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Aɣyul
Aɣyul (illa mad as ittinin Aɣyyul) iga yan ɣ imudar lli ddrnin d ufgan, ar ittaws i middn lli zdaɣnin ɣ udrar ar d ittawi ikccuḍn yawi d aman zɣ wanu.
Aɣyul iga yan umudr ɣ wanaw n wayyis, ar t ssgman mddn, yili yan wanaw yaḍen ittidiren g tagant d isaffen d tnẓruft n tfriqt d asya d imrdal nns. aɣyul yamu g wanaw n iyysan id-emm yan ikfr, yumu g winna issuḍuḍn, ig asmun n umdan aha, ar as ittasey tiɣawsiwin-nnes. ar ttinin i wmeẓẓan n uɣyul asnus.
Tasnazɣuṛt :[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Assaɣ n uɣyyul s tutlayt tarumit (Talatint) igat "Asinus", g tmaziɣt tlla taguri irwasn taguri ad, as tt igan d "Asnus"; Asnus g tmaziɣt igat umẓẓay n uɣyyul nɣ iwis n uɣyyul.


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Athmane Bessalem d yiwen n umastan ilemẓi, u ladɣa d ameɣnas n izerfan n wemdan d teqbaylit, yettekki deg yiwen weskasi yesɛan azal d ameqqran , gar-as d yiwet n tmeṭṭut yettmeslayen s yisem n ukabar isneslem, yessedu BENGRINA win umi qqaren « lebni », ayagi yeḍra-d deg yiwet n Tlizri umi qqaren « SALAM » , tadwilt » ULAC EL MUǦAMALA » neɣ » ULAC ASEMLEḤ » i d-yettheggi Xellaf BEN HEDDA, d tagi i d tawlift tamatut n tedyant agi.
Askasi yella ddaw n usentel n « TALAKT » ladɣa ayen yeḍran deg Taddert n AT WAƐBAN, asmekti kan ɣef temsalt agi, d imi ass n yennayer deg lǧamaɛ n taddert sɛeddan-d tizlitt n Da Sliman AZEM, mači d asiwel i yenselmen maca d azuzen n teqbaylit, simi i d-ffeɣ tvideyyut agi, tesseker aḥraḥu deg facebook,akk izzayriyen kren-d mgal tamurt taqbaylit, ad nini kan tidett ulka d waṭas n yeqbayliyen « igdudanen » wwten-d deg temsalt agi, ttun akken tuddar di tmurt taqbaylit d tilelliyin.
Ihi, Athmane Bessalem, deg meslay id-yewwi deg uskasi agi, s tebɣest meqqren d waṭas n ṛẓana, yezzaken-d amgired ameqqran, yellan ger snat n tmetiyin d sin yegduden, u simmal i teddu wakud simmal ttibɛid-ent ugar.
» S rrezg muqren i lliɣ d yiwen ger warraw n tmurt taqbaylit anda, tella tlelli n ddin d usenqed-is, yal wa yettidir s wayen yettamen, di leqder d talwit d tegzi » d wagi i d ameslay n Athamen amahat win i t-id-iqublen ad yezgu acu i d taqbaylit.
« Nek umnaɣ akken awanek ur ilaq ara ad yesɛu kra n ddin, ɣef waya nek mgal asaḍuf i yerran tineslemt d ddin n uwanek » d tagi i d tikti n tebɣest i d-yenna Atman s waṭas n tebɣest deg yiwet n tilizri yettmeslayen i yizayriyen, deg tegnitt anda imeɣnasen ttwarfaden ar leḥbus, netta ad yaru umezruy akken yezzakn-ed tiktiwin-ines d wakud agi.
Tameɣnast tisneslemt i t-id-iqublen ur tesɛi aswir ilaqen akken ad temmeslay ɣef usentel yecban win n « TALAKT », ur tezmir ad teffer lkerhegga ines mgal tikti n « TEQBAYLIT » ar ɣur-es ulac tamurt taqbaylit acku idles aqbayli ar ɣur-es d « PANACHI » , amahat ulac acu ara yarǧu weqbayli deg yemdanen i teddun deg terga yagi n tisneslemt, aɛni yettxalaf mejjir aẓar ?
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IMEṬṬI N BAB IDURAR
D tamacahut yura Wakli Azwaw i d-yerra Seid At Meemmer d asefru aɣezzfan.
D asefru ad zegreɣ tura ɣef tmerɣa i ɣ-yeğğan ncaḍ.
Ad as-azneɣ tisura i tmuɣli n wul asemmaḍ.
Ad tekker ad tcali di tmura, ahat ad yefsi weblaḍ
deg taddart ideg yeḍra, wayen ur neḍri di tiyaḍ.
I weqcic d-yeffɣen seg-s, sani ara yessiweḍ tameddit?
Deg iḍarren-is akk yesseɣreṣ, yeṭṭef-it yiḍ di taddart TALWIT.
Seg wakken ur yesei amwanes, axxam n yemsebriden yettnadi-t.
Yenneqlab kan yesla i lḥess, iwala amɣar yeḍfer-it.
Azul fell-ak a baba amɣar, anda-t wexxam n yemsebriden?
Yya-d a mmi ad nelḥu amecwar, ur yelli d win ibeeden.
Amɣar zdat-s yezwar yerna d win i t-yessawḍen.
Yedda yid-s almi d imi n wemnar n wexxam n yemsebriden.
Atan a mmi ihi wexxam, anida i tzemreḍ ad teṭṭṣeḍ
yerna ngum a d-yeɣli ṭṭlam, a k d-awin imensi ad teččeḍ.
Di tlemmast n taddart i tebnam, axxam-agi iɣer i d iyi-tesskecmeḍ.
Tura ɣas kkes ttexmam, tanemmirt! Ihi ar tayeḍ.
Aqcic yeqqim di tqernit n wexxem ideg t-yeğğa wemɣar.
Ɣas ma teɣli-d tmeddit, ɣef imensi ur igir tisɣar.
Yak taddart-a isem-is TALWIT, i truẓi uqerru, acuɣer?
Ur tezlig fell-as targit, asirem deg yiman-is ur yessemɣer.
Ur yuḥtam almi s-yesla, yezzi-d kan deg-s iwala,
m wul ur nessin tebrek.
D tamɣart teččur d leḥmala, amuḍin ma yeẓra-tt yeḥla,
ad yeqqel amzun werğin yehlek.
Azul a mmi aql-aɣ nella, ugmeɣ-d aman si tala,
tura a d-uɣaleɣɣur-k.
Azul yes-m leeslama, s tezmert-im a yemma,
ɣur-i yuzen-ikem-id lmelk.
Tasusmi terna teggugem, s kra yettawlen irekkem,
yeɣli s iciwi n trusi.
Tamɣart tessaweḍ aman d-tugem, teṭṭef deg wawal tṛeggem,
tewwi-d i inebgi imensi.
Ay iḥulfan tuccagem, mi akken s-tefka abernus d-teddem,
teggull i usemmiḍ ur yensi.
Aqcic d uḥdiq ur yessusem, dɣa s ul n temɣart yekcem,
teddem tebda-yas-d asteqsi:
Tamɣart s wawal tettaẓ, tessen tiẓeṭ ideg d-tesquccuḍ.
A mmi teeyiḍ terniḍ laẓ, ansi-k, anida ttedduḍ?
Deg iqerra ssusmen yebẓaẓ, ay aqcic d acu tettrağuḍ?
Ugadeɣ ad iyi-d-teddmeḍ aeekkaz, a d-tiniḍ kker ad telḥuḍ!
Tidet lemmer ad am-tt-iniɣ, ul-im seg-s a yemma ad mḥuɣ.
Mi kkreɣ a d-mmektiɣ, ad zzreɣ s anda tettuɣ.
Ur cfiɣ ansi i d-kkiɣ, ur ẓriɣ anda tedduɣ.
Ttuɣ daɣen isem ay seiɣ, i tura d acu ad am-d-rnuɣ?
Ad rfuɣ fell-ak, acimi? Ad teqqimeḍ akka ar melmi?
Ihi attah tidet ssneɣ:
A k-iniɣ yiwen wawal a mmi, yya-d ad teqqimeḍ ɣur-i,
nekk iman-iw i zedɣeɣ.
Axxam meqqer ad aɣ-yawi, amḍiq ad yegri,
ad iyi-twanseḍ a k-wanseɣ.
Tixsi a ɣ-d-tefk ayefki, ayen is ara nedder ad yili,
awal aql-i ad ak-t-fkeɣ.
Aqcic yesbek, yettwehhim, ur yumin ara imeẓẓuɣen-is.
Maca, d asusam ur yeqqim, yemḥaḥed, yeldi imi-s:
Yenna-yas ma yella s tidet-im, » yessaked tamɣart s allen-is »,
ad qqimeɣ, err-iyi d mmi-m! Ɣef tuyat yeẓẓel afus-is.
Ɣas amzun seg igenni i d-ɣliɣ, teldiḍ-iyi ay asirem ul-ik.
D tidet ayagi ttwaliɣ neɣ tɣurr-iyi targit-ik?
Tenna-yas kker i d ak-nniɣ, deg wexxam ad tkemmleḍ učči-k!
I tura amek ara k-semmiɣ, imi akka tettuḍ isem-ik?
Tiririt yelhan ur tt-yeẓri, yufa-yas-d tin is ur yeɣliḍ.
Akken i m-yehwa semmi-yi! I s-yerra ur yezzi, ur yenniḍ.
S wawalen d-turew tayri, tenna-yas ur nwiɣ almi d-teflaliḍ.
Ihi a mmi a k-semmiɣ ITRI, amzun seg igenni i d-teɣliḍ.
Yenna-yas yelha yisem-agi, yekcem igenni wis-sa.
Isem-is tura temɣart-agi? Tenna-yas isem-iw BISBISA.
Yelha ula d isem-agi, ikemmel učči mi d as-d-tessa.
Kker a mmi ad teṭṭṣeḍ dagi, aṭas i d-telḥiḍ ass-a!
ITRI yekcem ɣer wusu, yewwet-itt ɣef yiwen yidis.
Yebred nezzeh si eeyyu, amzun aseggas ur yeṭṭiṣ.
Azekka-nni teğğa-t ad yesteefu, BISBISA ur yesli i lḥess-is.
S leḥder i tqeddec i tleḥḥu yerna zik i d-teldi tiṭ-is.
Almi izeggen wass i d-yekker, ulac ɣef wacu ara yeccetki.
Am winna yeṭṭṣen yeskeṛ, yuki-d yettnadi a d-yemmekti.
Di ddunit wa yesea ẓẓher, wayeḍ tawenza ur d as-tefki.
Tefka-yas-d BISBISA ad yefḍer, tessers-as-d tazart d uyefki.
D ayefki n tixsi i k d-ssewweɣ, ečč tazart d ak-d-sserseɣ,
ass-agi ad ncali, ad nḥewweṣ!
Mi s-tenna ečč akken ad neffeɣ, yemmekti-d ɣer BISBISA i yezdeɣ
yerna ad yeqqim ɣur-s.
Ul-is yecreh yettaḍṣa, d win turew i temlal tasa,
ɣas ma s tidet mačči d mmi-s.
D acu ara xedmen ass-a? ITRI yeffeɣ d BISBISA,
tesken-as-d taddart d iḥerqan-is.
ITRI yuɣal am mmi-s, ikess-as tixsi-s
yerna izeddem-as-d isɣaren.
Yerra lqeḍyan d ssuq-is, d aẓidan yiles-is,
yeḥdeq s arrac s imɣaren.
Di tiḥerci-s kra ur yenɣis, ḥemmlen at taddart tikli-s,
ɣas ma d terẓeg n tiṭ i yezzewren.
Sseed-is yuki ur yeṭṭiṣ, tgerrez ddunit-is,
iḥemmel yemma-s t-iḥemmlen.
Yiwen wass deg wussan, d aṭṭan amcum i d-yesteqsan,
BISBISA teṭṭef tiɣmert.
Ay adfel ɣef uqerru yessan, d acu akka i d-yusan,
d acu yettrağun tamɣart?
Yak kra win i t-iheggan, yeḥrec ur yeggan,
amdan tegguni-t taɣert.
Ay ITRI awi-d sin inagan, leemur ttafgen,
ngum a d iyi-tcuddeḍ taɣeṣmart!
Gilda d Salu yegla-d yes-sen, BISBISA tenna-yasen:
ttxil-wat aẓet-d ɣer ɣur-i!
A tamuṭṭut d wergaz ay iezizen, lecɣal yessefk ad berzen,
yak ur yelli d ayen n diri?
Cfut a widak igerrzen, azekka ur neẓri d acu a d-yasen,
lmut tura ɣef yal d iri.
Axxam-iw d netta ara t-izedɣen, iḥerqan-iw d netta a d-ṣaḥen,
kra a d-ğğeɣ d ayla n YETRI.
Ddunit akka i tella, yelha wayagi d-tenniḍ.
Kemm tenniḍ nekkni nesla, awal ur yezzi, ur yenniḍ.
ITRI ad yawi axxam lexla, kkes akk aɣilif teseiḍ!
Tezmumeg acemma BISBISA, drus kan teɣli, tettɣiḍ.
Tettban-d am wakken teṭṭeṣ, temmut mi teɣli ɣer deffir.
ITRI tɣaḍ aṭas, aṭas, Yekker ad yettru, netta ur yezmir.
Yeqqel i wallaɣ iḥesses, BISBISA tedder di lxir.
Yeẓra yecreh wul-is yes-s, talwit ideg tella ur teffir.
ITRI yegra-d iman-is deg wexxam i s-d-teğğa BISBISA.
D tixsi i d tamwanest-is, beṭṭu yejreḥ-as tasa.
Ikemmel am medden tameddurt-is, almi d asmi d-yuɣal si lexla.
Yekker ad yekcem s axxam-is, yufa ur yezmir ara.
Yeḍra wayen ur nḍerru, tagi d tidet d tamuffirt.
A ziɣ awezɣi ur yettkukru, ur yessin timendeffirt.
Tawaɣit n YETRI d asefru, tewwet-it-id tferract n tewwurt ɣer tgecrirt.
I tedyant-agi amek ara tt-yefru, lqermud n wexxam ddaw timiṭ?
Inuda yufa-d tiririt i yesteqsiyen s wayes i s-yekcem ttexmam.
Kker kan ad teṭṭṣeḍ di tebḥirt ay ITRI yugaren axxam!
Ɣas ulamma d tameddit, d azɣal, anef a d-yeɣli ṭṭlam!
Walit ay at taddart walit, d leeğeb a ddin qessam!
Azekka-nni mi yuli wass, at taddart wehmen akk deg-s
yerna ur t-eqilen ara.
Akken llan uzzlen ɣur-s, tamezwarut yemmeslayen yid-s,
TAFAT i d isem-is tinna.
Taqcict testeqsa-t tenna-yas: Anisi-k ay argaz?
D ITRI, amek ur d iyi-tessineḍ ara?
Amek? D kečč i d ITRI? Awwah, amek akkagi?
I wannect-a amek i d-yusa?
Nniɣ-am ITRI d nekkini, d TAFAT kemmini,
atan wexxam n BISBISA.
Uhu yiwen ur t-yenni, umnen-t d tirni,
imi d-yuder BISBISA.
Ay akka yecmet wudem-is, amzun d amadaɣ uqerruy-is,
iɣallen-is d ayen ur nettwabdar.
Annect n sin yetrakturen iḍaren-is, ITRI yemḥa later-is,
isem-agi yečča-t yeɣẓer.
Taddart yessagad arrac-is, ur t-ḥemmlen lɣaci-s,
ssawalen-as BAB IDURAR.


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Category: APPRENDRE LA LANGUE BERBÈRE
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Aɣwas Alibu-Maziɣ i tira en Tutlayt Tamaziɣt - aɣawas ed wesmuteg: Maziɣ Mubarik Belqasem. Aɣwas Alibu-Maziɣ i tira en Tutlayt Tamaziɣt - aɣawas ed w ...
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Amawal Amaziɣ Amahaɣ Ingliz / Tămahăq Tahăggart قاموس أمازيغية تاماهاق في جنوب الجزائر
Amawal Amaziɣ Amahaɣ Ingliz / Tămahăq Tahăggart - Anẓol en Dzayer. قاموس أمازيغية تاماهاق في جنوب الجزائر Tuareg Berber - English dictionary (S ...


