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Les enseignants de tamazight de Tizi-Ouzou face à la norme : Quelle (s) variété (s) linguistique (s) peut-on privilégier ?
Date2016-02-28
Author
Akli, Kamal
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Abstract
Résumé en français Le thème de notre thèse est : « Les enseignants de tamazight de Tizi-Ouzou face à la norme : Quelle (s) variété (s) linguistique (s) peut-on privilégier ? ». Nous avons choisi un échantillon de douze (12) enseignants de département de langue et culture amazighes de Tizi- Ouzou. Avant de mener notre travail, nous avons posé une série de questions : - Quelles sont les attitudes des enseignants face à la norme de tamazight ? - Peut-on privilégier une variété sur une autre ? Quelle sera la réaction des autres groupes amazighs ? - Est-ce-que la démarche de la convergence progressive des variétés amazighes est efficiente dans le cadre de l’aménagement de tamazight ? - Comment expliquer cette problématique de langue (s) amazighe (s) ? Quelle est l’attitude des enseignants des trois groupes : kabyle, chaoui et mozabite à son égard ? Notre travail est réparti en quatre chapitres. Dans le premier chapitre intitulé « les rappels théoriques », nous avons défini quelques concepts, il s’agit de : l’aménagement linguistique, la normalisation et la norme, la variation linguistique et les attitudes linguistiques. Dans le deuxième chapitre intitulé « aperçu historique sur le mouvement identitaire », nous avons dressé un historique du mouvement identitaire à partir de 1949 jusqu’à l’année 2001. Les évènements qui ont été décrits sont : -La crise berbériste de 1949. -Le printemps berbère de 1980. -Le boycott scolaire en 1994. -Les évènements du printemps noir en 2001. Dans le troisième chapitre intitulé « aménagement de tamazight et attitude à son égard », nous avons expliqué quelques propositions relatives à l’aménagement de tamazight ainsi que les attitudes des enseignants kabyles, chaouis et mozabites à son égard. Le quatrième chapitre intitulé « la problématique de langue (s) amazighe (s) », nous avons expliqué les deux tendances antagoniques, celle qui est en faveur de l’unité de tamazight, et celle qui plaide pour sa diversité. Deux enquêtes ont été menées, la première consiste à enregistrer des enseignants des trois parlers et à étudier leurs productions vocales. La deuxième enquête, il s’agit d’un inventaire lexical de cent vingt six mots soumis à trois enseignants des trois parlers. L’objectif à partir de ces deux enquêtes est de dégager les points communs et les points divergents entre ces parlers amazighs. Agzul s tmaziɣt Anadi i d-newwi di ‘’doctorat’’ nefka-yas azwel : « iselmaden n tmaziɣt n Tizi-Wezzu mgal tamagnut : Anta tanḍa i yezmer ad smenyafen ? ». Nfern-d azal n mraw d ssin iselmaden n usuddu n tutlayt d yidlest n tmaziɣt. Acu kan uqbel ad nebdu anadi-nneɣ, nefka-d kra n yisteqsiyen : - D acu d tamuɣli n yiselmaden ɣef wayen yeɛnan tamagnut n tmaziɣt ? - Ma yezmer uselmad ad yesmenyif tantala ɣef tayeḍ ? D acu d addud n wid iheddren tantaliwin nniḍen ? - Tirmit n usemlili n tantaliwin d ayen igerrzen deg uslugen(aseggem) n tmaziɣt neɣ ala ? - Amek i nezmer ad d-nsefhem tamsalt-nni icudden ar tmaziɣt, llan wid i d-yeqqaren d yiwet tmeslayt, llan wid i d-yeqqaren tamaziɣt tebḍa ɣef waṭas n tmeslayin ? Axeddim-nneɣ nebḍa-t ɣef ukuẓ yehṛicen : Deg uhric amenzu i wumi nsemma : « kra n yimektiyen igejdanen », nefka-d deg-s tabadut n yal imekti : aslugen asnilsan, tamagnut tasnilsant, tanḍa tasnilsant, addud asnilsan. Deg uḥric wis ssin, nhedr-d ɣef umezruy n tmaziɣt, amek i d-yebda umennuɣ seg useggas n 1949 alama d aseggas n 2001. Aṭas n tedyanin i d-yeḍran uqbel akken ad tuɣal tmaziɣt d tutlayt taɣelnawt, wa ad tekcem di tmendawt tazzayrit. Deg uxeddim-agi nhedr-d ɣef tedyanin-agi : Taluft n tmaziɣt n 1949, tafsut n tmanyin, aseggas war taɣuri n 1994, tafsut taberkant n 2001. Deg uḥric wis kraḍ, nhedr-d ɣef uslugen (aseggem) asnilsan d waddud neɣ tamuɣli n kra n yimaziɣen ɣef temsalt-agi. Nefka-d kra n tmuɣliwin id-ibanen deg wannar, nefka-d daɣen tamuɣli n yiselmaden ; ama d Leqbayel, d Icawiyen neɣ d imẓabiyen. Deg uḥric wis ukuẓ i wumi nefka azwel : «tamaziɣt d yiwet tutlayt neɣ d aṭas n tutlayin ? ». Nesfehm-d deg-s awal-nni i d-yellan gar ssin wagrawen, ama d wid i d-yeqqaren belli tamaziɣt d yiwet tutlayt, neɣ wid i d-yeskadben tikti-agi, qqaren-d belli tamaziɣt tebḍa ɣef waṭas n tutlayin. Ilmend n waya, nehga-d ssin inadiyen : Anadi amenzu, neskels-d kraḍ iselmaden, yiwen d Aqbayli, yiwen d Acawi wayeḍ d Amẓabi, njemɛ-d ammud i wumi nexdem tasleḍt tansislit. Anadi wis ssin, nefka-d azal n tmidi d snat tmerwin d sdis (126) n wawalen, nesteqsa kraḍ iselmaden, Aqbayli, Acawi d umẓabi i wakken aɣ-d-fken azal n yal awal di tantala-nsen. Iswi n yinadiyen-agi d akenni gar tantaliwin n tmaziɣt i wakken ad nẓer anda ttemqarabent d wanda ttemgaradent.


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Gi tzehzit-a, ttcuqqiɣ tissegneft,
s ufilu n « min nwiɣ » bla ma ad tt-iniɣ,
ssewcɣ-tt i ureqqeɛ.
Qqaɛ min nnan izuhriyyen ur iffiɣ, ussan ṭṭawen.
Zi walu ar drust, lebda s wudem ittderraɛ aḍu.
Imɣar ubrid-a, izzugart, iccur s usḥissef d useɣdi.
Aqa-aneɣ mani nella, tif ad tt-nessen, ad tt-nini.
A nessers iḍaren gi tmurt, ad nini,
necnin d tarwa n wakud n ccek d udwal ar tkarmin
Zzga-nneɣ ittjiyyaf awalen
s uɛebbij n tisitin, nettṣennaɛ tudert.
Aẓuyet d ucetki mig danɣ ɣa nefɛen?
niɣ d axiyyeq ibeslen i nettyarḍ xmi netteffeɣ berra?
D aya i ɣer-neɣ: tasɣart-nneɣ zeg umezruy d uqettus n tmurt may nezdeɣ.
Iwa kkret ad nbeddet ɛawed x iḍaren-nnɣ.
ad slen i tmijja-nneɣ tejhed, tizdig.
Kkret ad nini min neɛna, ad daneɣ-isell umaḍal
xmi ɣa nsala, kul ijjen ad iyerḍ min kid-s dd-ittasen.
Ad iḍfer abrid-ines.
Ɛad d ci wer t-neggi.
Ɛad… kulci izmer ad yili.

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


text:
Takirgizit
Tutlayt takirgizit d nettat ay d tutlayt taɣelnawt n Kirgizistan, yernu ttmeslayen-tt wazal n 2 n yimelyunen n medden, Ikirgizen. Di tmura ay d-iqerben Kirgizistan llan diɣ waṭas n wid ay tt-yettmeslayen. Di lweqt i deg llan 150.000 n medden ay tt-yettmeslayen di Ccinwa, ladɣa di tama tafulmant (autonome) n Sinkiang-Uyiɣur, llant diɣ waṭas n trebbaɛ timecṭaḥ n Yikirgiziyen ay tt-yettmeslayen deg wetram (lɣerb) n Mungulya, di Kazaxestan, di Tajikistan akk d Uzbikistan. Nezmer diɣ ad naf kra di Afɣanistan, di ṭṭerk akk d Pakistan.
Tawacult-is[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Takirgizit d yiwet si tutlayin n twacult taṭerkit, dɣa tutlayin ay tt-icuban ṭṭuqqtent u nezmer ad d-nebder gar-asent taṭerkit, tazerit (n Azerbijan), tatatart (n Tatarestan, di Rusya), tawigurt (ay ttmeslayen di Ccinwa), tuzbikit n Uzbikistan akk d waṭas n tiyaḍ, d acu kan, tutlayt i ɣer tettemcabi aṭas, d takazaxit ay ttmeslayen s umata di Kazaxestan. Tawacult n tutlayin tiṭerkiyin d tawacult meqqren i deg llant waṭas n tutlayin n Asya, yernu ttekkant deg-s ula d tutlayt tamungulit, u llan wid ay yesqeben ula d takurit akk d tjapunit ɣer twacut-a.
Tintalyin-is[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Takirgizit tesɛa snat n tentalyin timeqqranin, tin n ugafa (nord) akk d tin n wenẓul (sud). Takirgizit tizeɣt (standard) d tin ay d-yufraren si tentala n ugafa, yernu llan deg-s waṭas n wawalen ay d-yekkan si tmungulit akk d tkazaxit, di lweqt i deg tantala n wenẓul, ad naf deg-s aṭas n wawalen ay d-yekkan si tuzbikit akk d tutlayin tir'aniyin am tfarsit (perse) akk d ttaǧikit.
Tasɣent (ddur') n tkirgizit di tmetti[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Xas tesseqdec tutlayt takirgizit agemmay aɛr'ab i tallit ɣezzifen deg umezruy, maca alammi d tallit tasuvyatit ay yettwaxdem leqdic i lmend n ussizeɣ (standardisation) n tutlayt-agi akken ad tuɣal ad tettuseqdac, ɣer tama n trusit, deg uselḥu n lumur' timenṣabin n Tegduda Tasuvyatit n Kirgizistan. Ass-a, takirgizit lemmden-tt warrac alamma d aswir n tesnawit (lycée). Ma di tesdawit, asselmed yettili-d ama s trusit neɣ s tkirgizit, ɣef leḥsab n yinurar n tmusni. Di 1926, ala kan 5% seg yimezdaɣen n Kirgizistan ay yellan ssnen ad ɣren u ad arun di lweqt i deg 67% seg yimezdaɣen n tmurt d wid yettmeslayen takirgizit, ma di 1970, wwḍen wid yessnen ad ɣren ɣer 100%, di lweqt i deg wid yettmeslayen takirgizit neqsen-d ɣer 44% di tallit-nni. Anect-a yeḍra-d imi nnernan yemdanen n yegduden nniḍen ay d-yettasen ɣer Kirgizistan, dɣa nnig n Yirusiyen ay yebdan zeddɣen tamurt-a si lqern wis 19, asmi teɣli s dd! a w n leḥkem arusi, rnan usan-d aṭas n yemdanen nniḍen di tallit tasuvyatit, yernu merr'a igduden-agi d tarusit ay llan sseqdacen-tt wagar-asen. D acu kan, seg wasmi ay tewwi Kirgizistan azarug-is di 1991, ar ass-a, bdan ttanqasen Yirusiyen si Kirgizistan. Mbeɛd ma llan 22% seg yimezdaɣen n Kirgizistan d Irusiyen di 1990, wwḍen di 2001 ɣer 15%, maca tazrirt-nsen (influence) mazal teǧhed, yernu tutlayt-nsen d yiwet si tutlayin iǧehden akk di tmurt.
Uqbel ma teḍra-d Tegrawla Tarusit n 1917, tella tkirgizit ur tesɛi ula d yiwen n weɣmis. Ma di 1983, tuɣal tkirgizit tesɛa 61 n yeɣmisen akk d 16 n tesɣunin, am wakken ay d-ffɣen 513 n yedlisen s tkirgizit deg useggas-nni. Kirgizistan tesɛa diɣ tiregwa n rr'adyu akk d tilibizyu yettmeslayen s tkirgizit.
Amezruy[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Di lqern wis 8 ay d-tettwabder tkirgizit i tikkelt tamenzut deg umezruy, deg yiwet n tirawt (inscription) yuran s ṭṭerkit taqburt di Asya Talemmast. Di tallit-nni, llan lejdud n Yikirgiziyen ttidiren di tama taɛlayant n wasif n Yenisey, deg ugafa n Mungulya, d yiwet n tama ay d-yuzgan ass-a di Sibirya, yernu tira tiṭerkiyin tiqburin ay d-ufan deg wemkan-nni qqaren-d yimassanen d akken d nitni ay tent-yedǧan.
Asmi ay smeɣren Yimunguliyen amenkud-nsen (Empire) yernu kecmen ɣer waṭas n tmura ay rẓan neɣ rwin-tent, rewlen Yikirgiziyen s anẓul, ɣer tama n yidurar n Tien Shan, d tama i deg d-tuzga ass-a Kirgizistan. D acu kab, ula d tamurt-a ur temniɛɛ ara seg yegduden iṭerkiyen akk d Yimunguliyen ay tt-id-ikecmen acḥal d abrid yernu srewlen aḥric seg Yikirgiziyen ɣer Turkestan (Sinkiang ay teḥkem Ccinwa ass-a). Xas ma yella di tlemmast n lqern wis 18, tella Kirgizistan d aḥric itebɛen s yisem ɣer Ccinwa, maca tamurt-a tella tesɛa tilelli meqqren. Mbeɛd ma tesɛedda Kirgizistan tallit wezzilen s ddaw n leḥkem n yegduden iṭerkiyen n Asya Talemmast, teɣli ger n yifassen n Umenkud Arusi, d ayen ay yeddkan kra n yemsiwlen n tkirgizit ad rewlen ɣer Afɣanistan akk d yidurar n Pamir. Assebded n Tdukli Tasuvyatit yegla-d s ccwal meqqren imi ay refden Yikirgiziyen leslaḥ akken ad nnaɣen ɣef tlelli-nsen, d acu kan, iɣil ay sxedmen Yirusiyen mgal-nsen yessaweḍ aṭas n Yikirgiziyen ad rewlen ɣer Ccinwa. Di 1919, tuɣal Kirgizistan d aḥric si tegduda tanemlayt (socialiste) tasuvyatit n Turkman, sakin, di 1936, tuɣal d tagduda i yiman-is, d yiwet si xmesṭac-nni n tegdudyin n Tdukli Tasuvyatit. Deg wass n 31 ɣect n 1991, tuɣal Kirgizistan d tamurt timziregt, u tuɣal d tamaslaḍt (membre) di Tmetti n Yiwunak Imzirgen (Communauté des Etats Indépendants) ay d-yettusbedden mbeɛd ma teɣli Tdukli Tasuvyatit.
Tamselyut[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Di mondeberbere.com Sɣur Omar MOUFFOK
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Takirgizit". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.


text:
Sideg - Asideg aqbayli n ifecka umḍinen ⵣ
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text:
D tikkelt tamezwarut i d-yella Usqif n udlis “Lmulud At Mɛemmer” di tɣiwant n At Yanni i tsuddes Tddukla tadelsant d wuraren n yilmeẓyen n uxxam n yilmeẓyen KEDDAC Ɛli n At Yanni. Ahil yefreq ɣef teɣzi n krad n wussan 08, 09 akked 10 yebrir 2021. Ihi di temlilit-agi akked tsekla, rzan-d aṭas n yimyura ama d wid mucaɛen ama d wid i d-ilulen d imaynuten. Rzan-d daɣen yixxamen n tezrigin deg-sen: IMAL, LA PENSÉE, FRANTZ FANON, KOUKOU, IMTIDAD, IMRU, APIC, CASA, ACHAB, TAFAT…atg.
Yellad wahil d amerkanti, isaragen d uskasi s ɣur Amin Zaouii, Tiziri Bachir, Tanina Ḥelouane d wiyaḍ. Asenzi n yidlisen s ubuddu akked yimraḥen n tira, timucuha, unuɣ, ayrad, asaru n wunuɣ, taɣuri deg temkerḍit ileḥḥun n Tenmehla n yidles n ugezdu n Tizi Uzzu. Yella-d diɣ ccna, tamedyazt, timsizzliyin (asteqti/tiririt) ɣef yidles gar yinelmaden n uɣerbaz alemmas d timlilit akked yinaẓuren d yimyura. Ad nesnemmer wid d tid yakk iqedcen deg yiswi i wakken ad tefrari ṛreḥba-agi n udlis di tezrigt-is tamezwarut. Leqdic-agi d ayen igerẓen ama i tsekla, ama i yidles, ama i yilmeẓyen. Imi yesɛa azal meqqren deg usnerni n tmusni d useḥbiber ɣef tira d tɣuri n yidlisen.
“Imɣan, i wakken ad imɣuren, ḥwaǧen aman. Aman n wallaɣ d tamussni”
Chanez Daḥlal


text:
Arkawal n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen
Yettwazmel (yettwastenyi) Werkawal n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen deg wass n 26 yunyu 1945 di temdint n San Francisco deg tegrayt n umedru n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen ɣef unagraw n tsudut tagreɣlan, yuɣal d ulkim deg wass n 24 tuber 1945. anagraw agejdan n tsenbert n teɣdemt tagreɣlant d amur asemmad i werkawal-a
Deg wass n 17 dujamber 1963, Agraw Amatu n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen yegguni asegged d iɣewwaṛen yettuskecmen ɣef yimagraden 23 d 27 d 61 n werkawal i yuɣalen d ulkimen deg 31 ɣuct 1965. Akken id tegguni deg wass n 20 dujamber 1965 ɣef iɣewwaren yettuskecmen ɣef umagrad 109 yuɣalen d ulkim deg 12 yunyu 1968
Asrgged n umagrad wis 23 d win i d-iɣtsen s tmerniwt wuṭṭun n yigmamen n useqqamu n tɣellist seg mraw d yiwen (11) n yigmamen ar mraw smmus (15) n yigmamen


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Takmant n melyun dular, niɣ mala nerzu a nini tidet, melyun d wezgen ɛad, ad teffeɣ di lmecta-ya di Shangay.
Lebda neqqar aqa ttsebbaben day-neɣ s tkumam-a n Kuruna. Ijjen tecdaḍt n tcuqet teḍfes, turem. Wer dag-s ula d azgen n tseɛɛet n lxedmet maca tettmenza s wanict n min tsekk°a tfunast d yelli-s akid-s.
Maca rbix ameqqran a tig Isaac Levy, ijjen bu-wureɣ di temdint-a n Cina. Mamec i ɣa tili tekmant-a n melyun? Yenna belli tettawi 250g n wureɣ d 3500 n idyamanten. Ula d filter rrin-as taynit. Ad yili zi marka N-99. Wexxa a das-tinid d taqessert. Netta Levy yeqqar belli axarres-a ifekk-it zeg umxumbel n usizi. Ixdem x-as netta d ixeddamen-nnes bac a tt-ikemmel qbel ad yeffeɣ usegg°as.


