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Aslen
Aslen (Isem usnan: Fraxinus angustifolia) d talmest n yemɣi seg twacult n tzemrawt. Martin Vahl (fr) d amdan amezwaru i yuran fell-as deg useggas n 1804. Talmest-a teḥseb-itt IUCN am d talmest ur tettwaggez.
- Isem-is s latinit: Fraxinus angustifolia
- Isem-is s tefransist: Frêne à feuilles étroites ou aiguës
- Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Taslent (isem n tejra - Aslen d afriwen-is)
- Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: Tabucict [1]
Tilmas n iden[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Fraxinus dimorpha
Isseqdac[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Afriwen-is lhan d lɛalf i lmal akken d izegzawen. Leqbayel ttḥuccun afriwen n uslen s ufella n tejra yiwen useggas, aseggas wis sin gez̧men-t-id, ttḥuccun-t af tmurt.[2]


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Tinml
Tinml nɣ Aɣrbaz (s taclḥit takuyast: Sskwila nɣ Lmdṛṣt) iga tasntut n usslmd nna ɣ ttlmadn inlmadn timsirin d kigan n tussniwin, da gis tettili tɣri s tugt n tmsirin igan tamnzut d tanammast d tasmuttgt tasinant, ism nns tiɣri tamnzut n bzziz ɣ kigan n tmizar. Da bṭṭun tinmal s tinmal n tnbaḍt d tinmal tusligin d tinmal tignsanin.
Ɣ tugt n tmizar, ur igi wadduy s tinml s bzziz, maca iga "usslmd n iḥnjirn" mkann. lla kra tdrsa g ibabatn nna istin ad sslmdn tarwa nnsn ɣ tgmmi . Issnti usslmd n bzziz zɣ usggas wis sḍiṣ nɣ wis sa ɣ wawtay n warraw.
Issnti usslmd n bzziz s wadaf s tinml ɣ usggas wis sḍis. Ɣ tmsirt ad ittktasab uḥnjir tirsal n tiɣri d tirra d usiḍn. Tga tmsirt bahra imqqurn acku da tettaws i unlmad d ar tbnnu tamadant nns. tmqqur bahra mk ttawsn iɣrbaɣn ɣ usbuɣlj n tiwangimin n inlmadn d twisi f urmas (afhm).
Amgrad ad iga amud, imẓẓiy ka sul. Aws i Wikipidya s usnfl nns, tssimɣurt t.

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


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D ameyyez si Tira Iqedsen ɣef tikki-nneɣ akled laɛbada di tudert-nueɣ. Assaɣ-nneɣ aked Ṛebbi.
92. D acu i glaq ad yamen umasiḥi ?
Ayen akk i ɣ-ittwaɛuhden di Tektabt Iqedsen yerna ittunefk-ed d agzul di Lkridu i gellan d annejmuɛ n Liman amisiḥi.
Slemdet-asen ad xedmen ayen akk i wen-slemdeɣ. (Matta 28-20)
93. D acu i d-iqqar Lkridu agi ?
Umneɣs Sidi Ṛebbi, Bab n tezmert, axellaq n igenni d lqaɛa.
Umneɣ s Sidna Ɛisa Lmasiḥ, Mmi-s awḥid n Sidi Ṛebbi, Ssid-nneɣ,
Ittwaxelq-ed s Ṛṛuḥ Iqedsen,
Tesɛa-t-id Meryem taɛezrit,
Inneɛteb di ddewla n Bunṭus Bilaṭus …
Yettwasemmeṛ ɣef umidag,
Yemmut, yettwamḍel,
Iṣub ɣer ǧahennama,
Ass wis tlata iḥya-d si ger lmegtin,
Yuli ɣer igenni,
Iqqim ɣer tama tayeffust n Sidi Ṛebbi, Bab n Tezmert ;
A d-yuɣal syenna iwakken ad iḥaseb wid yeddren d wid yemmuten.
Umneɣ s Ṛṛuḥ Iqedsen.
Umneɣ s Tmezgida timqeddest n ddunit meṛṛa,
Lemxalṭa neɣ tagmatt n imeqdsen,
Leɛfu n ddnubat,
Ḥeggu n lǧetta,
Akk-d tudert n dayem. Amin
94. Amek i nezmer a nebḍu lkridu agi ?
Nezmer a t-nebḍu ɣef tlata n yeḥricen.
- Aḥric amezwaru : Sidi Ṛebbi Ababat, akk-d lexliqa-nneɣ;
- Aḥric wis sin : Sidi Ṛebbi Mmi-s, akk-d leslak-nneɣ ;
- Aḥric wis tlata: Sidi Ṛebbi Ṛṛuḥ Iqedsen, akk-d tudert-nneɣ tamasiḥit.
95. Yiwen n Ṛebbi kan i gellan ! Acuɣer i d-nheddeṛ ihi ɣef Ubabat, ɣef Mmi-s akk-d d Ṛṛuḥ Iqedsen ?
Di Tektabt Iqedsen, Sidi Ṛebbi yesbeggen-ed iman-is ɣef tlata n wudmawen. Tlata wudmawen agi d Sidi Ṛebbi n tidett, i gellan d Amaɣlal.
Slemdet imdanen iwakken ad uɣalen d inelmaden-iw, ad ttwaɣedṣen s yisem n Baba Ṛebbi, s yisem n Mmi-s akk-d yisem n Ṛṛuḥ Iqedsen. (Matta 28-19, BS)
Matta 3.16-17
Ṛebbi Ababat akk-d txelqit
96. D acu swayes i tumneḍ mi d-teqqareḍ : “Umneɣ s Sidi Ṛebbi, Bab n tezmert, axellaq n igenni d lqaɛa” ?
Baba Ṛebbi, Ameɣlal, ixleq-ed igenni d lqaɛa. Yettwellih ddunit, ilehhu-d yid-es akken ilaq.
Sidi Ṛebbi ihdeṛ-ed, dɣa ddunit tebda, yumeṛ, dɣa yeḍra-d. (Ahellil 33.9)
Laṣel n ddunit 1-2
97. Tḥesbeḍ Sidi Ṛebbi d Baba-k keččini ?
Anɛam, Sidi Ṛebbi d Baba di Sidna Ɛisa Lmasiḥ ; daymi i ttekleɣ fell-as. Tḥeqqeɣ belli Sidi Ṛebbi ittak-iyi-d ayen akk teḥwaǧ lǧetta-w akk-d teṛwiḥ-iw. Isneqlab iɣelblan-iw d wugureniw ɣer wayen yelhan, axaṭer netta d Baba imekdi, Bab n tezmert.
Sidi Ṛebbi a wen-d-yefk ayen akk teḥwaǧem s Sidna Ɛisa Lmasiḥ. (Filibus 4.19)
At Ṛuman 8.28
98. Sidi Ṛebbi yettḥarab ɣef ddunit meṛṛa ?
Anɛam. S tezmert-is tameqrant, Sidi Ṛebbi mazal iteṭṭef igenni d lqaɛa akk-d wayen akk yellan di txelqit, ama d ayen ttwalint wallen ama d ayen ur ttwalint ara.
Sidi Ṛebbi ittak-ed ageffur seg igenni yerna yettak-ed lɣellat di lweqt-nsent.Yefkayawen-d tamɛict-nwen yerna issefṛeḥ ulawen-nwen. (Lecɣal 14-17)
99. D acu ara d-nesfaydi ma neẓra belli Sidi Ṛebbi ixleq-ed ddunit meṛṛa yerna yettḥareb fell-as ?
A nṣebbeṛ di teswiɛin n ddiq, a nettmmid Sidi Ṛebbi m'ara nili di teswiɛin n liser yerna a nefsi afus-nneɣ ɣer wiyaḍ. Ulac taxelqit di ddunit meṛṛa ama d ayen ttwalint wallen ama d ayen ur ttwalint ara wallen i gzemren a yi-tefreq d leḥmala n Sidi Ṛebbi. Sidi Ṛebbi yeṭṭef-iyideg ufusis.
Sidi Ṛebbi yefka-d, Sidi Ṛebbi ikkes. Ilaq a neḥmmed Sidi Ṛebbi ! (Yub 1.21)
At Ṛuman 8.38-39
Sidi Ṛebbi Mmi-s, akk-d leslak-nneɣ
100. Acuɣer i gettusemma Mmi-s n Sidi Ṛebbi “Yacuɛ” (Sidna Ɛisa), yeɛni Amsellek ?
Axaṭer isellek-aɣ-d si ddnubat-nneɣ akk-d tḥila n cciṭan. Ur nettaf ara Leslak anda nniḍen.
Ḥaca netta i gzemren a ɣ-isellek. (Lecɣal 4.12)
At Galasya 5.4; At Kulus 2.10
101. Acuɣer i gettusemma Lmasiḥ, yeɛni Win ittwadehnen ?
Axaṭer Baba Ṛebbi idhen-it s Ṛṛuḥ Iqedsen iwakken a ɣ-yili :
- D Nnbi Ameqran. D Netta i d-issebganen lebɣi n Sidi Ṛebbi i leslak-nneɣ.
- D Lmuqeddem Ameqran. S tudert-is i gsebbel fell-aɣ d asfel, isellek-aɣ-d si ddnub akk-d lmut. Yettẓẓalla dayem fell-aɣ.
- D Agellid Ameqran. Iḥkem fell-aɣ d agellid s Wawal-is akk-d Ṛṛuḥ-is. Yettḥarab fellaɣ yerna ittnubu-d i lmeḥwiǧat-nneɣ.
“Tettunefk-iyi-d tezmert ama di lqaɛa ama deg igenwan.” (Matta 28.18)
Asmekti 18.5, Iɛebraniyen 7.21, Luqa 1.33
102. Acuɣer i gettusemma Sidna Ɛisa, Mmi-s Awḥid n Sidi Ṛebbi ?
Nukni daɣen d arraw n Sidi Ṛebbi. Ḥaca Lmasiḥ i d Mmi-s n dayem n Sidi Ṛebbi s ṭṭbiɛa, ma d nukni d wid yuɣalen d arraw n Sidi Ṛebbi s ttrebga.
Sidi Ṛebbi ihdeṛ-aɣ-d s Mmi-s. S Yis i d-ixleq ddunit meṛṛa. (Iɛebraniyen 1.2)
D Ṛṛuḥ Iqedsen s yiman-is i d-iḥeqqeq-en cchada agi: Nukni d arraw n Sidi Ṛebbi. (At Ṛuman 8-16)
Yuḥenna 1-14; At Ṛuman 8-28-30
103. Acuɣer i s-tessawaleḍ Ssid-nneɣ ?
Axaṭer isellek-aɣ-d si ddnub akk-d cceṛ meṛṛa i gxeddem cciṭan. Nukni d ayla-s. D netta i d asmasi, i d aqerru n ddunit meṛṛa.
Sidi Ṛebbi isellek-aɣ-d s idammen ɣlayen n Lmasiḥ, i gefkan iman-is d asfel am izimer ur nesɛi lɛib, ur nesɛi ccama. (1 Buṭrus 19)
104. D acu i d lmeɛna n wayagi : Ittwaxelleq-ed s Ṛṛuḥ Iqedsen ; tesɛa t-id Meryem taɛezrit ?
Sidna Ɛisa d Ṛebbi n tidett si lebda i dayem. M' akken i d-ilul yewwi-d yid-es ṭṭbiɛa neɣ ṣṣifa n wemdan akken tella.
Meɛna asmi i d-yewweḍ lweqt i ɣ-iwɛed Sidi Ṛebbi, iceggeɛ-ed Mmi-s i d-ilulen si tmeṭṭut, iɛac seddaw leḥkum n ccariɛa n Musa. (At Galasya 4.4)
Matta 1.18-20, Luqa 1.25,31,35
105. D acu i d-nesfayday m'ara nẓer belli Sidna Ɛisa llul-ed s ṣṣifa n ṣṣeḥ n wemdan ?
Yella d amdan am nukni di mkul lḥaǧa, anagar di ddnub i gella mačči kif kif-aɣ. Yezmer ad yiḥnin fell-aɣ m'ara neɣleḍ yerna a ɣ-iɛiwen di yal taswiɛt.
Lmuqeddem ameqran i nesɛa mačči d win ur nezmir ara a d-yiḥnin fell-aneɣ m'ara ɣ-iwali necceḍ, imi netta daɣen yettujeṛṛeb deg wayen yellan, am nukni, meɛna ur yeɣli ara di ddnub. (Iɛebraniyen 4.15)
Iɛebraniyen 2.16-18, 7.26
106. D acu i tfehmeḍ deg umeslay agi : Yenneɛtab ?
S leɛtab-is akk-d usebbel n tudert-is am ɣef umidag, yewwi-yaɣ-d tudert n dayem.
Ddeɛwessu i ɣ-d-yettaken lehna teɣli-d fell-as. S lejṛuḥ-is i nesɛa ḥellu. (Icɛaya 53.5)
107. Acuɣer i gettusemmeṛ Sidna Ɛisa ?
Lmut ɣef umidag tella d ddeɛwessu. Sidna Ɛisa yewwi ɣef yiman-is ddeɛwessu akk-d lḥecma nni i gellan fell-i, ẓẓayit am teɛkkumt.
Lmasiḥ icufeɛ-aɣ-d si deɛwessu n ccariɛa, d netta i gettwaneɛlen deg umkan-nneɣ. (At Galasya 3.13)
At Galasya 3, Asmekti 21.23
108. Amek armi i gemmut Sidna Ɛisa imi d Ṛebbi i gella ?
Sidna Ɛisa d Ṛebbi n dayem netta d Baba Ṛebbi akk-d Ṛṛuḥ Iqedsen. S lmut n Sidna Ɛisa, tlata wudmawen n Sidi Ṛebbi, yeɛni la trinitƐ, sbegnen-aɣ-d belli bɣan ad sṭreḥben yis-nneɣ di twacult-nsen.
Ma d nukni nettbecciṛ Lmasiḥ, win akken yettusemmṛen ɣef umidag, At Isṛail d lmuḥal ad qeblen neɣ ad amnen ayagi, ma d wid ur nelli ara n at Iṣrayil qqaren-as : d lehbala. (1 Kurintus 1.23)
109. Acuɣer i glaq ad immet Sidna Ɛisa ?
Ur zmiren ara ad ttwaɛfun ddnubat-nneɣ anagar s lmut n Sidna Ɛisa. S Mmi-s Eɛzizen i gefka d asfel, Sidi Ṛebbi isbeggen-ed leḥmala-ines tameqrant swayes i ɣiḥemmel nukni.
Imdanen zgan llan d aklan axaṭer llan tt-ttawḥacen lmut. S lmut, Sidna Ɛisa isellek-itenid. (Iɛebraniyen 2.15)
Iɛebraniyen 2; Laṣel n ddunit 2.17
110. Acuɣer i gettwamḍel ?
Iwakken a d-ittwabeggen belli yemmut.
Erren-t ɣer daɣel uzekka. Lameɛna Sidi Ṛebbi iseḥya-t-id si lmut. (Lecɣal 13.29-30)
Yuḥenna 19.38-42
111. Lmut n Sidna Ɛisa tesɛa azal d ameqran di tudert-ik, ass agi ?
Anɛam, s lmut-is i temmut ṭṭbiɛa-inu taqdimt. Ayagi yebɣa a d-yini belli tura ccehwa n tnefsit-iw ur iyi-ɣelbent ara. Sidna Ɛisa yettidir deg-i s Ṛṛuḥ-is.
Aql-i ttwasemmṛeɣ ɣef umidag akk-d Lmasiḥ. Tura mačči d nekk i gettidiren, lameɛna d Lmasiḥ i gettidiren deg-i. (At Galasya 2.19-20)
At Ṛuman 6, 12.1
112. Acuɣer i d-nrennu: iṣṣub ɣer ǧahennama ?
Di teswiɛin ideg ttenɛettabeɣ aṭas, ẓriɣ belli Sidna Ɛisa isellek-iyi-d seg uqellaq n lmut.
Sidna Ɛisa iɛeggeḍ, yenna : Illu-iw, Illu-iw, acuɣeṛ i yi-teǧǧiḍ ? (Matta 27.46)
Icɛaya 53
113. Acuɣer ḥeggu-ines yesɛa azal ameqren ɣur-ek ?
Sidna Ɛisa iɣleb lmut s ḥeggu-ines. Daymi tura ur ugadeɣ ara ma muteɣ. Yuɣal-ed si Lmut. Ula d nekk a d-uɣaleɣ si lmut.
Ma yezdeɣ deg-wen Ṛṛuḥ n Sidi Ṛebbi i d-yesseḥyan Sidna Ɛisa si ger lmegtin, win i dyesseḥyan Sidna Ɛisa si ger lmegtin, yezmer daɣen s Ṛṛuḥ-is izedɣen deg-wen, a d-yerr tudert i lǧetta-nwen ara yemten. (At Ṛuman 8.11)
1 Kurintus 15, 1 Buṭrus 1.3, 1.21, At Kulus 3.1-5
114. D acu i tfehmeḍ deg imeslayen agi : Yuli ɣer igenni ?
Sidna Ɛisa yettwarfed si lqaɛa ɣer igenni. Dagi, isedduy amezruy s Ṛṛuḥ-is akk-d Wawal-is. Yettḥarab fell-aɣ yerna yettẓẓalla fell-aɣ alamma d ass n tuɣalin-ines.
Sidna Ɛisa atan ɣer tama tayeffust n Sidi Ṛebbi iwakken ad icafeɛ fell-aɣ. (At Ṛuman 8.34)
Marqus 16-19, Iɛebraniyen 4.14, Yuḥenna 10.28-29
115. Acuɣer i d-nrennu : Yeqqim ɣer tama tayeffust n Sidi Ṛebbi ?
Iwakken a d-nemmekti belli Baba Ṛebbi yeḥkem ɣef kullec s Yis. Sidna Ɛisa d Agellid n igelliden.
Sidna Ɛisa yeṭṭef amkan d ameqran sennig akk n wayen yellan di ddunit meṛṛa. (At Ifasus 1.21)
At Ifasus 1, Lecɣal 2.33
116. D acu n lfayda nesɛa mi neẓra belli Sidna Ɛisa a d-yuɣal iwakken ad iḥaseb wid yeddren akkd wid yemmuten ?
Di teswiɛt n leɛtab akk-d uqehher, ttraǧuɣ s zzuxx d uɛennen Agellid-iw akk-d unezzerfu-inu. Ass agi, a yi-ittheggi amkan ɣer tama-ines i dayem.
Imiren agellid ad yini i wid yellan ɣer uyeffus-is: “Aset-ed a kunwi iburek Baba, attweṛtem tagelda i wen-ittuheggan seg wasmi i tebda ddunit.” (Matta 25.34)
Luqa 21.28; Matta 25; At Ṛuman 8.23
117. I kečč, acuɣer i tettusemmaḍ d amasiḥi ?
Axaṭer di Lmasiḥ, ula d nekk lliɣ d nnbi, d lmuqeddem, d agellid.
- D nnbi, iwakken ad ttcehhideɣ s liman-inu.
Arraw-nwen d yessi-twen a d-cciren s wayen ara sen-d-ttxebbiṛeɣ. (Lecɣal 2.18)
- D lmuqeddem iwakken ad efkeɣ tudert-iw i Sidi Ṛebbi am lweɛda yerna ad ttẓẓallaɣ dayem.
Efket i Sidi Ṛebbi lǧettat-nwen d leɛqliya-nwen akk-d tudert-nwen, d asfel ittwaheggan i Sidi Ṛebbi, yerna d win ara t-iɛeǧben. (At Ṛuman 12.1)
- D Agellid, iwakken ad nnaɣeɣ akk-d ddnub akk-d Cciṭan yerna a ten-ɣelbeɣ. Am wakken ixeddem ugellid yelhan, ad nubeɣ ɣef wid ixuṣṣen. M'ara d-yuɣal Sidna Ɛisa, ad ḥekmeɣ yid-es i dayem di tmanagt.
Ur ilaq ara ddnub ad iḥkem fell-awen,ɣef lǧetta-nwen. (At Ṛuman 6.12)
Sidi Ṛebbi, Ṛṛuḥ Iqedsen, akk-d tudert-nneɣ tamasiḥit
118. D anwa-t Ṛṛuḥ Iqedsen ?
D Sidi Ṛebbi n dayem netta d Baba Ṛebbi akk-d Mmi-s. S liman, yettak-iyi-d taḥeqqit n Sidi Ṛebbi. çed ddemma-ines, bɣiɣ ad iliɣ d anelmad n Sidna Ɛisa. Ṛṛuḥ Iqedsen yettɛawen-iyi di lweqt n ujeṛṛeb, isseǧhad-iyi. D lmuḥal ad iyi-yeǧǧ.
Baba Ṛebbi a wen-d-yefk Amɛiwen nniḍen ara yilin yid-wen i dayem : d Ṛṛuḥ n tidett. (Yuḥenna 14.16-17)
119. D acu-tt “lfakya n Ṛṛuḥ Iqedsen” ?
Atan wayen i d-itekken si Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen : leḥmala, lfeṛḥ, lehna, ṣṣbeṛ, lehhu, leḥnana, liman, ul yeṣfan, aɣlab n tnefsit. (At Galasya 5.22-23)
120. D acu-tent tukciwin n Ṛṛuḥ Iqedsen ?
Ad Tazmert i d-yettak Ṛṛuḥ Iqedsen i yal yiwen yumnen s Lmasiḥ iwakken ad iqdec ɣef Sidi Ṛebbi akk-d wegdud-is.
Yal yiwen tettunefk-as-d tukci iwakken a d-isbeggen tazmert n Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen, ayagi innfeɛ-nneɣ meṛṛa. (1 At Kurintus 12.7)
Ţttunefkent-aɣ-d tukciwin sɣur Sidi Ṛebbi, yerna mxalafent i yal yiwen deg-nneɣ (At Ṛuman 12.6)
At Ṛuman 12;1; At Ifasus 4
121. Ṛṛuḥ Iqedsen iqeddec kan di Tmezgida ?
Xaṭi; iqeddec daɣen deg umezruy n ddunit. Iqeddec deg wul n wid urɛad d-usin ɣer liman s Lmasiḥ.
Ṛṛuḥ a d-isbeggen i yemdanen belli ɣelṭen ɣef wayen yeɛnan ddnub, lḥeqq akk-d lḥisab. (Yuḥenna 16.8)
122. D acu-tt Tmezgida Iqedsen n ddunit meṛṛa ?
S Ṛṛuḥ-is, Sidna Ɛisa isnejmeɛ-ed ar ɣur-es tajmaɛt n wid yextaṛ i tudert n dayem.
Yettḥareb fell-as s Ṛṛuḥ-is akk-d Wawal-is.
Tajmaɛt n watmaten tettili di lehna… s lemɛawna n Ṛṛuḥ Iqedsen, wid yettamnen simmal ttzidin rennun-d. (Lecɣal 9.31)
123. D acu n leqdic iɣer d-tettusawel Tmezgida ?
Att-tteɛbed Sidi Ṛebbi, att-tthedder ɣef leḥmala-ines yerna a d-lehhu d lmeḥwiǧat n wiyaḍ, ama d wid ibeɛden ama d wid iqerben.
Awal n Lmasiḥ ad izdeɣ gar-awen s lbaṛakat-is meṛṛa ccnut s wulawen-nwen, ḥemmdet Sidi Ṛebbi s isefra n Ihellilen akk-d ccnawi i d-ittak Ṛṛuḥ Iqedsen. (At Kulus 3.16)
…s wakka att-ttizmiren att-ttɛiwnem wid yeḥwaǧen, a sen-tefkem ayen ḥwaǧen. Init-ed kan imeslayen inefɛen, iṣelḥen, ara iɛawnen wiyaḍ swakken llan lmeḥwiǧatnsen. (At Ifasus 4.28-29)
Iɛebraniyen 13.15-16
124. D acu-tt tdukli n yemqedsen ?
Imasiḥiyen meṛṛa ttusemman d imqedsen, axaṭer yettunefk-asen-d leḥmala n Lmasih akk-d Ṛṛuḥ-is Iqedsen. Sidna Ɛisa issawel-asen-d iwakken ad ttemqadaren, ad myeḥmalen yerna ad ttemɛawanen wway gar-asen.
Sidi Ṛebbi yettaṭaf deg Wawal-is; d netta i wen-d-isawlen iwakken att-ttɛicem s tdukli akk- d Mmi-s, Ɛisa Lmasiḥ Ssid-nneɣ. (1 At Kurintus 1.9)
1 Yuḥenna 1.3; At Filibus 2.4-7
125. D acu n leqdic i xeddmen yemḍebbren n Tmezgida ? (kra deg-sen ttusemman imeksa) ?
- A ilin d lemtel s leqdic-nsen ara xeddmen s wanuz.
Ur ssimɣuṛet ara iman-nwen ɣef wid i wen-d-iwekkel Sidi Ṛebbi, meɛna ilit d lemtel ara tebɛen. (1 Buṭrus 5.3)
- Ad ssefhamen akken ilaq lḥal lmeɛna n Wawal n Sidi Ṛebbi.
S Leɛtab i tt-ttbecciren, i sselmaden Awal n Sidi Ṛebbi. (1 Timuti 5.17)
- Ad ttẓallan yerna ad ttwellihen agdud n Sidi Ṛebbi di tẓallit akk-d leḥmadi i Sidi Ṛebbi.
Yal ass nettḥemmid Sidi Ṛebbi fell-awen, mkul m'ara nedɛu ɣur-es, nettadder-ikun-id di tẓallit-nneɣ. (1 Tisalunik 1.2)
- Ilaq ad isinen akken ilaq yal yiwen seg iɛeggalen n tmezgida-nsen. Ilaq ad rez̦z̦un fell-asen iwakken a sen-ḥessen a sen-fken tameẓẓuɣt, a ten-ttsebbiṛen, a tensseǧhaden yerna a ten-ttwellihen.
Ḥadret taqeḍɛit i wen-d-iwekkel Sidi Ṛebbi. (1 Buṭrus 5.2)
- Ad sselmaden iɛeggalen n tmezgida iwakken a ten-heggin i leqdic amasiḥi, yerna a ten-sǧehden, a sen-fken afud, di tesmasitin-nsen.
S tukciwin-agi, Sidna Ɛisa yebɣa ad isselmed wid yellan d ayla n Sidi Ṛebbi. (At Ifasus 4.12)
- Ad sqedcen ayen i d-yeǧǧa Sidna Ɛisa d lsas n liman amasiḥi.
Sseɣeḍset-tten s yisem n Baba Ṛebbi, s yisem n Mmi-s akk-d yisem n Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen. (Matta 28.19)
126. D acu i d-yeǧǧa Sidna Ɛisa d lsas n liman amasiḥi ?
Sidi Ṛebbi isedduy-ed i wawal-is licaṛat neɣ limaṛat i ttwalint wallen-nneɣ iwakken ad inal liḥsas-nneɣ. Aɣḍas deg waman akk-d weɣrun n usmekti n Lmasiḥ d licaṛat n ṛṛeḥma-ines, neɣ d limaṛat n leɛnaya-s, i ttwalint wallen-nneɣ.
Aɣṛum-agi d lǧetta-w ara fkeɣ fell-awen. Sya d asawen xeddmet akkagi akken ad iyid-tettmektayem. (Luqa 22.19)
127. D acu i d lmeɛna n wawal : Leɛfu n ddnubat ?
Sidna Ɛisa ixelleṣ ṭṭlaba n ddnubat-iw meṛṛa s lekmal-is. Sidi Ṛebbi ur ittuɣal ara a d-immekti d ddnubat-iw, i dayem. Yettak-iyi-d taḥeqqit neɣ taɣdemt n Sidna Ɛisa iwakken ur iyi-ittɛaqab ara netta.
Ur aɣ-iɛuqeb ara swakken uklalen ddnubat-nneɣ,
ur aɣ-ixelleṣ ara swakken uklalen leḥṛamat-nneɣ. (Ahellil 103.10)
128. D acu i d lmeɛna n wawal : ḥeggu n lǧetta ?
M'ara d-yuɣal Sidna, lǧetta-w a d-teḥyu si lmut, att-ttuɣal am lǧetta-s i gettuɛaḍmen. Ad ḥekmeɣ yid-es i dayem.
Sidna Ɛisa Lmasiḥ ad ibeddlen lǧettat-nneɣ timeḥquṛin, a tent-yerr am lǧetta-s yeččuṛen d lɛaḍima. (At Filibus 3.21)
Sidi Ṛebbi a d-ifeǧǧeǧ tafat-is ɣef iqeddacen-is, yerna ad ḥekmen yid-es i dayem. (Aweḥḥi 22.5)
129. D acu i d lmeɛna n wawal : tudert n dayem ?
Lfeṛḥ i sɛiɣ tura imi ssneɣ Sidi Ṛebbi akk-d leḥmala-ines, ad izid s meyya tikkal m'ara dyuɣal Sidna Ɛisa.
Ayen ur twala tiṭ, ayen ur yesli umeẓẓuɣ, ayen iɣef ur ixemmem ara wemdan, d ayen i ghegga Sidi Ṛebbi i wid i t-iḥemmlen. (1 Kurintus 2.9)
Walaɣ igenni d lqaɛa ijdiden. (Aweḥḥi 21.1)
1 Buṭrus 3.13


