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Accueil > Kabylophonie > At Yir Meksa (Tullist)
At Yir Meksa (Tullist)
Nouvelle
jeudi 28 juin 2012, par
Agadir i d-iḥebsen ilel mačči d ameẓẓyan, yecba lḥiḍ yulin kan akken: iseggem, yeedel, yuli fell-as lehcic d tadliwin. Ddaw-s yella wasif i igezmen iḥerqan, yettawin Yer yilel anda yesgunfuy.
Agama yebna tiɣaltin. Iḥemmalen nejṛen iberdan i yiɣezṛan almi uɣalen amzun d dduḥ ideg gnen (gellen?) waman. Ma tewwiḍ abrid d asawen, ad tafeḍ taddart tsenned ɣer tiɣilt; anga ur (d)as-ittcuḥḥu ara uqebli yal tikelt i deg ara d-isuḍ fell-as. Ixxamen myiḥnacen amzun yenɣa-ten usemmiḍ, msennaden wa ɣer wa am yiguza n waḍil. D ayen yecban lekdeb! Agama yessureg-d akk ayen yekseb d ccbaḥa ɣef wemḍiq-nni, Dinna i seeddaɣ anebdu iɛeddan, ɣer yiwen wemdakel-iw. Axxam-is iqubel adrar am lemri. Yal mi ara beddeɣ ɣer ṭṭaq, ad waliɣ yal tizegzewt akked yisegla yernan sser i wedrar. Adrar ixaḍ s tberdatin; yal yiwet sani i tettawi, sani tessufuɣ. Abeḥri azedgan yettasen seg yillel; akken ara k-ikcem ɣer turin, ad tḥulfuḍ s tudert tegra-ak irebbi...
Ilel ur yebeid ara ɣef wexxam ideg ttiliɣ, ɣas akken iberdan ḍeyqen, meena sufuɣen akk, Mi ara tawḍeḍ ɣer yiri n yilel, ad tafeḍ yeččur d iẓra ilegɣanen, i tecḍen, yeḥfan seg lemwaǧi iten-idyettẓuṛun yal ass. D asawen mi ara d tmuqleḍ, d agadir ara k-id-imagren.
Amḍiq-agi isem-is: «At yir Meksa», Gan-as isem-a ɣef ubaxix d-yeḍṛan deg-s aṭas aya ...Aberrani ara d-yerzun ɣer At Yir meksa d tamsalt tamezwarut iɣef ara yesteqsi: Amek almi i as-gan isem am wa ? Wid yessnen, ttalsen-tt-d tadyant-a ɣef yiwet n tallit akken-nni, tallit ideg tedder taddart-a ddaw leɛnaya n yiwen n ccix n lǧamae, i d-yesbedd Udabu, akken yexdem akk i tuddar n Yiqbayliyen yebɣan ad idirent ddaw leɛnaya d tṣunḍa n Inselmen, ad rnunt ad ddarin tacḍaṭ-is.
Ccix-a yeweer, d ssem, yessexdam ula d iɣil d wuzzal, mi ara yeffeɣ walbɛeḍ i leɛṣem-ines. D netta i la isedduyen timsal di tejmaɛt, ama d tid yerzan taɛerfit, ama d tid n tdamsa d wayen-nniḍen, Yal cci s ccreɛ n Ṛebbi ara yeddu, amdan ur yesɛi awal sdat ccreɛ n Ygenni... Yusa-d ccix-a si tmurt taberranit. Yeɣra Leqran d tcerɛit, tussna n tdeyyanit, di tmurt n Maser. Asmi yessaweḍ d limam, yemmed di tmusni! ceyyɛen-t-id am netta am wiyaḍ i d-yusan ɣer tmurt n Yiqbayliyn ad cixen di temsal-agi n tineslemt, xas ulamma tamurt tella ur txus ara deg yimusnawen. Ccix-a(gi), ihi, ur iqebbel i yiwen ad yeddu wer laqwanen n Ṛebbi i s yettamen. Ayen nniḍen ɣuṛ-s ur yesei ara lmeena. Ulac acu i izemren ad yekk nnig lqanun n tcerɛit i d-yefka Wucbiḥ Ameqran, akken yeqqar. Ur icuḥ ara ula ɣef yiman-is, akken kan ad ibeggen i wiyaḍ belli ur yelli d win yessurufen, neɣ d win iqeblen lexṣas d leɣlaḍ, akken yebɣu yili. Yezmer tikwal, ad yeqqen tiṭ-is ɣef kra n temsal, maca ɣef temsalt n tayri, ulac! Ula d isem-is mi (d)-as-isla, ad irekkem si zzeef, yettemeuqu seg-s. Limmer ahat seg wid iḥemmlen i yella, neɣ seg wid iwulfen sebganen-d iḥulfan-nsen, ttaken lebɣi d lqima i wayen i s ttḥulfun, ur tefren, ur ttetḥin s tayri, tili ur yettili ara akka: tili zzeaf, ddɣel d lkeṛh ur ttaččaṛen ara ul-is. Maca ul-is yuli-t wadal, yedɣel, ala s tebrek n tiṭ i yessikid ɣer wid yeččuṛen d niyya, am wakken i yeččuṛen d asaɣuṛ wid yezgan ttexnunusen deg waluḍ, ḥfan deg iḥeṛqan yesseknef yiṭij, ideg ithemmej ddunit yal ass, almi ur d teǧǧi deg-sen ala iziɣer-nni ineṭḍen di tbuḥcict yettṣubbu yettali. Γuṛ-s, imesdurar d lmal yettakken lebɣi i win i ten-yezzuɣuren, yettawin lewhi s wallen mi ara yeskeɛɛrir fella-sen, imifat (?) niyya mazal-itt deg-sen. D ayenni i d-yiwwin ccix ɣer taddart-nni, am wid i t-icban «yetkellixen medden s laxert!», yufa abrid d wanida ara icax akken i as-yehwa..
