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Beɣdad Mesbaḥi
Deg wass amezwaru i di iwyeɣ mmi ɣer temzida n tɣuri ucin-as-dd ij n tmeqyast n plastic uran deg-s: « Wer sseḥqart ḥedd, ttenhellat deg wayawya ». Tamzida n mmi tetteg tizemmar ḥuma ad tekkes aseḥqar i tteggen imeḥdaren jer-asen, a dasen-teaselmed amuni d uweqqar.
Tameqyast-nni tetterr-ayi aṭṭas iseggusa ɣer deffar. ɣer wass i di raḥeɣ twalat tamezwarut ɣer temzida n tzallit ḥuma ad ɣereɣ lqurɛan. la ɛad lliɣ d afrux n xemsa iseggusa. Ass-inu amezwaru issentar s tigwdi d unexreɛ. Lla ssneɣ illa ca n tɣawsa wer telli ca deg uraq-nnes di temzida. Zarreɣ ibriɣen ca yettru ḥmi ittraḥ ɣer temzida ca yetru ḥmi d ittarewwaḥ. Udfeɣ ɣer temzida, ssizwareɣ s uḍar-inu afusi, amen dayi-yenna baba, ẓureɣ-as fus i Lefqi ssenni ggiɣ-as tteḥra deg weḥsi. Netta yessemɣer-ayi araq mani ɣa qqimeɣ. Ij uḥenjir yemɣar xafi cwayt issemel-ayi min ɣa ggeɣ s lluḥ-nni i dayi-dd-yesɣa baba.
Ag ueecci n wass-nni neqqim x ujertil n wari di tili n wezqaq n temzida. Lefqi yeqqim x ij n wesrix yerra-s taḍuft ɣer tmurt minzi ilem icarri ittili cwayt yesmed x tḍuft-nnes. Lefqi iṭṭef ttesbiḥ deg ufus-nnes aẓelmad d ij n uqabu n aremman deg-s ca n tnayen mitru deg ufus-nnes afusi. Necc tteggeɣ min tteggen imeḥḍaren, smuniɣ akid-sen tiɣri s jjehd waxxa wer ssineɣ min qqaren.
Tili d leewin deg wussan unebdu ag ucarri n iḥenjiren ittawi-dd iḍes. Ammu i das-temsar i Lefqi, netta yeṭṭes, neccin imeḥdaren nedfar-it ij awarni yij ar-mani neṭṭes marra-idneɣ.
Lefqi isqar-xas lḥal uca yennexree-dd zeg yides netta d amezwaru.
Umi yeɣzar yuffa imeḥdaren d wefrid-nnes marra ṭṭsen. Lefqi ieesseb, yekfar, uca yeksi qabu-nnes yessenta yeccat deg-neɣ. Neccin nfaqq-dd zi ljenna-nni i netturja deg ides-nneɣ ɣer jahennama n wezqaq n temzida d eezrayen-nnes ssi lefqi. Tekkar fertuna d iɣuyyan. Imeḥdaren mkul ijjen mani i trekwal weḥḥdes. Lefqi iffeɣ-as-dd ukuffu zeg uqemmum itazzel isɣuyyu yeccat deg-neɣ aḥmi itazzer x ca n tḥimmart n yeɣyar deg wendrar.
Ayezzim i dayi-yegga lefqi isgenfa-t umarru-nni i deg-i teqqen yemna i uzellif, maca tifeqqeḥt-nnes tegga deg-neɣ ɣezzu, tezdeɣ tudart-nneɣ, tkerf-aneɣ zeg ifassen d iḍaren, tedwel d aṭṭan tugi ad teggenfa.
Tiqqest tettɣima tettmarnay am mamek ittmarnayen wussan d iseggusa.
Teggur zzat-neɣ am tiri n tfuct i daneɣ-dd-iccaten deg wɛrur, ktar ḥmi tettafed ura d ijen zi tarwa n ddcar wer das-yeqqar manaya. Mala yewta-c lefqi tettawid belli cekk teggid min xef, iwa mala tennid-tt i baba-c d yemma-c ad-ac renyen iseqqilen. Minzi lefqi netta am nnabi irezzu-yac illa min illan yekna, irezzu ad tlemeded ḥuma ad tɛemmared tamzida. Timzidawin tɛemmaren-tent illa yenni yexs rebbi.
Refkuyat ɛawed ɣer-sen ij n tudart wer x-asen tt-iḥessed ḥed. Imxumbal n lefqi wer ten-ittwili ḥed. Isemmeḥ di tarwa-nnes d temɣart-nnes wer ten-iẓer illa zi tfeska ɣer tenneɣni. Netta iterra jjnun i deg-s illan x iḥenjiren imeẓyanen.
Ibriɣen d tebriɣin di tmurt n amurrakuc wer ɣer-sen wi ten-ɣa-yeḥdan. lmexzen i ɣa llant tzemmar ad yeḥda aydud-nnes iqen tiṭṭawin-nnes x tmeslayin-a. Netta s ixef-nnes s uqabu i zi yeqqim i tareyya.
Qabu itmun ag lxedmet n lefqi. Ewa lefqi mani-mma iraḥ ittɣima d lefqi. Waxxa di Hullanda nettaf qabu di temzidawin.
Wenni yennumen ca n tmaggit iqseḥ ad tt-ibeddel. Lefqi ḥmi ɣa iɛesseb uca twaqqanent-as tiṭṭawin wer ittxarris di tesɣart n yewdan n tmurt mani ixeddem. Ra d iwdan i ɣer-s ittawyen tarwa-nsen ɛad tsedḥan-t am umezwaru. Waxxa mmi-tsen yecca iseqqilen di temzida wer zemmaren ad zeg-s cetkan.
