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Extrait de l'ouvrage " Tatbirt Tawraxt" de Mhamed Alilouch .publié en 2006.
Tenker yat tmettéut walu ghurs lqqum , ar ttetter i rebbi ar ti-théawal xf tarwa [1] ; lligh g ira rebbi ad ghifs iàafu tut-s tfikect g tefdent taxatart , tfegh-as d diks teglayt , safi tffert –t g yilis n tadut allig tebdéy tffeghd diks yat terbat mi tella tafuyt g at ighf yili –yas wayyur g déart ; tsselgh-as « Tatbirt tawraxt » , bbans ur tt-izéri amcku da tti-tffer mmans .
Yan was rhéln , zdghen yan umazir , zéghin iqidéan , imik tili kan tghuyyit , gharn kullu ayt umazir , imhéu uzgu iqidéan seg déarasen ; yili bbahéllu n tetbirt tawraxt iwssir d iàmu ur ighar netta , tffeghd tetbirt at-tzegh aqidéun issid umghar . lligh g taghul iàmu digh umghar . iqqim allig d yaghul yiws inna-yas : « waxxayt a yiwi ar i-teskirkist tennit-i ur ghuri llin leqqum ntta hat tella ghurk terbat ur telli ghur awd yan . » inna-yas yiws : « hat abba ur ak skarkisgh hat ur ghuri illi walu . » safi iswengm urgaz inna-yas i tmettéut nnes : « gagh d kan terwayt irghan d kan wudi dghik s tazla . » tsers d temghart tarwayt d wudi suln ar teqqden , yasid urgaz ibbz –as afus i temghart g terwact inna-yas : « ssufgh d mayd ddi derrugh negh kem ssekmdegh . »
Lligh g as-tsella tetbirt tawraxt tendéud afad ur tkemdé mma-nnes , lligh g tt-yannay urgaz ar ittajjab d inna ger as d ighf nnes : « qnna ad jlegh tamghart tahlegh illis . »
Askka inna-yasen : « hat qanna an-nerhél . » yagh lhil allig as –iffer tasksit [2] i temghart , ddun allig àreqqn ; tektit-t d tenna-yasen : « hat ttugh nn tasksit qnna ad ughulgh ats d awigh . » tenna-yas illis [3] : « allah ar dindgh isegham bba yat adénin . » ur tsbir tmghart tughul , tenna-yas tetbirt : « hat qenna ad am nsrus tizrar n wadéil [4] g ubrid nna ur nekki ar nesrus ilammen g unna nekka . » manik ayat tekzint[5] tkka déaras tetc ilammen , lligh g ttaghul temghart ur ttufi xs abrid bu tezrar n wadéil , tekkt allig tt-itca yizem…
Tatbirt tawraxt nettat d bbans ar tteqqln allig walu zdghen ; yan was inna-yas bbans :
« yallah zedé awern [6] add agwmegh aman afad ang tamghra [7] , akkem awlegh . » lligh g as inna imkinnagh ar talla , imihé ha yat temlalt tekcemd zars tenna-yas : « makkem yaghen a yudem ur istahiln leghyar ? » tenna –yas : « mmanw itca-tt xxuc bba ira ad ig tamghra ad i-yawey , mayd inn isuln !! » tenna-yas temlalt : « is qnna ad i -tekt aynnam nnigh ? » tenna-yas tetbirt : « ig i day tghit ad am kegh aynna trit . » tenna-yas temlalt : « ad iwr tekt xs imihé n rrihéan at-t-i slemgh afad jjunt teghyayin inw d tekt-i tawkayt at-ts gegh ger tqerruyin inw ad i –tent ur tetc tafuyt . » lligh g as-tka aynnagh , tasi d allig as-teghza g tarselt [8] n txamt , tegt tt digs , tek -as talxatemt [9] tenna-yas : « aynna trit , teswurrit talxatemt hat qnna ad itwuskar . » Tasi d temlalt ar tezzéad ar ttirir ar ttini : « awrrunw ira babinw ad i-yili . » ar zéars t-teqqel ad yughul g yigem …
Lligh g d yaghul urgaz ar as-iqra inna-yas : « addud anezdgh ighyal ala ! » ar iqra allig iwhél , imihé ikcem d zars ira at-ts-iwt safi trul-as ikk déaras ar ittini : « nek d wikm ilan aylli… » aynnagh aynnagh allig trahé yat tgwelzéit tendéw-as , yiri awd netta ad as indew , yagh nn izdar tjerhét tuzzalt ar ghifs tturun yizan ar asen ittini : « bez akk ur sbazzigh , bezz . » aynnagh allig iwhél yasid tuzzalt at-ten iwt , imihé iwt ighf nnes inext…
Tatbirt tawraxt nettat tqquma g udghar nnes aynna tra tsberrem talxatemt : ftunt wulli ar talggat , ughln d , tferg-asent aynnagh kuwas ar yan was ddan d yan kradé inegmarn [10] afen d tawrut n wulli ur tent ikwsi awd yan , afen d amazir ur diks illi awd yan , hdéun ulli allig ha tafuyt tghely , ha yulli ddant s amazir allig ttufragent , hat ur annayn walu , qqimn g umazir imihé han imensi ittuga –asn d , safi nnan : « qnna anmayd afad anisin may llan dadegh ! » ku yan diksen isker mas itmayad , yan ibbey aàban nnes , wussin icerrg tajllabit nnes , wuskradé ifley talidéat [11] nnes ig as tesnt ; ggidé gen kulluten xs uskradé amacku tbrit tlidéat . Ammas n yid tenker d tetbirt tawraxt allig temceté azzar nnes allig teghma , istfur- as bu tlidéat allig taghul adghar nnes (tarselt).
Sbahé g dinkern mseqsan may zran kra, nnan awd yan ur izri walu , nnan anebdéu lxir ddegh , asin d ar temcawarn , nnan-as i bu tlilaté : “ may trit ?” inna-yasen : “nkkin ad iwr tkim xs ayddegh n tarselt n txamt texssa-yi .” nnan-as : aynnagh day asi-tt . yasiy tarselt iddu ar amazir nnes ighref zars itter-as craa n rebbi inna-yas : « ffegh d amayllan da !! » tenna-yas tetbirt : « ur tghit iccrud inw , »inna-yas : « ghigh-asen s leawan n rebbi mayt-ten igan ? »tenna-yas : « righ ad I - tebnut sa n ihuna treggl yat tsarut [12] , iligh g wus sa (amggaru) » inna-yas : « waxxa meqbul ccerd . »
Ibnu [13] sa n ihuna treggel yat sarut , ig nn tatbirt g wus sa d iffert i mmans ; luqnna d itga mmans kan uxdmi [14] da ittasiy tazlaft yini-yas : « ad as digegh kan wudi . » iddu ar tetc tetbirt , asra itc g temnaté nna g tetca , aynnagh dima ar yan was tella kan tghuyyit , ttun skern snat temnadéin , tini –yas temghart i yiws : « zzigh ttahelt ar I- tteffert , waxxayt tinw aynnagh !!. »
Tqqim temghart ar yan was g isafr yiws , teddu ar ttinig tasarut , imihé inna-yas ufullus :
« mami teggegh lxir ? » tenna-yas temghart : « nekkin ayafullus . »
Iddu s afella n leghbar ar diks iferredé allig d issufgh tasarut , tasi-ts temghart tessiwy-asen i yhéuna ar-ten terzzem yan s yan ar ameggaru [15] taf nn diks tatbirt tawraxt tenna-yas : « he !kmmin zzigh ayllan daddegh , tiqriyin nnem kwsant [16] tqqimt kemmin daddegh . » imihé tut-ts [17] s yan udémmis , tssufs-ts , tffegh , tergel ghifs .ar talla tetbirt …tqqim iwilnnes agensu n uhéanu ar tteràab g mayd as-ijéran acku ur tedmi ann zéars tekcem temghart nnes ula tenna qenna at-ts tut …iqquma degs lhéal kigan , xs ar talla d ar tsxiffiy trar lbal s imi n teflut is nn ur ikccem urgaz nnes ad as-tàawd mayd as tesker mmans , d mag tufa tasarut dda s terzem , safi ar txemmam mayt-teskar allig tssersa ger asd ighf nnes ad trul akud nna as-irzem uryaz ….
Allig d idda urgaz yaf-t d ar talla inna-yas : « mak yaghen a yudm ur istahlan leghyar ? » tenna-yas : « tut- i mmank , tssufsi. » kamla ar as isawal , imihé tayll tekk talkiwt s
wus sa n ignwan ; lligh g tuylla yazen afus iks-as talxatemt.
Iqqim ar iseqsa mayd iskar , allig as-inna yan bnadem : « dduk awey iyyis nnek ar yan udghar tgherst-as diks , d théasert-as mayd ak igan agdidé [18] d mayd ak ilan iyldan xs unna d iman d udidi d unzar tatjt ad itc. » allig han agdidé lligh yatjt , itca allig idjiwen inna-yas ugdidé : « trexk s sidi rebbi aflan !magh allig kullu théasert igdadé xs nek ? » inna-yas urgaz : « tettert-i s rebbi ar dikk tnewwagh ad i-tssilit i sa n ignwan . » inna-yas : « waxxa , walaynni bbid sa n tekwsmin [19] d sa n tceàba n idammen. » safi yasi-t , da ittaliy yan yignna ik-as yat teksumt d yat tceàbut aynnagh allig kerzen ad alin tedér-as yat teksumt yagh lhil allig tt- d ibbey g yighil nnes , lligh tt-itca ugdid inna-yas : « treghk magh allig kullu messusnt xs tamggarut tmargh ? » inna-yas urgaz : « tettert-I s rebbi bbext-t d g yighil inu amacku tedéri yat. »inna-yas : « eh !allah awddi amer ssingh id imkinnagh sak rzemgh.walaynni isker ak rebbi ttawil nuliy d ur isul walu . » ar itteràb uterras gg iyider d ar iswingim mer as-irzim ddagh mas qenna att-isker…
Lligh g nrahén ik-as ugdidé kan làerbun nnes inna-yas : « mek ghifi telkemt tekt-t g wafa hayyi ghurk , tatbirt tawraxt hat tella ghur yan xxuc axatar. » iddu urgaz ar ghur teghbalut dda g ttagwm tesmext n tetbirt tawraxt iqqim diks allig ha tesmext ar ttagwem,yakz tanast [20] n tetbirt tawraxt inna-yas :« kid ad sugh i rebbi. »
Akud nna g iswa iger –as talxatemt zéars , tselgh-as-tt ar is ttelly allig ur tri ad its tebdéu ar talla tughul s ghur tetbirt tenna-a : « lalla han yan ismex ijjéan igri axlul nnes s talqqubt nnem. » tenna-s : « hakka d ; lligh g tti tannay takz talxatemt nnes tenna-s : « ddukm awiy-t id »lligh g nn ghurs irahé teffert g yan ssenduq .
Xxuc dda mughur tella netta da itestta laxwac berra yawiy-as i tetbirt tifiyyi n unugudé ku was ; lligh g d ikcem inna-yas : « illa kan wadéu d ur iweygh ! » tenna-s tetbirt : « bermad akw a yeqcucen… » hat walu safi igen-as xf wafud ar as-tneqqab tughmas [21] zund sgelli , imihé ar t-tseqsa : « iwa da teddut tacekt ur nessin mayd igan rruhé nnek , ula nessen mayd tekkat » inna-yas : « nek rruhé inu igat umda tili tselli agwnsu n umda tili tsekkurt agwnsu n tselli tili teglayt agwnsu n tsekkurt yili yinzadé agwnsu n teglayt. » iwa ar txemmam tetbirt mayd tesskar …is ur tneqqa xxuc dghik g tessn mag illa rruhé nnes , ggidé kullut ur as t-tent id ikki yités xs ar tswingim mayd teskar sbah g ti tenker .
Sbahé zik iddu iffegh , iwa ddun s amda [22] awin tafunast ad asen-tsew aman , ha teslli iwt-ts
unugudé ha taskkurt [23] tayll ; gern làrbun n iyder lligh , yamz-asen-tt d , nbern taskkurt ha taglayt , ksen d inzadé [24] ha xxuc immut . safi yasi-ten d ugdidé ughuln d s akal ddun d ar adghar lligh n iyyis , ismun-asen ugdidé iqzzuyn allig iga iyyis , iwa ran ad ughuln s ghursen , urta ddin inna yasen iyider [25] agdidé lligh akken ussagh :
Inna-sen : « dduwat han yan udghar qnna nn dis tafim yat tmezgida ar tetter mayd diks idzallan , addiks ur tezzallim , d yan udghar adénin qnna nn dis tafim yan ughyul yusi tisent irdel ar ittetter mayt-t itàawan at-t ur tàawnem , d han digh yan ugdidé irzéa ar ittetter mayd as-itteggan tighngham at-t ur telmilim . » …
Safi kkin abrid allig d rahén timezgida [26] ar tetter mayd dis itzallan , ar as-ittini urgaz : qenna addugh addis zzalgh , tenna-s tetbirt : uhu , is ur tàaqqalt maydak inna ugdidé lligh ? iddu ikcem s agensu , tergl ghifs tmezgida walu mag d iffegh , taliy tetbirt s afella ar talla allig ti-temhéa g d iffegh …ar ghifs tedzéi tenna-yas : “ kud ak ttinigh ad ur teddut zars han agdidé lligh iwssa yagh ad nawiy itnan walaynni ur da tesseflit !! .”
Iwa kkin digh abrid allig nn ufan aghyul tessuklt tissent ar ittetter mayt-t itàawan ; iddu digh urgaz at-t isàawen allig d ghifs tagh tisent , ar digh talla tetbirt allig tefsy . kkin digh abrid allig ufan agdidé irzéan ar asen ittetter ad as-gin tighngham , iddu urgaz ar as-ttini tetbirt : wahi allig t in igula ar as-ittini : manza aydda ? aynnagh allig t-israhé ugdidé iddaw igldan nnes g issen is t-yumz yaliy ikk igenna , lligh g yuylla inna-yas urgaz : irebbi samhéi ad ussagh tamttéut . inna-yas :ddukem niy iyyis tàayent tigmmi , teqqimt diks ar d izirgh mas tefra.
Teddu allig nn trahé , ar tt-seqsan aytgemmi xf urgaz tenna-sen mayllan , ar as-akkan aman g uhéwar n ifullusen kin as axdmi g tehébuct n igdéan , ssun-as tabarda n ughyul ifadin , delnt-t s terfat n ulghem yagh uldjit . manik agdidé da d ittrus afella n ugadir taman didda g tgan ar as d isawal urgaz ar tt-iseqsa xf tudert nnes ar as ittini : mas tedlt d amy tessit ? may-tt tetcit may-tt teswit ? ayudem ur istahlan leghyar.
Tàawd-as kullu mayd as akkan , yini as : “neddem ayulinw talit awin iyider s afella .” yaliy ugdidé ikk igenna , manik anwas isella-yas yan g ayt ghurs , aghen lhéil allig ssen didda g ittrus , ddun s ghur wuday [27] seqsan-t nnan-as : “mayd neskar I yan ugdidé yusyagh argaz , ar d ittrus afella n tgemmi?” inna-yasen wuday : « ddu amsat tamimt d yinzadén i dinnagh g ittrus qenna at-t-tamzem . »
Safi ddun skern aydda-sen inna amzen-t , afen nn argaz idda immut s lazé ddaw [28] igeldan n iyider ; lligh g t id ksen ar as-akkan kan teglay allig ijjey , yawiy tatbirt tawraxt , temt mmans ; akud nnagh ayd iktey aylligh-as tenna mmans yat tekkelt : « add isik rebbi isnayen nnek nnig umazir , isikk d imghaz-inw ddaw umazir. » …
Safi ihélu yas wawal I urgaz acku itahel tatbirt tawraxt , tamttéut yufen akk tiwtmin , imihé ilin ghurs warraw ar asen itàawad aydda ghifs tsakka mmansen seg mayts yufa allig tt-yiwiy…
[1] tarwa : l’accochement.
[2] taseksit : le peigne. Asg : tiseksa .
[3] illis : sa fille
[4] adéil : le raisin
[5] tikzint : la chienne. Asg : tikzinin .
[6] awern : la farine.
[7] tameghra : le marriage ; asg : timeghriwin .
[8] tarselt : support essentiel d’ une tente , asg : tirsal .
[9] talxatemt : une bague , asg : tilxatmin.
[10] inegmarn : les chasseurs , tid : anegmar .
[11] talidéat :le petit doit : l’auriculaire . asg : tilidéatin.
[12] tasarut : la clé , asg : tisura .
[13] ibna : il a construit . amyag :bnu
[14] axdmi : le repas , asg : ixdmiten .
[15] ameggaru : le dernier , asg : imeggura .
[16] kwsant : elles gardent , surveillent le troupeau.
[17] tut-ts : elle l’a frappée .
[18] agdidé: l’oiseau , asg : igdéad .
[19] tikwsmin : les morceaux de viande. Tid : taksumt.
[20] tanast : petit seau en cuivre. Asg : tanasin.
[21] tughmas : des dens ; tid :tughmest.
[22] amda : l’arc ; asg : imdwan .
[23] taskkurt :la perdrix. Asg : tiskrin.
[24] inzadé :poil ;cheveux. Asg : inzadén .
[25] iyider : l’aigle.
[26] timezgida : la mosquée
[27] uday : le juif ; asg : udayen .
[28] ddaw : sous