At taddart ttidiren s wayen isen-d-ifka wass-nsen, teddun kan akken yella lḥal, ayen isend-tefka tudert ad t-magren, xas s yifassen d ilmawen. Yeẓra (ccix n lǧamae ) ur llin d wid ur nessin dacu-tt tayri maca, netta ɣur-s tayri n tidet d tin yellan ger wemdan d Rebbi-is. Tagi ur tt-ssinen, ur tt-tissinen, ɣur-s ttemlilin akken ttemlilin lehwayec di teẓgi. Ikṛeh-iten d qeḍran, mi ara tenittwali amek ittḥsisen i ccehwat ur nesei lmaena i d-itekken seg-sen, neɣ mi ara isell i yemɣaṛen d yilmezyen, di tejmaet, ttmeslayen, ttawin-d isefra ɣef tuẓuft d iḥulfan n tayri, isefra n yimeksawen, wala ad ẓẓallen, d tmucuha d yettmeslayen ɣef wannect-nni. Ayenni yakk ittwali-t d tiquḥbent i yesufuɣen ɣer lkaf d tmest n Jahennama! D ayen i t-id-sɣunfuyen, d ayen i irennun i wedrar-nni n tismin d lkeṛh yellan deg-s, i yesmentagen ajajiḥ n wurfan yuɣen di tfekka-s, asif-nni n Lkuter yellan di lǧennet ur t-issexsay ara! Ayen i la tineqqen ugar, d ayen yebɣa i yiman-is ur t-id iṣaḥ ara, i yettagi i wiyaḍ, d ayen i la (d) as-d-tessutur tfekka-s i yebɣa ad yesfeḍ ɣer wiyaḍ. Ayen yellan deg-s d lɛib i yettwali di medden, wi yeẓran!? Yebɣa ad yeḥreṣ wiyaḍ, akken ad teiwnen ur iteččeḍ ara, ur ixeddem ara ayen i t-idyeččan si daxel, yeqqaṛ «Ur illaq ara tulawin ad ffɣent seg wexxam, ttwaxdament i wexxam i dderya, ayen-nniḍen d ccɣel n wergaz...». Yiwet n tikkelt, yebɣa ad asen-ikkes ula d tala! Ccix yuggad i ixeddem, limmer ad iwali tameṭṭut di beṛṛa weḥd-s. Mi ara ɛeddint tullas ɣer tala ggarent-d wallen-is seg wakken tafekka-s teknef si daxel, sakkin ad t-tafeḍ ixezzu irennu degsent. Tameṭṭut ɣuṛ-s d cciṭan, tella kan akken ad tkellex i wergaz, ad tesseɛreq abrid n ṣswab, ad ttawi yid-s ɣer tmest n Jaennama! Γef wannect-a i yebna yakk uxemmem-is, akka i as-slemden lecyax-is di Maṣer; ɣef wannect-a i tebna ddunit. Si Adem d Ḥewwa akka; d netta i tt-id-yessufɣen si Ljennet mm leqwas. Ayen akk yeenan tafekka (ladɣa tin n tmeṭṭut) inexz-itt, yexza-tt ɣuṛ-s ur iqeṛṛeb. S nnig tmuɣli-yagi i s ittwali tudert, ccix ur yettaṭṭaf ara urfan. Ittcuddu-tt ula anda tban i medden teyser, iḥerres iman-is ula ɣef temsal ur neswi. Dayen yesseḍeṣayen tikwal at taddart, aladɣa tilmeẓyin d yelmeẓyen, sɛant d tireṣṣilt di yal tikelt, mi ara ten-id-yawi webrid sdat lǧamae, netta akken-nniḍen ur sen-yekmi ara. Ma yella d imɣaṛen yettilin di lǧamae, yal mi ara d ffɣen, qqaṛen: «Awah! Ccix-agi-nneɣ iḥṛes timsal, yeṭtef-itt-id si ẓmik, yiwen n wass ad tt-ijbed ad teqqerṣ!». Maca nutni iɣeblan-nsen ur yelli d ayen ara yefru ccix s tẓẓallit d ddkir n yal ass...Akken qqaren: «Taẓallit ur teseččay ara aɣrum. Wwet iɣil-ik a bu yiɣil!»