Atarras aqqa-t di tmurt i yesɣuran aydud-nnes s lxaḍar, maca lxaḍar-a n irumiyyen, ugin a das-fehemen.
Tamzida-nni i di cciɣ nec qabu renyen-as di ririwett, ggin-as ssumeet d tazirart d lbuq deg ixef. Lefqi ssi emar yemmut yejjed illa tifeqqae awan-as. Lefqi-nni amaynu idd-yusin deg uraq-nnes waxxa d amaziɣ maca wer ireṭṭi ad tt-issiwel. Aḥenjir-nni i kidi yeṭṭfen umi udfeɣ tamzida yugur inya di tɣarrabut wer yessin ḥedd man amkan mani yella. yeksi leḥriq d tamara-nnes inḍer-itent deg wayel.
Nec, zeg wass-nni julleɣ s tseklut n wartu d uzemmur d tewrirt n Muna, d teqbilt n Ayt tuzin amen tekmel i ma ad ggeɣ imi di ca n lefqi ura ad ṭṭseɣ mani yella.


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Nabila DJAHNINNE tellul deg ugzdu n Bgayet,tamnaḍt n yefnayen deg useggas n 1965, t-ttxalaḍ si temẓi-ines tazeqqa n CINE-CLUB deg tɣremt anida tezdeɣ, nettat s timad-is tt-architecte-t u d taselwayt n tiddukla ‘TIƔRI n TMEṬṬUT’’ .
Tebda amennuɣ si zik imi d-tekker mgal aṣaduf n twacult(le code de la famille) i deg tettwali nettat d waṭas n tmaɣnasin-nniḍen yekkaten ɣef izerfan n tmeṭṭut yettwaɣḍlen deg tmurt, sya i tebda tefka tudert-ines i umenuɣ untan(féministe) d izerfan n wumedan,tetteka daɣen deg les syndicats yekkaten ixedamen.
Tettwanɣa deg ass yecban ass-a deg ugzdu tizi wezzu anda tkmel alemad-ines u txedem dinna send mi tefuk taɣuri-ines, tettwaɣder s ifasen n rebrab isneslem deg tɛcerit taberkant (n idamen) ,anda neqḍen itri-nniḍen deg unnar n timuɣnes.
macca akken i s-yenna da LWENNAS ‘’xas neqḍen aceḥal d itri igenni ur inger ara”.
Sgunfu di talwit massa Nabila abrid i d-tneǧreḍ d win ara kmlen tsutiwin i d-ittedun.

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


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Mgal tifranin n tselwit d ukemmel n unhil-a isefk ad d-nebnu asduddes-iman aɣerfan d uheggi n usunded amatu asduklan!
Deg yal tama n tmurt, ɣas ulama deg unẓul, amennuɣ n tegrawla-nneɣ yessaweḍ ɣer wayyur-is wis mraw, anda ara naf tuget deg ugdud igzem-itt di rray d akken ur d-ttilint ara tifranin n tselwit i d-iteddun. Deg yiwen n umusu werjin d-yeḍra deg tmurt n Lezzayer ad naf ixeddamen, ilmeẓyen, tulawin d uɣref s umata sagten amennuɣ s talwit mgal akemmel n unhil-a i ibedden ɣef tdamsa timserraḥt, aḥeqqar, asihran.
Deg wasmi i d-berḥen s uqbal d usebdded n semmus n yimrecḥen i d-yeffɣen deg unhil aqbur n Butefliqa , ladɣa segmi i yebda uberraḥ n tefranin n tselwit inerna s waṭas usebges mgal-nsent deg yal aɣir ama d tikliwin deg yiḍ neɣ d agdal n uberraḥ n tefranin neɣ d aḍerref n wid i d-ibedden ɣer tefranin-a, war ma nettu tikliwin n yal imalas akked usunded amnaḍan n yal agezzum d uheyyi n usunded aɣelnaw. War ma nettu asebges aɣerfan i uɣunzu n tefranin n 12 dujember 2019.
Am udabu-a am wayen i ixeddem yeffeɣ berra i usadef !
Ayen i yesewhamen d adabu asardasan yellan ddaw laenaya n uɣella n yiserdasen i yettnadin kan ɣef lfayda-s, ad t-naf mgal lebɣi n ugdud d tnaya taɣerfant, d ueraḍ n useeddi n tefranin n tselwit s yiɣil akken ad ikemmel unagraw n wass-a.
S udabu i yeffɣen i yiduḍaf d lebɣi n ugdud ad naf Bedwi yelha-d d useeddi n waṭas n yisuḍaf mgal agdud d tmetti s umata. Seld sin n yimalasen send tafrant n tselwit ad t-naf isebded-d mraw n yigzda imaynuten d kuẓ n tmerwin d ukuẓ (44) n yigzda inesmigalen d usenseb n yixeddamen nerkid ara seg sya ar taggara n useggas n 2019 d 2021, d usemsawi n liḥala n luluf n yixxamen n ddula…atg.
Akken daɣ i yeseedda sqamu n tejmaet n luma lqanun i isedduyen lpitrul, d useeddi n usaḍef n tedrimt n 2020 akka kra n wussan ɣer sdat, d uḍman n lmaslaḥa d lfayda n termisin tiberraniyin i yetteawanen anhil-a akken ad yeqqim deg laḥkem. Seg tama nniḍen ad naf adabu iseqdac iɣil d tekriḍt mgal imesbaniyen, am wayen i xedmen deg Tubiret deg wass n larebea 27 wamber, i d-yeglan s waṭasn yimeḥbas d yimejraḥ, war ma nettu asekref n tlelli d tugdut deg tmurt, akken daɣ ara naf aseqdec n tkerkas d tkellax am uheggi n tikliwin n lekdeb i yettaran tajmilt i yiserdasen yerna «ssawalen ɣer tefranin tselwit am wakken d ttawil awḥid akken ad teffeɣ tmurt deg tezɣent i tettidir».