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Azzɣat (2020) yettwafsar ij n udlis i yellan d assuɣel n ij n tmezgunt d taqdimt. Nessawal da x « Taḍegg°alt » i yura Térence Afer, ismezzeɣ-itt Ɛebdelmajid Ben Ḥemmadi. S tidet, anhezzi n usmezzeɣ di Arrif d aqdim d jjdid di twalat d icten. D aqdim umi i dd-yebda aked ijjen n tnayen n yenjilen i ttwafsaren deg useggas n 1887 d 1889. D jjdid ɛawed, minzi lxedmet x Tmaziɣt tbedd, wer bdin Imaziɣen n Arrif ad xedmen s Tmaziɣt yalleh ij n rebɛin iseggusa zeg wami. Maca ɛawed, asuɣel d wefsar-nnes yalleh mamec yebda, d amaynu. Aked Saɛid Belɣerbi s wefsar n tenfas (Anfarar, 2015) n Youssif Azadden Raouf d wami issuɣel Saɛid Abernus tamezgunt n Sophonisbe n Voltaire (2015). Lextu, alaḥal neɛlem ca n sebɛa n idlisen ittwarjmen ɣer Tmaziɣt n Arrif, zzag-sen rebɛa d timezgunin.
Mala Ben Ḥemmadi idwel ɣer umezruy maca s tiṭṭawin n Umaziɣ-nni i yuran tamezgunt-a (Térence Afer) s Tlatinit. Nettaf ɛawed ula tamezgunt n Teqnuct n wureɣ (Aulularia, 2019) i yura Plautus tessawal x wegdud agriku-latini. D manaya min xef wer yeffiɣ Saɛid Abernus mani tamezgunt-nnes tessawal x temɣart n ugellid Amaziɣ Sifaks. Axmi imessuɣal-a i dd-irrin timezgunin ɣer Tmaziɣt msetfaqen ad xedmen x lweqt-a. Lhimmet n weḍris n Ben Ḥemmadi, ittejja-aneɣ a nadef ɣer waṭṭas n min urin Imaziɣen iqdimen s yilsawen iberraniyen am Tlatinit. Ijj n zzag-sen d Térence Afer i yuran xirebbi n tmezgunin s Tlatinit.
Maca aqqa d taẓyuḍi d tameqqrant bnadem xminni ɣa iɣer i « Taḍegg°alt » n Afer. Ben Ḥemmadi s tiɣist-nnes d usxedem-nnes i yij n yiles ihwen, nzemmer a t-neṭṭef jar ifassen-nneɣ, ibbeɣbeɣ s iwenniten ursilen (expressions figées) yewweḍ ad aneɣ-issidef deɣya di Tmezgunt. Yejja-aneɣ nuca axmi aḍris-a maci d aturjem, maca d netta i t-yuran. Wer dag-s nettif bu aṭṭas n wawalen d iberraniyen niɣ inni dd-irḍel Ben Ḥemmadi ssa d ssa.
S tidet, tamurt n Tmaziɣt ɛad d amessuki. Neḥwaj ad nessuɣel aṭṭas ɣer Tmaziɣt, cḥal mma mmernin-dd iwdan ameknaw Ben Ḥemmadi ittɣeyyazen lxedmet-nnsen cḥal mma d llemliḥ i Tmaziɣt d yiles-nnes. D llemliḥ ɛawed ula inni iqqaren/ttarin s Tmaziɣt. D llemliḥ ɛawed a naf imariten wer tteḥwijin ḥedd ad asen-yari deg wemkan. Am yina aqqa-yen ɣir min ttmernayen nzemmer a zzag-sen neydar : « Muḥemmed Inɛisa, Ḥakim Lwesṭani, Racida Lmerraqi, Mimun Amsebrid, Asmaa Aouattah… » Iydareɣ-dd ismawen-a s neɛmada minzi ina s merra maci ɣrin Tmaziɣt di tesdawit maḥend a zzag-s arin, maca lemden-tt nnit.
Aked uyenni, ilaqq ɛad a nerr s taynit i tebridt n tira, s tidet belli abrid-nnes d azegrar, yettḥwaja cwayt n lweqt maḥend ad tsegged ixef-nnes s ixef-nnes. Maca waxxa amenni ixess uɣil a nessen mamec ɣa negg a nemsurruf aked isekkilen ittbeddalen udmawen-nnsen di Trifit. Manaya maci x weḍris n Ben Ḥemmadi waha, maca izemmer ad yili ula x merra inni ittarin, Manaya i daneɣ-ittejjan a nfekkret a nerẓmet ij n umherwaḍ x tira. Wer yettɣimi ɣir ad as-newwet i Ben Ḥemmadi deg wuru, ad as-nini ayuz x lxedmet-a yecnin.


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Tura‑t Fatiḥa Ɛisawi
Deg ij n wass mkul asegg°as ittas-dd ij n wargaz qqaren-as « bacix » ɣer ca n teqbilt zi tqebbal n Arrif, argaz-a wer t-yessin ḥedd yirreḍ tahidurt n ikarri niɣ n leenzi islessaq akid‑s accawen-nnes, ittegg amezgun, Ttmunen xaf‑s iḥenjiren imeẓyanen d yenni ymeɣren, iggur isqerqub x tudrin ḍeffaren‑t awarn-as ceṭṭḥen, ttiraren akid‑s, ttɣennjen-as :
Bacix yexs lqeddid
Rebbi yekkes‑as-dd ayeddid
Bacix yexs ad isu
Rebbi iksas-dd asersu
Leewayd‑a wer qqiment ca di Arrif, qqaren ca n imarezzuten d Irifiyyen belli tnamit‑a n bacix temmut di arrif aked unaggaru n 70. Maca nettaf ead sfuglan zeg‑s Imaziɣen di ca n tneddam‑nneɣni di Lmeɣrib tsemman‑tt » bujellud » mkul leid ameqqran, xmi yirrḍen iḥudriyyen d tḥudriyyin tahidurt d waccawen n ikarri niɣ n leenzi .. xezzren man wen ɣa yeksin isem n « bujellud » mkul aseggʷas.
Imarezzuten terran tnamit-a n Imaziɣen ɣer imezwura i ttuɣa ittamnen s wakucen « tanit d wamun »,
Tanit d takuctt n tayri d tarwa d ujenna. yenna herodot » tanit ttuɣa tyirreḍ ddreɛ i ittwaggen s thiḍurt n leenzi xmmi tetteffeɣ deg umquṭṭes (ad tegg lḥeb) », yeqqar eawed « timɣarin timaziɣin n libya ttuɣa tteksent cear i thidurt n leenzi yirḍen‑t.
Amun ittwassen s waccawen d uzellif n ikarri, mamk nssen ikarri ɣer Imaziɣen ɣer-s ccan yemɣar, netta d amatar n tarwa d uɣemmuy d tezmart (leqsuḥeyyet).
Mamek nettaf yenna Èmile laoust » bujellud wer yelli d taqessart waha, ulid d taḍeḥḥakt waha, bujellud netta zi leewayd n Imaziɣen umi ttuɣa ttamnen s wamun akuc n ukarri ».