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Asmaa Aouttah
Xmi i nessawal x tesɣart n temɣart gi tlelli d umquddi jer-as-dd d yewdan nneɣni, nessawal x manaya, x « tlelli ». Taɣensa x tɣawsa n temɣart tewwi abrid d azegrar aṭṭas, g-s iẓergawen msewḍan bezzaf x wayawya.
Iḍa, ad tilid d tilellit ur ixis ci ad yini, ad tfssled axarres d tudert x yijj n lqaleb d ijjen. Ad teddred amaknaw i tedder flana-yin niɣ flana-ya. Ad tilid tamɣart d tilellit, ixs ad yini: ad teḥkem ixf-ines s yexf-ines, ad tilid d timanit. Ad terrey gi ddat-ines d wakud-ines d min txes ad tegg zi tudert-ines. Ur illi d lḥeqq a das-nini i temɣart, ha timelsa i cem ɣa yerren d tilellit, ha tudert i cem ɣa yerren d tilellit. Amuk ur nzemmer a das-nini i temɣart-a: cem d tiellit, i temɣart-in nneɣni: cem ur tellid d tilellit.
Awal-a iwwi-ay ɣar-s aṭṭas zi min qqareɣ d tzemmimin n ufaysbuk g-sen ya adaḥi s yijj n umudil n temɣart d useɣḍel zi wenneɣni, ya s uḍrrun. S umdya:
,,Tamɣart tilellit d tenni i ittirḍen arruḍ atrar, awruppi, acewwaf d aɛeryan, ilaxiriha, » niɣ: ,,tamɣart tilellit d tenni i iṣṣaren ddat-ines d ucewwaf-ines. »
Wi iqqaren manaya? Azgen ameqqran d irgazn, maca ula d ci zi temɣarin.
Manaya g uxezzar-inu qqaren-as « axemmem ababat-paternaliste« . Min neɛna necnin, d irgazen niɣ d timɣarin ḥuma a das-nini i temɣart ha mux ixessa ad tilid? Ijjt n twala a tt-nesɛuryen, ijjt n twala a das-neɣmes, amaknaw d ci n teslit n uɣanim. Manaya g-s tikkest n teqcurt talsant x temɣart mix neddaḥa nesɣuyyu. S yisem n tɣensa x tlelli, nettekkes-as i temɣart tilelli-ines ad tedder muk texsed.
Min iɛna min x-neɣ a negg malla necnin d tidet nɣennes x tesɣart n bnadem?
- A nefsar tussna x min ittawin tamɣart d wargaz ur ttilin mquddan. Manis i dd-ikka manaya, maɣar igga amya, wi t-ittijjan iqseḥ i ubeddel?
- A das-negg tizza i sistim awetman s uxarres asebḥan d tlelli tidettit gi tudert maci g wawal.
- A nsell i wayaywa mseqqem, irgazn d temɣarin. Mizi tararayt « ljawab » x min daneɣ ileqfen, rid ɣer-s ijj n wudem waha.
- A nweqqer awal d ufran n temɣart, mizi awal ameggaru ɣer-s i yella.
- A nweqqer tamɣart gi min tixḍar i tudert-ines waxxa ur daneɣ-iɛjib: traḥ a lebḥer s burkini niɣ s bikini niɣ s nniqab niɣ traḥ ur tudif g waman niɣ ur triḥ ci qqaɛ. Mala d wenni d afran-ines, necnin ittɣima-neɣ illa a nweqqer, mala rid d afran-ines, ixessa-aneɣ a nesɣuy ag uɣezdis-ines maci s yisem-ines.
- Ag uɣezdis n tɣensa x umquddi jer n temɣart d wergaz, din taɣensa x tseqqar nneɣni amakanw tudert n ugmmir (lkarama); warẓẓelḍ, warafraz s msibba n kulur niɣ awir n tɣuri niɣ laṣl niɣ tamagit niɣ, … Taɣensa x manaya tettawi-dd taɣensa x tikkest n sisitim akapitalsit issersen ddsas n tudert-nneɣ marra.
- A nesseqsa ixf-nneɣ, umi neqqar tilelli d umquddi. Ma ixessa a nawi g wayawya marra idneɣ amaknaw qabsat n tidi niɣ ad nemqudda gi tseqqar (tiɣri, liɛic, ṣṣeḥḥet, lxedmet, ..), a nemsebḍa (malla nxes) gi muk nexs a nesken udem-nneɣ i umaḍal.
- A nweqqer imsebḍan imeẓẓyanen umi ur netterri taynit. Maca netnin ɣer-sen ddqel d ameqqran gi tudert-nneɣ: bnadem « ameɛḍur »/bnadem ur g-s bu lɛḍar, bnadem awessar/bnadm ameẓẓyan, bnadem ideqlen/bnadm ifsusen, … Maɣar? Mizi takapitaliyt teslemd-aneɣ a namen s bnadm icedden, ibedden, i das-tteggen min texs ḥuma ad tugur. Ḥedd nnɣni amaknaw timɣarin iqqimen gi tudrin, amkanaw timɣarin tiwessura, amaknaw timɣarin timeɛḍurin, amaknaw timɣarin tiqebbuzin, … ur das-ttsellikent i ukapital, issanaf-iten, itteggen-anɣ ula i necnin tacbabt x tiṭṭawin ḥuma a tent-nessinef.
S uyenni, zdat ma a nessiwel, a neḥkem, a neḍḥek… a nxarres cwayt.


text:
Xellseɣ adrar s idammen-iw
Ad yeqqim later-iw
Xas gullen ard at-sefden
Wid yettganin di lmut-iw, yessamsen isem-iw
Kul tizi a yi-d-mlilen
Atas i ggiɣ si lḥeqq-iw armi i qqwleɣ seg yilexxaxen
Wteɣ, dliɣ ɣef nnif-iw ufiɣ wigad i t-yesxewden
Xas yeǧǧa lgehd iɣallen-iw
Mazal ssut-iw ad yebbaƐzeq... as-d-slen !
Nnan : " yeqqers-ed wedrar keččini ur teḥdired ara "
Bnadem i bnadem yeqqar : " d amenzu n yennayer ass-a "(2)
Teggugeged tmurt am lefnar di Tizi tressa rrehba
Di Bgayet yeṭṭerḍeq waƐbar ; rzan azaglu n tlufa
A leƐmer-iw, a leƐmer-iw... d idurar ay d leƐmer-iw !
Annaɣ, mennaɣ win iḥedren xersum ad ẓẓegeɣ awal !
Lemḥayen i diyi-yuɣen uɣalent-iyi d ras-lmal (2)
Imi Leqbayel ddukklen yir laâyub a ten-sefden ;
Ul ayɣar teɣwzi n wawal
Tamaziɣt d lsas nnsen, d azar n tudert nnsen
D lweqt ad ferzen lecɣal
A leƐmer-iw, a leƐmer-iw... d idurar ay d leƐmer-iw !
Xas yeččeḥ wul-iw, maƐdur, gar awen imi ur ḥdireɣ ara
Atas ig Ɛebba yeççur, zzay ur yezmir ara (2)
Yebɣa ad as-d-slen laârur,
Widen ara yeççen ahicur ma'akka tuzdag nnaƐma
Win i s-yennan : awhid meḥqur ,
A d-yas a d-izid lehdur m'akka ɣuri i d-terza sseḥḥa
A leƐmer-iw, a leƐmer-iw... d idurar ay d leƐmer-iw !
" Yir lehdur ṣeffden ddnub ", i d-nnan imezwura
Ul ayɣar a ttfeɣaddud i wayen ur nesƐi lmaƐna (2)
Ad yuɣal ad yeḥlu ufud, ad as-teslem i wegrud ad yetɣenni ɣef Timmuzɣa
Ayen i ɣ-d-yegga Dda Lmulud deg yigenni iban-ed am rrƐud
Wiss' ma tḥulfam i tmeqwa...
A leƐmer-iw, a leƐmer-iw... d idurar ay d leƐmer-iw !
Les montagnes sont ma vie !
Paroles2Chansons dispose d’un accord de licence de paroles de chansons avec la Société des Editeurs et Auteurs de Musique (SEAM)


text:
Anden
Idurar n Anden neɣ Andes (s Tespanyult: Cordillera de los Andes) d azrar n idurar ɣeziffen, Yeččuṛen d ifarnuyen, yezga-d deg umalu n Temrikt n Wenẓul, azal n teɣezi-ynes yessaweṭ ar 8000 n yikilumtren seg Venezuela arma d tigzirt n Wakal n Tmes. D tehri n 500 km, Akken daɣen illan-t tqacucin ugarent 5000 m di teflel
Adrar iflalen (iɛlayen) akk deg wezrar n Anden d taqacuct n Aconcagua s teflel n 6.959 n imitren
Imezdaɣ[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Azal ameqran n wid yettidiren deg idurar n Anden d Imezdaɣ iẓaṛanen n Marikan, ddren deg yegnan iflalen ay d-yezgan gar idurar-nni seg tkerrazt (tfellaḥt) yerna ssajjawen kra seg yifarisen-nsen am Tneɣlust, am akken ay ddren daɣen seg tkessawt.
Akal d iylan[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Akal n idurar-a n Anden ur ylullesn ara, Maca yeččuṛ d imɣuzen yerna llan waṭas n telmas n yemɣuzen am iɣir, uzzal akk d Afitṛul


text:
Awar n Arebbi s Tmazight n Arrif
Ṯarifiṯ
Vous êtes ici
Izȓan n nnabi Dawed s ṯmaziɣṯ n Arrif (Tarifit)
Ca n yizȓan n nnabi Dawed tarjmen ḏanita s ṯmaziɣṯ n Arrif, iƹni ṯarifiṯ.
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Izȓi wis 1 zi Zzabur n Siḏna Dawed s ṯmaziɣṯ n Arrif (ṯarifiṯ).
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Izȓi wis 8 zi Zzabur n Siḏna Dawed s ṯmaziɣṯ n Arrif (ṯarifiṯ).
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Izȓi wis 23 zi Zzabur n Siḏna Dawed s ṯmaziɣṯ n Arrif (ṯarifiṯ).
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Izȓi wis 51 zi Zzabur n Siḏna Dawed s ṯmaziɣṯ n Arrif (ṯarifiṯ).
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Izȓi wis 56 zi Zzabur n Siḏna Dawed s ṯmaziɣṯ n Arrif (ṯarifiṯ).
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Izȓi wis 57 zi Zzabur n Siḏna Dawed s ṯmaziɣṯ n Arrif (ṯarifiṯ).
Droits d'auteur © 2021, Awar n Arebbi s Tmazight n Arrif


text:
Artiste / groupe : Matoub Lounes
Genre : kabyle
Vrai nom : Lounes MATOUB
Naissance le : 23/01/1956
Mort : Assassiné le 25 juin 1998
Paroles : Amenni / Matoub Lounes
Ajoutées par : tilleli92
Ma d ṛṛsas ig-neqqen aqli ur muteɣ ara
Ma d lehlak id xelqen ur iyi zdiɣ ara
Widen igullen ad iyi simsen ula d elmut-a
Xas semḥeɣ-asen tsemḥem-asen ur tettuɣ-ara
U ḥeq idamen-iw yuzlen di lbaṭel
Aked d tameṭṭut-iw d taqrurt qrib teǧǧel
Ay ur rriɣ aḍar ay ibɣun iṣar imi d leqbayel
Ma d lkumisar neɣ aǧadarmi n elɛar ur s-kniɣ i ddel
Zik ttaggadeɣ gma ad iy-iɣdeṛ
Ass-agi thedneɣ s-idis-iw yeḥdeṛ
M-ig isla ttewteɣ ṛzeɣ nṭaṛṛeɣ di ttnasfa n Ǧaṛǧeṛ
Yenna-yi ad suɣeɣ tarwa-k att id jemɛeɣ ag-d naɣ leɛmeṛ
Teǧǧuǧeg tamurt-iw tnesred tafat
Xas yeda leɛmeṛ-iw dduklent tuyat
Tamaziɣt tban iserreḥ-as-d zman xas ḥarcet ɣur-wet
A widak yeɣran beddet asen i imeɣban zizdeget tasweɛt


text:
« Aselway n Tegduda, Aɣella anafella n Tdusiwin tumrigin, aneɣlaf n Temḥaddit taɣelnawt, Mass Abdelmadjid Tebboune, ad yesselwi ass n Usamas (lḥedd) 07 Meɣres 2021, yiwet n temlilit n Usqamu n yineɣlafen, ara yerzun yiwen n usenfar n warra n usaḍuf agmanan yerzan anhil afranan », i neɣra deg ulɣu.
Ad yesselwi Uselway n Tebboune ass n Usamas yiwet n temlilit n Usqamu n yineɣlafen
LEZZAYER TAMANEƔT - Aselway n Tegduda, Aɣella anafella n Tdusiwin tumrigin, aneɣlaf n Temḥaddit taɣelnawt, Mass Abdelmadjid Tebboune, ad yesselwi ass n Usamas (lḥedd) yiwet n temlilit n Usqamu n yineɣlafen, i d-yenna ass n Usiḍyas (ssebt) yiwen n ulɣu n Tselwit n Tegduda.


text:
Mirkur nɣ Azwaq iga amtiwg i kullu imẓẓin ɣ unagraw anafuk d uttayn ur iṭṭaf awd kra n unzwi i ra yas iḥḍu tirɣi, ɣikan af a nttafa tasna n uzwaq ar ttlmaway amzaray ɣ tsk°fal n tirɣi i kullu imqqurn gr imtiwgn n unagraw ad.
Ar ittnunnt uzwaq zund kra n itri n zikk nɣd win tdgg°at ɣ wakal, macc icqqa bahra a ittuẓṛa acku yaẓ nn i tfukt, d waxxa ɣikan, nẓḍaṛ att nkid d att nanni snat tikkal ɣ usgg°as: ɣ tldrar (tafsut) dar timdllst d ɣ umwan dat n awjim.
Tanɣa n uzwaq
Ifrki n uzwaq trwas ultmas ɣ wayyur nnɣ iɣ llan isaffn ..., imẓṛiyyn ittuẓlan i yifrki n tsna d gan t kigan n tiwririn tukmirin xttilli iẓḍaṛn mas yadli igan ul n uzwaq d taduli isiṣmiḍn d ar ittimẓi ffir n iɣ imyamaẓ ifrki.
Wul
Tuqqna yattuyn n uzwaq inza mas d ul nns iga anbɣur s uzzal, uggar n ku imtiwgn wiyyaḍ ɣ unagraw nnɣ anafuk.


text:
Verwandte Wörter / Bedeutung: amsel
amsel brutverhalten, amsel gesang, amsel fashion, amsel dirndl, amsel ms, amsel englisch, amsel alter, amsel steckbrief, amsel brutzeit, amsel drossel, drossel, die amsel, amsel vogel, brutzeit amsel, steckbrief amsel, amseln, amsel und drossel, amsel bilder, gesang amsel, unterschied amsel drossel, amsel füttern, star vogel, junge amsel, amsel bild, amsel kreuzworträtsel, amsel synonym, amsel übersetzungen, amsel grammatik, amsel bedeutung, amsel auf türkisch, amsel auf albanisch


text:
Arrif
Arrif neɣ Arif d tamnaḍt tamsedrart tezga-d di ugafa n Lmerruk, tessajja ɣef Yilel agrakal, zeddɣen deg-s 4 imelyan n yimezdaɣ yessawalen Tamaziɣt.
Seg yiɣerman imeqqṛanen i yellan di temnaḍt n Arrif Ameqqran ɣer-neɣ: Nnaḍur, Lḥusima, Miḍar, Targist, Azɣenɣan, Seřwan, Zayyu, Aɛarwi, Driwec, At Buɛeyyac, Qasita, Imzuren d Ajdir.
Idurar n Arif udsen ar idurar n Ordillera Bética n wenẓul n Spenya. Akken daɣen i yudsen ɣer Yidurar n Waṭlas maca wer qqinen ɣur-sen wer llin d-amur deg-sen. Gar-asen tella Taza.
Iwdan yessawalen Tamaziɣt Tarifant di Arif qqaren i yiman-nsen “Imaziɣen” neɣ “Irifiyen”, maca tutlayt nsen qqaṛen as “Tamaziɣt” mačči "Tarifit". Iwdan n berra i Arif d nitni i d-as-yeqqaren Tarifit.
Tiwsatin (tiqbilin) n Arif[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- At Weryaɣel zdat n Ajdir d Elḥusima, di tama en Iɣzer Uɣis.
- Igzennayen: di tama en Aknul, seg utaram n Ibḍalsen.
- At Ciker (At Cicer)
- At Sidal (Ayt Sidař)
- Ikebdanen (Icebdanen).
- Ibḍalsen (Ibḍařsen / Imḍalsen), deg wegmuḍ n At Buyeḥyi.
- At Sɛid, deg utaram seg Iɣzer n Kert .
- At Uliccek (Ayt Uřiccek), southwest of Temsaman.
- Temsaman, di tama n temdint nni.
- At Weryaɣel (Ayt Weryaɣeř) deg wegmuḍ n Ibeqquyen.
- At Ɛemmart, deg wenẓul n At Weryaɣel.
- Targist, anẓul n At Weryaɣel.
- At Bufraḥ, deg wegmuḍ n At Yeṭṭeft.
- Ibeqquyen, deg utaram n At Weryaɣel.
- At Yeṭṭeft, deg wegmuḍ n Bades.
- At Buyeḥyi, ataram n yiɣẓer n Melwit.


