c: text/html

text:
tadssa s tawala
Tadssa s tawala
is nrwa ligh sul nella
nmrurd nemghi gh ukba
n takna
nssum akwfayns ,nles
tissumga
nskuber gh taghwmert ad
inin-agh yuda
“is fellawn tgut a tarwa
n dihiya
niwid tifawt nawi akal
nflawn ametta
nmlawn tazzalit d uzum
tframt s tamazgha
nmun tasutin ar fellawn
ndessa
tagwmat n tillas ur tssin
afra"
nnanet , ar sul dessan
nfessa
ligh yad ndew nezma
nselhassa
isiwdagh iggig ligh yut
gh igenna
niksud uccan ,nrur
nehda
agwd a tihiya s warraw nm,
inza
igh gim isul kran ametta
dit ghassa
ssumn urin n tasutin, nlul
nerka
nmghi gh tazamma
ar sul dessan a y iman n
dihiya
ar sul dessan ,tg tadssa s
tawala .
stikka
Stikka
Ar ukan sul itlli ger tiswak .aynna yas fkan iwdan yamezt s tummert zund tazzant igh as sghan talullucht tamaynut mas iturar !!
Laz d ussemid d gar asmmaql d imal war tasna ,ghkad atga tudert n “”stika”” , yah awd assaghns ur irwas win miden , mach ur igi assagh li yas fkan zegh tallalit ,
Iwden ad iga (abed llah) isemk n wakuch , irzat uzemzad daw achenyal n tayri li yusi I tamurt ad tanammart !
Abed llah ,asafu n tigemmins n , iga gh ger aydars ,yan afroukh ger kust n tiferkhin , , yafud babas ifelt gh uswgasns wis ttam ,immagh d uzemz s ayna mu yufa , igh d iffagh zegh tinmel idu ar izenza iselman gh ugadaz,irar tin idd ,s dar yinnas ,ich imensins, yasid idlisn ns ihsu ayli yasn ifka aselmad .
Yaws I innas , ig argaz n tgemmi zegh timzins.
Tahelnt istmas yagurd ntan d yinnas (hniya) .
zrin iswgasn , ig abed llah argaz , ilkem s tighrins I aswir ifulkin ifkayas adur ger inwgans , ig abed allah aselmad I tutlayt n ta3rabt !!
Ghkeli s akw tinin : yan ur ur
ur
ur
Mach kran tikkal ,ar itga afulki yad gar I afgan !
Abed allah s twalans , ar itiri tamazirt ns ,immagh ad ifalkay imalns , ar beda fellas itara ,ar sers itwirgi ar gis itumal , ar ikkat f izerfan n ufgan , ad iderf ad inegh afessa fellas ikkan !
Ur
Ur
Isawl abed llah ,isawl inna ayli yas itsutuln gh ugensns , isawl inna aylli ur
ur
Yull achenyal n tiderfiyt ,inna s tghuyyit : tangadayt negh tamerwayt !!!
Ur
Ur
gh uswgas n 1984 ,gh yan idd ur irwass addan , nghan afgan gh ugens n abed llah , fkant tarragt I tillas n yan amadal iggut fellas assagh n aghzu !!
amadal ger kust n ighwrban azn I gratesn attas , ahanu dwu akal , ur ur
ur
ur
mraw n uswgas ad gis ikka ,ar gis itafud ifdi n tklit gh kri gat assef , ar gis itqqen laz s imik n ughrum iqqurn d imik n waman is ka rwasn aman !
ar gis ichta asemmid ikhsans ,yakwr gis amadun tadusins !
mraw n uswgas izrit ent gh tillas ,ur issen man ak ay tili uzal d man akud agh d itagwa idd , idda ad itu udem n wayur d usmerghi n itran , idda ad itu is iga afgan , is ilul imghi ger inas d babas d istmas , is ighwra ayligh iga aselmad , is tlul gh ullns tayri n tawtemt ,iwwarg ad teg tasmunt n tudert ns , idda ad itu ,ghkelli st tun mind !!
itahl abed llah s tassast , binas illes lis isawl yan wass f tiderfiyt , d ufus lis itara gh yan uzemz f tayri n tamurt , tlkem tassast afans , ig afud timilla gh addad an !!
ilkem akud ligh rad izwu akuc timilla gh ullawn n uccan , rzemn tifelwin n umadal an illasn , din abed llah , ad ilul I tisnat twal gh tudert ad ,iffagh igellin ,yufad ifkhens gh yat (sahra2) war abrid ,sigh isyafa kran afus iters igin ighir ns , igrawl yafed yan argaz meqqurn ,
yinyas : man tamazirt agh tuchkidt ad k sers raregh a ywi ?
ismaql gis isiwnas allen , ira adas irar f useqsins ,mach illes ns ifelt darat n ughwrabad !!
ikwna ira ad as yara gh umlal ,mach afus awd ntat ifelt jaj n aghzu yad !!
yukz afeqqir an is ira ad as inna kra mach ur as yufi , ar as itini timizar ,yat s yat , ar as ikkat abed llah s ikhfens uhuy uhuy uhuy …aylligh inna assagh n tamdint ns , inder zund ighas iqqes kra ,yutas s uqllal ,yah yah yah …
imun dis afqir an iselkemt ar tamdint ar
tamdint n iselm d ideqqi , mac ur sul tgi ghkeli s t ifel , igigl ill ns , khwlan ighwrban iqburn , iwdan jlan kri gat yan d man adu at yiwin , isduqr gh imi n tgemi ligh ilul , iter ad isella I awal n yinnas mach ur as irzem awd yan , intu tagurt , yut adu n itay , ikchemd isella I taghlaghalt n yinnas d tadsa n istmas , yurrid sers uzemz s ussfan n timzins , isiwn allnes I yighwrban ar gisent itannay tiwllafin n igdam , izra tisit tugl ukan sul gh ger ahanuns d unwal ,ira ad gis yagw mach iksud ad izer kran udm yadnin ur igi wins , isdu f aghwrab ar yalla am azzan igh as kkesn akwfay , awd yan issen maf yalla abed llah , izd ,iswgasn liyas ukern ,negh innas li yafudn s tugt n izengign d wattan f iwis n tassans , amsyafa yad yuger ametta igut f usmammi !!
zegh akudan, ilesa abed llah aqchab n unufl , isenfel assaghns s (stikka) , isti ad beda yagug f tillawt ad inegh timektitns s iyiren li issa …
afgan war imal , war tasna .
ur ju ssengh is “”stika”” ikatin iga ameghnas , mach iga anw li ur issen afessa ,ur tmerks taghensans d tkhendallast , ur agh isawal ar ihedda darat n tmesmunin, ur agh izenza ar issagh gh tamurt ns !
stikka iga sul ameghnas , achku yugi ad dagh didengh idru amadal ad , isti ad yagug iski amadal izli sers !!
azzar azirar
azzar azirar
Ull tassa iman imsyafatn ghusnin d mad akw ifulkin gh ufgan yafud , inghat azemzad s gar tillay s tugt n izengign s tighzi n tizdert d tillas n ullawn d annaz abercan d unaruz irzan , mad sul yagurn gh ufgan igh gis
nghan afgan ??!!
Uragh sul isblbis iwdn igh ar zigiz gh id illasn , is agh itazzal , acku afgan d tillas gan yan ,am keyin , ar tallat ar tdessat gh yan akud , tqqent allnek tasit tuzzalt tute t t sers wayyad gh tadawt , tmdelt ar fellas tsmittiwt , tinit : ntan ad yi zwar inghan !!!
Zegh assef ligh tzugt tstit taggugt ,ad kkigh ar tqqelgh s assef yadnin ad gis irgagi ullnk ,ikwtid Is illa mad sers itqqeln !!.
Ssengh tssent ,man tasga gh urtingh agh imghi alili ,ad jiyi ka ad ak aragh tigwriwin ad zwanin zegh tummert d unaruz ,adjiyi ka han ur agh imnid yan, ur agh islla ufgan ,mar ad yakwz is keyyin ad mi taragh !!
Idd an ur irwas adan , gh tizi ligh ar tumalgh gh imal , itters agdid ar ikkat tiflwin n tirihit n uhanunw , rzemghas , ikchemd ar d itfirri s tummert ,inayi s wawal ihennan : zgh yat tmazirt yagugen agh fellam isawal d ixfens , ismun iswingimns yamez abrid n usigl ,ar serm itlli a mu azar azirar ,ar serm itlli ,ummer !!
Inighas s tummert : yah rad ummergh ,mach mazza igh iga awalnk am tiwurganu ??
Inayi s wawal idran : igh ur igi tidt ,geyyi taqqayt s azzar nm azirar !!
Ddergh tudert inu gh iwiz ,ar serk tqqelgh ,yah a win ull ,ur ju nghigh anaruz gh ugansinu , kerjgh tifras n udmenk gh timektit inu , lesghak aqacab gwnight s imsyafatn inu ,geghak assagh ukerght I agellid n izuraninu (amazigh) !! aragh gh igenwan s usmerghi n itran ,ar k tirigh ar afud !! ghwzangh ,righk aylligh fellak tgut tayrinu afudgh daw achenyl iswingimn nek !!
Tennit rad akwrgh titrit rad tg tarragt n tamunt ngh, tennit rad gegh ayyis amellal li rad serm istara umadal tnnit may ggutn,mach is agh ka tinit …
Ghezzifn ussfan ,tdrus tizdert, ur sul tmmim tayri , tga tikwssadin , ar tsutulgh I y ighmran n umadal inu uffur zund tanafalt ,illa igh skubergh gh taghwmert illasn siwngh allninu I tirihit n uhanunw ar tqqelgh ad zelmgh asklunk azirar ,illa igh chefgh gh ill n tiwurga ar dessagh, illa igh yi tdemml tadangiwt n tillawt ar allagh!!
, tmattelt a winu tmatelt attas !!
Ur jju ssengh is awd titratin ar allant igh ten ifel ayur ,aylligh ilkem id an illasn!
Id ligh nsti ad nara aneqqid igwran gh tallest ngh , akud ligh nqqen tayringh gh aghzu n ikwtayn , tasdadt ligh nsyafa aberray n tibdit , assef ligh neqqen tittawin nrzemt ent f umadal yadnin ,ur gis ndru tayri ur gis nmun !!
Sugh zegh aghwraf n tgudi d wattan , ur sul sfawgh amer tasga illasn gh umadal ad, ikchem agdid ,ar itfirri s tgudi ar yi tsutul ar itsutul , mlalligh, inighas s tghuyyit : yuda gh timlullay , ad jiyi , fugh !!
Ur isawl ,itghi gh wazzarinu ar ikkat s tifrawins s ikhfens, , afad ad skergh tmi I yusfans , ar sers kkatgh ad felli yagug ,mach yugi , imik ider s wakal isutlas azzarinu , yah igayas sul taqqayt , inghat sul igellin !!
Inghat afad ad isfsus f ullinu anzgum nk , usigh tuzlin bbigh azzar afada d sul itga taqayt I yigdad n tayri !
Zayd awinu ,fliyi gh umadala d ussuf war tayri war asmun , matrit ull irban anzgum !!
Ull tassa iman imsyafatn ghusnin d mad akw ifulkin gh ufgan yafud , inghat azemzad s gar tillay s tugt n izengign s tighzi n tizdert d tillas n ussfan d annaz abercan d unaruz irzan , mad sul yagurn gh ufgan igh gis nghan afgan ??!!
Uragh sul sbilbisn iwdan ar tiksudn igh ar zigizn gh id illasn , is agh tazzaln , acku afgan d tillas gan yan ,am keyin , ar tallat ar tdessat gh yan akud , tqqent allnek tasit tuzzalt tneght sers wayyad , tmdelt ar fellas tsmittiwt , tinit : ntan ad yi zwar inghan !!!
Icheqqa ad snudugh tallest ad gh sin usfan gh sin iyyirn negh d sin iswggasn, rad beda tg aghbalu ligh tagwmgh izengign d attan n tirra d usenflul ,afad ad taragh f tayri n war tamimt , f igdad tafudnin daw achrnyal n tayri .
Ssengh tssent ,man tasga gh urtingh agh imghi alili
Ghawlgh bigh azzar azirar afad ad sul ur
ur
Manzan ussfan d awal immimn , manzan ullnk ikkat s tayrinw , manzan timektit li ur gis amer tifras n udminu igh zmumggh gh udmenk ,manzankin??
Innayer tmel ak inna ter
Innayer tmel ak inna ter
Tarezzift i Tamilla d Mouloud Laâlou,Amedyazz,Tanirt
Azul agdud
Azul adelsan
Tamayt iw akuc
Urta ilul w awal
Urta negin urin
Ad izdegh unezgum
Gh ixef mayla w akud
Ilm inu ad lesan
Tutlayt n ughruc
As ittut unneli fw akal
Ar ittagh ur rin
Ad izdegh unamum
Gh ufekka n umedyaz
Azul abaraz
Igan amedduz
N useggul d idan
Rkemn idudan
Recant tirac
Gh unnerar n ikerkas
Argan azidar addag nk a lluz
Amerkas d umerwas nferk as
Tsawl tawukt gh igherman
Yakwi w akuz gh ighwerman
Berin ifadden serin ighwemran
Afgan ur issen mad gan d mad ran
Nnan iqburen i tasut ad
Innayer tmel ak inna ter
Trared tasut ad i iqburen
Ayenna nera att nemater
Imermuren d uferfuren fw anfuren
Tallast n ulawen n ihruren
Nekkwni nesti nezli ghikad
Neswa l vingt trois 23
Tuf ighism terwa
Nesaw aman n duert
Ufen urkimen gh tumert
Ur neri tafenzut d ughermi
Ur neri ibawen d ifrawen nermi
Naddum namez tighwmert
Farid Mohamed Zalhoud
Amedyaz
Ssanf aman hann uzun iswa
Ssanf aman hann uzun iswa
i Tanirt
Ar azal a war tufawt
Ar anbdu a war tafukt
Yand izdan add nsawal
Yand ikkaten ghw afaten
Agh nera amawal
Agh nera add iffugh acbar llighd kkaten
Ssanf aman hann uzun iswa
Ikerkas nferkasen
Timgullba nna nemya tent
Timlullay nna nsyafa tent
Rar anamk s iwettasen
Agharas agharas
Ad nekkus f iqburen
Amawas amawas
Adad n imazzalen
Ssanf awal ssanf aman ssanf akal
Ur s ayenna dark ur illin
Yan issudan aram
Ur iksud idan
Amedyaz
Abaraz n Ayt Unezgum
Abaraz n Ayt Unezgum
Tarezzift i Tanirt
Mgergh kra gh ikaliwen urenn akkw netam
Is rad gis tutt a yadu tsaghett inn arwass
Aragh alligh nera nnazen iffarri w awal
Ur gigh amer amedyaz inw urenn akkw netam
Izd azetta wanna gis ur isfawn azal
Is radt izluzzu nettan isker timerwas
hanbn idgam adam aragh nurrid ad nnigh
Mas ur nettu Tanirt negh is ar akkw allagh
Lligh sul iddaur annigh maf ukan nemmagh
Uzengh amenn yan izli yuf am akkw ayyur
Mach azetta ur ar nessin iggammi ann iffagh
Hayyi ghassad gh ubaraz nesbidd aghudid
Ad iy ur tenna Tanirt issefra ugedrur
Tagellidt n tmedyazin nekkin agellid
tageldit inu tinnunt awal Amazigh
Anezgum abaraz negh nettan agh mgergh
Temgert gis a Tamazight taffan iwaliwen
Mad nessgwrad titbirin acbar ad ifiwen
Amedyaz
Eloge à la féminité
Eloge à la féminité
dédié à
Tourterelle,
Fatytaf,
Toufitri,
Tanirt,
Tinurgh,
Nadia2,
Tilelly,
Titrit2008
Autel béni de finesse et d'élégance
Autel béni de jouvence d'espérance
Haut tel Atlas j'érige l'édifice de ma louange
Aux étoiles scintillantes aux chérubins anges
Hotte pleine de ces gerbes fleuries
Haute plaine de mes verbes mûris
Douces créatures tendresse si féminine
Muses intarissables de mes rimes câlines
En adorateur puisse le mot en être modérateur
De vos ébats vos fins et sublimes beaux gestes
En vénérateur puisse mon poème imprécateur
En paraître tout galant sans être licite manifeste
Si seulement vous pouviez ô douce Féminité régner
Le monde irait beaucoup plus mieux et moins vieux
Nos vies seraient mieux vécues de caresses baignées
Si seulement vous pouviez gouverner ces beaux lieux
Zalhoud
Langue grabataire
Langue grabataire
Dédié à Tourterelle,Toufitri,Tayrinoune,Fatytaf,Tanirt,Katia
Fouine de l' arganeraie je supplie tes faveurs ta largesse
Assiste-moi en la quête d'un mot inouï ultime qui résume
Toutes les peines toutes les joies et qui m'insuffle sagesse
Je fouille grimoires mouroirs où je me consume
Toi langue grabataire agonise peu m'importent tes mots
Je tairai à étouffer mes illusions tes allusions mes maux
C'est sans mot dire sans maudire que je plie mes bagages
Vers un monde serein aérien où je végète sans gages
Le silence me baigne me caressent la brise et le rêve
Détrompé je n'ai plus que faire du motif de ma quête
Complice du minéral l'animal me fuit et l'enfant d'Eve
Béat et quiet comme pas un le mutisme haut m'élève
Farid Mohamed Zalhoud
Amedyaz
Page blanche
Page blanche
Dédié à Tabelaïdte
Ma terre
Ma mère
Ma langue muette
Sans palais ni luette
Secret de mes lèvres
Celle qui me sèvre
Ma terre
Ma mère
Mon chant d'alouette
Mon élancée silhouette
Indicible aux verbes
Mon champ de gerbes
Ma terre
Ma mère
Ma langue de sagesse
De tact et de finesse
Ma raison d'être
Debout tel le hêtre
Ma terre
Ma mère
Ma cause juste
Ma muse auguste
Ma gloire ma défaite
Ma patrie parfaite
Ma terre
Ma mère
Ma page blanche
Ma poésie franche
Mon amour mon secours
Et mon ultime recours
Amedyaz