Γef wakken i d-ttalsen, yiwet n tikelt, cwiṭ i t-ifiɣ leeqel seg wurfan. Sawlen-as-d, akken yiwen n wass ad iwali yiwet n tmeṭṭut tuḍen, yiwen ur iẓri acu i tt-yuɣen. Ulac sani ur tt-iwwin ara, tugi ad tawi iri. Yegra-d usirem aneggaru, ceyyɛen ɣer ccix, ahat d netta ara as-d-yafen ddwa n ḥellu, imi yegza timusniwin ur gzin nutni! Ccix yiwwi abrid, ddac ddac almi yiwweḍ s axxam n yiɛerḍiyen ( n yineɣrimen). Akken kan i yekcem s afrag n wexxam-nni, yaf din arrac, deg usarag, tturaren. Ttmuqulen yiwet n teydit (taqjunt) tettarew din ɣef yiri n webrid. Akken i ttiwala ccix, yedduqqes, ibeddel wudem-is, tuli-t-id tezweɣ, din din tuɣal d tewreɣ, yessetḥa seg wayen iwala, neɣ yexleɛ, ur yeẓri yiwen dacu i t-yuɣen imiren, dɣa yuẓ ad iẓer ugar acu akka, yufa arrac zzin i teydit-nni am umeqyas, ḥeddṛen i yiḍan imecṭaḥ, mi d-ttlalen amzun d ttefaḥ i diɣellin: «yiwen, sin, tlata...», iḥettben iḍan i la d-ittlalen, dɣa ṭṭṛeḍqen d taḍsa. Argaz amcum buqenduṛ acebḥan, bu tcacit ɣef uqerṛu, yerfa, irkeb-it umeskun, ur yeẓri acu ara ixdem, awal si zzeef yugi ad yali. Din din, s teekkazt yellan deg ufus-is, yeɣli ɣef warrac-nni almi zgezwen, yal wa sani i t-iwwet; aqaru, timecacin d uzagur, dɣa arrac-nni rewlen, yal wa sani yerra. Ccix yegra-d netta d teydit-nni d yiḍan akken i d-ḍallen ɣer ddunit. Ccix yerfa ugar, ayen i d-yeqqimen di tɛekkazt yerẓa-t ɣef warrac-nni, ikemmel-itt ɣef teydit meskint! Yekkat-itt nettat tettinẓi, tekker ad terwel, teẓẓuɣer mm-is, am tqeṭṭṭiṭ n weksum, yexnunes deg yidammen d uɣebbar; mi tt-iwala akken, nnernan wurfan ugar, dɣa yewwet-itt s iḍarren-is, yerza-tt, teɣli, temrareɣ tmeɣbunt; yebda yettnegiz ɣef ueebbuḍ-is, ɣef warraw-is, iḥerrem-iten ula ad walin tafat n ddunit; aqjun aneggaru i d-ilulen, yekkes-as ccix amcum tamaẓẓagt n yemma-s i izemren ad-as-d-tefk tudert, inɣa-ten akken i d-frurxen, d ileqqaqen, allen qqnent. Imir yemḍeṛkal am win yeffeɣ leɛqel, yerwel s isuraf n win yenɣan, yerwel ɣer lǧamae, yettu ula d ayen i t-id-yewwin... ffɣen-d akk medden ɣer usarag, wehmen dacu akka yuɣen ccix...
Ttalsen-d daɣen: yiwet n tikelt dɣa, d taneggarut fell-as. Yiwet n tmeddit deg waggur n remḍan, ccix yiwwi abrid n lexla, akken ad yeseeddi lweqt, iteddu, tteṣbiḥ deg ufus, yeqqaṛ-d Leqṛan, yettxemmim acu ara sen-d-iwwet tameddit-nni i yimẓulla, akken ad yerr at taddart s abrid n sswab! Iteddu di teẓgi, yettu iman-is almi i t-iḥuza yiḍ deg webrid, yemmekta-d belli ilaq ad yuɣal ɣer taddart, akken ad d-yedden; ma yella yezgel tudnna, at taddart ad qqimen i laẓ, ur tetten ara ma yella ur sen-d-yeddin ara! Nnig ugadir, anda t-yuɣ lḥal, asigna yettheggi akken ad yeẓmi iman-is, ad d-iseqqi tamurt s lesrar-is, yeqbeṛ ur yezmir ara ad yernu nnig wayen, am win yeṭṭef ubeṛṛiḍ, ur yeṛǧi ara aṭas almi d yeqṛes igenni ɣef lqaea; lehwa d waḍu yettseffir, rrɛud yettseqsiq. Deg yiwet n tikkelt yeɣli-d igenni ɣef tmurt. Ccix ur yebɣi ara ad yebzeg, dɣa yerfed aqendduṛ-is almi d tigecrar, yeṭṭef-it s yifassen-is amar ad as-yaɣ aḍar ad t-yeɣḍel, yerna ad iɣiwel tikli. Yettazzal yettnadi anida ara yeddari, segmi kan ara tezri lehwa. Itezzi yeffus zelmeḍ almi i iwala yiwen n ueecciw yedduri s ttjuṛ, yeweaṛ akken ad t-iwali yiwen. Yuzzel s lfeṛḥ ad yekcem amzun d tiwwura n lǧennet i iwala. Yiwweḍ ɣer din, yedardeb ar daxel kan akken, amzun d axxam-is. Akken yekcem, yufa yiwen n ilemẓi netta tlemẓit daxel-nni ddurin, yesduqqes-iten ccix, akken i ten-iwala, yefhem ixedmen dinna ur yelli d ayen yebɣa netta, ur yelli d ayen ara yeqbel ccreɛ n yigenni wala win n lqaɛa: yufa-ten ttemsudanen! Ccix, am win i t-yewweten s ujenwi. Mačči d takeffart n remḍan i tiɣaḍen, ala! Segmi ttemsudanen, d ayen yugin ad yekcem s allaɣ-is, ur yelli dayen yezmer ad iwali neɣ ad yeqbel. Seg wakken ur yezmir ara ad yeṭṭef iman-is, icureɛ-iten din din, yemmeɣ fellasen akken ad ten-id-iẓuɣer s imawlan-nsen, ilmeẓyen neṭqen-d ɣur-s nnan-as: Acu i k-yuɣen akka ay aderwic! Acu tebɣiḍ ?... Yerra-yasen ccix s uxercuf: Ilaq imawlan-nwen d wat taddart ad-ẓren acu i la txedmem … ayen akka i la txedmem ur t-iqbil la ccree, la lqanun...