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Deg wussan-agi i d-iteddun ad d-yeffeɣ, ɣer teẓrigin Achab, udlis amaynut n uneggal/amedyaz Mass Fahim MESƐUDEN iwumi yefka azwel Izir deg irebbi n teẓgi. D tanfust i yigerdan (inelmden) s umawal afessas akken yuɣ tannumi umyaru. Ma ɣef teqsiḍt id-yura deg udlis, yenna-d umeskar : ‘’D tadyant yeḍran di taddart n Uzaɣar akked yiwen uqcic, qqaren-as Izir. Asmi yesea aseggas di leemer-ines, truḥ twacult ɣer wurti ad d-lwin lexrif. Mi wwḍen, tesgen-it yemma-s sddaw n tneqlet ; mi d-tuɣal ɣur-s, tufat-id ulac-it. Ukren-t ibekkan. Deg wass-nni ur d-iban. Zrin yiseggasen, uɣalen ufan-t. Yewwit-id baba-s s axxam. Ussan-nni imezwura, uryeqbil ara tudert-nni sdaxel n uxxam. Yuɣal yekcem s aɣerbaz, maca ur d-yewwi ara iman-is : igemmaḍ-is xuṣṣen mliḥ. Yettaegaz ad iruḥ s aɣerbaz. Yiwwas, yesla-as i baba-s d yemma-s ttnaɣen ɣef tmezzla n uyaziḍ n yimensi n Yennayer… Yesla-as i baba-s mi i as-yenna i yemma-s : »azekka tameddit, ad t-zluɣ… ». Izir, yuggad yenwa-as fell-as i ɣef ttmeslayen. Azekka-nni, terra-t-id tselmadt- s axxam i wakken ad yawi imawlan-is acku tufa unuɣ n tmeṭṭut d tawfayant am nettat ɣef ṭṭabla n Izir, wayeḍ ɣef tfelwit n tneɣrit, terra-tt-id ɣef Izir. Izir, yuggad ad yekcem s axxam. Iruḥ yerwel ɣer teẓgi…’’.
Abruy ɣef tmeddut n umra
Ilul Fahim MESƐUDEN ass n, 7 di maggu deg useggas n 1981, deg taddart n Uzaɣar Ɛwana (Iɛekkuren). Laṣelis n taddart n Agarsafen ( At Yeǧǧar). Ɣef umecwar-is deg unnar, yenna-d : ‘’Deg useggas n 2004, wwiɣ-d agerdas n « DEUA en électronique » di tesdawit n Tizi Uzzu. Qedceɣ aṭas deg umussu adelsan, lliɣ d aɛeggal deg waṭas n tddukkliwin tidelsanin. Xedmeɣ d aselmad deg uɣerbaz n uselmed n lḥirfat deg win n Buzgan akked win n Buxalfa. Deg useggas n 1999, uriɣ tamezgunt anda urareɣ deg-s d awadem nekk akked terbeɛt i d-sluleɣ. Di 2000, sluleɣ-d tiddukkla tadelsant di taddart-iw. Di 2012, lliɣ d-imceggeɛ n Radyu Numidya yellan di Kanada. Di 2014, sluleɣ-d timlilit n tmedyazt di teẓrigt-is tamezwarut akked tddukkla tadelsant n taddart-iw. Deg useggas 2016, sluleɣ-d tiddukkla n tmerrit di taddart-iw. Di 2014, bdiɣ ttaruɣ imagraden s tutlayt n teqbaylit deg uɣmis « Tiɣremt » d « La dépêche de Kabylie». Deg useggas n 2016, unageɣ ɣer tmurt n Fransa anda ttidireɣ ass-a..
Idlisen i d-yesuffeɣ
Di 2013, yesuffeɣ-d ammud n yisefra di teẓrigin « Richa ELSAM, azwel-is « Tiyersi ». Di 2014, yesezreg-d ammud n tullisin akked tneqqisin, di teẓrigin SEFRABER, azwel-is « Timsirin n ddunit ». Di 2015, yerna-d ammud n yisefra, di teẓrigin n LULU, azwel-is « Asadel ». Di 2016, yura ungal-ines amezwaru, « ANZA », d ungal i yewwin araz n umkan amezwaru di temsizzelt taɣelnawt n Muḥemmed Dib, di tsekla, di 2018, i d-yellan di Tlemsan. Di 2017, yessufeɣ-d ammud n yisefra n tlawin ɣer tezrigin « RichaELSAM, « Izlan n tlawin ». Di 2019, yesegra-d adlis n tullisin : tineqqisin d yiḍrisen i yigerdan (Inelmaden), ɣer teẓrigin Ccix Muḥend u Lḥusin, azwel-ines « Iziran n temẓi.
Isenfaren-nniḍen
Nesteqsa Mass Mesɛuden ɣef yisenfren-is n sya d afella, yerra-aɣ-d akka : ‘’Iswi-inu d asnerni n tutlayt n teqbaylit, d tira, akken taqbaylit ur tnegger ara, d aheggi n lsas i tsutwin i d-iteddun ; d anadi di tgemmi taqbaylit. Uriɣ, mazal ttaruɣ. Aṭas n yidlisen-nniḍen i yellan deg ubrid n usuffeɣ. Aṭas n yiṣenfaren-nniḍen i mazal ad d-ffɣen, deg-sen, ad d-bedreɣ : ungal azwel-ines « Tira » i yellan deg yifassen n teẓrigin n Richa Elsam, adlis n wuraren s teqbaylit azwel-ines « Urar s teqbaylit » i yellan deg yifassen n teẓrigin « Imru ». Adlis n yisefra i yigerdan s tugniwin, aḍebsi n tsuzzunin i yigerdan imecṭaḥ. Adlis n trisiti n yixxamen (électricité domestique) deg-s fkiɣ-d tirmit-iw deg wayen akk ɣriɣ d wayen slemdeɣ asmi lliɣ deg uɣerbaz n uselmed n lḥerfat. Adlis ɣef umezruy n tlallit n taddart-nneɣ AGARSAFEN.
Hocine Moula


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Azdal (aɣersiw)
Azdal (Assaɣ ussnan: Leptailurus serval) d aɣersiw yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tserɣuda yettidiren deg Tefrikt dɣa yettili-d s waṭas i uwdan d umcic uwṛiɣ.
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tiddi n uzdal d tin yettiwṭen ar 85 cm s tmerniwt n 40 cm i wsallaf-is ma d addud-is ar tuyat yettawaṭ ar ugar n 50 cm, Azuk-is yettili gar n 9 kg ar 20 kg, Tafekka n uzdal d tusdidt iṭarren-is d ummiden (kemmil-it), asallaf-is meẓẓiy Azdal yettidir gar n 12 ar 20 n iseggasen.
Tudert[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Azdal yettidir deg izaɣaren anda tella tuga s tuget akken i yesri (yuḥwag) iɣbula n waman ɣef wanect-a ur yettidir ara deg tneẓrufin neɣ izaɣaren ikkawen Amdan n wezdal d win iddersen (ineqsen) s waṭas ɣef tmentilt n ugmar-is s ufus n ifganen maca ila (yesɛ) asaduf n taggaẓt deg tmura anda yettidir, yettwasismel s ɣur Amsisi agreɣlan i tegdelt n tnezzut s telmas yettwaggzen d akken-it d talmest ur nettwaggez s umihi n wengar Tura. Maca yezmer ad tettwaggez ma ur sbdedn ara tanezzut n weglim-is.
Tidefrin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Llan-t wazal n 18 n tdefrin n wezdal:
Ansayen d umyaraw[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ɣas akken azdal d amazzag deg wegmar n temseɣẓaẓ maca iga d agemraw amruri acku iy tett ula d igtal, iylalen, Akawka n yiẓra, timraradin d iburɣas


text:
Amari: Mimun Lwalid Asuɣel: Sufyan Lhani
Mala taẓuri d afares animan axerras n kul tagrawt tanefgant, aqa Arif ɣur-s asneflul-ines g uẓawan d tedyazt d ccḍiḥ anamun d yiɣezdisen-nneḍḍen n tussna tanegdudt am yenzan d tunẓiẓin d tenfas…
Ttwaliɣ ila llan kraḍ n wanawen n uɣennej, zemmren ad mmersen amux dd-gguren:
1- Aɣennej azayku d yezlan:
Netta d aɣennej i tteggent temɣarin deg waṭṭas, ceṭṭḥen kid-sent, di cra n twalatin, yergazen ig ittilin zi twacunt-nsent, ttbeddan-dd arendad-nsent ttsakaren sin n waduren, ittbedda wadur amezgaru, wis sin ittedwal ɣar tkermin s tsuraf fsusent ttemḥizwarent aked wanyaten n wallunen, zi ssinni ittedwal wadur-a ɣar uraq mani ila illa, ttadaren maṛṛa idsen s ufud-nnsen afusi arendad i wadur amezgaru ig ittԑawaden s unuqeṛ i temhelt d ict, qqaren “izřan”[1], kul “izři” ɣur-s kkuẓ n yefyiren i nzemmer ad newzen s usnay[2] ittwassnen g Arif s (Ay a ralla ya ral, ay a ralla buya) ig ittemsebḍan x sin n yefyiren, kul afyir dag-s sḍist n teyyita n wanya s wallun… Ad dd-newc amedya ya:
(A) (ya) (ral) (la) (ya) (ral)
(A) (ya) (ral) (la) (bu) (ya)
Izři, amux nniɣ ieda, dag-s kkuẓ n yefyiren, ad nini min dd ittsakaren kkuẓt d simrawt (24) n teyyita n wanya, ad dd-wceɣ da amedya s yezri ittwanna x yimenɣan n Arif (taḍalust n Ḍḍhar Ubarran):
Tnayn n ṭiyyarat
Ẓwant-id řebḥar řebḥar
icten tewta řeɣḍes
icten tekks-ayi ḍaṛ.
Asɣel n yezri:
(et) (nay) (n n) (ṭiy) (ya) (rat)
(ẓwan) (t id) (řeb) (ḥar) (reb) (ḥaṛ)
(ic) (ten) (tew) (ta) (řeɣ) (ḍeṣ)
(ic) (ten) (tekk) (s a) (yi) (ḍar)[3]
Anaw a wanitin ttraḥen kid-s wanyaten n wallunen, unuḍ n wanawen-a n yezřan ittili gi tmeldiwin n twacunt d wussan (am wussan n tyerza d tmejra… d wussan n umṛabeḍ Sidi Cԑayeb Buneftaḥ), anaw a wanitin iskan ɣar uɣezdis aneẓɣuṛ n wayda ameɣnaj n Arif.
2- Aɣennij ɣar Yimedyazen :
Imedyazen netnin d tiseḍmiwin timsadurin n uɣennej, ɣur-sen ddcurat-nsen deg waṭṭas n tqebbal am Yayt Sidal, Ayt Tuzin, Ayt Temsaman, Ayt Sԑid… atg, maca iwdan ssinfen-ten, tudrin-nsen ṭṭurfent ɣar yiraqqen uggʷjen x yewdan. Maca waxxa amenni, qa iwdan tteḥdajjan-ten di tmeɣriwin-nsen d wuraren-nsen. Ur neqqar ci qa ur ɣur-sen ci tieeffanin-nsen am tumayin tiԑeffanin d cra n tmeslayin tiberraniyin i dd-ssidfen ɣar Arif am Ccixat… Maca ittxessa ur nettettu ci tisebḥanin n wuḍuf-nsen gi cra n yiɣezdisen n wayda ameẓwan azayku n Arif, uxa d manaya i nettaf s umedya ɣar Ccix Ԑellal g uɣennij ines «Axminni war da nexřiq» ig ittwassnen aṭṭaṣ, aɣennij-a d ict tqessist d tazegrart ɣur-s tisektiwin d tinmettiyin, igg-itt g usnay ameẓwan d aneẓɣur ikna, ad nernu ila ɣur-sen eawed iɣennijen mgal aserbub (am Ḍḍhar Ubarran ɣar Yimedyazen n Yayt Temsaman). Yina ṭṭfen eawed deg yimassen imensayen am « ẓẓammar » (imis d amensay ittwagg s sin n waccawen n ugenduz) d temja, s uya tteḥdajjan Yimedyazen wi xaf-sen ɣa ireẓmen tiwwura d wi dasen ɣa irren taynit ḥuma ad iqqim wayda Arifi amaziɣ azayku idder, rid wi ten ɣa issinfen.
3- Anaw wis kṛaḍ :
* Tisemmumrawin[4]:
Anaw-a nettaf-it gi tzemmar i gin kra n yiḥudriyen n tsemmumrawin i ɣa ismaynun cway tawila tameẓwant wami dd ɣa ssidfen imassen imaynuten n ufilu (Banju) am unaẓur Ceԑṭuf ig isxedmen abanju s yict tmamekt d tasebḥant, iṭṭef dag-s g unagraw n uɣennij azayku, netta illan d ijj zeg yimezgura ig isxedmen aṛmuni ig issexdamen amradaf jar yimeslan waxxa s tmamekt tehwen maca tuwi-dd ixf-ines, ijja aṭṭas n yiɣennijen ittwazemmen di Tnezwayt Tanamurt (aseggʷas n 1956). Dinni ula d anaẓur Ḥamid Utemsaman ig isxedmen lԑud [adrin] di tirart-ines, iṭṭef ula d netta deg wanya aneẓɣur. Nettaf deg yimeslan n temɣarin tanaẓurt Yamina Lxemmaṛi s yimesli- ines asebḥan ig ittwassnen s tniɣin-ines tineẓɣurin ig iwtin iẓewran deg wayda azayku, tessexdem gi twila-ines Kamanja d wallunen. Dinni anaẓur Mudrus ig isxedmen tamamekt d ict, iṭṭef ula d netta gi teẓlayin n uẓawan n Arif, yina marra kkin-dd zi tsuta d ict.
* Tiṣḍimrawin:
Di tesḍimrawin, tusa-dd «tsuta n uḍeffer» ag yinaẓuren ig isxedmen tagiṭart am Bensalem Jjilali i dd-issidfen cra n tettikniyin timaynutin am tirart n tgiṭart s tmamekt n «wakurd», ieawed i flaminku Aspanyu d cra n yiɣennijen idzayriyen am uɣennij Awehrani, ila ittɣennaj s Tespanyut d Teԑeabt d Tmaziɣt, nettaf ɣur-s aɣennij n (Ini wah… Ini wah) ig ismaynu s tmamekt d tamirant teṭṭef deg wayda. Amenni ula d Farid Nnaḍuri ig isxedmen tamamekt d ict, iԑawed i yiɣennijen n ugmuḍ s Tmaziɣt, maca iṭṭef deg yezřan. Nettaf manaya ula ɣar Mimunt n Seřwan d Malika n Farxana d yesmawen-nneɣni, tina waxxa ԑawdent i min ittwaggen ieda, maca xmi ssexdament imassen imensayen am «ẓẓammer» d «temja», qa tticcent-as i uɣennij-nsent ict tmust d tamaẓlayt ur tetteffeɣ zeg yiger n unagraw amatay n uɣennij n Arif.
* Tisamrawin :
Ittwagg, gi tsamrawin, yijj uɣennij d amaynu d amiran s yeswiyen d inamuren d inefganen izdigen, iga ayda d tanga-ines tamezgarut, d tmatrart d aremmus-ines, innurẓem x midden bla ma ad ismeḥ gi tmagit, minzi wi ittekken ɣar wanaw-a n uɣennej ɣrin d imedlasen. Addur n manaya ittedwal ɣar tmesmunin timaglayin am tmesmunt n usenti adelsan g Arif i dd-isḍuqqẓen tamussni ya d tmesmunin-nneḍḍen n tussna g Arif, uxa ad dd-mmersent waṭṭas n tseḍmiwin-nneḍḍen ig itteggen tizemmar ḥuma ad gent aɣennij anegdud Amaziɣ iqqnen ɣar tɣawsiwin n ufgan n Yiẓẓelmeḍ Afrik d ufgan maknaw d tasekta tagraɣlant… Tteḥsabeɣ tarmit-inu d ict zi termitin n usatal-a.
Dinn inaẓuren-nneɣni am Ṭṭufali Muḥemmed ig isxedmen tagiṭart d waṛmunika, ismaynu cway aɣennij n «Axminni war da nexřiq» n umedyaz anegdud Ԑellal mix nessiwel sennej, d Ḥimmi Zeryab i yurmen ad igg aɣennij Amaziɣ d amiran, s uya i dd ɣa issers zi ssinni tamukrist n usekki n uẓawan g Arif ɣar utaram.
Maca itteqqes lḥal wami tiseḍmiwin-a marra beddent assa, jjint araq i uɣennij amzellee azenzay umi ɣar tawila d tumayt wḍant, uxa drus waha i ead ittsigin zeg yimeɣnaj n tseḍmiwin-a gi tekli-nsen tanaẓurt x ubrid-nsen iqesḥen, maca s tɣennant d umɣanen d tmaglayt, d wuḍuf gi tɣawsiwin n ugdud-nneɣ d wamur-nneɣ iԑizzen.
—————————
Timawin n umessuɣel:
[1] Tusa-dd g umagrad n umaray amux tt-nura, neksi gi taynit-nneɣ ad nari « izři » / « izřan » amux tettwaqqar g Arif niɣ g yiraqqen n Arif mix issawal umagrad, uxa ur tt-nettari d izli / izlan ɣir xmi tettili d asuɣel i ci n tguri d Taerabt teskan ɣar unamek n yezli / yezři.
Ula d min dd-yusan s Tmaziɣt n Arif ɣar umaray am tguriwin mindeg nettaf /ř/ (akniw n /l/) nejj-it amux dd-yusa ḥuma ad iqqim iskan ɣar tnettit tasnilast n Arif mix ixdem umaray.
[2] Nessexdem da taguri n « usnay » (addad amaruz n « asnay ») s unamek n « التفعلية », taguri-ya nuwi-tt-id zeg « asnay n yezři » ig ittwaqqaren i (ay a ralla ya ral, ay a Ralla Buya) mix snayen izlan g Arif ḥuma ad dd-asen seggden g usɣel (lmizan) nsen.
[3] G ufyir amezgaru n yezři, ibḍa umaray snat n tergalin timezgura « t » d « n » x wayawya, uxa issufeɣ-dd zag-s snat n tifar wami ɣa irnu « e » innufren deg yiles qbel i snat-a n tergalin, maca g ufyir wis sin n yezři ya, iwca-as i « ẓwan » ict tfirt (syllabe) g ubeṭṭi-ines i tifar n ufyir waxxa nettat ɣur-s snat n tifar amux ɣur-s neẓṛa g ufyir amezgaru, izemmer ad yili d tazgelt deg yilugan n usɣel n tifar n yelsawen n Arif, maca netta ixzer ɣur-s da zeg uɣezdis n uɣennej mindeg ittwabezzaz x umeɣnaj ad isseɣli g uɣennej targalt i das-dd-ittmernun gi ci n ufyir, am useɣli « ẓ » (i dd-yusan gi « ẓwan »).
[4] Taguri « tisemmumrawin » (asuget n « tasemmumrawt »), nessufɣ-itt-id zi semmumraw ḥuma ad tesken ɣar « الخمسينيات », amenni i nga ula ag « tiṣḍimrawin » (asuget n « taṣḍimrawt » i dd-nessufeɣ zi « ṣḍimraw ») ig iskanen ɣar « الستينيات », d « tisamrawin » (asuget n « tasamrawt ») i dd-nessufeɣ zi « samraw » ḥuma ad tesken ɣar « السبعينيات ». Neḍfeṛ, g usufeɣ-nneɣ i tguriwin-a, tabridt i dd-issufɣen « tamrawt » (العشرية) zi « mraw ».


