi teeya, tuYal teṣber s tmara. Armi d asmi tewweḍ teqcict d tamazzalt. Ass-n deg wussan n Ṛebbi, tṛuḥ teqcict Yer tala. Tqusem-as daYen Sstut, tawi yid-s tayedḍiḍt n uYerda, ternu taYerbalt, tessendi-ten s amizab ad ččaṛen. Taqcict, tuṛğa, tuṛğa, tuṛğa armi…

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ASELMED (SIWEL) —Talatinit ansi i-d teffeɣ tefransist, ur s rran azal di Franṣa, ma d nutni (Adabu n Fṛansa), mmɣen ɣer taɛrabt.
Iqbayliyen yettidiren di Fransa, arraw-nnsen di llakul amenzu (Ecole primaire), ṭfen iseɣ si lakul i wakken ad ɣren kra n tutlayin tijenṭaḍ, garasent, taɛrabt.
Akken walaɣ, ur cukkeɣ ara llan Iseɛudiyen neɣ Iɛraben tidiren di Fṛansa, xas ma llan, aken walaɣ ad ɣren tutlayin yessaẓen ɣr zdat.
Tamuɣli-w, tenna-d belli Fṛansa, imi terna tutlayt n Taɛrabt deg uɣrbaz, ur cukkeɣ ara tḥemmel widak yesɛan aẓar Amaẓiɣ neɣ Akbayli, widak agi rewlen seg Tiɛerbubt ne Tefrikt Ugafa, taneggarut agi, teṭṭafar-iten ula di Franṣa.
Ilaq, ad nesmekti belli tin umi qqaren Taɛrabt, ulac di ddunit win yettargun neɣ iḥemmlen yiss. Taɛrabt, am tlatinit, d tutlayin yemmuten, ur telli d tutlayt tayemmatt n yiwen. Imi akka, ayen akka, idrimen ne tebzert n Iṛumiyen ad ruḥen di twaɣit? d-acu yellan deffir waya?
Ur tnadit ara, anida nniḍen, Fṛansa, tezzmer azekka ad tekcem di tdukli n tmura tiɛrabin yedduklen, Fransa terra akk izzayriyen d aɛraben, tesxerb assen allaɣ d laṣl nnsen alarmi kerhen ula d tamurt n imawlan nnsen.
Iqbayliyen yettidiren dinna, di Fṛansa, walit kan ma tebɣam arraw nnwen ad wexren si tlufa n rebrab, ur ilaq ara ad issinen Taɛrabt, ar a ten yawin srid ɣer idlisen d tiliwa n tkerkass d ccwal uran waɛraben s taɛrabt. Selket arraw nnwen, si cwal, neɣ ad tuɣalem akka ar zdat d imawlan n irebraben.
di lkaɣeḍ agi i cuddeɣ deg wadlis agi, llant 3 tɣawsiwin iyi d-isduqsen:
01) Aselmed n tutlayt yedren (Enseignement optionel de langue vivante) : Si melmi tella taɛrabt, d tutlayt yeddren? anwa agdud agi itt yetmeslayen? Ula d aɛraben n tidett ğğan-tt. Irumiyen zzran aya, maca, bɣan kan ad ččaren allaɣ n warraw-nnwen s tmusni tilemt, d wayen ara t-en icudden ɣer deffir d timmuhbelt.
02) Iselmaden n taɛrabt a ten id-ceggɛen si tmurt n waɛraben, tadyant agi tesmekti-yi ipalestiniyen iɣ isiɣren di tmurt, widak ig rebban Izzayriyen s taɛrabt. Ur cukkeɣ ara tɣefl-em af taggara, amek taɛrabt tečča taqbaylit nneɣ.
03) Widak ar ad yččaren lakkulat n taɛrabt di Fṛansa, banen anwa. D widak yumnen s yeswi n waɛraben n ibaɛɛtiyen. yal aɣref isɛa iswi-nes. Aɣref aqbayli abrid is iban ula d netta.
Slemdet iw arraw nnwen Taqbaylit ara ten yawin ɣɣer wannar n tmusni d tikli n imezwura nneɣ. D ayagi kan ara ten icudden ɣer tmurt nnwen taqbaylit, d winna kan id abrid ittawin.
Slimane Hallah
SIWEL 211215 Mar 17


text:
Ayen yesnecraḥen ulawen
Ilemẓiyen-nneɣ
Yad icerwen tidi ɣef tlelli
Azaglu yersen fell-aɣ seg wasmi i tefra lgirra n 1954-1962 atan tura yekcem-it rekku. Annect-a yeḍra acku aṭas n yirgazen d tlawin i icerwen tidi-nsen ɣef tlelli i tarwa n tmurt-nsen. Kecmen leḥbus, ttwaregmen, qqimen i usemmiḍ, rgagin seg tugdi seg yad ur nessin d acu i d azref n umdan. Aṭas deg yirgazen-a d tilawin-a mazal ar ass-a ur brin ara i “ṭṭbel deg waman”. Ihi nessaram-asen tazmart ad teɣzi n tmeddurt. Ismawen-nsen yessefk ad qqimen nesxen deg wallaɣen-nneɣ. Ur yessefk ara a nettu azal-nsen, ma yella ccḍen-d kra n wass deg wawal neɣ xedmen kra niḍen i nufa ur yelhi. Dacu kan nessaram daɣen ur tettun ara nutni s yiman-nsen taluft n ucraw n tidi ɣef tlelli-nneɣ, ɣas ma rwan neɣ ṭtfen imeḍqan n tsertit neɣ n wayen niḍen.
Ayen yesluɣayen ulawen
Imenɣi gar-aneɣ
I wakken ad tkemmel tikli ɣer sdat, ad tseggem tmurt-nneɣ, ad nessiweḍd kra n wass ad nili am nekni am yiɣerfan niḍen, yessefk ad yili yimenɣi gar-aneɣ. Dacu kan imenɣi gar-aneɣ i yellan tura ur yessefk ara ad yezger tilisa.
Akken neẓra, llan kra n warraw n tmurt-nneɣ, ma yennuɣ d gma-s neɣ d mmi-s n tmurt-is, ad yeqqim akken alamma tenger tmeddurt. Deg waṭas n tmura nniḍen mačči akka i teddunt tlufa. Medden mi ara nnaɣen ɣef kra, ttuɣalen ttmeslayen ɣef taluft-nni almma tefra. Nekni ɣur-neɣ tikwal ad nnaɣen sin, nutni s yiman-nsen ur ẓerren ara acuɣer. Yezmer yiwen ad tt-yesker gar-asen i wakken kan a ten-yebḍu. Nutni yiwen ur yettnadi ad yemmeslay d wayeḍ. Ad as-yini kan yiwen i wayeḍ : “Atan yenna-d yiwen aya d waya fell-ak”, ad terwi. Annect-a neẓra-t iḍerru gar waṭas n yergazen-nneɣ isertiten. Akken tebɣu teḍra twaɣit di tmurt-nsen, ɣas terwi ɣef tarwa n tmurt-nsen (amedya: tafsut taberkant 2001/2) ur ttemlilen ara ger-asen i wakken ahat ad afen tifrat i twaɣit-nsen. Di tmura nniḍen mara ad taweḍ taluft ɣef wayen yesdukklen akk tamurt, neɣ ayen i zemren ad yefk rriba i tmurt, dɣa ad ttun akk imenɣi-nsen, ad myuṭṭafen afus deg ufus.
Imenɣi gar-aneɣ ur yessefkt ara ad yili d imenɣi s “nnif n twaɣit” i yessegririben imdanen ɣer yiɣẓer. Imenɣi gar-aneɣ ur yessefk ara aɣ-yesettu ayen i aɣ-isdukkeln. Agerruj-a n tdukkli yessefk a t-neḥrez akken tebɣu tella ssebba n wunuɣ gar-aneɣ.
Acuɣer ur as-nettak ara i tutlayt-nneɣ azal i tuklal ?
Tura anabaḍ ur aɣ-yekkis ara ad naru s tutlayt-nneɣ, ɣas ur aɣ d-yefki ara afus akken yessefk i wakken ad tili tezwawt-nneɣ d tutlayt n twuri di tmurt-nneɣ. Asmi ara tili tutlayt-nneɣ d tutlayt taweryant (tunṣibt), ass-nni aṭas deg-neɣ ara tt-ilemden, i wakken ad afen imeḍqan n twuri. Maca ma yella ur nessaweḍ ara tura yakan i wannect-a, ur yessefk ara a nrebbex iɣallen. Yessef a neg ayen nezmer nekni s yiman-nneɣ.
Di tmurt-nneɣ llant waṭas n tmeɣriwin. Amedya: “Tameɣra n yisura s tmaziɣt”, “tameɣra n tbexsisin”, tameɣra n waya d waya. Annect-a dayen yelhan aṭas. Maca ur ssineɣ ara ma tella kra n tmeɣra n walmud n tira s tutlayt-nneɣ. Timeɣriwin n tira s tezwawt yessefk ad lint i yimeẓẓyanen, ad ilint i yimeqqranen. Yezmer yiwen ad yesker timsizliyin n tira s tezwawt. Asmekti n tefsut tamaziɣt n 1980 d tefsut taberkant n 2001 yessefk ad tilint daɣen d timeɣriwin n tira s tezwawt. Ur yessefk ara ad ilint kan d timeɣriwin n usuɣu ɣef tmaziɣt. Yessefk ad yexdem yiwen ayen yezmer i wakken medden ɣur-neɣ ad sɛun lbenna deg tira s tutlayt-nsen. Ɣur-neɣ mi ara ad mlilen medden ad sbedden kra n temlilit neɣ ad ɛerḍen ad frun kra n taluft, yiwen ur d-yessufuɣ imru (astilu) neɣ iccer n lkaɣeḍ. Taluft-a n tira s tutlayt-nneɣ yessefk ad nebges tura yakan ɣur-s. Acku war tira ur nzemmer ara a nefru tilufa-nneɣ. Tura tilufa n tmeddurt mačči dayen fessusen a tent-yefru yiwen war tira, mačči am zik-nni.
Idlisen i yellan s tezwawt ur ttnuzun ara akken yessefk. Yad i ten-d yessufuɣen cerwen tidi fella-sen, yernu aṭas n yidlisen-a teffɣen di ddemma-nsen. Ttazzalen seg tqernit ɣer tayeḍ i wakken ad ssenzen ayen i d-suffɣen, yernu s lexṣara.
Di tudrin-nneɣ llan imusnawen, llant tmusnawin, imedyazen, timedyazin. Dacu kan tamusni-nsen tettɣamay tekres deg wallaɣen-nsen, neɣ yettawi-tt waḍu, acku ulac win ara sen-yefken afus, i wakken ad suffɣen tamusnu-nsen ɣef yiccer n lkaɣeḍ.
Tamusni i yellan di tudrin-nneɣ d agerruj. Dacu kan ad yemmet kan yiwen ad yawi tamusni yid-s. Ihi ineggura ur ttafen ara ixef neɣ abrid n wayen i gan imezwura. Dɣa ɣef akka i nteddu kan deffir n yiɣerfan niḍen. Amedya : Di taddart-nneɣ yella yiwen ibennu tisyar n waman. Yemmut kan yiwen ur yeẓri tura amek ara yebnu tasirt n waman.
Aṭas n tlawin di tudrin-nneɣ ɣur-sent isefra d taktiwin niḍen. Aṭas deg-sent lemmer snent ad arunt, ad suffɣent aṭas n tmusni-nsent. Amedya: Ma yella nneḥcament neɣ ugadent ad inint ayen bɣant s uqemmuc, ad arunt annect-a s kra n yismawen nniḍen. Ihi ad nɣer ayen i bɣant ad t-id-inint. Yernu aṭas n tlufa yettneḥcam a tent id-yini yiwen ama d argaz, ama d tameṭṭut gar medden s uqemmuc, maca yezmer ad yaru fell-asent.
Aṭas n warraw n tmurt-nneɣ ttsuɣun deg yiḍ deg wass ɣef tmaziɣt, ma d nutni ur teddren ara s tmaziɣt. Ttmeslayen, ttarun s tefransist, ɣilen s wannect-a ara d tali tmaziɣt d asawen. Yernu imdanen-a zemren i tira n tmaziɣt ma bɣan. Kra deg-sen, a s-yini yiwen ala sin wawalen i yessnen s tmaziɣt. Mi ara ad ttmeslayen d tarwa n tmurt-nsen (mi ara ad ttaken tinawin (isaragen), ad bdun s wawal “azul”, ad kemmlen ameslay s tefransist. Di taggara ad inin “tanemmirt”. Attan tmaziɣt-nsen !
Da yessefk ad yini yiwen tidet i qqerḥen : Llan kra n yirgazen (tilawin) i nẓer amek i qeddcen ɣef tezwawt, am wakken yella kra ur nefri di twuri-nsen. Irgazen-a ttbinen-d am wakken ur cliɛen ara deg tira n tezwawt. Ttarran-tt kan ɣer tefranisit. Irgazen d tilawin-a nessaram awah ad inin tura yakan dacu i bɣan: Ma d tamaziɣt tazwawt neɣ d tafransist i yessefk ad tili d tutlayt n twuri di tmurt-nneɣ. Ma yella d tafransist i ẓran yessefk ad tili, ihi ad ɣ-d-inin dacu i d amḍiq n tezwawt? Yernu ad nefk awal i tarwa n tmurt-nneɣ, a nẓer dacu ara ad yini wamur ameqqran deg-s. Ma yella ad yebɣu tazwawt, neɣ tafransist, neɣ taɛrabt. Ima yella amur ameqqran deg-s yenna-d yebɣa taɛrabt ara yilin d tutlayt taweryant (tunsibt) mačči d tafransist amek ara nexdem?
Acuɣer i tt-nettara kan ɣer rregmat deg wiyiḍ d nekni nugi ad nẓer ayen neswaɣay s yiman-nneɣ. Acuɣer aṭas deg-neɣ ar assa ugin ad fken i tutlayt-nsen amḍiq i tuklal. Tikwal mi ara ad ttmeslayen kra n warraw n tmurt-nneɣ s tefransist am akken ɣilen d tazwawt i ttmeslayen, acku sseddayen-d kra n wawalen s tezwawt. Neẓra akk amḍiq n tefransist di tmetti-nneɣ meqqer. Neẓra nennum d tutlayt-a. Maca ma nebɣa ad nili d Izwawen yessefk ad tili tutlayt-nneɣ d tutlayt n twuri, n tmusni d wayen nniḍen. Iberraniyen ur zemmren ara ad aɣ-fehmen ma yella nettsuɣu ɣef tutlayt-nneɣ ma d nekni nettarra-t kan ɣer tefransist neɣ ɣer taɛrabt.
Ihi yessefk ad nuɣal ɣer tidet-nneɣ, a nedder s wudem-nneɣ. Akken i as-qqaren: “ddaw n ubrid, nnig n ubrid, taggara-s d abrid”.
Ihi tidet d tutlayt-nneɣ tamaziɣt tazwawt. Tikli ɣer yiswi-a yezmer ad yugzil, ma nuzzel tura yakan fell-as.
Ama yeɣra yiwen s tefransist ama s taɛrabt, tamaziɣt tazwawt tesdukkel-aɣ akk!
Di tmurt-nneɣ tella tefransist, tella taɛrabt, wa yeqqar s tefransist, wa s taɛrabt, wa ixeddem s tefransist wa s taɛrabt. Annect-a d amezruy n tmurt-nneɣ. Nezmer ma nebɣa a necrew akk tidi, ad ncemmer iɣallen-nneɣ ɣef tezwawt-nneɣ i wakken ad tuɣal kra n wass ad tessekcam aɣrum. Annect-a yezmer ad yesdukkel akk Izwawen, ama yeɣra yiwen s taɛrabt, ama s tefransist. Yernu ma nessaweḍ kra n wass ad tili tmaziɣt-nneɣ d tutlayt tamezwarut di tmurt-nneɣ, ur ntekkes tafransist ur ntekkes taɛrabt.
Amek i yezmer yiwen ad yefk kra n lbenna i tira s tezwawt ?
Akken i neẓra, ar tura yad yettarun, yeqqaren s tezwawt ur ugiten ara. Aṭas deg-sen ttkukrun ad ɣren neɣ ad arun s tezwawt.
A tent-a kra n tektiwin, amek yezmer yiwen ad yefk acemma afus i wakken ad yesɛu yiwen lbenna ad iɣer, ad yaru s tezwawt :
- yessefk yiwen ad yettraru tazwawt s yisekkilen imeqqranen,
- yessek ad yaru yiwen iḍrisen d imeẓẓyanen, neɣ ma yura yiwen aḍris aɣezfan, yessefk ad ig deg-s aṭas n yiḥricen d imeẓẓyanen, ad ig aṭas n tfutuyin (tugniwin). Ma yeẓra yiwen tafutut telha ad yebɣu ad yefhem dacu i yuran ddaw-as,
Ad yaru yiwen daɣen ɣef wayen fessusen am: tayri neɣ tiwuɣa i ḍerrun di tmurt-nneɣ neɣ di tmura niḍen.
Acuɣer tiririt ilifeẓ ɣef tezwawt ?
Llan waṭas deg-neɣ qqaren, aneft i medden ad mmeslayen, ad arun, ad cnun s wayen bɣan. Am akken nettbin-d nekni s yad/tid i yettazzalen ɣef tmaziɣt d wid n zik-nni ur nebɣi ara a nẓer, akud iteddu ɣer sdat, yettbeddil aṭtas n tlufa di yal timetti. Nettbin-asen-d am akken nettarra ilifeẓ, n tezzi kan ɣef taluft-a n tmaziɣt.
D acu i yezmer ad sen-yini yiwen? A ten-a kra n wawalen kan:
Nekni ur neɣi ara ad temmet tutlayt-nneɣ. Ma yella n rebbex iɣallen am kunwi a t-an kra n wass ad temmet.
Nettazzal i wakken tamusni ad teddu ɣer sdat ula di tmurt-nneɣ. Aṭas deg tarwa n tmurt-nneɣ zemren ad lemden s uɣiwel tutlayt n tyemmat-nsen i wakken ad selken iman-nsen di tmeddurt. Annect-a ur s- zemren ara s taɛrabt neɣ s tefransist.
Nekni, neẓra ula d tutlayt-nneɣ tazwawt tezmer i tmusni, tezmer i tsertit d kra yellan nniḍen.
Nekni nettazzal ɣef tlelli, ɣef yizerfan n umdan di ddunit akk. Tira n tutlayt n tyemmat n yiwen/yiwet d azref n umdan.
Nettazzal ɣef tutlayt-nneɣ acku neẓra tutlayin niḍen ur ifent ara tutlayt-nneɣ.
Nettazzal ad tedder tutlayt-nneɣ am nettat am tutlayin niḍen, acku neẓra tutlayt-nneɣ tecbeḥ ɣur-neɣ am wakken I cebḥent tutlayin niḍen ɣer yimawlan-nsent.
Tutlayt-nneɣ nessaram ad tesɛu amḍiq-is gar tutlayin n iɣerfan niḍen.
Awal aneggaru ɣef taluft-a n tutlayin i yellan di tmurt-nneɣ
Ass-a di tmurt-nneɣ yezmer ad yini yiwen, tafransit am wakken nerra-tt i tmusni d zzux, taɛrabt nerra-tt i tẓallit d lmut, tazwawt nerra-tt i ccna d ccdeḥ.
Annect-a ur yessefk ara ad yeqqim akka. Yessefk kra n wass, tamaziɣt tazwawt ad tili d tutlayt n kra yellan: tamusni, tawuri, zzhu d lmut. Ass-nni nezmer ad nini ɣur-neɣ tutlayt am tutlayin niḍen.
Akli Kebaili, Dr di tussniwin tisertanin , (Frankfurt am Main/Lalman)