Nnan-as: Acu i ak-iṛuḥen, dacu twalaḍ akka nexdem-it? … Lhi-d kan d ccɣel-ik, d lǧamae-ik, ayennniḍen yexḍa-k , ur nelli d arraw-ik, ur telliḍ d babatenaɣ...
Akken kan yesla s yimeslayen-nni yerfa nezzeh, ḥman-d yidammen-is, imuqel akka d wakka, amar ad iwali kra, dɣa iwala imceḍ n wuzzal, yeǧǧa-t bab n ueecciw-nni, yemmeɣ fell-as, yewwet-iten s iqerra, am wakken ara yewwet izerman, s yiwet n tyita i yiwen isen-ifka, yenɣa-ten menṭeq. Yenta deg-sen yimceḍ, yesni-ten am ddekkar, ur ufin ara ula ad slaqfen, seg wakken ur ukin yid-s mi iten-iwwet. Limmer xas s ubeqqa i ten-iwwet tili akken ara sleqfen! Ur yelli d tiyita n imceḍ-nni kan iteninɣan, d lǧehd n wurfan-nni i s iten-iwwet i yewwin tarwiḥt-nsen. Yenɣa-ten akken yenɣa iḍannni ileqqaqen, ur xdimen kra.
Ccix, yuɣal-d ɣer tilawt, imiren, mi yezzi iwala idammen yuzzlen, tkecm-it tugdi, yugad ad t-id-afen, ad faqen i wbaxix i d-yurew di yiwet n tiremt, di tlemmast n waggur n remḍan, yeɣḍel snat n tmegraḍ s yiwet n tyita. Imiren kan, yerra-tt ɣef yiḍarren-is, yetni-tent yefka lebɣi i tazzla ɣer sdat, tamuɣli ɣer deffir ulac, yettu agefur, yettu aḍu, yettu tuddna, remḍan...Yettu ula d iman-is anda yella. Ala ayen yexdem i yellan deg wallaɣ-ines, a yettḥebbiṛ amek ara yexdem, yeẓra dinna i kfan wussan-is, limmer ad as-faqen. Yettazal am yilemẓi, yettu ula d agadir-nni t-id-iqublen, agu i d-yeɣlin d tallest i d-iḥezmen reglen-as iẓri, ur yeẓri anta tama iɣer ara yer. Agadir sdat-s ur ifaq, ur yuki d yiman-is. Lkaf n ugadir yefka-t i teẓra i t-yerǧǧan s lfeṛḥ.
Ccix tufeg tcacit-is deg yigenni, yegra-d kan netta d uqenduṛ-is amellal, aqenduṛ ara isdergen iẓeṛman-is, mi ara s-d-ger tmurt irebbi. Ccix ifelleq di lqaea, yemmut, ur d-irri nnefs, ur d-irri nnehta, ulac ula d chada! Mi akken yufeg deg yigenni, i d-yeqqimen deg wallaɣ-is ala udmawen n yilmeẓyen i yenɣa, axaṭaṛ myaḥmalen d teydit-nni d warraw-is yesfelqej wer sebba. Yemmut ur ẓullen ula d taẓallit fell-as, yegra-d d imensi i wucanen... Azekka-nni, mi fuǧǧen wat taddart ɣef twaɣit yexdem ccix d-iseqqan tarbut n tlufa yeččatt teḥma! Ugin ad amnen.
Lammer ur yemmut ara imiren, tili ggulen ar d yemzel akken yezla sin n yiferraj ur uklalen. Nnejmaɛen, gezmen-tt di rray: seg wassen, ugin di taddart-nsen ad yili ccix n lǧamae. Ma d lǧamae yuɣal d amḍiq i tezdeg n wul d tejmaet, din i ferrun timsal, d amḍiq n sswab, n leeqel akked lmeequl...
Yura-tt: Irnaten M.


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Turuft neɣ Urubba neɣ Oṛobba (Taglizit: Europe) d amenẓaw ger 7 imenẓawen n umaḍal. Tusa-d deg yixef n umalu n Urasyan (Eurasia). Tikwal qqaren-as daɣen "amenẓaw awessar".
Tajumma n Turuft ur tɛedda ara 10.180.000 Km2; mɣar amenẓaw n Ustṛalya ay tugar.
Timura n Turuft sekrent-ed Tadukli Turufit, tura ɣur-s 28 iwunak, 13 seg-sent sseqdacent aqarid asuf n "euro" (idrimen).
Aẓar n wawal[beddel]
Yekka-d isem-is seg tumgisent tagrigt, d isem n yiwet tgellidt Tafiniqt.
Europa d yelli-s n wakuc Agrig Zeus.
Timura n Turuft[beddel]
Atent-a tmura n turuft di 50 yid-sent :
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Amgaru aɣarim n Spenyul
Amgaru aɣarim n Spenyul d amgaru i deg nnuɣen wid yebɣan ad rren Spenyul d tigduda d wid yebɣan ad teqqim tgeldit si 1936 ɣer 1939.
Sakin, seg useggas-nni d asawen, d Franco ay yernan wid yebɣan tigduda u d netta ay yuɣalen d aqerru n leḥkem di Spenyul.