text:
Abstract:
Nessawed gher kra n yiswan yerzan asemres n tsekka n uglam d unamek-is deg ungal n BRAHIM TAZAGHART “ SALAS d NUJA”, Netta yakan, yefka azal meqqren deg uglam i tedyanin akked yiwudam acku ungal-a ibedd ghef yiwudam d yihulfan-nsen. Deg-s i yeered umaru ad d-isken tidet n tudert n tmetti taqbaylit seg tama n yi.ulfan n lehmala. Akken dagh i iered ad d-isebgen udem aheqqani n tmetti taqbaylit d wansayen i tesaa. Amek tebna tayri gar uqcic d yemma-s negh ula gar urgaz d tmettut deg tmetti taqbaylit.


text:
Iberdeɣyal
Iberdeɣyal (Assaɣ ussnan: Pycnonotidae) d tawacult n yijqiwen yebṭan ɣef 27 n tewsitin d ugar n 150 n telmas. Tilmas n uberdeɣyul d tid yettidiren deg Tferka d usamer alemmas d Asya.
Tasnudert[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tareygama[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Umuɣ ugmiy n tewsitin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
S unect n usismel n umnir n uswir amsaylal agraɣlan (Alqem 8.2, 2018):
- Acritillas (1 n telmest)
- Alophoixus (7 n telmas)
- Andropadus (1 n telmest)
- Arizelocichla (12 n telmas)
- Atimastillas (1 n telmest)
- Baeopogon (2 n telmas)
- Aberdeɣyul


text:
Tata
Tata (Asget: Tatiwin), (Assaɣ ussnan: Chamaeleonidae) d tawacult n iɣersiwen imraraden yeṭṭafaren adu-tfesna n tezyagurin deg tfesna n tmeskebrin. Tettidir deg yakk ideggan n umadal anagar Antarktika.
Tata d aɣersiw anegmar yezmer ad yečč yal taɣawsa izemren ad tekcem ɣer yimi-is am yiburɣas d kra n telmas meẓẓiyen n temraradin d temseɣẓaẓ
Asnifel n yini[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Kra n telmas n tatiwin zemrent ad beddlent ini n weglim-nsent s unect n waddad-nsent asengam d usenwuran maca mači i wakken ad tezg i twennaṭ-is akken i d-ittilin uɣili[1], Dɣa tata tettbeddil ini-ines i tririt ɣef usummer-ines i tafat d teẓɣelt n wayen i s-yezzin yakk i wakken ad tenfali yifrayen-is acku ifrayen-a d wid i zemren ad beddlen seg yini n tata, Dɣa ini ila (yesɛa) azal deg unermis daɣen.[2] [3]
Tilmas[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tawacult n Tata dges azal n 83 n telmas yellan deg yakk imenẓawen n tegnit anagar Antraktika, Dɣa tilmas-a ẓẓunin-t (twaferqent) a 9 n tewsitin, Deg-sent 6 deg adu-twacult n (Chamaeleoninae) d 3 deg adu-twacult n (Chamaeleo)
Tiwlafin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ẓeṛ daɣen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Imniren[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ How Animal Camouflage Works Archived 2008-02-23 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Explorer Magazine - National Geographic Society Archived 2012-11-03 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Stuart-Fox, D., & Moussalli, A. (2008). Selection for social signalling drives the evolution of chameleon colour change. Public Library of Science Biology, 6, e25. Archived 2009-02-14 at the Wayback Machine


text:
Umi ɛdan 99 iseggusa zeg wami sbedden Irifiyen tayduda-nnsen. Lerifain ad idwel s isuraf ɣer deffer. Ad dd-newwec i imeɣareyn-nneɣ, ijjen rebɛa n iseddan. Nessawal dag-sen x mamec tebna tayduda d mayen yemsaren ar mani tuḍa.
Min xef tbedd tayduda
Tarennawt n wenwar tejja Mulay Muḥend ad isqad ɣar imeɣaren n tqebbar. Ḥuma ad ggen ca useqqim i ɣa issarsen ddustur n teyduda Tarifect. Mani aɣetas amezwaru i d-iffɣen zeg ugraw-nni ad semman aseqqim amatu. Adu isem n Tmesmunt tanamurt. Tanya arrin ass n 18 Cutenbir d ass uzarug n tayduda Tarifiyt.
Aɣtas amezwru n tmesmunt tanamurt (association nationale) d afsar uzarug anamur. Ad ggen Mulay Muḥend d amɣar n teyduda Tarifect. Ddustur Arifi yuym-d wur-nnes weg izerfan idja zi gguren Irifiyen d imaziɣen. Surif nneɣni netta d rɛahed anamur i ɣa isscnen i wmaḍal tasertit i ɣa yeḍfar Mulay Muḥend:
- Tayduda tarifect wer tneɛɛem ca uḥewwes Afransis.
- Ufuɣ n Ispunya zi Arrif.
- Ad tewwc Spanya ttmenyat xef uḥewwes n 11 issegusa i tegga i Arrif. Ad tarxu incraf irifiyen i ɣar-s.
- Spanya ad tenɛem s uzarug n Irifiyyen.
- Ad ilint timeqqanin ak marra timura umaḍal.
- Tettar tayduda ad tiri deg ugraw n tmura imunen.
Igmamen n lḥukuma n Arrif
Xef wi yedjan di tenbaḍt msebḍan aṭṭas imarezzuten jar Ispunya d Ifransisen d Imarrak maca msetfaqen x manaya :
Aselway amezwru : Mulay Muḥend.
Amawas n tmesrayyin n barra : Mḥemmed Azerqan.
Amawas n tmesrayyin ugensu : Mḥemmed lxeṭṭabi.
Amawas n tademsa : Ɛebdslam Lxeṭṭabi
Ljic Arifi
Tanbaḍt a tegga tizemmar-nnes xef tnayen n iswiren. Aswir ugensu d wenni n barra. Di min iqqnen ɣar tmesrayin n ugensu: Idja yemsar asrusi n ijjen ddewla d jjdid x uyenni itwarzem umsawad ak marra tiqebbar di Arrif. Maḥend ad ggen aserdas (ljic) Arifi. Zeg ismawen ira yedjan deg undah amatu n Irifiyen nettaff: Xiriru, Cɛayyeb n Mmuh, Ḥeddu Umḥend Amezyan, Muḥmed Ḥimmic d Lqayed Buḥut. Marra ismawen-a tuɣa-ten xef uzedjif userdas arifi. Mac yiweḍ nnumuru n iryazen ira yedjan deg userdas ɣar 130.000 n ijj.
Maca min yedjan yesbeḥ di tayduda Tarifect nettaff taqbict amenni i tt-jjin. Wer tbeddren ca iqqim rqayed ittegg rxedmet-nnes am zzat. Rnin-as min yedjan d amaynu am uzemmem n inni i d-ittruren di yenni ittmettan d tmesrayin n remracat. Iyarru ddaribat maca wer ikessi ujar zi min tenna tanbaḍt.
Tadiplumasit Tarifit
Deg ussegwas n 1923 issek Mulay Muḥend aṭṭas ireqqasen ɣar timura n Uruppa. Maḥend ad sfehmen mayemmi ɣer-sen amenɣi aked Spanya. Bac ad zay-sen kksen ca wawar zi ɣa ṭṭfen amcan i tyaduda Tarifect deg wegraw n tmura imunen di Juniv.
Ireqqasen Arrif kkin-d Lundun, Paris, Tlemsan… Maca xelli ura d ict tmurt ɣar mani raḥen wer tenɛim s teyduda di tilit-ines. Maca aṭṭaṣ n iryazen n tsertit ira aqqa-ayen akids di tesɣart nes am: Kurdun Kaning di Lundun, Walter Harris aneɣmas n uɣemmis n Times d Pwaritu tcabbarita bab n wgra abaski d uzermad afransis Brutun…
Mammec aṭṭas n temsmunin deg Umrika n yeffus sekkent-id tibratin ɣar Mulay Muḥend. Snewjwent-id ɣar-sen, arrin-t amux Simun Bulibar amerdas ittwassnen di Amrika talatint. Tagrawla tarifect tesrur-d amharwaḍ imɣar di uruppa d asya d Amrika …
S uya nzemmar ad nini belli tadiblumasect tarifect x uzedjif-ines Mḥemmed Lxeṭṭabi. Tegga tizemmar d timeqranin deg ufsar n tɣawsa tarifect deg umaḍal. Maca Imperyaliyen ira tbeddan deg udem-ines lebda.


text:
Tufya
Tufya neɣ Affay d tigawt tarmerrayt (war lebɣi), iswi-ynes d taččarit n turin s wezwu n weksujin (O²) ar wesɣel afellay. Anda amdan ad yeldi imi-s s waṭas alamma yuɣal ubleɣ n tenkart-is yugar 4 n tikkal n ubelɣ-is aẓaṛan. Tuffya tettaṭṭaf azal n 6 n tsinin deg wkud-a, deg wakud-a yettili-d waqqaf n tmaẓwalin n wudem d yiri akken i d-yettili daɣen wergal (amdal) n wallen, S wanect-a isalan iramasen yakk ttbaddiden (ḥebbsen) i kra n wakud anda yettuɣal ur yettefray ara (ur yettḥulfu ara) i wayen i d-as-yezzin. Tissugent s usemres n usɣiwes amsisli n yiqzaz tessken-d d akken aqziz deg wadis n yemma-s d win yettfayen s waṭas ɣas akken ur yesgunuf ara s turin
Imgan yeqqnen ar tufya[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Isragen (ssebbat) n tufya[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ar tura isragen i d-igellun s tufya zeddiɣ-it (mazal) ur ttwassnen ara, yerna aṭas n imusnawen ukzen-d (steɛrfen-d) d akken taluft-a ur sekfin ara azref-is deg tezrawt d unagi. Maca llan waṭas n isegza i tumant n tufya, gar-asent:
- Kra n imessujiyen ttɣilen d akken tufya tettili-d mi ara ad yili weswir n weksujin (O²) d adersi deg tfekka yerna aswir n usinuksid n ukaṛbun (Co²) d win yilin, Dɣa assegzi ayyi iga d imezdi
- Kra n imessujiyen niden ttɣilen d akken tufya d tigawt tamulit iy teggẓen turin seg ukucam
- Hipukrat yessegzaw-d d akken tufya tzerreb azwu yumsen seg turin akken i yettarra aktum n idammen ɣer wallaɣ


text: G tesnudert, amhaz iga-t ummeskel nna ttisinen imaddaren ɣef taɣzi n wakud, nna ittumanen s talɣa n tnefliwin ganin phénotypiques, ittemsaren i les organismes ɣef tasutin. Tinefliwin-a ganin s umata tiskeflanin (maca ẓḍaren ad ammrent neɣ ẓẓayent) ɣyent ad fkent, seg l'espèce igan yan (mi ttinin « espèce-aymmat »), timzarayin ganin périphériques itteggan imikk s imikk « espèces-iyemmaten ». G unemgal, iẓḍar usmerkes n sin les lignées s l'hybridation neɣ s la symbiogenèse ger snat les populations n les espèces mzaraynin ad d-ifares yan l'espèce amaynu. Amhaz, da issefru tudremyanawt (biodiversité) ɣef wakal. Iɣey umezruy n les espèces ad ittusedwen aha ittugenses s talɣa n yat taddagt taphylogénétikt d les schémas d les modèles yaḍen, nna ttawesnin g urmas n tumant n umhaz.


text:
264
ÇA PEUT T'INTÉRESSER
Mazal Tov! Menahem Mendel Haddad (Yavneel) est ‘Hatan avec Sarah Shuchtman (Tsfat) le 8 Sivan 5781 Mazal Tov ! Levi Baron est Hatan avec Dvora Porhel Mazal Tov! Menahem Mendel Abecassis (Paris 12) est Hatan avec Haya Mouchka Attal (fille d’Elie, Paris 19) Mazal Tov! Menahem Mendel Karsenty (Paris 19) est ‘Hatan avec ‘Haya Mouchka Gabay (Paris 16) Mazal Tov ! Menahem Mendel Cohen (Versailles) est ‘Hatan avec ‘Haya Mouchka Levy (Paris 20ème) Mazal Tov ! Levi Itshak Cerf est Hatan avec Sarah Roch – 25 Iyar 5781 Mazal Tov! Avy Soussan (Sarcelles) est ‘Hatan avec Mouchka Hababou (Paris) – 21 Kislev 5781 Mazal Tov! Menahem Mendel Spitzer est ‘Hatan avec ‘Haya Mouchka Abergel, le 23 Tamouz 5780 Mazal Tov ! Othniel Nizard (Yerres) est ‘Hatan avec ‘Haya Mouchka Sudry (fille de Mendy Paris 14), lundi 9 Elloul 5778 Mazal Tov ! Levi Its’hak Marasow (Paris) est ‘Hatan avec Haya Mouchka Grossbaum (New Jersey) le 20 Hechevan 5782 Mazal Tov ! Menahem Naccache (Paris) est ‘Hatan avec Dvorah Guez (Paris) Mazal Tov ! Rephael et Sheindel Goldberg pour la Brith Mila de leur fils Menahem Mendel Mazal Tov ! Mendel Chemama (Paris 11) est Hatan avec ‘Haya Chelli (Paris 19) Mazal Tov! Israel Haim Kulski (Paris) est ‘Hatan avec Sheina Liba Lipinski (Argentine) le 28 Tevet 5781 Mazal Tov! Menahem Partouche est Hatan avec Mouchka Hababou


text:
Tazamugt n yiḥewwiǧen d yiwet n tiẓri ɣef tmeglit, i d-yessufeɣ umejjay n tnefsit Abraham Maslow, deg 1940. Seg wass-nni, imejjayen n tnefsit xeddmen, meḥsub, ala yes-s, aladɣa deg ayen yerzan iɣeblan n uxeddim.
Tazamugt-a tebna ɣef semmus (05) n yiswiren igejdanen. Γef wakken yettwali Malsow, amdan yettnadi ad yessekfu iman-is deg uswir n yiksar qbel, sumek ad yebdu ad yettxemmim ɣef uswir i yellan suffella. Ur yezmir ara ad yali ɣer uswir unnig ma yella win yellan iksar ur s-yessaweḍ ara. Amedya, nettnadi ad nessekfu iḥewwiǧen n tfekka-nneɣ uqbel wid n teɣlist : ɣef wannect-a asmi ara yili umdan sdat n temettant, yezmer ad yexdem kra yellan i wakken ad s-yeslek.
{{Iḥewwiǧen n tfekka :}}
Iḥewwiǧen-a d wid yettaǧǧan tafekka n umdan ur tettemttat ara. Meḥsub, d ayen yerzan ɣer tezmert n umdan : asnuffes, učči, tissit, iḍes, asezɣel..atg. Amdan yezmer ad isemmeḥ deg tefrit, ur yettaǧǧa ara deg yiḥewwiǧen-a n tfekka.
{{Iḥewwiǧen n teɣlist :}}
Iḥewwiǧen n teɣlist d wid yetteassan ɣef tezmert n tfekka akked wallaɣ n wemdan. Nezmer ad d-nader deg-sen tamezduɣt, axeddim d tedrimt, taɣlist n tfekka mgal lbaṭṭel (tukksa n sser, atteeddi, tamḥeqranit..), taɣlist n wallaɣ d tnefsit, talwit deg twacult neɣ xerṣum d cwiṭ-nni n leḥnana d tezmert.
Sin iḥewwiǧen-a imenza (tafekka akked teɣlist) ttekkan deg yizerfan n umdan. Maca mačči Iwunak yakk ssawḍen ad qaddren izerfan-a, ɣas akken uran-ten deg Tmendawin-nsen.
{{Iḥewwiǧen n uḥelli n umkan deg tmetti :}}
Aya yerza anadi n wemdan ad d-yini ayen i t-iceɣben, ad yeseu assaɣen, ad yezdi ɣer kra n terbaet n yemdanen. Iḥewwiǧ-a n unekcum ɣer kra n terbaet yeddukul akked iḥewwiǧ n tukci n wazal d lemqadra deg tmetti.
Tuget n yimdanen ur zmiren ara ad idiren i yiman-nsen. Wid yettidiren i yiman-nsen, sumata, ttettaṭṭaf-iten timexlelt neɣ tidderwect.
{{Iḥewwiǧen n lemqadra n yiman :}}
Amdan yeḥwaǧ ad yettwiqader, ad iqader iman-is. Yeḥwaǧ ad yeqdec i wakken ẓren wiyaḍ yella. Yeḥwaǧ ad yeseu amkan yelhan, yesean ccan neɣ elayen, deg uxeddim-is neɣ deg tɣawsiwin i iḥemmel. Amdan yettnadi ad yeseu azal (ɣer yiman-is neɣ ɣer wiyaḍ) deg wayen i ixeddem. Amdan yeḥwaǧ ad yeseu isenfaren, iswiyen, tikta, tidmiwin, tazmert ad d-yini ixemmimen-is…
{{Iḥewwiǧen n usekcem n yiman :}}
Amdan yeḥwaǧ ad yesseeyu iman-is ɣef kra n temsal, ad yissin kra n tussniwin timaynutin, ad yelmed kra n tɣawsiwin ur nesei ccan, i yeǧǧan wiyaḍ.
{{Iḥewwiǧen n walluy deg uswir :}}
Amdan yeḥwaǧ ad yemmeslay s tussna, ad inadi deg yiman-is, ad yissin iman-is.