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Aẓeḍḍa-a yella yesseqdac tiftarin yettwadeɣlen (tikarḍiwin tiɣelnawin n tmagit d teftarin n tkeṛṛusin) yernu llan ttmahalen s yisem n yiwet n teṛmist takellaxt akken ad d-sɣen yernu ad ssenzen isafaren d tɛeqqacin n leɛqel, ɣef wakken ay d-yenna weɣbalu-a ay d-yernan dakken armud n tegrawt-a iḥuza-d acḥal n twilayin, gar-asent Ldzayer, Qsenṭina, Tabatent, Skikda, Ɛennaba, Um Lebwaqi d Ǧelfa.
Tamsetla taɣelnawt tubeẓ semmus-nni (5) n yemdanen ay yettekkan deg tegrawt-a yernu tessebded-iten sdat wuwkil n tegduda n Ɛennaba ay yumṛen akken ad ttwaḥebsen seg leɛḍil ad ɛeddin deg ccṛeɛ.


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Řḥaj Aliman di tmurt n Arrif-ublik
Řḥaj Aliman issekkar abarraḥ di ssuq n Wejdir: A Ifransisen! maɣar teggim ammu, tmenɣam aked Mulay Muḥend? Aqa i netta i umi itwagg ccan di tmurt a; itwassen s tcuni, netta d amjahed imenɣan, d amejdub n tɣennant, d azedgan n tiɣit; ad kenniw yejj d azbar i wezdam n temɣarin, ad teqqimem d im̥arhan ijj iqqen ɣar wenneɣni, timmatin nwem ad xawem ewtent ayejdur.
Atarras itmenɣa x tesɣart nnes yurezzu x tirelli; i kenniw min turezzum? Min xef tezḍuqquzem ixf nwem? Isim-d deg iḍaren nwem ɣar tmurt n Arrif-ublik, řḥajj aliman aqa itraja kenniw deg Wejdir ad awem isscen tibridin d ufejjej n řeḥbeq.
Maca mařa war dayi tessinem ad awem iniɣ min dayi yuɣin. Mařa war tuminem, seqsam iwdan i dayi issnen. Siweř cek, siweř cek a Sheean? Maca nec a řḥaj! mammec ɣa ggeɣ ad akisen ssiwřeɣ? Inna as řḥaj aliman:   Ok, ok, {Sheean issawař, řḥajj aliman ismuṭṭu awařen ɣar Tmaziɣ}.
Inna awem aqa Mulay Muḥend d abbaḥ, ixarriṣen nnes war beddřen; amec nneɣni, mmarenyen deg ussan a ibarcanen. Zi min zzayes ẓriɣ ass a, sneɣ aqa ǧa war xafes isiɣ ca n rxezrat nican zi tcarmin, (maca netta) d ijj n waryaz iqedd, temɣaret nnes temmarni aṭṭas s twaɣit n imenɣan. D aya i yexs ad awem yini.
Ikke-d ssenni řqayed Buḥut, iwta as deg weɛruř, inna as: iwyi cek-d arebbi ad teqqḍeḍ timessi. Waxxa ca n twařatin itnuɣ as yiřes, niɣ war izemmar ad isfarez awař amecnaw ait n tmurt, yarra xafes innas: s jjehd n yallah, ad ggeɣ babatsen fartuna. Inna s řqayed Buḥut xmi ɣa tesfesyed x wuř nnec ak-d imsewqen, ase-d ɣari ɣar řfusina cek d Sheean, d Oto Noja, d weḍbib nni zi Nnurwij. Imezdaɣ n Wejdir imɣar daysen manaya. Ttaren zzayes ad asen issiweř x tudart nnes. Munen-d xafes abaru n yewdan, uca ibda istextux:
[……Nec isemma ayi baba Peter Strauss, tuɣa ayi d aɛeskari di tmurt n Uliman. Aḍerren n yisem inu tḥajit nnes temɣar, war ɣares azeǧif uřa d iḍaren. Deg wakud n garra n tmeḍlant tamezwarut, immut ayi ijj n waryaz jar ifassen, nec war ǧa ǧiɣ ca d ameɛguz, farefceɣ deg waruḍ nnes, ucareɣ as recwaɣeḍ, uca dewřeɣ ggureɣ zzaysen. Udem nnes d wenni inu arewsen deg wayawya! Idweř qqaren ayi Otto Josef Klems. Umi d arewřeɣ ɣar ait Warrayen, beddřen ayi iḍeʷřan inu isem ggin ayi řḥajj aliman. Nec ḥekkareɣ i tenḥisiyyin nec ɛad d ameẓyan di Dusseldorf. Ucareɣ tinɛacin i baba arweřeɣ ɣar Fransa ak-d ijj n tmecḍaḥt. Din i ɣebbiɣ asari jar Nice d Cannes, d Marseille. Tuɣa ayi cniɣ, qeddeɣ, d miɣis, maca tuɣa war dayi ca yuř1.]
Jar iseggʷusa n 1914 d 1918 tuɣa yi d acekkam ɣar Uliman di tmurt n Lmeɣrib. Tuɣa sneɣ iřsawen n midden amen tenna, teggeɣ min xseɣ maca war ssineɣ mani ggureɣ. S uya i xafi uzzřen Ilimaniyyen zi řxedmet. Tuɣa ccateɣ ammu d wammu, znuziɣ řexbar i Wliman, tɛawadeɣ as tamenziwt i Ifransisen.
Ssenni arewřeɣ ɣar tendint n Fas, xedmeɣ ak-d Ifransisen, kkiɣ akidsen ca n wussan, rid ca n Wefransis yudef ayi deg uř! Ssenni, Kkaren Ifransisen ssehwan ayi di ccan, ksen ayi triyyat. Marra min tuɣa ɣari ksen ayit, tuɣa ɣari ca n warruḍ n řɛeskar snuffareɣ t xafsen; ggin dayi afeqqus uca isiɣ taqrabt inu telɛeɣ. Tuɣa war dayi tisi tmurt, msagareɣ aked ijj n waryaz zi teqbič n ait Warrayen, muneɣ akides ɣar tmurt nnes. Nec sneɣ ad ssiwřeɣ, qqimen imezdaɣ n dcar arezmen dayi aqemmum (bu-yiřes midden akides), arenyeɣ asen nniɣ asen aqa nec xseɣ ad seřmeɣ! Was für eine Überraschung!!!! Nec tuɣa řebda dayi Tafanṭaẓect. Tuɣa cciɣ bu-narjuf x tubbuheřya.
Qqimeɣ akidsen, dewřeɣ tetteɣ amecnaw nitni, sɣeǧayeɣ ifenqar n weysum amecnaw ayrad, řemmẓeɣ aḥerḥur s tqebbit n ifassen. Ijj n twařa deg unebdu, ussan n ṣmayem nenniwju ɣar zzawect n sidi ‘beřqasem azerwal’ ad negg llamet; ssidfen aneɣ-d tiɣaṭin ɣar řemraḥ n wemrabeḍ, iwa uca nnan aneɣ: ṭḍeṭ aɣi n tɣaṭin aqa dayes lbaraka! twařiɣ iwdan udaren saddu ibbac n tɣaṭin, udareɣ nec, tuɣa aṭṭas war zriɣ ca, uca bdiɣ teṭḍeɣ! aɣi iḥma, tfuct n ṣmayem! marra min xafi ikkin, iqqim ɛad. Ssenni, uffiɣ t d tařemmizt ad arenyeɣ ad řemdeɣ Tmaziɣt nsen. Tuɣa dewřeɣ am řefqi n temzida marra iwdan ssnen ayi, ameẓyan d umeqqran. Smercen ayi, ggin ayi urar ɛemmars ad t ttuɣ. Uyuren wussan usin-d, dewřeɣ ssřemmdeɣ asen mammec ɣa ewten řbarud deg Wefransis. S warruḍ n řɛeskar i tuɣa ɣari iqqimen, dewřeɣ tadfeɣ, teffɣeɣ mammec xseɣ. Imukrisen tuɣa di nnuɣen ait Warrayen, dewřeɣ tfekkiɣ ten s mqentuṭṭuc. Umi tuɣa ayi deg ait Warrayen aked imjahden, aṭṭas i nɣiɣ n řɛeskar n Fransa, wenni ɣa nɣeɣ, tejjiɣ xas ijj n tewriqt teřseq x teřmect, dayes isem inu: “Hadj aleman”. Dewřen iwdan jar Taza d Fas tɛawaden ineɣmisen x řḥaj aliman, arrin ayi deg wemcan n Řalla Tamẓa! ssaggʷaden zzayi řwaɣec. Ifransisen, ccin akidi tiṣennart, tnusen s wemnus, tfaqan s wemnus, tfafan s wemnus; marra min xafi ssekken, ndemmen xas, minzi nec war ǧiɣ ca am yinni iqqaren: “ afus war tzemmared ad t tɣeẓẓeḍ, suden it”, nec ad t ɣeẓẓeɣ, ad t sɣerseɣ! Nec qqaren ayi Řḥaj Aliman, tuři, tuři. Nec d Alimanu-Maziɣ, war ǧiɣ ca d Afransis, war ǧiɣ ca d maggʷad, war tettuɣ ca tazengart inu (trots) tessnem aqa “ɣir aɣyuř i inekkaren ṭṭaṣila nnes.”
Aseggʷas n 1924, ẓwiɣ-d ɣar tmurt n Arrif, anda n yiyraden. Sseqsiɣ x Mulay Muḥend, iwyen ayi ɣares ɣar řfusina. Netta iẓra ayi, ikkar ibedd, inna ayi: cek d Řḥajj Aliman? …..]
S weḍfar………
1 Rebels-in-the-Rif, David-S-Woolman, pp: 151-152


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WEHRAN – Aseggas n 2017 d aseggas ayiwnan i lmend n usfugel n useggas wis miyya n tlalit n Mouloud Mammeri, seg yimezwura deg taɣult n timmuzɣa, i yezzireg ass n lǧemɛa deg Wehran Si El Hachemi Assad, Amaray n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa (HCA).
Asfugel n useggas wis miyya n tlalit n Mouloud Mammeri d tadyant taɣelnawt tameqqrant, d tiririt n uzal i umaru ameqqran akked umesnemdan azzayri’’, i d-yenna Mass Assad, deg yiwen n usarag n tɣamsa i ssuddsen deg Umezgun Amnaḍan n Wehran (TRO) "Abdelkader Alloula" deg ukatar n wussan n tezrawin ɣef tṣekka n de Mouloud Mammeri i umi semman ‘’Taṣekka tamɛemrant, allus n tirzi seg tsekta n tẓuri tis 7’’, ara d-yilin seg 13 ɣer 14 mayu ideg nella deg wehran.
Tadyant-a, ara yekken kra ara yekk useggas n 2017, ters ddaw leɛnaya n uselway n Tegduda Abdelaziz Bouteflika.
I lmend n tegnit-a, Mass Assad izul tikkin n uɣlif n Yidles akked win n Usegmi aɣelnaw, akked lwali n 13 n twilayin ideg la d-ḍerrunt tmekanin-a yemgarden yeqqnen ɣer tedyant-a.
Amaray Amatu n Usqamu unnig n Timmuzɣa, yemmesla-d ɣef udeg n Internet i gan Mouloud Mammeri, s kraḍ (03) tutlayin, yerna yenna-d dakken adeg-a ad yawi talɣa n tewwurt taliktrunant sya ɣer taggara n useggas 2017.


