text:
Les chasseurs de lumière – Iseggaden n tafat
Contes et mythes kabyles – Timucuha d Yizran
Edition bilingue berbère-français
Editions L’Harmattan – 2010 – Paris.
Le mythe du vent
(Extrait du livre « Les chasseurs de lumière »)
Izri gw_adu (texte amaziY – p. 149-154)
Izri-ya sYur yemma yakw d baba. Ahric amezwaru d yemma i-yi-t ilemden. Baba yerna-yi-d ahric anda yella wsefru. Nwala dYa d- izri ixulfen wiyyidh i-mi yesea ssin wudmawen –- am win “Umsefru t-tegrest” yakw d win n “Lewli n tafat” : yiwen wudem asuddsan : ittwabna s-udref n tira, s wedhris ; wayedh d-amersan : yettwabna s-usefru.
Izri-ya am wiyadh yakw yueer bac a-t ifhem yiwen : d-awal ademYi (texte sacré qu’on ne récit qu’en tenant des grains ou de la nourriture dans la main). D-acu daYen i-yi issedhacen, ayen is nniY i baba : “Amek keççini d yemma tzemrem a-ttecfum yakw i tisula (récits oraux – littérature orale : tasekla s tmaziYt) Yezzifen am tigini ?”
Yezmumeg yenna baba ad yaefu Rebbi fell-as : “Nekwni, a mmi,ur nessin imru,ur neseei lkaYedh. DYa tira-nneY tella kan deg’wallaY nneY : yal ameslay nettaru-t deg’wqerruy akka i nennum seg’wasmi i d-nekker d-imectah. DYa, assa, yussa-d lwakud n yimru yakw d lkaYedh, d-ayen ilhan atas bac timucuha d yizran i d-jjan Imezwura nneY a-tent-id afen tsutiwin i d-iteddun.”
Almi d-asmi i YriY cituh tadamsa (l’économie) naY tjara, akken qqaren s teqbaylit, yakw d la psychologie (naY tamlegda, akken qqaren daYen s teqvaylit) ; almi daYen i ddiY di tsegmi yakw di laemer, i fehmeY d-acu i d-anamek if i d-yettawi izri-yagi (ce mythe) naY wiyyidh. DYa s-imir fehmeY belli agdud izemren i yman-is izmer daYen i wadhu ansi yebYu yekk-ed. Imi adhu yettawi tudert, yettawi lmut yid-es. Imezwura nneY fehmen amek i-glaq a-t qeyden bac ur yettawi ara kan lmut. DYa, kkren Ieessasen g_wadhu – wid itteassan af tmurt – tterran adhu ( naY lbatel de ljur) – ar wazal mecki iffeY i yberdan. D-ieessasen g_wadhu i-gxussen assa di tmurt nneY bac ad rren lbatel yakw ljur yeYlin af tmurt… D-aya daYen i d-yeqqar (s tweqda – allégorie) izri-ya i d-tfen baba d yemma sYur Imezwura am jeddi Muhen Acivane naY jeddi Yider G-EjEad Ibuziden.
SYur HACE MESS
IZRI G_WADU
ISEGGADEN N TAFAT (Les chasseurs de Lumière) 1er et 2ème partie