Di 1947, Franco yerra-d tageldit (monarchie) ɣer Spenyul, d acu kan, ula d yiwen ur yettalas ad yili d agellid ala kan ma yuɣal Franco ur yezmir ara ad yeḥkem neɣ yeɛzem ad yeǧǧ lehkem i ugellid.
Di tallit-nni akk n leḥkem-is, Spenyul tuɣal d tamurt i deg ttwagedlen (interdit) yikabaren isertiyen akk d tdukliwin, yernu ala kan d taspenyulit ay d tutlayt yesɛan aẓayer (statut) di tmurt-a. Imawlan n tutlayin nniḍen akk n Spenyul (tabaskit, takatalant, tagalisit, atg.) llan ttnaɣen akken zemren akken ad sɛun izerfan-nsen idelsanen.
Dɣa yiwet si tmiwa ay yenṭerren aṭas akk si lbaṭel n Franco d tama n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen i deg ay d-tennulfa terbaɛt timselleḥt n ETA, ay yebdan imenɣi i lmend n uzarug (indépendance) n Yibaskiyen. Franco yemmut di 1975, u temmut yid-s tallit-nni n lbaṭel ameqqran.
Seg wass-n d asawen, tennefsusi ccedda i deg llant ttidirent tutlayin timeddursa (minoritaires) di Spenyul, u ttunefken-asent akk yiẓuyar (statuts) di tmiwa i deg ay tent-ttmeslayen.
Tamselyut[beddel]
- imedyazen sɣur Omar Mouffok


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Jules Verne
Jules Verne (ilul deg wass n 8 Furar 1828 deg Nantes, yemmut deg 24 Meɣres 1905 deg Amiens - Fransa) d amaru afrensis, amur ameqran seg wungalen-nnes ḥekkun-d ɣef tlufa ay iḍerrun deg tmura tubɛidin neɣ d tiḥkayin n tussna n ussugen (science-fiction) ay d-yessawalen ɣef wayen ara d-yennulfun deg yimal.
Ayen Yura[beddel]
Deg 1863, Jules Verne yessuffeɣ-d ungal-nnes amezwaru "Xemsa n Ledwaṛ deg Ubalun", d win ay yeqqlen dindin mechuṛ ama deg Fransa, ama deg tmura niḍen. Jules Verne yeqqim yettaru azal n 40 n yiseggasen, yerna yessuffeɣ-d 64 n wungalen, gar-asen Arraw n Uqebṭan Grant (1868), Tuzzya ɣef Umaḍal deg 90 n wussan (1873), Michel Strogoff (1876), Itri n Wenẓul (1884), Seg Tegnit ɣer Wayyur (1865), 20.000 Yifersxen ddaw Yilel (1870), Robur ameslak (1886), atg.
Idlisen n Jules Verne ttwassnen deg umaḍal akken ma yella, yerna ɣerna d netta ay d amaru afṛensis ay d-yettussuqqlen aṭas akk deg umaḍal.


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Taɣamsa
Taɣamsa dayen i semlalayen ayen iḍerun di yal tama umaḍal, u a tnidyawi d isalen i medden, ama deg iɣmisen, neɣ deg radyu, neɣ deg tiliẓri, neɣ s webrid n uzeṭṭa n Internet.
Tisqamuyin n tɣamsa tettawid isalen di yal ma teḍru yiwet n tɣawsa deg umaḍal. Ger tisqamuyin n tɣamsa i yettwasnen, ad nader AFP (Fransa) ; Reuters (Britanya tameqrant) ; Associated Press (Timnaḍin n Marikan Iduklen).
Gret Tamawt[beddel]
Waki d amuɣ kan amezwaru, yal win isɛan akud, ad ikemel amuɣ aki n imyura izwawen i waken aten id adden aken ma llan.


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Talitwanit
Talitwanit ttmeslayen-tt ass-a 3 n yimelyunen n medden di Litwanya (98 % seg yimezdaɣen n Tegduda Talitwanit), ma nerna-yas-d i wemḍan-agi anect yettmeslayen talitwanit berr'a i Litwanya, ad d-naf d akken 3,5 n yimelyunen n yemdanen ara yettmeslayen talitwanit deg wemḍal. Si ger n 800.000 n Yilitwaniyen ay yettidiren di lberr'ani, aḥric ameqqran deg-sen yettidir deg Yiwunak Yedduklen (650.000), maca diɣ nezmer ad naf aṭas n Yilitwaniyen di Pulunya (anda 70.000 n yemdanen ay yettmeslayen talitwanit), di Brizil (40.000), di Ter'jentint (35.000), di Kanada (14.725), di Briṭanya Tameqqrant (12.000), akk d Uruguay (10.000) (Grimes 1992). D acu kan, akken d-iger tamawt Zinkuvicius deg wedlis-is, maci Ilitwaniyen merr'a ay izedɣen di lberr'ani ssnen tutlayt-nsen.
Deg wennar n tesnilsit (linguistique), qqaren-d d akken d talitwanit i deg ay d-qqimen waṭas akk n yedrizen (traces) si tutlayt tahendur'ufit (indo-européen) taqdimt, tin i seg d-yeffeɣ umur meqqren si tutlayin n Tur'uft n wass-a. Qqiment-d di tlitwanit aṭas n tɣawsiwin n tjerr'umt taqburt ay sr'uḥent tutlayin tihendur'ifiyin nniḍen. D acu kan, am tutlayin merr'a n twacult tahendur'ufit, ula d talitwanit tbeddel akk d lweqt. Talɣa (forme) taqburt akk n tlitwanit yettwassnen, qqaren-as "talitwanit taqburt", yiwen ur a tt-yettmeslay ass-a.