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


text:
nouara chanteuse kabyle, kamel hamadi, cherif khadam, ait manguelet, slimane azem, cherif hamani, malika doumrane, fahem mouh said, hamidouch, matoub lounas, idir, farhat imazighen imula, ali idhflawen, groue djurdjura, algerie, tizi-ouzou, annaba, oran, setif , bougie, bedjaia, printemps berber, thafsouth imazighen, chanteurs algeriens, musique kabyle, brty, beur tv, canal algerie, boumerdas, alger, belcourt, tigzirt, ouadhias, michelet, larbaa nath irathen , abane ramdhane, rcd, ffs, mak, aarouche en kabylie, belaid aberka, said saidi, hocine ait ahmed,
suite


text:
Draɛ Lqayed
Draɛ Lgayed d yiwet tɣiwany i yegber tawilayt n Bgayet, d taɣiwant i tebɛen ɣer usun n Xerraṭa, tezga-d deg unẓul- asammar n ugezdu n Bgayet, tamnaḍt-a d taqenṭart gar snat n twilayin : Bgayet akked Sṭif, tebɛed ɣef tlemmast n ugezdu n Bgayet s wazal n 70 km, d tamenaḍt i yellan wessieet tajumma-ines ad taweḍ ɣer 120,16 km2.
Amezruy[beddel | edit source]
Tarakalt[beddel | edit source]
Seg tama n ugafa tesɛa tilisa akked tɣiwant n Xerraṭa Seg tama n unẓul ad naf taɣiwant n Ein Rwa. Seg tama n usammar ad naf taɣiwant n Wed lbared akked Tizi n Beccar. Seg tama n umalu tesɛa tilisa akked temnaḍt n Mawklan anked Beni Qbila.
Asideg (timella)[beddel | edit source]
Tadimugrafit[beddel | edit source]
Taɣiwant n Draɛ Lgayed tegber aṭas n yimezdaɣ ɛla ḥsab n tddadant ixedmen deg useggas n 2014 amḍan-nsen yeweḍ ɣer 29779 n yimezdaɣ, amḍan n yimdanen i yesɛan deg leɛmer-nsen ddaw n 6 yiseggasen yeweḍ ɣer 2362 n yimezdaɣ, wid yesɛan deg leɛmer-nsen Yerna, gar 16 ɣer 59 n yiseggasen yeweḍ ɣer 20639 n yimdanen, ma d wid yesɛan seg 60 n yiseggasen d asawen ad naf azal n 1786 n yimdanen.
Tudrin[beddel | edit source]
Taɣiwant n Draɛ Lgayed tegber aṭas n tudrin yemxalafen; ad nebder gar-asent: taddart n Sidi Buğri, taddart n At Nṣer, ad naf daɣen taddart n Snadla, tella dɣen taddart n Leḥrayec, Dradra,At Faḍel, Buzugla, Berzax (adeg-aɣella), Taqliɛat, Ajjiwen, Azaɣar, At Saɛda, Deba, At Belqasem, Drawat,


text:
Saint-Hymer
Saint-Hymer a zo ur gumun eus departamant Calvados e Bro-C'hall.
Taolenn
Istor[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
XIXvet kantved[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
XXvet kantved[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
- Eil brezel-bed, Emgann Normandi, 1944: mervel a reas pemp den nann soudard e Saint-Hymer abalamour d'ar brezel; daou waz a voe lazhet gant an Alamaned, unan anezhe a oa bet ganet e Groñvel, daou zen all a voet lazhet gant ur vombezadeg hag unan gant ur vindrailhadeg [1].
Monumantoù ha traoù heverk[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
- Iliz prioldi Saint-Hymer [2].
Bez ar C'hommonwealth e bered ar gumun: Saint-Hymer Churchyard[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Levier e oa er 129th Squadron eus ar Royal Air Force. Mervel a reas d'ar 14 a viz Even 1944 1944 e-pad Emgann Normandi e-pad an Eil brezel-bed [3].
Armerzh[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Douaroniezh[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Emdroadur ar boblañs 1962-2009[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Niver a annezidi [4]


text:
Anṣuf yes-wen ɣer Umawal n Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen
Amawal-a d win ay zemren ad t-sqedcen akk medden s tefses. Deg-s igiman (luluf) n wawalen s tmaziɣt akked tsuqilt-nsen ɣer tefṛensist, tespenyulit ed taɛṛabt.
Ugar n 12000 n wawalen!!!
Akken ad tarum tamaziɣt deg uselkim, Zedmet-d anasiw (clavier) n tmaziɣt da.
Ad tafem deg-s ama d awalen n yal ass, ama d awalen itraren (modernes), yerna ad tafem deg-s aṭas n tugniwin ed yirmawen (termes).
Seg tama niḍen, tzemrem ad tafem ula d addad amaruz (état d'annexion) n yal awal.
Ayen igerrzen netta tzemrem ad tafem deg umawal-nneɣ taseftit n yal amyag amaziɣ.
I wakken ad d-tnadim awal, arut-t deg umutur n unadi n Umawal (usawen ɣef uyeffus - anda tella taqeffalt "Search"). Tzemrem ad tarum ula d awal yellan deg wesget neɣ deg waddad amaruz (état d'annexion), am wakken ay tzemrem ad tnadim ula d amyag yeftin (conjugué).
Nessaram-awen tirzi igerrzen deg umawal-nneɣ :-)
Rzut daɣen ɣef udeg n Tiddukla-nneɣ: www.imedyazen.com.
Arut-aɣ neɣ ɣret-aɣ-d:
Aql-iken deg - Vous êtes dans - Ustedes están en - أنتم في
Amawal n Tmaziɣt - Dictionnaire Amazigh - Français - Diccionario Amazigh - Español - قاموس أمازيغي - عربي
(c) Omar Mouffok - Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen.


text:
Charles Dickens
Charles John Huffam Dickens (ilul deg 7 Furar 1812 – 9 Yunyu 1870), d netta ay d aneggal (romancier) mechuren akk deg Langliz deg tallit tavictoriant (tallit n Tgellidt Victoria). Aṭas seg wungalen-nnes llan ssawalen-d, ladɣa, ɣef lḥif ay terwa tmetti tanglizit deg tallit-nnes, yerna yella yessuffuɣ-iten-id deg tesɣunin. Tiḥkayin n Dickens ssawalent-d ɣef tɣawsiwin n tmeddurt swaswa kan akken llant deg tilawt, dɣa d aya ay yejjan kra n yimura d imeqranen n tallit-nnes ad t-id-cekren, am George Gissing, Leo Tolstoy ed G. K. Chesterton.
Ayen yura[beddel | edit source]
Dickens yettwassen, ladɣa, s sin n wungalen d imeqranen, Oliver Twist akked David Copperfield.
- The Pickwick Papers
- The Adventures of Oliver Twist
- The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby
- The Old Curiosity Shop
- Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of 'Eighty'
- A Christmas Carol 1843
- The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit
- The Chimes 1844
- The Cricket on the Hearth 1845
- The Battle of Life 1846
- Dombey and Son
- The Haunted Man and the Ghost's Bargain
- David Copperfield
- Bleak House
- Hard Times: For These Times
- Little Dorrit
- A Tale of Two Cities
- Great Expectations
- Our Mutual Friend
- The Mystery of Edwin Drood


text:
Muḥemmed Buḍyaf
Muḥemmed Buḍyaf, s taɛrabt محمد بوضياف, ilul ass n 23 yunyu 1919 di temnaḍt n Wled Madi deg Lwilaya n Temsilt. asmi yeḥbes ulmud-is deg useggas n 1942, yekcem Yer uxeddim Yer srabes n LeYrama di temnaḍt n Jijel. Syen yekcem Yer ukabar n waYref Azzayri (PPA) anda yuYal d aYalat n tudsa n lbaḍna (OS) di temnaḍt n Qsenṭina deg useggas n 1947.
Di 1950, icuree, anda i ḥekmen fell-as s lḥebs. 3 n yiseggasen mbeed (1953) yunag Yer tmurt n Fransa, syen yekcem Yer ukabar n MTLD. Ur ieeṭṭel ara, ikcem-d Yer tmurt n Lezzayer anda yuYal d imḍebber aelayan n tudsa n C.R.U.A. (Comité Révolutionnaire pour l’Unité et Action), yella daYen ger terbaet n 22 i yessekren tagrawla n tmurt n Lezzayer ass n umenzu n wember 1954. Deg tuber 1956 yettwaṭṭef netta akked yimeddukal-is gar-asen At Ḥmed d wiyiḍ di tmesrifegt i ten-id-yewwin seg tmurt n Lmerruk Yer Tunes. Asmi tefra tegrawla tazzayrit, mass Mohamed Boudiaf islul-d Akabar n Tegrawla tanemlayt (Parti de la Révolution Socialiste).
Deg yunyu 1963 yettwaḥbes s wufus n Ben Bella, eezlen-t Yer unẓul n tmurt n Lezzayer azal n 3 n wagguren, syen iruḥ Yer tmurt n Lmerruk. Aseggas n 1972, yettruḥ yettuYal ger tmurt n Fransa d tmurt n Lmerruk, iqeddec Yef ukabar-is (P.R.S.) am wakken i iqeddec daYen deg yiwet n tesYunt El Djarida, anda yella d imḍebber fell-as. Mbeed tamettant n uselway Azzayri Hewwari Bumedyen deg useggas n1979, yerra talast i ukabar-is P.R.S, yuYal ixeddem i lfayda-s deg lewzin n Lyajur di temnaḍt n Kénitra di Lmerruk. Ass n 14 yennayer 1992, Mohamed Boudiaf yuYal-d Yer tmurt n Lezzayer akken ad yejber iYisi yewten di tmurt, imi lawan-nni yal tazYunt tetteummu di Lezzayer. Imḍebbren n tallit –nni teffeɣ-asen afus, gguman ad d-afen abrid ara yessufɣen ɣer tifrat, imi zzhir yuɣ tuddar d temdinin. DYa Mohamed Boudiaf yellan yettwanfa mi akken tufrar tagut ɣef tmurt imi tiktiwin-is mgaradent aṭas Yef tid n wid yeṭṭfen adabu s yiɣil, yugi leḥkem n leYder, leḥkem n ukabar awḥid, yerra-d i teYri n tmurt-is, yenna dakken talwit d tifrat n tmurt n Lezzayer ad ilint s tugdut. Yewwi-d yid-s amecwar Yezzifen, yebda lebni n tmurt Yef tidet. 166 n wussan kan iruḥ niqal yerra-d asirem i ugdud azzayri, yerra-d ifadden i yimdanen i ifeclen niqal, yerra-d tayri Yer wulawen, yesfeḍ asigna Yef tmurt, maca iedawen n tmurt akked tudert zgan eussen di yal amḍiq di yal lawan. Imi, ass n 29 yunyu 1992 Yef 11h15, tamurt n Lezzayer yeYli-yas ujgu alemmas, yeYli yiwen n urgaz yesean azal, yesrafeg usirem, imi Mohamed Boudiaf nYan-t yemcumen di temdint n Eennaba.


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I imagraden s taynisemt, ẓer Smith
.
Adam Smith
Afelsuf utrim
Adamsan akelsak
{{XVIII}}
beddel
Adam Smith ( - ) d afelsuf dɣa adamsan abriṭani n Tufawin. Yeqqim deg umezruy am baba-s n tussna tudmist tatrart, ayɣef amahil agejdan, Tabaɣurt n iɣlanen, d yiwen n iḍrisen imesbedden n ulellamẓri udmis. Aselmad n tafelsuft tazerfant di tasdawit n Glasgow, yefka-d mraw iseggwasen n tameddurt-is i uḍris agi yehregen idemsanen imeqranen uḍfiren, widak Karl Marx yetsemmi « ikelsaken » dɣa ad ersen imenzayen imeqranen n alellamẓri udmis.
Aṭas n medden ssnen Adam Smith asmi yura yiwen udlis g useggwas n 1776 umi qqaren Wealth of Nations (Ayla n Iɣlanen); d bab n weḍru n tikta n talellamt (libéralisme).
Ayen yura Adam Smith[beddel]
- The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759)
- An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776)


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Takirgizit
Tutlayt takirgizit d nettat ay d tutlayt taɣelnawt n Kirgizistan, yernu ttmeslayen-tt wazal n 2 n yimelyunen n medden, Ikirgizen. Di tmura ay d-iqerben Kirgizistan llan diɣ waṭas n wid ay tt-yettmeslayen. Di lweqt i deg llan 150.000 n medden ay tt-yettmeslayen di Ccinwa, ladɣa di tama tafulmant (autonome) n Sinkiang-Uyiɣur, llant diɣ waṭas n trebbaɛ timecṭaḥ n Yikirgiziyen ay tt-yettmeslayen deg wetram (lɣerb) n Mungulya, di Kazaxestan, di Taǧikistan akk d Uzbikistan. Nezmer diɣ ad naf kra di Afɣanistan, di ṭṭerk akk d Pakistan.
Tawacult-is[beddel]
Takirgizit d yiwet si tutlayin n twacult taṭerkit, dɣa tutlayin ay tt-icuban ṭṭuqqtent u nezmer ad d-nebder gar-asent taṭerkit, tazerit (n Azerbijan), tatatart (n Tatarestan, di Rusya), tawigurt (ay ttmeslayen di Ccinwa), tuzbikit n Uzbikistan akk d waṭas n tiyaḍ, d acu kan, tutlayt i ɣer tettemcabi aṭas, d takazaxit ay ttmeslayen s umata di Kazaxestan. Tawacult n tutlayin tiṭerkiyin d tawacult meqqren i deg llant waṭas n tutlayin n Asya, yernu ttekkant deg-s ula d tutlayt tamungulit, u llan wid ay yesqeben ula d takurit akk d tjapunit ɣer twacut-a.
Tintalyin-is[beddel]
Takirgizit tesɛa snat n tentalyin timeqqranin, tin n ugafa (nord) akk d tin n wenẓul (sud). Takirgizit tizeɣt (standard) d tin ay d-yufraren si tentala n ugafa, yernu llan deg-s waṭas n wawalen ay d-yekkan si tmungulit akk d tkazaxit, di lweqt i deg tantala n wenẓul, ad naf deg-s aṭas n wawalen ay d-yekkan si tuzbikit akk d tutlayin tir'aniyin am tfarsit (perse) akk d ttaǧikit.
Tasɣent (ddur') n tkirgizit di tmetti[beddel]
Xas tesseqdec tutlayt takirgizit agemmay aɛr'ab i tallit ɣezzifen deg umezruy, maca alammi d tallit tasuvyatit ay yettwaxdem leqdic i lmend n ussizeɣ (standardisation) n tutlayt-agi akken ad tuɣal ad tettuseqdac, ɣer tama n trusit, deg uselḥu n lumur' timenṣabin n Tegduda Tasuvyatit n Kirgizistan. Ass-a, takirgizit lemmden-tt warrac alamma d aswir n tesnawit (lycée). Ma di tesdawit, asselmed yettili-d ama s trusit neɣ s tkirgizit, ɣef leḥsab n yinurar n tmusni. Di 1926, ala kan 5% seg yimezdaɣen n Kirgizistan ay yellan ssnen ad ɣren u ad arun di lweqt i deg 67% seg yimezdaɣen n tmurt d wid yettmeslayen takirgizit, ma di 1970, wwḍen wid yessnen ad ɣren ɣer 100%, di lweqt i deg wid yettmeslayen takirgizit neqsen-d ɣer 44% di tallit-nni. Anect-a yeḍra-d imi nnernan yemdanen n yegduden nniḍen ay d-yettasen ɣer Kirgizistan, dɣa nnig n Yirusiyen ay yebdan zeddɣen tamurt-a si lqern wis 19, asmi teɣli s dd! a w n leḥkem arusi, rnan usan-d aṭas n yemdanen nniḍen di tallit tasuvyatit, yernu merr'a igduden-agi d tarusit ay llan sseqdacen-tt wagar-asen. D acu kan, seg wasmi ay tewwi Kirgizistan azarug-is di 1991, ar ass-a, bdan ttanqasen Yirusiyen si Kirgizistan. Mbeɛd ma llan 22% seg yimezdaɣen n Kirgizistan d Irusiyen di 1990, wwḍen di 2001 ɣer 15%, maca tazrirt-nsen (influence) mazal teǧhed, yernu tutlayt-nsen d yiwet si tutlayin iǧehden akk di tmurt.
Uqbel ma teḍra-d Tegrawla Tarusit n 1917, tella tkirgizit ur tesɛi ula d yiwen n weɣmis. Ma di 1983, tuɣal tkirgizit tesɛa 61 n yeɣmisen akk d 16 n tesɣunin, am wakken ay d-ffɣen 513 n yedlisen s tkirgizit deg useggas-nni. Kirgizistan tesɛa diɣ tiregwa n rr'adyu akk d tilibizyu yettmeslayen s tkirgizit.
Amezruy[beddel]
Di lqern wis 8 ay d-tettwabder tkirgizit i tikkelt tamenzut deg umezruy, deg yiwet n tirawt (inscription) yuran s ṭṭerkit taqburt di Asya Talemmast. Di tallit-nni, llan lejdud n Yikirgiziyen ttidiren di tama taɛlayant n wasif n Yenisey, deg ugafa n Mungulya, d yiwet n tama ay d-yuzgan ass-a di Sibirya, yernu tira tiṭerkiyin tiqburin ay d-ufan deg wemkan-nni qqaren-d yimassanen d akken d nitni ay tent-yedǧan.
Asmi ay smeɣren Yimunguliyen amenkud-nsen (Empire) yernu kecmen ɣer waṭas n tmura ay rẓan neɣ rwin-tent, rewlen Yikirgiziyen s anẓul, ɣer tama n yidurar n Tien Shan, d tama i deg d-tuzga ass-a Kirgizistan. D acu kab, ula d tamurt-a ur temniɛɛ ara seg yegduden iṭerkiyen akk d Yimunguliyen ay tt-id-ikecmen acḥal d abrid yernu srewlen aḥric seg Yikirgiziyen ɣer Turkestan (Sinkiang ay teḥkem Ccinwa ass-a). Xas ma yella di tlemmast n lqern wis 18, tella Kirgizistan d aḥric itebɛen s yisem ɣer Ccinwa, maca tamurt-a tella tesɛa tilelli meqqren. Mbeɛd ma tesɛedda Kirgizistan tallit wezzilen s ddaw n leḥkem n yegduden iṭerkiyen n Asya Talemmast, teɣli ger n yifassen n Umenkud Arusi, d ayen ay yeddkan kra n yemsiwlen n tkirgizit ad rewlen ɣer Afɣanistan akk d yidurar n Pamir. Assebded n Tdukli Tasuvyatit yegla-d s ccwal meqqren imi ay refden Yikirgiziyen leslaḥ akken ad nnaɣen ɣef tlelli-nsen, d acu kan, iɣil ay sxedmen Yirusiyen mgal-nsen yessaweḍ aṭas n Yikirgiziyen ad rewlen ɣer Ccinwa. Di 1919, tuɣal Kirgizistan d aḥric si tegduda tanemlayt (socialiste) tasuvyatit n Turkman, sakin, di 1936, tuɣal d tagduda i yiman-is, d yiwet si xmesṭac-nni n tegdudyin n Tdukli Tasuvyatit. Deg wass n 31 ɣect n 1991, tuɣal Kirgizistan d tamurt timziregt, u tuɣal d tamaslaḍt (membre) di Tmetti n Yiwunak Imzirgen (Communauté des Etats Indépendants) ay d-yettusbedden mbeɛd ma teɣli Tdukli Tasuvyatit.
Tamselyut[beddel]
- Di mondeberbere.com Sɣur Omar MOUFFOK