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text:
Tabrat n Yimedyazen
Taghmist n Tiddukla - Utt'un 12
(ddur't n 16 gher 22 Ghuct 2003)
Zik neqqar win yebghan tamazight, ad yissin tira-s
Ass-a
neqqar win yebghan tamazight, ad tt-yaru
Tigejdit :
Azul fell-awen ay atmaten d teysetmatin
Ass-a, mi akka ara tettidir tmazight di tegnit n zz'mik,
n lh'er's akk d lh'if, fih'el ma nenna-d u n‚awed-d d akken teh'wadj wid ara tt-i‚iwnen akken ad d-tekker, ad tennerni u ad
as-ned'men ad tidir di tmid'i-yagi (lqern) ay d-ikecmen. Tallalt (lem‚awna) n tmazight d ayen ay ilaqen ad d-yili seg yal
yiwen deg-negh yernu, akken d-nenna ach'al d abrid, anect-a d lwadjeb ghef yal win d tin d-yeqqaren d akken d amazigh negh
d tamazight ay yella/tella. D acu kan, amek i ilaq ad d-tili tallalt-agi ? Anwa ay ilaqen ad i‚iwen tamazight yernu s wacu
? Imi tutlayt-nnegh tamazight nettekka deg-s akken nella, ur telli terba‚t ay terza temsalt akken ad tt-t‚iwen ugar n trebba‚
nnid'en, wanag yal yiwen deg-negh, ama d argaz, ama d tamett'ut, ama d axeddam negh d az'awali, terza-t temsalt, wanag win
ur nettekkay di leqdic-agi d win iregglen ghef tmasayt (responsabilitt'), d win ur nes‚i le‚naya deg wul-ines, yernu akken
ay id'urr tamazight s tukci n ufus fell-as ay yezmer ad id'urr ula d medden. Win yellan d iri-t, d iri-t, di yal amkan yernu
di kulci. Dgha, ur ilaq ara ad d-neghli di tcer'ket (tifexxet) n trewla ghef lwadjeb, ad as-nini "maci d nekk ay terza temsalt",
"nekk ur lligh d amusnaw akken ad d-ssidregh tamazight", negh atan "llant trebba‚ ara iqeddcen ghef tmazight di Fr'ansa negh
di Merr'uk", ma d netta ad yeqqen allen, ad iwwet nneh', u ad yeddj tamazight si ldjiha-s ad tegrireb, ur d as-ixeddem acemma.
Axemmem-agi ay numen wat'as deg-negh ttawin-t-id d win ur nessuffugh ara tamazight, acku ilaq ad z'ren watmaten-nnegh d akken
ass-a, di tegnit i deg tewh'el tmazight, maci ala kan d amussnaw iqeddcen meb‚id negh d amer'kanit ay d-yelhan kan d yiman-is
ara d-yessuffghen tutlayt-nnegh seg ubella‚, wanag mi ara tendeh' tmes di lexla, at taddart akk ttazzalen-d akken ad tt-ssexsin.
Nnig waya, ilaq digh ad z'ren watmaten-nnegh d akken nekni tutlayt-nnegh ur tes‚i zzher' am tiyad', was tes‚a imussnawen,
haten ffren deg yixejd'an-nsen, ula d ayen xeddmen ur nsell ara yis-s, ad as-tinid' ‚eqden-d tamazight-agi i yiman-nsen kan,
rran-tt d r'aselmal i yes tetten aghrum yernu ttnadin ghef cci‚a, ma d imer'kantiyen-nnegh ... xas nekni s yimazighen nes‚a
imer'kantiyen, wid ay izemren seg wass ar azekka ad as-beddlen i tmazight udem u ad tt-refden akken ad tughal d tutlayt idjehden,
am tutlayin akk timuddirin n wemd'al, nettwali-ten ulac akk d acu n wassagh (relation) ay s‚an akk d tmazight, ur d asen-telli
deg wul wala deg uqerru. R'wah' tura kettc ssefhem-asen-d d acu n wazal ay tes‚a tutlayt-nnegh akken ad tt-id-nessider d wamek
ay ilaq ad nefk cwit' seg yiman-nnegh akken ad tidir i wass-a, i uzekka akk d slazekka. Ihi aql-iken tettwalim ay atma d akken
tamazight attan d tagujilt, d tagujilt n tidet yernu d tin ay ddjan ger yiberdan, ur tes‚i lwali wala win ara s-isefd'en imett'awen
u ad as-yett'ef afus s tidet. Dgha tewwi-d ghef yal yiwen deg-negh ad i‚iwen tutlayt-is anda ma yedda, s wacu umi yezmer.
Win ay izemren ad tt-i‚iwen s cci-yis, awi-d lukan, imi ay ilaq ad tez'rem d akken ass-a, imi ay tella tmazight d tutlayt
tameh'qurt, amur meqqren at'as di medden ur qebblen ad ssuffghen acemma si ledjyub-nsen ghef tmazight. Ad ten-tafed' d "wid
yettd'eggiren idrimen si tt'aq", mi ara d asen-d-tbedred' tamazight, ad yi‚ziz fell-asen wedrim. Ma d win ay izemren ad i‚iwen
tamazight s ufus-is, s yiles-is, s tit'-is, s uqerru-yis negh s ud'ar-is mr'eh'ba yis-s yernu s kra n wayen ara yexdem, xas
d amect'uh', yezmer ad d-yawi abaghur (lfayda) meqqren i tutlayt-nnegh. Lemmer d lebghi, ayen ara yexdem yal yiwen deg-negh
i tmazight d ayen umi ilaq ad as-nsemmi d "taghersawt" (sacrifice), yernu taghersawt negh lxir, mi ara d-yekka seg wul, xeddmen-t
medden bat'el ... dgha imi ay gh-tella tmazight deg wul, meqqar d nekni s wid ay tt-ih'emmlen, aygher ur s-nxeddem ara lxir
seg wul-nnegh ? Aygher ur nettak ara fell-as ayen ‚zizen fell-anegh (lweqt, tazmert, idrimen, ...) mebla ma nh'useb-itt ghef
wayen ara d agh-d-terr ? Tugh, win ih'emmlen ur yetth'asab ara, yernu nez'ra akk d akken taswi‚t-a, akka ay tt-bghan wid yellan
nnig-negh di yal amkan, tamazight ur d as-ldin tiwwura akken ad d-terr kra. D acu kan, ma neqbel, nekni s Yimazighen, ad as-nefk
i tmazight mebla leh'sab, ad tt-nettaru wagar-anegh, ad tt-nettmeslay anda ma nedda u ad tt-nesselmad i warraw-nnegh, ad d-nagh
ayen yuran yis-s (idlisen, ungalen, tisghunin) akken ad t-ngher u ad n‚iwen wid merr'a iqeddcen fell-as s tidet, ama bghan
yiduba negh ur bghin, ala tuffgha ara d-teffegh tmazight gher tafat, ma yebgha R'ebbi, yernu xas ma yehwa-yas i‚ekren (obstacles)
yellan ass-a anect-nsen anect n yidurar, adennit (labudd) azekka ad ten-teghd'el tayri n tmazight. Tewwi-d ihi ur tettmettat
ara tayri-yagi wanag ad tedjhed akken ad agh-terr d wid yettaken i tmazight mebla leh'sab. Tewwi-d ur nettxalaf ara az'ar-nnegh,
az'ar n yimesdurar n zik, mi walan times ad d-mmaren akk gher lexla akken ad tt-ssexsin, akken ur d-tettawed' ara s ixxamen-nsen
... neghmulac, atan yennulfa-d lqum yettwalin deg yexxamen-nsen a reqqen, yernu ur xeddmen acemma ... ad agh-yamen R'ebbi
seg-sen.
Imedyazen
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TIBRATIN-NWEN
Said TALIBI, si Merr'uk :
Azul fell-awen, G tizwiri, d awen-ssirimegh tudert igerrzen d
wussan ir'wan. Nekk d yan unelmad seg [wenz'ul agmud'an] (sud-est) n Lmerr'uk. Ghur-i yan usmel (site) ghif tamazight g internet:
http://www.tankra.fr.st. Yan g yimeddukal-inew ay d-iykan [izen-nwen aliktr'unan] (email) afad ad awen-aznegh ayeddegh n tabrat tamezzant
(tamect'uht). Righ ad awen-inigh hat z'righ tabrat-nna tuznem i yimeddukal-inew di temmurt n Lmerruk, zr'igh kul tabrat, ar
awen-ttinigh ayuz d ameqran ghif taghensa (aqeddec) ghif tmazight. D a ssirimegh ad umugh awd nekk g yimeghriyen n tebratin-innan
ad yili s dat ghur tamesmunt n Yimadyazen.
(...) Said TALIBI. Tanemmert.
http://www.tankra.fr.st
Tiririt : Azul fell-ak a gma (...)
Atan tettwalid' (tez'rid') belli tamazight teqqel at'as gher deffir sdat n tutlayin tiberr'aniyin am tefr'ensist akk d teglizit.
Dgha d anect-a ay d agh-iceghben (inquit'ter), yernu yeddja-yagh ad neg lh'emla-yagi. Nez'ra belli atmaten-nnegh n Merr'uk
z'ewren mlih' di tmazight. Nitni ttarun tamazight ugar n Yimazighen nnid'en di internet, yernu fkan azal meqqren i wesnerni
n tutlayt-nnegh, dgha nettara-yasen tajmilt meqqren, am wakken ara d ak-nini tanemmirt meqqren ghef wemd'iq-yinek n internet,
u ad k-is'ehh'i R'ebbi ghef leqdic-ik. Tiddukla-nnegh tqeddec deg yiwen webrid i deg tefka azal ala kan i lmufid, i wayen
yuklalen (yestuhlen) le‚tab. Nesselmad tamazight s tebratin, yernu nessefray ad d-nessuffugh tasghunt-nnegh (revue) Taftilt,
ara yarun s tmazight si tt'erf alamma d tt'erf. Nebgha ad nerr tamazight d tutlayt ara yes‚un ddur' di tmetti (socit'tt'), yernu
d tin ara ineff‚en medden di tudert-nsen, imi anect-a d yiwen seg yih'urifen ara d as-d-yerren ccan i tutlayt-nnegh. Yugh
lh'al, ma ur tes‚i ccan tutlayt-nnegh, ulac ayen ara tt-id-yessukksen, yernu ma temmut tmazight, ur gh-d-mazal ad nili d Imazighen.
Tanemmirt-ik ghef tebrat-inek u tanemmirt i watmaten-nnegh Imerr'ukiyen i d agh-yeqqaren. Nessaram ad tilid' dima seg yimeghriyen-nnegh
yernu ad tilid' seg wid ara ifehmen izen-nnegh (message) deg wayen yerzan asseqdec n tmazight. Ssaramegh-ak afud igerrzen
a gma. Sghur tiddukla tadelsant Imedyazen.
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A tabaskit, flali-d !
Heuskera, ialgi adi kanpora
[Aqeddem : ass-a newwi-d i watmaten-nnegh snat n tdiwenniyin (interview)
ay s-tettwaxemen i yiwen n umaru (t'crivain) si Tmurt n Yibaskiyen ay yessawd'en ad yessali tutlayt-is gher weswir n tutlayt
tagraghlant (internationale) seg wakken fazen yedlisen ay d-yettaru s tbaskit. Bernardo Atxaga d amaru ay ifernen ad yaru
s tbaskit imi ur yelli seg wid ay ih'eqren tutlayt i yes d-yekker, negh seg wid yerran di rrif tutlayt i yes tt'd'en tamusni
n ddunit, dgha, xas mazal tutlayt tabaskit d tutlayt mect'uh'en di Spenyul akk d Fr'ansa, Atxaga yessawed' ad as-yerfed azal-is
u ad d-yaru yis-s ungalen yettwassnen deg wemd'al merr'a. Abrid ay d-yewwi Atxaga di tmurt-is d abrid n tezdeg d ss'fa. Yedder
lqerh' n th'eqranit n tutlayt tabaskit di tallit n lbat'el ay i‚eddan ghef Spenyul, am wakken ay yeqdec ghef wesnerni n tutlayt-is,
imi ay d-yella seg yemdanen-nni qlilen ay yettarun s tutlayt-nsen deg Yibaskiyen. Atxaga yettaru s tutlayt-is di yal lweqt
yernu anda ma yedda imi ay yettidir yis-s, ur yenkir' ara lxir-is. Tezdegh-as deg wul tbaskit alammi, ula d timucuha-s akk
d tirga-s s tutlayt-a ay tent-ibennu, maci s tiyad', xas ulamma yessen mlih' taspenyulit, alammi ula d idlisen-is d netta
s timmad-is ay ten-id-yessuqulen. Tikta (idt'es) ttenghalent deg uqerru-yis s tutlayt n lejdud-is yernu ur yelli seg wid ay
yeh'wadjen tutlayt taberr'anit "akken ad ten-fehmen wiyad', akken ad fehmen watmaten-is d acu yellan di lbal-is". D acu kan,
Atxaga ay yellan d yiwen seg yimura imeqranen n tallit-a, ur yelli digh d win ay d-yewwin abrid n leh'meq akk d kar'uh n wiyad'
akken ad yesnerni tutlayt-is u ad yessuter ad as-yettunefk wemkan yelhan di tmurt n Yibaskiyen. Xas akken Atxaga yettwali
d akken ula d taspenyulit d tutlayt-is tayemmat tis snat, mi ara nwali gher leqdic-is, yiwen ur yettazmar ad yenker' lxir
yexdem i tbaskit akk d tayri ay yes‚a i tutlayt-is. Tugh, ugur-agi nettidir-it ula d nekni s Yimazighen. At'as deg-negh d
awal kan ay ten-i‚emr'en, st'uqquten zz‚ed' yernu ttcan times ghef tmazight, wanag mi ara d-tawed' tizi n tidet, ad ten-naf
ur d-fkin acemma ime‚nen i tutlayt-nnegh, am wakken ay nes‚a at'as n yimura ay yessnen ad arun tamazight, kkren-d s tutlayt-a
yernu ulac win i ten-yifen awwi tt-ssnen, di tgara, ttagaden lemmer ad d-yeghli yigenni ma uran awal s tmazight, ttarun s
tutlayt taberr'anit ughaf "ur ttwafhamen ara", dgha ulac wi ih'eqren tutlayt am nitni. Atxaga yessebgan-anegh-d d akken yezmer
wab‚ad' ad asen-yaru i watmaten-is s tutlayt-nsen tanes'lit yernu ad t-fehmen u ad akin s ccbah'a n wayen i sen-yura, dgha
maci ala kan s tespenyulit negh s tefr'ensist ay cebh'ent lumur', wanag ula s tbaskit akk d tmazight cebh'ent, yernu cebh'ent
ugar mi ara tili temsalt d izen-nnegh ay terza. Atxaga yessebgan-anegh-d digh d akken maci dima d wid ay ikeccmen umri negh
wid yesghersen tt'bul ay izemren ad d-ssidren tutlayt, wanag yella wamek ara d-tidir tbaskit negh tmazight s webrid n tezdeg
d akk d leqdic amussnaw, d abrid ay izemren ad tent-yessiwed' s aswir ‚layen, s aswir ifazen. Afud igerrzen].
Tadiwennit tamenzut :
"Tutlayt d tazmert (...),
yernu nezmer ad tt-nesseqdec d allal i ubeddel"
Adrienne
Rich, d tamarut tamarikanit (1929-).
"A tutlayt tabaskit, flali-d",
akka ay d-teqqar yiwet n tezlit n tmid'i (lqern) wis 16 n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen yernu d wagi ay d awal i yes yettamen Bernardo
Atxaga, xas ma yella yettwali d akken ula d taspenyulit d tutlayt-is tayemmat.
Xas ma yella ar ass-a wer‚ad nessin d acu-t las'el n tbaskit,
tutlayt-a tes‚a ugar n 4000 n yiseggasen ayakka seg wasmi ara tt-ttmeslayen yernu ass-a, sseqdacen-tt wazal n 600.000 n yemdanen
di Tmurt n Yibaskiyen akk d Navarra (di Spenyul), akk d wazal n 80.000 n yemdanen nnid'en deg ugezdu (dt'partement) n Pyrt'nt'es-Atlantiques,
di Fr'ansa. Tutlayt-a tughal at'as gher deffir deg r'eb‚in-nni n yiseggasen n tesnaraft (dictature) n Franco di tmurt n Spenyul.
D acu kan, attan tettidir di tegnit yifen tin n yid'elli u llant tlata n ssebbat i tt-yeddjan ad tili akka : asdukel n tentalyin
(dialectes) tibaskiyin deg yiwet kan n tutlayt ay zemren ad fehmen akk Yibaskiyen, tughalin n tbaskit di 1979 d tutlayt tamens'abt
(officielle) n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen di Spenyul gher tama n tespenyulit akk d wesnerni n usselmed n tbaskit deg ugherbaz. Si
tama nnid'en, tella digh yiwet n terba‚t d tamect'uh't n yimura (t'crivains) ibaskiyen ay i‚ezmen ad snernin asseqdec n tbaskit
s tira akk d ussider n tsekla n tutlayt-nsen. Yiwen deg-sen, Bernardo Atxaga, yerbeh'-d arraz aghelnaw n wungal (prix national
du roman) di 1989, ghef wungal-yines Obabakoak, yugh lh'al, arraz-agi d yiwen seg warrazen imeqqranen akk n tsekla di tmurt
n Spenyul. Ass-a, gher 48 n yiseggasen di le‚mer'-is, yughal Atxaga d amaru amenzu yettarun s tutlayt tabaskit ay yessawd'en
ad yughal mechur' di ddunit merr'a. (Izen n Unesco).
D tadiwennit ay d-iga Christophe David, d aneghmas deg tsufight
n "Le Matricule des Anges", i yiwen n umaru meqqren di tutlayt tabaskit, Bernardo Atxaga.
C.D. Ghur-k kettcini, win yellan
d Abaski d win yettmeslayen tabaskit ...
Bernardo Atxaga. Ih, acku d tabaskit kan ay gh-yerran nemgerrad
(nemxallaf) ghef wiyad'. Isem n tmurt-nnegh, Euskal Herria, anamek-is "tamurt i deg ttmeslayen tabaskit". Dgha ttwaligh d
akken d tudert ay nettidir akk d tutlayt-nnegh ay yeddjan agdud-nnegh ad yes‚u tt'baye‚-is u ad yeg abrid n tudert i yiman-is
akken s‚an akk yegduden tt'baye‚-nsen negh iberdan-nsen n tudert. Dgha d awezghi ad nesr'uh' tutlayt-nnegh mebla ma nesr'uh'
ula d tinetti-nnegh (identitt').
D acu-tent i yir timughliwin i yes ttmuqulen medden
tabaskit ?
Ttwalin-tt d tutlayt kan n yiz'awaliyen. Dgha d anect-nni ay ten-yettaddjan
ad xemmen d akken tutlayt-a d tah'erfit kan (simple), ur nezmir ad d-nemmeslay yis-s ghef tghawsiwin n tnefsit negh n yedles.
Yir tamughli-yagi ur tettwaqbal imi tutlayin akk n wemd'al (ddunit) ‚edlent wagar-asent, kifkif-itent. Imesnilsiyen (linguistes)
am Jacobson akk d Bloomfield at'as aya seg wasmi ay fran tamsalt-a. Nezmer ad d-nini s tbaskit akk ayen nezmer ad t-id-nini
s tespenyulit negh s tefr'ensist. Nekk ttwaligh anect-a d ss'wab, d acu kan, maci at'as n medden i t-yez'ran.
Ibaskiyen s umata, d taspenyulit ay ttmeslayen. Dgha
ma tughal tbaskit d tutlayt tameghradit (universelle) [akken llant tutlayin idjehden am tefr'ensist, tat'alyanit negh tahulandit],
tettwalid' d akken ilaq ghef medden ad tt-sseqdacen s tin n nnif, u ad ddjen taspenyulit ?
Llan wat'as n Yibaskiyen ay yessnen mlih' tabaskit, maca maci
akk. Wanag si tama nnid'en, akk Ibaskiyen yettmeslayen tabaskit ssnen mlih' taspenyulit, negh meqqar, ttselliken-tt deg-s.
Sakin, tamsalt tgerri-d gher wacu n tutlayt ara yefren wemdan ad tt-yemmeslay. Ghef umedya, nezmer ad naru s tbaskit ghef
tesnagayt (philosophie), d acu kan, anect-a yettghimi-d d aqemmer. Win yebghan ad d-yeffegh wedlis-is, yewwi-yi-d R'ebbi d
akken ttafxir kan ad yaru ghef tesnagayt s tespenyulit. Medden akk llan qqaren-iyi-d : "Ur ttaru ara s tbaskit, tutlayt-a
tew‚er' akken ad tt-id-nessuqel (traduire), yiwen ur yeqqar ayen ara d-tarud'". D acu kan, ula d nekk ur bghigh ara ad beddlegh
tutlayt, yernu asmi ay bdigh ttarugh, ur bghigh ara ad xemmegh d akken zemregh ad zzenzegh 5000 n wudmawen (exeplaires) seg
yedlisen-iw. Lligh ker'hegh ssuq, ur d as-fkigh ara ccan. Dgha imir-n fernegh ad arugh s tbaskit xas akken z'righ d akken
ahat, wid ara d i-ighren ur tt‚eddin ara i 1000. Ass-a, idlisen-iw atni ssuqlen-ten-id gher 16 n tutlayin [di 2002, wwd'ent
gher 20], am win yuran s tutlayt taspenyulit. Ihi, d ayen i tezmer ad t-id-tawi tutlayt nnid'en ay d-tewwi tbaskit, anect-a
ur ibeddel acemma.
D acu kan, ur a ttwaligh ara d akken ilaq ad nexdem kulci
s tutlayt tabaskit. Ghef umedya, ttwaligh d akken assuffegh n yisura (films) s tbaskit ur yezmir ad d-yawi lfayda. Ilaq "ad
as-ncuh'" i tutlayt. Nezmer ad d-naru ungalen s tbaskit -imi ay llan wid yeqqaren ungal abaski- maca ma nessuqel-d tiz'riwin
(tht'ories) tineggura n rebbu negh n tsenmeghrad't (cosmologie) gher tbaskit, akken kan ad d-nessken d akken nezmer ad neg
anect-a s tutlayt-nnegh, nekk ttwaligh anect-a taghelnaz'rit (nationalisme) yernu d ayen ur nes‚i lfayda. Ilaq ad d-neg tighawsiwin
ay neh'wadj akken ad nefr'eh' maci akken ad d-neg tighawsiwin s tin n tghennant, akken ad d-nessken d akken ula d nekni nezmer
ad d-neg aya.
Tettwalid' iman-ik d aneggal (romancier) abaski ay
tellid' ?
Ala, imi tira ay ttarugh s tbaskit sufella kan ay d-terna. Nekk
s yisem-iw d amaru, ttwaligh iman-iw ttekkagh deg wensay (tradition) adelsan, di tsekla (littt'rature), d ansay yellan d ameghradi
(universel). Di Finland, h'edr'egh i yiwen n usarag (conft'rence) ay iga yiwen n umaru las'el-is si Sri Lanka, netta yettidir
di London, dgha mi akken ay d-yebder uguren n tira, fehmegh mlih' ayen akken yebgha ad d-yini. Asmi ay bdigh tira, ur tzad
ara tmusni-w di tsekla. Asmi ay s‚igh ‚ecrin n yiseggasen ay ghrigh Gabriel Aresti*. Tlata n yiseggasen sakin, fukegh akk
idlisen n tsekla yellan imir-n s tbaskit. Anect-a ur yebghi ara ad d-yini d akken ur nes‚i ara ansay di tsekla-nnegh. Ass-a,
yernu anect-a d ah'ric si tetrara (modernitt'), izri (passt') akk n tsekla n wemd'al, ama d win n Tmurt n Wa‚r'aben negh d win
n Ccinwa negh n Tur'uft nezmer ad t-naf akken ad t-ngher. Dgha s waya, yal amaru yezmer ad d-yesnulfu ansay-is i yiman-is.
Dgha win yettarun s tutlayt tameddarsut (minoritaire) ilaq ad yelh'u tikli n ubaregh di taddart i deg zedghent ala kan tiyuzad'.
Mi ara tarud' s tbaskit, ur d-tettmagared' ara uguren ?
Tameslayt (langage) n tsekla ur tes‚i tamtilt deg wemd'al, d yiwen-is
anda ma teddid', tameslayt n tsekla d tameghradit (universel) yernu tzemred' ad tt-tesqedced' s tutlayt ay k-yehwan. Id'risen
(textes) imenza ay uran s tutlayt taglizit llan kan s‚an snat n tesghunin (conjonctions), nitenti d "and" akk d "but", dgha
s kra ay yuran di tsekla taqburt n tutlayt-a yebna s ussemlili n wawal s snat-agi kan n tesghunit. D acu kan, citt'ah' kan
mbe‚d ma yettusuqel-d Wedlis Imqeddes (Bible) si tlatinit gher teglizit, tennerna tmeslayt taseklant n teglizit, dgha bdan
yimura igliziyen a sseqdacen yiwet n tseddast d tasemlalt (syntaxe complexe) akk d kra n talghiwin (formes) n ccbah'a n tutlayt
ay d-red'len si tlatinit. D anect-a ay d-yed'ran ula akk d tutlayt tabaskit. Imura yecban Dechepare akk d Axular llan ssnen
talatinit akk d tbaskit, dgha mi skecmen ayen tes‚a tmenzut-agi di tis snat-nni, rran tabaskit, tutlayt-nsen tayemmat, d tutlayt
iwejden akken ad nettaru yis-s. Akka ay tughal tbaskit d tutlayt i yes nezmer ad naru mebla uguren.
D kettc s timmad-ik ay d-yessuqlen ungal-ik, Obabakoak,
gher tespenyulit. D acu n wemgerrad yellan ger n mi ara d-yessuqel wab‚ad' adlis-is i yiman-is negh mi ara t-yefk i wemsuqel
?
Nezmer ad d-nini d akken ad'ris aseklan (texte littt'raraire) d
taghawsa, akken kan ara tt-tennaled', ad tbeddel. Dgha d awezghi ad neg tasuqilt tasekkalt (littt'rale). Mi ara d-tessuqled',
amzun tettarud'-d ayen tettwalid', ayen tfehmed' seg wab‚ad' n yed'risen. Amgerrad yellan ger n tsuqilt n menwala akk d tsuqilt
ara yeg yiwen i yiman-is d tin yeqqnen gher tlelli. Mi ara nettaru s kra n tutlayt, amzun nbubb amesnay (conducteur) ghef
ye‚rar-nnegh, d netta ay d agh-yemmalen abrid ara aghent tira-nnegh, d acu kan, xas llant tghawsiwin yettbeddilen, ss'eh'
ur yettbeddil ara. Dgha llant snat n tghawsiwin ur nettbeddil ara si tutlayt gher tayed' : d tadyant (histoire) akk d xemsa
negh setta n wawalen di yal asebter (page) seg wedlis ... wigi d awalen yes‚an azal di ccbah'a n tutlayt ay nesseqdac deg
wed'ris. Xas ma yella tikwal ur ttazmaregh ara ad sqedcegh awalen-a deg wemkan-nsen mi ara d-ssuqulegh, swexxiregh-ten s kra
n yizirigen (lignes) d akessar, d acu kan, ala asseqdec ay ten-sseqdacegh. Anect-a d ayen iwe‚r'en ad t-id-sfehmegh, ala d
win ay yettmeslayen mlih' ama d tabaskit, ama d taspenyulit, ay izemren ad ijerr'eb aya.
(...)
Ghef wakken nettwali, kettc d uguren n tira ayen i
k-iceghben ugar n wuguren n tsertit, amek ?
Ttafxir akken ferr'h'egh mi ara iligh sdaxel n uh'anu-yinu (atelier)
wala mi ara iligh di berr'a. Nnig waya, tagnit tasertit di Tmurt n Yibaskiyen d tagnit yerwin s wat'as yernu tesqelliq. Ulac
akk d acu ay d-trennu di tmusni n wab‚ad'. Dgha mmugregh-d kra n wuguren asmi ay d-nnigh d akken nekk aql-i mgal n rr'ay-agi
ame‚waju. Lemmer ad d-nawi yiwen n Walmani d yiwen n Wefr'ensis d yiwen n Ubaski u ad asen-nini ad agh-d-arun adlis ghef tayri,
Almani yezmer ad agh-d-yaru yiwen n wedlis n xemsa yeh'ricen umi ara isemmi "Deg wayen yerzan uguren tayri", ma d Afr'ensis-nni
ad d-yaru kra n wedlis d afessas u ad as-isemmi "Mazal tayri ?", ma d Abaski-nni, ad agh-d-yaru tasmed'rant (essai) umi ara
isemmi "Tayri akk d wugur n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen". Medden di tmurt-nnegh a qeddcen at'as, d acu kan, ur zaden ara di tmusni,
tiz'ri-nsen (tht'orie) d tigellilt. Dgha d tikkelt tamenzut di Tmurt n Yibaskiyen i deg ara d-tennulfu tghelnaz'rit qessh'en
akka am tin yellan ass-a.
* Gabriel Aresti : d yiwen seg yimura imeqqranen akk n tutlayt tabaskit,
ili-d di 1933. Aresti yettwassen ladgha s usefru-nni-yines ameqqran, "Maldan behera" (As'ubbu) ay d-yura di 1960, u deg-s
yeh'ka-d akk amezruy n wegdud abaski, seg uzarmezruy (prt'histoire) alammi d ussan-a.
Yettwaddem-d wed'ris-agi seg :
"Le Matricule des Anges" - Utt'un 13 - Ctember'-Tuber' 1995
www.lelibraire.com
Tasuqilt sghur Mohand Bouloufa.
****** ****** ******
Tadiwennit tis snat :
Sghur Lucia Iglesias Kuntz
L.I.K. Lbat'el i‚eddan ghef tutlayt
tabaskit di tallit n lbat'el n Franco d tikerkas negh d tidet ?
Bernardo Atxaga. Anect-a d tidet, xas
ma yella d tidet digh ma nenna-d d akken tabaskit tella tcewwel ula di tallit-nni n wubqel n wemgaru agharim (guerre civile)
n Spenyul*, asmi ay tella Tmurt n Yibaskiyen a tettidir deg wuguren imeqqranen n tdamsa (t'conomie). Assider n tutlayt di tallit-nni
d ayen yellan yes'‚eb at'as imi ala kan d aggagen (intellectuels) akk d wat ddin ay yellan zemren ad qedcen ghef wanect-a.
Dgha ma mmeslayegh-awen-d ghef twacult-iw, ad tzemrem ad tfehmem aya. Jeddi akk d baba-s n jeddi llan xeddmen d ibennayen
dgha maci d ah'raz n tutlayt-nnegh ay yellan d aghilif-nsen. Ma d nekk, deg ugherbaz nnid'en ay ghrigh, meh'sub kkigh-d ghef
yiwet n tallit i deg ay h'ulfagh i tmattant n tutlayt-nnegh yernu bdigh steqsayagh iman-iw ghef ssebbat ay izemren ad iyi-ddjent
ad sr'uh'egh tutlayt-iw ay d-wer'tegh sghur n lejdud-iw. Dgha lbat'el i‚eddan fell-anegh deg ugherbaz asmi nella d imect'ah'
ur yes‚i tamtilt. Lligh nekk d watmaten-iw kkaten-agh yal tikkelt i deg ara d agh-slen nettmeslay s tbaskit wagar-anegh, xas
akken d tin ay d tutlayt ay nettmeslay deg yexxamen-nnegh. Yernu nella nez'ra merr'a d akken yegdel (interdit) ad nemmeslay
tabaskit deg yimukan izuyaz (lieux publics) yernu s kra n win ara igen aya ad yettuxett'i.
Seg wasmi akka ay d-tughal tugdut gher Spenyul, tewwi
Tmurt n Yibaskiyen tafulmant-ines (autonomie) yernu ssuffghen-d isud'af (leqwanin) imaynuten ghef tutlayin, dindin kan teffegh-d
tbaskit si lbat'el aberkan gher tegnit i deg ay yettuh'ettem ghef medden ad tt-lemden deg ugherbaz. D acu tettwalid' deg wanect-a
?
Ula d taglizit tughal d tutlayt yettuh'ettment ghef yal yiwen
deg ugherbaz [di Tmurt n Yibaskiyen], dgha tettghimi-d temsalt-a d tin is'e‚ben at'as. Ass-a, aql-i nesteqsay iman-iw u bghigh
ad z'regh alamma d anda ay yettalas Uwanek (ddewla) d netta kan ara yettd'ebbiren deg uselmed n medden ? Taswi‚t-a, di tmura
merr'a n wemd'al (ddunit), d Awanek kan ay yettd'ebbiren ad'ebber ameqqran deg uselmed; aghlif (ministŤre) n usselmed yes‚a
azal meqqren di tmura merr'a, ghef waya, ur d-teqqim ara tlelli tameqqrant i wid yebghan ad yili welmad akken nnid'en. Dgha
wid yettidiren di Tmurt n Yibaskiyen yernu ur bghin ad z'ren acemma ghef yedles akk d tutlayt-nnegh ur uklalen ara akk ad
ten-nqader.
Di Tmurt n Yibaskiyen, ulac wid ay i‚eddan i tlisa
deg useqdec n tutlayt tabaskit ?
Akken ad awen-inigh tidet, ur cikkegh ara d akken yella waya.
Ur walagh ara amek ay yezmer wezgen n umelyun n yemdanen [yettmeslayen s tbaskit] ad d'urren 35 n yimelyunen n yemdanen yettmeslayen
taspenyulit, wanag ttwaligh d akken d wid ay d agh-yernan s tutlayt-nsen ayen ara yett‚eddin i tlisa. Ghef umedya (ghef lemtel),
ighmisen ispenyuliyen n yal ass werdjin ttawin-d kra n telghut (lexber) yelhan ghef tutlayt tabaskit, ula d acemma, dgha nekk
d anect-a umi qqaregh a‚eddi i tlisa.
Asdukel n tjerr'umt akk d tmawalt (lexique) n tentalyin
tibaskiyin deg yiwet kan n tutlayt ara fehhmen akk Yibaskiyen d tamsalt i ghef ara d-id'erru wat'as n umennugh. Dgha tettwalid'
d akken terra tmara ad ‚eddin Yibaskiyen ghef wanect-a akken ad d-ssidren tutlayt-nsen ?
Ulac tutlayt deg wemd'al ay izemren ad taz' gher sdat s yemgerraden-is
(difft'rences). Tutlayin merr'a s‚an tintalyin (dialectes) yemgerraden, d acu kan, yettili-d leqdic i lmend n wesdukel-nsent
akken ad tent-fehhmen wid merr'a ay tent-yettmeslayen, dgha ma ur teddukel ara tutlayt, ulamek tewwed' s aswir ‚layen i deg
ara tezmer ad tughal d tutlayt yeddren, d tutlayt n usselmed, n tussna negh d tin n usselh'u n tghawsiwin n tmurt. Ur nettazmar
ara ad naru kra ghef tsegda (architecture) s tpidgint [d axalud' n tutlayin yebnan ghef teglizit akk d wawalen n tutlayin
nnid'en], wanag ilaq ad tesqedced' taglizit tizeght (standard) i wanect-a, dgha taglizit tizeght d tin ay d-ih'ettmen iman-is
deg wat'as n tmura akken ad tili d tutlayt ara yeddjen tamusni ad tezre‚ akken igerrez, akken ara tt-fehmen wat'as n medden.
Llan wid umi ara ye‚djeb wanect-a am wakken ay llan wid umi ur ye‚djib ara, d acu kan, akken ay yella yeqqar yiwen n umeddakel-iw,
d aselmad n tesnilsit, i yinelmaden-is ay d-yekkan si Temrikt talatinit : "tzemrem ad tesseqdacem taspangict (d axalud' n
tespenyulit akk d teglizit) wagar-awen, d acu kan, ma tebgham ad trebh'em di tezrawin-nwen (t'tudes), ilaq ad tettarum s teglizit".
Tutlayin merr'a ay iteddun gher sdat ttughalent cwit', cwit' d tifessasin. Dgha ameddakel-agi-yinu yenna-yi-d d akken ulac
tutlayt ay iwe‚r'en am tin ay ttmeslayen deg wab‚ad' n tudrin ibe‚den yernu i‚ezlen, d imi ara naf d akken di temdinin am
Chicago akk d New York, taglizit ay ttmeslayen deg-sent fessuset s wat'as ghef tin ay ttmeslayen deg wab‚ad' n tudrin ibe‚den
di tmurt n Legliz.
Kettc d amdan yessnen mlih' ama d tabaskit, ama
d taspenyulit, maca aygher d tabaskit ay d tutlayt tamenzut i yes tettarud' ?
Nekk ughegh tanumi ttxemmimegh s tbaskit, dgha yis-s ay bennugh
timucuha-w akk d yisefra-w. D nettat ay d tutlayt n tbad'nit-iw (initmitt') yernu yis-s ay ttarugh tinqid'in ama di Stockholm
ay lligh negh di Madrid. Dgha ughegh tanumi d wanect-a yernu maci d tasnakta (idt'ologie) ay d i-iddjan ad gegh aya. Llan kra
n medden ‚ezzlen iman-nsen deg yixejd'an i deg ttghimin d agguren ur d-teffghen ara. Ma d nekk, tanumi-yinu di tira teddja-yi
ad rregh tabaskit d tutlayt tamenzut i yes ara ttarugh, d acu kan ssawd'egh digh gher tmughli i deg ur a ttwaligh ara d akken
anect-a d ayen yes‚an azal, wanag zemregh ad arugh ula s tutlayin nnid'en.
D acu kan, tebghid' d kettc s timmad-ik ara d-yelhun
d tsuqilt (traduction) n yiqeddicen-ik ...
Deg wemd'al, llant tutlayin yettemcabin wagar-asent, dgha kra
deg-sent d takniwin ay llant akk d tiyad', am tutlayt takatalant akk d tespenyulit. Tasuqilt nekk cubagh-tt s aneggez, dgha
win ara d-yessuqlen kra si tkatalant gher tespenyulit amzun ineggzen si tnergact (trottoir) s abrid. D acu kan, di tbaskit,
ilaq ad neg aneggez-nnegh meqqren akken ad d-neg tasuqilt, yernu ma fkigh ayen d-urigh i wab‚ad' n yemsuqlen (traducteurs)
amzun d aqemmer ay qemmregh s leqdic-iw, ur z'righ ara d acu ara d-yefk wanect-a. S umata, di r'eb‚a-yid-negh ay d as-nettenkar
i tsuqilt n yiqeddicen-iw, dgha mi ara bghugh ad d-ssuqlegh leqdic-iw, imeddukal-iw ay d i-iqerben mlih' tt‚awanen-iyi, xeddmen-iyi-d
tasuqilt tamenzut, d tin i seg ay d-tekksegh tasuqilt taneggarut ara d-ssuffghegh gher ssuq. Dgha yew‚er' ad d-nessefhem d
acu-t umaru yettarun s snat n tutlayin yernu a tth'ulfugh d akken simmal ara yettew‚ar' fell-i ad d-ssuqlegh id'risen-iw.
Simmal ssuqulegh-d deg yiqeddicen-iw, simmal tth'ulfugh d akken tisuqilin-yinu be‚‚den ghef wed'ris-nni anes'li ay urigh s
tutlayt tabaskit.
I mi ara d-tessuqled' idlisen-ik gher tutlayin
nnid'en, d tasuqilt-nni n tespenyulit i tesseqdaced' d llsas, maci d ad'ris-nni anes'li yuran s tutlayt tabaskit. Ur teskaddbed'
ara iman-ik deg wanect-a ?
Ala imi nekk s‚igh takti-yinu ghef tutlayt, d takti i yes ttidiregh
yal ass, d tin i deg ttwaligh d akken ula d taspenyulit tes‚a ghur-i amkan n tutlayt tayemmat. Deg webrid ay d-wwigh di tudert-iw,
llant snat n tutlayin tiyemmatin ttidirent ta tama n ta yernu ttwaligh d akken s‚igh zzher' nekkini ay yessnen ad mmeslayegh
yis-sen mlih' di snat yid-sent.
Tettwalid' iman-ik d aghelnaz'ri (nationaliste) ?
Spenyul ur tt-ugigh ara. Si tama n tsertit, ur ddigh akk d wid
yettnadin azarug (indt'pendance) yernu Spenyul ur tt-ttwaligh d tuddsa (organisation) n d iri, wala d tamurt n d iri, wanag
nezmer ad nidir deg-s u ad d-nini d acu ixuss'en deg-s.
*********************
* Amgaru agharim n Spenyul : d amgaru
i deg nnughen wid yebghan ad rren Spenyul d tigduda d wid yebghan ad teqqim tgeldit si 1936 gher 1939. Sakin, seg useggas-nni
d asawen, d Franco ay yernan wid yebghan tigduda u d netta ay yughalen d aqerru n leh'kem di Spenyul. Di 1947, Franco yerra-d
tageldit (monarchie) gher Spenyul, d acu kan, ula d yiwen ur yettalas ad yili d agellid ala kan ma yughal Franco ur yezmir
ara ad yeh'kem negh ye‚zem ad yeddj lehkem i ugellid. Di tallit-nni akk n leh'kem-is, Spenyul tughal d tamurt i deg ttwagedlen
(interdit) yikabaren isertiyen akk d tdukliwin, yernu ala kan d taspenyulit ay d tutlayt yes‚an az'ayer (statut) di tmurt-a.
Imawlan n tutlayin nnid'en akk n Spenyul (tabaskit, takatalant, tagalisit, atg.) llan ttnaghen akken zemren akken ad s‚un
izerfan-nsen idelsanen. Dgha yiwet si tmiwa ay yent'erren at'as akk si lbat'el n Franco d tama n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen i deg
ay d-tennulfa terba‚t timselleh't n ETA, ay yebdan imenghi i lmend n uzarug (indt'pendance) n Yibaskiyen. Franco yemmut di
1975, u temmut yid-s tallit-nni n lbat'el ameqqran. Seg wass-n d asawen, tennefsusi ccedda i deg llant ttidirent tutlayin
timeddursa (minoritaires) di Spenyul, u ttunefken-asent akk yiz'uyar (statuts) di tmiwa i deg ay tent-ttmeslayen.
Sghur Lucia Iglesias Kuntz
Tasuqilt n Omar MOUFFOK
****** ****** ******
I tmerniwt n yisallen, rzut ghef wassaghen-agi :
http://www.unesco.org
Amd'iq amens'ab n Tuddsa n Yeghlanen Yedduklen i uselmed d tussna,
din tzemrem ad d-tafem at'as n yisallen ghef tutlayin timeddursa am tbaskit negh tamazight.
http://www.mondeberbere.com/tabrat/trabat2.htm
Deg usebter-agi tzemrem ad tafem utt'un 2 n Tebrat n Yimedyazen,
i deg d-nemmeslay yagi ghef wegdud abaski akk d wuguren ay d-yettmagar ussider n yedles ghur-sen.
http://www.mondeberbere.com/tabrat/index.htm
Deg usebter-agi tzemrem ad d-tafem utt'unen merr'a n Tebrat n
Yimedyazen, seg umenzu alamma d wis 11.
*********************
*********************
Anwa ay d Bernardo Atxaga ?
Isem-is n tidet Joseba Irazu, yernu ilul-d di 1951 di temdint
n Asteasu, di temnad't n Guipuzcoa, di Tmurt n Yibaskiyen n wenz'ul (sud), di Spenyul. Atxaga ay yeghran tussniwin tudmisin
(sciences t'conomiques) di tesdawit, yeqdec azal n h'dac wagguren di tbanka (banque) di temdint n San Sebastian. Sakin, yughal
gher tesdawit akken ad igher tasnagayt (philosophie) u seg yimir-n ay yekcem s amd'al n tira akken ad yughal d yiwen seg yimura
imeqqranen n tutlayt tabaskit akk d tespenyulit.
Adlis amezwaru ay d-yessuffegh d ammud (recueil) n yisefra umi
isemma Ziutateak (timdinin), yura-t di 1976, yernu sin n yiseggasen sakin, yerna yessuffegh-d ammud nnid'en n yisefra, Etiopia,
d win i yes ay ibeddel si lqa‚a tamedyazt (pot'sie) tabaskit u yerbeh'-d fell-as arraz n wezghan (prix de la critique) aspenyuli.
Ikemmel dgha seg yimir-n yettaru, u di ‚ecrin n yiseggasen-nni ay d-id'efren, yessuffegh-d ugar n ‚ecrin n yedlisen n tsekla
i yigerdan akk d yelmez'yen, am wakken ay yura imsuyas (sct'narios) i wat'as n tesgilin (t'missions) n rr'adyu akk d tceqfatin
n umezgun (tht'‚tre). Atxaga yes‚a digh assagh idjehden akk d uz'awan (musique) abaski imi ay yura ach'al n tezlatin s tutlayt-is.
D acu kan, tamelt-yines (ct'lt'britt') tameqqrant deg wemd'al
n tsekla yekseb-itt-id s wungalen-is i yes ay yughal yettwassen akk deg wemd'al ladgha imi ay ten-id-ssuqlen gher wat'as n
tutlayin. Ungal amenzu ay yura, "Bi anai" (Sin watmaten) yerbeh'-d yis-s Atxaga arraz n wezghan i tikkelt tis snat di 1985.
R'eb‚a n yiseggasen sakin, di 1988, yessuffegh-d Atxaga ungal-is ay ifazen akk, Obabakoak (at Obaba), d win i ghef d-yerbeh'
Arraz Aghelnaw n Tsekla (Primio Nacional de Literatura) n Spenyul u yella-d d amaru abaski amenzu ara d-irebh'en arraz-agi,
am wakken ay d-yerbeh' digh fell-as arraz n wedlis abaski, Euskadi, akk d warraz n wezghan aspenyuli i tikkelt tis tlata.
Obabakoak nzan seg-s 30.000 n wudmawen (exemplaires). Si ger yedlisen nnid'en ay yettwassnen ay d-yessuffegh Atxaga, nezmer
ad d-nebder "Tamurt n Yibaskiyen akk d Yedles negh mi ara d-yaki yinisi", "Anz'ad ay d-yemghin deg yiles" akk d yiwen n wedlis
i yigerdan isem-is "Shola akk d yilfan". Si melmi kan, yerna yessuffegh-d daghen sin yedlisen s wazal-nsen, "Argaz awh'id"
akk d "Igenwan-nni". Tirawt n Bernardo Atxaga d tin i deg texled' tsekla tamaynut n wass-a akk d tsekla tamsilawt (rt'aliste)
ay d-yettmeslayen ghef tghawsiwin akken llant di tudert, ama lhant, ama d iri-tent. Deg wungalen-is, Atxaga yettban-d seg
wid yekkaten ghef ugama (nature) yernu udmawen (personnages) d wid ay d-yeddem seg wegdud abaski ara yettqabalen lehmum n
tmetti (socit'tt') n tallit-agi-nnegh. Yugh lh'al, werdjin yenwi Atxaga d akken ad d-yawed' wass i deg ara yughal yisem-is mechur'
am wass-a, yernu kra ttxemmimen, qqaren-as d akken Bernardo Atxaga yessawed' ad as-d-yerr ttar' i tutlayt tabaskit, ay yettwah'eqren
ach'al, imi ass-a tewwed' Madrid alammi ay teste‚r'ef s yiwen n umara d Abaski.
Sghur Omar MOUFFOK
Win yeslan ad yini i wiyad'
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Arut-agh-d, gret-d tamawin-nwen, neqqar l‚eslama i s kra n tebrat
ara d agh-d-yawd'en sghur-wen.
Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen
BP 129, Poste Didouche Mourad
16006, Alger, Algt'rie
E-mail : imedyazen89@yahoo.fr
Imagraden yeqqnen gher usentel n wutt'un-agi :
Tabrat n Yimedyazen : Utt'un 2 : Taburjwazit tabaskit teddja idles abaski