text:
Azgen Amzwar: Tamɣart gi lḥirak n Arrif (1)
Azgn zg umnni a ila uriɣ t ci n sin n isggʷasn zggʷami, ittwafsar gi tzwara n udlis « jr n tnifst d tmssi, asirm ur ixssi, awal ur ikssi), zdat ins ittwafsr gi tsɣunt Nisae. Azgn nnɣni uriɣ t iḍa.
Zdat n lḥirak
Zdat n tmnɣiwt n Muhsin Fikri, iwdan n Arrif ila twwḍ gsn ar yiɣs. ẓẓlḍ, warlxdmt, tirrẓa n tirja n Arrif, gi tgumi, x iẓra n ixrriqn n wi ittḥkamn. G umkan n tuzzgzwt llajur, g umkan n lxdmt tifawin ittbsissiqn, g umkan n tdlsa isnsutn d isccutn. Bnadm arifi iqqim d wnni, layas isɛan iwdan ad nɣn ixf nsn niɣ ad ucn ixf i yilel ad as drrɛn as tisfay ḥuma ad awḍn ar ujmmaḍ in niɣ ur ttiwḍn. Xlli g ufaysbuk tifraz n ci istartur ila bdant ttbanent idd s tzmmimin, ifidyutn…
Manaya ittkkn x ufgan arifi ittaɣ g irgazn ittaɣ gi tmɣarin, kif kif. Nẓra timɣarin zmmnt gi llistat n ulqaḍ n lxrif gi Sbanya mani xsnt ittk sbɛa d rbɛa, timɣarin ḥrrgnt gi tɣrruba, timɣarin xmdnt lxdaym n ddll d usḥqr, … Wami ittwanɣ Muhsin Fikri, iwdan ila wjdn, aqa tn x lsbab, s urgaz s tmɣart. Muk ittwanɣ Muhsin Fikri ula d ntta, issnhzz alliɣ n takayt, s lḥugra, ila iqqimn tlbt ar irgazn d tmɣarin nnɣni.
Tinin d tina, d tinni ila iwjdn zi mlmi, d tina d timɣarin i yucin i lḥirak udm d amaynu g umzruy n inhzzitn n Arrif. Udm n umquddi d usmuni.
Tifraz n lḥirak
Lḥirak n Arrif, waxxa ilul dd muk dd ilul, zg umzgaru issrs ddsas i ci n tfraz ur tnt nennim g inhzzitn nnɣni iɛdan. Manaya bddn ɣrs imrzutn d tmrzutin s usfsi, ɛad ad ɣrs bddn, nc ɣir ttidarɣ dd ci zgsnt, amuk nẓrr zi lagwwaj d muk tnt idd ṣṣiwḍn imɣnas d tmɣnas n lḥirak, ḥuma ad iban uswizi n tmɣart:
– Lḥirak d acɛbi.
Lḥirak n Arrif ur illi n ijjt n tgrawt n iwdan waha amaknaw inhzziyn mix ssiwlɣ g uzgn amzgaru n umnni a. Zi wass amzgaru udfn gs iwdan zi ṭtrf. ɣrin niɣ ur ɣrin, qqarn niɣ xddmn, zi kul aklaṣi n lxdaym d iswirn n tɣuri, mẓyn niɣ mɣrn, ɣrsn tizmmar kmlnt niɣ d imɛḍar, zi tmdint niɣ zi lkambu. Waxxa aswizi, gs, ila imṣbḍa zi bandm ar wnnɣni, maca lḥirak yuca asn awal i ywdan ila ur ttiwḍn ar « umikrufun » i kssin imɣnas n wahli. Awal nsn d wnni d awal i ttfhamn iwdan ur iɣrin. Ur gs bu umawal iqsḥ niɣ yujr tizmmar n lfhamt nsn niɣ iggʷj x tudrt nsn. D manaya i issidsn lḥirak ar iwdan, ijj it ad izdɣ ulawn nsn.
– Lḥirak d ilelli x ikabarn d tmsmunin:
Mix dd yusa lḥirak d min ittettr d iwdan i t isbddn ur iqqin ar ula d ijj n unsfar asrtan/abulitik (projet politique) n ci n ukabar gi lmɣrib. Manaya ila qqarn t lbda imɣnas d tmɣnas n tgrawt ibddn x lḥirak. Tismin x timanit n lḥirak ila d timqqranin. Tamslayt a, tgga asn imxumbal bzzaf n twalatin, maca imcrak d tmcrak tɛjb asn mizi ila uẓan ɣrsn ikabarn i d asn ibbkn x wul zi mlmi, ur d asn ggin walu.
– Lḥirak issara Arrif ikml. Maci innuɣ ɣir gi tmdint n Biyya niɣ timdinin nnɣni. Yuca i ldcur, inni yudsn d inni iggʷjn. Yudf tudrin tirifiyyin ijjtn ijjtn. Isnhzz ulawn n tmɣarin d irgazn mani ma. Ismun tiwacunin x tirjit d ijjtn.
– Aswjd d uxmmem ila rid nnuffrn (lbda ɛla ḥsab min dd tṣṣiwḍ tracca n wantirnit). Ila ttuqiɛn g imukan rẓmn, izmmr ad gsn icark wi ixsn. ɛawd ila smutuyn dd imsaggarn gi llayf amuk ɣa ssnen, marra imzdaɣ d tmzdaɣ n umaḍal azgza, min din. Manaya irnu issids lḥirak ar ulawn d lɛql n iwdan n Arrif, isshwn acrak n widan, timɣarin d irgazn, dags.
Axzzar ajindari gi lḥirak n Arrif
Axzzar ajindari gi marra min ittwaggn s uflla n tmurt ikssi amnus i tmslayin a:
Wi ittggn? Ma tcrk tmɣart ag wargaz gi min ittwaggn niɣ tḥṭṭar am tnbjiwt waha. Manaya ittawi anɣ ar ijjt n tmslayt nnɣni. Ma rzzun tamɣart i twlaft, ḥuma ad ittwanna qa min ittwaggn ibna x umquddi jr n tmɣart d wargaz, niɣ rzzun tamɣart i tmɣart? Tamɣart ma tggn as g umkan, nttat ur din tlli niɣ aqa tt din maca tettfurruj waha, ma tettgg ula d nttat i ixf ins d iwdan nnɣni.
Gi lḥirak waxxa ma imkn tamɣart ila ur ɣrs bu ufus gi tanukkra tamzgarut, maca zi ssin tsawnt, nufa timɣarin aqa tnt ag uɣzdis n irgazn ssawalnt, ttggnt ul g iwdan, sswjadnt macca, snbjiwnt imɣnas idd ittasn zg imukan iggʷjn, ttffɣnt idd gi llayf, ttṣwwarnt, smuttuynt idd inɣmisn, atg. Miyya gi miyya, kkint dd dg iẓra x ubrid a i wwint. Ulabud din iwdan imkn ur qbiln x ucrak nsnt, amuk ittmsar manima. Maca mala nwwi x min nẓra d min nsla, ila ɣrsnt amuk qqarn awal d tmijja (voix et vote). Timgahrin a rid udrusnt, nssawal x waṭṭaṣ n tmɣnas zi kul amkan gi Arrif, udfnt gi min ittwasmman s tgrawt isswjdan. Acrak n tmɣart gi lḥirak ila xs amstfaq d amqqran (lijmaɛ) jr n iwdan. Marra nɛql x cciɛar i kssin lbda, ɛad lux kssin t: tahiyya nidaliya llimar2a rrifiya. Ila nttsla i wi iqqarn qa aydud arifi irra dd tnni taqdimt wami ila tamɣart tbdd ag wargaz g ussan n tnzbayt niɣ wami ila timaziɣin bddnt g udm n iḥwwasn.
Ag usqsi « wi ittggn lḥirak » yugl usqsi x wikd ila ssawaln imɣnas d tmɣnas n lḥirak xmi ssawaḍn tibratin nsn i waydud. Ma ssawaln/t xlli ag tmɣart niɣ ḥssbn/t ila argaz ismun kulci. Wa d ijj n uɣzdis ixssa as ɛawd tarzut d ussli i yinawn iɛdan. S tazzla, nzmmar ad nini ila kulci idnɣ nɛql ila inni d tinni issawaln lbda qqarn aytma/suytma. Drus mani tettun « suytma ». Ad nidar tmijja n Nabil Ahamjik ntta itɣnnaj « jina u ḥtajjina » ulabud ila ad yini « fus g fusu a irgazn n tlelli, fus g fus a timɣarin n tlelli ». Maca ɛad ixssa ad scmxn amawal n umquddi gi marra tiguriwin d uxzzar ajindari s usmuti n isntal izdɣn alli d wul n tmɣart tarifit.
Muk t ttggn? Qqaɛ min yudfn g uswjd d usnbji d ulaɣi … i lḥirak, ma iksi gs amnus i tmɣart ḥuma ad xs isshwn acrak gs ma lla. Tifraz n lḥirak mix ssiwlɣ s nnj, arẓam ins i marra iwdan min ma ɛnan, muk ma illa uswir nsn n tɣuri, mani ma zdɣn…, ila d aɛraḍ i tmɣarin ad ilint g ijj n unhzzi ttqiddan gs qqaɛ iwdan. Manaya ittijja timɣarin ad gsnt yili imzri ad ilint g ummas n tmskanin ur gsnt bu lfrz d usɣḍl zi ccan n ḥdd. Tawlaft n tmaɣart tamɣnast ur tqqim tnnuɣ ɣir g ijj n uklaṣi: tamɣart iɣran, issawaln taɛrabt tjhd s wawaln jhdn… Awal n wul zi walliɣ n ttamara d wnni d awal ila ittawḍn. Imkn ula d asttf n tmɣarin wḥḥdsnt x uzllif n inhzzitn isslɣeɣ ul n irgazn, ikks asn tiggʷdi zg umxllaṭ, amuk isɛan timɣarin ittsdḥan niɣ ttagint x umxllṭ ad crknt, waxxa maci kulci timɣarin ila ttmunent ar umzgaru n tmskanin. Nttzmmam x lḥirak d irgazn n lḥirak ila min kkin iwdan ttfɣn ɛmmars ur innɛdd ḥdd x ci n tmɣart, awqqar ila d amqqran i tmɣarin gi lḥirak.
Maci kulci rbunt ddql d ijjn gi lḥirak, maca nzmmar ad nini drus i iqqimn gi tudrin zi tmgahrin n Arrif. D tidt din imukan mani ɛmmars ur tffiɣ tmɣart. maca din ula d imukan ɛmmars ila ur gsn tffiɣ, gi lḥirak txdm itt. Ixssa ɛad tarzut (mala ur tt iggi ḥdd) gi ttafaṣil n uswjd a: ma akud d umkan n imsaggarn ila ittwalam timɣarin, ma amur n wawal n tmɣart ila ttwqqarn tn amuk ttwqqarn amur n irgazn, ma ttggn s wawal n tmɣarin amuk ttggn s wawal n irgazn, ma tssawal anct i ssawaln irgazn, atg. Muk ma igga lḥal, nẓra timɣarin ḥḍrnt g imsaggarn, amuk ḥḍrnt gi tmskanin, igrawn imqqranen, ifidyutn, lmineṣṣa, tracca n umṣawaḍ imtti, atg.
Min ttggn/t?: Ma gs amnus n tmɣart iḥḍar ma lla: marra isnfarn (lmacariɛ) gi muk ma igga igr, mala ur gs amnus n tmɣart am ijjtn zg uydud, ataf d anqsi, ur issiwiḍ mani. Amnus n Arrif d tidt icrk, rid n wargaz wḥḥds. Maca din imunas qqnen ɣir ar tmɣart, ttijjan tikli ins ad tili tdql ktar zi tnni n wargaz. Amquddi g izrfan (arnddad n lqanun), amquddi gi ttxlist x lxdmt xmi tettili d ijjtn, asggd n ccuruṭ n lxdmt, ashwn n wadaf n tmɣart ar tɣuri d lxdmt d ucrak gi tudrt tasrtant, tadlsant,…, awqqr d usmɣr i min tuca tmɣart i waydud s lxdmt ins gi taddart, s usmutti ins i wawal d tdlsa a tarwa ins, tikkst n ukrfṣ x tmɣart d uɛaqb n wi xs ittkrfaṣn, taynit i tdusi (ṣṣḥḥt) ins, mizi nttat tkssi s ddist, tettaru, ttaɣnt waṭṭanen ur ttiɣn argaz, d waṭṭaṣ n tmslayin nnɣni.
Min ila ittettr lḥirak i lmxzn issfsay aṭṭaṣ zi tmukrisin mizi tettcka tmɣart: arẓam n sbiṭarat d usidf n lmwakn d iwdan i gsn ɣa ixdmn, ar’zam n tsdawiyyin, aswjd n tnaca (trasport) i inlman d tnlmadin, tadlsa, awqqr n tnwgimt, atg. Marra manaya gs nnfɛ d amqqran i tmɣart. Tasdawit ad tgg lxir d amqqran gi tḥudriyyin i ixsn ad kmmlnt tiɣri nsnt ur zmmrnt s uẓẓiyyar n twacunt nsnt niɣ s ẓẓlḍ. Nssn ila tiwacunin waxxa ugurnt ar dat g izrfan n tmɣart maca mala ad ixḍarnt jr n uwtm d twtmt, ad sskknt awtm ad iɣar gi Fas niɣ d Ujda, ad jjn tawtmt. Ammn ula d min iqqnen ar ṣṣḥḥt, arẓam d uswjd n sbiṭarat ad ifkk timɣarin zi ttamara i xsnt ittkkn xmi ttarunt niɣ xmi hllknt.
Imkn ila ixssa as cway n « ufran » ḥuma ad iḍhar mliḥ man tmslayin i tettḥdajja tmɣart gi sbitar (man lmwakn, man iḍbibn d tḍbibin, man kansir n tmɣarin i cmxn, min ittḥdajja), man tmslayin i tettḥdajja gi lxdmt, … ḥuma ad taf trarit x umddur ins. Manaya ataf yuqɛ xs wawal ag tmɣarin mizi d ntnint i issnen mliḥ min ttḥdajjant.
Din snat n tmslayt gi tkarḍa n tuttriwin, qqnent ɣir ar tmɣart: 1- arẓam n isnsun n tnlmadin (taddart n tnlmadt) ittraḥn zi lkambu ar tmdint ad ɣrnt. Ta d ijjt n tuttra tettsggad abrid i tḥudrit n lkmabu ḥuma tasɣart ins gi tɣuri ad tili d tidt. 2- arẓam n ummas n ulmad n ṣṣnayɛ i tmɣarin gi marra Arrif, ḥuma timɣarin ur iɣrin niɣ ur ikmmln tiɣri ad afnt mig ɣa lhant, ad zmmrnt ad xdmnt. Nttidar dd ula d tuttra n warẓam n saladirut amuk ijjt n tuttra tuds tamɣart mizi d ntnin ila gsn ixddmn wami ila llan. ɛad xssnt tmslayin nnɣni i tmɣarin ixddmn gi tudrin, timɣarin mix ttkrfi’sn irgazn, tamɣart tamɛḍurt… Maca ulabudd ad nksi gi lbal, tmẓi n ttjriba d laggawaj n uxzzar a (imkn) x iwdan i bddn x lḥirak.
Min ittwaggn ma iṭṭummuɛ ad ibddl waramquddi jr n tmɣart d wargaz ma lla: Imkn asnfar (projet) ad iksi amnus n tmɣart d min tettḥdajja (zi min nniɣ s uflla) g ummas ins, maca ur ittraḥ ci ar ddsas n waramquddi illan gi walliɣ n lɛalqa jr n tmgahrt d wargaz, mix tbna d muk dd tettban. Wi ittḥkamn gi twacunt, tamɣart ma tettriyya gi tudrt ins d ddat ins niɣ tettraja ad as inin raḥ niɣ as dd, ccɣl n taddart, ma trbu t wḥḥds niɣ iksi t akids wargaz (xmi dd ttrwwaḥn zi tmskant, s umdya, awtm ittkk ar mṭarba ittfurruj gi llayf, tawtmt tettkk ar kuzina, amya ma lla?), timgahrin ma qqimnt qqnent ar min xsnt turi tnamit niɣ ẓwant lṣwar n taddart ad ddrɛnt amaḍal, ad xdmnt lldaym nnɣni, ad ssnent tussna nnɣni bla tnni n macca d ufiyyr d ujffef. Xmi nssawal x tmɣarin, nssawal x tmgahrin qqaɛ, tinni irzzun ad xsnt tettwarẓm twwurt amuk tnna tzlawit Fadma el Ouaryachi. Din atṭaṣ n tsmlayin qqnent ar usqsi a, ixssa ad tnt nssrs ḥuma ad nfhm min ittsmaran gi tudrt nnɣ. Tamslayt a, ad ɣrs bddɣ cwit gi min dd iggurn, g umnni a.
Iswirn n ucrak n tmɣart gi lḥirak n Arrif.
Mala tɛddl, ad nb’da timɣarin iswizan gi lḥirak n Arrif x ikluṣa. Bṭṭu ya maci ḥuma ad nfrz jr n tmɣarin d tinni nnɣni. Uhu, ḥuma ad nfhm man ikluṣa n uswizi ila ɣrs illan ar tmɣart tarifit gi lḥirak :
– Timɣnas iswizan s tikli d uɛawn niɣ timɣnas warism: Ass x wumas rnnunt tmɣarin i ttfɣn gi lḥirak, whḥdsnt niɣ ag irgazn i d asnt ittɛnan, ar wami ndwl ur nzmmar ad tnt nḥsb. Inɣmisn ṣṣiwḍn anɣ dd tiwlafin d ifidyutin n tmɣarin s tcumɛatin d nnwac g ifassn, s lkfn x iɣiln, sliwliwnt, ttɛiyyaḍnt. Ucint udm i tmurt n Arrif isbrrad ul zdat n lgnus. Ijjt n tmslayt ɛmmars ur nenwi ad tt nẓr gi tmurt nnɣ. Din udmawn ttwassnen n tmɣnasin d tiqdimin, ixḍarnt, amuk nnant, ad ilint ag imsbridn d tmsbridin, mizi ttwalant ila lḥirak n ihudriyyn d tḥudriyyin n Arrif, amuk din udmawn, aṭṭaṣ d udmawn ur ttwassnen mani, nssn itn ag lḥirak. Tamijja n wargaz i nennim gi tmskanin tsur akis tmijja n tmɣart d tliwliwt ins. Manaya ittraḥ issnhzza cway cway min irṣṣan g walli n iwdan nnɣ zi txrrisin n ccrq x tmɣart d tlelli ins.
Manaya mala iɛjbn anɣ xmi nttwala gi tnddam amuk Imzurn, Ayt Buɛyyac, tiɣrmin amuk Ayt ḥdifa.. tettraḥ tettmɣur gnɣ lfraḥt xmi nttmutuy a Truggut, Tmasint, Tala Yusf, Aɛrwi, Ayt ·Ɛbdellah, … Qqaɛ imukan a tffɣ gsn tmɣart tarifit s tmijja (cciɛarat niɣ llwalu), s wawal niɣ s tikli.
Ijj n ucrak ila iqqn ɣir ar tmɣart, d aswizi s uswjd n macca d uɣrum. Nẓra gi tuqqna n tḥuna wami ila ur ttifn iwdan aɣrum, timɣarin n Biyya ggʷant aɣrum, ṣṣiwḍnt i tudrin. Manaya nẓra t ɛawd (amuk ila dd ṣṣawaḍn g ufaysbuk) xmi ttraḥn iwdan zi barra ar ci n umkan ad swizan gi tmskanin. Miyya gi miyya, xlli d imsaggarn ittwaggn gi tudrin, tswiza gsn tmɣart s uswjd n macca d watay, amuk nzmmar ad nxayl. D ta d tnamit ɛad illan gi tmurt nnɣ. Ccɣl n taddart tettg it tmɣart. Manaya ur ixis ad yini asɣḍl zi tmɣart, ḥaca. Manaya zg ijjt n jjiht d asmɣr zg uswizi n tmɣart gi lḥirak s lxdmt a i tgga. Mri maci d nttat ataf bzzaf n inhzzitn ffɣn dd d inqsiyyn. Maca zg ijjt n jjiht nnɣni irẓẓm anɣ tiṭawin x min ɛad i d anɣ iqqimn zi lxdmt ḥuma ad nawḍ ar umquddi.
Ag wuḍuf n imɣnas n lḥirak d usuggi x tmskanin, timɣarin rid jjint zg uswizi nsnt, s uḍrrun, din i nẓra tzmrt nsn d « trgazt » nsnt x ibridn d isaragn n sidi Ɛabid gi Biyya, mani ila ttḥijjan/t ayt/suyt Biyya tikarmin n tẓallit n ttarawiḥ. Llilt d uxllṭ d lɛskar ur bddn ci g udm n ucrak n tmɣart. Gi ci n wakud, mri ila nxs ad tt narja ataf ur tt nurji. D tidt, g imukan amuk Imzurn, ufuɣ s llilt ila ɣir n irgazn, drus mani ɣa tffɣ ci n tmɣnast din. Maca manaya ur ittkks lfraḥt nnɣ s tinni iqqimn bddnt, ur jjint asarag ixwa, qqimnt ammn d aṣfḍ i tmssi ḥuma ur txssi. Iwwḍ dd wakud mig tnt nẓra s tkmamin ḥuma ur tnt ittɛqil lmxzn, zi icmx wuḍuf, maca ur dwilnt ar tudrin. Ur dwilnt waxxa ila kulha idwl.
– Timɣnas illan gi tgrawt n uswjd.
Marra idnɣ nssn min ɛnant. Tinaẓurin, tinlmadin n tsdawit, tislmadin, maca xlli d timɣarin n tudrin. Kul ijjtn manis, sɛanen tnt tusmin x tmurt nsnt d usḥqar i ddrnt d tirja nsnt i innurin ḥuma ad ffɣnt ufuɣ imṣbḍa x min nennim. Ksint kamira, amikrufun, ugurnt x uzllif n tmskanin, ggin ul g iwdan. Ur qqimnt x tmwwa, ur qqimnt g ummas. ḥdd zzgnɣ izmmar ad ixayl lḥirak bla zzgsnt. M’sbḍant g uxmmem, mṣbḍan gi ṭṭbiɛt d tussna d ttjriba, amṣbḍi infɛn lḥirak s waṭṭaṣ. Ijjtn tssiɣ tmijja d kamira, Ijjtn tssiɣ axrrṣ, ijjtn tssiɣ fus ins mizi tbdd g udm n lɛskar, ijjtn aswjd d wul i tettgg gi suytmas, … Ula d ntnint, zi lḥmlt n wuḍuf aɣil ad ur jjint asarg ad ixwa ula d amikrufun ad iwḍa.
Silya, Warda, Nawal, Hadya, Nihad, Mazilya, Sara, xalti Zzuhra, Karima, Farah, Fatima, Bouchra… d tinni nnɣni, urint ism nsnt g umzruy n Arrif s ssmɣ n wurɣ. Qqasnt tasɣart nsnt zg wuḍuf d uḍfar n lmxzn amuk qqasnt zi wawal d uzawar n aytmatsnt wami issnt utrrc n tamunt. Ci zzgsnt xttsn ttaman imɣar n ufuɣ nsnt, s lḥbs, akrf’s, tazwart niɣ d unjli a barra n tmurt. Manaya d lmtiḥan idtti la i tmɣarin d tmxsit nsnt (volonté) la i twacunin d irgazn n Arrif d liman nsn s umquddi jr n tmɣart d wargaz. Din tiwacunin ɛddbn bzzaf s manaya maca sgɛɛdnt idd azllif zi jjdid, rnant lḥmlt n taɣyuli, din wi issɣdn, ixs ad ittu kulci. Maca muk ma igga lḥal, awal n tmɣart n lḥirak ɛad ittsmmiɛ g ujnna.
– Timɣarin n twacunin n inkraf.
Tura-t: Asmaa Aouattah