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- Essalam ɛlikoum, khouna Adem Yahiaou ! Teqder tɛarrafna b’rouḥek? (win zedt, ama ɛam, el michwar taɛek ?
- Salam ! fi ɛamri 29 sna kbert Ya mḥaynek, zayed fi Alger w mrabbi f l’Algérie djewwazt 6 snin men ḥyati yaɛni moment important taɛ ḥyati win en-nass tabni biha chakhssiya dyalha djaweztha fi djanet (94-2000) qrit management des entreprises maɛalaqach gaɛ mɛa el Fen w khdemt f’had ed-domaine.
- Teqder tɛarrefna bel fen taɛek ? weqtech bdit tekhdem ɛla tsawer sosyal (idjtimaɛiyya) ?
- Ya kho ana men bekri nhab nssawer bessah makountch naɛref donc netkompliksa. Roḥ ya zman tlaqit mɛa ɛibad li qadrou ywerrouli mes capacités, actuellement ndir tssawer de la vie quotidienne (el ḥayat taɛ koull youm) bessaḥ ma nchoufhach yawmiyya nchoufha ḥayat nihaiyya. Ya kho kayen bezzaf nass ma traddch balha ɛla wladha wech balek nta fi une scène du quotidien. Nekdeb ɛlik loukan nqoullek waqtach bdit la photo sociale ɛla khaterchhouwa créneau li taḥt fih bla ma faqt ki bdit la foto ɛandha 3 snin bdit nssawer ɛfayess chabbin bessah makanouch yaɛadjbouni kanou ydjouni bezzaf naqssin b’chwiyya hatta lqit rohi ndour mɛa wlad l’blad w netmaɛɛen mɛahoum w mɛa benyanhoum (leurs constructions)
- Aḥkilna chwiya ɛla l’ekspérions (tadjriba) taɛek f’les expositions (el mɛaridh) ? kifech djazet ? kifech ken el kontakt maâ en-ness el ḥadrin?
- Ya kho ma ekspozitch bezzaf fi hyati deja 3 ans photographie mazalni nzid netɛallem, par contre les moments win ekspozit kenou khelwi ɛlakhaterch qdert naḥki mɛa el nass ɛla tssawri w ki naḥki ya djeddek ma neskoutch haha.
- Wech ɛdjebna fel khedma taɛek houwa bli tekhdem bezzef ɛla tsawer fi ḥoumet chaɛbiyya w nḥassouk qrib mell inchighalat taɛ el mouwatinin, mell machakil elli yɛaniw menha, qrib tani men khawetna ezzawaliyya. Yaɛni kayen bouɛd nidhali fi tsawrek w fel khedma taɛ Nta tdir es-sosyal w hadi ḥadja hayla. Taḥkilna chwiyya ɛla ennadhra taɛek l’tasswir el mounadhil (la photographie militante) ? kifech yeqder ykoun had en-nidhal (militantisme) ? wechnou houwa rayek fel fen taɛ ettaswir el mounadhil, el youm fi bledna ?
- Pour la photographie militante ana ma ḥawwestch ɛliha lqit roḥi ndafeɛɛla qadhiyya bla ma nfiq w nqollek !? Tant mieux (mziyya !) parce que quand je capture l’instant où les gens remarquent une injustice, fi ɛini rani nɛawen w nbayyaɛ el ḥogra wel je m’enfoutisme taɛ zmar deja nqollek la photo militante machi ghir ɛla zawaliya w li chaɛ Non c’est aussi pour sensibiliser les gens(bech nwaɛɛi, taḥsis en-ness). Bech nass tfiq mɛa roḥha w teftan, techtar, takhdem, terfed rassha ou tchammar ɛla yeddiha.
- Khdemt men qbel mɛa souwwarin sosyal kima nta ?ida ih, aḥkilna ɛla tadjriba mɛahoum
- La photo militante fi bladna ya saḥbi rahi swa tbezniss swa engagement mɛa el fotograf bessaḥ ana li naɛrafhom f’had ed-domaine ɛlabali bli yḥabbou el bled w madabihoum el omor tetsseggem bessaḥ ma lazemch ntiḥou bark fel ghalta taɛ foto (tswira) bla mesaj (message) (machi la foto li ma fihach mesaj, yaw el fotograf li maɛandouch mesaj)
- Wechnou houma el machariɛ (les projets) tawɛek fel moustaqbel el qrib/el bɛîd ?
- Ya kho rani ntallaɛ une entreprise inchallah une agence d’art et de conseils (fiha business ou fiha sensibilisation w conseil aux artistes)
Khoya Walid merci pour ces questions w inchalah nroḥou l’la coupe du monde


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TADIWENNIT (SIWEL) – Belɛid Tamsawt d yiwen n yilemẓi, d anelmad deg tsedawit n sṭif, d amedyaz i d-yufraren deg tfaska n tedwilt tis 15 n udrar n fad deg ayt smaɛel s warraz amezwaru. D mmi-s n Tqerbust, agezdu n Tubiret, di tmurt n Yiqbayliyen. Yekki deg xilla n tfaskiwin n tmedyazt. Yuklal asebYes d usenmmer.
Siwel : Deg tazwara anwa i d-ilemẓi Belɛid Tamsawt ?
Belɛid Tamsawt : Nekk d yiwen n yilemẓi n 24 n yiseggasen. TtidireY deg Tqerbust, agezdu n Tubiret, di tmurt n Yiqbayliyen. Akka tura aqli-yi d anelmad n la géologie di tsedawit n Stif. KecmeY s annar n tmedyezt deg useggas n 2013. KkiY i tikelt tamenzut s wudem unṣib deg useggas n 2015, deg tfaska n udrar n fad, sakin kkiY di tfaskiwin-niḍen i d-yellan deg Imceddalen, Ferɛun, Aqbu, d Wat Wasif.
Amek i d-tufiḍ iman-ik d amedyaz ?
Akken iy-ak nniY yakan, aya yebda-d deg useggas n 2013, imi d aseggas anda zemreY ad iniY d aseggas amellal i d-sɛeddaY, acku yella wayen iyi di ḥebsen. Deg useggas-agi ur ruḥeY ara s aYerbaz, dYa rriY-tt i tYuri n yedlisen, yal ass yal iḍ, send taguni ilaq alma YriY a lukan kra n isebtar, akken ad ṭseY.
Akud-iw akk wwin-t yidlisen, akken almi d agur n meYres yiwen yid, dmegh imru nnigh as ahat assa d nek ad yarun, uriY snat n tseddarin, sakin uYaleY rniY-as armi mden-t d asefru. Iɛjeb-iyi waya qleY ttaruY yal tikelt.
Maca ma uYaleY Yer tallit-nni i deg i lliY deg uYerbaz alemmas, cfiY ḥemmleY nezzeh ayen yerzan Taqbaylit ama d timucuha, d temɛayin d yisefra. U yerna yemma deg uxxam seg mi iy-as d cfiY tettawi-d icewwiqen s taYect-is ḥlawan. Aya akk d ayen iyi d ijebden Yer tmedyezt.
Γaf wacu i tḥemmleḍ ad tsefruḍ ?
Ak iniY tidet, ttḥemmileY tamedyezt tuffirt, Yef waya ur ilaq ara ad meslayeY Yef wayen sefraweY, smenyifeY d win ad yeYren isefra-w, ara d yinin d acu iwala deg-sen.
Anwa-ten yimedyazen d yinaẓuren n Teqbaylit i Yer tmaleḍ ?
Ayen yerzan cna n Teqbaylit, zemreY ad bedreY Dda Sliman Ʃazem, Ferḥat ImaziYen Imula, Meɛtub Lwennas, Idir, Ayt Mengellet, Ideflawen, Ali Ʃemran, Ʃmiruc Amwanes, Zeddek Mulud, Meksa, d wiyaḍ. SelleY daYen i Muḥya, ama d isefra-s, neY d ticeqqufin i d-yerra Yer tagi-neY.
Tewwiḍ arraz amenzu deg tfaska n udrar n fad, terğiḍ anecta neY ?
Mi kkiY tikelt tamenzut di tfaska n tmedyezt, kkiY i wakken ad iyi sneqden wid i yizwaren s annar-a n tmedyezt. Imi umneY d akken win yebYan ad yaẓ Yer sdat, ilaq ad isel i usenqed n wiyaḍ, ilaq ad isel i yiwellihen-nsen. RuḥeY daYen akken ad mlileY wid ukkud iyi tezdi tmedyezt, wa d sleY i yisefra n Teqbaylit tamirant. Ma yella ass-a fernen-d isefra-w deg tfaska n udrar n fad, aya yessebgan-d dakken uẓaY Yer sdat, lemdeY-d seg tfaskiwin.
Amek i tḥulfaḍ s warraz-a amezwaru i tikelt tamezwarut ?
Ur friḥeY ara s warraz, akken i ferḥeY s tegnatin id-as d yezzin, acku tafaska tettili-d yal aseggas d tajmilt i Dda Lmulud At Mɛemmer i yefnan tudert-is Yef teqbaylit, akken tuYal daYen d tajmilt i Kamal Buɛemmara, i mazal ar ass-a ula d netta iqeddec Yef teqbaylit.
FerḥeY daYen imi taseqqamut n yinzurfa d iselmaden n tmaziYt di tesdawiyin, ugar n 4 iseggasen-a llan u bden Yef uqerru n tseqamut-a, ama d mass Bellac Takfarinas, mass Ʃeyyad Salim, d sin niḍen i yellan yakan d imedyazen i d-yufraren di teẓrigin yezrin n tfaska-agi, ass-a qlen d inzurfa d iselmaden ula d nutni wigi d massa Wataḥ Linda d mass Seɛdi Qasi.
Amek i tettwaliḍ aswir n tmedyazt Taqbaylit ?
Tamedyezt Taqbaylit tamirant tuẓa nezzeh Yer sdat, llan waṭas n imedyazen d tmedyazin i d-yefkan udem niḍen i tmedyezt taqbaylit, ama deg wayen yerzan isental ama d ayen yerzan talYiwin, ula d timenna fkan-as azal. Aya d cwiṭ seg waṭas, acku llan kra ahat ur iyi tettunefk ara tegnit ad teni d-mlileY neY ad sleY i tmedyezt-nsen, ger wid ur yettekin ara di tfaskiwin d wid yettidiren berra n tmurt.
I melmi ara nwali ammud-inek n yisefra deg tnedlisin ?
Ahat mači d lawan-is, acku ur uriY ara aṭas n yisefra, syin Yur-s aqli ar tura yella wayen ilaq ad tlemdeY Yef tmedyezt. Aql-iyi tedduY yiwet yiwet kan, alma i d-yewsa iman-is.
Ahat yella wayen Yef wacu tebYiḍ ad hedreḍ ur kid steqsaY fell-as ?
BYiY ad greY tiYri, i yimedyazen anda ma llan, ad tt-asen Yer tfaskiwin, akken win yesɛan tamusni ad tid-imud i gma-s. Ad snemreY wid akk iyi sbeYasen yal tikelt, ama d tawacult-iw, imdukal-iw, imedyazen d wid sneY anda ma llan, d kra n win yedmen taɛkemt n umennuY d useḥbiber Yef yidles-neY.
Awal n tagara s wayes ara nessali tadiwennit-a …
RiY ad kes-nemreY Yef tdiwennit-a, syin Yur-s ssarameY ad iliY ger wid ad yekkin Yas ulamma s wayen fessusen deg ugemmu n tmedyezt taqbaylit.
Yesteqsat Akli Muhubi
SIWEL 101202 Apr 17