text:
Massinissa
Masensen d agellid ameqqran deg umezruy Amaziɣ azayku. Ilul deg useggas n 238 zdat n tlalit n lmasih, g tgldit n masin.
Tugha t d argaz idusn. Ittmngha khf tmurt nnes ar tingira n tudert nnes. Ittwassn s tnka n iysan d ufrag d tayri n tmazirt nns. Umi yumz tanbaḍt , yufa masinissa kigan n tmnaḍin n tmazirt ns g ifassn n umddurruy n iruminiyn d iqrtajn. Awarin n wattas n imnɣan , ismun timnaḍin ad, ismunt ntn ɣ yat tgldit taxatart. Isɣuda Masinissa tudert n ugdud nns. Isbughla tadamsa n tgldit nns s ussmghr n ufars n imndi d uzatim d idqqi. Issugt inyalkamn imzzizayn akd tmizar yadn. Anaruz n masinissa: tilelli d tamunt n ifriqya n yizzlmd. Llig immut g useggas 148 bra n uzemz n eisa, Isker-as aɣref-is yiwen usemdal ameqqran g tmnadt n yiɣrem n Qsenṭina. Da ttinin ittwassn Masinissa amzwaru s Wawal nns: >


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Awwur:Tafelsuft
Mixayel Aleksandrubičč Bakunin (s trusit Mиxaил AлekcaHдpoBич БakyHиH), imi qqaren tikwalMichel Bakounine, illul ass n 20 neɣ 30 di magu 1814 di Primuxino, di tmurt n Rrus, imut ass amenzu di yulyu ussegwass n 1876 di Bern, tamurt n Sswis d afilusuf awernaḍ (anarchiste). Acḥal d assegwaas d Pierre-Joseph Proudhon illa-d d tala-s n tikta.
Ass-mi idder di Musku d Saint-Petersburg illa issuqul-d imarayen ilamniyen am Hegel d Fichte ar trusit. Di 1842, yusa ar tmurt n Lalman u si imi iwweḍ imlal n ilmeẓyen inelmayen n tmurt n llalmen di Berlin. Syin, idda ar Fransa anda imlal d Proudhon d Ǧurǧ Sand u issen-d daɣen imnejla n tmurt Pulunya. Si Paris, iruḥ ar tmurt n Swiss anda izdaɣ kra iseggassen w anda ikki u igar tamawt ama s tiga am tikti d ṭaqa n imussuten inelmayen.


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Tuǧa
Tuǧa neɣ Toudja d yiwet n temdint d tamecṭuḥt, tezga-d deg twilayt n Bgayet, zedɣen-tt azal n 10.000 n yimezdaɣ. Tamdint-a tezga-d deg umkan ɛlayen (Adrar n Weɣbalu, 1317 M) maca, teqreb ɣer lebḥeṛ am wakken teqreb ɣer Leqṣ̣er akked Bgayet. Imezdaɣ n Tuǧa (Ittuǧen) ttmeslayen yiwet n teqbaylit yettemcabin ɣer tin n Wayt Leqṣ̣er (deg ccerq) akked Wayt Ksila (deg lɣerb), yernu ufiɣ-d deg teqbaylit-nsen aṭas n wawalen ur nessin ara deg tuddar-nneɣ n Tizi Wezzu.
Isem n Tuǧa ad yili yekka-d seg wawal tuga. Tuga d leḥcic ay d-imeɣɣin deg lqaɛea, tetten-t lmal. Qqaren-as yiwen n wanzi : yufa uɣyul amrar, yufa umger tuga. Dɣa nezmer ad as-neqqar tuga i leḥcic. D acu kan, ma tṣ̣eḥḥa tmuɣli-inu deg wayen yerzan isem n temdint-a, nezmer ad nxemmem dakken tuǧa ad yili d talɣa taznatit n tuga. Akken i d-nenna, tintalyin tiznatiyin (am tcawit d temẓabit) ttbeddilen deg-sent kra n yimesliyen (leṣ̣wat), dɣa [g] n teqbaylit yettuɣal d [j] deg tentalyin tiznatiyin, u nezmer ad nxemmem dakken yettuɣal d [ǧ] deg kra n tegnatin. Dɣa yezmer lḥal ad yili yisem n Tuǧa yekka-d seg kra n tentala taznatit taqdimt i iɛeddan ɣef Tmurt n Leqbayel.
Yuɣ lḥal, ɣas ma yella taqbaylit mačči d tantala taznatit, maca nezmer ad naf deg-s kra n wawalen i as-d-yekkan seg tmaziɣt taznatit. ɣef umedya, "iccer", "ticcert" akk d "yiccew" kkan-d merra seg tmaziɣt taznatit. D acu kan, icebba-yi Ṛebbi dakken yewɛer ad nẓer melmi i d-kecmen wawalen-a ɣer teqbaylit. Tiqbilin tiznatiyin llant, deg lasel-nsent, d tiqbilin n yimeksawen ay yebdan la ttinigent deg tagara n tallit n Rruman seg Tunes ɣer lɣerb n Tmazɣa. Tagelda tamaziɣt tamezwarut deg tallit n Lislam d Iznatiyen ay tt-id-yesbedden deg tama n Taheṛt, yernu Imẓubay n Tɣerdayt d arraw n Yiznatiyen-a. Deg Tallit Talemmast, tiqbilin tiznatiyin n lɣerb n Tmazɣa llant la ttnaɣent d teqbilin timaziɣin n ccerq, ladɣa deg tallit n uwanak (ddewla) n Yiḥemmadiyen.
Mebla ccek, aṭas n Yiznatiyen i iɛeddan ɣef Tmurt n Leqbayel u ǧǧan-d deg-s lateṛ deg tutlayt. Ahat isem n Tuǧa d later-nniḍen ay d-ǧǧan Yiznatiyen deg wakal n Tmurt n Leqbayel.
Amezruy[beddel | edit source]
Tarakalt[beddel | edit source]
Tudrin[beddel | edit source]
- Acluf
- Adɣes
- Asumat
- Asun
- At Ismaɛil
- At Ixlef
- At Mesɛud
- At Meɛzuza
- At Reḥmun
- At Uṣalaḥ
- At Yusef
- At Ɛmar
- At Ɛli 1
- At Ɛli 2
- Azwalen
- Bubecca
- Buberka
- Budawed
- Buḥatem
- Ccerfa
- Ddas
- Ibarisen
- Ibelḥaǧen
- Ibeeeucen
- Icc n Tgemmunt
- Iheggaren
- Ifran
- Isbixen
- Ixeṭṭaben
- Ixf Ulma
- Iɣil Muyen
- Iɣil n Sɛid
- Iɣil Ɛlahem
- Iḥamiyen
- Lmaeerbi
- Suq Lǧemɛa
- Tadrart
- Tagemmunt Xelfa
- Tala Hiba
- Tala n Buḥi
- Tala Umalu
- Tardam
- Taɣzuyt n At Ɛetman
- Taɣzuyt n Ddas
- Timanitin
- Timerjin
- Timri Lleḥsen
- Timri n tgarfa
- Tiwririn
- Tiɣremt
- Tiɣẓert
- Tiḥnayin
- Yimlul
- Zizlum
- Ɛṭella
Muqel Daɣen[beddel | edit source]
- ↑ Le maire de Toudja reposte
- ↑ Tuccda n uɣewwar n {{Azday web}} : les paramètres
urlet
azwelsont obligatoires (url : http://www.ons.dz/collections/w06_p2.pdf).. Données du recensement général de la population et de l'habitat de 2008 sur le site de l'ONS.


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Jadu
Jadu d taddart deg Wedrar n Infusen i dren di-s 170.000 yudan (medden).
Dagi i yellan wemkan d alemmas n imaziɣen di Libya Ffɣen seg-s irgazen meqquret am:
- Sliman Abaruni
- Yusef Xerbic
- Saɛid Sifaw Maḥruk
- aked waṭas nniḍen
Tmura n Jadu tusa-d g wammas n Adrar n Yenfusen, d ɣur-es amezruy d ameqran si tisi ammas n tasertit n adrad. Di tagrawla n furar kkren imdanen-ines si imezwaren d fkun ixafuren deffir tilelli. Tagrawla di idemnansen, d tusna di iɣef awnen-nsen. Arannes am izmawen di amennuɣ.
Di-sent n tattawin n waman udjun nnanas ezzerga d tidi nnan-as nanna tala. Tmura n itermisen taqaburt tus-d af iɣef n weẓru ttasunas s allaɣ n ddunit. Jadu di-s Mezzu, Yujlin, Talat n Umiran, Ucbari, Iṭermisen, Jjmmari, Timezɣura, Wifat, Regrag, At Inedbas, Igennawen, Tamezda. Medden n Jadu ɣur-sen azemmur aṭas, tteggun si-s udi am tlussi. D dis trfas. Yella di Jadu tfaska teggun mi d-tettas tafsut, qqaren-as d "Tamɣra n Tilelli".


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Tusnakt
Tusnakt d tussna yimḍanen s umata, tettwa sileɣ s tmusniwin timadwanin (connaissances abstraites) s tallat n izebzan imeẓlan (raisonnements logiques) ɣef tmiḍranin (concepts) am yimḍanen (nombres), tanezgit (géométrie), tiskiwin (structures) neɣ iseɣwal (transformation). Tusnakt tbedd daɣen ɣef taɣult n tegmi (recherche) iy ssendalen (developpe) timusniwin, akk d wayen it sselmad.
Agbur
- 1 Aẓar n wawal
- 2 Amezruy
- 3 Taɣulin n tusnakt (domaines des mathématiques)
- 4 Leqdic n tusnakt
- 5 Assab yellan ger tusnakt d tussniwin nniḍen (les mathématiques et les autres sciences)
- 6 Tusnakt d tesnagayt (mathematic and philosophy)
Aẓar n wawal[beddel | edit source]
Tusnakt d awal id yussan deg sin wawalen ilelliyen tussna d kti (tussna= science, ket = mesurer; tusnakt= science de mesure (mathématiques), tussna n wektay).
Awal n tusnakt d awal amaynu iss nefka deg tmiḍi agi nneɣ, uqbel Imaziɣen neɣ Leqbayel d wid yesseqdacen tu'snakt d acu s tutlayin nniḍen, ama deg tusnakt ama deg tussniwin nniḍen, am augustin
Amezruy[beddel | edit source]
Uqbel ad tili tira nezmer ad nin belli amdan (l'homme) yesseqdac yakan tusnakt. TaYawsa tamezwarut id ibegnen tiwezatin n wesiḍen (compétences de calcul) d'iYes n Ishangoig llan 20000 iseggasen uqbel tallit aki nneY.
tusnakt tzegerd krad (3) imecwaren (étapes) anida tura (amyag aru) tilawt (existence) ines:
1 - taɣerma tagrikit (civilisation grecques)
2 - taɣerma n teneslemt(civilisation islamique)
3 - talalit Turufit ( rennaissance européenne)
4- Timidi (siècle) tis XX (20 s telatinit)
Taɣulin n tusnakt (domaines des mathématiques)[beddel | edit source]
Tusnakt tebḍa ɣef sin(2), krad(3) neɣ uquz (4) yeḥricen imezliyen(différents) i tezga tesseqdac : aljiber(algèbre) d wesebrurez(analyse) neɣ aljiber, asebrurez d tenezgit(géométrie) neɣ daɣen Aljiber, Asebrurez, tanzeggit akk d tadwala (probabilité). Tilissa ger weḥric d wayeḍ ur banent ara akken igerrez, axaṭṭer llan aṭṭas n igemmaḍ ig ssawalen ɣer tewzatin tusnakin(compétences mathématiques) id yussan m yal aḥric. Amaɣil n Wiles(théorème de Wiles) ittwa seɣser deg useggas n 1994, d amedyat anyari(arithmitique) d acu aneggaru-agi issaswal i kra n teɣawsiwin yellan deg iḥricen nniḍen am wesebrurez d tenezgit i wakken ad nbeggen tasenẓayt(démonstration) ines.
Leqdic n tusnakt[beddel | edit source]
Tigmi deg tusnakt[beddel | edit source]
Tigmi tusnikt (recherche mathématique) ur d ḥudd ara kan ɣer tsenẓayt n imaɣilen (démonstrations des théorèmes),
Timeslayin tusnikin[beddel | edit source]
Tusnakt tesseqdac tameslayt ig llan i nettat d tazedgant, uma yella tewwid kra n wawalen am aggay (groupe), tindert (anneau), d acu nbeddel asen anamek nsen i wakken ad begnen i wetta usniken (termes mathématiques), akken daɣen ig lla wassar-nneɣ(notre besoin) i wakken ad nessenfali(exprimer) kra n teɣawsiwin, nesmentil-d (nesnulfay) awalen iɣ iwulmen am ddutugdit (injection), nnigtugdit (surjection) neɣ allustugdit (bejsction), tugett n wawalen usniken rran tusnakt d tagermant (difficile) i wid ur nessin tusnakt.
Tameslayt n tusnakt tesseqdac daɣen Izumal (symboles).
Assab yellan ger tusnakt d tussniwin nniḍen (les mathématiques et les autres sciences)[beddel | edit source]
Tusnakt tesseqdac assaben usligen d tussniwin nniḍen. Asebrurez n yegtilen (analyse de données) yessawal ɣer tewezzatin n tusnakt. Merra tussniwin tiquranin, taragit n yegna ines tessawal ɣer wesebrurez usnik iɣ mellen ugar n yegtilen i mgal tajrut.


