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Ittwagg ijjen wemsagar n ufurmasyu i yiselmaden n Tmaziɣt deg wussan n 08, 09 d 10 zi Cutenbir i yeɛdan di tendint n Nnaḍur. Amsagar-a tessugur-it Prof. Dr. Mena B. Lafkioui i yellan d taselmadt d tmarezzut di EHESS (tinmel n tɣuriwin i yuɛlan n tussniwin tinamunin) di Paris, mamec i ɣer-s ijjen lkursi ikmel n tesnilest n Tmaziɣt di EHESS, ɛawed, nettat d Tamɣart n trezzut di CNRS (ammas anamur n trezzut tamassant).
Amsagar-a ḥeḍren day-s iselmaden i yessɣaran iles n Tmaziɣt di Ddriwec, Nnaḍur d Berkan, mani ttuɣa din ijjen ufurmasyu i yekkin tlata n wussan, tbedd day-s tselmadt Prof. Dr. Mena B. Lafkioui ɣer waṭṭas n wudmawen n tɣuriwin n tmaziɣt (amazighologie).
Ass amezwaru d asijji x lḥal n Tmaziɣt di Tmazɣa
Ass amezwaru ila yella s tutlayt Tafransist d Tmaziɣt mani tessreɣ tifawin x waṭṭas n yiseqsiten i yeqqnen ɣer Tmaziɣt, zzay-sen aseqsi n usekkil d wudmawen n Tfinaɣ i ttuɣa yellan di Tmazɣa d leɛwayed n tira ɣer wagdud Atwargi.
Bla ma ad tetteu ad tessken ɣer wemxumbel n usemsasa (aménagement) n yilsawen min ɣa-yella leɛwayed n tmiwant (oralité), mamec tenna deg wawal-nnes ila umi timura n Tmazɣa ixḍarent ad tili taɛrabt weḥḥed-s d iles n tmersal, manaya yessizel zeg usɛarreb anesmersel (l’arabisation institutionnelle), min yejjin Tmaziɣt tebda teddekk°al ɣer deffer, d aya i dd-ittbanen di nnumru n yewdan i zzag-s issawalen ig ittraḥen ittekmummuc. Maca, maḥend ad bedden yewdan zzat i manaya, twekked ila ixess Imaziɣen ad ssmeɣren zi tnettit-nnsen d min ɣer-s iqqnen d tussna d leɛwayed, ad ssemɣaren ula zeg yiles-nnsen.
Terni tessiwel deg wawal-nnes xef ugetiles (mutlilinguisme) di Tmazɣa taqdimt d tɣuni ismunen Tmaziɣt aked waṭṭas n yelsawen i yellan munen di twacunt-nnes ula kṭer deg uɣezdis afrikan am Hawsa, Tatcadit, Tamsirit taqdimt… Tenna ila am ddegg-a n yelsawen qqnen bezzaf ɣer Tmaziɣt, mamec tessken ila zzag-sen nzemmer a nessen xirebbi n tmeslayin x yiles-nneɣ.
Taɣimit tis snat zeg wemsagar n wass amezwaru isiɣa xef tmeslayin i yeqqnen ɣer usettef n wanawen n Tmaziɣt, d wemxumbel i di weṭṭan imerzzuten maḥend ad ssnen mliḥ mecḥal min xef tettemsebḍa Tmaziɣt, mamec tessreɣ tifawin ɣer min iqqnen ɣer tjyusnilest d wemsawaḍ n tmaziɣt aked yelsawen-nneḍni.
Aked manaya, tbedd ɣer ca n tmeslayin i zi tettwassen Tmaziɣt am waddad amaruz (état d’annexion) i yellan d ijjen ḥajet nesferraz zzag-s iles-nneɣ.
Taɣimit tis snat d asefsi i wudmawen n tjerrumt n Tmaziɣt
Ass wis tnayen ila yella d asiɣi x min ittwaggen deg wass amezwaru mani tessiwel dag-s massa Mena B. Lafkioui x ca n tneqqiḍin min ɣa-yella ijjen lhimmet d tameqqrant, ad zzag-sent neydar tanmegla i yellan jar tutlayt d tentala, mamec tessiwel x wemxumbel n wexḍar n usekkil d man-tt nnfeɛ d inabawen n kul marka n usekkil zi tlata n isekkilen i zi ttuɣa ttarin Tmaziɣt, amux tbedd ɣer kul ijjen zzag-sen d isebdaden-nnes, maḥend ad tesseplika mayemmi ittwaxḍar usekkil-a niɣ wenniḍen.
Ɛawed, tegga tizemmar ḥuma ad tessiwel x wawalen imaynuten i dd-ttsaqaren di Tmaziɣt d yemxumbal i ɣer-sen iqqnen aked ijjen tmesalyt-nniḍen illa imerzzuten ɛad wer das-rrin bu taynit s waṭṭas nettat d tɣawsa n usenmarra (orthographe) di Tmaziɣt.
Zeg ijjen uɣezdis-nniḍen, teṭṭef awal s waṭṭas n usefsay x tmeslayin i yeqqnen ɣer tjerrumt n Tmaziɣt, ameknaw aseqsi n warusmid di Tmaziɣt d markat n twafuɣt (dérivation) di Tmaziɣt, d ca n tmeslayin-nneḍni i yeqqnen ɣer usantakes d yimxumbal n usmsasa n usistim n yimeqqimen di Tmaziɣt.
Amherwaḍ x tɣuri n yeḍrisen s Tmaziɣt deg wass ameggaru
Ass wis tlata ila yella d akemmel x ddegg-a n yemxumbal d tmukrisin n tjerrumt, d mamec nzemmer a nessxdem amsebḍi n wawal deg uselmed n Tmaziɣt, maḥend imeḥḍaren ad ɣer-sen tili ijjen tussna tulleɣ x wawal issnen zi tyemmatin-nnsen, s uyenni ittwagg ijjen unhezzi yeqqen ɣer wermas d wefham n ijjen weḍris (texte) n uselmed jar iselmaden d tselmadin ittwari s tnayen n isekkilen, tifinaɣ d ulatin, x-as i yuqeɛ usefsi zi teɣmart n uzemmem-nnes (notation) mani massa Mena B. Lafkioui tessreɣ aṭṭas n tfawin x lhimmet i tkessi tmiwant (oralité) di mayen yellan d adidaktiki, maḥend ad x-as bedden iselmaden n tmaziɣt i ɣa-isslemden iles-a i imeḥḍaren d tmeḥḍarin, bla ma ad tettu amherwaḍ x tebridin n usselmed d tɣuri d iseqsiten n tjerrumt.
Tlata-nni n wussan i tegga massa Mena, ttuɣa-ten ccuren s tussna, tessers-dd dag-sen aṭṭas n iseqsiten d imukrisen i yeqqnen ɣer Tmaziɣt, tira-nnes d umezruy-nnes.
Tmaziɣt di temzyida n tɣuri tameɣrabit: Ar mani?
Teffeɣ massa Mena B. Lafkioui s waṭṭas n ixarrisen x uswir n uselmed di tmurt, mani tenna deg ijjen wawal-nnes x facebook (xzer s nnej) “d ijjen ttaḥeddi d ameqqran (zeɛma amelqi-nni), minzi timessdwal n yiselmaden wer munent, ttejriba-ya temmal belli asistim n uselmed di Lmuɣrib yefcel, ula kṭer di min t-iqqnen aked Tmaziɣt, manaya wer dd-ittbin ca di tzemmar n yiselmaden waha, maca ijjen wezgen d ameqqran zzag-sen wer ten-tecqi tamaziɣt.”
Awal i tenna massa Mena B. Lafkioui yessaru-dd xirebbi n wawal jar ikadimiyen d yenni itterran taynit i uselmed n Tmaziɣt, mani tsuna anina n lxaṭar x wemkan i ɣer-s ɣer Tmaziɣt deg uselmed. Min ittejjan lḥal-nnes ittraḥ itteqsiḥ kṭer ukṭer, mani isuyam-nnes n yewdan wer ɣer-sen bu ca n ufurmasyu i yellan mseqqem, d aya i ɣa-yejjen amnus ad yili ɣer yewdan ittnhezzan, ad lhan kṭer ukṭer aked ddusi-ya yemxumblen, minzi nessen anict aselmed ittirar ijjen ddawer d ameqqran di tnukkra n yelsawen.
Ixarriqen d userwet berra i wannar
Deg wass n 25 n Cutenbir, ifser-dd asit n ariffino.net ijjen uneqqis x wussan-nni ikadimiyen i di tewca Prof. Dr. Mena B. Lafkioui awal-nnes x Tmaziɣt i yiselmaden, aneqqis-a ixes ad isselseq ca n tmeslayin ɣer tselmadt Mena i wer illin bu d tidett, mani i dd-iydar ila ttuɣa dinni ijjen nnekwet n Lmuɣrib tqess zzag-s ṣṣeḥra. Lerifain ila yeḥḍer ula d netta deg ufurmasyu-ya akadimi mani yeẓra ila nnkawi i ttuɣa tegga tselmadt Mena wer llint mɣar n mani llan Imaziɣen di Tmazɣa ɛad qqimen ssawalen day-s Tmaziɣt. Ittsemma s ijjen wawal-nniḍen; d nnkawi n yiles, wer qqinen qqae ɣer mayen yellan d aseyasi.
Kṭer zi manaya, di beddu n wawal-nnes deg ufurmasyu, tenna massa Mena B. Lafkioui illa nettat ad tessiwel zeg ijjen uɣezdis d akadimi waha, di lagg°aj x min illan d aseyyasi, mamec i tekritika s yixef-nnes nnkawi-nni i dd-teydar, tenna-dd ila nnkawi wer mmilent ca tidett minzi dag-sent aṭṭas n ifayuten, aked manaya. S uya i dd-twekked ila nnkawi-nni maci d nettat i tent-iggin s ufus-nnes maca ixess ad ttwaggent nnkawi i dd-ɣa-yemmlen tidett n Imaziɣen x Tmazɣa mamec tella nican.
Aneqqis n usit n ariffino, irni deg usefreɣ n wawal, manaya yettban-dd umi dd-ggin ila nettat d « Tafransist », axmi ttexsen a x-as kksen ila nettat d yelli-s n tmurt, tecrec deg waṭṭas n imelqiten di xirebbi n tesdawiyin d temzyidawin d wammasen n trezzut ɣer daxel i tmurt-nneɣ. Mamec i tegga lxedmet-nnes x yelsawen i yellan di Arrif d jjwayeh-nniḍen n Tmazɣa amen tekmel. Aked manaya, tessreɣ tifawin x waṭṭas n ifinuminen infeeen s waṭṭas imerzzuten di tesdawit Tameɣrabit, s uyenni i ttuɣa i tt-id-ɛerrḍen kul twalat maḥend ad tewwec awal-nnes x yemxumbal i yeqqnen ɣer Tmaziɣt ɣer daxel i tmurt-nneɣ.
Umi asit-a ibelleɛ tiṭṭawin x manaya, danita i dd-itteḍhar ila neyyet-nnes d taɛeffant, ggin-tt d lqenḍert maḥend ad zzay-s seffan leḥsabat, d ayenni i twekked ula d tmesmunt n iselmaden n Tmaziɣt deg ijjen usiweḍ-nnes min xef ɣa-nessiwel s wadday.
Neyyet taɛeffant, teḍhar-dd tanya umi i dd-nnan ila « teṭṭef ttmenyat x lxedmet-nnes ». Ddegg-a n tmeslayin uridd d tidett. Deg wemsawaḍ-nnes aked usit n lerifain, tenna tselmadt Prof. Dr. Mena B. Lafkioui « ila wer teṭṭif bu ca n ttmenyat x ufurmasyu i tegga i yiselmaden, mamec twekked ila waxxa d tiwriqin n ṭṭiyara i zi dd-tusa ɣer Lmuɣrib, txelles-itent zi jjib-nnes ». Twekked ɛawed ila « d timexsa-nnes i tmurt-nnes d tmaziɣt i tt-yejjin maḥend ad taweḍ ad tegg merra manaya x lḥurnet n Tmaziɣt, waxxa nettat ila tzemmer ad tewwec awal-nnes x tesnilest deg umaḍal s tfadiwin i txes nettat ».
Mala nekker a nebna min xef d-nura s nnej, da ittban-dd mliḥ ila (t)inni i yuran artikel-nni i wer yeḍbiɛen di ariffino.net wer ssinen ca amkan ameqqran n massa Mena B. Lafkioui di tussna n yiles deg umaḍal, Kṭer zi manaya, rennin-dd ixarriqen ead maḥend ad ceyynen afuṭu n ijjen temɣart d yelli-s n tmurt tewca aṭṭas i tussna n yiles, mamec tessemɣer zi tmurt-nnes deg yemsagaren d imaḍlanen, mani neccin ixess-aneɣ a nesgeɛɛed yiri-nneɣ minzi ɣer-neɣ ijjen temɣart ameknaw massa Mena B. Lafkioui.
Tamesmunt n yiselmaden: d aseffi n leḥsab x weerur n massa Mena.
Deg usiweḍ-nnes n tidett i tegga tmesmunt n yiselmaden n tmaziɣt di temnaḍt n ugemmuḍ, sserɣen tifawin x ixarriqen i dd-yefsar asit n ariffino, mani twekked tmesmunt ila artikel-nni i dd-ggin deg usit-nni xsen ad zzay-s « ɣeḍlen zeg yewdan icercen deg ufarmasyu-ya akadimi, i ttuɣa yegg°jen x merra min ttuɣa yellan d asertan » d aya i yenna usiweḍ n tmesmunt i yellan jar ifassen n lerifain.
Tamesmunt temmel-dd belli taselmadt teqqim deg ijjen uṭil deg wussan n ufarmasyu-nnes, rebɛa n wussan x yiri n tkadimit, mani txelles asafer-nnes ɣer tmurt-nnes zi jjib-nnes. Lebda deg wemsawaḍ-nneɣ aked massa Mena B. Lafkioui twekked-aneɣ ila nettat ttuɣa txes ad txelles nnit kulci zi jjib-nnes (nutil, tiwriqin n usafer…), minzi ttuɣa yettɣil-as ila tamesmunt n iselmaden n Tmaziɣt i ɣa-yeggen amelqi-ya n tussna.
Mamec wekkden ila nettat tus-dd maḥend ad tessenfeɛ s tussna-nnes d ttejriba-nnes tameqqrant deg yiger n Tmaziɣt iselmaden i yeḥwajen s waṭṭas imelqiten am yina mani zemmren ad ssillɣen zi tussna-nnsen x Tmaziɣt. S uyenni i dd-temsawaḍ aked tmesmunt asegg°as n 2018, mani tegga ijjen umelqi d ameqqran di tendint n Nnaḍur i zi stafden xirebbi n yewdan. D asiɣi x umelqi-nni isebḥen ila tegga tmesmunt n iselmaden di jjihet n ccerq s uswizi aked massa Mena B. Lafkioui ad ggen ijjen umelqi-nniḍen d ameqqran deg Wujda i zi ɣa-testafed ijjen tseḍma d tameqqrant n yiselmaden deg wabril n 2020, maca aya imsaḍaf-dd aked kuruna virus isɛeḍlen amelqi-nni ar asegg°as-a (2022), mani yettwaḥsab amelqi-ya i yeɛdan di char-a axmi d asikel i wemleqi n 2020.
Deg umeqqaru qqaɛ, iqqim ad nessken ila tamesmunt deg usiweḍ-nnes, tessiwel-dd x ixarriqen d uceyyen i das-ggin s neɛmada i massa Mena B. Lafkioui, mamec ttren ad innurẓem ijjen lankiṭ x ddegg-a n uceyyen i zi dd-hwan x massa Mena d iselmaden i yestafden zeg ufurmasyu-ya wa.


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Lqʷran
Lqʷran nɣ Lquran nɣ Quran (s tɛṛabt : القرآن —Al qu'ran neɣ القرآن الكريم—Al-qur'an al-karim) iga aḍris asgdan akkʷ ilan atig ɣ Lislam. Ar ttinnin insllmn is iga awal n rbbi d is d netta ad t-id-issugzn f urqqas nns Muḥmmad. Ar ass-ad, adlis ad iga adlis amzwaru d udlis aqbur akkʷ ittawsan is ittyura s tutlayt taɛrabt.
flsn akkʷ imuslmn d inflas(imumnn) s is iga lqqʷran awal n rbbi isggizt-id s ils aɛṛab lmubin, f urqqas Muḥammad s ubrid n lmalak Jibril ɣ kigan n tmldawin zɣ lbiɛta nns ɣ usggʷas 610 ar tamttant-nns ɣ wass n 8 yunyu 632. Ibḍa Lqqʷran f 114 n tassurt, illa gis 6236 n layat. Illa ɣ Lquran ifyar (layat) imakkiyn d tiyyaḍ imadaniyn. Lquran lkarim iga adlis amggaru zɣ idlisn n ṛbbi, issggʷiz-t rbbi f nbi Muḥammad . D tilawat n lquran d ussfld nns d twuri sis gan kullu lɛibadat ar sisn ittaẓ umuslm i rbbi bac ayzddig ul nns. Tssnti tɣrma n imuslmn dffir ma iggiz Lquran s wakal.

