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Mercredi 29 septembre 2021
« Agellid » M6 di Merruk, « At ukaskiḍ » di Lezzayer : ttnaɣen ɣef iqerra-nnaɣ
Amennuɣ gar udabu n Merruk akked win n Lezzayer am umennuɣ n sin-nni yettnaɣen ɣef wayla n win nniḍen, ttnaɣen anwa deg-sen ad t-yawin i yiman-is (1).
Tamurt tameqqrant (Merruk + Lezzayer + Tunes…) mačči nsen i sin. Tamurt n imawlan-is, d tamurt tamaziɣt ur ngi tilisa si leqrun imezwura.
Mi gezmen asɣen adiplumasi yellan gar-asen (rupture des relations diplomatiques) deg wass n 24 ɣect 2021 (d adabu n Lezzayer i yezwaren), tiṭ-nsen ur teqqim din kan, yal yiwen deg umkan-is. Tidett, yal yiwen ikkat amek, ɣer zdat, ad issekcem ccwal i wayeḍ. Akka, d anbac n tɣennant, akken ibɣu yili.
Awal-nnaɣ mačči ɣef uẓar n tlalit n yemdanen, n Muḥemmed 6, n Abdelmadjid Tebboune neɣ n wayeḍ. Deg idammen-nsen nitni d at tmurt, mačči d iberraniyen, maca deg wallaɣ-nsen akked tsertit-nsen, ur llin d tarwa n Tmazɣa. Akka d wakka n talast i llan ass-a, d asekkak n umezruy. Amek ?
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Muḥemmed 6 yuɣ-d aẓar si tgelda n Idris amezwaru akked Iyaâlawiyen i d-yusan si tmurt n Lhiǧaz (Agmuḍ Aârab), sbedden tagelda di Tmazɣa utaram (Merruk) di 1669. D nitni ar ass-a ; d adabu aârab-inneslem di Tmazɣa.
Wid iḥekmen ass-a di Lezzayer uɣen-d aẓar seg ugraw n Wejda, s tezmert n yemjahden-nni yellan ffren di Merruk (Wilaya 5 akked Etat-Major). Di 1962 mi d-kecmen s takriṭ/violence, nejren asalu i tsertit n taârabt-tinneslemt, s wannay n ‘’nationalisme arabe’’ (2).
Ar ass-a, ulac adabu i d-iffɣen seg iẓuran n tmurt akken ad iddu i wammud/lfayda n yidles Amaziɣ di tmurt-is. S tmuɣli-ya ara nẓer amek teteddu tsertit illan gar Merruk d Lezzayer.
I sin bedden ɣef taârabt-tinneslemt, yal yiwen ‘’deg wayla-s’’, win i yas-d-wwin imennuɣen-nni n zik n udebbuz, ajenwi akked ubeckiḍ ; yal yiwen anda i t-tessaweḍ tezmert-is ad d-isbedd tilisa.
Tamuɣli n Tmazɣa yedduklen si leqrun imezwura ur telli di tmuɣli-nsen, acku tallit-nni n umezruy kksen-tt, gan-as isem ‘’el ǧahiliyya’’. D war amezruy.
Di tuber 1963, si mi yefra ṭṭrad gar Lezzayer d Fransa, ikker-d Ḥasan II ad yawi amur si tmurt n Lezzayer ; ikker ṭṭrad-nni iwumi semman ‘’guerre des sables’’. Ikker ubarud, Ḥasan II yerra tuccar-is, izzi ɣer umkan-is. Teqqim akken.
Di 1975, Lezzayer akked Libya snulfan-d tamurt n RASD di tmurt n Asif Zeggaɣen (Tiniri n utaram), s ukabar n Polisario. Si mi teffeɣ Spanya tamurt-nni, tamurt n Merruk tessaḥell-d akal-nni zun d amur si tmurt-is. Tikli-nni tazegzawt (‘’marche verte’’) tettwassen deg umaḍal.
D tamsalt-nni n RASD i d tamentilt/cause n wugur illan ass-a gar Lezzayer d Merruk, zun d timmist ur nḥellu. Ma d RASD-nni tedda deg ubrid n taârabt-tinneslemt, d abrid-nsen i sin.
Tamsalt teqqim ass-a gar ifassen n ONU akken ad isbedd tafrent ad tt-ufrun.
Amaynut di ccwal gar Merruk d Lezzayer.
Ilmend ad tefru temsalt n tlelli n tmurt n Asif Zeggaɣen, ad ikkes RASD-nni n twaɣit, ad tbedd tmurt di timanit-is (autonomie), ddaw laânaya n Merruk akked Lezzayer, ass-a lulen-d wuguren imeqqranen :
Merruk yessekcem-d Israël deg unnar seg-mi d-iga asɣen yid-s, s ufus n Marikan, irna yeddukel akked tgeldiwin n wagmuḍ (Qatar, EAU, Saâudya, …), ma d Lezzayer teṭṭef tuḥsift, tekcem aḍar afus di ‘’nationalisme arabe’’.
I sin wwi-aɣ-d ccwal yellan di Palestine ɣer tmurt n Lezzayer. Azekka, Merruk ad d-issekcem laâsker n Israël akken ad bedden d afrag i tlelli tmurt n Merruk. D win i d abrid i ṭtrad ur issarem yiwen.
D yir tallit i d-iteddun i tmurt n Lezzayer, i Merruk, i usirem n bennu n Tmazɣa yedduklen azekka.
D yir tallit acku iduba yellan di Rbat akked Lezzayer ur llin d iduba n tmurt.
Acrured n wagguren ineggura ur ssawalen i wayen ilhan di tmurt n Lezzayer : yal ass d inekraf i irennun ɣer leḥbas n tmurt, yal ass tekksen izerfan yellan,
Wten ad kksen ayen illan deg uɣerbaz, ad rren di rrif asedwel n tmaziɣt ɣer tekwant (berra n wakud n uselmed, am waddal, tamuzigt, asuneɣ/dessin, …)
Di tikli-nsen ass-a, d wid yellan zik i yellan deg udabu. D awezɣi ad teddu tmaziɣt ad tennerni deg usedwel (neɣ ‘’généralisation de l’enseignement de tamaziɣt’’ swayes cennun kra). Tidett, d akud kan i d-ttawin yis-nnaɣ… ar tenger tmaziɣt !
Msefhamen i sin iduba, Merruk akked Lezzayer, akken ad d-skecmen ccwal n Palestine ɣer tmurt-nnaɣ akken ad terwi, wa ad ikkat deg wayeḍ. Yal yiwen deg-sen amek i tt-yuddi akken ad teṭṭef axsim-is, akken netta ad iddu ugar deg usalu n taârabt-tinneslemt.
Taɣuri n win issaramen talalit n Tmazɣa tameqqrant :
Ad kksent tgejda n ‘’nationalisme arabe’’, acku d nitni i yeskecmen asekkak deg yidles n tmurt, deg umezruy n tmurt, deg yedlisen n uɣerbaz : « Lezzayer : = 80 % d Aâraben, 20 % n xaliṭ » !…
Azekka ad dduklen yegduden d atmaten ; d ayen ur nelli deg ubrid n Lmexzen n Merruk, ur nelli deg win n At ukaskiḍ n Lezzayer.
D asalu amaynut ad d-ilalen si tagmatt n iɣerfan, akken ad tekkes tbarda/tarekt yellan ass-a ɣef ugdud di yal tama n talast yellan.
Awal nnan-t iɣerfan nniḍen deg ubrid n tlelli-nsen : « Huk umalla, huk sunquilla y huk maquilla » / yiwet tezmert, yiwen wul i yiwen yiswi » (une seule force, un seul coeur et tous pour le même but) (s tutlayt Quechua, di Peru).
A.U. L
Timerna / Notes :
1) Akken tella tendyant n sin-nni yettnaɣen :
Ttnaɣen sin lǧiran ɣef snat lmitrat n wakal, anwa deg-sen ad t-yawin ; yal yiwen iqqar-as ‘’inu’’. Mi d-ikcem wis tlata gar-asen, d lǧar-nsen i sin, inna-yasen : « akal mačči inek keč, mačči inek keč, akal inu, kenwi tettnaɣem fell-as anwa ad t-iḥellin ! ». Ifra umennuɣ n sin-nni.
2) D imeɣnasen n ‘’nationalisme arabe’’ deg udabu n Lezzayer i yessawḍen skecmen asekkak deg yedlisen n uɣerbaz ; uran ayen ur nelli, ur nettili : « Lezzayer = 80 % d Aâraben, 20 % d xaliṭ » !
Anwa i d ‘’xaliṭ’’ ? Ulac awal ɣef ugdud d tutlayt tamaziɣt !


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Bariz
Bariz (s tfransist : Paris), ar as ttinin ula tamdint n tifawin, tga tamaẓunt d tmdint lli akkʷ imqqurn ɣ Fṛansa. Tɣʷi yat tjumma n 105,40 km2 d kra n 2.15 id mlyun n middn ad gis izdɣn.[1] Iɣ nssiḍn ula tisgiwin nns, rad ilkm wuṭṭun n imzdaɣn n Bariz s 10.7 id mlyun n umzdaɣ. Nttat ad igan tamdint nna mi akkʷ tmqqur tnẓẓi ɣ tmdinin n Tamunt Tawruppit, s kra n 20,755 umzdaɣ i yan ukilumiṭṛ amkkuẓ.
Ar izray wasif n Sinn ɣ tuddurin tiqburin n tmdint n Bariz lli ibṭṭu f sin igzzumn nna ittyussann s Tasga Tafasit d Tasga Taẓlmaḍt. Ssutln as agudi n taganin.
Bariz ad igan tuẓẓumt n tdamsa, tsrtit d tdlsa tafṛansawit. Llant g Bariz kigan n tsnniɣin n tẓuṛi d tuṣkawin timzarayn. Tg daɣ Bariz tuẓẓumt n ustti, tṭṭaf ilmma yat tuṣkiwt tanaddawt ifulkin n umitru.[2] Tṭṭaf ula sin izagʷzn g ugnsu n tmdint. Ittubna yadlli umitru ɣ 1900, d tiɣzi nns ar tlkkm uggar n 200 km.
Tamdint ad dars yat tmamkt igan tagtdlsant, acku 19% n middn lli gis illan uckan d zɣ bṛṛa n Fṛansa.[3] Ilin gis kigan n id rriṣturan ẓlinin s kraygat anaw n tiram. Llan g Bariz imukrisn n tmrkit zun d timrkit n waḍu d timrkit n tifawt.
Tamallayt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Bariz dars kigan mad takka ɣ tsga ad n tmallayt, ha ṣḍiṣ imdyatn ttyussannin:
- Agʷddim n Ifil ad igan tuṣka lli akkʷ ittyussann g Bariz, ibna t Gustav Ifil ɣ usggʷas n 1889 s 6,300 ṭunn n wuzzal, ad t igan d 18,000 ugzzum n wuzzal d 2,5 id mlyun n iwqafn. S yat tɣzi n 300 id mitru, tkka tt inn ɣ yan uzmz tga tuṣka lli akkʷ iɣzzifn ɣ umaḍal. Uggar n 6 id mlyun n middn ar t tkkan kraygat asggʷas. Llan kraḍ iswirn nna iẓḍaṛ ad tn ikk umlulluy, walli akkʷ iɣzzifn iga t wiss sin ɣ iggi n wakal.
- Luvr yat tasnniɣt nna ɣ llan igitn inaẓuṛn iqburn bahra ttyussannin, zun d Muna Liza d Vinus Du Milu. Tettyubna yadlli tuṣka fad ad tg tigmmi i igllidn iFṛansawiyn. Luvr iga tsnniɣt tiss kraḍt lli akkʷ imqqurn g umaḍal, s yat tjumma n 60,000 id mitr amkkuẓ n tdala n ufsar.[4] Nttat ad igan tsnniɣt n tẓuṛi nna d akkʷ tkkan middn s uggar n 5 id mlyun n ufgan lli t id itkkan kraygat asggʷas.
- Tasnniɣt n Ursay tkka tt inn tga lagar ɣ mad izrin, mac ɣil-ad tga tasnniɣt n tẓuṛi. Tugt n igitn d twuriwin n tẓuṛi n tsnniɣt n Ursay ttyuskarnt ɣ isggʷasn gr 1848 d 1915. Tg tamynut tama n tsnniɣt n Luvr.
- Azrg Azggʷaɣ iga yan ukabaṛi nna ɣ ttilin agudi n ufṛṛj, iṛẓm tiggura nns ɣ 1889 ɣ yat tuddurt ism as Muntmartr, yat tuddurt ɣ Bariz ittyussann s tudrt n yiḍ . Ɣ Uzrg Azggʷaɣ ar ttḥucnt tmɣarin yan wanaw n uḥwac ar as ttinin Kankan afṛansawi.
- Asuk n Canzilizi iga asuk lli akkʷ ittyussann ɣ tmdint n Bariz, ig yan ɣ iswak lli akkʷ ttyussanin g umaḍal. Llan gis kigan n idɣarn n wutci d igadazn. Ɣ ttmi nns ar nttafa Lark Du Triyumf.
- Timzgida tarumit n Nutr Ḍam du Bariz, tga yat tmẓẓalut takatulikt tagutikt imqqurn, lli d ṛẓan g 15 abril 2019. Tlla ɣ tgzirt n La Siti.
- Bazilik n Sakri Kur tga yat tmẓẓalut takatulikt iwalan i Sakri Kur.
Imzdaɣn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ilkm wuṭṭun n imzdaɣn n tmdint n Bariz 2,234,105 n yan g usiḍn n usggʷas n 2009[5]. Iɣʷli s 2,243,833 usggʷas n 2010. Mac yaggug sul f tmsliwt tamzrayt lli ilkm wuṭṭun n imzdaɣn n tmdint ɣ 1921. Lliɣ ilkm wuṭṭun nnsn uggar n 2.9 id mlyun n yan[6]. Zɣ imwuriyn imqqrann nna d isslkmn i wuguz n wuṭṭun n imzdaɣn n tmdint gan tn wuguz mqqurn n waddud n tawja tabarizit, d tmzwagt n imzdaɣn imqqurn s iglagaln n tmdint ɣ isggʷasn n 1960 d 1970. Ggutnt tmntal n tmzwagt ad, tilli xatrnin zgisnt gan tnt uguz n umussu amguran d tattuyt n watign n lkra g tmdint. Ikka tt inn uguz n wuṭṭun n imzdaɣn n tmdint n Bariz yan ɣ willi akkʷ imqqurn g wanaw nns ngr tmdinin n umaḍal; Ayann af tskr tamssugurt n tmdint tuggaz mqqurnin afad ad tḥafḍ f imzdaɣn n tmaẓunt tafransist, tnjḥ ilmma gis. Ayad ad immal usnmkta n yulyuz 2014 lli imlan yat tattuyt bahra istawhmman n wuṭṭun n imzdaɣn i tikklt tamzwarut zɣ 1954, s 2,144,700 n ufgan.
Bariz tga yat ɣ tmdinin n umaḍal nna ɣ bahra imqqur uckukl n imzdaɣn[7]. Ar ittini usnmkta n 1999 mas ar ilkkm uckukl n imzdaɣn n tmdint iɣ ur nssiḍn taganin n Pulunya d Fansn 24,448 ufgan/km amkkuẓ. Ur nẓḍaṛ ad nsmzazal wuṭṭun ad abla d kra n tmdinin mqqurnin n Asya, d ula Manhatan g Nyuyurk. Amma iɣ nssiḍn taganin, rad ig akud ann uckukl n imzdaɣn 20,169 ufgan/km amkkuẓ.[5] S mayad da tgga Bariz tiss smmust ɣ tigrawin tifransisn nna ɣ imqqur uckukl ḍaṛat Lu Pri Sant Jirvih, Fansin, Luvalwa-Pirri d Sant Mandi, ad ur nttu mas tgrawin ad kullu tnt llan ɣ ugns n iwtta n tmdint.
Ɣ usiḍn n Bariz n imzdaɣn ɣ usggʷas n 1999, 19.4% n imzdaɣn luln ɣ bṛṛa n Fṛansa. Zɣ usiḍn ad nit, 4.2% n imzdaɣn n tsga n Bariz taɣrmant kkan tt inn gan imzwagn imaynutn (lli nn izugn gr isggʷasn n 1990-1999), tugt nnsn gan zɣ Asya d Tfriqt. Ddrn kra n 37% n imzwagn lli izdɣn ɣ Fṛansa ɣ tsga n Bariz.[8] Tbda taḍḍanga n uzwag tamaḍlant tamzwarut s Bariz ɣ id simraw n tasut tiss tẓa d mraw s ukccum n ifllaḥn n lalman lli d irwln zɣ tassast n zziraɛa g tmazirt nnsn. Tḍfaṛ t nit taḍḍanga n uzwag yat iggi n tayyaḍ ar ɣ ass ad n iṭalyaniyn, udayn n uruppa tanammast lli d izugn ɣ uzmz n tasut tiss tẓa d mraw. Zɣ akud ann uckan d daɣ irusiyn ḍaṛt tagrawla n 1917, ula ayt Arminya irwln zɣ imnɣi n Arman lli tskr tmazirt n Iɛutmaniyn.[9] Amma g uzmz n imnɣi amaḍlan amzwaru, izuyd daɣ uzwag n imzdaɣn n tmizar llanin ddu usdurri, nnig n aya ipuluniyn ɣ uzmz ngr imnɣan s sin. Mn bɛd uckan d iṣbnyuliyn, iṭalyaniyn, ibrtqqizn d imzdaɣn n tfriqt n ugafa ɣ id smmumraw ar id samraw n tasut ad lli izrin, ḍaṛt n maya yat taḍḍanga n uzwag n ugayn n tfriqt n ugafa ḍaṛt tasimant n tmizar nnsn. Amma ɣil ad, tugt n imzwagn gan zɣ Asya d Tfriqt.[10]
Tamdint n Bariz tga yat tmdint taɛrrimt; zɣ aylli illan ɣ usiḍn n 2008, tkka tt inn tgmiḍi n imzdaɣn n tmdint nna dar ql mn 35 usggʷas 46%. Tagmiḍi ad tzri lmuɛddal anamur lli igan 41.8%.[11]
Asnɣms[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Bariz tga tamazirt n kigan n iɣmisn d tsɣwan, s umdya Lu Mund, Lu Figaru, Libirasyun d Lu Nuvil Ubsirvatur d wiyyaḍ. Ar ttizwurn ɣ yigr n tẓṛigt abarizi iɣmisn n Lu Mund d Lu Figaru, sin ad ayd igan iɣmisn lli akkʷ ittyawssann ɣ Fṛansa.[12] Ɣmk lli s tḥtaḍan Bariz ammas n tsnurayt Frans Priss zɣ tuddma nns asggʷas n 1835[13], nttat ad akkʷ iqburn ɣ wanaw nns ɣ umaḍal[14] [15] d tad akkʷ iqburn ɣ Fṛansa d yat ɣ tisnuray tinɣmas ɣ umaḍal (tama n Rwitrz d Asucitd Priss). Ɣmk lli s tḥtaḍan ula ammas n tbadut n Fṛansa 24 lli iwalan i tnbaḍt tafransist.
Illa ɣ Bariz ula wammas n tbadut n TF1, nttat ayd igan tabadut nna ɣ bahra ttfṛṛajn ifṛansawiyn, nnig n aya agudi n tbadutin yaḍnin, zun d: Fṛansa 2, Fṛansa 3, Fṛansa 4, Fṛansa 5, Kanal Plus, BFM d uggar[16]. Ɣmk lli s tḥtaḍan ula wammas n ṛaḍyu n Fṛansa amaḍlan.[17]
Assay[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tṭṭaf Bariz iẓḍwan n wassay ibuɣlan kigan, s umdya n ibridn n wuzzal, ibrbridn d izagʷzn. Anmallu n Wassay n Tgzirt n Fṛansa (ɣ mad izrin: Anmallu n Wassay Abarizi) ad iɣʷin d nttan ad ittklfn s uẓṭṭa n wassay ɣ tsga.[18] Innuṛẓm uẓṭṭa n umitru g Bariz asggʷas n 1900, nttan ad igan wammak n wassay lli akkʷ ittusmrasn ɣ ugʷns n tmdint s kra n 9 id mlyun n umssudu ku ass[19]. Illa g umtru ad 300 isras (384 n tnqqaḍ n ubddad) d tfggigin ar tlkkm tɣzi nnsnt 214 km, 16 n yizriran gan asn uṭṭunn zɣ 1 ar 14, nnig n aya sin yizriran yaḍnin (3bis d 7bis), d RER ɣd ntta, iga yan uẓṭṭa nna ɣ llan 5 yizriran ifssusn (A, B, C, D, & E) nna ilkkmn s yidɣarn yaggugn f wid zwarnin, yilin gisn 257 n tnqqaḍ n ubddad d tfggigin s yat tɣzi n 587 km.[19] Ɣmk lli s rad stetmrn 26.5 id mlyar n yuṛu ɣ snat tmrawanin lli d yuckan fad ad ssimɣurn aẓṭṭa n umitru ɣ idɣarn d tmnaḍin lli issutln i Bariz.[19]
Tṭṭaf daɣ Bariz aẓṭṭa n tramway nna ɣ llan 4 yizriran: Ar izddi izriri amzwaru gr Sant Dinis d Nwazi Lu Sk, wiss sin ar izray zɣ La Difuns ar Isi-Fal Du Sinn, wiss kraḍ gr Bun Du Ɣaliɣlyanu d Burt Difili, wis kkuẓ zɣ Bundi ar Ulnay-Su-Bwa.[19] Ɣil nit ar ttxdamn ɣ usnflul n sin yizriran yaḍnin.
Llan ɣ Bariz kraḍ izagʷzn igraɣlann: Azagʷz n Carl Du Gul, Azagʷz n Bariz Urli, Azagʷz n Lu Burgit, d ula Azagʷz n Bariz Buvi. Izagʷzn imqqrann gan tn azagʷz n Bariz Urli lli illan g iffus n tmdint, d uzagʷz n Carl Du Gul lli illan g iẓẓlmḍ agmuḍan n tmdint d nttan ad igan ammas n tmssurt n Ir Frans, ig ula yan ɣ izagʷzn lli akkʷ iɛmṛṛn g umaḍal.[19]
Tṭṭaf Bariz aẓṭṭa n ibrbridn lli akkʷ yufn ɣ Fṛansa. Ssutln i tmdint kraḍ yibrbridn: abrid awrerri, lli iḍfaṛn azazu n yiɣrman n wattayn n Bariz n tasut tiss tẓa d mraw ḥaqqan, d ubrid A86 lli illan ɣ unmila agʷnsan, d ubrid n Franslyan lli illan ɣ unmila n bṛṛa. Tamdint ad dars yan uẓṭṭa imqqurn n iɣarasn ilkkmn uggar n 2000 km. iẓḍaṛ yan ad ilkm s Bruksil zɣ Bariz ɣ iggi n wakal ɣ kraḍt tassaɛin, s Frankfurt ɣ ṣḍiṣt tassaɛin, s Barsaluna ɣ snat d mraw tassaɛin, s Lunḍun ɣ snat tassaɛin ɣ talmacint.[19]
Tasga n Bariz tga yat ɣ tsgiwin tifransisn nna bahra issmrasn wassay n waman, ar sis sslkamn ssliɛt. Nɣiy ad nlkm s wasif n Lwar, Rayn, Run, Myus, d Cildt, d nɣiy ad nlkm s isaffn ad zɣ isldayn izdin d wasif n Sinn.
Imjṛitn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- 1900 – Urarn Ulampikiyn Wis 2 n Unbdu uqɛan imjṛitn nns ɣ Bariz.
- 1924 – Urarn Ulampikiyn Wis 8 n Unbdu uqɛan imjṛitn nns ɣ Bariz.
- 1998 – Akrwas n Umaḍal n tkurt FIFA.
- 2024 – Urarn Ulampikiyn Wis 33 n Unbdu rad uqɛun imjṛitn nns ɣ Bariz.
Ɣr uggar[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tisqqan tigraɣlann[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Timdinin tikniwn d tistmatin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Zɣ ass n 9 abril 1956, ur tgi Bariz tamdint takniwt d ḥtta kra n tmdint yaḍn abla d:
- Roma, Ṭṭalyan, 1956
- Seule Paris est digne de Rome ; seule Rome est digne de Paris. (s tfransist)
- Solo Parigi è degna di Roma; solo Roma è degna di Parigi. (s taṭalyanit)
- « Bariz ka ad illan ɣ uswir n Roma ; d Roma ka ad illan ɣ uswir n Bariz. »[20]
Isaɣuln[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- ↑ Estimation de la population au 1ᵉʳ janvier 2021 - Paris
- ↑ Dossier complet : Aire urbaine 2010 de Paris
- ↑ "Paris" www.worldcitiescultureforum.com.
- ↑ The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, and the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg are larger.
- ↑ 5,0 et 5,1 Évolution et structure de la population - Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques
- ↑ Uṭṭun n imzdaɣn n Bariz ɣ umzruy
- ↑ MadgeWillmott2006
- ↑ Paris Riots in Perspective
- ↑ Hassell 1991، tasna 22.
- ↑ Amzruy n uzwag g Fransa
- ↑ Insee - Résultats du recensement de la population de 2008
- ↑ French media: daily and weekly newspapers in France
- ↑ Agence France-Presse - www.afp.com
- ↑ Agence France-Presse is one of the three great international news agencies - Successor of the oldest international news agency - founded in 1835 by a Parisian translator and publicist, Charles-Louis Havas - Agence France-Presse was reborn on August 20, 1944 during the liberation of Paris.
- ↑ Consider the source: A Critical Guide to 100 Prominent News and Information Sites on the Web
- ↑ French and Francophone Television Stations - Watch French TV
- ↑ France's Radio Stations
- ↑ Syndicat des Transports d'Île-de-France
- ↑ 19,0 19,1 19,2 19,3 19,4 et 19,5 Lawrence & Gondrand 2010
- ↑ Hey, is San Francisco Really a “Sister City” of Paris, France? No – Was It Before? No, Not At All – Here’s Why