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Talalit (Nuwel)
Talalit neɣ Amasilul d tafaska tis snat ilan azal yakk deg tmasiḥt seld n tnekra id yesskanayen asmekti n tlallit n Yisus, Tafaska ayyi tebeddu deg yiṭ n 24 dujember d wass n 25 dujember deg teswast tagrigurt d teswast tayulyant maca s usrag n umgarad n snat n teswasin-a s 13 n wussan tettili-d tfaska n tlalit deg tmezdayin yeṭṭafaren taswast tayulyant deg yiṭ n 6 yennayer d wass n 7 yennayer ɣas akken ibibel ur d-ibdir ara ass neɣ azmez n tlallit n Yissu maca ibabaten n tmezdayt ssidgen-d azmez-a d akken-t d asihar-is (ttiɛad-is) seg useggas n 325. Akken daɣen yettusismel unasay n tmezdayt s umeggez-ines deg tlemmast n yiṭ. Yerna yettwabdar-d deg injil n tegrudt n Yakuf deg tsut tis kṛad anelfuy-a (aneḍruy-a) yella-d deg tlemmast n yiṭ, d akken ababat Pius PP. XI deg tmezdayt takatulikt yessentem (iwekked) deg 1921 d akken anelfuy-a yella-d deg tlemmast n yiṭ s talɣa tamaddudt akken id yebder daɣen d akken send n tmasiḥt ass n 25 dujember yella-d tafaska tinnedmemt i wsemɣer n tfukt


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Wp/shi/Tutlayt Talatint
Tutlayt Talatint nɣ Taṛumit (s tfransist : Latin) tga yat tutlayt taqburt nna immutn. Tkka-t-inn tutlayt ad yat tutlayt bahra imqqurn nna iṭṭafn kigan n imsawaln. Mac mqqar tga tutlayt tunṣibt n Vatikan d art sul aqqran tazzanin ɣ tinmal n tmizar n Urupa han ɣila idrus mad sis isawaln d tujja nn adɣar i tantaliwin nns ad gin tutlayin zund tutlayt tafransist d tutlayt taṭalyanit d tutlayt taṣbnyulit...
Tiɣbula
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tutlayt Talatint". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.


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Aḍlib n Djamel Bensmaïl : ṭṭfen 25 n yimdanen meckuken akked « telɣa yessewhamen » ɣef tmentilt n tmenɣiwtAsinas, 17 Ɣuct 2021 16:55
LEZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Ttwaṭṭfen simraw d semmus (25) nniḍen n yimdanen meckuken deg uweẓlu n uḍlib n Djamel Bensmaïl deg Larebɛa n at Yiraten (Tizi Uzzu), i d-tenna Tmehla tamatut n Tɣellist taɣelnawt (DGSN) ass n usinas (ttlata) deg yiwen n ulɣu, tenna-d dakken tufa « tilɣa yessewhamen » ɣef ssebba n tmenɣiwt.
Aseɣzef n wakaten n ukman amuran deg 40 n twilayinAsamas, 15 Ɣuct 2021 13:08
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Yeɣtes uneɣlaf amenzu, Aimene Benabderrahmane, ad yesseɣzef akaten n ukman amuran deg uxxam (seg tis 8:00 ɣer uzekka-nni ɣef tis 6:00) deg 40 n twilayin i tallit n 15 n wussan seg wass n usamas 15 Ɣuct 2021 d asawen.
Timlilit tawalant n Useqqamu Unnig n Tɣellist ass n ukrasAkras, 04 Ɣuct 2021 12:27
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Ad yesselwi uselway n tegduda, Mass Abdelmadjid Tebboune, aɣella anafella n yiɣallen umrigen, aneɣlaf n umzaɣ aɣelnaw, ass n ukras, timlilit tawalant n Useqqamu Unnig n Tɣellist i usekyed n uḍfar n tegnit tamatut yellan deg tmurt seg yidis aɣellisan d udawan, d usewjed i tefranin tidiganin ay d-itteddun, ɣef wakken ay d-yenna yiwen n ulɣu n tselwit n tegduda.
Timlilit n unabaḍ: yella-d wawal ɣef teɣwalt, tamguri, takerrazt d tdawsaAsamas, 01 Ɣuct 2021 11:12
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Yesselwi uneɣlaf amenzu, aneɣlaf n tedrimt, Aimene Benabderrahmane, ass n usiḍyas, yiwet n temlilit n unabaḍ ay d-yelhan ladɣa s yigzumen n teɣwalt, tamguri, takerrazt d tdawsa, ɣef wakken ay d-yenna yiwen n ulɣu n yimeẓla n uneɣlaf amenzu.
Anfafad Bu Tesmert (Covid-19) : 1537 n liḥalat timaynutin, 807 n wid ijjin akked tmettant n 28 imuḍinenAsimwas, 30 Yulyu 2021 14:47
LEZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Sat n timaḍ tamraw d sǧis (1537) n liḥalat timaynutin yettwatebten i yeṭṭef unfafad Bu Tesmert (Cvide-19), 807 n wid yejjin akked tmettant n 28 n yimuḍinen i yettwakelsen deg 24 n yisragen-a ineggura deg tmurt n Lezzayer, i d-yenna ass n (lexmis) uneɣlaf n Tdawsa, n Tɣerfa akked Tsemmeskelt n yisegnaf deg yiwen n ulɣu.
Zzayer tewjed ad tedhel Libya deg uferru n kra n wugurenAsimwas, 30 Yulyu 2021 14:26
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Yules iwekked-d uselway n tegduda, Mass Abdelmadjid Tebboune, ass n ukras deg Zzayer Tamaneɣt, ɣef uwjad n Zzayer akken ad talel Libya, yellan d tamurt taweltmat, akken ad tefru kra seg wuguren ay d-yettwabedren deg udiwenni-nnes d uselway n Useqqamu Aselwayan Alibi.
Yeqbel Tebboune imaslaḍen n tmagla taɣlifant ara d-yafen tifratin i trebbawt deg unẓulAkwas, 29 Yulyu 2021 08:31
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Yeqbel uselway n tegduda, Mass Abdelmadjid Tebboune, imaslaḍen n yiwet n tmagla taɣlifant ara iderwen deg unadi ɣef tefratin i trebbawt deg twilayin n unẓul n tmurt, ɣef wakken ay d-yenna, ass n ukras, yiwen n ulɣu n unebdammas n tegduda, Brahim Merad.
Lbak n 2021: Yesselwi Tebboune tafugla n tukci n warrazen i wid d-yeflalinAkras, 28 Yulyu 2021 07:37
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Yesselwi uselway n tegduda, Mass Abdelmadjid Tebboune, ass n usinas deg Zzayer Tamaneɣt, tafugla n tukci n warrazen i wid d-yeflalin deg lbak deg useggas n 2021.
Lbak n 2021: Ihenna uselway Tebboune wid ay t-id-yewwinAsiḍyas, 24 Yulyu 2021 11:14
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Ihenna uselway n tegduda, Mass Abdelmadjid Tebboune, deg yiwen n usnuged deg yimiḍanen-nnes unṣiben n Facebook d Twitter, wid ay d-yewwin akayad n lbak n 2021, am wakken ay asen-yessarem « amures deg tezrawin-nsen tisdawanin ».
Ihenna uselway Tebboune aɣref azzayri i lmend n Tfaska TameqqrantAkras, 21 Yulyu 2021 13:36
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Ihenna-d uselway n tegduda, Abdelmadjid Tebboune, ass n usinas, deg usebter-nnes unṣib n Facebook, Tafaska Tameqqrant i uɣref azzayri d umɣiwan azzayri deg uzɣar, yernu yetter Yuc Ameḍni akken ad d-teqqel tfaska-a deg tegnit tadawsant yifen tin aydeg tella tmurt ass-a.


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D igumiyen, d ixabiten, d ivaxusen, macci d irgazen, macci d taqvaylit, at qarraḍin, tiquvac n Fransa, imuzal n Fafa, tixenfucin, iḥiqel, atg. Lḥasun ulac amek ur asen sawlen ara medden di ttrad n 54-62. Nutni, iḥarkiyen n 54-62, aṭas isrewten diYen di tudrin nneY. Wa d ttar i t ewwin, wa d ṭṭmaâ. Kra d Fransa i ten iḥettmen u xxubten war levYi nsen.
Ihi xas macci d « irgazen » ar medden maca tugdi ugaden ten. Ccuren di lhiva imi zemren ad sfesden, zemren ad snegren tiwaculin akken ma llant. Ar assa aṭas n tmucuha id-iqqimen fell asen, Yef ayen uqmen di yir tikliwin nsen. Ar assa n wussan, ṭṭfen asen medden ccaḥna imi mazal ddren wid iḥeḍren i wayen uqmen, i usexseṛ sxesṛen.
Di tama n wid yulin s adrar, igren irebbi i Fransa ur asen slufuyen ara. Yunfan ten, Yunzan ten Yucen ten. D jenjar i tiṭ. Win id-iYlin gar ifassen nsen imzel, win id-iYlin zfad nnican nsen ittwanYa. Wa kksen as anzaren akken ad feḍḥen gar medden, wayeḍ ksen as iles akken ad sgugmen i levda. Medden irkelli ttwexiṛen fell asen amzun uḍnen ajejjiḍ.
Assmi tefra, aṭas seg sen i tugi Fransa. Tḍegger iten u ṭṭreḍqen gar ifassen n wid akken iten ittseggiden am umargu. Aṭas deg sen inYan di 62. Aṭas diYen seg sen i tewwi Fransa. Jjan tamurt nsen, imawlan d wid ak isen ittilin. Di Fransa âebban ten nutni d twaculin nsen di kra iâecwen amzun akk ur nnuYen ara Yef Fransa. Ula d aman ulac iten deg addaren nsen. Fransa ihi ur ten teḥsiv ara d Irumyen u kra seg Irumyen, ula tagara yagi, am Georges Frêche, mazal ara rregmen deg sen nutni d tarwa nsen. Ar asen qqaren macci d imdanen kunwi u Yef anect agi ur tuklalem ara udem neY leqdar. D lvaṭel. Iḍelli ceyten nYan atmaten nsen assa ur âeddan ara. UYalen macci d talsa gar wallen n wid i Yef d-kkin iḍelli.
Maca, assa, neY ahat azekka, ilaq neY ur ilaq ad asen nanef i nutni d tarwa nsen ad d-kecmen ar tmurt taqvaylit? Tura nutni am akka i t-id nenna fernen Fransa maca xesṛen imi texseṛ Fransa ttrad. Ihi iḍelli nerna ten. Maca assa akken walaY ilaq a neṭṭef avrid nniḍen u neḍleq i ccaḥnat neṭṭef almi d assa. Asen nsuref seg ul maca tamsirt id-lemden medden si twaYit nsen ur tYelli ara ar tmeẓẓuYt uaeẓẓug! Ad t err medden ad xemmen send ad kkren mgal atmaten nsen. D tawaYit ara issiwḍen medden ad erren taqejjirt mi ara d-ḥdar tizi n leḥris. Mawel, leqder nsen imi d imdanen illan am nekni, xas cḍen iḍelli, ikka nnig ccaḥnat. Issufek as neḍleq i taâkumt u asen nenni atan nsuref awen seg ul! Syin, kra n win seg sen ara ad issutren akken as nsuref ad s nelli tiwwura n tmurt ad ikcem. Acemmet deg umdan i levda i wacut ara, ur d-ittawi wara i tmura d iYerfan. Ula d Llalman d Uṛumi, kra iḍran gar asen uYalen assa s imeddukal. Ara xedmen afus deg fus imi ssawḍen zegren akk-in i ccaḥnat.


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« Aselway n Tegduda, Mass Abdelmadjid Tebboune, yermes ass n usinas (ttlata) deg tesɣimt n Tselwit n Tegduda Amaray amatu n Umussu Ennahda, Yazid Benaïcha, Amaray amatu n ukabar El-Karama, Mohamed Daoui, akked uselway n Tirni taɣelnawt Tazzayrit (FNA), Moussa Touati, aya, deg ukatar n umciwer n Uselway n Tebboune i yectel akked wid yessedduyen ikabaren n tsertit », i neɣra deg ulɣu.
Yermes Uselway Tebboune iɣellaten n kraḍ n yikabaren n tsertit
LEZZAYER TAMANEƔT - Aselway n Tegduda, Abdelmadjid Tebboune, yermes ass n usinas (ttlata) deg Lezzayer tamaneɣt, kraḍ n yiɣellaten n yikabaren n tsertit deg ukatar n umciwer-is akked yimasayen n yikabaren n tsertit, i d-yenna yiwen n ulɣu n Tselwit n Tegduda.