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Alɣem
Alɣem (assaɣ usnan: Camelus) d tawsit n iɣersiwen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tleɣmatin deg tfesna n tsenfednin, yettwassen s tkura n tassemt yellan sufell n uzagur-is umi qqaren Ameddis neɣ Tuhi, acebbub n welɣem isem-is azaf, Akken i llan-t snat n telmas n ileɣman:
- Alɣem aserɣin: yettidiren deg Tefrikt ugafa d usamar alemmas d Tzunegzirt taserɣint
- Amaynag: yettidir deg Asya talemmast
Maca llan-t kra n telmas umi qqaren Tizulɣam deg twacult n tleɣmatin yettidiren deg Tamrikt n Wenẓul (Llama, Alpaka, Agwanaku d Vikunya)
Tudert d uglamẒreg
Asirem n tudert n welɣem win yettilin gar n 30 ar 40 n iseggasen, addud-is mara ad yili d ummid (kemmil) 1,85 m ar tuyat, d 2,15 m ar umeddis, Ameddis d win yeflalen (ɛlayen) s wazal n 75 cm ɣef tfekka, Ma d tizzli n welɣem d tin yettawaṭen ar 65 km deg tesragt
Ismawen n welɣem s TmaziɣtẒreg
Alɣem d deg Tmaziɣt d sin ilan (isɛan) aṭas n igdawalen am: Alem, Allem, Amagur, Aram, Amis, Arejjan, Arɣem


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Afgan
Afgan (Assaɣ ussnan: Homo sapiens) d amuddir amyiwen id yegran seg ufgan amasnag deg tewsit n Humu (ifganen), Afgan d afurk deg teɣreft n Izunefganen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tifganyin, Afgan d amuddir amyiwen iy lan (yesɛan) allaɣ yenneflin s waṭas, iy zemren ad issekti w ad issexdem tutlayt w ad yaf tifrat i wuguren id yettmagar, Yerna tafekka-ynes tbedd s ijufaṛ iwermanen ifellayen d iddayen issifrar awliwel-is (issisehil aḥerrk-is) s tenmeẓla d wallaɣ dɣa anecta d ayla yettgin deg ufgan d amuddir amyiwen iy zemren ad yessexdem tizmmarin-is tiggerruyin d tfekkawin d usexdem n ufus akken igerrez i tmugri d isnulfu n ifecka i yesri (i yuḥwaj) deg tudert-is, Akken ila (yesɛa) taɣect d tukrist sgi iy ttmeslay.
Tiɣri n timesɣaz tesseken-d anza d akken afgan yella deg Tefrikt send n 300.000 n iseggasen maca tura yettidir deg imenẓawen n tegnit s wuṭṭunyugaren 7,3 n imelyaren n ifganen
Afgan am yakk tigjdanin tiflalin d amuddir amettan.
Aẓaṛ nufgan d tnekra-ynesẒreg
Deg usɣan Wid yettamnen s isɣanen ttamnen d akken yillu isnulfa-d (ixelqed) afgan deg tugna-ynes tamirant deg yiwet n tsint, Maca timesɣaz qqaren-t-d s temhazt deg 200.000 n iseggasen i wayen umi qqaren imusnawen Humu dah n tiẓri n temhazt deg wakud dgi ttwalin imusnawen n usɣan inselmen d akken yerra fellasen yisem n Bashar- بشر acku ttwalin d akken afgan amiran yusad seg Adem igan d bab n ifganen yakk.
Deg tasnudert Imusnawen qqaren-d d akken Australopithecus afarensis d yiwen n umraw n ifganen (yenger) i yellan iteddu s sin n iṭarren, Allaɣ-is yella meẓẓiy s tmuɣli ar wagla n ufgan amiran.


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Naser Zzefzafi (isem n Zzefzafi ikk-dd zeg « Azefzaf ») ilul netta di 04 nufember 1979 di Lḥusima (Arrif), d ijjen umeɣnas d asertan d Arifi.
Zi kṭuber 2016 d netta icrek deg unhezzi n tmeskanin, niɣ anhezzi agdudan n Arrif, mani ttuɣa ittetter ad tif tudert tasusyukunumit n Arrif. Deg Wabril n 2021, yenna-dd, amen ɛad netta ittwaḥebbes di leḥbes n Ṭanja, ila wer ixes ɛad ad yili d ameɣar n Unhezzi n Arrif.
Tabyugrafit
Ixelq Naser Zzefzafi gi Lḥusima di Arrif, deg yeẓẓelmeḍ n Lmuɣrib. Yemma-s tegma-dd di Lḥusima, tettwaḥsab d Taweryaɣelt. Baba-s netta zeg Izefzafen, ijjen ddcar d ameẓẓyan n Ayt Weryaɣel, taqbilt i zi dd-iqqers ula d Mulay Muḥend.
Zzefzafi d mmi-s n ijjen twacunt d tameɣnast. Baba-s ameqqran ila yella d awzir n daxel n « tegduda n Arrif » mani ɛziz-s, nɣin-t deg usegg°as n 1978 ṭṭerf i Leɛrayec, d netta ila yellan d amessugur n kabini n Mulay Muḥend. Baba-s ila yella ula d netta d ameɣnas deg umulli umi qqaren tamunt tanamurt n tedwas tigdudanin UNFP. Zi senni i idewlen d tamunt tasusyalt n tedwas tigdudanin USFP. Mani i zzag-s i yeffeɣ wami yudef umulli-ya di Lḥukuma. Naser Zzefzafi ila yella ula d ameɣnas deg unhezzi n 20 Brayer di Lḥusima di tmeskanin n 2011.
Tameskant
Icrek Naser Zzefzafi di tmeskanin i iḍfaren lmewt n Muḥsin Fikri, asebbab n yiselman, mmi-s n 31 n yisegg°asen, i ttuɣa iḥeryen ar lmewt deg ijjen ukamyyu n wefraḍ di 28 Kṭuber 2016. Deg ijjen wemsawal i yewca i usit Aspanyu El Español di Yennayer 2017, yenna : « Iqqim dag-neɣ min das-imsaren amenni : mala neqqim nesseɣḍ ass-a, ataf aya ad iqqim isiɣa. Ha mayemmi i daneɣ-ixess a neffeɣ maḥend a nesbedd manaya ». Zi Kṭuber 2016, d unhezzi wer irri ḍar ɣer deffer, qqimen tteffɣen deg izubaq n Lḥusima di min das-dd-yunuḍen, maca ula di Nnaḍur d Berkan.
Anhezzi-ya yudef deg ijjen kurba d tasertant zeg wabril n 2017, di twalat tamezwarut Arbaṭ ad tettahem anhezzi Arifi ila ittmeyyal ɣer uzarug, ɛawed ssegguren-tt-id zi Lxarij, maca Zzefzafi zi lebda ila inekker ddegg-a n ttuhmat mani netta ila iqqar lebda ixess ad neɛmen s tutriwin n unhezzi n Arrif.
Ass n 26 May 2017, deg ijjen tẓallit n jjemɛa, di tmezgida n Muḥemmed Lxamis di Lḥusima, Naser Zzefzafi ad ikker aked lefqih wami ttuɣa ittẓalla. Xenni yeṭṭef awal ibda ikritika lefqih-nni ila isxeddam ddin maḥend ad yegg ijjen yinaw d asertan ; ad zzag-s yexdem lmexzen ». Deg wass-nni s ixef-nnes, Lwakil yerẓem ijjen lankiṭ di Lḥusima, mani ila xsen ad ṭṭfen Naser Zzefzafi.
Asbeddi
Sbedden Naser Zzefzafi zi Lpulis, tuffut n 29 May 2017 minzi « iḥada laman n daxel n ddewla » , weyyen-tt deg wass-nni s ixef-nnes ɣer Ddarlbiḍa deg uraqq n usira anamur n upulis azerfan. Mamec i t-ttahmen ila netta « igga tiɛenkraf zzat i tẓallit n jjemɛa d uhuddi x lɛibada ». Aked manaya, yettwattahem ila « iḥada laman n daxel n ddewla » d « texuwna ».
Di 05 abril 2019, Naser Zzefzafi wcin-as 20 iseggusa n leḥbes aked 41 nniḍen n imeɣnas isertanen.
Awerni i usbeddi
Deg ijjen audio dag-s kṭer zi tseɛɛet i ttuɣa i ittwafsaren ass n 31 Kṭuber 2019 x traccwin tinamunin, Naser Zzefzafi yenna-dd ila yekkes lwala’-nnes i ujellid d mamec ismeḥ di ljinsiya tameɣrabit. Yenna « Nefser-dd x teɣtast-nneɣ maḥend a nesmeḥ di ljinsiya, a nekkes ifilan n lwala’, min negga ammu maci yus-dd amenni waha, maca ɣer-s min xef ibedd ». Mamec issreɣ tifawin x umeyyek itteggen maḥend ad sɛerqen Irifiyen, d ẓẓeyyar i yettwaggen x Arrif.
Amsuruf aɛeffan
Di 11 Yulyuz 2017, ijjen uvidyu mani i dd-ittban uzgen n Naser Zzefzafi d aɛeryan, ttbanent-idd ca n teyyita x arrimet-nnes merra, yebda ubidyu-ya iggur deg internet qbel ma ad ittwamḥa. Qqaren aqqa ittwaweddeb deg wammas n leḥbes di Ɛukaca, di Ddarlbiḍa.
Deg ijjen audio ittwafsaren ass n 31 Kṭuber 2019 x ijjen usit d Arifi, yessiwel-dd Naser Zzefzafi x min x-as ikkin d aweddeb di leḥbes. Idettet ila ttuɣa yruḥ d tiqebbart zegga semḥen inekraf di ljinsiya tameɣrabit : « Ggin akid-neɣ ijjen umsuruf d aɛeffan bezzaf : aweddeb ». D aya i yenna. Mamec i dd-issiwel x mamec i yeggin ar ami i t-ṭṭfen, mamec inna ila qa ttuɣa weddben-t nican. sɣeḍlen zi tfizikt-nnes, ggin x-as bezzez maḥend ad yini « ɛaca lmalik », mamec x-as ttɛeddan s usikes : « wami i dd-redfen x taddart, reddjen tawwurt, reklen-ayi, wtin-ayi, skussfen xaf-i. Ggin-ayi di tmurt, kksen-ayi arruḍ, ssufɣen-dd … Ablul-nnsen, bdan ttbeccacen-dd xaf-i, x uɣembub-inu d arrimet-inu amen tekmel, nnan-ayi ad iniɣ ɛaca lmalik, a mmis n lqeḥba ». D aya i yenna qbel ma ad yerni : « nɛedden xaf-i s usikes… Kerfen-ayi ifassen awerni i weɛrur, ssehwan sserwal, ssidfen dag-i ijjen umeɛraḍ. Ijjen zzag-s yessufeɣ-dd qaɛ ablul-nnes, ibda yettḥekka-t x wudem-inu… Ca n tmeslayin wer zemmreɣ ad tent-iniɣ. Mayemmi ? ḥuma wer sserɛibeɣ iwdan… Timeslayin d tinefsiyin i dayi-yejjin ad ssiwleɣ x ddegg-a n tmeslayin. Mama ikker ad sswileɣ x uweddeb i dayi-yeggin, ɛemmers ad saliɣ ! ».


text:
Yennayer d azamul n tnekkit i wid mazal ṭṭfen deg wansayen d-ǧǧan imezwura. Ur ṭṭuqten ara yizamulen t-yecban di tegnit i deg d-negra, neɣ ma llan, a ten-id-naf ur sen-yettunefk ara wazal i uklalen. Ssebbat i ɣ-yeǧǧan nettbin-d ass-a amzun nekka-d mgal agama ṭṭuqtent, imi akka i tt-ira umecwar d-nelḥa deg umezruy. ‘Tikwin’ nneɣ ɣer temsalt n tnekkit n melmi-tt kan, maca daɣen ddeqs i nezzi nenneḍ seg yimir-en. Γas akken, ass-a {abrid labud neeqel-it}, d win i deg lḥan yelmeẓyen n tseddawiyin n Tmurt ass-agi umenzu n Yennayer. Annect bɣun nudan ad ḥewṣen tisutwin d-yettnekkaren, anect bɣun sslemden-asen taɛrabt di lakulat d tesdawiyin, anect bɣun ččuren-asen iɣmisen d wallalen n telɣut d ttikerkas n tesnakta taɛrabt tasnislemt…tuffɣa-nnsen ɣer iberdan akken a d-suɣen: “NEBΓA A NIDIR S TNEKKIT NNEΓ DEG WAYLA NNEΓ”, d abeqqa i yal wid ur negzi d akken tikli n wemdan ɣer tlelli-s yiwen ur tt-iḥebbes.
Win yukin s tnekkit-is, yessaɛezzay izamulen n tnekkit-nni. Tutlayt taqbaylit i d-yeqqimen d ttinigit, d ttamuddurt i d assaɣ nneɣ agejdan d yiẓuran. Ihi deg webrid n tikwin, yessefk ass-a a tt-neḥrez ma nra a neṭṭef di tnekkit-nneɣ, a tt-nesseqdec di yal annar n tmeddurt ma nra ur nettidir ara ddaw tacḍaḍt n wiyaḍ. Tiɣri umussu n Timanit i weɣref aqbayli i lmend n useqdec n tutlayt taqbaylit di yal annar n tmeddurt d ayen yettaken asirem i tlalit nneɣ tis snat. Akken d-nenna, ssebat i ɣ-yeǧǧan di tegnit i deg nella ṭṭuqtent, maca tin i ɣ-tent-imekknen ugar d ttutlayt i nettawi deg yimawen kan war ma nura-tt. Anect i neqqim d ilelliyen, nedder s wansayen nneɣ deg unagraw nneɣ ulac deg-s n uɣilif; maca tameddurt deg umaḍal n wass-a i wumi ttwakksent tlisa s wallalen imaynuten n telɣut ur tesɛi aḥebber! Ihi am nekni am iɣerfan umaḍal, tewwi-d a nidir s tnekkit nneɣ d ttutlayt nneɣ akken yiwen ur ɣ-irekkeḍ.
Iswi agejdan n weɣmis nneɣ s teqbaylit d anegmu n tutlayt nneɣ s webrid agi n telɣut imi aɣmis d allal i yess nezmer a nemmeslay ɣef yal annar n tmeddurt. Tin ɣer-s, imi akken neẓra taɣuri fessuset ɣef tira, nessaram ad yili daɣen d allal i deg ara izmiren ad lemden yeqbayliyen tira n tutlayt nnsen. Dɣa nwala d akken qqlen kra ttarun segmi i d-yennulfa facebook! Ugar n waya, nettheyyi-d timsirin ara yilin deg weḥric “Tutlayt” akk d yeḍriṣen d tidiwenniyin n imussnawen n wannar-a. Ihi rezzu-d ɣer tamurt.info ay Aqbayli i wakken a teɣɣareḍ u a tettaruḍ tutlayt-ik! Yennayer-ik d ameggaz!


text:
Description
Asiɣzif ad ak-yeǧǧ ad tesferkeḍ tisuqqilin POEditor srid seg WordPress s ttawil n API POEditor.
Aya ad yernu akk isenfar-inek seg POEditor.com, i yebnan ɣef tsarut-inek API, sakin ad inadi akk iofuyla n tutlayt (.po akked .pot) seg ukaram-ik /wp-content/. sakin tzemreḍ ad tesdukleḍ ifuyla seg isental-inek WordPress neɣ iseɣzaf ɣer ifuyla n tutlayt sakin yzemreḍ ad d-awiḍ, neɣ ad tazneḍ neɣ ad temtawiḍ ifuyla-inek s ttawil n tsuqqilin n POEditor.
Tzemreḍ ad tafeḍ imecwaṛen amek ad tesqedceḍ asiɣzif POEditor deg tansa localization guide.
Ma tebɣiḍ ad tekkiḍ deg usideg n usiɣzif, ttxil ddu ɣer plugin’s translation page sakin ttekki deg usenfar.
Tzemreḍ daɣen lebni n usiɣzif deg GitHub.
Screenshots
Installation
- Sider akk agbur n ufaylu zip ɣer ukaram
/wp-content/plugins/
- Rmed asiɣzif seg umuɣ ‘Isiɣzaf’ deg WordPress
- Ddu ɣer ifecka > POEditor akken ad tesqedceḍ asiɣzif
- Rnu tasarut API i d ak-n-yefka amiḍan-ik POEditor.com
FAQ
-
Ayɣer asiɣzif ur yizmir ara ad yaru deg ufaylu seg API?
-
Ma yalla akater igla-d s tucḍiwin deg tisuraft n tira, ilaq ad truḥeḍ ɣer ubrid n ufaylu anda llant sakin sbadu tira n tisuraft.
Reviews
Contributors & Developers
“POEditor” is open source software. The following people have contributed to this plugin.Contributors
Translate “POEditor” into your language.
Interested in development?
Browse the code, check out the SVN repository, or subscribe to the development log by RSS.