Deg yiwen wattal n umennuɣ gar ugdud d semmus n yimrecḥen i d-ibedden ɣer tefrnin i yesean yiwen n wahil adamsan imserraḥ, wid i d-igellun s yiɣalen n laman yid-sen akken ad seḥbibren ɣef teɣlist n tzeɣwa tilmawin. Γef waya ilaq ad ɣlint tefranin-a n tselwit s wudem n talwit.
Ilmend n tegnit-a akabar anemlay n yixeddamen (PST) isawal ɣer usuddes-iman amagday n tegrala-nneɣ s ubrid n yisquma, d yizdayen akked tesmidag tiɣerfanin deg yal agezzum n umahil, deg yal tamnaḍt n tmurt, akken daɣ i yessawal ukabar anemlay n yixeddamen (PST) ɣer usunded amatu aɣelnaw asduklan, akabar-a yekcem deg yiwen n ugraw i d-ijemeen ikabaren n tsertit d yinmaluyen n yal agezzum deg tmurt PAD, akken ad d-heyyin lwaḥid asunded aɣelnaw ara iseɣlin tifranin n tselwit n 12 dujember. Maca imi amusu-nneɣ aɣerfan isutur abeddel anmetti amagday seg uẓar akken ad d-nerr tanaya taɣelnawt d udqamu amendawi ilelli.
• Ala i tefranin n tselwit, ih i ubeddel amagday!
• Ala i ukemmel n unhil-a, ih i usqamu amendawi ilelli!
Tamrayt taɣelnawt n PST
Lezzayer, ass n 27 wamber 2019


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Deg ijjen ulaɣi i baba-s, yenna-dd Naṣer Zefzafi belli netta ɛad iqqim x leahed. Mamec ittetter ad rxun i merra inekraf isertanen x Lḥirak zzag-sen Lbacir Ben Ceayeb. Mamec ittbedda aked taqsuḥi n Muḥemmed Jellul. Iwekked Zzefzafi ila netta d argaz n umsawal.
Zeg ijjen uɣezdis nniḍen, tuɣa izwar i Naṣer Zefzafi d Nabil Aḥemjiq ttren zi lmendubiya n leḥbes ad munen aked Muḥemmed Jellul di Ṭanja niɣ di Fas kudkud i ten ɣa smunen di leḥbes n Selwan. Tutra-ya ead wer x-s tetterri lmendubiyya n leḥbes.
Deg ijjen ulaɣi i baba-s, yenna-dd Naṣer Zefzafi belli netta ɛad iqqim x leahed. Mamec ittetter ad rxun i merra inekraf isertanen x Lḥirak zzag-sen Lbacir Ben Ceayeb. Mamec ittbedda aked taqsuḥi n Muḥemmed Jellul. Iwekked Zzefzafi ila netta d argaz n umsawal.


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Ileggi
Ileggi (Isem usnan: Cytisus) d tawsit n yemɣi seg twacult n Fabaceae (fr) . Carl Von Linné d amdan amezwaru i yuran fell-as deg useggas n 1753.
Tilmas[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ismawen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Isem-is s latinit: Cytisus arboreus ou Cytisus triflorus
- Isem-is s tefransist: Cytise arborescent ou Cytise à longues grappes
- Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit:Tiluggit
- Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt:
Isseqdac[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tiwelhiwin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ 'Imɣan n Tensawt - Plantes de Kabylie ' - Saïd Zidat - Editions Innexsys, Luxembourg, Avril 2016 ISBN 978-99959-0-205-6 www.imghantensawt.lu


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Ɛebdelwaḥid ḤENNU
Ḥajit majit, seksu d tyaẓiḍt, mala tweḍḍer-aneɣ a tt-naf.
Yekker di min yeɛdun, ttuɣa dinni ijjen wayrad ittɛic deg yijjen tagant, ttuɣa yeṭɣa x imudaren. Yeggur, wenni i t-idd ɣa yelqan deg webrid a t-ineɣ. Imudaren merra ttuɣa ttegg°den zeg-s, ttuɣa ttnuffaran, wer tteffɣen ula ad rzun min ɣa ccen.