text:
G imalass ad izrin, g tmdint n ugadir d mad d sis yakmurn (proche
), radio d mnnawt tmsmunin ktin d yan unazur (artiste
) amqqran igan amarir (chanteur
) lli tt inn ikkan da ismmussu urd ghas tamazirt n Sus, mac tamurt ngh akkw, iga t Muhmmad Albnsir lli yafudn zg 18 n usggwas aya
Zg usggwas llig hra immut ttunt t tmsmunin d imassn n umsawad ar ass ad, ikut max? Is nzmr ad nini iga aya nn tamatart n ufrak lli hra d ittlaln dar tarwa n imazighn? Nennurz (espérer
) ad yili mk ann d uggwar.
Gigh yan g middn lli iwsnin g mnnaw immussutn ad,(activites
) mmaghgh ad sslkmgh i ugdud (public
) yat tghawsa da ttannaygh is tga tintti (essentielle
): Ur nufi nkkni imazighn ad nili s tidt (vraiment
), igh ur llin inbdadn n tussna ngh,ukan inbdadn ad ur gin ghas timgharin d irgazn, mac gan anawn akkw n tussna zund idlisn, d umarg,d ighrman, d tmlsa d tiram… Lli yadlli igan g tghrma ngh (civilisation
).
Amukris n imazighn iga t lligh ngaran nghd sngaran tn d tghrma nsn d tussna nsn; willi ur irin ad sul ilin imazighn, bikksn ad snghubun(exterminer
) aylli akkw igan intti g tmagit nsn (identité
), dfarn mnnawt tgharasin: Da zzimziyn( mépriser
) atig n tutlayt (langue
) tamazight lli igan iman(ame) n tghrma tamazight, tg yat g tutlayin ixatrn, tasi timktit(memoire
)tamazight g tghzi n izmaz n umzruy nsn, da ttgdaln (interdire
) xf tarwa n imazigh ad ttlmadn amzruy nsn (histoire
) g tizi ann nit, ar asn sslmadn amzruy n i3rabn d wiyyad lli nbdnin timizar n imazighn, da ttksn udmawn n tussna d tghrma tamazight; da smmskaln (changer
) ismawn nsn, ngh fllasn fissn, igh tn akkw bdrn da tn addrn d kra n gar askkirlli disn zdin, tasrtit ad (politique)tfka tayafutin (résultats
) hrcnin i tawa ngh; da ttrwaln g tmagit nsn nttni, amzn g tin wiyyad, ssihlnt tn tlghiwin (causes
) n tmizar lli nn fllasn aggugnin uggar mad tn ssihlnt tlghiwin n tmura nsn, da ttmmtatn, da akkw ttbaqqayn (s’exploser
), da ttngadn (se noyer
) g ilaln (mers
) xf tayri n aylli ghaln imqqur g walln nsn.Iilmma igh d aghuln tarwa ngh ar ssitign (estimer
) inmghurn nsn, hati ikut aya nn rad ig assnti (début
) n yan ufrak izmr ad agh ijjnjm. Mohamed Akunad


text:
Ass-a i tebda lḥemla n wuẓẓu n ccjer. Aṭas n tdukliwin i yekkan di lḥemla-ayi n wuẓẓu n isekla di tamiwin yemgaraden. Nezmer ad d-nebder tidukla n Sedduq i d-yesfayden 50 000 n isekla i wuẓẓu. Iswi-nnsen d asnerni di lɣella n uzemmur akked tazart imi deg iseggasen-ayi ineggura lɣella n uzemmur akked tazart txus s waṭas.
{{C.W.}}
Bgayet: Lḥemla n wuẓẓu n isekla tebda
Ass-a i tebda lḥemla n wuẓẓu n ccjer. Aṭas n tdukliwin i yekkan di lḥemla-ayi n wuẓẓu n isekla di tamiwin yemgaraden. Nezmer ad d-nebder tidukla n Sedduq i d-yesfayden 50 000 n isekla i wuẓẓu. Iswi-nnsen d asnerni di lɣella n uzemmur akked tazart imi deg iseggasen-ayi ineggura lɣella n uzemmur akked tazart txus s waṭas.


text:
Tanekra (tinekriwin), révolte (fr) - revolt, insurgency, insurrection (en) - revuelta (es) - تمرد، ثورة
Addad amaruz: tnekra (tnekriwin).
Ẓer daɣ: amenkar, ankar, asenkar, assenker, nker, ssenker, ttwassenker.
Tasniremt:
Tanekra taɣerfant - révolte populaire - revuelta popular - ثورة شعبية
Tanekra tumrigt - soulèvement armé, insurrection armée - levantamiento armado - ثورة مسلحة
Aql-iken deg - Vous êtes dans - You are in - Ustedes están en - أنتم في
Asegzawal n Tmaziɣt - Dictionnaire Amazigh - Français - Amazigh - English Dictionary - Diccionario Amazigh - Español - قاموس أمازيغي - عربي
(c) Omar Mouffok - Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen.


text:
TAMURT – Yeshel akken ad icettem neɣ ad d-yewwet yiwen deg wayeḍ, maca ayagi ilaq akken-kan ad d-nesbin lexṣaṣ yellan garaneɣ. Ma nebɣa, ma nebgges-d akken idles nneɣ ad yidir, ad yeffukti ilaq-aɣ a nbeddlet tikli, acku tagi i d-wwin widak yeɣran tarumit neɣ taɛrabt, d lawan akken ad d-neffeɣ deg-s, ma ulac a netteddut ar nnger nneɣ ma temmut tutlayt nneɣ ur d-ttegray teqbaylit neɣ tmaziɣt s lekmal-ines. Ihi, ilaq Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin ad llin allen-nsen ma ur ten-yewwit ara butellis.
Tazwara widak akk i isexsaren deg ubrid agi n tutlayt d yedles Iqbayliyen imusnawen imenza si zik, ternuḍ-as imeɣnasen n imussuyen n tura akked d win n Lhirak. Imussuyen agi xeddmen leqdic deg ubrid ifernen nutnni, maca tasertit i seqdacen, seqdacen-tt s tutlayt n tefransist kra s taɛrabt n ubrid. Ma tecfam am asmi deg iseggasen-nni n settin asmi i bdan leqraya s tuffra s tmaziɣt neɣ teqbaylit. I talit nni taqbaylit selmaden-tt am akken d ifransisen itt illemden. Maca tura ila wacu i ibeddelen deg ayagi n uselmed. Walit-kan yal tammeddit di taqqant (chaine) n BRTV.
Ihi, tagar-agi d ahdum (catastrophe) i d-iɣlin ɣef tutlayt taqbaylit armi ula d asnufes ineqḍaɛ fell-as. Ma terram tamawt, ula d Naïma Fayḥi tfaq, anida deg yiwet n tviddiyut-ines tenna-d awal-agi: « tura ilmeẓyen n iqbayliyen, mara ttmeslayen sexlaḍen-d xilla n imeslayen n tefransist ». Dagi d ayen yellan i d-nna, acku netta d lferḥ-ines imi lmaɛna-ines d akken d aqbaylit d tamaziɣt sumata lla tettiḍɛf, meḥsubint lla tneqqes. Kunwi am akken kra wer yeḍri tettkemmilem deg webrid n twaɣit ara ɣ-yawin ar lmut n tutlayt nneɣ. Am akken twalam, ahat xilla degwen, tutlayt nneɣ terra aḍar ar deffir sɣur agdud, ula deg umennuɣ fell-as iwexxer s waṭṭas. Acimi ? Tagi d tikkelax n Butefliqa asmi i yerra « tmaziɣt d tutlayt tunṣib di tmenddawt tazzayrit ». Nekk cfiɣ asmi i yenddeh ɣef ikabaren FFS d RCD anida i sen-yenna : « ur sertayet (politiser) ara agnu n tmaziɣt, aneft-as deg wennar n yedles kan ». Imiren ikabaren agi akken-llan ffɣen deg-s, acku werǧin ttaddren-tt-id mara xedmen timliliyin n tsertis d imeɣnasen-nsen.
Yuɣal segimiren, ula d aqdud aqbayli « yebra i ṭṭbel deg waman », acku yenwa meskin, ma tekcem di tmenddawt tazayrit-kan, d ayen temnaɛ si lmut i lla tt-ittrajun di tjebbant ? Mdah a tagmatt, mdah ! Tutlayt nneɣ lla tnegger kunwi mazla iken tegnem s ibaddi. Tagaray ɣef uẓeṭṭa aqbayli neɣ n yegrawen iqbayliyn n fcb, tella kra n tira, maca drus maḍi, maḍi. Llan diɣen sridat n imeɣnasen n timunent, atg,… maca ula d nutni lla senqasen di teqbaylit mara d-ttmeslayen i
imeyyaten n Iqbayliyen d Teqbyliyin. Ini-t-iyi amek ara yelmed ilemẓi n teqbaylit ma teqqareḍ-as « lijan », ilɛiwaḍ « ilmeẓyen » ; mara d-qqarem « ljanaza » wala « tamḍelt », atg,…. Init-d amek, anida ara teffeɣ akk-agi fell-aɣ ? Ass n lexmis nni iɛeddan-kan yusa-d yiwen n umeɣnas ar BRTV (ttuɣ isem-is). Segmi i yebda awal lla Kamal Tarwiḥt ad t-iseqsay s teqbaylit, netta lla as-d-ittarra s trumit. Ayɣer asexser agi ? Iwacu anect-a ? Nekk wigi ar ɣur-i usan-d ad hudden taqbaylit mačči yella kra n wayen yelhan ar lǧiha nsen.
Ihi a yatmaten d lawan akken a nbeddet ar yedles nneɣ ma ur tebɣam ara ad d-negwri di twaɣit, di nddama. A ken-id-smektiɣ-kan yiwet akken ad tfehmem iman-nwen: deg iseggasen nni n sebɛin, illa ukabar n PRS di Paris. Deg ukabar agi 70% n imeɣnasen-ines d Iqbayliyen. Ttnaɣen « masakit » akken ad d-sbeden Muḥemmed Boudiaf d aselway deg ubdil n Boumedyen. Di laɛnaya-nwen, nkent init-iyi-d acu n lxilaf yellan ger « waɛrab ar wayeḍ » ɣef ayen iɣ-yaɛnan nekwni s Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin ? Ulac ! Muḥemmed Boudiaf iqeddec ɣef taɛrabt d Boumedyen xas mgarden di tsertit, maca msefhamen akken aɣ-snegren. Ihi d acu i yexdem Muḥemmed cheikh Marx Boudiaf (akken is-iqqar Dda Muḥnd) ? A yesɣara imeɣnasen n ukabar-ines s taɛrabt. Ixleq-asen-id ayen i wumi semman di talit nni : « atelier d arabe ». Ihi, Muḥemmed Boudiaf d Boumedyen msefhamen akken a nenger. Yiwen isɛerrib deg ukabar-ines di Paris, Boumedyen isɛerrib di tmurt taqbaylit. A tagmatt, ddaw n ubrid, nnig ubrid mačči d abrid, maca uleqra-is-kan d abrid. Ihi uɣalet-d s abrid ma ur tettwaɣem ara deg axfiwen-nwen !
Hand Berkouk