text:
Andrea del Verrocchio (attayen n. 1435 – 1488) ikka-t-nn iga yan "sculptor" awṭalyan, adhaybi d umekla. Tekka-tt-inn ɣur-s yat tsawert ilan azal ammas n Flurinsa, kkan-t-inn dinna gan kigan d imeklawen n tleslalit; ilin seg-sen inelmaden d yimeswurrin-nnes. Zun d Botticini, Ghirlandaio d Perugino, maca anelmad-nnes akkʷ ittwassnen Leonardo da Vinci ad t-igan.
Tudert-nnesEdit
Ilul-d Verrocchio g Flurinsa attayen n 1435. Ibba-s Michele di Francesco Cioni, iswurri s izwar amm yan umsenflul n uyajuṛ d uqermid, d "tax collector" ḍart-as. Iswurri ɣur tewja n id b yibankiwen Ayt Medici, fadd immutti ilemma s Vinisya.
Llig d-ilul Verrocchio, gan-as s yisem Andrea di Francesco di Cioni. Ittunfal yisem-nnes s Andrea del Verrocchio llig ibda ar ittelmad ɣur yan uhekkac (adhaybi) igan s yisem Verrocchio (d irwas is d nettan nit ayd igan Francesco di Luca Verrocchio, yan unesbaɣur imursen kigan g wussan-nnes). D amm yan ɣur-s ittelmaden, yagʷem-d ɣur-s Verrocchio man imek s tettyawskarent tzuzaf d yirukuten n wureɣ zun d iṭebsilen, iɣeṛṛafen d tqeṛɛay n tisent. Ilmed allu man imek s ssufuɣen g wureɣ; itsent tewriqin tusdidin mi ttinin "afriw n wureɣ" d usemres-nnsent g zzwaq n yisutay n tewlafin, isefrisen d "illuminated manuscripts". Ilmed allu man imek s sennulfun isefrisen n ubrunẓ. Asekkin-ad igguran a s bahra ittyawssan nettan.
Akud-ann, immaggar d Verrocchio netta d Donatello (ɣef uyenna ttalsen kra n medden ikka-t-inn s tidet da as-immal aha da t-isselmad, maca kra n wanẓa ɣef temsalt-a ur illi, iḥaseb John Pope-Hennessy awed netta tiẓri-a mas d ur d yad temsasa akked tmamekt-nnes n uswurri azemz-ann). Yaɣul Donatello iga yan seg "sculpteurs" akkʷ ttwassennin, yuti uyenna isgadda g yisefrisen ancet nna isker Verrocchio. Sin-ad, sgaddan s sin-itsen yan usefris i David ilan iɣef n Goliath, sgaddan allu s sin-itsen yan usefris axatar igan win imnayen i yan userdas ittwassnen azemz-ann. Kigan n tikkal dar sengiddin imussnawen n tẓuri d ar ssemzazalen ger sin id David, d ger sin yisefrisen-nna n userday amnay.
Verrocchio, ur jjin iwwel, maca ikka-t-inn da ittazzal meqqar; ɣef ayt tewja-nnes yaḍnin. Idrus mayd ittwssanen ɣef tudert-nnes, abla mas ikka da ittelmad ɣef ufus Fra Filippo Lippi akkʷ ayenna iqqnen ɣer teklut, d mas da ttuɣulent twuriwin-nnes tireslanin ɣer s yiseggʷasen-nnes simraw gguranin, d mli idd ur d takessa n Lorenzo de Medici d memmi-s Piero, ur inni ad izzigiz s mani. Ikka-t-inn yamu awed netta g "Guild" n St Luke (Luke Agʷrram), kkan-d tastudyut-nnes kigan g yinaẓuren ikeswaten. Tiwuriwin n yidsen g yinelmaden-ad-nnes amn Domenico Ghirlandaio, Francesco Botticelli d Pietro Perugino, immra ad ten-issengara yan d twuriwin n Verrocchio s yiɣef-nnes.
Tigiriwin n tudert-nnes, yujja Verrocchio i Lorenzo di Credi tasawert-ann-nnes n Flurinsa, irẓem d netta tayyaḍ ammas n Vinisya, mani illa da iswurri ɣef yan usefris i Bartolomeo Colleoni. Immut g Vinisya aseggʷas n 1488. Da ittwaḥsab Andrea mas iga yan seg yimezwura usriden n umessenti (entrepreneur) awṭalyan, Paul M. Verrochi.
TifelwinEdit
Da ittuyanna mas ibda Verrocchio taklut g temrawant n 1460, tizi llig t-nn-ikka isul da iswuri ammas n Prato akked umekla Fra Filippo Lippi. Xas yat tfelwit ittwassnen ilan asinyatur sɣur Verrocchio ayd illan, ad t-igan d yat "altarpiece" (tafelwit nna ittilin ammas yisɣersen) n Madonna d Icirri, manen akked Igʷrramen g tkatidraliyt n Pistoia, ittwaklan tigira n temrawant n 1470. Sulent uggar n tfelwin-yaḍnin d-kkanin astudyu n Verrocchio, d irwas is dig-sen ikʷla Verrocchio yan umur, klun inelmaden-nnes imuren-nna-yaḍnin.
Tettwakla tfelwit akkʷ dig-sent ittwassnen, igan s uzwel Addum n Umasiḥ ger 1472 d 1475. Ibder Giorgio Vasari g warra-nnes "Tudert n Inaẓuren Ikeswaten"; mas d Leonardo da Vinci ayd ikʷlan aneglus illan ɣef uẓelmaḍ. Idum-aɣ allu Vasari mas d; allig as-iɣʷḍef Verrocchio i tmefkit n umeḥḍar-nnes bu mraw d tam yiseggʷasen nna iɣudan g teklut, isres akkʷ nettan taccitat-nnes s yat tkelit, aha ur jjun d nettan ad sul ikʷlan kra g tudert-nnes. Mek igger yan s yan usmaqqel nna ineɣden, qqad as-ittuman mas ittwakla umata g tfelwit-nna s yat "tempera" niɣ tamamekt nna iqburen, imil aneglus, kra n igezzumen g tfekka n Ɛisa d tmuɣli-nna n tɣʷrdin, tettwaklan s yat tatiqniyt nna igan tamaynut g teklut tazitiyt. Taɣawsa nna ittajjan imussnawen n umezruy n tẓuri ad ttinin d yiɣfawen-nnsen mas dig-sent ixdem Leonardo yan mennaw yigezzumen yaḍen d ur id ɣas yan yan. Ittufka diɣ yan usumer-yaḍen, ittinin mas d Botticelli ad as-ixedmen wis-sin ineglusen.
IsefrisenEdit
Isnulfa Verrochio snat tɣawsiwin g uẓru, yan utabut (cercueil) d yan usarid (lavabo). Da ittuyanna mas isrem allu yat Madonna d Icirri s low relief.
Ttwaskaren isefrisen n Verrocchio akkʷ ttwassnen s ubrunẓ nna igan yan wanaw g umɣuz (métal). Ukan, afadd isennuflu yan usefris n ubrunẓ, da ittaf ɣur Verrocchio ad t-ixdem s tkira (cire). Isker-as s izwar "plâtre" nnig-as ma s yakka yan "moule" ḍart mayd t-ittekkis, igger is-s g ufarnu issreɣ-as, yajj-t ard ifsi kull aha yaɣul iga (liquid). Issuga uynna n umɣuz ifsin g "mould" yajj-t ard ikrem s ttawil-nnes. Ḍart mayd ittekkis "plâtre", yaff-nn asefris-nnes n ubrunẓ hat yujad, ur da as-ittɣama abla "finition" d ujrak (polissage)
Tawuri g San LorenzoEdit
Tekka-tt-nn tga Teglizt n San Lorenzo (Lawrence Agʷrram) yat teglizt tamaynut g Flurinsa. Iṣkʷa-tt umesdag Brunelleschi s tmamekt n Tleslatit nna igan tamaynut g wanaw-nnes azemz-ann. Kkan-t-nn Ayt Medici gan imasayen-nnes akkʷ ɣur illa waddur, stan Verrocchio amm umsefres-nnsen nna rad ittwakellafen s kraḍ yisenfaren dig-s illan.
Isnulfa Verrocchio aseggʷas n 1465 yan usarid i tmeṣriyt-nna n San Lorenzo (nna mi ttinin dɣi "Old Sacristy"), g ttilin iheddumen d yirukuten n "Communion". Ittusrem i ufella n usarid-nna yan yigider, ittmettalen azamul n John Agʷrram Awenjil (St. John the Evangelist). Ittusrem-as i udis-nnes "coat of arms" n Ayt Medici. Tettufka-as akud-ann i Verrocchio yat temhelt iẓlin s "design" n yan umḍel i Cosimo, yan abankiy ittwassnen kigan, ig awed jedd-is n Ayt Medici.
Tizwiri n temrawant n 1470, ikellef-t Lorenzo de Medici s temhelt n udiẓayen n umḍel n baba-s Piero akmed ɛemm-is Giovanni. Ikka-t-nn umḍel-nna mi iga Verrocchio adiẓayen yan umḍel yad ilin anaw. Isgadda-as yan "sarcophagus" (atabut uẓru) imeqquren seg yan uẓru "rouge-foncé" igan afalkay, "trimmed" s uẓru azegzaw akked yifrawen ttusermen s ubrunẓ. Adɣar n wad as-isker yan udiẓayen n yimek nna bedda, g ittili utabut izdi d uɣrab, isker-as nettan yan udiẓayen-yaḍen t-ittajjan ad yili g tuẓẓumt n usaka, nna ittawin ɣer "Sacristy". Isgadda-as Verrocchio yan uzeṭṭa n ubṛunz ittbayanen amm ig ittwaskar s yizakaren.
Amasiḥ d Thomas AgʷrramEdit
Taglizt akkʷ igan tar anaw ammas n Flurinsa azmez-ann, ad tt-igan d taglizt n Orsanmichele. Tga yad tmeṣkiwt-ad tin yan ugadaz n usengar mi ittawkla usalas s tugna tatigant n Madonna d Urba. Infel ugadaz-ad ɣer taglizt, dlen-as idisan-nnes s yiɣerban. Kkan-t-nn g yiɣerban-nnes kra n tburjutin (niches) ganin uɣizen, mani g ttafan ad sbidden isefrisen. Swurrin kigan n medden ammas n Flurinsa g tazzulin mzaraynint, amunen midden-ad kull g mennawt tmaddasin mi ttinin "guilds". Ikka-t-nn da ittiri kraygan guild ilan azal g temdint, ad ɣur-s yili usefris n ugʷrram-nnes abaṭrun g yat seg tburjutin-nna n Oransmichele. Kkan-t-nn da ttwaskaren isefrisen-ad s yifassen n widda akkʷ ufnin g yimsefrisen.


text:
Ṣaḥariǧ
Ṣaḥariǧ neɣ lemṣara (s tefransist : Saharidj, s taɛrabt : صحاريج), d yiwet n tɣiwant n tmurt n Leqbayel i d-yezgan deg twilayt n Tubiret. Tezga-d ar ugmuḍ n Tubiret s 50.3 Km, 73.1 Km seg unẓul n Tizi Wezzu, 104 Km seg umalu n Bgayet akked 153 Km seg Lezzayer Tamanaɣt , tlul-d deg unegzum adeblan n 1984.
Taɣiwant n Ṣaḥariǧ tettwassen s yimjahden-is i yewwten uzzal ɣef uzarug n Lezzayer, tettwassen daɣen s uzbu-ines mgal taṛemɣa taneslamt (terrorisme islamique) deg umrawsegwas aberkan n 1990 ar 2000, d ayen i t-yeǧǧan tella seg tɣiwanin timezwura i yessutren imrigen (Armes) i udabu akken ad ḥudden taɣiwant-nsen seg yiṛemmaɣen.
Tarakalt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Asideg[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tudrin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- At Ɛli Utmim
- At Ḥemmad
- At Walban
- Ɛeggac
- Ilyiten
- Imezdurar
- Iɣil Ḥemmad
- Ibelbaren
- Iɣzer Iwaqquṛen
- Imri
- Ṣaḥariǧ
- Taddart Lejdid
- Tagemmunt At Laḥbib
Tagnawt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ṣaḥariǧ tezga-d deg yirebbi n wedrar n Ǧerǧer, anda tella tqacuct tunnigt Yemma Xliǧa (Tamguṭ) (2308 m), imezdaɣ n Ṣaḥariǧ qqaren-as Tamguṭ kan.
Tagnawt deg tɣiwant-agi d tin yeḥman deg unebdu, d tasemmaḍt s waṭas n ugeffur deg tegrest.
Amesni (Transport)[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Taɣiwant n Ṣaḥariǧ yezger seg-s ubrid aɣelnaw U°30 i yeqnen Imceddalen ɣer Tizi Wezzu akked ubrid amecṭuḥ U°9 i yeqnen Ṣaḥariǧ ɣer taddart n Sellum deg taɣiwant n Aɣbalu.
Amezruy[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ixef-agi d ilem ...
Tadamsa[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ixef-agi d ilem ...
Tamerrit (Tourisme)[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Taɣiwant n Ṣaḥariǧ tezga-d deg yirebbi n wedrar n Ǧerǧer, dacu i tt-yeǧǧan tesɛa aṭas n yimuḍaq n tmerrit. Gar-asen nezmer ad nadder :
- Tala Rana : D tiẓgi tazegzawt deg wedrar n Ǧerǧer, teččur d iɣbula n waman d tliwa, deg-s mazal ttidiren waṭas n yiɣersiwen izagiren, imɣan d isekla yurzen s ngar.
- Yemma Xliǧa (Tamguṭ) 2308 m : Taqacuct tunnigt deg wedrar n Ǧerǧer.
- Tizi n Kulal (1500 m) : Tezga-d deg talast ger-as d tnebḍit n Tizi Wezzu.
Deg yiseggasen-agi ineggura, ama d tagrest neɣ d anebdu, aṭas n yemdanen d twaculin i d-yettasen seg yal tama ɣer tɣiwant n Ṣaḥariǧ akken ad zṛen imuḍaq-agi n tmerrit, ladɣa widak iḥemlen tawennaṭ d tulin n yidurar.
Muqel daɣen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Yemma Xliǧa (Tamguṭ), taqacuct tunnigt deg udrar n Ǧerǧer.
- Tala Rana.
- Tizi n Kulal (1500 m).


text:
YECCU LMASIḤ iqqar ... NECC d TAFAWT n DDUNECT
Wenni dd ayi i ɣa iḍfaren, war iggur ɛemmarṣ di taǧest,
maca ad ɣares tiři TFAWT n TUDART!
Aseqsi Wiss 8
Mařa Yeccu Lmasiḥ d Mmis n Arebbi, mayemmi t ijja Arebbi ad immut x ṣṣalib?
Ammu i d as yura Arebbi zeg umezwaru. Di tidett, marra man aya tuɣa yura di tira n inabiyyen aṭṭas zeg wami. Arebbi isscen asen belli Lmasiḥ ggur ad immet s minzi s idammen nnes ixs ad dd-ixřeq ijj n řɛahd ajdid jaras d bnadem. Řami immut Lmasiḥ yarbu lḥukm n min tesdaheǧ ddunnit. Iɛeddeb it Arebbi s yijj n řeɛdab d ameqqran maḥend neccin war neggur ɛad ad netwaɛeddeb. Netta simant nnes inna:
"S tidett, s tidett, ad awem iniɣ, mařa war iwḍi řḥebb n yirden di temmurt uca ad immut,
xenni ad iqqim weḥdes, maca mařa immut, xenni ad dd-tawyi řɣiǧet aṭṭas."
(Yuḥanna 12:24)
Lmasiḥ war iqqim weḥdes, minzi itwassnekkar-dd zeg imettinen deg wass wiss třata, am mammec tuɣa inna i imeḥḍaren nnes qbeř.
Uca Arebbi issgaɛɛed it ɣar ujenna mani i ɣa yiři ař tuqqa ddunit. Uca ad dd-idweř maḥend ad iřqeḍ marra inni zzayes ittamnen uca ad ten iksi akides ɣar tudart n řebda. Nitni ad iřin d ṣṣabet nnes.


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Kliyupatra Tiss Sa
Cleopatra (Tagrikt: Kλeoπάtpa Φιλoπάtwp) 69 dat n tlalit - 10 ɣuct 30 dat n tlalit, tkka-tt-inn tga tgllidt n tgldiyt tabṭulimiyt n Miẓra. Nttat ad iggwran i tglda-nns.
Tkka-tt-inn tga yat zzɣ tmɣarin akkʷ dar illa waddur ɣ umzruy. Ism-nns ummid iga-t Cleopatra Tis Sat Thea Philopator. Nttat ad igan tanggarut n yigllidn n tdinastiyt nɣ d tawja tagldant n Ifrɛunn Ibṭulimiyn lli d yumẓn tanbbaḍt n Miẓra ḍarat tmttant n Alexander Axatar. Lliɣ tmmut nttat, taɣul Miẓra tga yat tmnaḍt igan taṛumit ddu yism n Aegyptus.
Aɣbalu agjdan n tudrt-nns ikka-d arratn n Plutarch; "tudrt n Antony", illan s mnnawt tsuɣilin. "Antony d Cleopatra", ad tt-igan d yat tatradijt bahra ittyawssann dar William Shakespeare, da ttinin mas tettyura gr yisggʷasn n 1603 d 1607. "Printed" tikklt tamzwarut ɣ 1623. Cleopatra, tga mmu yiẓuran mmrksnin gr wagrikn d yimiṣriyn.
Tudrt n Cleopatra[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Cleopatra, tlul-d ɣ ammas n Tskandariyt, tamaẓunt n Miẓra ɣ akud-ann. Lliɣ tt-inn dar-s tkka 18 usggʷas, baba-s lli igan agllid, immut. Taɣul nttat d gʷma-s Ptolemy wis kraḍ d mraw, gan inmɣurn n Miẓra. Tkka-tt-inn nttat tga tagllidt, ig gʷma-s agllid. Gʷma-s ɣ akud-ann ḥra iṭṭaf 10 usggʷas, ay isnamkn mas d nttat ad igan tanbbaḍt n tidt.


