text:
Tabrat n Yimedyazen
Taghmist n Tiddukla - Utt'un 15
(ddur't n 6 Ghuct gher 12 Ctember' 2003)
Zik neqqar win yebghan tamazight, ad yissin tira-s
Ass-a
neqqar win yebghan tamazight, ad tt-yaru
Tigejdit :
Azul fell-awen ay atmaten d teysetmatin
Asalu ay d-rz'an Yimazighen n tira azal n mya n yiseggasen aya wissen ahat ma ad ikemmel u ad
yawed' s iswi-s negh ad d-yawed' wass i deg ara nebru s tidet i tt'bel deg waman. Seg wasmi ay nebda nettaru tamazight di
tallit tamirant (t'poque contemporaine), at'as n yih'urifen ay nga gher sdat. Mbe‚d ma nella nettaru-tt kan i lmend n tmusni
d tezrawin tussnanin (t'tudes scientifiques), nughal nettaru-tt i lmend n weh'raz-yines akk d usuter n tnettit-nnegh (identitt')
di tlemmast n lqern wis 20. Mbe‚d ma nekka-d ghef tallit n weqmar aberkan i deg yegdel (interdit) ad d-nessuffegh adlis yuran
s tutlayt-nnegh di tmura-nnegh, ass-a nughal nessuffugh-d idlisen yernu ttnuzun di yal amkan, slid di Libya, anda ay mazal
ttidiren watmaten-nnegh s ddaw n tecd'ad't n lbat'el aberkan. D acu kan, aql-agh nettwali digh d akken amussu amazigh deg
wayen yerzan tutlayt atan kan a iteddu s le‚qel, s taz'eyt d tameqqrant. Di lweqt i deg ay d-nelha d usuter n weste‚r'ef s
tmazight di tsuda (institutions) n tmura-nnegh, nezmer ad d-nini d akken tighawsiwin yerzan tutlayt s‚ant at'as ayakka seg
wasmi ur ddint ara, anda akken tufeg ay ters. Xas ma yella ilindi yeste‚r'ef unabad' azayri s tutlayt tamazight d tutlayt
taghelnawt, acemma n wejdid ur d-yennulfa. Ldzayer mazal-itt ttezzi, ttenned' di leqdicat-nni-yines n "sufella", n tkellax.
Ma d agdud, amzun yettwali d akken frant temsal, tura iferr'edj-d R'ebbi ghef tmazight, ur d-mazal ad tt-yagh wacemma ...
syad d tasawent "ad ughalen ad tt-qqaren warrac deg ugherbaz", ma d ayen nnid'en ur yelli fell-as uxemmem. Tugh, ula d taghuri-nni
ara tt-ghren deg ugherbaz ulac-itt yernu wissen ma ad tili di yal amkan yernu akken ilaq, nnig waya, timsal maci ala kan deg
wanect-a ay h'ebsent. Yugh lh'al mazal xuss'ent at'as n tghawsiwin di tmazight yernu amussu adelsan yettban-d amzun yefcel,
maci d win n zik, ghur-s tura azal n sin n yiseggasen seg wasmi ur a ixeddem acemma. Anda-tt tmazight di ttawilat n teghwalt
(communications) ? Anda-tent tesghunin am tid-n akken n zik s tmazight ? Anda-ten yiseghz'anen (logiciels) am wid-n akken
ay nugh tanumi nsell yis-sen zik-nni ? Anda-ten yemd'iqen imaynuten yesseqdacen tamazight negh qeddcen fell-as ? Anda-t usseqdec
n teknussniwin (technologies) timaynutin (CD-Rom, tisfifin, VHS, atg.) i lmend n usselmed n tmazight ? Aql-agh ihi nettwali
d akken akud atan yett‚eddi, zzman atan yettazzal, yernu nekni ur nfur'es tagnit ad nesseqdec ayen yellan ass-a i lmend n
wesnerni n tmazight. Yugh lh'al, yeqqar-as yiwen n wanzi ghur-negh : "ddunit h'ed ur tt-iqd'i‚, nettat ur ter'dji w'i‚yan".
Ula d nekni ass-a, yal ddqiqa, yal ass, yal aseggas ara ner'dju, ara nd'egge‚, aql-agh ad as-nettd'eggi‚ tazmert-is i tmazight,
aql-agh ad as-d-nesse‚jal tamattant-is. Di ddunit n wass-a i deg yettazzal kulci, ma nuzzel wissen ma ad neqd'e‚, ma neqqim
ad agh-d-ddjen gher deffir, d acu kan, ma neqqim deg yiwen kan wemkan, skud ttaddjan-agh wiyad', ttba‚aden fell-anegh, skud
nekni nettughal gher deffir, ula d ayen akken nexdem zik-nni ad t-nhudd. Ma ikemmel umussu adelsan amazigh di tguni-yagi ay
d-yewwi, aql-agh a nteddu akken ad nughal gher yiwet n tallit yecban tin akken lbat'el i deg ur yelli wacemma, d acu kan,
ass-a ulac lbat'el. Lemmer di yelli ttawil-agi yellan ass-a di tallit n Mohamed Haroun ad fell-as ye‚fu R'ebbi, tili netta
akk d terba‚t-is ad ilin xedmen le‚djeb i tutlayt-nnegh. D acu kan, irden ttaken-ten i yir tughmas. Tallit-nni i deg ur yelli
wacemma, d lbat'el ay sen-tt-ikksen, wanag lebghi yettcur' ulawen, wanag ass-a, mi akka ay tufrar tagut yernu yella ttawil,
yughal ur yelli lebghi deg wulawen ... i tgara amek ara tili ? Tugh amezruy maci ala kan d nekni ay yellan deg-s, wanag llant
at'as n tutlayin ay i‚erd'en ad d-flalint, d acu kan, imi ur s‚int ara zzher', ur z'wiren ara yimawlan-nsent, ughalent ghlint
di tillas n tutut, kra deg-sent negrent, ma d tiyad' atenti d tineggura ger tutlayin. Akka ula d nekni, xas at'as aya seg
wasmi ara nekkat tt'bel, yezmer ad d-yawed' wass i deg kulci ad issusem. Akka ay ssusmen wid d tid iqeddcen deg umussu adelsan
n tutlayt-nnegh, akka ay ssusmen yimassanen-nnegh yettmeslayen dima s tefr'ensist, ma d tamazight wissen d acu ay d as-d-ssukksen,
akka ay ssusmen tura ula d iz'awaliyen-nnegh ay yettmeslayen s ta‚r'abt i yigerdan-nsen ma d tutlayt n lejdud ddjan-tt ...
akka ara yessusem yiwwas ula d asuter n tmazight, ula d leqdic ghef tutlayt, yernu ad d-qqimen kan yismawen n kra, ad ten-id-yettmektay
umezruy. Ma yewwed'-d wass am wass-n -ncalleh awer d-yawed'-, fih'el ma nkemmel a nxeddem am wass-a, yal tikkelt i deg ara
d-yawed' 20 Yebrid, ad d-nemmekti Dda Lmulud d wiyad', imi ma tenger tmazight s ufus-nnegh, ilaq ad nz'er d akken asad'en-agi-nnegh
(ht'ros) nhudd-asen akk asirem-nsen yernu nd'egger leqdic-nsen s ighzer. D acu ay d-mazal ad t-id-nemmeslay ghef Dda Lmulud,
ad fell-as ye‚fu R'ebbi, ma yella tutlayt-nni i yes d-ikker, tin akken i ghef inud'eh' ur tt-mazal ara ?
IMEDYAZEN
Amezruy n ussider n tutlayt tirlandit di lgherba
Sghur Gillian M. Smith
[Aqeddem : mbe‚d ma nez'ra-d, deg wutt'un wis 5 n weghmis-nnegh amek tagnit i deg tella tirlandit
di tmurt-is tanes'lit, tigduda n Irland, nefren-d ass-a ad'ris d amaynut ghef tutlayt-a, d win ay d-yettmeslayen ghef leqdic
ay xedmen yeghriben Irlandiyen, xas akken r'wan lh'if, akken ad d-ssidren iles-nsen anes'li deg yiwet n tmurt n lgherba i
deg yexled' kulci, Iwunak Yedduklen n Temrikt (USA). Di lqern wis 19, asmi ay d-tewwet yiwet n twaghit tameqqrant n laz' di
tegzirt n Irland, unagen wat'as n Yirlandiyen si tmurt-nsen gher Temrikt akken ad nadin tudert yifen tin n tmurt-nsen, d acu
kan, asmi ay wwd'en gher din, ufan tamurt d tin yes‚an tutlayt idjehden yernu llan at'as n wid ay ten-ih'eqren yernu ker'hen-ten
dinna. Xas akken tutlayt-nsen ur ughen ara tanumi ttarun-tt ula di tmurt-nsen, llan kra deg-sen asmi ay wwd'en gher lgherba,
yeqreh'-iten wul-nsen ad walin tutlayt-nsen tettmettat, dgha bdan leqdic akken ilaq akken ad tt-arun, ad tt-slemden u ad tt-id-ssidren.
D acu kan, amussu-nsen n ussider at'as n wuguren ay d-yemlal ama seg yidis n tegnit yellan di Temrikt, ama seg yidis n Yirlandiyen,
imi at'as deg-sen llan h'eqren tutlayt-nsen yernu ur d-cli‚en ara seg usider-yines. Tidet nettat d akken cci‚a ay tes‚a teglizit,
imi d nettat ay d tutlayt n weghrum, akk d lqella n cci n Yirlandiyen, teddja at'as seg-sen ad smenyafen ad ttmeslayen u ad
sselmaden i warraw-nsen taglizit, ma d tutlayt-nsen fkan fell-as afus gher wegrireb. Dgha xas ma yella yewwed' umussu n ussider
n tirlandit di Temrikt alammi d asmi ay yugar win n ussider-yines di Irland, maca adennit yewwed'-d wass i deg yeghli tt'bel
s aman, yeh'bes leqdic, yenneqd'e‚, ur d-iddji later', yernu nessaram d akken anect-a ur d as-id'erru ara i tutlayt-nnegh
ncalleh. Ma d ad'ris wis sin, nerna-t-id i lmend n tmusni n tegnit is'e‚ben i deg llan ttidiren Yirlandiyen di Temrikt. Agdud-agi
n yifellah'en akk d yimeksawen yettidiren di tegzirt n Irland, si zik ay ten-h'eqren wid ay d-yusan ad asen-kksen tamurt-nsen.
Ad asen-akren ayla-nsen yernu ad ten-ker'hen ... akka ay td'erru di ddunit-agi n lbat'el, d win yekkaten ay yettxaqen. Asmi
ay wwd'en Yirlandiyen gher Temrikt, anda ay d'em‚en ad faken lh'if ghef yiman-nsen, ufan-n tagnit tes'‚eb ugar, imi tah'eqranit-nni
ay ten-h'eqren di tmurt-nsen ted'fer-iten alammi d Amd'al Amaynut (Nouveau Monde), yernu dinna, di lgherba, anda ur s‚in imawlan,
ssuffghen-d deg-sen Yimarikaniyen tiqqid't n wefwad-nsen, ulac tin ur s‚eddan ara fell-asen. Amagrad-agi wis sin d win
ara d agh-i‚iwnen ad nefhem ugar amezwaru-yagi. Nessaram-awen afud igerrzen].
Tazzwart :
Tamsalt n tutlayt tirlandit di Temrikt qqnen fell-as allen wid yettarun amezruy yernu ulac kra
n leqdic n unadi ilelli ay yettwaxedmen i lmend n tmusni n wayen i s-yed'ran i tirlandit di tmurt-agi n lgherba, xas ma ulamma
yella ttbut d akken atas' seg yiminigen ay yellan ttr'uh'un zik gher Temrikt d wid yessnen ad mmeslayen tirlandit. Yugh lh'al,
ur nez'ri acemma ghef wayen ay d asen-yed'ran i yiminigen-agi asmi ay wwd'en gher Temrikt. D acu kan, nez'ra d akken tasuta
(ldjil) tis snat n yiminigen-agi [arraw n yiminigen ay d-yekkren di Temrikt] d tin yeddjan tirlandit yernu d taglizit kan
ay tughal tettmeslay. Ma yella d anect yellan ttmeslayen tirlandit ger n yiminigen, amek ay llan ttwalin tutlayt-nsen di lgherba
akk d ssebbat ay ten-yessawd'en ad ddjen tutlayt-nsen ur nufi fell-as acemma deg wayen yuran.
Addunen (recensements) n lqern wis 19 ay nufa maci d addunen ikemlen yernu ur d agh-d-fkin ara
isallen ghef wayen i s-yed'ran i tutlayt tirlandit deg Yiwunak Yedduklen (USA). D acu kan, llant kra n teghbula (sources)
ay d-yesskanen d akken tirlandit tkemmel tedder, xas akken tedreg, deg yilsawen n yiminigen yernu tewwed' alammi ay d-teffegh
gher ledjher' u yezre‚ umussu n ussider-yines di tmurt n Temrikt merr'a. Akemmel-agi n usseqdec n tirlandit ula di Temrikt
sskanent-t-id at'as n tghawsiwin yuran ay d-ddjan yemdanen n tallit-nni, am yeghmisen udmawanen (journaux personnels), tibratin
ay myuran medden akk d tghemmar (rubriques) yuran s tirlandit deg yeghmisen n Yirlandiyen yettidiren di Temrikt, am wakken
ay d-ffghen digh ula d ighmisen yuran s snat n tutlayin, tirlandit akk d teglizit. Yernu ayen d-uran wid ih'edr'en i tallit-nni
yessed'her-d digh citt' n tafat ghef wemd'al-nni (ddunit) yeffren n yiminigen irlandiyen yettmeslayen tutlayt-nsen akk d wid
ay yewwten akken ad tt-id-ssidren. Amagrad-agi ad d-yemmeslay ghef umezruy n tutlayt tirlandit ghur Yirlandiyen ighriben yeddren
di Temrikt.
Ayen d-bedrent teftarin* ghef temsalt-a :
*tafrat (tiftarin) : document
Xas ma yella d imelyunen n yiminigen irlandiyen ay yunagen gher Yiwunak Yedduklen, ulac at'as
ay yuran fell-asen deg umezruy. Tiftarin ay d-ibedren tirlandit ur s-fkint azal meqqren. Nnig waya, at'as n teftarin i deg
ay d-ggaren tamawt d akken Irlandiyen llan ifen iminigen iberr'aniyen nnid'en imi nitni llan ssnen taglizit. Adlis n "Tutlayt
Tirlandit deg Yiwunak Yedduklen" ay d-yeffghen di tez'rigin n T.W. Idhe*, d adlis ay inef‚en at'as leqdic ghef unadi-yagi,
yernu amur meqqren deg wayen d-yettwabedren deg-s yettwakkes-d seg yimagraden n wedlis-agi. [Callahan, Joseph. The Irish Language
in the United States, in T.W. Idhe (ed) Bergin and Garvey. 1994]. Menghir adlis-agi, ur ufigh ara at'as n tghawsiwin nnid'en
yernu citt'-nni ay ufigh, yebder-d kan citt'ah' n tghawsiwin, d a‚eddi kan, ghef tutlayt tirlandit deg Yiwunak Yedduklen.
Dgha isallen ay d-yefka wedlis-agi ay d-nebder d agerruj ur t-nufi anda nnid'en yernu yis-s ay ssawd'egh ad d-gegh anadi-yagi.
Deg unadi ay d-yura Fishman ghef tutlayin ay sseqdacen deg Yiwunak Yedduklen, "Language Loyalty
in U.S.", ur d-yebdir ara gar-sent tutlayt tirlandit. H. Kloss yemmeslay-d si tama-s, ghef "tdersiyin (minortitt's) yettmeslayen
tutlayin tiberr'aniyin (d acu kan, ur d-yebdir ara tirlandit). O'Brian akk d W.F. Adams mmeslayen-d kan citt'ah' ghef trebba‚t-nni
n yiminigen yettmeslayen tirlandit yernu ur fkin ara azal i umezruy n yiminigen irlandiyen di Temrikt. G. McWiney yewwet-d
deg yenmezrayen (historiens) n Wenz'ul [n Yiwunak Yedduklen] imi ay qqnen allen-nsen ghef wayen d-yewwi yedles aselti (celtique)
gher Temrikt, ama d idles irlandi negh d wid n Yikusiyen akk d Yigaliyen (Gallois/Welsh), d acu kan, ula d netta ur d-yebdir
ara tutlayt tirlandit. E. Hutson yenna-d d akken ger n yiminigen ay d-yusan gher Yiwunak Yedduklen, "Irlandiyen llan seg wid
yettmeslayen merr'a taglizit". Ma d T. McAvoy yenna-d d akken "Irlandiyen ay d-yusan gher Temrikt wwin-d kan si tmurt-nsen
citt'ah mad'i seg yedles-nsen akk d wansayen-nsen (traditions)" yernu yerna-d N. Glazer akk d D.P. Moynihan deg wawal-is imi
ula d nitni gren digh tamawt d akken "ifellah'en [irlandiyen] ay yellan ttenghalen-d gher Temrikt wwin-d kan citt'ah' seg
yedles-nsen irlandi".
Imi ay ulac at'as n Yirlandiyen ay yeghran tutlayt tirlandit, nezmer ad d-nini d akken iminigen
llan ttaddjan tutlayt-nsen akken kan ara d-awd'en gher Temrikt. D acu kan, tugna-yagi (image) tettban-d d tah'erfit (simple)
s wat'as yernu ur tefki ara azal i wid ay ikemmlen ttmeslayen tirlandit xas ‚ett'len di Temrikt akk d wid yewwten akken ad
tt-id-ssidren.
Anda ay llan ttidiren yiminigen :
Uqbel ma yewwet-d Laz' ameqqran ghef Irland, at'as n Yirlandiyen yettmeslayen kan taglizit negh wid yettmeslayen taglizit d tirlandit ay yunagen gher Temrikt. Wigi kkan-d si tmiwa n wegmud' (ccerq)
akk d tlemmast n Irland. Seg wasmi ay i‚edda Laz'-nni d asawen, tuget deg yiminigen irlandiyen ughalen d wid ay d-itekken