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Tagnit (Amtiweg)
Tagnit neɣ Akal (azamul-is: ) d amtiweg wis 3 deg wuggug ɣef tafukt (iṭij) deg unagraw anafuk (seld n uziweɣ d tetrit), akken i tga seg yimtiwgen inamuren meqqren yakk d amtiweg ameqqran wis 5 deg unagraw anafuk[1] seg wekdu-ines d takura-ines d tneẓẓi-ines, akken i yettwassen umtiweg-a s Wakal yakk d Umaḍal.
Tagnit d tamezduɣt i waṭas n telmas n imuddiren am wemdan d iɣersiwen anda i tga d adeg amyiwen deg usedday yettwassnen s tilin n tudert deg-s, tennulfa-d send(uqbel) n 4,54 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen,[2][3]Maca tudert deg tegnit tban-d deg umelyaṛ n iseggasen-a ineggura. Seg yimar-mni, tignudert tegla-d s ubeddel deg tignut tinegnit d tfadiwin deg-s, ayen yeǧǧan imuddiren yettidiren s weksijin ad nnernin w ad temmag tissi n wuẓun ixeddmen yakk d yiger adekran n tegnit i twaffra n izenzaren ibumzelgen (yeṭṭurrayen)
Tiskanin tisengamin n tegnit d tmezzit tasengamt timezgit deg wanda i tetezzi ɣef tfukt ǧǧant tudert ad tenfufed w ad tesmed (ad tkemmel) deg-s alammi d ass-a, Akken i ttɣilen imusnawen d akken ad ternu ad tesmed i 1,2 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen niden. Sin akin tafat n tfukt yettnernin ad tečč w ad tfakk tignudert-is acku taẓɣelt n tfukt ad tali deg yimal w ad ternu ad timɣuṛ alamma tuɣal d acafcal azeggaɣ w ad yiweṭ wekdu-ines alamma d tmezzit n tegnit
Ttidiren ugar n 7,7 n imelyaṛen n yimdanen deg tegnit[4] Tiɣbula n tegnit yemgaraden xeddment i wakken ad ǧǧen tilin n teɣreft meqqren n yimdanen ibeṭṭun amadal gugar-asen, imdanen-a ẓẓunin (ferqen) ɣef 200 n tmura timzirgin. Akken ig snefli wemdan aṭas n tmettiyin d tɣermawin d yedlisen yemgaraden
Asileɣ n tegnit d tsuddest-isẒreg
Tagnit tettumeggez d amtiweg anamur, ayen yennumken d akken tga d tafekka n weẓru, mači d acafcal n ugaz meqqren am Yebter. Akken i tettumeggez daɣen d amtiweg meqqren yakk deg tegrawt n yimtiwgen inamuren yellan deg wudus anafuk ama deg tkura neɣ deg ubleɣ. S tmerniwt ɣer wannect-a yakk, Tagnit yemgarad ɣef yimtiwgen inamuren niden deg teflel n weswir n tneẓẓi yakk d teldayt deg tjumma-ines yakk d yiger adekran ussis yakk d tuzzya tarurdant.[5] war tutut d akken tagnit tga d amtiweg amyiwen deg wanda illant tiflin titktuniyin turmidin
Talɣa n tegnitẒreg
Talɣa n tegnit d tin yudsen nezzeh ɣer telɣa takernebnayt timlebbeṭ, acku tga d tafekka timlebbeṭ deg snat n tzeglin n ugafa d unẓul yerna d amezderdam deg usebges.[6] Azderdem-a igellu-d s tuzzya n tegnit akken i d-yettilin d asrag (ssebba) d akken akdu n tegnit deg usebges yugar akdu-ines deg tzeglin s wazal n 43 km.[7] akken i d-ittili isig n wekdu n tfekka tamezzayt amniran s wazal n 12,742 km, ayen yegdan 40,000 km/TT amda yiwen n umiter yella yegda 1/10.000.000 seg umaccaq i d-izgan seg usebges alamma d tizgelt n ugafa s tukkit seg temdint n Paris.[8]
Yessefk ad yettwabdar d akken asgertel adigan yemgarad ɣef talɣa ayi timezzit taneblalt, ɣas akken imgaraden-a d wid fsusen deg tɣult takemdalit, anda isig n ucali n tegnit ɣur-s amur seg 584, neɣ 0.17% n tfekka tamezzayt tamnirant, dɣa tga d afimidi yellan s ddaw n 0,22% seg ufimidi n ucali yettilin gar n tuzziwin n ubilyardu.[9] Isigen imeqranen idiganen n ucali d wenfal deg tjumma taneẓrut n tegnit ttwagensen deg wudrar n Everest yeflalen s wazal n 8,848 m sufel n tjumma n yilel yakk deg weɣzu n Mariana yudren s wazal n 10,911 m s ddaw n tjumma n yilel. Yirna s usrag n uzderdem n tiṭṭ n tfukt deg usebges, Adrar n Chimborazo yellan di tmurt n Ecuador yettumeggez d azag yaggugen yakk ɣef wammas n tegnit.
Asileɣ akruran n tegnitẒreg
Takura n tegnit tuzen azal n 5.98×1024 kg, amur ameqran deg-s igber wuzzal (32.1%) d weksijin (30,1%) d Silikun (15,1%) d umegnisium (13,9%) d ukebri (2,9%) d unikel (1,8%) d ukalsium (1,5%) d walimenium (1,4%). Ma d ayen i d-igran (1,2%) gan d tismektiwen drusen seg yiferdisen niden. Deg wakud anda iferdisen iẓayanen ttwaleddyen (ttwajbaden) ɣer wammas, iferdisen ifsusen ttagugen ɣef wammas.
Kra n imusnawen ttɣilen d akken uzzal iga d asger agejdan i uzadur n tegnit, anda afimidi-ines yettawaṭ ɣer 88,8% yakk d kra n tesmektiwin n unikel (5,8%) yakk d ukebri (4,5%) d ddaw n 1% n iferdisen niden.
Amusnaw n tekrura Frank Wigglesworth Clark yessegza-d d akken ugar n 47% n tiferkit tinegnit tegber seg weksijin. Ma d isegra ineẓruyen s wacu i tegber tferkit yakk igan d imezdiyen s tuget ttumeggzen d uksiden, ma yella d akluṛ, d afluṛ yekk d ukebri ttumeggzen d iferdisen ixataren, Dɣa tasmekta tuɣridt deg-s deg yal azṛu tesgensis-d ddaw n 1% s waṭas. Anecta yedda deg-s uksiden igejdanen ɣef usiliku d waluminya d uksiden n wuzzal d walus d umagnisium d uputasium d suda