Tawacult-is[beddel]
Talitwanit tekcem di twacult tameqqrant n tutlayin tihendur'ufiyin (indo-européenne), am tefr'ensist, taneglizit akk d weḥric meqqren si ttulayin n Tur'uft (Europe). D acu kan, talitwanit ur čuba ara aṭas tafr'ensist neɣ taneglizit am akken čuba tutlayin ay d-iqerben ɣur-s, tid wukud tecrek aẓar iqerben. Tawacult n tutlayin tihendur'ufiyin tebḍa d ifurka, dɣa talitwanit tekcem deg ufurk n tutlayin tibaltiyin, di lweqt i deg taneglizit akk d talmanit, ɣef umedya, kecment deg ufurk n tutlayin tijirmaniyin. Afurk n tutlayin tibaltiyin yebḍa ɣef snat n tegrawin (tirebbaɛ) : tutlayin tibaltiyin tigmuḍanin (ticerqiyin) i deg tella tlitwanit akk d tliṭṭunit (letton, d tutlayt icuban mliḥ taliwanit u ttmeslayen-tt di Liṭṭunya), akk d terbaɛt n tutlayin tibaltiyin tutrimin (tiɣerbiyin) i deg tella teprusit taqburt, d tutlayt ay inegren di tizi n 1700, u qqimen-d seg-s ala kan kra n yedrizen (traces) yuran. Ihi, t utlayt i ɣer teqreb kter' tlitwanit d taliṭṭunit. Yuɣ lḥal, tutlayin-agi di snat ugarent akk tutlayin tihendur'ufiyin deg wanect i d-yeqqimen deg-sent d idrizen iqburen di tejr'utin (cas) n thendur'ifit taqburt.
Tantalyin n tlitwanit[beddel]
Talitwanit tella tesɛa aṭas n tentalyin, d acu kan, llant kra deg-sen ay yedduklen akk d tiyaḍ, u uɣalent d yiwet kan n tentala. Ma d imesilsiyen (linguistes), msefhamen s umata akken ad bḍun talitwanit ɣef snat n tentalyin timeqqranin. Tamenzut, d tin umi qqaren "aukshtaichiai" neɣ tukctaytit, neɣ Talitwanit n Ufella. Ma d tis snat d tin umi qqaren "zemachiai" negh tasamugtit neɣ Talitwanit n Wadda. Yiwen n umassan, Grimes (deg wedlis-is n 1992), yerna-d tantala tis tlata, tadzukit, ay yeḥseb d yiwet si tentalyin timeqqranin n tlitwanit, di lweqt i deg tuget deg n yimassanen qqaren-d d akken tadzukit d tanḍa kan (variante) n tukctaytit. Tutlayt talitwanit tatrat ay tesseqdac tmurt ass-a tekka-d seg yiwet n tduntala (sous-dialecte) n tukctaytit (talitwanit n ufella) ay ttmeslayen deg wenẓul (sud) n Litwanya, d acu kan, iḍrisen iqburen akk n tlitwanit uran s tlitwanit n wadda.
Tira[beddel]
Talitwanit tesseqdac agemmay alatini ay yettubeddlen ciṭṭaḥ. Akken ad d-sbanen "iɣdebba" (accents) n tutlayt talitwanit, Ilitwaniyen sseqdacen izmal n ussemgirred (signes diacritiques). Yuɣ lḥal, tesseqdec tlitwanit yiwen n lweqt agemmay asirili (arusi) si 1864 alammi d 1905, d acu kan, yuɣal-itt-id ugemmay alatini imi d netta kan ay isehlen i tira-yines.
Tasɣent-is (ddur'-is) di tmetti[beddel]
Ass-a, talitwanit tesɛa aẓayer (statut) n tutlayt tamenṣabt di Litwanya, yernu tettuseqac deg yinurar merr'a n leqdic akk d tudert n yal ass. Seg wasmi ay d-yebda lqern wis 20 ara tettuseqdac tlitwanit deg uɣerbaz.
Ger n 1920 d 1940 (di tallit n uzarug amenzu n tmurt), tesbedd-d Litwanya anagraw (système) ikemlen n usselmed ara yesseqdacen talitwanit d tutlayt n usselmed seg uɣerbaz amenzu alamma d tasdawit. Yuɣ lḥal, agdud alitwani d win iḥemmlen ad iɣer aṭas s tutlayt-is. Di tallit i deg tewwi Litwanya azarug-is amenzu, ugar n 7100 n yedlisen ay d-yeffɣen s tlitwanit, yernu ass-a aṭas n tɣawsiwin yuran ara d-iteffɣen s tlitwanit, gar-asent iḍrisen ussnanen (textes scientifiques) d wakniyen (techniques) akk d yeɣmisen d tesɣunin (revues). Di 1990, ffɣen-d di Litwanya 240 n yeɣmisen s 4,5 n yimelyunen n wudmawen (exemplaires) akk d 43 n tesɣunin s 2,6 n yimelyunen n wudmawen.
Llant diɣ tregwa n rr'adyu akk d tilibizyu s tlitanit. Kra n wahilen (programmes) ay d-tgen i yiberr'aniyen, ttmeslayen s teglizit.