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


text:
Tawilayt n Leɣwaṭ
Tawilayt n Leɣwaṭ d Tawilayt deg tmurt n Lezzayer (s yisem aneṣli: الأغواط). Zedɣen-tt 455 602 n yimezdaɣen. Ma d tajumma-ines tesɛa azal n 25 057 km². Tamanaɣt ines d tamdint n leɣwaṭ. Tawilayt-a tebḍa ɣef 10 n tdayriwin:
- Tadayra n Waflu (Aflu, Sebgag, Sidi Buzid)
- Tadayra n Ɛin Maḍi (Ɛin Maḍi, Tadjemout (fr) , Tadjrouna (fr) , Leḥwiṭa, Kheneg (fr) )
- Tadayra n Brida (Brida, Ḥaǧ Mecri, Tawyala)
- Tadayra n Lɣica (Lɣica)
- Tadayra n Geltet Sidi Seɛd (Geltet Sidi Seɛd, Ɛin Sidi Ɛli, Lbiḍa)
- Tadayra n Ḥasi Rrmel (Ḥasi Rrmel, Ḥasi Dellaɛa)
- Tadayra n Qṣer Lḥiran (Qṣer Lḥiran, Bennasser Benchohra (fr) )
- Tadayra n Leɣwaṭ (Leɣwaṭ)
- Tadayra n Wad Murra (Wad Murra, Wad Mzi)
- Tadayra n Sidi Mexluf (Sidi Mexluf, Lɛasfeyya)


text:
Tabuzegrayezt tamellalt
Tabuzegrayezt tamellalt neɣ Tabuzegrayezt kan (Assaɣ ussnan: Motacilla alba) d talmest meẓẓiyen n ijqiwen yeṭṭafaren tawsit n tbuzegrayezt deg twacult n tbuzegrayezin. Talmest-a tettidir deg tuget n yimuren n Uruppa d Asya yakk d kra n imuren n Tferka n ugafa. Maca mi ara ad tiweṭ tegrest tettinig ɣer unẓul anda yettili uẓɣal.
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ableɣ n tbuzegrayezt tamellalt d win igan gar n 16 alamma d 19 cm. Tettwassen s udfar-is imsekni gar n telmas n tewsit-is. Azuk-is yettawaṭ ɣer 25 g.


text:
Assaɣ imezdi
Deg tesnudert , Assaɣ imezdi d isem yettusxedmen deg kra n tutlayt tadigant i kra n telmas n iɣersiwen neɣ n imɣan deg tama anda tt-meslayen tutlayt nni, ɣef wanect-a yezmer ad yesɣel (ad yemmel) timsurta yemgaraden s waṭas s unect (ɛla ḥsab) n usatal, Maca assaɣen imezdiyen deg waṭas n waddaden d wid yettusxedmen i wsileɣ n wassaɣen ilugnen i tutlayt nni (ayen yegdan assaɣ ussnan deg Tlatint), Ɣas akken isalan n wassaɣen ayyi (n yismawen ayyi) ur llin ara d wid yuddsen maca d ismawen ayyi yettusxedmen s waṭas deg wedlis aɣerfan n yal ass


text:
Deffir at-afeḍ tabratt i wpapat Fṛanswa i-tzemreḍ a-t zemleḍ, kečč la ‘ra t-yeɣṛen, ma yehwa yak. A-s-t nceggɛa mi wweḍen xiṛella n-wid i-t izemlen. Tanemmirt i win ara t-imlen i wiyaḍ. Ɛad ilzem a-d nsemkti i win yeḥwaǧen aya : « Lmumnin yessnen, yessawḍen yerna mechuṛit, ɣursen lḥeq, ɛad tikwal d lqanun fellasen, ad fken i-imeksa n-tṛebbanit tamuɣli nsen af ayen yeɛnan ṣṣwab n Tejmaɛit. Yerna yelha a-t berrḥen i lmumnin nniḍen. Acu kan ulac din tukksa n-leqdeṛ n-liman, at-tili leḥya at-tili lemɛazza iwulmen i-imeksa, yerna ad yili uḥekkeṛ n-wayen ilaqen i medden d lḥerma n-yemdanen. (Qanun 212 § 3) » :
Wid yeffɣen i tneslemt yeɣɣwalen d ikatuliken, d iḥbiben nsen,
i Fṛanswa Ababat iṣelḥen, af ibeddi-s af lislam
Ay ababat iṣelḥen,
Kra seg-neɣ, acḥal d abrid, iseggwasen agi yɛeddan, nudan ad mlilen yid-ek, uran ak-en ladɣa; mɛena werǧin i ten id yuɣal lexbaṛ ma ttwaṭfent tebṛatin nsen. Mebla tufẓa n-wawal, ur tḥemleḍ ara, akka am nekwni, ǧǧan aɣ ihi a-k nini ɛeynani aql aɣ ur nefhim ara almad ik af lislam, akken i-t neɣra, di lemtel, deg ixfawen 252 d 253 n Evangelii gaudium, axaṭeṛ ur d-ifka ‘ra tafat belli lislam, i-d yusan DEFFIR Lmasiḥ yella, w-ad yili kan, d yiwen unekkaṛ n-Lmasiḥ (ẓeṛ 1 Yn 2.22). U yerna d yiwen n lxuf yɛeddan wiyaḍ imi d-isnɛat iman-is am akken d-tacwawt n-uweḥḥi (deg waydeg Yasuɛ yella kan d yiwen n nnbi).
Ma yella lislam d ddin yelhan s yiman-is, akken ara t-sselmadeḍ, iwumi nuɣal d ikatuliken ? Lehduṛ ik ɛeni ur tekksen ara leqdeṛ i wayen nefren…deg wsebbel n teṛwiḥt neɣ ? Lislam yumeṛ lmut i wekwffaṛ (leqwṛan 4.89; 8; 7-11), m’ur teẓriḍ ara ? Amek ara nezmir a-nqaṛṛen leqheṛ n lislam d leqheṛ n-wayennu n tmasiḥit ?! « Acu yellan ger Lmasiḥ d Cciṭan ? Acu n zzwaǧ yellan ger tafat d ṭṭlam ? Acu n tuddkli yellan ger lmumen d wer-numen ? (2 Kur 6.14-17) » Deg webrid n-wayen isselmed (Lq 14.26), nextaṛ it, Netta, Lmasiḥ, akteṛ n tudert neɣ. Ɛeni ur nezmir ara a-nemmeslay akken ilaq af lislam ?
Di tidett, imi lislam yebɣa a-nili d iɛdawen is, d ayen i nella, xas netgalla yas d iḥbiben is i nella, ur itbeddil di kra. Am Unekkar-Lmasiḥ n ṣṣaḥ, akken i-yella lislam, yeḥseb akw wiyaḍ d iɛdawen is : « Gar-aneɣ d-taɛdawt d lkeṛh alamma tumnem s Llah weḥd-es ! (Lqr 60.4) ». Di Lqwṛan imasiḥiyen « d lefrasa kan (9.28) », « yekkan ayen d-itwaxelqen (98.6) », ad ilin di lǧihennama yakw (4.48), daymi labud Llah a-ten ikfu (9.30). Ur ilaq ara a-ɣ skelxent tsuṛtin n Lqwṛan yetwaḥsebent melḥent, imi tasuṛett usekkin tefsed itent akw (9.5). Anida ‘kken Injil ibecceṛ lexwbaṛ yelhan n Yasuɛ yemmuten syen yekker ed i leslak n izummal, iqefflen Lmɛeda yebdan akw d ugdud aɛbṛani, Llah netta ad yefk lǧennet is ala s umennuɣ d lmutt n « ijehliyen »: « tnaɣen deg webrid n Llah, neqqen u neqqen ten (9.111) ». Ur nessexlaḍ ara inselmen d lislam, mɛana ma yella i kečč “asdiwen” d abrid n lehna, di lislam d abrid umennuɣ nniḍen. Daymi akken zik aqabel n nazism d tezdukla, akken aqabel n lislam s tmuɣli n-weqṛur a-d issas lxuf akw d tmenɣiwt. Amek ara a-nemmeslay af talwit akw d lislam, amek ara t-neḍmen, akka nwala la txedmeḍ: « a-neqlɛa seg ul neɣ lehlak i-iḍuṛen tudert neɣ (…) Wid illan d imasiḥiyen a-t kksen s Tira iqedsen, wid illan d inselmen a-t kksen s Lqwṛan. (Ruma, 20-01-2014) »? Ma yella Ababat iṣelḥen la yeqqaṛ Lqwṛran d abrid n-leslak, amek ur yettili yara wugur ? Issefk yɛeni a-nuɣal ar lislam ?
Deg imerẓi inek akw d at-lqawi, itqelliben ad rren dew uḍaṛen nsen ddunit akken a-t sexdemen, di lɛenaya-k ur tnadi yara lmɛawna n lislam axaṭer iban ɛedlen wid ixeddmen ilmend n leḥkwem n ẓẓur, d-ikkan seg wenekkaṛ n tgelda n-Lmasiḥ (Lq 4.7). Neẓra isɛa aṭas iqweṛṛa lweḥc n Uweḥḥi yetnadin ad yečč Tameṭṭut d Mmi-s… Llah yesseḥrem ladɣa tiddukliwin am tigi (Lqr 5.51)! Ɛad Lambeyya daymin lummen Iṣrayil mi ara yebɣu ad yeddukel akw d leɣwat ibeṛṛaniyin, yeǧǧa laman d letkal ilaqen a-ten isɛu di Ṛebbi kan. Xas meqqweṛ ṭṭmɛa mi ara tiniḍ lehḍur imalen ar lislam akken ad ḥadren imasiḥiyen yetwɛeqben di tumura tinselmin, mɛana Yasuɛ werǧin i-ɣ imla abrid ixulfen win n Ṣṣlib-is, akken an-af deg-s lferḥ neɣ mačči d-tarewla ara nerwel zdat-es am at-lǧihennama, mebla cekk ala iqiṛṛi n tidett ara d-yawin leslak, tilelli (Yn 8.32). Yessefk-aɣ a-ncehhed af tidett « di yal lweqt, yɛekkes neɣ yeshel (2 Tim 4.2) », iseɣ neɣ ma nezmer a-d nini akw d uqeddis Pawal : « Ur qellebɣ acemmek gar-awen aytma, siwa Yasuɛ Lmasiḥ, ɛad Yasuɛ Lmasiḥ iṣṣelben. (1 Kur 2.2) ».
Lehduṛ ik af lislam, akken nwala, ay ababat iṣelḥen, malen ar wid uselway Erḍugan, di lmital, iḍelben i yat-tmurt is ur ssemcabayen ara iman-nsen akw d imezdaɣ n tmura ideg llan d inebgawen, nwala diɣen tamurt n Ɛaṛaba n Saɛud akw d tmura iṣelṭtnen s zzit d lgaz ur qbilent ula d yiwen imennejli, lmɛana n-waya d lemqsud n tiɣin d unsislem n Yuṛupa, i-d iḍelbent ɛaynani Tuddsa n-inselmen (OCI) d tuddsiwin tinselmin nniḍen acḥal iseggwasen aya. Ay ababat iṣelḥen tessawaleḍ akken a-nesṭeṛḥeb s imennejla mebla ma nesked ma llan d inselmen, netta lqanun i-d ǧǧan iṛaṣsulen d wa : « Ma yusa-d yiwen ɣerwen yugin Injil, ur t-qebbelt ara. Kra n win s-innan azul iɛwen it di tlufa ines n ddin (2 Yn 1.10-11) »; ma yella yiwen ibecceṛ awen Injil ixulfen, ad ittunɛɛel ! (Gal 1.8-9) ».
Akka diɣ yenna-d « Lliɣ lluẓaɣ ur iyi tefkim ad ččeɣ (Mt 25.35) » ur s ifka ‘ra Yasuɛ lmɛena belli ad yili lɛabd d ajenṭiḍ ur nxeddem ara ; akka diɣ « Lliɣ d abeṛṛani ur iyi teqbilem ara », lmɛena-s mačči « dehmeɣ ed fallawen yerna teqbelm iyi », mɛana « ḥwaǧeɣ kra wass asṭerḥeb nwen ur iyi tugim ara ». Awal Eέvoς (Xénos) di Lmɛada Tajḍiṭ, ur isɛa ‘ra kan lmɛena d abeṛṛani u daɣenni lmɛena d inebgi (Ṛum 16.23 ; 1 Kur 16.5-6 ; Kul 4.10 ; 3 Yn 1.5). Daɣen YHWH, di Lmɛada Taqdimt yumeṛ ad sṭeṛḥben s ibaṛṛaniyen Iɛbṛaniyen axaṭeṛ ula d nitni llan d ibaṛṛaniyen di Maṣeṛ, ulamma ilaq as i wbaṛṛani ad issemkcem imanis ar Wegdud ufrin alma yeqbel ddin-nsen yerna yettfeṭṭil it… D lmuḥal ad qqim d abaṛṛani ijmɛan ddin is akw d lɛaddat is ! Daymi ur nefhim ara amek akka tefkiḍ ttesriḥ i yneselmen ad xeddmen ddin nsen di Yuṛupa. Lmɛena n Tira ur d-ttekk ara sɣuṛ wid iṭṭfen ddunit, mɛana seg wayen illan d lɛedda d wamek tella si zik. Ameksa yelhan isserwal uccen, ur t-id issekcam ara s afrag.
Lhedṛa issɛeǧaben lislam, ay ababat iṣelḥen, tessawḍaɣ ar lumm imi ur an-encced ara inselmen ad ǧǧen lislam, atan tessaweḍ acḥal n wid i-t iṭṭeycen, am Magdi Allam, la taǧǧan Tajmaɛit, seg wakken tudayt is teqbeṛ iten, yir tikli ‘nes tjerreḥ iten, war-assinjel is yessewhem iten, acekkeṛ is di lislam istewtew iten… Akka ihi tirwiḥin melba tamusni ɛerqent, ma d imasiḥiyen ur bgisen ara iman nsen ad qablen lislam, ulamma ar waya i-sen isawel uqeddis Yuḥnan-Pawal II (Ecclesia in Europa, n°57). Icebba yaɣ itmeslay i waḍu tanidda-k, Mass Nona Amel, amsefqed akatulik akeldiy, innejlan si Musul: « Lḥif neɣ n-wassa d aɛellem n lḥif nwen ay Iṛupiyen d imasiḥiyen n lɣerb, ara yɛeddin fallawen di lweqt ara d-iseqraben. Iṛuḥ iyi wemnaḍ iw. Tansa n-tmesfeqda-w d-taṛaṣult iw kecmen-tt at-lislam uqsiḥ yebɣan an-mmet neɣ an-eǧǧ ddin neɣ (…) At-sṭeṛḥibem di tmura nwen simal-simal s yinselmen. A d lxuf ula fellawen. Ilaq awen at-ḍebṛem ṛṛay uǧhid n-ibergazen (…). Tenwam imdanen akw ɛadlen, mɛana lislam ur d-inna belli imdanen akw ɛadlen. Ma ur tefhimem ara anect-a, tura kan, at-uɣalem d msakit n-wɛadaw i-d ssekcemem ɣurwen. (9 ɣuct 2014) ». Di ccɣwel-a an-idir neɣ an-mmet; aslufu i lislam d lxeddɛa. Ur nebɣa ‘ra ad-isaɣ lislam lɣerb akka la iteddu, neɣ a-t-ɛiwneḍ si timmad ik. Aniɣer an-nnejli daɣen, akken an-menɛa ?
Serḥ aneɣ a-k neḍleb, ḥaca leqdeṛ ik, at-neddheḍ akken a-d yili, d umatu, usqammu (synode) af lxuf yellan di lislam. Acu d-iqqimen, di tidett, i Tejmaɛit anida yessers iman-is lislam ? Ma mazal as amekkan tetwarki s dimmya, yernu ur t-ssenjal ara, meḥsub at-nkkeṛ iman-is… Akken ṣṣeḥ d-tidett a-d banen, Tajmaɛit ilaq as a-d sken ɛaynani amek tifukal i-d iqqaṛ lislam af liman amasiḥi d lekdeb. Lukan Tajmaɛit at-tebges at-xdem aya, mebla cekk d imelyunen n-inselmen, d wid akw yetnadin tidett af Ṛebbi, ama d argaz ama d-tameṭṭut, ara yuɣalen s abrid. Akken i-t-id tulseḍ di tmenna-k : « Win ur nettɛenni yara ar Lmasiḥ, yettɛenni i Cciṭan. (14.03.13) » Limmer ẓran medden a-d gwrin di Lǧihennama, ad fken tudert nsen i Lmasiḥ (ẓeṛ Coran 3.55).
Aql-aɣ di tayri n Lmasiḥ, uɣuṛ tettawiḍ Tajmaɛit is, nekwni i-d yusan si lislam, s lmɛawna n-waṭas n-watmaten neɣ di liman, abɛada imasiḥiyen n Ccerq, akw d iḥbiben neɣ, neṭṭalab-ak, di lɛanaya-k iqeddsen, a-ɣ tebbteḍ di tiddin nedda d Yasuɛ Lmasiḥ, illan d Ṛebbi n ṣṣeḥ d lɛabd n ṣṣeḥ, d netta kan i d Amsellek, s imeslayen yefran yufraren af lislam, nerna netter ik ad-aɣ tbarkeḍ s lbaṛaka iṛaṣulen, ma d nekwni hatta tẓallit neɣ fellak tezga akw d-tin yellan d Tamsarit deg tɛebbuṭ n-yemma-s.
Umuɣ n-ismawen n-wid izemlen akw d ummal-nsen (Aṭas ahat n-wid iǧǧan tineslemt ur nzemmel ara tabratt agi, di lxuf deg-aydeg llan…).