text:
Zegga bdan imussnawen di ca n tmeɣziwin di 2013. Ufin ijjen temdint n imettinen d tameqqrant di ẓelmeḍ n Spanya. Dag-s ca n 100 n tmeḍlin.
Ggin-as i temdint-a « Necropolis » i dd-yusin zi Tegrikt, lmeɛna-nnes « tamdint n imettinen ». Twafit-a temsar deg ubilaj n Granon di jjihet n La Rioja, i di zeddɣen ca n 300 waḥedd.
Alaḥsab imussnawen, imettinen-a ittwafen di tmeḍlin-a ttɛaqqaben ɣer wakud aqdim d beddu n wakud anammas. Di tmeḍlin-a ttwafen belli imawaḍ d iḥenjiren ttwamḍlen deg ijjen temḍelt. Akid-sen ca n igelwan. D manaya ig ittwafen ula di Arrif, minzi bnadem aqdim, ila yettɣil ad dd-yedwel ɣer tudert.
Yenna amussnaw n warkyulujiya, Luis Villanueva (49 issgwasen) ila deg usegg°as n 2013 ufin tmenya n tmeḍlin, zi senni i yessnen mani i dd-tusa tameḍlet i di ɣa rzun. Ar mani lexxu, ufin ca n 103 n tmeḍlin s kulci.
Merra timeḍlin i yufin dag-sent imettinen, ca zzag-sent ttwaggent x-asent ca n tfelwin, tina aqqa wwyen-tent ɣer ulaburaṭwar maḥend ad tent-sfesyen.
Tenna taseḍma n lxedmet, ila nitni ssitimen ad afen ɛad timeḍlin nneḍni. Maca Luis Villanueva, inna, belli timeḍlin-a nitnti : « D timeḍlin d tirumyin mmersen izellifen n imettinen jjihet n usammer. Azgen ameqqran-nnsen ttwammersen di ca n tḥufar d timeẓẓyanin ttwamḍlen s tfelwin ».
Timeḍin i yufin dag-sent imettinen rrin s wudem ɣer s-nnej iggur ad tent-awyen maḥend ad ggen ca n tɣuriwin nneḍni d tinṭrupulujiyin x-asent. Aya ad yili d twiza aked ijjen tebridt n tɣuri tanṭrupulijit di ca n tesdawit ɛad wer nnin mayen teɛna.
Tala: RT


text:
Aggur:Tunnunt
Tazwurt :
Anɣmis
Zineddin Lyazid Zidan, ilul ɣ was n 23 yunyu ɣu usggas n 1972 ɣ Marsilya li igan ya udɣar n Fransa. Ar assaɣn willi-t-ittirin Zizu. ait dars gan iqbiylinn tamazirt n Dzayr ig Zineddin Lyazid Zidan yan ɣ imurarn iqburn n Fransa.
Ig yan s imurar li baḥra ittuyssan ɣu amaḍland zund Platini d Maraduna d yan z 125 imurarn imuqranin nu amaḍlan li sul iddrn ɣu usggas n 2004.
Amzzu ittyustayn
Akrwas n umaḍal n tkurt n uḍar 2018 (s trusit: ЧeMпиoHaT Mиpa пo фyTбoлy FIFA 2018) tga tabrza tiss 21 zɣ tbrziwin n ukrwas n umaḍal n tkurt n uḍar iẓlin s tsḍmiwin tinamurin n irgazn, ittuskar ddu umalu n tamunt tagraɣlant n tkurt n uḍar (FIFA) ɣ tmazirt n Rusya zɣ 14 yunyu ar 15 yulyuz 2018. Tigira n taɣtst n tsdawit tagraɣlant n tkurt n uḍar (FIFA) nna ifkan izrfan n usnubg i trust ass n 2 dujanbir 2010. Iga ukrwas n umaḍal 2018 walli rad ittuskir tikklt tamzwarut ɣ uruppa tagmuḍant, d tikklt tiss yan d mrawt ɣ uruppa. Tikklt tamzwarut rad tettuga tbrza ɣ sin imnẓawn; uruppa d asya. Kullu isurar nna ɣ rad ttuskirn imnalatn llan ɣ Rusya tawruft abla yan, afad ad ur yigut wakud n umuddu zɣ tmdint s tayyaḍ. Iga umundyal n trust 2018 walli mu akk yuli watig n uḥyyl nns ɣ umzruy, ilkm uggar n 14.2 mlyar n ḍular.
Amunt ɣ tgariwin n ukrwas n umaḍal 2018 32 n tsḍmiwin tinamurin, 31 gisnt zrind ɣ tmssinfin n ukrwas n umaḍal 2018, amma tasḍma tarusit tzri s uwrman acku tga Rusya tamazirt nna ɣ izri ukrwas ad. Gr 32 n tsḍmiwin llant 20 amunt ɣ tbrza tamggarut 2014 ɣ Brazil, gisnt tasḍma talimant nna ittnzaɣn f ukrwas lli tiwi 2014, ɣ tsga yaḍn llant tsḍmiwin nna yamun ɣ tgariwin n umundyyal tikklt tamzwarut ɣ umzruy nnsnt, zund tasḍma tanamurt tabanamit d tsḍma tislandit. Ttuskarn 64 n imnalatt ɣ 12 n usuras ɣ 11 n tmdint, amnala amggaru ittyurar ɣ usurar Lujniki ɣ tmaẓunt Musku ass n 15 yulyuz 2018. Tiwi Fransa akrwas n umaḍal tigira n mayad tnra Krwatya ɣ umnala n tgira s kkuẓt n tmswitin mnid n snat.
Imgrad mqqurnin
Amurar
Ibrahim afellay iga yan umurar (amhdr) n tkurt n udar ilul ɣ usggas 2 April 1986 ɣ Iɣerm n Utrich ɣ holanda mac lasl nns igat rrif. Afellay ɣ FC Barcelona ilkem umirar Amaziɣ Ibrahim Afellay iɣerm n Barcelona, ḥuma ad isers tisurifin timeggura n ukeccum nns s terabbut takaṭalant n FC Barcelona.
Izzri Afellay asegri assesfran (visite médicale), d tuyskar as tewlaft tunṣibt d timlilit d ineɣmasen. Ittuyfka y as udeffas (maillot) yusin assaɣ (Ism) nns d uṭṭun simraw (20). G unmuqar nns d ineɣmasen, inna Ibrahim Afellay ma-d s : « immer ad ig yan zɣ tewja n terabbut tamqqrant g umaḍal».
Iẓuran n Afellay feɣen-d zɣ idurar n Rif, ilul g wis sin w-ussan n Kuẓyur (avril) 1986 g Utrecht g tmazirt n Hulanḍa. Yurar d ieerrimen n terabbut n PSV Eindhoven zɣ 1996 ar 2002 afad ad imatti s uswir anemɣur ger 2003 d 2010, yiwi di-s tasḍa (championnat) tanamurt tahulanḍt kuẓt tikkal. ɣ useggwas n 2007 irẓem taggurt n terabbut tanamurt tahulanḍt, yurar di-s 31 n unmuqar d ilkem di-s anmuqqar ameggaru n tasḍa tamaḍlant g 2010.
Ra-d ig umenṭag anammas (milieu offensif), Ibrahim Afellay, amirar Amaziɣ amezwaru ɣ umezruy n FC Barcelona zɣ telalit nns ɣ 29 Yimrayur (novembre) 1899.
Ar nsitim i y Afellay tudert tunnunant taɣezzaft d tabrida tamaɣudt g tarmit nns takaṭalant.
Awsat ɣ Wikipidya
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- Awsat ɣ tirra n imgradn n Wikipidya s tutlayt Taclḥit af ad yimɣur uggar.
- Iɣ tsɣawsat s tiwisi ɣ tirra n imnnitn, tẓḍaṛt ad nn taggʷt ɣ Tasna n Tiwisi.


text:
Fesren-dd imeddukal d lwacun n Munir Benɛebdellah, aneḥbus n lḥirak n Arrif di Biyya. Ijjen lexbar ila yemsar-as ijjen uweddeb di lḥebs aɣerman n Biyya.
Iydar-dd ameddukel n Benɛebdellah, Zubir Ribaɛi ca n ifruriyen n mayen yemsaren i Munir. Yenna-dd ila zegga tuɣa din azyenfi n wass, Munir ixes ad iraḥ ad iqqim aked umeddukel-nnes Ḥasan Barba. Ɣer umeggaru n uzyenfi, zegga i dd-itteffeɣ Munir zi texxamt n Barba. Iqaṭeɛ-as wenni ig ittkellafen s ubelleɛ n texxamin, isɣuyy x-as:
« Zi ssbeḥ qa nesɣuyyu ay iz*** ». Mayen yejjin Munir ad x-as yerr minzi wer yerḍi ad kid-s issiwel s ddegg-nni n wawal.
Aḥebbas-nni ad t-iṭṭef ad as-igg pursilat maḥend ad t-yawi n wemɣar n usecref, i tuɣa wer din illin. Maca aḥebbas-nni iwwec-as ijjen tnayen n iseqqilen zi ɣer deffer. Mayen yejjin Munir ad zzag-sent yerwel waxxa netta ittwacref. Ɣer umeggaru yudef-dd jar-asen ijjn uxeddam nneɣni n leḥbes ad ijerr ameddukel-nnes zegga i das-iɛawed ca n tiyyta nneɣni i Munir.
Munir, inna-as ila qa netta d anecruf d asertan x lḥirak. Ikker-d aḥebbas-nni yenna-as:
« kenniw teggim lmuḍaharat maca ddewla te***-kenniw d lmexzen aqe**-nnes d azegrar cekk wer ɣer-k min xaf-i ɣa tawyed. Mayen illan di jjehd-nnec gg-it ».
lebda aya x yiles n Zubir Ribaɛi.


text:
ssegdelVB [ssegdel]
protéger, abriter; cacher, dissimuler; parer, chercher à éviter
Flexions ssegdeltessegdaleḍ tessegdalem issegdalen ssgedlemt tessegdel ssgedlent ssegdalemt tessegdal ssegdalent ssegdel yessegdel tessgedlemt ssegdal yessegdal tessegdalemt ssgedleɣ nessegdel yessgedlen ssegdaleɣ nessegdal yessegdalen ssgedlet issegdel ssgedlen ssegdalet issegdal ssegdalen tessgedleḍ tessgedlem issgedlen
Sources ssegdel
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982


text:
Ilel (illan), 1- mer (fr) - sea (en) - mar (es) - بحر
2- Ers ɣef yilel - amerrir - amerizar - هبط على البحر
Addad amaruz: yilel (yillan).
Aɣbalu: Amawal n Tmaziɣt Tatrart - Lexique du berbère moderne (Tiddukla Aẓar, Bgayet 1990).
Imedyaten:
Iselman ddren deg yilel, Les poissons vivent dans la mer - Los peces viven en el mar - يعيش السمك في البحر
Yettban-d yilel mliḥ seg usensu-a - Il y a une magnifique vue sur la mer à partir de cet hôtel - Este hotel tiene una magnífica vista del mar -
Zemreɣ ad sleɣ i yilel seg-a - Je peux entendre ma mer d'ici - Puedo oír el mar desde aquí - بإمكاني أن أسمع البحر من هنا
Aql-iken deg - Vous êtes dans - You are in - Ustedes están en - أنتم في
Asegzawal n Tmaziɣt - Dictionnaire Amazigh - Français - Amazigh - English Dictionary - Diccionario Amazigh - Español - قاموس أمازيغي - عربي
(c) Omar Mouffok - Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen.


text:
Argigi
Argigi neɣ Targagayt d awliwel armerri asnagaran yettmag-d s usrag (s sebba) n unɣas n tmaẓwalin, akken i d-yettili deg-s usunfu d umussu n tiddit d tuɣalin deg kra n wegmam n tfekka neɣ ugar.
Argigi d awliwel imezdi yakk gar n iwliwlen irmerriyen, yezmer ad yeglu s yisemda ɣef yifassen d yiɣallen d wallen d wudem d uqerru yakk d yimeslan. Maca amur ameqran seg wergigi i d-yettilin yettwaẓray deg yifassen. Ma ɣer kra n yimdanen, argigi yettumeggez d asken neɣ yemmal-d kra n wuguren deg wunagraw ansur.


text:
Remḍan
Remḍan neɣ Uẓum (akken i d-sesseman imaziɣen inselmen imezwura) d ayyur wis 9 deg teswast tineslemt i d-yettasen seld n wayyur n Ceɛban (neɣ Amzizel), Ayyur-a yettumeggez d imeẓli ɣer yinselmen yerna ila (yesɛa) azal imeẓli ɣef wayyuren niden acku iga d ayyur n wuẓum ɣer yinselmen igan d yiwen seg tgejda n yislam, anda inselmen (anagar deg kra n tegnatin) geddlen ɣef tissit d wučči yerna twexxiṛen ɣef yiliken seg tẓallit n Lefjer alamma d uɣelluy n tfukt
Ayyur n Remḍan issemtay (ibeddu) mi ara ad tettuselken tmeẓriwt n tazzirt (ayyur bu wacciwen) deg wass n 29 ceɛban, dɣa ma yella ur tettwaẓer ara tazzirt n Remḍan ad yuɣal ceɛban deg-s 30 n wussan sin akin ad yili seld-azekkuya d ass amenzu n Remḍan ara ad yeṭṭfen 29 neɣ 30 n wussan, sin akin ad yas umud ameẓyan (lɛid ameẓyan) s wacu i sfuggulen inselmen mi ara ad ifakk Remḍan
Remḍan d ayyur ilan azal imeẓli deg tgemmi d umezruy n yinselmen acku ttamnen d akken tudra (aṣubbu) n Leqran seg tencirt yettwakelsen ar tegnawt n tegnit (n ddunnit) yella-d deg Laylat El-Qadr deg wayyur n Remḍan, sin akin yeder-d deg talliyin yeẓẓuni (yemmifraqen) deg tallit n tudra n uweḥy anda amazun (nnebi) Muḥamed yella deg yefri n Ḥira ass mi i d-yusa ɣures uneglus Ǧebril s unect n yiɣiliyen inselmen, u yenna-yas «اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ»,«ɣeṛ s yisem n yillu-ynek i d-isnulfan». s wanect-a tella tefyirt-a d Aya tamezwarut i d-yudren seg Leqran.
Remḍan d ayyur yeqqnen deg tmetti tineslemt ar waṭas n isekkiren imasɣanen am tẓallit n Tarawiḥ d iɛtikaf deg 10 n wussan ineggura yakk d waṭas n wansayen niden am tesnubga n yimdanen i truẓi n lmeɣreb d usersi tgidiwin akken illant waṭas n tmeskanin tigemmawin yeqqaren ɣer Remḍan am temnirt (lefnaṛ) d wemrud n Remḍan d kra n imeččiyen yal tama d yidles d weɣref s imeččiyen-is
Aẓaṛ n wawal[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Awal n Remḍan mači d win i d-yennulfan s tneflalit n tneslemt acku yella seg tallit n Jahiliya anda iserɣinen llan tsemmin ayyuren n useggas s unect n wakud deg wanda i d-zgan, Dɣa Remḍan yezga-d deg yiwen n wakud izeɣlen s waṭas, Akud-nni s yiles n iserɣinen d win yettwassnen s رمض, Rāmaḍā yennumken azɣel anamsad
Izemzen ixataren[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tazzirt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Laylat El-Qadr[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Laylat El-Qadr anamek-is s Teqbaylit d iṭ n twenza neɣ iṭ n tezmedt d tdusi tga d iṭ uɣṛis yakk deg usɣan ineslem d umadal.[1][2] Inselmen ttɣilen d akken deg yiṭ-a i d-yuder lweḥy ɣer Muḥamed
Tarrut n win yeččan Remḍan s tildin (ɛinani)[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg wesɣan[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg isudaf[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Amud ameẓyan[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg wass amenzu n Cewwal i d-yettasen srid mi ara ad ifakk Remḍan, inselmen sfuggulen s umud ameẓyan ɣef teɣzi n 3 n wussan, dɣa deg tnezzagt n wass amenzu n umud ameẓyan ttẓallan taẓallit n umud


text:
Aseɣlay (iseɣlayen), abatteur (d'arbres) (fr) - woodcutter, feller (en) - talador (es) - قاطع الأشجار
Addad amaruz: useɣlay (yiseɣlayen).
Ẓer daɣ: amaɣlay, amseɣli, aɣelluy, asseɣli, mseɣli, ɣli, sseɣli, ttwasseɣli.
Tagmuẓart n ussumer: Seg "sseɣli".
Aql-iken deg - Vous êtes dans - You are in - Ustedes están en - أنتم في
Asegzawal n Tmaziɣt - Dictionnaire Amazigh - Français - Amazigh - English Dictionary - Diccionario Amazigh - Español - قاموس أمازيغي - عربي
(c) Omar Mouffok - Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen.


text:
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Aɣilas n wedfel
Aɣilas n wedfel (Assaɣ ussnan: Panthera uncia) d talmest meqqren n tserɣuda yettidiren deg izurar n idurar deg Asya talemmast d uneẓul
Tiddukla tagreɣlant i taggaẓt n tgama tessismil talmest-a d akken-it d talmest yettwaggzen s umihi n wengar acku izrawen n useggas n 2003 sseknen-d d akken amdan n tegdudin yettidiren deg umadal yewweṭ gar 4080 d 6590 n iɣilasen, maca anagar n 2500 degsen iy zemren kan ad mmirclen w ad myarawen
Tamezduɣt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Aɣilas n wedfel yettidir deg yidgan imsedraren deg wadduden gar n 3000 d 4500 m maca deg tamezduɣt-is tagafant tezmer ad ttidir deg wadduden s ddaw n wannect-a maca tettadr-d ar wadduden iddayen acku din i llan-t tgemrawin-is am umarxuṛ d utar d igtal d umaɣaṭ d izerzer d kra n telmas n iɣersiwen imegruden am uyak d iserdyan
Asismel[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tiddi d teɣzi n uɣilas n wedfel d tin yellan s ddaw n tserɣuda timeqranin n iden, yettaznen gar n 27 ar 55 kg ma d iwetmen imeqranen zemren ad iwṭen ar 77 kg maca Tiwetmin meẓẓiyen yezmer ad yader wazuk-nsent ar 25 kg kan, Teɣzi-ynes seg yiri n uqerru (anzaren) ar yiri n usallaf yettili gar 75 ar 130 cm acku asallaf-isɣezzif s waṭas yettawaṭ s iman-is seg 80 cm ar 100 cm, Addud-is ar tuyat 60 cm


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Lexṣas n uyefki deg tḥuna yuɣal d aɣbel n twaculin merra. Luzinat n
uyefki ur ṣawḍen ara ad sekfun wid i d-yessuturen ayefki-ayi.
Ssebba n lqella n uyefki d akkken wid yellan d imḍebren ɣef luzinat n uyefki ( Dree Ben Xedda, Tazmalt, Aqbu, Amizur…) ur sawḍen ara a d-aɣen awren n uyefki seg Fransa neɣ seg NouYelle Zélande s ssuma izaden aṭas. Imdanen ikcem-iten lḥir imi ittuhttem fell-asen ad aɣen ayefki n uwren ( leḥḍa).
Suma n Uneggaru agi tettqam-d 10 tikal ɣef suma n uyefki n tculiṭ. Ass-a nettwali imdanen ttnadin ɣef tculiṭ n uyefki. Win i d-saḥ tculiṭ n uyefki ittuḥttem fell-as ad yaɣ isufar nniḍen!