text:
Yura-t : Ridouan Pakhrou
Ass-a 6 febrayer ad tiri edun 58 iseggasn xef tmettant n ijen weyrad d Arifi d ameqqran, ayrad-a xef ssiwlen-t Marra lgnus n ddunect, ead ssawalen xaf-s, ead a xaf-s ssiwlen, a xaf-s arin, a xaf-s inin abarru d timenna.
Aked tuffut n wass n setta febrayer 1963 yefsar arradiyu n » ṣawt learab » aneɣmis n tmttant n ijjen wargaz d ameqqran, ɣar-s amcan-nnes di tmura n ẓelmeḍ Tafriqit, d tmizar usammar anammas, mammec ɣer-s amcan yemɣar jar wayduden irelliyyen. Argaz-a d memmis n ssi Ɛebdekrim Arifi, netta yettewassnen jar Irifiyen s umɣar « Mulay Muhend ».
Min yeena Muḥemmed n Ɛebdekrim lxeṭṭabi ?
Ssi Ɛebdekrim lexţţabi « Refqi » izeddeɣ deg ujdir n Arrif amerwasu zzat i tegzirt n Nnekur. Aseggas n 1882 ad ɣar-s yemmarni ijjen usegmi ixḍar-as zeg ismawen, isem n « MUḤEMMED ». Asggwas xaf-s d-yusin ad ydwel d rqadi di teqbilt n Ayt Waryaɣel x ufus n rmexzen n Fas, manaya yejja twacunt n Ayt d Lxeṭṭabi a ɣer-s tiri ijjen rhimmet d ijen uweqqar yemɣar jar tarwa n teqbilt-nnes. Mani ttuɣa tɣuri n Lxeṭṭabi ? Mani d mindi yexdem qber ma ad yerẓem amenɣi xef uḥewwas ? Mammec yegga yebna tayduda n Arrif ? Mammec yesseedu min das-yeqqimen di tudart ar tmettant-nnes di Lqahira ?
Tudart n Mulay Muḥend
Zeg wami d-yerzem Muḥemmed n Ɛebdekrim lexţţabi tiţţawin-nnes ɣer tudart, ymṣadaf aked waţţas n tessasin d imunas. Marra manaya ad daneɣ-yejj ad nebḍa tudert n Mulay Muhend xef krad n tsurifin. Azgen amezwaru (1882-1918), day-s temẓi, d tɣuri deg Ujdir, d Fas, d Mritc, d tawwuri di Mritc aked weɣmmis n tiligrama. Cwayt d rqadi d amssuɣel n tɣawsiwin Irifiyen d yemslmen n Mritc. Azgen wiss ssin (1918-1926) ad day-s nssiwel xef twasit n Mulay Muḥend ɣer ujdir. D mammec tebda tnezbayt Tarifit kuntra n uḥewwas, tayduda n Arrif. Azgen wiss krad (1926-1663) ad dag-s ssiwleɣ xef usufeɣ-nnes zi Arrif ɣer Tegzirt n Larinyun, asmutti-nnes ɣer Misra, d tmettant- nnes di Lqahira.
Mulay Muḥend zeg Ujdir ɣer Fas d Mritc, tiɣuri d tawuri (1882-1918)
Yesseedu temẓi-nnes jar yeqqrinen-nnes, maca ntta d mmis n ict twacunt ɣer-s ifassen zi rebda deg iyyar n tɣuri d tussniwin, d ddin. Manaya ad as-yarẓem tawwurt ḥuma ad yadef ɣer temzyida ad yessen timzwura n tira d tɣuri di ddecar-nnes. Ass aked wnneɣni Muḥend n ssi Ɛebdekrim, yreqqeḥ yedwer d aɣeddu, aseggas n 1902 ad yeksi aqerab -nnes ɣer Fas ad ikemmer tiɣuri-nnes di temzyida n ieeṭṭariyen, yekka dini 2 iseggasn ad idwer ɣer Ujdir di 1904 ḥuma ad yiysi amnus aked baba-s. 1906 ad yedwer ɣer Fas ad isiɣa di tɣuri di tmzyida n Lqarawyyin.
Deg useggas amezwaru bdant-id tmukrisin n Buteɣyult aked ujedjid n Ebereeziz. Ixarres ssi Ɛebdkrim aked yixef-nnes yufa ixessi-it ad ymeawan aked Uspanyu, s uya ysesek tarwa-nnes (Muḥmmed, d Mḥemmed) siɣin tiɣuri tendint n Mritc deg ussan imeggura n 1906. Cwayt, ad ydwel d aselmad n tutlayt n Tmaziɣt d Taerabet i tarwa n Imeɣrabiyen, war dini min yekka yessenta tira deg uɣemmis n « Tiligrama del rif». Awarn-as yedwel d amsuɣel aked lbiru n tɣawsiwin n yemselmen, qber ma ad yḍeḥa d rqaḍi asggas n 1910. Ar danita amsawaḍ aked uspanyu ead yizdig. Maca deg useggas n 1914 wami yessenta umenɣi amaḍlan amzwaru (première guerre mondiale) Isppunya war dasen-ye3jib rḥar rami arrin taynit i memmis n umddukel-nsen. Tixarrisin n mmis n Ɛbdekrim d uɣwweɣ-nnes s tira aked uɣezdis wiss tnayen deg umenɣi amaḍelan, zi twwurt n Ieutmaniyen d Uliman mani yjebbed, ad yejj Aspanyu ad as-yekkes tilelli n wawal, ad t-issidef ɣer leḥbes am yijj unekraf d asertan (prisonnier politique) deg uyur n cutanbir 1915, mani ɣa twaḥbbes ar uyur n ɣuct 1916.
Tilelli tzdeɣ aked utarras, zeg wass n trarit, ca bnadem ad yesɣuy maḥend ad yeddar d irelli niɣ ad yesqar ad yeqqim d ismeɣ. Deg wakud di ttuɣa Muḥemmed n ssi Ɛbdekrim d aneḥbus deg ubniq n Mlilet yxarres ad senni yerwel, deg ijen djiret zi djyari tiziyrarin n tejrest 1915, yeqqen ijen wesɣun maḥend a xaf-s d yeḍḍar s nnej n tzeqqa, deg wass-nni s yexf-nes mani ɣa yennufsel wesɣun-nni ad yewḍa memmis n ssi Ɛbdekrim ad yarreẓ zeg uḍar-nnes aẓelmaḍ.
Danita lxezrat n Uspanyu ɣer twacunt n Lxeṭṭabi ad tbeddel, deg wakud d ijjen, Ɛbdekrim Lxeṭṭabi ameqqran, ad yaf ixf-nnes jar wefḍis Irifiyen d imydi n ispunya, irifiyen twalan-t d ameawen n uḥewwas yessentan ittacren igelwan n Arrif (xef manaya Irifiyyen ad suggeen xef taddart-nnes ad tskemḍen ca n 2 n twalatin), zeg uɣezdis nniɣen yxezzer ɣer-s s ict n ṭiṭṭ war day-s tiddukla n ceḥar uya, memmis yellan s Mlilet yerni tuffet ubedjae s min ytteg. Maca aked wenfarar n umenɣi amaḍlan asggas n 1918 ad irwweḥ ɣer tmurt-nnes s ijen ccan d taryast temɣar, mani ɣa terẓem twacunt n ssi Ɛbdekrim ict ttefryet nniɣen n umenɣi aked Spanya tamedduklet n yiḍnnat.
Garra n Arrif tameqqrant, tagzirt n larinyun (1918-1926)
Deg uyur ameggaru zeg useggas n 1918 mani yedwer Muḥmed memmis n ssi eebdkrim ɣer wjdir, aspanyu ttuɣa yssares ifassen-nnes xef waṭṭas n imucan zi Arrif, ktar imucan yudsen Mritc, danita ɣer yeffeɣ baba-s n Mulay Muhend ad ikemmer abrid n tnezbayt yessenta qber nnes « Ccerif Muḥemmed Ameẓyyan ». Asggas n 1920 qber ad yemmet ssi Ɛebdekrim awaren ma ad as-ggen arhaj di Tfarsit, ysmun-d xaf-s tarwa-nnes (Mḥemmed ttuɣa yellan di Madrid, d Muhmmed ttuɣa yellan di Mritc) yennas-n :« mala war tzmirem ad twtem aqerṭas xef Arrif d tesɣart-nnes xzaret manis ɣa tekkem »
Mmis n umɣar, awren i tmettant n baba-s yuffu-d ɣer-s sin n yebriden war ɣer-s bu ktar, ad yegg min das-yenna baba-s niɣ ad yesmun reḥnuḍ-nnes. Deg uyur n cutanbir yewweḍ ad yegg « Agraw n ymzuren » mani yesmun imeqqranen n teqbilelt-nnes, d ssi Bulḥehya Utuzin, maḥend ad tsmuned ayt Weryaɣel ɣer yedja attas d imxumbar jar-asen-d d tmenɣiwin, yettxiss-a cek ad tiri-d d ameɣar d mmis n wemɣar.
Deg ugraw-a ywweḍ Mulay muḥend aked Irifiyen ɣer wawal « ad nmun niɣ ad nraḥ nmun », ad nettu merra min ttuɣa yellan n tmukrisin d yemxumbar, mamc wḍen ad wcen reahed, Arifi ɣer yenɣen umas ad ixdjes timezwura d tmeggura. Awerna-s yettwaxleq ijen unammas ( centre) deg udrar n lqamet yellan deg teqbilt n Temsaman, maḥned a ɣer-s tnegrawen yemɣaren n tqbilin tirifiyin. Ad rzun xef ufuɣ (solution) aked uḥewwas Arumi . Deg umelqi n lqamet smunen irifiyen awal nsen maḥend ad ggen Muḥemd n ssi Ɛebdekrim d amɣar xaf-sen.
Anebdu n 1921 tewweḍ tnezbayt Tarifit ad tessemmer i wḥewwas arumi xef yttbedda «Silvestry » mcehal sggwan irifyyen, d tamzwarut wyen suggen xaf-sen deg umenɣi n « Dhar uberran », ass amezwaru zeg uyur n yunyu 1921, di 17 yulyuz ad asen-ggen ict tehiyyat nniɣen deg uraq n « iɣriben ». Maca ticti tamqqrant ad tili awern kkuẓ n wussan di 21 yulyuz 1921, deg ijn umnenɣi rcmen-t imjahden irifyyen s wattas d taryaat, amenɣi ɣer ytwasnen deg umezruy s umenɣi n « anwal », amenɣi-a qqaren xaf-s imarzzutn n umzruy belli irifiyen nɣin day-s jar 14 n ruruf d 16 n ruruf n ieskaryyen isppunya, d mani ssarsen fus-nsen x wattas n rebraqi, d uqartas, d leklayţ,… amenɣi- ttuɣa-t d ict tecti tameggarut i silvistre ttuɣa yeqqaren s tɣuyyit belli drust n wussan ad sweɣ atay di taddart n Mulay Muḥend deg Ujdir, ɣar unggar yenɣa yexf-nnes s tfeqqeet awarni ma yeswa ibeccicen-nnes ar mani yuḥḥel.
Deg useggas n 1923 ameɣar n Arrif yewwed ad yssres ddsas n teyduda (République) n arrif. Ass awaren wnneɣni arrif ytbedda x iḍarn-nnes, manaya war das-ytteejib ca ywḥewwas asppanyu wara d afransis, ktar rami irifiyen rezmen timessi xef leeskar n yfransisen zeg uɣezdis n wadday (Sud) d umalu (Est) n Arrif.
Manaya ad yejj afransis d uspanyu ad smunen array-nsen ad ttun imenɣan jar-asen. Ass n 25 yunyu 1925 tsinya fransa d spanya amestfaq n wemeawan ḥuma ad qḍan xef tnezbayt tarifit.
Deg ktubar 1925 yssenta uḥewwas aspanyu d ufransis, ad suggen xef arrif zeg ujenna d lebḥar d tmurt maḥend ad arren ticti i tnezbayt n arrif, zzay-s qqimen ccaten ɣer rswaq d yegrawn n iḥenjiren imezzyanen d ttemɣarin s arhaj (ipirita,lfusfur, lxardel…), Irifyen tmettan am zzbib, tanzbayt war tufi min ɣar tteg aked tyyarat ytfarraɣen timessi d icuḍaḍ zeg ujenna. S uya ead nhara irifyen tnqetmaren aked lehlak n uxenzir (cancer). Manaya ad yej Mulay Muḥend ad yeksi acenyal acemlal deg ujenna di 23 mayyu 1926, ass 27 zeg uyur s yexf-nnes Mmis n ssi ebedkrim ad yesmun twacunt-nnes ɣer targist maḥend ad isllem ixef-nnes iyefransisn.
Ad ytwaksi ɣer Ddalbiḍa, cwayt ad ytwaksi xef uɣarrabu n « eebda » netta d twacunt-nnes ɣer « tegzirt n larinyun » mani ywweḍ di 10 tubar 1926.
MULAY MUḤEND Zi larinyun ɣer Misra, tudart tasertant (1926-1963)
Twacunt n Lxeṭṭabi ad teddar, ujar zi 20 isggasn s uɣir xaf-s, tudart n usegmi n iḥenjiren deg ict tmurt war telli nsen. Mani ɣa txarres Fransa ad ttesmuti zi tegzirt ɣer tmurt n fransa di 1947. Deg ubrid ɣer fransa twacunt n Lxettabi ad tek xef tarya n Ssawis di Misra, ass n 31 zi mayyu, ad immares « uɣerrabu n katumba » di temdint n Bursaeid. Deg wakud mani ɣa yettar zeg ugellid n misra « Faruq » ad yeqqim xef ucar n tmurt-nnes. D manaynni ɣa yemsaren s imant nnes.
Waxxa ayrad n Arrif yiggej xef tmurt min xef yeksi amnus, xef yspader tirelli d wattas zi tudart-nnes. Ɛemmers war yettu car n rjdud-nes, ktar aḥewwas aqqa-t ead yetteg min yxes di tarwa d igerwan n arrif. Di Misra ad yadef wemɣar tawwuri tasertant (champ politique), deg usggas n 1948 zi twwurt n lbiru n « lejnat lmeɣrib learabi », cwayt ad yili d amɣar-nnes, deg iyyar n uslelli n tmura n zelmed tafriqit (Nord africain) . Di 1955, mulay muḥend yegga ifassen-nnes deg uslelli n lmeɣrib. Asuggi xef leeskar n fransa deg igzennayn d mrmuca ad yej fransa ad txaṛṛes deg wufuɣ zi lmeɣrib, zzay-s tsmun imqqranen n ikabaren (parties) d yewdan n « amussu anamur » (mouvement national), ḥuma akidsn tsinya « iks liban». Awaren « azarug » n lmeɣrib (indépendance), lmexzen ameɣrabi ad yeg zeɣdira d tmeqqrant deg irifyyen 58-59. Ameɣar n arrif yssek tibratin ɣer tenbaḍt tameɣrabit, yeqqar day-sent tmuɣli-nnes xef min yttemsaren di arrif zzag-s tamneɣiwt n ymeqqranen n « jic ttaḥrir» am ebbas lmsaedi, d ḥeddu aqecic… d tgezzart n lmexzen deg iriffyen. Tudart tazirart n muḥmed n eebdkrim lxttabi ad tawḍ ɣer texrast-nnes tamggarut ass n 6 fbrayer 1963 mani ɣa yffeɣ buhbel zei arrimet n weyrad n arrif.
Yexsan n Mulay Muḥend nhara ead deg ucal di « tmeḍelin n ccuhada » di Lqahira, waxxa attas d irifyyen xsen ad ttedwer arrimet n wemɣar ɣer tmurt xef yeksi leklata.
MULAY MUḤEND WAR YEMMUT
Waxxa xarebbi d iseggasen yeedun xef temttant n ugldun n arrif, waxxa di tidet tefsi arrimet-nes dg ucal, waxxa fsyen yxsan-nnes di tmurt n Misra maca mulay muhend ead yeddar di twengint n irifiyen, ead yeddar deg umezruy n tneẓbayt, d umenɣi aked uḥewwas xef tmurt d w agla, d tlelli… Mulay muhend s tirrugza d taryast-nnes yeqqim yedder dg umezruy, yeqqim d asafu n tlelli yerɣan di titawin n marra tarwa n arrif, ad yeqqim d-asitem ɣer imal icnin, ad yeqqim d anaruz n tiwcca.