seg wetram (lgherb) n Irland akk d tama n Munster. Yugh lh'al, timiwa-yagi ibe‚den llant d tid i deg yufa mlih' iman-is yedles
irlandi.
Timiwa n Munster akk d Connaught, di Irland, d tid i deg amur meqqren deg yimezdaghen llan d
tirlandit ay llan ttmeslayen, yernu 50% seg yiminigen ay ir'uh'en gher Temrikt ghef idra n Laz'-nni d wid ay d-yekkan si tmiwa-yagi.
Ur nezmir ara ad nz'er dgha swaswa kan ach'al n Yirlandiyen yettmeslayen tirlandit ay ir'uh'en si yal akunti (comtt') di Irland.
D acu kan, ma nedj‚el-as d akken azgen seg yiminigen ir'uh'en si Munster akk d Connaught llan seg wid yettmeslayen tirlandit,
akk d wazal n 5% seg yiminigen n yikuntiyen nnid'en ay yettmeslayen digh tutlayt-a, dgha nezmer ad naf d akken azal n wezgen
n umelyun seg yiminigen ay yesserwel Laz' si Irland ay yellan ttmeslayen tirlandit, meh'sub d tis tlata seg wakk iminigen-nni
ay yesserwel Laz'.
Asmi ay i‚edda Laz', akken yella yinig di tallit-nni n Laz' ay ikemmel, tuget deg wid yellan
ttr'uh'un gher Temrikt tekken-d si tmiwa tigellilin akk n Wetram n Irland. Di 1891, llan mazal ssawalen tirlandit di ‚ecr'a
n yikuntiyen, i deg azal ger n 10% d 60% n yimezdaghen llan sseqdacen tirlandit. Si 1856 alamma d 1880, 44% seg yiminigen
yunagen gher Temrikt kkan-d seg yikuntiyen-nni. Ma ger n yiseggasen n 1881 d 1890, wwd'en yiminigen ay d-yekkan seg yikuntiyen-agi
gher 55% seg yiminigen Irlandiyen yettazgaren agaraw (oct'an). Si 1891 gher 1910, azal n tis r'eb‚a n yiminigen Irlandiyen
ir'uh'en gher Temrikt kkan-d seg yikuntiyen-nni yes‚an at'as n yemdanen yettmeslayen tirlandit. Dgha anect-a yesskan-d d akken
imsiwlen n tirlandit llan ttasen-d gher Temrikt s wat'as di tallit-nni ay d-id'efren Laz' ameqqran n Irland.
Ttbut ghef ukemmel n usseqdec n tirlandit deg Yiwunak Yedduklen :
Tirlandit ur tughal ara d tutlayt yesseqdac wegdud irlandi di Temrikt akken ay llant tutlayin
nnid'en n lgherba. D acu kan, yella wayen ay d-yesskanen d akken tirlandit ur tengir ara mad'i wanag tella tettidir tedreg
gher kra n medden. At'as n teftarin yuran ay d-ibedren d akken llant kra n twaculin akk d trebba‚ ay ikemmlen sseqdacent tirlandit
mbe‚d ma wwd'ent-d gher Temrikt. Dgha nezmer ad naf isallen ghef trebba‚ i‚ezlen yettmeslayen tirlandit ama deg yeghmisen,
ama di tsufagh (publications) yuran s tirlandit, ama di tebratin negh deg yeghmisen udmawanen, ama deg wayen d-uran yemrabd'en
n Yir'umyen ay yellan sseqdacen tirlandit di teklizt (t'glise). Anect-a akk yesskan-d d akken tirlandit tella mazal-itt d tutlayt
tamuddirt ghut wat'as n yiminigen.
Dgha nettwali d akken ilaq ad d-nefk kra n yimedyaten (exemples) ibanen akken ad d-nessken anect-a
akken ilaq. Di 1852, asertay (politicien) n New York, David Nagle ay d-ilulen di Irland, yessemter-asen (yens'eh') i yimeqqranen
n ukabar-yines ad asen-ttaznen i Yirlandiyen ay bghan ad ten-fernen (voter) "irgazen ay ifehhmen tutlayt tirlandit yernu ttmeslayen-tt
mlih', imi d tin ay d tutlayt ay fehhmen mlih' yernu d tin i yes nezmer ad nh'az ulawen n Yirlandiyen. Tugh, tutlayt-a fkan-as
azal meqqren Yikat'uliyen* (catholiques) ay izedghen deg Yiwunak (Etats) [imarikaniyen] n wegmud' (ccerq) akk d tlemmast".
[Tuget tameqqrant deg Yirlandiyen d Ikat'uliyen, di lweqt i deg amur meqqren seg Yegliziyen akk
d Yimarikaniyen at las'el aglizi d ipr'utistaniyen].
Llant at'as n teftarin ay d-ibedren d akken llan yemrabd'en n Yir'umyen ay yellan sseqdacen tirlandit
akk d wid ay d-yettasen gher teklizin-nsen. Taklizt [takat'ulit] s yisem-is d tasudut (institution) werdjin tesnerna ifadden
i useqdec n tutlayt tirlandit negh teqbel anect-a. D acu kan, tiftarin ay d-ibedren d akken llan yemrabd'en n Yir'umyen yesseqdacen
tirlandit di teklizit, sskanent-d d akken kra n trebba‚ n Yirlandiyen n Temrikt llant h'wadjent amrabed' ara izemren ad isel
i uqirri-nsent (confession) s tutlayt-nsent tayemmat. Ulac ccek d akken iminigen-agi Irlandiyen llan ssnen citt' n teglizit
akken ad zemren ad afen leqdic, d acu kan, tamusni ay ssnen tutlayt-a ur tgerrez ara alamma ara zemren ad mmeslayen yis-s
i R'ebbi. Dgha d tirlandit ay llan sseqdacen i waya.
Yiwen n umaru n tallit-nni, I.D. Rupp, yura-d d akken di trebba‚ tirlandiyin n yikuntiyen n Schuylkil
akk d Carbon, di Pennsylvania, [deg Yiwunak Yedduklen], "amur meqqren di medden d Ikat'uliyen, yernu s‚an imrabd'en ay sen-yettmeslayen
s tutlayt tirlandit, yugh lh'al d tin ay d tutlayt ay tettmeslay tuget deg yiqeddacen". John Neumann ay yellan d abesku (t'vÍque)
n Philadelphia si 1851 gher 1860, yernu d amesnilsi (linguiste) almani, yufa d akken ilaq fell-as ad yelmed tirlandit akken
ad yemmeslay akk d wid ay d-yettasen gher teklizt-is. Abesku n temdint n Charleston, John England, ay yemmuten deg useggas
n 1842, las'el-is si temdint n Cork, di Irland yernu asmi yella iqeddec di Temrikt, yefka-yas azal meqqren i tutlayt yernu
yella yettwali d akken Irlandiyen ay d-yekkren yis-s ttalasen ad asen-mmeslayen yemrabd'en n Yir'umyen s tutlayt-nsen di yal
amkan i deg yezmer ad yettwaxdem waya. Deg yiwet n tebrat ay s-yura i O'Connell, yenna-yas : "‚ni yed'lem ufellah' irlandi
... ma yesmenyaf tutlayt n lejdud-is ghef tin n wid ay t-iqemren (opprimer) ?". Di 1851, amseghdad (missionnaire) Andrew Talty
ay d-ilulen di Clare, mbe‚d ma yeqdec akk d yibennayen di Virginia Tutrimt (tagherbit), yessemter-as (yens'eh') i yemd'ebber
n ugherbaz i deg yeghra di Dublin (di Irland) akken ad yecred' "si yal amrabed' ara d-yasen gher tmurt-a (Tamrikt) ad
yelmed citt' n tirlandit ... yernu wid yessnen seg-s yagi citt'ah', ad ‚erd'en ad cfun fell-as mlih'".
Assider n tirlandit di lgherba :
Deg wezgen wis sin n lqern wis tse‚t'ac, bdan xeddmen Yirlandiyen ussisen (efforts) akken ad
as-gen leqrar i tutlayt-nsen di Temrikt. J.D. Beunker, N.C. Burckel, R.W. Lubomyr akk d A.T. Wynar ur d-bdiren ara akk tirlandit
deg wayen d-jem‚en d isallen ghef yeghmisen akk d tesghuni ay d-ssuffughen yegduden yettidiren deg Yiwunak Yedduklen. D acu
kan, seg yiseggasen n 1850 d asawen, bdan a d-teffghen yimagraden s tirlandit deg yeghmisen ay tt'fen Yirlandiyen yettidiren
di Temrikt, asmi ay bdant a d-ttawd'ent lmujat timezwura n yiminigen-nni yent'erren si Laz' Ameqqran. D aghmis n The Irish
American ay d amenzu ay yebdan yessuffugh-d tighawsiwin yuran s tirlandit di teghmert-is (rubrique) n tutlayt. Sakin, ughalen
yeghmisen nnid'en am The American Celt (n Saint Louis), The Citizen (n Chicago) akk d The Irish Echo (n Boston) si ger yeghmisen
ay d-yessuffughen digh imagraden s tirlandit. Anect-a yessawed' alammi ay d-ttusbedden ula d igezda (dt'partements) n tutlayt
tirlandit di tesdawiyin timarikaniyin deg yiseggasen n 1880, ma di 1888, tebder-d yiwet n tesghunt d akken llan 44 n yeghmisen
ay yettekkan deg wesnerni n tirlandit di Temrikt merr'a.
Imir-n tebda tesdawit teggar tamawt i wanect-a, yernu deg yiwen webrid fkan yemnuda (chercheurs)
azal i unadi ghef tutlayin akk d yidelsan iseltiyen (celtes) u di 1895 yettusebded-d yiwen n ugezu di tesdawit takat'ulit
n Washington i lmend n waya. Kra seg wudmawen imeqqranen n tesdawit am F.L.O. Roehrig (n Cornell) akk d T.J. Shahan (tesdawit
takat'ulit) ttekkan mlih' di leqdicat n umussu (mouvement) n ussider n tutlayt, yernu isemmed'ranen (reflexions) yecban win
ay d-yura Dr. Shahan di 1894, "Ad d-nessukkset tutlayt tirlandit", d wid ay yughalen tt'uqqten di tallit-nni.
Di 1853, yessebded-d Patrick Tierney (si Cavan) tiddukla tamenzut iqeddcen ghef tutlayt tirlandit
deg Yiwunak Yedduklen. Di 1861, Tiddukla n Ossian* (Ossian Society) tessebded-d afurk di New York ay yebdan a d-yessuffugh
kra n yedlisen n tutlayt tirlandit ay yuran zik s ufus. D acu kan, assider n tutlayt tirlandit ur yennerna ara alammi d asmi
ay d-yewwed' Michael O Lochain, ay d-ilulen di Galway, gher Yiwunak Yedduklen, dgha d win umi semman kra "win ay d-yerz'an
asalu i umussu n tutlayt tirlandit di Temrikt". Seg wasmi ay d-yewwed' O Lochain gher Temrikt, deg useggas n 1870, ara iqeddec
s leh'r'ar'a, yessebded-d yiwen n weghmis i lmend n ussider u yeqqim iqeddec ghef ussuffegh-yines alammi d asmi yemmut deg
useggas n 1894.
[Ossian d amedyaz ikusi (t'cossais) aqbur, tiddukla-ya n tsekla taseltit semman-tt ghef yisem-is].
O Lochain iga-yasen ifadden i yiminigen akken ad d-ssebedden tiddukliwin i lmend n weh'raz akk
d tririt n ter'wih't i tirlandit yernu at'as n medden ay d-yerran i teghri-yines u dindin kan sbedden-d tineghra (classes)
akken ad slemden deg-sent tirlandit. Tiddukla tamenzut i lmend n wem‚iwen ger n Yiseltiyen sbedden-tt-id di Boston, di 1873
yernu iswiyen-yines nitni d asnerni n tutlayt tirlandit, tasekla-s akk d uz'awan (musique). Citt'ah' kan mbe‚d, bdant a d-ttnulfunt
tiddukliwin ay tt-yecban di tmiwa merr'a n tmurt, yernu asmi ara iteddu lqern wis 19 akken ad ifak, yufa-d lh'al nnulfant-d
tiddukliwin am tigi di temdinin merr'a i deg llant trebba‚ timeqqranin n Yirlandiyen. Ger n 1874 akk d 1886, setta d xemsin
n tiddukliwin am tigi ay d-yennulfan deg Yiwunak Yedduklen.
Tiddukliwin-agi llant qeddcent yal ta i yiman-is, d acu kan llan ttemyarunt wagar-asent deg weghmis
n An Gaodhal ay yellan d aghmis aghelnaw n tiddukliwin-nni merr'a. D acu kan, ur nez'ri ara sani tewwed' teghri n umussu-yagi,
anwa ay s-yeslan akk d wamek th'uza tudert n trebba‚ n Yirlandiyen yettidiren di Temrikt.
Tiddukliwin-agi merr'a llant s‚an yiwen kan n yeswi di llsas - asnerni n tutlayt. Tamend'awt
(constitution) n tiddukla n Brooklyn tebder-d d akken "Tiddukla-yagi ad tes‚u iswi n weh'raz akk d wezra‚ n tirlandit seg
yilsawen n medden". Nnig n usselmed n tutlayt tirlandit, tiddukliwin-agi qedcent digh i lmend n usselmed n tedrest (ccd'eh')
tirlandit, uz'awan akk d tmedyazt n tutlayt tirlandit, am wakken ay llan lemmden medden ghur-sent amezruy n Irland akk d kra
n tedyanin yemgerraden i yes zemren ad fehmen medden izri (passt') n Irland.
Amussu n tutlayt deg Yiwunak Yedduklen tekkan deg-s wid yiminigen ay d-yekkren ttmeslayen tirlandit
am wakken ay ttekkan deg-s kea seg wid yettmeslayen taglizit ay yebghan ad ttekkin di leqdic n ussider. Tuget deg yiselmaden
n tutlayt llan seg wid ay d-yekkren s tirlandit, d acu kan tikwal, llan kra n yinelmaden ay yessawd'en ad lemden mlih' amek
ara mmeslayen tirlandit u ad tt-ttmeslayen am wid ay d-yekkren yis-s. Di 1894, yenna-d O Lochain, ay yettekkan di tiddukla
n Brooklyn, "iselmaden-nnegh seg wid-n akken yeghran ghur-negh".
D acu kan, nezmer ad naf anda nnid'en "Agherbaz n Providence ... yes‚a sin seg yiselmaden imalayen
(meilleurs) akk n tirlandit di tmurt, Massaw Henehan akk d O'Casey, yernu wigi seg wid ay d-yekkren yis-s".
Yugh lh'al, ur nez'ri ara s ttbut ma llan Yirlandiyen-agi yettekkan deg ussider ttmeslayen mlih'
tirlandit negh ala. Ghef leh'sab n wayen d-yenna O Lochain deg weghmis n Brooklyn AGM, yella yew‚er' fell-asen [di tiddukla]
ad d-afen wid-n ilaqen akken ad ten-ssersen deg yimukan imens'aben (officiels) [n tiddukla], "imi alugen (rŤgle) n tiddukla
d win ay d-yeqqaren d akken ula d yiwen ur yettazmar ad d-yettwafren ala kan ma yella yettsellik-itt deg usiwel n tutlayt
tirlandit". Anect-a yesskan-d d akken ala kan citt'ah' seg yimaslad'en n tiddukla n Brooklyn ay yellan seg wid d-yekkren s
tutlayt tirlandit.
Tiddukla n Philadelphia ay d-sbedden tlata n Yirlandiyen ay d-yekkren s tutlayt-nsen di Yunyu
n 1884 ala kan s tirlandit ay tella txeddem akk tighawsiwin-ines. Ula d tiddukla-nni tirlandit n New York tebder-d d akken
d tirlandit ay d tutlayt i yes tqeddec s umata. Deg wayen d-yettwaran ghef tfaska (festival) tirlandit ay d-yettilin yal aseggas
di New York, nezmer ad nger tamawt d akken ala kan citt' n teglizit ay yettuseqdacen ghur tiddukla-yagi. Dgha nezmer ad d-nini
d akken asseqdec n tirlandit sdaxel n tdukliwin-agi yesskan-d d akken llan at'as seg wid yettekkan deg-sent ay yessnen ad
tt-mmeslayen. Di kra n tdukliwin, tuget seg wid yettekkan d wid ay ilemmden tirlandit, wanag di tiyad', amur meqqren deg yimeltaghen-nsen
(adht'rants) seg wid ay d-yekkren s tutlayt tirlandit, dgha d tirlandit ay llan sseqdacen-tt wagar-asen.
Ghef wakken nezmer ad nwali, tiddukliwin-a llant jebbdent-d akk medden, ama d imeqqranen negh
d imect'ah'. Dgha ach'al d abrid ay d-yebder O Lochain deg wutt'unen n weghmis n An Gaodhal d akken at'as seg yimeltaghen
n tiddukla n Brooklyn ttawin-d igerdan-nsen yid-sen akken ad h'edr'en di temliliyin. Ma d amaru (secrt'taire) n tiddukla n
Philadelphia, John Robinson, yura-d d akken tiddukla-nsen tella "tes‚a tmanyin n yimeltaghen, seg yigerdan n seb‚a n yiseggasen
alamma d imgharen, yernu merr'a ssnen ad ghren negh ad mmeslayen s tutlayt n lejdud-nsen".
D acu kan, ur nez'ri ara amek tella tegnit n yimeltaghen n tiddukliwin-a di tmetti (socit'tt').
Tomas O'Neill Ruiseal yenna-d deg yiwen n umagrad ay d-yeffghen di Dublin Journal d akken medden yettekkan deg yigherbazen