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Samedi 20 novembre 2021
Lezzayer : d tamcict i tetten arraw-is
Di lezzayer, leḥsab i txedmeḍ ad tafeḍ xussent tseɛṭac i ɛecrin. Wid iwumi ɣezzif yiles, amenzu d Tebboune i k- yennan: Ilemẓiyen regglen ar Lurup, bɣan ad idiren, ad zhun… mačči d tilelli d weɣrum i ten-yettawin !
Akken qqaren: Iruh a s-ikeḥḥel isderɣel-itt! ɣur-sen tudert mačči d tilelli akken ma tcudd. Amzun rwan medden aɣrum, nutni ula d lbaṭaṭa ur tt-ufin neɣ ur s-zmiren! Ma neḥseb-d ayen ur nettaf di Lezzayer a neččar ikufan d lixsas. Iqeddacen udabu, d kra inemgal, rennun-as afud i wesmerki. Di yal tagnit ad ttalsen i lehdur-a: ilmeẓyen n wass-a, ur d cbin deg-neɣ.
Ttarrant i yinig, i trewla deg teflukin ar Luṛup! Nekni nekker-d di 54 a nessuffeɣ Arumi… Imagdayen yestufan i weskeɛrer ttleqqimen-asen-d awal : Lemmer kkren-d am yiwen ahat i tefra, ahat adabu-ya i sen-yerẓan Ifadden, asirem, a t- rren d ulac, neɣ a t-rren ansi i d yekka di 62 ar tlisa n Merruk d Tunes. Sin iseggasen-aya nutni d tikli, ur ẓrin ula d abrid ara-d aɣen. Ttsuɣun, teddun, ttaqqalen axxam! Tasertit mačči d tukksa n lxiq.
Ilemẓiyen ideg tress tyita n wezduz ḥulfan-as, qerriḥet, maɛna warǧin i knan. Yal tikkelt ideg i sen-d yettunefk wawal, neɣ anda zemren reffden-t, ttaran-d i tuzzma n wid akken i ɣezzif yiles: D kunwi i yefkan afus seg zik, almi i ɣ-teḍra yid-neɣ akka, lemmer i d tekrem am yiwen ula d kunwi si 1962 ass-a ur tt-ḥekmen-ara yemcumen, iḥeqqaren, inekkaren umezruy d tmagit-nneɣ, i ɣ- yeǧǧan nectaq ula d lbaṭaṭa.
Xersum lemmer i ɣ-d tefkam taɛekkazt tili nerna-yas azeḥleli. Ulac ! Kunwi azgen deg-wen yenza ma d wayeḍ yeččur d awal. Ihi nekni neɛya, neẓra ur yelli tin ara nexdem, ifassen-nneɣ d ilmawen, idammen n wid i d yekkren di 2001 werɛad kkawen. Tiyemmatin yiwet ur tesbir. Tessawalem ɣef wayen ur tessinem, amzun akken tarewla terza-yaɣ nekni kan. ɣert iɣmisen, sselt iradyuyat, ma tesnem-as i uselkim muqlet iẓeḍwa n tmetti.
Ilmeẓyen regglen merra, di Tferka Ugafa s umata, d tin Umalu, d Usammer, di Afɣanistan, di Surya, di Miksik di… lḥasun s kra n tmurt anda ḥekmen s udedduz neɣ s ddin ulac ilemẓi yertaḥen. Ulac tudert, ulac tirga, ulac tayri, ulac…
Ma di Lezzayer-a i ɣ-d tesbeddem, yella deg-s ala udebbuz n iǧadarmiyen, teččurem leḥbusat d At YiseƔ, tamuḥqranit, llaẓ yerra tili, tekksem taqbaylit tesǧuǧǧgem taɛrabt d tneslemt. Zik teǧǧim-aɣ-d i nekni s yilemẓiyen tamrart neɣ amadaɣ, tura ternim-aɣ-d taflukt. Terrim-aɣ azekka d aẓekka. Ihi tarewla yessemnaɛen bab-is mačči d lɛib.
(*) Farid Benmokhtar est enseignant de langues et de cultures berbères à l’université Paris 8.


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Rafael Bombelli (ittwaddem neɣ baptisé ass n 20 innayer 1526; immet aseggʷas n 1572) ikka-t-inn iga yan umusnak awṭalyan. Ilul-d g Bulunya, iga amara n yat "traité" istawhemman s waljibeṛ d yan wudem ɣur illa watig ufham n wuṭṭunen isugnanen. G warra-nnes n 1572 nna igan s uzwel L'Algebra (Aljiber), ifra di-s Bombelli kra n tagdiwin s ussemres-nnes i tɣarast n del Ferro/Tartaglia.
Tudert-nnesEdit
Ittwaddem Rafael Bombelli ass n 20 innayer 1526 ammas n Bulunya, n yiwunak n Ibabaten. Iga memmi-s n Antonio Mazzoli, yan usebbab/amseɣsenzi n taḍut, d Diamante Scudieri, illi-s n yan umegnu. Kkan-tt-inn ayt Mazzoli g mayd izrin gan itsen yinedduba ammas n Bulunya, maca llig yuli wis-sin Ibabaten Julius ɣer tenbaḍt aseggʷas n 1506, iḍi-ten kull. Uten ayt Bentivoglio ad d-awin tanbaḍt n Bulunya aseggʷas n 1508 imil feclen.
Yamu jedd-is n Rafael g yirim n "asgerwel n wawank" nna ittawskaren, maca s temgeṛẓa-nnes ittyamaẓ dig-s aha ittwanɣa. Yufa Antonio ad yaɣul ɣer Bulunya, ḍart mayd issenfel ḍfurisem-nnes neɣ d isem n tewja-nnes s Bombelli afadd ingara d tsellit n ayt Mazzoli nna ixxan.


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wellehVB [welleh]
diriger, guider; conseiller, orienter
Flexions wellehtettwelliheḍ tettwellihem ittwellihen welleh iwelleh wellhen ttwellihemt tettwellih ttwellihent wellheɣ twellhem ttwellih yettwellih tettwellihemt wellhet twelleh wellhent ttwelliheɣ nettwellih yettwellihen twellheḍ twellhemt ttwellihet ittwellih ttwellihen wellhemt nwelleh iwellhen
Sources welleh
- BOUAMARA Kamel, Issin : Asegzawal n teqbaylit s teqbaylit, Editions l'Odyssée, Tizi-Ouzou, 2010
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982
Phrases avec le mot welleh
Welleh ar ternuḍ aftat neɣ sin !
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]


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Tlul-d s wudem unṣib Ṛreḥba n udlis amaziɣ deg Wat Wasif. Ad tili seg 2 ar 5 deg waggur n yulyu 2021. Tazrigt-agi tamezwarut, gan-tt yimsuddsen d tajmilt i Mahand Ouidir Ait Amrane, aselway amezwaru n Useqqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa (HCA), u d bab n usefru ‘’Kker a mmi-s umaziɣ’’. Deg tdiwennit i nga akked Mass Halouane, newwi-d awal ɣef uheggi n temlilit, iswiyen-is akked wayen-nniḍen.
Aɣmis n yimaziɣen : Amek i d-tella tekti n Ṛreḥba n udlis amaziɣ n Wat Wasif ?
Hacène Halouane : Tikti-agi n rreḥba n udlis amaziɣ, tlul-d ɣer Mass Aumar Ussaeid. D netta i d-yewwin yid-s tikti n tddukkla Lḥaǧ Lmexttaṛ At Sayd n Tirwal, Ṛreḥba n udlis amaziɣ n At Wasif akked d Timsizzelt n tmedyazt ara d-yasen sya ɣer sdat. Isers-d tikti gar-aneɣ, nedda yid-s.
Ɣef wakken i yeffeɣ wawal, d idlisen kan n tmaziɣt ara yilin din. Ma yella dɣa d tidet, acimi ?
Nenna-d d ṛṛeḥba n udlis amaziɣ. Ad nerr deg-s tajmilt i widen yettarun s tmaziɣt, ad nessuter i yimsizrigen ad ssiferren adlis yuran s tmaziɣt, maca ṛṛeḥba, teldi i tutlayin-nniḍen imi yeweeṛ ad nefk anamek n udlis amaziɣ. Adlis yuran s tmaziɣt, iban ubrid-is. I udlis yuran ɣef tmaziɣt? I win yura Umaziɣ? Yerna, neqqar-it yal tikkelt, tamussni, idles, ur ssinen tilisa.
Acu n yiswiyen i tettraǧum seg rreḥba-a, neɣ i as-tgam ?
Iswi-nneɣ amezwaru: ad nefk tagnit i win yettarun ad yemlil d imeɣri akk d yimsizreg. Akken ma llan bbubben adlis, d nitni i « yesuffuɣen » tikti seg wallaɣ n umeskar s annar n tilawt. D abrid n usugen, n targit… imi tilin mačči d aɣrum kan. Nebɣa ad tuɣal Larbea n At Wasif d ṛṛeḥba…n tikta, n wawal iweznen, n tsekla. Nebɣa adlis amaziɣ ad yaweḍ ɣer tsutwin i d-yttnekkaren. Nebɣa iṭij-nneɣ ad yecṛeq.
Anda yewweḍ uheggi-ines ?
Aheggi? Aql-aɣ nettazzal ad d-nawi s wacu ara nbedd i cɣul am wagi. Neḍmae s kra n win yeena yidles d udlis ad aɣ-d-yessebɣes. Nessaram ad nessiweḍ. Nuzzel, mazal ad nazzel imi asirem-nneɣ meqqer.
Acḥal n tezrigin akked yimura ara yilin din ?
Ad nessiwel i kra n uxxam n usizreg yellan dagi, di tmurt, i win i d-yelhan d udlis amaziɣ. Ma d imura, aṭas deg-sen ur cudden ara ɣer-sent, wid-nni ad ten-id-nenced, ad senzen idlisen-nsen dagi, di ṛṛeḥba-agi. Ma d acḥal ara yilin, ar tura ur neẓri ara acḥal ara d-yerren i teɣri-nneɣ, maca nessaram ad ilin merra.
Acu ara d-tinim i yimdanen i wakken ad d-rzun s waṭas ɣer din ?
Ad d-nini i medden: tamurt-nneɣ d agerruj, nadit fell-as. Tiɣri-nneɣ daɣen i yiminigen. Am wakken i teẓram, aṭas n At Wasif i yeffɣen tamurt n leqbayel si tazwara n lqern wis eecrin, neqqar i wigi: tamurt, d tamurt-nwen, rzut-d ɣur-s, awit-d arraw-nwen ad issinen tamurt n lejdud.
Awal n taggara…
Lebɣi-nneɣ annect-ila-t, assirem-nneɣ meqqer, fket-aɣ-d afus n tallelt akken ad teffeɣ targit-nneɣ, targit-nwen. Tanemmirt ɣef tugnit i d-aɣ tefkam.
Yesteqsa-t Hocine Moula


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Jeudi 10 juin 2021
Tasertit n tmurt, mačči d urar n damma !
Ass n 13 di yunyu 2021, ad tewwet tmagart tamurt.
Awal amezwaru i d-itezzin deg wadmeɣ, d awal-nni n limam Muḥemmed Saïd, deffir tafrent n APN n disamber 1991, mi d-iffeɣ ukabar n FIS d amezwaru : « Issefk Izzayriyen ad beddlen yal tanamit n tselsa-nsen d wučci-nsen, akken ad heggin iman-nsen ad ddun deg ubrid n lqanun n Rebbi ! » (1).
Mačči d asirem n wayen n diri i tmurt iwumi neqqim, d tamuɣli n twaɣit ad d-iḍrun di tafrent n APN i yettheggi Tebboune akked les généraux. Amzun ur zrin 30 iseggasen si tedyant-nni n 1991, amzun ur uzzilen idammen, ur mmuten nnig 200 000 yemdanen, amzun ur tewwiḍ tmurt talast n nnger anda mazal ur d-teffiɣ.
Ass-a, 10 di yunyu, iffeɣ waâbar, ulac tuɣalin ɣer deffir. Wid iṭṭfen adabu fernen abrid-nsen, azekka ad kecmen di temda yerwin ur ssinen.
Tasuddest/stratégie n at udabu akken ad qqimen ad ḥekmen tebna ɣef tḥilett ur nteddu : nwan zemren ‘’ad asen-uraren i yimeṭṭurfan inselmen’’, ad ten-sqedcen akken bɣan, syin ad ten-rren ɣer deffir. D tuccḍa tameqqrant ; yal win yuraren urar-nni akked ‘’watmaten inselmen’’, ifka aqerru-s d asfel, issenger tamurt-is.
At ukaskiḍ (d nitni i iḥekmen, mačči d Tebboune), ur asen-ifki yiwen tamurt gar ifassen-nsen akken ad uraren yis. Sin iseggasen i ldint tebbura n tnekra n talwit, anda yezmer ad d-ilal ugraw n usaka (transition politique), nitni cudden arkasen akken ad cudden tamurt s leḥbas akked taɣdemt usekkak, taggara ad teqqim akken i tella gar ifassen-nsen, i tarwa-nsen zun d tagelda.
Amzun, ma slan-d i tiɣri n ugdud, fkan-d udem s talwit, d tigdi i yugaden neɣ d tuɣalin ɣer deffir !
Ilmend ad malen ɣer wid yuɣen abrid n sswab di tmura nniḍen, wid isersen uzzal, gren afus akken ad tebnu tugdut, nitni ṭṭfen armi tewweḍ anda ara teqres azekka. Ula d tamurt n Sudan tbeddel abrid, teffeɣ si tillas-nni n udabu n Omar el Bachir akked Hassan al-Tourabi (2).
Azekka, ifesyanen imeqqranen n tmurt, d nitni i yeqqnen takeddict (3) i yiman-nsen, mačči d Izzayriyen i yettuɣun akken ad ttwaâllqen deg iberdan. Ur isuɣ yiwen s wawal n ttar.
Ass-a, d nitni i ifernen urar n damma s tmurt n Lezzayer, acku mačči akken i tt-cudden ara teffeɣ. Ugaren-ten aṭas/xilla ‘’watmaten inselmen’’ deg unnar n teḥraymit.
Ugur ameqqran, mačči d aqerru n wa neɣ n win i yaɣ-icqan. Ugur, d immal n tmurt n Lezzayer, d talwit di tmurt n Tamazɣa, n lǧil d lǧil ad d-ilalen.
Talalit i d-slalen wid iḥekmen amussu n taârabt-tinneslemt, azekka ad d-iglu s yiɣisi di tmurt (guerre civil). D iɣisi ur izmir yiwen ad irgel s talwit. Nitni ẓerren kan ɣer wagmuḍ aârab (aẓar, idles, amezruy, tasertit, tazmert…), d ixuniyen n Emirates akked wiyaḍ. Ur telli d tamuɣli n imelyunen n Izzayriyen i d-ikkren di lḥirak-tanekra, wid iẓerren tamurt n Lezzayer d aẓar-nsen, d tamurt-nsen, d aḥric n Tamazɣa yedduklen.
D sin iberdan ur nezmir ad dduklen, ur ttemlilin azekka. Ass n 13 di yunyu, ad tekkes tagut n tkerkas, yal yiwen ad ifren tamaṭ-is.
A. U. L.
Timerna / Notes :
1) Les Algériens sont ainsi informés par l’imam de la mosquée El Arkam, Mohammed Saïd, « à changer leurs habitudes vestimentaires et alimentaires, et à se préparer à l’application de la loi de Dieu » (cité par Le Monde, 31/12/1991).
2) Hassan al-Tourabi (1932-2016), illa d amray amezwaru n Omar El Bachir di tmurt n Sudan, d afus n udabu di tsertit-is n taârabt-tinneslemt, nnig 26 iseggasen.
source : https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_al-Tourabi
3) takeddict : tikersi iteddun, nœud coulant (pour la pendaison).