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Izem
Izem, s umata, d aɣersiw n twacult n yemcac, d ameqqwṛan yernu yettwaɛqal s umgired i yellan ger uwtem d tewtemt-ines. Awtem n "yizem" yesɛa aheylel (crinière, d awal amaheɣ), d acebbub i s-iɣummen aqerru-is, tamgerḍt-is, idmaren-is akkwed uḥric seg uɛrur-is. Ma d tawtemt n yizem neqqaṛ-as "tasedda", ur tesɛi ara aheylel yernu mecṭuḥet ɣef yizem.
Izmawen ttidiren ass-a deg Tefriqt, maca gwran-d ciṭṭaḥ seg-sen deg Asya, deg yiwet n tama n Lhend. Zik, deg uzarmezruy, llan yizmawen ttidiren ula deg Tuṛuft, aɣeṛsiw-agi yenger deg tmiḍi tis snat seld talalit n Sidna Eisa imi aṭas i yettazzalen deffir-s akken ad t-gemren.
Deg Tefriqt, yella zik yizem yettidir deg yal tama, deg yal tamurt. Ar ass-a mazal yeǧǧa-d isem-is ɣer yal agdud deg umenẓaw-agi. D acu kan, ɣas ma yella izmawen ttbanen-aɣ-d meṛṛa kifkif-iten deg ṣṣifa, maca sɛan aṭas n tdulemsit (sous-espèces) yettemgaraden ciṭ deg ṣṣifa akk d tiddi. Ger tlemsin (leṣnaf) n yizmawen yettidiren deg Tefriqt, nezmer ad d-nebder izem n Tmazɣa (lion de Barbarie, Panthera leo leo). D netta i d izem ameqqwṛan akk yettwassnen, yernu ass-a yenger. Izem n Yimassayen (Panthera leo massaicus, semman-as ɣef yisem n yiwen wegdud n Tefriqt, Imassayen ikessen izgaren), d izem-nni ay yettidiren deg tsabant (savane) n Kenya d Tanzanya, deg Tefriqt tacerqit. Izem-agi meqqer ciṭṭ, yettidir deg uzaɣar anda ay yettṣeggid izgaren d yiɣersiwen niḍen.
Deg Asya, mazal izem la yettidir deg tmurt n Lhend, deg yiwet n tama qqaren-as Gir. Ṣṣenf-agi qqaren-as "izem n Asya" (Panthera leo persica) u qqimen-d kan seg-s 200. ɣas ma yella deg kra n tmura izem ur yettwassen ara neɣ ur t-mazal ara la yettidir dinna, maca medden ssnen-t, yesɛa isem deg tutlayin-nsen yernu yella deg tmucuha-nsen d tẓuryin-nsen.
Deg Tuṛuft, izem yenger azal n 20 leqrun ay-a, maca deg leqrun-agi meṛṛa, kemmlen medden la ttmeslayen fell-as, u mazal aɣersiw-agi yella deg tsugint-nsen.
Deg tmurt-nneɣ, izem mazal yettwassen yisem-is yernu yettwabdar-d ama deg yinzan neɣ deg tmucuha, u d aɣersiw yesɛan azal meqqren ɣer-neɣ imi izem d azamul n tezmert akk d tebɣest (lkuṛaj).
Deg Ccinwa, ɣas ma yella nnan-d werǧin yedder yizem dinna, maca ar ass-a nezmer ad nwali isebdaden n yizmawen deg leqṣur i bnan Yicinwaten n zik. ɣer Yicinwaten, izem yessebɛad yir leṛwaḥ, daɣen sseqdacen asebded-yines akken "ad iḥudd" leqṣur-nsen. Nnig n waya, Icinwaten sɛan awitay i deg ḥessben agguren-nsen d yiseggasen-nsen i yiman-nsen, dɣa yal asseggwas ttaken-as Yicinwaten isem, akken daɣen i yella ɣer-sen "useggas n yizem".
Izem n Tmazɣa yenger aṭas ay-a seg tmura-nneɣ. Izem aneggaru akk ay yettwanɣan deg Ldzayer, nɣan-t deg tgara n lqern wis 19 deg tama n Souk Ahras, deg ccerq n tmurt. Ma izem aneggaru akk n Meṛṛuk, nɣan-t deg 1922. D acu kan, gwran-d kra seg yizmawen n Tmazɣa deg yelmaten n yiɣersiwen (zoos) deg kra n temdinin deg ddunit, am deg Rbaṭ, tamaneɣt n Meṛṛuk. Kra n yemnuda n tesdawit n Oxford, nudan ad d-rren izem n Tmazɣa ɣer yiwen wefrag aɣelnaw (parc national) deg yidurar n Waṭlas ameṛṛuki, maca ɣef wakken ɣriɣ, asenfar-agi (projet) yeḥbes imi tarbaɛt i d-yelhan yid-s xuṣṣen-tt yedrimen.
Tamselyut[beddel | edit source]
- Omar Amastan Mouffok, imedyazen.


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Kebek
Kebek (Tafrensist : Québec, Tanglizt : Quebec) d tamnaḍt n wegmuḍ n Kanada.
Tajumma-nnes 1.667.441 km2 (yikilumitren imkuẓen), zedɣen-tt 8 080 550 n yimezdaɣen (Ikebeken) deg 2012.
Aneɣlaf amezwaru : Philippe Couillard (PLQ)
Tarakalt[beddel | edit source]
Kebek yezga-d gar temnaḍin n Wakal Amaynut ed Labrador akwd Brunswick Amaynut d Ontario, dɣa ɣur-es tilisa akwd Iwunak Yedduklen d yiwunak n New York, New Hampshire ed Maine.
Tutlayin deg Kebek[beddel | edit source]
Amur ameqqran seg yimezdaɣen n temnaḍt-a ssawalen s tefṛensist (79 %) maca llan 7,9 % n wenglizwalen (Anglophones). Tutlayt tunṣibt tella d Tafrensist deg temnaṭ-agi.