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1:1 Nekk Yuda yellan d gma-s n Yeɛqub, aqqedac n Ɛisa Lmasiḥ, i wid i wumi d-issawel Sidi Ṛebbi Baba-tneɣ, yerna ihegga-ten i Ɛisa Lmasiḥ ;
1:2 ṛṛeḥma, talwit d leḥmala a wen-d-tețțunefkent s tugeț !
1:3 A wid eɛzizen, acḥal aya segmi i bɣiɣ a wen-n-aruɣ ɣef wayen yeɛnan leslak i ɣ-icerken, walaɣ belli ilaq-iyi a kkun-nhuɣ iwakken aț-țesɛum tazmert aț-țḥadrem ɣef liman, liman i d-yețțunefken yiwet n tikkelt i wid i gextaṛ Sidi Ṛebbi.
1:4 Axaṭer kra n yemdanen skecmen-d iman-nsen gar-awen, sseɛwajen lmeɛna n ṛṛeḥma n Sidi Ṛebbi iwakken ad ffren yir tikli-nsen, nekṛen ula d Ɛisa Lmasiḥ, win yellan d Ssid-nneɣ ; lɛiqab i ten-yețṛaǧun d ameqqran akken i d-ițwaxebbeṛ si zik di tira iqedsen.
1:5 ?as akken teẓram ayagi meṛṛa, bɣiɣ a kkun-id-smektiɣ belli asmi i d-isellek Sidi Ṛebbi agdud-is si tmurt n Maṣer yessenger gar-asen wid akk yugin ad amnen yis ;
1:6 daɣen, lmalayekkat-nni ur neṭṭif ara di ccan i sent-id-ițțunefken, meɛna ǧǧant imukan-nsent eɛlayen, Sidi Ṛebbi yeqqen-itent di ṭṭlam i dayem alamma d ass ameqqran n lḥisab.
1:7 Akken daɣen i tedṛa d imezdaɣ n temdinin n Sudum d Gumuṛ akk-d tudrin i sent-id-yezzin, ixeddmen anagar ticmatin d zzna, qqiment-ed d lemtel mi tent-yessenger Sidi Ṛebbi s tmes yecban times n ǧahennama ;
1:8 imdanen-agi daɣen i d-ikecmen gar-aneɣ xeddmen am nutni, tirga-nsen ssawaḍent-țen ad xedmen ticmatin, ur setɛeṛfen ara s lḥekma n Sidi Ṛebbi, reggmen ula d lmalayekkat yellan deg igenwan.
1:9 Ula d lmelk Mixayel ur yexdim ara annect-agi asm'akken i gennuɣ akk-d Cciṭan ɣef lǧețța n Sidna Musa ; yegguma a t-yergem ula d rregmat meɛna yenna-yas kan : a k-iɛaqeb Sidi Ṛebbi.
1:10 Meɛna imdanen-agi reggmen ayen ur ssinen ara, ula d ayen akken ssnen i gessen ula d lmal ur nefhim ara, yețțawi-ten anagar ɣer nnger-nsen.
1:11 A tawaɣit-nsen ! Axaṭer tebɛen lǧeṛṛa n Kahin, sṛuḥen iman-nsen di leɣlaḍ, yewwi-ten ṭṭmeɛ n yedrimen am Belɛam, negren am akken yenger Kuri asm'akken i d-yekker ɣer ccwal.
1:12 D ugur ameqqran m'ara ṭṭfen imukan gar-awen ɣer imensi n tegmaț, zehhun mbla lḥecma, țxemmimen kan ɣef yiman-nsen. Cban asigna yețțawi waḍu, ur d-yețțak lehwa ; cban ttjuṛ ur d-nețțak ara lfakya di lawan-nsent, mmutent, qquṛent dɣa țwaqelɛent.
1:13 Akken i d-ṭṭeggiṛent lemwaji timeqqranin tikufta-nsent n lewsex, i d-ssufuɣen nutni tikufta n leɛṛuṛ-nsen. Cban itran ixețțin, iɣellin ɣer dderb n ṭṭlam i sen ițwaheggan.
1:14 Fell-asen i d-icar Hinux iɛacen di lǧil wis sebɛa deffir Adem, mi d-yenna : atan a d-yas Sidi Ṛebbi nețța d luluf n lmalayekkat-is
1:15 iwakken ad iḥaseb imdanen meṛṛa, ad iɛaqeb imcumen ur ten-tḍuɛ ara, ɣef yir lecɣal-nsen, ɣef rregmat i d-ssufuɣen yemcumen-agi seg yimawen-nsen .
1:16 Imdanen-agi ur steqniɛen ara deg wayen xeddmen, teddun s lebɣi n tnefsit-nsen ; imeslayen-nsen ččuṛen d zzux, sqizziben i yemdanen ɣef ddemma n nnfeɛ-nsen.
1:17 Ma d kunwi a wid eɛzizen, mmektit-ed ayen i wen-d-nnan yakan ṛṛusul n Ssid-nneɣ Ɛisa Lmasiḥ
1:18 asm'akken i wen-d-qqaṛen : di zzman aneggaru ad ilin wid ara yețmesxiṛen fell-awen, ara ilḥun s lebɣi n tnefsit-nsen.
1:19 Ihi, d wigi i d-yețțawin lxilaf ger yemdanen, țxemmimen anagar ɣef wayen yeɛnan ddunit, ur sɛin ara Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen n Sidi Ṛebbi deg wulawen-nsen.
1:20 Ma d kunwi ay iḥbiben-iw, snernit liman-nwen yeṣfan, deɛɛut s tezmert n Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen.
1:21 ?ṭfet di leḥmala n Sidi Ṛebbi, țeklet ɣef ṛṛeḥma n Sidna Ɛisa Lmasiḥ, ara wen-d-yefken tudert yețdumun.
1:22 ?unnet ɣef wid yețcukkun sfehmetțen
1:23 iwakken ad țțuselken, jebdet-țen-id si tmes. Llan daɣen wiyaḍ ilaq aț-țḥunnem fell-asen meɛna ɣuṛ-wat aț-țennalem ulamma d llebsa-nsen i tessenǧes lǧețța-nsen.
1:24 Tanemmirt tameqqrant i win yesɛan tazmert ad iḥader fell-awen iwakken ur tețțecḍem ara, a kkun-id isbedd zdat-es mbla lɛib di tmanegt- ines s lfeṛḥ ameqqran.
1:25 Tamanegt tameqqrant i Sidi Ṛebbi awḥid i gellan d amsellek-nneɣ s Ɛisa Lmasiḥ Ssid-nneɣ ; i Yillu nneɣ lhiba, tazmert, lḥekma akk-d lɛaḍima, uqbel a d-texleq ddunit, di lweqt-agi akk-d lweqat i d-iteddun ! Amin !

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Tusnakt
Tu'snakt d tu'ssna yi'mḍanen s-umata, tettwa sileɣ s t'musniwin ti'madwanin (connaissances abstraites) s tallat n i'zebzan i'meẓlan (raisonnements logiques) ɣef t'miḍranin (consepts) am yi'mḍanen (nombres), ta'nezgit (géométrie), ti'skiwin (structures) neɣ i'seɣwal (transformation). Tu'snakt tbedd daɣen ɣef ta'ɣult n te'gmi (recherche) iy ssendalen (developpe) ti'musniwin, akk d wayen it sselmad.
Agbur
- 1 A'ẓuṛ n wa'wal
- 2 A'mezruy
- 3 Ta'ɣulin n tu'snakt (domaines des mathématiques)
- 4 Leqdic n tu'snakt (la pratique des mathématiques)
- 5 Assab yellan ger tu'snakt d tussniwin nniḍen (les mathématiques et les autres sciences)
- 6 Tusnakt d te snagayt (mathematic and philosophy)
A'ẓuṛ n wa'wal[beddel]
Tu'snakt d a'wal id yussan deg sin wa'walen i'lelliyen tu'ssna d kti (tu'ssna= science, ket = mesurer; tu'snakt= science de mesure (mathématiques), tu'ssna n we'ktay).
A'wal n tu'snakt d a'wal a'maynu iss nefka deg t'miḍi agi nneɣ, uqbel i'Maziɣen neɣ Leqbayel d wid yesseqdacen tu'snakt d acu s tu'tlayin nniḍen, ama deg tu'snakt ama deg tu'sniwin nniḍen, am augustin
A'mezruy[beddel]
Uqbel ad tili tira nezmer ad nin belli a mdan (l'homme) yesseqdac yakan tusnakt. Ta Yawsa ta mezwarutt id ibegnen ti wezatin n we siḍen (compétences de calcul) d'iYes n Ishangoig llan 20000 i seggasen uqbel tallit aki nneY.
tusnakt tzeger'd krad (3) i mecwaren (étapes) anida tura(a myag aru) tilawt (existence) ines:
1 - ta berma ta grikit (civilisation grecques)
2 - ta berma n te neslemt(civilisation islamique)
3 - ta lalit n t'eurupit ( rennaissance européenne)
4- Ti midi (siècle) tis XX (20 s te latinit)
Ta'ɣulin n tu'snakt (domaines des mathématiques)[beddel]
Tu'snakt tebḍa ɣef sin(2), krad(3) neɣ uqus(4) ye ḥricen i mezliyen(différents) i tezga tesseqdac : aljiber(algèbre) d we sebrurez(analyse) neɣ aljiber, a sebrurez d te nezgit(géométrie) neɣ daɣen Aljiber, A sebrurez, ta nzeggit akk d tadwala (probabilité). Ti lissa ger we ḥric d wayeḍ ur banent ara akken igerrez, axaṭṭer llan aṭṭas n i gemmaḍ ig ssawalen ɣer te wzatin tusnakin(compétences mathématiques) id yussan m yal a ḥric. A maɣil n Wiles(théorème de Wiles) ittwa seɣser deg seggas n 1994, d a medyat anyari(arithmitique) d'acu a neggaru aki issaswal i kra n te ɣawsiwin yellan deg ḥricen nniḍen aem we sebrurez d te nezgit i w'akken ad nbeggen ta senẓayt(démonstration) ines.
Leqdic n tu'snakt (la pratique des mathématiques)[beddel]
Ti'gmi deg tu'snakt(la recherche en mathématiques)[beddel]
Ti'gmi tu'snikt (recherche mathématique) ur d ḥudd ara kan ɣer t'senẓayt n i'maɣilen (démonstrations des théorèmes),
Ti'meslayin tu'snikin (language mathématique)[beddel]
Tusnakt tesseqdac ta mslayt ig llan inettat d ta zedgant, uma yella tewwi'd kra n w'awalen aem aggay (groupe), ti ndert (anneau), d acu nbeddel asen anamek nsen i w'akken ad begnen i wetta usniken (termes mathématiques), akken daɣen ig lla w'assar nneɣ(notre besoin) i w'akken ad nessenfali(exprimer) kra n te ɣawsiwin, nesmentil'd (nesnulfay) awalen iɣ iwulmen aem ddutugdit (injection), nnigtugdit (surjection) neɣ allustugdit (bejsction), tugett n w'awalen usniken rran tusnakt d ta germant (difficile) i wid ur nessin tusnakt.
Ta'meslayt n tu'snakt tesseqdac daɣen I zumal (symboles).
Assab yellan ger tu'snakt d tussniwin nniḍen (les mathématiques et les autres sciences)[beddel]
Tusnakt tesseqdac assaben usligen d tussniwin nniḍen. A sebrurez n ye gtilen (analyse de données) yessawal ɣer te wezzatin n tusnakt. Merra tussniwin ti quranin, ta ragit n ye gna ines tessawal ɣer we sebrurez usnik iɣ mellen ugar n ye gtilen i myal ta jrut.


text:
Acenyal Amaziɣ
Acenyal Amaziɣ neɣ Asenǧaq Amaziɣ yettwanulfa-d deg iseggasen n 70 sɣur Agraw Imaziɣen (l'Académie berbère). Deg 1998, s ifassen n u-Congrès mondial amazigh (CMA) iy gan agraw-nsen amenzu deg tigzirin tikanariyen eg Tmurt n Sbanya, asenğaq-agi yuɣal d asenğaq amenṣub n imaziɣen akken ma ttilin ukk ttidiren deg umaḍal marra.
Ɣur-s krad (3) n yiniten (couleurs) : azerwal (blue), azegzaw (vert), awraɣ (jaune). Deg tlemmas ines yettwars usekkil s yini (couleur) azeggʷaɣ (« ⵣ », aza neɣ yaz) s tifinaɣ.
- Azerwal anamek ines d ill Agrakal (mer Méditerranée) ;
- Azegzaw anamek ines idurar izegzawen n Tefriqt ugafa ;
- Awraɣ anamek ines d tiniri n Tefriqt ugafa (désert neɣ Esseḥra).