text:
Tasedkalt (tisedkalin), encyclopédie (fr) - encyclopedia (en) - enciclopedia (es) - موسوعة
Addad amaruz: tsedkalt (tsedkalin).
Ẓer daɣ: addukkel, adeklaẓri, amdukkel, ameddakel, asdukkel, asduklan, asedkalan, ddukkel, imesdukkel, sdukkel, tadeklaẓri, tadukli, tasdukla, tiddukla, tidikelt, ttwasdukkel.
Assaɣen uffiɣen:
Tasedkalt n Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen
Aql-iken deg - Vous êtes dans - Ustedes están en - أنتم في
Amawal n Tmaziɣt - Dictionnaire Amazigh - Français - Diccionario Amazigh - Español - قاموس أمازيغي - عربي
(c) Omar Mouffok - Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen.


text:
Arwass
Arwass
isaffn n urwass[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Isaffen n urwass gan kraḍ:
- 1- Asif n Lɣayy :
i Wann ysmunn tiẓalliwin g yat ، yenna rebbi g udlis nnes yeɛzzan : (فَخَلَفَ مِن بَعْدِهِمْ خَلْفٌ أَضَاعُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَاتَّبَعُوا الشَّهَوَاتِ فَسَوْفَ يَلْقَوْنَ غَيّاً) (taṣṣurt n maryam : 59)
- 2- Asif n Lwayl :
Asif-a ad sis yeckcem rebbi wanna ur yetẓallan g wakud nnes asif-a deg-s ilegmaḍn d iɣardmiwen mek yenna rebbi g udlis nnes yeɛzzan :
(فَوَيْلٌ لِّلْمُصَلِّينَ {4} الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَن صَلَاتِهِمْ سَاهُونَ) (taṣṣurt n Lmaɛun : 4 – 5).
- 3- Asif n Saqar :
Asif-a ad sis kcmen wid ur yetẓallan yenna fella-s rebbi g Lquran : (مَا سَلَكَكُمْ فِي سَقَرَ {42} قَالُوا لَمْ نَكُ مِنَ الْمُصَلِّينَ {43}) (taṣṣurt n lmudattir)
Yenna rebbi : (وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا سَقَرُ {27} لَا تُبْقِي وَلَا تَذَرُ {28}) (المدثر)، Asif-a yecqqa bahra wanna-t yekcmen ad bsin yiɣsan nnes acku yerɣa s waṭṭas wanna yujjin Taẓallit ad deg-s yili netta d uferɛun d uneɣlaf nnes haman
Taddagt n zzaqqum[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Yfsser-d rebbi g Udlis nnes yeɛzzan kra wnawen n Lɛafit lli ad kccemen ikafriyen g urwass؛ g lɛafit-a tella yiwet taddagt isem nnes zzaqum nnad yeffeɣn g urwass ، taddgt-a tssefɣd taqqayin i wayt Lɛafit ، ynna-d fell-as rebb g Lquran : (طَلْعُهَا كَأَنَّهُ رُءُوسُ الشَّيَاطِينِ)،[٦]
Taddgt-a n Zzaqum yessawel fella unabi Muḥammad (Taẓallit n ṛebbi fell-as) G Lḥadit llig yenna :
(لو أنّ قطرةً مِنَ الزّقّوم قُطِرتْ في دارِ الدنيا، لأفسدتْ على أهل الدنيا معايِشَهم، فكيفَ بمنْ يكونُ طعامُهُ).[٧][٨][٩]
taddagt n zzaqqum tga tammara bahra ycqqan i w-ayt Lɛafit acku ur umenn s rebbi g ddunit .


text:
Abstract:
Leqdic-a yekki gher unnar n tesnilest n tmazight s wudem amatu, gher tesnamka s wudem uzzig. Deg-s nga tazrawt ghef yifyirmanen inattalen : asulu akk d tegnatin n useqdec-nsen deg tmetti taqbaylit.
Nra deg umahil-a ad nessiwed gher kra n yiswan, ad ten-id-nebder : asissen n yifyirmanen inattalen deg temnadt n Tezmalt, abeyyen n tegnatin n us eqdec-nsen deg tmetti taqbaylit, asebded n tezrawt ghef kra n yifyirmanen inattalen n tmetti taqbaylit.
Leqdic-a yerza s umur ameqran tafyirmant, anda i d-nessuk tit s umata ghef yiswiren-is akk d wayen icudden gher unnar-is, gar-asen ifyirmanen inattalen i illan d tayunin tifyirmanin tilelliyin tukrifin negh d inmawalen, anamek-nsen d uddsayan icud gher tegnatin n taywalt anda ttwasemrasen.
Ger taggara ad d-nini d akken ifyirmanen inattalen akk d taghult n tefyirmant ilaq ad ikemmel unadi fell-asen, akken ad ibin dakken yal tamurt d yal tutlayt tesaa ifyirmanen-is inattalen i tt-iwatan.


text:
Tatrit (amtiweg)
Tatrit (azamul-is: ) d amtiweg wis sin yudsen ɣer tfukt s waggug yegdan 108 n imelyan n ikilumitren. Timzzit-is ɣef tfukt ur telli ara d tallusant s timmad, iga d amtiweg akalan am uziweɣ d mezweɣ yerna yettemcabi i tegnit deg ubleɣ d tsuddest. Deg Tlatint yettwasemma s «Venis» i wassaɣ ɣer yellu n tiẓilt (ccebaḥa), ma d Imaziɣen ssemman-as «Tatrit» acku d netta yakk i d-ittbanayen s yettfejjij ugar n yimtiwgen d yitran niden deg yiṭ (deg wakud n tefrara d wednunnes kan), dɣa isem-a tettwanefk-as s usrag n waffaw meqqren i d-ittawi seg umuli n tsemekta meqaren seg tafat n tfukt s usrag tineẓẓi meqqren n tegnut-is.
D tatrit i yudsen ɣer tafukt wala tagnit anda ig tezzi deg tmezzit-is yaggugen ɣef tfukt s wazal n 108 n imelyan n ikilumitren, deg wakud anda tagnit tettezzi deg tmezzit-is i d-izgan s azɣar (beṛṛa) n tmezzit n tetrit ɣef waggug yegdan 150 n imelyan n ikilumitren ɣef tfukt. Ɣef wannecta i yettwaskad deg tamiwin anda tettili tfukt kan, ayen i d-immalen d akken amdan deg tegnit yezmer ad iwali tatrit send n walluy n tfukt d uɣelluy-is s kra kan n termilin (n teswiɛin), mi ara ad iflali deg termilin-nni yettili d netta yakk i d tafekka taseflalayt s waṭas deg igenni. Ansa-ines ayi ila taskant i d-t-iǧǧan d yiwen seg sin n imtiwgen (yakk d uziweɣ) tettasnes fell-asen tumant n tukkit mi ara ad zrin gr n tfukt d tegnit, Tukkit n tatrit tettwaẓra deg useggas n 2012 ma d azray i d-tizwaren yella deg useggas n 2004.
Deg wakal n tetrit llan idurar n yimɣuzen yeddlen s wegris n ulddun ifessin yakk yettrugun mi ara ad tali teẓɣelt. Tamuski n tjumma n tetrit tella asentel n ugezzen usnan, ugar ma ad tili d asentel n tezrawt tamaglayt alammi d taggara n tsut tis 20 ass mi issawṭen imusnawen ad ssunɣen tagertilt i tjumma-ines seld mi yuznen tanawt n Magellan i d-yefkan tiwlafin n tjumma-ines gar n useggas n 1990 d 1991.
Tiskanin tisengamin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tatrit d yiwen seg 4 n yimtiwgen inamuren, ayen i d-t-iǧǧan ad yemcabi ɣer tegnit ama deg tsuddest-is taneẓṛut, takura-ines yakk d ubleɣ-is ɣef wanecta i yettwasemmay s wakniw n tegnit.[1] Aqqaṛ n tetrit d win yellan s ddaw n waqqaṛ n tegnit s 650 km kan, Ma d takura-ines tegda 81.5% seg takura n tegnit. Maca tifadiwin deg sufell n tetrit d tid yemgaraden s waṭas ɣef tfadiwin deg tegnit s usran n tegnut tagennawt taneẓẓawt igebren s talɣa tagejdant seg uksiden ikaṛbunen. Ma d aferdis wis sin deg tsuddest n tignut-is iga d anitrujin s ufimidi n 3.5% kan.[2]
Tasuddest tagensawt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ar tura ulac isalan usriden ɣef tsuddest tagensawt neɣ ɣef tkura n tegnit war isefka isuddimen seg tsenzenzelt neɣ seg yimir n tagant. S umata, Amcabi deg ubleɣ d tneẓẓi gar n tegnit d tetrit ittqellid-d tiẓri n wemcabi deg tsuddest tagensawt (aɣyay n umtiweg, azennar inegni d teclemt am tin n tegnit
Tarakalt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Azal n 80% n tjumma n tetrit tga d izaɣaren ineẓrumsen ileggaɣen. Isafen d yidurar d tikucin timackaṭin d wid yettilin s waṭas deg yimtiwgen inakalen am tetrit, dɣa amur ameqqran n yigmiren ijummanen n tetrit ttwasemman s yismawen n tullas ama d timazrayin neɣ d tumyiyin


text:
TAMURT – Teẓram akk a Iqbayeliyen d Teqbayliyin d akken Aɛraben n Teriqt Ugafa iwumi qqaren : imuɣrabiyen, ugin kra yellan n wegdud aqbayli.
1) Ugin tutlayt nneɣ
2) Ugin llebsa nneɣ
3) Ugin aẓawan nneɣ
Mara yili yiwen yugi ayla-k, amek kečč ara tḥemleḍ ayla-s ? Amek ara teqbleḍ ayla-snetta yugi ayla, yugi-k ula d kečč ad tiliḍ ula d aqbayli ? Ur uminɣ ara illa weqbayli i iṣeḥḥan deg allaɣ-is ar yeknun i waɛrab-ineslem n usekkak di taluft icban tagi. Ulac akk deg-s smaḥ !
Tura nekk ur fhimeɣ ara ayɣer imawlan n Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin ur ttagin ara i tarwa-nsen akken ur llemden ara tutlayt n taɛrabt ula d nutni, imi Aɛraben-agi ugin ula d nutni tutlayt nneɣ ?
Taqsiṭ agi tewɛar nezzeh, ilaq as-neqqim nekwni s Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin akken anekcum agi n uɣerbaz n 2020/2021, tarwa n Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin ad ḥebsen leqraya n tutlayt n taɛrabt, maca n tutlayt n taɛrabt-kan deg uɣerbaz. Teqqim-d tagi iwumi neqqar « tagnawit » neɣ talehǧit, ula d ttagi illa ttawil-is akken ad tt-nɣunzu warrac iqbayliyne. Ad tt-nḍegger ar deffir am tɣwasa nni ur nesliḥ ara. Ihi, taluft n tegnawit, tlehǧit d ayen ig sehlen maḍi.
Tazwara, akka d afell-a, ur tettmeslayem ara s tegnawit i yal aɛrab ar ken-id-immeslayen di beṛṛa neɣ di lbiru taɛrabt-is. Yal tikelt ara ken-id-immeslay waɛrab s taɛrabt-is, ilaq ad as-terrem s teqbaylit, mačči s taɛrabt, mačči s tefransist. Bdut tura xeddmet akkagi si tmurt taqbaylit, asmi ara taɣ akk medden xeddmen-tt, ass-nni a nkemmlet ar
lwilayat n taɛrabin. Akka-kan i d amennuɣ n talwit u yerna ad issufeɣ ɣer wayen yelhan tutlayt nneɣ taqbaylit.
Tecfam akk asmi idda « lboycot n uɣarbaz di tmurt taqbaylit deg usseggas n 1994. Yewwi-d ayen i d-yewwi, maca illa lexsas meqqar ar tura, acku taluft mazal-itt tettenfufud kan, ur tera yara. Ihi, ulac ayen ara d-yasen s ulac, kra yellan d amennuɣ i t-id-yettawin ! Ilaq ad llim allen nwen, nkent d akken taqbaylit mazal tettwaḥer deg akal-is, mazal ur stɛarfen ara yi-s di Lzayer imi mazal-is « wid itt-yebɣan-kan ». Wali-t kan, ulac ayen ara iḥettmen aɛraben akken tarwa nsen ad ttlemden bessif taqbaylit. Ma d arraw n Uqbayli, mḥettem fell-asen akken ad tt-lemden.
Hand Berkouk


text:
Inig ɣer yiglan imaynuten.
Ili-k seg wid ara iwalin ileqman i d-iteddun n Firefox i uselkim, Android akked iOS.
Beta
Sekyed timahilin ara d-yeffɣen akka kra n wakud s useqdec n warid urkid.
Beta d anagraw n usekyed akked d tneflit ur yerkiden ara. Di tazwara, Beta yettazen isefka i Mozilla — Tikwal i yimendiden-nneɣ — akken ad ɣ-d-yefk afus ad nefru uguren neɣ ad neɛreḍ tiktiwin-nniḍen, Issin ayen yettwabḍan.
Azen-aɣ-d tarmit-ik akken ad nẓer ayen ara nṣeggem i usnerni n tmellit akked tmahilin ɣef umnaḍ urkid.
Developer Edition
Rnu, sekyed udiɣ jbed s useqdec n yiminig i yettwafeṣlen i yineflayen.
Developper Edition d anagraw n usekyed akked d tneflit ur yerkiden ara. Di tazwara, Developer Edition yettazen isefka i Mozilla — Tikwal i yimendiden-nneɣ — akken ad ɣ-d-yefk afus ad nefru uguren neɣ ad neɛreḍ tiktiwin-nniḍen, Issin ayen yettwabḍan.
Nightly
Ili-k d amezwaru ara iwalin iminig-ik web n tsuta d-iteddun, sakin ɛiwen-aɣ ad t-nerr d iminig ufrin: ɛreḍ Firefox Nightly.
Nightly d anagraw n usekyed akked d tneflit ur yerkiden ara. Di tazwara, Nightly yettazen isefka i Mozilla — Tikwal i yimendiden-nneɣ — akken ad ɣ-d-yefk afus ad nefru uguren neɣ ad neɛreḍ tiktiwin-nniḍen, Issin ayen yettwabḍan.