n tutlayt ti Temrikt llan merr'a seg yigellilen imeqqranen akk ay d-yusan si Irland. Ma d O Lochain yeskaddeb aya u yenna-d
d akken igellilen am wigi llan ur a ttekkayen ara ula di trebba‚ n Yirlandiyen ighriben ughaf ad ten-‚eqlen ldjiran-nsen d
acu-ten [r'uh'en amzun ttseth'in s las'el-nsen]. D acu kan, ur nefhim ara aygher Irlandiyen igellilen at'as llan ttseth'in
ad ten-z'ren medden deg trebba‚ tidelsanin n yeghriben, dgha nezmer ad nesteqsi iman-nnegh ma yella d lqella n cci ay ten-yeddjan
ad sseth'in s yiman-nsen, negh sseth'an lemmer ad ttekkin di terba‚t iqeddcen ghef tutlayt-nsen ? Wissen digh ma llan kra
n yeghriben ttah'qaren wid yellan ttnadin ad lemmden tutlayt-nsen di lgherba ? Negh digh wissen ma yella wid yellan tta‚rad'en
ad snernin tutlayt-nsen ttihin yis-sen wiyad' imi ay ttwalin d akken tirlandit d tutlayt umi d-yeqqim kan webrid n uz'ekka
? Ma yella llant lumur' am wakka, dgha anect-a yesskan-d d akken llan medden rran lbal-nsen gher temsalt n tutlayt, yernu
nezmer ad nwali d akken medden llan bd'an d tirebba‚ deg wayen yerzan amek llan ttwalin tutlayt-nsen, dgha llan kra h'eqren-tt
mad'i, kra ur d-cli‚en ara seg-s ma d wiyad' tella-yasen mlih' deg wul yernu qeddcen fell-as akken zemren.
Amussu n ussider n tutlayt di Temrikt d win yeqqnen mlih' daghen gher win ay d-yellan di Irland.
Iqeddacen irlandiyen yellan di lgherba ttekkan ama s wul, ama s yedrimen i lmend n ussider n tutlayt di Irland. Yugh lh'al,
assider n tutlayt tirlandit di Temrikt ay d-ilul uqbel ma yewwed' gher Irland, yernu asmi yexsi umussu n ussider di Irland,
win n Temrikt ikemmel yedder mbe‚d-is. Assider n tirlandit di Temrikt yebda yettughal yedjhed deg yiseggasen n 1870,
wanag win n Irland alammi d taggara n yiseggasen n 1880 ay yebda yettagh az'ar di tmurt. Di 1883, nnan-d deg weghmis n Freeman's
Journal d akken Irlandiyen n Temrikt ifen wid yeqqimen di Irland awwi rran lbal-nsen gher tutlayt : "Deg wayen yerzan tutlayt-nsen,
arraw n tmurt-nnegh di Marikan ddjan mlih' gher deffir Irlandiyen yettidiren di tmurt". Dgha di lweqt i deg ughalen medden
ur d-cli‚en ara si tutlayt di Irland mbe‚d ma d'rant tedyanin-nni meqqren n yiseggasen n 1910, di Temrikt, assider n tutlayt
yeqqim alammi d taggara n yiseggasen n 1920 akk d tezwara n yiseggasen n 1930.
Tasghunt n An Gaodhal:
Tasghunt n An Gaodhal ay yellan tteffegh-d yal aggur s snat n tutlayin, tirlandit akk d teglizit,
si 1881 alamma d 1904 d O Lochain ay tt-id-yesbedden yernu tes‚ ddur' meqqren deg ussider n tutlayt tirlandit. Si tama, teldi-yasen
abrid i wid yettarun s tirlandit akken ad ttarun deg-s s tutlayt-nsen, si tama nnid'en, tasghunt-a tella-d d tin ay yesduklen
akk tughac n Yirlandiyen yettidiren di Temrikt. Tasghunt-a tella tes‚a s umata sett'ac n yisebtar yernu qrib anect-a ay tes‚a
n yimagraden (articles) s tirlandit ay tes‚a s teglizit. Tasgunt-a tella tqeddec i lmend n "weh'raz d wesnerni n tutlayt tirlandit
akk d leqdic i lmend n tfulmant (autonomie) n weghlan (nation) irlandi."
Assuffegh n tesghunt-agi yennerna mlih' imi "1000 n wudmawen (exemplaires) ... ay yellan teffghen-d
seg-s yal aggur deg useggas-is amezwaru, yernu seg yimir-n ara yettnerni usuffegh yines alammi d ass-a, mi akka ara d-teffghen
seg-s 2880 n wudmawen". D acu kan, tasghunt-a n tutlayt tirlandit tella tes‚a ala kan 400 n yimagazen (abonnt's) di Dublin
di 1887. Tasghunt-a tella tessuffugh-d isefra, tizlatin (chansons), tibratin akk d tgejda (t'ditorials) s tutlayt tirlandit,
yernu yiwen si leqdicat ay llan xeddmen di tallit-nni netta d alqad' n ufuleklur' irlandi. Dgha llan-d wat'as seg wid yettekkayen
di tesghunt-a ay d-yuznen timucuha d tem‚ayin, isefra, timse‚raq akk d dde‚wat s tutlayt tirlandit, d tid i ghef mazal cfan
wat yiles irlandi yettidiren di Temrikt. Anect-a yefka-d at'as n tghawsiwin ara yezzhun wid yessnen ad ghren tirlandit.
Tasghunt-a tella tessuffugh-d digh timsirin (leÁons) i wid ur nettmeslay tirlandit akken ad bdun
ad lemmden tutlayt-a, yernu at'as n tebratin ay d-yettwaznen (yettucegg‚en) i An Gaodhal qqaren-d deg-sent medden d akken
timsirin-a llant s‚ant azal ameqqran imi ay tt‚awanent medden ad issinen u ad ghren ad arun tutlayt tirlandit.
An Gaodhal d tasghunt ay d agh-d-yemmalen mlih' amek llan ttxemmimen wid yes‚an tutlayt tirlandit
deg wulawen-nsen yernu tugh sin n yiberdan i lmend n wesnerni n tutlayt. Si tama, tasghunt-a tessuli-yas azal-is i tutlayt
tirlandit, tcekker'-d timmer'kantit-yines, ccbah'a-s akk d umezruy-is aqbur yernu tetta‚rad' ad tqenne‚ medden d akken zemren
ad d-kksen ibughar (lfaydat) meqqren si tutlayt-a. Si tama nnid'en, tella tesghunt-a tekkat-d digh deg wid ur nett‚awan ara
tirlandit yernu tettwali-ten xed‚en tamurt-nsen rnan xed‚en iman-nsen.
Abrid amenzu ay tugh An Gaodhal i lmend n ussider n tutlayt netta d leqdic akken ad d-ssakin
medden ghef ugerruj ay d-teddja tutlayt tirlandit i wegdud-is. Tasghunt-a tella tessutur si medden ad as-gen leqrar "i ugerruj
ghlayen n yiwet n tutlayt zeddigen, idjehden, icebh'en yernu meqqer ccan-is". Tella tesghunt-a tettwali tutlayt tirlandit
d ajgu alemmas n tz'uri (art) d wesnulfu akk d tlelli n Yirlandiyen yernu ma yesr'uh' wegdud tutlayt-a, ula d tamusni-nsen
ad tr'uh'. "Aghlan (ldjens) yettaken afus di tutlayt-is ad tr'uh' gher wegrireb ad yesr'uh' ula d ah'ric yelhan akk di tamusni-yines
u ad yughal d akli n tmusni n wiyad'". Dgha tutlayt teddja medden, si tama, ad d-snulfun taz'uri (art) ifazen [tasekla, tizlatin,
atg.], dgha anect-a yerra-ten fer'h'en ama s yiman-nsen, ama s wayen d-xeddmen, si tama nnid'en, tutlayt teldi-yasen digh
abrid i medden akken ad issinen ayen xedmen wid ay ten-yezwaren. Dgha ala kan d abaghur (lfayda) ay izemren ad asen-d-yekk
i Yirlandiyen mi ara ttekkin deg ussider n tutlayt-nsen, yernu leqdic n ussider n tutlayt "d win ay qqnen mlih' gher umezruy
aqbur, d win yes‚an azal meqqren di tnettit n weghlan-nnegh (nation) yernu d win yeqqnen digh mlih' s ayen uran Yirlandiyen
di zzman aqbur". Tirlandit tezmer ad tesselmed i medden at'as n tghawsiwin, ur ttazmaren ara ad tent-lemden s tutlayin nnid'en.
Amezruy akk d tezlatin n Irland s tirlandit ay llan a ten-ttarun; s tutlayt-a ay nezmer ad nissin agles (antiquitt') n yiri
(race) irlandi, n yiz'uran-is akk d umezruy-is".
Ighelnaz'riyen (nationalistes) irlandiyen iqeddcen deg yinurar merr'a, ama d wid n yedles, wid
n tsertit, wid n tdamsa (t'conomie) akk d yimeghnasen, merr'a ughalen dduklen i lmend n ussider akk d u‚iwen n tutlayt, d acu
kan, yemgerrad (yemxallaf) wemkan ay d as-tefka yal tarba‚t deg yimenghi-yines i tutlayt tirlandit. At'as seg yighelnaz'riyen
irlandiyen ay yellan ker'hen mlih' s kra n tghawsa yeqqnen gher teglizit akk d Yegliziyen, dgha d anect-a ay yeddjan imenghi
i lmend n tutlayt ad yekcem s annar n tsertit. Deg yiwet n tebrat ay yura P.J. O'Hanlon i Tiddukla Taseltit n Brooklyn, yewwet-d
deg-s bab-is deg Yegliziyen ara yetta‚rad'en ad hudden tutlayt tirlandit yernu idu‚a-yas i R'ebbi ad d-yesse‚jel ass i deg
ara d-rren ttar' Yirlandiyen ghef wayen sen-xedmen yemdanen-agi yettwane‚len. Tasghunt n An Gaodhal tella teggar-d digh tighri
sya gher da i medden akken ad ‚iwnen tirebba‚ tigrawalin ara itgen tagrawla (rt'volution) i lmend n ussuffegh n Yegliziyen
s yighil si Irland. Dgha tbedder-d tesghunt-agi d akken ula d tagrawla tirlandit d tin ay iqeddcen digh i lmend ussukkes (assemne‚)
n tutlayt tirlandit.
Asmi ay ddmen yighelnaz'riyen irlandiyen tutlayt tirlandit u rran-tt d azamul n tnettit-nsen
taghelnawt (identitt' nationale) yed'ra-d ubeddel meqqren deg umezruy n tutlayt-a. Wid yettekkan deg umussu n tutlayt sbedden-d
tinettit yemgerraden ghef tin n Yirlandiyen imensayen (traditionnels), n menwala. Dgha xelqen-d amd'al (monde) adelsan yemgerraden
s wat'as ghef win n yifellah'en-nni ines'liyen yettmeslayen tirlandit. Ayen n d iri i yes d-yegla wanect-a ghef tutlayt ad
d-nemmeslay fell-as ticki u ad t-nqaren akk d tghawsiwin yelhan i yes d-yegla umussu n ussider n tutlayt.
Tughal tutlayt d nettat ay d iles agaman (naturel) n medden. D nettat ay d azamul n tnettit,
yernu d nettat ay yettaran amdan irlandi "d aterras (individu) n tidet yernu d amaslad' (membre) yettekkan deg wegdud ibanen.
Ma tr'uh' tutlayt tirlandit, ur d-mazal ara medden zemren ad d-inin d akken d Irlandiyen ay llan. Marcus Mac Mhaird iger-d
tighri i lmend n weh'raz n "ugerruj imqeddes (sacrt') ay d-yettwawer'ten sghur lejdud" yernu yenna-d d akken tutlayt tirlandit
d nettat ay d "azamul yernu d ta‚essast n teghlent-nsen (nationalitt')". Dgha yura-d : "Ma yella d tidet nes‚a tamurt, dgha
ilaq ad nh'emmel tutlayt-nni tanes'lit ay d agh-d-tesselmed. Ma nebgha ad nughal d ldjens yettment'aren, ur nes‚i tamurt,
d agdud ur nes‚i amezruy, ur nes‚i ayla, ur nes‚i isegh (honneur) wala azal, ihi lh'ut-n ad nettu tutlayt-nnegh".
Di lweqt i deg amussu n tutlayt yerbeh'-d imdanen imaynuten deg wennar n tsertit, ad yili yesr'uh'
digh at'as n yemdanen nnid'en ay yellan bghan ad ttekkin di leqdic ghef tutlayt, maca ur ten-‚djibent ara tikta n yighelnaz'riyen
isertiyen negh imeghnasen. Ighelnaz'riyen ur llin ara kkaten-d kan deg Yegliziyen, wanag llan kkanten-d ula deg Yirlandiyen
yettmeslayen taglizit. Dgha yella O Lochain yeqqar-d d akken Irlandiyen merr'a yettmeslayen taglizit d wid ixed‚en tamurt-nsen
: "Ass-a nettmeslay-d s tidet-nnegh yernu nez'ra ayen d-neqqar, neqqar-d s teqseh' ... d akken s kra n Yirlandi ay d-yettmeslayen
ghef yimenghi i lmend n weghlan (nation) irlandi, yili netta yeqqen allen-is ghef tutlayt ay t-yeddjan ad yili d yiwen seg
Weghlan-agi, nekni nettwali d akken ulac lxelq ay yuklalen ad yettwakr'eh kter'-is di ddunit". D acu kan, anect-a yesskan-d
digh d akken assider n tutlayt d win ay yellan yes‚a azal meqqren yernu qedcen fell-as medden s leh'r'ar'a, imi ma nenna-d
d akken iminigen irlandiyen wwd'en alammi ay ddan akk d umussu ay yettwalin deg wid ur nettmeslay tirlandit d ixabiten ay
ixed‚en tamurt-nsen, anect-a yesskan-d d akken llan qeddcen seg wul-nsen ghef tutlayt tirlandit.
Ighelnaz'riyen llan ttwalin d akken ma wwten-d di teglzit, ad ssiwd'en ad qenn‚en medden d akken
d tirlandit ay d-yekkan nnig-s. Dgha llan qqaren-d d akken taglizit d tutlayt n umesbat'li [amennekcam], yernu seg wakken
terra Irlandiyen di rrif alammi ay yughal ula d azal-nsen ur yettawed' ara anect n win n waklan : "S kra n Yirlandi ur nessin
ara tutlayt n tmurt-is d akli n Yegliziyen ay yella ... d anect-a, yerra tamgerd't-is s ddaw n uzaglu asaksi [aglizi]". Llan
ttwalin taglizit d tutlayt n yiweh'ciyen di lweqt i deg tirlandit d tutlayt n tgherma, yernu s wanect-a ay llan yighelnaz'riyen
a ttnadin ad d-ssakin medden ghef tuccd'a ay gan imi ay ddjan tirlandit u bghan ad ten-qenn‚en akken ad ughalen ghur-s. D
acu kan, tamughli-nsen tr'uh' amzun d tin ay yeqqaren i medden "ddut-d yid-negh neghmulac d i‚dawen ay tellam". O Lochain
yella yettwali d akken amdan d win ay ilaqen ad yefren abrid-is, ad yili yedda d tutlayt tirlandit negh mgal-ines, yernu win
ifernen ad yeddu d tirlandit d win ay ilaqen ad yeddj s kra n wayen yeqqnen gher teglizit akk d Yegliziyen.
Yugh lh'al, ad ilin llan Yirlandiyen yettmeslayen taglizit akk d tirlandit, maca d taglizit ay
sseqdacen di tudert-nsen, ma d tirlandit ur iban wamek tt-ttwalin, ur rghin fell-as, ur tt-kr'ihen. Ad ilin fkan-d tamezz'ught
i umussu n tutlayt, imi ay yeldi abrid i temlilit ger medden yernu yeddja-ten digh umussu-yagi ad issinen tim‚ayin d tezlatin-nsen
n zik. D acu kan, awal aqesh'an ay d-qqaren kra mgal-nsen yesserwel-iten ghef ussider n tutlayt.
Ayen i yes d-yegla ussider :
Nez'ra d akken llan at'as n Yirlandiyen yettmeslayen tirlandit ay yellan ttidiren deg Yiwunak
Yedduklen di tgara n lqern wis tse‚t'ac. Di lweqt i deg yel‚eb umussu n ussider ddur' meqqren deg usaki n medden akken ad
rren ddhen-nsen gher tutlayt, yella digh ilaq fell-as ad yeqdec akken ara d-yerbeh' lem‚awna n medden yettmeslayen tirlandit
akken ad yessiwed' s iswi-s. Ma yella ur yessawad' ara umussu ad iqenne‚ medden akken ad as-gen leqrar i tutlayt-nsen, amussu-ya
ad yidir kan skud mazal taghelnaz'rit tirlandit tett‚awan-it, dgha asmi ara d-yawed' wass i deg imenghi aghelnaz'ri ur yetteh'widji
ara tirlandit, ass-nni ula d assider ad yemmet. Dgha d anect-nni ay yed'ran s tidet ama di Irland, ama di Temrikt, d acu kan
amussu n Temrikt yerna yedder kra n yiseggasen sdeffir n win n Irland. Asmi kan tessawed' Irland ad tawi azarug-is (indt'pendance)
yernu yettussebded-d dinna "Uwanek Ilelli" (Etat Libre), ssuffghen yighelnaz'riyen tutlayt tirlandit si tesmektayt-nsen (agenda).
Ifuk nnfe‚-yines.
Ma di Temrikt, ikemmel ussider n tutlayt alammi d iseggasen n 1920. Ur nez'ri ara ma yella taluft-nni
tameqqrant n tdamsa (t'conomie) ay ih'uzan ddunit di tgara n yiseggasen n 1920 d nettat ay d ssebba ay yenghan amussu n ussider