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Aberraḥ ikker : adabu ad yeg adiwenni ameqqran (dialogue inclusif), ad imlil akked yal akabar, akken taggara ad ibnu «un front interne soudé», d agraw idduklen, izdin, akken azekka ad yizmir ad iqabel yal ugur ad d-yasen. D ayen ilhan, mer d tidett.
Maca tadyant, illa wayen deg tezgel, adabu ur yuɣ abrid iwatan.
Deg wadeg adabu ad iɣer i Yizzayriyen, anda bɣun ilin, netta iɣer i yiqeffafen-nni itezzin deg ijufar n udabu, akken ad ččen talqimt. D wid illan iḍelli, d wid illan ass-a, d tikli-nsen azekka.
Timliliyin d-illan ussan-a di tzeqqa n El Muradya, ger Abdelmadjid Tebboune akked Mokri, Bengrina, Djilali, atg… d tabburt i d-ildin akken ad d-kecmen wid issazlen iḍelli idammen n Izzayriyen, ad dewlen daɣ d ‘’personalité nationale’’, am tallit-nni n Bouteflika. Ulac amaynut !
Deffir temliliyin-nni, yal yiwen seg iqeffafen-nni ikkat ad d-isseknu taciṭa ɣer tama-s, akken ad ikcem agraw, s « nniɣ-as akka, rniɣ-as akka i sidi aselway-nneɣ… »…
Yiwen ur isteqsa imdanen-nni : « i netta acu i yawen-d-inna ? Anda i iteddu uselway-a, anda i teteddu tmurt ? ».
Mazal-aɣ di tin n « yugar tiqersi, tafawett ».
Abrid i yuɣ udabu, mačči d win deg ara d-iffeɣ azekka wegraw ad isdduklen Izzayriyen ; tidett urar ittwassen, d adrum kan n tkerkas, akken ad isenned fell-as udabu, ad issezri tallit n ddiq. Taḥilett tettwassen di yal tamurt, d amezgun, yir amezgun.
D adrum i teddun ad t-sbedden mgal/contre Izzayriyen, mačči akked Izzayriyen.
Imussnawen di tmura nniḍen nnan : « yal ugur ad d-yawḍen, issefk ad yili d tagnitt akken ad tt-nfares, ad nelmed, ad nesnerni seg-s tamussni ». 60 iseggasen deffir 1962, tamurt tezzi s uzagur i tmussni. Mačči ass-a ara ibeddel udabu abrid… neɣ diri win ittaysen ?
Illa yiwen udiwenni ameqqran izemren ad ibeddel tamurt : d win ara gen Izzayriyen gar-asen. Tanekra n furar 2019 tenjer asalu amezwaru, ɣas ur issaweḍ ubrid, iban anda iteddu, acku d izerfan i d lsas n ubrid-nni.
Adabu yellan ass-a di Lezzayer, ma yelmed si tnekra d-illan, izmer ad ibedd, ad yaɣ abrid n yiseɣ, ad yili d azamul i bennu n ugraw ameqqran i d-ifkan aẓar seg uswir n Ifri-Uzellagen, akken taggara ad ibedd udabu amaynut ɣef tgejda n izerfan. Izwar-as ubeddel n logiciel.
Tikersi tamezwarut ara yefsin, zun d ccerṭ amenzu : ad tbedd timanit n tmurt n Lezzayer/autonomie de l’Algérie, ad tekkes tbarda i nerra i yiman-nneɣ, d kennu zdat timura n wagmuḍ s tsertit n taârabt-tinneslemt, armi neqqen cckal nɣil d axelxal.
Mi tekkes tkersi-nni, ad d-ldint tebbura, akk tibbura !
Aumer U Lamara
Timerna / Notes.
1) « Elles, elles, ar qabel ad ak-nales ! », d awal i qqaren i yikerri d tixsi, yal aseggas di lawan n tullsa n taduṭ-is. Ad ak-nales = ad ak-nɛiwed
Ales = recommencer, répéter, refaire, …


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ssemnagletVB [ssemnaglet]
entasser et entasser encore
Flexions ssemnaglettessemnagelteḍ tessemnageltem issemnagelten tessemnaglateḍ tessemnaglatem issemnaglaten ssemnageltemt tessemnaglet ssemnageltent ssemnaglatemt tessemnaglat ssemnaglatent ssemnaglet yessemnaglet tessemnageltemt ssemnaglat yessemnaglat tessemnaglatemt ssemnagelteɣ nessemnaglet yessemnagelten ssemnaglateɣ nessemnaglat yessemnaglaten ssemnageltet issemnaglet ssemnagelten ssemnaglatet issemnaglat ssemnaglaten
Sources ssemnaglet
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982


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Iɣri (imɣi)
Iɣri (Yettwassen s: Aberweq dɣa yusa-d seg Teɛrabt البروق), (assaɣ usnan: Asphodelus) d tawsit n yemɣan yeṭṭafaren tawacult n teɣrit dges azal n 15 n telmas.
Idgan n wemɣay[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Yettemɣay-d deg tmura yejban ɣef ilel agrakal akk d Turuft tutrimt
Tilmas[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Iɣri amellal - (Asphodelus albus)
- Iɣri awarẓaṛ
- Iɣri n unebdu - (Asphodelus aestivus)
- Iɣri n unebdu - (Asphodelus microcarpus)
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Asismel[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Isseqdac[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tiwelhiwin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ 'Imɣan n Tensawt - Plantes de Kabylie ' - Saïd Zidat - Editions Innexsys, Luxembourg, Avril 2016 ISBN 978-99959-0-205-6 www.imghantensawt.lu


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nheqVB [nheq]
sangloter
Flexions nheqyenheq ttenhaq tnehqemt yettenhaq yenhiq tettenhaqemt tenhiqemt nehhqet tnehheq nehqeɣ nehhqent nenheq ttenhaqeɣ nhiqeɣ nettenhaq nenhiq yettenhaqen inehqen tnehhqeḍ nehqet tnehhqemt inheq ttenhaqet nehqen ittenhaq inhiq ttenhaqen nhiqen nehhqemt nnehheq tnehqeḍ inehhqen tnehqem tettenhaqeḍ tenhiqeḍ tettenhaqem tenhiqem ittenhaqen nehheq inehheq nehqemt nehhqen tenheq ttenhaqemt nehqent tettenhaq tenhiq ttenhaqent nhiqent nehhqeɣ nheq tnehhqem
Sources nheq
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982


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Deg wass n 22 kṭubeṛ 2022, ad bedden wi ittexsen taẓuri tarifit ɣar wufuɣ n usegg°as wis 19 ig iedan x tmettant n unaẓur ameqqran Sellam Arifi.
Ad bedden Yirifiyen, deg wassa wanitin, ɣar tiwalin-ines, ad dd-iydaren s udaḥi d usili n yiri marra iɣennijen ig ineqqeṭ x tebliwin n leud-ines ur ittreẓẓin, ur ittmettin eemmers.
Anaẓur-a « Arifi » i yuguren bla ma ad aneɣ ijj ci n wass d aneggaru i umsafaḍ kid-s s umeṭṭa n uxeyyeq d warub..
Wanitin umi ur sgeeeden iri-ines d yiri n yiɣennijen-ines ula d ict twala s tsemɣurt gi tudert-ines amenn netta iga min ur gin yeqrinen-ines g usiweḍ i tẓuri d wayda Arifi ɣar min stahellen..
Wanitin ig iccin akud-ines, tizemmar-ines, tiwalin-ines d llɣa-ines…, ḥuma ad as-iwc araq iknan i uɣennij Arifi..
Wanitin ig… wanitin ig… uxa d aṭṭas ig iga d min istahell ad xaf-s ittwanna.
Sellam Arifi.. bab n yimesli aleqqaɣ anarub (zeg « arub ») i dd-yulin deg yeḥsiyen n Arif mindeg terɣa tmexsa n tmurt d tyemmat s sin idsen, imesli yudsen ɣar buḥbel… Deg yimesli-ines, ɣur-s ict tḥajit ead ur tettwaf.. G uxezzer-ines, ɣur-s ict tfawt treqq ttwalan-tt yimexsan d yezlawiyen waha.
Ur kkireɣ ad sleɣ i marra iɣennijen-ines armi ɣa edan drus n wussan x tmettant-ines… ila ttesliɣ i yiɣennijen-ines gi temẓi-inu, maca ila ttdenduneɣ kid-sen waha bla ma ad ssneɣ bab nsen niɣ ad ssneɣ min snuffren gi tebratin-nsen.. uka ur t-ẓriɣ nican ittɣennaj armi dd ɣa tades tmettant-ines s drus n wussan wami t ɣa ẓreɣ ittɣennaj, g utilibizyun, aɣennij-ines « Yemma min dayi-yewwin ad raḥeɣ d arrayes » i dd-immeksin s yimesli d tewlaft zeg unmuggar n Xnifra… Zi ssinni i ɣa badareɣ gerrweɣ tisfifin-ines umi ɣar illa uraq d uslig deg wulawen n Yirifiyen, s uya i ɣa ksint araq d ameqqran g uxxam inu.
Zi « Yemma min d ay yuwin » armi uwḍeɣ ɣar uɣennij nni akessay « Yemma dayi-irebban », aɣennij ila illan am tezlit tamasɣant mig yirar mliḥ Sellam Arifi, yewwi-dd akid-s ixf-ines yimesli n tnaẓurt Miluda n Lḥusima, uxa ad ayi-yawi kid-sen ijj uskuti d uzgenfi d imeqqranen…
Uxa zeg wakud-nni, necc ur ttifeɣ ixf-inu ag yexf-inu ar ɣa iqqas buḥbel-inu tasɣart-ines n wass zeg yimesli n Sellam..
Tazdugi tasebḥant.. Aẓuyyet d yimezran imeqqranen.. maṛṛrra munen deg yimesli-nni aṣebḥan, uxa yak ad ilqeḥ yimesli anarub.
Mala tegnu tezdugi n ujenna-inek, uxa ur tufid wi tettexsed niɣ ur tufid ulah zi mindeg texsed ad txerrsed niɣ ad t teẓẓuyted gi tudert m yimunas, sdeedee imeẓẓuɣen-inek s uɣennij n Sellam, aqa tudert-inek ad tili, tikermin i uxerres, d taliwin d tebḥirin; dinni i kid-k ɣa tafed aɣanib jar yiḍewḍan, ad tafed tkessid-dd tadwat d tefray, tettẓemmid-dd tira x tmexsa tazeggʷaɣt ig issekmaḍen am warij, timexsa nni i dag-k ijjin iwezwizen i dak-itteqqsen melmi ma tekkred ad ten-teḥḥadid ḥuma ad zeg-sen teɣzid tiggaz x uqejqaj-inek, uxa ad dewlent tiggaz-inek d taliwin d tebḥirin ula d netnint..
Ih a Sellam! Mecḥal d tiɣuyyawin, mecḥal d azawer, mecḥal d axeyyeq i xaf-k ikkin.. ad cekk dd- iydaren yewdan-inek gi tmeddit tasallast mindeg ten-tesseɣred.. Cekk mix tuzzel tmettant zi tenfust-nni tasebḥant n tmexsa.. zi tenfust n talayt n yimesli-inek i ked lemden yineyba d tneyba…
Aqa cekk a dinn a Sellam! Aqa cekk dinn ay amerdas ur isemḥen gi tejwijt-ines, ad teqqimed tettnuquṛed dag-neɣ s uḍuqqeẓ n yimesli-inek am umerdas azayku i dd-innufeslen zeg wakud n unedlef d uftuttes d lemraḥ n Arif…
Cekk ruxa tugured, maca imesli-inek ead aqa-t kidneɣ, araq-inek ead irennu ireqq ass awarn i wass.
Yura-t: Sufyan Lhani


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Nerra Firefox d arurad akken ad tmahleḍ akken iwata.
Ulac win iḥemlen ahilen itetten ddeqs n tkatut! Firefox d iminig afessas (akka tura yelha). Imi n seqdac drus n tkatut RAM ɣef Chrome, ahilen-ikzemren ad ttwaselkamen war ma ḥebsen.
Tura aselkem n ddeqs n twuriwin ɣef tikelt d ayen fessusen s ddeqs n waccaren. Firefox tura d iminig aget-ikalan, ayen yebɣa ad d-yni d akken icceren-ik urmidenur ttawin ara aṭas n wakud akken ad d-alin. S daw n 86 % n uṛaǧu, ad tizmireḍ ad tedduḍ s zreb seg iccer ar wayeḍ ɣas tildiḍ-d ugar n yiccaṛen-nniḍen.
Mozilla tuɣ abrid n tneflit n tetiknulujiyin i d-yeldin abrid i wuraren 3D s tmellit iqerben ɣer tin n yisnasen ineṣliyen. Firefox ad yettheggi ad yeglu s twennaṭ-agi i wuraren srid: asenɣes n tgezmi, asali n wakud n tririt akked uṣeggem n tarrayt n wurar s useqdec n tunigin taruradt, tafessast.


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Awal n rebbi nna illan g lectab iqeddsen ittiyazen i midden kul ḥma ad isinn abrid nna issawaḍen ɣer rebbi. Lectab iqeddsen ittiyazen i teqbilin kul zigsent tiqbilin n imaziɣen: « Iddex qqaḥ unna yurzzun ad-as ittuc, d unna itqellaben ad yaf, aha innurẓem i unna idduqqan » (Matta 7:8). « S titt imqqur ssir n ttaqwa : unna-d iddan g ddat, ittuberrar s rruḥ, annaynt-t lmalaykat, ttuxebbern iss midden kul (aggwd imaziɣen), amenn iss g ddunit, aha ittuƹella g lƹezz » (Tabratt tamzwarut n timutawus 3:16).
Lectab iqeddsen la-x ittenƹat rebbi g tayri nnes aha yuc-ax linjil (aneɣmis iẓill) d lbarakat nna-d iteddun zigs : Iddex amci ayd ira rebbi midden allig yuca memmis aferdi (sidna ƹisa lmasiḥ) ḥma qqaḥ unna iss yumenn ur ittemtat ca maca a ttili ɣurs tudert n wabda (Raƹa yuḥanna 3:16.).
Sseɣd i lbarnamej n rradyu s tmaziɣt g lantirnit: « Ca n iwaliwen ihemman xef lectab iqeddsen ».


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简介:
热门影视 nnnnv:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}no:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}nw:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}n.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}nnn n n nnnnn n Normaln 0n falsen n n 7.8 磅n 0n 2n n falsen falsen falsen n EN-USn ZH-CNn X-NONEn n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n nn n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n nnnnnnn /* Style Definitions */n table.MsoNormalTablent{mso-style-name:普通表格;ntmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;ntmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;ntmso-style-noshow:yes;ntmso-style-priority:99;ntmso-style-parent:"";ntmso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;ntmso-para-margin:0cm;ntmso-pagination:widow-orphan;ntfont-size:10.5pt;ntmso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;ntfont-family:等线;ntmso-ascii-font-family:等线;ntmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;ntmso-fareast-font-family:等线;ntmso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;ntmso-hansi-font-family:等线;ntmso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;ntmso-font-kerning:1.0pt;}nnnnnnnn是的,无码片商カリビアンコム(加勒比)又捕捞到新鲜的鲍鱼了!那就是演出「Debut Vol.74 ~清楚に见えてセックス大好き!初AVで连続中出し~」的藤井みなみ(藤井美波),我们来看看文案怎麼介绍她的:首先,这位女优是个清楚系美白スレンダー美女(清楚系美白苗条纤细美女),有公主的气质;再来,正所谓一见牙齦其女必淫,她是一台公车,看对眼就可以上,在拍片前已经和超过200个男人上床,现在来到无码片商,看到男优粗壮的肉棒她是春心盪漾,马上腿张开开,迎接中出发射? 看看她在影片中的模样,OK吗?嗯,至少她和封面没太大差别,虽然下面黑了点,但我还可以啦;不过重点还是被カリビアンコム(加勒比)标记是Debut出道的她究竟是谁?真的是第一次在镜头前出鲍?当然?不是囉! 虽然有些女优是「初登场」,有些则是「Debut」,不过殊途同归,カリビアンコム(加勒比)现在没有开发初里(初无码演出)女优的实力,藤井みなみ(藤井美波)看似陌生,在有码界没有演出资歷,但对FC2无码卖家的爱好者而言她的身分并不是太难的问题:因为她不但和FC2卖家合作过,而且片子一大堆!早在去年2月的她就和FC2的无码卖家有了连结:番号FC2-PPV-1693887的作品「(新人国宝)初撮り綺丽系エースあゆちゃん降临!天然Eカップ美巨乳モデル并みの高身长167cmがっつり中出し. k8影院 热门影视 k8影院热门影视


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Indlas
Indlas[1] (Amyan ns : Andlus, s unamk n wanna d igan sg Landalus,s tsrɣint : الأندلس) tga yat tmazirt g umnẓaw n Uruppa, tsmun tmazirt n indlasn ass ad : Lbrtqqiẓ, Spanya d Udrar n Ṭariq. Illa tugt n wawwal f tmazirt n indlasn acku tkkatin ddaw ufus n imuslmn (Ayt Umayya, Ayt Lɛbbas, Imṛabṭn, Imwaḥdin), macc iṛumin aɣɣulnd srs, ssufɣn sgis imuslmn s wafud, nɣn kullu ma igan amuslm.
Tasnaẓɣuṛt :snfl
G tmaziɣt, timizar ar ttamẓnt assaɣ n imzdaɣ nsnt, zund ukan : iguzuln, iḥaḥan, iɣjdamn, ihntatn, iskurn. indlas dars anamk n imzdaɣ, ili dars ula anamk n tmazirt.