text:
Browsing by Subject
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- TalYa n urbib deg tmeslayt n temnaḍt n Tmellaḥt Tasleḍt tasnalYamkan 1
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- Tamedyazt i tecna Crifa ɣef tmeṭṭut taqbaylit Tasleḍt tasentalant 1
- Tamedyazt n Dawed Äacur d Saâdi Qasi Deg temnaî n At Leqûar (Tasleî n wammud n yisefra) 1
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- Tamedyazt n tmeîîut taqbaylit deg Temnavt n At Raced (taslevt tasentalit) 1


text:
Asmaa Aouattah
Gi Hallowen i nessen iḍ-a, i nettwala gi utilifizyun niɣ x tudmawin n umṣawaḍ, iḥenjiren imeẓẓyanen ttsaran x tudrin, sqarquben, ttnuffuren. Xmi dd-tteffɣen ayt/suy bab n taddart, qqarn-as: Trick or treat. Awal ad ixes ad yini: a nemsefham niɣ a nemɛiyyab. Luxennit tticcen-asen ḥalawa d macca yiẓiḍen niɣ ttmenyat. D tirart ferrḥen zeg-s iḥenjiren, sseɛddan zeg-s akud ikna, ttetten ges ḥalawa. Kul t-aḥenjir-t imken ad inneḍ weḥḥdes x tudrin niɣ ag iḥenjiren-nneɣni niɣ ag ḥedd zi twacult ines.
Tirart-a tsfekkar-aneɣ-dd tirart n Zinnuh Binnuh i tteggen iḥnjiren d tḥenjirin imẓyanen n Tmazɣa gi tfaska n yixef n usggʷas amaynu.
ijjten zi leɛwayed n yixef useggʷas amaynu amaziɣ (Yennayer, Ḥaguza, Iḍ n ussegʷas, atg), d ijjt n tirart qqaren-as gi jjwayeh n Ibeqquyen Zinnuh Binnuh[1]. Yusi-dd yisem-a zeg uɣennij i deg-s ttɣennajen. Ttmunen arbaten d tarbatin n ddcar, ttsaran x tudrin, qqaren zi min qqaren:
Zinnuh binnuh ijjt n turut n yarden amin Yak ad tccar taddart nkum s tesrafin n imendi amin Zinnuh Binnuh ijjt n turut n zzbib amin Yak ad tccar taddart s tqecrurin n ddhen amin Zinnuh Binnuh Ijjt n turut n lluz amin Yak ad tccar taddar nkum s iqurab n lxir amin
Uka amya i x-as ttawin, ssalayen gi leɣnuj mig tteddɛan s lxir. Mala ur d asen ucin ci, ttettren-asen min illan d aɛeffan amaknaw:
Yak Ad akum yuc Rebbi iḥermucen d iqeccura amin
Ttraḥen iḥermucen-nni gerrwen gi ci n teqrabt niɣ d tandut qqaɛ min dasen ɣa ucen. Ttmunen gi ci n umkan iḥiyyed amaknaw ci n umrabeḍ, ttetten din macca-nni niɣ weṭṭan-tt (beṭṭan‑tt) d tiseqqar jer‑asen.
Lɛada ya aqa‑tt xelli deg imukan nneɣni am Leɛyarec, Leqṣer,… qqaren‑as Ḥaguza ɛla ḥsab muk ttsemman tafaska n yixef n usggʷas amaynu gi ci n tmura n Tmazɣa. Deg imukan‑a iḥnejiren ttḥennaken i wudamwen‑nsen lefḥem gguren gi zznaqi ttettren aren, timellalin, min ma. Ssmunan‑t ar ci n temɣart tssewjad‑asen zzeges tarɣifin, ssfenj, …
Gi Leqbayel, iḥnjiren d tḥnjirin ɣemmsen i wudm s lmask, ttnuquren gi ddcar, tettren ssfenj, timsemnin d min yiẓiḍen. S lmask nni i tteggen ddaren-asen i yinni d tinni immuten tiduri n tudert, amxmi aqa-ten akidsen.
Mala nerzu ɣir gi Wikipedia x lasel n Hallowen nɣelli x wudamwn‑nneɣni n umrawas jer n Zinnuh Binnuh d Trick ar treat. Aṭṭaṣ n luṣul i ɣres a lɛada n Hallowen. Azgen ameqqran deg‑sent zgurent ddin amasiḥi, min ɣa tteqqnen yallah aseggʷas n 609. Ijjen zi luṣul‑a issedhac s umrawas ines ag min nttegg gi Tmazɣa xmi itteffeɣ useggʷas, ittadef wenneɣni. Isiltiyyen n Irlanda, Iskusya d Tgzirt n Man, ila tteggen Hallowen (s ismawen nneɣni, zzegsen Samhain) deg ixef n useggʷas‑nsen ila dd‑ittasen gi 31 ktubar xmi tettsala tmegra d ulqaḍ d ujmaɛ n lmakul. Asali n useggwas iqqen ɣresen ɛawed ar wufuɣ n wussan iḥḥman d wadaf n yenni iṣṣemmaḍen. Am waydud amaziɣ (d marra ayduden n umaḍal) ttbeddan ɣer‑s s leɛyawed i zzges issemɣuren, d lfal i yimal d tuttra n tkuni. Iwdan immuten ittili ɣer‑sen deg wass‑nni ccan d ameqqran, Buḥbel‑nsen ittẓur tamurt. S uyenni ttafen taẓewḍa‑nsen n macca niɣ d amkan nsen ag tɣarɣart iwjed (amaknaw min tteggen di ci n imukan imaziɣen gi Yennayer). Zi ssin d tsawent dewlen iwdan iddren lessen am imettinen niɣ swessaxen udem nsen gguren gi zznaqi sslaqan wi gi ɣa kken. Imeẓyanen sqarquben x tudrin ttettren macca, amuk das‑tteggen iḍa. Gi lweqt‑nni, ila tticcen‑asen lluz, taɣyayt, zzbib…
Din bezzaf n wussan mig nettaf iḥenjiren d tḥenjirin gi tmurt‑nneɣ tteffɣen berra, tettren s leɣnuj amaknaw gi tuttra n wenẓar. Zi ila ttefɣent ges tɛezriyyin gi tiwsi d tameqqrant, zi ci n wakud aɣil ad, dewlent ttefɣent ges tḥamucin timeẓyanin s teslit n tfara, taddart manis ɣa kkent ad asent‑ucen ssin min iktaben, ad tent‑ruccent s waman.
Qqaren qa:
Gi Tmazɣa niɣ gi tmura n Hallowen, tuttra n macca iggi‑tt laẓ. Iḥermucen n twaculin min ɣer ur illi deg ufus ttettren nnit min ɣa ccen. Amya i tebda tenfust, zi ssin tedwel d lɛada d tadelsant. Imhajaren n Irlanda d Iskusya ar Umurikan d Kanada, d netnin i din iwwin lɛada ya.
Mux ma igga lḥal, amrawas n lɛada ya zi tmurt ar tenneɣni ijebbed taynit.
[1] Din wi qqarn qa awalen usin dd zi “Bonnes année”