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Taliwin
Tga Taliwin (s tifinaɣ: ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ) yat tiɣrmt imẓẓyn illan ɣ tsga n Sus-Massa ɣ tamnaḍt n Tarudant ɣ Lmɣrib. Ar ittini usiḍn lli ittyuskar ɣ usggʷas n 2004 mas tiɣrmt ad zdɣn gis tqriban kra n 6706 n imzdaɣ, tugt nnsn gan imaziɣn iclḥiyn ar sawaln taclḥit.
Asnmktasnfl
Ar ittini usiḍn lli ittyuskar ɣ usggʷas n 2014 mas[1]:
Aslmdsnfl
- Tigmiḍi n tqubbanit (middn lli ur ssin ad aqqran wala ad ttaran) : 26.1%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli iɣran ar usinan n usmdi nɣd uggar : 8.7%
Tadamsasnfl
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli llan ɣ isggasn nnsn n twuri : 39.2%
- Tigmiḍi n tarwuri (middn lli ur ṭṭafn tawuri) : 9.9%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin dar lmxzn (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 22.7%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin ɣ uslig (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 43.9%


text:
Tamacahut n Ẓelgum
Macahu ṭellemcahu Rebbi ad id-iselhu ad tt-id-iḍbeɛ am usaru !
Yella zik-nni yiwen n ṣṣelṭan isɛa sin warraw-is : aqcic d teqcict. Kren-d akken d atmaten ttemqadaren, myeḥmalen armi d asmi meqrit. Aqcic, d lawan ad ig aqerru, ad ircel, neɣ ad izweǧ, akken ad yuɣal deg umkan n baba-s. Ṣṣelṭan yewser, inna-yas i mmi-s :
-A mmi tura d lawan, kečč ad tuɣaleḍ d ṣṣelṭan nekk d lewzir seddaw-ak. Ilaq ad ak-neg aqerru, akken ad neg tameɣra ɣef tikelt.
Yenna-yas mmi-s :
-Ihi nekk a baba, limmer ad iyi-tessextireḍ, nekk d Ẓelgum-nneɣ kan ara aɣeɣ.
Kkren imir sewjaden i tmeɣra, ma d Ẓelgum ur s-nnin ara. Ass-n, fkan-as irden ad ten-tefru akken ad ten-ẓden i tmeɣra. Teqqim ɣef umnar tferru, attaya ɣer-s tyaziḍt tessutur cwiṭ n yirdern ad ten-tečč. Tettezzi teqqar-as :
-Qqqaaaqaq efk-iyi ciṭ ad am-mleɣ ! Qqqaaaqaq efk-iyi ciṭ ad am-mleɣ !
Akken akken, tugi ad tessusem, tuɣal Ẓelgum teɛya tḍeqqer-as uraw n yirden, tenna-yas :
-Ax ! Ad kem-id-tass teqriḥt teččiḍ-d aqerru-w !
Tenna-yas tyaziḍt-nni :
-Taqriḥt attan ɣef uqerru-m kemm ara iferrun irden i tmeɣra-s ur teẓri ! Aya, irden-nni la tferruḍ i tmeɣra n Mḥemmed d Ẓelgum !
Akken tesla Ẓelkum i wawal, tekker terwel ɣer teẓgi. Nudan akk fell-as ur tt-ufin. Teqqim acḥal di teẓgi-nni, mi d-yeḥder yiḍ ad tali ɣef tqacuct n tezdayt tugad lewḥuc n teẓgi, mi yuli wass, ad ters ad tnadi ac'ara tečč. Yiwwas, iḍal fell-as lweḥc, teccedha axxam-nsen. Iɛedda-d umeksa, teffer ger waffer teqqar-as :
-Ay ameksa n yiskerci, ajeǧǧiḍ ad k-iherri, ini-as i baba d yemma Ẓelgum attan deg yifri.
Ameksa-nni yesla akken tekb-it tawla yugad. Yeǧǧa din lmal-is yuɣal ɣer taddart d tazzla. Akken iwweḍ, ttqabalen-t-id wid-nni i wimi ikess lmal iqqar-asen ǧǧiɣ-ten-in deg umkan lmuḍeɛflan. Ay sliɣ d way sliɣ. Yewweḍ lexber mmi-s n ṣṣelṭan yeṭṭfen tiɣmert di tejmeɛt. Seg wasmi terwel Ẓelgum ur yettaxer si taddart, yettɛassa ansi ara d-yekk lexbar-is. Ikker s ameksa-nni yesteqsa-t, isuter-as ad t-yawi armi d amkan-nni. Akken wwḍen, yezwar umeksa-nni, mmi-s n ṣṣelṭan yeffer. Tekker Ẓelgum tettales i wayen tenna. Iɛqel-itt gma-s yuɣal s axxam yewwi-d baba-s d yemma-s ad sersen Ẓelgum si tezdayt. Akken i tent-twala, tenna :
-Elay a tazdayt ɛlay lɣaf winna yellan zik d gma-inu ara yuɣalen d argaz-inu !
Tazdayt ad tt-tɣiḍ teqcict dɣa imir ad tali deg yigenni. Ad as-yini ṣṣelṭan :
-Rxu a tazdayt rxu ulamek ulamek ǧǧiɣ tasa-inu !
Mi tesla daɣen akken ad tt-iɣiḍ ṣṣelṭan dɣa ad d-ters. Akken ara truḥ ad taweḍ tamurt ad mmɣen ad tt-id-ṭṭfen, dɣa ad s-tini daɣen Ẓelgum :
-Elay a tazdayt ɛlay lɣaf winna yellan zik d baba-inu ara yuɣalen d amɣar-inu !
Tazdayt daɣen ad tali deg yigenni ugar. Ad yales ṣṣelṭan ad as-yini :
-Rxu a tazdayt rxu ulamek ǧǧiɣ tasa-inu !
Mi d-ters tezdayt-nni ad jelben ad tt-id-ṭṭfen , Ẓelgum ad tini :
-Elay a tazdayt ɛlay lɣaf tinna yellan zik d yemma-inu ara yuɣalen d tamɣart-inu !
Mi tesla akken tazdayt ad tali igenni. Ad inṭeq daɣen ṣṣelṭan ad as-yini :
-Rxu a tazdayt rxu ulamek ǧǧiɣ tasa-inu !
Ters-d tezdayt, akken ttaqrib ad d-taweḍ ɣer lqaɛa, iǧelleb Mḥemmed, yeṭṭef-d Ẓelgum si tḍadec-is armi d-tebbi. Tuɣwas, tenna-yas :
-Ruḥ a gma ad ak-d-ifk Rebbi tiderrit ara k-iseɣlin ad ak-iddu usennan di tgecrirt ad ak-ikref, ur k-id-itekkes yiwen ala taḍadect-agi tebbiḍ !
Tadayt tuli deg yigenni tegguma dayen ad ters. Deg imir i teqqim akken tezdayt d taɣezfant. Ṣṣelṭan d mmi-s uɣalen s axxam, deg ubrid iɣli Mḥemmed yedda-yas usennan akken i s-tenna Ẓelgum. Yekref ur izmir ara ad yelḥu, kkren refden-t armi d axxam, sersen-t di tesga, nudan-as-d akk ṭṭebba n tmurt ulac win izemren ad ikkes asennan.
Yiwwas, tengugel tasa n ¨zelgum iɣaḍ-itt gma-s, ters-d si tezdayt, tesbur ijerbuben am tɛeṭṭar tewwurt ɣef tewwurt n uxxam n ṣṣelṭan tessuter tin n Rebbi. Skecmen-tt s axxam, akken twala gma-s di tesga yeẓẓel ulac awal ulac ad d-yelli iẓri, tuẓa ɣer-s tekkes-as-d asennan-nni teffeɣ s tazzla terwel. Yeḥla mmi-s n ṣṣelṭan, nnan-as d taɛeṭṭart i s-d-yekksen asennan si tgecrirt-is. Yenna-asyen :
-Ur twalam ara ma tekkes-as tḍadect seg ufus ?
Nnan-as :
-Ih, ur tesɛi ara yiwet n tḍadect.
Ifaq imir d weltma-s, iẓra ala Ẓelgum i izemren i usennan s-iddan. Iwwi imawlan-is, ruḥen ɣer teẓgi, akken wwḍen isawel i Ẓelgum iɛude-itt ur tt-yuɣ. Ters-d Ẓelgum si tezdayt, uɣalen akk s axxam. Zewǧen i mmi-s n ṣṣelṭan, wwin-as-d tameṭṭut anida nniḍen, gan tameɣra sebɛa wussan d wuḍan. Seg wass-nni, ur ttemyezwaǧen watmaten.
Tamacahut-iw lwad lwad, ḥkiɣ-tt i warraw n leǧwad, uccen ad t-ixdeɛ Rebbi, nekni ad ɣ-irḥem Rebbi !
(Par ce conte, la sagesse populaire kabyle explique comment ont été délaissées les relations incestueuses. La version française suivra prochainement)


text:
Tella-d lɛid n useggas-a deg tegnatin i ixulfen leɛyudat n yiseggasen yezrin ladɣa deg tmurt n leqbayel.
Xas ulamma d ass n lferḥ d unecreḥ meɛna tafaska n useggas, tusa-d am wakken ẓẓayet ciṭ ɣef wulawen n yimdanen. «Tikkelt-a, mačči kan ur friḥeɣ s lɛid, meɛna ḥezzneɣ imi ilmeẓyen-nneɣ ha-ten-in deg lḥebs. Sɛeddan-tt mebla imawlan akked yimeddukkal», i d-yenna s usḥissef ameqqran yiwen yilemẓi. Tikti-agi, terza aṭas n yiqbayliyen ladɣa imawlan akked yimeddaukkal n wid d tid yellan akka tura deg lḥebs. Wid-nni rran ɣer lḥebs imi lḥan s wannay amaziɣ deg tmesbaniyin n umussun aɣerfan i d-yettilin yal ass n lǧemɛa akked wass n ttlata. Ayen ikemmlen lɣiḍ n yimdanen ɣef taluft-agi n wannay, d akken yal axxam n ccreɛ d amek yeḥkem.
«Amek deg Ɛennaba, serḥen-d i yiwen i ṭṭfen ɣef wannay, deg Cclef, ḥekkmen ɣef sin s sin wagguren n lḥebs melba aneḥbus, ma deg tmanaɣt, ha-ten-in deg unekruf ?», i yesseqsay yiwen umdan. Zyada ɣef taluft-agi n wannay, yella-d uneḥbus n yimdanen i wwin ɣef tikta-nsen, ɣef wakken i d-nnan yibugaṭuten-nsen. Aya akk, yerna-d d ugur-nniḍen ɣer tama n yisuturen n umussu aɣerfan i mazal ur nefri. Am wakken i d-yerna diɣ i wurrif n twaculin i iqublen lɛid tameqqrant n useggas-agi imi neẓẓfent texriḍen-nsent seg tazwara n unebdu: Bdu-tt-in seg lɛid tameẓyant, timeɣriwin n unebdu, imuras akked lɛid-agi tameqqrant, sya ar d-taweḍ, diɣ, tuɣalin ɣer uɣerbaz.
Meɛna ugur ameqqran neɣ tawaɣit tameqqrant, tḥuza ixeddamen n tkebbaniyin i yettwaḥebsen neɣ i yesneqqsen lxedma imi imɛelmen-nsen wwin-ten ɣer lḥebs. Xas ulamma yella-d umeslay ɣef tifrat sɣur lḥukuma, ussan-agi, acu kan ar tura ulac acu i d-ibanen deg unnar, neɣ deg tilawt. Akken yebɣu yili, lɛid tameggazt i yal yiwen.
Hocine Moula


text:
Bgayet – axxam n yizerfan yettwaksen *** Version en français
Aken yebda ubugaṭu Benyoub yettmeslay s tutlayt taqbaylit aken a d-yessufaɣ kra n tlatin n imeḥbas, amezref n wexxam n yizerfan yeḥbes tibeddit, s yin yeffeɣ-d.
Kamel Bouchetta, Bilal Ferdjellah d yimeddukal-nsen ur d-ffiɣen ara ass-a, acku ufan-d iman-nsen d ilelliyen imi taqbaylit yettali ccan-ines.
Tiɣri tenddah, aɛbaṛ yeffaɣ-d s Bgayet, ihi awal a d-yeddu, tutlayt-nneɣ ad tejuǧǧeg!
Tanemmirt i tal tin, i yal win yezwaren tameslayt-ines!


text:
L’impact des médias amazighs (kabyle) sur la transmission de la langue et la culture: Cas de la Radio chaine II et la Radio Tizi-Ouzou.
Date2016-09
Author
Amrouni, Fatiha
Hammi, Razika
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
Tutlayt n tmaziɣt, d tutlayt yebnan ɣef timawit.aɛeddi-ines ɣer tira yelḥa-d deg umezruy tesɛa assaɣ sriḍ ɣer unnar. Tutlayt d nettat i d lsas n yedles,am wakken d allal n taywalt gar yimdanen, ɣef way-a aɛeddi seg usiweḍ n yisallen d usexdem-nsen yiga kra n tdukli d ureṣṣi n tmusni deg tmetti taqbaylit. Iswi n umaṭaf ur yeqqin ara kan ɣer yisalen d tedwilin, imi yufrar s usnerni n tutlayt d unadi ɣef yilugan n tesnelist, d wayen i cudden ɣer yidles imi ugtent tutlayin d yidelsan deg tmurt n Lzayer, annect-a yuklal ad as- nerr azal. Ilmend n way-a id-llan ugar n yimaṭafen, amedya amaṭaf wis II d umaṭaf n Tizi-Wuzu. Deg umahil-nteɣ tamuɣli tagejdant ters ɣer tutlayt d yidles amaziɣ d usmaɣ-ines deg wayen yerzan aḥric n yilɣgduden. Ad neɛreḍ ad d-nbeggen ugur n tugtutlayt, si tama, maca imsefliden iqbayliyen semrasen yal ass tutlayin yemgaraden, tidwilin i d- sɛeddayen imeɣnasen-agi d tbut i aɣ-d-yebeggnen amect-a. Tamukrist: Tidwilin s tulayt n tmaziɣt i d-sɛeddayen deg umaṭaf wis sin d win n Tizi-Wezu tesɛa azal d ameqran deg taɣulin yemgaraden, asentel- agi yessaweḍ ɣer tuttriwin-agi: • Ineɣmasen n umaṭaf n teqbaylit,wissen ma yella ssawaḍen-d izen s teɣda yettwaqeblen? Wissen ma ṭfen tutlayt d aɣbel neɣ ala?. • Tazrizt n yilɣagduden ɣef uṛessi d usiweḍ n tutlayt d yidles amaziɣ (aqbayli). Ayen i aɣ-yeǧǧan nerra lwelha-nneɣ ɣef usentel i tezrawt-a, d amawal n tedwilin i yettusmersen, d wuguren n yal ass id ttmagaren imeɣnasen deg uxeddim-nsen, imi amaṭaf d allal i yesɛan azal d amqran deg usiweḍ d uselmed n tutlayt, ɣef waya ilaq ad ner tilisa i wuguren yugten ladɣa wid n tesnilsit d wiyaḍ, i uḥareb ɣef tutlayt d ugerruj i aɣ- d -ǧǧan lejdud. Anadi-nteɣ yebḍa ɣef kraḍ n yiḥricen: Deg uḥric amenzu ad yili wawal s telqay ɣef wawalen imerḍilen d walen imaynuten id yettekken seg tutlayin tijentaḍin, issexdamen imeɣnasen n umaṭaf n taqbaylit d kra n tbadutin deg ayen icudden ɣer usentel. Deg uḥric wis sin deg-s ad naf awal s wazal-is ɣef temlellit n wawalen i semrasen imeɣnasen n umaṭaf n taqbaylit deg tenfaliyin-nsen. D wanawen n temlellit-agi i yebḍan ɣef kraḍ n yiḥricen s wazal-nsen. Sebbat n usemres-nsen d unalkam-nsen Awal ad yili diɣen s lwelha deg uḥric-agi ɣef umyadef n wawalen d sebbat n usemres-nsen Aḥric amenzu: Deg uḥric wis kraḍ ad neg tasledt n wumuɣ n tuttriwin yettuferqen i yemsefliden n umaṭaf wis II d win n Tizi Wezzu, d kra n timawin yemgaraden uɣur nessaweḍ deg taggara ɣer leḥsab n tririyin-nsen. Tabadut n umaṭaf: D allal n usiweḍ n yisallen s umata, s usemres n tutlayt, rnu ɣer-s d allal n tutlayt gar yimdanen. Tabadut n tutlayt: D agraw n usɣal d yilugan. Tabadut n tutlayt n tyemmat: D tutlayt i d yettawi umdan seg tallit-ines, d tutlayt sway-s i d yeneṭeq i tikkelt tamezwarut. Adiwenni: D tawil n ugmar n tusna s usemres n wallal n taywalt timawin i wakken ad d- nejmeɛ isallen s wassaɣ ɣer yiswi. Umuɣ n tuttriwin: D agraw n yisteqsiyen ara nefk i lmend n ugmar n yisallen d tiktiwin nicudden ɣer usentel n tzrawt..........