text:
TAMURT – Aqlaɣ deg yiwen n wakud, ilaq-as a sen-qqim akken a nwali d acu n webrid ara n awi. Tura akk-a, am akken iruḥaɣ lxiḍ n webrid i d-newwi seg umennuɣ i d-wwin imezwura nneɣ am Bennai Si Waɛli, Mbarek At Menguellat, Aɛmer Uḥemmuda, d wiyaḍ akken llan (ad fell-asen yaɛfu Yillu) ɣef ayen yaɛnan amennuɣ ɣef izerfan nneɣ n tnekkit d tutlayt d tugdut.
Walaɣ, tagara-ya, am akken imeɣnasen nneɣ n tutlayt d tnekkit, atg,…
am akken « bran i ṭṭbel deg aman ». Wagi d ayen i ttwaliɣ nekk, maca
izmer, ahat ɣelḍeɣ; abaɛda (surtout) seg asmi i d-iffeɣ amussu ya
iwumi qqaren « lḥirak ». Nwala yiwet, iban en « am naɛma yewwan »:
amussu-a yewwi-d tiɛarrubit, anda zik niqal iqbayliyen tiqbayliyn
ttuɣun deg unnar i tefsut n 80 taqbaylit, tura si 16 furar 2019,
tamurt taqbaylit tettuɣu s taɛrabt. Iwwi-d a nesseqsi iman nneɣ, amek
i newweḍ ɣer wanec-a ? Amek , meḥsub, ayen akk i nennuɣ si 1949 armi d
tafsut taYberkant, kra dinn « wwin-t wam ɣer yezer » ?
Dayen tura aqbayli d teqbaylit issers amder (taɛkemt), yekna, iqbel ad
yuɣal d akli, ad yuɣal d aɛrbub, win yiff, yerna di tmurt-is ? Amek
ara iqbell umdan « aṣubbu ar twaɣit d yemcumen-a ? D acu i yaɛnan allaɣ
n uqbayliy d teqbaylit mi yettu kra iɛaddan fell-as si 1949, 1963,
1980, 1985, 2001, akk ayen is-texdem Lzayer taɛrabt tineslemt n uḍabu
d izayriyen aɛraben-inselmen i yettferriǧen deg-sen asmi leḥbus n
Taẓult, n Lḥerrac, d lkumisariyat, anda ttwawten, twajerḥen ilmeẓyen
nneɣ, imiren azayri imsaɛrben d timsɛarbin qqimen ittferraǧen
(spectateurs)?
Tettuḍ ay aqbayli, a taqbaylit ayen iken-ixdem imsaɛrab d temsaɛrebt n
tzayrit ? Tettuḍ asmi ik-reggmen, mi theddre tutlayt-ik, anda
ik-qqaren : « xillina m langliz taɛkum », « ntuma ulad ruman », « ntuma
ulad fransa » « ntuma ulad lḥarka (tura erran-ɣ d zwaf)?
Ayen i d-qqar Naima « tafuḥant », d watmaten-is, d ayen akk meṛṛa
ittmeslayen imsɛarben d temsɛarbin, meẓẓi neɣ meqqer. Akken qqaren,
icubayi Yillu, « am win ig gren aqerruy is deg ijdi, teǧǧa-s teqqim di
lber i ubeḥri d uṣemmḍ ».
Tura inna-k umɣar azemni : « Ddaw n ubrid, mačči d abrid, nnig n
webrid, mačči d abrid, maca uleqrar-is kan d tuɣalin ɣer webrid ».
Γas taɛkemt ẓẓayet, maca ilaq att-neṣṣiweḍ alamma d amkan-is akken yal
aqbayli, yal taqbaylit ad yidir di lɛaz d lḥerma n tmurt-is. D wagi i
d iswi nneɣ nekni s ineɣmasen d tneɣmasin n imussuten meṛṛa yellan deg
unnar si 1980 ar ass-a.
Tanmirt nwen akken tellam, tellamt.
Hand Berkouk


text:
Asinag Agldan n Tussna Tamaziɣt
Asinag Agldan n Tussna Tamaziɣt (s usgzl, SGSM : asinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt, niɣ IRCAM) tga yat n tmrslt tagldant illuln ɣ usggas n 2001 tili tama n ugllid Muḥmmd Wiss Ṣḍiṣ d ddu n umur nns. Isbdd uḍahiṛ agldan amattuy (uṭṭun 1-01-299), f mi isrs ugllid azwl nns ass n 17 kṭubṛ 2001 ɣ ujdir, tirsal nns, iswuttu tinagmaḍin nns d isuyas n twuri nns.
Tga tmazzalt n usinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt ad yuc amnad nns i ugllid f isugduyn d tardasin izḍarn ad yaws ɣ usistn d tgmi n tutlayt d tussna tamaziɣt.
Ittaws usinag, s tmdrawt n tnbaḍt d tmrsal nnḍnin, ɣ uzzgr n tsrtiyin nna f d imsasa ugllid. iɣ ukccum n tmaziɣt s udus asgman d imassn n umyawaḍ d yigr agdudan awttas n tsrtiyin ad.
Iṣka usinag tawuri nns, ḥma ad ismd timazzalin nns, f tiggawin n usiggl iɣawsn lli snmalan wammasn n usiggl, imsasa d fllasnt usqqim n tmassagurt. yus d ɣ tguriwin n uḍahiṛ agldan blli uman isuyas n twuri nns tillal a :
Iwttasnsnfl
Asmuttr d tirra n iwnnitn d tysi n tussna tamaziɣt d usistn d ussissn nnsn. asilli n isiggiln d tzrawin f tutlayt tamaziɣt d ussissn n tyafutin n twuriwin a. amux illa f usinag ad imasa i imsiggiln d imẓṛan iswurin ɣ igr n tussna tamaziɣt. tigmi n usnulfu anaẓuṛ ɣ yigr n tussna tamaziɣt ḥma ad yaws ɣ ussissn d usẓnẓṛ n tysi tamɣribiyt ɣ iẓmẓlayn nns iɣrmann. tazrwat n uskkil bac ad yifsus usslmd n tmaziɣt s tɣarasin a: afars n imassn ididaktikiyn, asmuttg n imawaln imattutn niɣ yin ittuẓlayn i kra n yigr. asmuttg n iɣawasn n igi ibidagujiyn izdin d usslmd amattu nɣ wid izdin d ihiln iẓlin i tiɣawsiwin tinadɣarin niɣ i tudrt tasgawant; tiwisi ɣ usmuttg n ihiln n usddnki intti nɣ izubdan iẓlin i imssugar ibidagujiyn yusin tamasayt n usslmd n tmaziɣt, niɣ imswura d imggayn isɣawsan s ussuggy n tmaziɣt ɣ twuri nnsn, niɣ ca n yijj ixsn ad tt ilmd ad innal tisdawiyin ɣ usnmili n wammasn n usiggl d tnflit tusnilsit d tussnant n tmaziɣt asili n tɣariwin d imassn iẓḍaṛn ad ssgmun adɣar n tmaziɣt ɣ usayrur n umsawaḍ d unɣmis azzgr n izdayn n tnmasart d umyawas ussnan d umssunan d tmrsal d isinagn inamurn nɣ imaḍlann lli dar llan zun d iwttasn n usinag. ḥma ad ismd usinag timazzalin a d tillal kidsnt izdin, inmala usinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt, iggi n ussqim n tmssagurt, f snat n tṣkiwin : tamzwarut tamssagurt nni ɣ tlla tnbdadt, tanflust tamattut d igzda yaḍn, d tiss snat tuṣkiwt takadimiyt ibḍan f wammasn n usiggl.
Inaw n ujdirsnfl
Inna ugllid muḥmmd wiss ṣḍiṣ ɣ yinaw n udabu ass n 30 yulyuz 2001, aqqa ixṣ ad isbdd asinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt. timazzalin nns : ad iswingm, yaws ɣ usslkm n tsrtit n usistn d tgmi n tussna tamaziɣt. yus d ɣ yinaw ad yict n tsqqimt tazmzant n usmuttg n uḍahiṛ iran ad isbdd, iswuttu, isnmala tiwuriwin d tnagmaḍin n usinag. tuma tsqqimt ad anbdad n usinag mas muḥmmd cafiq, d mas ɛbdlɛziz mẓyan bllfqih, amsmal (amcciwr) n ugllid, d mas muḥmmd rucdi ccraybi, anmhal n umuris agldan, d mas ḥasan awrid, amsiwl s yism n iɣrm agldan, d mas ɛbdlwhhab bnmnṣuṛ, amszruy n tgldit. klant twuriwin nns zɣ ɣuct ar kṭubṛ 2001. isrs ugllid azwl nns f uḍṛiṣ n uḍahiṛ ass n 17 kṭubṛ ɣ ujdir, tama n tmdint n xnifra.
Tẓli tfrka tiss snat n twuri n usmuttg n usinag i uswingm ɣ tuskiwin tmssagurt d tin tkadimiyt d isnfarn n iḍṛiṣn n walugn agʷnsan d yin imswuritn, d ustay n inmhaln n wammasn, d usilɣ n trubba timzwura n imsiggiln, d usnmili n uzdduɣ nns amzwaru illan ɣ uẓya n ṛyaḍ ɣ tmdint n ṛbaḍ. iggi n uya, iga unbdad n usinag tuggt n igiwrn d imsawaln isnfk imnadn d tugniwin n umussu amsmunan amaziɣ d tsqqimt tamzmzant f umuɣ imdan n igmamn n usqqim n tmssagurt. ass n 27 yunyuh ad isml ugllid igmamn n usqqim n tmssagurt.
Issnti usinag tawuri nns s yigiwr amzwaru n usqqim n tmssagurt ussan n 25 d 26 yulyuz 2002. ittuẓlay i umsasa f iḍṛiṣn n tuddsa n usinag, isbdd ict n tsqqimt tamasayt n ad tsmd i maya. tzzri tannayin nns i usqqim, lli iskrn ad imun ɣ 31 kṭubṛ d 1 nuwanbir. mk lli d imsasa f iɣawasn n tiggawt n wammasn iẓlin s isggʷasn 2002-2003.
Myawaynt twuriwin timzwura n usqqim n tmssagurt n usinag d ukccum n trubba timzwura n imsiggiln, lli d ikkan timrsal tigdudan n tgldit. ssntin tawuri ɣ usinag zɣ cutanbir 2002. smdn d wiyyaḍ zɣ innayr 2003.
Ammasn n urzzusnfl
Ammas n usmsasa n tutlayt ammas n tɣuṛiwin n ufgan d umadan ammas n tɣuṛiwin n umzruy d uwnnaḍ ammas n isiggiln ididaktitn d iɣawasn n usgmi ammas n ussuɣl d warratn d uẓiṛug d umyawaḍ ammas n tsnmalayt d imagrawn n unɣms d umsawaḍ ammas n tɣuṛiw tinaẓuṛin d tskla d uyafu n usliẓiṛ
Tiẓṛigin usinagsnfl
Ingansnfl
Yuma udlis ad tawckint n tmdyazin timaynutin, ar gisnt iẓṭṭa umdyaz ulafin n umarg s imassn lli tyawssannin ɣ tirra n tmdyazt tamaynut, ar isawal f tmagit d tudrt n ufgan d tannayt nns f wayyaḍ d tannayt nns f wukkus, iṭṭay d ɣ unzgum n tudrt tulahin d iswingimn s yat twuri tamsnflult.
Tirẓisnfl
Yuma udlis ad timdyazin tyaranin s tɣarast tamaynut, lli ur iskan f isqqal iqburn n umarg ittyawnnan, ar gisnt isiggil umdyaz abrid nns srs iẓlin ɣ tirra s tmaziɣt, ar ittmaɣ ad yaf taɣarast nns ɣ uswingm ula ɣ twuri f tutlayt ula tulafin lli akkanin kigan d tannayin, ar immal udlis ad izd bab nns is iga ɣ tasut tamaynut n imaran lli ttazzalnin f ad skrn yan uẓmmuẓẓl amqran ɣ ubrid n tirra s tutlayt tamaziɣt.
Amawal n tjṛṛumtsnfl
Iga umawal anjṛum yat tyafut ifka umyawas ingr usinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt d usinag anamur n tutlayin d tɣrmiwin n unqqr. ittusta yigr n tsnirmt tanjrumt afad ad yaws ɣ usslmd n tmaziɣt ɣ lmɣrib d dzayr. asddi n tguriwin illan ɣ umawal a iẓli s umata s tjṛṛumt, mqqar yuma ca n tguriwin n tsnilst. iwads udlis ad, ɣ tizwiri, islmadn d imḥḍaṛ n tmaziɣt d ku ma ay d iran ad yisin tiguriwin n yigr anjṛum. nttaf digs tiguriwin nna f ibdd uslmd n tmaziɣt. ittyara umawal ad s kkuẓt n tutlayin: tamaziɣt d taɛrabt d tfransist d tnglizt.
Asudssnfl
Ammasn n urzzusnfl
Izddarsnfl
- Ammas n tzrawin tinfuṛmatikanin d isistmn n usnɣms d umyawaḍ (anyalkam)
Annag izwarnsnfl
- Ammas n usuɣl d untam d publication d umyawaḍ
- Ammas n tzrawin tinaẓurin d expressions tisklanin d usyafu igan audio-visuel
Annag wiss 2snfl
- Ammas n usmsasa (asmsacka) n tutlayt
- Ammas n tzrawin tididaktiyin d iɣawasn ibidagugiyn (win usgmi)
Annag wiss 3snfl
- Ammas n tzrawin n umzruy d
- Ammas n tzrawin tisnfgananin d
Tamssugurtsnfl
Izddarsnfl
- tazuni n tsastalt d
- tadala n usqqim n tmssugurt
- tasdlist
- lmktb n uzmmem
Asinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt d ict n tmrslt tagldant iluln ɣ usggʷas n 2001 tili tama n ugllid muḥmmd wiss ṣḍiṣ d ddaw n umur nns. isbdd uḍahiṛ agldan amattuy (uṭṭun 1-01-299), f mi isrs ugllid azwl nns ass n 17 kṭubṛ 2001 ɣ ujdir, tirsal nns, iswuttu tinagmaḍin nns d isuyas n twuri nns. tga tmazzalt n usinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt ad yuc amnad nns i ugllid f isugduyn d tardasin izḍarn ad yaws ɣ usistn d tgmi n tutlayt d tussna tamaziɣt. ittaws usinag, s tmdrawt n tnbaḍt d tmrsal nnḍnin, ɣ uzzgr n tsrtiyin nna f d imsasa ugllid. ig ukccum n tmaziɣt s udus asgman d imassn n umyawaḍ d yigr agdudan awttas n tsrtiyin ad. iṣka usinag tawuri nns, ḥma ad ismd timazzalin nns, f tiggawin n usiggl iɣawsn lli snmalan wammasn n usiggl, imsasa d fllasnt usqqim n tmassagurt. yus d ɣ tguriwin n uḍahiṛ agldan blli uman isuyas n twuri nns tillal a :
- Asmuttr d tirra n iwnnitn d tysi n tussna tamaziɣt d usistn d ussissn nnsn.
- Asilli n isiggiln d tzrawin f tutlayt tamaziɣt d ussissn n tyafutin n twuriwin a. amux illa f usinag ad imasa i imsiggiln d imẓṛan iswurin ɣ igr n tussna tamaziɣt.
- Tigmi n usnulfu anaẓuṛ ɣ yigr n tussna tamaziɣt ḥma ad yaws ɣ ussissn d usẓnẓṛ n tysi tamɣribiyt ɣ iẓmẓlayn nns iɣrmann.
- Tazrwat n uskkil bac ad yifsus usslmd n tmaziɣt s tɣarasin a:
- Afars n imassn ididaktikiyn,
- Asmuttg n imawaln imattutn niɣ yin ittuẓlayn i kra n yigr.
- Asmuttg n iɣawasn n igi ibidagujiyn izdin d usslmd amattu nɣ wid izdin d ihiln iẓlin i tiɣawsiwin tinadɣarin niɣ i tudrt tasgawant;
- Tiwisi ɣ usmuttg n ihiln n usddnki intti nɣ izubdan iẓlin i imssugar ibidagujiyn yusin tamasayt n usslmd n tmaziɣt, niɣ imswura d imggayn isɣawsan s ussuggy n tmaziɣt ɣ twuri nnsn, niɣ ca n yijj ixsn ad tt ilmd
- Ad innal tisdawiyin ɣ usnmili n wammasn n usiggl d tnflit tusnilsit d tussnant n tmaziɣt
- Asili n tɣariwin d imassn iẓḍaṛn ad ssgmun adɣar n tmaziɣt ɣ usayrur n umsawaḍ d unɣmis
- Azzgr n izdayn n tnmasart d umyawas ussnan d umssunan d tmrsal d isinagn inamurn nɣ imaḍlann lli dar llan zun d iwttasn n usinag.
- Hma ad ismd usinag timazzalin a d tillal kidsnt izdin, inmala usinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt, iggi n ussqim n tmssagurt, f snat n tṣkiwin : tamzwarut tamssagurt nni ɣ tlla tnbdadt, tanflust tamattut d igzda yaḍn, d tiss snat tuṣkiwt takadimiyt ibḍan f wammasn n usiggl.
Awal unbdadsnfl
Tugga d tizi tamaynut ɣ tudrt n usinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt,awd ɣ ussudu asrtan n usbuɣlu n tussna tamaziɣt. s man aya, ira adtsmd twala tamzwarut d tis snat n igmamn ifggagn n usqqim n tmssagurt ɣ wayyur n yunyu 2010. ɣ yulyz ad d iddan, rad ifk usqqim yattuyn n usslmd asmuql nns f usslmd n tutlayin, ɣ tga tmaziɣt yat nnsnt. awd ttilifizyun “tamaziɣt” rad i^df^ṛ aɣaras nns d yussan. ig nu^ḍa ɣr dffir, nẓḍaṛ ad nburz s twuriwin ittugan ɣ tam n isggʷasn ad zrinin. ar nttafa timitar n watig n twuriwin ittugan: asslmd n tmaziɣt ɣ usslmd amnzu d wad yattuyn, akjjum n tutlayt d tussna tamaziɣtg igr n uslẓṛ, d usiggl amassan, d wannal n tmsmunin, d usxitr n inaẓuṛn, slwan akkʷ, i ma iẓlin i tlalit n ufray n wumu anamur ɣ lmɣrib imsasan d tmagit nns.
Tayafut ad ttwaysmad, acku tska f tɣtast tasrtiyt n bab waddur agllid muḥmmd wiss ṣḍiṣ ɣ tinawt n ujdir, mk lli tbdda tyafut ad f twuriwin n ku ma ittiɣiln ɣ imal n lmɣrib iẓẓan ɣ tmagit nns tamaziɣt-taɛṛabt, iṛẓmn f umaḍal atrar, yakʷz aggʷatn imaḍlann. s manaya, issusm aɣ bahra ad nssmɣr igmamn n usqqim ismdn tawala nnsn, s usttiy, winna yiwsn s tussna nnsn d twuriwin nnsn ad tddu tussna n tmaziɣt ɣr dat ɣ tmazirt nnɣ. s twuri n igmaman ifggagn ad as niws ɣ usku n usnfr n tmtti tadimuqṛṭit tatrart igan assitm n imal n ugdud anamur.