text:
Aɛumar
Aɛumar d taɣiwant n twilayt n Tubiret i-d yezgan ar ugugas utraman (confin) n Tmurt n Leqbayel af wakalen n yinezliwen xas ttweɛraben aṭas imezdaɣ deg-sen d sruḥen tamaziɣt am tmiwa am Delles neɣ Lexḍariya.
Tarakalt[beddel]
Aɛumar tezga-d ar 95 km seg Ledzayer Tamanaɣt, deg ubrid aneɣlaw wis semmus (RN 5) i d-yettawin ar Qṣenṭina. Amkan agejdi n tɣiwant illa gar RN5 d RN25 (abrid i-d ittawi si Tacentirt ar Tizi-Wezzu) ar wekan i wumi imezdaɣ qqaren-as "Bracema" (Aɛumar-Tamersiwet)
Aɛumar di 1998 tela azal n 20 532 imezdaɣ, tigti deg-sen reggwen taremɣa (terrorisme) deg tuddar d ixliǧen deg useggasen n 1990.
Tuddar[beddel]
- Aɛumar-Tamersiwet
D axliǧ agejdi n tɣiwant, bnan-it tama n tmersiwet (gare)
- Aɛumar-Alemmas : llan iǧendarmiyen deg tama-nni.
- Lmaǧen Luṭfi
- Leǧwhara
- Tizi Larvɛa
- Tala Meryem
- At Naṣṣer
- At Aɛmar (Laâmara)
- Leqrarib - Bxila
- At Yussef
- Daḥsa
- Tala Wudi
- At Lekfif
- Bumiya


text:
Adlis
Adlis d taffa n isebtar n lkaɣeḍ rqiqen yuran jemɛen s uxiḍi neɣ asenteḍ s llesqa, ssyin akin, a ten-ɣumen s lkaɣeḍ zuren. S imeslayen nniḍen, adlis d allus s tugta n tira n weḍris akken ad taweḍ tussna d tmussni ɣur yal amdan anda yebɣa yili, tallit yebɣa yedder-itt. Adlis daɣen mačči d aḥraz kan n yeḍrisen, d taɣawsa tafessast nezmer a tt-nawi deg ufus-nneɣ, s anda nebɣa ad nruḥ yis-s akken a tt-nɣer . idlisen ma ggten, nḥerrez-iten di temkarḍit n wexxam neɣ tin yebnan I yemdanen s umata meqqret ɣef tmezwarut .
Zdat ad yesnulfu wemdan isekkilen akken ad yaru tutlayt-is, yessuneɣ tiktiwin-is ɣef weẓru, amedya n yeslaḍen n Tasili deg uneẓruf n Tefriqt ugafa umi neqqar Tiniri. Akka I d-yebda umezruy n isalalen n tira akken ad yessenfali wemdan tiktiwin-is wa a ten-yeḥrez. Seg weslaḍ n weẓru ɣer win n ideqqi, akal-nni isi nettmahal afexxar, iɣerfan, yal yiwen amek d-yesnulfa asalel I tira-s.Si tallit ɣer tayeḍ asalel yemhez d tɣermiwin ; mačči d yiwen I yeqdec wemdan I tira, islaḍen n weẓru d wid udeqqi, tancirt, lkettan…
Iferɛunen sqedcen papyrus, d yiwen yemɣi teddzen.ssyin akin, iɣerfan nniḍen snulfan-d adlis amezwaru yesɛan isebtar n weglim n iɣersiwen umi fkan isem n parchemin. Ayen yura s tegrigit ugellid amaziɣ Yuba II yewweḍ-aɣ-d deg yedlisen n weglim n iɣersiwen…maca tagrawla n wedlis teḍra-d d wesnulfu n lkaɣeḍ di tazwara di tmurt n Ccin, ssyin akkin d tamacint n Mass Gutenberg di Lalman.d isekkilen yettembiwilen I d-yurwen adlis atrar I nesɛa tura.
Adlis amaziɣ s tutlayin tiberraniyin yetbɛa amhaz d-yeḍran deg wemḍal. Ma d win yuran srid s tmaziɣt tatrart ilul-d deg iseggasen 1980.Ungal Askuti, Faffa, Iḍ d wass d wiyaḍ ldin abrid I tutlayt d weɣref amaziɣ I lebni n tɣerma-s.
Tamselyut[beddel]


text:
Kabyles.net: Di tazwara am-inniɣ, azul fell-am
Taninna: Azul a belkacem. Tanemmirt ik i la3rad inek !
Kabyles.net: tanemmirt ula d kem imi tqebleḍ laɛraḍa inu, uqbel a nemeslay af ccna nebɣa a nẓer anta I d taninna?
Taninna: Taninna d yiwet n tacennayt nat yiraten, xas akken tlul deg fransa. ɣures ssin iḍebsiyen, wis tlata atan ur yettɛettil ara a d-yeffeɣ!
Kabyles.net: Imi kem tluleḍ i fṛansa , d acu kem-iwwin ad tecnuḍ s teqbaylit yerna tesxedmed tameddyazt di tezlatin-im ?
Taninna: Seg wass mi s cfiɣ i temẓi-w, lliɣ ḥemmleɣ taqbaylit. Maca lliɣ ḥemmleɣ tameddyazt seg mi lliɣ d tamectuḥt maḍi. Bdiɣ ttaruɣ s trumit qbel. Umbɛad mi wezneɣ akken ilaq taqbaylit d lehḍur is, bdiɣ ttaruɣ tameddyazt s teqbaylit.
Kabyles.net: taninna txeddem isefra uqbel aẓawan naɣ d aẓawan I d amezwaru imiren ad tnadiḍ isefra ?
Taninna: D tikwal a gma. Llan isefra a d yasen weḥḥed-sen. A ten jemɛeɣ xas d issegwassen daxel tektabt inu. Mi d- yewweḍ lebɣi a ten-cnuɣ, a sen-xedmeɣ aẓawan. Llant diɣen tikkal anda ara d tas teddukel tikti uẓawan d usefru s ilaqqen, dina a ten rejistriɣ direct i wakken ur yi ttruḥun ara. Xas akkeni, llant tikta iyi ttruhun. Ur cfiɣ ara anwa akken umeddyaz afṛansis i s-yennan, isefra-iw ak yelhan d widen ur uriɣ ara...
Kabyles.net: D tidett akka i yella lḥal, m’ara nsel i tezlatin-im nettwali am akken tella lḥaja daxel nset , dayen tettidireḍ naɣ dayen tettwaliḍ ɣar wiyaḍ ? Acku m’ara nwali laɛmer-agi tesɛiḍ, tesuffɣeḍ-d iẓuran n wul-im s imeslayen icebḥen.
Taninna: Anaẓur anda yela, ittawi-d aẓar i wxeddim-is deg wayen ttwalint wallen-is d wayen iḥuss wul-is. Sin akkin, izmar ad iḥass ula di tedyant i s-yedran i win ur yesin. Ittussema mačči kkan dayen ɛeceɣ faydeg ara ssefruɣ... acku lukan dayen kkan i jerbeɣ ar aruɣ, dina kkan ara ddawareɣ, deg wayen ttɛiciɣ... nezmer ad ninni diɣen, lemmer ayen akw itɣenni umeddyaz iɛac-it, tili iɛac 100 n ssna i tudert-is!
Kabyles.net: ihi tebɣiḍ ad tinniḍ tudert unaẓur tezga temuɣben ,daccu I yesssawḍen Taninna ad textiṛ le style moderne ɣaf iyaḍ ?
Taninna: D ssaḥ qqaren di tmetti, anaẓur yezga yemuɣben, nekk tikwal mačči akka i twaliɣ tamsalt, tettwanefk-iyi taɣawsa ghlayen acku asnulfu agi zemreɣ a d-snulfuɣ, yetterra-d rruḥ i wmuḍin, xas d awal kkan. Akken a muɣebneɣ cituḥ, dqiq- ni deg ar aruɣ asefru ni, yekfa lxiq, tettuɣal-iyi-d tarwiḥt.
Ma d le style agi n moderne, ur zemreɣ ara a k inniɣ acugher yemmal wul iw akka... seg mi liɣ d tamectuḥt hemmleɣ tameddyazt n ccnawi. Donc ittmal wul iw ar tezlit n tayri, d tin s usefru lqayen acku d tin n tmuɣli af ddunit.
Kabyles.net: dayen issefraḥen m’ara-nwali mazal wid ibɣan ad ɛetben af ayla-nsen acku ayen d-ittasen s laɛtab ɣlay. A d-nuɣal ɣer ṣṣut-im iban-d am akken immal cituḥ ɣar tawes nat amruc.
Taninna: Tanemmirt ik a k-iɛuzz yilu! Ihh, d tidett, nnan-iyi annect agi, maca nnan-iyi diɣen ttakeɣ acbiɣ deg ṣṣut iw ar malika domrane, d djouhra n terbaɛt n djurdjura. Dayen iyi ssefraḥen atas acku d timeqqranin di ccna aqbayli, u ḥemmleɣ a sent-ssleɣ, am akken ḥemmleɣ diɣen aṭas zohra, a s yaɛfu yilu!
Kabyles.net: dayen ara m-ifkken afud s waṭas. Taninna d acu I d iswi-inem di ccna?
Taninna : Iswi inu? Ad tughal ccna s teqbaylit ar wemkan is n zik:):) A d-ninni d asfelti !
Kabyles.net: mi d-tuddreḍ ccna n zik , tettwaliḍ am akken ccna teqbaylit yaɛraq yixf-is neɣ d wid isemḥassen iwumi yaɛreq laṣel!
Taninna: Mazal iyi meẓẓiyeɣ i wakken a kin-inniɣ tidett yelan, maca a kin inniɣ ayen waleɣ. Aṭas n tutlayin i d-yernan ar teqbaylit-neɣ tineggura agi. Ur keččemeɣ ara deg tsertit, neɣ deg mezruy bac a kid-inniɣ yelha neɣ ur yelha ara, maca akken waleɣ nekk, taqbaylit teḥwaj yal wa deg neɣ. Xas nessen tutlayin niḍen, ilaq ur nettaǧǧa ara taqbaylit acku d nettat i d agerruj n wegdud neɣ , macci d tin niden!
Kabyles.net: D awal ilhan , I kem d acu tettwaliḍ di ccna amaynut d-ikeccmen di tezlitt taqvaylit am akka d-tenniḍ tutlayin tibeṛṛaniyin weltent di tezlitt taqvaylit ?
Taninna: Nekk ɣuri, ur ilaq ara a nexleḍ tutlayin daxel yiwen usefru. La tettwaliḍ deg ẓawan beddat tzemreḍ ad tellid tiwwura ar tmura tibeṛṛaniyin, i wakken ad tsedduḍ ayen tḥemmled deg-sent ar uzawan inek. Ma d tameddyazt ur ilaq ara ad txelded awalen n ssnat negh tlata tutlayin deg yiwen n wawal di ccna. Yewɛaṛ wayen bɣiɣ a tid-inniɣ a tid-sfehmeɣ akken ilaq. Nekk ɣur-i tutlayt-neɣ ur teḥwaǧ tin niḍen I wakken ad tseggem tmeddyazt-is. Teẓriḍ ar la berra d azal i s-yettenqasen i tutlayt ni. Wali kkan achḥal ixdem axessar le rai zik ni. Ma d tura dayen...
Kabyles.net: D tidett. A wi yufan lukan ayla-naɣ a s-d-sslen lbeṛṛani i wakken ad ggren tamawt ɣer yidles-naɣ. A d-nuɣal ɣer le cd inem amaynut acḥal n tezlatin deg-s, melmi ar a d-iffeɣ ?
Taninna: Ad ilint 10 n tezlatin tijdidin deg-s akw 2 n zayed, umu a ffkeɣ udem niḍen! Ma selkeɣ-t deg wakud iwenɛen, mayela ufiɣ l’éditeur, menneɣ a tid-suffɣeɣ di tagara n 2011!
Kabyles.net: ssaramareɣ ad iddu akken iwetaɛ nebla ccek s tmeddyazt iccebḥen. Hedr-aɣ-id af le clip inem ajdid !
Taninna: Ay idir I d tizlit tamenzut d-ssufɣeɣ, seg wdebṣi agi ajdid ara d-yeffɣen.
Kabyles.net: Ay Idir ?
Taninna: Ihh, ẓriɣ a yi-d-testeqsiḍ ! Iswi-inu s tezlit-agi, ad xedmeɣ tazwara aẓawan a d-yerren imeẓẓyanen-agi neɣ d-ittlalen deg tmura tiberranyin ar tezlit taqbaylit. Nxedm-as yiwen uẓawan i ḥemmlen aṭas (rnb). Deg-s diɣen, uddreɣ-d isem n wergaz. Nekk akken iyi tefka tmusni-w, ulac ak tin yecnan isem n wergaz di tezlit n tayri. Ma xelṭeɣ inni-iyi-d. Tela malika domrane I d-yuddren le maréchal Beauprêtre daxel n tezlitt-is Bubriṭ ! Taggara, isem n Yidir ayen i textareɣ ? Acku Idir d isem aqbayli aqdim isɛan azal meqqren s unamek-is! Akken i menneɣ ad tidir teqbaylit-iw !
Kabyles.net: Tanemmirt aṭas a Taninna. In-aɣ-id llant tmeɣriwin d-theggaḍ uqbel tuffɣa uḍebsi agi ?
Taninna: Llant kra n tekta maca tezriḍ ur ishil ara ma teddreḍ deg tmurt taberranit. Di talwit a d-naf ttawil amek ara nsefreḥ wid ɣ-ittrajun ama deg tmurt-iw ama deg fransa!
Kabyles.net: Dayen i nesarram daɣen ad tili tagnitt iwaken wid illan di tmurt ad issinen anta i d Taninna.
Taninna: I lehna ad tezzi tegnitt a ɣ-isferḥen kunwi d nekkini.
Kabyles.net: tanemmirt ula d kemm , awal n taggara.
Taninna: Awal n tagara i wass-a, a kin inniɣ tanemmirt i yesteqsiyen- ik igerzen atas. Menneɣ dayen a sen-iɛjben i watmaten neɣ d tesmatin neɣ iqbayliyen. Ar tikkelt niden, awal yidek d tamemt!
Kabyles.net: tanemmirt I kem d-iqqimen yidneɣ sarmeɣ mačči d tikkelt taneggarut, uqbel a neɣleq tadiwennit-agi , d acu ara tinniḍ I tarbaɛt n jsk d wid t-iḥemmlen?
Taninna: Jsk d iseɣ n wegdud aqbayli. Ilaq iyi ad s3uɣ amayut-ines ula d nekk:)
Interview réalisée par Belkacem Sikadir,
Pour Kabyles.net
Taninna di Facebook:
http://www.facebook.com/?ref=logo#!/pages/Taninna/168455306528768