text:
Deg uYmis n tnasfa n wass n 26 di duǧember, tilizri timseɛrebt teSsexdem tugnatin seg tikli i yibeddi ar tama n umeYnas n timunent Lwennas Ḥamzi, di Makuda. U nnan-d akken tugnatin agi d tidak n lḥirak di Tizi Wezzu. Seld mi d-sɛeddan tiwlafin n tikli di Xeṛṛaṭa, tilizri tesɛeddad tikli n imeYnasen n taqbaylit.
Awraas TV, berḥen belli yuYaled lḥirak di Tizi Wezzu, maca d lekdeb imi acḥal n wayyur ayagi ur telli tikli n lḥirak di temdint n wuzzu.
Lwennas Ḥamzi yettwaḥbes seg 6 di tuber i yɛeddan. Armi d 20 iseggasen n lḥebs i tezmer ad s-teḥkem taYdemt tazzayrit.


text:
Angraw anafuk
Iga Angraw afukan nɣ Angraw anafuk (s tnglizt : Solar System, s tfransist : Système solaire) yan ungraw amtiwgan nna ɣ illa wakal. Gis yan itri, ad t-igan d tafukt, d kra n tɣawsiwin tignnawin ttuldaynin ɣ wattayn nns: tam n imtiwgn ittunẓan d wayyurn nnsn ittwassnen ganin ɣ uɣrud 185, smmus n imtiwgen mẓẓiyn d wayyurn nnsn ittwassnen d imlyaṛn n iqzzuyn imẓẓiyn (tugdt imqqurn n id astéroïde d imtiwgn yaḍn mẓẓiynin, les comètes, igḍrar igrmtiwganen, atg.). Angraw afukan yamu ɣ umahllaw igan s yism Abrid n walim. Yaggug i tuẓẓumt n umahllaw s wattayn n 8 kpc (∼26 100 a.l.).
Imtiwgn nns[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Angraw anafuk gis tam n imtiwgn atnt igan:
- Azwaq nɣ Mirkur ()
- Finus nɣ Amaḍan ()
- Akal ()
- Mars nɣ Imzwiɣ ()
- Jubitir nɣ Adanbala ()
- Saturn nɣ ()
- Uranus nɣ ()
- Nibtun nɣ ()


text:
Agdud amaziɣ d agdud izedɣen tafṛiqt n ugafa, mi nettini Tamazɣa, seg teɣzut n isiwiyen illan deg utaram n miẓṛa ar tigzirin tiknariyin deg ugaraw anaṭlas, d seg ill agrakal ar tanezruft tamqrant .
Tella tsinant tanutlayt deg tmurt a ger teɛṛabt d tmaziɣt, maka ur tgi tsinant a tamatart i tsinant taẓuṛant. Nezmer ad nini mas amata n ugdud a d amaziɣ, ɣas llan wid iḍufen tutlayt nnsen tanamudt ilin wid tt ittun ttuɛeṛṛben maka sulen ḍufen udmawen aḍnin n tdelsa nnsen am ansayen (traditions), timyurin (habitudes), timelsa, tamguri taqbuṛt d uẓawan...
Ur nenni ad nessentel tafuyt s tassmi nini aqqa agdud amaziɣ d uzdig. La sselkanɣ is idneɣ ssarn izuṛan nniḍen tamurt am udayen, iferkann , ifiniqen, iṛumiyen, d waɛṛaben... maka s yat tmadrust ur izmirn ad isenfel tasnayt tadimugrafit n ugdud a slawan akkw iddɣ fsin deg imaziɣen asin ansayen nnsen ilin d yan ugmam seg tesnayt n tmagit tamaziɣt d yan uferdis n tbaɣurt nnes.
Nessen is ur d tutlayt ka iswettun tamagit n yan ugdud d is tga ɣas yan #uferdis ameskil (variable), maka akal d ufgan ad igan iferdisen imezgiten tt iswettun s izwar. Ig nezzga tiṭt deg umezruy n tmazɣa d deg tezrawin tinṭṛubulujiyin ad nentem, s war turda, mas d timmuzɣa d tamagit tazaykut d tmirant (actuelle) n tefriqt n ugafa s lawan akkw iddɣ ur d yiwi umezruy awd n ineɣmisen ɣef kra n uzwag ameqran seg ugmuḍ ɣer tmazɣa, neɣ kra n tgesri (extermination) mgal agdud amaziɣ am aynna isaren deg temrikt n ugafa akkw d tin unẓul i yigduden, mi qqaren ihinditn izeggwaɣen, s ufus n isbelyunitn d ineglizen.
Mqqar tga tutlayt yan uferdis ameskil deg tmagit d meqqar ur d ɣas nettat ad tt iswettun, ifukk ad nisin aqqa nettat d iman n ugdud, s wawal nniden, mala tedder tutlayt nnes ad idder d mala temmut awd netta ad immet am aynna isaren I ugdud afiniq, aferɛun, aṛami...heyya mek nexs ad iqqim ugdud amaziɣ iqan d ad nḍuf tutlayt nnes, mek uhu ad idwel d agdud anafuḍ.
Akken ad taf tutlayt ansa nnes deg tmurt nnes tḍuf tilawt nnes iqan d ad ttusemɣer afad ad tiɣiy ad tamẓ akkw igran n tudert s ungemḍ akkw deg usneɣmes d uslemd, teg tnawayt (standarisation) n tutlayt d uslugen nns d usemsasa nnes seg isragen i ɣa yawsan deg tenfalit a.
S uɣanib n : Muḥammad Belɣazali (#aselmad)


text:
Taswast
Taswast neɣ Tafada d allal n usiden n wakud i wsiden n yizmaz d wussan d usuddes-nsen i yimesɣuṛa imettiyen, imesɣanen, ideblanen yakk d imsenziyen, anecta yettili-d s isebdaden yemgaraden deg teswasin yemgaraden, deg yakk taswasin-nni ttunefken kra n yismawen i kra n talliyin n uzemz anda tikwal ttilin d ussan neɣ d imalas neɣ d ayyuren neɣ d iseggasen, dɣa deg waṭas n tikkal ttilin d ayyuren yakk d iseggasen i teddun yakk d tuzzya n tfukt deg igenni yakk d wansa n tegnit deg tmezzit-is ɣef tfukt, neɣ teddun yakk d tlallit d taggara n wayyur akken daɣen illant teswasin yettganin ɣef tuzya n wayyur d tfukt d isin. Maca mači d isefki ad ggunint yakk ɣef wayyur d tfukt acku llant kra n teswasin yeggunin ɣef yimtiwgen niden
Aṭas n tɣeṛmawin d yiɣerfen gan-d tiswasin amedya ɣer yimaziɣen (taswast tamaziɣt)


text:
Tasna tanaramt
Muḥammad Albnsir
Aḥmad Badduj (1950 - 22 Ɣuct 2020) iga yan zɣ inmɣuṛn n taẓuṛi taclḥit tamaziɣt, ilul ɣ useggas n 1950 ɣ Msgina igan yan udwar n Ifrxs itabɛan i Ugadir, tasga n Sus Massa. Dars uggar n 30 film s tutlayt taclḥit.
Tudrt-nns
Aḥmad Badduj iga yuws n Talburjt ɣ Ugadir. Iswurri ɣ kigan n twuriwin lli ɣ d yumẓ lbac nns, ilɛb akk d iɛrrimn n Talḥasant n ugadir ɣ usggwas n 1967.
Ɣ usggwas n 1972 ifta s Inzggan, ɣin aɣ iskr trabbut nns tamzwarut n lmṣraḥ s tmaziɣt iga yas s yism "Amnar Umrr". Izri nn ɣ tuggt n trubba yaḍni aylliɣ ikcm d tamsmunt n Tifawin ɣ isggwas n 1985, zɣ lliɣ disn ikcm as ibda ar ittuyssan ɣ ammas n ubaraz n tẓuri d lmaṣraḥ amaziɣ.
Ɣ usggwas n 1989 icark ɣ ṭṭṣwir n lfilm lli akk izwarn s tutlayt taclḥit d akk tutlayin timaziɣin at igan "Tamɣart n wurɣ". Zɣ ɣ-akud-ann icark ɣ kigan n laflam yaḍni iskr akk ntta talif d lixraj.
Immut igllin n Aḥmad Badduj s tmaḍunt n Kurunafirus ɣ wass n 20 ɣuct 2020 ɣ Ugadir. Ikka-tt-inn yad ihrc s sskar d wul
Asif n Wansifn
Asif n wansifn nɣ Asif n isaffn iga yan wasif bahra imqqurn g tmazirt n Lmɣrib. Yullid wasif n Wansifen sg idraren n waṭlaṣ anammas issudu s umnid n umalu allig nn-iffi g taman tiɣremt n Uzmmur, g ugaru (océan) Aṭṭlanṭi. Tiɣzi gis 555 Km, tamkta n waman sgis izrrin ar traḥan ar 117 m3/s, ɣayadd a yudjan asif n wansifen ayeg asif wiss sin g tmazirt n Lmɣrib.
Isaffen n Tasawt d Wad lɛbid gan isaffen imqqran dadd i-tt-ffin g wasif n wansifen, ssin itsen uckand seg idraren n waṭlaṣ amqqran, seg tmnaḍin Infeḍwak d Innultan, seg tsga n unẓul.
Asif n wansifen yattuy bahra watig-ns g umzruy tmazirt n Lmɣrib d umaḍal aqbur, iqqim iga iwtta ger tagldit n Fas d Tagldit Murrukc g uzmz Iwaṭṭasen d Imarinen, allig d ikcem urumi Afranṣawi s Lmɣrib g usggas n 1912. Ig daɣ asif-ad iwtta inger tiqqbilin n Ccawiyya d Rrḥamna, tili dars daɣ yat tawwri tagjdant g tibḍit tatrart n Murrukc, illa inger Tasga n Mrrakc-Asfi d tasga n Tigmmi tumlilt-Sttat.
Tazwart
Tga Wikipidya yat tsanayt nɣ d asamu amuṭṭun igan ilelli nɣ aḥuṛṛi illan s ɣaydd n tutlayin, tettuyskar d tettuyɛdal fad ad tg yat twuri n umyawas innurẓmn i kraygat yan, xdmn gis agudi n imaratn nna gis ittaran bla ad gis rbḥn nɣ ad gis amẓn tiɣrad, s uwttas ad tg tussna yat tɣawsa igan fabuṛ ur iqqan ad dars yili atig d kraygat yan dars azrf ad iɣr d ad yaqqra ɣayli ittiri.
Tga Wikipidya yan zɣ iɣbula n lmɛlumat nna akk imqqurn d nna akk ittuyssann ɣ umaḍal ɣ ammas n wantirnit, d nttat yat zɣ smuss d mraw isitn lli d ttkkan middn bzaf s tṣnif lli tskr Aliska ɣ wayyur n yunyu 2020. Ar takka tsanayt ad yan lmuḥtawa igan fabuṛ d bla n id lichar. Tumẓ tt tmrslt n Wikimidya d nttat ad sis ittklfn, tga tmrslt ad yat tmaddast ur igi awttas nns iqariḍn, ar t ttmwaln middn ɣar s twisi d ttabarruɛat.
Ansmassutaserɣint : محرك, s tafransist : Moteur) iga yan wallal issnfaln tazmart mkann tga, s tazmart tamussant (ar takka amussu).
Tasnaẓɣuṛt :
Taguri ad ''Ansmassu'' tkkad amyag n "Smass", acku Ansmassu ar ismussu kra g t-nga, zund ukan tihirrit, taylalt ...
- Smass afus.
- Smass ifx nk.
- Smass aḍaṛ nk.
Anɣmis g tutlayt
Asgzl g tutlayt tamaziɣt:
- Asinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt: SGSM
- Asinan amaziɣ: SM
- Asira anamur n tanfrut tadusant n isadurn: SNNDS
- َAgraw amaḍlan amaziɣ: GMM
- Tagldit n Lmɣrib: GM
- Tazlɣa n imaratn s tmaziɣt: ZMM
- Tafidiṛalit tanamurt n tmsmunin timaziɣin: FNMM
Lislam
Iga Lislam nɣ Islam (s tirra n zikk s tfinaɣ : « ⵍⵙⵍⵎ » ; s tɛrabt : الإسلام) yan ddin abrahmiy ittuḥḥadn rbbi. Yiwit-id urqqas Muḥmmad , ar ttinin i wanna iḍfarn ddin ad "amslm" nɣ iɣ guttn "imuslmn".
Ar isslmad Lislam is rbbi iga yan d ur illi kra n rbbi bla Allah (s tɛrabt : الله), d is iga Muḥmmad arqqas nns iggz fllas Lquran s tɣarast n unglus Jibril . Tga tugtt n imaziɣn imuslmn.
Awsat ɣ Wikipidya
- Tram ad tdrum? Ɣṛat ilugann d taratin, tḍfṛm aylli illan ɣ tasniwin n Tiwizi. Ur d iqqan uzmmem mac ittuwṣṣa sis
- Awsat ɣ tirra n imgradn n Wikipidya s tutlayt Taclḥit af ad yimɣur uggar.
- Iɣ tsɣawsat s tiwisi ɣ tirra n imnnitn, tẓḍaṛt ad nn taggʷt ɣ Tasna n Tiwisi.
Iga Wikipidya yan zɣ isɣnutn n Tmrslt n Wikimidya, ilin daɣ isɣnutn yaḍnin iwalan i tmrslt ad zun d:
Inagraw n isfka tugtmidya
Asnfar n iɣawasn iwikitn
Amyawas f isɣnutn n Wikimidya
Agudi n idllisn d Iṭṛiṣn ipidagugiyn
Tasila n isfka ilellin
Akttur ilellin n inɣmisn
Tadla n ibdurn
Tasdlist n ukttur ilellin
Tadla n wanawn
Imassn n usslmd ilellin
Amanar n umuddu ilellin
Amawal imqqurn


text:
S ttawil n tkebbanit tamarikanit Zoom, Tasdawit Tamaziɣr n Luṛup (European Amazigh University), tettkemmil deg leqdicat-ines s uncad n yimyura, isdawanen, agaggen, … i d-yettawin awal ɣef tsekla, idles, tasertit, akked tlufa iceɣben Tamazɣa s umata, tamurt n Yiqbayliyen ladɣa.
Tikelt-a tefka-yawen-d ttiɛad akked umaru, amesniles (Linguiste) Saɛid Cemmax, i wass n 02 deg waggur-agi n mayyu ɣef 07 n tmeddit. Timlilit-agi d tin ara d tḍefrem deg usebtar n Facebook n tɣerɣert tumḍint European Amazigh University
Asarag-agi ad d-tili s lmendad n massa Jeǧǧiga Isɛed, ddaw n uzwel « Tasekla Taqbaylit yuran : Awal ɣef tsekla tuntit ».
I usmekti, mass Cemmax ilul deg useggas n 1968, deg taddart n Wat Buɣerdan, di tama n Buɣni, d amaru, yessaẓreg-d yakan yiwen n wammud n tullisin, isemma-as « Gar zik d tura », akken daɣ i yura aṭas n yimagraden d tezrawin, i d-yeffɣen deg yiɣmisen, d tesɣunin yemgaraden.
D aselmad n tesnilest deg tesdawit n Mulud Mɛemmeri, di Tizi Wezzu, d win i yellan d ameɣnas deg umussu adelsan Amaziɣ (MCB), akken daɣi yekki deg umussu asduklan, yella d aɛeggal deg waṭas n tiddukliwin.
Ugar n waya mass Cemmax d win yettaken afus n tallelt i yimeskaren (Auteurs), inelmaden d yiselmaden, akken daɣ i yettara i tiɣri n tiddukliwin tidelasin, ixeddem isaragen, d temliliyin-nniḍen.