Deg yijjen wass, munen imudaren merra, ggin agraw bac ad xarrsen di min ɣa ggen. Merra idsen xeyyqen s min xasen-ittekken aked wayrad. Uḥren xarrsen, ɣer uneggaru yenḍeq-dd wuccen, yenna-sen: « Necc ttwaliɣ wer nettejji ca ayrad a daneɣ-ineɣ ansam. Ittxessa kul ass a ɣer-s ittraḥ yijjen, a t-yecc, bac inneḍni ad ddren di lehna, wer ttegg°den, uca kul ijjen ad yedder mamek yexs, al dd-ɣa taweḍ nnubet-nnes, ad iraḥ ad isellem ixf-nnes i wayrad a t-yecc. »
Merra imudar iɛjeb-asen min dd-yusin x yiles n wuccen. Lexdenni, iruḥ ittazzel ɣer wayrad, ixebber-it s minzi ffɣen deg wegraw-nsen. Yenna-s wuccen: « Ssa d usawen nnehra qeɛ ma tmerrted ixf-nnec a x-aneɣ trezzud, a x-aneɣ tettazzled. Aqqa-c kul ass, macca-nnec a dac-dd-tettas al ifassen. nekkes awal ḥuma kul ass a dd-ittas yijjen zeg-neɣ a t-ttetted.«
Yerra x-as wayrad, yenna-s: « Min tennid ammu d asebḥan, maca sḥess a dak-iniɣ; Mala yeɛḍel xaf-i ca n yijjen, aqa a kenniw nɣeɣ merra deg yijjen tekti. »
Amenni nnit. Dewlen imudar ttasen-dd kul ass ijjen s yijjen ḥuma a ten-yecc wayrad. alami dd-tiweḍ nnubet n uyerẓiẓ. Ixarres, yenna aked yexf-nnes: « Mayemmi necc ɣa wceɣ ixf-inu i wayrad a dayi-ineɣ, a dayi yecc? Mayemmi wer ttxarrseɣ ayrad-a a t-nɣeɣ nnit, walli d netta i dayi ɣa yenɣen? »
Iruḥ uyerẓiẓ miɣis, yeɛḍel aked webrid. Umi ixecc ɣer yefri n wayrad, yufa-t wer yelli di ca. Yeccuɛri, yessufeɣ-dd accaren, iɛerra x wuyran… Ijeɛjeɛ-dd x uyerẓiẓ, yenna-s-dd: « Mayemmi tɛeḍled? Ass-a a c-cceɣ, ad nɣeɣ qeɛ imudaren. »
Yerra x-as uyerẓiẓ miɣis, yenna-s: « Raja a sidi ajellid a dac-ɛawdeɣ min dayi-yemsaren aked webrid. aqqa-c ttuɣa usiɣ-dd di lweqt nican. Iwḍeɣ-dd ɣer lwesṭ n webrid, msagareɣ aked yijjen wayrad nniḍen. Yexs a dayi-yecc! Nniɣ-as: aha! aqa ggureɣ ɣer ujellid-nneɣ, aqa necc ass-a d macca-nnes netta walli nnec. aqa mala teccid-ayi, a c-ineɣ! »
Ayrad yekɛa s min ittesla zeg uyerẓiẓ. yerni yenna-s: « Aqqa-c waxxa nniɣ-as amenni, Yenna-yi mana ujellid i ɣer-wem dinni, aqa a t-nɣeɣ, a kenniw nɣeɣ akid-s.«
iɛesseb wayrad, yenna-s i uyerẓiẓ: « Ugur sken-ayi mani yella wayrad-a a das-ssekneɣ lɛib i zi dayi-dd-ittaweḍ, d wehnunni i xaf-i dd-ittegg di tagant-inu. »
Iruḥ uyerẓiẓ aked wayrad, alami i t-yessiweḍ ɣer yijjen wanu yeccur s waman. Yenna-s: Aqqa-c ay ajellid-inu, da i yella, da i dayi-yenna a kenniw-rajiɣ.
Yessijj wayrad deg wanu-nni, ittwala udem-nnes deg waman, ittɣir-as d ayrad nniḍen. Iɛerra x teɣmas, yeccuɛri, ittwala ayrad-nni i das-dd-ittbanen deg waman ula d netta iɛerra x teɣmas, yeccuɛri. Lexdenni yenḍu deg wanu, uca yehwa deg waman al tisi.
Awarn i manaya, Munen imudaren merra, wtin-as deg wuru i uyerẓiẓ, Nnan-as: Saḥḥit x tiɣit-nnec, zi ssa d usawen, a nedder di lehna, bla tigg°di.


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Cabḥa Ben Gana, d yiwet n tlemẓit i yettmeslayen s yimru, d tanelmad deg Ugezdu n tutlayt d yidles amaziɣ n Tizi Uzzu , d tamyarut. Tesɛa sin n yidlisen, amenzu d ungal i d-yeffɣen deg useggas n 2018 iwumi tsemma Amsebrid. Ungal-a, yettmeslay-d ɣef sin n watmaten i d-yekkren di lḥif, yiwen seg-sen yesɛa 11 n dderya, ma yella d wayeḍ-nni, ur yesɛi ara aṭas yernu yettidir di Fransa. Yiwet n tikkelt, yegzem-itt di rray akken ad yawi tawacult-is ad yinig ɣer tmurt n Fransa. Iruḥ, yeǧǧa-d gma-s yettkemmil tudert di lḥif, syin yerna ɣur-sen uqcic wis 12, d amaẓuz, d winna i ten-irefden. Tameṭṭut, tebɣa ad tekkes taɛdawt i d-ilulen gar watmaten, tenna-as ad as-d nexḍeb i Usirem yelli-s n ɛemmi-s Kenza. Asirem, yella yakan iḥemmel yiwet qqaren-as Tilelli…
Ungal-agi, yelḥa s waṭas deg tnedlisin. Tqbaylit i tessexdem deg-s temyarut, amzun tɛedda deg uɣerbal, akken daɣen tessexdam kra n tenfaliyin izaden ma gar-asent: “Ur yi-ttaǧǧa ara ad gneɣ ay Asirem, uggadeɣ limmer ad d-kkreɣ, ad d-afeɣ d targit i urgaɣ, ur yelli kra deg wayen akka ttidireɣ tura’’. “Kfant tirga a tageldunt-iw, aql-aɣ akken deg yiwen n uxxam…”. Syin akkin, tesiẓreg-d ammud n yisefra “ Ixef n wawal” ass n 04 yebrir iɛeddan , tikkelt-agi yerna-as-d gma-s Masinissa cbaḥa ugar i wammud n yisefra. Deg yixef amezwaru, d isefra i tura Cabḥa asmi tella d tanelmad deg uɣerbaz alemmas.