text:
Naruto
Naruto (ナルト) d yiwen u manga shōnen n Masashi Kishimoto, deg win id ifeY deg-s yiwen umestbae akfuḍ syiwen isem. Amestbae agi iţţawid tanfust n u ninja dilemẓi aken, Naruto Uzumaki, iţnadi ad iţwasen syawk meden s tuYalin da Hokage, in ibYan adyini d anezmar n tadart.
A manga ifYed itikelt tamenzut deg Japon deg nwember 1999 Yef tasḍunt Weekly Shōnen Jump n umazrag Shūeisha. Ma s tefransist telad deg 2002 sYur imazrag Kana, s ugellel n 5 isunad net ufYa tajaponit. Ufaris Studio Pierrot ed Aniplex,tamekfadhut tafda l 03 n'Tuber 2002, Yef tilizri TV Tokyo mayela deg fransa degḍed Yer Game One di 2 n yennayer 2006 daYen Ɣef NT1 di ukčum uYarbazi 2007.
A mezruy[beddel]
Ta zwara[beddel]
A mezruy n Naruto idarru deg yiwen umaḍal deg-s izri d imal anida, ghas aken fghented atas n tiknolojitin n tura, iningaten d cwit n isamurayen qimen d nutni id tinezmarin tiserdasin. Duklen deg tuddar yal yiwet s tazmart-is ghur-sen amzun timiḍi, iningaten skarayen imenɤi tikwal yeldi tikwal « semmed » gar tixarubin deg atas-aya.
Yiwen gar imrigen isexdamen deg taluft agi d aggay n tiza(9) igmusen, qaren-asen ccwaṭen s tjelhumin, ig zemren ad tswa swen s imdanen mba3d yiwet n tafugla taɣersawt iwaken ad s3un tazmert-n-sen. mraw-d-sin(12) uqbel tazwara n tamacahut, yiwen n igmusen agi, imi qaren Kyuubi, itswa tef yerna itswa zzu deg yiwen uqcic aken id-ilul kan isemman Naruto Uzumaki s ufus n Hokage wis ukuz(4) n taddart n Konoha.
Synopsis[beddel]
Tamacahut tbeddu deg tilemzi n Naruto, gher mraw-d-sin n isegesen ines. D agujil, deg mad ikker netsan d abessal d ambassi, ixedem akk tiwugha ig zmer iwaken at id-zren medden. Targit-is: adyughal Hokage aken ad st3arfen siyes imezdagh n tadart-is. Laxater, ccittan n ig twa hebsen deg-es isekred aggad d akrah n at-tadart, id, swussan ttun lfarq gar Kyuubi d Naruto. Ghas aken, Naruto itstrini mlih iwaken ad yughal da genin, taseddart tamezwarut deg iningaten. Mba3d atas useyyi, igged ar tagara as d fken amenyir n Konoha akk d assali-nes ar genin. Yughal ini itsekki deg tarba3t deg-s krad iheppaden ninja, d Sakura Haruno d uhric n Sasuke Uchiha. Cwit cwit, mlalen ajounin-n-sen, win at nislemden : wini mu snen akk Kakashi Hatake.
Deg tazwara tsaggadent yarnu karhent at taddart, cwit cwit yerna deg tazmert yerna irebhed lemqadra d lehmala n at taddart s lfedel n unughen ig ugar deg-sen i3dawen imeqranen n Konoha gar-asen atas n at taddart n zik. Cwit cwit, axetet n uhkem n dunnit n yiwen deg-sen ibaned.
Udmawen[beddel]
Tazwara n umeruy itekka f ukuz(4) udmawen imenzawiyen : Naruto Uzumaki d amunu, maca daɣen Sakura Haruno, Sasuke Uchiwa d sensei-nsen Kakashi Hatake, llan deg amzun akk aylan imezwura n umanga.
S akinna, fɣend udmawen imaynuten, am Sannin, krad(3) ininjaten yetwasnen ad yuɣalen d iselmaden n krad(3) inelmaden deg usatu amaynu, ayen ad yawin asengara-nsen. Naruto aqlalaḥ ad yeḍfar Jiraya, d aninja amazuf s wul ameqran, aselmad n zik n Hokage wis ukuz(4); Sakura, ig rsen, at dfar aselmed n uninja amsejay Tsunade ; Sasuke affakas ad yughal d immesten n Orochimaru, yetwasnen am usemdan, maca d amenɣiw yetwanudan, yellil tirmitin igdlen yarnu yexsa ad yawi tafekka n Sasuke.
Sya ar zzat n temacahut, udmawen imaynuten fɣend, wid ad yuɣalen d imenzaɣ (Gaara, Rock Lee …), d imdukkal (Shikamaru Nara, Hinata Hyuga …) naɣ ad yuɣalan d icenguten imeqranen, am imaslaḍen n Akatsuki, tuddsa ur nessin n iningaten irewlen izemren atas atas.


text:
Takfarinas agellid
-
- ASEFHAM : Ma tettnadiḍ Takfarinas, anaẓur n ccna, ruḥ ar Takfarinas Ḥsen Zermani
Takfarinas yella d aqerru n trad mgal Rruman di tidmi amenzu baɛd talalit n Ɛisa (yemmut deg useggas 24).
Isem-is s tlaṭinit d Tacfarinas (ljenitif Tacfarinatis), anamek-is d "win n Takfarin" wissen yella Takfarin (neɣ Tikfarin) d isem n teddart ansi d-yekka.
Takfarinas yella d aserdas aqbur n lɛasker n Rruman. Yessemlal-d kra iserdasen yid-es, u ffYen-d si lɛasker n Rruman, anda ruḥen ad nnaYen mgal ugellid n Muritanya Yuba II, i ḥesben ixeddem ilmend Rruman, u d wigi i t-yesulin ar udabu n tgelda n TmazYa.
Mi eeddan 7 iseggasen n trad, yuYal yenYa-t lkunsul n Rruman di TmazYa Dolabella.
Iɣbula[beddel]
- Tacitus, Annales, II–IV


text:
Litwanya
Litwanya d yiwet si tmura yellan zik d aḥric si Tdukli Tasuvyatit. Uqbel ma yekcem ɣer tdukli-yagi, tewwi azarug-is di 1920, d acu kan, Isuvyatiyen ṭṭfen tamurt-a xas ur yebɣi wegdud-is di 1940, u ḥettmen-tt ad tili d aḥric seg wemḍal amezdukli (monde communiste) alammi d 1990, asmi ay tt-id-tuɣal tlelli-yines i tikkelt tis snat. Tuzga-d Litwanya ɣef yiri n yilel Abalti (mer Baltique), yernu nettat d yiwet si tlata-nni n tmura tibaltiyin (pays baltes), ɣer tama Liṭṭunya akk d Isṭunya, wukud tecrek aṭas n tɣawsiwin, ama deg yedles neɣ deg umezruy. Litwanya tesɛa tilisa akk d Liṭṭunya deg ugafa (nord), akk d Byilurusya deg wegmuḍ (ccerq), akk d yilel Abalti deg wetram u tḥudd-itt-id Pulunya akk d wasun (territoire) arusi n Kaliningrad seg wetram akk d wenẓul (sud). Tamaneɣt-is isem-is Vilnius, ma d Klaipeda, ay d-yuzgan deg wetram (lɣerb) d yiwet si temdinin timeqqranin akk n tmurt-a.
Tamselyut[beddel]
- Deg mondeberbere.com sɣur imedyazen.


text:
Muḥemmed Buḍyaf
Muḥemmed Buḍyaf, s taɛrabt محمد بوضياف, ilul ass n 23 yunyu 1919 di temnaḍt n Wled Madi deg Lwilaya n Temsilt. asmi yeḥbes ulmud-is deg useggas n 1942, yekcem Yer uxeddim Yer srabes n LeYrama di temnaḍt n Jijel. Syen yekcem Yer ukabar n waYref Azzayri (PPA) anda yuYal d aYalat n tudsa n lbaḍna (OS) di temnaḍt n Qsenṭina deg useggas n 1947.
Di 1950, icuree, anda i ḥekmen fell-as s lḥebs. 3 n yiseggasen mbeed (1953) yunag Yer tmurt n Fransa, syen yekcem Yer ukabar n MTLD. Ur ieeṭṭel ara, ikcem-d Yer tmurt n Lezzayer anda yuYal d imḍebber aelayan n tudsa n C.R.U.A. (Comité Révolutionnaire pour l’Unité et Action), yella daYen ger terbaet n 22 i yessekren tagrawla n tmurt n Lezzayer ass n umenzu n wember 1954. Deg tuber 1956 yettwaṭṭef netta akked yimeddukal-is gar-asen At Ḥmed d wiyiḍ di tmesrifegt i ten-id-yewwin seg tmurt n Lmerruk Yer Tunes. Asmi tefra tegrawla tazzayrit, mass Mohamed Boudiaf islul-d Akabar n Tegrawla tanemlayt (Parti de la Révolution Socialiste).
Deg yunyu 1963 yettwaḥbes s wufus n Ben Bella, eezlen-t Yer unẓul n tmurt n Lezzayer azal n 3 n wagguren, syen iruḥ Yer tmurt n Lmerruk. Aseggas n 1972, yettruḥ yettuYal ger tmurt n Fransa d tmurt n Lmerruk, iqeddec Yef ukabar-is (P.R.S.) am wakken i iqeddec daYen deg yiwet n tesYunt El Djarida, anda yella d imḍebber fell-as. Mbeed tamettant n uselway Azzayri Hewwari Bumedyen deg useggas n1979, yerra talast i ukabar-is P.R.S, yuYal ixeddem i lfayda-s deg lewzin n Lyajur di temnaḍt n Kénitra di Lmerruk. Ass n 14 yennayer 1992, Mohamed Boudiaf yuYal-d Yer tmurt n Lezzayer akken ad yejber iYisi yewten di tmurt, imi lawan-nni yal tazYunt tetteummu di Lezzayer. Imḍebbren n tallit –nni teffeɣ-asen afus, gguman ad d-afen abrid ara yessufɣen ɣer tifrat, imi zzhir yuɣ tuddar d temdinin. DYa Mohamed Boudiaf yellan yettwanfa mi akken tufrar tagut ɣef tmurt imi tiktiwin-is mgaradent aṭas Yef tid n wid yeṭṭfen adabu s yiɣil, yugi leḥkem n leYder, leḥkem n ukabar awḥid, yerra-d i teYri n tmurt-is, yenna dakken talwit d tifrat n tmurt n Lezzayer ad ilint s tugdut. Yewwi-d yid-s amecwar Yezzifen, yebda lebni n tmurt Yef tidet. 166 n wussan kan iruḥ niqal yerra-d asirem i ugdud azzayri, yerra-d ifadden i yimdanen i ifeclen niqal, yerra-d tayri Yer wulawen, yesfeḍ asigna Yef tmurt, maca iedawen n tmurt akked tudert zgan eussen di yal amḍiq di yal lawan. Imi, ass n 29 yunyu 1992 Yef 11h15, tamurt n Lezzayer yeYli-yas ujgu alemmas, yeYli yiwen n urgaz yesean azal, yesrafeg usirem, imi Mohamed Boudiaf nYan-t yemcumen di temdint n Eennaba.