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KATA PENGANTAR
P uj i d a n S yu k u r p e n ul i s p anj a t ka n ke h ad ira t T u h an Ya n g Ma ha I - sa ya n g t ela h me li mp a h ka n kar u n ia - N va. se h i n g ga p e n u li s d a p at me n ye le sa i ka n P ro p o sa l T u ga s Ak h ir i ni d e n ga n me n ga mb il J ud u l Mukti Kabupaten Mukomuko " P r o p o sal T u ga s i ni d iaj u ka n s eb a ga i sa la h sa t u s yar at a kad e mi s u n t u k d a p at me n ye l es ai k a n p e nd id i k an P ro gr a m SI J u r us a n T ek ni k Sip il p ad a U ni ve rsi ta s P ro f. Dr . I laz air i n, SI I B e n g k u l u . Dal a m p e n yu s u n a n P ro p o sa l l u ga s Ak h ir i n i p e n u li s te la h b a n ya k me mp er o le h b an t ua n d ar i b er b a ga i p i ha k. Ol e h kar e na it u p ad a ke se mp at a n in i p e n u li s me n g h at ur k a n t er i ma ka si h k ep ad a : 1 . I b u Hl l y T r i P uj ia s t ut i, ST . M I S ela k u De k a n T ek ni k F a k ult a s T ek n i k U n iv er si ta s P r o f. Dr . Haz air i n, SU. B en g k u l u 2. 3. 4. B ap a k I r . Nar li s Na sir, M T . Se la k u P e mb i mb i n g I B ap a k E nd r i Ag u s to mi , S 'W MT . Se la k u P e mb i mb i n g II B ap a k I r . Nar li s Na sir, MT Sel a k u K et u a J u r us a n T e k ni k S ip i l F a k ul ta s T ek ni k U ni ver s ita s P r o f. Dr. Ha zair i n, SH. B e n g k ul u 5. B ap a k d a n I b u Do se n, As is te n, se rta S ta f l a ta U s a ha Fa k u lt a s T ek n i k U n i v ers ita s P r o f. Dr . I la zair i n, SM B en g k u l u 6. Re k a n -r e ka n d a n se mu a p ih a k ya n g te la h me mb a nt u s e hi n g g a t ers el es ai n ya P r o p o sal T u ga s Ak h ir i n i.
44
Perencanaan Perkerasan Jalan Panarik spl Lubuk
s ert a u nt u k me wuj ud k a n e ita .u nd a n g D a sar 1 9 4 5 . l u ga s Ak h ir i n i d ap at b er ma n f aat b a gi p e mb aca s e ka lia n . ap ala g i d i ma s a se ka r a n g i ni s ed a n g g ia t . J ala n mer up a k a n p r as ara na p e n g h ub u n g ya n g sa n ga t p e nt i n g b a gi ke h id up an na s io nal .gi at n ya me la k sa n a ka n p e mb a n g u n a n d is e ga la b id a n g. 1 a t a r B elak a n g J ala n me mp u n ya i ar ti p e nt i n g b a g i p e mb a n g u na n na s io na l. Ag u s t u s 2 0 1 1
P en u li s
[iAli I
PENDAHULUAN
1 .eit a b a n g sa I nd o ne si a ya it u ma s yara k at ad i l ma k mu r ya n g b er la nd as k a n P a n ca si la d an U nd a n g . B erd as ar k an ha l it u p er l u me nd ap a t p rio r it as d a l a m p e mb i n aa n n y a. j al a n me l ip ut i s eg ala b a g ia n j ala n. Ak h ir n ya p e n u li s b er har ap se mo ga P ro p o s al. b ai k d ala m t i n g kat p era wa ta n ma up u n d al a m ti n g ka t p e mb a n g u na n. o ra n g m aup u n he wa n. o le h kar e na i t u b a n ya k se ka li p ad a saa t se kar a n g i n i j al a n -j ala n b ar u ya n g d ib a n g u n d a n j al a n l a ma ya n g d iti n g k at k a n p e mb a n g u n an n ya .P en u li s sa n ga t me n yad ar i b a h wa il mu p e n ge ta h ua n ya n g d i mi li k i t erb at a s. o le h kar e na it u kr it i k d a n sar a n ya n g s il at n ya me mb a n g u n sa n g at p e n u li s h arap ka n se b a ga i b ah a n p e n ye mp ur na a n. 1 . t er ma s u k b a gia n p er le n g kap a n n ya ya n g d ip er u nt u k k a n b a gi l al u l in ta s ke nd ar aa n.
.
B en g k u l u.
. id a. B u mi I nd o n es ia i n i me r u p ak a n sa la h s at u N e gara Ka ya a ka n s u mb er . d a n k ep ad a ta n j ala n t er seb ut . Ar u s la l u li nt a s ya n g se ma k i n l a ma se ma k i n b an ya k j u ml a h n ya. ya n g s ecar a u mu m sa n ga t d ip e n gar u h i o le h k u al ita s b ah a n p e n yu s u n a n n ya . Lap is a n p er mu k a a n d i t u n t ut ma mp u me mb er i ka n p el a ya na n y an g t i n g gi se s ua i d e n ga n fu n g si j al a n. nib er ala m b ai k h as il h uta n .N .J ala n a ka n b er fu n g si d en g a n b a i k ap ab ila j ala n ter s eb ut me mp u n ya i p er le n g k ap a n -p er le n g k a p an u n t u k me n g hi nd ari r in ta n g a n -ri n ta n ga n d ari l al u l i nta s j ala n ya n g a k a n me le wati j ala n t er seb ut . p e rl u d ii mb a n gi d e n g a n p erh at ia n k ua li ta s d ar i p el a ks a naa n va . kar e na lap i sa n p er mu k aa n la n g s u n g b er h ub u n ga n d en g a n l al u li n ta s. si . P ad a saa t p e mb a n g u na n j a la n p erl u me nd ap a t p er ha ti a n k h u s u s ad a la h lap is a n p er m u ka a n. mi s al n ya s us u n a n b ut ir ata u _ ir. b ara n g -b ar a n g t a mb a n g m aup u n h a si l la u t. 'j : ner a laa n h as il p e mb a n g u na n t er uta ma ha s il p ro d u ks i b ai k sa n d an g ma up u n ■ :_ u n d an u nt u k ke la nc ar a n d ar i p e mb a n g u na n d i hid a n g l ai n n ya sa n ga t
2
. ka nd u n g an b a ha n p en g i ka t.
Sp J Lub u k M u kt ij n a ka ma k s ut d a n t uj ua n d al a mp e n u li sa n i ni ad al a h : 1 . ma k a r u mu s a n ma s ala h d al a m p e n u li sa n t u ga s a k h ir i n i ad al a h : B ag ai ma n a c ara me n g h i t u n g p ere nc a naa n p e kera sa n j a la n sec ara p e ne n tr as i ma cad a m.3 . Meto d e AA5 T I 1 0 d a n B i na Mar g a 3 .Me mb a n t u p er ke mb a n g an i l mu p e n ge ta h ua n d a n te k no lo g i u n t u k ma s yara ka t v a n g ak a n d a ta n g d a n j u ga me mb e ri g a mb ara n d al a m p ela k sa n aa n p er k era sa n j ala n. Lo k as i ya n g d i g u n a ka n seb a g ai b a h a n p e nel it i an p ad a J al a n P en ari k SP 1 Lub u k M u kt i Kab up a te n M u ko mu k o . p er l u k a n se ka li tr a ns p o rta si ya n g la nc ar g u na u nt u k p e n ga n g k u ta n b ara n g v. Lo k as i p e nel it ia n J ala n P enar i k . M e m b eri ka n ga mb ar a n se r ta u rai a n m en g e nai ta ta cara p el a k s an aa n p e r kera sa n j ala n d en g a n si s ti m Lap i sa n P a ne nt ra si Ma cad a m ( Lap e n ) 2 . P er en ca na a n p er k era sa n j ala n si st i m Lap i sa n p e n en tra si Ma cad a m ( Lap e n ) 2 . B a t a sa n M a sa la h P ad a P r o p o sa l l u ga s Ak hi r i n i d ib at as i p ad a ma s ala h seb a ga i b er i k ut : 1 .
1 . Meto d e ya n g d i g u na ka n p ad a p er e nca n aa n p e ke ras a n j al a n ad a la h meto d e AAST H O d a n B i na Mar ga 3 .SP l Lu b u k M u k t i K ab up a te n M u ko mu k o d an b ah a n p e ne li ti a n p ad a k o nt r u ks i j al a n s ert a ha s il p e n i naj a ua n la n g s u n g ke lo k a si
1 . M a ks ut da n T uj ua n Se s ua i j ud u l t u g a s a k hi r i ni ya i t u P ere n ca na a n P erk era sa n J ala n P e n ari k . D a mp a k
r an sp o r ta si ya n g tid a k l an car ma ka p e me rat aa n h as il p e mb a n g u na n tid ak b i sa d ih ar ap k a n seb a ga i ma n a mes ti n ya . 2 .r a n g ter sb u t ke te m p at -t e mp a t ya n g sa n ga t me mb ut u h k a n n ya.4 ..
2 Ru mu s a n M a sa la h Se s ua i d e n ga n j ud u l P ro p o sal l u ga s Ak h ir i ni ya i t u P ere n ca na a n
P er ke r a sa n J a la n P e nar i k SP 1 Lub u k M u k ti Kab u p ate n M u ko mu k o .
.
B a b I V Pe mb a ha sa n P ere nca na a n Per ke ra sa n J a la n Me mb a h as te n ta n g p er hi tu n g a n ya n g me n ya n g k u t p ad a p o ko k ma sa la h ya it u te n ta n g p er e nc a na an p er ker as a n j al a n B a b V K e s i mp u la n da n Sa r a n Me n g ur a i ka n b erd a sar ka n ur aia n p ad a p e nj ela sa n d a n p e n ul i sa n P r o p o sal T u ga s Ak h ir i n i.
B a b II T i nj a ua n P u sta ka Me n g ur a i ka n fu n g si j ala n. P ara me ter ya n g d ib ut u h ka n p ad a p ere nc a na a n me n g g u n a ka n me to d a A AS I IT O" 9 3 i ni a n tara lai n ad a la h : a. M eto d a i n i s ud a h d ip a k ai s ecara u mu m d i se l ur u h d u ni a u n t u k p ere n ca na a n ser ta d i ad o p si seb a gai s t and ar p er e nca n aa n d i b erb a g ai ne g ara. B a b I i I M eto d e Pen el itia n Me n g ur a i ka n ma s al a h m eto d e . BAB II TINJA I AN PUSTAKA
2 . S ist e ma t i ka Pe n ul i sa n P en u li sa n P r o p o sa l l u ga s Ak h ir i ni t erd ir i d ar i li ma B ab ya n g ma s i n g .1 M et o d e A A S TI IO 2 . Me to d a AAS HT O H )3 i ni p ad a d a sar n ya a d ala h me to d a p er e nc a naa n ya n g d id a sar ka n p ad a me t o d a e mp ir i s.me to d e ya n g d ip a ka i u nt u k p ere n ca na a n p er k er a sa n j a la n. me ng u ra i ka n : Latar B el a ka n g ma k s ud d an t uj u a n. Lal u li n ta s c. Re li ab i li t y
.1 M et o de A AS H TO ' 9 3 Sal a h sa t u me to d a p er e nc a naa n u n t u k teb a l p e rke ra sa n j al a n ya n g ser i n g d i g u na k a n ad a la h me to d a AAS IIT O *9 3 . Str u ct ur a l N u mb er (S N) b . j e ni s ko ns tr u k si p er k e ras a n d a n p ere nc a naa n j ala n.ma si n g B ab d iu r ai k a n seb a g ai b eri k u t :
B a b I Pe n da h u lua n.5 .1 . b a ta sa n ma s ala h d a n si st e ma ti ka n p en u li sa n .
b ah wa ti n g k at p and a n ga n p a ra in i me mb er i ka n terc ap ai hi n g ga
. T i n g ka ta n reliability i n i ya n g d ig u n a ka n ter ga n t u n g p a d a vo l u me lal u li n ta s...... 1 ) II 2 2 2 3 3 3 Di ma n a : SN = ni la i Str uc t ura l N u mb e r. .. ser ta fa kto r b a n g ki ta n l a ki li n ta s (growth factor). 1 6 kN d a n me mp er ti mb an g k a n u mu r re nc a na...
ko e f i sie n r el at i f lap i sa n {layer coefficients)..1 ..d .
.... Ser \ i ceab li t y
Z . a. Re li ab i li t y d id e fi n is i ka n seb a gai ke mu n g k i n a n p ela ya n a n d ap at ter cap a i p ad a ti n g k at a n t erte n t u d ari si s i p en g g u n a j ala n s ep a n j a n g u mu r ya n g d ire nc a na k an. kl as i fi k a si j al an ya n g a ka n d ire nc a na k an ma u p u n ek sp e ta si d ar i p e n g g u na j ala n.ma si n g lap i sa n ..... (P ers...... d a n ko e fi sie n d r ai n as e (drainage
coefficients). ko e f i sie n d rai n ase ma si n g .ma si n g lap is an. = tebal masing-masing lapisan perkerasan. (T SA)... H al i mp l i ka si b a h wa r ep e ti s i b eb a n ya n g d ire n ca na k a n d ap at me n cap a i ti n g ka ta n p el a ya n a n t ert e nt u.... a ........ D. . fa k to r d is trib u s i l aj ur.. a ^.. D2.alt er na ti f b erb ag ai p ere n ca na a n.......
in m^ m....4 Re lia b ili t y Ko ns ep reliability u nt u k p ere nca n aa n p er ker as a n d id a sar ka n p ad a b eb er ap a ke tid a kte n t ua n ( uncertainties) d a la m p ro se s p ere nc aaa n u nt u k me ya k i n k a n
alt er na ti f . ko e fi s ie n r ela ti f ma si n g . P er sa ma a n u nt u k S tr uc t ura l N u mb er ad ala h s eb a ga i b er i k ut :
SN .
D . v o lu me l al u li nt a s... 1 a kto r li n g k u n g a n e...2 St ru ct u ra l Nu mb e r
Structural Number (SN) me r up a ka n fu n g s i d a ri ket eb a la n l ap i sa n. P er h it u n ga n u n t u k (T S A in i d id a s ar ka n p ad a ko n v ers i la l u li n ta s ya n g le wa t ter had ap b eb a n g a nd ar st a nd ar 8 ...3 La lu Li nt a s P r o sed ur p ere nc a naa n u nt u k p ara met er lal u li nt a s d id as ar ka n p ad a k u mu l at i f b eb a n ga nd ar st a nd ar e k i va le n ( Cumulative Equivalent Standard Axle.a I ) + a D m + a i) m ...
H al p er ta ma ya n g h ar u s d ila k u k a n ad al a h me ne n t u ka n kla s i fi k as i d a r i r ua s j a la n ya n g a ka n d ir e nca n a ka n . Kla s i fi k as i i n i me nc a k up ap a ka h j ala n ter seb u t ad a la h j ala n d a la m ko ta (urban) ata u j a la n a n tar ko ta (rural). Sec ar a g ar i s b e sar p en g ap l i ka si a n d ar i ko n s ep reliability ad al a h seb a g ai b eri k u t: a.ko nd is i lo k al d ari r u as j ala n ya n g d ir e nc a na ka n ser ta t ip e p erk era sa n a n tar a la i n p erk era sa n l e nt ur a ta up u n p erke ra sa n ka k u .
.P en gap li k as ia n d ari ko n sep reliability i ni d ib er i k an j u ga d al a m p ar a me te r st a nd ar d e v ia si ya n g me mp r es e nta s i ka n ko nd is i .
S e ma k i n t i n g gi t i n g kat reliability ya n g d ip il i h.2 5 u n t u k ri gid d a n 0 . 4 5 u n t u k l al u li n ta s u n t u k j e ni s p er k er a sa n r i gid d a n fle xib le. p ro b a b ili ta s s we l l. P e n g ar u h j a n g ka p a nj a n g d ari te mp er at ur d a n kel e mb a b an p ad a p en ur u n a n serviceability b el u m d ip er ti mb a n g ka n. Ni lai i n i me wa k i li d ari ko nd i si . ma k a p e n ur u na n serviceability d ip e r hi t u n g ka n s el a ma ma sa a n al is i s ya n g ke mu d ia n b er p e n gar u h p ad a u mu r ren ca na p er ker as a n.2 Fa kt o r Li ng ku ng a n P er sa ma a n -p er s a maa n y an g d i g u n a ka n u n t u k p ere nca n aa n AASI I T O d id a sar ka n ata s h as il p e n g uj ia n d a n p e n ga ma t a n p ad a j ala n p erco b a a n s el a ma l eb i h k ur a n g 2 ta h u n. B erd a sar ka n d at a d ar i j al a n p er co b aa n AAS I I I O d it e nt u k an ni lai So s eb e sar 0 . U nt u k serviceability i ni p ar a me ter uta ma ya n g d i p erti mb a n g ka n ad a la h ni lai Present Serviceability Index (P S I ) .3 5 d a n 0 . Sat u ha l ya n g me nar i k d ari fa kto r li n g k u n ga n i ni ad a la h p e n gar u h d ari ko nd i si s we l l d a n frost heave d ip erti m bangkan. Sa t u ni la i st a n d ar d e via s i ( So ) h ar us d ip il i h. Nil ai se r vic eab ili t y i ni me r up a ka n n il ai ya n g m enj ad i p e ne n t u t i n g ka t p ela ya n a n f u n g sio n al d ar i s u at u si s te m p e r kera sa n j ala n. c.
2 . T ent u k a n ti n g ka t r el ia b ili t y ya n g d ib u t u h ka n d en g a n me n g g u n a ka n tab e l ya n g ad a
p ad a me to d a p er e nca n aa n AASII K)~9 3 . ma k a a ka n se m ak i n teb al l ap i sa n p er k e ras a n ya n g d ib ut u h k a n. Me t o d a d a n t at a ca ra p er hi t u n ga n p en ur u n a n ser v ice ab i li t y i ni d i mu a t p ad a Ap p e nd ix G d ari meto d a AAS H T CT 9 3 . S e cara n u me r i k serviceability i ni me r up a ka n fu n g s i d ar i b eb erap a p ara me t er a n tar a la i n ke tid a k sa ma n ya ko nd i s i ta na h d i lo ka si ter seb u t d ll.
2 3 Se rv ic ea b il it y
Serviceability mer up a k a n ti n g ka t p e la ya n a n ya n g d ib er i ka n o le h si s te m
p er k er a sa n ya n g ke mu d i an d i ra sa ka n o l e h p e n g g u na j al a n. P en ur u na n serviceability a kib at roadbed swelling ter g a nt u n g j u g a p ad a ko n st a nta s we ll.7
h.k o nd is i lo k al ya n g ad a.
. d ll. Hal in i b er h u b u n g a n d en g a n to ta l sta nd ar d e v ia si seb es ar 0 .3 5 u nt u k flexible pavemeni.
P t T er mi nal s er vi ceab il i t y. P o I ni ti al se r vic eab il it y. Mr Mo d u l us r e si li c n (p s i) . ma k a n ila i serviceability i ni a ka n d ib er i ka n se b esa r 1 .5 . b eb a n a kt u al ya n g l e wa t.2 . U n t u k p er k era sa n ya n g har u s d ila k u k a n p erb a i ka n p ela ya n a n n ya.
AAS HT CT 8 6 .
R
So = Co mb i ned s ta nd ard erro r d ar i p red i k si la l u li nt a s d a n k i nerj a. ki g a i b er i k ut : le nt u k a n lal u l i nta s re nc an a ya n g a ka n d i a ko mo d as i d i d a la m p ere n ca na a n teb al p er k er a sa n.5 I a n i ka h La ng ka h Pere nca na a n D eng a n l Yleto da AA SH K ) H ) 3 l a n g k a h -l a n g ka h p ere n c an aa n d e n ga n me to d a AAS1 IT () H )3 ad a la h .8 Nil ai serviceability i n i d ib eri ka n d al a m b eb erap a ti n g ka ta n a nta ra lai n : a.0 4 . Z = S ta nd ard No r ma l D e via te. N il a i i ni d ala m t er mi no lo gi p erk era sa n d ib er i k a n seb a g ai n il ai terminal serviceability (P t).0 . .
Per sa ma a n AA SH T C T9 3 Dar i h as il p e rco b aa n j a la n AAS I 1 0 u n t u k b erb a g ai mac a m var ia si ko nd is i d an j e ni s p er k er a sa n. U nt u k p er ker a sa n ya n g b aru d ib u ka (open t r a f f i c ) nila i serviceability i ni d ib eri k a n seb e s ar 4 . N il ai i ni d ala m ter mi n o lo g i p er k era sa n d ib eri ka n s eb a ga i ni la i initial
serviceability ( P o ) . Da sar p e re nca n aa n me to d a d ari terb ar u me to d a saa t AAS HT O se k ar an g b ai k yai t u
AAS HT CT 7 2 . Nil ai i ni d ib e r i ka n d al a m ter mi n o lo g i failure serviceability (P f). Lal u li n ta s ren ca na i ni j u ml a h n ya t erg a nt u n g d ari ko mp o s i si la l u li nt a s. b .
ma up u n
AAS HT O * 9 3 ad al a h p er sa ma a n sep e rt i ya n g d ib eri ka n d ib a wa h i ni : Di ma n a: W = K u mu l at i f b eb a n ga nd ar s ta nd ar s ela ma u mu r p ere nca n aa n ( CE S A).
ni la i serviceability i ni d ib eri ka n seb e sar 2 . SN = Str uc t ur a l N u mb er . U n t u k p er k era sa n ya n g s ud a h r u sa k d a n t id a k b i sa d ile wa t i. vo l u me l al u l i nt as ya n g le wa t. Se mu a p ar a met er
. ma ka d i s u s u n la h me to d a p e ren ca na a n AAS HO ya n g ke mu d ia n b er ub a h me nj ad i AAS HT O. e. sert a fa kt o r b an g k it a n lal u l i nt as se rta j u ml a h laj ur ya n g d ire nc a na ka n. P f f ail u r e ser v ice ab i li t y .
..... (3 )
i ) i ma na :
( B R n ila i ( B R rep r es e n tat i f (%) ...... U nt u k s at u r ua s j ala n ya n g p a nj a n g b ia sa n ya d ib a gi ata s se g me n . i mo d ul u s ela st i si ta s t a na h d as ar ( p si) ... .ma s i n g b e sar a n i ni ni la i n ya t er ga n t u n g d ar i kla s i fi k as i j ala n ya n g a ka n d ire nc a na ka n a n tara l ai n urban road. Set el a h it u te n t u k a n reliability d a n standard normal deviate.. P t.
Hit u n g CB R d ar i ta n a h d asa r ya n g me wa k i li u nt u k r ua s j ala n i ni... Me n g g u na ka n d a ta la lu l i nt as ...se g me n ya n g me mp u n ya i n il ai CB R ya n g r ela ti f sa ma ....ma s i n g t ip e b a h an p er kera s a n me mp u n y ai ko e fis ie n la yer ya n g b erb ed a..
.. d ll. La n g ka h se la nj ut n ya ad ala h me ne n t u ka n b a ha n p e mb e n t u k l ap i sa n p er ker a sa n.............. Ma si n g .. P ene n t ua n ko e fi s ie n la y er i n i d id a sar k a n p ad a b eb erap a h ub u n ga n ya n g te la h d ib er i k a n o l e h AAS HT C T 9 3 ..... Ke mu d i a n te n t u ka n b e s a ran .... d an fa il u r e Serviceability Ind e x (P I). mo d u l us e la st is it as t a na h d as ar se rta
b esa r a n -b e sar a n fu n g sio na l P o ...b e sara n fu n g s io nal d ari s i st e m p er ker as a n j al an > a n g ad a sep er t i I n it ia l P re s e n t Serviceability Index (P o ).... CB R representatif d ar i s uat u r u as j a la n ya n g d ir e nca n a ka n i ni t er ga nt u n g d ari k la si fi ka si j a l an ya n g d ir e nc a na ka n.. P e n ga mb i la n d ari d a ta CB R u n t u k p er e n ca na a n j a la n b ia sa n ya d ia mb i l p ad a j ara k 1 0 0 m eter. T er mi n al Serviceability I n d ex (P t).9 ter seb ut a ka n d i ko n v ers i ka n me nj ad i k u mu l at i f b eb a n g a nd ar st a nd ar e k i va le n i
Cumulative Equivalent Standard Axle..gr a f i k va n g t ers ed ia a ta u j u ga b is a m en g g u n a ka n r u mu s AA SHT O ' 9 3 >ep er ti ya n g d ib eri ka n p ad a P er sa ma a n 2 d iat a s. C ESA).. country road... d a n P f ser ta reli ab i li t y d a n s ta nd ard no r ma l d ev ia te ke mu d ia n b i sa d ih it u n g
Structural Number ya n g d ib ut u h k a n u nt u k
P er hi t u n ga n ini b i sa me n g g u na k a n
me n g a ko mo d a s i
lal u
l in ta s
re nc a na..... . Da ri n ila i CB R r ep r e se n tat i f i ni ke mu d ia n d ip r ed i k si m o d u l us e la st is it as t a na h d a sar d en g a n me n g a mb i l p er sa ma a n seb a g ai b eri k u t: 1 5 0 0 CB R (p si ) ......... M as i n g . Ked u a b e sa ran i n i d ite n t u ka n b erd a sar ka n b eb erap a a s u ms i a n tar a lai n tip e p er k era sa n d an j u ga kl a si f i ka si j a la n...
gr a f i k ......
ma s i n g d e n ga n me n g g u n a ka n h ub u n ga n ya n g d ib eri k a n p ad a P er sa ma a n 1 d iat as d e n ga n me n g a mb i l ko e fi sie n d ra i na se ter t en t u ya n g d id a sar ka n p a d a t ip e p en g al ir a n ya n g ad a . e m b er i ka n r e ko me nd as i u n t u k me mer i ks a ke ma mp u an ma si n g . Ke mu d i a n d id ap a t teb a l ma si n g . Me to d a AAS HT O '9 3 y.Me n g g u na ka n
k eo fi si e n
l a yer
ya n g ad a
k e mu d ia n d i h it u n g
teb a l
lap i sa n
ma s i n g .ma s i n g
.ma s i n g lap is a n .
6 .1 La l ul inta s Re nca na 1 . Lap i s p o nd a si b erb u lir t erd iri d ari Lap i s P o nd a s i Ata s d e n ga n CB R 9 0 % d an Mo d u l u s E la st is it a s 2 0 0 Mp a (d ari h ub u n g a n C B R d a n mo d ul u s d i b u k u AAS HT CT 9 3 ) d a n la ye r co e ffi cie n t 0 . M et o de B ina M a rg a U nt u k p er ker as a n le n t ur d ig u n a ka n me to d a B i na Mar ga.
.5 0 0 MP a d a n la ye r co e ffici e nt a = 0 .0 0 0 MP a d an la yer co e ffic ie nt a = 0 . me to d a ya n g d ig u n a ka n ad a la h " Metoda Analisa Komponen" SKB L2 . h al i ni me mb eri k a n ni la i Zr = -1 . d . b .4 5 e. T ana h d a sa r d e n ga n CB R seb es ar 6 % d a n Mo d ul u s E la st i sit a s 6 0 MP a . 2 .4 0 .0 c.3 . P ers e nta se Ke nd ara a n p ad a Laj ur R e nca n a.0 b .2 6 .1 9 8 7 / S NI 0 3 1 7 3 2 -1 9 8 9 . Re li ab i li t y = 9 5 %. c.3 0 . Lap i s p o nd a si b era sp a l terd ir i d ar i AC B as e d en g a n Mo d u l us Ela s ti si ta s 1 . j u ml a h laj u r b erd a s ar ka n l eb ar j al a n. Sta n d ar d De vi at e ( So ) = 0 . 1 9 8 7
.6 4 5 U nt u k b a ha n p e mb e nt u k p er kera sa n d i g u na k a n s eb a gai b er i k ut : a.lu
lap i sa n u nt u k me n a ha n b eb a n ya n g le wat me n g g u na k a n p ro sed u r sep ert i y an g d ib er i k a n p ad a l a n g ka h b eri k ut i n i: Sed a n g k a n u n t u k meto d a p er h it u n g a n ya n g d i g u na k a n ad al a h me to d a AAS HT O '9 3 d e n ga n me n ga mb il p ara met er -p ar a me ter s eb a ga i b er i k ut : a. I n it ial P r es e nt Ser v ic eab ili t y I nd e x (P o ) = 4 .5 d . T er mi n al Ser v ic eab i li t y Ind e x (P t) = 1 . Lap i sa n a u s terd iri d ar i AC W C d e n ga n Mo d u l us El as ti s ita s 2 .1 3 .6 . S u mb er : B i n a M ar ga. Fai l ur e S er vic eab il it y I n d ex (P f) = 2 . J al ur R e nca na (J R ) me r up a ka n j al ur la l ul i nt as d ar i s ua t u r u as j ala n r a ya ya n g terd i ri d ari s sa t u l aj ur ata u leb i h.
ra ta = Ko e fi si e n d i st rib u si k end araa n .6 . tr ai ler . p i c k up .
2 . mo b il ha n tar a n * * ) B era t to ta l > 5 to n . Li n ta s E k i val e n Ak h i r ( LE A) ii (3 .1 1 d en g a n: J en is ke nd ar aa n n T ah u n p e n ga mat a n
LI I R La l u l i nt as har ia n rata r at a P erke mb a n ga n la l u l i nt a s
. S u mb er B i na M arg a. . tr u k . 1 9 8 7 * ) B era t to ta l < 5 to n . se mi tra iler . mi s al n ya : mo b il p e n u mp an g .6 )
lR
ITA = 1 L L H R J ( 1 ' i ) x C . x E . mi sal n ya : b us .5 )
De n ga n : j n LU R Cj E j = J e ni s ke nd araa n = T ah u n p e n ga ma ta n = La l u l i nt as Har ia n R at a .
b . tr ak to r.2 Per h it u ng a n La l u li nta s a Li n ta s E k i va le n P er mu laa n LEP )
n
LEP = S L H R J X C J X E
(3 .d a n = An g ka e ki v ale n ( E ) b eb a n s u mb u ke nd araa n .12 Sed a n g k a n ko e fi sie n d i s trib u si k e nd ar aa n p ad a l aj ur j al a n d e n g a n t yp e ke nd araa n b erd a sar k a n b erat n ya .
.. (3 ................ Li n ta s E k i val e n Re nc an a LE R = LET x F P .8 ) FP = UR 1 0 F P = fa kto r p e n ye s ua ia n IJ R = u mu r re n ca na ...Lub u k M u kt i d i ke c a mat a n P enar i k Kab up a te n M u k o mu ko ya i t u sel a ma 5 b ul a n....1 O v se rv a s i La ng s u ng Dat a ya n g d i d ap at la n g s u n g d ar i s ub ye k ya i t u d ata d ari k a nto r d in a s p e ker j aa n u mu m K ab up ate n M u ko mu k o d a n P e n ul is me la k u k a n s t ud i
. .. (3 ...( LEP + L E A ) ... yai t u : 3 ... . Ad a d ua mac a m t e k ni k p e n g mp u la n d a ta ya n g d ig u n a ka n...... ma ka p e n u li s me la k u k a n p e n g u mp u la n d ata ya n g b e r kai ta n d e n ga n kaj ia n p e n g g u naa n m ater ia l u nt u k p er ke r a sa n j al a n r a ya...........
c.13 UR = U mu r re n ca na Cj = Ko e f is ie n d i str ib us i ke nd ar aa n...... Li n ta E ki va le n T e n ga h ( LET ) LET ...l ........... (t ah u n) B AB I I I M ETO DO LO G I P E NE L I TI AN
W a kt u Pe la ksa na a n T ug a s A kh ir Ad ap u n wa k t u ya n g p erl u ka n u nt u k me n g erj a ka n T u ga s AK hir d e n g a n j ud ul P er e nca n aa n P er k era sa n J a la n P e nari k SP ..........2 .......
3 2 T e kni k Pe ng u mp u l a n Da ta Dal a m me n u nj a n g p el a k sa na a n kaj i a n ya n g b ai k...d a n Ej = An g ka e ki v ale n ( E ) b eb a n s u mb u k e nd ara an.7 )
2
d en g a n: LET : Li nt as E ki va le n T e n ga h LEP : Li nta s E k i va l en P er mu k aa n LE A : Li n ta s Ek i va le n Ak h ir
d ...........
J e n i s j eni s d ata ter s eb ut b er up a : E Da ta P ri mer Mel a k u ka n s ur ve lap a n g an d i lo ka si ter seb u t d a n me n ga ma ti ma tria l ap a ya n g a ka n d ib ut u h d ala m p ere n ca na a n p er ke ras a n te rs eb ut.d ata -d ata ya n g b er h ub u n ga n la n g s u n g d e n ga n ko nd i s i d i lap a n ga n. 2 .
. Da ta Se ku n der Me ni nj a u p r at ur a n -p ra t u ran at a u stad art ya n g b e rla k u p ad a ma ter ia l ya n g a ka n d i g u na ka n p a d a p e r ker as a n j al a n ra ya .
Dir e k to r a t J e nd er al B i n a Ma r ga Dep ar te me n P ek erj aa n U mu m.14 3 . J a ka r ta. 1 9 8 7 .
Ya ya sa n B ad a n P e n erb i t P ek erj aa n U mu m.
. 1 .2 O v s erv a si t a k la n g su ng U nt u k me le n g k ap i d a ta -d a ta ter seb u t d ia ta s. Petunjuk
Pelaksanaan Lapis Aspal Beton untuk Jalan. J a k arta .2 . Petunjuk
Perencanaan Tebal Perkerasan Lentur Jalan Raya dengan Analisa Komponen. Ya ya sa n B ad a n P e nerb it P e k erj aan
U mu m.0 1 /P D /B /1 9 8 3 . 1 9 8 7 .
J M et o de A na l i sa K o mpo n en B i na M a rg a SK B I 1 9 8 7 Meto d e An al i sa Ko mp o ne n B i na M ar ga S KB I d ik el u ar ka n o le h B i na Mar ga ya n g mer up a ka n meto d e ya n g b er s u mb e r d ari me to d e AAS HT O ' 7 2 d a n d i mo d i f i ka si se s u ai d en g a n ko nd i si j ala n di i nd o ne s ia dan me rup a k a n
p en ye mp ur n a a n d ar i b u k u P ed o ma n P e ne nt u a n T eb al P er kera sa n Le nt ur J a la n Ra ya No . P ro sed ur P e re nc a naa n P r o sed ur p e r e nc a naa n M eto d e An a li sa Ko mp o ne n B i na Mar ga S KB I 1 9 8 7 d ig a mb ar k a n p ad a b a ga n ali r b e r i k ut :
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
D n e kto r at J e nd er al B i na Mar ga Dep ar te me n P ekerj a a n U mu m. p en u li s me la k u k a n st ud i p us ta k a ( Librarian Research) ya n g b er h ub u n ga n d e n ga n p e mi l u h a n d an p en g g u n aa n ma te ria l p a d a p er ker as a n j al a n ra ya .
. J a kar t a.
Dir e k to r a t J e nd er a l B i n a Mar ga D ep ar te me n P ek erj aa n U mu m. 1 9 7 9 . Yaya sa n B ad a n P e n erb i t P e kerj a a n U mu m.
Dir e k to r a t J e nd er a l B i na M ar ga Dep arte me n P ekerj a a n U mu m. Panduan
Pengujian Kepadatan Ringan Untuk Tanah. Ya ya s a n B ad a n P en er b i t P eker j a a n U mu m. Metode
Pengajian Kelekatan Agregat Terhadap Aspal Ya ya sa n B ad a n P e nerb it P e k erj aa n
U mu m.Dir e k to r a t J e nd er a l B i n a Mar ga D ep ar te me n P ek erj aa n U mu m. 1 9 8 7 .
-e v io r a t J e nd er a l B i na Mar g a Dep a rte me n P ek erj aa n U mu m. 1 9 8 7 . 1 9 8 7 . Ir. J a k ar ta . Konstruksi Jalan Raya. J a kar t a. Ya ya sa n B ad a n P e nerb it P ekerj a a n U mu m. 1 9 9 0 .
Dir e k to r a t J e nd er a l B i n a M ar ga Dep art e me n P e k erj aa n U mu m. Panduan
Pengujian CBR Lapangan. Teknologi
Campuran Perkerasan Campuran Beraspal untuk Jalan. 1 9 9 0 . J a kar ta. Metode
Pengujian Kadar Aspal.
J \<o U n t u n g So ed ar so no . J a kar t a. Ya ya sa n B ad a n P en erb i t P e kerj aa n
U mu m. J a k arta . Ya ya sa n B ad a n P e ne rb i t
P eker j a a n U mu m.