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Ikikuyuten
Ikikuyuten d yiwen si rebɛin-nni n yegduden ay yettidiren di Kenya, zedɣen di tmiwa ɛlayen n tlemmast akk d wenẓul (sud) n Kenya, yernu ttmeslayen tutlayt takikuyut ay itebɛen ɣer twacult n tutlayin tibantutin (bantoues). Llan wazal n 4.400.000 n Yikikuyuten di Kenya, dɣa wwḍen ɣer 20% seg yimezdaɣen n tmurt merr'a, yernu nitni ssawalen i yiman-nsen "Gekoyo" neɣ "Agekoyo".
Ikukuyuten ttidiren s tfellaḥt, dɣa teẓẓun inili (mil), llubyan, tajilbant akk d baṭaṭa taẓidant, yernu ass-a, mi akka ay kecmen ɣer tfellaḥt tatrart (moderne), sfulluḥen diɣ taɣlust (lqahwa), akbal, igumma (fruits) akk d yeckan (lxeḍra), yernu ciṭṭaḥ kan deg-sen ay yettidiren s tkessawt.
Di tmetti-nsen tamensayt (traditionnelle), d argaz ay yesɛan azal imi ay d netta ay iḥekkmen tawacult. Argaz ɣur-sen yella iseɛɛu afrag i deg yettili wexxam-is, yernu yettaɣ aṭas n tilawin, yal yiwet deg-sent ad as-yeg taxxamt i yiman-is deg wefrag-is. Timetti takikuyut tebḍa d iderman (clans) i deg yettili wergaz d watmaten-is, tilawin-nsen akk d warraw-nsen, ma d tiɣawsiwin-nsen n tsertit d tajmaɛit ay d-ilehhun yid-sen. Tajmaɛit-nsen nitni ttilin deg-s yergazen yellan akk seg yiwet n tnudda, dɣa tikwal, d irgazen ilemmasen di leɛmer' ay d-yettṣaḥ ad sselḥun tiɣawsiwin n taddart, tikwal, d irgazen imeqqranen neɣ d imɣaren.
Amezruy[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Lejdud n Yikikuyuten llan zik zedɣen di tmiwa n Ugafa agmuḍan (nord-est) n Kenya, dɣa ger n lqern wis 17 d lqern wis 19, bdan a d-ttasen cwiṭ, cwiṭ ɣer tmiwa-yagi n tlemmast n Kenya i deg zedɣen ass-a. Mbeɛd ma ddren acḥal di lehna xeddmen tafellaḥt deg wakal-nsen, Ikikuyuten llan-d si ger n yegduden ikenyanen imezwura ay yugin ad asen-tettwakkes tmurt-nsen, asmi ay ten-id-yekcem umennekcam abriṭani. D anect-nni ay ten-yessawḍen ad kkren s imenɣi tikkelt tamenzut, deg yiseggasen n 1920 akk d yiseggasen n 1930. Ma di 1952, d Ikikuyuten ay d-yesbedden amussu (mouvement) n Mau Mau i lmend n ussuffeɣ n Yebriṭaniyen si Kenya, yernu imenɣi ay d-yeḍran seg yimir-n yefka axesṣar meqqren i udabu abriṭani di Kenya. Akken ad rẓen Yebriṭaniyen tanekra-yagi, bdan a ssuffuɣen Ikikuyuten si tudrin-nsen akken ad ten-zzedɣen di tudrin ay sen-bnan ninti akken ad zemren ad ten-qarɛen. D acu kan, imenɣi ikemmel alammi ! d 1963, asmi ay tewwi Kenya azarug-is, dɣa d yiwen n Ukikuyu, Jomo Kenyatta, ay yuɣalen d aneɣlaf amezwaru amenzu n Kenya, yernu seg yimir-n ay tennerna mliḥ tezmert n Yikikuyuten di tmurt-nsen. Ass-a, d Ikikuyuten ay yesɛan ikataren (cadres) imeqqranen yesselḥayen tamurt, yernu seg-sen diɣ ay d-frurin waggagen imeqqranen akk d yimer'kantiyen n tmurt. Aṭas deg-sen ttidiren di temdinin yernu qeddcen neɣ ṭṭfen imukan yelhan deg unabaḍ (gouvernement) akk d tdamsa. D acu kan, xas Ikukuyuten sɛan amkan igerrzen di tmurt-nsen, xas sɛan ttawil meqqren, tutlayt-nsen rran-tt di rrif, maca ass-a, mi akka ara d-ttenkaren waggagen (intellectuels) yettarun s tutlayt-nsen tayemmat, takikuyut attan a d-tettarfad iman-is cwiṭ, cwiṭ akken yiwwas ad taf amkan-is di Kenya.
Tamselyut[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- [1] Sɣur Ghania Khouchi (Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen).


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Le Rifain
Yegga Ssaɛud bac ad yesmeḥ i yewdan cwayt s cwayt ad reḥen ɣer lɛumara zi 4 kṭuber i dd-yegguren. Manaya ad yili illa i imezdaɣ i yellan di tmurt n Ssaɛud.
Yus-dd usurif-a n werẓam n twura n lɛumra awarn-i umi ttuɣa bellɛen s ssibbet n ubirus n kuruna.
Lwizara n daxxel n tmurt n ssaɛud, tenna deg yijjen ulaɣi-nnes belli arẓam n twura n lɛumra ad yeɛdu zi rebɛa n tsurifin: tamezwarut, zi 4 kṭuber, ad semḥen i yinni i 30% n yinni i yellan di Ssaɛud ɣer daxxel (6000 n yewdan).
Awarn-as s tnayen n simanat, ass n 18 zi kṭuber, ad reẓmen i 75 % n yinni i yellan di Ssaɛud ɣer daxxel abeɛda. A ten-jjen ad raḥen ɣer tmezgida n nnbi di Lmadina, ad ẓẓallen di lḥaramayn…
Zi 1 nuwanbir, ad tebda tsurift wiss tlata. Ad semḥen i yinni i yexsen ad ggen lɛumra zi Ssaɛud niɣ zi dduwal nneɣni i di wer yelli bu lxaṭar n ubirus. Ad awḍen al 100%.
tasurift tameggarut; Ad tili xmi i ɣa yettwaksi lebbla-ya n kuruna. Lexdenni, ad tedwel lɛumra ɣer mamek i ttuɣa-tt.
Ssaɛud ttuɣa tesbedd lɛumra d lḥijj zegga i dd-iban ubirus n Covid-19. Ula d lḥijj ibedd. Yallah 10 000 n lḥujjaj i iḥijjen asegg°as-a. Merra idsen zi daxxel n Ssaɛud. Nnumru-ya d walu mala nesmqudda-t aked ca n tnayen melyun d wezgen n lḥujjaj i iẓuren azzɣat.


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Le Rifain
Yenna uneɣlaf n berra n tmurt n Briṭanya Dominic Raab belli tamurt n Arusya tettɣawal ɣer tukkerḍa n ca trezzut x bakuna i ubirus n Kuruna.
Dominic Raab yessken s uḍaḍ ɣer Arusya belli texs ad treddej ijjen wemɛawan d amaḍlan i uṭewwer n bakuna n ubirus-a, amen yenna deg wawal-nnes belli » Arusya wer ten-yecqi walu bla tazzla ɣer rrbeḥ ».
Amesqad n Arusya di tmurt n Briṭanya yenker min dd-yusin x yiles n Dominic Raab, yenna deg yijjen wemsawal aked BBC belli tḥajit-a i nnan x tmurt-nnes wer das-tt-ikessi leɛqel, wer ɣer-s ula d ijjen lmeɛna.
Amesqad n Arusya yenker ɛawed deg wawal-nnes belli tamurt-nnes ttuɣa ɣer-s afus deg yestayen (lintixabat) n Briṭanya asegg°as i yeɛdun, s ca n lekwaɣeḍ (amen x-as nnan) wḍan-as-dd deg ufus s usexdem n ca n tebridin wer llint d tinni!
Lmexzen n Kanada d Umarikan d Briṭanya sseknen s ufus ass n lexmis i yeɛdun ɣer yijjen tegrawt qqaren-as « ABT 29 » texs ad tpiraṭa ca n tzemmar ttwaggent deg uṭewwer n bakuna n « Covid 19 », nnan belli tagrawt-a ɣer-s ifilan aked lmuxabart n Arusya.
Tala n lexber: BBC


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Toponymie de la région des Ait Yiraten Etude morphologique et sémantique
Date2015-09-22
Author
AOUDIA, Zohra
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
I usali n ukatay n taggara n turagt n mastir deg tesnilest (tasnulfawalt d tesniremt n Tmaziɣt), nexdem tazrawt nexdem tazrawt tasnalsit ɣef yismawen n yimeḍqan akked tudrin n temnaḍt n Larebɛa Nat Yiraten ama d ayen yerzan talɣa neɣ anamek n yismawen-agi. Deg unadi-agi neḍfer ad nefren ad neḍfer tarrayin d tezrawt tawurant n André Martinet imi d ta I iwulmen i unadi deg talɣa d unamek n wawalen. Amahil-nneɣ nebda-t s ujmaɛ n wammud n yismawen n yidigan akked tudrin n Larebɛa Nat Yiraten , nruḥ almi d tamnaḍt nesteqsa-d imezdaɣ akken ad aɣ-d-fken Ismawen n yimeḍqan d yinumak-nsen nejmeɛ-d azal n 160 n yismawen n yidigan, 100 seg-sen d awalen imagnuyen, ma d 60 niḍen d awalen uddisen. Mi d-nejmeɛ ammud-nneɣ nelḥa-d deg usali n ukatay, nebḍa-t ɣef kraḍ n yiḥricen; deg yixef amezwaru, d tazwart n ukatay d kra n tbadutin ɣef tezrawt tasnalsit n yismawen n yidigan. Deg yixef wis sin, d tazrawt talɣawayt n yismawen n yidigan yellan deg wammud-nneɣ, deg uḥric-a nnuda ɣef uẓar n wawal akked tmitar tigejdanin n yisem (addad, amḍan d tewsit) akked usileɣ n yismawen imeftiyen s usuddes neɣ s usuddem. Ma d aḥric wis kraḍ, d tazrawt tasnamkayt n yismawen n yidigan s usexdem n usegzawal n J.M.Dallet akked udlis n Fuḍil Crigan neɣ d inumak I aɣ-d-fkan yimezdaɣ n temnaḍt-agi, daɣen deg uḥric-agi, nemmeslay-d ɣef wassaɣen isnamkanen akked ubeddel n unamek (tagetnamka, tanmegla, takenwa d tumnayt). Ar taggara, nufa-d; ulac amgired deg wayen icudden ar talɣan yismawen n yidigan akked yiferdisen-niḍen n tutlayt. Nufa-d daɣen deg wammud-nneɣ llan wawalen ireṭṭalen ama si tefransist, taɛrabt, taterkit d tlatinit. Nwala awalen ireṭṭalen n tefransist qqimen s talɣa-nsen, ma yella d awalen ireṭṭalen n tutlayi-niḍen ttaṭṭafen tulmisin n wawal n Teqbaylit, nufa-d daɣen anamek I aɣ-d-fkan yimezdaɣ yemtawa d unamek I d-yefka Dallet. Llan kra n wawalen ur d-nufi ara anamek-nsen maca neɛreḍ ad d-nefk rray-nneɣ neɣ ad nexdem aglam I wadegnni akked wanda d-yezga.


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Nettheggi-d aṭas n yisenfaren seg sya ar sdat : « Tidwilin, irupurṭajen, imsedlas, imazraren, isura, » Ad ken-id-awḍen ugar n yisallen fell-asen deg usmel-nneY.
Tirebbuyaɛ-nneY ttwazuzrent deg unnar deg yal tamnaḍt (Tizi Wezzu, Tubiret, Bgayet, Lburǧ buɛrariǧ, Sṭif, Bumerdas akked Lezzayer), tzemrem ad aY-d-tarum izen s lmendad n usmel-nneY.
Seg ẓelmeḍ Yer yeffus Yazid Zennouche, Salah Souami, Mourad Itim, Zouhir Akkouche, Hocine Sahnoun, Rachid Beguenane akked Reda Amrani Yer umikṛu
AATQ5 d tasuddut war iswi adamsan, d tin i yellan ddaw n yizerfan n Québec, Tettwasebded-d deg yiswi n udemmer d uɛiwen s tedrimt ahilen n tiliẓri TQ5. Ahilen n TQ5 : Ahilen n urebbi d usegmi. Ahilen n warrac imeẓyanen. Ahilen n usmil d usifses n tussna i ugdud (wid i d-yettwalin). Ahilen n Read more..


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Asqamu n yineɣlafen : mennaw n yisenfaren n tnaḍin tiselwayanin i yettwaqbalenAsamas, 21 Meɣres 2021 23:46
LEZZZAYER TAMANEƔT - Asqamu n yineɣlafen i ga ass n usamas (lḥedd) timlilit-is tawalant, ddaw n tselwit n Uselway n Tegduda, Mass Abdelmadjid Tebboune, Aɣella unnig n Tdusiyin Tumrigin, aneɣlaf n Temḥaddit taɣelnawt, ideg skeyden isenfaren n tnaḍin tiselwayanin yerzan mennaw n yigzumen ttwaqbalen, i d-yenna yiwen n ulɣu n Tselwit n Tegduda, ha-tt-an tukkist seg uḍris i d-tessuqel Tnegga n Yisalan n Lezzayer :
Djerad : ibedd unabaḍ ɣer yidis n yinesfaren, acku yessefk ad ilin deg tdamsa tatrartAsiḍyas, 20 Meɣres 2021 23:24
WEHRAN - Aneɣlaf Amenzu, Abdelaziz Djerad yenna-d ass n Usiḍyas (ssebt), dakken anmeqqen n unabaḍ akken ad ibedd ɣer yidis n yinesfaren, acku yessefk ad ilin i wakken ad nebnu tadamsa tatrart deg tmurt-nneɣ.
Talwit deg Mali : Asnas « usdid » n umtawa n Lezzayer tamaneɣt, ulac fell-as tarewlaAkwas, 18 Meɣres 2021 21:21
LEZZAYER TAMANEƔT –Aneɣlaf n Yiweẓla iwerdaniyen, Sabri Boukadoum, yenna-d ass n Ukuẓas (lexmis) dakken asnas « usdid » n umtawa n telwit akked umsuɣal deg Mali, i d-ilulen seg ukala n Lezzayer tamaneɣt, « ilaq » i wakken ad tuɣal telwit deg tmurt-a tanaragt.
Skeyden mennaw n yigzumen deg temlilit n unabaḍAkras, 17 Meɣres 2021 21:54
LEZZAYER TAMANEƔT - Aneɣlaf Amenzu, Abdelaziz Djerad, yesselwi ass Ukraḍas (larebɛa) deg Lezzayer tamaneɣt, yiwet n temlilit n unabaḍ ɣef mennaw n yigzumen, gar-asen Agensu, Timeḍrit, Azedduɣ akked Yimuhal inagduden akked Umesni, i d-yenna yiwen n ulɣu n yimeẓla n uɣlif ha-tt-an tukkist seg uḍris :
Anfafad Bu Tesmert (Covid-19) : Asiɣzef n ukman uzgin deg uxxam deg 16 n yigezdaAsinas, 16 Meɣres 2021 21:58
LEZZAYER TAMANEƔT - Yeɣtes unabaḍ ass n usinas (ttlata), deg ukatar n usnas n yiweṣṣiyen n uselway n Tegduda, Abdelmadjid Tebboune, akken ad yessiɣzef n wakaten n ukman uzgin deg uxxam, seg usrag wis 22h00 ar azekka-nni ɣef wis 05h00, i yiwen n umenḍar n mraw d semmus (15) n wussan, seg wass n ukraḍas (larebɛa) 17 Meɣres d afella deg 16 n yigezda, deg ukatar n umennuɣ mgal n uzuzzer n waṭan n Unfafad Bu Tesmert (Covid-19), i d-yenna yiwen n ulɣu n yimeẓla n uneɣlaf Amenzu, ha-tt-an tukkist seg uḍris :
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LEZZAYER TAMANEƔT - Aselway n Tegduda, Mass Abdelmadjid Tebboune yettekka ass n usinas (ttlata) deg yiwet n temlilit « taxatart » n Usqamu n telwit akked tɣellist n Tdukli Tafriqit yerzan iɣellaten n Uwanak akked unabaḍ, i d-yenna yiwen n ulɣu n Tselwit n Tegduda.