text:
Takurdit
Takurdit d isem ay ssexdamen i snat n tutlayin yettemcabin mliḥ, ttmeslayen-tent wazal n 13 n yimelyunen n yemdanen di tama-nni n Asya umi qqaren Kurdistan. Tamenzut d tutlayt takurmanjit (neɣ takurdit n ugafa), ma d tis snat d tutlayt tasuranit (neɣ takurdit n wenẓul), ay ttmeslayen wazal n 2.800.000 n yemdaben du Lɛiraq akk d 3.000.000 n yemdanen di Iran.
Takurmanjit, tin ay ttmeslayen waṭas n medden, ad tt-naf dɣa s waṭas di ¨Tturk, anda ay llan 4 n yimelyunen n medden ay tt-yettmeslayen, deg ugafa n Lɛiraq, di Surya tt-ttmeslayen 500.000 n medden, di Arminya (100.000 n yemsiwlen) akk d di Iran (100.000). Llan diɣ wid yettmeslayen takurdit takurmanjit di Jyurjya akk d Azerbiǧan, maca ur neẓri ara acḥal, am wakken ay llant diɣ trebbaɛ timecṭaḥ n Yikurdiyen ay izedɣen di tmura tiberr'aniyen (azal n 70.000 s ujemmal), ladɣa di Lubnan akk d Turuft, deg Yiwunak Yedduklen (USA) akk d Kanada.
Wid yettmeslayen takurdit tasuranit wwḍen ɣer 6 n yimelyunen s ujemmal, ma d wid yettmeslayen takurdit takurmanjit wwḍen ɣer wazal n 7 n yimelyunen, xas ma yella llan kra ay d-yeqqaren d akken wwḍen alammi d 20 n yimelyunen. Yuɣ lḥal, maci merr'a Ikurdiyen yellan ass-a d wid ay yessnen ad mmeslayen tutlayt-nsen imi tamsertit (assimilation) tessaweḍ aṭas seg-sen ad ǧǧen takurdit, yernu llan ula d imdanen yettmeslayen tutlayin nniḍen, am tguranit neɣ tadimlit (d tutlayin tihendurufiyin ay yettemcabin wagar-asent, maca mgerradent ɣef tkurdit), yernu ḥesben iman-nsen d Ikurdiyen, d aya ay yettaran tikwal leḥsabat weɛren.
Agbur
Tawacult-is[beddel]
Takurdit d tutlayt tahendurufit,tettekka deg ufurk n tutlayin tiraniyin , yernu yiwet si ger n tutlayin ay tt-icuban s waṭas d tafarsit ay yellan d tutlayt taɣelnawt n Iran, akk d tabalucit, tutlayt n Balucistan.
Tantalyin-is[beddel]
Tutlayt takurdit tettemxallaf ɣef leḥsab n tmiwa i deg tt-ttmeslayen. Imesnilsiyen (linguistes) ttwalin, s umata, d akken tasuranit akk d takurmanjit d tutlayin, yal yiwet i yiman-is, dɣa di lweqt i deg ttemcabint mliḥ deg umawal, sɛnt aṭas n wemgerrad (lxilaf) di tajerrumt-nsent, yernu tikwal, yewɛer' ɣef wid ay tent-yettmeslayen ad msefhamen wagar-asen. Ma d wiyaḍ, ttwalin-tent d snat kan n tantalyin n yiwet n tutlayt. Am tsuranit, am tkurmanjit, di snat yid-sent sɛant tiduntalyin (sous-dialectes) ay ttmeslayen di tmiwa-nsent. Tantala n temdint n Sulaimaniya, di Lɛiraq tuɣal d tutlayt tizeɣt (standard) n tsekla n Yikurdiyen n tmurt-a, di lweqt i deg di Iran, d tantala takurdit n Mukri (d yiwet si tentalyin n tsuranit) ay yuɣalen d tutlayt n tsekla, yernu maci aṭas ay temxallaf ɣef tin n Sulaimaniya. Si tama nniḍen, ula di lɣerba atni Yikurdiyen a d-sbeddayen tutlayt tizeɣt tamaynut, ladɣa s leqdic-nsen di rradyu.
Tira-s[beddel]
Di lweqt i deg Ikurdiyen n Lɛiraq, Iran akk d Surya sseqdacen agemmay aɛrab ay yettubeddlen akken ad arun tutlayt-nsen, Ikurdiyen n Tturk d agemmay alatini ay sseqdacen. Di Arminya akk d tegdudyin yellan zik s ddaw n udabu asuvyati, d agemmay asirili (arusi) ay sseqdacen Yikurdiyen, ma yella zik-nni, uqbel n 1946, Ikurdiyen n tmiwa-ya llan sseqdacen agemmay alatini, ay d-mazal ar ass-a sseqdacen-t kra.
Amkan n tkurdit di tmetti[beddel]
Di Iran[beddel]
90% seg Yikurdiyen ttidiren di tudrin, ma d wiyaḍ d imeksawen iteddun seg wemkan ɣer wayeḍ. Mbeɛd ma sɛeddan acḥal n yiseggasen s ddaw n lbaṭel n udabu irani, ssawḍen Yikurdiyen ad d-sbedden tasekla yuran s tutlayt-nsen di tmurt-a, yernu si 1984, tenqes mliḥ ccedda ɣef tkurdit di Iran imi ay izemren Yikurdiyen ad ɣren tutlayt-nsen di tmiwa-nsen, di tmurt-a. Aṭas n tsufaɣ (publications) ay d-yeffɣen seg yimir-n, yernu Ikurdiyen n Iran sɛan ula d tisgilin n rradyu yettmeslayen s tutlayt-nsen di tmurt-a.
Di Lɛiraq[beddel]
seg useggas n 1919 ay tesɛa tutlayt takurdit aẓayer amens'ab (statut officiel) n tutlayt taẓiyant (langue régionale), yernu d nettat ay d tutlayt n usselmed deg yiɣerbazen n udabu di Kurdistan aɛiraqi. Ihi Lɛiraq ad tili tesɛa lxers'um yiwen n weɣmis s tutlayt takurdit akk d yiwen n wexxam n teẓrigin (éditions) ay d-yessuffuɣen idlisen s tutlayt-a. D tantala takurdit n Sulaimaniya ay rran Yikurdiyen n Lɛiraq d tutlayt-nsen n tsekla, yernu ɛerḍen ad tezzizedgen seg wawalen-nni n taɛrabt ay yeṭṭuqqten deg-s.
Di Tturk[beddel]
di 1938 ay tettwagdel tkurdit yernu s kra n win ara tt-yemmeslayen di berr'a yezmer ad ixelles' tafgurt (amende). Di tallit-a taberkant ay sɛeddan Yikurdiyen, tutlayt-nsen tesr'uḥ aṭas seg wennar-is, aṭas n Yikurdiyen ay yuɣalen d isnutlayen (bilingues), yernu ciṭṭaḥ kan maḍi seg-sen ay ilemden ad ɣren u ad arun tutlayt-nsen. Di 1961, asmi ay d-tesbedd Tturk tamenḍawt (constitution) tamaynut, bdant a d-teffɣent tsufaɣ (publications) tikurdiyin, tikwal s snat n tutlayin, maca aṭas deg-sent ay yettwagedlen akken kan d-ffɣent. Yernu si 1967 alammi d taggara n yiseggasen n 1980, adabu aturki ikemmel kan yettzeggid di ccedda ɣef tkurdit yernu yesbedd-d aṭas n yisuḍaf (leqwanin) i yes ara sen-yerr takmamt i Yikurdiyen, ur ttmeslayen, ur ttarun tutlayt-nsen. D acu kan, di 1991, yekkes unabaḍ aturki agdal-nni-yines ɣef tkurdit, yernu xas ur d-qqimen ara aṭas n Yikurdiyen ay yettmeslayen takurdit di Tturk , maca ttwalin d akken tutlayt-nsen d aḥric yesɛan azal meqqren di tnettit-nsen.
Ma Ikurdiyen n Arminya, aṭas n leqdicat ay d-uran s tkurdit takurmanjit di tallit tasuvyatit.
Agdud-is[beddel]
Llan deg wemḍal wazal n 25 n yimelyunen n Yikurdiyen. Ger n 40 akk d 50% seg-sen ttidiren di Tturk, 25% seg-sen ttidiren di Iran, 20 % di Lɛiraq, llan diɣ di Surya, di tmura n wenẓul n Quqaz akk d Lubnan. Tuget tameqqrant deg Yikurdiyen d inselmen isunniyen, d acu kan, llan gar-asen diɣ kra n yiciɛiyen, n yiyazidiyen akk d yimasiḥiyen. Si lqern wis 10 d asawen, bdan Yikurdiyen a d-sbeddayan tigeldiyin (royaumes) tinselmin tisunniyin, gar-asent tageldit tayyubit (ayyubides) ay d-yesbedd Salaḥ Ddin (Saladin), d tin yennuɣen mgal n Yenmudag (Croisés) ger n tgara n lqern wis 12 d lqern wis 13. Di 1920, weɛdent tmura tutrimin (tiɣerbiyin) Ikurdiyen, s wemtawa (traité) n Sèvres d akken ad ten-ɛiwnent akken ad d-sbedden tamurt timziregt (indépendante) i1 yiman-nsen, d acu kan, di 1923, ttwaxedɛen Yikurdiyen deg wemtawa n Lausanne, yernu ur ten-id-is'ag' wacemma si tmurt-nsen. D aya ay ten-yeǧǧan ad bdun imenɣi mgal n ddewla ! n Mustafa Kamel Ataturk, di lweqt i deg Tturk tefka-yasen tiyitiwin iǧehden, yernu tenfa aṭas seg-sen seg wakal-nsen. Di 1945-1946, sbedden-d Yikurdiyen n Lɛiraq akk d Iran di Mahabad Tigduda tamagdayt takurdit ay yellan s ddaw n leɛnaya tasuvyatit, d acu kan, dindin kan sseɣlin-tt Yiɛiraqiyen akk d Yir'aniyen s lemɛawna n Briṭanya Tameqqrant. Imenɣi i lmend b uzarug ikemmel ladɣa di Lɛiraq, anda ay d-yessker Barazani imenɣi mgal n udabu alemmas ger n 1961 d 1970. Di 1974, tettunefk-as tfulmant (autonomie) i tama n Kurdistan aɛiraqi, yernu tuɣal Sulaimaniya d tamaneɣt-is. Deg wemgaru n Ir'an akk d Lɛiraq (1980-1988), yal yiwet si tmura-ya teɛreḍ ad tesseqdec Ikurdiyen n tmurt-nni nniḍen di les'laḥ-is. Di 1988, tanekra n Yikurdiyen di Lɛiraq tessaweḍ adabu aɛiraqi ad asen-yefk tiyita ur nesɛi tamtilt, imi ay yesseqdec imrigen ikruranen (chimiques) mgal-nsen. Ma di 1991, akken kan iɛedda wemgaru n Wekriẓ (guerre du Golfe), yewwet diɣ udabu aɛiraqi Ikurdiyen n tmurt-is, dɣa tger! - d iman-is tmetti tagraɣlant (communauté internationale) akken ad tḥudd fell-asen. Ikurdiyen n Lɛiraq assawḍen ad ṭṭfen aḥric meqqren seg tmiwa-nsen yernu sbedden-d di tmurt-nsen, di 1992, yiwet n "ddewla takurdit". Ma di Tturk, yettak udabu tiytiwin iǧehden mgal n Yikurdiyen ay d-yebdan imenɣi imselleḥ ara yesselḥay Ukabar n Yiqeddacen n Kurdistan neɣ PKK. Di 1999, yettwaṭṭef uɣella (imḍebber) n PKK, maca anect-a ur d-yerri ara lehna ɣer tmurt. Yuɣ lḥal, Tturk attan a tettwali iman-is terra-tt tmara ad asen-tefk izerfan-nsen i Yikurdiyen, ladɣa imi ara tessaram ad tekcem ɣer Tadukli Turufit (Union Européenne).
Amezruy-is n tutlayt takurdit[beddel]
Di 1934, ɛerḍen Yikurdiyen n Arminya ad rren takurdit takurmanjit d nettat ay d tutlayt ara yesduklen akk Ikurdiyen, maca ur ssawḍen ara. Llan diɣ yesdawanen (universitaires) ay iɛerḍen ad kksen imgerraden (lxilafat) yellan ger n tkurmanjit akk d tsuranit i lmend n wesdukel-nsent, maca ula d nitni ur ssawḍen ara. Yuɣ lḥal, takurdit takurmanjit tesɛa tasekla yuran d taqburt, tebda-d si tgara n lqern wis 16 akk d wis 17, u teḥbes di lqern wis 18 d wis 19, yernu d tin ay d-ssidren Yikurdiyen n Surya akk d wid yellan di Turuft, di tallit i deg tella Surya s ddaw n leɛnaya n Fransa. D Ikurdiyen n Surya ay d-issuffɣen aɣlis akurdi amenzu, s tkurdit takurmanjit, di 1932, sakin, ḍefrent-t-id aṭas n tsufaɣ (publicaitons) nniḍen ay d-yeffɣen di lɣerba.
Ma di Lɛiraq, d tamedyazt (poésie) takurdit n lqern wis 18, ay yuran s tentala n Suleymaniya ay ileɛben ddur' deg usebded n tutlayt takurdit tizeɣt di tmurt-a. Di tazwara n yiseggasen n 1920, bdan a d-teffɣen yeɣlisen s tkurdit di Suleymaniya, ma di 1931, yesteɛr'ef udabu aɛiraqi s tkurdit tasuranit, yernu bdan a tt-sselmaden deg yiɣerbazen imenza, d ayen yeǧǧan tutlayt-a ad tennerni mliḥ di Lɛiraq, u ad taf iman-is.
Yuɣ lḥal, yemxallaf wamek tella tkurdit si tmurt ɣer tayeḍ. Di lweqt i deg nezmer ad d-nini d akken tutlayt-a yegra-yas-d liser di Lɛiraq akk d Iran, di Tturk, i deg yettidir wazal n wezgen seg Yikurdiyen, mazal takurdit tettidir deg wuguren meqqren, yernu attan a tteddu akken ad tenger.
Tamselyut[beddel]
- Deg mondeberbere.com Tasuqilt sɣur Hafid Mesbah d Hamid Oubagha


text:
Tallat:Amawal n wikipedia
Seg Wikipedia
A[beddel]
- Afaylu (file s teglizit, fichier s tefransist)
- Amagrad (article)
- Amseqdac (user s teglizit, utilisateur s tefransist): Yal yiwen yezmer ad yuɣal d amseqdac n "Wikipedia", xas yura kra deg-s. Imseqdacen zemren ad kelsen s yisem-nsen neɣ s yisem-nniḍen i sen-yehwan, zemren daɣen ad qqimen war isem. Yal abeddil n usebter menwala yemmekti-t "umezruy" ines, ama d abeddel yexdem umseqdac ikelsen ama d abeddel sɣur umseqdac war isem (amezruy ad yemmekti kan tansa IP n uselkim [ordinateur]).
- Amezruy (history)
- Amuɣ uɛessi (watchlist)
- Anedbal (administrator s teglizit, administrateur s tefransist) d amseqdac izemren ad issemres kra n tiwura n useɣẓan (fonctions de logiciel) umu wer zmiren ara wiyaḍ. Yezmer ad isegdel af tira isebtaren, yezmer ad asen-yekks aɛekkel, yezmer a ten-yesfeḍ. Yezmer ad yerr isebtaren yettwakkesen. Yezmer ad yenfu imseqdacen-niḍen, neɣ ad yeğğ tuɣalin i imenfiyen. Yezmer daɣen ad ibeddel iznan n unagraw (system message).
- Asebter (page)
- Awwur (portal s teglizit, portail s tefransist)
T[beddel]
- Taggayt (category s teglizit, catégorie s tefransist)
- Tallat (help s teglizit, aide s tefransist)


text:
Loreen
Loreen isem-is unṣib d (Lorine Zineb Nora Talhaoui). Tlul deg 1983. D yiwet n tnaẓurt Tamaziɣt n ccna meqren ig ttidiren di tmurt n Sswid.
Tudert[beddel]
Tluled tcennayt Loreen ass n 16 Tuber asegwas 1983 (Agem, mraw tza d tamet krad) di temdint n Amur-Akuc (Marrakech) di tmurt n Lmarruk deg yiwet n twacult Tamaziɣt, vava-s d yemmas isin idsen d-imaziɣen icelḥiyen.
- Asegwas n 2004 turar Loreen di "Idol" lqem asuwidi n tedwilt American Idol
- Asegwas n 2005 tessufɣed tizlit "Snake" aked ugraw n Rob'n'Raz.
- Ass n 26 di mayu 2012, Loreen tebwi araz amezwaru di temzizzelt n euro vision di temdint n BAKU tamurt n Azerbayiǧan.
Aḍebsaru[beddel]
- 2005 : The Snake aked Rob'n'Raz
- 2011 : My Heart is Refusing Me (Uṭun wis tza 9 di Sswid)
- 2011 : Sober
- 2012 : Euphoria
- TBD : She's The OneTalɣa:Link GA


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Title: amrakchi
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Added on: April 29th, 2011
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text:
Tasnisnit Tamatut n Ugaraw
Tasnisnit Tamatut n Ugaraw (English : general circulation of the ocean, neɣ, Thermohaline circulation) d tasnisnit n w aman n ugaraw n uamaḍal. Tikli agi n w aman, tagel ɣer (depend) taẓɣelt yuk d tisent (salinity) n w aman, d ayen umi neqqar taneẓẓi n w aman (density). Di tasmuḍi n ugafa (north) d w anẓul (south) n umaḍal, aman ttismiḍen, ttubbun ar lqaɛ n ugaraw. Aman agi leḥḥun si ddaw n ugaraw n ufella. Aman agi s immal leḥḥun, s imal trennu teẓɣelt nsen. Dɣa ttalind ar tajumma (surface) n ugaraw, akken ad ezzin tikelt nniden ar ugafa d unẓul n umaḍal. Tiqit n w aman t-tezzid ar s amḍiq ines amenzu, ilas-as tamudi 2 000 iseggwasen.
Imasayen[beddel]
Snat n tɣawsiwin id imasayen af tikli yagi n w aman : Taẓɣelt, yuk d Tisent. Acku taneẓẓi tagel ɣersent. Ma ternu tazɣelt neɣ tisent (am deg gafa yuk d unẓul n umaḍal), trennu taneẓẓi. Ay agi, yeẓẓaẓay aman. Ɣaf ayen nni, iɣellin w aman ar lqaɛ n ugaraw. Ma at ader tazɣelt yuk d tisent, tettader taneẓẓi, dɣa ttifsusen w aman, ttalind ar tajumma n ugaraw.
Nfeɛ[beddel]
Tikli yagi n w aman nefɛent tagnawt, acku tettawi lḥamu seg tiɣwezza ig hman (tropic) ar ṭṭeṛf n umaḍal (poles). Yuk tettawi tasmuḍi si ṭṭeṛf n umaḍal ar tiɣwezza ig ḥman.


text:
Taggayt:Tasekla
Littérature. Aql-aɣ da, am wakk-a nezga… ntejjem wid i ɣ weǧǧan, wid ur nettwali ara d wid-nni izedɣen ulawen nneɣ. Akk-en yeweeṛ ɣef walebeaḍ ad yaf ameddakel n tidett, i yeweeṛ fell-as beṭṭu yid-es. Tadukli ur s teggent tilas, ur tt ttruẓunt temɣer neɣ temẓi, ssaeaya neɣ iri, tamussni d way-en iḍen. Timlilit d tegnitt slalayent-ed aḥulfu : ttemqadwan wulawen d tektiwin. D ay-a! Nnig way-a d asmeckukel d ukellex ɣef yiman-is, i wemdan.
Akk-a yal ass d asmeskti n Dda Ssaeid s way-en iga d yemla, d way-en nnan wiyiḍ fell-as. Yal tiɣmert deg ieedda tettader-ed isem-is. Tasreɣta, tamedyazt, tasekla, tiddukla, tasertit,… ttawint-d anza-s s yiseɣ d ṛṛeḥma. Win d-yudren Dda Ssaeid, yader-ed taẓuri d yedles. Isefra d tezlatin wwint-ed ɣef tektiwin-is, tisebdad-is wwint-ed ɣef tezmert ufus-is, amezgun d isaragen wwin-d ɣef tugniwin i yebɣa ad beddlent… Ma d “Tasga n ṭṭlam” d ungal swayes awal yessurug s awal, d asdukkel n tektiwin ta ɣer ta, d acqirrew n way-en yessefken ad yili neɣ ad ibeddel.
Dda Ssaeid yessaǧew ka ila ɣef tidett d yiseɣ s wul zeddigen. Tamussni-s tessager allaɣ, teffud ak timussniwin, tnuda timlilit d “wayeḍ”. Deg wawal n Urezqi Isyaxem : “…Je découvrais peu à peu pendant notre entretien un personnage attachant qui révélait son avidité des émotions pures, sa fascination pour les hommes de cultures de quelques origines qu’ils soient et une connaissance aiguisée de l’Histoire de notre pays.” Yesnulfa-d Muḥend Akli d temɣart n temɣarin s wudem n tlelli akk-en yella netta s timmad-is d wamek yettwali tudert : izenẓaren yuɣen d tafat. “Tafat i swayes iẓerr yeẓri deg way-en iferken. Tidett tettekkes timedlin imedlen ɣef yeẓri ifuden tafat. Tilelli, tidett, tafat d abrid uɣris ideg ggunin aṭas n yelmeẓyen d telmeẓyin.” Maca tuttriwin-is ur ufint ara tiririt neɣ ur tiririt ur s teččuṛ ara tit. Iseqsiyen-is gran-d eellqen am zzit n useggas-nni deg rrẓen yecbayliyen.
Asmekti n Dda Ssaeid d agmar n tizizwit, d asmenteg n tilla d tekta. D tagemt deg wenza swayes yettili gar-aneɣ, amzun yedder. Dda Ssaeid d azamul n tudert d yedles d tẓuri d tedmi zeddigen. Dda Ssaeid d timmugent n yal aseggas i nekni d-yegran deffir-es.
Nnaṣeṛ Uqemmum Ass 25 dujembeṛ 2005.
Adutaggayin
Taggayt agi tesɛa 2 adu-taggayin, ɣef ayed t-igi 2 ddaw agi.
A
- ► Amaru (51 P)
I
- Iḍrisen iseklanen (3 C)
Isebtar deg taggayt "Tasekla"
Taggayt agi tesɛa 9 isebtaren, ɣef ayed t-igi 9 ddaw-agi.