text:
Taserwest ɣer Tmaziɣt n « AGIM N WUḌAN D YIḌ » (Asuneḍ I)
Taserwest ɣer Tmaziɣt n wedlis « AGIM N WUḌAN D YIḌ » yella-d s yimru n Khaber Amar. Amaru-ya yexdem d aselmad di tudert-is. Ilul deg tɣiwant n Yimceddalen deg useggas n 1953.
Adlis-a iḥekku-d ɣef yiwen n ugellid yellan yedder deg usammer alemmas, tama n beɣdad ; tamanaɣt n Ɛirak n tallit-nneɣ. Yeṭṭef almi d tegzirin n Hend ak d Cinwa.
Ass mi yemmut ugellid-aya, yeǧǧa-d sin n warraw-is. Yiwen isem-is Cehrayar, wayeḍ Cehzaman. Amezwaru yeḥkem deg umkan n baba-s, ma d wis sin cegɛant ad igelled ɣef temdint n Samerqend.
Agellid Cehrayar, segmi yessen tilufa n ddunit, yerna ɛeddant fell-as, yekker yenɣa akk wid yellan xeddmen u qedcen fell-as deg yiɣrem-ines.
Agellid Cehrayar yessuter seg yiserdasen-is ad as d-ttawin yal iḍ tameṭṭut un nwil deg leɛmar-is. Ad yeqqim yides iḍ akk, tanezzayt ad ttineɣ, Akken almi kfant tulawin di tgelda.
Aɣlif-is Ǧaɛfar, yugad ɣef yiman-is, dɣa yerwel. Imi yewweḍ s axxam, temmugrit-id yelli-s Cehrazad. Tewhem d acu t-yuɣen. Yerna yegguma ad s-yeḥku.
Ass mi tales asteqsi-s, tetthawat-it, yuɣal yenna-as.
Din i texdem rray Ceharazad i wakken ad ttesemneɛ iman-is d teqcicin tiyaḍ neɣ ad temmet.
Tessuter si baba-s i wakken ad tt-yawi s Agellid Cehrayar, win ineqqen tulawin-is. Di tazwara, Baba-s yugi, maca yuɣal yewwi-tt.
Seg iḍ amezwaru almi d wis agim, Cehrazad tḥekku timucuha i Wgellid Cehrayar. Tessedha-t s tmucuha Segmi ur tt-yenɣi ara.
Slimane Chabane
« AGIM N WUḌAN D YIḌ » Asuneḍ I (Tome I). Khaber Amar. Tizrigin (Edition) “El Amel” 2016.


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Ass-a i tebda lḥemla n wuẓẓu n ccjer. Aṭas n tdukliwin i yekkan di lḥemla-ayi n wuẓẓu n isekla di tamiwin yemgaraden. Nezmer ad d-nebder tidukla n Sedduq i d-yesfayden 50 000 n isekla i wuẓẓu. Iswi-nnsen d asnerni di lɣella n uzemmur akked tazart imi deg iseggasen-ayi ineggura lɣella n uzemmur akked tazart txus s waṭas.
{{C.W.}}
Bgayet: Lḥemla n wuẓẓu n isekla tebda
Ass-a i tebda lḥemla n wuẓẓu n ccjer. Aṭas n tdukliwin i yekkan di lḥemla-ayi n wuẓẓu n isekla di tamiwin yemgaraden. Nezmer ad d-nebder tidukla n Sedduq i d-yesfayden 50 000 n isekla i wuẓẓu. Iswi-nnsen d asnerni di lɣella n uzemmur akked tazart imi deg iseggasen-ayi ineggura lɣella n uzemmur akked tazart txus s waṭas.


text:
Taɣardayt tiɣri i tudert
Tajmilt seg ul i wid yaɣlin di twilayt n Ɣardaya , i twaculin-nsen i umi tezza tassa , nessaram d akken yal yiwen deg-nneɣ ad iyili d amnay n tifrat i twaɣit-a, naɛya si lmmut n laɣdar, naɛya deg yiḍan yettidiren s imeṭṭawen-nneɣ, melmi a nuɣal a nidir i tmurt-nneɣ ?
Ayen yarɣan di tsiswa
Laḥzen d Imeṭṭi tiregwa
Di tmurt yeččan arraw-is
Lbaṭel ibed-d yeqwa
Afeddix ur yufi dwa
Aqraḥ yewwet iẓuran-is
Yiwet tmurt yiwet nekwa
Neddar ɣef teẓrumezt ur ɣ-ihwa
Ur neẓri ma d-yenfel lqaɛ-is
Ajajiḥ yuɣ deg ( i)jdi
Yedda fell-as tirni
Yal axxam yewwḍ-it
Argaz neɣ ilemẓi
Amɣar azemni
Tamettant tewwi-t
Deg unezruf yaɣli
ur nezri a cimi
fell-aɣ tegguni twaɣit
Lmmut n ddɣel fell-aɣ yura?
Nettmettat ur nesɛi aẓekka
Di tmurt i n-ḥemel
Ini-yi-d d-acu n sebba?
Ayɣar deg aɛrur i nečča tiyita
Acku wid d-yusan a ɣ-yemmel
Amgired d ansay ugama
Tesɛiḍ yemma-k SɛIɣ yemma
Maca Tamurt a ɣ-tesdukel
Win yebɣan ger-a-nneɣ beṭṭu
Di tmurt n argazen ur n-kennu
Xas yelli adlis n cfawat
Acḥal n unekcum d ucengu
Aẓar-nneɣ yebɣa a t- imḥu
Azaglu yeǧǧa-d ccamat
Deg ubrid n yugurten a neddu
Ar tansa n tdukli a nejbu
Timuzɣa tcebḥ-itt tzemmurt tezdayt
Dahmani Bilal


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Taswast tanayyurt
Taswast tanayyurt d taswast i d-immalen azemz s unect n talɣa n wayyur, anda deg tuget n tegnatin d wakuden ayyur yessemtay (ibeddu) ɣef tmeẓriwt tamaynut n wayyur amedya deg teswast tineslemt, taswast tehibṛut, taswast tacenwit d taswast tahendit yeggunin yakk ɣef tuzzya n wayyur
Taswast tanayyurt tettwassen d akken-it tga d tanzagt i yesri wayyur i wakken ad ifakk 12 n tuzzyiwin ɣef tegnit, yal yiwet n tuzzya tettgi-d yiwen n wayyur anayyur (29 ar 30 n wussan acku yiwet tuzzya tanayyurt ɣef tegnit tettaṭṭaf 29.530588 n wussan, neɣ ayen yegdan 29 n tesragin d 44 n tesdarin d 2.8032 n tsinin), ma d 12 n tuzzyiwin -nni teṭṭafent 354.367056 n wussan ayen yennumken d akken aseggas anayyur meẓẓiyen s wazal n 11 n wussan (10.875 s talɣa tufrint) ɣef useggas anafuk yettwagunin deg teswast tagrigurt
Taswast tanayyurt tettwaguni d amsektay anakud deg teswast tineslemt deg wesɣan ineslem


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Ayen i d-iḍerrun di tmeddurt n yal ass, di tmurt n yeqbayliyen ussan-agi, yessefk ɣef weqbayli yellan deg umussu i yekkaten ɣef Timanit n Tmurt n Yeqbayliyen ad issiwel i yal aqbayli, akken ad yewwet ɣef ayla-s. Ass-a kra n win neY n tin yerran ad innaɣ ɣef teqbaylit-is, yessefk ad yeddakel d win yettxemimen am netta. Yessefk ad yekcem di kra n tuddsa neɣ ɣer umussu-agi.
Di tallit nella ass-a, tewwi-d fell-aɣ a neddukel ɣef tiktiwin ara yesselḥun tamurt n yeqbayliyen ɣer zdat. Ma yella ur d-neskin udem n tmurt n yeqbayliyen, ulamek ara nemyieqal d atmaten. Dɣa, i wakken yal aqbayli amagday ad yesdakkel tazmert-is ar tin umagday i t-yecban, yessefk ad mlilen deg umussu-agi; i wakken ad tifsus taekemt ɣef imeɣnasen n teqbaylit. Ma ara as-d-nerr udem-is i tmurt n yeqbayliyen i as-igga umezruy, a n-reṣṣi tigejdit n lebni n tmurt n yeqbayliyen.
Dɣa, ma begsen-d yerna ttikin yeqbayliyen, akken ara tili tdukli, d tafat, d talwit di tmurt. Tamurt n yeqbayliyen ma ara as-d-yuɣal wudem-is, taqbaylit ma ara tekcem di tmeddurt n yal ass, tugdut, tilelli tigejdanin, izerfan n wemdan, a d-glun s tafat.
Ass-nni tiqbayliyin akked yeqbayliyen ad uɣalen d nutni ara yesselḥun tamurt, s tlelli-nnsen d yiseɣ-nnsen i deg ad d-afen ayen i saramen.


text:
nɣelyaḍVB [nɣelyaḍ]
tâtonner; chercher de tous côtés avec anxiété; flâner, errer
Flexions nɣelyaḍnɣelyaḍen ttenɣelyaḍet ittenɣelyaḍ ttenɣelyaḍen tenɣelyaḍeḍ tenɣelyaḍem inɣelyaḍen tettenɣelyaḍeḍ tettenɣelyaḍem ittenɣelyaḍen nɣelyaḍemt tenɣelyaḍ nɣelyaḍent ttenɣelyaḍemt tettenɣelyaḍ ttenɣelyaḍent nɣelyaḍ yenɣelyaḍ tenɣelyaḍemt ttenɣelyaḍ yettenɣelyaḍ tettenɣelyaḍemt nɣelyaḍeɣ nenɣelyaḍ yenɣelyaḍen ttenɣelyaḍeɣ nettenɣelyaḍ yettenɣelyaḍen nɣelyaḍet inɣelyaḍ
Sources nɣelyaḍ
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982


text:
Loreen
Loreen isem-is unṣib d (Lorine Zineb Nora Talhaoui). Tlul deg 1983. D yiwet n tnaẓurt Tamaziɣt n ccna meqren ig ttidiren di tmurt n Sswid.
Tudert[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tluled tcennayt Loreen ass n 16 Tuber asegwas 1983 (Agem, mraw tza d tamet krad) di temdint n Amur-Akuc (Marrakech) di tmurt n Lmarruk deg yiwet n twacult Tamaziɣt, vava-s d yemmas isin idsen d-imaziɣen icelḥiyen.
- Asegwas n 2004 turar Loreen di "Idol" lqem asuwidi n tedwilt American Idol
- Asegwas n 2005 tessufɣed tizlit "Snake" aked ugraw n Rob'n'Raz.
- Ass n 26 di mayu 2012, Loreen tebwi araz amezwaru di temzizzelt n euro vision di temdint n BAKU tamurt n Azerbayiǧan.
Aḍebsaru[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- 2005 : The Snake aked Rob'n'Raz
- 2011 : My Heart is Refusing Me (Uṭun wis tza 9 di Sswid)
- 2011 : Sober
- 2012 : Euphoria
- TBD : She's The One


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20 iseggusa n twiza jar imussnawen, ḥima ad awḍen ad ssaresen lxariṭa tamezwarut n weɣrad (univers) s min day-s!
Ijjen uswizi d ameḍlan tcarek dag‑s Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), tiweḍ s ijjen Tiliskup ad tekkes tallest x imazellawen (galaxys) d marwes itran (Quasar). Manaya yuru-dd ijen n lxariṭa-3D ɛemmar‑s ma tuɣa-tt tedja! lxariṭ‑ya mrint‑idd imussnawen deg wass n rḥedd 19.07 di 20 Imegraden (Artiklen).
EPFEL tenna belli lxariṭa‑ya carkent day-s kṭar zi 30 n Isinagen (instituts), ggin-tt deg ijjen wemkan semman‑t « Sloan Digital Sky Survey » deg Umarikan, senni i tebda Tarezzut s ijjen Tiliskum d ameqqran!
Lxariṭa‑ya ataf tettban-dd amecnaw mamek dag‑s di bidyu‑ya, wanita maca yettwag di 2012. Day-s yalleh 400,000 n imazellawen.
Asenfar-a (Projet) nzemmar ad zzay-s nedwer ad nessen mamec tuɣa yella ujenna 11 milyar iseggusa zik, mamek izemmar ad d-yarr x waṭṭas n iseqsan, am mamek tebda tudart.
Aṭṭas iseqsan i tuɣa d tiwafitin, am inirji (énergie) abarkan i xef yessiwel Einstein, bdan ad xaf‑sen tareɣ Tfawt.
BBC, SWR, EPFL


text:
Taklit
taklit d awal i ttaken i tmeṭṭṭut yettidiren amzun tezweğ d yiwen n urgaz yzewğen d temyercalt tunsibt .argaz yezmer ad yesɛu xilla n taklitin .
tigi d argaz i tent-yuwin i as-t-yettaken idriment axeddim*-nsen yettwaqbel seg ugdud
amezruy[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
deg umezruy adrigi aqbur yeɛmed Homer i (( les heros )) ines as sɛun yiwet n temyercalt d xilla n taklitin .ilaq tamyercalt ad tesɛu azar iqbel-t usaduf (lqanun ) ,d leqdic io qeddcent deg uxxam n bab-is s,ilaq ad ttili d tamekdit i urgaz-is, ma txdeɛ ,argaz yettwaxedɛen yesɛa azref ad ineɣ di lexla-s tin i t-ixedɛen ama d tamyercalt ama d taklit .
di tmetti taɛrabt , agellid neɤ anesbaɤur yezmer ad yesɛu lḥaram, anda ad d-yextir taklit i s-yebɣa ama d tineslemt neɣ ala .
di Ccinwa,i wakud meqqren ,ltella tirregza s wacḥal n tlawin d taklitin ukud yettidir . deg wakud n umenkud acinwat urarent taklitin deg wannar n tsertit akka am taklit wu zetian igelden amenkud-a . di 1949 ugin yicuyuɜiyen annecta .
di siam (assa d Thaïlande), irgazen zemren zad sɜun zxilla n tlawin , ttnuzunt am sselɜat , akka am dderya-nsent. Tamyercalt tagejdant uer tettnuzu ara
ɣer yimaziɣen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
am tmettiyin imaziɣen llan-t gar-asen taklitin yiwen am ugellid Yugerten d mmi-s n taklit ; yiwen am ugellid Firmus yella yesɛa xilla n watmaten d arraw n taklitin . uqbel ad d-kcem tneslemt llan sɛan akk taklitin yebder-d umezruy xilla n tullisin ɣef taglidtin daxel n teɣremt tamaziɣt ad-d nebder :
- agellid mas-nsen yennuɣ d urumani Sibyun ɣef taklit Sufunizb
- agellid Yugerten d mmi-s n taklit taqertajit
- agellid Yugerten yenɣa gma-s Himsal mi yella ɣer yiwet n taklit
- agellid Firmus xilla n watmaten-is d arraw n taklitin
- agellid Bugud yerra tamyercalt-ines Unwi am teklit i qayser
- agellid Yebdas kksen-as akk taklitin is mi tfuk tegrawla-s
D xilla n tmucuha-nniden fella-sent mi d-kcem Tineslemt atas n taklitin i yellan di teɣremt n yumawiyen llant d timaziɣin umawiyin llan ttwasnen s tayri n taklitin xas akken tineslemt tugi aya . ula d ɣer yiɛebbasiyen yella-d way-agi yemma-s n Lxalifa wis sin Lmensur yemma-s d tamaziɣt
ula gar yimaziɣen gar-asen llan waklan d taklitin ur tekfi ara tmacahut a armi id-yekcem ucengu afransis .
ass-a[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
di Ccinwa, mi ɜeddant 20 sna ɣef ulday ademsan , les icinwaten inesbaɣuren uɣalen ɣer teqdimin ttaɣen tisunnayin ɣlayen ixxamen d xilla n tullas. Kran n temdinin akka am tin n Cinzin . tesɛa ayen i wumi qqaren tuddar n taklitingar-asent timsdurar ixussen seg unẓul n Cenghay , d taklitin meqqren i win yesɛan xilla n yidrimen llant azal n 100000 n taklitin deg yiwen n uwanek kand win n Gwangdung tama n hong kong
di tbibelyt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
di tibibelt, brahim yesɛa taklit d Hajer .d tamyercalt-ines Sara i as-tt-yefkan akken ad d-arew amekkasu.ur-tt-yuɤ ara Brahim maca cerken axxam akken id-nna ccariɛa tudayt . tesɛa-d Yesmaɛil ardekal turew-d ula d Sara Isḥaq imiren tenna-as ad ten-isuffeɣ seg uxxam ad ten yawi ɣer Tnira .