Isental, mmxallafen ama ɣef tmagit, ama ɣef wayen akk yezmer ad yidir umdan , ula d aɣanib s wayes i ddan yisefra, mxallafen seg yiwen ɣer wayeḍ. Nesteqsa Massa Ben Gana d acu ara d-tini i yinelmaden neɣ wid yettarun s tmaziɣt s umata? D acu n uwellih ara sen-tefk akken ad siẓrgen ayen i ttarun, a-t-an wacu i d-tenna : “Ma yella wacu ten-yeṭṭfen neɣ walan iḍrisen-nsen ur wjiden ara, ulac ɣer-s ma yella urǧan . Ma yella d akukru, ɣas ɛeddit ɣer usezreg, adlis d tafekka kan deg-i ara tarrem tikta d yiḥulfan nwen”
Masinissa Ben Gana
Masinissa Ben Gana, d yiwen n yilemzi i d-yekkren di tmurt n leqbayel. Ixeddem di Lezzayer tamanaɣt. Yesɛa 29 n yiseggasen di leemr-is, yettaru ɣef wayen yettidir yal aqbayeli neɣ azayri di tudert-is s umata. Nesteqa Masinissa. D tikti-k, neɣ d tikti n Cabḥa akken ad tesddukklem isefra-nwen ? Yerra-d: ‘’Yal yiwen yesea tikti ara d-yesuffeɣ armi d aseggas n 2012 imi nhedder, teffɣeɣ-d tikti-agi ad d-nesuffeɣ yiwen n udlis di sin.-Tettaruḍ ayen nniḍen ?-Ih ttaruɣ ayen-nniḍen, sewjdeɣ yiwen n wungal s tmaziɣt ara d-yeffɣen gar-anneɣ d taggara n useggas 202. Ttaruɣ s waṭas s taqbaylit , seiɣ daɣen kra n yiḍrisen d isefra s tefransist maca mačči aṭas; ur d asen-fkiɣ ara azal am wakken i d as-fkiɣ i tira n yisefra n teqbaylit .
Souhila Yamani


text:
Timessi d tameqqrant tenni i yeṭṭfen di ca n tḥuna di ssuq lmurekkeb di lwest n Nnaḍur. Aya yemsar tameddit n lḥedd, aṭṭas n iwdan nnan belli qa d « aḍuqqez » n tfawt i yeggin amenni.
Maca la d ijjen ɛad ma issen s tidet, mamec igga ar mani tekker timessi-ya, amek la d ijjen ma iwweḍ ad issen anict n txessura i tecca timessi. Ula kṭer, timessi-ya tewta tiḥuna mani llan warruḍ.
Timessi-ya tameqqrant i yeccin ijjen wudem zi ssuq lmurekkeb, irr-d ɣer lbal timessi n ssuq n Juṭiyya di 2000 d timessi i yeccin ssuq n Ɛbḍellah n tlimant di 2014. Ameggaru-ya waxxa teɛda x-as tmenya iseggusa maca ɛad wer wwiḍen ad reẓmen ssuq-a wa.
Aṭṭas n isebbaben i d-yusin ɣer ssuq n lmurekkeb zegga i d-rrin lexbar belli timessi teṭṭef di ssuq, ca zzag-sen ggin tizemmar bac ad snejmen sselɛet-nnsen i yellan ɣer daxel.
Mani d-banen inniḍen teṭṭef-iten tafeqqeɛt, rrin-t x imeṭṭawen, zegga ufin belli tidi-nnsen d igelwan-nnsen tecc-it tmessi.
Tfawt iruḥen, ttuɣa-t d amxumbel zzat i bumbirut bac ad sxesyen timessi a ɣer-s adsen kṭer.
Timessi-ya i d-ijjin aṭṭas n txessura, tesscmeḍ ca zi tḥuna, tessigg°ed aṭṭas n yewdan, minzi qqaren ila d ta d ticti i ɣa yeqḍan x yikunumu n Nnaḍur, zegga bellɛen Mlilet.
Γer tseɛɛet n ḥiṭac n llilet, wwḍen ad sxesyen timessi amen tekmel di ssuq, zegga tecca ca n 22 n tḥuna n sselɛet.


text:
Davide Ghirlandaio (1452–1525), ittwassnen awed s David Ghirlandaio neɣ Davide Bigordi, ikka-t-inn iga yan umekla awṭalyan d yan umsenflul n tmuẓayikt ittmussun ammas n tmazirt-nnes tayemmat Flurinsa.
Kkan-t-inn aytma-s Bendetto Ghirlandaio (1458-1497) d Domenico Ghirlandaio (1449-1494) s sin-idsen d imeklawen, zun d nit memmi-s n gmat-sen; Ridolfo Ghirlandaio (1483–1561). Ikka-t-inn Davide iga amawas d yan wucrik i gma-s, amekla ameqqran Domenico. Ḍart tmettant n Domenico, yumeẓ Davide astudyu-nnes isderreb-as memmi-s Ridolfo. Ikka-t-inn iga active g usdikuṛ n tmuẓayikt n tkatidraliyt n Orvieto.


text:
Agʷmmay amaziɣ aɛṛab
Agʷmmay Amaziɣ-Aɛṛab iga yan wanaw n ugʷmmay aɛṛab nna s tt inn kkant tutlayin timaziɣin ar ttyurant zg tasutin timaẓunin g tmizar n tmazɣa, s lawan akkʷ ɣ tmazirt n icelḥiyn ɣ unẓul utrim n lmɣrib[1][2].
Amzruy[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ḍart n ukcam n lislam d tutlayt taɛṛabt s tamazɣa, ufan nn imaziɣn is fllasn iga ccil ad sslkmn tiɣlaf n usgd i ugdud, aya a f ssntan ar ttaran, ar ssuɣuln s tamaziɣt. Nnig n aya, illa mad yuran i tmntal tisrtanin zun d Ibn Tumrt[3].
