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Tella tsertit akked tadiplomasit, illa uzamul (neɣ izumal) n tmurt. Tella talast gar-asen, ur zeddin, am waman d zzit.
Adabu n tmurt n Lezzayer ibges ad yeg timlilit tameqqrant n tmura n Ugraw aârab (Ligue arabe) di Lezzayer tamanaɣt, deg wass n umenzu n nunamber 2022. D asali yessedhacen.
Llan wussan deg useggas, llan wagguren ideg yezmer udabu ad yeg timlilit. Maca, ayɣer d amenzu n nunamber, amulli n wass-nni n 1954 deg kkren Izzayriyen di yal tama akken ad kksen tabarda/tarekt i yaɣ-terra Fransa si 1830 ?
Awal ifra-t-id, s teḍsa, yiwen Uzzayri deg ubrid : « Ad zzenzen nunamber i Ben Salmane ».
Asirem n Izzayriyen ass-a, mačči d timlilit n Ugraw aârab di Lezzayer, deg wass isduklen akk Izzayriyen, win illan d azamul yezdin tamurt, si talast ar talast.
Asirem-nni izmer ad yaweḍ ma amulli n umenzu n nunamber ad yili d tafaska n talwit, d tafaska n izerfan di yal tiɣremt n tmurt, d tafaska deg ur ttwarzen yemdanen d inekraf.
Asekcem n uzamul n nunamber deg uḥḍun n Ugraw Aârab/Ligue arabe, d aɣilif kan ad d-irnu, zun yettwakkes-asen umur n umezruy i Yizzayriyen ; ẓẓay wawal-nni i nesla deg ubrid : « Ad zzenzen nunamber i Ben Salmane ».
Tamsalt n ugraw Aârab/Ligue arabe d tameqqrant (2). Di tazwara-s tlul-d akken ad tesdukel iɣerfan aâraben (akked wid ur nelli d Aâraben), maca tezgel ayen akk iwumi tger afus. Llan ineɣmasen i yas-igan isem nniḍen : « syndicat de chefs d’Etats », awal, awal, tawuri ulac.
Yal agraw deg umaḍal ibedden ɣef yal adabu isedduyen takriṭ/violence mgal agdud-is, ur izmir ad ibeddel udem, ad yaɣ abrid n izerfan akked tugdut. D awezɣi/impossible !
Ma nessuk tiṭ i umezruy n Ugraw Aârab, ad naf d ixerban di yal tamurt.
Yal tamurt tesseqdac-itt akken ad teseddu tasertit-is nettat ; zik d Maser akked Surya, syin d Libya n Gaddafi ; tga am urar n diminu, teddukel tiḥḥerci d teḥraymit, yal yiwen ikkat ad ikellex i wayeḍ, ad yečč wayeḍ.
Tamsalt n RAU/République arabe Unie di 1958, s tezdit-nni ur nessaweḍ gar Maser akked Surya, tesban-d anda tekcem twekka n « panarabisme nassérien’’, d taḥilet kan akken ad yečč timura nniḍen.
Aseqdec n temsalt n Palestine, zun d annar akken yal adabu ad ikellex i wiyaḍ, issaweḍ ɣer ṭṭrad gar Israël akked tmura taârabin di 1967 (guerre des 6 jours) (3). Kkren ad snegren Israël, ččan-d tiyita ur tettun. Israël iṭṭef amur si Maser (Sinaï), amur si Surya (adrar n Golan), iṭṭef El Quds/Jerusalem-Est akked wakal n Palestine. Inger usirem n tlalit n tmurt n Palestine tilellit.
Agraw Aârab issekcem tuccar-is di tmurt n Sudan, armi tessaweḍ temsalt ɣer txessart ur nferru : tegzem tmurt n Sudan di tnemmast, tlul-d tmurt n Sudan n Wanẓul/Soudan du Sud.
Tenger tmurt n Iraq, Agraw ibḍa d iderma ; tenger tmurt n Surya, ilul-d Daech, Agraw Aârab ittberriḥ yal ass berra n unnar.
Tasuddest/stratégie n Ugraw Aârab ass-a, tga am ray-ray gar iduba ; yal yiwen ikkat ad t-isseqdec i yiman-is. Acengu-nni n zik i ten-isduklen (Israël) ikcem-asen tasga, teqqim-asen-d temsizzelt gar-asen, am wurar-nni n tzizwit taderɣalt.
Awal aneggaru, ma yella wayen nniḍen ur nefhim di temlilit n Lezzayer deg umenzu n nunamber 2022, issefk ad aɣ-t-id-sfehmen. Nekkni neldi imeẓẓuɣen-nneɣ !
Maca, akken ibɣu yili, aneggaru di tmurt n Lezzayer, ad iddem awal-nni n ubrid : ulac tixeṛbicin/’’brouillage’’ ; tamurt n Lezzayer, am nunamber-is, ur tettnuzu ur trehhen.
Aumer U Lamara
Timerna / Notes.
1) Anwa ur nessin tamacahut n « tafunast igujilen, ur tettnuzu, ur trehhen » ? Ɣas tamurt n Lezzayer, n warraw-is, ur tezmir ad tili kan di tmara n « tafunast iteẓẓgen petrole » (am akken yura deg udlis n umaru Tahar Ould Amar).
2) La Ligue arabe, officiellement la Ligue des États arabes, est une organisation régionale à statut d’observateur auprès de l’Organisation des Nations unies. Elle est fondée le 22 mars 1945 au Caire par six pays et compte en 2015 vingt-deux États membres (l’Égypte, l’Arabie saoudite, l’Irak, la Jordanie, le Liban et la Syrie. Le Yémen du Nord les rejoint le 5 mai 1945).
2) La guerre des Six Jours s’est déroulée du lundi 5 au samedi 10 juin 1967 et opposa Israël à l’Égypte, la Jordanie et la Syrie. Cette guerre fut déclenchée par Israël en réaction aux mouvements de troupes égyptiennes et à la suite du blocus du détroit de Tiran aux navires israéliens par l’Égypte le 23 mai 1967 (les Israéliens avaient préalablement annoncé qu’ils considéreraient cet acte comme un casus belli). Le soir de la première journée de guerre, la moitié de l’aviation arabe était détruite ; le soir du sixième jour, les armées égyptiennes, syriennes et jordaniennes étaient défaites. Les chars de l’armée israélienne bousculèrent leurs adversaires sur tous les fronts.


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Ayt Mllal
Tga Bni Mllal nɣ d Ayt Mllal (s tɛṛabt : بني ملال) yat tmdint ɣ tmazirt n Lmɣrib.
Tamdint ad tlla ɣ tuẓẓumt n tasga n Bni Mllal-Xnifra.
Ɣali s tussansnfl
Tussan Bni Mllal s:
- Lɛin n aserdon
- Lksar n Bni Mllal nɣd lksar n aserdon
Asnmktasnfl
Ar ittini usiḍn lli ittyuskar ɣ usggʷas n 2014 mas[1]:
Aslmdsnfl
- Tigmiḍi n taqubbanit (middn lli ur ssin ad aqran wala ad ttaran) : 23.2%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli iɣran ar usinan n usmdi nɣd uggar : 14.4%
Tadamsasnfl
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli llan ɣ isggasn nnsn n twuri : 46.6%
- Tigmiḍi n tarwuri (middn lli ur ṭṭafn tawuri) : 18.5%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin dar lmxzn (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 18.1%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin ɣ uslig (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 43.9%

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Myal agur n yunyu akka i d lɛada di temdint n Lpari, d imelyan n iḥewwasen itt-id-iqesden, yal aseggas, i wakken ad sɛeddin ussan n imuras. Anda teddiḍ ad tafeḍ leqhawi neɣ tiḥuna n yal ṣenf n selɛa ččurent…Lɣaci am umeččim, ur ḥebsen ara am zal am yiḍ…
Imezdaɣ n Lpari sufɣen-d akk tiɛubja-nsen. Ama d tusna-nsen deg uẓawan neɣ d lḥirfat-nsen d taẓuri-nsen, snuzun-tt deg iberdan, dɣa iɛeṭṭaren agi n tirga ṭṭuqten deg iderbuzen n umiṭru, ala nutni ara d-temliliḍ mi ara trerzuḍ ɣer din, ayen akk i d-yettusemman d taẓuri n webrid yettnuz din… Mi ara yeɛeddi kra n yiwen fell-asen, yezmer ad asen-iḍegger aṣurdi neɣ sin, mawel atan iwwet iɛedda… Dagi i d-yettban wazal tesɛa tmerrit ɣer-sen d wudem yelhan i d-skanen i iberraniyen ɣef tmurt-nsen; wid i d-yusan ad ṣerfen adrim, idehrawen lḥal! Wammag wid d-yusan ad zedɣen, bḥal Azwaw, fiḥel ma nenna-d. Ay terriḍ ɣer daxel ay ul! Lḥaṣul, mačči d tagi i d taqṣiṭ n wass-a…
Deg ussan agi imuras ihi, Azwaw yetwassen mliḥ di temdint. D azwaw d tidett! D yiwen wergaz bu nneya, mi d-yeḍsa ad as-tiniḍ d iṭṭij i d-icerqen ɣef wudem-is yepfeǧǧiǧen, neɣ tenwam kfan wid t-yecban? D argaz iḥemmelen tidett, iga-tt d lsas i ddunit-is. Yesɛa mliḥ lxaṭer yerna yettbelliz lecɣal-is. Segmi ara yali wass d netta d aṣiweḍ di lɣaci alama yeɣli-d yiḍ. Anebdu s lekmal-is akken. Ulac asteɛfu ulac astehzi. Iḥella-d aɣrum-is d win n twacult-is s tidi-s. Leɛmer yexdiɛ yiwen, leɛmer yečči tidi n yiwen. Akken ara ad yecreq yiṭṭij ad t-in-tafeḍ yeḥbes ɣef rrif n wasif n Seine (asif d-igezmen tamdint n Lpari) yeṣṣawaḍ iḥewwasen s yinna, itezzi-d yissen tamdint, yettawiten ɣer kra n lemqamat yettwasnen deg-s am: Wejgu n Iffel, Nuterdam, Sidna Micil neɣ Ṣraya n Virṣay… atg. Yesḥewwis-iten s yiwet n tcariṭ d taqehwit, ireqmen s kra n lelwan iceɛlen, zzin-as ɣef leryuf ijeǧǧigen d tḥaciyin n myal ṣṣifa, i tezzuɣur tegmert-is i umi yeqqar: Mina.
D yiwet n tegmert tamellalt am wedfel, d taɛlayant, tesɛa ccama d taberkant am tmeqruṭ ɣef wenyir. Tecbeḥ dayen kan! Dɣa Azwaw iḥemmel-itt am memmu n tiṭ-is yerna yettḥadar-itt aṭṭas imi teḥreb,ad as-tiniḍ d lmalaykat. D taɛewdiwt n ssirk. Yuɣ-itt ɣef yiwen wemɣar ixedmen di ssirk arumani. Asmi it-id-yuɣ Wezwaw, ur tewwi ara lqaɛa si lferḥ, ma d winna is tt-id-yesenzen, yettru idammen, imi yetwaḥettem ad tt-yesenz. Ulamek ara yexdem fella-s. Dayen meqqer ur yezmir ara i leɛtab. Mi yeẓra neyya ɣef wudem n Wezwaw, yesenza-tt s rxa, yeǧǧa-as-d amur ameqran si ssuma n tidett i as-yefka. Yeǧǧa-as-tt-id amzun d lamana…
Iḥewwasen ttemzazalen-d akk ɣur-s ad-ten-yawi, i ten-id-ijebden d cbaḥa n Mina , yerna azwaw yesnefsusuy fella-sen taɛkemt, seg akken ur yessaɣlay ara ssuma n uṣiweḍ, arnu ɣer-s, itezzi-d yessen tamdint, yeṣṣawav-iten anda bɣan, yemmal-asen akk ismawen n imukan d isensuyen yelhan, yettwasnen di temdint. Seg akken i yettwassen, ttraǧunt akk ad-ddun yid-s, ayen yeswehmen imdukal-is, wid ixedmen am netta, ladɣa win umi qqaren: “Ludubik”. Yeṣṣaweḍ almi yennuɣ yid-s imi yeǧǧa di ssuma ɣef akken i imsefhamen yakk…
Yiwet n tikkelt, mi i d-yuɣal Wezwaw tameddit s axxam; akken yeṣṣaweḍ aḥewwas aneggaru s asensu i deg ara ad yens, tasaɛet ad tili d tmanya d wezgen. Maɛna akken kan yeɣli yiṭṭij, mazal tban tafat, igenni d azegzaw, yeṣfa am lemri, ma d abeḥri-nni n tmeddit yettara-d afud i tarwiḥt. Ass-nni, Azwaw ijmeɛ-d aṣurdi nnig n wayen iɛeddan. Dɣa iteddu s axxam yettxemmim, yekcem deg targit, tceṭṭeḥ-d ger wallen-is tziba-nni n wureɣ i yebɣa ad tt-id-yaɣ i tmeṭṭut-is « Lkaysa », imi acḥal aya tura ur s-yefki lḥaǧa ara tt-yesferḥen. Yettxemmim daɣen ɣer weqrab n ufilali i yebɣa ad t-id yawi i mm-is awḥid « Lyas », ala netta i yesɛa, imi seg asmi i d-ilul i tuḍen yemma-s, ur tezmir ara ad d-terfed tadist nniḍen. Yebɣa ad t-irebbi akken yewqem, yebɣa ad t-irebbi s teqbaylit, s yis ara d-yerr ttar di ddunit t-yewwten s rkel, ad as-yeselmed akk ayen yezgel netta, ad as-yeṣerwu ayen yecta netta, acku inig aṭṭas i as-yekkes. Yekkes-as imawlan-is d watmaten-is, asmi yunag i wakken ad yexdem fell-asen. Yebɣa daɣen ad as-yemmel iẓuran-is d wansi i d-yekka. Akken yeqqar : “{Ala wagi i yesɛiɣ, ur t-ttaǧǧaɣ ara ad yettu ansayen-nneɣ, riɣ ad yeddu akken yedda uẓar-is, ad t-yessefti, ad t-yesnerni…}”
Akken, d abrid ɣer wexxam, inehher tacariṭ-is, yettmuqul taḥzamt-nni tazeggaɣt i teqqen Mina , amek terra fella-s, terna-as sser ɣef sser! Yeɛya ittzuxxu s tegmert-is, imi s-yes i d-tettawi aɣrum n twacult-is, iḥemmel nnig kulci, wammag zik yerwa tingara… Yefka-d lleft ger yiccer d weksum!
Iteddu umeɣbun, iɣas di ttexmam, ma d Mina tettaǧǧa-d aḍu ɣer deffir. Tetteddu tettleɣway amzun d tagmart-nni i ɣef d-ttalsen di tmucuha, tinna kesben ɛlaṭen; umi slusen ureɣ d lfeṭṭa! Ladɣa mi ara tekkat tiqejjirin-is s zzux ɣer webrid yebnan s weẓru inejren. Ṣṣut-nni i d-yettara lḥafer-is di lqaɛa yefka anzi ɣer ṣṣut n uẓawan n qerqabu seg wakken tewzen tikli-s. Neɣ mi ara tekkat taseṭṭa-ines, taɣzfant, taxfifant am leḥrir, zelmeḍ yeffes, am tin yebɣan ad-tini: {“walit-iyi-d acḥal cebḥeɣ, uklaleɣ tamuɣli-nwen}.” D tagmert d wawal! Mi ara d-ɛeddisdat-k ay amdan ad tḥeṣleḍ ger targit akked tidett!
Ur yuḥtam ara Wezwaw, almi i d-tesseɣres fella-asen yiwet n lkar, teɣli-d fella-sen am ceḍla. Ad as-tiniḍ seg igenni id-teqqers, teɣli-d, neɣ s anwa isen-tt-id iceyɛen! Din din, tenneqlab yissen tcariṭ, Azwaw yufeg-d s ufella-s, yeberttax ɣer webrid, yeẓẓel di tlemmast-is, di temlella t-yewten, mbla ma ifaq d yiman-is. Ayen yeḍran yid-s amzun di targit i d-yeḍra, dayen ur iqebbel leɛqel…
Kra yeḍran ur ifaq, maɛna ul-is yufa-tt; yella kra yeḍran d Mina. Akken i d-yuki yufa-d tagmert-is ger ifassen n lmerta, iwala imiren ddunit trab ger wallen-is. Yeqqim ɣef tgecrar yettru fella-s, ur yecliɛ ula deg yiman-is ma yella kra i t-yuɣen neɣ ala. Amzun d yiwen si twacult-is i yettewten, yettru ɣef tin icerken yid-s ussan, i s-yessettun tagut n lemrar yeḍlan ɣef ddunit, ɣef tin is-d-yettawin aɣrum-is, yessengi iẓri-s fella-s am win umi tegzem tasa, deg yiwet n tiremt yeɣli-d igenni fell-as.Temmut tegmert-nni tamelḥant, amzun d yell-is i yemmuten, ur yepuɣal ara ad p-iẓer. Imiren kan kes-d dacu ur d yesnulfa wallaɣ-is; amek ara ikemmel ddunit-is? Ara irebbi mm-is? Amek ara yessefreḥ tameṭṭut-is? Ad yuɣal daɣen ɣer lxedma d waḥnunef ɣer yimɛelmen, ad ttḍebbiren fell-as, ad yuɣal ɣer icenga-nsen, xas acengu n ddunit ur s-yekmi ara, yenneḍ-as ɣef temgarṭ am llafɛa. Yexdem, yecqa, yerwa lemrar, yelluẓ, yeɛra almi yessaweḍ, s lqella d lɛella, ɣer lebɣi-s yuɣ-d tagmert-agi yeksen fella-s lḥif d wurrif, tagara tettwakkes-as deg yir lawan… Ass-agi ad yuɣal i kullec s wadda. D lmuḥal yeḍra wayen yeḍran, ar tura ur yumin ara. S ṣṣt-is yettwaxeneqen seg imeṭṭawen d taɣect-is yekkawen, yekkat deg yiman-is yeqqar-as: “{d tiṭ, wweten-aɣ s tiṭ yimcumen, d iɛdawen n Rebbi, medden akk thennan, nek yefka-iyi-d ala inɣimen}” …
Yufa-d iman-is yezzi-as wehdum n lɣaci ala tettṣebbiren ɣef ayen i yeḍran d tegmert-is, qqaren-as ma ur k-yuɣ wara, d tazmert-ik i d ṣṣeḥ, xas akken tɣaḍ-iten tegmert. Maɛna nutni ur ẓrin ara belli Azwaw limmer yufi tilli isebbel tarwiḥt-is ɣef Mina taɛzizt. D acu n ddunit i as-d-yeqqimen mebla yi-s. d taɛeggalt si twacult-is i s-iruḥen, ala netta i s-iḥulfan i tyita yečča.
Usan-d yemselken, bdan lɣaci ttemfaraqen, yekker ula d netta iɛawen-iten. Kra tettḥawaten deg-s ad tawin ɣer sbiṭer yugi; alam yeẓra anida ara rren tagmert-is. Yeggul ad yeddu yid-s alama temḍel. Sbedden tacariṭ-nni, ma d Mina teẓẓel di lqaɛa, yeffeɣ deg-s rruḥ. Mɛawanen iɣallen n usellek refden-tt ɣer tkalicṭ-nsen, aqerru-s yeççur d idammen, imal-d ɣer berra n tkalict yeɛluleq qrib ad d-yeɣli. Irefed-it-id Wezwaw s ifassen-is yettergigin, islef-as s leḥnana, iseggem-it ɣer teɣmert. Ma d iẓri-s ineggi, isfaḍay-it s lekmam-is…
Zzuɣren takalict-nni s daxel-is taḥbibt-is ukked yecrek acḥal d aseggas. Daxel-is tagmert-nni tuzyint i yesferḤen tawacult-is tamectuḥt, ass-a truê d asfel fella-sen. Takalict teteddu, idammen-is ttiqin-d, paǧǧan limarat ɣef webrid ara yilin d anagi ɣef twaɣit yeḍran. Ma d Azwaw iteddu s deffir-s, yebra i uqerru-s, yezzuɣur deg iḍarren-is gguman ad ddun, ma d allen-is ɣerqent deg imeṭṭawen…
Mi d-yewweḍ, mazal yettnaɣ was d yiḍ, ɣer sdat lbaṭima i deg-i yezdeɣ, mazal leḥzen yeččur udem-is. Bdan daɣen iɣuraf n wallaɣ-is bernen, ẓẓaden ayen i d-yevran, snulfuyen-d ayen ur nelli. Yettxemmim, iseḥsab, irennu, amek ara ferḥen wid ukked ixeddem, acḥal aya d nutni pnaɣen yid-s, ḥesdent akken ma llan imi i d-yesekcam xir-nsen, ladɣa LUDUBIK ara yafen iman-is ugar-nsen akk imi yezga yid-s d amqelleɛ. Ad ferḥen akk s twaɣit i d-yerzan fella-s, mbeɛed mi ten-wten s tiṭ, teffeɣ di Mina…
Akken iruḥ ad yekcem, yufa yakk wid ixdmen yid-s sdat n tewwurt n wexxam-is traǧunt, slan s wayen yeḍran. Mi yewweḍ ɣer sdat-sen, kren-d merra, ksen akk ticucay-nsen, ḥemden-as slam imi ur tyuɣ wara. Steqsant, s yin akin, ɣef wamek yeḍra ubaxix. Akken yebda asen-d-ittales, iêulfa deg yiwet n tikelt, ziɣ yeɣlev di leḥsab iga ɣef yimdukal-is d inargen-is it-yerǧan almi d imir-nni. Yufa ziɣ Ludubik am wiyav nniven sḥasfen i wayen i d-yeḍran yid-s, nnuɣnan ahat akken yennuɣna. Ṣebbrent ɣef tegmert-is yemmuten, uḍnen akken ma llan tiyita it-iḥuzan…
Yekcem s axxam, udem-is ixaḍ, allen-is nexrent si ɛeggu, yufa tameṭṭut-is d mmi-s ttraǧun-t ula d nutni, imeṭṭi yetturug deg wallen-nsen. Akken yekcem deg imi n tewwurt uzlen-d ɣur-s gren-as irebbi, ttrun…
Lkaysa teṭṭef deg ufus-is yiwet n tjellabt n tebratt, tefka-as-tt i Wezwaw. Mi itt-yeldi, yufa deg-s idrimen i s-d-bezren yimdukal-is uxeddim ahat ad t-ɛiwnen ad d-yerr kra seg ayen is-iruḥen ass-a, ahat, ad sen-yernu cwiṭ, ad d-yaɣ Mina tis-snat, xaṭer yeẓra d lmuḥal yiwwas ad d-tuɣal Mina …
Mi yeẓra idrimen-nni is-d-bezren yemdukal-is, yerfed aqerru-s ɣer sqef, ɣlint-d snat n tmiqwa timerɣanin seg wallen-is, cḍent ɣef leḥnak-is, udrent ɣer yimi-s… Imir-nni kan, yekcem srid ɣer wusu, akken kan yessers aqerru-s ɣef usummet, tuker-it tnafa…
Tura-tt Djidji Nait