n tirlandit di lgherba, d acu kan, ghef wakken nettwali, tezmer taluft-a ad tili tel‚eb ddur' meqqren deg wanect-a. Am wakken
digh ur nez'ri ara ma bdan ttanqasen wid yett‚awanen amussu n ussider asmi ay yeffegh yimenghi i lmend n tlelli n Irland gher
tafat. Maca mi ara nwali d akken amussu yellan di Temrikt yedder ugar n win yellan di Irland, nezmer ad nz'er d akken ayen
i yes d-yegla weh'bas n yimenghi aserti di Irland yemgerrad ghef wayen i yes d-yegla di Temrikt i wid yellan qeddcen ghef
yedles.
Rnu-yas s anect-a, deg yiseggasen n 1920 d 1930 yufa-d lh'al amur meqqren seg yiminigen-nni yettekkan
deg ussider n tutlayt deg yiseggasen n 1870 mmuten, dgha ula d anect-a yezmer ad yili d ssebba nnid'en i lmut n umussu-yagi.
Tisuta-nni (ledjyal) ay d-id'efren n yiminigen ur tt'uqqten ara deg-sent wid yessnen ad mmeslayen mlih' tirlandit, dgha nezmer
ad nefhem s wanect-a d akken iselmaden akk d yemd'ebbren-nni iqburen n tiddukliwin fuken wid ara ten-id-ixelfen akken ad kemmlen
leqdic. Iminigen-nni ay ikemmlen ttawd'en-d mbe‚d n 1900 yufa-d lh'al th'uza-ten teglizit ugar n yiminigen-nni ay ten-yezwaren.
Nnig waya, iminigen-agi imaynuten ufan-n di Temrikt tisuta n yiminigen ay izedghen dinna yernu rran taglizit d nettat ay d
tutlayt-nsen tawh'idt, yernu fernen ur ttmeslayen ara s tutlayt-nsen i warraw-nsen ay d-ilulen di lgherba [dgha imaynuten-nni
ddmen anect-a ghef yeqburen u ughalen ula d nitni xeddmen akka].
D acu kan, amussu n ussider yegla-d digh s tghawsiwin yes‚an azal meqqren i tutlayt tirlandit
imi ay d-yessuffegh tirlandit seg yexxamen -i deg llan medden sseqdacen-tt kan wagar-asen di twacult- yernu yessers-itt-id
s annar n berr'a. Amussu n ussider yessekcem digh tirlandit s agherbaz akk d tesdawit, anda ay d-lhan yid-s yimassanen. At'as
n yinawen (discours) am wid ay d-uran Roehrig akk d Shahan ay d-yeffghen s tirlandit yernu ghran-ten medden. D acu kan, di
lweqt i deg at'as n wid yettmeslayen mlih' tirlandit llan ttekkan deg umussu n ussider n tutlayt, at'as n Yirlandiyen nnid'en
qqimen meb‚id n wanect-a, dgha yezmer lh'al ad ilin gan aya imi ay bdan a tth'ulfun d akken tirlandit d ayla kan n yimer'kaniyen,
yimassanen akk d yighelnaz'riyen. Iminigen ay yellan weh'len deg wuguren n tem‚ict di lgherba ad ilin h'ulfan i yiman-nsen
ttuh'ettmen ad lemden mlih' taglizit. Imi ay tughal tirlandit di lgherba d tin ay ibe‚den ghef yedles-nni amensay n yifellah'en
di Irland, yughal yeshel lh'al ghef Yirlandiyen ad sr'uh'en tutlayt-nsen u ad ddmen tayed' deg wemkan-is.
Ssebbat n webrir* n ussider
*abrir = t'chec
D tasghunt n An Gaodhal ay d-yellan d tala-nnegh tameqqrant i seg ay d-nugem isallen ghef wamek
llan medden ttwalin tutlayt tirlandit. At'as si trebba‚ n yiminigen ay yellan ttwalin d akken tutlayt d nettat ay d azamul
n tnettit-nsen taghelnawt, dgha gan-as mlih' leqrar asmi ay wwd'en gher Temrikt. D acu kan, iminigen irlandiyen ur llin si
ger wigi. Yugh lh'al, llant at'as n ssebbat yemcubbaken ay ten-yessawd'en ad beddlen tutlayt-nsen, nezmer ad d-nebder gar-asent
acla‚ ur d-cli‚en ara Yirlandiyen si tirlandit akk d uh'ebber'-nsen i lmend n welmad n tutlayt i yes ara ttcen aghrum. Yugh
lh'al, ula di tmurt-nsen, di Irland, tella tirlandit tettwah'qer u ttwalin-tt d tutlayt n yigellilen, d tutlayt i yes ttseth'in.
D ayen ibanen d akken ighilifen ay d-wwin yiminigen irlandiyen si Irland le‚ben ddur' di tiddjin n tutlayt tirlandit di Temrikt,
d acu kan, ad ilint llant ssebbat nnid'en ay yettekkan digh deg wanect-a.
Tamessedghart*
*tamessedghart = t'litisme
Tugh, yughal umussu n ussider n tutlayt d win ay ttwalin medden d tarba‚t n tedghet (t'lite),
n yemdanen iz'ewren, yes‚an amkan ‚layen di tmetti u rran tutlayt tirlandit d taghawsa takadimit i ghef llan ttnaghen yimassanen
akken ad awin cci‚a. Anect-a ad yili yesserwel at'as n wid yettmeslayen tirlandit ghef tutlayt-nsen. At'as seg yimassanen
n tirlandit ay yellan kkaten-d deg wiyad' ghef tirlandit ay sseqdacen yernu llan ttemyergamen deg yisebtar n An Gaodhal.
Deg yiwet n tebrat ay d-icegge‚ Padruic, yiwen seg wid ay yughen tanumi ttarun-d i tesghunt-a,
bab-is iger-d tighri i yimassanen akken ur d-kkaten ara deg yelmez'yen, wanag d ifadden ara d asen-snernin, yernu i‚eggen-d
d akken ilmez'yen llan tkukrun ad d-arun di An Gaodhal imi ttagaden ur d-iteffegh ara wayen d-uran. Dgha tegla-d tebrat-agi
s ubeddel meqqren imi at'as n medden umi yekkes ukukru yernu bdan ttarun s tutlayt-nsen.
Di tebratin n An Gaodhal nezmer ad nger tamawt i ukukru akk d tt'iq n lxat'er n medden deg wayen
yerzan tamusni n tira n tutlayt-nsen. Ula O Lochain iger-as tamawt i wugur-agi yernu yenna-d d akken yettruz'u-yasen ifadden
i medden akken ad sseqdacen tirlandit. Yewwed' yiwen seg wid ay d-yekkaten deg wiyad', An Goban Saor, alammi ay d-yewwet di
leqdic ay d-iteffghen s tirlandit di An Gaodhal u yenna-yas i O Lochain d akken ilaq ad inadi ghef yimassanen ara t-i‚iwnen
akken ad d-yessuffegh tasghunt-is. Yugh lh'al, O Lochain ur yeqbil ara tamughli-yagi u yerra-yas-d d akken netta yettnadi
kan ad tt'uqqten wid yettmeslayen tirlandit yernu ttarun-tt.
Tabr'at nnid'en ay d-iceyye‚ Mass Mac Suibhne si temdint n Mobile, nezmer ad naf deg-s dakken
wid yettmeslayen tirlandit llan ur s‚in ara laman deg yiman-nsen mi ara ttmeslayen negh ttarun tirlandit. (...)
Maca tabrat yessewhamen akk di tebratin ay ghef d-nsukk tit' d tin ay d-yura Anthony P.
Ward ay d-ilulen di Donegal u yezdegh di Philadelphia. Yurar ddur' meqqren deg ussebded n tiddukla n Philo-Celt Society di
Philadelphia yernu d yiwen seg yimeqranen deg terba‚t-nni iqedcen ghef ussider n tutlayt. Yella ih'emmel at'as aghmis n An
Gaodhal, u isemma-yas "d aghmis ay iqeddcen kan i lmend n wesnerni n tutlayt-iw tayemmat". D acu kan, yesh'assef imi ur yelli
ara yezmer ad yaru s tirlandit : "Sh'issifegh imi ur zmiregh ara ad awen-d-arugh aya s tirlandit. Zemregh ad temmeslayegh.
Zemregh digh ad tt-ghregh ... D acu kan, ur zmiregh ara ad ad arugh s tirlandit acku ur ssinegh ara akk taghdirawt-is
(orthographe)". Aggur kan sakkin, Antain Mac Mhaird yura-d yiwet n tebrat d taghezfant, s tirlandit, i weghmis n An Gaodhal.
Anect-a yesskan-d dakken imdanen am Ward llan s‚an akk tizemmar akk d tmussni i wakken ad gren iman-nsen deg
umussu (mouvement) n ussider n tutlayt, maca amussu-yagi yessiged-iten digh u yerra-ten ttkukrun, ttseth'in ad
d-arun s tutlayt-nsen imi ttagaden ad gen tuccd'iwin.
Naire - tutlayt tirlandit akk d useth'i :
Yiwet si ssebbat yessawad'en medden ad ddjen tirlandit netta d tah'eqranit ay tt-h'eqren yemdanen
n tserkemt (classe) talemmast d tserkemt taddayt (basse), meh'sub iminigen ilemmasen d yigellilen. At'as seg wid yessawalen
tirlandit qeblen dakken tutlayt-nsen ur tes‚i ara ccan am teglizit imi tirlandit sseqdacen-tt kan deg yexxamen-nsen n lh'if.
Deg yiwet n tebrat ay d-yura Patrick J. Duggan, si Hartford, Connecticut, yessefhem-d amek ay
h'eqren medden amussu (mouvement) n ussider n tirlandit d wamek ay ugin ad tt-id-smen‚en si nnger, imi ay walan dakken taglizit
d nettat ay d tutlayt n tikli gher sdat. Duggan yura-d : "Llan at'as n medden dagi ttmeslayen-tt [tirlandit] s yisel
iserrh'e, d acu kan, mi ara sen-d-tinid' ad neg amussu (mouvement) i wakk-n ad tt-neh'rez, dgha ad ttihin ula ghef ukemmel
n useqdec n tirlandit ula deg wawal. Yugh lh'al, nitni s timmad-nsen ttseth'in mi ara mmeslayen s tirlandit".
Padraic O Treasa ay izedghen di Nashua, New Hampshire yemmeslay-d digh ghef wugur-agi.
Yenna-d dakken ye‚red' ad d-yessebded agherbaz n tutlayt tirlandit anda akk-n yezdegh, maca ur yessawed' ara. Xas llan
wat'as n medden ay yettmeslayen tirlandit dinna. Yella yessen medden, ula d yiwen wawal s teglizit ur t-ssinen ara, maca llan ttseth'in
ad mmeslayen s tirlandit i wakk-n ur tent-tettah'qar ara tmetti (socit'tt') i deg ttidiren.
Tangaz'rit* :
*Matt'rialisme
O Lochain yella yettwali dakken d tt'me‚ n rrbeh' di lgherba ay yessawd'en iminigen ad ddjen
tirlandit. Ighad'-it lh'al at'as imi ay qqlen medden la ttwalin tirlandit d tutlayt n yigellilen d lqella n tmussni. Yella
ireffu mi ara iz'er dakken medden la nekkr'en tutlayt-nsen acku ttxemmimen dakken mi ara gen aya, ad yali ccan-nsen di tmetti.
Yella iqeddec dima i wakk-n ad iqenne‚ medden dakken tirlandit ur tuklal ara ad tt-h'eqren. D aya ay d iswi n wakk imagraden
ay d-yura i wakk-n ad d-yecker' lqedma d ccan meqqren ay tes‚a tirlandit.
Mass Mac Suibhne, ay izedghen di Mobile, Massachusetts, iger-d digh tamawt ghef wamek ay ttaddjan
medden tirlandit akk-n kan ara tebdu ad tettali yis-sen. Yenna-d dakken ur yefhim ara aygher Irlandiyen-agi llan h'eqren tutlayt-nsen.
Tizz'egz'ent* :
*Fatalisme
Iminigen llan la ttwalin dakken d taglizit ara ten-inef‚en ugar nitni d twaculin-nsen. Nnig n
tt'me‚-yagi Irlandiyen llan digh la ttwalin dakken tutlayt-nsen "tebda-d yagi abrid-is i wakk-n ad tenger", ur yenfi‚
wara ma yella h'ettmen iman-nsen ad tt-id-ssidren, dgha yelha kan ma yella d taglizit ara yawin amkan-is.
"Tirlandit ur k-tessawad' s acemma", akk-a ay d-yenna yiwen wergaz izedghen di tmurt, si Co. Louth. Ma d Mass O Suilleabhain,
yettmeslayen tirlandit, yura-d deg wedlis n tmeddurt-is (Fiche Bliain ag Fas) : "anwa ay yettmeslayen tirlandit menghir
tisehh'arin n ddunit ?".
Tomas O Commaighin, ay yettmeslayen digh tirlandit u yezdegh di Randolph, di Carolina n Ugafa,
yenna-d dakk-n medden llan ur a ttqadaren ara tirlandit acku llan la tt-ttwalin d tutlayt n yezri (passt'), d tutlayt
i‚edda zzman yernu ur tes‚i ara amkan-is deg ddunit tatrart (moderne).
Ur d-cli‚en ara :
Wid yellan la qeddcen ghef tutlayt zgan la d-ttcetkin dakken Irlandiyen ur d-cli‚en ara akk seg
wayen yellan la s-id'erru i tutlayt-nsen. Kra ighad-iten at'as n lh'al ghef waya yernu nnan-d dakk-n imdanen am wigi ur uklanen
ara tamagit-nsen (identitt') taghelnawt. Ula d A.P. Ward yewwet-d deg yiminigen n Philadelphia imi ur d-cli‚en ara si tirlandit.
Ur nezmir ara ad d-nini dakken wid ur nettekka ara di tiddukliwin n ussider n tirlandit llan
mgal (contre) n tirlandit, wanag llan kan ur a ttwalin ara lumur' akk-n ay tent-ttwalin wid yebghan ad d-ssidren tutlayt.
Nnig waya, imdanen-agi ur llin ara la ttwalin dakken ala d tutlayt tirlandit ay d llsas n tmagit-nsen taghelnawt, am wakk-n
ur h'siben ara tutlayt-a d lwer't ay sen-d-yeqqimen seg umezruy-nsen aqdim. Asmi ay ‚ezmer ad ddmen taglizit imi ay tt-walan
d tutlayt ara ten-inef‚en, gan aya mebla ma h'ulfan dakken xed‚en tamurt-nsen. Nezmer ad naf aya deg wayen ay d-yemmeslay
Peter O'Donnell s tirlandit deg yiwet n tlemmiz't (occasion) deg wemd'iq n tiddukla n Philo-Celt Society, di New York.
Yenna-d dakken tisutwin (ledjyal) i‚eddan asmi ur d-cli‚ent ara si tutlayt-nsent, ur ilaq ara ad tent-sd'elmen acku llant
d taklatin ur nez'ri ara sani ara tent-tessiwed' tiddjin n tutlayt-nsent. D acu kan, yewwet-d di tsutwin n
wass-a imi ara d-qqarent dakken a tutlayt ay mmeslayen kifkif.
Tagrayt* :
*conclusion
Iminigen llan ur msefhamen ara ghef taluft n tutlayt. Kra deg-sen ugin tirlandit ta‚inanit, wiyad'
kemmlen la tt-sseqdacen wagar-asen, ma d wiyad' gren iman-nsen deg leqdic i lmend n ussider, ah'raz d wesnerni n
tutlayt-nsen. Amussu (mouvement) n ussider n tutlayt tirlandit yesseb‚ed at'as n Yirlandiyen ghef yiman-is imi wid yellan
deg-s wwin-d tikli n temsedghart (t'litisme) i deg win ara ten-id-iwalin si berr'a ad yeh'seb dakken maci menwala kan ad yettekki
yid-sen, nnig waya, wid yellan deg umussu-yagi llan sseqdacen awal qessh'en deg wayen yerzan tutt'fa di las'el d tghelnaz'rit
(nationalisme), d ayen ay yesrewlen at'as n medden fell-asen. Irlandiyen si zik llan ttseth'in u ttagaden ad mmeslayen tirlandit,
dgha ula d anect-a yettekka deg useb‚ed n medden ghef usider. D acu kan, xas akk-n ttseth'in s tutlayt-nsen, Irlandiyen kemmlen
la tt-sseqdacen wagar-asen deg yexxamen-nsen d yimukan anda zedghen jmi‚. Dgha, xas ma yella iminigen irlandiyen di Marikan
ur llin ara mgal (contre) n tirlandit, maca maci merr'a ttekkan deg usider n tutlayt-nsen di lgherba. Iminigen llan zemren
ad ttekkin deg usider n tutlayt-nsen xas ma yella xtaren ad sseqdacen taglizit di tudert-nsen n yal ass, yernu llan kra ay
ixedmen akka. D acu kan, assider n tirlandit di lgherba yeh'bes, ur yessawed' ara s iswi (but) imi Irlandiyen ur slemden
ara tirlandit i yigerdan-nsen. Yugh lh'al, asmi ay xedmen Yirlandiyen aya, maci d kar'uh ay ker'hen tutlayt-nsen wanag
d nnfe‚-nsen ay nudan u xtaren tutlayt ara yeffghen fell-asen di lgherba.
Tasuqilt sghur Omar Mouffok
Amagrad-agi yettwaddem-d seg wemd'iq-a :
Ghret daghen :
Win yeslan ad yini i wiyad'
Arut-agh-d, gret-d tamawin-nwen, neqqar l‚eslama i s kra n tebrat ara
d agh-d-yawd'en sghur-wen.
Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen
BP 129, Poste Didouche Mourad
16006, Alger, Algt'rie