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Iddew amaziɣ
iddew amaziɣ (Assaɣ ussnan: Macaca sylvanus) d talmest n iɣersiwen yeṭṭafaren tawsit n iddew
Iddew amaziɣ d yiwen n iddew ur nli (ur nesɛi) asallaf yettidir deg idurar n Aṭlas deg tmurt n Iqbayliyen d Lezzayer d Umeṛṛuk d Gibraltar
Asemmi[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg waṭas n tutlayin yettwanefk-as-d uglam n Amaziɣ (Barbary) acku yettidir deg wakal n imaziɣen akken daɣen ila (yesɛa) ismawen n iden s Tmaziɣt amdya (Abaɣus, Azeɣṭuṭ, Abiddaw ...)
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ini n yiddew amaziɣ d aras imal ar tewṛeɣ ma d idis-is adday imal ar uzunɣid, Ini n wudem-is d azwawaɣ yeɣman (qessiḥen), Tiddi-ynes tafellayt i yezmer ad igmu 75 cm. Ma d azuk-is 13 kg, teɣzi n ifassen-is tugar agla n iṭarren-is
Amyaraw[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tasemhuyt n umercel n telmest-a tettili-d gar n wember ar Meɣres, Tawtemt tettarew-d anagar yiwen n iddew seld Tadist yettaṭafen gar n 147 ar 192 n wussan, iddew amaziɣ yezmer ad idder ar 20 n iseggasen


text:
Ig
Ig neɣ Iqq neɣ Ijj anaṭlas (Assaɣ ussnan: Pistacia atlantica) d yiwet n telmest n yisekla yeṭṭafaren tawsit n yijj.
Tilmas[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ismawen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Isem-is s latinit: Pistacia atlantica
- Isem-is s tefransist: Pistachier de l'Atlas
- Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Iqq, Bettum‘Étude botanique sur la Kabylie du Jurjura, avec catalogue’ - Aristide Letourneux - Imprimerie Nationale Française, Paris 1870
- Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt:
Isseqdac[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tiwelhiwin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ 'Amawal n Yemɣan - Lexique de plantes ' - Chabane Mohand u Remdane - Mémoire d'études en Agronomie - Université de Tizi ouzou (non daté ~années 80)


text:
Benyoucef risque 4 ans de suspension
L’ex-milieu de terrain de la JSK, Lyes Benyoucef, est sanctionné par la commission de discipline de la LFP depuis avant-hier...
Abdelghani Hamel auditionné aujourd’hui
L’ancien directeur général de la sûreté nationale (DGSN), le général-major, Abdelghani Hamel, sera auditionné aujourd’hui par le juge instructeur près le tribunal de Tipaza,...
D tefsut n Yimaziɣen, neɣ n Yiqbayliyen kan ?
Ass n 20 yebrir 2019 i d amulli wis 39 n Tefsut n ttmanyin, wis 18 n Tefsut Taberkant. D azemz i aɣ-d-yesmektayen ilemẓiyen-nni...
Yeḍra-d ubaxix d ameqqran deg ubrid
Teḍra-d tasebḥit n wass n, 22 yebrir iɛeddan, yiwet n twaɣit n ubrid d tageɛmirt i yeglan s 6 terwiḥiwin, tesseggra-d s 7 n...
Asfugel n tefsut n yimaziɣen
Tiddukkla Numidya n Wehran, ur tezgil ara ttiɛad n usfugel n Tefsut n yimaziɣen deg useggas-is wis 39, imi temmuger aya s yiwen wahil...
Ansi i d-yekka d wanida i iteddu umennuɣ n umussu !
Yella-d usmekti wis 39 n tefsut n yimaziɣen, ussan n 27 d 28 deg yibrir 2019, s yiwet n temlilit i tga tddukkla Tawacult...
Timlilit n ugraw CRAPES
Ass-nni n lǧemɛa yezrin 19 yebrir 2019, i d-tella temlilit tamezwarut n umazday n tidmi d tesleḍt tasertant d tdamsant akked tmettit (CRAPES) n...
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I lmend n usileɣ i d-thegga tddukkla Tiɣri n ugrud n waɣir n Bgayet, tekki tddukkla “Oxy-jeunes” s uselway-is, Mass Xaled Fuḍil akked tselwayt...
Tella-d temlilit n yiselmaden ...
Seld mi yekfa amahil-is umaswaḍ n tmaziɣt Mass Abdellah Arkoub deg twilayt n Tlemsan, yerza ɣer yiselmaden n Wehran tazwara n ddurt iɛeddan. Amahil...
Tafugla i usmekti s Mouloud Yarkal
Ass-nni n lǧemɛa yezrin 26/04/2019, tella-d tfuglan n usmekti n umerḥum Mouloud Yarkal, i wumi tettuɣal tejmilt s temsizzelt n ddabex uḍar. Ɣef 8h30...


text:
Ijjen wezgen d ameqqran zi tfeqqaɛ i dasen-yemsaren i Irifiyen, uqɛent di char n Kṭuber. Ad d-nfekker ila tagrawla n Arrif def useggas n 1958, tebda di Kṭuber. Tagrawla-ya i yareddej lmexzen bla arreḥmet di beddu n « uzarug », tejja ayezzim di tnefsiyt n Irifiyen s merra. Nettaf aya deg yizlan-nneɣ, tamuzikt-nneɣ…
Kṭuber d char i di ḥeryen Muḥsin Fikri deg uqamyu n wefraḍ, x-as i d-ikker unhezzi n Arrif. Mindi nettedder adu tili-nnes, ar lexxu ɛad. Zi 28 Kṭuber i d-tebda Taṭrajidiyt n Arrif n yiḍ-a aked lmexzen, ula kter awerni umi ittwaḥebbsen kter zi alef n Irifiyen s lmsibbet n unhezzi.
Qbel-nnes, ittwaneɣ Kamal Lḥessani deg Ayt Buɛiyyac, aterras tuɣa irezzu x lxedmet di tmurt-nnes, yuffu-d ittwaneɣ. Mayemmi ? Imeddukal-nnes ar lux ɛad wer ssinen. Mamec di char-a s yixef-nnes i di yemsar weḥmal n yiɣzar x imezdaɣ n Ddriwec. Yiwwi akid-s igelwan n imezdaɣ, yenɣa ca zzag-sen.
Amezruy n Arrif, d amezruy n tareẓẓiwin, imeṭṭawen, taṭrajidiyt… Wah, s tidet necca aɛmud mliḥ, maca waxxa qaɛ wer nelmid zeg umezruy. D wa d afeqqus. Mala neẓra mamec ttemsurrufen Irifiyen awarni i unhezzi n Arrif, ataf a nefhem ila ɛad ixess-aneɣ a nermed mamec ɣa negg a nexdem. Mamec i nzemmar a nili d nnumru yeqseḥ, mac ɣa negg a nweqqer aya d uya waxxa tili nemsebḍa deg uxarres.
D lweqt n lxedmet. Axarres deg yimal, maḥend a nali tsawent, waxxa tuɛar.
28.10.2020


text:
Tigzirin tiknariyin
Gant Tgzirin tiknariyin (Islas Canarias s tṣbnyulit) yan urkabil illan ɣ ugaraw aṭlanti. Tagzirt akkʷ yaẓn i Lmɣrib, taggug nn fllas s 100 km.
Aẓur n wawal[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Illa may ittinin mas d Kanaṛya tucka d zɣ tguri tamaziɣt "Taknarit".
Amzruy[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ɣ umzruy atra, ssutrn imzdaɣn n tgzirt n uknari azarug f tmazirt n Ṣbanya, sbddn amussu uzarug n tgzirin uknari (CIIM), amussu nna iṭṭafn anzway n radyu ɣ tɣrmt n Dzayr tamaẓunt tskr asrdas mgal tanbaḍt n Ṣblyun.
Issnti umussu uzarug ddu ufus n umɣnas Anṭunyu Kubillu ɣ usggas 1964. Illa waxxam nns ɣ tɣrmt n Dzayr tamaẓunt, tswassn sis tmgrawt n tamunt n tfriqt ɣ usggas 1968 .
Ɣ usggas 1978, iga umɣnas Anṭunyu Kubillu ḍaḥiyt n tarmit nna skrn iɣwwaɣn iṣblyuniyn nna igan anggaru i tudrt nns ɣ tɣrmt n Dzayr tamaẓunt. Tbṛṛḥ tnzwayt n rradyu n umussu i ugdud n tgzirin bac ad yurri s uẓur nns d usxddm n tutlayt tamaziɣt ɣ tudrt kullut. Dffir maya, itwassn ucnyal n umussu ɣ kigan n tmizar n umaḍal, amussu isbdd taɣnsa mgal tanbaḍt n Ṣbanya dffir ma tlla tmnaḍt n unbaḍ aymman i arxabil n uknari ɣ usggas n 1982. Dffir maya, fkan lɛfu i umɣnas amaziɣ Anṭunyu Kubillu yurrid s Ṣbanya aylliɣ immut.


text:
Tancra n lmasiḥ zeg lmut ayd igan yut n lmejrit nna igellben ddunit aha ibeddel ttarix abda. Ayyih, a wma, s titt lmasiḥ ikker zeg lmut g wass wis craḍ ḍart n lmut nnes amcinna inna cigan n tikkal d wamcinna itwarun g lectab iqeddsen (Matta 27:62-63 ; Luqa 24:13-27). « Iddex amcinna-d tedda lmut s yun uryaz, tedda-d tancra zeg lmut s yun uryaz. Amci da ttemtaten midden g adam ad idirr kul nnesen g lmasiḥ» (Tabratt tamzwarut n kurintus 15:21-22).
Tinḍelt n lmasiḥ ixwan la tcahad altu xef tancra nnes zeg lmut (Luqa 24:1-3 ; 13-27). Allig iḍḥer i imḥḍarr nnes cigan n tikkal (Luqa 24:36 ; Yuḥanna 20:19), ƹad ay aɣulen burzen ḥma ad asin tacƹalt n linjil aha zellƹen ineɣmisen issfraḥen waxxa tekka ɣifsen cigan n tmara. Cigan zigsen ttuƹeddeben, wiyaḍ mmuten xef liman nnesen am cigan n id luluf n wiyaḍ nna-d iddan ḍarasen.
Qbel ad izri lmasiḥ imḥḍarr nnes ḥma ad yali ɣer igenna yudja-yasen-d yut n luṣit takswat inna-sen: « Accmat gat imḥḍarr zeg mayd igan taqbilt, tɣeṭṭsem-ten s ism n ibba, d memmis, d rruḥ iqeddsen » (Matta 28:19).
Ferrej laflam-a :


text:
Tin Hinan
Tin Hinan d tagellidt n yitargiyen deg tasut tis 04 . tezga-d tmeqbert-is deg Aueẓruf Ameqran deg at Abalessadeguhaggar di tmurt n Lezzayer.
Tagellidt n Uhaggar[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tanfust[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Qqaren-as tikwal i Tin Hinan " tagellidt n Uhaggar " , qqaren-as yitergiyen Tamnukalt ayen id-emmalen "tagellidt" . Isem-is anamek-is d "tameṭṭut n yigiṭunen " , maca imusnawen n umezruy nnan-d belli anamek-is " d yemma-tneɣ akk "
Mmalent-d tmucuha tiqburin , belli Tin Hinan tella d "tageldunt irewlen " yedren deg tasut tis ukkuz ST . Terwel-d seg ugafa n Uneẓruf , nettat d yiqeddacen-ines teqqar-d tenfust belli qrib mmuten maca ufan-d kra n tgella deg wadeg i deg-ttidiren yiweṭṭufenn . Deg tenfust nniḍen ur nezmir ara ad namen akka am tmezzwarut-nni imi xuṣṣen-tt yifukal , Tin Hinan tella dinna d tagellidt tineslemt n udrum n Braber amaziɣ id-yusan seg Tafilalt deg yidurar n waṭlas di Lmerruk ɣer tama-s tella tqeddact qqaren-as Takmat . Deg tenfust , Tin Hinan tesɛa yelli-s (neɣ yelli-s n yelli-is ) , isem-is Kella , ma d Takmat tesɛa snat n yessi-s . Dderya-agi uɣalen d imarawen n yimucaɣ n Uhaggar . Ulsen-d daɣen fella-s belli tesɛa-d Tin Hinan kraḍ n tullas ( tsemma-asent s yismawen n yiɣersiwen n tneẓruft ) i yellan d timarawin n yitergiyen .
Timeqbert n Tin Hinan[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg tazzwara n tasut tis snat n tmerwin , iɛedda wakud ; aṭas id-yulsen tamacahut-is , aṭas i yumnen belli d tanfust daya . Akken yebɣu yili , deg 1925 , ufan yimnadiyen timeqbert-ines , ssulzen belli nettat teklla d awadem yeddren deg umezruy . Ur tebɛid ara ɣef Abalessa , Lezzayer , akken 1,000 lmilat ( 1550 ikilumitren ) ɣef unẓul n Lezzayer tamanaɣt


text:
Azeggi n tlalit
Azeggi n tlalit neɣ Iḍ n tlalit d yiwen n yiḍ iy zeggarayen ass n talalit, itteɣlay-d deg wass n 24 dujamber ɣer yilan ikritiyen utrimen, yakk d wass n 6 dujamber ɣer yilan ikritiyen isemranen.
Isem n yiḍ n tlalit yettuɣal ɣer wawal n yiḍ, acku di teswast tudayt n zik yella ibeddu degs wass seld n uɣelluy n tfukt, ihi d anecta yeǧǧan talalit ad tebdu deg deg yiḍ yezwaren ass n tlalit.
Yettili-d usfugel s uzeggi n tlalit deg waṭas n tmura d yideggan n umaḍal, anda i yeqqen s yimensi n tlalit d tmudemt n Baba Nwal yettwassnen s tenfusin-is d tufka-ines i warazen d yisefkan i warrac meẓẓiyen.


text:
Ahaggar
Idurar n Ahaggar (s tfinaɣ: ⴰⴱⴴⴴⴰⵔ) d yiwen azrar n idurar i d-ezgan di tlemmast n [[Aneẓč Uneẓruf Ameqran|Uneẓruf Ameqqran]] swaswa deg unẓul asemran n tmurt n Lezzayer. Tajumma-ines tessaweḍ ɣer 550.000 km² (ayen yegdan ⅕ n tjumma tummidt n Lezzayer), yerna yeẓẓel ɣef usaneṭ n uxenẓir i d-t-ibeṭṭun ɣef ugafa.
Isem[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Imucaɣ neɣ Imajeɣen (Imaziɣen n Uhaggar) ssawalen i yidurar-nni (Idurar Uhaggar), D isem i d-yekkan seg wawal Ahaggar (asget: Ihaggaren) i wumi qqaren Ihaggaren (Inublen/Ccerfa) gar Imucaɣ n temnaṭ-a.
Tarakalt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tamnaṭ tamedrart n Uhaggar ɣur-es tajumma azal n 540 000 km2, ugar tin n Fransa. Taqacuct n yidurar-a tella d Tahat, deg 3004 lmitrat af yilel.


text:
kkerkerVB [kkeṛkeṛ]
traîner ; se traîner
Flexions kkerkerttkerkirent kkerker ttkerkaremt yekkerker tettkerkar tekkrekremt ttkerkarent ttkerkir yettkerkir tettkerkiremt ttkerkar kkrekreɣ yettkerkar nekkerker tettkerkaremt yekkrekren ttkerkireɣ nettkerkir yettkerkiren kkrekret ttkerkareɣ ikkerker nettkerkar kkrekren yettkerkaren ttkerkiret ittkerkir ttkerkiren ttkerkaret tekkrekreḍ ittkerkar tekkrekrem ttkerkaren ikkrekren tettkerkireḍ tettkerkirem ittkerkiren kkrekremt tettkerkareḍ tekkerker tettkerkarem kkrekrent ittkerkaren ttkerkiremt tettkerkir
Sources kkerker
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982


text:
Tamesgida n el-Aqṣa
Tamesgida n el-Aqṣa (s tserɣint: المسجد الأقصى neɣ الجامع القبلي) d tamesgida tameqrant yakk di tama n Uṛacalim, akken i iga d amur seg wedrar n ufakan (maca mači akk s timmad-is). el-Aqṣa d tamsukt yettwallsen, d nnig-s tella yiwet n tkerbust n weldun, yezga-d s anẓul n wedrar n ufakan.
Yebnat-id Uxalifa Ɛumar Ibn Lxeṭṭab ass mi yenbez tamdint n Uṛcalim deg useggas n 636, dɣa d el-Aqṣa i d amẓalla (adeg n tẓallit) agejdan anda i d-temsegrawen imẓulla s deffir n yimam deg tẓallit n Lǧumuɛa deg tmesgida n el-Aqṣa.[1]
Llan waṭas n medden ttɣiken d akken Tamesgida n el-Aqṣa d tamesgida-nni yebnan kan s anẓul n tkerbust n weẓru, win deg wanda i tẓallan degs yirgazen semmus n tẓalliyin tura. Maca deg tidet, tamesgida n el-Aqṣa d ayen yellan yakk s agensu n weɣrab n tmesgida ula ma d isaragen-nni i s-izzin. Dɣa tajumma-ines s umata tga azal n 144000 m².[2]
TiwlafinẒreg
ImnirenẒreg
- ↑ Tamesgida taliktrunt: Tamesgida n el-Aqṣa. Archived 2017-05-11 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ di tmesgida n el-Aqṣa Archived 2017-08-22 at the Wayback Machine


text:
Tasut tis 21
Iseggasen 2000 | Iseggasen 2010 | Iseggasen 2020 | Iseggasen 2030 | Iseggasen 2040
Iseggasen 2050 | Iseggasen 2060 | Iseggasen 2070 | Iseggasen 2080 | Iseggasen 2090
Tasut tus 21 d tallit n wakud tebda deg wass n 1 yennayer 2001 ad tfakk ass n 31 dujamber 2100. Tawsit-a tga d tasut tamezwarut deg tangimt tis 3
Taswast[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Inelfuyen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg tsartit[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- 2001: tiytiwin n 11 ctember di Manhattan ayen id yeglan s 2 976 inemkasen (lmuta) d 6 000 n imagusen (wid yettwajerḥen)
- Amsenɣi n Afɣanistan igan d amur seg amsenɣi mgal taremmiɣt
- Isek agraɣlan ɣef usnefli asulan deg 2002 yesdukkel ugar n 100 n iselwayen n tmura d wazal n 60 000 n imdanen
- 2003: Asenti n Anbaẓ n Lɛiraq
- 2004: 10 n tmura letɣent (kecment) ar tiddukla n Uruppa
- 2008: Barack Obama yerna (yerbeḥ) deg tifranin n Marikan, s wakka ad yili d aselway aberkan amezwaru ara ad yeṭṭfen Marikan
- 2010- 2012: Asenti n tegrawliwin n tefsut taserɣint ayen id yeglan s uɣelluy n 4 n inagrawen
- 2011: Anfufed n umsenɣi aɣarim n Surya s usrag n tefsut taserɣint
- 2013: Tanekra n usuddes n uwanak ineslem


text:
Arereǧ
Arereǧ neɣ Arejraj (Assaɣ ussnan: Ruscus aculeatus) d yiwet n telmest meẓẓiyen n tmedkin timeɣlalin n tizzegzut tisnazduɣin yeṭṭafaren tawsit n urejraj deg twacult n tzikmin (neɣ n tsisanin s unect n usesmel aklasikan). Talmest-a tettemɣay-d deg yideggan yezzin i yilel agrakal.
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Asedger d yideggan n wemɣay[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Asemres[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tiwlafin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Imniren[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ẓeṛ daɣen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tilmas[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ 'Amawal n Yemɣan - Lexique de plantes ' - Chabane Mohand u Remdane - Mémoire d'études en Agronomie - Université de Tizi ouzou (non daté ~années 80)


text:
TAYET I WEƔMIS AYALAS TIƔREMT
Llan yeɣmisin s tefṛensist, s taɛṛabt. Llan aṭas! Aɣmis ayalas amezwaru di tmurt d « Tiɣremt » . Yeffeɣ-d 4 d abrid. Imdebṛen n tmurt ur neswi, ur nesɛi ara laɛnaya, medlen fell-as tiwwura n tsaswarin. Nnan-d, aɣmis-a a d-yeffeɣ s isekkilen n taɛṛabt, ad tsenndem ɣer-neɣ, ad terwum adrim. Ma tugim, a s-nerr timedlin. D tagi i taswiɛt-nneɣ a Yiqbayliyen, ay Imaziɣen!
Tiddukla Isekkilen di Kanada ssuddes-d timlilit i yellan d tayet i weɣmis ayalas Tiɣremt. Ddan deg ubrid n tira s isekkilen ilatiniyen. Nnan-d alla i yisekkilen nniḍen imi ayen yellan yura ass-a, yura s isekkilen ayi.
Tividyutin n temlilit Isekkilen
1. Tazwart
2. Awal n iɛeggalen n Weɣmis TIƔREMT
3. Awal n inaɣmasen d tidukliwin
4. Awal n inaɣmasen d tidukliwin
5. Awal n inaɣmasen d tidukliwin
AFUD DEG UFUS aken a nili!