Mi akka ara d-yettqerrib uzemz (date) n unekcum n Litwanya ɣer Tdukli Tur'ufit (Union Européenne), talitwanit ur tettɣimi ara kan d tutlayt taɣelnawt n yiwet kan n tmurt wanag ad tuɣal d yiwet si tutlayin timenṣabin n Tur'uft u ad d-taf iman-is s waya tga aḥurif ɣer sdat akken ad tuɣal d tutlayt tagraɣlant. Xas ma yella lqern wis 20 yeǧǧa-d leǧruḥ di tutlayt-a yernu qrib yegli yis-s akken ad tuɣal si tutlayin yemmuten, lqern wis 21 yeldi-d tiwwura timaynutin ɣef tutlayt-a akken ad tennerni ɣer sdat.
Tamselyut[beddel]
- Deg mondeberbere.com Tasuqilt n Ḥamid Ubaɣa.


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Cendrillon
Cendrillon d yiwet n tmacahutt taqburt i d yura umeskar (auteur) a latini Élien (Claudius Ælianus) deg tidmi tis ⅠⅠⅠ seld tlalit n asar Ɛisa. Élien iḥka-d amezruy n yiwet n teqcict tamaṣrit, umi qqaren Rhodope (Ῥoδόπn), umi yuker Igider taṣebaṭ-is, u yeweḍa-s ugelid ferɛuni Psammétique, i g wehmen deg ṣebaḍ aki. Dɣa yahed i waken slid taqcict isɛan aṣebaḍ aki ur izeweǧ ara.
Tamacahutt aki n Cendrillon telḥa d acḥal n tidmi u deg acḥal n tmura akw d imenzaw (continents). Tura akka llant azal n 500 ilqam (versions) ines, akk mgaraden-t : si tmacahutt n Rhodope, ar tin n w-alqem n tmurt n Cenwa i y ttwarun deg tidmi tis ⅠⅩ, ar win n tmurt n Arminya n Bo Than, neɣ alqem n uṭalyani Giambattista Basile umi isemm-a Tamcict m’iɣiɣden (La Chatte des cendres) deg 1634, neɣ asummur (ballet) n Rudolf Noureev, i y-llan d tumgi taskilant (mythe littéraire) i sqedcen, umi yawden aṭas n imeskar atraren am : Luc Plamondon, ameskar usaru azawan Cindy, la Cendrillon des temps modernes id yefɣen deg 2002.
Isem n Cendrillon ikka-d seg awal Iɣed. Di tmacahutt n Cenwa, taqcict nni isem-is Ye Xian (葉限), i cuban ar w-awal almani Aschen, i bɣan ad yini Iɣed, dɣa am w-awl n teǧlizit ashes i d-yusan seg iwen n w-azar.
Tamcahutt n Cendrillon wid i-s yefkan iman, u aran-tt tettwasen ar ugar n medden di yal tamurt, d imyura n tmucuha Charles Perrault deg 1667 s w-alqem ines umi yefka isem Cendrillon ou la Petite Pantoufle de verre, akk d win n w-atmaten Almaniyen Jacob d Wilhelm Grimm deg 1812, umi fkka-n isem Aschenputtel, neɣ s tefranṣiṣt : Cendrillon.
Amyaru d umedyaz azwaw Essaid At Maamar, yerra-tt id daɣen ar tazwawt. Isemm-a-yas aken i yella w-azar n awal Cendrillon M-iɣiɣden. Di tmacahutt agi, anaf akk isem-awen, akk di medqan n tmurt tazawt. Atan wedris amek i gella (sɣuṛ imyura.net) : M-iɣiɣden.


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Molière
Jean-Baptiste Poquelin yettwassnen s yisem-nnes n unaẓur n Molière (ilul deg 15 Yennayer 1622 deg Paris - yemmut deg 17 Furar 1673 deg temdint-nni), d amaru n tmezgunin yerna d asegbar (acteur) n umezgun, d yiwen seg wuẓwiren imeqranen n tmellaɣt (comédie) deg tmura tutrimin.
Timzegunin[beddel]
Gar tmezgunin yettwassnen n Molière llant:
- Le Misanthrope (Win ikeṛhen medden)
- L'École des femmes (Aɣerbaz n tsednan)
- Tartuffe ou L'Imposteur (Tartuffe neɣ Axeddaɛ)
- L'Avare ou L'École du mensonge (Amecḥaḥ neɣ Aɣerbaz n Tkerkas)
- Le Malade imaginaire (Amuḍin asugnan)
- Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme (Agentleman aburjwa)
Tameddurt[beddel]
Moilère yenker-d deg yiwet n twacult d tamerkantit yerna d aya ay as-igan ifadden akken ad yekcem ɣer umezgun. Yeqdec 13 n yiseggasen d asegbar (acteur) ay itteddun seg wemkan ɣer wayeḍ akken ad yurar timezgunin, yerna aya iɛawen-it akken ad igerrez tamussni-nnes deg usseḍsi n medden asmi ay yebda yettaru.