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Iḍ n umezwaru n Nwembeṛ
Tafukt yessuffYen ḍḍlam n yiḍ-nni ay deg tella Fṛansa deg tmurt-nneY Yer-s tura
53 n yiseggasen ay-a seg wasmi ay d-tenqer. Wid ay d-yeswejden i yimenYi akk-n ad yekker u ad ssuffYen Fṛansa,
qedcen s tuffra akk-n ad d-heyyin leqdic d ameqran yerna msefhamen Yef yiḍ n Umezwaru n Nwembeṛ [1954] akk-n
ad yebdu yimenYi. Wid ay tt-id-yessekren d kra seg warraw Ylayen akk ay tesea tmurt-a, yerna ggullen ar ad nnaYen alama d asmi ara tawey Ldzayer tilelli-ines ed uzarug-ines (indépendance) u ad
teqqel d ljens am lejnas akk n ddunit. Tamurt n Leqbayel llan qqaren-asen naqal, deg tezwara n Tegrawla (révolution) ”asun
[zone] n Tmurt n Leqbayel” sakk-in qqlen YYaren-as Tawilayt Tis III. Deg tama-a, dindin tuY tmes n yimenYi
yerna yekker ṭṭrad d ameqran. Yagi, seg 1947 ay ulin medden s adrar deg tama-a, u bdan la d-ssewjaden i ṭṭrad
n uzarug, maca asmi ay d-teṭṭreḍeq Tegrawla n tidet, dindin kecmen Yer trebbae ay tt-id-yessekren
akk-n ad ttekkin deg-s.
Akk-n kan d-tekker Tegrawla (Révolution) bdan la d-ttbanen yismawen n kra seg yimeqranen-ines am Krim Belkacem ed Ouamrane.
Ali Zamoum, ad t-yeṛḥem Ṛebbi, yella d agenses (lieutenant) n Krim Belkacem, yerna yeḥka-d Yef
wasmi ay mlalen yimeYnasen (militants) ed yiwen n uneYmas (amesjeṛnan) adzayri deg taddart-nsen, deg YiYil
Yimula [Tizi Wezzu] akk-n ad d-arun s tuffra taseYrut (proclamation) n Nwembeṛ.
TaseYrut-nni (proclamation) uran-tt-id s yiwet n troneot, yerna tamacint-a mazal-itt ar ass-a deg taddart n YiYil
Yimula. Win ara yerzun Yef usalay (musée) n taddart-a, yezmer ad tt-iẓer. Asalay-a yezga-d deg wexxam-nni ay deg
llan ffren yemjuhad deg yiḍ-nni n Umezwaru n Nwembeṛ. Deg yiḍ-nni, imjuhad yegget-d fell-asen ccYel.
Gan tummYiwin (attaques) deg yal amkan i wakk-n ad as-d-sseknen i Fṛansa ed ddunit belli lawan ay deg ara d-taki
Ldzayer yuweḍ-d.
Deg Tmurt n Leqbayel, imjuhad gan aṭas n lecYal : sserYen lemxazen n yiferki, mmYen Yef tneggiwin
(agences) n Société indigène de prévoyance, sserYen yiwen n umesni (car) n yiwen n udzayri yerna ukren-as memmi-s. LecYal-a
akk ssersen-ten-id deg yeYmisen (ijeṛnanen) ifṛensisen n uzekka-nni : L’Echo
d’Alger n De Sérigny, Le Journal d’Alger; d aYmis iqerben
Yer yilellamen (libéraux) n Jacques Chevalier, ed La Dépêche n Schiaffino ssawlen-d akk, i tikkelt tamezwarut Yef lecYal-a n ccwal deg
Ldzayer. Imir-nni, wid Ifṛensisen yeṭṭfen Ldzayer tebda la ten-tkeccem tugdi. Ldzayer tekker, tebded Yef
yiḍarren-ines yerna tebda tikli, tuY abrid n tissas.
Iḍ n ussehres* yuweḍ-d Yer tgara-ines
*colonisation
Medden bdan, cwiṭ, cwiṭ, la ttnamen imenYi i lmend n weslelli (libération) n tmurt. Deg tuddar n yidurar,
imjuhad imezwura bdan cwiṭ, cwiṭ, la ttqerriben Yer weYref (cceeb) u seeeun id-s anermis
(contact). Ma d imsulta (ibulisen) ed yimestulen (ijadeṛmiyen) ḥaren amek ara gen. Fṛansa dindin txemmem
belli d imeYnasen n Ukabar n WeYref Adzayri (PPA – Parti du Peuple Algérien) yeqqnen Yer Umussu n Trennawt
n Tlellyin Timagdayin (MTLD – Mouvement du triomphe des libertés démocratiques) ay d-yessekren lecYal-nni n ccwal.
D acu kan, qqlen ẓran belli tarbaet-a ur tettekka deg wacemma. Ma d imjuhad ay d-yessekren Tagrawla, seg tama-nsen,
sfehmen-asen i medden iswi n yimenYi-a.
Alama ay ieedda kra n lweqt ay yeqqel yisem n Tirni n Weslelli AYelnaw (FLN – Front de Libération Nationale)
yettwassen Yer medden, yerna imir-nni qqlen la ttgen amgerrad (lxilaf) gar terbaet-a ed tin n MTLD n Messali. Deg
Tmurt n Leqbayel, ur eeṭṭlen ara bdan-d yimenYiyen imeqranen gar wid yeddan ed Messali (u gan-d tarbaet
n MNA) ed yemjuhad n Yigen n Weslelli AYelnaw (iYallen imsellḥen n FLN). Yiwen seg yimenYiyen imeqranen
akk ay d-yellan gar yimessaliyen ed yemjuhad n FLN d win yeḍran deg yidurar n Jeṛjeṛ.
D acu kan, d FLN ay yessawḍen ad yernu imessaliyen, yerna ay-a yejja tarbaet-a ad tkemmel ad d-tessakay
medden ula deg lYerba, yerna tebda la tettṣ̣eggim iYallen-ines deg tuddar n tmurt akk-n ad ttekkin akk-n
iwata deg Tegrawla. Tirni n Weslelli AYelnaw (FLN) tebda la tettajhad, yerna Igen n Weslelli AYelnaw (ALN –
Armée de Libération Nationale) yebda la iseeeu ttawil yelhan ay yes ara ikemmel imenYi. Deg tlemmast n 1955,
FLN tessaweḍ ad d-yawey Tamurt n Leqbayel s lekmal-is Yer yidis-is. Ma d Fṛansa, seg tama-ines, nnig n yimestulen
(ijadeṛmiyen) ed yemsulta (ibulisen) ay tesea deg Tmurt n Leqbayel, teqqim la trennu tettazen iserdasen-ines Yer
tama-a yerna tuzen daYen imeiwnen n yiYallen n laman, wid umi qqaren GMPR (Groupes mobiles de police rurale
– Tirebbae tizirazin n temsulta n ugama).
ImenYi la yettimYur yerna imjuhad yellan la sseqdacen titekniyin n temgarut (techniques de guérilla) bdan
la zemmren i yiman-nsen deg wenrar, yerna la ttgen ikminen (embuscades) ay as-ttYimin i weedaw yerna neYYen-as
aṭas n yiserdasen. S tebYest (lkuṛaj) n yergazen-nni ay eewwlen ad nnaYen war (bla) tugdi, iḍ-nni
aberkan n tallit n ussehres (colonisation) yuweḍ-d Yer tgara-ines, yerna yebda wass la d-yettaley Yef Ldzayer.
Tadbelt (administration) n Fṛansa tebda la tt-yettagad ljehd n lebYi n yergazen-nni ed ueewwel ay eewwlen
akk-n ad as-d-rren tilelli-ines i weYref-nsen (cceeb) Yas ma fkan tudert-nsen d asfel i lmend n way-a. Tirebbae
n Yigen n Weslelli AYelnaw (ALN) bdant la ttgent lecYal iweeṛen ugar yerna war (bla) tugdi, ma d medden
bdan la ttgen ugar n laman deg yemjuhad. Deg tuddar, nnulfant-d trebbae yetteawanen imenYi imselleḥ.
Wid yettekkan deg trebbae-a YYaren-asen imsebblen, yerna qqlen d
nitni ay d llsas n tudert n yiYallen n Yigen n Weslelli AYelnaw.
Imir-n, ifuk yiwen n tallit u tebda-d tallit niḍen. Ta, d tallit ay deg asrew (indigène) yeddem tudert-ines gar
yifassen-is. Lqayed, lamin ed ubacaYa tettwakkes-asen ddula, bdan la teqqlen d ay-n ieeddan. Maca, seg tama niḍen,
Fṛansa la trennu tettcax deg wemḥaq ara tmeḥḥeq wid ay d-yekkren Yer-s ad tt-ssuffYen. IYallen
ifṛensisen llan ttaṭṭafen Idzayriyen yerna tikkwal ttawyen-ten Yer yegriren (camps) ay deg ten-tteettiben,
yerna aṭas seg wid ay ten-ikecmen, mmuten. Ma deg tuddar, ay deg llant trebbae n yemsebblen, tebda daYen la
tettbeddil tegnit.
Medden qqlen ur ttemcaṛaeen ara deg wexxam n ccṛee afṛensis, wanag qqlen ferrun uguren-nsen
deg taddart. Talalit n yigerdan, leequd n jjwaj ed wid n lmut qqlen la ten-id-ttgen Yer yifesyanen (officiers) n
Yigen n Weslelli AYelnaw (ALN) ay d-yelhan ed leḥbas (habous), yerna qqlen medden ur la ttxelliṣ̣en
ara tiwsi (impôt). Asmi ay teqfel Tegrawla aseggas seg wasmi ay d-tekker, tasertit (politique) n tmurt akk tbeddel. Idzayriyen
bdan la ttaeraḍen cwiṭ, cwiṭ, lbenna n tlelli.
Ayt tuddar ay ibedden akk Yer tama n FLN ed ALN qqlen d imdanen niḍen. Imsebblen kemmlen la sfatayen (saboter)
ttawilat ay zemren ad ten-sqedcen yeedawen-nsen deg ad rebḥen imenYi. S way-a, qrib yal ass, iberdan yettajjan
iYallen n yeedawen ad eeddin seg wemkan Yer wayeḍ qqlen la ttwagzamen, yerna qqlen yemjuhad la gezzmen
daYen tinelwa (lexyuḍ) n tilifun ed trisiti ay llan sseqdacen-ten ladYa Ifṛensisen yeddren deg Ldzayer.
Ifṛensisen n Ldzayer ssnen, i tikkelt tamezwarut, d acu-t ccwal ed tugdi, d acu-ten wurfan n ”wayt ubeṛnus”.
AYref (cceeb) yeqqel d netta ay d-yelhan ed yiman-is, s ttawil yellan gar yifassen-is, akk-n ad yeslelli (libérer)
tamurt-ines ! Ifṛensisen eerḍen ad sseddun takti (lfekra) belli wid ay d-yessekren ccwal deg Ldzayer d ibeṛṛaniyen,
yerna bdan la ferrqen lekwaYeḍ u la ttarun deg yiYerban ay-a deg wakk timiwa n tmurt akk-n ad sqeneen
medden s tmuYli-nni, yerna Ifṛensisen llan la d-qqaren belli ”tagrawla-a (révolution) d Lqahira ara yettḍebbiren
deg-s”. Ifṛensisen, ladYa wid n Ldzayer, llan keṛhen Idzayriyen akṛah ameqran, yerna deg lqella-nsen
n tmussni tejja-ten ad xemmen belli ”iserwen (indigènes) ur uwiḍen ara ad ilin d imdanen, yerna ur zmiren ara
ad ssuddsen (organiser) iman-nsen akk-n ad gen tagrawla”.
François Mitterand yellan d aneYlaf (lewzir) n tYawsiwin n daxel, yerza-d deg tallit-nni Yef Ldzayer,
yerna deg tirzi-ines yenna-d belli netta ed unabaḍ-ines (lḥukuma) eewwlen akk-n ur ttarran ara akk aḍar
Yer deffir sdat Yidzayriyen. Mitterant yenna-d belli ”Ldzayer d Fṛansa !”. Maca simal imenYi n
Fṛansa mgal (contre) Idzayriyen irennu, simal Idzayriyen la rennun ssuddusen (organiser) iman-nsen akk-n ad kemmlen
tagrawla (révolution). IYallen n Yigen n Weslelli AYelnaw (ALN) qqlen ttqadaren aneḍfar (discipline) ugar
yerna qqlen ssnen ad nnaYen xir. Tiytiwin ijehden ay yettafk Yigen n Weslelli AYelnaw i Fṛansa qqlen ”ttawyen-d
lfayada” ugar.
TiYri n weYref*
*cceeb
Tagrawla n Nwembeṛ tella tettkemmil abrid-ines, yerna imḍebbren-ines ttekkan deg temlilit n Bandung (deg
Indunisya) u sseknen-d i lejnas belli Tirni n Weslelli AYelnaw (FLN) d amussu (mouvement) ay d-yettusbedden i lmend n
weslelli (libération) n tmurt. Assiweḍ ay tessaweḍ Tirni n Weslelli AYelnaw akk-n ad d-ssuffeY tamsalt
n Ldzayer Yer ddunit d ay-n ay as-yeseerqen lecYal i Christian Pineau, agensas (représentant) n Fṛansa
deg Tuddsa n YeYlanen Yeddukklen (ONU). AYref-nni (cceeb) yettwaḍelmen ugar n lqern iger-d tiYri-ines
yerna slan-as-d akk lejnas !
Sdaxel n tmurt, Fṛansa tessejhed amḥaq n weYref (cceeb), d acu kan, amḥaq-nni ur as-yerẓi
ifadden i Tegrawla (Révolution), wanag d aeiwen ay tt-ieawen. AYref yeqqel d llsas n Yigen n Weslelli AYelnaw
(ALN) ed Tirni n Weslelli AYelnaw (FLN, yerna d netta ay t-yetteawanen. Deg tuddar, medden qrib la ttnaYen
akk-n ad ttekkin deg yiYallen n yemsebblen, yerna attekki deg Yigen n Weslelli AYelnaw (ALN) d iseY ameqran.
Ma Fṛansa tkemmel la tneffu ugar n medden seg tmurt-nsen u la tettaṭṭaf wiyaḍ u tettarra-ten
deg way-n umi semman igriren n ussezdeY (camps d’hébergement) ay deg la yetteeddi fell-asen lbaṭel d
aberkan. Tagrawla-nni (Révolution) tejja Idzayriyen ad ḥulfun i yiman-nsen llan u ad ssnen tudert n yemdanen ilelliyen,
dYa d ay-a ay ten-yejjan ad eewwlen ad kemmlen imenYi yerna ur ttarran ara akk aḍar Yer deffur,
Yas ma xeṣ̣ren tudert-nsen Yef way-a.
Fṛansa, akk-n ad tessens times, tesnulfa-d SAS. Ti, d ajiniṛal Parlange ay tent-id-yesnulfan yerna yella
yettxemmim belli Idzayriyen kkren-d s imenYi imi kan ay ḥulfan i yiman-nsen ttwaḥeqren deg leḥkem-nni
n zik n lqeyyad ed yibacaYaten. Imir-nni, ihi, Fṛansa teqbel ad yettekkay Udzayri deg tefranin (lbuṭ) u ad
yeqqel yiwen wemdan d yiwet n taYect. D acu kan, ifut lḥal, aYref (cceeb) yeqqel yesea iswi (but)
niḍen : tamurt yessefk ad teqqel d timziregt (indépendante).
Deg tuddar ibeeden, anda iYallen n Yigen n Weslelli AYelnaw (ALN) llan d nitni ay iḥekmen u gan
ddula-nsen dinna, medden ssulin takbabt (taeellamt) niḍen, d tin n Ldzayer. Initen-nni (llwan) icebḥen n
tekbabt-nni qqimen ffren acḥal n yiseggasen, maca qqlent ffYent-d. Deg yiseggasen-nni imezwura n Tegrawla (Révolution),
Tirni n Weslelli AYelnaw (FLN) tga aṭas n lecYal i medden, teldi iYerbazen (llakulat), tdiwa imuḍinen
yerna telha-d ed usseddi n tudert n tmetti (société). Sakk-in, deg wass n 5 Yulyu 1962, temlal yiwet n terbaet n yifesyanen
(officiers) ielayanen ALN ed yikataren (cadres) n FLN deg Sidi Frej, u yella gar-asen weknaner (colonel) Mohand U Lḥaj,
u ssulin takbabt n Ldzayer. Ass-nni, wid d-yekkren ssawḍen Yer lebYi-nsen, tamurt n Ldzayer teawed tlul-d
s wudem unṣ̣ib (officiel) !
Seg L’Expression, 1 Nwembeṛ 2007
SYur A. Saïd.
Tasuqilt sYur Omar Mouffok


text:
05 tuber 1988, Lzzayer tamanaɣt terkeb-itt tawla. Am arrezg-is tṣaḥ-itt-id tegrawla! Lḥaṣul ula d iberdan-is wehmen seg wannect-nni n yimdanen i d-yemmaren, i teddun fell-as; d ilulufen! D tagrawla d wawal!
ṣṣeɛṣeɛ tugdut di tmurt, FLN ( Tawenza n Lḥif d Nger) yerfed tadist, irgazen-is mačči yiwen; wa d amaṣri, wa d arumi, wayeḍ d asaɛudi,… Ay acḥal d akabar i d-yurew!
05 Tuber 1988, Tesmaɣli-d tugdut i tmurt, ay d-ḥewwa d lbaṭel. Agdud ass-nni inuda ad yekkes tundar i yimawen, yerna lqid i wayen it-yurzen. Tanekra i yerran d tagrawla ɣef wiyaḍ d amdarkel kan, tagrawla, a wid ur nessin, werǧin ad tarew at iččumar. Tanekra, a wid yeṭṭsen, d tufɣa seg yir targit.
Mačči d laẓ i d-yeslalayen tigrawliwin. Tagrawla teḥwaǧ at wallaɣ yettmuqulen ɣer sdat, iceffun ɣef yiḍelli. At wallaɣ yettnadin tidett d lḥeq ad ten-id-skeflen. At wallaɣ yettruẓun isula, yessnen azal n yimdanen. Tagrawla mačči n wat yiɣil d wat iɛebbaḍ, tagrawla n at wallaɣ d wat yiseɣ.
Ur telli, ur d-tettili tegrawla ɣer waɛraben. Ara yilin d lbaṭel inefḍen wayeḍ, d ddel yecqirriwen wayeḍ.
Ur telli ur tettili tegrawla n izzayriyen, skud mazal teqnen allen-nsen ɣef yidamen yemmaren, skud ckentḍen di tineslemt d wayen akk id d-icudden ɣer-s.
Tanekra n tuber 88 turew-d ikabaren n ddel d lbatel, turew-d iseggasen iberkanen. I yettuɣaḍen ala wid yemmuten am di yal tikelt, ttuɣaḍen wid yemmuten di trad 54, ttuɣaḍen wid yemmezlen s ujenwi n tineslemt di 90… d wid nɣan di 2001…
ɣas kečč fell-as tettnadiḍ
Awin ur nessin d acu-tt tlelli,
Ttxil-k mmel-iyi amek ara tt-tɛeqleḍ
i deg ara d teḥlelli ?
Yal tamurt s tegrawla-s, yal tagrawla s tmurt-is.
Irnaten Murad


text:
Aytma d istma, azul
Righ ad sawelgh gh teghmert ad f yan umukris iZlin s tukkrDa n w-ayda n imazighen negh-d (les monuments amazighs), zund tiggura tiqburin n Souss etc...
(les monuments) ad art-en nettafa gh (les sites de vente) zund ebay d wiyad.
Mac, ayelli-en ufigh iDgam gh yan zegh les sites ad ifel iyi rzemgh ka imi, acku ma y an ufigh ad as semgh "tukkrda izzayen".
Anni y at tawlaft, tzerm ma-d yura bab n l'annonce:
"colone en pierre berbere sud maroc 3 elements hauteur165 diametre 21 faire offre serieuse contact par mail" 26400 Aouste-sur-Sye
Righ ad ka ssengh mamenk ad isker umaker ad a lligh itthi izran ad zegh Tmazirt s Fransa? Is ur tella ddiwana negh-d iqariden ad immussen?
Ittakar w-akal negh, ittakar w-awal negh, aqq ittakar w-ayda negh...


text:
Tessewhem‑iyi leḥnana akked d tayri kesben leqbayel mgal inebgawen‑nsen. Lamaɛni wwiɣ diɣ asḥissef imi tameṭṭut taqbaylit iban‑iyi‑d zun tettweɛzel di tmetti, u nekkni neẓra belli mebɣir tameṭut kra n wayen yelhan ur d‑yettnulfu !
chapeau:
tagi d tadiwennit i s‑nexdem i Nicolle Barriere. Nettat d yiwet n tmedyazt tafransist i d‑yerzan ɣer tmurt n yeqbayliyen ussan‑agi iɛeddan, d tinebgiwt di tejmilt yuɣalen i umedyaz aqbayli ameqqran Ssi Muḥend
Nicolle Barriere tamedyazt n tayri
Tessewhem‑iyi leḥnana akked d tayri kesben leqbayel mgal inebgawen‑nsen. Lamaɛni wwiɣ diɣ asḥissef imi tameṭṭut taqbaylit iban‑iyi‑d zun tettweɛzel di tmetti, u nekkni neẓra belli mebɣir tameṭut kra n wayen yelhan ur d‑yettnulfu !