text:
Asaflaw n urtan
Asaflaw n urtan neɣ Abazul (Assaɣ ussnan: Sylvia borin) d yiwet n telmest n igṭaṭ igan d ayla n twacult n tberdeffilt yessegdafen (yessefruruxen) deg wamur ameqran n Uruppa d tlemmast n Asya. Afriwen-is ur lin ara (ur sɛin ara) ula d tanmegla neɣ amsekni aneflus, Dɣa asaflaw n urtan iga d tiberdeffelt tamsudemt n tewsit n Sylvia, Yuddes yerna ila iferran d udfar ɣezzifen
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tamuɣlit tuffiɣt
Asaflaw n urtan ila tamuɣlit yuddsen s wassaɣ, Akat-is yettawaṭ ar 14 cm deg teɣzi, d udinan n wafriw ilan seg 7,6 cm ar 8,4 cm, Azuk-is yettili gar n 16 ar 22 g. Maca yezmer ad yaweṭ ar 35,5 ɣer Iylalen yesuddusen (yettheggin) ad inigen, Asaflaw n urtan ila adfar d wafriwen ɣezzifen
Asemyif gar n snat n tdu-lemsin n usaflaw n urtan
Asčewčew
Tilmas yettemcabin


text:
Mercredi 21 juillet 2021
Polisario, Pegasus, Muḥemmed VI… akked “at ukaskiḍ’’-nnaɣ !
D abexlaluḍ ur d-newwi ad aɣ-issinef seg ubrid n tegrawla n talwit i Lezzayer tamaynut, di Tmazɣa Idduklen.
Tawekka tekcem-d asmi d-ilul Polisario di 1973 (1), si gar ifassen n El Geddafi akked Boumediene, snulfan-d tamurt taârabt (République arabe sahraoui démocratique/RASD) di tmurt tamaziɣt illan yakan ddaw udabu n Spanya : Asif Zeggaɣen / Segyet El Ḥamra / Rio de Oro/ Sahara occidental.
D win i d ugur amezwaru, ayen nniḍen akk d tasertit, d tikerkas.
Asmi yekkes uzaglu n Spanya ɣef tmurt-nni (d Spanya i d-iffɣen akal s lebɣi-s), immeɣ-d fell-as ugellid n Merruk zun d tamedda akken ad ikcem akal-is. Ḥasen II iga tikli tameqqrant n Imerrukiyen, ‘’tikli tazegzawt’’ (2), kecmen s wannayen n Merruk ttrefrifen.
Tifrat n temsalt n temnaṭ Asif Zeggaɣen, mačči d tamsalt n ONU/Tajmaât n Tmura Idduklen, mačči d tamsalt n UE neɣ n igerwan nniḍen, d tamsalt illan deg ufus n tmura n Tmazɣa (Merruk, Lezzayer, Tunes, Muritanya, Libya, …).
Timanit/autonomie n temnaṭ n Asif Zeggaɣen, ur izmir yiwen ad tt-inker. D azref n ugdud n tmurt-nni akked ad idder di tlelli-s, deg wakal-is.
Asmi yekkes fell-as uzaglu n Spanya, irna-d fell-as uzaglu n Lmexzen n Merruk, zun d tarekt/tabarda n tmara.
Maca, illa wugur ameqqran deg usirem : timanit (autonomie) ur telli d timunent (indépendance). Aẓar n timunent n ‘’RASD’’, illa si tazwara d tasertit n tɣennant n El Geddafi akked Boumediene ; d nitni i d-tt-igan, skecmen tawekka n beṭṭu di tmurt n Masnsen.
« Siweḍ akeddab ar tabburt » , akken illa wawal ɣur-nnaɣ,
neɣ akken illa anda nniḍen, icban rrya n « deux poids, deux mesures »: win iqeblen ass-a timunent n ‘’RASD’’, issefk ad iqbel azekka timunent n yal tamnaṭ n tmurt, d tamurt n Leqbayel (Kabylie), Arif, Tamẓabt, Aheggar, Adrar n Awras, tamurt n Wahran, atg.
S tmuɣli-ya, ad tedwel Tmazɣa d tiḥedrin ur neddukel, am ibawen ɣef lluḥ, ad tent-ččent azekka tmura timeqqranin i d-ildin imawen-nsent (UE, timura taârabin, Marikan, Terk, Cinwa,…).
Anwa i yessarmen ad taweḍ tmurt ɣer tseddart-a ?
Ferru n temsalt n Asif Zeggaɣen, d timanit n tidett akken agdud-is ad yidir di talwit, mačči gar tuccar n wa neɣ n win.
Timanit n Asif Zeggaɣen tezmer ad d-taweḍ s tsertit tamaynut ara yesdduklen timura n Tmazɣa n wass-a.
D timanit n talwit mačči n ccwal, akken yal tamnaṭ ad tizmir i yiman-is, s tutlayt-is, aɣerbaz-is, tadamsa-s, zdint deg ugraw ameqqrant n Tmazɣa Idduklen. Ass-a, tamurt n Arif, Tamẓabt, tamurt n Leqbayel, zemrent ad sbeddent adabu iwatan i tmetti-nsent. D tilelli akked leqder i yesddukulen iɣerfan/igduden, ɣas mgaraden, mačči d adebbuz n tsertit n jacobinisme akked takriṭ/violence.
Tasertit tamaynut deg usalu n Tmazɣa Idduklen issefk ad tekkes uguren illan deg ubrid-is. Llan gten. Ugur amezwaru d taârabt-tinneslemt ɣef yebna yal adabu di tmura n Tmazɣa :
Agellid Muḥemmed VI ayaâlawi di Merruk, win d-iqqnen aẓar-is si Mekka, di tmurt n Waâraben (3),
Adabu n Lezzayer n ukaskiḍ ur nekkis ar ass-a tabarda n tbumedyenit, i d-isnulfan iseggasen-a tikerkas n ‘’tbadist-nuvamberit’’,
Tunes ittnaɣen akked yiman-is, ma tella akka neɣ akkin, tmal ɣer wagmuḍ aârab,
Libya ur nefri tilufa-s, yal ass tkeččem-d twekka n Qatar, Maser akked Limarat… s ufus n Haftar akked imzenzan/mercenaires nniḍen.
Ɣas uguren llan, meqqrit, mačči d adrar. Di tsertit, ur issefk i yiwen ad issemɣer uguren ma llan, maca ad izwir ad ten-ifren, ad ten-ibḍu akken ad iddu asurif ɣer zdat. Ittwassen wawal-nni n tmurt n Cinwa : « abrid n 1000 km, issenti/ibeddu s usurif amezwaru ».
Tamsalt n Asif Zeggaɣen (ad ittwakkes ‘’RASD’’) tezmer ad tili d asurif amezwaru deg ubrid n tifrat i bennu n Tmazɣa Idduklen.
D ikabaren imagdayen (partis démocratiques), ineɣmasen, imyura, akked tddukliwin di Merruk, Lezzayer, Tunes, Libya, i izemren ad aɣen abrid-a, akken ad huccen yal adabu n taârabt-tinneslemt.
D tagrawla tadelsant (révolution culturelle) i timunent n Tmazɣa i d tasarut n usalu amaynut.
Ass-a, tiḥila n Lmexzen di Merruk i inebbcen s yal asafar (logiciel Pegasus n taâssast n tilifu), urar aberkan n at ukaskiḍ di Lezzayer neɣ di tlisa, i yesedduyen ‘’les manœuvres à balles réelles’’ akken kan ad siggden Izzayriyen, ur zmiren ad d-bedden azekka d agadir ur nɣelli ma yeddukel ugdud, acku nitni bedden mgal agdud. Azekka ad retmen/ɣlin yir aɣelluy.
Taggara, amennuɣ-nsen, gar-asen ass-a, iteddu ɣef uqerru-nnaɣ ; ur issefk ad d-yaweḍ agdud n Tmazɣa Idduklen, win i d-ikkan si leqrun d leqrun imezwura, d yiwen si Libya ar Merruk, ar Tegzirin Tiknariyin.
A.U.L.
Timerna / Notes :
1) Le Front Polisario, une forme abrégée de l’espagnol Frente Popular de Liberación de Saguía el Hamra y Río de Oro (Front populaire de Libération de la Saguia el Hamra et du Rio de Oro), connu aussi sous le nom Frelisario au début de son existence, est un mouvement politique et armé du Sahara occidental, créé en 1973 pour lutter contre l’occupation espagnole. Il est opposé depuis 1976 au Maroc pour le contrôle du Sahara occidental. (wikipédia)
2) La Marche verte est une grande marche pacifique partie du Maroc le 6 novembre 1975 vers le Sahara espagnol (actuel Sahara occidental, disputé avec le Front Polisario), lancée par le roi marocain Hassan II dans le but de le récupérer, car considéré comme faisant historiquement partie du Sahara marocain. Elle mobilisa environ 350 000 volontaires civils marocains. La Marche a fait suite à l’avis consultatif de la Cour internationale de justice rendu sur demande de Hassan II, cet avis reconnaissant des liens d’allégeances partiels, mais niant tout lien de souveraineté et reconnaissant le droit à l’auto-détermination. (wikipédia)
3) Ad d-nesmekti awal n Dda Salem At Sliman (Ould Slimane), ameɣnas aqbur n Ugraw Imaziɣen : « Les Arabes en Arabie » (in conf. université Sorbonne, Paris 1973).


text:
Idmaren
Idmaren (war asuf) d amur seg usemmili n ufgan yakk d usemmili n iɣersiwen niden, yezga-d gar n tuyat d wadis.[1][2] Idmaren d agman yebnan ɣef wemruj ademraw d yidis ademraw, Deg-s i yella wul, turin, twelzeknit yakk d tmaẓwalin d tɣessiwin tigensasin niden, Takma n yidmaren iga d aṭṭan imezdi yakk deg tama n yidmaren
Tamuski[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ɣer yifganen d waṭas n telmas n iɣersiwen, idmaren d tama-nni i d-yezgan gar n tuyat d yidis, yettwaggeẓ s tefergact tademrawt d wejgu n uzagur d waggus n tuyat
Agbur[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Idmaren d win anda yella wul d turin d tawelzeknit d tmaẓwalin (timaẓwalin n yidmaren tameqqṛanin d tmeẓyanin) d tamaẓwalt tussligt d tamaẓwalt n tayet d tɣessiwin tigensasin am ilmendis d yiẓi d uyerzi d umur seg tiberbillut (Sternum), Akken illan deg-s imegyan d iẓuran (Awerti, Aẓaṛ uɣiẓ d yiɣsan
Iɣsan[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Izmal isemmiliyen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tawuri[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Asgunef[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
D yiwet n twuri ixutren (ilan azal) deg yidmaren acku idmaren mači d turin kan i d-ttaddamen. Maca yettak-d tillalin yessefken i wakken ad xedment tawuri-nsent akken iwata yakk d ilmendis d yidis ademraw d iɣerdisen s usikel n wezwu (aḥerrek n ubeḥri) seg d ɣer turin, acku alluy d tudra n ilmendis d ibeddilen deg tidda n zdat deg yidis ademraw i d-yettilin s usrag n usikel n iɣerdisen ssenfalayen (ttbefdilen) ableɣ n wemruj ademraw


text:
Adrar n ufakan
Adrar n ufakan (s Thibṛut: הר הבית, har ha Bayi) d adeg uɣris yakk deg wesɣan n tudayt. S unect n wansayen n wudayen, din i yella ibedd ufakan n Uṛcalim yettwadermen deg useggas n 70 sɣur n umenkad Titus. Amur utrim n yiɣraben ilaten yessehrew-iten Hirudus i wakken ad issemɣur adeg-a, sin alin ad yili d agri amyiwen i ufakan n Uṛcalim w ad yesger aɣrab utrim neɣ aɣrab n unegger.
Assa, asarag n tmesgidiwin tettaṭṭaf amur ameqran seg wedrar n ufakan igan d sin n ismektayen inselmen meqqren: Tamesgida n el-Aqṣa yakked tkerbust n weẓru.


text:
Ijjen tɣuri tegg-it ijjen tseḍma d Tameɣrabit i yeqqnen ɣer tussna n lebḥer. Tufa qa din ijjen « tḥaryaḍt n lebḥer » (Gyre) di lebḥer n uburan, zzat i Lḥusima.
Asaḍuf n lebḥer di Lḥusima i iḍeffren i usenfar n temɛawant « Odyssea » i tegga tamunt Tawruppawit. S twiza aked furisti d usinag anamur n trezzut di tyemra n lebḥer d tesdawit n Ɛebdelmalek Sseɛdi. Ina merra ḍelqen di Nwanbir i yeɛdan ijj n macina i zi messḥen lebḥer (Glider). Tzemmer ad teɛber iferdisen ikimawiyen n waman n lebḥer, am leḥmu d tmellaḥt. D cḥar i yellan n Plantkun d plastik deg waman, lxedmet-a tekka xirebbi n simanat.
Tewca taseḍma tamassant, simana-ya ijjen wartikel d amassan x mani iwwḍen di trezzutin-nsen i yettwaggen di twalat tamezwarut deg yeffus n umiditirani. Aya, yus-d deg wegraw n ssistim Awruppawi i uḥeṭṭu n lebḥurat deg umaḍal (EuroGoos). S temccarcut n waṭṭas n imussnawen d inni ig ixeddmen deg ilaburatwaren n lebḥer Iwrappawiyen imaḍlanen.
Lḥusin Nibani, bab n tɣuri-ya, yenna ila qa d ta d twalat tamezwarut i di ɣa nessen ila qa din ijjen tḥeryaḍt n lebḥer deg Uburan. Wa d Afinumin i ttuɣa dd-ḥeṭṭan zi ssatilit waha. tɣuri-ya tewweḍ ɣer waṭṭas n ineɣmisen deg wansakud (espace-temps) n leḥmu d lemleḥ n lebḥer, tnayen-a n tmeslayin i daneɣ-ittejjan tiḥeryaḍin n lebḥer.
Taḥeryaḍt i yellan di Lḥusima tessizdig aman n watlanṭik i dd-ittasen zi tizi n Gibralṭar. Uca tbeṭṭa aman x jjihet uɣelluy n umiditirani i yellan yeḥma, d amellaḥ kṭer zeg waṭlantik.
Nibani yenna i La map, ila aqqa leɛbar i tegga macina n Glider tewta ar 500 mitru s nnej i waman, tenna ila aqqa taḥeryaḍt-nni tewta di lallaɣ n uburan, mani ssatilit ttuɣa immal-d udem-nnes n s nnej waha.
Γer eawed: Asaray anamur n Lḥusima.. Amsagar n d waman ixeṭṭfen tiṭṭawin


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Qbel amenex yaɣi ca bezzaf. Ɣuri timkwras bezzaf ṣṣaḥt inu, ugar ixf inu. Zaydex taẓallit kul luqt waxxa tenna-yi ultma “Iceqqa ɣifem tsseknud ixf nnem.”
G iḍ ngen s snat nnex g lbit. Da tsseflid ultma i rradyu. Iƹjeb-as yun lbarnamej xef sidna ƹisa. Waxxa sfeldex i lbarnamej-nna, zaydex taẓallit inu. Yun wass gix lkasiṭa n sidna ƹisa d ntta iga lmuƹjizat bezzaf aha ijjujji midden winna inɣa ca d winna ikucmen. Sellex xef lquwwa nnes nna ɣurs aha amenex iss.
Zi luqt-a idda lmacakil nna illan ɣuri. Ijjujji-yi aha amenex iss dɣi. Ntta ibeddel tudert inu ceyyan iddex la yakka tudert n wabda d lehna d tayri. La ttisinex dɣi is immut zi ljiht inu day ikker s igenna.


text:
Firefox yekkat fell-ak·am ɣef Windows
Tunigin fessusen n yismenyifen d tecraḍ n yisebtar ticki tsadreḍ-d Firefox i Windows.
Firefox yettqadar tabaḍnit-ik·im ɣef Mac.
Firefox ur yessikid ara ayen tettnadiḍ. Nesseḥbas inagan n tuqqna n wis kraḍ yettwassnen i ak·akem-yeṭṭafaren, ad ak·am-imudd meṛṛa asenqed.
Firefox i Linux
Aɣerbaz amaynut yemlal d uɣerbaz aqbur s yiminig arurad am lebraɣ ar ass-a d wussan.
Firefox i Windows 64-ibiten
Nettagad aṭas ɣef tɣellist n yisefka-inek·inem, ɣef waya ur ttagad.
Azray n yiminigen web
Firefox yella da seg tazwara.
D acu i d iminig web?
Iminig web yettawi-k·kem anda tebɣiḍ deg internet, yettaǧǧa-k·kem ad twaliḍ iḍrisen, tugniwin akked tvidyutin seg yal adeg deg umaḍal.
Leqqem iminig-inek·inem ɣer Firefox arurad, yettwaḍmanen, aɣelsan.
Iminig Firefox yettufeṣṣel i ummesten n tudert-ik·im tabaḍnit deg yal taswiet — acku d wa i d abrid arurad ara ak·akem-islellin seg yisalayen ẓẓayen, seg yir adellel d yineḍfaren.
Fren anwa Firefox Browser ara d-tsadreḍ deg tutlayt-ik·im
Nettwali ilaq yal yiwen ad yeseu ad yizmir ad yekcem ɣer internet — ɣef waya i nerra Firefox Browser yella deg wugar n 90 tutlayin s tallalt n yiwiziwen iẓewren deg umaḍal meṛṛa.
Firefox Browser i Chromebook
Mi ara Chromebook yettusebded yakan Chrome, asader d useqdec n Firefox d iminig-inek·inem ufrin ad ak·am-imudd kra n yibaɣuren
Firefox Quantum
Firefox Quantum d tanekkra n tneflit deg Firefox. Deg 2017, nerna-d amaynut, iminig arurad am lebraq i yettnerni sya ɣer da. Firefox Quantum d iminig Firefox Browser
Firefox : Aɣewway s tmentilt
Firefox d ilelli, yettwaḥrez s tkebbanit ur nettnadi ɣef tedrimt Mozilla, yesseḥbibiren ɣef yizerfan-ik umḍinen, akken daɣen tettarra Internet ihegga i yal yiwen deg yal amḍiq.
Adlis meẓẓiyen n tbaḍnit
Tzemreḍ ad d-terreḍ tudert-ik·im tabaḍnit, ad ternuḍ d kečč ara iseddun asenqed n tirmit-ik·im deg Internet! D ayen fessusen maḍi. Yal wa yezmer ad yeg aya.
Iminig n tunigin tusligt: Acu i d anamek-is swaswa
Firefox isemma-as tunigin tusligt, Chrome isemma-as asker n tunigin tusligt. Deg sin ad ak·akem-ǧǧen ad tiniged deg web s war asekles n uzray-inek·inem n tunigin.
Amsewḥel n udellel – abeckiḍ uffir mgal adellel yeɛekkumen.
Ddeqs n udellel, ihi drus n ṣṣbeṛ… D lawan ad teḥbes tidderwect-a.
Firefox : ugar n ummesten. Drus n wuguren.
Ayen iɣ-yecceɣben d ammesten n tudert-ik tusligt. Hatan acuɣer i nerra tunigin tusligt s Firefox teǧhedd ugar n iminigen-nniḍen.
Ur tqelliq ara mi ara tettnadiḍ iminig aɣellsan.
Lebni n yiminig aɣellsan d lfenn d tmussni, acku ulac ilugan yettusbadun i waya.
Firefox Sync
Kcem syen semtawi ticraḍ n yisebtar-inek·inem, awalen-ik·im uffiren, accaren yeldin d wugar — s kra n wanda i tseqdaceḍ Firefox.
Sebɛa n yiminigen yufraren deg userwes usrid
Nserwas gar Firefox akked Chrome, Edge, Safari, Opera, Brave d Internet Explorer akken ad k•kem-nɛawen ad teddmeḍ ṛṛay.
Aserwes gar Firefox Browser d Google Chrome
Temɣer mačči yal tikkelt d ayen igerrzen. Fren axir tilelli.
Aserwes n Firefox Browser ɣer Brave
Ili-k d bu tissas, d bu tebɣest mi ara tferneḍ iminig i ak-ilaqen.
Aserwes Firefox Browser wd Microsoft Edge
Ur tezmireḍ ara akk ad d-tafeḍ anwa iminig ara yilin d arurad, yesean timahilin…
Aserwes gar Firefox Browser akked Microsoft Internet Explorer
Tannumi taqdimt yeweer ad tt-teǧǧeḍ, maca ad taḥalfuḍ tgerrzeḍ mi ara ruḥent.
Aserwes gar Firefox Browser d Apple Safari
Mačči bessif ad tesqedceḍ iminig-ik·im alugan amezwer.
Aserwes gar Firefox Browser akked Opera
Cnu lemdiḥ n Firefox melmi i tebɣiḍ.
Asewḥel n udsil umḍin
Adsil umḍin d anaw n uḍfar srid i leqqay uḍfar-ines ugar n uḍfar yebnan ɣef yinagan n tuqqna — ɣef waya i t-issewḥal Firefox Browser.
Suqel web
Suqqel ugar n 100 tutlayin ɣer tatlayt-ik·im srid deg Firefox Browser-inek·inem - fessus ugar ɣef wayen yezrin.
Amnir i uḥraz n yinekcam d wawalen uffiren
Ugar d wugar n tɣawsiwin timḥalfuyin, yesean azal meqqren deg tudert-nneɣ ttummestnent s wawalen uffiren.