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ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵔⴱⵉ
Awal n rbbi
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timitar n lmasi7
is jjo srk isawl rbbi gh twargiwin nk? isk jjok ijijji lligh tmridt? isk jjo ifokka sgh chayatin?
ityaran gh linjil masd yaso3 lmasi7 izzri todrt ns gh wakal ar isslkam tagldit n rbbi, ar ijijji willi mridnin d willi tkchm ro7 gh illa chr. khtid gant timitar masd ikka yaso3 dar rbbi, d ar sol iskar mayan s ghilad.
togt n aytmatngh d istmatngh gh Marrakch, d Ouarzazate, Agadir, Tiznit d togt n tghrmin yaDnin, zran d gan inagan f ma iskr yaso3 gh todrt nsn!!
Zr l9Says ad li jranin gh tmazirt ngh nit...
Brahim – tiwargiwin d twozra
Omar – chifa
Saadia – lkhalaS
is k jjo k izzri rbbi gh zond mayad? igh iga l7al yah, azn agh d gh lemail. niwi rja s a nssfld i mayan sgh dark.
Copyright © 2022, ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵔⴱⵉ


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Taqvaylit nnegh ak d Fransa isdukkel itent umezruy. Nedder akken xas macci d ayen ilhan igh issawḍen nezdi. Deg yiwet n tallit, terna yagh Fransa. Tessekna imezwura nnegh deg useggass n 1857 deg Icarriḍen. Seg assen almi d assmi i tt nessufegh d Fafa terkev ar sdat ghef ughyul n imezwura nnegh. Ur tejji deg sen rregmat, ur d-clig deg ansayen id-ufa. Twala tamurt d ayla ines u tga tesserwt deg-s akken twala iffegh fell-as. Ihwa yasen negh ala Iqvayliyen, at tmurt, nettat ur tḥar ara. Ur ten tcawer, ur ten testeqsa.
Xas akken tekkes sser ghef medden, terkeḍ laânaya nsen u tettuâedda ghef tarwa n tmurt, Fafa teldi tiwwura umaḍal d tmussni i Iqvayliyen. S lakulat i tevna d tmussniwin id-tewwi si Tuṛuft id-rebba azrem s iri-s. D wid ighran deg gharvazen ines id-yukin d tegnitt i deg llan macci d tin ara ifghen fell asen azekka. Vdan amennugh asertan issawḍan ar win n imrigen. Ur qqimen ara, ur qqiden ara tisiswa nsen almi d ass i deg istenya Krim Belqasem di Evian imtawayen n timunent. Si 1962 nuki daghen d akken neghleḍ imi nefka tamurt i wAâraven maca tagi d tamsalt nniḍen.
Seg assmi i teffegh ihi Fransa d Uqvayli irfed amennugh nniḍen ghef tlelli d tugdut. Ighil Fransa ad tili ar yidis ines imi ayen i ghef ittnagh d ayen illan d azalen is itumen Fransa. Ighil imi ghef uvrid n tidett d win izerfan n umdan i illa ad tḥud Fafa. Netta Fafa teha kan d yiman-is d leṣlaḥ ines. Ur tetteddu ara d win illan am nettat, tetteddu d win i deg ara tecc negh i deg illa leslah-is. D aya i ghef i tefka afus deg Uqvayli u tefka afus i udavu n Llezzayer. Ur illi wayen ara d-stenfaâ akken ad teddu d Uqvayli, ur illi kra n wayen ara is iruḥen ma illa ur teddi ara yid-s. Yerna teṭṭef as cwiṭ ccaḥna i Uqvayli imi d netta i tt-issufghen si Llezzayer.
Ihi ulaygher tivratin d uḥellel di Fransa. Myal mi ara irzu uselway negh kra uneghlaf afransis ar Llezzayer ad vdun Iqvayliyen tira n tevratin i deg ssuturen awal negh sin fell anegh. Ad tafeḍ tivratin agi ccurent d awal d uṛṛeggem ghef wayen nekni nessen d wayen umi i nezmer. Wanag acḥal i nella d imeddukal n Fransa d wacḥal i tt nḥemmel fiḥel awal. Maca kra din d aḍu. Kra wallant d aceyyet d usqizev negh d ṭṭma. Wiyaḍ qqaren as tadiplumasitt d aya. D aya kan i illan d tiḥjuṛin gar ifassen nnegh assa u ilaq ad tent nurar.
Akken vghun semmin as, akken vghun wallan-tt medden, tira isartiyen nnegh ur tveddel ur tettveddil acemma. Ma illa nevgha kra ilaq as ncemmer ighallen acku Fransa ma illa ur agh tekkis ara ur agh d ttak kra. Acku leṣlaḥ atan ar icenga nnegh macci ghur negh. Aseghli sseghlin Azawad d ttvut i wid icukken.


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ɣɣedlilefVB [ɣɣedlilef]
être dans l'angoisse
Flexions ɣɣedlilefyeɣɣedlalef teɣɣedlalfemt yeɣɣedlalfen ttɣedlilifeɣ ɣɣedlilfeɣ nettɣedlilif neɣɣedlilef yettɣedlilifen ɣɣedlalfeɣ neɣɣedlalef yeɣɣedlilfen ttɣedlilifet ɣɣedlilfet ittɣedlilif iɣɣedlilef ttɣedlilifen ɣɣedlilfen iɣɣedlalef ɣɣedlalfen iɣɣedlalfen tettɣedlilifeḍ teɣɣedlilfeḍ tettɣedlilifem teɣɣedlilfem ittɣedlilifen teɣɣedlalfeḍ teɣɣedlalfem iɣɣedlilfen ttɣedlilifemt ɣɣedlilfemt tettɣedlilif teɣɣedlilef ttɣedlilifent ɣɣedlilfent teɣɣedlalef ɣɣedlalfent ttɣedlilif ɣɣedlilef yettɣedlilif yeɣɣedlilef tettɣedlilifemt teɣɣedlilfemt
Sources ɣɣedlilef
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982


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Rrif
Rrif niɣ Arrif « Rrif / ⵔⵔⵉⴼ » tga tamnaḍt ɣ ugafa n tmazirt n Lmɣrib tili ɣ iggi n udrar n rrif, adrar ad lli yumsn sg yixf ar ixf n iẓẓlmḍ n Lmrruk zzɣ tanja ar iwtta n tamazirt n Dzayer. Tssajja f yill agrakal, zdɣn gis gr 3 ar 5 mlyun n imzdaɣ. Tamazirt n Arrif llan gis idrarn, d iẓaɣaṛn, d yiftisn f yill agrakal. Idrarn d tmazirt n Arrif ssnta zɣ ixf n Sbartil (Cape Spartel) d Ṭanja ɣ utaram ar ixf ikbdann (Ras Kebdana) d yiɣẓer amlwi (Mṛwct) ɣ ugmuḍ, zɣ ill agrakal ɣ ugafa ar iɣẓr n wrɣa ɣ wanẓul. zɣ iɣrman mqqurnin illan ɣ tmnaḍt n Arrif imqqurn gisn: Nnaḍur, Lḥusima, Ṭanja, Tiṭṭwan, Accawn, Brkan, Taza, Targist, Azɣnɣan, Sṛwan, Miḍar, Zayyu, Aɛarwi, Ddriwc, Ayt Buɛyyac, Imzurn, Lɛrayc, Ajdir, Tawrirt, Fnidq, d Ljbha. Idrarn n Arrif udsn idrarn n “Cordillera Bética” ɣ Ṣbanya. idrarn n Arrif udsn mac ur qqinn kra dar idrarn n watlas. Gratsn a ɣ tlla Taza. Ur d akk imzdaɣ n tmnaḍt n Arrif imqqurn ar ssawaln tutlayt tamaziɣt. Imzdaɣ n Ṭanja d Tiṭṭawin qqarn i yixf nnsn “jbala” (ijbliyn) nitni ar ssawaln taɛrabt tajblit. Tamnaḍt n “jbala” d tafult zɣ tmnaḍt n Arrif imqqurn. Iwdan issawaln tmaziɣt ɣ Arrif qqarn i yixf nnsn “Imaziɣn” niɣ “Irifiyn”.
Udamwwn ni idrarn n Rrif ur ngabaln, yan udm ar gis nttafa Ṭiṭṭawin, Targist, issaɣn d Cfcawen. Udman yaḍnin gis Kibdana, Brkan, Mililla.
Ɣ tasgayad n tamazirt Lmrruk aɣ dern 2 500 000 nu umzdaɣ. Arasn nttini Irrifiyn, irifiyn gan uggar n 4.5 mlyun ɣ amadlan.
Iɣrman mqqurnin ɣ tasga n Rrif gan : Nadur, Lhusayma, Brkan et Mlilla d Wujda.
Iɣrman imallayn n tasga n Rrif susmn baḥra willi tn tkkanin gin: Kala Iris, Marcika, Seidiya, Kapu nigru, Tala Tazegwaɣt.
Arrif tga yat tsga tamsedrart tezga-d ɣ ugafa n Lmerruk, tessajja f Yilel agrakal, zdɣn gis 4 id mlyun n imzdaɣ, ar asn nttini " Irifiyn " ar sawaln tamaziɣt tarifit.
Zɣ timdinin imqquṛn i illan ɣ tmnaḍt n Arrif imqqurn darnɣ: Nnaḍur, Lḥusima, Miḍar, Targist, Azɣenɣan, Seřwan, Zayyu, Berkan, Aɛarwi, Driwec, At Buɛeyyac, Qasita, Imzuren d Ajdir.
Idrarn n Rrif gant yat trabbut n idrarn imqquṛn ɣ ugafa n Lmaɣṛib, gis timdinin n Lḥusima, Naduṛ, Imzurn, Ajdir ... udsen ar idurar n Ordillera Bética n wenẓul n Spenya. Fad daɣ i yudsen s Yidurar n Waṭlas maca wer qqinen darsen wer llin d-amur gisen. Gratsn tlla Taza.
Amzruysnfl
Asmrs n umrig acimi ɣ Rrifsnfl
G isgwasn n 20, Sppanya tsqdec bahra amrig acimi afad ad tnru imhârkan n Àbdlkrim Axttâbi g rrif (izêlmêd n Lmrruk. Ar ass ad, asqedc ad ar iffal timitar-ns f miden, mac tanbât n lmrruk tga afna n kra igat azmmazl n imugas afad ad sawwaln f mayan.
Aylligh-d iffagh udllis n Sebastian Balfour, Deadly Embrace (Abrazo mortal) lli isawwaln f tfrka yan idêlan g Lmrruk, amadalamazigh.com yusid kra g igzman n udllis an (aghbalu anbdad tenglizt d tsbanyulit) d kra n izdayn yadênin.[1]
Tussutin tiqqburasnfl
Zrint mnnawt tiɣram ɣ tasga n Rrif, taɣrma ifiniqqiyn, irumiyn, iwidayn, dtiad yaḍnin, ig Rrif yat tasga ɣ Lmrruk li baḥra ittyumizn s ibbrraniyn, acku illa f il umlil ntuzzumt if udm amzwaru n tmazirt lmrruk.
Tusutin tuzzuminsnfl
Ɣ tusutin tuzzumin Rrif iga tagldid n nikur ..
Tussutin n ɣilladsnfl
lgirra n Rrifsnfl
Tagdudant n Rrifsnfl
Tasimaltsnfl
Tiɣbulasnfl
- ↑ ASQDEC N UMRIG ACIMI G RRIF Mondeberbere.com


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Nurdin At Ḥemmuda, deg tedwilt » timlilit » i d-yettilin deg tilizri n BRTV i d-yessali Ḥemmu Merzuk, yuɣal-ed ɣef teswiɛt n tsertit deg tettili tmurt taqbaylit d tin umi qqaren lezzayer, yenna-d » ulac tifrat i tmurt taqbaylit ma ur telli ara timanit ».
Mači d netta i d aserti aqbayli amezwaru i yessawḍen ar tifrat agi, deg wid umi neqqar « les algériennistes », send netta yella Khaled Tazaghert, ula d netta ar ugemmuḍ agi i d-yessaweḍ anda yendem ula deg suter ines n usefti n tutlayin timaziɣen deg lezzayer irkulli yenna-d » ndemmeɣ nek yennuɣen akken tutlayin timaziɣin ad uɣent deg lezzayer irkulli, acku armi d tura i d-erriɣ s lexbaṛ belli ilaq ad nelhu deg tazwara deg tmurt taqbaylit send yal taɣawsa ».
Mači d acekker neɣ d aseɛzez n Nurdin d kra n isertanen n tmurt taqbalit i d-yewwi fella-neɣ ad ten-neg deg uḍris agi, maca akken kan ad nini belli ass-a n wussan, yella wemsegzi deg wennar aserti deg tmurt taqbaylit akken ilaq ad nṛuḥ kan ar yiwet n tefrat yugaren yakk timsal nniḍen tagi d asbeddi d usali n uwanek aqbayli.
Deg tbideyyut agi ara d-afen deg tagara n weḍris-nneɣ ad tafem akk ayen ɣef wayeg d-nemmeslay, ur yelli d asqizzeb ur yelli d tatut, maca newḍ-ed ar wakud anda myezwaren lecɣal, ayen yellan d tuḥsifin wwaygar-aneɣ yezmer s yeqbayliyen d teqbayliyin yezmer ad yarju alamma d asmi ara nessiweḍ ar wesbeddi n tegduda taqbaylit.