text:
Xalil Ǧebran
Ǧebran Xalil Ǧebran (s taɛrabt : جبران خليل جبران) d amyaru alubnani, yella d amedyaz, d ameklaw ; ilul ass n 06 deg yennayer 1883 di Bacari (Lubnan), yemmut ass n 10 deg yebrir 1931 di New York ; yura s taɛrabt d tneglizit maca yettwassen ugar s udlis-is Nnbi i yura s tneglizit deg useggas 1923.
Xalil Ǧebran yella d amasiḥi, iɛac acemma deg Tuṛuft, maca tuget n tudert-is tɛedda di Marikan. Ma deg tira ayen iss i d-yufrar d tiktiwin-is yettnadin dima ɣef tlelli d umaynut akked tuffɣa si “leqwanen ireṣṣan”, seg wayen icudden ɣer ddin d kra n wansayen iqbuṛen i yessenqed deg idrisen-is ; yuɣ lḥal d ayen i yeǧǧan adabu aɛetmani deg lawan-nni ad s-yesserɣ adlis-is Tirwiḥin timɛaṣiyin, di Beyrut, gar medden, akken ara yexḍu i ubrid i d-yewwi, maca netta ikemmel kan armi d-yeǧǧa lexyar deg tsekla tamaḍlant.
« M'ara yettaru Xalil Ǧebran, tikwal ad s-t-iniḍ ireggel ɣef tilawt neɣ ur d-yecliɛ ara di tmeẓla (logique), amedya deg yixef anda i d-yettmeslay ɣef « yiman-is yebḍan ɣef sebɛa » neɣ sebɛa tneffutin-is (my seven shelves)... netta, nemgal, abrid-ayi anigilew (surrél) i d-yewwi, d win i d allal iss i yeqqaz deg tikta-s, ɣas akken taɣara-s temgarad acemma ɣef tid ssmersen yemyura nniḍen n tallit-is i yeddan d waḍu-nni aseklan amaynu di tazwara n lqern-a i ɣ-yeǧǧan.»[1]
Ayen yura[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
S taɛrabt
- 1905- Awal ɣef tẓuri n uẓawan,
- 1904- Tirwiḥin timɛaṣiyin, tullisin
- 1906- Tislatin iɣeẓran, iḍriesen
- 1912- Afriwen yettmerẓan, ungal
- 1914- Seg imeṭṭi ɣer ucmumeḥ, iḍrisen
- 1919- Tiseglay
- Ammud meqqren tmedyazt
S tneglizit
- 1918- Ameslub, iḍrisen (yella s teqbaylit, sql sɣur Samir Tighzert)
- 1920- Win tt-id-yebdan
- 1923- Nnbi, iḍrisen (yella s teqbaylit, sql sɣur Hocine Louni)
- 1926- Ijdi d urebrub
- 1927- Tagelda n usugen
- 1928- Yasuɛ, mmi-s n wemdan.
- 1931- Rebbi n wakal
Tizmilin :
- ↑ Si tezwert n tsuqilt n Umeslub (the madman), sɣur samir Tighzert.


text:
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text:
{{Tinebdar ( Bgayet )}}
Ass-a n larebɛa 23 deg wayyur n ṭuber aselway n tɣiwant n Tnebdar di twilayt n Bgayet, yeǧǧa amḍiq-is netta akked 7 ilelliyen ǧǧan imeḍqan-nnsen.
Aselway-ayi akked yemdukal-is sekna-d lɣid-nnsen mgal tamḥuqranit i d-yettilin ɣef tɣiwant-ayi sɣur imḍebren ɛlayen.
Deg ussan yezrin , limir n tɣwant-ayi, Brahim Bennaǧi yemccawar akked imezdaɣ n tiwant-a akked tdikliwin yemgaraden, di tagara msafhamen d akken ad reglen abrid aɣelnaw wis 26 ad rnun ad gen yiwen unejmuɛ zdat n lemqer n lwilaya ass-a n larebɛa.
C.W.


text:
Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
Gurbanguly Mälikgulyýewiç Berdimuhamedow[1] (s trusit : ГypбaHryлы MялиkryлыeBич БepдыMyxaMeдoB, yettwaru aka Gourbangouly Mialikgoulyïevitch Berdymoukhamedov, d talɣa timeẓwit. Ilul ass n 29 yunyu 1957) d aselway n Turkministan. Yeṭṭfed afrisem n Arkadag (amɛellem amastan) dɣa yebna aɛbad ines n tugna[2].
- ↑ Yettwaru s sin m am s taturkminit (Berdimuhammedow) am s trusit (БepдыMyxaMMeдoB) alama d (zeṛ ɣef udeg web n Radio Free Europe [1]), isem n twacult-is yettwaru seg uzmez agi s yiwen m kan deg iḍrisen unṣben dɣa deg iɣmisen.
- ↑ Courrier international, no 1168 n 21 ar 27 meɣres 2013, a. 44


text:
Walaɣ-tt di tazwara si Cancale teɣremt-agi n tewkilin ittwaẓẓun deg yillel. Ur tt-fṛizeɣ ara mliḥ imi tbedd deg yigenni tagut taɣiɣdant i yas-irran tili.
Walaɣ-tt daɣen si tama n Avranches deg yimir n uɣelluy n yiṭij. Ṛṛmel awesɛan ifesren s teɣzi n tmuɣli, illa d azeggaɣ; igli, d azeggaɣ ; abuɣaz aṭagan, akk d azeggaɣ; timɛemmeṛt taḥecraruft, iman-is, temɣi-d dihinna, tebɛed ɣef lberr am txelwit tasugnant, tessewham am ṣṣraya n tirga, d tadrugant, d tabaḥant, meḥsub ɣumment-tt tillas di leḥmuregga n wass iruḥen ad tefnu.
Ruḥeɣ ɣer-s azekka-nni tafrara, leḥḥuɣ ɣef yijdi, cexceɣ seg-s; reṣṣant wallen-iw deg usɣun-a ameqran am udrar, imlekken am rrxem, afrawan am lfina. Akken ttaẓeɣ ɣer-s, tettent-i tsewham ugar, acku ulac nnig-s ahat deg umaḍal ayen immden issedhacen.
Ttcaliɣ daxel-is, wehmeɣ seg wayen ttwaliɣ amzun skefleɣ-d axxam n yiwen uṛebbit mi akken zerriɣ ɣef tzeɣwa-s i bubben yiɛrusen ifsasanen d yiẓayanen, mi akken zerriɣ deg yigniren-is ittfeǧǧiǧen d tafat n wass, reffdeɣ allen-iw idehcen ɣer ṣṣwameɛ-a icban iẓeḍyen iruḥen di tegnawt, ladɣa amyekcem-a amkerriw n tsegdalin, n tregragin, n udlag asdidan amesrar, n tballiwin n uẓru akked d usreqqet ucbiḥ n gṛanit; ayagi akk d tawuri tasegdant tameqraḥant i tessali tẓuri taɛewwajt s lmul d wul.
Mi akken zzreɣ di ttewḥid, iɛna-yi-d yiwen ufellaḥ anuṛmundi, yules-iyi-d tadyant n umennuɣ ameqran iḍran gar Saint Michel akked Cciṭan.
Inna yiwen uɛewwaj ijehlen : ‘‘Ṛebbi, ixleq-d amdan ɣef ṣṣura-s; lameɛna amdan, irra-yas-tt akken ilaq.’’
Awal-a, ɣer-s yiwet tidet tamaɣlalt; isḍuli ad d-nesnulfu di yal amenẓaw ama d tanfust n yillu adigan, ama d tin n lawliyya iɛerḍiyen n yal tamnaḍt. Azenǧi, isɛa ṣṣnem aweḥci ameččay n yimdanen ; tasreḍt n Muḥemmed, tessureg asiknew n tlawin akked taččert n lǧennet d tiḥuṛṛtin; Iɣriqiyen, — aɣref axeddam — qeddsen akk afrayen i tegber tnefsit.
Yal taddart n Fransa tella ddaw leɛnaya n lwali ines amḥaddi ittbeddilen ilmend n yimezdaɣ.
Wamma Saint Michel iɛussen ɣef Nuṛmundi-n-Wadda, Saint Michel aneglus, udem n sseɛḍ d rrbeḥ, ssif n lqedra, assaḍ n yigenni; d netta i yugaren iqehṛen Cciṭan.
Meɛna, Anuṛmundi bu tḥeṛciwin d tmezrigin, bab n nnxayel akked cctat, a-t-ah wakken ifhem d wamek d-ittales amenɣi n lwali ameqran akked Cciṭan:
‘‘Akken ad isellek si tballaɣin n Cciṭan, ibna unarag-is Sain Michel di tlemmast n ugaraw tanezduɣt-a i yuklal ugeldun n lmalayek; d tidet, anagar agurram am netta i izemren ad d-isnulfu i yiman-is tanezduɣ i tt-icban.
Meɛna, mi akken mazal ittkukru tixettalin n umcum, izzi i wayla-s s ṛṛmel imleɣleɣ udɣil ugar n yill.
Cciṭan, izdeɣ aɛecciw menwala di ceṭṭ ; maca ikseb ilmaten igleglen d aman imerɣanen, leqwaɛi ittṣaben ideg d-tmeɣɣi lɣella iblulsen, timizar tinesbaɣurin d yiɛerquben ittarrwen bla ceḥḥa; deg yimir igelled lwali ala ɣef yijdi. S wakka, Cciṭan d amerkanti; ma d Saint Michel, d aẓawali am umneṭri.
Seld kra yiseggasen n lḥif d tgullelt, irfa si tɣawsiwin-a, imxemmam ad imtawa akked Cciṭan, maca taluft mačči d tin fessusen imi aɛefrit-a d win ijgugulen di lexwayer-is.
Imxemman s teɣzi n setta wagguren ; sakkin, yiwet tsebḥit, irza ɣer lberr. Illa Yiblis itečč aḥlul sdat tewwurt-is, mi iwala imqeddes, izreb ɣer-s ad t-immager, imir-imir issuden adda n lekmam-is, iɛreḍ-it ad ikcem, rnu ifka-yas ayen ara t-id-isṭurrcen.
Segmi iswa Saint Michel akus n uyefki, irfed awal :
— Usiɣ-d akken ad ak-ssumreɣ yiwet temsalt inefɛen.
Cciṭan, d bu niyya kan wer nesɛi tiḥerci, irra-yas :
— Iwulem-iyi.
— A-t-ah ; ad i-teǧǧeḍ akk tamurt-ik.
Iḥcer Yiblis, ibɣa ad d-immeslay :
— Maca…
Ikemmel din-din Saint Michel :
— Esl-d qbel ! ad i-teǧǧeḍ akk tamurt-ik; ad ledhuɣ d uḥraz, d uxeddim, d tkerza, d uzraɛ, d uɣebbwer akked kra illan, sakkin ad nebḍu lɣella mzeggen. Neɣ d acu tenniḍ ?
Cciṭan, di ssber ines d alexxax, iqbel; acu kan issuter ad as-d-irnu kra yiselman bninen i d-igemmer di tamiwin i d-izzin i Yiɣil aywenni. Saint Michel iṛeggem-as s yiselman.
Mxemmasen, ssusfen d idis akken ad d-seknen belli mtawan msefhamen, ikemmel yimqeddes inna:
— Esl-d! ur bɣiɣ ara ad teččḥeḍ fell-i neɣ ad i-tezzmeḍ. Fren ayen i tesmenyafeḍ: lɣella ara yilin nnig tmurt neɣ tin ara d-yagaren ddaw tmurt ?
— Ad ddmeɣ tin ara yilin nnig tmurt.
— Nemsefham. (i yas-inna Yimqeddes)
Sakkin iruḥ.
Zrin setta wagguren, ur illi deg ugni awesɛan n Cciṭan ala tixizzutin, tileftin, tibeṣlin, aṣalsifis akked yimɣan uɣur aẓar afwayan ilhan abninan, ma d ifer-nsen ur iṣliḥ anagar i uɛlaf n yiɣersiwen.
Cciṭan, ur t-id-iṣaḥ yiqiḥ, ibɣa ad ifsex amtawa, iḥseb Saint Michel d ‘‘bu tmenqas’’.
Maca Imqeddes yufa-yas lbenna i tfellaḥt ; izzi ɣer Yiblis inna-yas :
— Ḍemneɣ-k ma xemmeɣ i wacemma, ayagi yusa-d kan akka bla ttɛamud;ur telli d tuccḍa-w. Rnu, akken ad ak-d-ɣermeɣ, ad ak-ssumreɣ ad teddmeḍ aseggas-a ayen akk illan ddaw wakal.
— Qebleɣ ayagi. (i inna Cciṭan)
Di tefsut i d-iḍefren, tajumma n yigwnan akk n Ṛṛuḥ imceṛṛi, dlen-tt yirden iččuren, taẓekkunt tafwayant annect n tnaqusin, lkettan, lkuẓa ameqran, iffis azeggaɣ, tajilbant, lekremb, tifeɣwa d wayen ifessun s umata i yiṭij d imenda neɣ d iguma.
Cciṭan iwumi ur d-iṣaḥ wacemma tikkelt tis-snat, irfa ayen din!
Ijmeɛ ilmaten-is d yifelḥan-is, rnu isɛuẓẓeg s umata ɣef yisumren imaynuten n unarag-is.
Immed useggas. Ibedd Saint Michel s ufella n teɣremt-is, iskad tamurt tawesɛant taṣabant, ittwali Cciṭan mi ittwellih lxedma, isserwat, ilewwi, issexzan lɣellat. Saint Michel, igren icḥen, irfa yuref imi ur izmir i kra; ur izmir ara ad ikellex i Cciṭan tikkelt tis-kraḍt, iɣtes ad d-yaɣ llza, iɛna-t ad t-id-iɛreḍ ɣer yimensi i wass n letnayen i d-iteddun.
— Ur tecriheḍ ara di tfellaḥt-nni i yaɣ-izdin, (i yas–inna) ḥsiɣ s waya; maca ur bɣiɣ ara ad d-tegri gar-aneɣ cceḥna, tin ɣer-s ssarameɣ ad d-taseḍ ad temmensiḍ yid-i. Ad ak-seččeɣ lerbayeḥ ilhan.
Iqbel Cciṭan imir imir imi aseqḍiḍ-is am tluxxext-is. Deg wass n usihar, ibges Cciṭan ilṭec, iwwi abrid n Yiɣil.
Isɣam-it Saint Michel ɣer tgida taxlaft. Ibda-yas s umetred iɛeččren d ijajuren n yiyuzaḍ d tqinsyiwin, s tkurin d tɛeṣbanin n uksum n uḥelluf, sakkin sin yiselman imeqranen s twaracin n teklilt, sakkin yiwet tdandunt tamellalt teččur d aqesṭel ilman di ccrab, sakkin yiwet tmessaḍt n ucedluḥ tafesgant am ungul, sakkin d izegza ifessin deg yimi akked uɣrum ilhan iḥman ittfuṛṛun d tafenda n wudi.
Swan ssidr amsari bu ukuffit d tiẓedt, d waman n tẓurin izeggaɣen isekkṛen, rnu seld yal aḍajin n tmečča, tessen aman-n-tudert n teffaḥ. Isgwergwir Cciṭan isgaḍ am ucbayli, armi i tt-ikker waẓ akkin, indeh-as uɛebbuḍ-is.
Dɣa Saint Michel, iwwet ikker s tɣara muhaben issexlaɛen, isreɣreɣ fell-as :
— Ṭṭixer sdat-iii ! Ṭṭixer sdat-i a lǧayeḥ ! tɛemmdeḍ … Ṭṭixer sdat-i…
Inceggal Cciṭan irwel, ma d Saint Michel, iddem ɣer-s iqwi, isqerqer-it.
Ttazzalen gar texxamin, tezzin i teɛreṣtin, ttalin tikeddanin n beṛṛa, ttṛabaɛen ɣef yicerfan d lkifan, ttneggizen si tregragt ɣer tregragt. Cciṭan ameɣbun, illa di yir tagnit; yuḍen itfegget, irewwel kan, isxeḍ akk tanezduɣt n wuɣris. Di taggara yufa-d iman-is ɣef ssḍeh aneggaru, – iwsawen akk – anda istewɛa ɣef ubuɣaz ameqraḥan s yiɣerman-is iggugin, s yijdi-is d yimerjan-is. Ur izmir ara ad irwel nnig waya; imekken-as yimqeddes s azagur s yiwet tyita n uḍar tudɣilt i t-iɛellan deg yigenni am ddabex.
Izzerzef di tegnawt am umeẓrag, iɣli ibbeɛzaq sdat yiɣrem n Mortain ; ntan wacciwen n unyir-is d waccaren n yifassen-is d yiḍarren-is s telqey deg ucṛuf iḥerzen d lebda lǧerrat n uɣelluy-a n Cciṭan.
Ikker-d isquḍur, – iqucceḥ ar taggara n zzman – iskad ɣer lebɛed Iɣil n lqedra iɛǧeǧǧin deg yigenni am uqincur deg yimir n uɣelluy, iḥsa dakken ittwarna d lebda deg umennuɣ-a ur nemɛadal, iruḥ izzuɣur akesluḥ-is, iwelleh ɣer tmura iggugin, iǧǧa i ucengu ines tiferkiwin-is, iɛerqyab-is d tzuɣar-is akked yilmaten-is.
A-t-ah wamek Saint Michel, amestan n Yinuṛmundiyen irna Cciṭan.’’
Yiwen uɣref-nniḍen, issugen-d ṭṭrad-a, akken-nniḍen.
Ahmed Hamoum