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Zeg ineggura n lqern 19, zemmemen ikulnyalen aṭṭas n iɣezdisa n tudert n irifiyen d tdelsa-nsen d leɛwayed-nsen, am Auguste Mouliéras i yeggin ij n trezzut d tatnugrafit, d tasusyulugt x tqebbal n Arif asegg°as n 1895, d Samuel Biarnay, i dd-yessufɣen ɛawed tarezzut-nnes asegg°as n 1917 x tmaziɣt n Arif, yesmun dag-s aṭṭas n tḥuja d yezlan d umawal d leɛwayed zeg waṭṭas n tqebbal n Arif. d Amédée Renisio i yeggin ɛawed ij n trezzut asegg°as n 1932 x tmaziɣt n Arif zi Ayt Yeznasen ar Senhaja Srayer, yesmun dag-s ula d netta xarebbi n tḥuja d yezlan d leɛwayed d umawal, Rni-dd x-asen iseppunya i izemmemen leɛwayed n Arif, zag-sen Sarrionandia d José Borrallo Vadillo d Emilio Blanco … Bla ma a nettu ɛawed inni i dd-yusin awern-asen am David Montgomery Hart i yuran x teqbilt n Ayt Weryaɣel aegg°as n 1976, d temɣart-nnes Ursula Kingsmill Hart i yuran x temɣarin tirifiyin asegg°as n 1994…
Tarezzut d uzemmem n wudmawen n tdelsa d leɛwayed n Arif i yettwaggen di llṭa n uḥewwes niɣ qbel cwayt, ttuɣa din awern-as tiṭ n tmura n Uruppa i dd-yeḥḍan Arif d Lmeɣrib amen yekmel, ttuɣa ttzemmamen ḥuma ad ssnen iwdan mamec i ttɛicen d mamec i ttxarrsen, d min ssawalen… Aya merra ḥuma a x-asen dd-adfen. Maca waxxa amenni, ttuɣa-tent d tirezzutin ssersent aẓru n ddsad, ttwaḥsabent d tala i waṭṭas n trezzutin ttwaggant lexxu, deg yeyyar n tesnilest, niɣ n tetruppulugt, niɣ n tsusyulugt, niɣ n tsekla…
Awarn i wufuɣ n uḥewwas, aked uselmed i teḍfer ddewla n Lmeɣrib, i yebnan x wesɛerreb, yejja imerzuten ad reẓmen aqemmum ɣer ccerq, ad ttun tadelsa-nsen d yiles-nsen. Maca aked ineggura n isegg°usa n settin terred-dd awru, dewlen ttwaggan isurifen n trezzutin x tmaziɣt d tdelsa-nnes d leɛwayed n imaziɣen…
Madam nessawal x uzemmem d wegraw n leɛwayed d wudmawen n tsekla tamiwant, a dd-nidar Ḥasan Benɛaqiya i yesmunen xarebbi n yezlan n Arif, d Ɛebdelmuṭṭalib Zizawi i yuran tarezzut-nnes n dduktura x yezlan n Arif ula d netta. Zeg yinni i yesmunen izlan ɛawed, dinni Maysa Racida, tessufeɣ-iten-dd deg wedlis qqaren-as: « izran izran »… Aked uɣezdis n uzemmem n yezlan, din wi yeswiẓẓḍen ɛawed ɣer tḥuja d tenfas; zag-sen: Muḥemmed El Ayoubi i yesmunen 15 n tenfas tiqdimin, iturjem-itent ɣer tefransist, izemmem-itent deg yij n wedlis yeffeɣ-dd asegg°as n 2000 s yisem n « Les merveilles du Rif ». Din ɛawed Qaḍi Qeddur i izemmemen ij n tnayen n tḥuja yura-tent di trezzut-nnes n dduktura, iturjem-itent ɣer tefransist. din Hicam Beɛɛu i dd-yessufɣen adlis-nnes amezwaru « nnan di zic n wussan », yesmun dag-s tmenya n tḥuja n Arif. Din ɛawed Muḥemmed Aquḍaḍ i dd-yesmunen lebɛaḍ n tḥuja, maca izemmem aturjem i dasent-yegga waha ɣer taɛrabt, deg yij n wedlis yeffeɣ-dd d ucrik aked Ɛebdellah Cariq d Lḥusin Lqamari asegg°as n 1994. Wer nettettu ɛawed Muḥemmed Budcic, ula d netta yessufeɣ-dd adlis yesmun dag-s tiḥuja n Arif, maca ula d netta wer izemmem ca iḍrisen i yuran s yiles n tmaziɣt, yestekfa s uturjem-nsen ɣer teɛrabt, Din ɛawed Jamal Abarrou i dd-yessufɣen adlis asegg°as n 2018, yegga-s « LILA ET AMAR Contes berbères du Rif de la tribu d’Ayt Waryagher » yesmun dag-s tinfas zi Ayt Weryaɣel, turejment ɣer tefransist.
Min ma nenna x uzemmem n tdelsa d leɛwayed n Arif, nettaf ila aṭṭas i daneɣ-yeɛdun, aṭṭas i daneɣ-ixessen… Kter ɛad, di zzman-a i di nettɛic aked cwayt n yewdan ɛad ɛeqlen i tmunitin n twacunin ɣer tfawt n lqendel, d tirart n « man fus i yellan sennej » deg wexxam, d uɛawed n tḥuja, d wesneḥsel n yij d wenneɣni s twafitin… Arendad i manaya, nettaka s umerzu Muḥemmed Budcic ittahnaci ḥuma ad yemmneɣ aked iseɣwan n zzman i yesreggaben udem n Arif n yij nnhar... ittahnaci ḥuma ad izemmem min yuglen di twengimin i di yeqqim cwayt n buḥbel, ataɣ ad yeqqim yercem wer imeḥḥi.
Zegga i dd-yessufeɣ adlis deg 2019, yesmun dag-s tiḥuja, yedwel-dd Muḥemmed Budcic s wedlis nniḍen d amaynu, yeffeɣ-dd asegg°as-a (2021) s yisem n « Ca n tirarin n wegdud d timeɣrabiyin , zi Arif » (ألعاب شعبية مغربية من الريف), Adlis-a yura-t s teɛrabt, dag-s 223 n tesniwin, yegga-s tamessizwarut Jamal ddin Lxaḍiri.
1- Lxezrat deg wezwel
Azwel n wedlis yura s tira gedrent, yebḍa x tnayen n icerriḍen. Acerriḍ amezwaru dag-s: « Ca n tirarin n wegdud d timeɣrabiyin ». Acerriḍ wiss tnayen dag-s: « zi Arif ». Da, ittban umari ila yexs a dd-yebḍa s yij n wemkan d ajugrafi d ameqqran, i ɣer yeqqen timeslayin i xef yesserɣ tfawt di trezzut-nnes (Lmeɣrib). Zi senni, ihekk°a-dd ḥuma ad yessken s uḍaḍ ɣer wemkan ajugrafi d ameẓẓyan i xef yessers tiṭṭ di trezzut-nnes (Arif). Azwel yeqqar s yij n lefhamet: tirarin-a d timeɣrabiyin, maca necc ixḍareɣ-awem-dd zi Arif waha.
Min nzemmer a nini x manaya? Aseqsi-ya, ittawey-aneɣ bac a nehwel cwayt amari s useqsi nniḍen, a das-nini: Ma wer tettwilid aqa ttuɣa tzemmred a dd-tebdid zeg wemkan d ajugrafi d ameqqran, yujer wenni i di tesnaɣed tirarin-a? Ma wer tettwilid aqa tirarin-a d timaziɣin, nzemmer a tent-naf di kter zi tmenya n tmizar mani i tettenneḍ tmaziɣt, d mani i tella rriḥet n tdelsa tamaziɣt? Ttuɣa izemmer wezwel n wedlis ad yili ammu: « Ca n tirarin n wegdud d timaziɣin zi Arif ». S manaya, ttwaliɣ nreẓẓem tawwurt i imeɣri ḥuma ad yaka s usentel-a aqa iẓewran-nnes wtin ula ajemmaḍ i yegmiren i tegga tsertit. Tirarin-a, aqqa-ten-t di merra timura n imaziɣen.
2- Min izemmem Muḥemmed Budcic?
Amen nniɣ qbel, yusa-dd wedlis-a ḥuma ad yessedder min ittraḥen ittmetta, s uzelzi n tɛejjajt x tirarin n yeqdimen di Arif, i zi nzemmar a dd-nessufeɣ lxezrat d tintrupulugin, d tisusyulugin ɣer tudert n Arif d irifiyen. Minzi di llṭa i di ttuɣa wer llint sekwilat, ttuɣa tirarin-a d ij n sekwila i zi dd-iɛeddu uḥenjir arifi, ilemmed dag-s mamec dd-ɣa-yawi tasɣart-nnes, mamec ɣa yeṭṭef acbar, mamec ɣa iweqqer wi yemɣaren, mamec ɣa yessejhed ddat-nnes… Tirarin n yeqdimen, nzemmer a x-asent nini: d asurif i zi dd-iɛeddu uḥenjir ḥuma ad yili d arifi, mmi-s n Arif n llṭa-nni…
Sennej i tmessizwarut i yura Jamal Lxaḍiri, d yij n tadaft tura s ufus n umari, nettaf adlis-a yebḍa x setta n iɣezdisa: tirarin n jjmaɛet, tirarin n lmunasabat, tirarin n leqfazet d uɣamar, tirarin n wi ɣa irebḥen, tirarin n wemseksi, tirarin n tiɣit.
S kulci; yesmun Budcic 47 n tirarin, deg yij n trezzut iwessef dag-s mamec i ttuɣa tteggen i tirarin-a, d wi tent-ittiraren, d mani i tent-ttiraren, d melmi. Manaya merra yerra-s tayit s yij n tiɣit, d yij n tutlayt tɣeyyez, tessakk°aḍ aterras ad yefhem tirart axmi i dag-s ixezzar zzat i tiṭṭawin-nnes.
3- Zi Arif, maca cwayt zi Arif.
Amen nessen, tirarin n imaziɣen waxxa d tinni d tinni, maca ttemsebḍant di lebɛaḍ n twezwizin i ittejjan abeddi ɣer-sent yif ad yili ḥuma ad tizdig lxezrat ɣer trezzut d uzemmem n uɣezdis-a n tdelsa tamaziɣt. Zeg iwezwizen-a i ibeṭṭan tirart zi tmurt-a ɣer tin, niɣ zi teqbilt-a ɣer tin, niɣ ca n twalatin zi ddcer-a ɣer win…; nettaf din isem n tirart. Manaya wer ɣer-s ibedd ca umari Muḥemmed Budcic deg waṭṭas n twalatin. S umedya, tinuffra din wi tt-ittsemman tiqnuffar (zi qqen+nuffer); taḥrarat, din wi tt-ittsemman « meḥrurd »; imezleqfen din wi ten-ittsemman imeddqen; aẓru n lemḥijj din wi s-yeqqaren » taqedduḥt n lemḥijj », (minzi deg wemkan n weẓru, ttḥejjren taqedduḥt). « tcemm » din wi das yeqqaren « man fus i yellan sennej »…. Abeddi ɣer manaya izemmer ad yili, maca ittxessa-t wakud d azegrar d usilleɣ n trezzut, d wennaḍ x waṭṭas n imukan.
Xmi nettɛaqqab ɣer wedlis n Muḥemmed Budcic, nettaf-it yugem-dd min yura zi xemsa n yewdan d imeqqranen di lesnin, kul ijjen manis:
- Ḥmed n Ḥemmu n Cɛayeb, d usɛid, ilul asegg°as n 1941.
- Muḥemmed Dari n Reḥmun, d utewzin, yexleq deg 1917.
- Faḍma n Mmuḥ belleḥsen, d utemsamant, tlul deg 1939
- Muḥemmed n Ɛbesslam Lemrabeṭ, d usɛid, ilul asegg°as n 1955.
- Faṭima n Mmuḥ n Ɛmer, d tawriccect, texleq deg 1936.
Xmi nxezzar deg iterrasen-a i zi dd-yugem Budcic, nettessen ila yessers aḍar-nnes deg webrid n trezzut iqaden, minzi yeqseḍ iwdan i yellan d tisedlisin, tiwengimin-nsen iẓḍent s tdelsa tarifit i ttuɣa tteddren kul ass. Maca waxxa amenni, ittɣima usurif-a yeḥdaj isurifen nneɣnit i ɣa iraḥen ɣer iqelɛiyen d Ayt weryaɣel d ibeqquyen d icebdanen d yebdalsen d ayt yeznasen… Bac ad tiriw trezzut, ad iban mani ttemsebḍant tirarin d mani ttemsagarent, la di mamec tent-ittsemma kul amkan, la ɛawed di mamec dasent-tteggen… Manaya bac ad yili, wer yelli ca x yiri n Budcic waha, maca aqqa-t x yiri n merra imerzuten n Arif, d merra imeḥḍaren d iselmaden i itterran taynit i tmaziɣt d min ɣer-s yeqqnen.
4- Merra min izemmem Budcic d tirarin?
Zi ca n tirarin i izemmem Muḥemmed Budcic deg wedlis-nnes, rriɣ taynit i ca n leɛwayed waxxa yeḥḍer dag-sent wudem-nni n lefraḥet d ufewwej, maca yemra bac a tent-nsettef aked tirarin. S umedya, xmi nessawal x Carreḥ Melleḥ, nessawal x ubeddi n imaziɣen ɣer tɛensart. Abeddi-ya swizant dag-s temɣarin d yergazen d iḥudriyen d iḥenjiren… Ittadef di leɛwayed niɣ (ṭṭuqus) n ubeddi ɣer yij n wass ɣer-sen mayemmi i ɣer-s ttbeddan. Mala tekkid-dd x ca n jjmaɛet tteggen cerreḥ melleḥ, uca tennid-asen aqa tettirarem, wer dasen-itteɛjib bu lḥal. Minzi min din tteggen ssnen illa wer yelli bu d tirart.
Min nenna x carreḥ melleḥ di tɛensart, nzemmer a t-nini ula x baccix deg wass n lɛid ameqqran. Xmi i ttmunen iḥudriyen n ddcar ad ggen baccix deg wass n lɛid, wer ḥessben ca min tteggen d tirart. Amenni ɛawed ula d aqelluz i tteggen deg wurar.
Baccix d carreḥ melleḥ d uqelluz… mamec ttwaliɣ, udfen di leɛwayed n wegdud, maca wer llin ca d tirart. Temsar-asen ame tutra n wenẓar/ taɣenja, am ubarreḥ di leswaq… Waxxa deg-sen ij uɣezdis n ufewwej, maca yemra bac a t-negg d taksart ḥuma a neḥseb kulci d tirart.
5- Tirart; d uɣezdis nniḍen n tsekla tamiwant.
Mala ttuɣa tirart dag-s tilal i ittejjan aḥenjir yezzunguz, ineggez, ittemseksi, ittegg tizemmar… Maca zi jjihet nniḍen; aṭṭas zi tirarin ksint udem n tsekla tamiwant, nzemmer a tent-neḥseb d cal i di yewta yiles iẓewran, aked uɣezdis n tenfas d twafitin d yezlan…
Yesserɣ tfawt Muḥemmed Budcic x waṭṭas n yeḍrisen, yeḥya-ten-dd deg wedlis-nnes, zegga i neggur a neẓẓall x waṭṭas n wudmawen n tsekla i iweddren aked ubeddel n wamun arifi.
Maca zegga i rriɣ taynit i ca n yeḍrisen, ufiɣ din tamatart n useqsi tettemrusa x ca n wawalen i ittxessan ad ttwaɣeyyzen, ḥuma ad ɛdun amen tenna ɣer imeɣra. S umedya, deg weḍris i yettwaqqaren di tirart n « tcemm », nettaf dag-s: « mani llan waman-nni? Swin-ten wayyraden. Mani llan wayraden-nni? ɣersen-asen ixedmiyen ».
Necc amen ssneɣ, deg wemkan n « wayyraden » i dd-yusin deg weḍris i izemmem Budcic, ttuɣa ittxessa-t ad yari « iyarraḍ » (Mani llan waman-nni? swin-ten iyarraḍ. Mani llan iyarraḍ-nni? ɣersen-asen ixedmiyen). D wa i yudsen ɣer tidet, minzi wer yelli ca n yizem ɣerrsen-as yewdan. Izemmer ad yili umari wer izemmem bu mliḥ min yesla zeg yinni i das-iɛawden, niɣ zi manis i dd-yugem, izemmer ɛawed ad yili ibeddel weḍris zi teqbilt ɣer tenniḍen.
Aḍris-a n n « tcemm » d amedya, din iḍrisen nneɣni ḥdajen abeddi ɣer mamec i ten ttɛawaden deg yimukan nneɣnit, amecnaw ḥida mida d ca nniḍen…
6- Ɣer umeggar:
Muḥemmed Budcic, zeg imerzuten i yeggin aɣyul deg waṭṭas n imussnawen ixeddmen deg wazzerg n tsekla d tdelsa d tutlayt timaziɣin, minzi iruḥ ɣer mummu n min neḥdaj kter zi ca nniḍen. Mala ttuɣa ikulunyalen zemmemen ḥuma ad ssnen arif d tudert n irifiyen, bac ad ssun abrid i uḥewwes, Budcic d ij umerzu ittzemmam bac ad yejj tawengimt n Arif lebda tedder. Bac ad yessen urifi i dd-yekkren x tirart n ubidyu d intirnit, ad yerẓem tiṭṭawin-nnes deg izurag n tdelsa n lejdud i di yella waṭṭas n wudem n tudert d tcuni.


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Alkam agejdan
Alkam agejdan di tesnallunt d azlem uddinan n yitran issiliɣ-d azal n 80% seg yitran yemgaraden deg umeɣrad, tessegraw-it-id yiwet n twenɣa ,i wakken ad t-ittessesmel s unect n yini d tedwast n usfijjej. Itran n welkem agejdan ttwassnen s akken tafasa n usfijjej-nsen d tin i d-yekkan seg tsedmirt n wezday aɣisan n uhidṛujin deg wul n yitri, dɣa anecta iga d snat n tsedmirin n wezday aɣisan i d-igellun s [[Hilyum|uhilyum].
Tawenɣa issegrawen ger n tkura n yitri d yini n yini waylal-is d tedwast n usfijjej-is tettwasemma s usesmel n Hertzsprung–Russell, ma d tagrawt n yitran n ubaggus-a di twenɣa-ayi tettwasemma s welkem agejdan, acku tessiliɣ-d azal n 80% seg telmas n yitran yellan deg umeɣrad. Ma d isesmilen n yitran yeffɣen seg ubaggus-a agejdan ssesmilen-d 20% seg yitran n umeɣrad, dɣa ttemsegrawen-d di twenɣa ɣef sin n yibaggusen niḍen, yerna iglamen-nsen mgaraden s waṭas ɣef yiglamen n yitran n welkem agejdan, acku asufeɣ-nsen d ufares-nsen i tfasa yettuɣal ɣer tsedmirin niḍen anagar azday aɣisan n uhidṛujin i d-igellun s uhilyum.


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Awar n Arebbi s Tmazight n Arrif
Ṯarifiṯ
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Ṯuḏarṯ n Siḏna Isḥaq ḏ Siḏna Yaƹqub s ṯmaziɣṯ n Arrif (Ṯarifiṯ)
Ṣenneṭ i ȓebƹaḏ n lʼayaṯ zi ssura umi qqaren Imezwura zeg wuḏem wis 25 aȓ 35. Ṯessawaȓ x ȓiyyam n Siḏna Isḥaq ḏ mmis Siḏna Yaƹqub, ṯtarjem ḏanita s ṯmaziɣṯ n Arrif, iƹni ṯarifiṯ.
Ɣer ḏanita x Siḏna Yaƹqub wami imuɣzer ak yij n lmalaʼika irezzu Siḏna Yaƹqub aṯ ibarek Siḏ Arebbi. Manaya aqaṯ ḏeg wuḏem wis 32 zi lʼaya 22 aȓ 28: Ikkar Siḏna Yaƹqub ǧiȓeṯ nni, yiwi ṯimɣarin nnes s ṯnayen, ḏ ṯnayen n ṯxeddamin nnes, ḏ ḥiṭac n ṯarwa nnes, izwa iɣzar umi qqaren Yabbuq. Isezwa-ṯen ajemmaḍ-in n yiɣzar akeḏ wagȓa nnes marra. Maca iqqim Siḏna Yaƹqub waḥḏes u itmuɣzaȓ akiḏes ḏinni ij n uryaz aȓ wami ḏ ȓefjaȓ. Wami yufa uryaz nni belli war ḏas izemmar ca i Siḏna Yaƹqub aṯ iɣȓeb, yuwwṯi-ṯ ɣar uyumes uḍar, uca ibḏa itzeḥḥaf.
- Inna-as uryaz nni i Siḏna Yaƹqub: "Ifejjaȓ-d ȓḥaȓ, ḍȓeq-ayi."
- Yarra xas Siḏna Yaƹqub: "War ḏac ḍeǧqeɣ ca aȓ ḏayi ɣa ṯbarkeḏ."
- Isseqsa-ṯ uryaz nni: "Mamc ḏac qqaren?"
- Yarra xas: "Qqaren-ayi Yaƹqub."
- Inna-as uryaz nni: "War itiȓi yisem nnec Yaƹqub zi ssa aȓ ṯsawent, maca aḏ yiȓi Israʼil, minzi ṯmuɣzȓeḏ akeḏ Arebbi ḏ yiwḏan ṯrebḥeḏ."
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Imezwura 25:19 – 26:35
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Imezwura 27:1-46
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Imezwura 28:1-22
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Imezwura 29:1-35
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Imezwura 30:1-43
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Imezwura 31:1-55
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Imezwura 32:1-32
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Imezwura 33:1-20
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Imezwura 35:1-29
Droits d'auteur © 2021, Awar n Arebbi s Tmazight n Arrif