text:
Islgan n umussu n Nyuṭun
Islgan n umussu n Isḥaq Nyuṭun ar skaren azday inger afud da ismussun tazzit d umussu nns.
Aslgn amzwaru[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ar ittini uslgn amzwaru n Nyutun mas ig yat tazzit t-bidd ur attmussu neɣ ar tmussu s yat tazzla timzgit g yan umnid, ira tɣama tazzit ad tɣama tbidd neɣ ra-tɣama tssuda s yat tazzla timzgit mqqar ar fllas ittagez wafud. Aslgn ad i-tt-uyssan s wassaɣ n Aslgn n Tussimt [1].
Rad tt nara s ɣmk-ad:
Aslgn n Tussimt iwfat g tizwiri mass Galilyu Galili yara-t s tɣarast nna s t-nssen, macc ɣir i wmussu afraran f wakal, g yan uzmz yaḍni mass Runi Dikart issmɣur aslgn ad.
Dat Galili tella yat tswingmt mas akk imussuten ifrarann darsen timntal tusridin. Macc Galili iẓẓdar a-ysan seg irimen-ns mas tazzit ittmussun, ra-tɣama ar tmussu mqqar yan afud ar iswwuri bac a tbidd.
Aslgn wiss sin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Aslgn wiss sin n Nyutun iga yan uslgn yakkan yan uglam asmktan n maf-iẓdar yan wafud at isker i wmussu n yat tazzit. ar ittini mas asnfel n tasmkta n umussu g uzmz n yat tazzit inict g umnad d tasmkta i tazduzt (mass) d tazzla-ns. tasmkta n umussu tga zund tazzla, gan imawayen [2], darsen ssin tasmkta d amnid.
Afud i-tt-ssurḥen f yat tazzit iẓdar ayssnfel tasmkta n umussu ns, neɣ amnad ns ne iẓdar atn issnfel ssin. Aslgn wiss sin n Nyutun iga yan uslgn akk istawhmman g Tasengama.
Yat tazzit ilan yat tazduzt timzgit , ras nara :
neɣ nẓdar at nara s tɣarast yaḍnin :
Ɣid ar nmmal :
- : Afud
- : Tazduzt
- : Tazzazt
Maɣ d gan imawayen.
Ig yat tazzit dars afud agnsan,ar ittazzaz s mklli aɣ ttini tagda n uslgn ad wiss ssin n Nyutun. seg tasga yaḍnin ig tazzit ur attazzaz, ur ra-gis ili yan afud agnsan.
Aslgn wiss kraḍ[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Aslgn wiss kraḍ n Nyutun ar ittini mas ig darneɣ snat tazziwin, yat ar iṭṭiḍiṣ f wayyaḍ, nẓdar anini mas yan ar issḥruy afud f wayyaḍ s tmkta inicten d imnaden isniln. Aslgn wiss kraḍ ittuyssan s wassaɣ n Aslgn n tigawt d trarit[3]. Aslgn ad istawhmma bahra g tiɣri n amyas agellal.
Amawal[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Aglam = description
- Amaway = vector
- Agnsan = interior
- Tazzit = body
- Timzgit = constant
- Timntal = causes
- Tusridin = direct
- Irimen = experiences
- Afraran = horizental
- Asmktan = quantitative
- Asnfel = change
- Amussu = momentum
- Inict = equal
- Amnad = direction
- Ssurḥen = applied
- Tagda = equation
- Iṭṭiḍiṣ = act
- Isniln = opposite
- Tigawt = action
- Agellal = static
Isaɣuln[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iɣbula :[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- ↑ Amawal n Tasengama (Tafizikt) : https://amaruyidir.files.wordpress.com/2019/09/amawal_amatu_n_tfizikt_tatrart_tafransist-taqbaylit-dc3a9verrouillc3a9.pdf, Tasna tiss 38
- ↑ Amawal n Tusnakt : http://adrar-inu.blogspot.com/2015/04/lexique-de-mathematiques-amawal-n.html
- ↑ Amawal Tamaziɣt-Takatalunit : http://www.amazic.cat/dictionary/reaccio/


text:
Ali Azayku
Tasvunt : Tifawt , uÏÏun 01
Tirra tga, x kaygatt azmz, x kaygatt advar,imassn n kra v mddn.nkki gix v willi ur ittaran, willi mmi ur ittnm umara v ufus,willi ittun tirra. Waxxa ssn vikkad is tga tirra tawwuri,is ar tmmal avaras ur ifawn ig win tifawin….
Macc ssnvdav iv urix is rad asint tkããaä ulawn n willi imyarn ad fllax ttaran,ar asn nttara….
Acku tirra nu rad asn tkks awal,tfk t i willi nvan,i willi mi rad gn mggu, willi igan imazivn, ur jji tn gin…!Illa kra v mddn ar bdda skarn, ur ar ttaran, nga gisn,illa kra v mddn ar bdda swingimn,ar bdda sawaln…macc ur ar ttaran..nga gisn.
Ar bdda nzddm akccuä, ar sis ssnwan wiyyaä,ar sis rqqan…ar bdda nkkrz ar mggrn wiyyaä;zrgn akæ waman nv, izzlf irifi igran nv.
Lliv ur tlli tirra, nga bdda nkæni, ulawn nv av nsmun tudrt nv: Tawwuri,iswingimn nnx,tumrt nnx, tammara nnx, tayri nnx d iriyn nnx…akudann, wanna d ginv ayt tmazirt iluln,ikkusu ul n babas d mas d aytmas, d ayt tmazirt nns.
Ass ad, tlla tirra,tkkis ax ad nkkusu ulawn,lliv ar nttara, ar nttara kra yaänin ur d ikki ul nnx,ikka d bëëa nnx, bëëa nnx, ur d ikki aåns nnx, is fllav ittrs s taçayt nns, ar tssxsay,imikk s imikk maylli ur ittyaran.Ur d is ar ttinix ad nfl tirra,is rix tirra ad gnt imassn n wulawn nnx,ad nara ma nkkusa,ma ikkan f wulawn nnx,acku tarwa nnx ar tn ssngayn mddn yaänin s mad uran, s mad d ikkan ulawn nnsn nttni,ur ar sul nkka nkæni amr aman d ugårn…!
Azmz ad v nlla iga win tirra,tid igan tinnnx, s tfrkkit ula tinznit,tid av iskarn vmklli nga, tid d ittasin iman nnx x tuççumt v tuççumt n wulawn nx, tad ax igan, xtad, ur sar tlli, iv ur tlli s wawal nnx: Awal nnx ad av igan,iv immut, nmmut.
Ma rad nara?
Ad nara awal nnx, s wawal nnx…ad nra tallasin n id matnx, urarn n isuyas nnx, iwaliwn ddrnin n iwssarn nnx, assavn n igäaä d waylaln,tuga d ijddign nnx,adrar nnx d uzavar nnx, aman nnv, d igadan nnx,ad nra f tumrt nnx, imçyann, d inmvuën nnx, igran, timvriwin, aäan, ussan nnx.
Imikk g kigan ad nnix, iggut mad riv ad t inix, macc ixf n uvaras ittywssan.
Aynna sa nttara,ar ittimvuë ixfayda (capital) nnx.
Iv imun mad urmn willi zrinin g ayt darnv d wiyyaä, nsmd as nn ma nurm nkæni v tudrt nnx, rad issann tarwa nnx ma v nvçan d ma v nunf; vmkann, rad vwin avaras yuvn,aku ur ad alsn i ma nskr.Kra rad yini: Ur akæ nlkm f ma ad akæ, iv nra ad nlkm ma nra.
Rad utv awal, rarv as iniv:llan bdda ivarasn ggutnin lli ttawinin s mani, macc ur gin yan.Iqqand yan ad isti walli rad t isslkm, ur t ibjrt, ur t issrki, ur t igi d wayyaä, v bëëa d uåns nns, iv ira urgaz, nv d tamvart ad ig ma d ur igi, ur igi ma d ira ad t ig. Swawal yaänin, ad ig mad ur igin yat, ur ad fllas nsawal, acku ijla talalit nns, llix sis ur iskir,inix as dax: argaz nvdd tamvart, iv ur igi ntta nit,ur sar ifki maylli mi içäar ad t ifk.ur sar igi maylli mi ivi ad t ig.
Smdv i mayad inix as dax: Iv rad tlkmt f ixsan n babak d mak, d ayt dark, tnvit gik maylli k disn isnyalkamn…
Zun d ukan iv tlkmt, nv ur tlkmt!acku v waåns nnk, gr ak d ixf nnk, ur sar tgit amya!tgit walu, tlqqmt s imëçig.
X tiïï n wiyyaä, willi nn tvawlt gin dark kra yattuyn,ur rad darsn tgt amr imzzi, zun d avama,nvdd arraw smunn t v tsukt; ad ukan tirit ad disn tgt yan s ak ssktin ma darsn tgit; mar babas, ijlan mas…imjli,ur ar ittall ixf, ur ar ittall awal.


text:
Di tallit anda ssawalen waxuten d iɣersiwen, yella yiwen wegḍiḍ isem-is ṭikuk. Yal taṣebḥit mi ara d-yekker ad yebdu ad yessawal ṭikuk, ṭikuk, ṭikuk… akken alarma yeɣli yiṭij. Tameddit mi ara iɛeddi ad igen yetteqraḥ-it uqerru-ines, ur t-id-yettas ara naddam yettzad fell-as weqraḥ, seg wakken aṭas i isuɣ deg wass. d ɣa din ad as-yini: i nekk? sekra yekka wass, ttsuɣuɣ ṭikuk; ṭikuk, ṭikuk nebla lfayda, mi ara d-tas tmeddit ur gganeɣ ara seg weqraḥ uqerru-inu, atan azekka ma yella ṣebḥeɣ-d ur mmuteɣ ara atan maɛɛac ad uɣaleɣ ɣer tagi usiwel ṭikuk, ṭikuk, ṭikuk… Azekka-yinna kan mi d-yekker a d-yaf yekkes-as weqraḥ uqerru-ines, dɣa ad as-yini: amek d nekk ara yeǧǧen tinna n baba d jeddi? Dɣa din kan ara yuɣal ɣer tinna n baba-s d jeddi-s. ṭikuk, ṭikuk, ṭikuk
Yusef ƐACURI


text:
Essai d’analyse macrostructurelle et microstructurelle (Polysémie, synonymie et néologie) de dix dictionnaires kabyles.
Date2016-10
Author
IMARAZENE, Fahem
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
Di tazwara, ur nezmir ara neẓrew taɣult n usnulfawal qbel ma ad d-nɛeddi ɣef useknawal. Aṭas n yimawalan i d-yeffɣen ilmend n teqbaylit azal n 228 n yiseggasen-aya. Ɣef waya i nra di tazwara ad nissin qbel talliyin n useknawal n teqbaylit ; s tmussni n wid iten-ixedmen, tarrayin i s-way-s ttwaxedmen ? Ma nga daɣen aserwes gar yal Amawal akked umawal n Dali amer ahat ad d-naff tagetnamka d tmegdiwt gar-asen neɣ ahat dayen i yellan deg wa ara naff deg wayeḍ ? Ar taggara, ad neɛreḍ ad nwali deg yimawalen n teqbaylit ma yella-d usekcem n yiwalnuten, amek i d-ttwasnullfan wawalen-a ? Akken ad d-nerr ɣef yesteqsiyen-a, nessugen-d kra n turdiwin : imusnawen n useknawal bḍan taɣult-a ɣef kradet n talliyin, xas akken nekkni deg wammud-agi-nneɣ yezmer ad d-naff ugar ; Ma nwala belli wid i iqedcen deg wannar-a ur llin d imusnawen n taɣult-a, yezmer ahat xas akken ixeddimen-nsen ur mmiden ara maca qerben. Daɣen mi ara nexdem aserwes gar yal Amawal akked Dali iban akka ad d-yili wefran n wawalen axater yezmer ad d-naff tagetnamka d tmegdiwt ; Amer ahat wid i d-ixedmen imawalen imaynuten, ssawḍen ufan-d tarrayin timaynutin ama n usileɣ n yimawalen d yiwalnuten i d-gren ar daxel. Deg yixef amenzu n leqdic-agi-nneɣ ; nessaweḍ nesbadu-d ismawen n talliyin n useknawal i fkan yimaẓrayen i aɣ-yezwaren ar teẓrewt n taɣult-a (Bunfur, Buyeḥya, Mennana, Ɛelyan, ...). Maca di tazwara, ahat ismawen i asent-fkan, ireṣṣa kan ɣef wudem anaktan n wid iten-ixedmen, ismawen n talliyin iɣef mwatan imaẓrayen-a d ti : (tamyalalt, tantalant, tatnugrafit, tussnant). Tis snat, ismawen-a, ttunefken akk i yiseknawalen n tmaziɣt (ama di Lezzayer ; ama di tmura timaziɣin-niḍen bḥal Lmeṛṛuk). Nekkni ihi nettwali s tmuɣli-nniḍen, acku nmuqel udem ussnan n leqdicat-a ; Amek i tt-wasulɣen yimawalen-a, d acu n umaynut i d-yuwi wa ɣef wa. Ihi ar taggara n yixef-agi amenzu nufa-d belli taɣult n useknawal n teqbaylit nezmer ad tt-nebḍu ɣef ukkuzet n talliyin : aseknawal irayan (1877-1871) ; Segmi ahat i tikkelt tamenzut ara d-yili useqdec n ugemmay alaṭini ilmend n tira n teqbaylitt, aladɣa di taɣult-a n useknawal, xas akken yezmer lḥal llan yimawalen n teqbaylit uqbel tallit-a maca ur urin ara s tlaṭinit neɣ ugar ur d-banen ara deg wannar. Tis snat ad d-naweḍ ar tallit i wumi nsemma aseknawal irasnilsan (1872-1900) ; Segmi imseknawalen ur fkin ara aṭas azal i usbadu n tkecmin imi ttaken-d kan iknawen-nsent ama di teqbaylit ama di tefransist neɣ tibaduyin-a ttarrant-d kan ɣef yiwen usteqsi azwaran di tesleḍt taseknawalt (D acu i d anamek n wawal di tutlayt n win i steqsan ? ), deg umedya daɣen ulac imedyaten, daɣen ur d-ttaken ara imecraren i iwatan akken ad yeɛqel yimeɣri (taggayt, tugmaẓart,..) n tukcimt-nni, rnu ɣer waya lexsas n useqdec n yimedyaten akken ad nwali aseqdect n tukcimt-a deg yinaw s timmad-is d awal. Tis kraḍ, ad d-nessiweḍ ar tallit n useknawal atnugrafi (1901-1969) ; segmi imseknawalen i d-ixedmen imawalen-a fkan azal aṭas i usbadu n wawalen i icudden aladɣa ar tɣerma ar yedles akked ddin. Di tallit-a imseknawalen, ad ten naf yella wanda i sxedmen kra n yimecranen, yella wanda daɣen ara naff imecranen-a ur d-ttunefken ara i wamur-niḍen n tukcimin. Di tallit taneggarut ad d-nessiweḍ ar useknawal asdawan (usnan) (1970 ar tura), segmi imseknawalen n tallit-a ur qqimen ara kan deg ugmar n wammud azwaran meḥsub alqaḍ n wawalen yellan, maca walan lexsa i yerzan amawal n teqbaylit sumata kkren ufan-d tarrayin i s-way-s ara d-awin iwalnuten ara isemmden ilem yellan deg umawal, neɣ ugar n waya bɣan ad fken udem amiran neɣ atrar i taɣult n useknawal d umawal n teqbaylit di sin, deg umedya Amawal n tmaziɣt tartar i yura Mulud At Mɛemmer netta akked yinelmaden-is. Deg yixef wis sin, neẓrew tarrayin i yessexdem yal amseknawal deg umawal-ines ; ayen icudden s umata ar ugerwisem n yal Amawal ; s teẓrewt n yimecranen i yellan deg ugbur n tidimɣert : Tizwar, igerwismen, tukcimin : akked yimecranen ara naf di tidimmẓit n yal Amawal : Tukcimt, tirawalt, tira tamsislant, taggayt, tagmuẓar, ticṛent, tabadut asmedyet. Llan yimawalen d ikradwalen am umawal n (Paradis) akked win n (Brosselard), Llan daɣen imawalen d isinwalen am yimawalen i yexdem : (Creusat, Olivier, Huyghe, Dallet, Haddadou), Ala yiwen n umawal aynutlayan i d-yettwaxedmen ilmend n teqbaylit (Bouamara). Deg yixef-a daɣen, nwala-d anerni n tiriɣtan n yal Amawal seg tallit ar tayeḍ, meḥsub i taluft-a nezmer ad d-nemmeslay ɣef snat n temsal imi ahat di kra n yimawalen aṭas n yisebtaren ara d-tafeḍ ur tettwabrez ara tira-nsen neɣ ahat deg yiskilen i smersen yimseknawalen-a ilmen-d n yimesla acku yal Amawal neɣ sin neg ugar yettwaxdem imir ɛla ḥsab n yilugan n tira i yellan di tallit-is, deg umedya, llan kra sxedmen (ch) ilmend n yimesli [c], neɣ (gh) ilmend n [ɣ] neɣ (tc) ilmend n (čč)… . Deg yixef wis kraḍ, nesserwes amud i d-nekkes deg umawal n Dali akked yimmuden i d-nekkes deg yal Amawal, ilmend n teẓrewt n tgetnamkit d tmegdiwt i yellan gar-asen. Ar taggara, igemmaḍ sbanen-d belli yella wemgired amegdiwi d ugetnamki yakan s daxel n yiwen n umawal. Agetnamki ama deg yiwen n umawal, deg umedya, deg umawal n Bulifa ad naf yefka-d sin n yinumak (Unité de mesure || Charge d’arme à feu, Coup de feu) i tekcemt (Aɛbar). Ama daɣen ma nesserwes tibaduyin n yiwet n tekcemt gar sin yimawalen, deg umedya di Dali ad naf asexdem n yiwen n unamek ilmend n usbadu n tekcemt asečči (poison), ma di Yug si tama-s, yefka-d kradet n yinumak ilmend n usbadu n tekcemt asečči (I.Sorte de poison. II. Par extension, nourriture ou breuvage détestable. III. S’emploie pour désigner la phtisie). D igemmaḍ-a daɣen i d-nufa mi nesserwes gar imawalen ilmend n timegdiwt imi nezmer ad tt-naf deg yiwen n umawal, deg umedya, di Dali ad d-nemlil asexdem n sin n wawalen n teqbaylit (abeḥnuq/acelliq) ; timigdiwt n tmawalt s daxel n yiwet n tsiwelt ; ilmend n tukcimt n tefransist (chiffon). Am wakken i nezmer ad d naff daɣen timigdiwt n temsislawalt d tesnalɣawalt ama s daxel n yiwen n umawal ama ma nesserwes gar sin neɣ ugar n yimawalen. Ayen i aɣ-yeǧǧan ad d-nessemgired azal n ukkuzet n tsiwlin di tutlayt n teqbaylit. Nwala-d daɣen timegdiwt i yellan gar temnaḍt d tayeḍ acku yiwet n tsawelt tesseḥbaber ɣef umawal anaṣli ma di tayeḍ iruḥ-as, deg umedya, di dali ad naff asexdem n n tkecemt (aqewwas) ; i d-yekkan si taɛrabt, i d-yettwasbadun ilmend n unamek (cercle), ma ɣer Yug ad tnaf yefka-d azal-niḍen i tekcemt n tefransist (cercle), imi aknaw-is di teqbaylit n umawal-a (asarag). D ayen i d-nwala deg waṭas n yimedyaten-niḍen anda llan tsiwlin ideg d-yeqqim wawal anṣli, llant tiyiḍ ala beddlent-tent s ureṭṭal i tessegmawel di tutlayt-ines n yal ass ; meḥsub nessekcem-d awalen ireṭṭalen nerra-ten-id ar lqaleb n tutlayt-nneɣ, deg umedya, abali, afṛuṭwar…. Deg yixef aneggaru n tesleḍt-agi-nneɣ, nga-d tasleḍt i wammud (n yiwalnuten) i d-negmer deg yimawalen imaynuten wid n : Bouamara (2010) d Haddadou (2014). Di leqdic-nsen nwala-d belli mačči ala iwalnuten-nni i d-yettwasnulfan gar (1970-1996) i wumi i d-ulsen, maca ssawḍen ahat ar sin igemmaḍ imeqranen imi d-uwin si tama-nsen daɣen amaynut ; ama d iwalnuten i netteḥwiǧ di tallit-a n yimira ama daɣen d inaw i sqedcen : yella-d usnulfu n wawalen s lmendad n waẓaren i d-yettwakksen seg wawalen n teqbaylit ladɣa s usexdem n tarrayt n usuddem di tuget n tikkal. Asuddem-a, yella-d s usezwer (s yezwiren : im, ames, amy, an, in, …) neɣ s usegri (an, ay, y, …) i nrennu i waẓar deg yiswi ad d-nesnulfu awal amaynut, ama d : ismawen n tigawt (afern, abder,…), ismawen n imeskaren (anaǧǧaw, amsuṭṭaḍ…), ismawen ikmamen (tisenɣit, asečču, …), ismawen imadwanen (anesɣamu), ismawen n wallal (amsedday, amsigres, …), irbiben (imaw, adersan,…). Imseknawalen-a sxedmen daɣen tarrayt n usudes ilmend n usnulfu n wawal amaynut s usdukkel n sin waẓaren n teqbaylit deg umedya asuddes n yisem n wuṭṭun kraḍ d uferdis (et). Yella-d daɣen usexdem n yinaw aynutlay i tikkelt tamezwarut di taɣult-a n usnawal, ayen ahat ara yesbuɣren neɣ ara yessisehlen aselmed tutlayt-a s timmad-is d tutlayt n tyemmat neɣ ahat ugar d tutlayt tunṣibt.