text:
Macahu! Ad yeg Ṛebbi ad tt-yesselhu ad tt-yeg amzun d asaru! Yella yiwen yesea sebea warrac. Teddem tmeṭṭut-is tadist, yeḥdeṛ-d ad d-tarew. Heddṛen medden di tejmaet, nnan-as: -Leflani ad yernu Yur-s weqcic, yerna atmaten-is di sebea usmen, ur t-bYin ara. Mi tesla Sstut i medden heddṛen akka lehduṛ-agi, teddem tessaweḍ-iten-id i warraw n wergaz-nni. Msefhamen di sebea yid-sen, ggullen, nnan-as: «Neuhed-ik a Ṛebbi ar ma tesea-d yemma-tneY taqcict, ad neddem isuḍaf ad nYenni, ma tesea-d aqcic, ad neddem isuḍaf ad nennejli. ». Lmeena-s, ma tesea-d yemma-tsen taqcict ad kkren s urar d ccnawi, ma tesea-d aqcic, ad refden ifassen-nsen d yiḍarren-nsen ad kken tawwurt, ad nnejlin. Tesla-yasen Sstut mi ttgallan akka, tṛuḥ tqusem-asen tameddit n wass i deg d-turew yemma-tsen, teqqar-asen yiwen, yiwen: – Ay a leflani, yemma-k terna-d aqcic! Ihi, ur nudan ara ula d anadi ad ttḥeqqen ma d tidett, ddmen isuḍaf, nnejlan. Yemma-tsen d taqcict i d-tesea mačči d aqcic. Nitni nnejlan, ğğan imawlan-nsen. Tru yemma-tsen armi teeya, tuYal teṣber s tmara. Armi d asmi tewweḍ teqcict d tamazzalt. Ass-n deg wussan n Ṛebbi, tṛuḥ teqcict Yer tala. Tqusem-as daYen Sstut, tawi yid-s tayedḍiḍt n uYerda, ternu taYerbalt, tessendi-ten s amizab ad ččaṛen. Taqcict, tuṛğa, tuṛğa, tuṛğa armi…
Taddart n Lqalus tura trab.Qqaren asmi-tt mazal tebded, yella deg-s yiwen uḥeddad yesea cci, yerna Yur-s tameṭṭut tzad di ṣṣifa.Yiwen wass qqimen kra n lYaci la heddren di tejmaɛt, inṭeq-d yiwen yenna-as : -Lemmer ad iyi tcehhdem, ad-kkseY i uḥeddad tameṭṭut is. Nnan as: – I kecc s leaqel ik? Yenna-asen: Ṛeggemt iyi kan ar ad yi-tcehdem. Ṛeggemn-as( weɛden-as) . Iruḥ ar tejmaɛt n ccrae,yenna-asen: -SliY i uḥeddad yebra i tmeṭṭut is n tlata fi tlata. Ihi yekks as-tt ccrae. Aqli nekk bYiY ad tt-aYeY. Nnan as : – D lmuḥal ! Yenna yasen 😀 ayen ẓṛan medden . Nnan as : -Awid inagan . Iruḥ yewwi-d inagan widen akken i as-iṛeggmen di tejmaɛt. Cehden as. Tajmaɛt teḥkem tennebra tmeṭṭut. Truḥ. yuɣ- itt urgaz-nni. Yer taggara uYalen armi kksen i uḥeddad ula d tiferkiwin is. Tella di taddart n Lqalus yiwet temYart tegra-d waḥd-s, ur tesei ḥedd. Tewwḍ-d tefsut; bdan medden la teffYen Yer tferkiwin-nnsen. Ala tamYart nni acku ulac wara teğğ deg uxxam is . Ass-nni truḥ, s aḥeddad tru-yas. Yenna-yas : -Ma tebYiḍ ad am-ggeY ttawil. Tenna-yas :- Lemmer ad txedmeḍ tinna… Yenna-yas :- Ad am-xedmeY tasekkart ara yetteskkiren axxam-im si beṛṛa. Di lweqt-nni tiwwura ttsekkirent kan si sdaxel.At taddart, akken walan tamYart, mi tsekker…
Amacahu, ad telhu, ad teḍbeɛ am usaru ad tuɣal annect n ujga. Zik-nni tella yiwet n tyaziḍt deg yiwet n taddart tettidir nettat d warraw-is deg telwit. Ɣur-s mraw n yigdaḍ, tẓa deg-sen kif-kif-iten deg tiɣmi, d imellalen akk, ma d wis mraw yemgarrad ɣef yimezwura, ur yelli d amellal am nutni : netta d azeggaɣ am tfelfelt . Ɣef waya i t-ɣunzan watmaten-is deg uxxam d tizziwin-is deg berra. Ur t-ttaǧǧan ara ad yurar yid-sen, yerna ttaḍsan fell-as. Akka i s-xeddmen seg mi ara d-yali wass alamma yeɣli yiṭij ttɛayaren-t : Tifelfelt tazeggaɣt… tifelfelt taqerḥant… Agdiḍ azeggazɣ meskin yettarra kan ɣer wul-is, seg mi ara d-yekker yekres unyir-is, yezga d uḥzin kra yekka wass, ur yessin la taḍsa la anecraḥ. Yiwen wass, tekker-d yemma-s tanezzayt am wakken tuɣ tannumi teḥseb tarwa-s, tufa tẓa n yifrax imellalen, wis mraw, azeggaɣ-nni ulac-it. Tessawel, tessawel, tuzzel yeffes, tuzzel zelmeḍ , amzun yeffeɣ-itt laɛqel, maca yiwen ur as-d-yerri awal. Teqqim ɣef umnar n tewwurt tettru, tkemmel aḥluli i tasa-s. Afrux azeggaɣ mi iwala yiwen ur t-iḥemmel dɣa yehmel yerra ɣef uqerruy-is.Yerwel ɣef uxxam-nsen, yeǧǧa ɣer deffir atmaten-is i s-yerran ddunit-is d taberkant. Iteddu, iteddu, ur yeẓri anda ara t-awin yisurifen-is armi d-yeɣli yiḍ. Dɣa…
Ta d taqsiṭ i yeḍran i Sidna Sliman. Yiwen wass, usant-d ɣer teɣremt n Sidna Sliman snat tlawin, yiwet d timizwiɣt tayeḍ d timibrikt. Yal yiwet deg-sent teddem-d agrud deg ufus-is. Igerruden-nni ttemcabin aṭas, maca yiwen deg-sen d amuddir wayeḍ yemmut. Sersent snat tlawin-nni igurden-nsent sdat n uɛric n ugellid, qqumcent, bdant la d-ḥekkunt ayen tent-id-yewwin ɣer dinna. Agellid yesmuzgut-asent s uhannay ameqqran : – Ay Unnig-nsen, i d-tebda tmeṭṭut timizwiɣt, nekk ttidireɣ di yiwen uxxam akked tmeṭṭut-a, nettat d takna-inu. Azal n wayyur aya, s kra n wussan kan gar-anteɣ, i snat yid-nteɣ nurew-d sin yiguuden yellan s tezmert igerrzen. Armi d iḍelli tameddit, agerrud n tmeṭṭut-a yebda yettiẓẓif. Netta ad yili yemmut kra n tsaɛtin deffir mi nessexsi tafat akken ad neṭṭes. Ur ifaq yiwen s wayen yeḍran i ugrud-a siwa yemma-s. Dɣa imi nekk tuɣ-iyi ɣebbseɣ deg yiḍes alqayan, tfures tagnit tekker-d di talest, teddem-d agrud-iw terr ines deg umkan-is. Mi d-ukiɣ taṣebḥit-a, faqeɣ agrud yellan ɣer yidis-iw ur yesnuffus ara. Mi ḥekkreɣ nezzeh deg-s, ukzeɣ netta mačči d-waynu. Imir-nni kan, tenṭeq-d tmeṭṭut timibrikt tini i Sidna Sliman s yimeṭṭawen deg wallen :Uhu, ay Unnig-nsen ! Tameṭṭut-a la teskiddib. Agrud amuddir d ayla-w”. Din-din, tegzem-as awal tmeṭṭut…


text:
Ass-a lewhi n tesɛa d wezgen (9h30) aselway n umussu i timanit n Tmurt n Yiqbayliyen, Mass Buɛziz At Cebbib, akked imaɣnasen nniḍen ger-asen Becca Busaɛd d Hsen Crifi, ḥebsent-tent iserdasen di temdint n Tizi-Wezza uqbel ad yebdu unejmuɛ iɣer i d-yessawel umussu i timanit n Tmurt n Yiqbyliyen, i wakken ad t-ttwakkes laḥqara d lbaṭel i d-isers udabu, i wakken diɣ ad d-yuɣal wezref i wegdud ad yennaɣ ɣef izerfan-ines s tikli akked tmesbaniyin d tin n leɛqel d ṣwab.
Am akken diɣ i tettwṭṭef tedewselwayt n Wegraw Amaḍlan Amaziɣ (MCA), Massa Kamira n At Sid akked tmarayt-is Ḥasibba Iɛebbasen yekkin deg unejmuɛ-agi akked ɣer tama-nsen imeɣnasen nniḍen n umussu i Timnit n Tmurt n Yiqbayliyen, tugett deg-sen d isdawanen, ad d-nebder:
Ǧaɛfer Kennan
Hsen Grayci
Ɛebḍella Ɣerrab
Babasi Ṣufyan
Remḍhan Buɛekkiz
Ssaɛid Tissegwin, anaɣmas n tamurt.info. Am akken i yettwaḥbes diɣen yiwen n uneɣrim nniḍen, seg wid d-yusan ad tekkin deg tikli-agi.
S yisem n Unavaḍ uɛḍil n Tmurt n Yiqbayliyen, mass Maxluf Idir deg ulɣu i d-yessufeɣ, iger-d tiɣri i yiqbayliyen d wid yettnaɣen ɣef tugdut “issawel s ibeddi ɣer tama n imaɣnasen-agi yettwaṭfen, i wakken ad asen-d-serḥen s tɣawla, deg imira.” Am akken i d-iger “tiɣri i tesquma tigerɣlanin n izerfan d tlelli n wemdan, ad ẓeyrent ɣef udabu azzayri ad iqader leqwanen iɣef yestenya deg umahil-agi n izerfan n wemdan.”


text:
Maraghna: Déclaration de Bouaziz Ait-Chebib à la 10ème commémoration de l'assassinat d'Ameziane Mehenni
MARAGHNA (SIWEL) — Dans son Village natal, où il repose depuis 2004 après que les criminels d'Alger soient passé à l'acte ignoble de le faire assassiner à Paris, Ameziane Mehenni ne cesse de soulever l'indignation des kabyles et des justes. Son assassinat demeure impuni et reste à ce jour couvert par le secret d'Etat que partagent la France et l'Algérie. Bouaziz Ait-Chebib lui a rendu un hommage entièrement en Kabyle, comme l'aurait probablement apprécié la victime qui chérissait par dessus tout la langue kabyle. Nous reproduisons dans son intégralité le message en kabyle du président du MAK suivie de quelques photos de cette 10ème commémoration de l'assassinat d'une jeune prometteur que le racisme d'Etat algérien a décidé de ravir à sa famille, à ses amis et à la Kabylie toute entière.
Win yefkan tudert-is d asfel ɣef tlelli n weɣref-is, ur yettmattat ara. Wid i t-yenɣan s leɣder, rran-t seg wid ara yidiren i levda.
Ameẓyan yuɣ avrid n jeddi-s d vava-s. Ilul-d d aɣilas, yedder d ameɣnas, yeɣli d ameɣras.
Ilul deg useggas n 1974. Yegma-d deg-umennuɣ. Ur yeṛwi ara leḥnana n vava-s yezgan di leḥvas. Izegr-d iseggasen ur iḥulfa yis-sen. Tferfer-as temẓi.
Iṛebba-t-id lḥif. Meẓẓi yufa-d iman-is d argaz n uxxam.
D nnif i d izer amnezu i yeṭṭeḍ. Yekker-d deg irebbi n tirrugza. Yexdem tazmert-is akked tmusni-s akken tamurt-is ad tafeg s wafriwen-is di tegnawt n tlelli d yiseɣ.
Ur yesmid ara 12 iseggasen ass-mi i iteddu ɣer Lambiz d Beṛwagiya i wakken ad d-iẓer vava-s yettwaṭṭefn ɣef izerfan n umdan. Iwala tevrek n udavu amesvaṭli. Lvaṭel yeqes-it, yesduqqes-it, imesl-it-id d ameɣnas si temẓi.
Yerra-d tili. Feṛḥat, yufa-t d tayett i ɣef itekka. Yefka-yas-d afus di yal asurif iger di tsertit.
Ameẓyan yennuɣ yak yis-sent. Yessefra, yecna. Di 1993, akken kan yesmed 19 n iseggasen di tudert-is, isvedd-d aked yiwen umeddakel-is tarvaɛt n cna : Tezdeg. Cna-nnsen d win n umennuɣ am win n Imaziɣen Imula.
Deg-yiwet n tezlitt, rran tajmilit i tsuta i d-yurwen tafsut n 80, nnan-as :
Amezruy-nnsen, ur t-ntettu ara.
Yal yiwen deg-sen, yerẓa nnmara
yerna d ilmeẓyen
nejṛen avrId-nnsen
akken ad ad aɣ-d-ssuffɣen si ddel-agi.
Mi yeqqar di tesnawit, timenɣiwt n Ṭaher Ǧawut, tḥuza-t aṭas. Yekka-d ɣef tḥuna n iɛeẓẓugen, ijemeɛ-d tadrimt i twacult n umyaru ameqran. Mi iruḥ ad yessiweḍ lamana ar llal-is, Tameṭṭut n Ṭaher, tkukra ad telli tawwurt i netta d imeddukal-is. Dɣa, Amẓyan yecna-yas tizlitT n vava-s :" yekkat udfel ɣef udrar". Yewwi-yas-d iwzi anda Feṛḥat yerra tajmilit i Ṭaher d wid i t-icuvan. Imir-n telli-yasen-d tawwurt s imeṭṭi.
Γer taggara n useggas n 1993, islul-d Tanmiregt n Usnawiyen Imaziɣen (coordination des lycéens amazighs). Tuddsa-agi, thegga-d aṭas n tikliwin. Tefka-d afud ameqran i Umussu Adelsan Amaziɣ (MCB) ladɣa ass-mi i d-ssuɣen warrac akked tullas : ulac lakul ma ulac tamaziɣT, di 1994/4995. (boycott scolaire).
Di tedyant-agi, llan wid yevɣan ad ssimsen vava-s, qqaren-as : Feṛḥat Mhenni, yewwi arraw-is ad lemden di Fṛansa.
Aya d tikerkas. Ameẓyan, am netta am inelmaden n Tmurt n Yiqvayliyen, iɣunza tasdawit. Yella yid-neɣ deg unnar. Ass-mi i d-serḥen "irevraven" i Lwennas Maɛtub, deg waggur n tuveṛ 1994, ṛadyu tis snat, tessawel-d s axxam n Feṛḥat Mhenni, aselway n Umussu Adelsan Amaziɣ, d Ameẓyan i d-ufan, d netta i immeslayen deg umur n vava-s. Yenna-d : "d aɣref i ivegsen qeccuc meccuc, i d-iserḥen i Lwennas...."
Kra n wussan ɣer sdat, Nella akken di tẓeqqa n Ḥeṛca anda i d-nessudes yiwet temlilit tameqrant ass n 27 tuveṛ 1994.
Yeǧǧa tamurt ass n 13 di fuṛar ass-mi irevraven uznen-d tavratt i Feṛḥat Mhenni anda i as-d-nnan : kečč nzegl-ik aṭas n tikkal, tura d tawacult-ik, i d-nerra gar wallen".
Ameẓyan d watmaten-is, ur ɣrin ara deg useggas n unegzum n tɣuri ( boycott scolaire). I ten yessamsen d wid yumsen.
Di Fṛansa, ikemmel amennuɣ. Yella d win i ɣef yettkal Feṛḥat Mhenni di yal aḥric n tudert : di twacult neɣ di tsertit. Ittikki deg waṭas n tiddukliwin tidelsanin tiqvayliyin deg-yinig.
Γer tama n timuɣnest, Ameẓyan, yerra lwelha-s ɣer tɣuri. Yewwi-d agerdas amenzu di tnezzut tagraɣlant (commerce international) u yettheggi wayeḍ di tutlayt tajapunit.
Ass n 19 yunyu 2004, ifassen n leɣder qecmen-t. Ar ass-a, Fṛansa, deg rebbi-s i t-nɣan, ulac i texdem akken ad d-tvan tidett ɣef tmenɣiwt-is. Faffa teṣṣer adavu azzayri am wakken texdem di taluft n Ɛli Messili.
Xas at ufus d tiferɣi, imi d timerɣi, vɣan ad simsen Ameẓyan, iqvayliyen at tissas ẓran meṛṛa d akken timeɣiwt-is tcudd ar tsertit dimi Fṛansa tugi ad tekkes taduli ɣef tidett. Maca, ffer ffer, yiwen wass ad d-yefferfer.
Wid i t-yessnen akken ilaq, ẓran d acu i d azal-is. Saɛid Cemmax, yenna fell-as : "Tamurt n leqvayel iruḥ-as yiwen ukattar yettleqqimen timsal n tsertit".
Aṭas icennayen i as-irran tajmilt, gar-asen : Bṛahim Izri, Uleḥlu, Nuṛa at Vṛahim, Yasmina,....
Feṛḥat yenna di tezlitt i yehda i Umeẓyan :
Deg-i teǧǧiḍ-d adeddic ur nḥellu
iɛdawen s lmut-ik i yi-neqqen.
acedhi-k yes-si yibbwas ad yeglu
Xas ma d tikta-nneɣ ay ttewwiqen...
Kra n wagguren uqvel tamettant-is, Ameẓyan yesla i yiwet n tezlitt tagrawlant n ṭṭelyan. Issuter di Vava-s akken ad tt-yecnu s teqvaylit. Ass-mi t-nɣan, Feṛḥat, irra-tt-id ar teqvaylit u yecna-tt-id ass n temḍelt di tmeqvert uqvel ad gren Ameẓyan s aẓekka.
Ameẓyan yenṭel di taddart-is, Merraɣna, gar yizmawen, am wakken i tt-imenna di tezlitt : a yemma ad kem ǧǧeɣ - bellachao :
Tamḍelt i mennaɣ
di taddart-nneɣ
ad meḍelɣ gar yizamwen.
Ameẓyan ur yemmut ara. Yal ilemẓi aqvayli ara d-yekkren ɣef yisseɣ d Ameẓyan, acku yemmut wemdan, yedder umennuɣ-is. Isem-is, ad d-yeqqim deg umezruy, d ameɣras n tlelli n uɣref aqvayli.
Bouaziz Ait-Chebib,
Maraghna, le 21/06/2014