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Ijjen waẓli ittudum-d, ittic-as i unerzaf ijjen tmuɣli tecna jar tisekla n umerẓi niɣ n tayda. Aked wanya n tesfifin n lebḥer di twalat d icten. Aked cek tettwalid iyerẓiẓen ttrakk°alen ɣer lmergeḥ-nnsen d nitni tteggwden zeg inni i d-yusin, d cek tettwlid iselman imeqqranen ttiraren deg wammas n lebḥer. D manaya i tzemmred ad teẓred deg usaray anamur n Lḥusima, i d-yusin x uɣelluy n ubilaj n Lḥusima s ca n ikilumiṭren. Di lwest n teqbilt n Ibeqquyen.
« Ttaseɣ-d ɣer wemkan-a lebda, ttbeddiɣ x tqiccet n wedrar, jar tisejjua n tayda. Xezzreɣ di tesfifin n lebḥer, axmi qqarent tiḥuja wer dasent-ifehhem ḥedd ɣir imezdaɣ ». Ca n wawalen yenna-ten Ḥmed, ijjen zeg inni izeddɣen Ayt Bufraḥ, i yennumen ittas-d kul simana ɣer usaray anamur n Lḥusima. Yettwaḥsaben zi tmeḥdayin tigamanin timeqqranun x cceṭṭ n lebḥer amerwasu di Arrif.
Asaray dag-s 48 alef n uhikṭar, zzag-s 19 alef n uhikṭar d lebḥer, dag-s abarru n markat n imudar d iselman. Mamec iyeddimen-nnes uɛlan s 747 imiṭrawen x tzeqqa n lebḥer. Asaray ibedda-d zeg weftas n Tala Yusef, x ccerq, ittakk°aḍ ar weftas n Cala iris. Zeddɣen dag-s ca n 15 alef n imezdaɣ, i yettɛicen s tarwesa n wulli, minzi amkan merra d idurar yeqseḥ ḥedd ad dag-s icrez ca, kkes zzag-s ɣir zzitun, tasliɣwa d tazart.
Asaray dag-s ɛawed ca n 60 n marka n yejḍaḍ, zzag-s buɛemran umi qqaren arrayes n lebḥar, ittɛic s ca n 16 n tyuya di jjihet-a. D waṭṭas n markrat n iselman akid-sen ula d iɣemmuyen. « Tayda n tmurt d tasebḥant, maca yettwaẓẓu s ufus n furisti ». Yeqqar Yeḥiya, ameksa iwweḍen settin iseggusa di buḥbel-nnes, iddren tudert-nnes amen tekmel jar tisejjura n wemkan-a ittadfen di teqbilt n Ibeqquyen. Yerni yenna ɛawed s usḥissef « tisejjua i ttuɣa da zic, wer yeqqim zzag-sen aṭṭas, ameknaw imerẓi, faḍis, ari d uzemmur ».
Zeg uɣezdis-nnes yettwala Ḥusam, ijjen ig izeddɣen di tegrawt n Arrwaḍi, i yudsen i usaray, belli din ijjen usinef yettḥada raq-a ajyugraf ɣer tella ijjen lhimmet d tameqqrant zeg uɣezdis awennaḍ, ademsan d usari. Manaya tthuddan x-as s tarwesa d tyerma tiɛeffanin, afraḍ i neṭṭaren amenni waha, merra manaya itthudda x usistim ayikuluji d umyanaw (diversité) abyuluji i zi tettwassen tmeḥḍiwt.
Asaray d ijjen wemkan ttasen-d ɣer-s aṭṭas n midden i ttexsen asari n idurar d lebḥer, maca amxumbel i din zzat-s, ibriden wer llin. « Maci ɣir d asaray waha, aqqa d jennet s nnej i tmurt ». D wa d awal i yenna Yunes, d netta ittas-d twalat tamezwarut-nnes ɣer-s zi Nnaḍur, yenna aqqa bnadem ixess uɣil ad d-yas ɣer imukan-a maca amxumbel n webrid.
Yerni yenna « waxxa tibridin qesḥent maca urid d amxumbel di tidet, minzi bnadem izemmer ad isseɛda lweqt d asebḥan, d netta yeggur x iḍaren ḥuma ad iẓer imukan-a istahllen, kulci ggwjen x ẓẓga n ṭṭumubinat, merra imukan i yettilin ggwjen x bnadem, ḥeṭṭan tuɛzaryet-nnsen ». i yenna beɛda netta.
Ɛebdellaṭif izeddɣen deg Ayt Bufraḥ, d wenni ittexsen aṭṭas ad d-yas ɣer usaray, d ticri jar tisecla-nnes, ittɛawad-aneɣ d netta izmummug : « tameḥḍiwt-a g-s aṭṭas n imudar, ameknaw ikeɛben, ilfan d wuccnan » irenni d netta issawal x uccnan « Tuɣa izzar-ayi ẓriɣ ijjen wuccen ca n 10 iseggusa zeg wami, maca wami dasent-nniɣ i ca n imeddukal wer uminen, minzi uccnan-a nqaḍan zi Lmuɣrib ».
Yerni Ɛebdellaṭif min ɣer tella ca n 63 iseggusa, yenna « aɣawas n Amuddu i d-iɛeddan x ttlibizyu, isewwer-d ca n setta iseggusa zeg wami uccen afrikan da, isewwer ca n tlata zzag-s, ittsemma amuder-a ɛad yella di Lmuɣrib, aqqa-t deg usaray anamur n Lḥusima »
Yura-t: Cafiq Ɛennuri
Tala: Bannasa


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Iḍelli, uɣeɣ-d adlis n tmedyazt, isemma-as bab-is Taḥbult n tatut… D tizrigin Ɛeccab i t-id-isuffɣen, ussan-agi kan.
Wissen akken d acu i ttraǧuɣ, lliɣ di tkerrust. Daxel n tkerrust, tasmudi acek-itt, di beṛṛa azɣal yeslemliw. Bdiɣ ttwaliɣ deg udlis-nni, walaɣ unuɣ n tɣellaft, walaɣ awal i d-yeddan deffir n udlis (taɣellaft tis 04) : d tukkist seg usefru wis 04. S yin akkin dliɣ ɣef yiḍrisen n udlis ; wwet ɣer sdat, wwet ɣer deffir. Bdiɣ keččmeɣ cwiṭ cwiṭ deg udlis, asebtar yettakk-iyi i wayeḍ almi i d-ufiɣ iman-iw ttnemḍareɣ gar yisefra n Mexluf n At Qasi U Sɛid.
Tasmudi di tkerrust, teslafay, di beṛṛa azɣal yeslewliw… Qqareɣ asefru deffir wayeḍ. Tasmudi n tkerrust acek-itt, isefra acek-iten. Ufiɣ iman-iw… lbenna n teswiɛt-nni, d tamxaleft : texleḍ lehna n tasmuḍi-nni d ccbaḥa n yisefra-nni.
Tameddit-nni, refdeɣ-d adlis-nni ; ttalseɣ-asen taɣuri i 26 n yisefra-nni. Amek akken, ufiɣ-d iman-iw ttaruɣ fell-asen. Ha-t-ah kra n wayen i uriɣ :
Taḥbult n tatut d tagella n win i as-iḥedren i tudert amek i tzelleg, yettmuqul deg-s s tmuɣli n umuḍin ur nezmir ad yekker seg tesga i t-yeṭṭfen ; lebɣi yella, tazmert teǧǧa-t.
Taḥbult n tatut d asafar i yettnadi wallaɣ yuysen, win akken yenɣa “wuzzu n wissen”, win ittuɣellben : nnig tezmert d ulac, din yettaf iman-is “uḥeccad”, tettaf iman-is “teɣyulit”, tettaf iman-is “tzelgi”, tettaf iman-is tlufḍa d “tiluxxext”. Din, sekrent rreḥba i tukksa n sser, rrant urar mi neṭṭlent “azalen d yimenzayen”, kkatent ṭbel mi tefsex “trugza d tfuḥlit”.
Taḥbult n tatut d tiɣwist n win ittwaqerḥen sdat tmara, d tamuɣli n tiṭ yettnadin tifrat, d asteqsi ɣef wamek i inekkeṛ umdan iman-is, d asteqsi ɣef wamek i ibeqqu ad yuɣal umdan d wayeḍ (mačči d netta).
D acu kan : taḥbult ur tettewwa ɣef yiwen n wudem. Mexluf Qasi neɣ Mexluf n At Qasi U Sɛid, netta yeẓra annect-a. Amek ih ! d netta i iɛerken, d netta i imeslen, d netta i isewwayen.
Taḥbult n tatut (diɣen) d tiṭ n leɛqel di tegnatin icebken acku ddunit teɛmer s temlel d tebrek ; acku werǧin texla lexla ; acku nfeṛṛeḥ mi d-iruḥ win nḥemmel akken i nfeṛṛeḥ mi iruḥ win ur nebɣi ; wa nettḥir s axxam ad d-yezzi, wayeḍ nettmenni awer d-yezzi (ala aḍar-is) ; acku amdan akken i isseḥluy lejruḥ i yettili d yir ṣṣbuḥ. Akka i t-id-yenna Mexluf (d Qasi neɣ n At Qasi U Sɛid) : “yella win, yella win…”.
Akka i d taḥbult, sin n wudmawen i tesɛa : udem iqebqeb, udem d lemri.
Amek akken ara kfuɣ awal-iw : uriɣ-d kan aḍris-agi akken ad awen-d-iniɣ belli isefra i d-yeddan deg wammud-a n Mexluf Qasi (akka i ires di lekwaɣeḍ) neɣ Mexluf n At Qasi U Sɛid (akka i as-yehwa) d isefra icebḥen, d iḍrisen yelhan. Walit tura kenwi d acu d-tinim.
Ar tayeḍ
Muḥend Akli Salḥi


text:
Tamezdayt (Asɣan)
Tamezdayt tezmer ad tesɛu anamek uzadaɣ dgi id ttegrawen Imasiḥiyen akken ad ẓẓallen u ad ɛebden illu-nsen, neɣ kra n wegdud imasiḥiyen i yecrek yiwen webrid n weɛbad, i tezdi dɣa yiwet n ṭṭayfa.
Titimulujit[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Isem-is ad yili yusa-d si tegrigit : ekkλnσιa (iklisya) s unamek : anejmuɛ, ma mačči d ddeɛwa, neɣ si tseryanit : ܟܢܫܐ s unamek n unejmuɛ, tarbaɛt n medden.
Amezruy[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Amezruy n lebni n teglisyiwin yedda d temhazt ureṣṣi n tmasiḥit deg umaḍal aṛumani, deg Usammar neɣ anda nniḍen. Ixxamen imezwura i tent-icuban ttwabnan ahat gar 233 d 256 sld Tal. Ma gar leqrun 11 d 14, llant-d tkatidraliyin deg Tuṛuft.


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«Rif-nneɣ merra, lmexzen berra!» Atan amek isuɣen kra n 300 n Imaziɣen Irifiyen yemlalen ass n 10.06.2017 di tlemmast n Frankfurt am Main/Lalman.
Timlilit-a d asmekti n tmegreṭ tewwi temsulta (la Police) n Lmerruk, tenɣa mass Mouhcine Fikri aseggas iɛeddan.(Ẓer tamurt.info n 20.02.2017).
S wanay amaziɣ akkd win n Abdelkrim El Khattabi Imaziɣen Irifiyen sseknen-d udem-nsen amaziɣ. Annect-a nnan yessefk adabu amarruki a t-iqader. Llan daɣen yad yennan annect-a ula s tutlayt taɛrabt, iwakken a t-yefhem udabu amerruki.
Dɣa nnan awanek amerruki yessefk ad yessufeɣ „lɛeseker-is” si tmurt n Rif; yessefk ad yebnu yiwen n sbiṭar akkd d yiwet n tseddawit di tmurt n Rif.
Imaziɣen Irifiyen nnan tikli mgal tamḥeqranit n wegdud-nsen sɣur adabu amerruki atan ad tkemmel!


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Tigranin
Tigranin neɣ imɣan igranen (Assaɣ ussnan: Tracheophyta) d tagrawt tamɣawt igebren seg yimɣan yakk deg wacu yella uẓeṭṭa agran igan d agensas ɣef usiweṭ n imazzalen deg yigmanen n yimɣi. Tagrawt-a tesdukkul 4 n tigezmwin yemgaraden:
- Tifuruccnin — (Lycopodiopsida)
- Tifilkuyin — (Filicophyta)
- Timazufsanin — (Gymnospermes)
- Timesdurifsan — (Magnoliophyta)
Tugniwin tigejdanin deg telmas n tegrawta d tilin n yiẓuṛan.
Amdan n telmas[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tagrawt n Tracheophyta tegber seg 383 671 n telmas s unect n Ulloa Ulloa et al.