text:
Yura-t : Muḥemmed ṬṬAYYBI
« Tudert d taɣerrabut irrẓen, maca war ntettu eemmars taẓyuḍi n uɣennej di tɣarruba n ẓekku » (Voltair, 1694 – 1778)
« Necc ttɣennjeɣ i tudert » (Marvin Gaye,1939-1984)
« ittexs wul-inu ad iɣennej » (tim Curry,1946)
Ammu i ssiwlen imussnawen n umaḍal xef uɣennej d uɣennij, d ta d taɣmart i zi ttwalan aɣennij, ammu i zzay-s ttacan.
S uya ixess ad nerr taynit aṭṭas urid drus i tẓuri-ya di temnaḍt n Arrif minzi ɣar-s ijj n umezruy yuɣba issenta-d aked usenti n tudert di Arrif ilul-d llɣa n uɣennij Arifi s tazzla n waman deg yiɣezran d leewin ittẓemmaren di lemyazb n tzeɣwin …
S uya deg umegrad-a ad nerr taynit i ijj zeg imeqqranen n uɣennij Arifi « Ḥasan Tibarint » ittwassnen deg wazzarg n tẓuri s yisem « Ḥasan Uryu », ḥuma ad nessen ujar, ad nessers ijt n tesmmuḍt n iseqsan am : mamec teyma tudert n Ḥasan Tibarint?
Min ixes ad issiweḍ deg uɣennij-nnes?
Man udmawen d man llɣa i nettaf deg uɣennij n Ḥassan tibarint?
Mani nttaca s tegrawla g uɣennij n Tibarint?
Man tagrumma g unamun xef isɣuyyu unaẓur Ḥassan Tibarinnt?
Tyumi n Ḥasan Tibarint :
Ilul unaẓuṛ Ḥasan Tibarnit deg usegg°as n 1955 di « twissent Sidi Bubker » di tendint n Jrada, aẓwar n imarawen-nnes seg Ayt Sidal-Nnaḍur, di temnaḍt-a illa udrar n yiksan i tuɣa iḥewwes uḥewwas Asepanyu, s uya ijja wansa-nni ayezzim deg ayt bab-nnes s min dasen-imsaren d aseḥqar d tmenɣiwin deg ayt bab n tmurt i wer yufin wi dasen-ɣa-iswiẓẓḍen fus s tzemmar minzi tizemmar-nnsen d tiquḍaḍin arendad n tzemmar n uḥewwas ḥma ad d-rren tisqqart-nnsen ittwaḥewwsen.
Waxxa wcin imjahden tarwa n tmurt idammen-nnsen, rrin-d acal ittwacren maca immutti uyezzim-nni zi lejdud ɣer wayyawen n wayyawen-nnsen. Ammu yiyma unaẓur Ḥasan Uryu iqas tarẓugi i di idder Arrif, immutti uyezzim i zi ttacan qae Irifiyen ɣer ugensu n Ḥasan i ɣa yilin d anaẓur, yurem di twengimt-nnes s umezruy i isla d min iẓra d min ittwala s tiṭṭawin-nnes aṭṭas n ixarrisen mxumblen xef tudert n ijj n uydud ittwacer-as walli tettwacer-as tumert d tudert izdigen.
Manis yuyem Tibarint aẓawan ?
Mamec i d-yusa xef yiles n unaẓur Ḥasan Tibarint belli aɣbal amezwaru isleqḥen tẓuri n uẓawan di tudert-nnes d baba-s, minzi tuɣa-t zeg iwdan ittekksen nnefs i temja, issen ad day-s issuḍ, zi ssenni yufa Tibarint ixef-nnes di tebridt n llɣa issenta ilemmed zi temẓi di temja niɣ deg iqedwaḥ-nni i tteggen iḥenjiren imeẓẓyanen s minma ufin, tamja s uɣanim niɣ gambri s uqedduḥ n pintura d ssluk, waxxa imɣer cway Tibarint deg iseggusa maca iqqim iṭṭef deg ucbar n uɣennij isselmed ixef-nnes s yixf-nnes, waxxa tizemmar d tiquḍaḍin maca aẓawan ittazzel deg idammen am ca n druga min yufa zzat-s ad zzay-s d-yalem llɣa.
Tuɣa ssaɣen imassen n uɣennej ittwaxdmen ɣir s lxurda ԑeddlen-ten, ilmed ad iwwet di giṭara s ufafi, idḥa issen ad issefrez jer tefraz n llɣa, minzi tuɣa isḥessa i llɣawat n dduniyt ttuɣa itteԑjib-as uɣennij n ccerq minzi ttuɣa iԑeddu-d aṭṭas x arradyu am : « Muḥemmed Ɛebdelwehhab, Farid Laṭṛac, Ɛebdelḥalim Ḥafeḍ ..) ibda ittɣennaj iɣennijen n « Ɛebdelhadi belxeyyaṭ », awern-as iwelleh ɣar uɣennij aɣiwani deg iseggusa n 70 ibna taseḍma n ileyzam ssufɣen-d iɣennijen-nnsen d imaynuten mquddan la di tiddi ula di tebratin .
Zegga msebḍant tseḍmiwin, wer imsebḍi Tibarint akd uɣennij Arifi, isiɣi al lextu aked lԑud d yiwalen yulmen, abrid n Ḥasan ԑemmer-s ma ttuɣa-t issu s nnewwac s uyenni nettaca deg uɣennij-nnes lebda s uxeyyeq d tiqqest .
Arcam n Ḥasan Tibarint deg uɣennij Arifi n yiḍennaḍ :
- aɣennij n iseggʷusa n 70
Aɣennij n Arrif iẓra ijj n wudem d amaynu deg iseggusa n 70, awareni ma ttuɣa llan yizlan n imedyazen d tmedyazin i iṭṭfen azzareg n uɣennij di Arrif ɣir s wallun d ẓẓamer zzag-sen wi issadafen ula d leud, nettaf deg uɣezdis-a « Malika Nnaḍuriya, Muḥemmed Adrawi, Malika Lfarxanya, Faṭima Nnaḍuriya, Farid Nnaḍuri, Tarwa n ccix Muḥend, Mimunt n Serwan d Mudrus » d waṭṭas nniḍen.
Ittwassen wudem-a amaynu s tesfayt taɣiwant, tasfayt-a tlul-d aked waṭṭas n tseḍmiwin di Arrif rrint taynit i waṭṭas n yigran iqqnen ɣer tudert n weydud Arifi am: tɣuyyit xef tseqqar, tɣuni n Irifiyen aked tmurtènnsen, tikessit zeg ufus n temɣart d waddur-nnes, tazzla xef uḥewwas, adwal ɣer uẓwar, asili s ccan n Tmaziɣt d Imaziɣen… lulent-id aṭṭas n tseḍmiwin di Nnaḍur, Azɣenɣan, Aeerwi am : Yin Umaziɣ, Isefḍawen, Benneeman, Lxawalid, Assam, Iseɣwan, Ileyzam » d Lḥusima am « Ttwattun, Tidrin… » .
- arcam n Ḥasan Tibarint deg uɣennij Arifi
« Ileyzam » d ijt zi tseḍmiwin i d-neydar tuɣa-tt s tmezwura i iksin asfeḍ n uɣennij Arifi iggin ddriz deg iyyar n tẓuṛi n uẓawan tesmun jar llɣa n Arrif azayku d cway zi tiqqeɣt n llɣa Aɣiwani deg iseggusa n 70.
Nitni d ijt n tjummijt n iḥudriyen zeg ijt n tendint d tameẓẓyant « Aԑerwi » mladasen ixarrisen-nnsen, ggin fus deg ufus ufin ixef-nnsen deg uɣennij d tɣuni n yiwalen aked llɣa yulmen. Igga tizemmar meɣrent unaẓur Tibarint waxxa jjehd yudrus, ḥma ad tbedd tseḍma n Ileyzam xef iḍaren-nnes aked ca n iḥudriyen-nniḍen wellhen ɣar uẓawan d uɣennij Arifi « Ṣeddiq Ɛemmuri, Muḥemmed Ɛezzuzi, Ɛezzuzi Saԑid », « Ileyzam » zegga tuɣa i dasen-qqaren « inni n yiɣzar » minzi ttmunan deg ij n uxxam x tma n yiɣzar ttwassnen zi tmcant-nni, maca Ḥasan Tibarint igga-as isem n « Ileyzam » minzi ittwala day-s aṭṭas n tebratin am tɣuzi d lebni d taẓẓut d tarezzut …
Ssufɣen-d aṭṭas n iɣennijen ggin day-sen tizemmar ḥma ad qqnen jar tsuta ten-iԑdun d tsuta-nnsen, ssidfen llɣa n wallun n yizlan d imedyazen rnin xaf-s imassen n uɣennej d imaynuten am ṭṭamṭam, banju, agiṭar.. D llɣa d aɣiwani ijebbed wi t- islan minzi imqudda la di tiddi-nnes ula di tebratin d isental-nnes, ssifen deg iɣennijen -nnsen mɣar tibratin ittacmen ayezzim n uydud Arifi am :
- Tɣawsa tamaziɣt deg uɣennij : Uletma tmaziɣt .
- imunas n uydud, laẓ d uɣarreb d useḥqaṛ d wenԑarq deg iɣennijen : iwa ruḥ, necc uyurɣ, war ttru a mmi ..
Tegga tseḍma n Ileyzam amcan-nnes jar imeqqranen d imeẓẓyanen n uydud Arifi minzi nzemmar ad nini belli taseḍma-ya d yelli-s n lweqt-nnes tesmun mummu n iḥudriyen igrawlyen, ttuɣa marra tarwa n Arrif ffuden i wi zzay-sen ɣa-yacan d wi ɣa issuɣlen imunas-nnsen s ca n tebridt, taseḍma n ileyzam d tinniḍen ssuɣlent imunas-a ɣar tẓuri n uẓawan .
Zegga temsebḍa tseḍma n « Ileyzam » g usegg°as n 1980 , immutti unaẓur Ḥasan Uryu ɣar tseḍma n « In umaziɣ » yerni deg usneflul d isuraf-nnes , awern-as yirar Ḥasan Tibarint aked waṭṭas n inaẓuren am « Mimun Rreḥmuni » .
Deg umeggaru yixḍaṛ unaẓur Tibarint ad isiɣi deg ubrid n uɣennij Arifi waxxa msebḍan imeddukal-nnes aṭṭas ffɣen tammurt telԑen d asitem i yijt n tudert tif tenni jjin di tmurt-nnsen, igga lԑud d amddukel ԑemmars war immexs asneflul d uɣennej xef lemḥayen d imunas d tiqqas i itteddar uydud Arifi deg umezruy-nnes al ass-a, icrec deg waṭṭas n wuraren d tfugliwin s uɣennij Arifi lebda smeqqarant zzay-s tmesmunin ittawi d tisemɣurin d timeqqranin, issufeɣ-d tasfift n « tara » deg usegg°as n 2016 di Biljik ismun day-s iɣennijen-nnes s ijt n tebridt d tamaynut tseggd d tamezdagt .
Tifraz n tegrawla deg uɣennij n Ḥasan Tibarint :
Ad nessiwel deg uɣezdis-a xef Ḥasan Tibarint agrawli icuqen abrid issuren s usennan idder tarẓugi ikkin xef Arrif jar iseggusa n 50 ar lextu tekka xaf-s di temsarin n 1984, yuca s tiqqest d useḥqar issekk lmexzn xef tarwa n Arrif di lweqt- nni, ura d netta inna uhu war t-ijji yiman-nnes ad issusem, isɣuyy deg ujenna s tmijja teqḍeԑ
« uɣil x–anɣ ad nessendef ayezzum mala d ṭṭli
ǔɣil ad nenndref, mala nԑebbed tili »
Marra iɣennijen n unaẓur Ḥasan Uryu nettaca day-sen s uxeyyeq d tgrawla ad neydar zzay-sen :
- tilelli (liberté) : iwalen n dduktur « Qayes Merzuq Lweryaci » d ijj n uɣennij yulem day-s tanukra d usfaqi:
« Xseɣ ad ayi–tinim, mayemmi kenniw teṭṭsem ?
Mayemmi tbellԑem imi, ula d ijj war ittxemmam ?»
« tfuct marra nneɣ, walli ḥaca nnsen
ɣar–k ad ten–tejjed, ad ggen min xsen »
Day-s ԑawed anaruz i uydud maḥend war iqeṭṭeԑ layas d ulaɣi ɣar tmunit ḥma ad yaweḍ ɣar tlelli :
« lebda aydud imunen, ԑemmars netta ad t–ɣelben »
« xseɣ ad ayi–tinim man abrid ittawyen ?
Man abrid isscanan i tawmat ad munen ? »
Ula d llɣa-nnes ifsus ittegg deg uterras lḥamas aɣennij-a ismun jar qaԑ tisutiwin d yik°lan n uɣennij Arifi, ԑemmars ad immet.
- isfuffi–d uԑeqqa : taqessist n uzlawi d umeɣnas « Saԑid Lmusawi » seg uzwel-nnes nettessn belli asentel-nnes yuɣba ula deg ugensu n tqessist teccur s tewlafin d inumak, issemqudda-tt unaẓur Tibarnit s yijn ubeṭṭu di smmus n izegnan :
Amezwaru
« ferrneɣ azdad n waẓli, deg uxeccab n iẓelyawen
A min ɣa–tfaren lxezrat i d–ihnunnyen s imeṭṭawen
Ihnunni–d kid–s wabel, necc rubiɣ netta issnen »
Wiss sin
« inna-ayi cek d amezwar, inneḍni ԑad ad d-asen
ulmeɣ zzay–s abeḥrur i tlata n iɣennijen »
wiss kṛaḍ
« Ijj i nnewwac iɣḍlen afar, idḥa-ayi d inexsisen
Ijj i tziri war tenni ad teɣli, d tallest war iԑlimen
Ijj i yiɣzar alami yuzeɣ, war iciwar wi iffuden »
Wiss kkuẓ
«Day–k Rebbi, ya lagg°aj n yibriden
War dayi–ccat xef iẓewran, ama nniɣ ԑad ad d–sɣemyen »
Wiss smmus
«I mala cal, tuɣa iẓra ussan i danɣ–icemten
Ad isfuffi s uԑeqqa ittwattun xef idemrawen »
Aɣennij-a day-s aṭṭas n lallaɣ kul amsḥessi mamec zzay-s ɣa-yaca, day-s amezruy day-s tifeqqaԑ day-s tudert ittwacren day-s amsebḍi d lqsuḥyyet n tecli deg yibriden n tudert .
- min neԑna neccin : iksi-tt deg iseggusa n 70 xef ijj n uselmad d Usԑid « Xalid Nunuḥi » i tt-id-iksin xef ḥenna-s. ijt n tqessist day-s tamrarut xef waṭṭaṣ n iseqsan, ittejjan Irifyen ad ssnen ixef-nsen ad d-rren tamagit-nnsen ad sgenfan iyezzimen-nnsen :
iseqsan
« mayemmi azil-nneɣ d llilet ?
Mayemmi lefraḥt–nneɣ d rzeyyet ?
Mayemmi awal–nneɣ d tiseḍḥac ?
Min neԑna neccin ? manis d–nekka neccin ?
timrarutin
Neccin d aytbab n tmurt
Neccin yuzzlen xef urumi
Neccin yarfԑen taԑellamt
Neccin d yiwyen tilelli
Nzemmar ad nini awarn-i tɣuri-ya di tudert d usneflul n Ḥasan Tibarint belli ntta d aẓwer deg uɣennij n Arrif, iksi asafu n uẓawan deg ijj n ubrid d azegrar war ɣar-s ameggaru, deg uɣennij-nnes nettedder tiqqas ikkin xef tmurt n Arrif deg umezruy d ԑad war zzay-sent iggenfi, s ijt n taryazt d tameqqṛant isɣuyy s yiwalen tteqqsen deg ulawen, s manaya war nttettu belli anaẓur n Arrif iwca i tɣawsiwin itteddar wamun Amaziɣ di Arrif, ixess ula d neccin ad nerr xef tzemmar-nnes s tkessit n ufus d uswizi zi qaԑ iɣezdisa n tudert-nnes i war d iddikk°ilen ԑemmars.


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Lebda Paris ttuɣa-tt d tamedint n tẓuri, asefru d tsekla zeg uzgen n lqern n 19. Fransa dag-s aṭṭas n isalayen (musées), luluf n telwiḥin n tẓuri i dag-s ittwafsaren ; aberru n imariten d inaẓuren i ila dag-s i zeddɣen zeg umaḍal amen yekmel. D wa d wudem ameqqran i nettessen aṭṭas x Fransa la deg idlisen la deg ifilmawen.
Zeg uɣezdis-nniḍen, Fransa ttuɣa-tt d raq mani ttuɣa tteggen tassaẓurt (racisme), ɣeṭṭlen zeg iberkanen n yilem, tiwwi-d ɛawed abarru zzag-sen di girrat-nnes ikulunyaliyen bac ad xedmen ɣer iburjwaẓiyen Ifransisen.
Ca zeg Ifransisen ila ttemsurrufen aked iberkanen axmi ttwaxelqen-d bac ad ilin d isemɣan i wergaz acemlal. Waxxa d iwdan ila ixeddmen di tẓuri d tussna ila ttbeddan x isemɣan bac a zzag-sen ggen tilwiḥin, i yejjin lxezrat-nni n useḥqar tewta iẓewran-nnes.
Ijjen zi tufrint-nni (élite) netta d aressam Afransis Jean Fréderic Bazille (1841-1870) i ttuɣa yellan d ijjen zi terbiɛt n « impressionnisme » i ttuɣa iressmen di tuzzegzewt d ugama. Maca di twalat d ijten, illa itteɛjib-as ad yerr zi ẓẓelḍ n iberkanen d isental n tẓuri.
Yudef Bazille deg ij n ustudyu i isselmaden tẓuri takadimit mani imselqa aked waṭṭas n artistat am netta ; zzag-sen Monet, Renoir d Sisley. Bazille d waṭṭas n imeddukal-nnes ikadimiyen ila xeddmen deg ugama, ar mani i d-iban umi qqaren «impressionnisme».
Deg useggas n 1870 ad nɣen Bazille di girra Tabrusit-Tafransist, ijja awern-as ij n wagla n telwiḥin, i di xezzren yiḍ-a axmi d limart n tamara i yekkin x ayt bab n yilem aberkan di tmurt umi qqaren « tamdint n Tfawin ».
Taḥudriyt n tnewwacin
Deg umeggaru n tfeswin n 1870, qbel i drus n wayyuren i di ɣa teḍḍuqqez girra Tafransist-Tabrusit i di ittwaneɣ netta, irsem netta ijten zi telwiḥin itikunin (icônes) i yellan ass-a d amedya d lḥal anamun (social) i di ttuɣa tteddren ayt bu yilem aberkan.
Taḥudriyt aked tnewwacin niɣ Tamɣart taɛerbanit aked tnewwacin. D ijj n tḥudriyt d taɛerbanit tettnhella di ca n tnewwacin d nettta txezzer s uxeyyeq ɣer artista. Tiyreḍ ij n uḥewwaq, tesslufa nnwac imsebḍan deg ikuluriten-nnes zzat i yijjen lḥiḍ d anifasi.
Am Bazille am yinniḍen, Claude Monet ula d netta irsem ijjen telwiḥt am tanita, dag-s ittban ijjen uxeddam d aberkan issuja-d ij n tqebbiḍt n nnwac ɣer ijjen lmuḥesna teẓẓel x qama.
Bazille ula d netta irsem ijjen telwiḥt-nniḍen i temɣart-a s ixef-nnes d nettat terra udem-nnes x uressam maḥend ad teḍfer ttahellu di nnwac. Talwiḥt-a aqqa-tt lextu deg ijjen tsemmuḍt n usefsar anamur Afransis n tẓuriwin.
Talwiḥt-a tessawal x ijjen temɣart d taberkant tetteṭṭef s ijj n ufus aqebbiḍ n Fawniya deg ijj n tsullet, mani fus-nnes nniḍen ittsiɣa ɣer uressam niɣ ɣer wenni issaɣen.
Tissumɣa d ijj n ḥajet nurmal zi tudert takuyast
Mala nessers tawliḥt-a i yersem Bazille deg usatal-nnes (1870) mani ijjen uberkan d niɣ d taayya xeddmen ɣer iburjwaiyen, manaya ila ittwaḥsab nurmal di lweqt-nni, waxxa talwiḥt-nni tettwarsem zegga kksen tissumɣa deg useggas n 1848.
Talwiḥt-a tettagem asentel-nnes zi tudert i ttuɣa tteddren Iwruppiyen, maci am tilwiḥin ila issawalen x lexdayem n tturah d iwnjilen ila yellan di min yeɛdan.
Amedya i issexdem Bazille, issawal da x ijjen d temɣart d taberkant d tilellit, maci d tayya, maca mayemmi i tettban ila wer telli ca d tilellit, teḍḍhar-d d tayya ?
Di lweqt mani tissumɣa ila tettwakkes zi lqanun n Fransa, aṭṭas zeg ayt bab n yilem aberkan ttemsurrufen akid-sen axmi wer llin.
Monet d Bazille d inniḍen, qqimen tsewwaren ayt bu yilem aberkan axmi d isemɣan, waxxa wwḍen ad ṭṭfen tilelli-nnsen maca qqimen lebda s wadday i wamun, managa yegga-as-ten ukulur n yilem-nnsen.