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Ayt Medici (asusruy-nnes med-ee-chee) neɣ d Tawja n Medici, seg tewjiwin akkʷ tettwassennin, ɣur ikka yan waddur axatar ammas n Flurinsa Ṭṭalyan ger iseggʷasen n 1300 d 1600, s turart-nnsen g mennaw yigran zun d tasertit, tadamsa d tdelsa. Seg tmental n tixxutert-nnsen akud-ann; tugedt-ann n yibankiwen nna ɣef baḍen zun d abank akkʷ nna mi ɣur illa watig ammas n Turupt, aɣulen gan s udabu-ad-nnsen amm yat tewja nna igan tageldant. Kigan g yimɣaren n Flurinsa n tleslalit kkan-d Ayt Medici. Ffuɣen-d seg tewja-ad kkuẓ yibabaten n tegliziyt takatulikt; Ababa Leo X (wis-10), Ababa Clement VII (wis-7), Ababa Pius IV (wis-4) d Ubaba Leo XI (wis-11), awed snat g tgellidin n Fṛansa; Catherine de Medici d Marie de Medici. Ikka-t-nn da ittusemma umekkasu n udabu-nnsen awtuskan s Ageldun Ameqqran.
Flurinsa d Ayt MediciEdit
Amssersel asalan n tewja-ad iga-t Giovanni Bicep de' Medici (1360-1429), kkan-t-nn yad-lli ayt dar-s da tteggan tasebbabt n taḍut, izri nettan aked iwwi-s Cosmo de' Medici (1389-1464) s yiger abankan swurin gi-s ammas n Flurinsa, sserslen awed itsen iẓlan-yaḍnin g mennawt temdinin tirupiyin zun d London d ula Bariz, smunen s tmentilt-a yan wayda anesbaɣur sekren yan udabu akeswat, wami ikka ubank-nnsen iga yan seg yibankiwen akkʷ jujjegnin dar illa yan waddur axatar g Turupt. D sya ad d-tekka tenbaḍt-ann tasertant nna s ttyawssanen g Flurinsa s izwar, fad ilemma Ṭṭalyan aked Turupt ḍart-as. Ttyawssanen ayt Medici s tkessa-nnsen d trarit-nnsen n taynit s tẓuri d yinaẓuren n tizi-ann.
Teṭṭaf yad-lli Flurinsa yat temguri. S usenɣed, tekka-tt-nn tettyawssan s temguri-nnes n tefsin. Ikka-t-nn ger ayt Flurinsa d ayt Lumbardya (agafa n Ṭṭalyan) yan wassaɣ asenzan (anesbab), uwin-as-d taḍut tawneglizt, d umeṭṭalfu acinwi s zzaḍen anaw n tifest akkʷ ihiyyan ammas n Turupt akud-ann. Tga Flurinsa yan udɣar awstratij aked tettacka tazzult-ad iddeɣ da tettaser kigan d waman. Uckan-d tɣermiwin n tama-nnes afella n tewririn, tili nettat ammas n yan uzaɣar abaraw g ittazzal asif n Arnu.
Ikka-t-nn iga Cosimo de' Medici yan "patriot" d yan upaṭrun. "Patriot" acku ikka-t-nn iga dar temdint-nnes zun d amaraw-nnes, yaɣul yamu g useqqamu n yiɣrem, yat trabbut n yirgazen mi qqaren "signorina" (imɣaren neɣ d iwessaren). Issersel-d Cosimo isuḍaf s da snumen irgayen (taxes). Nekren-d kra n yinesbaɣuren lli ten ur issusim waddad-ann ammʷ, mmuttin seg temdint s yat tikkelt, taɣawsa nna ifkan i Cosimo uggar n udabu ger ifassen-nnes. Iṭhella mezyan g temguri, g tsebbabt wala takerza, acku tiɣawsiwin-a ad akkʷ taser Flurinsa akud-ann, yaser nettan s wudem iẓlin "fidélité" n akkʷ uẓuten (fermes) d yiɣerman, acku irxa ɣef yat temdint illan g wammas n uzaɣar ad tettyawzḍem.
Ikka-t-nn iga "patrion" acku "supporter" teglizt, d ugudi n yimaraten, inaẓuren, imesdagen d yinelmaden. Issersel-d yat "Tkadimit Taplaṭunit" mani g ɣiyen inelmaden-nnes ad zerrun tiwuriwin n yimaraten igriken izaykutnin d ad msawaḍen ɣef tsertit, asged d tektiyin timaynutin. Ikka-t-nn iga yiɣef (amɣar) n tkadimit-ann yan ufilusuf igan s yisem Marsillio Ficino. Issebɣes Cosimo imesdagen ad "désigner" tuṣkawin ɣef tmamekt n Ṛuma Tazaykut. Ismutter yat tsedlist taxatart n yidlisen d warraten ifka-ten i teɣzamt n San Lorenzo afad ad ten-smersen inelmaden-nnes. Ikka-t-nn da bedda ittekka Friary (irwasen kra n teɣzamt) n Sant Marco s uwettas n tizgi d lehnawt, ikka-t-nn altu da gi-sen issebɣas yan g "aytmaten" lli dinn illan, Fra Angelico, ad iklu tifelwin ẓilnin fuẓernin.
Ḍart tmettant n Cosimo, yaɣul wayyaw-nnes Lorenzo de' Medici ittyawssan uggar akkʷ n uyenna izrin. Qqaren-as Lorenzo il Magnifico (the Magnificent). Azemz n Lorenzo a'g t-nn-kkan ar ttidiren ammas n Flurinsa kra g yinaẓuren akkʷ ttyawssannin g umezruy n umaḍal, swurrin dar Ayt Medici:- Botticelli, Michelangelo d Leonardo da Vinci.


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Wp/rif/Muḥend n Abd Krim Lxeṭṭabi
Muḥamed n Ɛabd Krim Lxeṭṭabi niɣ Mulay Muḥed d anezbay amaziɣ d ameɣrabi zi tesga n Arrif. D aselway n tegduda n Arrif jar useggwas 1921 d 1926. Imneɣ aked Uspanyu d Fransa. Ggin as assaɣ n izem n Arrif ggin t d ageldun n imjahden yugi ad yili d agellid n Arrif. Mamec yugi ad yilli d lxalifa n imselmen.
Tlalit d tegmi nnesEdit
Ilul deg iɣerm n Ajdir deg usggwas 1882. Ilmed xef ufus n babas, ikemmel tiɣri nnes di tinmel n ṣfarin d craṭin di fas. Idwel ɣar fas d akabar seg babas i sulṭan Ɛabd Laḥfiḍ iwsisfiw n umenɣi aked Bu Teɣyult ( Bu Ḥmara).
- iɣra di tesdawit n lqarawiyin
- illa d aselmad d anezrafu
Asbeddi n Tegduda n ArrifEdit
Isbedd mulay Muḥend Deg usggwas 18 Cutanbir 1921 Tagduda taeṣrit s Dustur d lberlaman. Umi ggin Imezdaɣ n Arrif Tagrawla x Spanya.Tamaẓunt nnes Ajdir Tadrimt nnes Rifan Tafugla Tanamurt ass n 18 Cutanbir . Di tira s Teeṛabt semman as « Jumhuria Errifiya », ma Irifiyen ddmen awal nni n Sbanya, rran t d assaɣ ( isem) Amaziɣ: « Ri bublik n Arrif ». Ur illa imir nni n wawal n « ribublik » di Tmaziɣt Tarifit, awal nni nessen assa : Tagduda n Arrif . Awal nni s timmad-si ifra tamsalt tameqrant. Ur tella d tagelda i – id-ilulen seg idurar n Arrif. Abrid ibṛez, yenjeṛ yessuffeɣ: tagduda n Arrif i d ilulen seg iẓuran n tmurt, zi teqbilin akken llant. Adabu i d ilulen yusa d zi teqbilin n tmurt, zeg iɣerman akkd tzeɣwa n tmurt n Arrif.
Asinf nnesEdit
Deg usggwas 1926 ar 1947 yettwanfa Muḥend Abdelkrim ɣer tegzirt n La Réunion, azal n 9000 km akkin deg ilel n Lhend. Isuter cḥal n tikkal ḥuma ad iffeɣ zi tmurt nni.
Tamettant nnesEdit
Immut Mulay Muḥend di Lqahira (Maṣaṛ) di 6 Brayer 1963. Imḍeṛ di "lmqbara n cuhada" di Lqahira


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Ttɛeddayen iseggasen, ttawin udmawen d wayen deg-sen yeḍran, s wayen yelhan d wayen ur nelhi. Maca, ismektiyen ttɣiman, urǧin ad sefḍen seg wallaɣ. Tigawin, ur ttmettatent ara, akken i as-yenna Dda Lmulud deg wawal-is “Yella yiwen ulac-it yella, yella yiwen yella ulac-it”. Muḥemmed Uharu d yiwen deg-sen, ɣas ulac-it, maca s wayen i d-yeǧǧa d leqdic d yigerrujen yella. Amennuɣ ɣef tumast, mazal nettwali-t yella u d awezɣi ur yettili ara. Imi d yiwen seg yimeɣnasen imenza i irefden tikti n tmaziɣt d unaḍeḥ fell-as, d yiwen i yumnen s umennuɣ ɣef tutlayt-is, deg yiwet n tallit n ẓẓmik d leḥris, anida i tessaweḍ tsertit n yimir ad teṭṭef ɣer leḥbus win ara d-ineṭṭqen yiwen n wawal s teqbaylit deg tmanaɣt. Muḥemmed Uharun d yimdukal-is, ur rrin ara aḍar ɣer deffir, kemmlen di leqdic-nsen ɣas s tuffra, acku ẓran ma nuḍḥen nutni, ad d-taweḍ tallit ideg tamaziɣt ad d-teffeɣ ɣer unnar, ad d-tenser seg lebḥer n tatut.
D baba-s yakan i yezwaren s amennuɣ ɣef tmurt d tlelli-ines, imi yeɣli d ameɣras deg ugni n yiseɣ, deg tegrawla n Lezzayer aseggas n 1958. Ma d yemma-s, temmut deg twaɣit n ubrid, mi d-tuɣal deg tirza ɣur-s si lḥebs n Berwageyya. Ilul Muḥemmed Uharun deg Tefrit, tamnaḍt n Uqbu di Bgayet, ass n, 13 yebrir 1944. Akken yekcem ɣer uɣerbaz, yella d anelmad ifazen. Seld tagrawla, deg 1963, yekcem ɣer Wammas n tarwa n ccuhada deg temdint n Lɛelma. Aseggass n 1967, yekcem ɣer C.N.E.T n Sidi Ɛic, syin iruḥ ikemmel taɣuri-s di tesnawit n Delles, din i d-yewwi akayad n BAC.
Dɣa teldi-as-d tesdawit n Lezzayer tiwwura. Din i t-id-tekcem tikti n umennuɣ ɣef tmaziɣt, seld timliliyin akked Mulud Mɛemmri, imir dɣa i yebda anadi d usekfel n laṣel. Yessaweḍ ula ad yeg tisuqilin i temsirin n tfizikt, akken ad d-ibeggen belli tamaziɣt tezmer i tussna am nettat am tutlayin-nniḍen. Gar yiseggasen n 1972 d 1975, yesnulfa-d snat n tesɣunin s tmaziɣt i yettwarun s tifinaɣ, tigi d tisɣunin “Iṭij akked Taftilt”. Yekki gar wid isersen lbumbat i tiliẓri taɣelnawt di tlemmast n tmanaɣt ass n, 5 yennayer 1976, akked Smaɛil Meǧber, Lwennas Qasi d Ḥusin Cerradi . Ttwaṭṭfen ɣer lḥebs n Tazult (Lambèse). Din i yesɛedda 11 d aseggas, gar ucqerri (agression) n tfekka d wawal.
Mbeɛd isuturen n twaculin-nsen d twacult tamagdayt gar yinaẓuren, imyura d yimnadiyen n tallit-nni, yella-d usuffeɣ-nsen si lḥebs ass n, 5 meɣres 1987. Muḥemmed Uharun ikemmel deg ubrid n tira, dɣa yura ammud n tmedyazt “Abrid n tlelli”, yura daɣen timsirin ɣef tjerrumt n tmaziɣt, u yeɛreḍ ad d-yessuqel leqran ɣer tmaziɣt, d netta i yuran asefru “Monsieur le président” i yecna Meɛtub Lwennas deg yiwet gar tezlatin-is icebḥen. Syin ikemmel amennuɣ deg yirebbi n Umussu adelsan amaziɣ, yella gar yimsuddsen n temlilit tis snat n MCB deg yulyu 1989 deg Tizi Uzzu. Yemmut Muḥemmud Uharun ass n, 22 maggu 1996, yeǧǧa-d deffir-s tameṭṭut-is d snat n yessi-s. Yemmut akken i d-ilul, di lḥif d lmizirya, maca udem-is ad yeqqim deg umezruy, ma d isem-is ur iseffeḍ ara imi d azamul gar yizumal n umennuɣ ɣef tidet. D natta i d bab n wawal “Ma d aɛebbuḍ i yettarran imdanen deɣlen, nekk aɛebbuḍ-iw ɛemdeɣ ad t-ččareɣ d iẓra”.
Khaled Achoui


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Lydia Guerchouh, d taɛeggalt n tesmilt n uktazal n Temsizzelt n usmuzzeɣ n twennaḍt, amwakken i tella diɣ gar wid i d-iheggan amawal n usmuzzeɣa n tedbelt. Nestaqsa-tt ɣef yisenfaren-a.
Telliḍ, kemm, deg teseqqamut n uktazal n Temsizzelt n usmuzzeɣ n twennaḍt. Awal ɣef wamek i tufam tamaziɣt deg unnar…
Lydia Guerchouh :Taseqqamut n uktazal n temsizzelt n usmuzzeɣ n twennadḍt, terra lwelha-ines ɣer usexdem n tmaziɣt deg yiberdan akked tedbelt. Ma nmuqel ɣer yizumal n temsizzelt-agi, ad naf s umata, tuddar akk ttwarunt s tmaziɣt, ahric-agi n uktazal, yessefraḥ aṭas imi d timexḍa tuddar ur nuri ara s tmaziɣt. Ma d aḥric n tedbelt, aṭas i ixussen deg-s. Tuget n yimezla i yellan di tɣiwanin ur urin ara s tmaziɣt. Nger tamawt daɣen ɣer tuccḍiwin n tira d umgarad n yirman/wawalen… D tamawin-agi i aɣ-yewwin dɣa ad d-nesbedd tasmilt i usbeddi n umawal n tedbelt ara yettunefken i tɣiwanin akken ad t-sɛunt d aɣbalu.
Aql-iken daɣen la d-tteheggim amawal n tdeblet. Amek i tettwaliḍ leqdic am wa deg usnerni n tutlayt tamaziɣt?
Tamaziɣt, tuɣal d tutlayt taɣelnawt tunṣibt di tmendawt, maca teqqim kan di lkaɣeḍ. Anagar aselmed-is di kra n yigezda, ur nettwali ara adeg-is deg unnar. Ihi, i wakken ad d-yili usemres n tutlayt-a, yessefk ad ilin yimahilen ara ineǧren abrid. Amawal n tedbelt i nra ad t-id-nessuffeɣ, ad yili, di tazwara, yerza kan ayen yellan di tɣiwanin d ugezdu. Ad yili d aɣbalu akken ad teddukkel tira d yirman n yismawen n yimezla d yinarayen. Aṭas n yiselwayen n tɣiwanin i yettraǧun amawal-a s ccuq akken ad qablen yis-s agdud i asen-d-yessuturen asemres n tmaziɣt. Iswi n umahil-agi, ad isekker tikti n usemres n tmaziɣt di twennaḍt, ad yeldi tiwwura i yimezla-nniḍen am tḥuna, tinsufarin, lbankat… Imi d lawan tura ad nessuffeɣ tamaziɣt ɣer berra, ad tili d tutlayt n usiwel di yal adeg, ɣef yal asentel.
Hocine Moula


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Izerzer
Izerzer (Assaɣ ussnan: Cervidae) d aɣersiw asuṭad yeṭṭafaren adu-telmest n tmesluffaẓ seg tfesna n tsenfednin. Izerzren d iɣersiwen imyiwnen ilan (yesɛan) iɣsan deg iqerruyen-nsen dɣa iɣsan-a gan d acciwen
Llan-t wazal n 60 n telmas n tzerzrin deg umadal am izerzer amaziɣ (izerzer amyiwen yettidiren deg Tafriqt), Amezzirez d tizerzert d waṭas n telmas n iden
Llan-t telmas yettidiren deg yidgan semṭen d tilmas yettidiren deg yidgan yemnummsen deg tẓegwa neɣ deg izaɣaren yeldin
AglamẒreg
Izerzren d iɣersiwen yemgaraden s waṭas deg ubleɣ maca d nutni yakk i d iɣersiwen izagiren iy meqqren yakk deg Uruppa d Tamrikt n Ugafa, Amezzirez n Temrikt n ugafa imeqqren yakk acku addud-is yettawaṭ ar 2,3 m ma d azuk-is yettawaṭ ar 820 kg


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Asekki: Y.R
Deg imalas ig iɛdan ittwazuzzar uneɣmis n lehlac n ij n tḥenjirt di Facebook. Taḥenjirt-a d tameḥdart di tesdawit n Selwan ɣar-s 21 iseggusa tehlec s uxenzir (Cancer), yemmarni x-as lḥal deg ussan-a ineggura awarni umi tegga ccimyu illa wer ɣar-s tufi ca. Taḥenjirt-a umi qqaren « Ouiam » arramet-nnes tuḥel, yeqqim-as ij unaruz ḥenda ad teggenfa, ad tegg ij n uparasyu s 60 Melyun. Imeɣnas n umussu adelsan Amaziɣ, araq n Selwan kkren ad ggen twiza aked tḥenjirt-a s yisem n AAIM » Amun anamur imḥeḍaren n Lmerruk » Jar letnayen d larbeɛ (tnayen n wussan) smunenen ɛlayen tnayen n melyun. X uɣezdis nneɣni kkren imseɛfen ( lkurras /rifaq) nnan blli qa AAIM d agla-nneɣ zi zzman. Ublli imeɣnas qa teggen-aneɣ ddcac di tesdawit, uca wtin tnayen n imeɣnas s tqerbuzin d timzebbarin… Ar da yiwed ccɣel ar ass-a n larbeɛ.


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Deg useggas n tɣuri 86/87 umi ttuɣa imeḥḍaren n llisi sɣuyyun x lḥeqq-nnsen, aṭṭas n imeḥḍaren rewlen. Ad x-asen d-adfen lemxazniya ɣer daxel i llisi. Ḥedd inya x lḥiḍ, ḥedd iruḥ ɣer lqisem ibelleɛ-d x-as tawwurt. Maca Farid Akruḥ d Saɛid Buḍḍuft wer wwiḍen ad rewlen nitni, Saɛid ula kṭer netta ttuɣa-t d ameɛḍur. Uca ad ten-wten lemxazniya d ssimi ar mani ig immut Farid i ttuɣa yeqqaren di tmussni d netta ɛad wer yiwiḍ aseggas-nnes wis ɛicrin.
Maca Saɛid immut deg wexxam-nnes di tmeddit-nni zegga ig icca ca n teyyita d tiɛeffanin di arrimet-nnes. Ula kṭer netta ttuɣa-t d uqlil di seḥḥet-nnes wer yiwiḍ ula seṭṭac n iseggusa di buḥbel-nnes.
Ilul Saɛid Buḍḍuft di ddcar n Tizi Uɛekki, jjwayeh n wuggug n Ɛbdelkrim Lxeṭṭabi ass n 25 Yennayer deg ijjen twacunt wer ɣer-sen ca. Tuɣa-t zeg imeḥḍaren imiɣisen, amec x-as cehden iselmaden-nnes.