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1)- Isem-ik yeqqel am nnefs deg yimawen, segmi ad d-nekker ṣṣbeḥ nsell i lɣaci di yal adeg ttadren-d Murad Zimu, teẓriḍ ayagi ?
D acu ara k-iniɣ, ssarameɣ kan n wid i yi-isellen yella wacu ttawin yelha deg wayen xeddmeɣ di ccna neɣ di tira. Zik asmi i cennuɣ kan i yiman-iw d imeddukkal-iw, ttebbrikkuliɣ kan akken ssneɣ, tura, imi simmal ttmagareɣ-d wid i yi-isellen ur ten-ssineɣ ara ttkukruɣ kra, ttagadeɣ ad ccḍeɣ, ttagadeɣ i d-qqareɣ. Ad ɛerḍeɣ ad kemmleɣ ayen akka d-bdiɣ skud mazal tazmert d wallaɣ yestufan.
2)- D acu yesea neɣ d acu d-yewwi Murad Zimu ur t-sein ara neɣ ur t-id-wwin ara inaẓuren nniḍen ?
Ayagi d wiyaḍ i yecbeḥ ad t-id-inin, d wid i isellen i t-yeẓran. Nekk, yal mi ara s-iniɣ ad ɛerḍeɣ ad aruɣ am “zimu” ttafeɣ-d iman-iw zdat n tewriqt tamellalt. Mazal-iyi ttnadiɣ deg yiman-iw d acu yessemgarraden Zimu d wiyaḍ. mazal-iyi d abujad. Tiṭṭ ur tezmir ara ad ttwali iman-is ḥala di lemri, lemri-yagi ihi d kenwi d wid i isellen.
3)- Di yal amḍiq ideg ara d-nemlil tasusant ɣef unaẓur Zimu, nettaf daɣen imeslayen-nni yelhan yenna fell-as Lewnis At Mangellat, i Zimu d acu yezmer ad aɣ-t-id-yini si tama-s ɣef Lewnis ?
Lewnis Aït Menguellet, s tezlatin-is d tid n Yidir d Feṛhat i lemdeɣ agiṭar d ccna. D acu seg wasmi i bdiɣ ttaruɣ imeslayen-inu imezwura i faqeɣ belli ayen akka d-yewwi Lewnis i teqbaylit s wureɣ ur yettwaktal ara. Asmi yecna daɣen tizlit-nni-ines iwumi yeqqar “diri-yi”, yekcem s ul-iw am wakken nemyussan. Zik s isefra-s u s wayen yecna yezdeɣ allaɣ-iw, s tezlit-nni deg i d-yerra ṣṣerf i wid i itetten deg weksum-is, yuɣal Lewnis yekcem s ul-iw, ḥulfaɣ-as, ma yehwa-yak, i wayen i t-id-yessneṭqen.
Ayen ur fhimen ara akk ibbeẓbbuẓen-agi (ibeẓbuẓen ?) yekkaten akka deg-s ass-a imi yewwet llir i Butefliqa sakin ɣas a lukan ad as-yewwet llir i Cciṭan ma yehwa-yas azekka, ayen akk i d-yerna i teqbaylit i tutlayt-nneɣ yelha … ad yeqqim ad t-id-afen warraw-nneɣ. Tutlayt-nneɣ ha-tt ɣef yiri n ccfer, kra iseggasen kan, ma nkemmel akka, ur tt-id-tettaf ara tsuta i d-iteddun. Ayen i yexdem Lewnis i tutlayt-nneɣ, mačči d ayen ara sefḍen ifassen-is ɣas ma yehwa-yas ad yewwet llir ula i Saɛid Bouteflika asmi ara yuɣal i lehna (lol) deg wemkan n gma-s Abdelaziz imi ar din i tetteddu ɣef wakken ttwaliɣ.
Ih, ula d nekk qrib d-rriɣ asmi walaɣ Lewnis di 1999 yekkat llir i Butefliqa, rfiɣ fell-as am wakken rfiɣ ɣef Saɛid Saɛdi i iceggɛen Benyounes d Khalida ad ṭṭfen amkan deg udabu. Amek wigi yakk semmḥen-asen leqbayel, Lewnis, netta, refden-d ɣer-s ibeckiḍen !? Nekk ferqeɣ ger useḥmu d userkem. Ha-t-an Amara Benyounes, tzemreḍ ad temgarradeḍ yid-s ɣef tsertit ? Ad mgarradent tikta-nwen, d acu deg weɣmis-ines kamim yexdem kra isebtaren s tmaziɣt neɣ ala ? Ha-t-an Saɛid Saɛdi, ur k-hwint ara tikta-s a sidi, yella wacu s-id-tessukkseḍ, d acu, ur tettu ara kamim belli yura ungal s tmaziɣt (askuti), belli yettwaḥbes d 23 nniḍen n leqbayel ɣef tmaziɣt … mačči d ayen yezmer u mačči d ayen i ilaq ad yenker walebɛaḍ. Ala win i ixeddmen i yessexṣaren, yal tirect tesɛa akerfa. Ha-t-an Ferḥat, ahat ttwalem ur d-tezgiḍ ara yid-s ass-a imi yessawal ar timanit n Tmurt n Leqbayel, d acu, ur tettu ara belli yečča-tt-id di lḥebs 13 n tikkal ɣef tmaziɣt d izerfan n wemdan, ur tettu ara tizlatin-nni-ines k-id-yessakin.
Amer d wanag nekkni s leqbayel aql-aɣ am wakken d tawacult. Ger-aneɣ, ad nemyexbac akka cuya, ad nemyuččaḥ ger-aneɣ, ad nemɣanzu, d acu, mačči zdat n medden akk, mi ara d-naweḍ ar tidet, ad nemyeɛqal ger-aneɣ d atmaten. Muqlet kan s amezruy-nneɣ, wi yenɣan Yugurten ? Wi yezzenzen Ḥend Umerri ? Acimi yessusem Krim asmi yeẓra belli ad nɣen Abane Remdan ? … atg Ass-a d lawan ad tbeddel neɣ ala ? Gma ixuṣṣ, yexdem tixeṣṣarin, ad nqeṣṣer, ad zeɛfeɣ fell-as, ad yezɛef fell-i, ad t-regmeɣ ad iyi-yergem, d acu ay ameddakkel ur nekreɣ ara ayen d-yewwi, ur ttakkeɣ ara deg-s afus, ur t-znuzuyeɣ ara i wid ur t-nettqil ara, ur beṭṭuɣ ara yid-s akken ad d-afen yeɛdawen amek ara d-kecmen ger-aneɣ.
4)- D acu tzemreḍ ad aɣ-d-tiniḍ ɣef yiman-ik akken ad nissin kra seg wayen ur nessin ara deg-k ?
Steqsi-yi-d ayen i tebɣiḍ ad teẓreḍ fell-i, ma d ayen zemreɣ ad t-id iniɣ ad teẓreḍ ur k-ttɣulluɣ ara.
5)- Tcennuḍ akken ad tecnuḍ neɣ yella wayen k-yerran yessefk ad tecnuḍ ? Ma d aneggaru-a, ini-yaɣ-t-id ttxil-k !
Cukkeɣ ulac acennay i yeẓran d tidet d acu t-id-yessneṭqen. Kra n win ara testeqsiḍ ad k-id-yini yufa-d iman-is di ccna kan akka. Di tazwara nḥemmel ccna sakin tettawi-yaɣ leḥmala-nni alamma nessegma-d deg-neɣ asirem akken ad necnu. Mi ara tebduḍ ccna ur tettfiqeḍ ara yella wacu k-id-yessenṭaqen, s yakka d tusawent, ara d-tettafeḍ deg yiman-ik i wayen yessembbiwilen ul-ik akken ad taruḍ isefra d tezlatin.
6)- Zimu d anaẓur aqbayli neɣ nezmer ad as-nessiwel akken nniḍen ? Ma yella d amezwaru i tferneḍ, d aɣref ay nella neɣ uhu ?
D aqbayli ih ! Ma tenniḍ-iyi-d wansi-k si Tmurt n Leqbayel ad k-iniɣ : “n At Ɣebri”. Ma tḥewwseḍ ad tfehmeḍ ugar ad k-iniɣ : “Iɛeẓẓugen”. Ma tebɣiḍ dɣa ad teẓreḍ anita tama seg Iɛeẓẓugen ad k-iniɣ : “Ifiɣa”. Ma tenniḍ-iyi-d anita taddart, ad k-iniɣ : “Ucallam” … Kečč ma tḥedqeḍ ad d-tiniḍ : “xyaṛ nnas” mst.
Dagi di Fransa, anida xeddmeɣ akken, mi ara yi-d-inin ansi-k qqareɣ-asen : “n Lezzayer”. Weqbel ad yi-d-steqsin wansi-yi di Lezzayer imi ttagadeɣ ad iyi-rren d aɛrab, qqareɣ-asen : “n Tmurt n Leqbayel”. Dɣa qqaren-iyi-d : “amek almi mačči d allen tizegzawin i tesɛiḍ ?”. Dɣa nekk qqareɣ-asen : “ça fait, ula d kenwi kellxen-awen … !? mst”. Akka, tura ma d aɣref i nella neɣ ala !? D ayen i ibanen, d aɣref ay ameddakkel. Ala wid i ixeddmen tasertit i yettagaden ad d-inin ayenni.
7)- Di tezlit-inek Yef tefsut taberkant, tenniḍ-aY-d d acu yessefk ad t-nuqem ma d tamaziYt i nettnadi, aṭas n yemdanen ur k-gzin ara akken yessefk, tzemreḍ ad aɣ-d-tessegzuḍ ugar amek akk i tettwaliḍ tamsalt-a ? Tizlit-nni tessendef kra n wid yesseḥsaben i yimukan-nsen. Wid yettagaden tidet kerhen tidet akken teẓriḍ. Tamaziɣt, d ayen i ibanen, tlaq ad tili di yal amkan, di tebratin, di lakul, d taɣelnawt, di tmendawt, di tilibizyu, di rradyu, deg iberdan … ayagi akk i wakken ad d-yili, am wakken ttxemmimen aṭas n leqbayel, ilaq ad ilin wid ara isuɣen deg wudem n udabu, wid i ixeddmen tasertit am ikabaren … Netta tidet kan, tamaziɣt mačči d adabu ara k-tt-id-yefken, di tilawt, tamaziɣt akken ad tidir teḥdaǧ wid ara tt-yemmeslayen, ara tt-yarun, ara tt-yeɣren. Ɣef waya mi ara tmuqleḍ akka, ɣur-neɣ kan i d-teqqim. Ad d-qqaren yiwen yenna-yas i Muḥya (ad s-yeɛfu Rebbi) : “nekk zemreɣ ad mmteɣ ɣef tmaziɣt”, yerra-yas-d Mohia yenna-yas : “tamaziɣt teḥwaǧ wid ara yidiren fell-as …”. Ayagi d ayen i ibanen, tameslayt ur tettmettat ara skud llan wid tt-yessexdamen.
Nekkni, mačči akken, mi ara nexdem laggrif (La grève) neɣ ad nheggi tikli ɣef tmaziɣt di tefsut Imaziɣen n 20 yebrir teffɣen-d ma drus 200000 ar Tizi Wezzu akken ad lḥun, mi ara d-tessufɣeḍ ungal neɣ tasɣunt s teqbaylit ad nzen deg-s 20 neɣ 30 u d imeɣnasen kan (militants) ara ten-yaɣen !? Mi ara txedmeḍ tameɣra di tefsut n 20 yebrir neɣ di yennayer di Le Zénith ucayl Llah, ad d-asen ad ceḍḥen 6000 n leqbayel u ad xellṣen ger 20 d 30 €, mi ara tessiwel tiddukla n tmaziɣt i leqbayel yettidiren di Fransa ad d-ceyyɛen arraw-nsen ad ɣren tamaziɣt baṭel, ulac win i d-yettasen, yettɣimi uselmad n tmaziɣt weḥd-s di tzeqqa. Acu-tt ssiɛqa-agi i ɣ-yehman akka ? Mačči d nekkni ideg yella iɣisi ass-a ?
Aql-aken tetteddum ad theggim aɣmis-agi-nwen s tmaziɣt i nekkni, i leqbayel akken ma llan, akka kra wussan ad d-tuɣaleḍ, ini-yi-d acḥal i n-ikeččmen s asmel akken ad ɣren ayen ara sen-id-tarum s tmaziɣt, si tama nniḍen muqel ar wacḥal i ikeččmen si leqbayel ad mseččawen s tefransist d lexyalat di les forums yettwassnen.
8)- Asirem-ik d-tbedreḍ di tririt-ik ɣef westeqsi amezwaru, atan zemreɣ ad ak-iniɣ yeffeɣ, acku nekk d asen-isellen i lɣaci d wacu heddren fell-ak, ẓriɣ ihi aṭas n wayen yelhan i yettawin seg wayen tqeddceḍ( ccna-k d tira-k). Imi akka tuɣaleḍ tettagadeḍ tuccḍa, zemreɣ ad ak-iniɣ daɣen, atan tegziḍ nezzeh d acu n wazal yesea unaẓur di tmetti-s. Tura aṭas i yezziɣ nnḍeɣ deg wawal, ihi asteqsi-w d wa : I tsusmi tettagadeḍ-tt ? Riɣ a d-iniɣ ma teẓriḍ ahat atan lɣaci-agi i k-iḥemmlen, ɣer ɣur-k i yettarran timuɣliwin n wallaɣen-nsen di tegnatin ideg ur ssawaḍen ara ad meyyzen akken yessefk timsal i ken-yesduklen, mi ara kersent tindac ?
Dusema dusema kan … Tuccḍa ɣef i d-mmeslayeɣ ttwalem ur s-nefki ara yiwen unamek nekk yid-k. Amedya wid-nni d-yewwten akken di tezlit-nni-inu « tafsut taberkant », ɣilen-iyi ccḍeɣ, nekk ɣur-i ihi mačči d tuccḍa tinna. Mazal ad d-iniɣ ugar n wayen d-nniɣ di tezlit-nni. Ma d wid yessaramen ad d-iniɣ deg webdil-nsen kra, ɣas ur ttkalen ara fell-i, win yebɣan ad d-yini kra, yini-t-id s yiman-is, nekk qqareɣ-d kan ayen bɣiɣ ad t-id-iniɣ, nekk mačči d ayen bɣan wiyaḍ i d-qqareɣ.
9)- Tiririt-ik ɣef westeqsi wis-sin, tesmektayi-d d yiwet n tmacahut n watmaten Grimm, anida tettaded yiwet n tgeldit zdat lemri, testeqsay-it “anta i yugaren akk tiyaḍ di ccbaḥa di tmurt”, i kečč lemmer ad testeqsiḍ kra n wass lemri-agi iYef d-temmeslayeḍ, ad ak-yini “tzadeḍ a Zimu, maca, yifi-k …”, anwa neɣ anta ara d-yersen imiren zdat wallen-ik d amezwaru ngum(uqbel) ad yessali ameslay ?
Ɣas ulamma tessbeɛdeḍ ameslay, ad ɛerḍeɣ ad k-d-fkeɣ tiririt-inu. Di ccna neɣ deg isefra aṭas i d iyi-yugaren. Mačči d ayen ara d-adreɣ. Tamezwarut, wid i yi-zwaren ɣer ccna ifen-iyi akken ma llan, ayagi d ayen i ibanen, zwir di temẓi akken ad timɣureḍ, i qqaren les anciens. Ma d wid yellan akka d tizzya-w, ma yehwa-yak, ad d-bedreɣ akka kra deg-sen i walaɣ ifen-iyi : Djamel Kaloun, Ali Amran, Belaid Branis, Hakim Tidaf, Oulehlou, Nabila Dali, Djidji, Mohamed Allaoua, Mourad Guerbas, Ujrih, Mhand, Massy … d waṭas nniḍen. Yal wa deg-sen yif-iyi di tɣawsa neɣ snat. Selleɣ-asen akk deg wexxam-iw, di tkerrust, hwan-iyi akken ma llan.
10)- Tura a d-uɣleɣ ɣer tririt-ik ɣef westeqsi wis-kraḍ(3), d tidet aṭas i d-yewwi Lewnis i teqbaylit, maca, yezmer wemdan daɣen a d-yini tiwin-agi yella deg-s wayen yelhan d wayen ndiri neɣ yelha yakk wayen d-yewwi ?
Ferneɣ ad ak-d-fkeɣ asteqsi-agi i kečč, acku sliɣ daɣen qqaren widak k-iḥemmlen Zimu yewwi-d aẓar seg at Muḥya. Ihi ad k-id-smektiɣ netta, Muḥya(ad rsen yeɣsan-is ti talwit !) yenna :“Iferr ibawen yegman d asawen, llah ibarek, di lmeeṭa n Rebbi, eni yella yiferr ibawen yegman d akessar ?” neɣ “At Mangellat yeqqim almi d 83 yufa-d aerab di tferkas, yesserɣ-it-id s weḥlalas, tae ! tae !”. Mi ara tt-id-yawi wemdan tura à la Muḥya, yezmer a d-yini “aerab-nni d-yufa di tferkas, yessuqel-as-d tura ula d isefra-s, ɣas ulamma d netta i yecnan ma nnan-ak el ba d el ba, el waw mačči d lhemza, ad ak-mlen yakk leilm anida yeffer” neɣ tella tayeḍ nniḍen, ahat ula d kečč tesliḍ yerna ad tiliḍ tessneḍ “A mmi”, yiwet ger tezlatin-is sut ccan ameqqran, qqaren medden ula d tikti-s tlul-d seg ugeldun n Niccolò Machiavelli. Mi ara yessaked wemdan imeslayen swayes yessuli tizlit, a d-yaf amzun d tasusant i yuqem i tneslemt, ad as-tiniḍ d limam n tmesgida mi ara yeqqar, mačči d tineslemt ur nelhi ara, maca, d imdanen yettarran iman-nsen d inselmen i diri. atah wayen d-yenna : Ma yella ttamnen, ttawi tteṣbiḥ deg ufus-ik, err iman-ik seg widak yumnen ! Zeggir-asen ɣas deg wul-ik d aɣurru, Rebbi yetteddu d widak iẓewren ! Γas ul-ik d akafri, yiwen ur t-yeẓri, kellex-asen i lɣaci, ttamnen kan ayen ẓerren !
Teḥwağ teqbaylit ayagi neɣ ur ifaq ara i tuccḍa, acku ur d as-tekcim ara s ul tugdi k-ikecmen kečč yennan tettagadeḍ tuccḍa ?
Tidet kan, asteqsi-yagi-inek diri-t, yesbanay-d akk ayen tettxemmimeḍ ɣef Lewnis. Yernu ma tebɣiḍ ad tiḥriceḍ ur d-ttader ara akk Mohia (Ad fell-as yeɛfu Ṛebbi), yiwen seg-neɣ ur yeẓri ara ass-a d acu yellan ger-as d Lewnis. Imezwura-nneɣ amek qqaren-d win yemmuten ssiweḍ-as kan rreḥma tessusmeḍ. Diri ad tewwteḍ amdan s wayeḍ.
Ulac aɣilif, ad d-alseɣ i wayen k-id-nniɣ ɣef Lewnis. Ur tettu ara nettmeslay-d ɣef tsekla. Di tsekla ihi, akken yebɣu yessexṣer umedyaz di tudert-is, ma yella lhan isefra-ines ur ttuɣalen ara diri-ten ger yiḍ d wass, alamma ma ilul-d umedyaz i t-yifen. Ma ilul-d win i t-yifen imiren ad as-inin medden ziɣen yella usefru yifen wayeḍ. D aya kan. Acimi akka Irumyen ur nkiren ara ayen xedmen P. Verlaine d A. Rimbaud, ɣas akken … amek akken tura ara d-nini fell-asen a ssimra imi yexṣer wawal, ɣas akken d iɛeṭṭayen, d wid i iḥemmlen irgazen (Homosexuels). Yerna di lweqt-nni mačči ass-a. Ɣas akken, twalaḍ, fkan-asen azal-nsen, imi ayen d-wwin s tira-nsen i trumit d ayen ɣef ur ilaq ara yiwen ad yessusef. Semman iberdan ɣef yismawen-nsen, lakulat …atg. Ɣef wayenni, akken i k-nniɣ, akken yebɣu yexdem-it Lewnis, ayen d-yerna i teqbaylit mačči d ayen ara yesfeḍ ufus-nni-ines i yessrefqen i Boutef.
11)- Imi d-tudreḍ Idir ger widak d-yeslalen deg-k abrid-agi tuɣeḍ iɣef nettmeslay yerna tenniḍ ih nekkni d aɣref ay ameddakel, riɣ ad ak-iniɣ Idir-agi yerra-yasen i iberraniyen tiririt ɣef westeqsi-agi akken-nniḍen, yenna-yasen uhu nekkni mačči d aɣref. D acu yezmer Murad Zimu ad as-t-yini i Idir ilmend n wayagi ?
Nekk Yidir ay ameddakkel, asmi ara t-id-mlileɣ, ad s-fkeɣ azul d ameqran, ad as-iniɣ tanemmirt tagaɛmirt, am wakken qqaren watmaten-nneɣ imẓabiyen, tanemmirt tagaɛmirt ɣef wayen akk i yexdem i yidles-nneɣ, ɣef wayen akk i icebbeḥ tizlit-nneɣ d iẓuran-nneɣ ar iberraniyen. Asmi ara t-id-mlileɣ, ma tella yid-i tweṣṣaft ass-nni, ad d-ṭṭfeɣ yid-s tawlaft d asmekti akken ad tt-ɛellqeɣ di texxamt-iw. Ma ulac taweṣṣaft yid-i, ad d-ddmeɣ aportabl ad d-weṣṣfeɣ yid-s. Mi ara ad d-kecmeɣ s axxam-iw ass-nni, ad zuxxeɣ yes-s, u ad as-cfuɣ i wass-nni deg i t-mlaleɣ ayen akk ara kkeɣ di tudert-iw ger leqbayel i yessusufen s igenni.
12)- Iqbayliyen ur qqaren ara, ur ttaɣen ara idlisen n teqbaylit am wakka tenniḍ, ayagi yakk d tidet, maca, ansi d-yekka waya ? Mačči d tasertit n tmurt d uzaglu-s i ten-yessawḍen s annect-a ? Iɣerfan akk n ddunit qqaren kra yellan s tutlayt-nsen tayemmat deg uɣerbaz yerna mi ara yaweḍ weqcic 6 iseggasen tewwi-yas-d ad yekcem aɣerbaz-agi, ayagi yettarra imdanen qqaren tutlayin-nsen yehwa-yasen neɣ uhu. Yella kra n webrid neɣ tifrat-nniḍen i yessen Murad Zimu i izemren ad aɣ-ssiwḍent ula d nekkni s ayagi ? Mačči siwa timanit i d tifrat-is ?
Teshel fell-aɣ tririt i icuban tagi : d adabu. Adabu neẓra d acu t-iceɣben si zik. Adabu, amer yettaf ad nkemmel akka di tifenyent-nneɣ di tidderɣelt-nneɣ akken ad temmet tmaziɣt. Sɣarayen tamaziɣt di lakulat ass-a neɣ ala ? Teffɣen-d wungalen s tmaziɣt neɣ ala ?
Amek akka ihi d adabu i yerran leqbayel ur ttaɣen ara ayen yuran s teqbaylit ? Yella win teẓriḍ ddmen-t iǧadarmiyen imi d-yuɣ ungal n Amer Mezdad ? Nekk asmi lliɣ di tmurt, asmi nexdem Asrir Usnan n Tutlayt d Yedles Amaziɣ (club scientifique en langue et culture amazigh), nessufeɣ-d 3 n wuṭṭunen n tesɣunt i wumi nsemma TIRA, s teqbaylit yakk, neznuzuy-itent 15 DA, teẓriḍ !? Ur d-nettaf ara wid ara tent-yaɣen agad Rebbi ! Yernu imiren d l’APW n FFS d RCD (d adabu-nneɣ quoi) i ɣ-d-yefkan idrimen akken ad d-nessufeɣ tasɣunt-nneɣ.
Twalaḍ ihi ass-a adabu, imi yeẓra amek i igan wulawen n leqbayel ar tmaziɣt, d acu i ixeddem ? Adabu yerra-tt d taɣelnawt, yessekcem-itt ar lakulat xeṛsum di tmurt n leqbayel, yerra-tt di tilibizyu … yettak ula d idrimen akken ad d-ssufɣen idlien s tmaziɣt. HCA yessufeɣ-d ugar n 50 yedlisen s tmaziɣt ger-asen dɣa tullisin-inu. D acu, imi leqbayel ur d-lhin ara, imi mmuten wulawen-nneɣ, imi d leqbayel kan uqemmuc, ar tura tutlayt-agi-nneɣ ma nkemmel-as akka ala rḥil ? kan ara truḥ.
Teẓriḍ adabu d acu i ixeddem di tmurt n leqbayel ay ameddakel ? Adabu yefka-d ugar 2600 n turagin (autorisations d’ouverture de débits de boissons) si 2001 ar ass-a, i wakken ad ffuktint ttbernat di tmurt n leqbayel. Wissen ma teẓriḍ daɣen ? Wissen ma teẓriḍ belli d Tamurt n Leqbayel i itessen ccrab d lbira i d-xeddmen di Batna, Médéa d Tlemcen … Wissen ma ɣur-k lexbar ? Di ttbernat akk yellan di tmurt n Lezzayer qrib 85% deg-sent di Tizi Wezzu d Bgayet d Tubiret d Wehran d Lezzayer d Boumerdes i llant.
Ungal n Mezdad yeswa azal n 3 tebyirin. Sel-as mliḥ i tezlit-nni n Zedek Mouloud, « liḥala n tmurt » i s-isemma, sel-as daɣen i tezlit-nni n Matoub (Ad t-yeḥem Rebbi) Anida s-yeqqar : “nnan txuṣṣ lbira, teṣɛeb di Lezzayer ad tt-tafeḍ, nekkni di Tizi tella, smir, sgerger, feggeḍ), sel-asent i tezlatin-agi ad teẓreḍ anida tt-nuɣ s leqbayel.
13)- Imi tenniḍ Ferḥat kerhent yemdanen imi yettnadi Timanit, eni dayen ur nelhi ara wannect-a ? D acu-tt tmuɣli n Murad Zimu metwal timanit i Tmurt n Yeqbayliyen ?
Muqel d acu k-id-nniɣ ɣef Ferḥat : “Ha-t-an Ferḥat, ahat ttwalem ur d-tezgiḍ ara yid-s ass-a imi yessawal ar timanit n Tmurt n Leqbayel, d acu, ur tettu ara belli yečča-tt-id di lḥebs 13 n tikkal ɣef tmaziɣt d izerfan n wemdan, ur tettu ara tizlatin-nni-ines k-id-yessakin “.
Anida ihi i twalaḍ akka belli nniɣ-ak-d Ferḥat kerhen-t yemdanen … !?
Timanit n Tmurt n Leqbayel ihi, akken twalaḍ, nekk mazal ur fhimeɣ ara ayen i s-teqqarem akka Tamurt n Yeqbayliyen, temsalt-agi ihi, ilaq-as uqeṣṣer lqayen, u di tmurt, mačči dagi. D lɛib fell-i ad d-iniɣ kra fell-as. D acu, d rray kan ara d-fkeɣ ur d iyi-ttqassat ara. Ɣef akken ttwaliɣ ihi, asmi ara d-yeɣli wawal n tidet di temsalt-agi, ad mmiren idammen, ad ɣlint tmegraḍ, imi ad d-nuɣal ar udabu-nni, ur nwiɣ ara ad yefhem kan s wawal asmi ara s-ssutren leqbayel timanit. D acu ara yeḍrun assen, ad d-tuɣal daɣen temsalt ɣur-neɣ am taluft-agi n tmaziɣt. Ruḥ tura kečč assen, af-d ihi wid ara yemmten ɣef timanit, ger wid yesteɛgzen ad d-aɣen ula d ungal yura s teqbaylit akken ad t-ɣren !!
14)- Zemreɣ ad gzuɣ deg wayen d-tenniḍ, ɣas ulamma yecceḍ Emara Ben Yunes, yelha si tama-nniḍen, acku tella teqbaylit tura deg weɣmis-is ?
Acimi ara yi-tdeggreḍ akken ad d-iniɣ yelha Amara Benyounes. Nekk ur t-ssineɣ ara, yelha ahat ar imawlan-is d warraw-is d yemddukkal-is. Nekk ad as-iniɣ kan tanemmirt ɣef isebtaren-nni n tmaziɣt yerra di DDK, u ma yella wamek, amer ttafeɣ ad ilin yal ass akka 4 isebtaren s tmaziɣt. Ma nemyussan ad nqeṣṣer tasertit ahat ttwalem ur nettemsefham ara, d acu kan, ur ssenɣaseɣ ara di leqder-is. Tamara ur iyi-terri.
Win yeɣlin ar ukemus ad s-d-ntun yark isennanen. D acu, win yessnen, ad d-iqucc ? kan takermust-nni taẓidant s umeḍrac, ad tt-yesseqcer ad iniwel yes-s seksu deg unebdu !! Imiren, ma yehwa-yak ini-d diri-t ukermus.
15)- Lwennas yenna “ur lliɣ d aerab, ur lliɣ d ineslem”, kečč atan teqqareḍ-asen di Fransa i yemdanen mi ara k-id-steqsin anwa i k-ilan “d Adzayri, si Tmurt n Yeqbayliyen” akken ur k-ttɣilen ara d aerab, annect-a tefra fell-as. Tiririt-ik daɣen ɣef westeqsi yezrin mi d ak-nniɣ “d acu tzemreḍ ad aɣ-tid-iniḍ fell-ak”, tenniḍ, steqsi-yi-d kan, ur k-ttɣulluɣ ara, ihi ata westeqsi : D ineslem Murad Zimu ?
Di temsalt-agi, am wakken qqaren imeddukkal-nneɣ n le MAK, temsalt-agi yal yiwen ger-as d yiman-is kan. C’est personnel. Leqbayel si zik-nsen i tt-fran. Di tuddar-nneɣ llan wid yettẓallan, wid ur nettẓalla ara, wid yettuẓumen wid t-itetten … Llan wid i itessen ccrab, d acu ma yeskeṛ-d yiwen u faqen-as di taddart, ad yefk lḥeqq. Tella ssebba, imi ma yeskeṛ yiwen, yezmer ad yessexṣer i tmeṭṭut neɣ ad yesɛeddi lbaṭel ɣef walebɛaḍ. Yal taddart ihi s lǧameɛ-ines, s lqahwa-ines, s tejmaɛt-ines. Ur nesɛi ara akk iɣeblan-agi, amer d wanag, amer terbiḥeḍ ay ul, tili ad nesseḥbiber ɣef lɛaqliya-agi-nneɣ d-ǧǧan at zik. D acu, taggara-yagi, ula d ayen yelhan ɣur-neɣ, akka ttwaliɣ deg westqsi-yagi-inek, ibeddu yettṛuḥu-yaɣ ula d netta. Ilaq ad nettqeṣṣir ugar ɣef wayen ara ɣ-yessemlilen mačči ɣef wayen ara ɣ-iferqen. D tagi i d tagmat, ma ulac fiḥel. Ad aɣ-d-yessemlil Rebbi ma yebɣa di tegnatin yifen tagi.
Tanemmirt a Zimu
Interview réalisée par A.A
source: tamurt.info