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text:
Mardi 30 novembre 2021
Imeḥbas n yiseɣ
Tizzayrit n 1962 ar wass-a, ur ɣ-teǧǧi ur ɣ-txellef. Nekni s Leqbayel ulac tin ur ɣ-tesbubb. Neqqel-as am ṭṭbel, win iran yesṭerbek. Ulac imḥaddan neɣ qlilit, ma d nekni ifassen d ilmawen! Ufan-aɣ abrid.
Aseggas-a yerna kra, yessawal i nnger. S kra ikka unebdu wten deg-neɣ ur cuḥḥen. Wwin imeɣnasen ar leḥbes, kksen-aɣ luksijin, ur qniɛen ara ssaɣen times i tmurt, skenfen argaz tameṭṭut, skenfen ulawen n wid i d yeqqimen. Lemmer ulac allalen itiknulujiyen imaynuten ara-d yesseknen lɛer-nsen, tili wten-aɣ-d s napalm, ad tefrun yid-neɣ ɣef yiwen webrid. A tt-xedmen am wulac, udmawen n lɛer ur yelli deg wacu ara setḥin.
Leḥkem ur nesɛi aḥkim, yeččur leḥbus d At Yiseɣ. Yeqqed tiwaculin-nsen. Ira ad yesseknu tuddsiwin-nsen. D leḥkem ungif! Yenwa s ddeq, s tyita, d leḥbes ara-d yessens times n timmeɣnest yekkren deg wulawen n Leqbayel, neɣ ahat ula n wiyaḍ. Yettu akken Aqbayli, iɛeqqel gma-s di teswiɛt n ddiq, iḥemmel-it, yettili ar yidis-is, i tettu cedda d wayen i t-yebḍan yid-s. Ihi yawi ar leḥbes neɣ yeqqim, mmi-s n laṣel ur yettbeddil.
Ass-a, ttaɛbiya teččur, rnan-d leqwanen imaynuten d ccnaq. Ldi-d imi-k, aru-d awal ur bɣin, a k-rren d arebrab, din yečča-k leḥbes. Ma drus! Ufan-d anda ara sefḍen lmus. Irebraben! Cwi kan, ssut n ddula n Lezzayer am yedrimen-is, ur teffɣen ara i tlisa, ttsewwiqen ala deg usekwaṛ. Imḍebbren-is, berrḥen, cemmten neɣ qqimen. Ur sen-d yesli yiwen. Uɣalen d taḍsa gar leǧnas. Anwi i k-yerran ay ajeɛbub d aftat!
Irgazen d tlawin i rran d irebraben nekni nessen-iten, nɛuzz-iten, d imeɣnasen, d tasuta uzekka, d At wawal. Ur nɣin ur ukiren. Tiktiwin-nsen, isenfar-nsen ssuffuɣen ala ar tafat. Ad d awin ala tifrat d talwit. ɣas akken yal yiwen d abrid i d yewwi, wa d timanit wayeḍ d azarug, ma d taqbaylit tesdukkel-iten, tger-asen irebbi. Imeɣnasen am Ḥemmu, Lunas, Ɛebdennur, Qamira, Raziq, Kamel, Leḥlu, Buɛziz, Muḥend-Crif, Mulud, Mexluf… d imeyyaten nniḍen, tiktiwin-nsen ẓẓant, uɣent. Tiktiwin-nsen d tid n tmurt n Leqbayel s umata. Ihi s kra n Uqbayli n laṣel d arebrab, ma tkemmel akka, a s-ifak yemru i lxuǧa.
Fket isem i tebɣim, cemtet akken tufam, imeḥbas-nneɣ n tesrtit d atmaten-nneɣ, d afud-nneɣ, d iseɣ-nneɣ, yes-sen ara tbedd tmurt. Yal cedda tettabaɛ-itt talwit. Adabu d wakraren-is, ilaq ad ḥsun akken Amezruy yessalay di ccan n yimeɣnasen yulin asawen s waɛrur, yettwaḥebsen, wid i yettwakkes wezref, yettwanɣan. S kra udabu amhersan yerran irgazen d tlawin d irebraben, agdud yettak-asen azal. Ilaq adabu ad yeḥsu amek i d yegra Mandela. Leḥkem amiḥyaf ulac tacmat ur s-yesbubb, ula d 27 iseggasen n leḥbes ur t-rẓin, ula d netta rran-t d arebrab. Tettum? Agdud azulu yessen-it, yettsuɣu yal ass: Mandela yid-k nella. Ula d Gandhi yettwarkeḍ, maca amek i d yegra ass-a i talsa. Amek i d yegra Mammeri, d azamul n tmaziɣt d tussna, tasdawit n Tizi Wezzu teṭṭef isem-is. Wid-nni akken i t-iregmen anda i d gran? D iceqfan yeffurmen, ttwaṭṭegren mi d uɣen ijdiden. Ula d De Gaulle rran-t Inaẓiyen d lḥukuma n Vichy d arebrab deg iseggasen n 40. Krim yestenyan ɣef uzarug n Lezzayer, d arebrab i t-yerra uwanek n De Gaulle yettun ansi i d yekka.
Akken i s neqqar: win iteddun ɣef tidet yessawaḍ. Ihi, tiktiwin n imeɣnasen-nneɣ yettwakerfen di leḥbus n tizzayrit n 62 ar wass-a, ad flalint, ad ǧǧuǧgent, ad fkent isegmi i talsa. Akken ma llan imeḥbusa-nneɣ n yiseɣ, xeddmen ɣef teqbaylit. Taqbaylit i ɣef yemmut Matoub. Taqbaylit i ɣef Yettwaḥbes Haroun d Baḥbouḥ d yemdukkal-nsen. Taqbaylit i ɣef yecna Chérif Kheddam d Slimane Azem. Taqbaylit ɣef i tura i tecna Taoues Amrouche d Feraoune. Imeḥbas-nneɣ i s-bɣan d zeddi n lqedd i teqbaylit. I ɣ-bɣan d tafat. Nekni iwwi-d a s-necfu, a sen-nerr lxir si tura. Issefk a nili ar yidis-nsen, ar twaculin-nsen, s wayen akk nezmer. Tilelli i yal ameḥbus n tesertit anda ma yella di Lezzayer neɣ deg umaḍal.
(*) Farid Benmokhtar d aselmad n tutlayt d yedles amaziɣ di tesdawit n Paris 8.