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Am wass yecban iḍelli, 15 deg meɣres, i yettwanɣa Mouloud Feraoun deg Lezzayer tamanaɣt sɣur tuddsa OAS, netta akked xemsa-nniḍen n yixeddamen. I lmend n usmekti wis 58 n tmenɣiwt-is, ihi, thegga-d tddukkli, yewwin isem-is, yiwen wahil d anesbaɣur deg taddart n umaru, Tizi Hibel, taɣiwant n At Meḥmud deg lɛerc n At Dwala. Tasebḥit n yiḍeli n lḥedd, yella usrusu n tmeqqunt n yijeǧǧigen ɣef uẓekka n Lmulud At Caɛban akked tmenna n kra n tnagiyin ɣef umecwar d tmeddurt n umaru ameqran Lmulud At Caɛban. Am wakken i d-ɣran diɣ yinelmaden isenfaren-nsen i yuran s tlata n tutlayin (Tamaziɣt, taɛrabt d tefrensist) ɣef demma n usiher-agi.
Ma deg tzeqqa n tddukkla Mouloud Feraoun, tella-d temsikent n teklut, idlisen, iḍrisen d wayen yettwarun ɣef Lmulud At Caɛban akked Racid Ɛellic. Tella-d diɣ tmenna n tmedyazt sɣur kra n yinaẓuren. Ɣer taggara, tella-d lwaɛda. I usmekti, ad yelli usenfar n lebni n sin yisebdad, yiwen i Lmulud At Caɛban, wayeḍ i Faḍma At Mensur. Am wakken i d-tella temsizzelt n tira gar tlata n yiɣerbazen-agi ilemmasen : Mouloud Feraoun n Tizi Uzzu, Abdiche Mahdi n At Yiraten d Alliche Youcef n At Mahmoud. Ma d arrazen n wid ara d-yufraren deg temsizzelt-a, ad ttwafken ass n, 16 deg yebrir 2020, deg Uxxam n yidles Mulud Mɛemmri n Tizi Uzzu. Ɣef leqdic-a, yenna-d Mokrane Nessah : ‘’Lmulud At Caɛban, d yiwen umdan i yettwalin ɣer sdat.
Ayen akk i d-yenna deg uɣmis-is, ha-t-an la d-iḍerru tura. Ma seg tama n leqdic-nneɣ, nebɣa ad yettwassen sɣur tsuta-agi timeẓyanin. Am wakken nebɣa ad as-nexdem yiwen n usebdad. Imi i d i yi-tettunefk tegnit, ad snemreɣ diɣ tanemhalt n yidles n Tizi Uzzu imi tefka isem Mouloud Feraoun i temkerḍit n At Dwala, mebla ma ttuɣ Aseqqamu aɣerfan n Tizi Uzzu APW, i iqeblan ad d-yessewjed yiwet n temlilit tagraɣlant fell-as. Am wakken ara nexdem tazmart-nneɣ i wakken ad d-nessuffeɣ seg tatut Faḍma At Mensur, u ad as-nefk azal i tuklal’’.
Ayen yenna d wayen yura
Gar wayen yenna Lmulud At Caɛban ‘’Ay imdanen igujilen, aɛdawen n uzekka, ugaren wid n tura’’. Neɣ mi yenna : ‘’Ulac imuras i yecban ussan deg tmurt’’, ‘’Ilaq ad d-nsellek tasuta-a, axater ur tesɛi ara lxetyar : ya ad tt-nger neɣ ad tenker iman-is’’. Isem Feraoun, tefka-t Fransa i twacult-is deg useggas n 1873. Yekcem s aɣerbaz n taddart-is deg useggas n 1920, deg leɛmer-is 7 n yiseggasen. Mi yekfa leqraya-ines deg Lezzayer tamanaɣt, yuɣal d aselmad deg tmurt n leqbayel, syin yezzi daɣen ɣer tmanaɣt deg useggas n 1957. Yettwanɣa sɣur OAS ass n, 15 deg meɣres 1962 deg Lezzayer tamanaɣt. Gar wayen yura, ad naf : Le Fils du pauvre, Journal, Les poèmes de Si Mohand, Jours de Kabylie, L’anniversaire, La terre et le sang, Les chemins qui montent, Lettres à ses amis… atg.
H. M.


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I kečč i d-izegren leqrun, ala tutlayt i d-tegliḍ daɛwin-ik; lemtul, inzan d tmucuha…
Ass-a ɣef yiman-ik tbedeleḍ, ur tecbiḍ yemma-k, ur tettakeḍ anzi ɣer baba-k. Teddiḍ di lǧǧera n yenɣimen-ik.
Tettnadiḍ ɣef win ik-yekkaten, ɣef win ik-imedlen allen i wakken ur tezerreḍ ansi i d-tekkiḍ. Tettnadiḍ iman-ik deg-sen, deg wid ur ncuba ɣur-k!
Ttxil-k dayen asexrtem fell-i, ula d imezuɣen-iw ɛyan deg imesli n umeslay am wagi: {“nek d atrar, ddunit tbeddel, akka i teddun lecɣal…”} , ḥfan si zhir n wawalen-ik.
I weberrani tefkiḍ afus-ik, gma-k ass-a deg-s tefkiḍ afus. Teḍra yid-k am win yettḥebbin nger!
Nnif i ak-ssexnunsen d ayen i ɣef ur yezmir wemdan ad yeqqen allen, ula d imi-k atan ibeddel, mi ara d-yeffeɣ seg-s wawal; tikwal ar tama tayeffust, tikwal ar tzelmaṭ.
Imal-inek tebriḍ-as deg urebbi n at Rebbi, deg-sen terǧǧiḍ tifrat, maca tettuḍ amek igan, d acu-ten ? si zik iḍarren-ik ttemḍakkalen, tikwal s asemmar tikwal s amalu, ttewiqen s izerfan-ik, ttewiqen s neyya-k… ula d iẓṛi-nsen ur d-yessakad ara ɣur-k!
Kečč a gma yugaden ad tezziḍ allen-ik s anda i d-tefruriḍ d acu i tugadeḍ ? neɣ tḥemleḍ kan ad twaliḍ wid-nni ik-isderɣillen, wid-nni ik-yeṣawḍen tifidi s iɣes?
Tira-k ass-a d ayen ur tt-ferẓeɣ.
Nniɣ-as : {“awah tagi mačči ttira n gma!”} Ugadeɣ asmi ara d-testeqsi yemma ɣef wamek i tuɣaleḍ d tikli d-tewwiḍ, ur ttafeɣ d acu ara ad as-iniɣ.
Ur bɣiɣ ad as-iniɣ:“ D ayen ttu mmi-m a yemma, mmi-m ibdel tikli, ibdel izli, akal deg i d-yefruri ur tiɛqil ara, anda yettedu ur yeẓri, acku yettu ansi i d-yekka. Ass-a mmi-m a yemma d tafekka mebla iman, d ayeddid ǧǧan waman.”
Ṭawes At Ṣid


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Taseɣleyt
Taseɣleyt d ameccaq imzirig ɣef tfekka tuwnist. Taseɣleyt d tin igan d taxatart s waṭas deg tenzeggit yakk d tnezkeṛdist.
Taseɣleyt n twinest[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Taseɣleyt n twinest d ameccaq ɣef twinest. Irem-a yettusexdem i wakken ad imel tifekkiwin timdettiyin. Akken i yettusexdem i wakken ad imel tifekkiwin tisnakanin timadwanin.
Taseɣleyt n twinest trennu s tmerniwt n wekdu-ines. Afaris n beṭṭu n tseɣleyt ɣef wekdu d usbiṭ, yerna s kra ɣef wuṭṭun 3, ayen yennumken d akken taseɣleyt tegda 3 n tikkal n wekdu.
Assaɣ yakk d Pi[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Taseɣleyt n twinest yeqqen yakk d yiwet seg tmezgiwin tisnakanin tixatarin deg yakk taɣulin n tusnakt, Pi (Azamul-is s Tegrikt π). Atig aneṭṭun n π yegda 3.14159... (ẓeṛ A000796) yettwassen d afimudi gar n tseɣleyt d twinest ɣer wekdu-ines.
Tanfalit ɣef tseɣleyt n twinest tettili-d s wassaɣ
Anda C tesgensis taseɣleyt, ma d d yesgensis akdu n twinest, ma d r d aqqaṛ.


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Timassanin tinlɣanin
Timassanin tinlɣanin nɣ Timassanin timẓlanin-tinlɣanin (s Taserɣint : علوم شكلية , s Tafransist : sciences formelles )
Anaw ad n timassanin tumi tugt n timassanin zund : Tusnakt, Tamẓla, Tasenselkimt ...
Aẓuṛ n yism[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Taguri ad tkkad assaɣn n Talɣa, Tamẓla, ilma nssufɣd sgitsen ifrisen n kud yan gisn, iẓr uggar bac a tisant uggar.
Amawal :[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Talɣa : la forme
- Alɣa : formel
- Tanlɣant : formelle
- inlɣan : formels
- Tinlɣanin : formelles
- Timassanin : sciences
- Tamassant : sciences
- Tasnaẓɣuṛt : étymologie
- Tamẓla : logique (nom)
- Tamẓlant : logique (adjectif)
- Timẓlanin : logiques (adjectif)


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Tawilayt n Ɛin Timucent
Tawilayt n Ɛin Timucent d Tawilayt deg tmurt n Lezzayer. Zedɣen-tt 371 239 n yimezdaɣen. Ma d tajumma-ines tesɛa azal n 2 376,89 km². Tamanaɣt ines d tamdint n Ɛin Timucent. Tawilayt-a tebḍa ɣef 8 n tdayriwin:
- Tadayra n Ɛin Kiḥel (Ɛin Kiḥel, Aɣlal, Ɛegb Llil, Ɛin Ṭṭelba)
- Tadayra n Ɛin Larebɛa (Ɛin Larebɛa, Tamzura, Sidi Bumedyen, Oued Sabah (fr) )
- Tadayra n Ɛin Timucent (Ɛin Timucent, Sidi Ben Ɛedda)
- Tadayra n Bni Ṣaf (Bni Ṣaf, Sidi Ṣafi, Lamir Ɛebdelqader)
- Tadayra n Lɛemreyya (Lɛemreyya, Buzeǧǧar, Wlad Buǧemɛa, El Messaid (fr) , Ḥasi Lɣella)
- Tadayra n Lmaleḥ (Lmaleḥ, Wlad Kiḥal, Targa, Ceɛbet Llḥem)
- Tadayra n Ḥemmam Buḥǧer (Ḥemmam Buḥǧer, Centuf, Wad Berqec, Ḥsasna)
- Tadayra n Ulhaṣa Lɣerraba (Ulhaṣa Lɣerraba, Sidi Uryac)


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Hicam Beɛɛu : zi tusna n imaziɣen zeg udlis Nnan di zic n Wussan
Tḥajit mala tweḍḍar, ad tt-naf. Mala tewḍa ɣar laggwaj, ad tt-idd-neksi s lmexḍaf.
Di zic n wussan, ttuɣa dinni ij n tḥenjirt tlemmed Lqurɛan di lemsid. Taḥenjirt-a qqaren as Tutiya.
Tutiya ttuɣa-tt d tameẓyant, maca deg-s tiɣit aṭṭas, walli drust.
Terra-s taynit i Lefqi n tmezyida melmi mma innuri ca n yijj, ireẓẓem xaf-s amḍel, iskuṭṭuf-s zi lekfen bac ad zeg-s igg ibexruras. Tutiya yuẓa ɣer-s wesɣad. Deg ijj n wass zeg wussan, txarres mliḥ di temsirt-a, wer tufi ɣir a das tt-tini i ibba-s. Tudef-dd xaf-s s yijj n wazul, tessudem-as afus. Maca iban di tifras nnes belli ɣer-s ca ad ttini.
Ibbas am t-ttuɣa ibbuẓẓel, ikker-dd yeqqim, yenna-s :
– Yak, aqqa-cem mliḥ, a yelli ? Tbaned-ayi-dd tesḥussed !
Terra xaf-s tenna :
– Uhu, a ibba! Ttuɣa txarseɣ deg yij n temsirt waha.
– Min dinni, Tutiya? Min teɛna temsirt-a ?
Tutiya s tiggwdi, ttenna-s :
– Uhu, a ibba! Lefqi waha !
– Lefqi ? Min t yuɣin ? Yak ma yewta-i-cem ?
– Uhu, a ibba! Xseɣ a dac-iniɣ: Lefqi nni aqqa ẓriɣ-t, a ibba, iskuṭṭuf zi lekfen n yinni innuryen. Aqqa melmi mma imḍel ca n yijj, tiwecca-nnes iskuṭṭuf-as zi lekfen.
Ibbas n Tutiya wer das-yudif min teqqar yellis ɣer uzellif :
– Manaya teqqared ammu, a Tutiya inu?
Tutiya tejjull belli manaynni teqqar d tidet.
– Aqqa ẓriɣ t s tiṭṭawin-inu, aa ibba!
Baba-s n Tutiya wer kid-s d yusi min yesla x yiles n yellis. Maca, di tidet, manis wenni aked dd-ɣa-yas manaya ? wer tt-ikessi uzellif, wer ɣer-s ittidef.
Aked tẓallit n leɛca, iṭṭef abrid ɣer tmezyida. Dinni, a dasen-yini i Ayt dcar min teẓra yellis.
– Ahya Ayt ddcar! Ma teẓrim min ittemsern di tmezyida ? Lefqi-ya, ittxessa-neɣ a t-nessuffeɣ! Aqqa wer da ca zeg-s!
Ayt dcarr ttbehḍen ! wer ucin manis kid-sen dd-yeffeɣ uneɣmis- a aɛeffan.
– Manaya i teqqard wer yelli nican, neccin ɛemmars wer neẓri ca n yijj ittesla, ittegg s wawal n iḥarmucen imeẓyanen!
– Atarras-a d Lefqi-nneɣ, walli d agezzan. Lefqi-nneɣ ɛemmars ad yegg ammu.
Lefqi, s tumert, ḍeḥcen as imejjan, minzi Ayt ddcar usin-dd akid-s, wer xaf-s uzzilen.
Waxxa Ayt ddcar usin-dd kid-s, iqqim deg-s wemnus: dinni wi yessnen tixeddimin-nnes di dcar.
Uguren wussan, usin-dd inneḍnit. Tutiya tedwel ɣer lemsid ad tɣar. Tɣil-as Lefqi yettu min yemsaren, ula d ibba-s illa iqqar-as aqqa min yemsaren qa yemsar.
Tutiya d ibbas wer dasen-ittɣil ca belli ass amezwaru ad yili d ameggaru …
Tudef Tutiya ɣer lemsid, ilqa-tt-idd Lefqi :
– Tutiya mani tweḍḍerd ? Aṭṭas wer dd-tusid ad teɣred?
s tiggwdi, Tutiya terra xafes :
– Uhu, a ssi Lefqi ! Tuɣa helkeɣ cwayt, uca wer dd-usiɣ.
Lefqi ttuɣa yegga min xaf-s, ixemmel-as i Tutiya uṭṭu-nnes : yura-s ca n tira di teḥruzt. Ijja imeḥḍarn wer das-tterrin taynit. Iṭṭef Tutiya, igga-tt di txancit. Issekk-iten a tt-nḍarn mani wer tt-ittif ura d ijj. rid d ibba-s, rid d yemma-s, rid d tarwa n ddcar.
Tutiya tekker-dd, tufa ixef-nnes di tagant, am temcunt deg wammas n tseklutin. wer tessin mani tella ura d mani ɣa teddu. Tutiya tssenta tikli di tagant, wer tbedd alami dd-teffeɣ ɣer webrid. Laẓ, inexliɛen d lweḥlan iraren deg-s min iraren.
wer tuci aked cway n tfawt alami tettwala ijj n wargaz yeggur-dd.
Ileḥḥeg-dd akid-s inna-s :
– Min danita tettegged, a yelli? Cem d tameẓẓyant.
s lweḥlan-nni deg-s d imeṭṭawen i bedden jer wabliwen-nnes, d tiggwdi idd-as-yewyen buḥbel -nnes, wer das-dd-yeffiɣ wawal zi tmijja.
– Ah ! Ah !
Tutiya wer tufi awal i ɣa tini, telqef-itt lɣaciyet.
wer tufi ɣir tamurt-nni itt-idd-yelqan alami tewḍa. Argaz-nni wer tt-yejji ad temmendar di lexlawat, minzi tifras-a tiɛeffanin wer ttilint deg yergazen.
Atarras-nni ixecc-dd ɣer taddart nnes :
– Arẓem deɣya tawwurt, a yelli-s n xali !
Tamɣart nnes s uṭṭebheḍ teqleɛ-dd tettazzel :
– Min yemsaren ? Manis dd-tiwyed taḥenjirt-a ?
– Ufiɣ-tt di tagant tweḍḍer, a deg-s netthilla am yelli-tneɣ, ḥuma nufa wenn yellan-nnes.
Tamɣart n wemsebrid-nni tudef-as Tutiya deg wul. Tessens-as deg uḥarwal-nnes. Djiret-nni tmun-dd nettat teqqar-asen tḥajit-nnes aked Lefqi n dcar itt-inḍaren di lexlawat.
Llilet teɛdu, tfuct tessijj-dd, tuli ɣer ujenna-nnes. Ass-a iffu-dd wer deg-s nesli i iyaẓiḍen sququɛen am lebda. Argaz iffeɣ ad yexzer min yemsaren. Uca ittwala marra imuder-nnes nnuryen !
Ileqf-it uṭṭebheḍ, wer yuci min zi yettebla: wer das-teqqim tyaẓiḍt ura d tafunast qaɛ amenni, am iqnanyen am imucwen. Tamɣart-nnes wer tesbedd imeṭṭawen xef sseɛd amcum i yugin a ɣer-sen dd-yeḍḥek.
Ass-a imun wer ccin wer swin, ura d awal wer yelli jer-asen, mana wawal-a yeqqimen awern-i lmusiba-ya. Aryaz-a ttuɣa yessen illa manaya awern-as Tutiya, ttuɣa ittesla zeg imɣaren manaya ittemsaran i yewdan-nni umi ggin tibexruras, tira d tiḥruzin.
Atarras-nni yiwi-dd ijj n Lefqi, yenna-s belli taḥenjirt-a aked usensi-nnes akid-sen, marra min ɣer-s n imuder tiwyiten tmettant.
Iggwed xaf-s a das yemsar ca zeg Ayt ddcar-nni. Tutiya, sseɛd-nnes yecna alami idd-tsur aked yewdan-a i das-issiɣen afus-nsen alami teffeɣ zi min di tella s tizemmar n Lefqi idd-yiwi utarras-nni yecnan d temɣart-nnes.
Tutiya ttuɣa-tt tettraja ad tedwel ɣer dcar-nnes, la tessen belli ibba-s d yemmas ad ilin rezzun xaf-s. Amenni nnit, deg ijj n wass, atarras-nni iberdeɛ ayis-nnes, yeksi akid-s Tutiya bac ad rzun xef ibba-s d yemma-s i ttuɣa zeg-s ikksen layas, wer jjin mani wer rzun, wer das-ufin ansa, arami dasen-ittɣil yelli-tsen tennuri.
Dcar zzat i ddcar, ddcar awerni ddcar. Tutiya wer tufi ifiran itt-ɣa-inedhen ɣer taddart-nnes, maca atarras-nni akid-s wer das yenni safi zi trezzut :
– Mala wer nufi walu da, attaɣ a naf di ca n mani nneḍni.
Iwḍen ɣer ij n tala teccur s yewdan ca yessirid, ca ittayem-dd aman. Usin-dd ɣer-sen ad sseqsan xef yij n tarbat d tameẓyant tweḍḍer-as i ibba-s, ingez-dd ijjen zeg-sen yenna-s:
– Dcar-nni xef terezzum aqqa-t yudes.
Tutiya wer yeqqim walu ad tẓar yemma-s, wer yeqqim walu ad tẓar ibba-s. Alami iwḍen ɣer dcar i ttuɣa x rezzun, Tutiya tssenta tettessen ; wer tbedd alami i tiweḍ tawwurt n taddart nsen.
s imeṭṭawen telqa yemma-s d ibba-s.
Yemmas d ibbas wer ufin ad ḍeḥken, ula ad run, s min ttwalant tiṭṭawin-nsen, smunnen-dd deg ij n twalat :
– Tutiya, yelli! Aqqa-cem teddared… Tutiya, yelli !
Tumert temɣer alami idd-tedwel Tutiya, awern-as Tutiya d wargaz-nni ssentan a dasen-inin min yemsaren d mamec tegga alami idd-tedwel, ibba-s wer das-yudif manaya ɣer uzellif, belli amcum-nni n Lefqi yegga qaɛ tixeddimin-a. Netta alami tweḍḍer Tutiya ttuɣa itteg ixef-nnes yettru.
Di tmeddit-nni nnan a t-idd-ɛerḍen akid-sen yemmunsu s bla ma das-inin belli Tutiya tedwel-dd. Ammu i tettar Tutiya zi ibba-s.
Tiweḍ-dd tameddit, lefqi iẓẓull leɛca, yireḍ qubbu yusa-dd ad immunsu. Tutiya tessewjed-as tazwict n ibba-s, tejjit alami iɛdel aɣimi, uca tudef-dd xaf-s. Lefqi yessen belli d Tutiya, Tutiya am nneḍni. Aked yijj n unexliɛ d ijj n uqarṭas, ttuɣa tekfa ḥuma ad immet Lefqi .
Ibba-s n Tutiya wer das yeɛjib lḥal xef min tegga, wer yufi ɣir a das ɣzen amḍel, netta d wargaz-nni, a deg-s ggen amcum-nni ttuɣa yennuffren deg uqubbu n Lefqi.
ɛdun ussan deɣya, Lefqi wer das ibin webrid, Tutiya temɣar ɛad ujar, ibba-s d yemmas yedwel-asen-dd buḥbel. Tutiya tegga argaz-nni ittyufin d temɣart-nnes, zi wi yellan-nnes.
Tiḥuja-inu ɣir danita i ufint abrid-nsent, malla texsem ad tawḍem, ssiwḍem-tent akidwem ad ẓarent imal.