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Qbel ma ad yadef ddin Lislam ɣer Tefrikt taqdimt, ittsemma qbel ad isala lqern wis sebɛa n tlalit alaḥal. Imaziɣen ttuɣa ttamnen s waṭṭas n tdeyyanin, ca zzag-sent n ujenna tinneḍni d tibaganin. Ca zi tdeyyanin-nni nnsen, ittsemma n tmurt, ca nneɣni ɛawed, ksin-tent-id manis nniḍen.
Imaziɣen d tdeyyanin n tmurt
A nebda zi tdeyyanin n tmurt, zeg wakuc Haos (jjihet n temdint n Tagast) d Lilieus (jjihet n temdint n Mdawruc mani ixleq Apulée). D wakuc Jeru (di Certa) d Medaurus (tamdint n Lambir), d Baldir d Bacax. Mamec ɛebden Imaziɣen ca n wakucen-nneɣni n tmurt am Anthée D awliswa d Ischmoun d Tanit.
Mamec ɛebden ca n wakucen d Ifniqen, d Irumaniyen qbel ma ad ilin d wudayen d Irumiyen ɣer uneggaru qqaɛ nedwel d imeslmen. Ixess-aneɣ a nessen belli Imaziɣen ttuɣa ssnen axarres n «Ijjen wakuc » qbel i Lislam d Trumit. Minzi Tudayt ila temneɛ acbar di tmura n Imaziɣen.
Imaziɣen i ydewlen d Imasiḥiyen qbel i Iwruppiyen
Imaziɣen mlussunen aked Tmasiḥit zi lqrun imezwura n tlalit, ṭṭfen dag-s amec ṭṭfen yiḍ-a di Lislam. Dewlen d imussnawen dag-s, urin x-as, mharwaḍen di tmeslayin-nnes. Aṭṭas zzag-sen dewlen d imqeddsen, d imussnawen d ipapawen. Amharwaḍ x Tmasiḥit iwweḍ tqiccit-nnes wami dd-banen inni umi qqaren Idunatiyen (Donatisme) aseggas n 312 n tlalit.
Idunatiyen, Min ɛnan?
Tadunatit d ijjen tegrawla d tamunant x yixef-nnes ijjen wemɣar umi qqaren « Donat ameqqran » niɣ Uḍuna Akerṭaj niɣ uḍuna Anumidi. D ijjen zeg Imaziɣen i das-ibedden i tegilzt tunsibt d iɣes n tmijja.Tadunatit menɛen dag-s Imaziɣen ula kṭer di ledcur Inumdiyen (Dzayer n lux). Qbel ma a temmutti ɣer Kerṭaj d Roma.
Aṭṭas n imentilen i dd-iɛarnen ɣer ubani n tdunaṭit, a dd-neydar zzag-sen :
- Aweddeb i yegga Ayempraṭur Dioclianus x Imasiḥiyen qqaɛ.
- Amseksi i ttuɣa yellan jer yergazen n ddin deg wakud-nni.
- Lferz i ttuɣa tteggen kunṭra i Imaziɣen di teglizt.
- Umi amasay ameqqran n tmasiḥit i yettilin d akerṭaj d lḥugra ig ittegg x irgazen n ddin di Numidiya d jjwayeh-nnes.
- ẓẓleḍ i ttuɣa ileqfen Inumiden. Imeẓlaḍ Inumiden udfen di tdunatit s merra. Mamec ttuɣa wer ssiwilen Talatint, ṭṭfen ɣir di Tmaziɣt waha d awal n wemsawaḍ-nnsen. Neccin ttuɣa nessen belli ila din ijjen unhezzi d ameqqran ittbeddan x tseqqar n tmagit Tafrikant
Tadunatit: tazeqqa n ddin isnuffren asnufsel zeg Irumaniyen
Mala nekker a nẓer a naf Idunatiyen ttuɣa rezzun ad kksen x yiri-nnsen Irumaniyen. X manaya, ggin ad saqaren i yixef-nnsen ijjen teglizt d tamaynut. Senni yebda wemherwaḍ jar-asen. Ula kṭer min iqqen taglizt aked siyyasa. X manaya ɣewwɣen Idunatiyen x teglizt d Iymepraṭur.
Ila din aṭṭas n Idunatiyen, a zzag-sen dd-neydar :
- Donat Ameqqran
- Vitellinus Afer
- Macrobius
- Tyconius
- Parmenianus
- Petilianus
- Emeritus de Caesaria
- Gaudantius de Thamugadi
Amseksi aked Teglizt Takatulikt
Idunatiyen ttuɣa mellen taglizt tunsibt, i di ttuɣa Augustine, qqaren qa ca n ufayyu i tt-yuɣin. Minzi ttuɣa tettqeddes Ayempraṭur d upapa. Ttuɣa tettren tadeyyant a teqqim tegg°ej x seyyasa. Mamec ttuɣa ttɛeyyaben x teglizt ila tenɣa aṭṭas n ipaganen Imaziɣen. Tweddeb igduden, tuker-asen igelwan-nnsen, teṭṭef timɣarin-nnsen. Tadunatit ad tili d wudem amezwaru n tmeddanit deg wagdud Amaziɣ.
Idunatiyen ila wer ḥemmlen wer qebblen ikaṭulikiyen, mamec ila :
- Wer ssiwilen qqaɛ aked Imasiḥiyen ikatulikiyen
- Wer dasen-qqaren sslam, wer x-asen t-tterrin.
- Wer kid-sen ttɣimin mani ttilin nitni
- Wer kid-sen ttemsemlicen
- Wer ttidfen ɣer teglizin-nnsen, ttagin a ten-jjen ad adfen tiglizin n idunatiyen.
Umi i dd-usin Iwindaliyen aseggas n 430. Qḍan x tmasiḥit taqdimt, rrin deg wemkan-nnes Taryusit (Arianisme) i yessres llsas-nnes ijjen umaziɣ qqaren-as « Arius ». Taryusit terwes cwayt di Lislam, minzi teqqar ila Ɛisa maci d Akuc, teqqar ila Rebbi weḥḥed-s i yellan. S uya, qa Lmasiḥ maci d mmi-s n Rebbi.


text:
Anagraw n isalan imessartiyen ummid
Anagraw n isalan imessartiyen ummid (s Teglizit: IIntegrated Taxonomic Information System ) neɣ ITIS d tiddukla id yyettwasnulfun i ussegfer d twafka n isalan inaflasen imeɣta (iṣeḥḥan) ɣef tsensartut d telmast tisnudranin, Tiddukla ayyi tennulfa-d deg uẓar d tagrawt d tineggiwin ddi Marikan deg useggas n 1996 ma d tura tuɣal d tasudut tagraɣlant
Tineggiwin tigmanin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
- Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO)
- Tadbelt tanamurt i yigarawen d tignewt


text:
Tikiḍa
Tikiḍa (s tsrɣint : شجرة الخروب) tga yan n iskla iskarn yan ugummu assaɣ nns Tikiḍa (G.M : Tikiḍa tga assaɣ n ugummu tg ula assaɣ n waddag).
Rar taɣḍft: Tlla Tikiḍt ili Ikiḍ, gan s sin yan wanaw n waddagn mac mzarayn gratsn. Tikiḍt tga addag da iskarn agummu, ikiḍ iga addagt da ur a iskarn agummu
Assaɣ[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Assaɣ n waddag ad iga mnnaw, tugt n wassaɣn adars illan s tmaziɣt, zund ukan :
- Tikit
- Tikiṭ
- Tikiṭṭ
- Tikiḍt
- Tikiḍa
- ilin ula imaziɣn ad as ittinin Axrrub.
Agummu[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Agummu n taddagt ad assaɣn nns igat Tikiḍa.
Afars n tkiḍa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tasnalɣa (morphologie)[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
ifrawn d ugummu n tikiḍa :


text:
Site n "www.lerifain.fr" d ijjen uraq mani nettari s Tmaziɣt waha, dag-s ineɣmisen d merra mayen yeqqnen ɣer tira, aya d tizemmar zeg iḥudriyen maḥend Tmaziɣt n Arrif ad kid-s nennum di tira, ad yemɣar wagra-nnes n tira.
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text:
Tafrara
Tafrara neɣ Izik d akud n wass anda iy beddu igenni yeččaray d tafat send n walluy n tfukt,
Tafrara tettwagzam ar 3 n wannufen (iḥricen), issentay (ibeddu) mi ara ad tili tfukt 18 n tseddaṛin s ddaw n yegli, Dɣa tayyi d tafrara n tallunt ur nettwaskad s wallen , maca itran meẓẓiyen ɣellin ur d-ttbanayen ara, Annuf-a yettaǧa-d akud-is i tafrara tawlalt mi ara ad tiweṭ tfukt ar 12 n tseddaṛin s ddaw n yegli, deg tallit-a yettwazmer usnefru (imeyyez) n tafat tamezwarut n tefrara, ɣas akken deg wannuf wis 3 kan (tafrara taɣarimt) id tettbin tafat s waṭas, deg tallit-a tafukt tettali-d ar 6 n tseddaṛin s ddaw n yegli


text:
Aṭlas Mẓẓin
Idrarn n waṭlas mẓẓiyn gan idrarn illan ɣ Sus ɣ Lmɣrib. Idrarn n waṭlas mẓẓiyn ɣʷin yat tjumma imqqurn ɣ wakal n iffus n tmazirt zɣ yill aṭlasi ɣ iffus utaram ar iffus agmuḍan iɣ akk tzrit tasgiwin n Warzazat tlkmt tamdint n Tafilalt (tumẓ ɣin tqriban kra n 500km n uzaru). Ɣ iffus dars iwtta d tnrẓuft (ṣṣḥra). Adrar lli akk illan ɣ ugmuḍ n idrarn ad iga tt adrar n Saɣru, d iṭṭaf iwtta ɣ ugafa d idrarn n waṭlas mqqurn. Afa n idrarn ad iga tt adrar n Sirwa lli yadli igan yan uburkan, tlkm tiɣzi nns 3304 m.
Idrarn mqqurnin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Adrar n Sirwa (3300 m)
- Adrar n Lkst (2374 m)
- Adrar Mqqurn (2258 m)
- Adrar n Azɣaɣ (2080 m)
- Adrar n Tasslt (2000 m)
Tiwlafin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tiwlafin tinafukin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tawlaft n afa n udrar n Lkst
Adrar n Aḍaḍ Mdni
Tiɣrmt n Tafrawt lli illan ɣ ammas n idrarn ad
Tawlaft n idrarn ad d iɣzr n Ammln
Adwar n Tagdict Isaggn ɣ tqbilt n Ayt Ṣwab


text:
Tawilayt n Tbeskert
Tawilayt n Tbeskert d Tawilayt deg tmurt n Lezzayer. Zedɣen-tt 721 356 n yimezdaɣen. Ma d tajumma-ines tesɛa azal n 20 986 km². Tamanaɣt ines d tamdint n tbeskert. Tawilayt-a tebḍa ɣef 12 n tdayriwin:
- Tadayra n Tbeskert (Tibeskert, Lḥaǧeb)
- Tadayra n Ǧmura (At Jemmurt, Branis)
- Tadayra n Fuɣala (Fuɣala, Leɣrus)
- Tadayra n Lqenṭra (Lqenḍert, Zeɛḍuḍ)
- Tadayra n Lewṭaya (Luṭayet)
- Tadayra n Temsunin (Timsunin)
- Tadayra n Wlad Ğellal (Wlad Ğellal, Ccɛiba, Doucen (fr) )
- Tadayra n Urlal (Urlal, Oumache (fr) , Mlili, Mxadma, Liwa)
- Tadayra n Sidi Xaled (Sidi Xaled, Besbes (Biskra) (fr) , Ras Lmiɛad)
- Tadayra n Sidi Ɛuqba (Sidi Ɛuqba, Cetmet, Lḥuc, Ɛin Nnaga)
- Tadayra n Ṭulga (Ṭulga, Bucegrun, Burǧ Ben Ɛezzuz, Licana)
- Tadayra n Zribet Lwad (Zribet Lwad, Axennaq n Sidi Naji, Lfiḍ, Lemzirɛa)