text:
Yidir
Yidir, isem-is unṣib Ḥamid Ceryat, d acennay Azwaw i ilulen deg useggas n 1949 deg At Laḥsen, di tama n At Yenni di tmurt n Leqbayel. D mmi-s umeksa, Yidir yeɣra tusnakal niqal ad yexdem deg weḥric n tamguri n Bitrul...maca (lamaɛna) yufa-d iman-is deg wannar n ccna. Deg 1973 i yebda amecwar-is s ugacur, imi yella d imeddzi n yiwet n tnaẓurt n ccna di Rradyu n teqbaylit. Icna-d imiren tazlitt-is yettwasen deg umaḍal A Baba-inu ba.
Kra iseggasen seld 1973, isufeɣ-ed aḍebsi ines amenzu, anda llant tuɣac izuznen acḥal n tsuta: A baba-Inu ba, Isefra, Ssendu, Azger, Muqleɣ,Zwitt rwitt, Cfiɣ, Azwaw, Tagrawla, Rrs-ed a yiḍes, Tiḍri n wegdud akw d Tamacahutt n tsekkurt. Deg useggas n 1979, isufeɣ-d aḍebsi-ines wis sin : A yarrac Nneɣ. Yeqqim azal n mraw kuz (14) iseggasen d amek i d-yerna aḍebsi wis krad, azwel-is : Inegmar neɣ Iṣeggaḍen n Tafat (Les Chasseurs de lumière) deg 1993. Maca deg 1986, yexdem yiwen n leqdic igerzen, imi isnejmaɛ-d kra n warrac imecṭaḥ di Franṣa, yessufɣ-ed yid-sen yiwen uḍebsi i yeqqimen deg umezruy n ccna azwaw, am uḍebsi n baba-inu ba. Aḍebsi isemma-yas: Taɣribt-iw akw d tarbaɛt n warrac Tiddukla.
Deg 1999, Yidir isekles aḍebsi-ines wis kuz, iwumi isemma: Timugat (Identités), anda i ittekka ucennay Azwaw Brahim Izri d unazur afranṣiw 'Maxime Le Forestier' d wiyaḍ am 'Manu Chao', 'Dan Ar Braz', Gnawa, d Zebda.
Deg useggas n 2002, isufɣ-d yiwen uḍebsi : sin igwemaḍ, yiwet n targit (Deux rives un rêve), ma di 2005, isufɣ-d aḍebsi: ger tazeqqa d wakal (Entre scène et Terre). Deg uneggaru aki iḥka-d yakw s tugniwin amecwar-is n ccna, di yal tazeqqa anda yecna, di kra n tmura.. yernad g asegwass n 2007 aḍebsi Fransa n tirmiwin (la France des couleurs)
Agbur
Tawilat uzawan n Yidir[beddel]
Deg uzawan n Yidir, aṭas n wallalen i iseqdac , ɣas ulamma Tajewwaqt tesɛa azal meqqren i izaden af wiyaḍ (imi Yidir yettureba-d ar yezwawen). Mi yella mecṭuh, ula d netta yekkat-itt akken iwata, yuɣ lḥal d tinna i d allal amenzu s wiyes i yebda yetturar aẓawan. Aẓawan i yeggar Yidir a naf deg-s imesla n ugambar (tagiṭart), tajewaqt d dderbuka. Imesla n tuɣac-is s teqbaylit, maca inumak-nsent d ameɣradan (n ddunit akk).
Isental n tuɣac n Yidir mgaraden, icennu af yinig -lɣerba- (ad d-nuɣal, wi' bɣyn, aɣrib), tameɣra (zwitt rwitt, azwaw, aya lxir inu, yelha wurar), cfata, aktay (cfiɣ, at zik, tagrawala), timucuha (baba-inu iba, tamacahutt n tsekkurt)... atg.
Tawila n uzawan n Yidir d icewwiqen i d-yesmektayen akal n lejdud, i-ɣ-d-iḥekkun af umezruy n yeZwawen akk d Tamazɣa s umata. Tuɣac n yidir ttakken-t sseglilizent ṣsura n win/tin i sent-isellen; senkarent-ed tamdanit (tujjma)deg wulawen. Ddeqs n tezlatin n Yidir iwumi ɛawden inaẓuren, mačči kan icennayen n Tmazɣa maca ula d iwerdanen. Ladɣa taɣuct-nni « Baba-inu ba» ɛawden-as ugar n 17 icennayen seg yal tama deg umaḍal.
Tisfifin akk d iḍebsiyen n Yidir[beddel]
Ger tazeqa d wakal (2005)[beddel]
De uḍebsi-ya n DVD, att-afem tudert d umecwar n Yidir di ccna, llant deg-s tugniwin d isura n tmeɣriwin, di yal tizeɣwiwin(tizeɣwa) anda i yecna, di yal tmura.
- Isefra
- Chfir
- Mliyi
- Abehri Tmeddit
- Ssendu
- A vava inouva
- Tizi Ouzou
- Azwaw
- Tamacaout
- Cteduyi
- Awah Awah
- Pourquoi cette pluie ?
- Zwitt Rwitt
Fransa n tirmiwin (2007)[beddel]
- Je viens de là où l'on m'aime (feat. Féfé & Leeroy)
- La France des couleurs
- Ce coeur venu d'ailleurs (feat. Noa)
- Marche sur Jérusalem (feat. Akhenaton)
- Lettre à ma fille (écrit par Grand Corps Malade et composée par Tanina la fille de Idir)
- Tout ce temps (feat. Zaho)
- Africa Taferka (feat. Tiken Jah Fakoly)
- Retour (feat. Sinik)
- Interlude (feat. Wallen)
- Ya Babba (feat. Wallen)
- Mama (feat. Danielito, Guizmo et Manu de Tryo)
- Sous le ciel de Marseille (feat. Kenza Farah)
- Afous (feat. Kore)
- Médailles en chocolat (feat Disiz La Peste)
- À mon père (feat. Nâdiya)
- Pèlerinage (feat. Oxmo Puccino)
- D'où je viens (feat. Rim'K & Sniper)
References[beddel]
- ↑ Idir - A Vava Inou Va (1976) - rateyourmusic.com
- ↑ Idir– Ay Arrac Nneɣ... - discogs.com
- ↑ Idir - Le Petit Village CD - cduniverse.com
- ↑ Idir - Les Chasseurs De Lumière - rateyourmusic.com
Tamselyut, Iseddagen & Izdayen Iberraniyen[beddel]
- asmel unisib n Yidir
- asmel n Radio France Inter
- Wikipedia' s tefranṣiṣt
- tameddurt n Yidir
- Tasemlilt tamezwarut sɣur R. Begnan


text:
أسماء أوطاح :
Taxnderrist wis 5
Saɛid d aḥenjir d ameẓyan isseɛda tudert-ins g uḥsi n udrar n Sidi Ɛabid. Zeggwami d- ilul, yufa adrar zdat n tiṭṭawin-ins, ittlagha yas d ad gs iwddar, ad gs issen tudert, ad gs ilmed targazt. Cḥal ma nnan as yemmas d babas, alaghi n udrar n Sidi Ɛabid yujar marra min d as qqarn.
Aḥtac
“Tiskrin ttḥrurudnt, ttmrurudnt, a ughzar ad ccnt ad swent..”
-
Saiɛd, Saɛid, Saɛid,……..
“Ict tqqar a ɛmmi qa ntnint ffudnt, wi iḥadan ikks fus”
-
Kkr ssin ad tkkr dgk, tfuyt d azir, ck ɛad ttarjid
“Ayyaw mana yemma ya, ci n ddunnit ila lligh dgs, ila tṣar d gs ur tkkis fus…”, iggemgm Saɛid uka ikkar.
Yufa ict n txincit a twwurt n uxxam.
- Manaya a yemma?
- Raḥ awi d armas zg lmwi, imcumn iqnnay ur ufin magha ccn, farfra txxla angh gi tenɛacin a yelli
Saɛid ittmetta xmi d as tqqar yemmas a yelli, maca ur izemmar ad as yini ci.
- ad raḥgh ad ḥtcegh zg udrar a yemma ḥsn qa iccur s arbiɛ.
- Maca qa ɛad ad din raḥnt suytmak ?
- Ini asnt ur illi mimmi i gha raḥnt, ad raḥgh nnit.
- Iwa raḥ waha mani ma traḥd zid. Uka ad as inigh i babak ad iqddm armas akids.
- Rux, maca ɛad ur ccigh
- Iwa zid ad tccd ad raḥgh ad ak d awigh taḥtirt.
Ikka gi Butqabut yuri s wulli ins, tikarmin as Faḍma n Emar. Adrar isrulli s iwdan ɛawd. Ha wnn irssen, ha wn iḥettcn, ha wn ittsumurn gi tfuyt.
Irzu din Saɛid x imeddukal ins, ur yufi ḥdd. Maca ntta ur d yuri a udrar x imeddukal. Yusi d x ḥdd nneghni.
Iẓra tiḥimriwin n twetmin ḥttcent, astiqa ttggnt twiza x uḥtac. Immernu gharsent, walu ur din yufi tnni mix irzzu, yugur. Ittsla asent ḍeḥḥkent, izwegh, ila ɛlayn ibedda as wul.
Isniɛmir iḥttec, ntta ittsla: wnni d burṣṣuḍ a Saɛid, min ttgged?
Imrulli yufa d Lwiza, isfirnen zg umeẓẓugh a umẓẓugh, ɛawd izwegh, iffgh as d ci ittawi d dg wawal:
-
Man, magh?
-
Yak burṣṣuḍ ur t tetten iqnnay!
-
Nc ma ssngh.
-
I immi d tusid ad tḥtced umi ur tssind
Innbkem Saɛid, ur yufi min d as gha yini, ɛawd izwegh. Ruxa d nettat ig isfirnnen.
-
Zid zdat i ad ak mmlegh min ttetten zid.
Uka kkan d adrar ammn ikmel, ttkksn arbiɛ. Lwiza tmmal as: ha tmannaḍt, ha tghighct, ha taddadin, ha insli, ha tagzint talqqaght, ha imzwar,…
“Cḥal tssn tmcunt a!”, iqqar ag ixf ins.
Gan amsizwr x wn gha iccarn txincit. Tzwar as Lwiza. Timsna n isggwusa ur tlli am ten n ijj n was. Maca Saɛid ur t id icqi ci.
Ccurn tixuncay uka qqimn ad skutan x ict n tẓrut.
Innas: Lwiza, ad nɛyar tiskrin tḥrurudnt.
Tnna as: waxxa, maca aqa negh gi tnayn waha.
Inna as: maɛlic, ad nlha waha.
Uka bdan, Lwiza attaf ɛad aqa tt gi “a ughzar ad ccnt ad swnt”, Saɛid attaf iwweḍ a “wi ḥadan ikks fus”. Maca Lwiza, tefsus, dghya ttkkes fus. Xlli ammen, Saɛid yuka ag ixf ins amknaw iṭtaw.
Ittwala imeddukar ins ttarin d, ikkr, iksi txincit, iraḥ ad ten ilqa, zdat ma ad t id ẓren.
Umi yewwḍ a taddat, iciyyɛ txinct zi twwurt idwl a udrar, arbiɛ ci iṣar a dixl, ci iṣar brra: ha tmannaḍt, ha tghighct,…