text:
Tiruca
Tiruca (Assaɣ ussnan: Crustacea) d ad-adur aɣersiw meqqren yeṭṭafaren adur n teswermin, Dɣa llan deg-s ugar n 52,000 n telmas yettwassnen, Tiruca d imuddiren ur nli ara (ur nesɛi ara) taɣessa s agensu (zdaxel) n tfekkiwin-is maca tla tasuddest yeqquren seg uzaɣar n tfekka isem-is Taɣessa tuffiɣt ayen yettaken taggaẓt i truca.
Azal ameqran n truca d tid yettidiren deg waman aladɣa deg yillan d igarawen akken daɣen i llant kra n telmas yettidiren deg waman israwen (isafen d igelmimen) d kra niden ttidirent sufel n wakal, Tiruca d tid i d-yettgin tagrawt meqren n iɣersiwen am tkurẓmiwin d uqemrun yakk d tfenzit.
Asesmel[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Idem n (crustacean) yettuɣal i yesnudranen imzikanen yakk i weglam n iɣersiwen, gar-asen Pierre Belon d Guillaume Rondelet maca isem-a ur yettusxdem ara sɣur kra n imesnulfawen id yusan s deffir am Carl Von Linné ig sskecmen Tiruca deg Aptera deg wedlis-is anagraw n ugama.
Adu-wadur n truca yeddem azal n 67,000 n telmas yettwaglamen ayen yettuɣilen d akken ttgin-d kan 1⁄10 ar 1⁄100 n yakk telmas n truca acku tuget degsent ur ttwaglament ara ar tura.


text:
Ameddul
Ameddul (tafesna: Sphenisciformes, tawacult: Spheniscidae) d tagrawt n yigṭaṭ n waman ur yettferfiren ara. Yettidir deg wezgen anaẓul n tegnit, aladɣa deg Antraktika. Imeddulen d wid ilan (yesɛan) assezgi meqqren i tmeddurt deg waman acku tafriwen-is timellalin d tberkanin ttallent deg usengel ma d afriwen-is uɣalent d tisucaf i wakken ad ttallent deg werdab.
Ɣas akken ma imeddulen ttidiren deg wezgen anaẓul n tegnit kan, maca drus kan n telmas i yettidiren deg Antraktika. Acku tuget n telmas n imeddulen ttidirent anda yemnummes unezwu, amedya deg teftisin n Ustṛalya d Tferka n unẓul d Temrikt n unẓul, akken i tella yiwet n telmest tettidir zdat n usebges (Ameddul n Galapagos).
Talmest tacafcalt yakk ur nengir ara tga d ameddul amenkad, anda i tettawaṭ teɣzi-ines ɣer 1,1 m, yerna yettazen 35 kg neɣ ugar. Ma deg tama nniden, yella umeddul awezlan tettumeggze d talmest tawezlant yakk, anda teɣzi-ines ur tugar ara 40 cm, akken i yettazen azal n 1 kg. S umata, imeddulen meqqren ttmilen ad idiren deg twennaṭin semmṭen. Ma d imeddulen meẓẓiyen ttidirent deg twennaṭin yemnummsen.
Tamseknit d weglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Igṭaṭ-a ur zmiren ara ad fferfren s usrag (s sebba) n wanaw n tudert-nsen deg waman. Ableɣ-nsen d win igar gar n umeqqran d ulemmas (40 alamma d 115 cm). Tigekkiwin-nsen d ičuranen ma d yiṭarren-nsen meẓẓiy-it, ma d iferran-nsen mmugen d tiferrawin n werdab.
Ameddul iga d izuran, tuyat-is meẓẓiy-it, ma d iqamumen-is d umsid, iṭarren-is d imazufen


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Takadimt Tageldant i tussniwin n Swid
Takadimt tageldant i tussniwin n Swid (s Teswidt: Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien) d yiwet n tkadimt tageldant yellan di tmurt n Swid[1] takadimt-a d tasimant mači d tanebdant, tessebɣas tussniwin aladɣa tussniwin n ugama d tusnakt.
Takadimt tageldant i tussniwin n Swid d agmam deg tkadimt tageldant n Swid. Txeddem i wesnerni d ufsar n tussniwin. Akken i d-tettak arrazen n Nobel yal aseggas i widak i d-ifkan ittekkiyen uzzanen (ifazen) deg tɣulin n tfizikt, takrura, tasekla, talwit yakk d tussniwin tidamsanin.
Anulfu[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tennulfa-d tkadimt-a deg wayyur n yulyu n useggas n 1793 s tmilit (s ddaw leɛnaya) n ugellid Fridirik amenzu.
Amezruy[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Imniren[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ẓeṛ daɣen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ "Göran K. Hansson new Permanent Secretary for the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences", 2015.[dead link] Archived 2017-10-18 at the Wayback Machine


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TIZI WEZZU (SIWEL) — Nnig 30 n yiqvayliyen i yettwaṭfen ass-a 20 yevrir 2021 di temdint n Tizi Wezzu deg uvrid-nsen ɣer tikli, llan wid i wumi d-serḥen, wiyeḍ llan 06 yid-sen ar tura mazal ur d-ivan ara yisali fell-asen.
Imeɣnasen d yiqvayliyen rẓan lḥers i d-yellan ass-a di Tizi Wezzu. ɣas ma wten eerḍen ad ḥevsen tikli, mugren-d levɣi d yiseɣ ɣer yiqvayliyen.
Γas ma llan seg wid ijerḥen d wid yettewten ass-a, lawan mi tekker akked temsulta tamhersant, ulac lmaḍerra tameqqrant ɣur iqvayliyen. Gar imeɣnasen mazal ur d-serḥen ara:
1-Muḥand Saeid Leɣlid
2-brahim brahim
3-Lyes Uzayed
4-Ɛissa Meetqa
5- Aqcic meẓẓiy
6- Argaz Ixus deg leeqel
SIWEL 201926 AVR 21
SIWEL 201926 AVR 21


text:
Le Rifain
Aked lmujet n lɣeṭṭ i yekkIn deg wussan-a imeggura x waṭṭas n tmura n Uruppa, yewɛed yijjen wergaz d alimani ijjen temkant di Berlin, zzat i yeɣzar i umi qqaren Teufelssee. Yekkes arruḍ, uca yebbuẓẓel. Yessers leḥwayej-nnes zzat-s, uca yeqqen tiṭṭawin, yeqqim ad yeẓẓɣel tfukt.
Maca yemsar min ttuɣa ɛemmers wer t-ittriji, umi i xas dd-teɛdu ssenni yijjen tḥelluft n lexla nettat d tarwa-nnes. Tufa dinni ijjen weqrab-nnes d awraɣ, texs ad tcemcem ma deg-s ca n min ɣa tecc, uca teksi-t, terwel zeg-s.
Aqrab-nni ttuɣa deg-s akumpyuter n uteras-nni. D manayenni i t-yejjin ad yekker ad yeṭṭef tazzla awarn i tḥelluft-nni, merra wi ttuɣa dinni yeḍḍuqqeẓ s tḍeḥḥakt.
Ijjen temɣart qqaren-as Adel Landauer, nettat tzeddeɣ di Berlin, ttuɣa-tt dinni. tsewwer-dd s kamira-nnes min iweqɛen. tefser titeswirin-nni di leḥsab-nnes di facebook.
Landura tenna di facebook: « Tusa-dd yijjen tḥelluft n lexla, ɣer umezwaru negg°ed zeg-s. zi ssenni iban-aneɣ-dd illa wer tettenɛeddi x ḥedd. Truḥ ɣer yijjen weqrab n yijjen ttuɣa-t ittɛumma, tecca-s pitza, zi ssenni tḥert x yijjen weqrab d awraɣ ».
Terni Landura tenna: « Merra idneɣ nettebheḍ mamek yegga yeqqim di lbal-nnes,
Tenna Landauer belli argaz-nni iɣebba taḍeḥḥakt umi i das-mmleɣ titeswirin-nni, terni tenna belli yetter zeg-s bac ad yebḍa titeswirin-nni ula d netta di leḥsab-nnes, yessen min ɣa yegg. umi i dd-yedwel, yeksi-dd aqrab d awraɣ, merra newta-s deg wuru, nenna-s saḥḥit x taryazt i deg-k ».
Euronews


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1-Isallen $ef tegnatin n uselmed n tutlayin di temnavt ;
2-Asnerni n uselmed n tutlayin ;
3-Asmenyef n udewenni ger idelsan yemgaraden .
Anwi taåna ?
-I$erbazen , tisdawiyin , tidukla d kra yesselmaden timeslayin tibaôôaniyin ;
-Igrawen akked wid iqeddcen deg uêric a$alnaw.
– Si me$res 2005 , leqdic $ef tutlayin i d-yettilin yal assegas , s uttekki n yegrawen n uselmed n tutlayin , timkaôviyin , imsezrigen n fôansa ne$ ibaôôaniyen ;
Iswi wis ssin : Asnerni n uselmed n tutlayin :
-lxedma akked tesdawit n dankirk i imeqranen ( côte d’opale) ;
-Aåiwen i uslali n tidukla yeånan timeslayin nnived ;
-Inejmaåen d wid iqeddcen deg uêric n tutlayin.
Iswi wis tlata : Asmenyef n udewenni ger idelsan yemgaraden :
-Aheggi n tawilat ( imusnawen) i uselmed ;
-Aåiwen asnalsi i tedyanin tigra$lanin.
-Tansa di intirnat temmal leqdic nne$ .


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Aẓiẓ
Aẓiẓ (Assaɣ usnan: Torgos tracheliotos) d tawsit n tigermamzikin yeṭṭafaren tawacult n iberniyen deg tfesna n tsekliwin dgi llan-t telmas n iden am ijider, Tasiwant, tamedda d uberni
Idgan n tudert[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tawsit-a tettidir aladɣa deg Tefrikt seg ugafa ar uneẓul
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Aẓiẓ d yiwen gar iylalen meqqren acku addud-is yettili gar n 95 ar 115 cm (deg tiddi n tfekka) maca mara ad yeldi afriwen-is yettawaṭ ɣer 2,5 ar 2,8 m, adfar-is gar n 33 ar 36 cm
Učči[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Aẓiẓ am yakk iylalen isekliwen d aylal anegmar, d amseksum igemmr-d iɣersiwen yemgaraden


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Timṭefzanin
Timesmineqṛin neɣ Timṭefzanin (Assaɣ ussnan: Muscicapidae) d tawacult n yijqiwen imesbureɣsen. Tawacult-a tegber seg wazal n 310 n telmas yebṭan ɣef 58 n tewsitin. Tilmas n twacult-a ttrajun tigemrawin-nsent alamma rsant ɣef yicaggen n useklu sin akin ad ɣlint fell-asent mi ara ad ilint ttferfirent, maca drus kan i ttrusent ɣef tegnit (lqaɛa).
Tinnagrawt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Umuɣ n tewsitin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Tamulla — (Oenanthe)
- Imesminqeṛ — (Muscicapa)
- Tareẓẓazt — (Monticola)
- Awezliferr — (Brachypteryx)
- Asramram — (Calliope)
- Aqur — (Luscinia)
- Azeggaɣ wul — (Erithacus)


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Diego Maradona
Diego Maradona (s Tespenyult: Diego Armando Maradona) (30 tuber 1960 - 25 wamber 2020) yella d amyurar n tsegla uṭar n Arjentin, aṭas n medden ttmeggizent d amyurar igerrzen yakk deg umezruy n tsegla n uṭar. Yurar deg 4 n yilɣuɣen n tagra n umadal, gar-asent tagra umadam 1986 di tmurt n Miksik anda yessedda tafrant n tmurt-is i wakken ad terna (ad teɣleb) lalman tutrimt deg temlilit n taggara, akken i yerna arraz tsegla tuṛɣant imi i d yufrar d amyurar igerrzen yakk deg wulɣuɣ-nni.


text:
Mi yebɣa lehna umɣar
Yefk ccrav i warraw-is
Win yeswan deg-sen ad iččar
Ur yettqelliv af leḥqi-s
D akwessar neɣ d asawen
Anda i t-nehren yiwet-is
Iqelleb umezray* af uqvayli
Yufa-t-in s ddaw n ṭabla yeɣli
Yesker dayen yemmut
Yettu tajaddit n tmurt
Dacu d nnif s asekran
Mi d-iffeɣ deg tqerɛatt
Xas akken deg uxxam
Ad yenwu ttarun tabratt
Inker jeddi-s d baba-s
I sama-t-id ar tama-s
Udem-iw yexser
lɛaql-iw iruḥ
Amaziɣ yesker
Yeffeɣ-it erruḥ
Isem-is mazalt meqqer
Netta yuɣal d amectuḥ
Deg Atlas serḥen i lkif
Deg Gerger* nerwa lbira
Win teswiḍ deg-sen kifkif
A k-isvaɛed af tirugza
Taɣḍeḍ-iyi a ddeya l-lḥif
Ur tecbiḍ imezwura
Ibɣa ucengu ay-yerr d netta
Yaɛreḍ s leslaḥ ur yesmir ara
Immeɣ yessahel-aɣ amcaḥ
Ccrab d lbira
Ccrab isɛa daɛwessu
Ulamma ẓid af yiles
In-as i ṭbib ak-yeḥku
Ak-yemmel lehlak ines.
Ma tenwiḍ cci d zzhu
Sew mmi-k ad iṭṭes.
Amawal:
amezray: historien
Igerger: djurdjura (son vrai nom)
Lemɛani n dunnit
Tizlitt agi teffeɣ-d deg iseggasen n 1970. Acimi ? acku, deg tallit
nni, « bran-d i tissit » (lexmar, lankur) af tmurt n Iqvayliyen, ma di
tamiwin nniḍen n lanjiri ulac-it. Ihi, d tagi i d sebba ines. Dagi a
ttwalim belli aḍabu, si 62 ar ass-a yekkat dayem akken aɣ-yerr am
nutni neɣ am Ihendiyen n tmurt Marikan. Yak akka i sen-gan Igliziyen
akken a ten-seɣlin u akken ur ttnadin ara af tnaṣlit d tjaddi, atg…
Lmaɛna-s d amek: « ad ttun iman-nsen ad ruḥen deg-sent i levda ». Ihi,
nekni, aḍabu acengu d win yettnadi si timunent n Lzayer, yekkat amek
ara aɣ-yeɣḍel i levda ula d nekwni.
Hand Berkouk