text:
Deg iḍ n 25 uk d tsebḥit n 26 duǧember, ɣlin-d kra iḥedran n udfel di tqucac n tmurt taqbaylit ig-eeddan 700 n lmitrat (mètres).
Adfel yessa azal n 5 isentimitren di temnaḍin anda tattuyt (altitude) teedda 1000 n lmitrat, tewweḍ ar 20 isentimitren anda tattuyt teedda 1300 n lmitrat.
Nezmer ad n-ader kra n timnaḍin neɣ tudrin anda yessa : At Iraten, Micli, At Ziki, Ǧeefra, Derna, Adekar…
Kra n wid iqublen ǧerǧer, assa ttwali-t s wudem-is n tegrest, am yal sseggas yesleɣ d acebḥan.
Nessaram mačči tikelt tanegarut deg aywet udfel di tagrest n 2020/2021, imi di tin ieeddan ur d-ɣlin ara atas n waman, almi ɣilen imdanen tawaɣit. Akka xerttum ad swen yemɣan, ad čaren isaffen yak ad qwun-t tliwa.


text:
Yemmut bu tilɣatin yettwassnen, Míkis Theodorákis, i yessersen llɣa n tmuzikt n ufilem n Zorba aseggas n 1964 deg Watina x 96 useggas.
Mamec icrek Theodorákis di tnezbayt kunṭra i Inaziyen umi i dd-usin ɣer Tegrikt di girra tamaḍlant tis tnayen. Ttuɣa idwel la d netta d aberlmani. Mamec i t-tuɣa kunṭra i lɛesker di Tegrikt jar aseggas n 1967 d 1974.
Afilem n Zorba Agrik issawal x ijjen umara d Aglinzi di Tegzirt n Krit. Tbeddel tudert-nnes zegga yemsagar aked ijjen ufellaḥ qqaren-as Aliksis Zorba (Aléxis Zorba).
Timeẓrit-nni mani ttuɣa iceṭṭeḥ Zorba s leḥfa x weftas n lebḥer; d ijjen ufuṭu idwel yettwassen di tussna Tagrikt n yiḍ-a. Afilem-a ttuɣa yewwi tlata n tsemɣurin n wuskar, tamuzikt-nni dag-s tettwassen s waṭṭas, waxxa azgen n lqern i x-as iɛdan.
Tawzirt n tussna Tagrikt Lína Mendóni tura x twitter « Ass-a, iruḥ-aneɣ cwayt zi buḥbel n Tegrikt ». Tenna x Theodorákis ila « d bnadem i yejjin Igrikiyen ttɣennjen merra izlan ».
Theodorákis issers llɣa i tmuzikt n ufilem n Serpico aseggas n 1973. D ijjen uɣennij qqaren-as «Mauthausen Trilogie » i dd-iksin iwalen-nnes zeg ijjen tqessisin n ijjen zeg inni inejmen zi leḥbusat mani ttuɣa kerrfen wudayen.
Aɣennij-a n Anotnis zeg ufilem-nni idwel ittwassen ula ɣer Ifɣaniyen. Γennjen-t imezdaɣ n Kabul zegga dd-udfen Imarikaniyen ɣer Afɣanistan deg useggas n 2001.
Aɣennij-a s ixef-nnes i nettaf deg uzilem n « Z » deg useggas n 1969; i yettɛawaden x tḥajit n ijjen Ugrik d aẓelmaḍ nɣin-t.
Theodorákis yettwassen belli ttuɣa-t d aẓelmaḍ d acuyuɛi ca n twalatain. Yettwaṭṭef deg useggas n 1947, weddben-t deg umenɣi agarim i dd-yusin awernii girra tamaḍlant tis snat.
Iɣennijen n Theodorákis lebda ttuɣa dag-sen ssiyasa. Ittwaṭṭef aṭṭas n twalatin, mamec yettwassek ad yili d aḍlib.
Yettwassen netta ila lebda aqa-t aked uɣezdis n wegdud. Deg useggas n 2010 ttuɣa-t aked wegdud i ttuɣa ittbeddan kunṭra i usxinctar i tegga lḥukuma, itter zeg Uliman ad tewwec multa wami tḥewwes Agrik di girra.


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11:34:56 UTC
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text:
Leqdic n umdan yettbeddil aṭas tignewt, ixeddem tawaɣit tameqqrant. Lgaz i ikebblen lḥamu (neɣ akken qqaren s tefransist “gaz à effet de serre) i d-yessufuɣ umdan s leqdic-is, igellu-d s uzɣal n lqaea.
Timerniwt deg tezɣal n yigenni d igarawen, deg umaḍal irkelli, d ayen iwalan, i d-wekkden imassanen.
Isefka i icudden ɣer ubeddel n tignewt i ten-yettektilen d Tarbaet n yimazzayen tagernabaḍt n temhazt n tignewt (GIEC).
Akken i d-tenna tneqqist-nsen taneggarut n 2007, azɣal n tignewt ulac deg-s yakk asurdu, acku yettbin-d am yiṭij mi ara imuqel yiwen talluyt i d-yellan deg tezɣal tilemmasin timaḍlanin n yigenni akked igarawen, fessi i d-yeḍran i udfel d ugris, d talluyt n uswir alemmas n yillel.
Seg 1996 ɣer 2008, 11 iseggasen seg 12 d nutni i yeḥman yakk ugar seg 1850 ar ass-a. deg uzgen ufella n lqaea, iseggasen n 1990 d nutni i d tamrawt taḥmayant yakk deg umagim aneggaru (1998 i d aseggas aḥmayan yakk)
Elaḥsab n GIEC, tazɣelt n lqaea ad ternu s 1,8°C (aya ma yella leqdic n umdan yessenqes-d s waṭas deg usufeɣ n lgaz i ikebblen lḥamu) ar 4°C (war asenqes deg usufeɣ) sya ɣer 2100.
Timerniwt deg tezɣelt ur d-tḍerru ara kifkif yakk deg tamiwin n umaḍal: deg Usfaylu Ugafa, tizɣal tilemmasin n 10 iseggasen ineggura rnant s sin imuren deg tɣawalt ɣef tamiwin nniḍen n umaḍal. tizɣal n sufella n permafrost (tama yezgan tegurres) ulint s 3°C deg 20 iseggasen-a ineggura.
Tazɣelt talemmast n igarawen tennerna s waṭas, dɣa aya iḥuza ula 3000 m deg telqayt. D igarawen i ijebden ugar n 80% n lḥamu i d-yernan I unagraw n tignewt. Fessi n idurar n ugris d ujbad i s-d-iḍerrun i waman seddaw lḥamu, aya yettaǧǧa aswir n ugaraw ad yali: akken i d-qqaren, talluyt sya ar 2100, ad d-tili s 0,18 m ɣer 0,59 m ɣef wakken tella deg tmiḍi i ieeddan.
Ayen i d-yessegray uzɣal n tignewt i umdan d twennaṭ d ayen yessaggaden.


text:
irxisVB [iṛxis]
être ou devenir bon marché, pas cher, vil, bas, digne de mépris
Flexions irxisnirxis rxiseɣ yirxisen ttirxisemt tettirxis irxis ttirxisent yirxis irxisen rxiset ttirxis yettirxis tettirxisemt irxiseɣ tirxisem rxiseḍ rxisen ttirxiseɣ nettirxis irxiset yettirxisen tirxis irxisent rxisit ttirxiset ittirxis ttirxisen tirxiseḍ tirxisemt rxis nerxis tettirxiseḍ tettirxisem irxisemt ittirxisen
Sources irxis
- BOUAMARA Kamel, Issin : Asegzawal n teqbaylit s teqbaylit, Editions l'Odyssée, Tizi-Ouzou, 2010


text:
Domenico Ghirlandaio (1449 – 11 yennayer 1494) ikka-t-nn iga yan umekla awṭalyan, ikellun ammas n Tleslalit (attayen n 1400-1600) g Flurinsa. Ikka-t-inn istawhemma kigan azemz n Tleslalit. Yaɣul aseggʷas n 1480 amm yimek nna d anaẓur n portraits unṣib ɣur yinesbuɣar n Flurinsa. Ikka-t-inn yamu Ghirlandaio g uyenna mi ttinin "tis-kraḍt tasut" n Tleslalit Tawflurinsiyt, netta akked Verrocchio, aytmaten Pallaiolo d Sandro Botticelli. Isala Ghirlandaio yan ustudyu imeqquren isugren g amunen aytma-s s sin-idsen Davide akked Bendetto Ghirlandaio, aslif-nnes Bastiano Mainardi u San Gimignano, d memmi-s Ridolfo Ghirlandaio ḍart. Kkan-d mennaw yimeḥḍaren astudyu n Ghirlandaio, seg-sen Michelangelo nna bahra ittwassnen. Tamu tmefkiyt n Ghirlandaio s wuẓlay g tzemmar-nnes s issuguz iglamen n tudert azemz-nnes, d tefsirin n wawriken jaj isatalen n yimallasen isegdanen allu, taɣawsa nna as-d-ifkan yat ccenɛet igan takeswatt d wagudi n tseqqimin tixatarin.
Tudert d twuriwin-nnesEdit
Iseggʷasen-nnes imezwuraEdit
Ilul-d Ghirlandaio amm Domenico di Tommaso di Currado di Doffo Bigordi. Nettan ayd igan amaẓuẓ nger sḍis yicirran ɣur Tommaso Bigordi seg tmeṭṭut-nnes izwaren Antonia di ser Paolo Paoli; ger wid, ɣas Domenico d collaborators n aytma-s Davide d Bendetto Ghirlandaio ayd inejmen seg tamẓi-nnsen. Yuru Tommaso sin wazzanen-yaḍnin akked tmeṭṭut-nnes tis-snat, igan awed nettat s yisem Antonia, iwwel-tt aseggʷas n 1464. Alessandra, ultma-s n Domenico seg tesga n bba-nnes, tiwwel yan umekla Bastiano Mainardi aseggʷas n 1494. Ikka-t-inn baba-s n Ghirlandaio akked ɛemm-is s sin-itsen gan setaiuolo a minuto (itejjaṛen n taḍut d yisekkin id-s zdinin s tesmektiwin drusnin).
Issneɣmes-aɣ Giorgio Vasari mas t-inn-ikka Domenico g tizwiri-nnes da ittelmad ɣur baba-s nna igan adhaybi akud-ann. Icebber nickname n "Il Ghirlandaio" (Ameskar n Garland) g Domenico s tɣarast n baba-s, nna t-inn-ikkan ittwassen kigan s usgadda-nnes n waddalen n yiɣfawen ittwaskaren s garland, yiẓli wanaw-ad n tmelsa s yist Flurinsa. S wawal n Vasari, isnulfa Domenico tifsirin n yimegguren d yinerzaf n tḥuna : "ikka-t-inn ur da ittajja awed yan bla ur t-iɣʷi s taccitat-nnes adday da ittili ar ikellu g ayt tmazirt neɣ kraygatt yan ikkan astudyu-nnes. Izri tigira ɣur Alesso Baldovinetti ad ilmed ɣur-s d ad izerru taklut d tmuẓayikt. S wawal n umussnaw n umezruy n tẓuri Günter Passavent, ikka-t-inn da ittelmad g Flurinsa ɣur Andrea del Verrocchio.
Tiwuriwin timezwura g Flurinsa, Ṛuma d TuskanyaEdit
Yuyel Ghirlandaio g yigenna n teklut n yid fresco, d tallusin-nnsen nna s bahra ittwassan. Telkem-tt-id yat tseqqimt tazaykut g temrawant n 1470 sɣur Tɣiwant n San Gimignano afadd isdikuṛi Chapel n Santa Fina g Teglizt Collegiate n temdint-nna. Qquman id fresco ar dig-sen swurrin seg 1477 ar 1478, da mmalan snat temsarin timkerranin zdin d tmettant n Fina Tagʷrramt.
Aseggʷas n 1480, ikʷla Ghirlandaio "Jerome Agʷrram g usira-nnes" amm yan ugezzum ittmunan d "Augustine Agʷrram g usira-nnes" ittuɣulen ɣer Botticelli ammas n Teglizt n Ognissanti, Flurinsa. Ikʷla allu yat tfelwit i Imensi Aneggaru s tiddi-nnes tagamant aguns n tmeṣriyt n wutci. Seg 1481 ar 1485, ittukellaf s yid fresco ammas n Palazzo Vecchio, iklu allu tama n twuriwin-yaḍnin yat Apotheosis n St. Zenobius (1482) g Sala del Giglio, yat twuri yugren tiddi tagamant akked yan usati ittusmettagen s tmesdagt, g amunen idsen wudmawen n wasaḍen iṛumiyen d yifruriten-yaḍnin nna ur ilin assaɣ d usged/ddin.
Aseggʷas n 1481, iɣra wis-kkuẓ Ibabaten i Ghirlandaio ad igulu Ṛuma afadd yamu g yan ugraw n yimeklawen d-kkanin Flurinsa d Umbria, nna mi ikellef netta s usennulfu n yan useddi n yid fresco nna immalan idsen yibabaten d idsent tmuɣliwin seg testamemts qburnin d wid imaynutnin g yiɣerban n Chapel Tasistint. Ikʷla Ghirlandaio Vocation n Apostles. Ikʷla awed Resurrection n Umasiḥ tanna yucckan dɣi. Da as-zeddin allu The Crossing of the Red Sea, meqqar da ttemsasa tfelwit-ad uggar d tmamekt n Cosimo Roselli nna t-inn-ikkan awed netta yamu g tseqqimt igan yat. Ittwassan Ghirlandaio s mas isnulfa mennawt twuriwin-yaḍnin ammas n Ṛuma, jlant dɣi s umata-nnsen. Aslif-nnes Sebastiano Mainardi, yuwes-as g tseqqimin-nna d yid fresco izaykutnin ammas n San Gimignano, mani da ittuyanna mas ikʷla dig-s Mainardi yan Annunciation, nna ittuɣulen kra n tikkal s Ghirlandaio.
Aseggʷas n 1484, yura yan umeggay n Ludovico il Moro i bab-nnes tabratt, da isnummul dig-s tiwuriwin n yinaẓuren iferḍiyen nna yad iẓra g Flurinsa : "iga Domenico Ghirlandaio yan umekla iɣudan g yifil, d yan iɣudan uggar g fresco n yiɣerban; tɣuda tmamekt-nnes kigan aha da ittmuss g yiger-nnes."
Tiwuriwin-nnes tiḍefranin g TuskanyaEdit
Ger 1482 d 1485, ikʷla Ghirlandaio yat tewnist n fresco g Chapel Tassisit n Santa Trinita i ubankan Francesco Sassetti, anemhal aneddabu n ubank n Medici, whose Rome branch was headed by Giovanni Tornabuoni, patron n Ghirlandaio d-iddan. Tga tewnist-ad tin sḍist tmuɣliwin seg tudert n Ugʷrram Francis n Assisi, tili dig-sent tanna d yumeẓ sɣur Ubaba Honorius Approval of the Rules of His Order, Tamettant d Obsequies n ugʷrram d yat Resuscitation n yan memmi-s n ayt Spini, nna immuten llig iḍer seg yan useṛzem.