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I tikkelt tamezwarut, seld 15 n yiseggasen-aya ɣer deffir, ur d-tettili ara tfaska d tmeɣra n yennayer deg temdint n Wehran i useggas amaynut n Yimaziɣen 2971. D tafaska tameqqrant i tennum Tddukkla Tadelsant Numidya tesfuggul-itt yal aseggas, ɣef teɣzi n yimalas. Maca aseggas-a imi d-yusa waṭṭan n covid-19 am yir inebgi ɣef umaḍal merra aseggas-a, yesseḥbes kra yellan d timlilit n yidles, yerra abernus aberkan fell-as, ḥebsent tfaskiwin, sebken yisaragen, yers-d wagu ɣef yidles. Ɣef waya, berrḥen-d yiɛeggalen n Tddukkla Numidya deg usebter-nsen n facebook, nnan-d “S usḥissef, ad aɣ-ssurfen yimeddukkal, wid yuɣen tannumi ttekkin yid-neɣ deg tfaska n yennayer yal aseggas, imi aseggas-a ur nezmir ara ad nili di ttiɛad am yal tikkelt.
Nessaram bxir akk i tellam, i tellamt”. D tafaska i d-yessemliliyen ddeqs n leqbayel n temnaḍt-a n Wehran, ttasen-d aṭas n yinebgawen seg tmurt n leqbayel, ama i tẓuri (d imedyazen, d icennayen neɣ d imyura), ama i temsikent (yal wa acu n taɣult uɣur icudd). Aseggas-a, ad yettwazgel usiher-a, acku mačči deg ufus n umdan i d-teqqim, d aṭṭan amcum i yesḥebsen kra yellan d taɣult, ɣas akka tineggura-a tebda tettuɣal tudert akken tella. Nessaram ad yekfu lhemm s tɣawla, ad yuɣal yalci s amkan-is. I usmekti, ula deg wahil n uɣerbaz, yal 12 janvier n yal aseggas, tettceggiɛ Teɣlift n usedwel aɣelnaw ulɣuyen i yiɣerbazen, akken ad d-yili usfuggel d umagger n yixef n useggas n Yimaziɣen s wudem unṣib deg tsuddwin merra n usedwel, maca ar tura ur d-iban ara ma ad d-yili waya deg wussan i d-itteddun, neɣ xaṭi.
Xerṣum ma yettwazgel aseggas-a deg yiɣerbazen neɣ deg tdukkliwin, ad t-id-smektin leqbayel ama deg yixxamen, ama deg yizeḍwa inmettiyen s yisaragen d tugniwin icebḥen, ama s tira n yiḍrisen ɣef yennayer, ama s tiɣin n yidlisen n tmaziɣt di temkerḍiyin sɣur yal yiwen, akken ad d-yili usfuggel n yennayer s wudem-nniḍen, udem adelsan ussnan.
Khaled Achoui


text:
Aẓuni aɣisan
Aẓuni aɣisan d tamhelt n tẓunt d beṭṭu n weɣyay n ubelkim aẓayan ɣer sin n izegnan neɣ ugar, s temhelt-a yettuɣal kra n uferdis ɣer uferdis niden ayen i d-igellun s inyutrunen d ifutunen ilan (yesɛan) tafasa meqqren (aladɣa Azenzar gamma) yakk d tizelɣiwin tiɣisanin am tzelɣa a d tazelɣa B. Aẓuni n yiferdisen iẓayanen igellu-d s unulfu n tesmektiwin meqqren n tfasa taẓeɣlant d tzenzarant.
Aẓuni aɣisan yettusemres deg ufares n tfasa tazarurant deg yimsedmiren iɣisanen yakk d ufares n yimrigen iɣisanen.


text:
bnict nbict binct ibnct nibct inbct bncit nbcit bcnit cbnit ncbit cnbit bicnt ibcnt bcint cbint icbnt cibnt nicbt incbt ncibt cnibt icnbt cinbt bnitc nbitc bintc ibntc nibtc inbtc bntic nbtic btnic tbnic ntbic tnbic bitnc ibtnc btinc tbinc itbnc tibnc nitbc intbc ntibc tnibc itnbc tinbc bncti nbcti bcnti cbnti ncbti cnbti bntci nbtci btnci tbnci ntbci tnbci bctni cbtni btcni tbcni ctbni tcbni nctbi cntbi ntcbi tncbi ctnbi tcnbi bictn ibctn bcitn cbitn icbtn cibtn bitcn ibtcn bticn tbicn itbcn tibcn bctin cbtin btcin tbcin ctbin tcbin ictbn citbn itcbn ticbn ctibn tcibn nictb inctb ncitb cnitb icntb cintb nitcb intcb nticb tnicb itncb tincb nctib cntib ntcib tncib ctnib tcnib ictnb citnb itcnb ticnb ctinb tcinb
Note: these 'words' (valid or invalid) are all the permutations of the word bnict. These words are obtained by scrambling the letters in bnict.


text:
Ejj amezwaru ad nessars afus nneɣ x tbadut n tutlayt. Tutlayt war teǧi ca amecnaw taɣma n wawařen; tutlayt d taremmast (= middelen) n umṣawaḍ. Tutlayt d řqendart n tusna, d dduzan n uxarreṣ. Tusna n weydud aqa-t teẓḍeɣ deg wawařen. Maca iwɛar ad nessen manis d kkin wawařen twarat tamezwarut. Mařa nedweř ɣar uxarreṣ n iyduden n zic, ntaff din zzaysen wi tuɣa itamnen aqa tutlayt temmewc asen-d d anguř zi ɣar Yakuc umi qqaren Pitaḥ (Egyptische god Ptah).
Manis-d ɣa nebda i wesfttuti n iyyar-a? S minzi ɣa nessen imař n tutlayt iqqen ɣar izri (= verleden) n tusna.
Aẓdam amezwaru, tamkerra tameqqrant deg iyyar n tutlayt n Tmaziɣt teqqen ɣar iẓewran n umezruy n tutlayt n Imaziɣen n zic. Marra min ikkin d tamara x Tmaziɣt, ntaff itt ɛad teddar, tessemɣara wi iǧan nnes. Marra min ikkin d tamara x Tmaziɣt deg ussan ikkin, ntaff itt ɛad teggur ɣar zzat, war dayes řimart n tewsar. Aṭṭas n iřsawen tuɣa carcen tudart ak-d Tmaziɣt mmuten, weddaren; Tmaziɣt tessiwḍ-d tasafut (flambouw) nnes řux ɛad. Ijj n umsiweḍ (factor) n imsawaḍen n tudart n Tmaziɣt iɣmi di tṣekkawt (řebni) n wawařen. Awařen n tutlyat msebḍan x tnayen: (i) ‘iwri’ (= arbitrair, onomatopee) d umsisi (= conventioneel, ingeboren). Imedyaten (= voorbeelden) n ‘iwri’ ixs ad yini awař yarwess deg umesři (seř) niɣ di ṣṣuṭ n wawař; qqaren as s Tmaziɣt n ‘publaw’: forma n tira n wawař d ufuɣ n wawař zeg uqemmum (d wanzaren), d lmeɛna n wawař, marra d ijj, amcnaw: aqarqeb (qrb.qb.), ṣuḍ, itṣuḍ usemmiḍ, ajjaj, addaz, becc (cccc), ccur (aman-ccc..rrr), zruddeḥ, sřiwřiw, qareqra (qr.qr), tixsi (bbaaɛ), tafunast (muuh=tesmuhrut), tyaẓiṭ (tesqaqa= qa qa), arjuj (jjjj), izi (bzzz), mařa ca n ijj innuɣ as ureqquz deg uqemmum itneɣnuɣ (ɣɣɣɣ), mařa ca n ijj ixs ad yarr zeg uqemmum neqqar as aqa itɛuqqa (ɛɛɛ…qqq). Mařa ca n ijj ɣares tiɣunam n nnefs qqnent, xmi iteṭṭes icexxar (ccc…xxx…rrr). Umi bdan iyduden ad ssiwřen, tuɣa arewsen timijjiwin n iɣersiwen (= řmař). Awařen umi neqqar ‘iwri’ (= arbitrair) war qedden ḥuma iwdan ad inin min xsen. Mammec txarseḍ cek ad yaff utarras n wakud n uzarmezray (= prehistorie) awařen zi ɣa yini: ‘a dhar n ubarran a ssus n yexsan, wi zzayek iɣarren ad zzayes iɣar zman,…Temsaman ma thewen ac, ma tɣir ac d benneɛman!’, niɣ ad ifhem awařen-a n Chomsky: “ Colourless green ideas sleep furiously.” Tutlayin twaggent deg wakud n uzarmezray, maca aṭṭas n wawařen d tawařin weddaren deg wakud n itraren (= moderne tijden) n iḍa. Ḥuma ad zemmaren iwdan ad inin marra min xsen, d marra min tacan, d marra min innḍen i iyyar n uxarreṣ d tmesna, xarsen deg iwařen i war ɣar iǧi ca umesři yarwes di tira n wawař.
Neẓra sennej aqa zi řeɛjayeb n Tmaziɣt i yuǧɣen deg wakud n zic, ntaff tutlayt-a waxxa marra min xas ikkin d tamara zi temharsiwin (= kolonialisme) ɛad aqa teddar, tbedd x iḍaren nnes, tsewwaqen zzayes di tmurt n Tmezɣa. Tamkerra nneɣni, ɣar rexxu imesnawen n tutlayt d inmezrayen (= historicus) war ssinen manis-d tekka Tmaziɣt niɣ aẓwar i ɣar teqqen. Rexxu ad nedweř ɣar wazzay n usenteř-a (= thema). Ḍfar ak idi mammec ggin Imaziɣen ssemɣaren amawař nsen. Ad nisi ijj n umedya imeyyer x usekkiř n F. S usekkiř n F, ntaff:aff, affa, uf, fu, ifif, fafa, uca ruḥ xas am nni. Zeg weẓwar n F, ntaff = af, ‘af min iweddaren’; uf = ‘y-uf xafi’ niɣ ‘s-uf ifassen nnec’; zeg weẓwar d ijj ntaff: fu = ‘dayes iḍeṣ sminzi it-fu’; maca ijj n F war itqeddi i marra ixarriṣen, immarni ijj n F nneɣni amecnaw : fa-fa: ‘it-fafa x tmenyat’, ‘ikkared it-fafa’ (= afaqi n deɣya); ḥuma ad itwassemɣar umawař, xemmen Imaziɣen n zic ad ssidfen isekkiřen nneɣni ɣar deffar niɣ ɣar zzat n wawař, amcnaw: uf+ɣ = ɣ-uf (iɣufa, aɣufi). Aṭṭas n wawařen meqqaren s tmarniwt n isekkiřen (= řeḥruf) ɣar umezwar, amecnaw da: f—uf—ɣuf—sɣuf—msɣuf—tw(a)sɣuf. Tmarniwt n isekkiřen ɣar zzat, amcnaw: ff-ɣ, ff-ẓ, f-k, f-ř. Tamarniwt ɣar zzat n isekkiřen war iǧi ca d amegdaz (= voldoende) i tudart n uydud sminzi ntaff tamarniwt n isekkiřen zzat i af: af-ɣuř, af-unas, af-tis, af-ḍis, af-řay, af-qqus, af-us, af-ud, af-ḍiḍ, uca ruḥ xas ammu. War ntettu ca aqa marra awařen-a i d idareɣ sennej tiggezt nsen tcarc ak-d Tmegzi (= intelligentsia) n Imaziɣen. X ijj n uɣezdis nneɣni, mara nbezzeɛ awař n tfuct niɣ nesseqsa x weẓwar nnes, ntaff dayes ‘fu’, tnayen n twaratin n ‘fu’ tticc aneɣ ‘fu-fu’, wa d awař qqarent iḥenjeren imeẓyanen i tmessi, war ntettu ca aqa tfuct nettat d aẓwar n tmessi d teẓɣeřt (= temperatuur). S umata, zeg weẓwar n F, ntaff ɛawed: f-ad, f-an (taffant), f-ři, d waṭṭas n wawařen nneɣni. Ad nedweř ɣar usekkiř n F. Tnayen n F arni xas tnayen n i, ntaff awař n: if-if. Mařa nessizwar asekkiř n M qbeř i F, ntaff ‘m-aff’, amecnaw ‘maff n ijḍaḍ niɣ tenni/wenni itafen ijḍaḍ. War da iǧi wemcan mani ɣa nessidef awařen amecnaw taffa, taffant, d waṭṭas n wawařen nneɣni amecnaw asifef (= ziften), ifer, afar, ifri, aferas, afferfer, uffuren, fruri, aferfur, afercic. Zi far, nzemmar ad d nessiři awaren-a: far-iḍennaḍ, far-tiwecca, far-waẓɣat (iffar-iḍennaḍ). Ntaff ɛawed tnayen n far, amecnaw far-far tiwecca, far-far iḍennaḍ. Ad nedweř ɣar tseɣnawt (= uitvinding) n wawařen ntaff tiɣit n Imaziɣen tbedd x iḍaren nnes. Ad newc ijj n umedya ḥuma ad nessemɣar tamuɣři (= visie). Ayur (niɣ aṭṭas qqaren as char) d awař n Tmaziɣt, ayur dayes +/- 30 n ussan, ayur i iǧan deg ujenna itenneḍ ijj n twara deg uyur/char. Imaziɣen qbeř i Galilu (1564-1642) tuɣa snen aqa ayur itenneḍ minzi i das wcin isem n ‘ayur’, mařa narra [y = g] amecnaw (aynaw=agnaw, ayraw=agraw, tayyut=tagut, aryaz=argaz), ntaff ayur ikked zi agur, minzi iggur, itenneḍ. Tuɣa snen ɛawed aqa tammurt ttenneḍ amecnaw xmi neqqar aqa “tenneḍ-d ɣari tmurt”. Ad neqqim deg ujenna, ad nisi ijj n umedya nneɣni. Neqqar as neccin s Tmaziɣt ‘asegnu’ xmi ttiři tayyut niɣ řimart n tfuct tweddar; aẓwar n wawař n ‘asegnu’ ikke-d zi [ass+ignu]. Aẓwař n wawař GN, itwanna i ca n ijj mařa war issiwiř: d agnaw, umi d udfen, di tmiḍi (= eeuw) n 16 awarni Ɛisa, ifrikanen n wadday (Ssudan) ɣar tmurt n Lmeɣrib ggin asen isem: Ignawen (gnawa), s minzi tuɣa war ssiwiřen iřes n tutlayt n Tmaziɣt. War tamnem ca di min qqaren idřisen n waɛraben aqa isem ‘gnawa’ ikke-d zi ‘Kinya’ axmi Imaziɣen tuɣa war ɣarsen ca asekkiř n ‘K’ uca war zemmaren ad inin ‘knawa’, nnan ‘gnawa’! Ad nedweř ɣar [ass+ignu], ajenna di tusna n Imaziɣen ɣares udmawen. Xmi itiři uyur ifarḥ, war ignu ca neqqar as azir, zzayes i d tekka tziri. Xmi itiři ujenna ixeyyeq neqqar as: ‘assegnu’, ixs ad yini ɛawed tfuct aqa teṭṭes niɣ tejna. S umsadaɣ ak (= parallel met) Timsisřit (= Fonetiek) d tasniřsit (=Fonologie), ad nebda s tnayen n wasmawen: [izi d iẓi]. Deg iyyar n iřsawen, awařen zemmaren ad ten tessinded (tḥesbed), maca tifyirin (= zinnen) war ɣarsent ca badu (= řḥedd).Din 100.000 n markat n yizan sennej i tmurt. Asget (= meervoud) n izi=izan. Maca ‘iẓi’ war ɣares ca asget! Sminzi ɣa nessen mayemmi Imaziɣen n zic xarsen ad ggen badu jar Z n yizi d Ẓ n yiẓi? Izi dayes 5 santim. Iẓi dayes 10 santim, iẓi ismuna aẓru (niɣ tiẓra ḥuma war tɣimint di tsa), war iǧi ca azru (Z # Ẓ).
Marra manaya war d yusi ca zeg ujenna, wa d axarreṣ, d tusna n Imaziɣen. Tufayt (= nadruk) n Ẓ n yiẓi iqqen ak tiddi n wawařen. Am yizi, am yiẓi, s tnayen idsen teqqsen, ijj iteqqes di barra ijj iteqqes ɣar daxeř. S tnayen idsen d imarzag. Zi Z n yizi ntaff: izi ameqqran (= iristalis), tzizwit, tizit d uzinzar. Zi Ẓ n yiẓi ntaff: tiẓẓar, aẓru, aẓri, areẓẓa.
izi izan tizit tzizwit izen azar izwar izri (verleden)
iẓi ø tiẓẓar tiẓra (y)areẓẓa iẓir iẓwar iẓri (schoonheid)
Ufiɣ di Tmaziɣt aqa aṭṭas n wawařen mani iǧa Ẓ, addad n wawař iqqen ɣar min iǧan di tenfařyin (= uitdrukking) n wawařen n daxeř, amecnaw: iẓi, taẓẓit iseřm (= isennanen n wesřem), tiẓẓar, iẓẓan…….
Ḥuma ad ssemɣareɣ min xseɣ ad iniɣ s manaya, ad awem wceɣ ca n wawařen s Tegranzect: awařen-a beddan s bl- u marra qqnen ɣar ijj n uxarreṣ, amecnaw: black, blue, blond, blush, blank, marra asmawen-a n initen (= kleuren). Ntaff ɛawed aṭṭas n wawařen n iɣersiwen daysen Ƴ, amecnaw: aɣarda, tɣirdent (tɣirdent n isan), afiɣar, aɣyul, iɣiɣi, tadɣaɣat, aɣla/iɣelwan (jonge ram), tiɣeydet n weẓɣar, aɣaḍ (oude geit), taɣla (jonge schapen) ařɣem, taɣaṭṭ, aɣřař. Mařa nfafa x wasmawen n iɣersiwen nneɣni, ntaff: uccen, amuc, amcic, ucca. S manaya i dawem ssecneɣ sennej, xseɣ ad awem arezmeɣ ijj n webrid deg iyyar n idrugen (= mysterieën) n Tmaziɣt.
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text:
Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin, amassan n ugama aglizi, ilul di Shopshire ass n 12 deg furar1809, yemmut di Dawne ass n 19 deg yebrir 1882. Imahilen-is ɣef temhazt n telmas timuddirin ḍḥan-d d wid yessegrawlen tasnudert segmi d-yessufeɣ adlis-is Iẓuran n telmas deg useggas n 1859. Dɣa asmi yella icae yisem-is gar imassanen s inadiyen iga, i yessker yiwet n turda i d-yeqqaren belli tilmas akk timuddirn yellan zemrent ad ilint seg yiwen neɣ si kra kan n ijaddiyen ucriken i d-uɣent aẓar armi mehzent ɣef teɣzi n wakud, s twisi n wayen iwumi qqaren afran agaman.
Di tilawt, mačči d netta i yennan d amezwaru belli amdan yeqqers-d seg yibki (aḥallum, iddew), acku yezwar-it ɣer waya Lamarck s xemsin iseggasen, ulamma tazrawt -is netta (Darwin) ɣef tikti-nni daɣ i tettawi yerna tessegza lumuṛ s telqey ; baqi segmi d-yeffeɣ udlis-nni-ines yuɣal yegget fell-as wawal d unṭag deg ijernanen d wanda nniḍen, ladɣa si tamiwin timasɣanin (imdeyynen) i iwalan deg-s ankaṛ n wamek i yettwassen uxlaq n ddunit d wayen yettidiren, sɣur Rebbi, meḥsub werǧin i d-yella Adem neɣ Ḥewwa am akken i t-id-nnant tektabin tuɣrisin. Ihi ur d-dduklen yid-s imassanen s tidet armi d aseggas 1870 mi rnan walan tidet-is ɣer wiyaḍ deg wayen yerzan tiẓri n tehezt (théorie d’évolution) i d-yessumer, dɣa din i tebda tdarwinẓrit tettaɣ abrid deg ubeddel n tmuɣliwin tinudranin armi d-wwḍen wallalen imaynuten di lqern wiss 20 i itebbten awal-is ula ɣef ufran agaman i yellan tuɣ yezzi-yas ccekk. M’akken i d-yesnulfa tussan-yi tamaynut ara yuɣalen d taxatart maḍi syin d afella, Darwin yella d amnadi kan amecṭuḥ ifukken leqraya-s deg uɣiwen n Ṭṭebba n tesdawit n Edambourg, ihi yedda deg uɣarrabu Beagle i yeffɣen deg tuɣḍaṭ unadi i tikelt tis snat, ɣer tnila n Temrikt n Wenẓul, iruḥ s yisem-is d amesnakal kan imi d wayen i d-yelha imir. Maca ayen i t-iwellhen tikelt tamezwarut, d ayen iɣer yerra tamawt deg tgzirin n Galápagos ɣef kra n telmas n yiwen wefrux. Afrux-a llant kra n tlemas-is ɣur-neɣ ; deg tama n usammar n Bgayet qqaren-as abulkettan, deg Ǧerǧer abuferriw neɣ amenferriw (pinson). Ihi mi imuqel yaf sin ispisimanen i d-yekkan si snat tegzirin yemqaraben, ttemcabin deg kullec ala deg uqamum : yiwen zur, wayeḍ rqiq. Syin iwala yal afrux ggtent telmas-is deg yiwet n tewsit (genre), dɣa yesteqsa iman-is : ma d win iwumi qqaren Axellaq i igan akka annect-a, amek yeeni ara s-yini wayi ad s-geɣ aqamum akka, wayeḍ akken nniḍen, neɣ ad ten-ssemxlafeɣ kan deg teɣmi n rric ? Yerna mačči kan ɣur yefrax i llant lewhayem, ula si tama n iɣersiwen imeqqranen : amek yiwen deg leḥcic i ikess wayeḍ yettseyyiḍ iɣersiwen-nni at leḥcic s yiman-nsen ? Yuɣ lḥal tamella ur telli deg teẓgi neɣ daxel n yillel, ayen izemren i kra-iḍen yečč-it !