Iɣ niwi f aylli bdrn kra n isugam imzrayn, rad ig “lqqʷran” n Ṣaliḥ Bn Ṭarif (tuddma n tasuta tis tamt), isr n iburɣwaṭn, adlis amzwaru nna ittyuran s tmaziɣt s ugʷmmay aɛṛab. Lqqʷran ad amaziɣ ur aɣ d zgis lkimnt amr tisuɣal n kra n twinas s tɛṛabt[3].
Ar aɣ addran isugam mas tt inn ikka yan yaḍn g tmazirt n Iɣumarn, g tgira n tasuta tis tẓat, iga ism nns Ḥamim Bn Manna, isrs asn ula ntta yan “lqqʷran” s tmaziɣt.
G tasuta tiss snat d mrawt, yara Ibn Tumrt mnnaw idlisn bac ad izuzzr tiwngimin n uẓgʷr nns asrtan gr imṣmudn lli bahra ur issinn i tɛṛabt. Llan ɣ udlis nns lli mi ism “Attawḥid” sa n igzzumn (laḥzab), inna asn ad aqqran yan ugzzum kraygat ass ḍart n tɣri n lḥizb, ilin kra n isugam ar ttalsen is asn inna ad t akkʷ ḥsun aylliɣ darsn yurri zun d lqqʷran. Bdrn daɣ isugam sin idlisn yaḍn, “Alqawaɛid” d “Liama”, sin itsn llan gr ifassn n mddn ɣ wakdu ann, maca ur aɣ d ilkim walu zɣ idlisn n Ibn Tumrt[3].
Sg uzgn wis sin n tasuta tis 12 ar tasuta tis 20, tbayn d twrglat n tirra lli mi qqarn “Lmazɣi”. Tawrglat tẓli ɣ umata s usgd, izrfan, id msmun awal isinutlayn, mayd ittyussann g tsnijjit, akud, tsnitrit d usiḍn. Awttas n twrglat ad iga t usutti ddaw n tɣlaf n usgd anslem d ushwn n ulmmud n imḥḍarn, ukan ayann a f gan t ɣ umata tanḍḍamt irxan g uḥssu[3].
Tizi tamaẓunt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ilugnn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
G tɣuri n Nico Van Den Boogert (2000)[4], Imdyatn iqburn akkʷ n usnmarra n tasutin timaẓunin ɣ Sus gan zɣ tasuta tis 10 (ḌL), gin imggura akkʷ zɣ tis 14 (ḌL).
Mqqar nẓḍaṛ ad naf kra n inuḥyutn g usmdya n kra n trgalin, da ittɣama usnmarra ad iga armskil. Maya da immal is d willi srsnin anagraw ad swingmn gis zwar mzyan bac ad sis sslmadn i imslmaziɣn. Arratn iqburn a ɣ ar nttafa tillugna akkʷ imqqurn.
Iɣritn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ɣ umata n warratn, tiguriwin da tggant tigaɣranin akkʷ nɣ Da isnuḥyu usnmarra gr kkuẓ iɣritn: ‘’a’’, ‘’i’’, ‘’u’’ d ‘’e’’ (aɣri afssas). Iɣritn ‘’a’’, ‘’i’’ d ‘’u’’ da ttyuran s Ḥurūf al-madd (حروف المدّ), imdyatn:
Ɣ usnmarra arimɣr, aɣri anammas e (aɣri afssas) ur ar ittyura ɣ tuẓẓumt n tguri. Yiẓḍiṛ uɣri afssas ula ad yili ɣ tfirin ṛẓmnin:
Ɣ usnmarra imɣr, aɣri afssas ar bahra ittyura s Fatḥa. G kra n warratn yaḍn s Kasra.
Iɣritn n tuddma n tguri[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Kra n idlisn tettyura gisn i- d u- s alif-mamduda nna tḍfṛ yāʼ nɣ wāw. Amsli a- g tuddma n tguri da ittyura s alif-mamduda nna iḍfṛn hamza ittyagaln, imdyatn:
Arratn yaḍn gisn ɣar yan umdya n uɣri n tuddma n tguri a-, ittyura gis s alif-mamduda:
G twilatin timɣrin g kraygat mani nɣ g kra n igzzumn ka, zun d arra Kitab Al-Asma n Ibn Tunart, da tettyura a- n tuddma s alif-mamduda nɣ alif mamduda d yat hamza nna tt zwarn:
Ɣ twilatin timɣrin, Ar ittara Ibn Tunart i- n tuddma s alif ilan yat lhmza ddaws, tiḍfur tt yā’:
Ɣ tuddma, u- da tettyura s alif d hmza ittyuzmmamn g tuẓẓumt nns, tiḍfur tt wāw:
Aɣri afssas n tuddma n tguri da ittyura s alif (s Tatḥa tamẓẓyant tamattuyt g uḍris imɣr):
G warratn yaḍnin, tiguriwin timaziɣin da ttyaflent gant tirimɣrin. Kud nna tettyura kra n tguri bla agaɣri, da ittyura a- n tuddma n tguri s walif, ttyuran i- d u- n tuddma s alif nna iḍfṛ ḥarf al-madd nna dids yuckan:
Iɣ ur ittyuzmmam ugaɣri, iẓḍaṛ alif-waw ad ig u- nɣ aw-, tiẓḍir alif-yā’ ad tg i- nɣ ay-:
Iɣritn n tgira n tguri[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ɣ tgira n tguri, da bdda ittyura -a s alif. Kra n tkkal s alif maqṣura (ألف مقصورة) nɣ s hā’ (هاء)
Ɣ tgira n tguri, Wāw (الواو) da igzza aɣri -u nɣ aznaɣri -w. G kigan n tkkal da t iḍffṛ yan walif lli igan ɣar imis awnɣan:
Tirgalin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Amata n trgalin ur illi umukris g tirra nnsnt:
Tilli ur illin ɣ uskkil aɛṛab dḥint imaziɣn ad stin askkil akkʷ yaẓn i yimsli lli tgzza.