text:
Tizizwit
Tizizwit (Asget: Tizizwa), (assaɣ usnan: Anthophila) d aburɣas yeṭṭafaren tafesna n tedlafriwin, Tawuri-ynes d afares n tamment d uɣrum n tzizwa d ufarer, Ar tura ttwasnen-t wazal n 20.000 n telmas ttidiren-t deg yakk imenẓawen n tegnit anagar Antraktika, Ɣas akken azgen ameqran n telmas d timettyin maca llan-t waṭas n telmas n iden d timsufin (ttidiren-t iman-nsent). Tizizwa n tamment yakk i d tawsit yettwassenen acku d talmest id yettaken tamment i wefgan
Tamhazt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tizizwa d asmil id yekkan seg twacult n yirẓaẓen ikarbuniden yellan d iburɣas imursanen
Tizizwa d ufgan[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Seg zik yella ubaɣr amyaɣ (nnfeɛ yettmbadlen) gar n ufgan d tzizwa
Asuji s tzizwa
Tuqqsa n tzizwa


text:
Leqdic adelsan i yuɣalen ɣer deffir ɣef teɣzi n useggas-aya tura, ḥebsen yisaragen, timezgunin, timeɣriwin n ccna …atg. D aṭṭan-nni amcum i d ssebba, iger-d iɣallen i umaḍal, gar-asen tamnaḍt n Leqbayel. Maca akken yebɣu yili, mačči s wayen n diri kan i d-yegla imi lulent-d tigawin yelhan ; d tid yecban tallelt d uzeṭṭa n tegmat gar yimdanen. Tegla-d yid-s tallit-a ula s leqdic adelsan s wudem amaynut. Tira d tvidyutin deg uzeṭṭa inmetti i yuɣalen d ifri uɣur i d-ttemlilin wid ifuden idles d tira. Deg tallit-nni n lekmin i d-tlul yiwet n “Tcemlit”, d tin iwumi zdin iɣallen aṭas seg wid yettarun, iḥemmlen ad d-awin amaynut s tikta ur nettfakka. Dɣa tlul-d “Tcemlit n Tefsut Imaziɣen”, deg wayyur n Yebrir 2020, aggur kan, ḍefrent-d snat-nniḍen “D tajmilt i yinaẓuren Lwennas d Yidir”, d ticemliyin i d-yeffɣen deg wagguren n Mayu d Yunyu 2020, imi ulamek ara yili leqdic deg unnar, yella-d s ttawil-nniḍen, ur ixuṣṣ ara deg ubaɣur i swayes i d-yegla. D iḍrisen ilelliyen n tsekla, d tinagiyin, d isefra d wayen-nniḍen. Aṭas n yimura i yellan akka imir-a deg unnar-a i d-yerran i tiɣri.
Uran-d, sumren-d tikta-nsen, rran-d i teɣri i d-iger deg uzeṭṭa inmetti Facebook, Mass Remḍan Ɛebdenbi, d netta i iqeɛden iḍrisen, yerra-ten s talɣa PDF, iga-as-d unuɣen icebḥen, akken ad yeɛǧeb i yimeɣriyen. Ticemliyin yezrin, ulamek ara kfunt neɣ ara ḥebsent, ur d-gellunt ara s tayeḍ. Tagi d “Tacemlit n Yennayer”, I lmend n umagger n yixef n useggas n Yimaziɣen 2971, iberreḥ-d daɣen win i d-yefkan tikti, imi Yennayer n useggas-a ur d-yelli ara s tuget deg unnar, ɣef tmentilt n waṭṭan-nni dima, ayɣer ala ur yettili ara s tikti-nniḍen. Leqdic i yetturajun ad yuɣal ɣer udlis s talɣa PDF, ad yewjed i wusan i d-iteddun. Deg-s ad naf aṭas n yiḍrisen n yimura i d-yerran i teɣri. D taḥawact n yiḍrisen ilelliyen ɣef Yennayer, ɣef Cacnaq, ɣef umezruy d useggas amaynut 2971. Ad ilin yisefra iqburen, awal n tyemmat, tigemmi, tikti, asumer, tamuɣli d rray aḥerfi. D leqdic ara yilin gar yifassen-nneɣ, d win kan i ibanen ad d-yernu amur-is n ubaɣur i yidles Amaziɣ.
Aɣerbaz deg usiher i usfugel n Yennayer «2971»
Ɣas qrib aseggas segmi yeḥbes leqdic adelsan s taɣulin-is yakk, aṭṭan n covid-19 mazal ur yeffiɣ ara seg umaḍal n talsa s wudem unṣib, mazal akukru, d netta i d tamentilt yerran idles ɣer deffir, deg tallit-is yenqeṣ leqdic.
Maca s tisin d umager n yixef n useggas n Yimaziɣen, ulamek ara zeglen Leqbayel d Yimaziɣen asiher ameqqran am Yennayer. D aneḍruy i d-yettuɣalen s tumert yal aseggas, d win umi ggaren iɣallen Yimaziɣen s tuɣalin ɣer laṣel d ucuddu deg tnekkit.
D annect-a i yeǧǧan ula d inelmaden d yiselmaden, imasayen d yinemhalen n yiɣerbazen s kraḍ n yiswiren ad gen leqdicat yemxalafen ɣef teɣzi n yimalas, ladɣa segmi i d-tceyyeɛ teɣlift n usedwel ulɣu i wakken ad d-yili usfuggel n uneḍruy-a. Nwala-d ama deg yizeḍwa inmettiyen, ama di kra n tiliẓriyin, leqdicat idelsanen i d-yellan ilmend n waya ; d ccna, d amezgun, isefra, inzan, tiwin d usenɛet n tɣawsiwin tiqburin i icudden ɣer wansayen n lejdud, tuččit yemgaraden i d-yersen deg yimraḥen n yiɣerbazen, talusi n tqendyar d teksiwin i teqcicin d yiqeccabiyen d yibrenyas i warrac.
Ur ilaq ara ad yettwasfugel Yennayer s wudem afulkuri
Ayen i as-yernan deg wazal i Yennayer deg uɣerbaz, d akken iselmaden ur ttun ara tigin n temsirin n umezruy n Yennayer, d usefhem i yinelmaden anamek d tmentilt d wacu uɣur icud umenzu n Yennayer, akken ur yettɣimi ara di ccḍeh kan d ccna, neɣ s unamek-nniḍen s wudem afulkluri. Akken, inelmaden ad ḥṣun s umezruy-is, ad ẓren belli tafada n Yimaziɣen d tin i icudden ɣer wakal, seg-s ay d-tettek tudert. Yal aseggas ad t-id-smektin, acku d inelmaden n wass-a i d imal n uzekka, wa ad tt-yeqqar i wa. D arrac n wass-a i d irgazen n uzekka, d wigi ara yawin asafu n yidles, n tgemmi, n tutlayt. Tasuta ad tesselmed tayeḍ, lǧil ad yerfed wayeḍ, aɣref Amaziɣ ɣer yiswi-s ad yaweḍ.
Ɣabent tdukkliwin, yeḥḍer Cacnaq
Ɣas ma yella Yennayer n useggas-a, ur kkint ara deg-s s tuget tdukkliwin tidelsanin ɣef tmentilt n waṭṭan i d-yersen, d tewtilin i tent-icudden, maca llan-d wahilen ɣas d imecṭaḥ sya u sya, am tigin n usebdad ameqqran n ugellid Cacnaq di temdint n Tizi Wezzu. D win i mmugren yimezdaɣ n tmurt n Leqbayel s lferḥ, s tirza-nsen ɣer umkan d tuṭṭfa n tugniwin ar tama-s. D ayen i d-yessebganen azal n uneḍruy yecban Yennayer, i yettwasfugulen deg yiseggasen-a ineggura deg merra tamiwin n tmurt n Lezzayer akked tmura n Tefriqt Ugafa d tmura n lberrani, i usuffeɣ n tgemmi d yidles imaziɣen yellan d iqdimen n lqedma ɣer umaḍal.
Tacemlit n Yennayer, d abaɣur-nniḍen
Aṭṭan-a amcum i d-yegren iɣallen i umaḍal, gar-asen tamnaḍt n Leqbayel, mačči s wayen n diri kan i d-yegla. Imi lulent-d tigawin yelhan ; d tid yecban tallelt d uzeṭṭa n tegmat gar yimdanen. Tegla-d yid-s tallit-a ula s leqdic adelsan, tira tividyutin deg uzeṭṭa inmetti, i yuɣalen d ifri uɣur d-ttemlilin wid ifuden idles d tira. Deg tallit-a n lekmin i d-tlul Tcemlit, umi zdin iɣallen aṭas seg wid yettarun, iḥemmlen ad d-awin amaynut s tikta ur nettfakka. Dɣa tlul-d Tcemlit n Tefsut Imaziɣen, Tajmilt i yinaẓuren Lwennas d Yidir, imi ulamek ara yili leqdic deg unnar, yella-d s ttawil-nniḍen, ur ixuṣṣ ara deg ubaɣur i swayes i d-yegla. Armi i d-yewwi yid-s ula d Tacemlit n Yennayer ara yilin akka gar yifassen-nneɣ, d tin kan i ibanen ad d-ternu amur-is n ubaɣur i yidles Amaziɣ.
Khaled Achoui