text:
Yessijj-dd unaẓur Ḥafiḍ Lbujeddayni s yijjen uɣennij d amaynu azwel-nnes «imeddukar ».
Aɣenniji-a i yessers x Youtube ass n 07 zi Cutenbir zeg useggas-a. Iɣennej-it artista-ya s ijjen tcuni, ittejja-aneɣ nettsafar aked umaḍal i yettegg uɣennij-a. Mamec i kid-s yeksi aberru n tabratin i yexs ad tent-issiweḍ x webrid n uɣennij-a wa.
Lbujeddayni zeg yimeɣnaj i yewcin aṭṭas i uɣennij arifi asebḥan, akid-s i tegga Tifyur isuraf-nnes imezwura, amen i dd-yessufeɣ iɣennijen ksin amkan-nsen deg wazzerg n uɣenni arifi, zeg-sen « Arrif » d « Iɣuyyan » d « Amenneɛruq » …


text:
TIZI WEZZU (TAMURT) – I n uɣerbaz yessuref i yinelmaden i wakken ur ɣaren ara taqbaylit.
Ugar n 60 n inelmaden i yettwaḥerman si tutlayt n tyemmatt, s lebɣi n imḍebber amenzu n uɣerbaz, i wakken ad iččar tiṭ i yimawlan n warrac, neɣ ahat akken ad yeddu di lebɣi n inelmaden.
Anemhal n uɣerbaz alemmas » colonel » Luṭfi di temdint n Tizi Wezzu, ɣef yimi iɛeggalen n tdukli n iselmaden n Tizi Wezzu, yefka ttesriḥ i yinalmaden i d-yewwin leɛder (dispense), imi zzaren tameslayt n teqbaylit d taɛkemt ɣef tuyat terna-d kan d zzyada !
Crif Wanuɣi


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Aniwa ara yamnen Xalil Ğibran mi d-yenna : « Deg wul n tegrest i tekmen tefsut s yijeğğigen. » « Tiziri », nettat, tbubb ɣef uerur-is amwan (lexrif) ideg tewwet lkimya ; lexrif iger-d asurif, yessekna tuyat-is akken ad yerfed ineẓman n tegrest imi, xas d iḥemmalen, xas d llyali tiberkanin, xas d taswiet ideg tekmummes tudert… tagrest tettheyyi usu s yijeğğigen n tefsut akken anebdu ad yesteefu, ad yesgunfu, imi d netta i yettcehhiden s tadla taneggarut deg yigran ideg kkren yirden. « Tiziri », xas d tingas i tt-yezzuznen di tadist n yemma-s, tefka amḍiq i ṛebea (ukuẓ) n tsemhay (les 4 saisons) imi teẓra tasmuḍi tettlal-d ticki ulac lḥammu, lkerh anda ulac leḥmala… D talalit ara yilin d lfal.
Teggul tafrara ad tesbedd akud imi iḍ yebɣa « Tiziri » ad teqqim d takna i tillas timḍellas ideg i tt-yettel. Akud imcennef yebɣa kan tikli, yebɣa tazzla; yenwa ɣer taggara, ad ifak ad ieeddi… akken kan ad yeddu d tuzzya n tessirt ideg tettruḥ tudert d safel ; d asfel n kra ur yebɣin addud di trewla n zzman, d iḍuman yejmaeay ufwad ideg ɣzan tasraft i ndama. Acu kan tafrara tettnasab iziren n tafat : d nutni i yettsellimen fell-as akken ad d-tsukk afus-is ɣef kra yellan d tudert… ɣef waya i tebɣa ad d-tessenser « Tiziri » si tuccar n tugdi, si snasel n ddel yebɣa yiḍ i kra yellan d tafat ; d tafrara i irefden « Tiziri » akken ad as-texdem amḍiq gar wayen ur ssawaḍent ara tuccar n kra yellan d ddɣel…
« Tiziri » tlul-d i tafat, i taḍṣa, i uwanes ; tlul-d akken ad teğğuğğeg, ad tennarni, ad tezhu, ad temɣi deg wallen n widen i yessnen d acu i d leḥmala, d acu i d tayri ; « Tiziri » tlul-d akken ad aɣ-d-tini ifuk zzman n kennu, zzman n tiden i teddun kan d aḍref di tudert-nsent…
« Tiziri » tewweḍ d tameṭṭut uqbel ad tissin d acu i wumi qqaren tudert : tebda-d amennuɣ anda akken sgunfuyen yimɣan di « laman d ṭṭman », anda akken yal tudert tessaram cwiṭ n talwit… Di tadist n tyemmat ; syinna i d-tebda amennuɣ imi s yijenwiyen qeṭṭieen i muggren udem n talwit i d-tewwi i ddunit, tinna akken i ikesben tigzi ur yettaf umusnaw deg yidlisen yeqqar…
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« Tiziri » d tinna ɣef undint lemkaḥel imi d-tlul i d tameṭṭut i d-yewwin yid-s izen n tlelli, afud di tikli-s ; teezzem-d ad tesseɣres ayen yettcuddun ɣer rrebg n tiktiwin yebɣan tinegnit i useklu yessudunen tafat deg tnerni-s . « Tiziri » d temeṭṭut i wumi i d-ssan taḥṣirt yisennanen, degren-tt ad tesserwet annar n lqern s tqejjirin yegrurzen, akken ccbaḥa-ines ad truḥ d asfel ɣef teblaḍt n nnif d tieuggent s i bedden yirgazen n tmetti taqbaylit. « Tiziri » d tinna i wumi bɣan ad gezmen afriwen imi tebɣa abeḥri n tmeddit i tfekka-s yessudunen talwit, imi nettat, tebɣa tagelda-s gar yitran yettwanasen uḍan, anda akken tafat tessa am udfel ɣef ssqef n ddunit. « Tiziri », d tamacahut n tinna yebɣan kan ad tidir akken imeqqi lwerd deg tebḥirt xas tguni-tt tqabact, akken tessusiy tzizwit ul n tjeğğigt, ad tserreḥ i tfenda (laeṭer-is) ad teddu d tselbi n tefsut akken tizizwa ad t-agment seg-sen… « Tiziri », d asefru i d-yesmektayen i tmetti n yirgazen dderz i izedɣen leewayed yeččuren d tiyersiwin, timetti yesbedden akud imi qqimen kan di zzman asmi ttamnen belli d ayaẓiḍ i d-yeskarayen iṭij. « Tiziri » tezzi aerur i ugraw yezḍan d tiyersiwen, anda akken irgazen ieaben deg wallaɣ snulfan-d Rebbi i ten-yecban akken ad t-gren di lqefṣ n tugdi-nsen, ad tuɣal d takna-nsen, d taqeddact, d taklit… « Tiziri » d taftilt ur nxetti xas yeqwa fell-as wawal n nnif, imi nettat di laeli i d-tettagem timest swayes i tessaɣay tiftilin n wul-is.
« Tiziri» am yal taqcit taqbaylit : tlul-d ɣef ujenwi qeṭṭieen, winna akken yeḥfan s lehdur n medden, winna akken yehban imi ttazun yes-s yal iferriw ara yewten i waffug. « Tiziri » tlul-d ɣef ujenwi n tinzert n lmal agugam i imesden ɣef teblaḍt n tugdi n yal yiwen yeqqaren « Ad aɣ-yeğğ Ṛebbi am medden : ur d-nettekk sennig-sen, ur d-nettekk seddaw-nsen ». Yal yiwen ad yili d ulac di tmetti n widen yesean allen ɣer tmecṭaḥ : ɣer wayen telsa teqcict, ma wezzil neɣ ɣezzif, ma tserraḥ i uceččuy-is neɣ texdem-as aqerdun, ma elay ṣṣut-is neɣ slemden-as tuṣra… Tuṣra… ? Tuṣra neɣ ddel ? « Tiziri » d tamsirt n tebɣest imi tabɣest mačči d tugdi i as-ulac deg-s; tabɣest d tinna yebɣan ad teddu ɣer sdat xas ma tugdi tjebbed s imurar ɣer deffir.
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D acu n ddnub i tewwi tafat mi yebɣa umdan ad tt-iger di lekfen n ujelbab ara yeṣren laeyub-is ? Kra qqaren d ddin, kra d leewayed, kra d nnif… I « Tiziri », acu i tenna ? Acu i tebɣa ? acu i d-tmenna ? Teslam i tsusmi i teẓẓam deg tfekka-s almi yeğğuğeg yidmim ɣef yiẓri-s, winna akken tesseswem s waman i d-tukrem i tagut taberkant, tinna akken i d-yurwen rrebrab yenɣan acḥal d tilemẓit yugin ddel, tinna iɣunzan taẓayt n tmetti i iteddun timendeffirt ? I « Tiziri », yella win i tt-yeccawren ma tebɣa taksumt-is ad as-yeslufu waḍu, ad teddu d tislit i tselbi ? D acu ara as-id-yexdem Rebbi i d-snulfan yimdanen nettat yettidiren ɣef yinzizen n tugdi-nsen i yetturaren tizlit n leɣder, asefru n lmut di tmeqbert anda eelqent temrarin ieecqen timegraḍ, abeeda tiden n tlawin. I « Tiziri yessaramen tudert, yal asuref tegguni-t lmut ? Ula di tirga-ines, mi d-feefeen yieudiwen, tettwali fell-asen at laxert s yigelzyam yeqqazen iẓekwan… Acu n tebɣest i kem-yettawin ɣer sdat a « Tiziri » kemm i wumi qqazen iẓekwan ula deg wallaɣ-inem i d-yettarwen tirga ?
« Tiziri » d tinna i wumi bɣan ad kksen taqendurt n Llebayel, teqqel d taberranit di tmurt anda Aerab yerra d ayla-s ayen yuker – s yidim – baba-s akked jeddi-s ; « Tiziri » d tinna i wumi bɣan ad as-ssersen ajellab n ddel, lḥijab ur yetteṣren ula d aferfur n tinna i tt-id-yurwen d aḥḍiḍ. Mačči d ddin i tugi, mačči d tuffɣa n leeqel, d acu kan ulac win yessawḍen di tmusni-s akken ad as-yemmel amek ara teddu s tikli i bɣan wiyiḍ. I wiyiḍ, d acu i ten-id-yettdeggiren ɣer sdat : d liman dɣa d ṣṣaḥ ? ayɣer ihi qwant tedyanin ula d Rebbi yettsetḥi yis-sent ? D nnif d lḥerma ? D acu teswiḍ a nnif ma tettidir di ddel teqcict i wumi tgezmem awal, yura-d wul-is d wudem-is mi as-tekksem afriwen akken ur tettinig akin i yiman-is ? D tugdi ? ayɣer i tebɣam ihi yal yiwen ad yekcem deg yifri-nwen, ad teglum s « Tiziri » xas ma nettat tezmer i kra yellan d taẓayt, ula d adrar ma yeɣlid ad as-teiwed lebni imi tumen s kra yellan deg-s d tameṭṭut , … Akken tezmer ad d-tefk tudert seg cwiṭ i tezmer ad tesbedd taddart. Yak d lfal ma yella yal yiwen yewwi nnṣib-is ? Ayɣer ihi i as-tugim taḍṣa, ayɣer i as-tebɣam tebrek, ddel, tasusmi… Mačči d tilawin i yesbeddayen ixammen, timettiyin…? Imezdaɣ n tudrin n Japon qqaren : « Di taddart ideg beddent temsal, ğğuğğugen ula d igersal, d tilawin i d-yerran fell-as azal. Tilawin iferḥen, xeddment tudrin ifazen »
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Acu n ddnub yewwi wul imi d-yemmuger adɣaɣ imesden, winna yetturaren s yiḥulfan, akken ad t-yerr gar yiɣuraf i wurar… almi tesreɣ taqcict iman-is ɣef teblaḍt n limin. « Tiziri » d tanubit yettamnen s leḥmala imi iles yettmeslay srid i wul, allaɣ ur yesei ara tikwal amḍiq gar-asen. Xas yesea ṣṣwab, d acu kan yettazem-it wul, yeqqar-as : « tigi d timsal n leḥmala, d tiden yeenan ul d wallen. » Xas yeẓra wallaɣ belli yetturar winna i wumi i tga tagelda di ṣṣura-s, xas yettsuɣu s leğwareḥ akk n tfekka, acu kan kulci yeeẓeg di teqcict imi d tayri i iḥekkmen, d leḥmala i icaelen tiftilin…. Almi …. « Di laman i d-yekka lxuf », i as-yenna Si Muḥend u Mḥend. Mi ara d-yenṭaq wul, mi ara yeggal s limin ur iḥennet, xas ma yehwa-yas ad d-yenṭaq lmektub, taqcict ma yugi-k wul-is, ur ak-d-ixeddem ccḍeḥ s yiḍebbalen, ur tt-ssedhayent tmucuha n lekdeb i tennumeḍ tettawiḍ-asent-id… imi s yiles-ik i tesserɣeḍ amrar swayes i k-id-ijebbed ɣur-s wul-nni yedduqqusen s yimeṭṭi i d-yettarew yixf-is. Akken i as-yenna Bertolt Brecht : « Mi ara yeqqreṣ umrar, nezmer ad as-nexdem tiyersi, acu kan amrar dayen yeqqreṣ. Sser n temsal iruḥ, ur d-yettuɣal imi dayen sellaw sser i t-yesdukklen ! »
« Tiziri » d tinna i yugin tafekka-s ad tili kan i wusu, i usuden n tcenfirin n urgaz yeffeɣ wul, winna ur yessinen ara ad yesseḥmu s wallen n tmeṭṭut i yessaɣayen tiftilin n usirem ; « Tiziri » tugi ad tuɣal d takna i tayeḍ, tameṭṭut-nni yettasmen s rrebeḥ n tiyiḍ, tinna yebɣan ad as-teiwed abrid i wasif n rrbeḥ, tinna yeqqlen d ṭikkuk (ur eniɣ axxam ideg ssawleɣ), winna yessexraben leecuc n yifrax-nniḍen ; « Tiziri, d taqcict yebɣan ad yeğğuğğeg wul-is ɣer tama n urgaz yesean addud, ad tennerni, d ilemẓi yesean tidet, ad tesber ɣef winna yesean awal,… xas ma tura yeffeɣ sser akk ayen i d-yezzin tudert.
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« Tiziri » d adrar n lebɣi di tmurt anda widen ieaben bɣan ad tuɣal d tawdect, d adɣaɣ i tɣimit : ulac leqraya, imi d argaz kan i ikesben tamusni ; ulac tuffɣa imi amḍiq-is d takuzint, di lexla, di tebḥirt… Tafekka-s ttalasen akk medden deg-s, ama d gma-s, ama d baba-s, ula d argaz-nni d wi txeddem, mi yeɣfel Rebbi, ad yebɣu ad as-icemmer, ad as-ieiwed i lmektub-is. « Tiziri » tugi ad tuɣal d adebdar i winna yebɣan kan zzhu mebla ma yedla ɣef wayen yeğğuğğugen daxel n wul, tugi ad teldi tawwurt i kra win yettwalin tameṭṭut d taɣawsa ara yakseb s ṭṭmee d uɣunzu ; « Tiziri » d tinna i d-yesmektayen i yal argaz yeffeɣ sser, ayen yellan gar yiḍarren-ines yiwen ur yettalas deg-s, ala nettat i yesean tasarut-is. Ma yugi wul d wallaɣ, fiḥel ad d-tqerṣeḍ s lemdafee, neɣ ad tcelxeḍ iḍarren… tinna mačči d leḥmala, mačči d tazmert, mačči d tirrugza. Winna d ddree, d aḥwaṣ.. s tefransit « c’est un viol ! »
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« Tiziri » tessenday itran, seg tafat-nsen tekkes-d tawaract n taḍṣa tettawi deg wul-is : akken yebɣu lexdee yekkat tiṣmirin, ilsawen gezzren s teɣzi, s tehri, akken yebɣu unezgum (leḥzen) yeẓẓad iɣuraf n nndama, imi tuccar n ccek nettunt deg urwiḥ… Akken yebɣu lebɣi yettɣullu-t zzher, ur yessawaḍ waḍu ad yessens taftilt tettawi tmeṭṭut deg ufwad-is imi teẓra d nettat i d-yurwen tilelli.
Ihi, Temeṭṭut di tmetti n wudayen (ixeddaeen) mačči d tinna kan ara ay eebbin, ad tbab ddel, ad tuɣal d tadist i dderya d tsuta ara d-yekkren, mačči d tinna ara yuɣalen d tacmat i kra n win ur yesein ara leqder deg yiman-is. Tameṭṭut mačči d tinna ara ieelqen kan ɣer uṣurdi n urgaz-is, ad tessutur leenaya i winna ara tt-yekkaten s ufus ayeffus, ad tesseččay s ufus azelmaḍ… Ifuk zzman n Ccix Muḥand i yeqqaren : « Teclax tseṭṭa ɣef wayen turew. » Tameṭṭut – ass-a d tin yeɣran, tessen, teḥrec, tefhem, teẓwer ; tameṭṭut n wass-a d tin yeẓran d acu i d ddunit, tezmer i yiman-is, i tudert-is, d tin ara iseknen iberdan ula i yirgazen ; tameṭṭut tettalas di tfekkas, mačči nwen ay irgazen, mačči n tmetti n lbaṭel,… ines, weḥd-s, ad as-texdem akken i as-yehwa, mačči akken i awen-yehwa kunwi a lqum i iteddun timendeffirt… Tameṭṭut am « Tiziri » ad tebrek ɣef tmest akken ad tidirem, imi deg-s amnar deg-s tawwurt, deg-s tilelli deg-s tudert.
S teɣzi n leemer i yal yiwet i ileqqmen tilelli.
Hace Mess, ass n 26/08/2022