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Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1 ɣuct 1744 - 18 dujamber 1829) d aserdas ilan (yesean) d Afṛensaw n teɣlent, akken iga daɣen d amesnudran, d akadim d amsalel seg tazwara i tekti n teẓri n temhazt tasnudrant d akken-it anelfu (aneḍru) i d-illan yerna ikemmel ilmend n yisuḍaf igamanen Lamarck ittekka deg umsenɣi n 7 n yiseggasen mgal Prusya, yewwi-d tazalɣi n tebɣest-is deg wannar n umennuɣ, sin akkin igguǧ ɣer Munaku, yuɣal Lamarck yefka azal i umezruy n ugama akken iy guccel ɣef tezrawt n tesnujjya, yestaɣ seg tsardast ass mi yeffudi deg useggas n 1766 i wakken ad yuɣal ɣer tezrawt n tesnujjya Lamarck yessnerni azal i tesnimɣant seld imi i d-yezzuzer amahil igebren seg 3 n yimaddaden (Flour Francoise (1778)) , yewwi-d tigmemt takadimt tafransist i tmussniwin deg useggas n 1779, Lamarck yuɣal d aselmad n tesnɣersiwt ass mi i d-tesbedd tiddukla taɣelnawt tafransist asalay aɣelnaw i umezruy agaman deg useggas n 1793
Deg useggas 1801 yezzuzer-d adlis "anagraw n tnaɣlalin" igan d amahil-is agejdan deg usesmel n tnaɣlalin , d irem yessaleɣ-it deg useggas 1802
Lamarck yettumeggez d amezwaru isxedmen irem n tesnudert s unamek-is atrar, ikemmel amahil-is am umnir agejdan deg tesnɣersiwt n tnaɣlalin.
Lamarck yettumektayed deg tallit tatrart s teẓri n tukkest n tmeskanin inelmiẓen i yettusemman tukkest taleggaɣt, dɣa ibder-itt-id deg udlis-is afelsaf n tesnɣersiwt deg useggas 1809, maca tikti n teẓri-ayi tella send n usnefli n temhazt ayyi yerna tessileɣ-d anagar kra n wamur meẓẓiyen seg teẓri n temhezt, akken i tella tettwaddeg (yettwaqbel) deg tallit-is sɣur kra n yimazrayen igamanen. uttekki n Lamarck yettumeggez deg temhazt d tiẓri tamezwarut i yettwaṭṭfen i temhezt tasnudrant anda idemmer tadusi n tseggugra takrurant imuddiren ɣer teskala n usukres, tguwes tadusi n twennaṭ s ussezgi-ines d twennaṭin tidiganin s usexdem-ines iferdisen, d ukkas wid nniḍen, d usemgired gar-asen, d yimuddiren niden


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Xinsiya n Martcika, i d-yusin deg useggas n 2010, maḥend a terr taynit i ugelmam n Martcika (lebḥer ameáºáºyan) i d-ibeddan zeg Uá¹alayun ar Arekman, ad t-tessizdeg zeg ifuraḠi dag-s.
Ttekritikan aá¹á¹as n yewdan xinsiya-ya minzi waxxa teÉda ká¹er zi Éecra iseggusa zeg wami tettwagg, Éad agelmam-a ittÉic xirebbi n yemxumbal, jarká¹er inni i yeqqnen É£er ifuraḠn plastik i d-ihekk°wan É£er ugelmam melmi mma yewta cwayt wenáºar.
Imeá¸faren ttwalan belli Xinsiya-ya wer teggi ca lxedmet-nnes amen tenna, wer tiwiḠca É£er min xef d-tusa ad texdem deg umezwaryu.
Zeg uÉ£ezdis-nniá¸en, nettaf Xinsya-ya tbedd x ca n isenfaren zeÉma maḥend ad ggen tyumi i wemkan-a asebḥan. Ḥaca tyumi-ya ittwaggen, wer teksi qqaÉ s taynit, ismawen n yimukan i yellan x tmewwa n Marticka d ifutas-nnes.
Zeg imedyaten n manaya, xminni náºerr taÉrurt n Taliwin, i idewlen qqaren-as imezdaÉ£, Aá¹alayun. Nettaf xinsiya n Martcika tura « TelÉyun : taÉrurt n tiá¹á¹awin ». Ká¹er zi manaya, wer iqqim ḥedd isxeddam « lluÉ£a lbarbariya » mÉ£ir xinsiya-ya tanita.
Maci ḥa manaya, merra ismawen i tegga Martcika i isenfaren-nnes n jjdid, tixá¸ar-asen ismawen d AÉÉraben, wer É£er-sen qqaÉ tÉ£uni aked ismawen isxeddamen imezdaÉ£ n temdint i yessawalen ḥa TmaziÉ£t. Mamec wer ttweqqiren ca Taá¹upunimit n Martcika. Imedyaten n manaya, ameknaw « tamdint n Lbeḥrayen, lmadina ljadida, qaryat seyyadin »..
Amek yettwassen ila asenfar n Martcika ggin-as 26 melyar n dderhem, maca wer wwiá¸en ad ggen ijj n usit ittwaqqaren iles n Arrif, ad yari s yiles-nnsen, mamec wer ttweqqiren la d ismawen n imukan i yellan di Nnaá¸ur, bac ad ten-ḥá¸an zeg uweá¸á¸er d usÉerreb.


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yan mmi tlla tins ɣ dar middn
yan mmi tlla tins ɣ dar middn itabea awal
bismillah ad nasi laelam win rbbi d win nun
ṣṣalḥin willi ittɣitn swayn (?) ɣ waman
a lawliya kullu n ddunit hajrɣ daɣ srun
ad tḍalbm agllid mqqurn lli igan ḍḍamn
n kuyan ad aɣ rẓmn lawbab ad ...
tazzla ad tusit a ddunit lɣwcim irja knt
ad km iɣwi s ufus ar ukan gim ittgaṭaɛ
lfitna ɣ ddunit ṭṭmɛ ijla middn uḥln
hann a gwma ddunit ar tzayad ɣar lhmumat
d lktrt n jjiwaj ddin ur tn yad ɛaqqln
a lmskin ixxiyr-k rbbi hann kiyyin thnnat
walaynni ad tṣbrt lxir aɣ awn illa d lixrt
ur aɣ-d isngadda rbbi larzaq ur gin yan
gan i kra zund lɛin lmlk ingadda d waman
gan i kra zund asif usin as ɣ uggugn aman
ar isswa ar ikkrz ard kafan ciḍn-d waman


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Aziweɣ (amtiweg)
Aziweɣ neɣ Merkur (azamul-is: ) d amtiweg meẓẓiyen deg wudus anafuk yerna d netta i yudsen (iqerben) yakk ɣer tfukt. Imaziɣen zik-nni fkan-as isem n «uziweɣ», aẓaṛ n yisem-a yekka-d seg z w ɣ yefkan assaɣ ɣer tezweɣ d weẓɣal. Ma d tutlayin n iɣerfan ur nessin ara amtiweg-a ssexdament isem Alatin yettaken assaɣ i yellu n tnezzayt ɣer iṛumanen.
Aqqaṛ n uziweɣ ila (isɛa) azal n 4880 km ma d takura-ines tegda 0.055 n tkura n tegnit. Yettfakka-d yiwet n tuzzya tummidt ɣef tfukt deg 87.969 n wussan. Anfal amezzay n umtiweg-a d win ilan (isɛan) atig meqqren yakk gar n yimtiwgen n udus anafuk akken ila annuz agellusan meẓẓiyen yakk gar-asen anda i d-ittfakka 3 n tuzzyiwin ɣef ugellus-is i yal snat n tuzzyiwin timezzayin. Afafuk deg tmezzit n uziweɣ deg umussu-ines azazwar d win yettbeddilen s yisig n 43 n tesdatin tiganzawin deg yal tasut. Annecta yella-d fell-as usegzi sɣuṛ n teẓri n timasseɣt tamatut n Albert Einstein deg tazwara n tsut tis 20.[1]
Aziweɣ yettbin-d d aseflalay mi ara ad tiwali wemdan deg tegnit, Azal-is amaskad iga gar n -2.3 alamma d 5.7 d acu kan mači d ayen ifraren (isehlen) ad yettwaẓeray deg tehriwin yeflalen am akken i yettwaẓeray deg tehriwin n wadda d tid n tlemmast aladɣa mi ara ad yili deg tegnit n wenzeɣ Afellay s wassaɣ ɣer tfukt, Dɣa taseddaṛt n wenzeɣ-a tga 28,3° send ma ad tefrar tfukt neɣ seld n uɣelluy. Ulac win izemren ad iwali aziweɣ deg tafat n wass anagar imanayen neɣ deg talliyin n wefsax n uɣrid tfukt mi ara ad yekk zdat n tegra n wefsax-a, anelfuy-a (aneḍru agi) 13 n tikkal deg yal tasut.
Isalan yellan ɣef uziweɣ drus-it s umata, acku imsaddasen n tegnit sbanen-d anagar imuren izin-ziren n tjumma-ines. Tanawt tamezwarut yakk yerzan ɣer uziweɣ tga d Mariner 10 i d-ifkan tigertilin i wazal n 45% seg tjumma-ines seg useggas n 1974 alamma d 1975. Ma d asikel wis sin yella-d s tanawt n MESSENGER i d-irnan azal n 30% seg tigertilin n umtiweg-a ass mi i d-ikka zdat-s deg wass n 14 yennayer 2008
Talɣa n uziweɣ d tin yettemcabin ɣer wayyur acku igber seg waṭas n tkucin timackaṭin d izaɣaren d tamiwin tileggaɣin, Aziweɣ ur ila ara (ur yesɛa ara) tignut tamtiwgant d wayyur agaman maca ila aɣyay n wuzzal s tenmegla n wayyur, ayen i d-t-ittaǧǧan ad isnulfu iger adekran igdan 1% n watig n yidef adekran n tegnit. Tineẓẓi n umtiweg-a tga d tasureft s wassaɣ ɣer ubleɣ-ines s usrag n ubleɣ n weɣyay-is meqqren,[2] ma d taẓɣelt-is d tin yettbeddilen s tuget anda deg wass tessawaṭ ger n 90 alamma d 700 C° ma deg yiṭ ɣezzifen tezmer ad tader alamma d -150C°.
Temẓi n uziweɣ teǧǧa-t ad yili meẓẓiy ɣef kra n wayyuren icafcalen am ganimid d titan, tasuddest-is tga 70% d imɣuzen yakk d 30% d silikat,[3] ma d tineẓẓi-ines tga d tineẓẓi yeflalen tis snat deg wudus anafuk, tugar-itt tineẓẓi n tegnit s wazal n 5.515 g/cm³ kan.[4]
Annay n uziweɣẒreg
Azal amaskad n uziweɣ d win igan gar n -2.3 ɣer +5.7 (d aseflalay ugar n iserɣi), ma d atig afellay yakk n wazal-is amaskad yettili-d mi ara ad yili yudes ɣer tfukt.[5] Annay n uziweɣ d acuran amacemma s usrag (s sebba) n waddas-is ɣer tfukt maca yezmer wemdan ad tiẓer deg wakuden tefrara d wednunnes, Dɣa timeẓriwt d wannay n uziweɣ d win isehlen deg wezgen anaẓul n tegnit wala deg wezgen agafan
Aziweɣ ɣer imezwuraẒreg
Tifelwiyin n (Mul.Apin) ttumeggzent d tamawin timzikin (tiqburin) tisnallanin yakk ɣef uziweɣ. Imusnawen ttɣilen d akken tifelwiyin-a xdmen-iten-id iwasuren deg tsut tis 14 s.t,[6] Tasuɣelt n tira tunttirt n yisem n umtiweg-a deg tfelwit tusa-d s unamek n “Amanttag”.[7] Ifuyla ibablen i uziweɣ ttuɣalen ɣer tengimt tamezwarut st anda i sessemman nabu i d-isgensisen yellu n tesnagt d tira s unect n tumgisent-nsen. Ma yella ɣer yegriken deg tallit n Hesiodo ssnemlen-d amtiweg-a akken i sefkan isem n «Stílvon, EtίλBwv» yakk d «Hermàon, Ἑpuάwv) acku llan ttɣilen d akken iga d snat n tfekkiwen yettwabṭan, sin akin fkan-as isem n Apullu ass mi i d-ittbanay deg wakud n tefrar yakk d Hermes mi ara ad ibin deg wakud n wednunnes. Deg tsut tis 4 st ufan-d imesnallunen igriken d akken ismawen-a ttwanefken i yiwen n umtiweg.[8] Sin akin, iṛumanen fkan-as isem n «Mercurius» yettmagaren yellu Hermes ɣer yigriken acku yettewlilwel s urured ugar n yal amtiweg niden. Amusnaw Ameẓeran-Aṛuman Klawdius Pṭilimus yura ɣef wezray n uziweɣ zdat n tfukt akken i d-issumer d akken azray-a ur d-ittbanay ara acku azray-a ur d-yettales ara terna aziweɣ d ameẓyan.[9].
Tanaramt n uziweɣ s imsaddasen inegniyenẒreg
Annay anezwaru yakk i uziweɣ s umsaddas yella-d deg tsut tis 17 sɣuṛ n umesnallun Galileo Galilei anda i yerra tamawt ɣer wannuf amtiwgan ass mi i d-yuni tatrit maca amsaddas-is ur yelli ara d win igedṛen i wakken ad iwali annuf n uziweɣ. Ma d Pierre Gassendi ixdem-d deg useggas n 1631 yiwen n umsaddas s waci i yezmer ad yani yis azray n umtiweg zdat n tafukt. Ma deg useggas n 1639 yessaweṭ Giovanni Battista Zupi ad yani w ad isnirem d akken aziweɣ ila (yesɛa) annufen imezzayen yettemcabin agla n tettit d wayyur, dɣa tamawt-a tessentem-d tuzzya n uziweɣ ɣef tfukt.[3]
Yiwen seg inelfuyen imesnallanen imidrusen iga d adrag, anda iderreg uziweɣ d tetrit yiwet n tikkelt yal kra n tsutin. Dɣa annay amyiwen i wnelfuy-a yella-d deg wass n 28 mayyu 1737 ass mi i d-tt-yuni umusnaw John Bevis deg usanay ageldan n Greenwich. Ma d adrag i d-iteddun yezmer ad yili deg wass n 3 dujamber aseggas n 2133.[10]
Iffigen imallunen ɣer uziweɣẒreg
Tasuddest tagensawtẒreg
Anezwu deg uziweɣẒreg
Tignut tamtiwgantẒreg
Iger adekranẒreg
Timezzit d tuzzyaẒreg
Ẓeṛ daɣenẒreg
ImnirenẒreg
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ 3,0 et 3,1 Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Tuccḍa n temsisɣelt: Balise
incorrecte : aucun texte n’a été fourni pour les références nommées
nssdcMercury
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Archiv für Orientforschung. 24. Unknown parameter
|Anefsar=ignored (help); Unknown parameter
|Tasna=ignored (help); Unknown parameter
|Aseggas=ignored (help); Unknown parameter
|Amezwar=ignored (help); Unknown parameter
|Azwel=ignored (help); Unknown parameter
|Adeg=ignored (help); Unknown parameter
|Imaskaren yettekkin=ignored (help); Unknown parameter
|Aneggar=ignored (help); Missing or empty
|title=(help)
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Goldstein, Bernard R. (1996), "The Pre-telescopic Treatment of the Phases and Apparent Size of Venus", Journal for the History of Astronomy: 1, Bibcode:1996JHA....27....1G Unknown parameter
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- ↑ Empty citation (help)