text:
Yura t: Mohamed Essanoussi
Ajemmaḍin i taddart nneɣ, aqa din ijj n řeɛraṣi, zeg wami i d-kkareɣ tesřiɣ ɣar yewdan třaɣan as: řeɛraṣi n ɛmar cciṭan. Yuse-d jar yiri n wedrar d tma n yeɣzar. War tt iḥeṭṭi ḥed, war dayes itcuqi ḥed. Tammurt nnes d tacemřač, wartan nnes mcebbacen aked wayawya, maca ijj war tt itidef ; qqaren aqa zedɣen din inni n wadu tmurt !
Ař ami mɣareɣ, zzuggaren ayi iḍaren, nniɣ as : « mayemmi war tidfeɣ ad ẓareɣ min dayes di řeɛraṣi nni ». Marra iḥenjiren n dcar teggʷden ad qarrben ɣar wemcan nni, ggin axmi i tt ttun illa iǧa. Aṭṭas n yewdan tɣiř asen aqa řeɛraṣi nni zedɣen t inni n wadu tmurt, uca am nni i yeqqim issaggʷad, ɛad řux xas arrehbet. Dewřeɣ xmi i d-tekkareɣ zeg iḍes, itadef ayi d -řeɛraṣi nni n ɛmar ccitan- jar mummu n tiṭṭawin. Trajiɣ meřmi i d ɣa yas ijj n wass niɣ ijj n yiḍ (ǧiret) ad ayes adfeɣ, ad ssneɣ min dayes itemsaran.
Qqaren iwdan n zic aqa adaf di řeɛraṣi n ɛmar n cciṭan amecnaw adaf n wesři x tesřit ass n wurar. Ijj n twařa, deg ijj n wass n ṣmayem, sseqsiɣ ixf inu nniɣ as: « mayemmi war tidfeɣ ass a x tesřit ? » Ijj n twařa ḍriɣ ɣar yeɣzar, ufiɣ din ca n yewdan qqimen di tiři, maca war dasen nniɣ ca aqa xseɣ ad adfeɣ ɣar řeɛraṣi. Qqimen tarezzan tiɣmest zi ta ɣar ta, ikkar ijj inna asen aqa aɣimi da icna. Yarra xas ijj nneɣni inna as : « maca s wass ! »
Nec xseɣ ad ssneɣ min txarrṣen x řeɛraṣi n ɛmar n ccitan. Xseɣ ad ssneɣ mayemmi war zemmaren ad adfen ad d-kksen řbarquq. Uḥřeɣ rajiɣ ad inin mayemmi, maca uřa d ijj i ma yexs ad yini….
Kkareɣ beddeɣ, ggiɣ taryast uca nniɣ asen: «Wi i iǧan d aryaz, ad yadef ad ikkes řbarquq.» Ikkar-d ɣari yijj, indar-d dayi tiṭṭawin uca inna ayi: «Texsed ad tessned mayemmi ? , waxxa» Yarzem taqmijjat, issusef x yedmaren nnes –tef tef- isɛukbar uca ibda issawař : « řeɛraṣi nni dayes iwdan ggin amecnaw amẓiwen..war ssineɣ nec ma d iwdan… zedɣen tammurt zi zman, taqbič n yewdan, maca war dayneɣ arwisen, nihni teddaren s yiḍ, neccin nteddar s wass. Ƴarsen din ifri issufuɣ ař řebḥar acemřař. Ƴarsen sseǧum issakkʷaḍ ař taziri, aɣiřin ɛad cwayt, meǧcen jarasen, tiraren jarasen, tetten jarasen. Ijj n twařa iẓwa ɣarsen ijj zi dcar, a yayetma ! ɛad ɣar nhara, ɣar nhara war…war issin ḥed ma n tammurt i tt yeccin.»
Issiweř-d ijj n utarras nneɣni zi tesɣimit, uca inna asen: « Maca raja …aqa nnan belli idweř zzaysen, idweř d asřaymi n wadu tmurt !nican nican, ẓrin tt yewdan di ǧiret n 27, ẓrin tt ɣar tmeddit, ihwa-d di sseǧum, netta d tarwa nnes !, nican min dawem qqareɣ, mařa war tuminem, seqsam imɣaren n dcar. »
Ssiwḍeɣ-d řmeɣɣab aked yewdan nni, kkareɣ řa d nec uyureɣ ɣar taddart. Ƴar umensi, marra teqqim di řemraḥ, trajan amensi, nec senndeɣ ɣar ict n tnebdat, qqimeɣ txarrṣeɣ di min itwannan x řeɛraṣi n ɛmar n cciṭan.
S tidett, nec xseɣ s wuř d yexsen…ad adfeɣ ɣar řeɛraṣi maca….war xseɣ ca ad geɛɛdeɣ ɣar ujenna, war xseɣ ca, ad nini, ad iřiɣ d ameksa n uzeǧid. Cwayt, uca uciɣ aked tnayen n cwaṭen x iɣesdisa inu. Ijj x ufusi, ijj x uzeřmaḍ. Wenni afusi iqqar ayi « ttu twaḥit, ttu řbarquq», maca ijj nneɣni iqqar ayi « war teggʷed, ruḥ, ecc řbarquq aqa d miẓid». Ƴar uneggar, ggiɣ array i wenni yazeřmaḍ. Nqeřbeɣ ɣar wenni afusi, nniɣ as « ruḥ beɛɛed ayi, ejj ayi ad qqaseɣ tiẓid n řeɛraṣi». S minzi nec ssneɣ aqa ifusiyyen-waxxa d jnun niɣ d cwaṭen..niɣ d iwdan, niɣ d amẓiwen- war ten itexs ḥed ; amya i řemdeɣ, amya i ǧiɣ, wi yexsen ad yini yini. Cciṭan nni yazeřmaḍ yudef ayi řxaḍar uca nqeřbeɣ ɣares, nniɣ as: Meřmi i ɣa nraḥ ɣar řeɛraṣi n ɛmar n …nwem..» War xafi d-yarri, nec war ssineɣ min ifhem.
Nec nniɣ as « řeɛraṣi nwem » ḥuma ad ssenɣ ma netta zeg imezdaɣ n řeɛraṣi n ɛmar n cciṭan niɣ rid am nni. Am (a)kides ssawařeɣ, uciɣ axmi i dayi isnekkar ḥed, twařiɣ ixf inu ibedd, iggur, issawař s ca n wawařen war ǧin ca nnes. Waxxa taziri, ijj war ten itwiři.
Neẓwa iɣzar n dcar, řexxu war daneɣ itɣima ca ad naweḍ ɣar řeɛraṣi. Ař ami ggur ad nadef, inna ayi:
« Cek adef, nec ad qqimeɣ da».
Netta inna ayi manaya, nec tegga ayi deg wzeǧif…traaaaaan…Nniɣ as:
« Mayemmi texsed ad teqqimed di barra, i wi i dayi ɣa issecnen tibridin ? » Inna ayi: « i nec mayemmi ? » Nniɣ as: « cek war da tzeddɣed ca ?» Inna ayi: «Tuɣaaaa, ǧaaaa, illaaaa, řexxu war qqimeɣ…. uzřen-d xafi» Nniɣ as :«Min teggid ař ami i xak d uzzřen ? » Inna ayi :«Ma d ict i ggiɣ, twařat taneggarut, ufin ayi ɣar tuffut sennej i tbarqut, ayenni i yiwḍeɣ tetteɣ », netta yidar řbarquq d ucewwaf inu ibedd, cciřweɣ, tekk-d xafi tayyut d tabacant jar tiṭṭawin. Nniɣ as ini ayi ma nican řbarquq n ɛmar n ccitan d miẓid, itmar, amecnaw wenni di jjennet! Inna ayi wenni i tt ɣa yeccen ad tt ccen. Ssenni ḥeccmeɣ tt, ttareɣ zzayes ad ayi issiweḍ ař amcan mani iǧa řbarquq. Imenɛ ayi zeg ufus, issekk ayi awarni i yijj n tarya, ikkes-d ict n tkeccut sadu tiddeɣt uca inna ayi, a ɣac, ta.. mařa fɣen-d akidec, egg itt jar teɣmas nnec….cek ad ten twařid, nitni war zemmareɣ ad dac iniɣ….yeksi ifassen ɣar ujenna uca inna ayi řexxu adef……..war teggʷed. War xas arriɣ, war das nniɣ, war dayi iqqar…. sminzi nec war das fhimeɣ mliḥ, maca uciɣ illa yexs ad ayi yini: Wenni i yexsen tamment, ad iṣbar i tiqqest n tzizwa.
Issawaře-d ɣari yijj zi raggʷaj, iqqar ayi: sara, sara, egg mamec igga Adam di jjennet n ujenna. Uca bdiɣ tsariɣ, Řeɛraṣi n ɛmar n cciṭan d ameqqran, idřa marra s wartan, dayes ca n tazart d ca n bufiras war iǧi di tmura nneɣni. Řmecmac, ufiɣ tt issu di tmurt, nniɣ deg wuř inu, ad yiři war dasen iteɛjib, s uyenni i da yeqqim itmendar di tmurt. Ɛad war iwiḍeɣ ɣar řbarquq ad teqqaseɣ, nec sřiɣ i ddriz, cwayt uca tesřiɣ i ca n tecři tefsus amecnaw tenni n tesřit, d wuř inu ibda iccat. Nec ggiɣ (a)fus ad swizḍeɣ ɣar řbarquq, uciɣ ak ijj igga ayi d (a)fus x weɛrur n yiři, tesřiɣ i yisem inu s ca n tmijja tuǧeɣ jar tirja d tirja:
« ….kkar kkar ad temmuneswed aqa tabqect temmars… » Tewta ayi d řfiqet, ufiɣ ixf inu ɛad di řemraḥ. War qqiseɣ řbarquq, war udifeɣ ɣar řeɛraṣi n mar n cciṭan.
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text:
Sṭṭat
Sṭṭat nɣ Ẓṭṭat tga yat tiɣrmt ɣ Lmɣrib. Tlla ngr Mrrakc d Tigmi Tumlil.
Asnmkta[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ar ittini usiḍn lli ittyuskar ɣ usggʷas n 2014 mas[1]:
Aslmd[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Tigmiḍi n taqubbanit (middn lli ur ssin ad aqran wala ad ttaran) : 22.4%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli iɣran ar usinan n usmdi nɣd uggar : 27.5%
Tadamsa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli llan ɣ isggasn nnsn n twuri : 48.6%
- Tigmiḍi n tarwuri (middn lli ur ṭṭafn tawuri) : 21.3%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin dar lmxzn (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 21.5%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin ɣ uslig (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 43.4%


text:
Alfred Hitchcock
Alfred Hitchcock d amsufeɣ isura arbiṭani i yellan daɣen danafras n ssinima, yerna yura isinaryuyen. Ilul ass n 13 deg ɣuct 1999 di Leytonstone deg London, yemmut ass n 29 deg yebrir 1980 di Bel Air, deg tama n Los Angeles.
Yettuneḥsab d yiwen seg imsufaɣ meqqren maḍi i d-yewwin amaynut i ssinima. Yettwassen dɣa s wayen i d-yesnulfa d titkinikin i yeqqimen ttmeggant ar tura, aḥric n ususpans i yessemres ugar akk n wiyaḍ, d wayen nniḍen. Tazwara yebda amahil-is degTgelda Yedduklen, anda i d-yebda s isura ur nessawal, syin mi yella tuɣ yettwassen yakan, di 1939, yunag ɣer Marikan anda i d-iban ugar yerna yexdem akked isegbaren mucaɛen n lawan-nni, ayen i yeǧǧan armud-is yezga ɣef teɣzi n 50 iseggasen


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Korea, Birmania,… Algeria !
Mačči d ayen zemren ad ffren wid iṭṭfen adabu. Tamurt n Lezzayer tekcem agraw n tmura igendlen tugdut. D tukksa n serr !
Deg ufran n tmura 2020 gar tmura anti yeddan akken iwata deg ubrid n tugdut (1), tamurt n Lezzayer tezga-d d tis 115 ɣef 167. Tella deg ugraw n ’catégorie des pays autoritaires’’, idis n tmura yezzin s uzagur i tugdut, i yizerfan n umdan.
Mačči d ayen illan d amaynut ; ẓran-t akk Izzayriyen, maca iban-d laâr-is ugar si tmura n umaḍal.
Ma yella ‘’tagelda’’ n Korea n Kim Jong-Un tettwassen deg umaḍal (amezwaru d jedd-is Kim Il-Sung si 1948, syin d baba-s Kim Jong-Il si 1998), ayen iḍerrun ussan-a di tmurt n Birmania izmer ad aɣ-yili d awehhi, d amedya akken ad nefhem ayen t-icerken akked wayen illan di tmurt n Lezzayer.
Di Birmania, at ukaskiḍ kksen adabu n tneɣlaft tamezwarut, Aung San Suu Kyi, win illan ibedd yakan s tafrent, ibedd jiniral Min Aung Hlaing deg umkan-is, zun d ‘’rebb Birmania’’.
Tiyita n at ukaskiḍ tban anda twehha : ur qbilen, ur qebblen ad ittwakkes udabu si gar ifassen-nsen nitni, talast deg unebdu 2021, am akken i yura di tmenḍawt n tmurt-nni.
Send ad awden ɣer ‘’coup d’Etat’’, zwaren sbedden-d akabar-nsen, akken ad yili di temsizzelt n 2020, sarmen ad qqimen deg udabu s wudem n ‘’tsertit taɣarimt’’. Tikli-nsen ur teffiɣ, acku d akabar n Aung San Suu Kyi i yewwin nnig 70 % n tifranin.
Iqqim asen-d uqeẓẓul, ‘’coup d’Etat’’, am akken uɣen tanamit. At tmurt-nsen ur susmen, ur fkan afus, ass-a d imelyunen i d-iffɣen s talwit ɣer iberdan, di yal tiɣremt, akken ad d-yuɣal ad ibedd udabu n Aung San Suu Kyi.
Amek tadyant n Birmania i tefka anza ɣer tin n Lezzayer ?
D tukksa n udabu gar ifassen n at ukakskiḍ. Adabu issefk ad yili deg ufus n wid i fernen at tmurt di tafrent tazedgant.
Urar n at ukaskiḍ si 1962, s wudem n néo-FLN di tazwara, syin ɣer zdat deffir 1989, s ikabaren nniḍen i d-snulfan (MSP, RND, MPA, …), issaweḍ ɣer taggara-s, immečč cci n tmurt, uguren ttimɣuren.
Tura teddun s tḥila timaynutin akken ad sɣezfen abrid n udabu-nsen s umeddeḥ n ‘’la nouvelle Algérie’’, i yellan yakan d tiɣri n umussu n lḥirak, wid d-iffɣen ɣer iberdan si furar 2019.
Tasertit n at ukaskid yiwet. Ilmend ad beddlen abrid, ad ffɣen seg unnar n tsertit, di tallit deg tbeddel tegnitt di yal tamurt, ad qqimen deg unnar-nsen, nitni gan am di Birmania, qqazen rennun amek zemren ad ssinfen amussu n lḥirak, ad t-rren d abernus i udabu-nsen.
Tasarut n tikli-nsen d tikerkas, tettwassen : ‘’d afus aberrani, d timura n berra i d-isseqdacen Izzayriyen ad ilin d icenga n tmurt-nsen’’. Iffeɣ ubarud-nsen, ur ten-ittamen yiwen.
Atan wayen d-uran ussan-a di El Djeich : « l’armée nationale (ANP) a, « depuis le début des marches populaires, adopté une position de principe immuable, en se tenant aux côtés du peuple, en s’alignant sur ses choix et sur tout ce qui pourrait répondre à ses revendications,…. ».
Taɣuri n wayen yuran tebrez : issefk Izzayriyen ad rren lxir i l’ANP, mi ur tenɣi 10 000 neɣ 50 000 neɣ ugar n Izzayriyen i d-iffɣen ɣer iberdan s talwit di yal tiɣremt akken ad ikkes udabu aserdas, ad ibedd udabu aɣarim, « Etat civil, pas militaire’’. Awal n ugdud ifra.
At ukaskiḍ ur qbilen ad ilin d Izzayriyen am ugdud Azzayri. Nitni llan si 1962 nnig Izzayriyen, ad qqimen din afella, nnig Izzayriyen.
Ayen nniḍen ɣer zdat akk d tiḥila :
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am tafrent i gan ass n 12/12 anda sbedden aselway uberwaq, ad kerzen yis,
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am taɣdemt taserdast n Blida (tribunal militaire), anda sekcamen yal aggur yiwen jiniral neɣ sin i yukren imelyaren,
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am tiɣri n usekkak di El Djeich, anda sɣalen ɣer tmura n berra, zun syin i d-kka ucengu, netta acengu n ugdud d adabu-nsen nitni.
Tiḥila n udabu n wass-a ur zmirent ad ffrent ayen illan, ur zmirent ad ffrent iṭij s uɣerbal :
D timrawin n imeḥas illan di yal tamnaṭ n tmurt,
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acku ffɣen-d ɣer ubrid i tikli s talwit,
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acku refden gar ifassen-nsen annay amaziɣ di tmurt tamaziɣt
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acku uran tikta-nsen di facebook neɣ deg wanda nniḍen, d azref-nsen,
taggara cuddent-ten deg ucekkal, ttewten, ttwaḥeqren, kksen fell-asen serr, icban Walid Nekkiche akked timrawin nniḍen am Walid, ɣas ur d-nnin, i yessaramen azekka tamurt n Lezzayer ad tili gar 10 tmura timagdayin timezwura, mačči d tis 115.
D asalu-nsen ad iddun akken ad ikfu laâr ɣef tmurt n Lezzayer gar tmura. D asirem n yilmeẓyen Izzayriyen.
Aumer U Lamara
Timerna / Notes :
1) Index 2020 de démocratie dans le monde : l’enquête évalue annuellement 167 pays sur la base de cinq critères : processus électoral et pluralisme, fonctionnement du gouvernement, participation politique, culture politique démocratique et libertés civiles. Algérie 115 eme, dans la dernière catégorie, des régimes autoritaires.
https://www.tsa-algerie.com/classement-des-democraties-lalgerie-dans-la-pire-des-categories/