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« Amek ara yili yiwen/yiwet ass-a d amaziɣ » ? D adlis amaynut n La Sorbonne. D adlis iteddun ad ikkes amur si tagut-nni yedlen ireglen abrid n Tamazɣa.
Nnig 20 imussnawen i d-idduklen di temlilit n tesdawit La Sorbonne, di tnemmast n Paris, akken sdduklen tamussni-nsen, di yal annar : amezruy, idles, tutlayt, tasertit di yal tamurt , d tuttra ɣef uzekka n Imaziɣen…
Si temlilit-nni, ass-a ilul-d udlis d ameqqran, akken ad yili d azamul n tmussni yellan, zun d tigejda ireṣṣan, ad yili daɣ d amezrag n talwit deg ufus n yal Amaziɣ iteddun deg ubrid n tilelli n tmurt-is.
Tazwart n udlis ur teǧǧi ugzir, tefra-tent :
Tuttra tamezwarut i d-igla wedlis-a, d amek zemren Imaziɣen akked yidles-nsen ad ilin, ad idiren s tmagit-nsen di tmurt deg llan, ideg d-lulen, akken daɣ ad ilin di yal tamurt n timinigt/diaspora deg ttidiren ass-a.
Di yal tamurt, Imaziɣen issawalen tamaziɣt (berbérophones), uɣen tama wadda (minoritaires), zun d irbiben deg yidles, di tmurt-nsen. Di tnemmast n lqern wis 20, am imeɣnasen n Tefrikt n Ugafa (nationalistes nord-africains), am yal adabu d-ilulen deffir timunent, mi tefra temhersa n Fransa ɣef tmurt-nni, tin iwumi beddlen isem rran-tt d « El Meɣreb », zun urgan beddlen laṣel, uɣalen d Aâraben !
Awal, neɣ takti n « timura taârabin »/« pays arabes » akked Tiddukla taârabt (« Ligue arabe ») lulent-d di Lqahira di 1945.
Di 1947, imeɣnasen n Taferka n Ugafa sutren tallalt i tmurt n Maṣer akked tmura n Wagmuḍ aârab, send ad kkren ad nnaɣen tamurt n Fransa. Ccert amezwaru n Maṣer akked Tiddukla taârabt ifra qbel ad ten-allen : tasertit-nsen (n nationalistes nord-africains) akked tesnakta/idéologie-nsen, issefk ad ddunt deg usalu n taɣelnaẓri taârabt/ nationalisme arabe .
Si ccert-nni i d-ilul di 1947 di Lqahira, ‘’Lbiru n Lmeɣreb aârab’’ (« Bureau du Maghreb arabe »), syen irnan-d di 1948 « ugraw n teslelli n Lmeɣreb aârab » (Comité de Libération du Maghreb arabe ») i d-islal umaziɣ Abdelkrim El Khettabi. Isem n Berbérie-nni n zik, Barbarie, s taârabt am s tefransist, inger yisem-is !
Seg iseggasen n 1950, taɣelnaẓri taârabt/nationalisme arabe, illa ibedd d asirem ameqqran n wid iṭṭfen adabu di tmura n ‘’Lmeɣreb’’, wten s yal tazmert-nsen di yal anabaḍ d-ilulen si deffir n temhersa, di 1956 akked 1962, akken ad saârben (arabiser) iɣerfan-nsen deg ubrid i yebdan yakan si tallit n tinneslemt (moyen âge).
Tikli-nni terna isuraf ɣer zdat seg iseggasen n 1970, s timeṭṭurfit tinneslemt tamaynut akked tsalafit i d-ikecmen si tmura n igelliden n wagmuḍ (monarchies du Golfe) i yesmeɣren tadrimt s petrole n ddaw wakal-nsen.
Si tama n tmura n Urupa, imussnawen-nsen, s tmuɣli iteddun mgal tasnakta tamhersit (par anti-colonialisme), ddan d iqeffafen deg usalu n imussnawen n Tiddukla taârabt, nekṛen aɣref amaziɣ akked yidles amaziɣ di Tferka n Ugafa. Taggara rnan refden awal-nni : « d tamhersa n Fransa i d-isnulfan tamsalt tamaziɣt, i d-isnulfan Imaziɣen ! », rnan ssut-nsen ɣer win n iwunak/Etats aâraben.
Send ad nekcem deg ubrid ɣezzifen, di processus ur nessaweḍ, win iteddun i bennu n tmagit akked yidles amaziɣ yuɣalen di rrif, ittuḥeqren seg iseggasen n 1960, issefk ad ifru wawal : d tidett, tamhersa n Fransa tga i wid issawalen tamaziɣt (berbérophones) (tutlayt-nsen, laâwayed-nsen d ccifan-nsen), am akken i tga i wid yessawalen taârabat (arabophones/darǧa). Amek dɣa i tezmer Fransa ad teqbel Imaziɣen di tmurt i tekcem nebla ma teqbel tutlayt-nsen ?
Di tazwara, mi tekcem Fransa Taferka n Ugafa, terra imezdaɣ-is d « Aâraben », syen terna, deffir temhersa n Teṛk, tesedda awal n « Kabyles », Iqbayliyen, akk Imaziɣen n idurar illan tama n tiɣremt n Lezzayer.
Fransa tesseqdec s tiḥḥerci amgared yellan deg yidles (différences culturelles) gar imezdaɣ n tmurt. Fransa tga am akken gant akk tmura nniḍen ikecmen di temhersa s wuzzal. Maca, Fransa ur d-tesnulfa Imaziɣen, ur d-tesnulfa tutlayt akked yidles amaziɣ. Fransa tewwet ad tesseqdec tamaziɣt, maca teffeɣ-as meqlubi ɣef wanda i tessarem ad taweḍ (ad tebḍu tamurt tamaziɣt). Fransa ur tenwi di tsertit-is, ur illi di lbal-is, ur tewwiḍ ad tesmuzeɣ Taferka n Ugafa ; maca tesnerna kan di tikli n taârabt di Tferka n Ugafa, s yal afud, d aɣerbaz, d tadbelt, d yal tamussni akked d nnger ixellun tudrin n tmurt, imgiǧan-nni ikeččmen rennun yal ass ɣer tɣermin timeqqranin (exode rural).
Pr. Pierre Vermeren
Isental/thèmes n udlis :
Imaziɣen deg umezruy : ayɣer i sen-tdel tsusmi ?
Amek i yella wurar n Fransa, s tsertit n ‘’politique berbère’’, syen tettu-ten deffir tallit n temhersa.
Tutlayt tamaziɣt di teɣdemt, di tmurt n Merruk, di tallit n temhersa (1930-1956)
Lezzayer – Merruk : tasertit tamaynut di ddra n tmaziɣt
Tamaziɣt di Merruk n 1956-1960 : tasertit n useqdec d usmenteg deffir timunent n 1956.
Tanekra n tmurt n Arif mgal Lmexzen di Merruk (1958 – 1959).
Udem n Abdelkrim (El Khettabi) deg waktay n Irifiyen ass-a.
Tanekra n FFS di tmurt n Lezzayer (1963 – 1965).
Tafsut n Imaziɣen, tekkes icuddan i yiles.
Amek i ddren Yiznaten d Imaziɣen di tsusmi.
Imaziɣen di tminigt/taɣribt n Fransa (diaspora) si 1970.
Asekfel n yidles amaziɣ deg umezruy aqbur n Merruk, di tallit n send tinneslemt.
Awanek/Etat n tmurt n Lezzayer zdat tnekra tamaziɣt, d wayen i tesseqdac ass-a (tasekla, asiẓreg, médias…).
Tikli n zelmeḍ yeffus n tsertit n Merruk zdat tnekra tamaziɣt deg ubrid n tɣara tunṣibt (reconnaissance, officialisation).
Tiɣri n tmaziɣt (‘’Manifeste Amazigh’’) n 2000 di Merruk, d abrid n tnekra tamaziɣt zun d tin ibnan ɣef ‘’laṣel’’ (à la limite de ‘’l’ethnisation’’).
Udem d war udem n imeɣnasen Imaziɣen di tmurt n Azawaḍ (Mali).
Tanekra tamaziɣt di Libya : tekkes tsusmi ?
Tamurt n Spanya akked Imaziɣen-is : amedya n Katalunya akked tiɣremt n Mellila (di Merruk).
Tamuɣli tamirant/n wass-a n yal timetti tamaziɣt.
Akalas n umezruy (repères chronologiques) n umussu amaziɣ, di tmurt n Lezzayer, Merruk akked Fransa…
Timerna / Notes.
1) Comment peut-on être Berbère ? Amnésie, renaissance, soulèvements. Ouvrage collectif dirigé par Pr. Pierre Vermeren, actes du colloque de la Sorbonne de 2015. 22 contributions de chercheurs de divers domaines. Editions Riveneuve, Paris 2022.
Liste des contributeurs : P. Vermeren, T. Yassine, K. Hoffman, S. Chaker, R. Agrour, M. Wanaïm, M. Monjib, M.R. Madariaga, M. Seridj, S. Doumane, A. Planeix, H. Chabani, A. Hicham, R. Achab, A. El Khatir (Afulay), L. Bouyaakoubi, M. Lafay, M. Fois, M. Tilmatine, M. Ouchtaine.
Aumer U Lamara


text:
Bigʷra
Bigʷra tga yat tiɣrmt tg tamaẓunt n tmnaḍt n Actukn-Ayt Baha، ɣ tsga n Sus-Massa، ɣ tmazirt n Lmɣrib. Ilkm uṭṭun n imzdaɣn nns kra n 25.928 ɣ usiḍn n usggas 2004، amma win usggas n 2014, ilkm-d 37.933 imzdaɣn. Tzga tɣrmt n Byugra f taggugt 17 n kilumitr zɣ Ayt Mllul، d 37 km zɣ Agadir، ssutln as ɣ akk tama nns idwarn iḍfrn i tgrawt n asif n ṣṣafa.
Bigʷra s yism ad s tiggura nns illan nna s twassn tɣrmt، nna igad ɣakud-ann azamul anmazray n tɣrmt dat ad yili uhddm nnsn zɣ dat n udabu bac ad yals i ubuɣlu n tɣrmt maca adabu ynɣa taysi tadlsant d tanmzrayt n tmnaḍt ad.
Tga tɣrmt n Byugra zɣ tɣrma mqqurnin n tkrza ɣ lmɣrib ar ttazn i igadazn inamurn ɣ lmɣrib igumma d icakan zund aẓalim، d xizzu d ibawn d tugt yaḍn, d kra n wanawn n igumma zund tlaḥ azggaɣ d asmmam d timiṭacin...
Aẓur n wawal[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Aẓur n tguri n "Byugra" s taclḥit iga "bu iggura" ɣ tallast yaḍni nnan imzwura mas-d ism nns ila-d s tmnaḍt llan gis iɣzran n waman ar ttidirn gis igwra uya yiwi ar ism nns .
Asnmkta[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ar ittini usiḍn lli ittyuskar ɣ usggʷas n 2014 mas[1]:
Aslmd[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Tigmiḍi n taqubbanit (middn lli ur ssin ad aqran wala ad ttaran) : 27,3%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli iɣran ar usinan n usmdi nɣd uggar : 17,8%
Tadamsa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli llan ɣ isggasn nnsn n twuri : 51,1%
- Tigmiḍi n tarwuri (middn lli ur ṭṭafn tawuri) : 12,7%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin dar lmxzn (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 13,6%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin ɣ uslig (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 61,7%


text:
Maṣer
Tamurt n Maṣer (s Teɛṛabt: مصر) tella deg Tefriqt n ugafa. Isem-ines unṣib d Tagduda Taɛṛabt n Maṣer (s Teɛṛabt جمهورية مصر العربية). Tamanaɣt-ines d Lqahiṛa , tutlayt-ines tunṣibt d taɛrabt, maca tutlayt taqburt-ines d taqibṭit.
Di 2020 zedɣen deg Maṣer 95,000,000 n yimdanen.
Amezruy[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tamurt n Maṣer tettuneḥsab si tid i d-yecfan i tɣermiwin tiqburin maḍi, tɛedda-d ɣef waṭas n tilla deg umezruy : tallit tafeṛɛunit, tallit taṛuminit, tagrigit ( tabizanṭit), tallit n tneslemt, d tallit n wass-a.
Aɛṛaben[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Maṣer tella seg yimeḍqan imezwura i kecmen waɛraben segmi d-yennulfa din n tneslemt, dɣa syin i d-ldin abrid ɣer Tefriqt Ugafa s lekmal-is. Asteɛmer-is yeḍra-d seddaw unabaḍ n Ɛumar ibn Lxeṭṭab, ɣef ufus n Ɛemru Ben Lɛaṣ (592-682) mi tt-id-ikksen i Ibizaṭiyen i llan ṭṭfen-tt lawan-nni. Imezdaɣ n Maṣer imir tuget seg-sen llan d imasiḥiyen (tacḍaṭ taqebṭit) ttmeslayen tutlayt-nsen tajaddit taqebṭit i d-yeqqersen seg tin Iferɛunen ; ɣef wakken d-ttɛawaden imazrayen, nnan-dd akeččum ines yeḍra-dd es tekriṭ ed yidammen, ed yimyaten en yigiman imaṣriyen i yettwaɛdmen, ladɣa wid yugin ad ḍefren taddiyanit tamaynut i d-wwin imnekcamen.
Tarakalt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tarakalt tadeblant[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Ad Daqahliyah (Daqahleya) الدقهلية
- Al Bahr al Ahmar (Lebḥeṛ azeggaɣ) البحر الأحمر
- Al Buhayrah (Lbuḥayṛa) البحيرة
- Al Fayyum (Lfayyum) الفيوم
- Al Gharbiyah (Γarbeya) الغربية
- Al Tiskandart (Taskendrit) الإسكندرية
- Al isma'illiyah (Tismaɛilit) الإسماعيلية
- Al Jizah (Giza) الجيزة
- Al Minufiyah (Lmenufya) المنوفية
- Al Minya (Minya) المنيا
- Al Qahirah (Lqahiṛa) القاهرة
- Al Qalyubiyah (Kalyubeya) القليوبية
- Al Uqsur (Leqṣer) الأقصر
- Al Wadi al Jadid (Lwad ajdid) الوادي الجديد
- Ash Sharqiyah (Ccarqiya) الشرقية
- As Suways (Suwiz) السويس
- Aswan (Aswan) أسوان
- Asyut (Asyuṭ) أسيوط
- Bani Suwayf (Bni swif) بني سويف
- Bur Sa'id (Port-sɛid) پورسعيد
- Dimyat (Damyat) دمياط
- Janub Sina' ( Sinay n wenẓul) جنوب سيناء
- Kafr ash Shaykh (Kafr Ccix) كفر الشيخ
- Matruh (Marṣa Maṭruḥ) مطروح
- Qina (Lqena) قنا
- Shamal Sina' ( Sinay n ugafa) شمال سيناء
- Suhaj (Suhaǧ) سوهاج
Ajjed[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Inselmen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Atmaten Inselmen Wid ixelqen tarbaɛt agi d Ḥasan Al Banna akk d Sayed Quṭb.


text:
Brother Rachid, yiwen ger yelmezyen imasiḥiyen yetwasnen nezzeh deg maḍal n usiweḍ, ladɣa imi yella d tasebba n usufeɣ n igiman d luluf n yimaziɣen deg ddin n muḥemmed imi yerra-ten d imasiḥeyyen. Yetwassen diɣ ɣef yeskasiten-ines akked d imusnawen n tneslemt ɣef tidett n leqran, iskasiten yezga yerbeḥ imi yugariten tamusni n tezdeg n yiles.
Brother Rachid s yisem-is n tidett Rachid HAMMAM ilul-d deg seggas n 1971 deg SIDI BENNOUR ( Merruk), d ineslem aqdim yeǧǧan ddin agi u yuɣal ar tmasiḥit, ger wudmawen yetwasnen akk deg sammar alemmas, yessedduy yiwet n tedwilt n uwelleh ar sidna Ɛisa ɣef tilizri n Al Hayat TV, tilizri i ṛeṣṣan deg tmurt n CIPR ( Chypre).
Deg tYideyyutt agi deg tagara n weḍris, ad twalim Brother Racid, anda yebda yettmeslay ɣef wayen yenwa yella, ɣef leḥsab n imawlan-is, imi yenna » yemma d baba d wid i d-issekren deg wasmi meẓẓiyeɣ belli nek d aɛṛab, laṣel-iw ger waɛṛaben i d-ikecmen d tamhersa ɣef tefriqt n ugafa deg lqerr wis 7… » send imi aṭas n imaziɣen i s-yettarun belli netta d amaziɣ, werǧin ad yili d aɛrab, talsan temsalt agi neɣ tuɣalin-ines deg yal tikelt, tessekcem ccek deg ul n Brother Racid ayen i t-idegren ad yeg anadi yagi n ADN, win deg tagara i d-yefgan agemmuḍ i bedlen tudert-is, imi ADN tbeggen-ed nebla ccek, belli netta d amaziɣ ugar n 94%.
aḥdetec agi n ADN yefka-d kra n igemmaḍ werǧin yurja, amedya timnaḍin is-d-imud unadi yagi s wugar n 94% d snat n temnaḍin timaziɣin yetwasnen yakk deg tefriqt n ugafa : – Ugar n 94% yusa-d Tamnaṭ n Ssus tacelhit n Merruk, akked Temnaṭ n Tizi-Wezzu taqbaylit n Tmurt n Yeqbayliyen. ayagi d ayen yesfeṛḥen ayen din Racid, yegza acoimi tudert-is yakk yettnadi tidett yefren, acku dunnit yakk teskaddeb ɣef uzaṛ-is, ula d imawlan-is umnen tikerkas, maca ar ɣur-es netta d abrid n Sidna Ɛisa is-d-yeldin allen-is ad yemmager tafat d tidett.
« Anwa yenɣan lejdud-nneɣ, anwa i sen-ibedlen iles a yimazrayen, anwa yezzenzen tilawin-nneɣ d wanwa yesgugmen allaɣ-nneɣ a yimazrayen » s usefru yagi i yekfa awal-is, yesḥassef, neǧǧa lǧid neḍfer aɛeṭṭarn nerra deg rrif Aksil, nerfed d aswan aqettal n Ɛuqba, nerkeḍ Baba Dunat nessuli el Qeṛḍawi, maca ma Brother Racid d win yufan tidett send 40 n iseggasen, ahat am netta d tiwinas n igiman ara d-yendekwalin kra n wass.


text:
Talɣa:Tasna Tamzwarut/Amgrad ifulkin
Asif n wansifn nɣ Asif n isaffn iga yan wasif bahra imqqurn g tmazirt n Lmɣrib. Yullid wasif n Wansifen sg idraren n waṭlaṣ anammas issudu s umnid n umalu allig nn-iffi g taman tiɣremt n Uzmmur, g ugaru (océan) Aṭṭlanṭi. Tiɣzi gis 555 Km, tamkta n waman sgis izrrin ar traḥan ar 117 m3/s, ɣayadd a yudjan asif n wansifen ayeg asif wiss sin g tmazirt n Lmɣrib.
Isaffen n Tasawt d Wad lɛbid gan isaffen imqqran dadd i-tt-ffin g wasif n wansifen, ssin itsen uckand seg idraren n waṭlaṣ amqqran, seg tmnaḍin Infeḍwak d Innultan, seg tsga n unẓul.
Asif n wansifen yattuy bahra watig-ns g umzruy tmazirt n Lmɣrib d umaḍal aqbur, iqqim iga iwtta ger tagldit n Fas d Tagldit Murrukc g uzmz Iwaṭṭasen d Imarinen, allig d ikcem urumi Afranṣawi s Lmɣrib g usggas n 1912. Ig daɣ asif-ad iwtta inger tiqqbilin n Ccawiyya d Rrḥamna, tili dars daɣ yat tawwri tagjdant g tibḍit tatrart n Murrukc, illa inger Tasga n Mrrakc-Asfi d tasga n Tigmmi tumlilt-Sttat.