Aya a f ar nttafa 'ḍ' ittyura s ṭā’ (طاء) acku asusru n ض ɣ wakud ann naḥya t d win tɛṛabt tanawayt tatrart, imdyatn:
Targalt ẓ da tettuzmmem s zāy (زاي) nɣ s ṣād (الصاد)
Ɣ kra n imdyatn idrusn, askkil ṣād (الصاد) da igzza ṣ:
Targalt g da tettuzmmam s ǧīm nɣ kāf nɣ qāf:
Targalt j da tettuzmmam ǧīm nɣ cīn:
Targalt tussidt ǧǧ da bedda tettuzmmam s ǧīm:
Agancuc
Ar ittuzmmam ugancuc n trglin tulɣiwanin g tirra timɣrt s tmatart ḍamma (الضمة), f uskkil nna nit ilan agancuc nɣ walli t izwarn.
Isugam[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- ↑ برونياتي ّلي, فيرموندو, مُختاراتٌ لمخطوطاتٍ بالأمازيغيةِ الليبيَّةِ والتونسيَّةِ مِن حقبٍ مختلفة - وصف وتعليق, Al-Manahil 100 (Fall-Winter 2020): 47-54
- ↑ Saadouni, M., & Stroomer, H. (2020). Tashelhiyt berber manuscripts in Arabic characters: an update. Études et Documents Berbères, N° 42(2), 193–200. https://doi.org/10.3917/edb.042.0193
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 et 3,3 نوحي, الوافي (2020). مجلة المناهل، العدد 100، لمحات عن الرصيد الأمازيغي المکتوب. التراث الأمازيغي المخطوط بالمغرب: نظرات في النشأة والتطور.
- ↑ Boogert, Nico van den. 2000. Medieval Berber orthography. In: salem chaker & Andrzej Zaborski, eds. Études berbères et chamito-sémitiques. Mélanges offerts à Karl-G. Prasse. Paris & Louvain: Peeters. 357–377.


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text:
Tidayriwin n Lezzayer
Tamurt n Lezzayer tesɛa 547 tidayriwin, tamaneɣt n yal tadayra qqaren-as s trumit: chef-lieu de daïra. Yal tadayra tettwabḍu i tiɣiwanin.
Tidayriwin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
• Tawilayt n Wedrar (Tadayra n Wedrar, Tadayra n Awlef, Tadayra n Fennuɣil, Tadayra n Reggan, Tadayra n Tsabit, Tadayra n Zawiyet Kunta)
• Tawilayt n Cclef (Tadayra n Ɛin Merran, Tadayra n Bni Ḥewwa, Tadayra n Buqadir, Tadayra n Cclef, Tadayra n Lkarimeyya, Tadayra n Lmerṣa, Tadayra n Wad Lfeḍḍa, Tadayra n Wlad Benɛebdelqader, Tadayra n Wlad Fares, Tadayra n Twegrit, Tadayra n Tnes, Tadayra n Ẓebbuǧa, Tadayra n Abu Lḥasan)
• Tawilayt n Leɣwaṭ (Tadayra n Waflu, Tadayra n Ɛin Maḍi, Tadayra n Brida, Tadayra n Lɣica, Tadayra n Geltet Sidi Seɛd, Tadayra n Ḥasi Rrmel, Tadayra n Qṣer Lḥiran, Tadayra n Leɣwaṭ, Tadayra n Wad Murra, Tadayra n Sidi Mexluf)
• Tawilayt n Um Lebwaqi (Tadayra n Ɛin Babuc, Tadayra n Ɛin Lbiḍa, Tadayra n Yifker, Tadayra n Ɛin Kerca, Tadayra n Ɛin Mlila, Tadayra n Ḍḍelɛa, Tadayra n Fkirina, tadayra n Qṣer Ṣbiḥi, Tadayra n Meskyana, Tadayra n Um Lebwaqi, Tadayra n Sigus, Tadayra n Suq Neɛman)
• Batna (Tadayra n Ɛin Ǧaser, Tadayra n Ɛin Ttuta, Tadayra n Warris, Tadayra n Barika, Tadayra n Tbatent, Tadayra n Buzina, Tadayra n Cmurra, Tadayra n Lǧezzar, Tadayra n Lmeɛder, Tadayra n Yicmul, Tadayra n Menɛa, Tadayra n Tmerwant, Tadayra n Ngawes, Tadayra n Wat Sellam, Tadayra n Wat Si Sliman, Tadayra n Ras Leɛyun, Tadayra n Tseggant, Tadayra n Tseryant, Tadayra n Tkukt, Tadayra n Taẓult, Tadayra n Tizi n Lɛabed, Tadayra n Timgad)
• Tawilayt n Bgayet (Tadayra n Udekkar, Tadayra n Weqbu, Tadayra n Umiẓur, Tadayra n Uweqqas, Tadayra n Yiberbacen, Tadayra n Bgayet, Tadayra n Wat Maeuc, Tadayra n Cemmini, Tadayra n Yiderginen, Tadayra n Leqṣer, Tadayra n Wuzellagen, Tadayra n Yiɣil Ɛli, Tadayra n Xerraṭa, Tadayra n Ṣedduq, Tadayra n Sidi Ɛic, Tadayra n Suq n Letniyen, Tadayra n Tezmalt, Tadayra n Ticci, Tadayra n Timeẓrit)