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Tisṭunit
Tisṭunit d nettat ay d tutlayt tamenṣabt n tegduda n Isṭunya yernu llan wazal 1.500.000 n yemdanen ay tt-yettmeslayen di tmurt-a (95% seg yimezdaɣen n tmurt) d wazal n 60.000 n yemdanen nniḍen ay yettidiren di lɣerba, gar-asen 20.000 deg Yiwunak Yedduklen (USA) d 14.500 di Kanada. Tisṭunit tesɛa diɣ wid ay tt-yettmeslayen di Litṭunya akk d Rusya, ladɣa di temdint n Saint Petersburg, di Finland, di Sswid, di Tgeldit Yedduklen (Royaume-Uni) akk d Ustṛalya.
Agbur
Tawacult-is[beddel]
Tutlayt tisṭunit d yiwet si tutlayin tuṛaliyin. Tawacult n tutlayin tuṛaliyin d tin yebḍan ɣef wacḥal n yifurka, yiwen deg-sent d win umi qqaren tutlayin tifinubaltiyin, yernu deg-s ay tella tisṭunit. Yiwet si tutlayin ay tt-icuban aṭas d tutlayt tafinlandit ay ttmeslayen di Finland, yernu tella diɣ yiwet n tutlayt, tamjaṛit (hongrois) ay ttmeslayen di Tuṛuft tagmuḍant (tacerqit), teqreb ɣer tisṭunit imi ula d nettat tettekka di twacult n tutlayin tuṛaliyin. Yuɣ lḥal, llan kra ay iɣilen d akken imi ay tettuneḥsab Isṭunya d yiwet si tmura tibaltiyin (d tamurt ay d-yuzgan rrif n yilel -lebḥeṛ- Abalti), dɣa ula d tutlayt-is tetbeɛ ɣer twacult n tutlayin tibaltiyin, am tlitwanit akk d tlitṭunit (siked utṭun wis 3 n Tebrat n Yimedyazen), d acu kan, xas Isṭunya teqreb ɣer Litwanya akk d Litṭunya, tutlayt-is ur tcuba tid n tmura-yagi wanag teqreb ugar ɣer tfinlandit. Yuɣ lḥal, seg wakken tettemcabi tisṭunit ɣer tfinlandit alammi ula d wid ay tent-yettmeslayen zemren ad msefhamen wagar-asen, yernu snat-agi n tutlayin cerkent azal n 83.5 % seg umawal-nsen. Tutlayin nniḍen yettemcabin aṭas ɣer tisṭunit d tid ay itebɛen, am nettat, s afurk n tutlayin tifinubaltiyin am tkaṛilit (ay ttmeslayen wazal n 10.000 n yemdanen deg Ugafa utrim -nord-ouest- n Rusya), akk d kra n tutlayin ayen yellan ɣef yiri n nnger am tingrit, talivunit akk d tvultit, yernu seg wakken yeshel wemsefham ger n tutlayin-agi alammi ay llan ula d kra n yimassanen ay tent-yettwalin d tintalyin n yiwet kan n tutlayt.
Tintalyin n tisṭunit[beddel]
Tisṭunit tebḍa ɣef snat n tentalyin (dialecte) timeqqranin, tisṭunit n Ugafa (nord, neɣ tin umi qqaren tisṭunit n Talinn, tamaneɣt), akk d tisṭunit n Wenẓul (sud, neɣ diɣ tin umi qqaren tisṭunit n Tartu), am wakken yal yiwet si tentalyin-agi tesɛɛa tiduntalyin-is (sous-dialectes), nezmer ad d-nebder seg-sent tiduntalyin timulgiyin ay ttmeslayen deg wenẓul utrim (sud-ouest) akk d tduntalyin n Voru Setu ay ttmeslayen deg wenẓul agmuḍan (sud-est). Ma d tisṭunit n ugafa, nezmer diɣ ad tt-nebḍu d tiduntalyin u ad d-nebder seg-sent : taduntala n tegzirin, d tisṭunit ay ttmeslayen di tegzirin n Saaremaa akk d Hiiumaa, ay d-yuzgan deg utaram n Isṭunya, deg yilel Abalti; taduntala n yiri n lebḥeṛ n ugafa-agmuḍan ay icuban mliḥ tafinlandit; takodaveret ay ttmeslayen di tmiwa n Kodavere akk d Maarja Magdaleena, akk d tduntala tutrimt (taɣerbit) ay ttmeslayen deg yiwen n weḥric meqqren di tmurt, yekka-d ɣef tmiwa n Laanemaa, ɣef ugafa n Parnumaa akk d utaram n Harjumaa. Xas ma yella anect-agi akk n tentalyin ay tesɛa tisṭunit, maca yezmer ad d-yili wemsefham s tentalyin-agi merṛa ger n wid ay yettmeslayen tisṭunit.
Tutlayt tizeɣt (standard) akk d tsekla ay tesseqdac ass-a Isṭunya d tin ay d-yekkan si tentala n tisṭunit n ugafa, d acu kan, tisṭunit n wenẓul tesɛa diɣ ula d nettat tasekla tatlayt (littérature orale), d tamedyazt, ay yesɛan ma cwiṭ, 350 n yiseggasen seg wasmi ay d-tennulfa.
Tira-s[beddel]
Tikkelt tamenzut i deg ay tekcem tisṭunit s annar n tira, d imassanen almaniyen ay tt-yuran, dɣa taɣdirawt (orthographe) ay sqedcen wigi i lmend n tira-s d tin ay iqerben ɣer teɣdirawt n talmanit u ɣef wanect-a ay d-yeqqim wedriz (lateṛ) n tira talmaniyin di tid n tisṭunit alammi d talemmast n lqern wis 19. Si 1850 d asawen ay bdan Yisṭuniyen a snernayen taɣdirawt-nsen akken ad tt-rren d tizeɣt (standard), dɣa bdan tekksen s kra n wayen yellan d aberṛani di tirawt-nsen (écriture) u ttaran-d deg wemkan-is isekkilen ara ten-yedǧen ad d-neṭqen tutlayt-nsen akken tt-id-netṭqen di laṣel, maci akken tt-id-inetṭeq uberṛani. Agemmay ay tesseqdac ass-a tisṭunit yesɛa 17 n tergalin (consonnes) akk d 9 n teɣra (voyelles).
Tasɣent-is* di tmetti[beddel]
Ass-a, tuɣal tisṭunit tizeɣt d nettat ay d tutlayt ay yettuseqdacen yernu ay yettwaqeblen deg yeswiren (niveaux) merṛa n tmetti. D acu kan, asmi ay tella Isṭunya s ddaw n udabu asuvyati, d tarusit ay yellan d tutlayt tamenṣabt tawḥidt yernu ɛerḍen Yisuvyatiyen ad mḥun tisṭunit akk d yedles isṭuni si tmurt-a, maca ayen ɛerḍen ad t-xedmen ur d-yewwi ara abaɣur meqqren, imi ay kemmlen medden ttmeslayen tisṭunit yernu lemmden-tt di tmiwa merṛa n tegduda, yernu igerdan ay d-ilulen si jjwaǧ n Yisṭuniyen akk d Yirusiyen llan ula d nitni lemmden tisṭunit. Di 1990, yessebded-d unabaḍ isṭuni Aseqqamu n Tutlayt Taɣelnawt i lmend n weḥraz akk d ussebɣes (encouragement) n usseqdec n tutlayt tisṭunit. Ass-a, xas ma yella tarusit mazal tesɛa azal-is di tmurt-a yernu nezmer ad d-nini tettusemma d "tutlayt tamenṣabt" tis snat, tisṭunit attan a tettuselmad yernu tettuseqdac deg yiɣerbazen yernu win yebɣan ad yuɣal d aɣarim (citoyen) isṭuni tewwi-d fell-as ad yissin tutlayt-a. Deg ugafa agmuḍan (nord-est) n tmurt, anda yettidir umur ameqqran akk deg Yirusiyen n Isṭunya, mazal llan yiɣerbazen irusiyen, d acu kan, maci d ahucal (obligatoire) ɣef medden ad sseɣren igerdan-nsen deg-sen. Tisṭunit ay ttmeslayen yiminigen Isṭuniyen di lɣerba --d tisṭunit ay llan ttmeslayen-tt yeɣriben iṛuḥen ɣer Marikan di tallit n Wemgaru Amaḍlan (guerre mondiale) wis sin-- temxallaf citṭ ɣef tisṭunit tizeɣt yettuseqdacen ass-a di tmurt, maca mazal wid yettmeslayen tisṭunit di lɣerba zemren ad fehmen wid ay tt-yettmeslayen di tmurt. D acu kan, ilaq kan ad d-nger tamawt d akken kra seg wayen ay d-uran yeɣriben s tisṭunit yemxallaf ɣef wayen d-ttarun ass-a wid yellan di tmurt, imi tutlayt ay llan ttarun-tt zik di lɣerba amzun iɛedda-tt zzman ass-a, mi akka ay snernan Yisṭuniyen tutlayt-nsen di tmurt-nsen.
Amezruy-is[beddel]
Ar ass-a werɛad ur ẓrin ara yimassanen melmi ay d-frurint tutlayin tifinubaltiyin (gar-asent tisṭunit) seg tutlayt tajaddit ay tent-id-yefkan, d acu kan, ass-a sɛan kra n yisallen ɣef temlilti ay mlalent tutlayin-a akk d tutlayin nniḍen deg umezruy. Ifinubaltiyen bdan ttemlilin d yegduden ijirmaniyen (lejdud n Walmaniyen n wass-a) si lqern amenzu n Sidna Aisa, yernu anect-a yedǧa aṭas n wawalen ijirmaniyen ad d-kecmen tutlayt-nsen u ad d-qqimen ar ass-a di tisṭunit. Sakin, di lqern wis sebɛa n Sidna Aisa, bdan diɣ ttemlilin Yifinubaltiyen akk d Yeslaviyen (lejdud n Yirusiyen n wass-a) yernu seg yimir-n ay bdan keccmen-ten-id diɣ wawalen islaviyen. Alammi d 1520 ay d-uran Yisṭuniyen iḍrisen-nsen imenza s tisṭunit, d win umi semman "Ddeɛwat n Kullamaa", yernu di tezwara n lqern wis sbeɛṭac, bdant a d-teffɣent tjerṛumin (grammaires) timezwura n tisṭunit. Xas ma yella anẓul n Isṭunya yesɛa yiwet n tsekla n yisefra d tanesbaɣurt (tameṛkantit) maci d kra, tasekla-ya ur tt-urin ara alammi d talemmast n lqern wis tseɛṭac.
Di tazwara n lqern wis tseɛṭac akk d tlemmast-is ay tebda diɣ a d-tettlal tutlayt tisṭunit tatrart (moderne) di tira, imi tallit-a tella-d d tin i deg thenna tmurt yernu tebda a d-tettlal tɣelnaẓrit (nationalisme) deg wulawen n Yisṭuniyen. Tiddukla Tisṭunit n Wid Yeɣran, ay d-sbedden di 1838, tessuffeɣ-d aṭas n yedlisen akk d tsufiɣin (publications) nniḍen, gar-asen(t) Kalevipoeg, d yiwet n telkensit (collection) n yedlisen n yisefra iɣerfanen (populaires) ay d-yeffɣen ger n 1857 d 1861. Di tallit-nni daɣen ay d-ffɣen yeɣmisen imenza n tutlayt tisṭunit, nezmer ad d-nebder gar-asen "Perno Postimees", ay d-yeffɣen ger n yiseggasen n 1857 d 1863, akk d "Tartu Postimees" ay d-yeffɣen si 1864 alammi d 1880.
Yuɣ lḥal di tallit-nni, d Rusya ay yellan teḥkem Isṭunya yernu ahat d leqdic-nni ay bdan xeddmen-t Yisṭuniyen imir-n akken ad d-ssidren tutlayt-nsen ay yedǧan Irusiyen ad rren tarusit d tutlayt tamenṣabt (officielle) n usselmed di Isṭunya. D acu kan, ur tɛetṭel ara tennulfa-d terbaɛt nniḍen n yimura isṭuniyen, di tezwara n lqern wis ɛecrin, d tin umi semman "Noor Eesti" neɣ tarbaɛt n "Isṭunya Tilemẓit", yernu kemmlen leqdic i lmend n wesnerni akk d usseǧhed n tutlayt-nsen taseklant (littéraire). Dɣa uɣalen yimura isṭuniyen tekksen s kra n wayen yellan d arusi neɣ d almani si tutlayt-nsen u ttnadin ad d-ssidren deg-s ayen yellan d-yekkan si tisṭunit taneṣlit, am wakken ay rran tasekla tafinlandit akk d tin n Tuṛuft n Wetram (lɣerb) d tiliwa i seg ay d-ttagment tikta-nsen (idées). Imura-yagi yecban Johannes Aavik, snernan mliḥ tamawalt (léxique) n tutlayt tisṭunit, dɣa skeflen-d awalen isṭuniyen ineṣliyen ay d-mazal ddren di tentalyin (dialectes) yemxallafen n tmurt, reḍlen-d diɣ awalen si tfinlandit ay icuban mliḥ tisṭunit, am wakken ay d-snulfan iẓuran imaynuten i seg zemren ad d-ssuddmen awalen. Di 1920, asmi ay tewwi Isṭunya azarug-is (indépendance) amenzu, tegra-yas-d tegnit n liser i tutlayt tisṭunit, d acu kan, di 1940, asmi ay d-kecmen Yisuvatiyen tamurt, qedcen yineggura-yagi ɣef wamek ara mḥun tisṭunit u ad d-ḥettmen deg wemkan-is tutlayt tarusit ay ttwalin imir-n d nettat kan ara yesduklen akk igduden isuvyatiyen. Teqqim tegnit-agi alammi d 1990, asmi ay tuɣal tisṭunit i tikkelt nniḍen d tutlayt taɣelnawt di tmurt-is. Ass-a, mbeɛd ɛecṛa n yiseggasen n wussisen (efforts), tuɣal tisṭunit d tutlayt ay tfehhem tuget deg yimezdaɣen n Isṭunya, yernu yis-s ay tesselḥay tmurt-agi tamecṭuḥt tiɣawsiwin-is.
Asefru si tsekla tisṭunit[beddel]
Wagi d yiwen n usefru si tsekla tisṭunit, tura-t-id Lydia Koidula (1843-1886), d yiwet n tmedyazt n tmurt-a. Tasuqilt sɣur "Winna", si Luxembourg.
- Aṭas ay riɣ tamurt-iw
- Fkiɣ-as ula d ul-iw
- I kemm ay cennuɣ
- D kemm ay d tinzert-iw
- Isṭunya deg d-mɣin yijedǧigen
- Ideddicen-im ḥulfeɣ-asen deg yiman-iw
- Mi tgerrzeḍ gerrzeɣ, lferḥ-inem d lfeṛḥ-iw
- Uh a tamurt-iw !
- A tamurt-iw ihhuskin, riɣ-kem
- Xsiɣ ad gneɣ yid-m
- Ad i-yawi yiḍes s iri-m
- Isṭunia-yinu yeḥerz Yillew
- Ifrax-im cennun-iyi-d
- Ijedǧigen-im meqqin-d deg-i
- Uh a tamurt-iw !