text:
Lawi
Lawi neɣ Livi (s Tehibṛut: ﬥֵוִי ) d iwi (mmi) n Yakuf wis 3 seg tmeṭṭut-is Liya illi-s n Laban, Deg tgemmi tudayt ikezzanen udayen (imṛabṭen udayen) llan n uzaya n ilawiyen
Arraw n Lawi[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Taqsiṭṭ-is yakk d Yusef[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Msegrawen-d (nnejmaɛen-d) watmaten n Yusef i wakken ad s-xedmen tadyant, Anda yiwen deg-sen yefka-d tamuɣli (ṛṛay) d akken ad nɣen Yusef, yakk atmaten-is mtawan ɣef tmuɣli ayi anagar Lawi i yeggumman tikti ayi, anda yessuter deg-sen ad afen tikti n iden s wacu ur ttertayen ara (ur tt-ḍurrayen ara) Yusef, sin akin fkan-d tamuɣli ad tezzenzen i kra n iminigen ar kra n tmurt yaggugen (ibeɛden) i wakken ur izemmer ara yakk ad yuɣal ar wexxam
Atmaten-is[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Atmaten-is gan d arraw n Yakuf yettwasemman s At yisrayel
- Yusef d Binyamin: yimma-t-nsen d Raḥil illi-s n Laban igan d illi-s n wana (illi-s n xal-is) n Yakuf
- Yudas d Rubin d Cimyun d Zabulun d Isakar d yiwet n teqcict isem-is Dina: imma-t-sen d Liya illi-s n Laban igan d imma-s n Rubin daɣen
- Dan d Naftali: imma-t-sen d Bilha
- Gad d Acer: imma-t-sen d Zilfa


text:
YECCU LMASIḤ iqqar ... NECC d TAFAWT n DDUNECT
Wenni dd ayi i ɣa iḍfaren, war iggur ɛemmarṣ di taǧest,
maca ad ɣares tiři TFAWT n TUDART!
Aseqsi Wiss 11
Ma ittwabḍeř Řɛahd Aqdim?
Řɛahd Aqdim d Řɛahd Ajdid nitni d ijj n wedlis u nitni s tnayen seǧḥen u ssawařen x Yeccu Lmasiḥ, war iǧi Řɛahd n Jdid (L'Injil) waha.
Di Řexbar Aṣebḥan s ufus n Luqa 24:13- 27 nettaf aqa Lmasiḥ issawař ak-d ca n imeḥḍaren nnes awarni řami dd-ittwasnekkar-dd zi řmewt. Lmasiḥ tuɣa issawař akidsen x řmewt nnes x ṣṣalib, inna asen: “ 'A ifɣař, a ineḍqař n wuř di liman s marra min ssiwřen inabiyyen! Ma war ittxeṣṣi ad iweddeb Lmasiḥ ammu uca ad yadef ɣar uɛuǧi nnes?' Xenni ibda zi Musa u zi marra inabiyyen, ittfessar asen min xas yuran di marra idlisen."
Narcem asetter aneggar s uzeggʷaɣ, maɣar issbeyyen aneɣ mliḥ mammec idlisen n Musa u n inabiyyen cehhden x Lmasiḥ. Xarreṣ mɣir deg umezruy n uwehheb n Isḥaq, mmis n Ibrahim, i war itwaɣarṣen maɣar Arebbi iwca as ijj n icarri deg wemcan n mmis! Ma teẓrid min ixs ad yini "izmar n Arebbi"? Aqa-t d Yeccu Lmasiḥ.
Aqa din ict n řqedd n ibriden i xef iched Řɛahd Aqdim (i tuɣa iǧan qbeř mma ad dd-ittwaxřeq Yeccu zi Maryam) x Yeccu Lmasiḥ wenni war dd-yusi ɛad ɣar ddunit deg wussan nni! Awař 'Řɛahd Aqdim' war ixs ad yini aqa řmeɛna nnes war iqqim ad xak tettecřed niɣ war iseqqʷa ɛad ɣar řmuminin. Awar 'řɛahd' ittxeṣṣa ad itwaɛqař am 'řɛahd' ( niɣ 'kontrata') jar Arebbi d bnadem. Řɛahd Aqdim issbeyyan řɛahd n Arebbi ak-d Musa d Israyil i ittxeṣṣa ad ḍfaren u ad ṭaɛen ayt n Israyil. Ttawrat (=aseřmed d ccariɛa) n Arebbi immewc i Musa deg wedrar. Iwa aqqa man aya d ict n kuntrata d taqdimt niɣ aqa-tt d Řɛahd d Aqdim.
Řɛahd Ajdid issawař x min iɛna Lmasiḥ nni dd-ittwaxeřqen zi teɛzarect Maryam s Arruḥ Iqeddsen u x mammec t tuɣa iggur u isseřmad di temmurt n Israyil u x mammec idweř d tidett "Izmar n Arebbi" umi immut x ṣṣalib u x tnukra nnes zi jar imettinen u x mammec immeksi ɣar ujenna u x twasit nnes wiss tnayen u x mammec i d aneɣ ittxeṣṣa ad neddar i uraji n wedwar nnes!
Iwdan n Israyil war kemmřen awař nsen maḥend ad ḍfaren u ad ṭaɛen Ttawrat. Ttawrat tuɣa-tt mliḥ u Řɛahd Aqdim ɛawed mliḥ, maca iwdan fecřen maḥend ad awḍen ɣar min isdaheǧen amur awarni amur zi ssibbet n wuř nsen aɛeffan.
Linjil isseřmad aneɣ belli marra iwdan ɛṣan u xḍan x Arebbi, war iǧi wudayen waha. Marra iwdan zi marra řegnus xḍan u ɛṣan, zi Adam ař řexxu, war zemmaren ad arḍan Arebbi. S wawař nneḍni Řɛahd Aqdim ittawi ɣar řmewt zi ssibbet n uxeṭṭu. L'Injil iqqar aqa řexřaṣ n uxeṭṭu, aqa-t d řmewt (Irumaniyyen 3.23)
S liman war iǧi s řexdayem ɛlaḥsab ccariɛa?
Ejj aneɣ ad neḥmed Arebbi i tuɣa ibnan ijj n řɛahd niɣ ict n lɛalaqa ak-d Ibraham s liman qbeř mma igga řɛahd ak-d Musa. Aqa neqqar di L'Injil deg ict n tebrat n umazan Bulus i řmuminin n Galaṭiya (umi qqaren řexxu Turkiya, mani tuɣa ɛad war zeddɣen Iturkiyyen di řweqt nni) :
"A Igalaṭiyyen ifɣař, wi kenniw iqeddcen maḥend war teṭṭiɛem i tidett? Aqqa Lmasiḥ tuɣa itwarcem jarawem qibač i tiṭṭawin am wenni immuten x ṣṣalib. Degga waha xseɣ ad t ssneɣ zzaywem, ma teṭṭfem Arruḥ s řexdayem n ttawrat niɣ umi tesřam s liman? Ma amenni d ifɣař i teǧam? Tebdam s Arruḥ, ma řexxu ad tkemmřem s weysum? Ma teẓrim tamara aṭṭas x walu, mařa tuɣa s tidett x walu? Wenni d awem iwcin Arruḥ uca ittegg řeɛjayeb jarawem, ma ittegg itent zi řexdayem n ccariɛa niɣ umi tesřam s liman, am mammec tuɣa Ibrahim 'yumen di Arebbi uca itwaḥseb as-dd d tasegda'. Ssnem aya, belli inni iǧan n liman, nitni d ayt n Ibrahim. Adlis tuɣa iẓra qbeř belli Arebbi ad isegged řegnus s liman, izzar ibeccar i Ibrahim, inna 'Dayek i ɣa twabarken řegnus marra.' Xenni inni n liman ad twabarken ak-d řmumen Ibrahim. Marra inni iǧan zi řexdayem n ccraiɛa, aqa nitni sadu nneɛřet, minzi tura
'D amenɛuř kuř ijjen wenni war iqqimen iṭṭef di marra timesřayin yuran deg wedlis n ccariɛa (= ttawrat) ḥima ad tent igg.'
Aqa ittban řexxu aqa war din ḥed i ɣa itwaseggden ɣar Arebbi s řexdayem n ccariɛa n Ttawrat, minzi tura:
'Amseggad s liman ad iddar.' "
Xenni inni n liman ad twabarken ak-d řmumen Ibrahim." (Tabrat i Igalaṭiyyen 3:1-9)
Xenni nessen aqa Ttawrat war tessidef ca bnadem ɣar tsegda d tudart s liman, maca “bnadem wenni tent itteggen, ad iddar zzaysent (zi řexdayem n ccariɛa n Ttawrat)", ixs ad yini s řexdayem waha. Zi jjihet n ccariɛa n Arebbi aqa-neɣ marra d imednab am Adam. Maca Lmasiḥ aqa ixeǧeṣ xaneɣ, ḥima ad aneɣ ifekk zi nneɛřet nni iǧan x yenni sadu Ttawrat u sadu ddenb, am netta idweř xaneɣ d amenɛuř - minzi tura “D amenɛuř man wen mma yuyřen x teḥnact” - ḥima lbaraka n Ibrahim ad taweḍ ɣar řegnus s liman di Yeccu Lmasiḥ maḥend marra ad ṭṭfen lwaɛd n Arruḥ s liman am mammec t iṭṭef uřa d Ibrahim. (Tabrat i Igalaṭiyyen 3:10-14)
Ccariɛa d lwaɛd
"A awmaten, ssawařeɣ am bnadem, uřa d řɛahd i iǧan zi bnadem, awarni řami itwaxtem, uřa d ijj war izemmar ad t ibḍeř niɣ ad xas yarni. Aqa lwuɛud twaggen i Ibrahim d zzariɛet nnes. War iqqar ca “I iɛeqqayen n zzariɛet” am i waṭṭas, maca am i yijjen “I uɛeqqa n zzariɛet nnek” wenni aqa-t d Lmasiḥ. Degga qqareɣ: řɛahd wenni iqeddar Arebbi i Lmasiḥ, war t tbeṭṭiř ca ccariɛa tenni tusa-dd arbeɛmya u třatin n iseggʷusa awarni man aya ařami tzemmar ad tegg lwaɛd ixwan. Minzi mařa řwart iǧa s ccariɛa n Ttawrat, aqa war iǧi ɛad s lwaɛd. Maca Arebbi aqa iwca it i Ibrahim s lwaɛd.
Xenni umi tneffeɛ Ttawrat? Aqa tetwammarni x ssibbet n ddnub ařami dd-tusa zzariɛet tenni umi itwagg lwaɛd uca lmalakat wcint tt deg ufus n yijj n umseṣřaḥ. Aqa wenni d amseṣřaḥ war iǧi zeg ijjen, maca Arebbi d ijjen.
Ma xenni ccariɛa n Tawrat ḍidd i lwuɛud n Arebbi? Ɛemmarṣ! Minzi mařa tuɣa temmewc ict n ttawrat tzemmar ad tesseddar, d tidett tuɣa tasegda s ttawrat. Maca adlis (n ttawrat) ibelleɛ x marra di ddnub, ḥima řwaɛd ad immewc s liman di Yeccu Lmasiḥ i yinni yumnen .
Maca qbeř mma ad dd-yas liman, tuɣa-neɣ nemmeḥḍa di Ttawrat uca itwabelleɛ xaneɣ zzayes ařami dd-yusa liman wenni tuɣa i ɣa iḍharen. Maca umi dd-yusa liman, aqqa war neqqim ɛad sadu wenni ittarebban." (Tabrat i Igalaṭiyyen 3:15-25)
Ayt n Arebbi
Minzi marra kenniw d ayt n Arebbi s liman di Lmasiḥ Yeccu. Minzi marra inni itwassɣeḍṣen di Lmasiḥ, aqa arḍen Lmasiḥ. War din Uday niɣ Ayunani niɣ ismeɣ uřa d aḥurri, war din aryaz uřa d tamɣart , minzi marra neccin d ijjen i neǧa di Lmasiḥ Yeccu. Mařa kenniw teǧam n Lmasiḥ, aqqa kenniw d zzariɛet n Ibrahim uca ɛlaḥsab řwaɛd d iwriten." (Tabrat i Igalaṭiyyen 3:26-29)
S uyenni neẓra aqa tudart d tsegda war ǧin ca s Ttawrat, maca s lwaɛd u s liman days, ixs ad yini di Lmasiḥ i xef tuɣa issawař lwaɛd i Ibrahim. Lwaɛd ittxeṣṣa ad aneɣ issarɣ liman di Arebbi. Akemmeř n lwaɛd n Arebbi i Ibraham d Yeccu Lmasiḥ, wenni iksin amcan n Isḥaq, mmis n Ibrahim, umi itwaṣelleb x ṣṣalib i ddenb nneɣ i weṣřeḥ jar Arebbi d bnadem! Netta d Izmar n Arebbi i ikksin ddenb x ddunit i kuř ijjen wenni zzayes ittamnen.
Di Yeccu Lmasiḥ ɣarneɣ ijj n řɛahd ak-d Arebbi i d aneɣ-dd iwyen tudart s Liman di Yeccu Lmasiḥ. Dayes netwaɛahed s tudart n řebda. Řɛahd-a tuɣa ibda ad yiři qbeř ad ittwagg ujenna d umaḍal deg wuř d řxaḍar n Arebbi. Ttawrat n Musa war t txalef ca. Ccariɛa n Ttawrat iban-d aqa tuɣa nexḍa ktar zeg wami tuɣa-neɣ břa ccariɛa n Ttawrat, maɣar Israyil war iḍfar ca ccariɛa n Arebbi, am marra řegnus war ḍfaren ca ccariɛa n Arebbi i iǧan deg wuř nsen.
Inna Yeccu x řmewt nnes di Řexbar Aṣebḥan s ufus n Yuḥanna 12:24
"S tidett, s tidett, ad awem iniɣ, mařa war dd-iwḍi řḥebb n yirden di temmurt uca ad immet,
xenni ad iqqim weḥdes, maca mařa immut, xenni ad dd-tawyi řɣiǧet aṭṭas."
S ṣṣalib nnes issbeɛɛed Lmasiḥ xaneɣ ddenb (bnadem aqdim, ixs ad yini 'bnadem amednub' i war ineffɛen i Arebbi) uca idweř ɣars řɣiǧet kuř twařa ijj n bnadem ittegg atecři nnes xas. Mařa nettčeř x Lmasiḥ xenni bnadem aqdim i iǧan dayneɣ ɣar daxer ad iwanḍeř ak-d Yeccu Lmasiḥ deg wenḍeř nnes ḥima ad netwassnekkar ɛawed akides uca ad nebda tudart d jdid s liman days.


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Mark Twain,s yisem-is aḥeqqani Samuel Langhorne Clemens, d amyaru amarikan, yella daɣen d amsaran, ilul ass n n 30 deg duǧember 1835 di Florida i d-yezgan di Missouri (Iwunak yedduklen), yemmut ass 21 deg yebrir 1910 di Redding. Yettwaḥsab d yiwen gar imyura meqqren n tutlayt taglizit n lqern wis IX.
Deg tutert-is, yebda-tt-id d asedas, yuɣal d amziggez, syin yegra-d d aneɣmas ɣur wat lminat n Nevada. Ma deg tira yettwassen tazwara s wungal-is i ibudd i imecṭaḥ : Icaliyen Tom Sawyer (1876)akked d wayeḍ iss i yettkemmil, Icaliyen n de Huckleberry Finn (1885). Isental-is ideg yeqwa usaran d usqecmeɛ, ttawin-d s tuget ɣef tmetti tamarikant n wenẓul d umalu i d-yeglem akken ilaq deg iḍrisen-is, imi din i d-yekker. Iḥekku-d s umata ɣef ayen i d-yettmagar deg isiklen-is, maca yessenqed daɣen tikli n yemdanen d kra yettwaɣen deg-s.


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Imezdaɣ iẓaṛanen n Marikan
Iserwan n Marikan neɣ Imezdaɣ iẓaranen n Marikan neɣ Iɣlanen imenza (S Teglizit: Native Americans neɣ Amerindians, S Tespanyult: Indígenas de América neɣ nativos americanos) d ismawen yettwafken i yiɣerfan d yizɣaren n imezdaɣ imezwura n umenẓaw n Marikan n ugafa d unẓul seld n tallit n Christophorus Columbus, akken i ttunefken i tdefrin i d-yekkan zeg-sen, Deg Kanada ttusemmayen daɣen s iɣlanen imenza (s Teglizit: First Nations), Deg tazwara, Christophorus Columbus yessemma-asen s Ihendiyen s tezleg (s leɣlaḍ) acku iɣil d akken yewweṭ ar tigzirin tisemranin n Lhend ass mi i d-isnarem amadal amaynu, Maca ass mi i d-issentem uminig Aṭelyan Amerigo Vespucci d akken akal-nni d akal amaynu, fkan-asen isem n ihendiyen izeggaɣen neɣ ihendiyen imrikanen i wakken ad ten-meyyzen ɣef ihendiyen n Asya
AmezruyẒreg
Imezdaɣ iẓaṛanen n Marikan TuraẒreg
Ar tura sulen (Mazal) aṭas deg-sen ttidiren deg waṭas n tmura n Temrikt, Ugar n wanecta timura am Bolivia azgen ameqran n wegdud-is d imezdaɣ iẓaṛanen


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FRANKFURT/M. (Tamurt) – Taggara useggas di tmurt n Lalman, iIṭij iremmel-it usegna, tallast tesberbir ɣef tmurt. Deg wussan-a ttheyyin medden tameɣra n tlalit n „Sidna Ɛissa“ i yittilin yal aseggas ass n 24.12. Deg wakud-a medden sserwalen tallast s tafat yettecruruqen deg iberdan. Di tlemmast n yal aɣrem neɣ taddart sbeddayen taydiwin ssenṭaḍen fell-asent timpulin. Ihi tamurt tzehher s tafat.
Medden ttazzalen akka d wakka i wakken ad aɣen tunṭicin i twaculin, i yimawlan.Ttemduḥasen daɣen di leswaq imi qqaren « Weihnachtsmärkte », tetten, tessen. Wa yeznuzu, wa yettaɣ.
Almanen ttaɣen d yal aseggas kra n 25 imelyan n taydiwin i sbeddayen deg yixxamen-nsen ilmend n tmeɣra n tlalit n „Sidna Ɛissa“. Tarwa trezzef ɣer imawlan i wakken ad tesɛeddi ass n umulli-is. Yad yettamnen ttmektayen-d „Sidna Ɛissa“ qqaren yefka tameddurt-is, yemmurt s tayri-ines ɣef yemdanen merra. Ttmektayen-d daɣen yad yemmuten ur nezmir ad ilin gar-asen.
Deffir imensi wa yettak i wa tunṭicin. Arrac ttnecraḥen aṭas ulawen-nsen. Ladɣa ass n 6.12. yettawi-yasen-d yiwen wemɣar imi qqaren s talmant „Nikolaus“ tunṭicin am ccikula d wayen-nniḍen.
Ma d amur ameqqran n imezdaɣ n Lalman ur yecliɛ ara ma yella d tameɣa n „Sidna Ɛissa“ neɣ d ayen-nniḍen. Ɣur-sen d akud kan n westeɛfu, d akud n tuffẓa d tissit. Atan ihi yiwen usefru fell-asen:
A tamurt yerwan tuffẓa,
tuččit ur tettfaka’ ara.
Anida teddiḍ teffẓen,
amzun d ayen i ssnen.
Ameɣbun ma yelluẓ gar-asen,
ur t-ẓerren amzun ddreɣlen.
A tamurt yerwan timacinin,
zedɣent ula d addaynin.
A tawaɣit-ik a gma,
igenni yeqqers tura.
Aman n tiliwa ttwaɣen,
uzzal ur yettwaččay ara.
Akli Azwaw, 14.12.2015