text:
2eq11
nouveauté 2009 de hamid matoub "way way lkvayel"
mohamed allaoua/farid gaya/massa bouchafa/moh amichi/moumouh/ait hamid/said youcef/mourad naar/tahar maibeche djilali hamama mahlouf/alilou/dahak/lyes/hacene adnani/mourad guerbas/kamel chenane/celina/oujrih/agraw/takfarinas/matoub lounes/ferhat imazighen imula/oul lahlou/idir/kamel hamadi lani rabah/djurdura/sofiane/yal/ait menguellet/slimane azem/hamidouche/cherifa/ali amrane//amour abdenour/hassiba amrouche/taoues/afous/mbs/talweg/cheik hasnaoui/brahim izri/amirouche/ideflawen/zimu mourad/madjid soula/zahir abjaoui/el anka cherif kheddam/ djamel allam/iguercha/hacene ahres/yelas 3k/ixulaf/amazigh/dinna yenni zidane/ sinik/kenza farah/cheb khaled hasni cheb mami/faudel cheb bilal nasro/cheba zahouania/beur fm/urban rai orient maghreb/massi amar chaoui guem kabyle souad massi sheryfa luna/ gouraya/paysage
Signaler la vidéo
fusion
, algerie
, kabyle
, tizi
, ouzou
, bougie
, gnawa
, kabylie
, poete
, tamazgha
, berbere
, imazighen
, amazigh
, chaabi
, bejaia
, yal
, akbou
, azazga


text:
Kabul
Kabul d tamaneɣt n Afɣanistan, tezga-d deg ugafa-agmuḍan (nord-est) n tmurt. Zedɣen-tt 2.850.000 n yimezdaɣen. Deg useggas n 1774 ay teqqel temdint-a d tamaneɣt n tmurt. Ass-a, Kabul d nettat ay d ammas n tdamsa, n tnezzut (ttjaṛa) akked yedles n Afɣanistan, yerna ɛlayet 1800 n lmitrat. Aṭas n yimenɣiyen ed yemgura (ṭṭradat) ay yekkan ɣef Kabul deg lqern wis 19 ed wis 20. Deg yiseggasen n 1980, asmi ay tt-ṭṭfen Yisuvyatiyen, akked yiseggasen n 1990, asmi ay yenker wemgaru gar Wafɣanen, aṭas n yimukan ay ihudden seg temdint-a.


text:
Accueil > Kabylophonie > Grammaire: les adverbes de lieu
Grammaire: les adverbes de lieu
dimanche 29 juillet 2012, par
Grammaire: les adverbes de lieu
Interrogation principaux:
Les autres adverbes
Un petit exercice:
Formez une phrase avec chacun des ces adverbes ci-dessus:
1. adverbes de lieu.
2. Les interrogations.
3. Les autres adverbes.
Wagi d awal-iw:
Win i yḥemlen taqvaylit ad yissin tira-s, a tt-yelmed netta ak ttarwa-s. A tt-yemmeslay di berra neɣ zdaxel i twacult-is, i waɛraven (fehmen neɣ qimen), gar ifrasisen, icinwayen, igliziyen, atg... . Ad izeggwir tutlayt taqvaylit qbel "tagnawit n ubrid", tina n tmanaɣt, acku tagnwit-agi tga am affar* icebbken akal ddaw n tmurt; ma yuɣ, i tteg izuran s lqewwa. Ma tufa-yas abrid cfut a tt-tessenger, a tt-tekumm, a tt-teskuffer. Tagnawit tebɣa-as tamettant i tutlayt taqvaylit, tamaziɣt sumata akken lalla a ttaɣ amkan-is deg tesga am lall n wexxam (mulddar). Tebɣa ad tegwri kan al nettat (awer d-yas awessen), ala iman-is. Tagnawit-agi, tedda-d nettat d ddin ineslem terra-t d amdakel-is. Tesburr-d-yis iman-is akken a ttkelex, a ttexdaɛ tajaddit. Syenna imiren, as-teqqim a tt-tesserkukec deg akal deg tedder acḥal n leqrun-aya. Ḥsiɣ mazal xilla n Iqvayliyen neɣ imaziɣen, mazal-iten iwwet-iten "meɣrud n ddin ineslem" ; Tagi d tanummi n 10 l-leqrun ddaw n usafsar n uqran. Attafttar ara ken-yawwin ar tmettant, ar nnger ma tkemmlem deg ubrid agi id-wwim ass-a. Ihi, ma tuɣem awal-iw : a nebnut iɣerbazen (ljamaɛ ad yili i d aɣerbaz n tmaziɣt) akken a nessɣer, a nesselmed tutlayt nneɣ mačči d tin n medden. Ad nesbedd lecyax ara yesseɣren deg yal taddart. Tameslayt nneɣ ur tettraju yara acengu a tt-yeddifandi. Icenga ɣezzen-as yagi aẓekka si tnayen u settin akken as-rren timedlin nettat mazal-itt tedder.
* Cix Lvacir Vrahimi inna-d deg awal-s: Tagnawit (Taɛravt) am tmeṭṭut tilellit, ur tqebbel ara a ttili ttakna, d nettat kan...". (la langue arabe est comme une femme libre, elle n’aime pas avoir de rivale).
Tanmirt nwen sumata.


text:
Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
Gurbanguly Mälikgulyýewiç Berdimuhamedow[1] (s trusit : ГypбaHryлы MялиkryлыeBич БepдыMyxaMeдoB, yettwaru aka Gourbangouly Mialikgoulyïevitch Berdymoukhamedov, d talɣa timeẓwit. Ilul ass n 29 yunyu 1957) d aselway n Turkministan. Yeṭṭfed afrisem n Arkadag (amɛellem amastan) dɣa yebna aɛbad ines n tugna[2].
- ↑ Yettwaru s sin m am s taturkminit (Berdimuhammedow) am s trusit (БepдыMyxaMMeдoB) alama d (zeṛ ɣef udeg web n Radio Free Europe [1]), isem n twacult-is yettwaru seg uzmez agi s yiwen m kan deg iḍrisen unṣben dɣa deg iɣmisen.
- ↑ Courrier international, no 1168 n 21 ar 27 meɣres 2013, a. 44


text:
1 yennayer
Tasimirt tasentalt
Inmudag • Firrubiar • Addalen
Tamekfadut d usaru yuniɣ • Disney
Tizegziltin / Ẓeṛ daɣen
- (° 1852) = yellul deg 1852
- (∩ 1885) = yemmut deg 1885
- a.s. = tafada julien
- n.s. = tafada n grigurian
- Tafada
- Tafada tafdit
- Umuɣ n tafada
Ass 1ru yennayer d-ass amezwaru n useggwas. Llan 364 wussan deffir-es ar taggara n useggas, 365 ma d-aseggwas bisekstil.
Tidyanin[beddel | edit source]
Timiḍi Iru uq. S.Ɛ.[beddel | edit source]
Timiḍi wisV[beddel | edit source]
Timiḍi wisXX[beddel | edit source]
Timiḍi wisXXI[beddel | edit source]
- 2001 : Tamurt n Grik tekcem di taɣzut euro.
- 2002 :
- idrimen n euro kecmen ar tasnisnit deg 12 Iwunak imaslaḍen n Tadukli n Turuft.
- asermed nAmtawa Igenni yeldin i ḍmen taɛessast n igenni deg akkw akal n Iwunak imasladen.
- 2003 : Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, neɣ Lula, yuɣaled d-aselway amezwaru n uẓelmaḍ (akabar aserti) di Brazil.
- 2007 :
- Bulgarya akkw d Rumanya kecment deg Tadukli n Turuft.
- Sluvinya t-sedda taɣzut euro.
- Ban Ki-moon akuryan n wenẓul, yuɣal amaray amatu n Iɣlanen Yeddukklen amaynu deg ubeddel n Kofi Annan.
- 2008 : Tagduda n Qubrus akkw d Malṭa kecment deg taɣzut euro.
- 2009 :
- Sluvakya tekcem deg taɣzut euro.
- asermed n ugzam udbil amaynu n Grunland.
- 2010 : Tamurt n Spenyul t-dem taselwit n Turuft.
- 2011 :
- Isṭunya tekcem deg taɣzut euro.
- tinṭagin timaynutin mgal imasiḥiyen, tikkelt agi di Maṣer. Aremmaɣ ineslem i nǧee 21 yemmuten dɣa 79 imugas zdat taglizt takaṭulit kupt n Tiskendrit[1].


text:
Google: asenfar n yilsawen illan g imizi
IssafeY-d Google asenfar-nnes ameqwran Yef yilsawen (tutlayin) illan g imizi. Aya iga tamezwarut g yiger n yilsawen, acku kigan aya sawalen Yef uya g tudsiwin n tmura imanen (UN) maka urta d-iffiY waḍu s akal.
G usmel n usenfar ifeka-d Google kigan n warraten n yiwes i winna iran ad deg-s yumu. Yunef i wmata.
Ika-d Google kigan n isuga lumar win tsekra n imawalen d tjeṛṛumt.
Mk llan winna yran ad yumu g usenfar-a urun-aY-d s tankult n usmel, acku nra ad nssker yuwet tkabart n wumu g usenfar-a.
Taliwin:
→ Le projet Langues en danger
→ WeSay Dictionary Builder
Amawal:
– Asmel: website
– Arra: documentation
– Asenfar: project
– Imizi: danger
– Tuddsa: organization
– Tajeṛṛumt: grammar
– Tankult: e-mail address


text:
Aljiber
Aljiber neɣ Aljiber d amur ger imuren n tusnakt ig zerwen s tugett tiskiwin tiljibriyin (structures algébriques), am tefekka deg Aljiber (corps en algèbre).
Agbur
Aẓar n wawal[beddel | edit source]
D awal id yussan deg tutlayt n taɛrabt el-ǧabr(الجبر),
Amezruy[beddel | edit source]
Deg teglest (à l'antiquité)[beddel | edit source]
Aljiber yettwa seqdec yakan deg akud n iferɛunen, snen ad'd affen tifrat i temesmatt (équation) s yiwet neɣ snat n tefesniwin.
Amaḍal n waɛraben akk d yenselmen[beddel | edit source]
Aljiber yekk'd deg taɛrabt al-ǧabr, yuqal algebra s telatinit, anamek is yezzi ugar ɣer Asdakkel(la reunion) n iceqqfan, neɣ tuqqna (la connexion). Akken daɣen ig wwi inumak(sens) nniḍen deg tutlayin nniḍen.
D'awal ig llan ger wawalen imezwura i sqedcen s tutlayt taɛrabt, adlis id yessufeɣ Xuwarzmi isemma-y-as al-ǧabr wa el mouqabalah, izrew dges aṭṭas n tenzeggit , i wumi ass agi leqdic ines nessemlal it ugar ɣer tenzeggit taljibrit.
Yiwet tikkelt Leonard de Pise i win mi qqaren Fibonacci yerza ɣer tefriqt n ugafa, ira(aimer) amek ttarun izwilen deg tama agi n wemaḍal, deg imir yesseqdac izwilen akini, yerna yewwiten id ɣer Turuft.
Timidi tis XVI (XVI siecle)[beddel | edit source]
Aljiber Atrar (algèbre Moderne)[beddel | edit source]
Muqel daɣen[beddel | edit source]
- Tusnakt (mathématique)
- Asebrurez (analyse)
- Tanzeggit (géométrie)
- Tiskiwin tiljibriyin (structures algébriques)
- Aljiber Ajerrad(algèbre linéaire)
- Aljiber n Boole (algèbre de Boole)


text:
Ǧerba
Ǧerba d tagzirt, di tama n Gabes azɣar deg teftist n Tunes.
Aglam[beddel | edit source]
Ǧerba ɣur-es anezwi alegɣan adeg nufa akal d acebḥan. "Tamaneɣt"-ines d Ḥumt Suq anda zedɣen ugar n 65 000 n yemdanen. Tella aṭas n tamerrit deg tagzirt-a, acku tiftisin d yiṭij n tegzirt d tiɣerfranin s aṭas i yemerrayen seg akk n Turuft i d-yusan (Fransa, Alman, Ṭelyan). Yerna surrten usaru amzewaru n saga n Star Wars di Ǧerba (S tmaziɣt : Ṭrad n Yetran) deg useggas n 1977.
Di tagara, nezmer ad negra tamawt belli deg tegzirt n Ǧerba llan ineselmen n ɛibadiya akwd kra n wudayen dinna.