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


text:
Aṭas i yuzlen n wawal deffir n usemmi n yiwen webrid deg yeɣrem n Bgayet d tajmilt i wergaz aserti amuqqran i d-ǧǧa tmurt taqbaylit wagi d mass Muḥend ulḥusin n At Ḥmed.
Aṭas n isebtaren n Facebook d yegrawen n imeɣnasen i d-ibegnen lɣiḍ-nsen acimi talwiḥt agi n webrid, tella deg-s tira s snat tutlayin tijenṭaḍin tigi d tutlayt tafransist d tutlayt n taɛrabt maca ulac tira n tuylayt tayemmatt n Ḥusin At Ḥmed, maca d aɣebbaṛ s allen, imi aɣbel ameqqran mači d tira n teqbaylit i yulac, d ayen nniḍen.
Acu teffer temsalt agi n tutlayin ?
Aɣbel ameqqran akken, send ad ibeddel isem n webrid agi yella yerfed isem d tejmilt i tefsut taberkant d yelmeẓyen yettwanɣan s ṛsas n leɣdeṛ n ijadermiyen izayriyen. Acimi aselway n tɣiwant n bgayet n ukabar n FFS wagi d mas Mhenni Ḥadadou, i yekkes tajmilt i tefsut taberkant deg yeɣrem n bgayet ?
Acimi ur yekkis ara neɣ ur ibeddel ara isem i kra n webrid-nniḍen ?
Ad nesmekti kan, lekrehegha d dɣel n ukabar agi metwal azamul n tefsut taberkant, imi mas At Ḥmed yewwt-ed s yisem-is deg laɛrac deg wakud nni wid umi isemma « les fascistes », anda diɣ ttekkan deg tefranin tiɣiwaniyin n 2002 xas ulamma tamurt taqbaylit s lekmal-is tɣunza tifranin agi.
Win yebɣan ad yeffer amezruy d iman-is kan ara yeffer, acku amezruy n tefsut taberkant yura s yidammen n 127 d ameɣras, d luluf n imejraḥ, werǧin tamurt taqbaylit ad tettu arraw-is xas ulamma FFS d win ibegsen ad yemḥu amezruy agi.
AT


text:
Michel Polnareff
Michel Polnareff (ilul deg 3 yulyu 1944 deg Nérac) d acennay afrensis yettwassnen s waṭas deg tallit gar n yiseggasen n 1960 alammi d tazwara n temrawt n 1980. Ula ma ass-a tigrawin-is (CD) ur ttnuznun ara am zik, maca mazal-it icennu yerna mazal
Michel Polnareff yekker-d deg yiwet n twacult n inaẓuren. yemma-s d Simone Lane. tella d tamsiyist (taceḍḍaḥt), ma d baba-s Leib Polnareff (neɣ Léo Poll) yella iqeddec ɣer yidis n tcennayt Edith Piaf. Polnareff yelmed apyanu asmi iy la (yesɛa) semmus (5) n yiseggasen, yerna yella d anelmad iẓewren deg uẓawan. Naqal yebda yekkat agiṭar deg isuka. sin akin yebda-d akala igerrzen deg uẓawan n rock.


text:
Tura‑t: Asmaa Aouattah
Najat Lhacmi, tamarat takatalant s iẓwran d irifiyyn, twwi awardi « Nadal » n tskla x ungal ins « Ltnayn ad anɣ ḥdajjn ». Ungal a issawal x snat n tḥnjirin d timslmin gmant, zdɣnt gi « Sbanya » gi lḥuma tqqn x ixf ins d min d as dd innuqqrn. Tiḥnjirin a ttafnt bzzaf d iẓra g ubrid nsnt ar tlelli, iẓra a qqnen ar ddin d lɛwayd n waydudn imslmn, ɛla ḥsab axzzar n tmarat.
Najat Lhacmi d tamarat tamqqrant, tjja limart tfrz s tira ins g umzruy n tskla takatalant (iḍa ula d tasbanyut). Izgur as twwi sin n iwardiyyn d imqqranen. Ramun Luy x ungal « Abatriyark amggaru » gi 2008, d San Xwan n ubanku BBΓA x ungal « Tafruxt tabrranit » gi 2016.
Bzzaf d iwdan ttxsn tira n Najat d uxmmem ins, bzzaf d iwdan ccatn gs mizi ɣrs axzzar ittḥsab lislam d ntta d ssabab i ijjin tamɣart tqqim ar tkarmin. Adlis ins « Lbda ssawaln s yism nnɣ » i dd iffɣn gi 2019 d marra min tettari x lislam x umggaru a isnkkr tɣuyyt d tamqqrant jr n iwdan i t iɣrin. Najat gi tira ins tqqar qa timslayin iqqnen ar ddin am tkmbuct ur zzmrnt ad dd asnt ag tlelli. S umdya, ur tzmmr tmɣart ad tili d tafiminist, ad tqqn takmbuct. Din wi kids illan gi min tqqar, din wi gs iccatn x uxzzar a.
Tettɣima Najat Lhacmi tamarat n tskla d ccan i Arrif d tskla i nzmmar ad nḥsb d tarifit s ilsawn d ibrraniyyn. Awardi « Nadal » d awardi iqdm s waṭṭaṣ, issnt gi 1944, Najat Lhacmi d tamɣart tamzgarut zi tmɣarin, min ɣr llan iẓwran brra i Sbanya, i t iwwin.
Najat Lhacmi tlul asggʷas n 1979 gi Ayt Sidl, thajar ag twacult ins ar Katalunya wami ila ɣrs 8 n isggʷusa. Iḍa, nzmmar ad nini Arrif ibda iccat iẓwran gi tmura n middn s iwdan amaknaw Najat.
Ayyuz d yimal iknan i nttat.


text:
TAMEDYEZT (SIWEL) — Aṭas n tlawin tiqvayliyin ladYa deg yiseggasen-a ineggura, refden-t imru, sefrawen-t Yef lemḥayen d wuguren deg ttidiren-t, s usefru qarent-d ayen i ten-ticeYven, sefsusayent lehmum Yef wulawen-nsent, ttarant-d asirem, gar-asent Kenza Ğurğura.
Awal Yef Kenza Ğurğura :
Kenza Ğurğura d yiwet n tmeṭṭut i d-fkan yidurar n tmurt n Yiqvayliyen, tlul deg as n 10 di meYres n useggas 1967, deg temnaḍt n At Vu-Yusef (Micli), agedzu n Tizi wezzu, tettdir deg Uqvu. TeYra tafelsafit, deg tsedawit n buzeriɛa n tmurt n lzayer, Yas akken tevɛed Yef wakal n lejdud-is maca teṭṭef di tmeslayt n yimawlan-is, teḥrez taqvaylit-is.
Kenza yessefrawen Yef xilla n yisental, gar-asen: tayri, lḥif, iYevlan, d yiḥulfan n tmeṭṭut, uguren i tettaf deg tmetti, i yeqlen s uɛrur i tlawin i d-yerwen acḥal n yirgazen. Daya id t-yewwin ad tessuffeY sin n wammuden n tmedyezt Yer tezṛigin Aframed, acku tefka-as azal meqqer, terna-as leḥmala. Deg-sen tenna-d ayen tettxemmim d wayen tessarem ad yeḍru.
Kenza tekki am nettat am imedyazn iqvayliyen deg tfaskiwin d temliliyin i d-yettilin sya Yer da, yal aseggas deg tmurt. Tga aṭas n temliliyin, d uznuzu s uvudu n wammuden-is ama deg Uqvu, Tizi wezzu, neY Akfadu, d tamiwin-nniḍen. Akken daY i tḥemmel ad tsel i waṭas n yinaẓuren n teqvaylit, gar-asen: Meɛtub Lwennas, Talev Taher, Crif Xeddam, Zedek Mulud, Crif Ḥamani, Sliman Ʃazem, d wiyaḍ.
Ammuden i d-tessuffeY :
– Lbenna n usefru, 2015
– Aru-yi, 2017
Deg tagara, teqqar-as tmedyezt Kenza, seg yiwen n uvruy i d-yeddan deg ammud “Aru-yi, 2017” :
Aru-yi akken ik-yehwa
SufeY-iyi di tudert-a
Xas ad ɛiceY di lkaYeḍ
Aru-yidi tmucuha
D teryel neY d nuja
D tameṭṭut werğin tesneḍ
Akli Muhubi
SIWEL 152025 Nov 17 UTC


text:
Azray n usenfaṛ n Mozilla
Asenfar n Mozilla yennulfa-d deg 1998 s usufeɣ n tengalt aɣbalu n iminig Netscape. Iswi yella d asdukkel n wagimen n ineflayen id d-yesnulfuyen di Internet, wid id d-yettawin amaynut wuṛǧin yella di taɣult n iminigen. Deg useggass amezwaru, imttekkiyen imaynuten n tmezdagnut n umadal imeṛṛa, mudden yakan afus deg tmahilin timaynutin, snernin tid-ak yellan, udiɣ snekren asefrek akked usɣiwes n usenfaṛ.
Seg mi i d-tlul terbeɛt yeldin, asenfaṛ Mozilla yuɣal meqqer amzun d takebbanit. Imttekkiyen n terbeɣt gren-d iman-nsen akken ad smeɣṛen tuɣdaṭ taneṣlit— ur d-giren ara akan amahil n usenerni n yiminig Netscape, sneflin daɣen ddeqs n yiminigen , ifecka n tneflit akked isenfaṛen-nniḍen. Attekki ɣer Mozilla yettili s ddeqs n tarrayin, acukan yal yiwen ayen iḥemmel, akken ad d-snulfun iseɣẓanen ilelliyen ara yeǧǧn imdanen ad fernen deg useqdec n Internet.
Seld kra n yiseggassen n tneflit, Mozilla 1.0, lqem amezwaru ameqqran, yeffeɣ-d deg useggass n 2002. Lqem-a yegber ddeqs n usnerni deg yiminig, amsaɣ n usefrek n yiznan akked isnasen-niḍen, acukan ur yesɛi ara aṭas n yiseqdacen. Deg 2002, ugar n 90% n yiseqdacen n Internet ttinigen s Internet Explorer. Drus n yimdanen i t-iwalan deg tallit-nni, maca lqem amezwaru n Phoenix (yettusemman sakin Firefox) i d-suffɣen daɣen ieeggalen n temɣiwent Mozilla deg useggass-nni s yiswi n umuddu n termit tufrint n tunigin i umur ameqqran n yimdanen.
Deg 2003, asenfaṛ Mozilla yerna tasbeddit Mozilla Foundation, d tuddsa tamunant ur yettnadin ara ɣef tedrimt i ttɛawanen yimdanen neɣ tikebbaniyin s umuddu n tewsa. Tasbeddit Mozilla i d-yelulen melmi kan Mozilla Foundation, tettkemmil asefrek n usenfar, terna teddem takti ad tesnerni s wudem unṣib alday, asnulfu akked tegnatin i d-yettmuddu Internet. Akken ad taweḍ ɣe yiswiyen-a, tasbeddit tettkemmil asnulfu n yiseɣẓanen am Firefox d Thunderbird war ma teǧǧa tiɣula-nniḍen, am tsigras i wakken ad tɛiwen leqdic icudden ɣer usnerni n unekcum ɣer Web.
Firefox 1.0 yeffeɣ-d di 2004, u yedda akken iwata — ur yebbiḍ ara useggass, yettwasider-d ugar n 100 n yefḍan n tikal. Seg imiren, ileqman imaynuten tteffɣen-d s wudem alugan, imdanen ttisen-t seg useggass ɣer wayeḍ. Tagdusnant n Firefox tessireg amuddu n ufran i yiseqdacen. Tamsizwert tamaynut tuɣal d asɣiwel n usnulfu udiɣ tessireg asnerni n Internet i yiseqdacen imeṛṛa.
Di 2013, nessenker Firefox OS akken ad d-nessuffeɣ akk tamusni n Web ɣef izirazen udiɣ ad nefk tikelt nniḍen afran akked usenqed i usirew nniḍen n iseqdacen s srid.
Mozilla terra tameɣṛa deg useggass wis 15 si tlalit ines di 2013. Tamezdagnut tbeggen-d d akken tikebbaniyin zemrent ad d-awint lfayda deg uttekki deg isenfaṛen n uɣbalu yeldin udiɣ iseɣẓanen imeqqranen zemren ad ilin d iseɣẓanen n uɣbalu yeldin. Weṛǧin, llan iseqdacen imaynuten itteqqen ɣer Internet am ass-a udiɣ seqdacen-t s tutlayt nsen Takebbanit ara yidiren tettwarna, tin iseqdacen imetwiyen n ulzuz akken ad tɛiwen tuɣdaṭ n lfayda tamatut. Taneqruft agi tsqedcen-tt tikelt nniḍen wiyaḍ akken ad rnuntuddsiwin yeldin, tifrawanin, temɛawanin di deqs n isenfaṛen.
Azekka yeččuṛ d asirem akked tezmert am tezmert n yezri. Ulac ṭmana akken Internet ad yeqqim yeldin, d abaḥan, d aɣelsan. Mozilla ad tekemmel amuddu n tegnitt i yimdanen akken awal nsen ad yaweḍ udiɣ ad izmiren ad sneqden tudert nsen s srid. Ihi akka i tella, mačči ala nekni i yexeddmen ayagi. Tamezdagnut Mozilla, akked isenfaṛen nniḍen n uɣbalu yeldin akked tuddsiwin nniḍen, ddrent imi llan imdanen ittekkan deg usiweḍ akken uheggi n yeswiyen agi unnimen. Ma tebɣiḍ ad tmuddeḍ afus i tuɣdaṭ nneɣ, tzemreḍ ad ttekkiḍ.
Ugar n telɣiut ɣef umezruy n Mozilla, tzemreḍ ad twaliḍ isebtar agi:
- Ticraḍ n isebtar n Mozilla
- Tasimirt n usenfaṛ n Mozilla
- Mozilla Digital Memory Bank
- Amaskan ɣef umezruy n Firefox akked Mozilla (yella kan s teglizit akked tjadunit)


text:
Iḍeli 26 duǧember 2020 tella-d tikli d unejmue n tanalit uk tawsa (soutien et solidarité) iw meɣnas n timunent n tmurt taqbaylit Riyad Ḥamcac deg iɣil eli ɣef 16h.
Akken iɣ-dewwḍen kra n isallen, ismsulta n n lzzayer zzin-d s udebbuz nsen i tɣiwant n At Rzin, lameena ur sawḍen ara ad meneen anejmue. Imi imdanen n leerc n At ∑ebbas rzan-d ɣer temlilit agi s lǧejhd.
I usmekti gmat-neɣ Riyaḍ uk d 8 imeɣnassen niḍen ad eeddin zdat teɣdemt n temdint n bgayet ass n 31 duǧember 2020.
Agraw n tanalit n Riyaḍ Ḥamcac sawlen-d i yiwen unejmue niḍen ass n 29 duǧember ɣef 17h di taddart n Genduz, amraḥ n imeɣraṣen (place des martyrs).