text:
Tidet n Tala Uẓru
Si zik n zik, si zzman aqdim, Tala Uẓru d taddart am tudrin merra. Acemma ur yelli, acemma ur d-iḍerru. Nettɛawad-d kan ayen xedmen imawlan nneɣ akken ula d nitni ɛawden i wayen xedmen ibabaten nsen. D wagi i d lḥerz mgal asṭilfeḥ n wussan d ddeɛwessu d yir lbext ara yeglun yisneɣ lukan mačči akka. Mazal ur nefhim ara amek i tetteddu ddunit iwakken ad nelḥu deg-s xerṣum s war tugdi neɣ mulac di lferḥ. Seg akken nettemderkal yid-s nuɣal nfaq belli ur aɣ-d-ṣaḥ ara neɣ d nekkni ur das d-nṣaḥ ara. Mgal tudert d lehmum-is, mgal aṭṭanen, laẓ, asemmiḍ, leɛra, lqella n tmusni, karuh, zzɛaf, lqella n tezmert d ufsax n yiṭij, ur nesɛi acemma gar ifassen, la tazmert, la tamusni, la asurdi. D ṣṣeḥ wwin-aɣ-d tidet, d acu tikwal nettḥulfu-yas am akken tɛedda nnig iqerray-nneɣ, terwel akin I yiɣeblan iɣ-d-yettṣaḥen yal ass, iɣ-yerẓan tamgert, I ibernen tamuɣli-nneɣ ɣer lqaɛa, akin I yigenni anda tjeggeḥ tafat ur daɣ d-nṣaḥ, ur nettwali.
Mouloud Mammeri, L’opium et le bâton,
El Dar El othmania, Alger 2005, p.78.
Traduction Djamel Laceb


text:
ɣas akken iɣab ɣef wallen ass-a, maca netta ger-aneɣ mazal-it, s isura neɣ s tira, ayen yexdem i teqbaylit d ayen ur yettagi “ceffu”. Yak isem-is “ceffu” amek i tram ad t-nettu?
Tawrirt mi nruḥ ad tt-nettu, s usaru d anza i tuɣal i teɣri, tiɣri-nni n weẓru, anza i d-rrant tɣaltin akked tewririn d awezɣi ad t-nettu.
Talalit-ik di furar, ger uḥeggan d umrḍil, di taddart n Uzelagen. Di teqseḥ n usemmiḍ, i d-telddiḍ allen, allen-nni ur teqqineḍ ɣef wid yenɣa usemmiḍ.
Isem-ik ger wiyaḍ yufrar, asmi i t-cerḍeḍ s ufus-ik deg umezruy n teqbaylit. Tecbiḍ ifrax n unebdu, iteddun melba akukru ɣas deg wayla n iṣeggaden.
S isura i terẓiḍ isula, i telddiḍ tiwwura, tiwwura-nni id d-rran fell-aɣ wid-nni.
Tawrirt yettwattun yura umusnaw am tmacahutt i nessarem ad tiɣzif am usaru, kečč terriḍ-tt d asaru, d inigi, d lǧǧera iḍefren tikli i d-icergen iḍ n tatut.
ɣas ulac-iken tellam, i tudert teǧǧam-d inagan ara d icehden ɣef tlilit-nwen. Ma yella d wid i yeqqaren:” imaziɣen ur llan” teẓram amek igan, teẓram d acu ibɣan.
Di furar i ak-yeḥbes waṭṭan tikli, di furar targit-ik ur teḥbis tikli. Targit-ik terna ɣer tirga nniḍen, tirga yesdermen iɣbir n tkarkas, iɣbir n lbaṭel n tatut akked lmut.
Ur temmuteḍ ara a Bugarmuḥ, ur temmuteḍ ara a Bugarmuḥ.
Irnaten Murad


text:
azul aytmatnegh gh waggur ifulkin ikkuln (yusin anezgum n tirra d tzûri d tskla d wawal amazigh, ha yan unghmis f tirra n tutmin timazighin g sus
tssufgh-d ultmatngh “khadija abenrousse” yan udlis s ism n «illis n waman », asktur udlis ad yuma mnnaw umiyn I tazzanin, ittyasay-d zgh umiyn n umadâl, ttyaran idêrisen ns s yat tgharast lli s izdâr ad-tt yakwz kuyan, s sin iskkiln alatini d tfinagh, d unughen (illustrations) gan win unazûr lârbi ddouch iwis n tfrawt.
adlis ad yuklal (mériter) tasmghurt n ircam (asinag ageldan) n 2007 g usays n usughl.
ultmatngh khadija tga tamzwarut g tsga n sus lli-d issufghen adlis, d tmzwarut yiwin kra n tsmghurt mqqurn dar imazighen n lmghrib akkw, igh urn nigh g tmazgha igh ur skkrksgh!


text:
Tayeb Djellal Awal kul aseggas neqqar-it
Kull aseggas ajdid (amaynut) neqqar aseggas-a ad kkren icawiyen ad mlilen s tawmatt( tagmatt) d wulawen d izeddagen ad sskeren amussu(mouvement) n yedles (culturel)ad refden axenfuf n yetmat-sen deg wammas n tmurt n TmazYa acku yal tama ass-a Yer-s ahil (programme) yettxussan ameYnes-nnes Yef tinettit (identité) n imaziYen s tsertit(politique) d ttazeddagt.
2957 yudf-ed (ikecm-ed) fell-aneY u netcnin deg wawras ur nufi tifrat i tkerrisin yeqqnen, amussu arni Yaf say ur nufi abrid iqedd ad t-nawi mank ad naweḍ Yer iswan-nneY(iswi(an)=objectif(s)). Awaḍ Yer matta aYer nettazzal yezger webrid-nnes, arni yeččur d isennanen. Maca (mais) aḍran n usirem Yer umahil, yeqqim d awal bla anamek (sens).
Ur nuc ad nraja aseggas ad yegguren 2958 mank ad nerni ad nraja aseggas yellan sdeffer-nnes wiYrimen ssuxsulen fell-aneY.
Izerfan n icaweyen deg wawras niY di tmura tiberraneyin ur llin, s lexsus ma nutlay Yef yedles,d tinettit (identité).
Ur nessin maYef ass-a Icawiyen ani llan tectan ad ḍefren sbayer n yudan wad zagzen lejnas deg wecal n tinettit-nnsen w ad ğğen tinettit-nnsen.
Iseqseyen yettwaffsren ass-a tennḍen Yef wembehri n yudan iberrabneyen si temsalin-aya :
- Tagumit arnas Idhes n imeYnasen( militants) s umata (d’une manière générale) deg wawras.
- Ur llin irumaḍ Yef uYir n tidduklatin.
- I meYnasen n wass-a niY ya n wassennat ur Yersen iman (ruḥ)n tadukkli kull ict
yettazzal Yef wagel-nnes i netta d yemddukal-nnes.
- ImeYnasen deg wawras ssaramen ukkel ad ilin d iselwayen ( 1) n umussu adelsan.
- Tawmatt d ṣṣfa ur llin Yer imeYnasen a yeğğin ifriwen n umussu ad igiten wad
feclen.
- Ur llin nezzeh n « les sites »n linternet ad semYrent w ad ssegdrent lrsal n wedles d
tussna n umezruy deg walliwen n leYruz imaynuten...
(1) aselway : président, ici dirigeant.http://www.kahina.org/index.php?p=1_1http://fr.360.yahoo.com/tamazight_assa


text:
Yella yiwen ugellid, yiwet n tikkelt yessemger. Yuki d-yiman-is belli tfuk-as tezmert. Imi akka issunefk-as ad irr yiwen nniḍen deg wemdiq-is maca amek ar-a yeg akken ad-yaf win gef acu ar-a yettkel izemren i tgelda .
Yufa-d tikti akka yenna i lgaci :
-kra n win igur-s baba-s ur yemmut ara, a-t-yezlu.
Kkren lgaci n tmmurt nni zlan akk babat-sen anagar yiwen ur t izl’ara. Mi yewweḍ ar baba-s, inna-yas akka d wakka.
Imir nni yerna ugellid yenna-yasen a-y-id-tawim seksu gef acciwen n yezgaren. Azekka nni yal wa amek s-iga yeqqen aḍebsi ger wacciwen wezger. Wa yeskker takemmust n seksu deg wceṭiḍ yeqn-itt neg yurzi-tt ar yic n wezger, yal wa amek s-iga akken a-s-yawi seksu i wegellid gef yic n wezger.
Azekka nni, mi d-yeffeg tanzegt ittwali-d ar lgaci yeqqim seksu yettafeg ar igenni, izgaren nni, asmuhret, tekker ddunit ar laxeṛt.
Anagar yiwen yeṭṭf-ed yiwen wergaz i msegza yid-s a-s-d-irfed tarbuyt n seksu i wgellid. Agellid mi t id-iwala akken, yenna i lgaci nni:
-Ruḥet akk anagar wihin umi d-irfed akka wihin tarbuyt ihin. Yenna-yasen, s wurfan : – siwlet-as ! Winna mi d-yewweḍ ar ugellid. Agellid yenna-yas : -Amek nnig i lgaci a-y-id-tawim seksu gef acciwen n yezgaren, keč tewwiḍ iyi-d argaz. Wagi d-argaz mači d-azger i-s-yenna ugellid.
Argaz d-iṭṭfen win s d-irefden tarbuyt inna-yas:
-Ay agellid, wagi tettwaliḍ deg ufus-iw, inna-s d-acu-t wass-a, d-acu-t wayyur deg nella. Ma yenna-yak d-acu-ten, atan d-tidett d-argaz neg m’uli ur d-ttafeḍ ara azger am wa ?
Agellid yenna-yas i win d-irefden akken tarbuyt n seksu :
-d-acu-t wass-a, d-acu-t wayyur deg nella. Iṭallay ar igenni ma ad iwali ayyur neg awwah.
Yugal ugellid ar win t-id-iwwin: i baba-k anda yella awi-t-id ? Yerra-yas-d: Atan deg wexxam.
Imir nni yerra-t deg wemḍiq-is. Yugal win akken ur nezl’ara baba-s d-agellid Yef tmurt.
Ihi akka itfuk tmacahutt.


text:
Tifranin ad ɛeddint. Akken i ɛeddant tid iɛeddan ara ɛeddint tid ara d-yernun. Ayen ara d-yeqqimen ala liḥala-k ay amɣabun, a win yettargun. Zzuznen-k s wawal, s- ḍemɛen-k s cci.
Di yal tikelt i deg ara k-ḥwiǧen ssnen s wacu ara k-id-jebden, mi ruḥen d ayen ḍalen akkin, ɣur-k ur d ttuɣalen a la ma ḥwaǧen-k daɣen.
Nniya ma tekka akin i waḥdid tettuɣal d tiɛejgert ay aḥbib. Snuzun-ak layas s usirem! Ɣas teẓriḍ twalaḍ, maca tnekreḍ allen-ik iwalan.
Tutlayt i tebɣiḍ ( ma yella tebɣiḍ-tt s tidett ) ur k-id-ṣaḥ, ur ttebɣin. Ula d aɣmis ur t-ksibeḍ ay amaɣbun, ula d awal ur k-id-iṣaḥ ay amaɣbun. Yak d amdan ay telliḍ ula d kečč!
Adabu azzayri di yal tikelt irebbeḥ, nekni nxetter. Yekkat-aɣ s wid-nneɣ ( FFS & RCD ), yettbeggin-d belli d netta i iḥekmen, d netta i d imḍebbar nekni d aklan.
Agdud yettḥellil deg FFS & RCD akken ad-inin, akken ad stɛarfen belli d ikabaren n Tmurt n Iqbayliyen, nutni ugin qqaren:” Nekni d ikabaren iɣelnawen, izzayriyen. Mačči d Iqbayliyen…” ayen ara ten-ḥellel? Ayen ugin ad stɛarfen?
D ikabaren-agi ur tt-nefri ara d wegdud, akken agdud ad tt-yefru d yiman-is. Deg-sen i teḥṣel, nekni neḥṣel deg-sen.
Ddel yettkemil, lbaṭel yessuẓ tilisa, tifrat ur telli n wass-a. Aqbayli ma yella ur icemmer ara i yiɣallen-ines, ad yekker s izerfan-ines s tidett akked tebɣest ur yetɛawad ad yaf ass amellal di tudert-ines.
Deg-neɣ i tella tifrat, seg-neɣ ara d-teffeɣ, mačči seg wid id aɣ-yebɣan nger.
Irnaten Murad