text:
Awwur:Tussna
Taddadant (Statistique) · Takrura (Chimie) · Tameẓla (Logique) · Tanzeggit (Géométrie) · Tarakalt (Géographie) · Tasengama (Physique) · Tasnaggurt (Astronomie) · Tudersent (Biologie) · Tusnakt (Mathématiques)
D amussnagamaw (physicien), d amussnayyur (astronome), aẓar-is n tmurt n Ṭelyan. Galili d yiwen gar wid I d-igren lsas I tussnagama tamirant(physique moderne). Gar wayen iqdec Galili d Kepler, irfed-iten Newton I leqdic-is. Galili isnulfa-d s wacu issaked aggur, isken-d tiderra (ccwami) illan ɣef iṭij. D Galili I d-yufan isafen illan ɣef aggur d igensawen (satellites) imeqqranen n Jupiter d udmawen n Venus. ...ugar


text:
Yakima (Washington)
cergeɣ abrid s tɣawla wḍeɣ ɣer taddart ufella fudeɣ ṣebbeɣ ar tala dina id zriɣ fula nniɣ-as iyaɣ a lalla ur di qqar ala xas ṭaxer i trewla tiṭ mi-k twala ameẓuɣ mi d am yesla trekbiyi tawla tayri-im s wul-iw tegla temɣid degs leḥmala fellam ad sekreɣ tagrawla am ferhat imazighen imula ad snegreɣ dula neɣ a yi teṭṭef lehbala ad ḥabseɣ iḍes d lmakla a yi arzen s lqid d snesla ad kerzeɣ a yilef di lexla inid ih neɣ ala
tenna-d annaɣ a tassa ad ak iniɣ taɣawsa ɣef d udem ad ak-d ban teḍsa ur tettiliḍ d ameksa a teǧǧeḍ cemma d lmaṣa ad ay i taɣeḍ am assa yidek ad fɣeɣ tilisa a nezger ɣer fransa acemma ur d aɣ i ttxaṣa
nniɣ-as limer ad ak m aɣeɣ lxiq ad yi ffeɣ ur nett3awad ad nennaɣ tafat-nneɣ ad tesseɣ ad nebnu axxam-neɣ s sdeq akked wureɣ ad nesɛu arraw-neɣ ad nrebbi s tirugza d yiseɣ ad teḥtaǧeḍ am t id aɣeɣ ad ur tezriḍ ad am temleɣ yak teḥṣiḍ herceɣ zewreɣ tamusni deg allaɣ tezdeɣ d kem ar a ṭafareɣ ur zmireɣ ak m ǧǧeɣ xas ulama meqreɣ deg ul ad ak ḥerzeɣ alama muteɣ
tenna zriɣ-k d aqcic lɛali d lwali ur telliḍ d akli a mmis n muḥand waɛli mennaɣ ad ak s3uɣ d isli ad aɣ tezdi tdukli ad nawi tilleli yidek yecbeḥ umlili deg iḍ ddaw tziri neɣ deg uzal mara nečč imekli acḥal ɛzizeḍ felli


text:
Acenyal Amaziɣ
Acenyal Amaziɣ neɣ Asenǧaq Amaziɣ yettwanulfa-d deg iseggasen isamrawen (i70en) sɣur Agraw Imaziɣen (l'Académie berbère). Deg 1998, s ifassen n Agraw Amaḍlan Amaziɣ (GMM) iy gan agraw nsen amenzu deg tigzirin n Taknara deg Tmurt n Sbanya, asenǧaq agi yuɣal d asenǧaq onṣib n Imaziɣen akken ma ttilin ani ttidiren deg omaḍal.
Ɣur-s krad (3) n yiniten (iklan / couleurs): aẓerwal (blue), azegzaw (vert), awṛaɣ (jaune). Deg tlemmas ines yettwars usekkil s yini (aklu, couleur) azeggʷaɣ (« ⵣ », aza neɣ yaz) s Tifinaɣ.
- Azerwal anamek ines d Ilel Agrakal (Mer Méditerranée) ;
- Azegzaw anamek ines d idurar d yizaɣaren izegzawen n Tefriqt Ugafa ;
- Awraɣ anamek ines d tiniri / aneẓrof (désert neɣ Esseḥṛa) n Tafriqt Ugafa .


text:
Tizi Wezzu
Tizi Wezzu d tamdint deg usammer acerqi n Tamurt n Izwawen. Tikwal sawalen-as medden Tamnaṭṭ n Tizi Wezzu am wakken ad xedmen tamezla ɣef tamaneɣt-is Tamdint n Tizi Wezzu.
Agbur
Asideg (timella)[beddel | edit source]
Aẓar n wawal[beddel | edit source]
Tizi Wezzu d awal id yussan deg tejeǧǧigt azezzu, anda ass agi llant kra n tuddar is yessawalen Tizi Uzezzu, d'acu tugett n imezdaɣ tmurt n leqbayel ssawalen as Tizi Wezzu. Ass-a deg lkaɣeḍ nettarutt Tizi Wezzu s te qbaylit , Tizi ouzou s tefransist.
Tarakalt[beddel | edit source]
Tizi Wezzu tezga azal n 70 km ɣef rrif n yilel agrakal (lebher) akk-d wazal n 60 km seg Bgayet; ɣef tlisa-s ad nef seg usammer Tubiret (80 km), ɣef wegmuɣ Bgayet, Bumerdas ɣef utaram.
S Tajumma n azal n 2.958 km2 tawilayet n Tizi Wezzu tella yiwet seg timnaḍin i meqren deg tmurt n yezwawen. Aḥric ameqran n waman ttassen seg idurar n Ǧerǧer uqbel n ucercer-nsen ɣef wasif n Sbaɛu; llan deg-s watas n tifrawin am uggug n Teqṣebt (160 imelyaren n m3).
Tizi Wezzu tesɛa azal n 1.222.334 n imezdaɣ (leḥṣab n 2005) s tajumma n 2958 km²; ɣef wagi tella yiwet n temnatt yesɛan azal meqqren deg Tefriqt ugafa.
Tamdint n Tezi Wezzu d tamaneɣt n temnatt i tella; 120 000 n imezdaɣ i ɣur-es (tesɛa).
Timdinin timeqranin n twilayt n Tizi Wezzu:
- 1 Temdint n Tizi Wezzu
- 2 Larebɛa n At Yiraten
- 3 Aṣqif n Ṭmana
- 4 Iɛeẓẓugen
- 5 Draɛ Ben Xedda
- 7 Tigzirt
Tiɣiwanin n Tizi Wezzu[beddel | edit source]
Llant 67 (seddist sa) n tiɣiwanin deg twilayt n Tizi Wezzu
- At Yeḥya
- At Bu Yusef
- Aqbil
- Aṣqif n Ṭmana
- Iferḥunen
- At Yillilten
- Imsuḥal
- Buzegan
- At Ziki
- Illulen Umalu
- At Yeǧǧer
- Iɛeẓẓugen
- Iɛekkuren
- Ifiɣa
- Friḥa
- Iɣil N Zekri
- Aẓeffun
- At Cafaɛ
- Aɣrib
- Aqerru
- Tigzirt
- Iflisen
- Mizrana
- Makuda
- Bujima
- At Wagnun
- Timizar
- At Ɛisa Mimun
- Tizi Raced
- At Umalu
- Meqlaɛ
- At Xlili
- Swamaɛ
- Larbɛa N At Yiraten
- At Aggwaca
- Irǧen
- At Yanni
- Iɛeṭṭafen
- Ibudraren
- At Wasif
- At Bu Mahdi
- At Tudert
- Iwaḍiyen
- At-Bu-Waddu
- Agni-n-Yeɣran
- Tizi n Tlata
- At Dwala
- At Ɛisi
- At Maḥmud
- At Zmenzer
- Imaɛtuqen
- Suq Letnin
- Tacentirt
- Azaɣar
- Frikat
- At Yeḥya Yusef
- Tizi Ɣennif
- Imkiren
- Draɛ Ben Xedda
- Tadmayt
- Sidi Neɛman
- Tirmitin
- Buɣni
- At Bu Yusef
- Bunuḥ
- Amecras
- Tizi Wezzu
Igemmamen n Tizi Wezzu (Lḥumet)[beddel | edit source]
Ad naf aṭas n yegmamen di Tizi Wezzu, maca llan kra deg-sen i yettwasnen s aṭas.
- Annar Amellal
- Bastos
- Buxalfa, deg utaram
- Buɛziz
- Ldecra (Tizi Ufella : Adewwar Balwa).
- Lkadi neɣ Likadi
- Lemedduḥa
- Les Bâtiments Bleus
- Les Genêts
- Ǧerǧer ( Le Djurdjura s trumit)
- Les Tours-Villa
- Medduḥa
- Tamdint neɣ La Ville neɣ Lbilaǧ am i wumi qqaren zik Tizi Talemmast
- Tarzan
- Tala Ɛellam
Tuddar n tɣiwant n Tizi Wezzu[beddel | edit source]
- Buhinun
- Tala Menṣur
- Buxalfa
- Asif At Ɛisi (Lwad Ɛisi)
- Ssix Umeddur
- Aklan n Cemlal
- Irahalen
- Tazmalt
- Tazmalt n Lkaf
- Timizar Leɣbar
- Ireǧǧawen n Lbur
- Ireǧǧawen n Tect
- Tala Ɛetman, tixelǧatin-is : Tazmalt N Wadda , Taddart Ufella, Iɣil Ufella d La Cité
- Ibetrunen : Tasadurt, Iqemmuden, Iɣil Uberwaq et Taddart Ufella.
- Iḥesnawen, : Leɛzib n Ḥmed, At Leḥsen, At Menṣur, Taddart Tameqqrant d Taɛezibt.
Amezruy[beddel | edit source]
Seg taglest Tizi Wezzu tella daymen tettwazdeɣ s imaziɣen am isbeggen yisemis, imi deg tutlayt n izwawen Tizi Wezzu d asemlili i d tella, deg yiwen ufus tizi, deg wayeḍ azzu; ini n uwraɣ (ddheb)akk-d ccbaḥa i dehcen n tizi, yiwet n tama ɣef tayeḍ, tazmert agi i ixelqen ayen icebḥen Tizi Wezzu.
Ulac ayen i d-iqqimen seg umezruy atrar n Tizi Wezzu, anagar kra n lebni (usali) deg ukud n Irumaniyen. Deg ukud atrar ad nef yiwen wemkan i yesɛan kra n texxamin seg lweqt n Iturkiyen; amkan agi yefka-d talalit i wmarci n Samass (sebt) akk-d yiwet temdint (teɣremt) tamectuht, tella ar tura yiwet tiɣremt deg At Yiraten (azal n 25 km seg Tizi) i ttwabnan deg 1850 deg ukud n Taslekt Tafransist; tamdint agi tuɣal-ed teɣremt n Tizi Wezzu n tura.
Tadamsa[beddel | edit source]
Tadamsa n Tizi Wezzu tettwaḥkem s tlata n igzumen ixelqen idrimen merra n tamnaṭṭ:
Tamerrit (tourisme)[beddel | edit source]
Idurar n Ǧerǧer akk-d leǧwahi-nsen llan d aɣbalu n tmerrit ameqran deg tamnaṭṭ n Tizi Wezzu imi yal aseggas ilulufen n lɣaci temsafren ɣur-es iwakken ad sɛedin lweqt n ustaɛfu-nsen; Taddart n Tala n Yilef akk-d Tigejda d imukan i iɛejben aṭas n lɣaci deg lweqt n Skii.
Imukan n taɣedweft: Ixerban n Rruman: Tigzirt (Iomnium), Taqṣebt (Rusupisir), Aẓeffun (Rosazu). Rrif n lebḥer (taftist) d ayen i ijebbden daɣen aṭas n medden di tamurt merra.
Tamguri[beddel | edit source]
Tella yiwet temguri tamectuḥt deg Tizi Wezzu lameɛna ur tesɛi ara tazmart meqqren ad teqneɛ aḥwaǧ n lɣaci ines.
Wigi d timetti meqqren deg Tizi Wezzu:
Tafellaḥt (Ager)[beddel | edit source]
Tafellaḥt (ager) mazal tella d agzum ameqran deg tudert n imezdaɣ n Tizi Wezzu am afares n zzit n uzemmur, tabexsist, tizurin atg.
Asegmi[beddel | edit source]
Tizi Wezzu d amkan anda tella yiwet tesdawit i meqqren deg tmurt, tasdawit n Lmulud at Maɛemer; 28,305 n inelmaden.
Aḥric ameqran n imezdaɣ n Tizi Wezzu ttmeslayen s Tamaziɣt (tutlayt n wegdud) akk-d tafransist (tutlayt tis snat).
Addal[beddel | edit source]
Ddabex d addal amezwaru deg tmurt n imaziɣen akken daɣen i yella deg Tizi Wezzu imi Aneɣlam n ddabex n Tizi Wezzu, Jeunesse Sportive de Kabylie neɣ JSK, d yiwen n wesrir yettwasnen deg Tefriqt merra.


text:
Imuhaɣ
Imuhaɣ d agdud amaziɣ yettidiren deg Uneẓruf n Tafriqt. Akal-nsen d Aneẓruf (Idurar n Tasili, n Ayer di Nijir, atg.).
Yernu imi ay zgan tddun ɣef udar, ttreggizen (teddun) nutni d lmal-nsen (iɣersiwen n-sen d ileɣman) seg wemkan ɣer wayeḍ, wwḍen ɣer waṭas n tmiwa di Tefriqt. Imuhaɣ xulḍen aṭas n yegduden ifriqiyen ay ten-id-iqerben neɣ yellan ɣer tama n-sen, nitni fkan-asen daɣ-nni wwin-d aṭas seg-sen. Ass-a, nezmer ad naf Imuhaɣ di Nijir d Mali, am akken nezmer ad naf kra n trebbaɛ-nsen neɣ n waggayen di Ččad, Burkina Faso akk d Nijirya.
Deg wenḍul n Uneẓruf (Nijir akk d Mali), aṭas n yegduden ifriqiyen ay yettidiren ɣer tama n Yimuhaɣ, nezmer ad d-nebder seg-sen Ibambaraten, Ifulanen akk d Yisarakuliyen. Kra seg yegduden-agi kessen lmal am Yimuhaɣ, di lweqt i deg wiyaḍ xeddmen tafellaḥt neɣ akal. Tuɣ (yella), wakal n wenẓul n Uneẓruf kkan (uɣent) deg-s isaffen, d aya ay t-yerran d agilal, amakken (meḥsub) yelha (igarrez) i tfellaḥt.
Aẓar n wawal[beddel | edit source]
Awal Amuhaɣ deg asuf, Imuhaɣ deg asget naɣ daɣen Kel Tamacaq ad yaf aẓar-is deg awal Amaziɣ, Imaziɣen deg asget. D aɣdebbu n imuhaɣ ig ǧǧan ad yeḍru cwit n usnifel ger w awalen agi, maca di tilawt d yiwen.
Isem n tutlayt Tamacaq yekkad seg Tamaziɣt.
Iderman[beddel | edit source]
Di timiḍi wis 19, akal n Imuhaɣ yebḍa gar timweyawin, tal yiwen yegelld (yeḥkem) fell-as yiwen Umenukal (Amenukal), akked kra n yemɣramen imeqranen seg tal teqbilt. Gar-asen ad naf :
- Kel Ajjer neɣ Azjar: i wumi adeg-aɣella d Aɣat.
- Kel Ahaggar, deg yidurar n Ahaggar.
- Kel Adaɣ, neɣ Kel Asuq: di Kidal, ed Tin Buktu
- Iwillimmiden Kel Ataram, neɣ Iwillimmidan n Utaram: Menaka, ed Azawaɣ deg (Uẓawad)
- Iwillimmiden Kel Denneg, neɣ Iwillimmidan n Wegmuḍ: Tin Tabaradin, Abalaɣ, Taliya Azawaɣ (Nijir).
- Kel Ayer: Asudi, Agadez, In Gal, Timiya ed Iferwan.
- Kel Gres: Zinder ed Tanut armi ugafa n Nijirya.
- Kel Uwey: Ayer, deg unebdu llan deg Tasawa (Nijir)
Imeqranen i yelan (yesɛan) azamul n Amenukal (Ameqran) llan :
- Amattaza, seg Lisawan
- Abu Ag Ajaku, seg Tamisgida
- Afadandan, seg Lisawan
- Karidanna, seg Iwillimmiden
- Waisimudan, seg Iwillimiden
- Aljilani Ag Ibrahim, seg Iwillimiden
- Busari Ag Axmad, seg Iwillimiden
- Musa Ag Amastan, seg Kel Ahaggar
- Ibrahim Ag Abakkada, seg Kel Ajjer
- Amud, seg Kel Ajjer
- Maxammad Ag Katami, seg Iwillimmiden
- Balxu, n Kel Ayer
- Wan Aguda, seg Kel Faday (Kel Ayer)
- Ahitaɣal, si Kel Ahaggar
- Axanuxan, n Kel Ajjer
- Xadaxada, n Iwillimiden
- Alxurer, n Iwillimiden
- Bazu, Iwillimiden
- Maxammad Wan Ag Alxurer Iwillimiden
- Abdurrexman Tagama, n Kel Ayer
- Hammed Almumin Iwillimiden
- Fihrun Ag Amansar, seg Iwillimiden
- Atisi Ag Amellal n Kel Ahaggar
- Axamuk Ag Ihemma n Kel Ahaggar
- Bay Ag Axamuk n Kel Ahaggar
- Xamzata Ag Maxammad, n Iwillimiden
- Adaber Ag Maxammad d Amenukal amaynu n Kel Ahaggar
Taɣbalut[beddel | edit source]
http://amastan1.tripod.com/ (Ɛumar Muffek)