text:
Nesla s imaziɣen mi msawalen
Acelḥi issawel iw Ucawi tura myaɛqalen
Aqvayli si zik yuki yesddukel-iten
Aṭṭas aya i ferqen kulwa s wedrar-is
D acengu iten-iferqen amzun d aklan-is
Netta bxiṛ nutni bedden i laẓ d wegris
Xas akken lluẓen d imawlan n nnif
Arumi ikreh-iten serwan-as lḥif
Muqrani* deg Igerger Abdelkrim di Rif*
Nesla s imaziɣen mi msawalen
Begset ay atmaten a nennaɣet irumyen
Tamurt nneɣ aɛzizen erran-tt d ayla-nsen
Sebɛasnin d amerẓi yeḍra uxessar
Awris meskin yeɣli Warsenis yenṭer
Idammen d leḥmali i yuzlen di Djerdjer.
Aɛraven imiren qqaren-as « wacbihum »
Kra deg-sen nnuɣen yebbweḍ-iten unezgum
Aṭṭas af yedrimen guǧan ar « lgum »*.
Nesla s imaziɣen mi msawalen
Cfut ay atmaten af aɛraven
Ad iffeɣ urumi ad d-nelhut yid-sen
Akken tefra lgira ḥerran-d asawen
Aɣyul n Ben Bella yerra-d aciwen
I leqvaylel yufa wid yuɣ s ibawen
Ṭṭfen tamurt nneɣ cudden-tt ar Mekka
I wid ur neqvil lla qqazen aẓekka
Ufan abrid deg-neɣ neččur d lḥerka*
Nesla s imaziɣen mi msawalen
Cfut ay atmaten af ixannaven*
Akken i teḍra d waɛrav a tteḍru yid-sen
Bɣan aɣ-rren d nutni aɣ-beddelen isem
a nessiwel s tɛaravt neɣ a neggugem
Akka i iḍebber Lmulud Qasem*
Xerrubi* d Maẓuẓi* ula d nutni nzan
Am zik ar At Ali atnan truzan
Win yuɣal d arumi wigi d ibẓiẓen
Amawal:
Lgum: engagés supplétifs dans l’armée française
lḥerka: plur de harki
ixannaven: traitres
Lmulud Qasem: kabyle de service sous Boukharouba dans les années 70.
Il fut ministre des Mosquées.
Xerrubi: prefet puis ministre de l’enseignement avec Chadli B.
Maẓuẓi: ministre de finance dans les années 70
tatɛarvit: arabisation
Lemɛani n dunnit
Xerrubi d netta is-yennan i Bumedyen: « Efk-iyi Tizi Wezzu, qrad
iseggasen kan a tt-rreɣ ttaɛravt ». Nnan-as diɣen ineɣmasen ifransisen
n libération: « Amek ara terigliḍ taluft agi n « tatɛarvit » ? Irra-asen:
« Asmi ara d-awḍen warrac deg uɣervaz ur ttemsefhamen ara d
imawlan-nsen, ass-n tefra temsalt ».
Hand Berkouk


text:
Buneggaf
Buneggaf neɣ Taneggift d afray s utmelli d umray s usgunef (aḥulfu s ɛeyyu d uwɛaṛ n utneffes), Amur ameqran n yisragen-is (ssebbat-is) d wid yeqqnen ar waṭṭanen n turin yakk d wul, maca deg kra n wakuden n iden isragen-a zemren ad qqnen ar terwayt n wefray s tdersi n uksijin. Asuji n buneggaf d win id yettilin s twessna n waṭṭan id yeglan yis, sin akin tukksa n isragen-is maca yezmer daɣen ad yili usuji n buneggaf s talɣa tasakant s izelman n umuṛfin. Akken daɣen id yessutur usuji n buneggaf amsulles (qessiḥen) asexdem n asgunfu amleẓẓi


text:
Immerni ijjen udlis d amaynu n umari Arifi Ɛumar Lmeddam, adlis-a ismun ca n tenfas, igga-asent i yisem “Tiɣmawin n iɣarynen”, ittwaḥsaben zeg idlisen i yudrusen n tenfas i yellan s Trifiyt, zegga i yezwar Caca, Belɣerbi, Ayneḍ, Ḥennu d yenniḍen ssufɣen-d idlisen n tenfas.
Lmeddam d ijjen zeg imariten i yefsaren aṭṭas n wungalen s Tmaziɣt n Arrif, am Anebdu (2014), Tudert n yirgel (2018) d asitem innuriyen (2021), mamec i d-issufeɣ ula d ijjen wamud n isefra deg useggas n 2015, yexḍar-as i yisem “iɣzer n ulili”.
Adlis-a amaynu n Ɛumar Lmeddam, iffeɣ-d s twiza n tmesmunt n Tamazɣa i yellan deg Uɛarwi. Mamec iwekked Lmeddam ila adlis-a ad yili yewjed deg wayur n Ɣuct i d-igguren i tmesɣiwt.
Lerifain.fr iwweḍ ad yegg ijjen wemsawaḍ d aquḍaḍ aked Lmeddam, alaḥsab axarres n udlis-nnes amaynu inna-aneɣ “…ta d twalat tamezwarut i di ɣa fsareɣ adlis niɣ ummud n tenfas.Ttuɣa uriɣ aṭṭas n tenfas, ssentiɣ tamezwarut qbel 2008, tameggarut deg useggas 2021. Ttuɣa xarrseɣ ad tent-smuneɣ deg yijjen wedlis aṭṭas zeggʷami, maca 2021 ṣafi ttuɣa saliɣ adlis wer day-s min ɣa rniɣ, ttuɣa ttrajiɣ ɣir ad t-id- ssufɣeɣ, lexxu ad iṭbeɛ s twiza n tmesmunt Tamazɣa d tawmat Ḥalim Lmadani”.
Di min iqqnen ɣer isental n udlis-a, d tenfas i yeksi, nesseqsa Lmeddam x min xef ixes ad issreɣ tifawin, xenni iwekked belli “adlis-a n tenfas day-s 20 n tenfas . Tinfas a ssawalent xef tudert d tmettant, tayri d wecrah, abirreh d uxeyyeq, taryazt d tiggʷdi, akeyyef n ugarru d ukeyyef n teḥcict, min illan swadday d min illan sennej, tasertit d uxelleḍ, asitem d weqḍaɛ n layas, d waṭṭaṣ n tmeslayin nneḍni”. I yenna Ɛumar Lmeddam i lerifain.
Zeg ijjen uɣezdis-nniḍen, nerẓem awal aked Lmeddam x yemxumbal i yeqqnen ɣer tmesɣiwet n udlis Amaziɣ d temslayin n wefsar mani i daneɣ-inna s ijjen usḥissef d ameqqran ila “Ssuq n wedlis Arifi necc ttwaliɣ-t ttmernayen idlisen, maca yinni issaɣen niɣ iqqaren ttudrusen, mayemmi ? Minzi Arifi Amaziɣ wer iqqar s Tmaziɣt, isseḥqara Tmaziɣt isseḥqara yinni ittarin s Tmaziɣt minzi ittwala-ten swadday nnes, ittwala belli Tmaziɣt tella ɣir i uḥecci d tqeṣṣart welli i tira d tɣuri”.
Zi jjihet-nniḍen iqqar ila Adlis Arifi ɛad innuɣ deg yemxumbal n wefsar, mani wer din bu ca n lxezrat zi ssa d usawen ɣer mamec ɣa ttwaggent tzemmer ad nessuref ddeg-a n imxumbal, deg wawal-nnes i lerifain.fr inna: “Ma yemxumbal n wefsar necc ttwaliɣ qqimen d yinni waha ɣir ɛedren cwayt tmeslayin n tiknik waha amecnaw isekkilen n Tmaziɣt n latan niɣ n tfinaɣ minzi xef umezwaru ttuɣa imara xef wenni ittarin ad yaf wi das ɣa iṭebɛen s isekkilen-a. Ma lexxu ḥuma ad fsareɣ ijjen wedlis di tmurt-nneɣ lmeṭbaɛa teqqar-ac ixeṣṣ-ac zi 500 n tunɣilt sennej. Xminni ɣa t-id-tessufɣed aṭṭaṣ n lmektabat ttagint ad ṭṭfent adlis yuran s Tmaziɣt. I mala ca n maktaba teṭṭef zi ɣar-k ca n tunɣilin ttɣimant din reccant. Minzi Arifi niɣ d Amaziɣ wer issiɣ adlis amaziɣ”.


text:
Aqqa
Aqqa (s tɛrabt: أقا, s tfransist: Akka) tga yat tmdint tamɣribit iḍfaṛn i tmnaḍt n Ṭaṭa ɣ tsga n Sus-masst.
Asnmkta[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ar ittini usiḍn lli ittyuskar ɣ usggʷas n 2014 mas[1]:
Aslmd[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Tigmiḍi n taqubbanit (middn lli ur ssin ad aqran wala ad ttaran) : 24,8%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli iɣran ar usinan n usmdi nɣd uggar : 17,7%
Tadamsa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli llan ɣ isggasn nnsn n twuri : 37,4%
- Tigmiḍi n tarwuri (middn lli ur ṭṭafn tawuri) : 27,3%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin dar lmxzn (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 41,5%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin ɣ uslig (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 30,7%


text:
YouTube Premium
YouTube Premium (zik YouTube red) d ameẓlu (service) s tedrimt anda tzemreḍ ad twaliḍ meṛṛa tividyutin i yellan deg YouTube mebla asussen (publicité), am akken daɣen i tettmeddu tazmert i useqdac ad iwali tividyutin mebla tuqqna internet d waṭas imeẓla-nniḍen.
YouTube Premium yebda deg wamber 2014 s yisem n Music Key, sin akin deg 31 ṭuber 2015 yuɣal d YouTube Red, seg 17 mayyu 2018 yuɣal d YouTube Premium.
Amezruy[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ẓer daɣen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Imagraden icudden[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Iseɣwan[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- YouTube Premium (Asmel unṣib)