text:
1:1 Nekk Bulus, amceggeɛ n Ɛisa Lmasiḥ s lebɣi n Sidi Ṛebbi akk-d gma-tneɣ Timuti,
1:2 i watmaten yellan di temdint n Kulus, wid iteddun s ṣṣfa deg webrid n Lmasiḥ. Ṛṛeḥma ț-țalwit a wen-d-țțunefkent s ɣuṛ Ṛebbi Baba-tneɣ !
1:3 Nețḥemmid Sidi Ṛebbi Baba-s n Ssid-nneɣ Ɛisa Lmasiḥ yerna ndeɛɛu fell-awen ;
1:4 axaṭer nesla s liman i tesɛam di Ɛisa Lmasiḥ d wamek i tḥemmlem agdud n Sidi Ṛebbi,
1:5 ɣef ddemma n usirem i wen-ițțuheggan deg igenwan, asirem nni i wen-d-ițțuxebbṛen s wawal n tideț n lexbaṛ n lxiṛ.
1:6 Lexbeṛ-agi n lxiṛ yewḍen armi d ɣuṛ-wen, yețnerni di ddunit meṛṛa ; akken daɣen i gețnerni deg-wen ula d kunwi seg wasmi i teslam yerna tessnem tideț ɣef ṛṛeḥma n Sidi Ṛebbi,
1:7 akken i wen-ț-isselmed Ibafras, aṛfiq-nneɣ eɛzizen di leqdic ; nețța iqeddcen ɣef Lmasiḥ s wul yeṣfan,
1:8 ixebbeṛ-aɣ-ed ɣef leḥmala s wayes i kkun-yeččuṛ Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen.
1:9 Daymi nezga ndeɛɛu fell-awen ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi seg wasmi nesla yis-wen, nessutur-as a wen-d-yefk amek ara tissinem akken ilaq lebɣi ines, s lɛeqliya d lefhama i d-ițțak Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen.
1:10 S wakka, aț-țleḥḥum s tikli yebɣa Sidi Ṛebbi iwakken a s tɛeǧbem di kullec, a d-tefkem lfakya yelhan, yerna aț-țnernim di tmusni n Sidi Ṛebbi,
1:11 Ndeɛɛu ɣer Ṛebbi akken a kkun-isseǧhed s tezmert-is tameqqrant iwakken aț-tṣebṛem i kullec alamma ț-țaggara.
1:12 Ḥemmdet, cekkṛet s lfeṛḥ Sidi Ṛebbi Baba-tneɣ i wen-d-yefkan amur di lweṛt i d-ihegga i warraw n tafat.
1:13 Ikkes-aɣ-d si tezmert n ṭṭlam, iwakken a ɣ-yessiweḍ ɣer tgelda n Mmi-s eɛzizen,
1:14 s wayes nețwasellek yerna nesɛa leɛfu n ddnubat-nneɣ.
1:15 Lmasiḥ, d ṣṣifa n Sidi Ṛebbi ur nezmir a nwali, d nețța i d amezwaru n txelqit meṛṛa.
1:16 Yis i gețwaxleq wayen nețwali d wayen ur nețwali ara ama deg igenwan ama di lqaɛa, tigeldiwin d igelliden, lḥekmat akk-d tezmar yellan deg igenwan ; kullec yețwaxleq yis, kullec yețwaxleq i nețța.
1:17 Yella-d uqbel a d-yețwaxleq kra yellan, d nețța i d lsas n txelqit,
1:18 d aqeṛṛuy n tejmaɛt n imasiḥiyen yellan d lǧețța-s. Yella si tazwara, d nețța i d amenzu i d-iḥyan si ger lmegtin iwakken ad yili d amezwaru di kullec.
1:19 Axaṭer Sidi Ṛebbi yufa lfeṛḥ-is s lekmal di Mmi-s,
1:20 s Lmasiḥ i gemṣalaḥ akk-d txelqit, yessers-ed lehna ama di lqaɛa ama deg igenwan s idammen n Mmi-s yuzzlen ɣef wumidag.
1:21 Kunwi yellan zik-nni d ibeṛṛaniyen, d iɛdawen n Sidi Ṛebbi s ixemmimen-nwen d yir lecɣal nwen
1:22 Tura issemṣaleḥ-ikkun yid-es s lmut n Mmi-s iwakken a d-tbanem zdat-es teṣfam, mbla lɛib.
1:23 Ma yella teṭṭfem di liman-nwen s tideț, ma yella tbeddem, tṛeṣṣam. Ɣuṛ-wat aț-țțwexxṛem ɣef wusirem i wen-d-yewwi lexbaṛ n lxiṛ iwumi teslam, lexbaṛ-agi n lxiṛ i gețțubeccṛen i yemdanen n ddunit meṛṛa, i ɣef uɣaleɣ nekk d aqeddac.
1:24 Tura feṛḥeɣ aṭas imi nɛețțabeɣ fell-awen, axaṭer țkemmileɣ ayen ixuṣṣen i leɛtab n Lmasiḥ ɣef ddemma n imasiḥiyen meṛṛa, yellan d lǧețța-s, i ɣef uɣaleɣ d aqeddac.
1:25 Iceggeɛ-iyi-d Sidi Ṛebbi iwakken a wen-d-beccṛeɣ awal-is s lekmal.
1:26 Lbaḍna yeffren si zik, si lǧil ɣer lǧil, ibeggen-iț-id tura i wid yellan d ayla-s.
1:27 Yebɣa a d-yesken ccan n lbaḍna agi ifazen i leǧnas nniḍen ur nelli ara n wat Isṛail, iwakken ad walin Lmasiḥ deg-wen, nețța yellan d lsas n lɛaḍima i ɣer nessaram.
1:28 D Lmasiḥ agi i nețbecciṛ i yemdanen, nețweṣṣi-ten, nesselmad iten s tmusni d leɛqel, iwakken yal amdan ad innekmal di Lmasiḥ zdat Sidi Ṛebbi.
1:29 Ɣef wayagi i qeddceɣ s tezmert n Lmasiḥ yellan deg-i.
2:1 Bɣiɣ aț-țeẓrem acḥal meqqeṛ imenɣi i deg lliɣ ɣef ddemma nwen, ɣef watmaten n temdint n Ludikus akk-d wid meṛṛa i geslan yis-i meɛna leɛmeṛ ur ẓrin udem-iw.
2:2 Qebleɣ imenɣi-agi iwakken ad theddnen wulawen-nsen, ad ddukklen s leḥmala, ad ččaṛen d lefhama iwakken ad issinen lbaḍna n Sidi Ṛebbi Ṛebbi yellan di Lmasiḥ ;
2:3 deg-s i ffren igerrujen n lefhama ț-țmusni.
2:4 Nniɣ-d akka iwakken ur kkun ițkellix yiwen s imeslayen yețɣuṛṛun.
2:5 Ɣas akken ur lliɣ ara yid-wen, leɛqel-iw atan ɣuṛ-wen ; feṛḥeɣ aṭas mi ẓriɣ acḥal i teṭṭfem di liman-nwen di Lmasiḥ yerna tsedduyem kullec akken ilaq.
2:6 Ihi imi tqeblem Ɛisa Lmasiḥ d Ssid-nwen, ddut di lebɣi-ines.
2:7 Sbeddet lsas n tudert-nwen fell-as, sǧehdet liman-nwen akken i kkun nesselmed, țḥemmidet daymen Sidi Ṛebbi.
2:8 Ḥadret a kkun-kellxen wid ițfelsifen, wid yessexdamen tiḥila ț-țiḥeṛci ; ayagi d lekdubat i gebnan ɣef leɛwayed n yemdanen akk ț-țizemmar n ddunit, mačči ɣef uselmed n Lmasiḥ.
2:9 Axaṭer ayen akk yellan di Sidi Ṛebbi yezdeɣ s lekmal di Lmasiḥ,
2:10 kunwi tesɛam kullec deg-s, nețța yellan sennig lḥekmat ț-țzemmar.
2:11 Sṭhaṛa-nwen tekka-d si tikli nwen akk-d Lmasiḥ, mačči am tin yețwaxedmen s ufus n wemdan, lameɛna s ɣuṛ Lmasiḥ i d-tekka iwakken a kkun-isellek si tezmert n lǧețța tamednubt.
2:12 S weɣḍas-nwen tețwameḍlem akk-d Lmasiḥ, lameɛna teḥyam-d daɣen yid-es si lmut imi tumnem s tezmert n Sidi Ṛebbi i t-id-isseḥyan si ger lmegtin.
2:13 Kunwi ur neḍhiṛ ara, tellam temmutem ɣef ddemma n ddnubat nwen ; tura Sidi Ṛebbi yerra-kkun-id ɣer tudert s Lmasiḥ. Sidi Ṛebbi yeɛfa-yaɣ ddnubat-nneɣ meṛṛa.
2:14 Yemḥa leɛqed-nni i ɣ-isseḍlamen, imi ur nezmir ara a nexdem ayen d-teqqaṛ ccariɛa ; yemḥa-t mi t-isemmeṛ ɣef wumidag.
2:15 Sidi Ṛebbi yekkes tazmert i lḥekmat ț-țzemmar n igenwan, ikcef itent-id zdat txelqit meṛṛa, iɣleb-itent s lmut n Mmi-s ɣef wumidag.
2:16 Ihi ur țțaǧat ara win ara kkun-iḥasben ɣef wayen ara teččem d wayen ara teswem neɣ imi ur tettabaɛem ara ayen yeɛnan leɛyudat, talalit n waggur d wussan n westeɛfu ;
2:17 ayagi akk yezwar-ed d lemtel kan n wayen i d-iteddun, axaṭer tideț di Lmasiḥ i tella.
2:18 Ɣuṛ-wat a wen-kellxen yemdanen ițțarran iman-nsen d wid yunzen, țɛebbiden lmalayekkat, a kkun-id-awin ɣer webrid-nsen iwakken ur tețțawḍem ara ɣer lmeqṣud-nwen ; imdanen am wigi ttabaɛen kan ixemmimen-nsen yerna xeddmen ccan i yiman-nsen.
2:19 Ur qbilen ara ad ṭṭfen di Lmasiḥ yellan d aqeṛṛuy, i gesdukklen lǧețța s lemfaṣel meṛṛa d iẓuran i d-icudden ɣuṛ-es ; yis i tețnerni lǧețța, i tețțimɣuṛ s wakken yella di lebɣi n Sidi Ṛebbi.
2:20 Ma yella temmutem akk-d Lmasiḥ, teṭṭaxṛem ɣef wayen akk yeɛnan tudert n ddunit, acimi ihi am akken di ddunit i tellam, tqebblem ad ḥețțmen fell-awen leɛwayed n ddunit m'ara wen-qqaṛen :
2:21 « Ur teddmet ara neɣ ur ɛeṛṛdet ara neɣ ur țnalet ara !»
2:22 Lumuṛat-agi meṛṛa i nxeddem d ayen ara yefnun, d leqwanen d uselmed n yemdanen ;
2:23 ț-țideț, lumuṛat-agi sselmaden leɛbada, annuz akk-d uɛețțeb n lǧețțat nneɣ, țbanen-d amakken d ayen yelhan, lameɛna d ayen ur nezmir ad iɛawen bunadem ad iṭṭef iman-is.
3:1 Kunwi ihi, imi i d-teḥyam akk-d Lmasiḥ, nadit ɣef leḥwayeǧ n igenwan anda yella Lmasiḥ i gḥekmen ɣer tama tayeffust n Sidi Ṛebbi.
3:2 Țḥebbiṛet ɣef wayen yellan deg igenwan mačči ɣef wayen yellan di ddunit-agi,
3:3 axaṭer ɣer ddunit tețțusemmam temmutem, meɛna ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi tudert-nwen teffer akk-d Lmasiḥ.
3:4 M'ara d-iban Lmasiḥ yellan ț-țudert-nwen, kunwi daɣen a d tbanem yid-es.
3:5 Ɣef ddemma n wayagi, xḍut i yir tikli n ddunit-agi s wayes tețțeddum zik : leḥṛam, ayen iɛefnen, lebɣi n tnefsit, ccehwat n diri akk-d ṭṭmeɛ, ayagi meṛṛa am win ițɛebbiden ayen ixulfen Sidi Ṛebbi.
3:6 D annect-agi i d-isseɣlayen urrif n Sidi Ṛebbi ɣef wid i t-ițɛaṣin.
3:7 Ula d kunwi akka i tellam zik-nni mi tețɛicim di ddnub.
3:8 Meɛna tura sbeɛdet iman-nwen ɣef wannect-agi meṛṛa : urrif, zzɛaf, ddɣel ; ḥadret a d-ffɣen seg imawen-nwen rregmat neɣ yir lehduṛ.
3:9 Ur skiddibet ara wway gar-awen imi tura teǧǧam yir tikli-nwen n zik.
3:10 Tuɣalem d ijdiden, tețnernim di tmusni n Sidi Ṛebbi iwakken aț țemcabim ɣuṛ-es, nețța i kkun-d-ixelqen.
3:11 Di tudert-agi tajdiṭ ulac lxilaf ger wat Isṛail d leǧnas nniḍen, ger win iḍehṛen d win ur neḍhiṛ, ger wid itqeddmen d wid ur netqeddem, neɣ ger wakli d uḥeṛṛi, imi d Lmasiḥ i gellan d kullec di mkul yiwen.
3:12 Sidi Ṛebbi iḥemmel-ikkun, yextaṛ-ikkun aț-țilim d agdud-is. Sɛut ihi ṛṛeḥma deg wulawen-nwen, leḥnana, lxiṛ, ṣṣbeṛ d wannuz.
3:13 Țemyawit wway gar-awen, ma yella win yesɛan accetki ɣef wayeḍ msamaḥet axiṛ wway gar-awen, akken i wen-isemmeḥ Lmasiḥ, msamaḥet ula d kunwi.
3:14 Nnig n wayagi meṛṛa sɛut leḥmala, ț-țin i gesdukkulen ulawen.
3:15 Sɛut lehna n Lmasiḥ deg ulawen nwen iwakken aț-țilim d yiwen, ḥemmdet Sidi Ṛebbi imi ɣer lehna-agi i wen-d-yessawel.
3:16 Awal n Lmasiḥ ad izdeɣ gar-awen s lbaṛakat-is meṛṛa iwakken wa ad isselmad wa, wa ad inehhu wayeḍ s ṣṣwab. Ccnut s wulawen-nwen, ḥemmdet Sidi Ṛebbi s isefra n Zabuṛ akk-d ccnawi i d-ițțak Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen.
3:17 Ama deg imeslayen ama di lecɣal ara txedmem, xedmet kullec s yisem n Ssid-nneɣ Ɛisa, s yisem-is țḥemmidet Sidi Ṛebbi baba-tneɣ.
3:18 A tilawin, ḍuɛemt irgazen-nkunt, ayagi d ayen ilaqen i tid i gețḍuɛun Sidi Ṛebbi.
3:19 Ma d kunwi ay irgazen, ilaq aț-țḥemmlem tilawin-nwen, ur seɛɛut ara ulawen iqesḥen ɣuṛ-sent.
3:20 Ay arrac țțaɣet awal i imawlan nwen di kullec, axaṭer akka ara tɛeǧbem i Sidi Ṛebbi.
3:21 Lameɛna kunwi ay imawlan ur sserfuyet ara dderya-nwen neɣ m'ulac ad feclen.
3:22 Ma d kunwi ay iqeddacen, țțaɣet awal i imɛellmen-nwen di ddunit-agi mačči kan zdat-nsen akken a sen tɛeǧbem meɛna ɣas ulac-iten xedmet ccɣel-nwen seg wul, am akken i Sidi Ṛebbi.
3:23 Kra n wayen ara txedmem, xedmet-eț s wul yeṣfan am akken i Sidi Ṛebbi i t-txeddmem mačči i yemdanen,
3:24 mmektit-ed lweṛt i kkun ițṛaǧun s ɣuṛ Sidi Ṛebbi akken i t-id-yewɛed ; axaṭer amɛellem n tideț i ɣef tqeddcem, d Lmasiḥ.
3:25 Win ixeddmen cceṛ a d-iɣellet ayen yexdem ; axaṭer ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi ulac lxilaf.
4:1 Ay imɛellmen ddut s lḥeqq, ur xeddmet ara lxilaf ger iqeddacen nwen, axaṭer teẓram belli ula d kunwi tesɛam amɛellem deg igenwan.
4:2 Ur ɣefflet ara, meɛna deɛɛut țḥemmidet daymen Sidi Ṛebbi.
4:3 Deɛɛut daɣen fell-aɣ ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi iwakken a ɣ-d-ildi tiwwura a nbecceṛ awal-is, a nxebbeṛ ɣef lbaḍna n Lmasiḥ i ɣef lliɣ di lḥebs,
4:4 dɛut iwakken ad sfehmeɣ akken ilaq lbaḍna-agi i yemdanen.
4:5 Ddut s ṣṣwab zdat wid ur numin ara s Ɛisa Lmasiḥ ; faṛset tagniț, țbecciṛet awal n Ɛisa Lmasiḥ.
4:6 Sɛut iles aẓidan, imeslayen yesɛan lfayda, iwakken aț-țețțarram awal i yal yiwen s ṣṣwab.
4:7 Tucik, gma-tneɣ eɛzizen i ɣef țekleɣ, aṛfiq-nneɣ di leqdic ɣef Ssid-nneɣ, a wen-n-yawi lexbaṛ-iw.
4:8 Ɣef wannect-agi i wen-t-in ceggɛeɣ iwakken a wen-n-yawi lexbaṛ-nneɣ yerna ad ihedden ulawen-nwen.
4:9 A d-yas nețța d gma-tneɣ eɛzizen Unizim i ɣef nețkel, yellan d yiwen seg-wen ; d nutni ara wen-n-yawin lexbaṛ ɣef wayen meṛṛa ideṛṛun dagi.
4:10 Ițsellim-ed fell-awen Arisṭark aṛfiq-iw yellan yid-i di lḥebs akk-d Maṛqus yețțilin i Barnabas, win i ɣef kkun-weṣṣaɣ aț-țesterḥbem yis ma yusa-d ɣuṛ-wen.
4:11 Ițsellim-ed daɣen fell-awen Ɛisa iwumi qqaṛen Yustus. Ger wat Isṛail anagar tlata watmaten-agi i gxeddmen yid-i i tgeldit n Sidi Ṛebbi, d nutni kan i yufiɣ ɣer tama-w.
4:12 Gma-tneɣ Ibafras n tmurt-nwen, yellan d aqeddac n Ɛisa Lmasiḥ ițsellim-ed fell-awen ; yezga ideɛɛu ɣer Ṛebbi fell-awen iwakken aț-țeṭṭfem, aț-țennernim di liman yerna aț-țilim twejdem aț-țxedmem lebɣi n Sidi Ṛebbi.
4:13 A d-cehdeɣ fell-as acḥal inɛețțab fell-awen, ɣef watmaten n tejmaɛt n Ludikus akk-d wid n Yirabulis.
4:14 Luqa aḥbib-nneɣ eɛzizen yellan d ṭṭbib akk-d Dimas, țsellimen-d fell-awen.
4:15 Sellmet ɣef watmaten yellan di Ludikus, ɣef Nimfa akk d wid ițnejmaɛen deg wexxam-is.
4:16 M'ara teɣṛem tabṛaț-agi, fket-eț i watmaten n tejmaɛt n Ludikus a ț-ɣṛen, kunwi daɣen ɣṛet tabṛaț ara kkun-id-yawḍen s ɣuṛ-sen.
4:17 Init i Arcibus ad ibedd i ccɣel nni i ɣef t-iwekkel Ssid-nneɣ, a t-ixdem akken ilaq.
4:18 Nekk Bulus, s ufus-iw i wen-n uriɣ. Sslam fell-awen ! Ur tețțut ara belli d ameḥbus i lliɣ. Ṛṛeḥma n Sidi Ṛebbi aț-țili yid-wen.