text:
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text:
Zineddin Lyazid Zidan
Zineddin Lyazid Zidan, qqaren-as daɣen Zizu, d amarir n takurt uḍar n Franṣa i d-ifrurxen si yiwet n twacult taqbaylit i yellan d iminigen (iɣriben). Ilul ass n 23 yunyu 1972 di La Castellane i d-yezgan di tɣiwant n Marseille ddaw n Franṣa af yiri n ilel agrakal.
Zidan yuɣ Véronique Lentisco, yesɛa yid-s 4 n yuqrar: Enzo, Luca, Théo d Elyaz.
Imuzzag (spécialistes) n waddal, qqaren-d Zineddin Zidan illa ger imurar ifazen nezzeh di yal akud, netta d Pelé Diego Maradona d Michel Platini. D anaddal amezwaru iḥemlen ifranṣiyen deg useggas n 2006. Kraḍ (3) iberdan i ttuferen d amarir lemxiyer amezwaru n umaḍal sɣur tiddukla tagreɣlant n takurt uḍar (FIFA) deg iseggasen 1998, 2000, d 2003. Daɣen yewwi Takurt Ureɣ (ballon d'or) deg 1998. Aɣmis 'France-Football' iferni-t snat n tikkwal d amarir wis sin ifazen ger imurar n Fransa di yal akud.
Deg uswir agraɣlan, iban-ed s tarenawt d taɣlamt (tarbaɛt) n Fransa s teqbuct umaḍal n 1998, akk d tilɣuɣa n umenzaw n Turuft (Championnat d'Europe) di 2000. Deg 2003 iḥbes urar akk d tarbaɛt n Fransa. Aseggas seld (2004) yuɣal-ed, lamaɛna ass n 25 ibrir 2006 inna-d mi ara tekfu tiluɣa umaḍal n 2006, ad yeḥbes s wudem unṣib. Dayen i d-yellan, mi tekfa kan tagara n tiluɣa agi, yeṭṭef deg awal-is. Dɣa di tagara-agi, temlal tarbaɛt n Fransa d ttin n Ṭelyan, i yekfan s wayen i yettwasen Zidan ugar: tiyita uqarru mgal afna (adversaire) aṭelyani Marco Materazzi. Dayen iǧan anefray a s-yefk takarḍit tazegg°aɣt. Anecta mačči dayen ur t-iǧan ara ad yawi azwel n umarir ifazen deg umaḍal sɣur FIFA.
Agbur
Tazwara n Zineddin Zidan[beddel | edit source]
Zineddin Zidan, ilul di 'Marseille' u yettureba di 'La Castellane', imawlan-is Smaɛil d Malika, ussan-d si tmurt n leqbayel, si taddart Agemmun At Sliman id yezgan di Bgayet.
Zineddin Zidan izmel turagt tamezwarut ines deg 1982 ar taɣlamt n 'US Saint-Henri' ur ibaden ara si 'La Castellane'. Imiren yuɣal ar taɣlamt 'SO Septèmes-les-Vallons' anida yurar alama d 14 isegwasen di laɛmer-is. Di tagar n 1986 yebda urar akw d 'AS Cannes' sanda i-t-ibbwi Mas 'Jean Varraud'. Deg 1987, ikcem ar wamas uselmed n 'Cannes' s ddaw laɛnaya n umyurar aqbur 'Guy Lacombe'. Illa izdeɣ ar yiwet n twacult 'les Elineau'.Asmi isɛa 16 isegwasen, asleɣmay 'Jean Fernandez' iskecmit ar weḥric n usadar (professionnel). Ass n 20 mayu (semyur) 1989 ibda urar deg weḥric amezwaru n tiluɣa n Fransa, mgal 'FC Nantes', anda tturaren 'Marcel Desailly' d 'Didier Deschamps' deg akud nni. Deg 1991 igga iswi ines amezwaru mgal daɣen 'FC Nantes'. Aselway n taɣlamt aki, Mas 'Alain Pedretti', ifka-yas takarust 'Peugeot 205' ttazegaɣt ilmend n yiswi aki, imi yahdit s waya asmi a yeg iswi ines amezwaru. Taɣlamt n 'FC Cannes' tekcem di teqbuct n Urub (UEFA), dɣa ibda a yetturar deg aswir agreɣlan. Lamaana asegwas nni id yernan, 'FC Cannes' t ṣub ar weswir wis 2. Dayen yeǧǧan Zidan ad iruh ar taɣlamt n 'Bordeaux' deg unebdu n 1992.
Iseggasen n Bordeaux[beddel | edit source]
Deg 1992 i skecmit uselaɣmay Rolland Courbis ar taɣlamt n 'Girondins de Bordeaux' anda yuɣal yetturar ak° d sin imurar i yuɣalen ar zdat d imeddakil-is di taɣlamt n Franṣa. Wigi d Christophe Dugarry d Bixente Lizarazu. Deg useggas ines amezwaru ar Bordeaux, Zidan iga mraw (10) iswiyen. Deg 1996 yurar tagara n teqbuct n UEFA mgal taɣlamt n 'Bayern Munich' anda xeṣren 'Les Girondins de Bordeaux' snat n tikwal: 0-2 d 1-3, ɣas ulama yufad lḥal sufɣen taɣlamt n 'Milan AC' deg tafquẓt n tagara (1/4 de final). Di teqbuct aki dɣa, wid iḥemlen takurt uḍar, ufan di Zidan d Anaẓur neṣeḥ ay san imal igerzen.
Qqaren belli uqbel ad ikcem Zidan ar taɣlamt n Franṣa, aselaɣmay n taɣlamt n Lezzayer n imiren Abdelḥamid Kermali ur tiqbil ara, imi aken id yenna: aqcic n 'la Castellane', ur ittazal ara mliḥ. Ass n 17 ɣuct 1994 ikcem i tikelt tamezwarut ar taɣlamt n Franṣa mgal n taɣlamt n tigduda n Ček. Ikcem di dqiqa 63 anda yufad lḥal Franṣa texṣer s sin ar wulac (2-0). Imi id ikecem Zidan, iga sin iswiyen, ɣas aken qrib asegwas aken ad yuɣal d amsaddu (titulaire). Armi d 1995, ilmend isfalen n 'Euro 1996', i yerra weslaɣmay 'Aimé Jacquet' Zidan d amarir amenzawi (meneur de jeu).
Zidan ar Juventus[beddel | edit source]
Deg 1996, mi tekfa tagara n teqbuct n UEFA anda xeṣren 'les Girondins de Bordeaux', Zidan i zmel akw d taɣlamt imucaɛen Juventus n Turin i yellan d taɣlamt n umarir aqbur Michel Platini. Anecta illa-d s suma n 35 ifad n Frankiten. Yuɣal ihi yetturar akw d Didier Deschamps s ddaw uselaɣmay
Marcello Lippi. Taqbuct n 'Euro 96' ur tɛedda ara akken i wulen i Zidan imi yuffad lḥal yeɛya deg useggas nni yezrin ak° d 'les Girondins de Bordeaux'. Yernu ixdem yiwet n laksida uqbel taqbuct aki.
Aseggas amezwaru ar Juventus iweɛr-as, send akin yuɣal ifaz nezzeh. Aṭas i tittwalin ad iruḥ ar zdat s waṭas. Akw d Juventus yebbwi aṭas n yizwal: snat n teqbucin n 'scudetti' deg 1997 akw d 1998, yiwet n teqbuct 'Super' n Ṭelyan deg 1997, yiwet n teqbuct 'Super' n Turuft deg 1996, akw d yiwet n teqbuct 'intercontinentale' deg 1996. Lamaɛna ur yerbiḥ ara tiluɣa n Champion League snat n tikwal (1997 akw d 1998).Ahat taki ger tisebiwin i t-yeǧǧan ad iruḥ ar taɣlamt n 'Real Madrid'.
Zidan ar 'Real Madrid'[beddel | edit source]
Deg yulyu 2001, taɣlamt n 'Real Madrid' tewed ad tezmel Zidan s suma n 77 ifad n 'Euros', dayen ur nella ara uqbel deg umezruy n takurt uḍar. Isegasen imezwura n Madrid, yewi azwel n tiluɣa n Sbenyul akw d tiluɣa n 'Champion League' ines tamezwarut. Dɣa si tmurt n Sbenyul iga Zidan iswiyen ines icebḥen nezzeh di tuddert-is n umarir.
Tirza n Zidan ar tmurt n lejdud-is[beddel | edit source]
I tikelt tamezwarut, seg mi yella d amarir, yerza Zidan ar tmurt n imawlan-is akd d lejdud-is di Dujanbir 2006. Din yemlal di mdebren n tmurt u iruh ar Taddart Agemune At Sliman, anda imezdaɣ-is qublen-t-id s lferḥ amuqran. Fi tarza yaki anazur n cna Yidir idda yides.
Iṭṭuqet wawal af tirza n Zidan ar tmurt n lejdud-is ama di tilizriwat, radyuwat, iɣmisen akw d ismal n uzeṭa n Internet. Ama di tmura n tefriqt ugafa (Tamazɣa), ama di Franṣa, ama deg waṭas n tmura umaḍal. Ar leqbayel, llan wid iferḥen s tirza ines, akken llan wid ur nefriḥ, imi qaren belli tella degs tsertit neɣ ayen umi neqqar s tutlayt tafranṣiṣt 'la récupération'. Deg umedya atnan sin imagraden iwen tferneɣ: amezwaru seg uɣmis Izuran, deg wuṭun wis 14 ines, wis sin seg wesmel n tsekla imyura.net.
1. Tirza n Zidane ɣer Lezzayer, ger usirem d tuccda ...
Zinedine Zidane yerza-d ɣer tmurt n lejdud-is, iẓur kra n temnaḍin n Lezzayer ɣef teɣzi n 5 wussan. S laɛraḍa n uselway n Tigduda. Izzayriyen s tuget deg-sen, amur ameqqran d ilmeẓyen, ttmeslayen deg ussan-agi iɛeddan ḥala ɣef tirza n mmis n Teqbaylit, Zizu...
D acu yella-n d amaynut mi ara d-yass yiwen ad izuṛ tamurt anda lulen imawlan-is ? D ayen ur ilaq maḍi ad yili wawal fell-as, acku d azref n yal amdan yellan beṛṛa n tmurt-is neɣ n tmurt n lejdud-is.
S tidet, maca wagi mačči d menwala, d yiwen uzamul n ddabex n ddunit meṛṛa. ɣef aya i d-yella qal u qal ɣef tirza-agi.
Tamawt tamenzut : Zizu yezmer ad d-yas ad izuṛ Lezzayer d taddart Agemmun s wudeM niḍen mačči alamma inced-it-id uselway n Lezzayer. Acku, ɣas akken Zidane yenna-d deg temlilit-is sdat ineɣmasen “nekk d anadal, ur d-ceɣleɣ ara di tsertit”, maca Zizu ahat ur yeḥṣi ara wid t-id-inecden d tasertit i tafellaḥt-nsen, mačči d addal iten-iceɣben...
Tamawt tis snat : Mi testeqsan ineɣmasen ɣef amek yettwali tamsalt n tmaziɣt di tmurt, yerra-yas-d “ ur d-usiɣ ara ad meslayeɣ ɣef tsertit”...
Tamawt tis krad : Yiwen umdan yecban Zidane, yettwassen deg umaḍal meṛṛa, yesɛa tadrimt, aṭas n wayen i yezmer ad t-yexdem i warraw n tmurt-is (tamnaḍt n Leqbayel), maca...
Tamawt tis kuẓ : taddart n Ugemmun tfeǧǧeǧ, walan-tt imḍebren ɣef teɣzi n kra n wussan. Simmal ara ad yass Zizu, tirza n teswiɛt, syin yekfa ṭṭbel, yefra wurar, iɣublan n Ugemmun ad uɣalen akken llan. Yiwen n yimḍeber ur yettuɣal ad iwali taddart n ... Zizu.
Nesla aṭas n yilmeẓyen i ɣ-d-yennan acimi Zidane ur d-yenni yiwen wawal ass mi ḍrant tedyanin n Tefsut taberkant, ass mi ɣlin yilmeẓyen. Ula d ibeṛṛaniyen fkan-d tamuɣli-nsen, lḥan deg yiberdan n Fransa ɣer yidis n temnaḍt n Leqbayel (s yisem n izerfan n umdan), wanag netta yiwen ur t-iwala... di tegnitt-nni.
Amdan aɣerfan, ḥemlen meṛṛa meddden, ama d afennan, anaddal, asertan, bɣan ad twalin lɣaci deg teswiɛin iwulmen...
Tettili-d tuccḍa mi ara yiwen ur yefhim ara kra n temsal deg unnar n tsertit. Neyya yellan ɣer Zidane ulac-itt ɣer udabu-nneɣ. Acku seg wass-mi yella di leḥkem, netta ixeddem di tikkerkas...
Ma yecceḍ Zidane di tirza-ines, acimi yiwen ur s-imli ayen yeffren ? Ulamma yewwi-d yid-s yiwen ucennay yessnen timsal yecban tigi. Wagi d Yidir... ahat iɛemmed di tuccḍa neɣ icceḍ ula d netta ?
2. Tisusaf mači d-aman kan, rregmat mači d-awal kan.
Imi deqs n tmeslayt d-illan ɣef umyurar Zidan ussan-a, a d-nernu ula d nekni tin nneɣ s tayi nneɣ. Imi ula d nettat d-tinzert issefk ad iḥadd wumdan s wayen umi yezmer.
Ihi d-tidett, tisusaf mači d-aman kan, rregmat mači d-awal kan.
Aya ahat dayen i d-yugem umyurar „Zidane“ seg idles n imawlan-is. ɣef aya i yefka d-asfel taqbuct n umaḍal n tcirett uḍar, yefka tt d-asfel i tinzert.
Aḍra tura ma d-tidett tinzert mači d-awal kan. Amedyaz iqqaṛ: „tinzert d-ayla“ Ayla n weqbayli d-tutlayt n imawlan-is, d-idles n imawlan-is, win seg d-suddmen ttṛebya, asegmi nni s wayes t ssegman armi meqqeṛ.
Aselway n udabu imsehres n lezzayer, Bouteflika, iɛreḍ it-id. Yyaɣ a-k-id-ɛerḍeɣ ar wexxam-ik. Tayi d-tajḍiṭ !!!! Aselway n udabu ireggmen akk tiyimmatin tiqbayliyin seg wass mi tefra ar ass-a. Nɣan, ɛeyyben, ṛzan…atg Zidan, ma yella, iger ar ɣur-sen, d acmat ad icmet iman-is. Ma yebɣa ad iqqim d-aziḍan ar wayla-s deg umezruy, ad iṛuḥ ar tmurt-is war ma iger irebbi i wid ɣ ireggmen, i wid ireggmen imawlan-is, ireggmen imawlan n imawlan-is.
Iqbayliyen tewwi ten tinzert fkan afud i Zidan. Tura kan i jbiɣ ar yiwen unmager iṛumaniyen illan reggmen deg umyurar aqbayli, qqaṛen as “akka i d-aɛṛaben, d-tiyiti kan i ssnen !” Imi i sen nniɣ dacu-t Zidan, d-acu-t idles ines, d-acu teswa tinzert ar ɣur-s. Seg mi d-nniɣ aya, akken ma llan wid d-irnan iznan deffir-i ttḥaddan amyurar aqbayli, ttḥaddan iqbaylien. Aya d-amedya dakken Zidan nusr-it, nḥwaǧ-it, diɣen yuḥwaǧ-aɣ.
Aqbayli yuḥwaǧ gma-s.
Tura a t nṛaju deg ugwni n truggza, deg ugwni n tinzert nni i t iwwin ad iḥadd tezdeg n yemma-s d weltma-s. Tura iqqim-d ad iḥadd yemma-s, ur ittak ara afus i wid tt ireggmen seg zik akken reggmen akk tiyimmatin nneɣ.
Atan ihi ɣur-wen usaru n tdiwennit iga Zidan i canal +, anda i s inna i uneɣmas nni : "rregmat mači d-awal kan !!"