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Tazarezt/tasraft tella tɣez, thegga akken ad teɣli deg-s tmurt.
Di yal amkan, tebḍa tmurt ɣef sin iderma : wid iran ad gedlen ayen akk ad d-yasen sɣur udabu, s tiɣri-nni n Hirak-Tanekra si 2019, « ulac tifranin akked tibbandit » (1), akked wid iran ad kecmen di temsizzelt… akken ur ttaǧǧan taɣiwant-nsen neɣ taseqqamut n twilayt ad teɣli gar ifassen n ibandiyen !
Yal tama tenna d nettat i yellan deg ubrid.
Ma d at ikabaren n udabu (FLN, RND, MSP…), llan cudden arkasen-nnsen, am akken uɣen tanamit, ad kecmen di temsizzelt, akken ad sersen iḍarren-nnsen di tɣiwant neɣ di twillayt. Llan ffɣen si tzuliɣt, kecmen-d seg iceqqiq ; d tin i d tafellaḥt-nnsen seg-wasmi d-lulen s učamar !
Tafrent tefra, wid d-ibedden nnig lebɣi n at tmurt-nnsen ndemmen, taggara kkaten deg ifassen-nnsen, wid d-ikkren akken ad gen afrag i yikabaren n udabu uɣen tama wadda, ma d ikabaren n udabu akked wid iddan yid-nsen ass-a kecmen axxam !
Tamsirt tameqqrant, neɣ taɣuri, mačči deg unnar n teḥraymit n ikabaren-a neɣ si tzarezt iga udabu ufella akken ‘’ad issers tigejda tineggura n udabu’’, zun tefra tallit n Hirak, n usaka/la transition, tura tebna tugdut tazzayrit, swayes ‘’ad asment azekka tmura nniḍen’’ !
Taɣuri tameqqrant, si tmuɣli-nnaɣ, mačči d uraren-a akken llan si yal tama. Ayen ad d-iqqimen, d talwit n tafrent, di yal amkan. Ulac taddart, ulac tiɣremt anda yekker umennuɣ gar yemdanen, ur iwwit ur ittwet yiwen, ur ijriḥ yiwen, ur immut yiwen s rsas. D win i d ammud/lfayda ameqqran.
S tefranin-a (APC, APW), tin ay kukran uget n yemdanen, aɣref n Lezzayer yekcem annar n tmura igedlen takriṭ/violence. D ammud/lfayda i d-iwwi usalu n talwit si 1980 (Tafsut Imaziɣen, amennuɣ ɣef izerfan…) akked Hirak-Tanekra si nnig sin iseggasen n tikliwin n talwit di yal amkan n tmurt (2).
Mačči d ayen d-ikkan sɣur udabu.
Tella yiwet temsalt ur tefri : di tafrent-a, adabu (neɣ yiwen udrum n udabu ?), ur d-ifki ɣer tuddar, ɣer tɣermin akked temdinin, wid ad issekren times, amennuɣ akked tazzla n idammen gar yemdanen, gar twaculin neɣ gar laârac. Acku, idelli kan i snekren times i tmurt, serɣen tuddar d tɣermin, mmuten yemdanen s uḥeǧǧaǧu n tmes deg yexxamen-nnsen. Ibeddel abrid udabu ?
Tidett, adabu ur ibeddel abrid-is, yunef kan seg ubrid, tallit, akken ad ilint tefranin.
Ilmend d times akked userkec n yemdanen akken wa ad ikkat wayeḍ (llan, uqan iɣallen iburen ara sxedmen s tedrimt yumsen), adabu yesseqdec tamsulta i d-ittcuddun imeɣnasen n talwit seg yexxamen-nnsen, amzun d irebraben-nni yesnegren tamurt… azekka yezmer ad yefk iserdasen s ibeckiḍen.
Timsizzelt tefra, yal tafrent tedda deg wass-is di talwit, am tid n tɣiwanin/APC, am tid n useqqamu n twilayt/APW, ufranen-d wid d-yufraren.
Tuttra ass-a, d abrid deg teddun ad t-aɣen wid/tid d-yufraren di tifranin-nni : ad bedden s wudem n at tmurt-nnsen i tmurt-nnsen, ɣas amur ameqqran ur ten-frinen ara, neɣ ad bedden d anzel n udabu, d ixeyyalen mgal at tmurt-nnsen, ad ilin am akken llan zik lqeyyad di dewla n Fransa, akked lqeyyad n FLN nnig 30 iseggasen, si 1962 armi d 1990 ?
Udem i d-fkan ass-a wid/tid d-yufraren ur issefraḥ. Amur ameqqran n yemdanen gan-asen yakan iɣemmi n tixxubta, sbabben-asen ayen illan neɣ ur nelli, ‘’trahison, tribalisme, clientélisme, …’’. Illa neɣ yerna ?
Ass-a, deg ufus-nnsen nitni i tella akken ad bedlen tamuɣli taberkant n iselwan i yasen-iḍlan. Akken daɣ azekka, adabu n tɣiwant ad iffeɣ seg unnar n udabu ufella (wid iḥekmen di tmanaɣt), akken ad gezmen ifadden n udabu i yetturaren s yisem n tugdut.
Asurif amezwaru d talwit. Ass-a yekcem deg yidles n tmurt. Iqqim-d azekka, wid/tid d-yufraren ad ddun deg ubrid n Izzayriyen i ten-ifernen, akken ad qablen adabu, ad ilin d lsas amezwaru i bennu n tugdut armi d taqacuct/tacwawt.
« Ulac adabu ibedden lebda ɣef ibeckiḍen », am akken illa wawal.
Aumer U Lamara
Timerna / Notes :
1) « Pas de vote avec le clan / ma-kanc intixabat mɛa el ɛisabat ».
2) Deg yiwen wulɣu i yat taddart, deg wussan-nni n temsizzelt/campagne électorale, abrid n talwit injer. Uran-d ulɣu di Facebook, akka : «Azekka ad d-asen ‘’les candidats’’ n ukabar xxx. Issefk-aɣ ad ten-qabel akken iwata, di talwit. Ad nsel i wayen ad d-inin, nitni ad uɣalen ansi d-usan, di talwit». Ur d-urin deg wulɣu awal-nni « wid ad d-yasen ad ilin di laânaya n taddart », maca fehmen-t akk ad taddart-nni. Usan-d wid-nni, berrḥen s sawal-nnsen, uɣalen di talwit.


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Aṭlas ameqqran
Aṭlas ameqran (s Tsusit d Tamaziɣt n weṭlas alemmas: Adrar n Dern) d amur afellay n tezrart n idurar n Aṭlas deg umeṛṛuk tbeddu seg yiri n ugaraw anaṭlas deg teftisin n Agadir deg unẓul utrim alamma d umurakuc, Isek (Taqacuct) yeflalen yakk deg tezrart-a d isek n tugg kal s waddud n 4165 m, Tazrart-a tettwagzem ar snat n tkura yebṭan gar-asent deg usaka n Tilwin, Dɣa d takura tutrimt (n umalu) i yeflalen ɣef tkura tagmudant (n usamar), Tazrart-a tla azal meqqren deg unezwi imi tgezzem tagelda n Umeṛṛuk ar snat n tamiwin tinezwayin (Anezwu aneẓraf deg usamar, d unezwu amnummsan deg umalu).
IsemẒreg
Imaziɣen iy zedɣen idurar-a ssemman-asen Adrar n Dern acku gan d aɣbalu n waman id yettaken tudert.


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Andriyya dil Virrukyu
Andriyya dil Virroccio nɣ s tutlayt tatalyanit : Andrea del Verrocchio (attayn n. 1435 – 1488) ikka-t-nn iga yan "sculptor" aṭalyan, adhaybi ig ula amkla. Tkka-tt-nn dars yat tsawrt ilan addur ammas n Flurinsa.
Kkan-t-nn gis kigan d yimklawn yaḍnin n tlslalit ar ttlmadn dar Verrocchio, yili gisn mad gis iswurrin. Rad naf zgitsn yan mnnaw zun d Botticelli, Ghirlandaio d ula Perugino. Amḥḍar n Verrocchio akkʷ ittyawssann iga-t Leonardo da Vinci.
Tudrt nns[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ilul d Verrocchio ɣ Flurinsa asggʷas 1435. Ibba-s Michele di Francesco Cioni, ikka-t-inn yad-lli ar iswurri ɣ uyajuṛ d uqrmid ar tn isgadda, issnfl tawuri nns yaɣul ig "tax collector" ḍarat-as. Iswurri dar tawja n id bu ibankiwn Ayt Medici, fad ilmma immutti s Vinisya.
Verrocchio lliɣ d ilul, gan as s yism Andrea di Francesco di Cioni. Snfln-as ism-nns s Andrea del Verrocchio lliɣ ibda ar ittlmad dar yan uhkkac (adhaybi) igan s yism Verrocchio (irwas is d nttan nit ad igan Francesco di Luca Verrocchio, yan unsbaɣur bahra imursn ɣ wussan nns). Amm yan dars ittḥḍarn, ilmd dars Verrocchio manmk s ar ttyawsakrnt tzuzaf d yirukutn n wurɣ zun d iṭbsiln, iɣṛṛafn d yiqṛɛay n tisnt. Ilmd manmk s ar ssufuɣn ɣ wurɣ; yan wanaw n twriqin tusdidin ar asnt ttinin "afriw n wurɣ", d usmrs nnsnt ɣ mad izdin d zzwaq n yisutay n twlafin, isfrisn d ɣaylli mu ttinin "illuminated manuscripts". Ilmd daɣ manmk s ar snulfun/ttṣwwabn isfrisn n ubrunẓ. Ukan, taɣawsa ad igguran a's bahra ittyawssan nttan.
Tizi ad, immaggar Verrocchio nttan d Donatello. Yaɣul Donatello iga yan zzɣ "sculptors" akkʷ ttyawssannin. Anck lli sul iskr ɣ yisfrisn yuti isfrisn n Verrocchio. Is ka, Donatello d Verrocchio s sin-itsn sgaddan yan usfris n David ilan ixf n Goliath, s sin-itsn daɣ sgaddan yan usfris ixatrn n yan usrdas (aɛskṛi) ittyawssann; issudan ayyis-nns (asfris igan win imnayn). Kigan n tikkal, ar sngaddan imussnawn n umzruy d ar ssmzazaln gr sin yisfrisn-ad n yimnayn.
Verrocchio, ur jju itahl, mac ikka-t-nn ar ittazzal meqqar; f ayt tewja-nnes yaḍnin. Idrus mad ittyawssanen f tudert-nnes, abla mas ilmed dar Fra Filippo Lippi akkʷ ayenn iqqnen s teklut, d mas ar tetturruyent tiwuriwin-nnes tireslanin s yiseggʷasen-nnes simraw imeggura, d mla d is ur d takessa n Lorenzo de Medici d iwwi-s Piero, ur inni ad izzigiz mani. Ikka-t-nn yamu ula netta ɣ "Guild" n St Luke (Luke Agʷrram), kkan-d tsawert-nnes kigan ɣ yinaẓuren keswatnin. Tiwuriwin n kra ɣ yinelmaden-ad-nnes zund Domenico Ghirlandaio, Francesco Botticelli d Pietro Perugino, iceqqa ad ten-tssengarad d twuriwin n Verrocchio s yixf-nnes.
Ɣ tgiriwin n tudert-nnes, ifel Verrocchio i Lorenzo di Credi tasawert-nnes n Flurinsa, irẓem-d netta ṭayya ɣ Vinisya, mani ɣ ikka ar iswurri f usefris n Bartolomeo Colleoni. Immut ɣ Vinisya aseggʷas n 1488. Ar ittyawḥasab Andrea mas iga yan zeɣ yimezwura usridnin n umessenti (entrepreneur) awṭalyan, Paul M. Verrochi.
Tiflwin nns[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ar ittyawnna mas ibda Verrocchio ar ikllu ɣ yisggʷasn n id 1460, lliɣ iswurri ɣ ammas n Prato nttan d umkla Fra Filippo Lippi. Yat tflwit ittyawssann ilan asinyatur n Verrocchio k'ad illan. Ad tt-igan d yat "l'altarpiece" ɣ tlla Madonna nttat d wazzan-nns munan d yigʷrramn ɣ ammas n tkatidraliyt n Pistoia, tettyawkla tigira n id 1470. LLant sul yan mnnawt tflwin-yaḍnin sɣ ustudyu n Verrocchio. Irwas ukan is gi-sn ikʷla Verrocchio kra; klun gi-sn daɣ imḥḍarn-nns kra yaḍni.
Taflwit akkʷ gi-snt ittyawssan, tettyawskar gr 1472 d 1475. Ad tt-igan d Addum n Umasiḥ. Izmmim Giorgio Vasari ɣ warra-nns igan s uzwl Tudrt n Inaẓurn Ikswatn; mas d anglus lli d-yuckan f uzlmaḍ ikʷla-t Leonardo da Vinci. Ar gi-s daɣ ittals Vasari f Verrocchio, mas d lliɣ irura unggaru-ad taɣʷḍft s umḥḍar-nns yiw-s n mraw d tam yisggʷasn d tmfkit-ann-nns bahra ihyyan ɣ tklut; isrs d akkʷ nttan taccitat-nns s yat tklit, ur jju d nttan ad sul ikʷlan kra ɣ tudrt-nns. Iɣ as-izzri yan s usnɣd, irad yakʷz mas d amata ɣ tflwit ittyawkla s yat tmamkt n "tempera" igan tazaykut, imil anglus, kra n yigzzumn ɣ tfkka n Ɛisa, d umuɣli-ann n tɣʷrdin kulci-tn ttyawklan s yat tattiqnit n tklut tazitiyt igan tamaynut. Ar ittajja mayad imussnawn n umzruy n tẓuri ad inin d yixfawn-nnsn mas iswurri Leonardo f yan mnnaw yigzzumn sɣ tugna-ad. Ittufka awd yan usumr n mas ikʷla Botticini wis-sin anglus.
"Sculpteurs"[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Isnulfa-d Verrochio snat tɣawsiwin zɣ uẓru, yan utabut (cercueil) d yan usarid (lavabo). Ar ittuyanna mas isrm altu yat Madonna d Ubijju s low relief (yat tɣarast n ufrs, asrɣet nɣ d asrm ɣ ar ittuman design zund is ira ad d-iffuɣ zɣ surface-nns, s yat tfsna ixatrn "high relief" nɣ d yat idrusn "low relief").
Ttyawskarn "sculptures" n Verrocchio akkʷ ttyawssannin s ubrunẓ nna igan yan wanaw n umɣuz (métal). D afad ad d-isnulfu yan usfris n ubrunẓ, ista Verrocchio ad t-ixdm s tkira (cire). Iskr-as s izwar "plâtre" iggi-nns afad ad as-ifk yan "moule" ḍart mad t ttkkis, issrɣ-as i umɣuz-ann ɣ yan ufarnu ar kiɣ kullu ifsi yaɣul iga (liquid). Issuga umɣuz ifsin ɣ "mould" yajj-t-nn ad ikrm s ttawil-nns. Ḍart mad ikks "plâtre", yaff-nn usfris nns n ubrunẓ yujad, ur as iɣama min "finition" d ujrak (polissage)
Tawwuri ɣ San Lorenzo[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tekka-tt-nn tga Taglizt n San Lorenzo (Lawrence Agʷrram) yat teglizt n umaynu ɣ Flurinsa. Iṣka-tt umesdag Brunelleschi s tmamekt n Tleslatit igan tamaynut ɣakud-ann. Kkan-t-nn Ayt Medici gan imasayen-nnes akkʷ dar illa waddur, stan Verrocchio zund sculptor-nnsen nna rad gi-s iswurin f kraḍ yisenfaren.
Isnulfa-d Verrocchio ɣ 1465 yan usarid i tmeṣriyt-ann n San Lorenzo (nna mi tinin ɣilad "Old Sacristy"), ɣ ttilin iheddumen d yirukuten n "Communion". Ittusrem-as i ufella n usarid-nna yan yigider, ittgensasen azamul n John Agʷrram Awenjil (St. John the Evangelist). Ittusrem-as i udis-nnes "coat of arms" n Ayt Medici. Tettufka-as ɣakud-ann i Verrocchio yat temhelt iẓlin s "désigne" n yan umḍel i Cosimo, "banker" ittyawssanen d jedd-is n Ayt Medici.
Ɣ tezwiri n temrawant n 1470, ikellef-t Lorenzo de Medici s temhelt n "désigne" n umḍel n baba-s Piero d ɛemm-is Giovanni. Ikka-t-nn umḍel-ann nna as-"designer" Verrocchio iga "unusual". Isnulfa-as-d yan "sarcophagus" (atabut n uẓru) imeqquren zeɣ yan uẓru "rouge-foncé" igan afalkay, "trimmed" s uẓru azegzaw d yifrawen "sculptured" s ubrunẓ. Ɣ udɣar n ad as-isker yan "design" n ɣmk-nna bedda ɣ ittili utabut izdi d uɣrab, isker-as nettan yan "désigne" yaḍen t-ittajjan ad nn-yili ɣ tuẓẓumt n usaka ittawin s "Sacristy". Isgadda-as Verrocchio yan uzeṭṭa n ubṛunz itettumanen zund is ittyawskar s yizakaren.
Amasiḥ d Thomas Agʷrram[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Taglizt akkʷ igan "unusual" ɣ ammas n Flurinsa ɣakud-ann tga-tt taglizt n Orsanmichele. Tga yad-lli tuṣka-a tin yan ugadaz n usengar mi ittyawkla usalas s tugna tatigant n Madonna d Urba. Ittusenfel ugadaz-a s teglizt, dlen-as idisan-nnes s yiɣerban. Kkan-t-nn dar yiɣerban-nnes kra n tburjutin (niches) ganin uɣizen, mani ɣ ttafan ad sbidden isefrisen. Swurrin kigan n mdden ɣ ammas n Flurinsa ɣ tazzulin mzaraynint, amunen midden-a kullu ɣ mnnawt tmaddasin mi tinin "guilds". Ikka-t-nn ar ittiri kraygatt guild azalan ɣ tmdint ad nn dar-s yili usefris n ugʷrram-nnes apaṭrun ɣ yat zeɣ tburjutin-ann n Oransmichele. Kkan-t-nn ar ttyawskaren isefrisen-a s yifassen n yimayafen n "sculptor".
Isfrisn-nns[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Isgadda Verrocchio snat tɣawsiwin fulkinin sɣ ammas uẓru, yan utabut (coffin) d yan usarid (washbasin). Ar daɣ ttinin mas isrm ula yat Madonna d Wazzan s tmamakt n "low relief".
Isfrisn n Verrocchio akkʷ dar-s ttyawssannin, ttyawskarn s ubrunẓ, nna igan yan wanaw ɣ lmɛdn.
Izdayn yaḍnin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Andrea del Verrocchio ɣ ammas n "Amzruy n Tẓuṛi"
- Tabyugrafit n Andrea Verrocchio
- Talgamt n izdayn f twuri n Verrocchio
- Tabyugrafit n Andrea del Verrocchio