text:
rrunkesVB [rrunkes]
être difficile, grave; être scabreux
Flexions rrunkesittrunkusen rruneksemt terrunkes rruneksent ttrunkusemt tettrunkus ttrunkusent rrunkes yerrunkes terruneksemt ttrunkus yettrunkus tettrunkusemt rrunekseɣ nerrunkes yerruneksen ttrunkuseɣ nettrunkus yettrunkusen rrunekset irrunkes rruneksen ttrunkuset ittrunkus ttrunkusen terrunekseḍ terruneksem irruneksen tettrunkuseḍ tettrunkusem
Sources rrunkes
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982


text:
Hänsel d Gretel
Hansel d Gretel, neɣ s tutlayt talmanit Hänsel und Gretel d wiyet n tmacahutt mucaɛen si tmurt n Lalman (Jirmani), id yeffɣen deg 1812 sɣur imyura : Wilhelm Grimm d gma-s Jacob Grimm.
Hansel d Gretel d yiwet n tmacahutt imucaɛn aṭas ger yakk t i yuran watmaten Grimm. Teffeɣ-d di Fransa deg 1985 ar tizrigin 'Michel Albin', teḥka-tt-id 'Sarah Hayes' s tugniwin n 'Colin Hadley'.
Amyaru d umedyaz Essaid At Maamar yessuqel-d u yemsas-d (adapter) tamacahutt agi ar tutlayt taqbaylit. Isem-awen n Hänsel akw d Gretel, yerra-ten s teqbaylit: Ḥmiṭuc d Duduc. Attan amek i tella temsast n tmacahutt agi ar taqbaylit. Atan wedris amek i yella (sɣur imyura.net): Ḥmiṭuc d Duduc
Taḥkayt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Hansel d Gretel, s tewzel, wigi d sin watmaten, aqcic Hansel s weltma-s Gretel, d arraw n yiwen umzenzu n tesfaḍ, sbeɛden seg wexxam i wakken ad qelben af yiwen ugummu di tisgi. Yufa-d lḥal d iḍ, dɣa ṭsen armi s tufat (taṣebḥit), zdat n yiwet n tiɣremt (château) iččur d cakulat d yal tawsit (genre) n tiziḍanin. Lameɛna ur ẓran ara belli d yiwet n temhergit (taseḥḥart : sorcière) i izedɣen din, isem-is 'Massepain'. Hansel i ttwaṭef d ameḥbus, ma d Gretel tenna-yas d temhergit ad sewǧed i usewwi, dɣa Gretel teḍqer-is ar timest, u tesefɣ-ed gma-s d yal aqcic i yellan di takurmut (prison).


text:
I lmend n usmekti n tmenɣiwt n unazbay Maɛtub lwennas, aṭas n tejmilin i d as-yuɣalen di yal tiɣmert, ama dagi di tmurt ama di tmura n lberrani acku Maɛtub mačči d menwala. Gar tejmilin-agi, tella-d yiwet n tmezgunt ass-nni n, 26/06/2021, sɣur tiddukkla tadelsant Tirẓa ireẓnen iwumi semman “Tamanigt n tmagit”. Yeḍra-d waya deg uxxam n umezgun Kateb Yacine n Tizi Uzzu.
Ma ɣef uḍris n tmezgunt, tenna-d tin i t-yuran, Lynda Hantour:’’ D yiwen n uḍris i uriɣ d tajmilt i Maɛtub lwennas d wid akk yeɣlin ɣef tmagit, ɣef wid akk i mazal la qeddcen fell-as. Nessenṭeq-d deg-s Tahar Djaout akked Mouloud Mammeri. Nessenṭeq-d deg-s Saɛid amnadi, d tajmilt i Saɛid Cemmax d wid akk mazal la xeddmen ar ass-a. Akken daɣen i d- nessenṭaq deg-s yelli-s Nabila d tajmilt n Nabila Ǧaḥnin. Nerra daɣen tajmilt i Bessaɛud Muḥend Aɛrab, Smaɛil Bellac. Di tmezgunt-a, yella Kossayla ara yeffɣen akked baba-s d jeddi-s ɣer lexla i wakken ad as d-cnun tizlatin n Maɛtub akken ad yelmed tutlayt, ccna akked tmeɣnest ɣef tmagit. Syin akkin, kosayla ad yimɣur, baba-s d jeddi-s ad awḍen leɛfu n Rebbi. Ticki icedha-ten, ad iruḥ ɣer uẓekka n lwennas imi baba-s ur yesɛi ara aẓekka. Syin akkin ad d-yenṭeq uẓekka n lwennas. Di taggara n tmezgunt, ad yili yizen’’.
Txedmed tamezgunt-a yakan deg 2018 ?
Lynda Hantour: Ih xedmeɣ-tt yakan. Nurar-itt- id sin n yiberdan di Tizi Uzzu, yiwen ubrid deg Bgayet. Tura, ɛawdeɣ-as sɣezfeɣ-as aḍris, rniɣ-d iwudam. Amedya, deg useggas n 2018 ulac adiwenni gar Djaout akked Mammeri, tura rniɣ-t id, akken daɣen i d-rniɣ Saɛid amnadi akked yelli-s Nabila, rniɣ-as yiwet n tezlit tamḥaddit.
Yella kra i tettheggi ama deg umezgun neɣ di tira n ungalen ?
Aql-in sewjadeɣ ad d-yeffeɣ “Tamanigt n tmagit” d aḍris i tddukkliwin tidelsanin i yebɣan ad xeddment tacquft-agi , axaṭer d yiwet n tejmilt i lwennas d wid akk i ixedmen ɣef tmagit. Ihi, ilaq ad asent-uɣal tejmilt di yal amḍiq, syin akkin ad t-id-xedmeɣ d asaru akken ad walin asuffeɣ amek i yettwaxdem , akken daɣen ad jemmleɣ akk tizlatin i nexdem deg tmezgunt-a deg yiwen n uḍebsi, akken kan ad nessifsus leqdic i tddukkliwin, acku axeddim deg umezgun yeḥwaǧ tadrimt, iɣallen akked waṭas n wafud. Ɣef wanect-agi i bɣiɣ ad d-yeffeɣ akka , akken ad sneqseɣ ciṭ ɣef wid yebɣan ad xedmen tamezgunt-a’’. Am awkken nesteqsa Mass SAdoukiI Abdessamed, netta i ixedmen takurigrafit n tmezgunt, a-t-an d acu i d-yenna : “Tamezgunt, temmeslay-d ɣef tmagit tamaziɣt. Iwudam i d-yellan deg-s xeddmen ɣef tmaziɣt ladɣa s yimru. Ilaq ass-a nekni ad nḥader ɣef tmagit-nneɣ, ladɣa tasuta-agi i d-ileḥḥun, ilaq ad asen-nemmeslay, ad asen-neselmed aḍris. Nekk, d tidet ur fehmeɣ ara aṭas taqbaylit, maca fehmeɣ d akken Massa Hantour texṭar akken iwata imeslayen i uḍris i wakken ad wayeḍ yizen-is. Ussa-nni mi nettheggi tamezgunt, tesseḥres aṭas ɣef yimeslayen ara sxedmen, d ayen yelhan, acku s wanect-agi ara teqqim tmeslayt, ara nesseḥbiber fell-as’’.
G.M. Aṭas n yilmeẓyen i yerran ddehn-nsen, iseggasen-agi ineggura, ɣer tmezgunin, yal mi ara d-tili yiwet, nettaf tazeqqa n Uxxam n umezgun Kateb Yacine, teččur.
Yamani Souhila


text:
Aɣelnaw (iɣelnawen), national (fr) - national (en) - nacional (es) - وطني
Tasertit taɣelnawt, politique nationale - política nacional - سياسة وطنية
Addad amaruz: uɣelnaw (yiɣelnawen).
Ẓer daɣ: agraɣlan, agtaɣlan, aɣelnaẓri, aɣlan, asseɣlen, sseɣlen, taɣelnaẓri, taɣlent, ttwasseɣlen.
Aɣbalu: Amawal n Tmaziɣt Tatrart - Lexique du berbère moderne (Tiddukla Aẓar, Bgayet 1990).
Aql-iken deg - Vous êtes dans - Ustedes están en - أنتم في
Amawal n Tmaziɣt - Dictionnaire Amazigh - Français - Diccionario Amazigh - Español - قاموس أمازيغي - عربي
(c) Omar Mouffok - Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen.


text:
Isiwan
Isiwan (taɛrabt : واحة سيوة Wāḥat Sīwah) d yiwen wemda di tmurt n Miẓra i imezdaɣen-is d imaziɣen yettmeslayen s Tasiwit.
Tarakalt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Isiwan zgan-d deg wetrim (umalu) n tmurt n Maṣer, teqrib tilisa af Libya yerna teggug (tebɛed) azal n 560 km seg Taqahirt. D amda i-d yezgan deg ugafa akkw di Maṣer di tidikelt n Qeṭṭara. Deg ugafa, ar 300 km, illa usagen n Merṣa Maṭruḥ af yiri n Yilel Agrakal.
Amezruy[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Imaziɣen n Isiwan zedɣen-t si zikenni deg teglest. Dinna llan ifakanen (temples) n Wammun.


text:
Aluḍ (aluḍen), [NM][LM][ṬB][ZW] boue (fr) - mud (en) - barro, lodo (es) - طين
Agdawal: abaryuḍ, abeǧǧaɛ, abellaɛ, aberḍiḍ, aberyuḍ, abluẓ, belciqa, ideqqi, luḍ, taɣwi.
Addad amaruz: waluḍ (waluḍen).
Ẓer daɣ: aleqqa, aleqqaq, alewwaɣ, alexxax, allaɣ, allaɣan, allejlej, alwawaḍ, alwiweḍ, amelɣiɣ, amleɣway, amleɣwi, argagay, aselɣaɣ, aslaɣ, assemleɣwi, assewliwel, assilqeq, assilweɣ, awliwel, axlul, azuliɣ, ḥluli, ileggi, ilqiq, ilwiɣ, imsilqeq, imsilweɣ, ireẓwi, llejlej, luɣ, mleɣwi, msewliwel, rgigi, sleɣ, sluɣ, sseḥluli, ssemleɣwi, ssergigi, ssewliwel, ssilqeq, ssilweɣ, talaɣt, taleqqa, talɣaɣt, tareẓwit, tawliwla, telqeq, telweɣ, telxex, tileggit, tileqqi, tilɣet, tirgigit, ttwasleɣ, ttwasluɣ, ttwassewliwel, ttwassilqeq, ttwassilweɣ, wliwel.
Imedyaten:
Iban kan ɣef waya ay yedda deg waluḍ-nni - C'est sûrement pour cette raison qu'il a marché dans cette boue - -
Yenṭeḍ-d waluḍ deg yerkasen-inu - La boue s'est collée à mes chaussures - Tengo barro pegado a los zapatos - لصق الطين بحذائي
Aql-iken deg - Vous êtes dans - Ustedes están en - أنتم في
Asegzawal n Tmaziɣt - Dictionnaire Amazigh - Français - Diccionario Amazigh - Español - قاموس أمازيغي - عربي
(c) Omar Mouffok - Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen.


text:
Arrwina tzemmer ad tili deg uxxam-nnek. Mamek tzemmer ad tili di tudert-nnek. Arrwina tzemmer ad tili d aṭṭas nni n ixarrissen i ɣer-k deg uzellif.
Deg ij n ddunit tarewwen. Wer tzemmred ad tesned min cek ittrajan. Lehwayej d imxumbal ttewqiɛen melmi mma, d mani mma. Ddeg-nni ittewqiɛ mɛayna, ijjen wer izemmer ad yessen mani yeggur ccɣel, niɣ ad yessen min dd-yugguren.
Maca Arrwina ɣer-s ij n uceddi imten aked ufizik d tusna n uklima. Iqqen ɣer mamek di ca n isistimen wer tzemmered a x-asen testeḥekmed. Cnaw di tusna n lḥar ujenna.
Imussnawen qqaren illa Arrwina d later ameqran n lehwayej timezyanin, i ittejjan later-nni wer ittwassan min ɣa yeg awerni ij n lweqt. Waxa nessen lehwayej-nni min tteggent awerni ij n lweqt d tamezyant. Di tudert-nneɣ lebda laterat-nni wer x-asen nḥesseb. Maca can imuren, amsedfar-nni n lehwayej-nni timezyanin d weni i daneɣ-dd-ittsaqaran arwina.
Arrwina d Mɛayna?
Imussnawen n isistimen i yemxumblen txarrsen aṭṭas deg umi qqaren „mɛayna“?. Minzi i yemsebda ufus n Arrami x lḥar ujenna? Mayemi wer tzemmared ad tesned min dd- ɣa-yassen deg ujarri n lɛitet. Maca nzemmer a nessen ma ad tili tafukt tiwecca niɣ lla. Waxxa ameni wer nzemmer a nessen ma ad tili simana id yusin.
Remɛaynet axmi ttegged qara-qulu. Axmi ittḥerced ladru ttɛeyyned x 5 deg upatci. Cnaw xmi trajid ad teffeɣ tamcunt ni n grat barra. Wer ttessned min id ɣa yassen, niɣ melmi. Maca Arrwina s min qqaren imussnawen aqqet jar min yellan mɛayna (min yellan we nzemmer a t-nraja) d min umi nzemmer a neg leḥsab (min nzemmer a nraja).
Taṭiyyurit n arwina
Fizik ɣer isḥaq Newton d ijen tjammiɛt n izerfan iḥekkmen ddunit. Izerfan-a aqqa-yen meḥsubin s ijen lehsab ij wer ɣer-s yiwed. Ɣir ad bdan izerfan-nni lxedmet nsent. Nzemmer a nessen min i ɣa-yemsaren. Men kul ha mani ɣer yili, d mani ɣer yili. A naf marra min tuɣa nettraja d min umi ttuɣa negga leḥsab. Maca Theory n arwina teqqar illa waxxa din asistim i tt-yessuyaran meḥsub. Izemmer a daneɣ-yessiwed ɣer arwina. Cḥal mma tuɣa-t iseggem.
Tussna-ya d tenni i yejjin app n Weather [immalen lḥal n ujenna] wer izemmer a dac yini ma deg-s anzar niɣ tafukt simana idyussin. D tenni i yejjin a nessen lehwayej niɣ isistimen i yellan nzemmer a dasen-negg leḥsab d inni yellan wer nzemmer, d tenni i yejjin imussnawen wer ḍḍiyiɛen lweqt ik min wer ɣer yelli lmeɛna.


text:
Yamen
Yamen neɣ Tagduda n Yamen (Taɛrabt : Al-Jumhuriyah al-Yamaniyah, ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮﺭﯾّﺔ اليمنية), d tamurt taɛrabt i d-yezgan af yixef deg wenẓul-ataram n Taɛraba (Arabie), tamanaɣt-is d Ṣenɛa. Ɣur-s tiftisin akked Ugaraw Ahendi d Yilel Azeggaɣ. Yamen yebḍa tilisa-nes d Tagelda Tasaɛudit deg ugafa d Ɛuman deg wegmuḍ, tesɛa tajumma taɣrudt n 527 970 km².
Zik-nni, Yamen yettwassen ddaw isem n Taɛraba Tumart (Arabie Heureuse), Yamen n wass-a yillul-d deg useggas n 1990 sakkin tadukli n Tegduda Tagdudant d Taɣerfant n Yamen (Yamen n Wenẓul) d Tegduda Taɛrabt n Yamen (Yamen n Ugafa).