text:
Alili
Alili (Assaɣ amassnan Nerium oleander) iga yan wanaw n tddagin, d llan kigan n wanawn yaḍni ɣ yat tawja macc alili a bahra i ttussann. Iga ammɣay i mmu iggut ustci d iga anakram (anakram: immɣayn iɣ illa ustci) ar ittili kigan ɣ igʷmmaḍ n isaffn, d ar ittili ɣ tmizar yuggan ill umlil amjahdi ar Ccinwa.
Asnuml n tddagt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iga wlili yat taddagt mẓẓin tamazrayt ar tlkkm tiɣzi ns gr 2 d 6 n id mitru, d ar itteṭṭaf kigan n igjja. Ifrawn n taddagt ad gan uqmirn ṭṭafn ixf imsadn, ar ttisdidn ɣ uzddar, tzur, udm ns n uflla izgzaw kigan d udm n uzddar tazgzut ns tdrus.
D tzgzaw bdda taddagt.
Ajjig[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ijjign n ulili gan imjahdin s uklu umlil nɣ-d azwiwɣ nɣ-d amagẓay, d illa gisn ustci kigan.
Tamawalt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Ill umlil amjahdi = البحر الأبيض
- Tamazrayt = معمرة
- Uqmirn = ضيقون
- Amagẓay = ارجواني


text:
Tadɣaɣat
Tadɣaɣat (Assaɣ ussnan: Mustela) d yiwen n uɣersiw yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tedɣaɣatin deg tfesna n temsuksumin, dɣa tawsit-a dges azal n 18 n telmas.
Tilmas[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Tadɣaɣat n izawaɣen (Mustela eversmanii)
- Tazgaga (Mustela subpalmata)
- Tadɣaɣat tamezdit (Mustela Nivalis
- Abizun (Mustela lutreola)
- Tareddi (ustela erminea)
- Anessas neɣ Aɣerda n urtan (Mustela putorius furo)
- Tadɣaɣat n wedrar (Mustela altaica)
- Tadɣaɣat muzagur imzerreg (Mustela strigidorsa)
- Tadɣaɣat n Sibirya (Mustela sibiricasibirica)


text:
Lmettwet
Friedrich Nietzsche - Der tolle Mensch
Segmi aṭas n widak yellan din ur ttamnen ara yakk s Rebbi, ṛwan deg-s taḍṣa, ssekren fell-as ṭṭayhuh s tkeekuein.
Yessen abrid meqqar? I t-yesteqsa yiwen gar-asen, yeereq-as webrid am llufan? I d as-d-yerna wayeḍ. NeY ahat yeffer kan taqerrut-is? D nekkni i yugad? Yerkeb taflukt ahat? Ibeddel tamurt?
Yezmer wemdan ad iYil d tafaska usuYu, taḍṣa d weskeerer i yellan din.
Ihi lmettmet-nni yebbehban yekcem-itt gar-asen almi tt-id-yewwi di tlemmast-nsen, yeẓẓa allen-is deg wallen-nsen akken ma llan wa deffir wayeḍ, yečča-ten s tezlemt.
Sanda yuYal qessam Rebbi? "I isuY," tram ad teẓrem anida-t?
Waaaa d nekkni i t-yenYan - Nekk yid-wen!
Wa d nekkni i yessafgen leemer-is! Maca, amek akka i t-nenYa ay argaz leali?
Amek akka nessaweḍ nerra ilel(lebḥer) yeqqur?
Anwa i d aY-yeqqnen timeḥremt-agi swayes nesfeḍ agemmaḍ zdat wallen-nneY?
D acu nuqem eni, mi akken d-nefsi imurar yeqqnen tiYerYert-agi iYef nteddu Yef yiṭij-is? Sani tteddu tura? Sani nteddu nekkni?
D tarewla Yef yal d iṭij?
D ahmal kan Yer zdat i d-yeqqimen?
Rnu timendeffirt, tibenyidist, timmezdat d uṣekkek yes-sent di 14?
Tegra-d ar tura iḥeqqa tinna n yiwen n at Wadda, wayeḍ n at Ufella?
Mačči d abrid n wulac war taggara i nuY?
Mačči d asbecbec n yilem i wumi nettak tameẓẓuYt?
Mačči d ssmaḍiḥ wigi d-yeYlin fell-aY?
Mačči yezga yiḍ yerna teYzi?
Mačči yessefk ad yessiY wemdan ikankilen deg uzal qayli?
I ṭṭrad-nni yesker win yeqqazen iẓekwan, winna imeḍlen Rebbi, ngum nesla i wacemma seg uhetwir-is?
I wesṭeeṭee uYerrus n Rebbi, ngum d-yewwiḍ s anzaren-nneY? Ula d irebbiten ttfuḥun!
Rebbi tewwi-t tmettant! Ad yeqqim deg iciwi n tmettant! Yerna d nekkni i d as-ikersen tiyersi!
Amek ara nekkes tuzzmiwin Yef wulawen-nneY, nekkni s widak yessafgen iqerra i iqebbaḍen n lerwaḥ akken ma llan?
Tafat n tudert, win d-yezgan sennig kra yellan seg wasmi d-yecfa wemdan i yemma-s n ddunit, ssexnunsen-t deg idammen-is ijenwiyen-nneY yentan deg-s – Anwa wagi seg-neY ara isefḍen idammen-agi?
Amek akka gan waman-agi izemren ad aY-kksen ammus-nneY, ma yella nessared yes-sen?
Anti lexṭiyyat, anta turart at igenwan yessefk a d-nesnulfu?
Ur meqqret ara fell-aY temYer n rraddma-yagi?
Ur yessefk ara fell-aY ad nuYal ula d nekkni d irebbiten, Yas ulamma iwakken kan a d-nettban nbubb iseY?
Weread akk d-teḍra tedyant yugaren tagi yakan - yerna win iran ilul-d zdeffir-neY, amezruy ameqqran ara d-yilin alamma d imiren d ayla n lebYi n tedyant-agi!
YuYal yessusem lmettmet yerna yessaked daYen widak la d as-isellen. Ula d nutni ssusmen, ssakaden deg-s, ttwehhimen kan.
Ay a lxir yerfed akankil-is s igenni, yessers-it-id Yer tYerYert s wafud, yewwet-it, yebḍa-t. Yexsi mi akken yebḍa d iceqfan yeṣṣeeṣeen, yefrurin, yuYen yal tama.
"WwḍeY-d zik", i d asen-yenna, "zwareY-d akud, mačči d tagi i d tallit ideg yessefk a d-aseY".
Agejdur-agi yeḍran atan ar tura yettawi yettarra yerna yettcali ger tmura, weread d-ideḥḥes iman-is alamma d imeẓẓuYen n yemdanen. Lebraq d rrɛud ḥwağen akud, tafat n yetran teḥwağ akud, tidyanin iḍerrun ilmend n wesbani d tmesla, Yas ḍrant yakan, ḥwağent akud.
Tadyant-agi d-yezgan seg yetran akin ar tura tebeed-iken - yerna tuqmem yiwet am nettat, ih.
Ttmeslayen-d fell-as lmettwet-nni, aṭas n leğwamee irumyen iYer yedderbez ass-nni, yules-asen-d ccna n tezlit-nni yella icennu deg wezniq d ssuq.
Yerna yessekcem-asen-d deg wawal-is ameslay Yef usentel-a, mi akken d asen-yeqqar: "Leğwamee-agi irumyen, ma mačči d iẓekwan n Rebbi d teblaḍin-nsen tireqmanin i yellan, d acu zemren ad ilin ihi?"


text:
Deg wayen yerzan amennuɣ mgal tejrimt, imsulta d yimestulen gan tigermanin deg yigmamen n tmaneɣt akken ad nnaɣen mgal talɣiwin yegerraden n tejrimt, ɣef wakken ay d-yenna ulɣu-a, am wakken ay d-yerna dakken timhal-a ssawḍent ɣer wabbaẓ n mennaw n yimdanen aydeg cikken derwen deg usetti n tehyufin, yernu yella-d wabbar n tehyufin (lkif, ččucna), tiɛeqqacin n leɛqel d yimrigen imellalen.
Deg wayen yerzan asefrey, ffɣen yimeẓla n temsulta d temsetla ɣer unrar, ɣer wuggugen n ubrid, akken ad sfreyen inehhaṛen, ladɣa ilemẓiyen, ɣef uzrak n ungal n ubrid i uḥraz n tmeddurin, ɣef wakken ay d-yerna uɣbalu-a.


text:
Inna nnayeb ameqqran ɣer useqqim n tenbḍayt n Legzayer belli iggur ad ggen ijjen udiklari maḥend ad sbedden aṭṭas n yewdan i yettwalan ɣer-sen fus aked ikemmuḍen i teẓra Leqbayel deg wussan i yeɛdan. Mamec ɣer-sen fus ula aked tmenɣiwt n ij n uḥudri umi qqaren Jamal Ben Smaɛil. Zeg yewdan-a yina nettaf Ferḥat Mhenni, aselway n Unavaḍ n Leqbayel.
Nnayeb-nni inna belli din 29 n yewdan aqqa rewlen, ca zzag-sen aqqa-ten di ca n tmura-nniḍen. Issitem zi tmura ad mɛawanent aked Legzayer bac ad as-sellment iwdan-nni i xef-trezzu. Mamec tenna Legzayer ɛawed belli tessidef 83 n yewdan zi 88 ɣer-sen fus di tmenɣiwt n uḥudri-ya.
Zeg ijjen uɣezdis-nniḍen. Ifser-dd wuma n Kamira n Ayt Sɛid belli yumayen zeg wami lux wer tettbin wer das-ufin later. Gg°den imeɣnas di Leqbayel a tili adabu n Lezzayer d netta i yeṭṭfen Kamira. Ad as-slesqen ca n ttuhmet i yeqqnen ɣer tɣuni-nnes aked « MAK » i tettḥsab Legzayer d amussu n « ubelsigg°ed ».


text:
Tura‑tt: Yasmina El Jaouari
Zid a neɛqeb ɣer lalla Buya, ḥuma a dd-nerr lɛez-nneɣ
Ami ttuɣa-nneɣ d imeẓẓyanen d timeẓẓyanin, ttuɣa lebda netmenɣa necc d tarwa n ɛwazizi d ɛwanti x wi ɣa yeṭṭsen zat i ḥenna; ḥuma ad isel mliḥ i tḥajit-nni i daneɣ-ɣa-tɛawed; ḥuma ad yecc ṭṭerf isebḥen n tyaẓit n ḥajit u majit i ɣa tferq qbel ma ad tebda ad tɛawed. Mecḥal i daneɣ-tɛawed x Ḥemmu leḥraymi, miɣis-nni iɣelben Tamẓa d yessis, x Maɣiɣda d mecḥal imeṭṭawen idd-teɣḍel x sseɛd-nni i wer tufi, d Nunja umi xef kkin-tt d timeqranin.
Ak lweqt, nemɣar, uca mɣernt aki-nneɣ d deg-neɣ tḥuja-nni. Xmi deg-sent nettfekar ttbanant maci d ca n lḥajet d tameqrant. Tbanant am ca n wawal neslehha zeg-s iḥenjiren imeẓẓyanen waha. Maca mara nxarres mliḥ, tiḥuja-nni semmalent-aneɣ mamec ittxarres ijj n weydud, mamec ittwara tudart. Rni‑dd x‑as ssakʷaḍent‑idd mamec yemɣar uxarres n imezwura ar ɣer-nneɣ. Tinfas n tiqdimin nitenti d ijj n tusna tameqrant n temɣarin, sseɣrent zeg-sent imeẓẓyanen ḥuma ad ssnen tadelsa-nsen.
Tḥajit n tenfas-ni tgaɛɛed ɣer ijj n lweqt ttuɣa aydud iɛdel x temɣart, x tadelsa n takuct-tayemmatt. Iyduden ttuɣa-ten unḍen x temɣart, amecnaw ass-a xmi nettenned x temɣart tameqrant n taddart ḥuma a nsel i tussna tameqrant i kid-nneɣ tcarrek. Tussna-ni aṭṭas i yurzun ad tt-nɣen zi tnezmart n targazt (tapatriarkit), ɣer ddin, d ukapitalism, d uḥewwes (colonialism). Ḥuma ad ḥazen tamɣart d tusna-nnes, d mamec i tettwala timeslayin n upulitik d yedles, ɣer aɣirin. Ḥuma ad sessqaren tamɣart, ad ssusmen axarres-nnes, d iman-nnes(organe ?).
Aṭṭas zeg wami, di neolitic, di lweqt n waydud agaman ( société naturelle), ttuɣa iyduden ttiɛicen di tmunt (jmaɛet), mkul bnadem zi jmaɛet-nni ixedem ḥuma ad tedder. Ttuɣa tamɣart tella di rwest n jmaɛet, nettat i isselmaden tamusni, d tudart. Deg weydud-a i di tban tdelsa n takuct-tayemmat. Ass‑a nessen belli tadelsa-nni ttuɣa‑t di marra iyduden n neolitic, mamec i daneɣ tesselmad lxedmet n tantrupulujt (anthropologue) Marija Gimbutas. Ḥuma a nefhem mayemmi i dd‑tban tdelsa-ni, ixessa a nessen belli tamɣart nettat i yeslemden i tewdaniyt tafellaḥt; zid x-as nettat i dd‑ittejjan iḥenjiren, zi minzi iyduden sgeɛɛden tamɣart ɣer wemkan n takuct, ttuɣa ttwalan deg‑s tussna i ten‑ɣa‑yejjen ddren. Ɣer yeyduden iqdimen ttuɣa dini ijj uceddi d ameqqran jer « tamɣart-agama-tawdanit ».
Nettaf ɛad tadelsa n takuct-tayemmat deg wansay (coutume) Imaziɣen d Tmaziɣin. Amecnaw ɣer Twareg, aydud ixemmlen tadelsa-ya di tniri-nsen (sseḥra) i yeggʷjen x tdelsa n tpatriarkit. Ttwalan Tin Hinan d yemma‑tsen, taqdimt-nsen tamezwarut i ten-dd-yejjin. Tamɣart ɣer-sen tettixḍar mamec i txes a temlek, d wiked ɣa temlek. Di lweqt aqdim ( Antiquité), Imaziɣen d Tmaziɣin ttuɣa ɛebbden aṭṭas n takucin. Am Tanit, takuct n tayri d tarwa, iḥettan tamdint n Qertaj. Ami dd‑tiwwed tapatriarkit ɣer tmurt n Imaziɣern, zeg Ifinisien, takuct-a temrec s bessif akuc-ababt Baɛl-Ḥammun, am cnaw ijj n ḥajet i daneɣ‑issmalen tanezmart tamezwarut n tapatriarkit x temɣarin iweqɛen ɣer unegga n neolitic. Takuct Tanit iḥettan imiɣisen, ttuɣa resmen‑tt am Delta, tegga am ufus. Astraté nettat d takuct-tayematt taɛezriyt, ttuɣa Imaziɣen iqdimen tticen-as amenzu-nsen. Ifri, takuct n tfukt tamjahdtzeg‑s i tettwasma Africa. Ɣer Pline deg udelis-nes Histoire naturelle, yura « ttuɣa ula d ijjen deg Wafrica tarumaniyt, wer itteg ca n lḥajet, niɣ iqqar ca n lḥacet, bra ma ad ilaɣa x Wafrica ». Di Timgad, ttuɣa-tt d takuct n tmmurt. Timazunin (les amazones) tilibiyin ɣer Diodore n Sicile, issawal x ijj n jmaɛet n temɣarin timjahdin ttuɣa ttɛicent ag weydud n waṭlantis. Iyunaniyyen ttuɣa-ten ttɛejben di tmɣarin-nni, i yennayen x yeksan i yessnen i wemquṭṭes (Lḥerb). Ttuɣa ttɛicent jer-asent waha, wer mellkent ca. Mara ca n ijt zeg‑sent tejja‑dd ca n tḥenjirt ssyamen‑tt ḥuma ad tiri am nitenti. Mara ca n ict tejjed aḥenjir, ttuɣa tticent i yeyduden-neɣnit. Zɛma tamẓa tzemmar ad tili tekka‑dd zi tmazunin minzi deg idelisen n yeyduden‑nneɣnit aɛɛraben niɣ iyunaniyen, ttuɣa wer ttarin ca mliḥ x temɣarin-nni. Ɣer irifiyyen d trifiyin dini Ralla Buya i dd‑iḥeṭan deg izran-nsen, di tmeɣrawin-nsen, aqqa-tt deg iman n irifiyen d trifiyin zi lweqt-ni i wer nzemmar a nessen.
Tussna n takuct-tayemat aqqa‑tt ɛad tedder ak yemma‑tneɣ timeqqranin, deg wawal-nsent d tmusni-nsent.