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Darija
Taɛṛabt tamɣribiyt nɣ Ddarija tamɣribiyt (s uskkil aɛṛab: الدّارجة) tga yat tantala taɛṛabt ittyusawaln ɣ lmɣrib, aya a f illa umyarmas ar yat tskʷflt gr-as d tɛṛabt tadzayrit d tɛṛabt tatunsiyt ar yat tskʷflt ikrin f tmzwarut. Tusi-d tantala-ad kigan zɣ ummzday-nns d tutlayin timaziɣin, talatint d tbuniqt d tfṛansist d tsbnyult. Imzarayn gr-as d tantlayin n ugmuḍ anammas mqqurn aylliɣ tt akkʷ ssiḍnn kra n imsnilsn, ɣ tsga n tntlayin ann yaḍn n tfriqt n ugafa, am tutlayt waḥdu-tt.
Taɛṛabt tamɣribiyt teṭṭaf mnnawt tmzarayin tinmnaḍin d iɣdbba (accents). Tamazrayt akkʷ ikkan f tiyyaḍ tga tt tin tgmmi tumlilt, Ṛṛbaṭ d Fas, aya nn a f tumẓ adɣar imqqurn ɣ usnɣms s unmgal n tmzarayin zun d tin Ṭanja d Wujda.
Isaɣulnsnfl
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Darija". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.


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1
D acu ara d-nini ihi ɣef Sidna Ibṛahim, jeddi-tneɣ ? Amek i tedṛa yid-es ?
2
Lemmer yețwaḥseb d aḥeqqi s lxiṛ yexdem, tili yesɛa sebba s wayes ara izuxx, meɛna ur yezmir ara ad izuxx zdat Sidi Ṛebbi.
3
Akken yura di tira iqedsen : Sidna Ibṛahim yețkel ɣef Ṛebbi, daymi i gețwaḥseb d aḥeqqi .
4
Axeddam yuklal lexlaṣ-is, lexlaṣ ines ur s-ițwaḥseb ara d lemziya meɛna d lḥeqq-is.
5
Akken daɣen win ur nețkil ara ɣef lxiṛ i gxeddem, meɛna yețkel ɣef Ṛebbi i gețțarran amednub d aḥeqqi, ad yețwaḥseb d aḥeqqi ɣef ddemma n liman-is.
6
Akka i gessefra Sidna Dawed ɣef wemdan i gḥețțeb Sidi Ṛebbi d aḥeqqi mbla ma yemmuqel ɣer lefɛayel-is :
7 D iseɛdiyen wid iwumi țwasemḥent seyyat-nsen, iwumi țwamḥan ddnubat -nsen !
8 D aseɛdi wemdan iwumi ur iḥsib ara Sidi Ṛebbi ddnub-is !
9Lfeṛḥ-agi, yella i wid iḍehṛen kan neɣ yella daɣen i wid ur neḍhiṛ-ara ? Nenna-d belli : Ṛebbi iḥseb Sidna Ibṛahim d aḥeqqi ɣef ddemma n liman-ines.
10Melmi ițwaḥseb Sidna Ibṛahim d aḥeqqi, uqbel ad yeḍheṛ neɣ armi geḍheṛ ? Mačči armi geḍheṛ meɛna uqbel !
11?ṭhaṛa tusa-yas-ed d țbut, d ccama i d-isbeggnen belli Sidi Ṛebbi yerra-t d aḥeqqi ɣef ddemma n liman-ines uqbel ad yeḍheṛ. S wakka Sidna Ibṛahim yuɣal d jedd n wid akk yumnen, i gețwaḥesben d iḥeqqiyen ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi ɣas ur ḍhiṛen ara.
12Yella daɣen d jedd n wid akk iḍehṛen, ur nețkil ara ɣef ṭṭhaṛa-nsen kan meɛna tebɛen lateṛ-is, sɛan liman i gesɛa uqbel ad yeḍheṛ.
13Ayen akk i gewɛed Sidi Ṛebbi d lweṛt di ddunit i Sidna Ibṛahim akk-d dderya n dderya-s, ur s-t-iwɛid ara imi i getbeɛ ccariɛa, meɛna imi i gețkel fell-as. Daymi i t-yeḥseb Sidi Ṛebbi d aḥeqqi.
14Lemmer d wid ittabaɛen ccariɛa ara iweṛten, iwumi ihi liman, iwumi lweɛd n Sidi Ṛebbi.
15Axaṭer d ccariɛa i d-ițawin urrif n Ṛebbi, lemmer ulac ccariɛa ur d-tețțili ara tṛuẓi n ccariɛa.
16Lweɛd i d-yefka Sidi Ṛebbi i Sidna Ibṛahim, yebna ɣef liman iwakken ad yili d lemziya, ad țekkin deg-s dderya n dderya-s mačči d wid kan yessnen ccariɛa lameɛna wid akk yumnen am nețța, yuɣal d jeddi-tneɣ nukni akk s wid yumnen.
17Am akken yura di Tawṛat n Sidna Musa : Sbeddeɣ-k iwakken aț-țiliḍ d jedd n waṭas n leǧnas. Yuɣal d jeddi-tneɣ zdat Ṛebbi s wayes i gumen, i d-iḥeggun lmegtin, i d-ixelqen ayen ur nelli ara.
18?as akken ur d-iqqim usirem, Sidna Ibṛahim yuṛǧa s lețkal d ameqqran armi yuɣal d jedd n waṭas n yegduden akken i s-yenna Sidi Ṛebbi : Akka ara tili dderya n dderya-k.
19Liman n Sidna Ibṛahim ur yenqis ara ɣas akken qṛib ad issiweḍ meyya iseggasen, iwala iman-is dayen ur yezmir ara ad isɛu dderya, yerna tameṭṭut-is Saṛa teǧǧa-ț dderya.
20Yețkel ɣef Sidi Ṛebbi, ur t-yekcim ara ccekk ɣef wayen i s-yewɛed. D liman yesɛa i t-isǧehden, s wakka i gețḥemmid Sidi Ṛebbi Bab n tezmert.
21Yețkel belli Sidi Ṛebbi yezmer a s-d-yefk ayen i s-yewɛed.
22?ef wannect-agi i t-yeḥseb Sidi Ṛebbi d aḥeqqi.
23Mačči fell-as kan i gura di tira iqedsen : Yețwaḥseb d aḥeqqi,
24lameɛna fell-aɣ ula d nukni, imi numen s win i d-isseḥyan Ɛisa Ssid nneɣ si ger lmegtin.
25Yețțunefk ad immet ɣef ddemma n ddnubat nneɣ, isseḥya-t-id Sidi Ṛebbi si ger lmegtin iwakken a nuɣal d iḥeqqiyen.


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Adren
Adren neɣ ider (Assaɣ ussnan: Quercus) d tawsit n Isekla yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tazzant tla (tesɛa) azal n 600 n talmest n tsafin d yider id yettemɣayen deg wezgen agafan n tegnit. amur ameqran deg-sent d isekla maca llant daɣen telmas ttemɣayent-d d timedkin neɣ d icekeryad (asget n ucekrid). Dɣa isekla n wedren d ticafcalin yerna tid yettidiren aṭas n iseggasen (gar n 500 ar 2000 iseggasen)
Isekla n wedren d tid ilan (yesɛan) tuggta meqqren deg wayen yezzin ɣef ubleɣ d tarrayt n wemɣay anda llant tmedkin ur ugarent ara 1 Mitre deg wakud dgi llant telmas n isekla i yugaren 30 m. Dɣa tilmas-a ur sseɣlayent ara iferran deg umwan di tamiwin anda yella unzwu yemnummsen tilmas-a gant d timeɣlalin n tizzegzut maca deg yideggan isemmṭen amur ameqran n tilmas-a sseɣlayen-t iferr
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Asismel[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
(Yeqqen ar umuɣ n telmas n yider)
Tawsit n yider (a.u Quercus) tettadam gar n 200 ar 600 n telmas. Tilmas-a ttemɣayen-tt-d s talɣa tagejdant deg yideggan imnummsanen alamma d ideggan izunmezzayen deg wezgen agafan n tegnit. Akken daɣen id ttemɣayent deg yideggan yeflalen n Indonesia, s unect n ITIS tilmas-a gant d:
- Ider amric — (Quercus acerifolia)
Tilmas[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Tasaft — (Quercus ilex)
- Tasaft yizem — (Quercus coccifera)
- Afernan — (Quercus suber)
- Ider azeggaɣ — ( Quercus rubra)
- Titcet — (Quercus pyrenaica)
- Tucet (neɣ tacet neɣ tazanet) — (Quercus canariensis)


text:
Timeddukkal,
Imeddukal,
Azul,
Ulamma ur zmireY ara ad iliY yid-kent/wen di temlilit-agi, dacu eerḍeY ad iliY s yizen-agi-inu.
SsarameY timlilit-agi ad d-teffeY s wayen ara d-yawin ayen ilhan i tmurt n Leqbayel ; ayen s wacu amennuY-nneY i tlelli n Tmurt n Leqbayel ad yaẓ ar zdat.
Nekk, akken ttwaliY tilufa, ass-agi ur d-yegri yara kra n uṛaǧu ḥala ma yella nebYa ad neṭṭallay di tmurt-nneY tetteddu ar uẓekka i s-Yzan wid yebYan ad aY-snegren ; aẓekka i s-iYez udabu azzayri.
Ass-agi, ilaq ad d-iban dacu nebYa.
NebYa ad nili, neY ur nebYi wara ?!
Dacu waqila timlilit-agi ma tella-d, d akken nebYa ad nili.
Ihi yiwen ubrid kan i Y-id-yegran : d abrid n umennuY Yef tlelli-nneY, Yef timunent n tmurt-nneY.AmennuY i wakken ad nekkes azaglu i Y-yerra udabu azzayri s tieuṛbebt d
tneslemt.
Acengu iwala dacu i ixeddem; Nekni, ilaq ad nissin dacu
ara nexdem.Yeqqim-aY-d kan ihi ad tt-nefru yid-s : d netta
neY d nekni.
Ass-a ilaq-aY ad ncemmeṛ i yiYallen i wakken ad neqdec Yef tmurt-nneY, i wakken ad tt-id-nesban d tamurt gar tmura-nniḍen. Nekni ad d-nban gar yegduden n umaḍal s
udabu-nneY, s tutlayt-nneY, s umezruy-nneY…
Tamurt n Yiqbayliyen – Izen n tikkin n mass Masin Ferkal i Usarag Aɣelnaw Aqbayli
Timeddukkal,


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CMINI DEG AT WEƔLIS (SIWEL) — Ameɣnas n tuqqna tasdawant n Vgayet Lyas At yelha d win i wumi d-iceyyee daɣen udavu amhersan akken ad ieeddi ɣer uxxam n temsulta n Cmini.
Asarag s tiliẓri n mass aselway Ferḥat Mehenni di tesdawit n Vgayet ieeddan akken iwata ass 06 yevrir 2021 yeǧǧa-d arjujen i udavu. Kra wussan kan mi d-yeḍra usarag, adavu iceyyee-d yakan i sin i yimeɣnasen n tuqqna tasdawant Mesṭafa Ɛekkuc akked Bilal Ḥamiṭuc; tikkelt-a, ha-t-an yuɣal-d daɣen ɣer umeɣnas nniḍen Lyas At Yelha.
Imeɣnasen, anda llan gar-asen yesdawanen n tesdawit n Vgayet ladɣa, fkan-d udem icevḥen i umennuɣ n tmunent i tmurt Taqvaylit, Ivan-d deg-sen belli d isdawanen yeɣran, ifehmen, iwalan d acu ixeddmen.
Adavu amhersan, ur yesei ara tifrat nniḍen s-way-s ara iqavel imeɣnasen ifehmen anagar aceyyee ɣer lekwaɣeḍ ɣer uxxam n temsulta d ucarae d leḥvus. D acu kan, iseɣ, levɣi d lefhama izereen deg yal ameɣnas mačči dayen i yezmer udavu.
Ad nini i umeɣnas n wazal Lyas At Yelha, akken ma nella aql-aɣ ɣer yidis-ik.
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