Imi ay yella yessen kra n warisṭuqraṭen, iṣaḥ-it-id ad d-yurar timezgunin sdat ugellid n Fransa, Louis wis 14 deg leqṣer n Louvre. D aya ay yejjan agellid ad as-yefk yiwet n tzeɣɣa deg Louvre akken ad yetturar deg-s timezgunin. Sakkin, agellid iɛemmed-as i Molière ad yurar timezgunin ula deg Leqṣer Ageldan (Palais-Royal), dɣa d aya ay yejjan Molière ad yeqqel mechur mliḥ gar yimezdaɣen n Paris s tmezgunin-nnes yesseḍsayen, yerna tagrawt n Molière qqlen ɣɣaren-as "Tagrawt n Ugellid [Troupe du Roi]". Maca, ɣas ma yella Molière yella yesseḍsay, llan kra ay yebdan kkaten-d deg tmezgunin-nnes yerna ttwalin-tent xulfent imenzayen akked ddin (gar-asen imḍebbren n Taklizt Takaṭulikt). Tamezgunt n Tartuffe ou L'Imposteur (Tartuffe Axeddaɛ) iga-tt Molière akken ad d-iwet deg yergazen n wesɣan (ddin) ay ixeddɛen medden, dɣa d aya ay yesserfan taklizt. Seg tama niḍen, Molière yella iqeddec aṭas yerna aya yesseɛya tazmert-nnes, dɣa ɣef waya ay yeḥbes leqdic deg 1667 akken ad yesgunfu. Deg wass aydeg ara yemmet, deg 1671, Molière yella yetturar-d tamezgunt-nnes taneggarut, Le Malade Imaginaire (Amuḍin asugnan), dɣa teṭṭef-it yiwet n tusut d tameqrant (imi ay yella yuḍen tideggirt (tuberculose). Ɣas ma yella ikemmel urar arma ay tfuk tmezgunt-nni, Molière yemmut kra kan n tsaɛtin sakkin.


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Ayda
Ayda d yiwet n tceqquft n l'opéra i yurra yiwen n utelyani umi qqaren Verdi.
Abrid amezwaru anda id ɛedda deg temdint n Lqahira deg tmurt n Maṣer deg usegwas n 1871.
Taceqquft aggi tettemeslayed Yef yiwet n tallit uqbel talalit n sidna eissa.
Deg tgelda n Maṣer, yella yiwen ugellid (isem-is : ) yesɛan yelli-s (umi qqaren: Amneris). Yelli-s aggi teɛceq deg yiwen n usardas n Baba-s. Aserdas aggi (isem-ines : Γadames), netta, iḥemel yiwen n teqcict (isem-is : Ayda). Ayda nettat d taklit n yelli-s n ugellid n Maṣer. DYa yelli-s n ugellid n Maser (Amenris), tettasem deg tayri yellan ger Ayda akw d Γadames.
Yiwen wass akken, yekker traḍ ger tmurt n Maṣer akw d tmurt n Tyupia (Ethiopie). Γadames yella Yef uqarruy n iṣerdasen n ugellid n Maṣer (général). Irruḥ dYa ad yennaY.
Γadames irrebaḥ traḍ. YuYaled dYa. Mid yewwed, medden akw ferḥen yiss ula d agellit n Maṣer. Iwakken ad yesnemir (remercier) yeffka-yas yelli-s ad-t yaY.
Macca Γadames akw d Ayda ur friḥen ara.


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Internet
Internet, D azeṭṭa n tesleɣselkimt. Internet d azeṭṭa, ilul-d seg uzeṭṭa Arpanet, i d-yeffɣen deg yiseggasen 1960, i usekker n temselta n Marikan. Deg yiseggasen 1970, Arpanet, yekcem ɣer tsesdawiyin ; almi yuɣ amḍiq-is, deg useggas 1990, Internet. Internet, di tazwara, yemmud-d anagar i tegmi yimussnawen. Deg useggas 1991, yeffeɣ-d World Wide Web, agrudem , yessawḍen azeṭṭa ad d-yeldi i yal amdan di ddunit. Assa yal amdan yezmer ad yaweḍ ɣer yisefka, tugniwin ...atg. Internet, yuɣ azal meqqer di tnezzut. Deg useggas 1995, azṭṭa-ayi, yeqqen azal n sin yimelyunen yiselkimen d qrib n 30 imelyunen n yemdanen deg 45 n tmura


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Tinɣir
Tinɣir (s Tifinaɣ ⵜⵉⵏⵉⵖⵉⵔ) d aɣrem n tama agmuḍan n Merruk deg uzaɣar n Tudɣa ar tuffɣa n Weṭlas Afellay af udem n Wedrar n Saɣru. D tamaneɣt n Tasga n Tiɣir si useggwas n 2009. Deg 2004 akk iɣerman d wemdan n tɣiwant-agi ɣur-sen azal n 86.500 imezdaɣen.
Tinɣir d Tmaziɣt[beddel]
Akk imezdaɣen llan d imaziɣen, ttmeslayen akk gar-asen s Tacelḥit neɣ s Tmaziɣt n Weṭlas. Deg temnaṭ, llant ttzdiɣent tiqbilin timaziɣin am Ayt Ɛeṭṭa ar tama n wenẓul, Ayt Merɣad deg wegmuḍ, Ayt Ḥdidu deg ugafa et Ayt Yafelman


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Titanik
RMS Tiṭanik d yiwen n lbabuṛ Abriṭani (agyizi)n White Star Line, yebna s tmenna n Joseph Bruce Ismay asegwas 1907 sYur Thomas Andrews ig xedmen Yer Harland & Wolff. Lebni n lbabuṛ tebda asegwas 1909 di temdint n Belfast, tekfa asegwas 1912.
D netta id lbabuṛ ameqṛan yettwabnan di ddunit merra, yettekka Yer classe Olympik aked sin seg sister-ships, Olympik d Briṭanik.
Di tufYa yines tamezwarut, tiṭanik, yewwet yiwen weẓru n wegris ass n 14 Yebrir 1912 Yef 23 h 40, yeYreq azekkayen 15 Yebrir 2 h 20 di Terre-Neuve.