text:
Le Rifain
Yenhezz ddcar n Bensekraw deg Ugadir s yijjen ɣezzu d ameqqran yegga-t yijjen uḥudri zegga i yesseɛdu 15 n iseggusa n lḥebsa.
Ɛlaḥsab min dd-yusin deg usit n Febrayer, aqa aḥudri-ya yizwer-as yenɣa yemma-s s yijjen tekti n uxedmi, umi i dd-tusa ad tfekk amseksi i yemsaren jer-as-dd d umas. Yesseɛdu 15 n iseggusa, uca yus-as-dd leɛfu n ujellid. tnayen n iyuren zeggami i dd-yeffeɣ, iruḥ yenɣa uma-s ɛawed.
Wanit i yenɣin ttuɣa yerwel, maca ɛlaḥsab min dd-yusin deg wawal n yijjen zi ddcar-nni, belli lexxu yettwaṭṭef.


text:
Deg ussan-a imeggura innurẓem ufistibal n sini d twengimt icerken di Nnaḍur (FICMEC Nador).
D amsagar i x-as d-ismunen ca n inaẓuren d Imeɣrabiyen, iwwi-d ɛawed ca n ifilmen i ɣa isseɛda aseggas-a.
Di beddu-nnes, am kul asegg°as, aṭṭas n inaẓuren Irifiyen wer dasen-iɛjib bu lḥal x usinef i dasen-ittegg ufistibal-a wa. Qqaren ila afistibal-a « wer dasen-itterri bu taynit, waxxa netta ittwagg di Nnaḍur ».
Mamec qqaren ila « ixess ad iwwec addur d amezwaru i inaẓuren n Arrif. Mamec ɛawed i ɣa issreɣ tifawin x lexdayem i itteggen kul aseggas ».
Asegg°as-a temsar ij n ḥajet ca n ddegg, ij n ufilem d aquḍaḍ qqaren-as « aɣennij n ddnub », issufeɣ-t-id Xalid Meɛdur, irar dag-s Mimun Zanun, Siliya Ziyani d Muniya Meẓyani. Artistat-a d umessufeɣ-a i ixedmen x lxedmet-a ttuɣa wer ḥḍiren s merra idsen di lweqt mani afilem-nnsen ila iɛedda deg ufistibal.
Kṭer zi manaya, ila wer ssinen ila afilem-nnsen ad yeɛda beɛda deg ufistibal. Min ijjin artistat-a qqimen reẓmen aqemmum. Meɛdur, i yellan d amessufeɣ n ufilem-a aquḍaḍ yemsawaḍ aked tmessugurt n ufistibal-a, maca walu, la d ijjen ma irra-as-d lexbar. Amek d-iwwi lexbar-a Buzeggu Muḥemmed x lḥiḍ-nnes x Facebook.
Munya Meẓyani, i icercen deg ufilem-a tenna : « Ttaciɣ s tfeqqeḥt, axmi wer x-aneɣ ḥessben qqaɛ, ssanafen-aneɣ kul nhar, ḥemdeɣ Rebbi minzi telɛeɣ ɣer ijjen tmurt-nniḍen mani ɣa aciɣ ila nec d bnadem ».
Ch.A i yellan d ijten zi tinni i yeḍfaren tɣawsa-ya, tura-d « Tmaziɣt teqqim d zzwaq waha! aḥeqqa ma zeɛma qqa nesseḥḍar-itt, war day-wem ittɣimi bu lḥal »
Inniḍen nnan-d belli afistibal-a wer ittic bu lhimmet i tarwa n Nnaḍur, iksi zi sini ḥa yisem waha.
Afistibal-a n sini, i yettuqiɛen kul char n Nwanbir zeg useggas, ittili di Nnaḍur, tamedint-a i di wer telli ula d axxam n sini ar nhar-a.


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18 iseggusa zeg wami teԑda twaɣit i ttuɣa tԑic Biya llilet n 24 Febrayer 2004, mani dewlen Ibilajen ameknaw Imzuren, Tmasint d Ayt Qamra d ikerkuren. Aya yus-d s ijjen unhezzi n tmurt i yewwḍen 6.5 x sellum n Richter, mani ca n 1000 n yewdan i yemmuten, bla ma a nessiwel x ineyzam d iyujilen.
Γer tseԑԑet n tnayen n ssbeḥ, wami ttuɣa iwdan merra ṭṭsen, di ssbeḥ-nni n tlata, tamurt a tebda a tecḍeḥ, min ijjin ccḍiḥ-a n tmurt di lweqt-a tanita ad yejj aṭṭas n imettinen, ha inni min xef terdel taddart, ha inni min xef tuḍa ca n ḥajet, qqimen nnuɣen.
Midden wer ufin di tseԑԑatin timezwura wi ten ɣa iɣaten, bla ca n tzemmar n yewdan ig inejmen, d ca n tmesmunin d ijemmuԑen n midden i yeggin fus-nnsen ataɣ ad snejmen ca n ijjen niɣ ca n icten ԑad tedder.
Aked ṭṭiya n tfawt, d lḥal infrara, ad banen ibilajen i yeccin aԑmud aṭṭas, Ayt Qamra 203 n midden i g-s immuten, teḍfar-it-id Imzuren s 165 n umettin, Ayt Ɛebḍella s 90 n umettin, Imrabṭen s 107 n umettin, Ayt Yusef Uԑli s 64 n umettin, Rrwaḍi mmuten dag-s 24. Di ledcur a naf 58 immuten deg Ayt Dawd, ma Izemmuren tnayen n iwdan i dag-s immuten.
Lexbar ḥa iwweḍ, anexliԑ d tigg°di idla x Biya, ula kṭer aked imettinen i ttuɣa yellan mani mma, d tudrin iredlen, maca di Biyya, wer das-yuqiԑ bu ca n txessura n yewdan, xenni imezdaɣ ruḥen wtin tixuzam.
Iwdan kkin llyali timezwura di berra, lweqt ila d asemmiḍ, d wenẓar ttuɣa yeccat, di lweqt-nni Irifiyen ggin tizemmar d timeqqranin bac ad ssiwḍen tiwizawin i midden waxxa ɣer ledcur i yegg°jen, mani ca n ijjen iqqseḥ a din yaweḍ alaḥsab ibriden i ttuɣa yellan d uqlilen.


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Xmi i d-ittakk°aḍ ass n 14 zi febrayer, ttɛeqqaben lemwaḥel d izegg°aɣen. Ulawen mani mma, d tebratin n tmexsa ttilint kṭar. Lɛid-a wanita issemɣaran s tmexsa iban-d d amaynu. Maca mamec ixezzer ddin ɣer tmexsa?
Tabudiyt : Timexsa d abrid n ufaqqi. D Kamasutra ɣer Ihindusiyen
Tettemsagar Tamasiḥit d Tbudit di tneqqiḍt-a di mamec ttwalant timexsa. Deg ilemmuden n Buda, nettaf tira n bnadem nitenti qqnent ɣeruweddeb. Maḥend ad imsuluḥ bnadem aked uya, ixess-as ad igg tisebḥanin. Zi tmegga-ya tisebḥanin xminni netta ɣa yuɛla x tismin d imezran n arrimet-nnes.
Timexsa niɣ Karuna di Tbudiyt (Awal n Karuna ixes ad yini ɛawed ula arreḥmet di Tsansekritit) zi tsebḥanin i zi izemmer bnadem ad yenjem zeg uweddeb. Arriḍa ɣer Buda iɛedda ca n tilit n nurmal (existence normale) ḥuma ad yedwel zi tebridin n tmussni. D abrid n ufaqqi s tiṭṭawin n arreḥmet ɣer bnadem d weɣrad (univers) amen yekmel. D arreḥmet bla ma ad trajid zzag-s ca, bla ma ad trajid ca n uqadi x min tegged. S uya, timexsa di Tbudit, d ccɣel tettrinarid lebda ḥuma ad tessurfed tigg°da, ad neqbel min wer nqebbel lebda.
Tabudit d Tmasiḥit tettemsagarent i wesinef i das-teggent i imezran n arrimet. Minzi imezran-a yina, wer daneɣ-ttejjin ca a naweḍ ɣer min nxes. Tahindusit, tettwala nettat ila taqqut d ijjen marka n weɛbad.
Zeg idlisen yettwassnen aṭṭas ɣer Ihindusiyen nettaf Kamasutra, i yettejjan zi mezri d ddsas ḥuma tamurt ad texleq. Manaya xmi ittmuna wakuc Kricna aked wakuc Radha. Taqqut ɣer Ihindusiyen ɣer-s ijjen wemkan yuɛla. Amsemlek jer wakucen yettili d tnezmart ḥuma ad nɛawed axlaq ad neḥḍa tadewwart n tudert d weɣrad. Iwdan xmi ttemlaqqun nitni cerrken deg wexlaq-a uɣris (sacrée), d abrid i zi izemmer bnadem ad iɛulla s ixef-nnes.
Timexsa di Lislam tella jar Leḥlal d Leḥram
Lislam netta wer isrusi ca imezran n arrimet ɣer ṭṭerf. Imezran n bnadem urid ḥram di Lislam, maca ameggaru-ya isrusa aṭṭas n ifilan izegg°aɣen x-as. Yeqqar maḥend ad ṭṭsen tnayen aked wayawya, ixess uɣir ad melken. Timexsa d taqqut (nnikaḥ deg umawal n Lislam) ixess ad ilin s ccreɛ waha. Lemlak d umsaraw ɣer-sen ijjen lfiqeh-nnsen weḥḥed-s.
Awal x tmexsa di Lislam, iqqen s waṭṭas ɣer ḥlal/ḥram. Kul tamzyida di Lislam d mamek tefhem aḍris n Lquran. Din iwdan srusen aṭṭas n tayyut x manaya, ameknaw Isalafiyen, maca din ɛawed imrezzuten ttwalan ila Lislam netta d ddin n tmexsa. Ameknaw Amxarres Adzayri Malek Cibel i yuran aṭṭas n idlisen deg yiger-a. Deg udlis-nnes « miyya n yisem i tmexsa » yenna Cibel Lislam iwwec-as i tmexsa aysum d idammen. Deg ijjen zeg imsawalen-nnes ig yegga iqqar dag-s aqqa Lislam iwca ijjen tlelli d tameqqrant i tudert n taqqut, maca argaz d temɣart ixess ad ilin melken.
Ɛawed yeqqar ila aqqa Lislam netta ittemseddar aked imezran n ddat n bnadem, wer x-asen ittagi ca. Maca Isufiyen imselmen i yuran aṭṭas x tmexsa, ameknaw Lḥellaj, Jalal ddin Rumi d inneɣni.
Inneɣni ttwalan, xmi Lislam isrusa lemlak uɣil x wergaz d temɣart, manaya ittejja ddqel x-asen. Wer dasen-ittic ca tilelli-nnsen ad ggen min xsen.


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D amezwaru ixess-aneɣ ad nedwel ɣer umezruy n Tmasiḥit di Tmazɣa. Umi i d-tettban Tamasiḥit, Imaziɣen ca zzag-sen udfen di ddin-a wa. Aya qbel ma ddewla Tarumanit ad tedwel d tamasiḥit. Tamazɣa maci tessnuju ddin waha, maca tewca iwdan d imeqqranen di ddin n Tmasiḥit ameknaw Saint Augustin (mmis n suq Ahras), Tirtulien. Acal-a wanita, ɛawed issufeɣ-d lxezrat d tamaynut ɣer Tmasiḥit, ameknaw mayen yegga Dunatus. Ɛawed, mamec aryus, ttuɣa ittwala belli wer din mmis n Rebbi. Iqqar ila rebbi, wer ɣer-s bu mmi-s. Tabridt-nnes kkin zzag-s abarru n yiwdan.
Zegga i d-usin waɛɛraben ɣer Tmazɣa, Imasiḥiyen, amek qqaren imerzuten deg umezruy. Dewlen Imasiḥiyen Imaziɣen d imselmen deɣya deɣya, mamec ttwaɛɛarben ɛawed s ijjen tazzla qqimen ɣer-s imerzuten ttbehḍen. Zi lqern n seṭṭac, bdan Iwruppiyen, rniyen Imselmen i yellan di jjihet n yeffus n lebḥer acemlal.
Zi beddu n lqern n wis tseɛṭac ad bdant tiɣuriwin i ɣa ggen Iwruppiyen x wagduden nniḍen, maḥend ad ssnen ilsawen-nnsen, tussna-nnsen, d wamun-nnsen. D mamec ttemsurrufen wagduden, ammu i tebda mayen ittwassnen s « tampiryalit ».
Auguste Moulièras bab n udlis n « Lmuɣrib wer ittwassnen » (le Maroc Inconnu) nettat nican bra ixerriqen. Yenna belli ixess ad nessen Arrif maḥend ad ɣer-s tadef Fransa. Maca manayenni wadji ihwen, aṭṭas n waman i yuzzlen adu ṭṭabla amek qqaren. Spanya s ixef-nnes zegga texsar di Kuba di lqern tseɛṭac, tessres tiṭṭ-nnes x Arrif, txes ad ɣer-s tettadef, zi Mlilet i tebda ijjen lxedmet nniḍen n Ispunya. Waxxa Ispunya zi lebda ttuɣa ɣer-sen imxumbal aked Iqelɛiyen, ɛemmers ma jjin-ten hnan di Mlilet. Aya ad iḍḍuqqez deg umenɣi n Sidi Waryac deg usegg°as n 1893.
Mlilet ɛawed, ttuɣa-tt d arrumpwan n Iruppiyen i yexsen ad d-asen ɣer Arrif, ttuɣa-t d amkan n Ibriṭaniyen d Ifransisen. Dag-s ig immers Sɛid Bulifa i ttuɣa yellan aked ca n Ifransisen maḥend ad raḥen ɣer Meknas ad arin adlis-nnsen i di ssiwlen x Lmuɣrib d lḥal-nnes, mamec ttuɣa din la d ca n Ibriṭaniyen, ggin ijjen lxedmet nniḍen.