text:
ḥajit majit, seksu d tyaẓit
Ij n nnhar, ɛemmi yeḥya ttuɣa yelluz, ɛdan aṭṭas n wussan wer t-yeqqis, ttuɣa yedwel-as uɛeddis yelseq, cwayt, yeẓra aɣyul yeggur a dd-yawi areyyeq i ifellaḥen ɣer wemkan mani mejjren, yexzar deg-s uca yenna-s : « kuɛ! d wa i dayi-ɣa-yesseccen ar ɣa jjawneɣ ».
uca iraḥ yeẓẓel deg webrid, yesneɛmil wer izemmar ad yekker, lami ɣer-s yexḍel weɣyul, yenna-s : « min cek-yuɣin a ɛemmi yeḥya, teẓẓled deg webrid? »,
yenna-s ɛemmi yeḥya: « iwa mamec ɣa negg ay aɣyul? aqa ggamiɣ ad ugureɣ, itteqqs-ayi uḍar!
yeqqes-as i weɣyul, uca yenna-s : « zid a c-rbuɣ a cek-ssiwḍeɣ ɣer taddart-nnec,
yenna-s ɛemmi yeḥya : « a tqad-ac ay aɣyul, a c-yejj rebbi lebda d miɣis »,
yerbu weɣyul ɛemmi yeḥya, ḥima a t-yessiwed ɣer taddart-nnes, senni ad yedwel ɣer ifellahen, maca deg webrid yekker ɛemmi yeḥya ad yecc min yufa deg iɣergnen* n weɣyul, issenta s uɣi, yeqqim x-as ḥlu ḥlu, alami t-yessuddem x weɣyul i das-dd-yennan : « min xaf-i dd-tessuddmed a ɛemmi yeḥya? yak ma tḥellwed aɣi-nni i ɣer-i deg iɣergnen? », Yenna-s ɛemmi yeḥya : « lla ay aɣyul, aqa wenni d lgiḥ i x-ak dd-yuddumen, teḍḍuqqeẓ-ayi tḥebbuyt-nni deg uḍar.
Yumen-it weɣyul, uca yesɣed, gguren cihaja, uca yekker ɛemmi Yeḥya ɛawed ad yerzu deg iɣergnen, yufa din tamment, yiqmat x-as lseḥ lseḥ, alami tt-yessuddem x weɣyul, yenna-s :« a min tettegged a ɛemmi Yeḥya? yak ma tlesḥed tamment-nni? », yenna-s netta : »lla ay aɣyul, aqa d idammen n tḥebbuyet-nni,
aɣyul ttuɣa irezzu ad yegg lxir, maca ɛemmi Yeḥya imelleɣ x-as, yecca-s lefḍur n ifellahen, wer zeg-s yejji walu, lami yexḍel ɣer ifellaḥen, rzun-as deg iɣergnen maca ufin lefḍur walu, nnan-as : »manaya ay aɣyul mani teggid lefḍur? », yenna-sen : « aḥ aḥ, imelleɣ xaf-i ɛemmi Yeḥya, ufiɣ-t yeẓẓel deg webrid, yuɣa-t ca deg uḍar, uca nniɣ-as a t-rbuɣ, a t-ssiwdeɣ ɣer taddart-nnes, maca netta yegga taḥraymit, yecca-yi lefḍur »,
Qbel ad ikemmel awal-nnes lami kid-s ɣa kkren ifellaḥen s uẓellaḍ, aɣa-k aɣa-k, ssuffen-t s uqabu, rrin-t anict n tiriwt anict n tuzeggart, — nnan-as a daneɣ-dd-tawyed uccen-nni niɣ a cek-nenḍer ɣer lexla, uca yejjull a t-idd-yawi minzi ma, yekkar ij n twalat zik, iraḥ yeẓẓel ṭṭerf n taddart n ɛemmi Yeḥya, yesniɛmil yemmut, lami tessijj temɣart n ɛemmi Yeḥya ɣer berra tufa-t din yeẓẓel, uca tuzzel a dd-tessekker argaz-nnes zeg yiḍes :
« kkar ay argaz-a a c-iniɣ min urjiɣ,
‑Ejj-ayi ad ṭṭseɣ aqa ɛad zik “xeccexecc,
‑nniɣ-ak kker aqa urjiɣ ɣer-neɣ murḍus ɣer tewwurt,
-min teqqared ?
– d aya i dac-nniɣ, kker xzer min yellan
_ hah ! ma necc d abuhali a cem-seɛɛfeɣ cem ?!!
_ nniɣ-ak kker aqa atiɣ d tidet aqa sliɣ i ddriz ɣer tuffut!
_ sliɣ-t ra d necc ! teqqared cem atiɣ d netta ira ittemrulluyen ?
_ yyih, nniɣ-ak kker!…
_ aqqa-yi kkreɣ !
Umi yessijj, yufa din aɣyul yeẓẓel ttzebziben x-as yizan ! uca yuzzel ɣer temɣart-nnes yenna-s:
_ cem d tamimunt, yemma-m d tamimunt, baba-m ra d netta d amimun
tenna-s nettat : _ yak nniɣ-ak-tt, ma necc ttcettiḥeɣ ?! lexxu kker a t-idd-nessidef ɣer daxel n wexxam-nneɣ, uca a t-necc
Yenna-s : _ maca yedqel mamec ɣa negg ?
tenna-s : cek ɣa ḍfer-ayi-dd waha,
Uḥḥlen s tnayen (2) idsen ma ad jerren maca walu wer zemmren, uca tenna-s:
_ raja ay argaz-a, qqen acuwwaḍ-nnec ɣer ucewwaḍ-ines, uca ẓẓuɣɣer-it-idd
Yenna-s netta:
_ qqen-dd la d cem acewwaḍ-inem ɣer-i ḥuma a t-idd-neẓẓuɣɣer merra
Tenna-s:
_ Lla ay argaz-a ! necc ɣer-i ddiset, ma trezzud ad nnuriɣ ma ?
Yekker yeḍfer awal-nnes, yeqqen anewwar-ines ɣer unewwar n weɣyul i das-ittɣil aqa yemmut, uca yessenta yeẓẓuɣɣur-it s min ɣer-s d tizemmar
maca qbel ma a t-yessidef zi tewwurt yekker-dd weɣyul ad yesḥunder, ḥma a ɣer-s dd-asen ifellahen.
qqimen aked wayawya ẓẓuɣɣer aɣir-a, ẓẓuɣɣer aɣirin
tamɣert n ɛemmi Yeḥya teqqim teḍḍuqquẓ x-asen s tḍeḥḥayt, ɛemmi Yeḥya, yeqqar as :
« waxxa tɛebred xaf-i ! cem d tamcumt, yemma-m d tamcumt ra d baba-m d amcum
tenna-s nettat :
_ ṭṭef gi tseṭṭa n uzir.
Yenna-s:
_ min ɣa ṭṭfeɣ ?! mamec ɣa ṭṭfeɣ di ta ammen i ṭṭfeɣ deg wa, uyak a m-yeqḍu rebbi iẓuran n yiri
qbel ma ad ikemmel wawal-nnes ttuɣa yenneqḍu-as uɛennab, uca yenna-s weɣyul:
_ luxa tiwey-ic-dd a kid-i, ur ɣer-k mani ɣa trewled ula mani ɣa tennuffred, manis ma tekkid a c-afeɣ deɣya minzi tdewled d agerṭiṭ.
yerwel ɛemmi Yeḥya, yiweḍ ɣer yij umkan uca yessenta ittxemmam mamec ɣa yeg.
arami yufa mamec
irah s tazzla ɣer temɣart-ines, yenna-s:
_ kker ad traḥed grew-dd ɣer-i qqaɛ uccanen a negg tawiza i lmacul-nneɣ
tekker nettat tegrew-dd mani ma yella ci n wuccen
umi dd-xeḍlen wuccanen ɣer ɛemmi yeḥya, yenna-sen :
_ Saḥḥit i kenniw ay aytma uccanen x twasit-nwem ɣer-i, necc aqa tettwalam-ayi wer ttnekkireɣ zi tassut, ula d tamɣart-inu luxa d ayur-nnes wiss setta, luxa rezzuɣ a kid-i teswizem ḥuma ad ssrewteɣ lmacul-inu
nnan-as :
_ aqqa-neɣ da a ɛemmi Yeḥya, necnin d awmaten
Kkren wuccanen ad ssarewten, kul ijjen mani ineṭṭu ttekken deg wayawya
uca yenna-sen ɛemmi Yeḥya :
_ kenniw mala teqqimem amya ur tetteggem walu, qqnet icuwwaḍen-nwem ɣer wayawya ḥuma ad tesmunem tizemmar
ggin-as rray i ɛemmi Yeḥya, uca qqnen ixf-nsen ɣer wayawya zeg icewwaden, maca lami ɣa kkren ad ssarewten, kul ijjen mani ijebbed uca nqeḍwen-asn icewwaḍen ra d netnin am ɛemmi yeḥya, uca yennasen :
_ kuɛ ḥciɣ-awemt!!! luxa tdewlem d igerṭiṭen am necc, qa uccen mala wer yelli am ayetmas ad immet ḥsen
Uca teqqim d awal: “uccen agerṭiṭ mli yufa ataf merra uccanen d igertat”.
Nekka-dd ssa d ssa, wer daneɣ iseḥḥ ca, tseḥḥ-aneɣ yij n tleqquzt n weɣrum, a tt-nebḍa jer-aneɣ.


text:
YECCU LMASIḤ iqqar ... NECC d TAFAWT n DDUNECT
Wenni dd ayi i ɣa iḍfaren, war iggur ɛemmarṣ di taǧest,
maca ad ɣares tiři TFAWT n TUDART!
Aseqsi Wiss 3
Ma beddřen imasiḥiyyen Adlis Iqeddsen am mammec qqaren ca n iwdan?
War xas nessiwiř, mařa teqqared man aya, aqa tqajaḥed ammu Arebbi simant nnes, maci imasiḥiyyen d wudayen.
Ammu i qqar Arebbi deg wawař nnes ammu:
« X man aya i d ayi inna SIDI: "Teẓrid mliḥ, aqa necc ḥeṭṭiɣ awař inu maḥend ad t tteggeɣ” » (Irmiya 1:12)
Arebbi war itteṭṭeṣ ca. Arebbi inḍar tiṭṭawin nnes x ddunit u iḥeṭṭa awař nnes řami netta issen aqa řeɛdu, cciṭan, war ixs maḥend iwdan ad ɣaren awař n Arebbi.
Awař n Arebbi d tidett (Yuḥanna 17:17), aqa-t d Arruḥ d tudart (Yuḥanna 6:36). S uyenni cciṭan war ixs ca aqa ad xas arzun iwdan. Netta yiweḍ ad isseqneɛ abarru n iwdan maḥend war qqaren L'Injil uca issidef asen deg uzeǧif belli imasiḥiyyen zewwarem awař nnes uca iwdan ttɛawaden ixarriqen nnes břa ma ad xarṣen. Inna Yeccu Lmasiḥ:
« Minzi s tidett ad awem iniɣ, ař i ɣa ifna ujenna d temmurt,
war ifenni uřa d ijj n řḥarf niɣ d taneqqiṭ zi ccariɛa ař i ɣa imsar kuřci. » (Matta 5:18).
Ma teɣrid l'Injil? Min xas tessned? Ma iɛeddeř imeḥḍaren n unabi zeɛma ad ssfarɣen awařen nnes u ad sseɛdun ca n wawařen nneḍni deg wemcan nsen? Ma zeɛma ggur ad afen awařen n umazan war iɣřin x tudart nsen? Isseɛdu Yeccu Lmasiḥ awařen nnes i imeḥḍaren nnes maḥend ad ten ḥḍan nican. Inna Lmasiḥ x wawařen nnes:
“Ajenna d tmurt ad ɛdun maca awařen inu war ɛeddun ɛemmarṣ.” (Matta 24:35)
Řami tuɣa iddar Lmasiḥ di temmurt, tuɣa iggur mani mma. Aṭṭas n iɛurrac n iwdan usin-dd maḥend ad ẓaren min ittegg u maḥend ad sřen min iqqar. Ma zeɛma ggur ad ttun awařen nnes d řefɛayeř nnes? Ma zeɛma ggur ad qebřen awařen n Lmasiḥ maɛlik farɣen?
Xenni din uřa d ict n řḥajet nneḍni. Řami urin imeḥdaren awařen n Lmasiḥ (Řexbar Asebḥan) aqa itwasseɛdu ɣar marra tiɣemmura n ddunit. Xmi i ɣa nini aqa ca n iwdan arezzun ad ssfarɣen niɣ ad zewwaren Řexbař Asebḥan, mammec ggin zemmaren ad beddřen tira-ya marra mani mma u ad t beddřen nican deg umur d ijjen di ddunit marra? Aqa war zemmaren ad ggen man aya. Řexbař Asebḥan war izewwar ca. Arebbi iḥeṭṭa awařen nnes. L'Injil war d aneɣ issiggʷij ca zi Arebbi, maca L'Injil issban aneɣ-dd mammec ittxeṣṣa ad ɣars dd-nqarreb u mammec nzemmar ad nessen aqa Arebbi ixs ad aneɣ ibarek di Lmasiḥ.
War tejji řeɛdu ad cek issḥarrem x wawař n Arebbi u x wenni d ac / am ittexsen d wenni iwcin tudart nnes xak / xam.
Břa awař n tidett n Arebbi, war teggured ad tzemmared ad tessned Arebbi n tidett uřa d abrid i ɣars ittawyen.


text:
dremVB [drem]
s'enfoncer, s'effondrer; être détruit, démoli
Flexions dremittedramen ttderriment tedrim tettedramem tettderrim derment tedrem tettedrameḍ ttderrimemt dermemt idderrimen derrmen tedderrimem iderrem tedderrimeḍ derrem ittderrimen tedrimem ttedramen tettderrimem tedrimeḍ ittedram tettderrimeḍ tdermem tdermeḍ ttedramet iderrmen dderrimen nderrem idderrim derrmemt dderrimet drimen yettedramen ttderrimen idrim nettedram ittderrim dermen idrem ttedrameɣ ttderrimet dermet yedderrimen tderrmemt nedderrim tderrmeḍ dderrimeɣ idermen drem yettderrimen nedrim tettedramemt nettderrim drimeɣ yettedram ttderrimeɣ nedrem dermeɣ ttedram derrment tedderrimemt tderrem yedderrim derrmet dderrim tedrimemt ttedrament tettderrimemt yedrim tettedram yettderrim tdermemt yedrem ttedramemt ttderrim dderriment tderrmem tedderrim derrmeɣ dderrimemt driment
Sources drem
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982
Phrases avec le mot drem
Izzi ɣer tama nni idermen ddaw weẓru, yuɣal-d ɣer tama n tewwurt .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]


text:
Aṭṭas n ifaysbuken Irifiyen uran-d x uneɣmis n usmutti n inecraf isertanen n Arrif i yellan di Fas ɣer Spiṭar. Lerifain iwweḍ ad yessen ila CNDH n Fas iqqim aked inecraf isertanen, x uzellif-nnsen Naṣer Zzefzafi d Nabil Aḥemjiq. Maḥend ad kid-sen rzun x tutriwin-nnsen. CNDH ttuɣa ibedd x seḥḥet n inecarf mamec tedwel ɣer deffer. Ad yili d manaya i yejjin weyyen inecraf ɣer Spiṭar maḥend ad ilin udsen ɣer iḍbiben. I yeqqaren ca zzag-sen.
Alifpost yenna belli lmexzen yejja « asaḍaf n leḥbusat » d « taḍa tameɣrabit n tseqqar n wemdan », maḥend ad raḥen ad ẓuren inecraf isertanen di leḥbusat. Manaya d jjdid di ddusi n inecraf mani ttuɣa lmexzen ittẓeyyar x-asen aṭṭas.
Ddusi n inecraf idwel ɣer-s amcan di berra. Maci ɣir zeg ibedditen itteggen Irifiyen di berra. Maca qa iggur ad sekken ca n iberlamaniyen ijjen tebrat ɣer ujellid d wemɣar n lḥukuma tameɣrabit ḥuma ad zzag-sen ttren ad snufslen inecraf isertanen di Arrif.
Alifpost ɛawed iqqar ila qa din ca n iwdan ɣer daxel i lmexzen ugin ad jjen CNDH ḥuma ad temsawaḍ aked inecraf alaḥsab asnufsel-nnsen. Manaya zegga isnufsel lmexzen i inecraf n Ṭanja, kkes zzag-sen illa Muḥemmed Jellul.
ɣer ɛawed:Tafra: Mala yuqeɛ ca i tarwa-nneɣ di leḥbes ad ittwadenna x yiri n Ttamek
ɣer ɛawed: FNAA teswiza aked inekraf n Arrif


text:
Thazayrit (Radio Edit)
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Icharqad yitij d asbah Fathan izjiyan Tadzairit Wiss ma tafrah D asmakti idilahqan Icharqad yitij d asbah Fathan izjiyan Tadzairit Wiss ma tafrah D asmakti idilahqan Assar, tachbaha, tamlah Yak yidas idukulan Ma yala taz3af tachah Ila kra itixussan Intas dachu igxussan M idyaxlaq rebbi dunith Yafkad Adam ad Hawa Garassan tazdagh talwit Yak 3achan aslamhiba M idyaxlaq rebbi dunith Yafkad Adam a Hawa Garassan tazdagh talwit Yak 3achan aslamhiba Bla Kam tudart ulachit Tarnitazd d chbaha Bla Kam argaz ulac-it Tarnitazd lahnana Aslighas maskint tatru Tanad Ur ghrighara Imi dlulagh a tamanzut Akham Ur bghinara Aslighas maskint tatru Tanad Ur ghrighara Imi dlulagh a tamnzut Akham Ur bghinara Ig3adan ngah utnatsu Ismim d agmazruy yalla Ig3adan nagh utnatsu Dagmam fellam yachna As agraghlan n tmatut D imkul amakan yak yalla Tadzairit m igchbah a sut Tuklalad Machi d kra As agraghlan n tmatut D imkul amakan yak yalla Tadzairit m igchbah a sut Tuklalad Machi d kra Ghurwat untak afus Ansa3af kul a chada S Ray wargaz a tmatut Igmunt ak tmura Igamunt ak tmura Igamunt ak tmura Yak Tmuraaaaa
Become A Better Singer In Only 30 Days, With Easy Video Lessons!
Written by: Zovir Zovir
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"Thazayrit (Radio Edit) Lyrics." Lyrics.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2022. Web. 1 Dec. 2022.  .


text:
Bnu Rucd
Bnu Rucd (s talatinit: Averroès, s taɛrabt : إبن رشد ) nɣ Abu Lwalid Muhammd Ibn Ahmed Ibn Mohamed Ibn Ahmed Ibn Ahmed Ibn Rochd, (s taɛrabt : أبو الوليد محمد بن احمد بن محمد بن احمد بن احمد بن رشد ) iga amusnaw n usgd, d azrfan, n tusnakt, d aflsuf, d amjjay (aḍbib), ɣ tidmi …
Illul Bnu Rucd ɣ usgg°as 1126 ɣ kurdu ɣ tmazirt n Sbanya, immut ɣ 10 dujanbir 1198 ɣ tɣrmt Murakuc ɣ tmazirt n lmrruk. Tiktiwin nns af ma yura uflusuf agriki 'Aristote', tssuɣal s tutlayt talatinit ɣ usgg°as 1230. Ismnan taflsaft taristukratit d tflsaft tamuslmt (lislam). D ntta yskcm tadlsa tagrikit d waɛrab s umaḍal akk. Amssufɣ n isura amiṣri yusf cahin iswwuri f usaru ɣ usgg°as 1997, ddaw ism n 'Le destin'.