text:
Azgen Amzwar: Tamɣart gi lḥirak n Arrif (1)
Azgn zg umnni a ila uriɣ t ci n sin n isggʷasn zggʷami, ittwafsar gi tzwara n udlis « jr n tnifst d tmssi, asirm ur ixssi, awal ur ikssi), zdat ins ittwafsr gi tsɣunt Nisae. Azgn nnɣni uriɣ t iḍa.
Zdat n lḥirak
Zdat n tmnɣiwt n Muhsin Fikri, iwdan n Arrif ila twwḍ gsn ar yiɣs. ẓẓlḍ, warlxdmt, tirrẓa n tirja n Arrif, gi tgumi, x iẓra n ixrriqn n wi ittḥkamn. G umkan n tuzzgzwt llajur, g umkan n lxdmt tifawin ittbsissiqn, g umkan n tdlsa isnsutn d isccutn. Bnadm arifi iqqim d wnni, layas isɛan iwdan ad nɣn ixf nsn niɣ ad ucn ixf i yilel ad as drrɛn as tisfay ḥuma ad awḍn ar ujmmaḍ in niɣ ur ttiwḍn. Xlli g ufaysbuk tifraz n ci istartur ila bdant ttbanent idd s tzmmimin, ifidyutn…
Manaya ittkkn x ufgan arifi ittaɣ g irgazn ittaɣ gi tmɣarin, kif kif. Nẓra timɣarin zmmnt gi llistat n ulqaḍ n lxrif gi Sbanya mani xsnt ittk sbɛa d rbɛa, timɣarin ḥrrgnt gi tɣrruba, timɣarin xmdnt lxdaym n ddll d usḥqr, … Wami ittwanɣ Muhsin Fikri, iwdan ila wjdn, aqa tn x lsbab, s urgaz s tmɣart. Muk ittwanɣ Muhsin Fikri ula d ntta, issnhzz alliɣ n takayt, s lḥugra, ila iqqimn tlbt ar irgazn d tmɣarin nnɣni.
Tinin d tina, d tinni ila iwjdn zi mlmi, d tina d timɣarin i yucin i lḥirak udm d amaynu g umzruy n inhzzitn n Arrif. Udm n umquddi d usmuni.
Tifraz n lḥirak
Lḥirak n Arrif, waxxa ilul dd muk dd ilul, zg umzgaru issrs ddsas i ci n tfraz ur tnt nennim g inhzzitn nnɣni iɛdan. Manaya bddn ɣrs imrzutn d tmrzutin s usfsi, ɛad ad ɣrs bddn, nc ɣir ttidarɣ dd ci zgsnt, amuk nẓrr zi lagwwaj d muk tnt idd ṣṣiwḍn imɣnas d tmɣnas n lḥirak, ḥuma ad iban uswizi n tmɣart:
– Lḥirak d acɛbi.
Lḥirak n Arrif ur illi n ijjt n tgrawt n iwdan waha amaknaw inhzziyn mix ssiwlɣ g uzgn amzgaru n umnni a. Zi wass amzgaru udfn gs iwdan zi ṭtrf. ɣrin niɣ ur ɣrin, qqarn niɣ xddmn, zi kul aklaṣi n lxdaym d iswirn n tɣuri, mẓyn niɣ mɣrn, ɣrsn tizmmar kmlnt niɣ d imɛḍar, zi tmdint niɣ zi lkambu. Waxxa aswizi, gs, ila imṣbḍa zi bandm ar wnnɣni, maca lḥirak yuca asn awal i ywdan ila ur ttiwḍn ar « umikrufun » i kssin imɣnas n wahli. Awal nsn d wnni d awal i ttfhamn iwdan ur iɣrin. Ur gs bu umawal iqsḥ niɣ yujr tizmmar n lfhamt nsn niɣ iggʷj x tudrt nsn. D manaya i issidsn lḥirak ar iwdan, ijj it ad izdɣ ulawn nsn.
– Lḥirak d ilelli x ikabarn d tmsmunin:
Mix dd yusa lḥirak d min ittettr d iwdan i t isbddn ur iqqin ar ula d ijj n unsfar asrtan/abulitik (projet politique) n ci n ukabar gi lmɣrib. Manaya ila qqarn t lbda imɣnas d tmɣnas n tgrawt ibddn x lḥirak. Tismin x timanit n lḥirak ila d timqqranin. Tamslayt a, tgga asn imxumbal bzzaf n twalatin, maca imcrak d tmcrak tɛjb asn mizi ila uẓan ɣrsn ikabarn i d asn ibbkn x wul zi mlmi, ur d asn ggin walu.
– Lḥirak issara Arrif ikml. Maci innuɣ ɣir gi tmdint n Biyya niɣ timdinin nnɣni. Yuca i ldcur, inni yudsn d inni iggʷjn. Yudf tudrin tirifiyyin ijjtn ijjtn. Isnhzz ulawn n tmɣarin d irgazn mani ma. Ismun tiwacunin x tirjit d ijjtn.
– Aswjd d uxmmem ila rid nnuffrn (lbda ɛla ḥsab min dd tṣṣiwḍ tracca n wantirnit). Ila ttuqiɛn g imukan rẓmn, izmmr ad gsn icark wi ixsn. ɛawd ila smutuyn dd imsaggarn gi llayf amuk ɣa ssnen, marra imzdaɣ d tmzdaɣ n umaḍal azgza, min din. Manaya irnu issids lḥirak ar ulawn d lɛql n iwdan n Arrif, isshwn acrak n widan, timɣarin d irgazn, dags.
Axzzar ajindari gi lḥirak n Arrif
Axzzar ajindari gi marra min ittwaggn s uflla n tmurt ikssi amnus i tmslayin a:
Wi ittggn? Ma tcrk tmɣart ag wargaz gi min ittwaggn niɣ tḥṭṭar am tnbjiwt waha. Manaya ittawi anɣ ar ijjt n tmslayt nnɣni. Ma rzzun tamɣart i twlaft, ḥuma ad ittwanna qa min ittwaggn ibna x umquddi jr n tmɣart d wargaz, niɣ rzzun tamɣart i tmɣart? Tamɣart ma tggn as g umkan, nttat ur din tlli niɣ aqa tt din maca tettfurruj waha, ma tettgg ula d nttat i ixf ins d iwdan nnɣni.
Gi lḥirak waxxa ma imkn tamɣart ila ur ɣrs bu ufus gi tanukkra tamzgarut, maca zi ssin tsawnt, nufa timɣarin aqa tnt ag uɣzdis n irgazn ssawalnt, ttggnt ul g iwdan, sswjadnt macca, snbjiwnt imɣnas idd ittasn zg imukan iggʷjn, ttffɣnt idd gi llayf, ttṣwwarnt, smuttuynt idd inɣmisn, atg. Miyya gi miyya, kkint dd dg iẓra x ubrid a i wwint. Ulabud din iwdan imkn ur qbiln x ucrak nsnt, amuk ittmsar manima. Maca mala nwwi x min nẓra d min nsla, ila ɣrsnt amuk qqarn awal d tmijja (voix et vote). Timgahrin a rid udrusnt, nssawal x waṭṭaṣ n tmɣnas zi kul amkan gi Arrif, udfnt gi min ittwasmman s tgrawt isswjdan. Acrak n tmɣart gi lḥirak ila xs amstfaq d amqqran (lijmaɛ) jr n iwdan. Marra nɛql x cciɛar i kssin lbda, ɛad lux kssin t: tahiyya nidaliya llimar2a rrifiya. Ila nttsla i wi iqqarn qa aydud arifi irra dd tnni taqdimt wami ila tamɣart tbdd ag wargaz g ussan n tnzbayt niɣ wami ila timaziɣin bddnt g udm n iḥwwasn.
Ag usqsi « wi ittggn lḥirak » yugl usqsi x wikd ila ssawaln imɣnas d tmɣnas n lḥirak xmi ssawaḍn tibratin nsn i waydud. Ma ssawaln/t xlli ag tmɣart niɣ ḥssbn/t ila argaz ismun kulci. Wa d ijj n uɣzdis ixssa as ɛawd tarzut d ussli i yinawn iɛdan. S tazzla, nzmmar ad nini ila kulci idnɣ nɛql ila inni d tinni issawaln lbda qqarn aytma/suytma. Drus mani tettun « suytma ». Ad nidar tmijja n Nabil Ahamjik ntta itɣnnaj « jina u ḥtajjina » ulabud ila ad yini « fus g fusu a irgazn n tlelli, fus g fus a timɣarin n tlelli ». Maca ɛad ixssa ad scmxn amawal n umquddi gi marra tiguriwin d uxzzar ajindari s usmuti n isntal izdɣn alli d wul n tmɣart tarifit.
Muk t ttggn? Qqaɛ min yudfn g uswjd d usnbji d ulaɣi … i lḥirak, ma iksi gs amnus i tmɣart ḥuma ad xs isshwn acrak gs ma lla. Tifraz n lḥirak mix ssiwlɣ s nnj, arẓam ins i marra iwdan min ma ɛnan, muk ma illa uswir nsn n tɣuri, mani ma zdɣn…, ila d aɛraḍ i tmɣarin ad ilint g ijj n unhzzi ttqiddan gs qqaɛ iwdan. Manaya ittijja timɣarin ad gsnt yili imzri ad ilint g ummas n tmskanin ur gsnt bu lfrz d usɣḍl zi ccan n ḥdd. Tawlaft n tmaɣart tamɣnast ur tqqim tnnuɣ ɣir g ijj n uklaṣi: tamɣart iɣran, issawaln taɛrabt tjhd s wawaln jhdn… Awal n wul zi walliɣ n ttamara d wnni d awal ila ittawḍn. Imkn ula d asttf n tmɣarin wḥḥdsnt x uzllif n inhzzitn isslɣeɣ ul n irgazn, ikks asn tiggʷdi zg umxllaṭ, amuk isɛan timɣarin ittsdḥan niɣ ttagint x umxllṭ ad crknt, waxxa maci kulci timɣarin ila ttmunent ar umzgaru n tmskanin. Nttzmmam x lḥirak d irgazn n lḥirak ila min kkin iwdan ttfɣn ɛmmars ur innɛdd ḥdd x ci n tmɣart, awqqar ila d amqqran i tmɣarin gi lḥirak.
Maci kulci rbunt ddql d ijjn gi lḥirak, maca nzmmar ad nini drus i iqqimn gi tudrin zi tmgahrin n Arrif. D tidt din imukan mani ɛmmars ur tffiɣ tmɣart. maca din ula d imukan ɛmmars ila ur gsn tffiɣ, gi lḥirak txdm itt. Ixssa ɛad tarzut (mala ur tt iggi ḥdd) gi ttafaṣil n uswjd a: ma akud d umkan n imsaggarn ila ittwalam timɣarin, ma amur n wawal n tmɣart ila ttwqqarn tn amuk ttwqqarn amur n irgazn, ma ttggn s wawal n tmɣarin amuk ttggn s wawal n irgazn, ma tssawal anct i ssawaln irgazn, atg. Muk ma igga lḥal, nẓra timɣarin ḥḍrnt g imsaggarn, amuk ḥḍrnt gi tmskanin, igrawn imqqranen, ifidyutn, lmineṣṣa, tracca n umṣawaḍ imtti, atg.
Min ttggn/t?: Ma gs amnus n tmɣart iḥḍar ma lla: marra isnfarn (lmacariɛ) gi muk ma igga igr, mala ur gs amnus n tmɣart am ijjtn zg uydud, ataf d anqsi, ur issiwiḍ mani. Amnus n Arrif d tidt icrk, rid n wargaz wḥḥds. Maca din imunas qqnen ɣir ar tmɣart, ttijjan tikli ins ad tili tdql ktar zi tnni n wargaz. Amquddi g izrfan (arnddad n lqanun), amquddi gi ttxlist x lxdmt xmi tettili d ijjtn, asggd n ccuruṭ n lxdmt, ashwn n wadaf n tmɣart ar tɣuri d lxdmt d ucrak gi tudrt tasrtant, tadlsant,…, awqqr d usmɣr i min tuca tmɣart i waydud s lxdmt ins gi taddart, s usmutti ins i wawal d tdlsa a tarwa ins, tikkst n ukrfṣ x tmɣart d uɛaqb n wi xs ittkrfaṣn, taynit i tdusi (ṣṣḥḥt) ins, mizi nttat tkssi s ddist, tettaru, ttaɣnt waṭṭanen ur ttiɣn argaz, d waṭṭaṣ n tmslayin nnɣni.
Min ila ittettr lḥirak i lmxzn issfsay aṭṭaṣ zi tmukrisin mizi tettcka tmɣart: arẓam n sbiṭarat d usidf n lmwakn d iwdan i gsn ɣa ixdmn, ar’zam n tsdawiyyin, aswjd n tnaca (trasport) i inlman d tnlmadin, tadlsa, awqqr n tnwgimt, atg. Marra manaya gs nnfɛ d amqqran i tmɣart. Tasdawit ad tgg lxir d amqqran gi tḥudriyyin i ixsn ad kmmlnt tiɣri nsnt ur zmmrnt s uẓẓiyyar n twacunt nsnt niɣ s ẓẓlḍ. Nssn ila tiwacunin waxxa ugurnt ar dat g izrfan n tmɣart maca mala ad ixḍarnt jr n uwtm d twtmt, ad sskknt awtm ad iɣar gi Fas niɣ d Ujda, ad jjn tawtmt. Ammn ula d min iqqnen ar ṣṣḥḥt, arẓam d uswjd n sbiṭarat ad ifkk timɣarin zi ttamara i xsnt ittkkn xmi ttarunt niɣ xmi hllknt.
Imkn ila ixssa as cway n « ufran » ḥuma ad iḍhar mliḥ man tmslayin i tettḥdajja tmɣart gi sbitar (man lmwakn, man iḍbibn d tḍbibin, man kansir n tmɣarin i cmxn, min ittḥdajja), man tmslayin i tettḥdajja gi lxdmt, … ḥuma ad taf trarit x umddur ins. Manaya ataf yuqɛ xs wawal ag tmɣarin mizi d ntnint i issnen mliḥ min ttḥdajjant.
Din snat n tmslayt gi tkarḍa n tuttriwin, qqnent ɣir ar tmɣart: 1- arẓam n isnsun n tnlmadin (taddart n tnlmadt) ittraḥn zi lkambu ar tmdint ad ɣrnt. Ta d ijjt n tuttra tettsggad abrid i tḥudrit n lkmabu ḥuma tasɣart ins gi tɣuri ad tili d tidt. 2- arẓam n ummas n ulmad n ṣṣnayɛ i tmɣarin gi marra Arrif, ḥuma timɣarin ur iɣrin niɣ ur ikmmln tiɣri ad afnt mig ɣa lhant, ad zmmrnt ad xdmnt. Nttidar dd ula d tuttra n warẓam n saladirut amuk ijjt n tuttra tuds tamɣart mizi d ntnin ila gsn ixddmn wami ila llan. ɛad xssnt tmslayin nnɣni i tmɣarin ixddmn gi tudrin, timɣarin mix ttkrfi’sn irgazn, tamɣart tamɛḍurt… Maca ulabudd ad nksi gi lbal, tmẓi n ttjriba d laggawaj n uxzzar a (imkn) x iwdan i bddn x lḥirak.
Min ittwaggn ma iṭṭummuɛ ad ibddl waramquddi jr n tmɣart d wargaz ma lla: Imkn asnfar (projet) ad iksi amnus n tmɣart d min tettḥdajja (zi min nniɣ s uflla) g ummas ins, maca ur ittraḥ ci ar ddsas n waramquddi illan gi walliɣ n lɛalqa jr n tmgahrt d wargaz, mix tbna d muk dd tettban. Wi ittḥkamn gi twacunt, tamɣart ma tettriyya gi tudrt ins d ddat ins niɣ tettraja ad as inin raḥ niɣ as dd, ccɣl n taddart, ma trbu t wḥḥds niɣ iksi t akids wargaz (xmi dd ttrwwaḥn zi tmskant, s umdya, awtm ittkk ar mṭarba ittfurruj gi llayf, tawtmt tettkk ar kuzina, amya ma lla?), timgahrin ma qqimnt qqnent ar min xsnt turi tnamit niɣ ẓwant lṣwar n taddart ad ddrɛnt amaḍal, ad xdmnt lldaym nnɣni, ad ssnent tussna nnɣni bla tnni n macca d ufiyyr d ujffef. Xmi nssawal x tmɣarin, nssawal x tmgahrin qqaɛ, tinni irzzun ad xsnt tettwarẓm twwurt amuk tnna tzlawit Fadma el Ouaryachi. Din atṭaṣ n tsmlayin qqnent ar usqsi a, ixssa ad tnt nssrs ḥuma ad nfhm min ittsmaran gi tudrt nnɣ. Tamslayt a, ad ɣrs bddɣ cwit gi min dd iggurn, g umnni a.
Iswirn n ucrak n tmɣart gi lḥirak n Arrif.
Mala tɛddl, ad nb’da timɣarin iswizan gi lḥirak n Arrif x ikluṣa. Bṭṭu ya maci ḥuma ad nfrz jr n tmɣarin d tinni nnɣni. Uhu, ḥuma ad nfhm man ikluṣa n uswizi ila ɣrs illan ar tmɣart tarifit gi lḥirak :
– Timɣnas iswizan s tikli d uɛawn niɣ timɣnas warism: Ass x wumas rnnunt tmɣarin i ttfɣn gi lḥirak, whḥdsnt niɣ ag irgazn i d asnt ittɛnan, ar wami ndwl ur nzmmar ad tnt nḥsb. Inɣmisn ṣṣiwḍn anɣ dd tiwlafin d ifidyutin n tmɣarin s tcumɛatin d nnwac g ifassn, s lkfn x iɣiln, sliwliwnt, ttɛiyyaḍnt. Ucint udm i tmurt n Arrif isbrrad ul zdat n lgnus. Ijjt n tmslayt ɛmmars ur nenwi ad tt nẓr gi tmurt nnɣ. Din udmawn ttwassnen n tmɣnasin d tiqdimin, ixḍarnt, amuk nnant, ad ilint ag imsbridn d tmsbridin, mizi ttwalant ila lḥirak n ihudriyyn d tḥudriyyin n Arrif, amuk din udmawn, aṭṭaṣ d udmawn ur ttwassnen mani, nssn itn ag lḥirak. Tamijja n wargaz i nennim gi tmskanin tsur akis tmijja n tmɣart d tliwliwt ins. Manaya ittraḥ issnhzza cway cway min irṣṣan g walli n iwdan nnɣ zi txrrisin n ccrq x tmɣart d tlelli ins.
Manaya mala iɛjbn anɣ xmi nttwala gi tnddam amuk Imzurn, Ayt Buɛyyac, tiɣrmin amuk Ayt ḥdifa.. tettraḥ tettmɣur gnɣ lfraḥt xmi nttmutuy a Truggut, Tmasint, Tala Yusf, Aɛrwi, Ayt ·Ɛbdellah, … Qqaɛ imukan a tffɣ gsn tmɣart tarifit s tmijja (cciɛarat niɣ llwalu), s wawal niɣ s tikli.
Ijj n ucrak ila iqqn ɣir ar tmɣart, d aswizi s uswjd n macca d uɣrum. Nẓra gi tuqqna n tḥuna wami ila ur ttifn iwdan aɣrum, timɣarin n Biyya ggʷant aɣrum, ṣṣiwḍnt i tudrin. Manaya nẓra t ɛawd (amuk ila dd ṣṣawaḍn g ufaysbuk) xmi ttraḥn iwdan zi barra ar ci n umkan ad swizan gi tmskanin. Miyya gi miyya, xlli d imsaggarn ittwaggn gi tudrin, tswiza gsn tmɣart s uswjd n macca d watay, amuk nzmmar ad nxayl. D ta d tnamit ɛad illan gi tmurt nnɣ. Ccɣl n taddart tettg it tmɣart. Manaya ur ixis ad yini asɣḍl zi tmɣart, ḥaca. Manaya zg ijjt n jjiht d asmɣr zg uswizi n tmɣart gi lḥirak s lxdmt a i tgga. Mri maci d nttat ataf bzzaf n inhzzitn ffɣn dd d inqsiyyn. Maca zg ijjt n jjiht nnɣni irẓẓm anɣ tiṭawin x min ɛad i d anɣ iqqimn zi lxdmt ḥuma ad nawḍ ar umquddi.
Ag wuḍuf n imɣnas n lḥirak d usuggi x tmskanin, timɣarin rid jjint zg uswizi nsnt, s uḍrrun, din i nẓra tzmrt nsn d « trgazt » nsnt x ibridn d isaragn n sidi Ɛabid gi Biyya, mani ila ttḥijjan/t ayt/suyt Biyya tikarmin n tẓallit n ttarawiḥ. Llilt d uxllṭ d lɛskar ur bddn ci g udm n ucrak n tmɣart. Gi ci n wakud, mri ila nxs ad tt narja ataf ur tt nurji. D tidt, g imukan amuk Imzurn, ufuɣ s llilt ila ɣir n irgazn, drus mani ɣa tffɣ ci n tmɣnast din. Maca manaya ur ittkks lfraḥt nnɣ s tinni iqqimn bddnt, ur jjint asarag ixwa, qqimnt ammn d aṣfḍ i tmssi ḥuma ur txssi. Iwwḍ dd wakud mig tnt nẓra s tkmamin ḥuma ur tnt ittɛqil lmxzn, zi icmx wuḍuf, maca ur dwilnt ar tudrin. Ur dwilnt waxxa ila kulha idwl.
– Timɣnas illan gi tgrawt n uswjd.
Marra idnɣ nssn min ɛnant. Tinaẓurin, tinlmadin n tsdawit, tislmadin, maca xlli d timɣarin n tudrin. Kul ijjtn manis, sɛanen tnt tusmin x tmurt nsnt d usḥqar i ddrnt d tirja nsnt i innurin ḥuma ad ffɣnt ufuɣ imṣbḍa x min nennim. Ksint kamira, amikrufun, ugurnt x uzllif n tmskanin, ggin ul g iwdan. Ur qqimnt x tmwwa, ur qqimnt g ummas. ḥdd zzgnɣ izmmar ad ixayl lḥirak bla zzgsnt. M’sbḍant g uxmmem, mṣbḍan gi ṭṭbiɛt d tussna d ttjriba, amṣbḍi infɛn lḥirak s waṭṭaṣ. Ijjtn tssiɣ tmijja d kamira, Ijjtn tssiɣ axrrṣ, ijjtn tssiɣ fus ins mizi tbdd g udm n lɛskar, ijjtn aswjd d wul i tettgg gi suytmas, … Ula d ntnint, zi lḥmlt n wuḍuf aɣil ad ur jjint asarg ad ixwa ula d amikrufun ad iwḍa.
Silya, Warda, Nawal, Hadya, Nihad, Mazilya, Sara, xalti Zzuhra, Karima, Farah, Fatima, Bouchra… d tinni nnɣni, urint ism nsnt g umzruy n Arrif s ssmɣ n wurɣ. Qqasnt tasɣart nsnt zg wuḍuf d uḍfar n lmxzn amuk qqasnt zi wawal d uzawar n aytmatsnt wami issnt utrrc n tamunt. Ci zzgsnt xttsn ttaman imɣar n ufuɣ nsnt, s lḥbs, akrf’s, tazwart niɣ d unjli a barra n tmurt. Manaya d lmtiḥan idtti la i tmɣarin d tmxsit nsnt (volonté) la i twacunin d irgazn n Arrif d liman nsn s umquddi jr n tmɣart d wargaz. Din tiwacunin ɛddbn bzzaf s manaya maca sgɛɛdnt idd azllif zi jjdid, rnant lḥmlt n taɣyuli, din wi issɣdn, ixs ad ittu kulci. Maca muk ma igga lḥal, awal n tmɣart n lḥirak ɛad ittsmmiɛ g ujnna.
– Timɣarin n twacunin n inkraf.
Tura-t: Asmaa Aouattah


text:
Scipione del Ferro (6 brayeṛ 1465 - 5 nuwambir 1526), ikka-t-inn iga yan umusnak awṭalyan, d umusnak akkʷ izwuren s tɣarast nna s da iferru yan tagda "cubic".
Tudert-nnesEdit
Ilul-d Scipione del Ferro g Bulunya, agafa n Ṭṭalyan, iga memmi-s n Floriano d Filippa Ferro. Baba-s Floriano, iswuri yad g temguri n walkaɣiṭ, iger amguran nna mi tettuɣul tilit-nnes ɣer usnulfu n tsiggezt g temrawant n yid 1450, ayedda yujjan Scipione ad yili asadef s mennawt twuriwin seg mayd imeẓẓi. Iwwel yat tmeṭṭut yaru id-s yat terbat nna mi iga s yisem Filippa, ɣef yemma-s nettat.
Irwas is d taɣiwant n Bulunya ad d-ikka, mani g ittyasay amm yan iggaren tiɣuriwin g "Arithmetic" akked "Geometry" aseggʷas n1496. Iseggʷasen-nnes ineggura, izzri-ten da iswuri g yiger n umseɣsenzi.
Azuzzer n twuri-nnesEdit
Meqqar d yan warra seg dar del Ferro ur inejjim. Da tetturruy tamentilt-ad s umata-nnes ɣer tagʷit-nnes i umsawaḍ ɣef twuriwin-nnes. G udɣar n ad d-ifser tiwengimin-nnes, da tent-immal ɣas i yat tufrint imeẓẓin g yimeddukkal d yinelmaden-nnes.
Tella turda n mas d-ikka uya tamyurt illan dar yimusnaken n tizi-ann g t-nn-kkan da tteggan "challenges" gratsen mnid n umata. kudenna idegga yan umusnak s "challenge" n wayya, da ittili ɣef ku yan gi-sen ad ifru tamukrist n wayyaḍ. G kigan n tikkal, da itterzu "Perdant" n "challenge" g usidrem (financement) neɣ d ansa-nnes ammas n tɣiwant. Ikka-t-nn Del Ferro da ittiksaḍ ad "être challenge" d irwas is d imk-ann a'ɣef yujja twuri-nnes akkʷ ixatren tga tuffirt afad ad si-s isten iɣef-nnes kudenna nn-yufa agayyu-nnes g tuẓẓumt n kra n "challenge".