text:
Tasnudert : anekcum ɣer temhazt n telmas d imahilen n Darwin
Sɣur Samir Tighzert
………………………………….
Amagrad-a ur yesḍamie ara ad d-yefk isalli ikemlen deg usentel meqqren iɣef i d-yewwi, imi mazal lexṣaṣ ama deg tutlayt neɣ tirmit n tira deg tussna s teqbaylit. Ihi am akken i d-yedda deg uzwel, d asalu kan i neereḍ ad nerẓ yess deg uḥric n tesnudert (biologie), ladɣa deg usentel-a usdid : tamhazt n telmas (évolution des espèces). D acu ɣas akken tella deg-s tanga tapidagujit ara yaf yiwen, nessaram d ayen ara itekkin daɣ i ureṣṣi n llsas n tussna s teqbaylit d tmaziɣt s umata.
…………………………………..
Llsas n Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin, amassan n ugama aglizi, ilul di Shopshire ass n 12 deg furar1809, yemmut di Dawne ass n 19 deg yebrir 1882. Imahilen-is ɣef temhazt[1]n telmas[2] timuddirin ḍḥan-d d wid yessegrawlen tasnudert segmi d-yessufeɣ adlis-is Iẓuran n telmas deg useggas n 1859. Dɣa asmi yella icae yisem-is gar imassanen s inadiyen iga, i yessker yiwet n turda[3] i d-yeqqaren belli tilmas akk timuddirn yellan zemrent ad ilint seg yiwen neɣ si kra kan n ijaddiyen ucriken i d-uɣent aẓar armi mehzent ɣef teɣzi n wakud, s twisi n wayen iwumi qqaren afran agaman[4].
Di tilawt, mačči d netta i yennan d amezwaru belli amdan yeqqers-d seg yibki (aḥallum, iddew), acku yezwar-it ɣer waya Lamarck s xemsin iseggasen, ulamma tazrawt[5]-is netta (Darwin) ɣef tikti-nni daɣ i tettawi yerna tessegza lumuṛ s telqey ; baqi segmi d-yeffeɣ udlis-nni-ines yuɣal yegget fell-as wawal d unṭag deg ijernanen d wanda nniḍen, ladɣa si tamiwin timasɣanin (imdeyynen) i iwalan deg-s ankaṛ n wamek i yettwassen uxlaq n ddunit d wayen yettidiren, sɣur Rebbi, meḥsub werǧin i d-yella Adem neɣ Ḥewwa am akken i t-id-nnant tektabin tuɣrisin. Ihi ur d-dduklen yid-s imassanen s tidet armi d aseggas 1870 mi rnan walan tidet-is ɣer wiyaḍ deg wayen yerzan tiẓri n temhazt (théorie d’évolution) i d-yessumer, dɣa din i tebda tdarwinẓrit tettaɣ abrid deg ubeddel n tmuɣliwin tinudranin armi d-wwḍen wallalen imaynuten di lqern wiss 20 i itebbten awal-is ula ɣef ufran agaman i yellan tuɣ yezzi-yas ccekk.
M’akken i d-yesnulfa tussan-yi tamaynut ara yuɣalen d taxatart maḍi syin d afella, Darwin yella d amnadi kan amecṭuḥ ifukken leqraya-s deg uɣiwen[6] n Ṭṭebba n tesdawit n Edambourg, ihi yedda deg uɣarrabu[7] Beagle i yeffɣen deg tuɣḍaṭ[8] unadi i tikelt tis snat, ɣer tnila n Temrikt n Wenẓul, iruḥ s yisem-is d amesnakal[9] kan imi d wayen i d-yelha imir. Maca ayen i t-iwellhen tikelt tamezwarut, d ayen iɣer yerra tamawt deg tgzirin n Galápagos ɣef kra n telmas n yiwen wefrux. Afrux-a llant kra n tlemas-is ɣur-neɣ ; deg tama n usammar n Bgayet qqaren-as abulkettan, deg Ǧerǧer abuferriw neɣ amenferriw (pinson). Ihi mi imuqel yaf sin ispisimanen i d-yekkan si snat tegzirin yemqaraben, ttemcabin deg kullec ala deg uqamum : yiwen zur, wayeḍ rqiq. Syin iwala yal afrux ggtent telmas-is deg yiwet n tewsit (genre), dɣa yesteqsa iman-is : ma d win iwumi qqaren Axellaq i igan akka annect-a, amek yeeni ara s-yini wayi ad s-geɣ aqamum akka, wayeḍ akken nniḍen, neɣ ad ten-ssemxlafeɣ kan deg teɣmi n rric ? Yerna mačči kan ɣur yefrax i llant lewhayem, ula si tama n iɣersiwen imeqqranen : amek yiwen deg leḥcic i ikess wayeḍ yettseyyiḍ iɣersiwen-nni at leḥcic s yiman-nsen ? Yuɣ lḥal tamella[10] ur telli deg teẓgi neɣ daxel n yillel, ayen izemren i kra-iḍen yečč-it !
Akka, Darwin mi yekfa tazrawt-is deg imenfarrawen i d-igemmer, yufa belli ayen i ten-yessemgarden d abrid kan i d-wwin deg tudert-nsen d twennaṭ ideg eacen ; dɣa win i d-yekkren deg tegzrit anda yeqwa lḥebb n yemɣan, iṛebba aqamum zuren iǧehden swayes ara yerẓ tuččit-is, ma d win nniḍen ieacen anda akken txuṣṣ, itetten kan ibeac, ayla-s netta iruḥ s teɣzi, yemmug i tseddi[11] amek ara d-yeṭṭef ayen meẓẓiyen. Wa d amedya kan amecṭuḥ, maca Darwin ssya i iṣadd armi yessegrawel tussna n imudar s lekmal-is. Yufa ziɣ d agama i d-yelhan s kra din ; yella wanda ḍerrun lumuṛ s usamma[12] kan d wamek i d-yewwi lḥal, maca dima d talmest iǧehden deg iɣersiwen, meḥsub tin iḥerzen tigemmi tajinit (patrimoine gnétique) yelhan i d-igerrin tettidir. Daymi aṭas i inegren segmi d-tebda tudert ar assa. Ma d tigemmi-a tajinit i yeṭṭfen amkan deg tsilunin[13] n wudus[14], neɣ amek tetteeddi gar tsitiwin, Darwin netta ur tt-yefhim ara di tallit-is, d taɣnwt-is (instinct) kan tamassnant d termit-is deg uḥekker d ufraẓ n lumuṛ i t-yeǧǧan ad yaru fell-as ; d acu ur ssawḍen ad tt-fehmen armi d talemmast n lqern wis XX, ad d-nuɣal ɣur-s.
Tabadut d usissen
Deg tesnudert, tamhazt d ayen yerzan inbeddalen i d-yettilin deg telmas timuddirin ɣef teɣzi n wakud ; d yiwen umazrar i d-yeṭṭfen seg talɣiwin timezwura maḍi armi d imudar n tura. Amezruy n tenhazt n tudert yezmer ad d-yettwiglem s yiwen waddag meqqren neɣ aṭas n waddagen n tgetjinit (poygénie).
Tamhazt tcudd ɣer usnulfu n telmas, maca seg-s daɣen i d-itekk ungar-nsent. Dɣa d turda n wefran agaman i d-yessumer Darwin i yettilin deffir inbeddalen-a, ulamma aṭas ineḍruyen i itekkin uqbel tuffɣa ɣer tsemlilt taneggarut i d-ijemmlen tiẓri n tenzeht (la théorie d’évolution). D acu tura aṭas imassanen i yettagin ula d awal-a n « tiẓri », imi ɣur-sen d ayen yessurfen amecwar-nni s wayen i d-tufa tussna tineggura-ya s wallalen atraren, ladɣa s igmaḍ n tesnudert talayant (biologique moléculaire) i d-yufan s tseddi, d amedya, amek yecrek w ADN n wemdan d yibki. Maca si tama nniḍen, d udem-a n lqerban gar umdan d uɣersiw i yeǧǧan aṭas n leṣwat ad ilin mgal tikti n temhazt ; llan gar-asen ula d imusnawen i ieerḍen ad gen tizrawin-nsen s webrid-iḍen iɣef teɣleb tezrirt[15] n teflest d tektiwin timasɣannin (n ddin). Amedya, qqaren belli d tidet, amdan yezmer ad yili ieedda-d ɣef waṭas n tsurifin uqbel ad yaweḍ akka d amdan, maca yella kan w’i iwellhen inbeddalen i d-yeḍran si tazwara, meḥsub d Rebbi-nni iss i ttamnen ; aya d ayen iwumi semman « asɣiwes amegzu » ( le dessein intelligent).
Imenzayen imuta
Di tilawt, ur d-yeḍḥa yeweer i waṭas n medden akken ad gren tikti n temhazt di lbal-nsen, armi d-tettbin tumelt[16]-is akka sufella d ayen ur iqqebbel wallaɣ, ladɣa ɣer wid i d-yekkren s tikti tamensayt[17] n wexlaq imudar. Imi deg tidet-is, tamhazt tettarra laṣel n wemdan d wayen akk yeddren ɣef akal, ama d aɣersiw neɣ d imɣi, akken yebɣu yili meqqer neɣ mecṭuḥ, alamma d yiwet kan n tsilunt si ṣṣenf abaktiri ideg i d-tebda tudert deg waman ahat ma drus 3,5 imelyaren iseggasen. Ayen i d-yettxebbiren ɣef waya d imikrudusen (microrganismes) i ttafen ar tura deg ifuṣilen, yerna tikwal irennu yettibeid later-nsen deg wakud.
Lḥaṣun ɣef akken d-teqqar tussna tatrart, d tabaktirit-a tamikruskupit i yebdan tettimɣur mi d-tufa iman-is deg waman ur nmelleḥ armi tuɣal s talɣa n twekka tusbiṭ yettbinen ; syin mi tkemmel deg unegmu teṭṭef ṣṣifa n yislem. Ifuṣilen[18] n « iselman-a » ttafen-ten dɣa s waṭas ɣer tamiwin igarawen (océans) ; ihi d kra seg-sen i d-yeffɣen, seg wid yesean tiferrawin tičaranin, zgan tteḥnunufen-d armi d-gran deg wakal aquran, dɣa d tifarriwen-nni i yuɣalen d iḍarren syin d afella. Yiwen uspisiman seg iqburen i ufan deg usammar n Groenland ahat wwḍen 460 imelyan iseggasen segmi ieac.
D widak i d-yeǧǧan igḍad, iḥraraden[19], ikalmanen[20] yecban imqerqar, akked isaṭṭaḍen ; syin akk i d-kkan. Deg tallit-nni tamezwarut d idinusuṛen i igman s tɣawla, yerna tuɣ llan am yegḍad kan, ma d wiyaḍ merra wwin-d acḥal di ṣṣifa n uɣersiw-nni i iṛebban tiḍartin yuɣal ileḥḥu ɣef rebea, yella d ameɣẓaz[21] icuban s aɣerda, d netta i d ajaddi n isaṭṭaḍen merra ideg nella nekni. Ur yebda gemmu-s d inbeddalen-is ɣer waṭas n telmas armi negren idinusuṛen si 66 imelyan iseggasen-aya. Dɣa ɣef teɣzi n imelyan n lesnin, yebḍa ɣef waṭas n twaculin tiɣersanin, gar tid yettseyyiḍen d tid itetten leḥcic, d wiyaḍ ukud llan iprimaten, asellun[22] yesdukklen amdan d waṭas n yibkan. Maca iprimaten mgaraden, llan imecṭaḥ, llan imeqqranen, ihi seg imeqqranen-nni i d-yeqqers umdan.
Tamhazt n wemdan
Yella da lɣilaḍ mucaeen ideg ilaq ad d-nebdu. Tuget n medden seg wid ur nwala tussna si lqerb, deg tmettiyin akk n ddunit, qqaren ma seg yibki i d-nekka s tidet, amek armi ibkan n wassa ur ttuɣalen ara d imdanen ? Netta da llant snat n tlufa i ilaqen ad ttusegzint. Tazwara, anbeddal-a mačči d ayen i d-yettilin deg teswiet kan akka, d inig ameqqran deg imyaten n luluf n lesnin, ur iẓerr yiwen s wallen-is ma ur inuda ara deg ifuṣilen, imi yettili-d s leeqel maḍi. Tin ɣer-s, mačči seg ibki-a n tura s yiman-is i d-iruḥ umdan. Ma d tura akka aɣersiw i ittemcabin maḍi ɣer umdan si tama tansudrant, d acampanzi (chimpanzé) i yettidiren deg Tefriqt, acku send ayen ara yilin gar 6 d 8 imelyan n lesnin, yella ujaddi-nneɣ yiwen. Meḥsub kra seg telmest-a i ɣ-icerkan yella wayen i d-yeḍran deg udus-nsen ; ladɣa taḍermist (mutation) i yerzan allaɣ, d tin i yellan deffir n tilin n wemdan, ulamma amdan-nni amezwaru yettemcabi ugar ɣer yibki.
D acu, mi d-yeffeɣ si twacult tasnudrant iwumi qqaren homonidae, amdan yebda yettenkar ɣef sin iḍarren, yessemras allaɣ-is, ikemmel tamhazt-is deg waṭas imecwaren, segmi yuɣal d tawsit (genre) iwumi qqaren homo : dɣa yella : homo-habilis, uqbel azal n 2 imelyan n lesnin deg Tefriqt usammar d wenẓul (i isqedcen yakan times, yenjer ablaḍ d amrig yerna yeffeɣ si Tefriqt) ; homo-eretcus uqebel 1,8 imelyan, d netta i ikecmen Turuft ; ma ɣer tagara d homo-sapiens i d-yellan si 300 000 iseggasen, i yuɣalen yettxemmim s tidet, d nekni dɣa akken nella tura ; yella neanderthal ɣer tama-nneɣ deg tewsit homo, ieac ula deg Turuft, maca winna yenger.
Tisura n tesnudert talayant deg tussna n temhazt
Iban, akken ad eeddint ṣṣifat si tsuta ɣer tayeḍ gar imudar, ilaq kan ad tili tanga[23] ara tt-yawin. Aya ifhem-it Darwin, maca win i d-yeldin tifrat ɣer tmukrist-a i tikelt tamezwarut, d Uṭrici Mendel (1822 – 1884) i yellan d aqessis (prêtre), d acu yelha-d daɣen d inadiyen-a i iḥemmel, imi tuɣ yeɣra deg tfellaḥt . Dɣa d netta i igan llsas i tussna tamynut ara d-ilalen syin d asawen, iwumi neqqar tajinitit, ulamma imahilen-is ruḥen ttwattun acḥal iseggasen d wamek eawden gan-asen ccan. Lḥaṣun, d netta i d-yufan isuḍaf iwumi qqaren ara assa Isuḍaf n mendel, d ayen yerzan abrid n umcabi gar umudar d baba-s, neɣ jeddi-s, neɣ gma-s (deg yiwet n tsuta) atg. (ad d-nawi fell-as deg umagrad-iḍen). Yerna netta ɣef yimɣan i iga tirmitin-is, meḥsub d ajilban i yebda iteẓẓu-t ɣef waṭas n tikwal armi d-yessufeɣ igmaḍ ineggura.
Maca wid i d-yesfehmen tajitinit s tidet, d Watson akked Crick deg useggas n 1953, asmi d-ufan amek yemmug w ADN s tseddi. ADN d alay[24] asnudran aɣezfan, n uɣurmi (nayau) n tsilunin akked kra ivirusen, deg-s i yettwaxan yisalli ajini s wudem akimyan. Ihi ma zik imusnwen tuɣ zerrfen s tmuɣli kan d ufraẓ n termitin, seg yimir uɣalen sean tanga yettwallasen iɣer tcudd kra yellan d ṣṣifa yesea umudar, izemren ad ssrewsen seg telmest ɣer tayeḍ ; dɣa tura mačči kan d iusḍaf n Mendel i yuɣalen ttwazrawen s wudem ufrin, ssawḍen yimnuda fehmen yess ula d anda zedɣen kra n waṭṭanen yetteeddin si tsuta ɣer tayeḍ, ayen ara ieiwnen i ueqal-nsen ɣas qbel talalit ; dɣa kka i ssulin ijinumen (génomes) n kra imudar. Ajinum d ayen i d-ijemmlen isallen ijiniyen icudden ɣer kra n telmest, win n wemdan fkan-t-id di 2003. Asmi t-srewsen ɣer win n yibki acampanzi ufan ttamcabin alamma d 99%, ayen yesswehmen leamma tamassnant, imi tilawt n temhazt tuɣal tban-d s wanzaten ufrinen, ur d-teqqim ara tettwaḍfar s ifuṣilen kan d tɣessiwin tiqburin, ladaɣa ma neẓra belli widak yettili lexṣas deg-sen ɣas akken ttaken-d isalli iqumen m’ara ilin.
Yerna am akken yenna Richard Dawkins[25], win yebɣan kan ad s-d-yessukes kra i tidet-a, ad iruḥ ad d-inadi taɣessa n wemdan ara yeseun ugar n 8 imelyan di leemer ; d lmuḥal, imi amdan tuɣ ur yewwiḍ ara talɣa i nesea tura. Kifkif ula i iɣersiwen akk i nessen, aqjun neɣ awtul, ur ttafen iɣsan-nsen ala seg tilla-nni kan mi qqlen s tumelt-nsen n tura.
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