• Tawilayt n Tbeskert (Tadayra n Tbeskert, Tadayra n Ǧmura, Tadayra n Fuɣala, Tadayra n Lqenṭra, Tadayra n Lewṭaya, Tadayra n Temsunin, Tadayra n Wlad Ğellal, Tadayra n Urlal, Tadayra n Sidi Xaled, Tadayra n Sidi Ɛuqba, Tadayra n Ṭulga, Tadayra n Zribet Lwad)
• Tawilayt n Beccar (Tadayra n Ɛbadla, Tadayra n Beccar, Tadayra n Bni Wnif, Tadayra n Qnadsa, Tadayra n Leḥmer, Tadayra n Taɣit)
• Tawilayt n Leblida (Tadayra n Leblida, Tadayra n Bufarik, Tadaya n Bugerra, Tadayra n Bwinan, Tadayra n Lɛefrun, Tadayra n Larebɛa, Tadayra n Meftaḥ, Tadayra n Muzaya, Tadayra n Wad Lɛellayeg, Tadayra n Wlad Iɛic)
• Tawilayt n Tubiret (Tadayra n Ɛin Bessam, Tadayra n Beclul, Tadayra n Bir Ɣbalu, Tadayra n Burǧ Uxriṣ, Tadayra n Tubiret, Tadayra n Lhacimeyya, Tadayra n Ḥizer, Tadayra n Qadireyya, Tadayra n Lexḍareyya, Tadayra n Imceddalen, Tadayra n Suq Lexmis, Tadayra n Ṣur Lɣezlan)
• Tawilayt n Tmenɣest (Tadayra n Abalessa, Tadayra n Tmenɣest, Tadayra n Teẓruk)
• Tawilayt n Tbessa (Tadayra n Tbessa, Tadayra n Lekwif, Tadayra n Murseṭ, Tadayra n Lma Lebyeḍ, Tadayra n Leɛwinat, Tadayra n Wenza, Tadayra n Bir Mqeddem, Tadayra n Bir Lɛater, Tadayra n Lɛeqla, Tadayra n Um Ɛli, Tadayra n Negrin, Tadayra n Ccriɛa)
• Tawilayt n Tlemsan (Tadayra n Ɛin Talut, Tadayra n Bab Lɛessa, Tadayra n Bni Busɛid, Tadayra n Wat Snus, Tadayra n Bensekran, Tadayra n Cetwan, Tadayra n Fellawsen, Tadayra n Ɣazawat, Tadayra n Leḥnaya, Tadayra n Hunayn, Tadayra n Meɣneyya, Tadayra n Menṣura, Tadayra n Merṣa Ben Mhidi, Tadayra n Nedruma, Tadayra n Wlad Mimun, Tadayra n Rremci, Tadayra n Ṣebra, Tadayra n Sebdu, Tadayra n Sidi Ǧilali, Tadayra n Tlemsan)
• Tawilayt n Tihert (Tadayra n Ɛin Ddheb, Tadayra n Ɛin Kermes, Tadayra n Deḥmuni, Tadayra n Frenda, Tadayra n Ḥemmadeyya, Tadayra n Qṣer Cellala, Tadayra n Mehdeyya, Tadayra n Mecreɛ Ṣṣfa, Tadayra n Medrusa, Tadayra n Mɣila, Tadayra n Wad Lili, Tadayra n Rreḥweyya, Tadayra n Suger, Tadayra n Tihert)
• Tawilayt n Tizi Wezzu (Tadayra n Ɛin Lḥemmam, Tadayra n Yiɛeẓẓugen, Tadayra n Uẓeffun, Tadayra n Wat Dwala, Tadayra n Wat Yenni, Tadayra n Buɣni, Tadayra n Wat Wizgan, Tadayra n Draɛ Ben Xedda, Tadayra n Draɛ Lmizan, Tadayra n Yiferḥunen, Tadayra n Larebɛa Nat Yiraten, Tadayra n Lemɛatqa, Tadayra n Makuda, Tadayra n Meqleɛ, Tadayra n Wat Wasif, Tadayṛa n Yiwaḍiyen, Tadayra n Wat Wagnun, Tadayra n Tigzirt, Tadayra n Tizi Ɣennif, Tadayra n Tizi Wezzu, Tadayra n Tizi Raced)
• Tawilayt n Lezzayer (Tadayra n Bab Lwad, Tadayra n Berraqi, Tadayra n Bir Murad Rayes, Tadayra n Birtuta, Tadayra n Buzerriɛa, Tadayra n Ccraga, Tadayra n Ddar Lbiḍa, Tadayra n Drarya, Tadayra n Lḥerrac, Tadayra n Ḥusin Day, Tadayra n Rrwiba, Tadayra n Sidi Mḥemmed, Tadayra n Ziralda)
• Tawilayt n Lǧelfa (Tadayra n Ɛin Libil, Tadayra n Ɛin Wessara, Tadayra n Birin, Tadayra n Ccaref, Tadayra n Dar Ccyux, Tadayra n Lǧelfa, Tadayra n Lidriseyya, Tadayra n Fiḍ Lbuṭma, Tadayra n Ḥed Ṣṣḥari, Tadayra n Ḥasi Beḥbaḥ, Tadayra n Mesɛed, Tadayra n Sidi Leɛǧal)
• Tawilayt n Ǧiǧel (Tadayra n Cceqfa, Tadayra n Ǧimla, Tadayra n Lɛenṣer, Tadayra n Lɛewwana, Tadayra n Lmileyya, Tadayra n Ǧiǧel, Tadayra n Seṭṭara, Tadayra n Sidi Meɛruf, Tadayra n Ṭṭahir, Tadayra n Taksanna, Tadayra n Zyama Menṣureyya)
• Tawilayt n Sṭif (Tadayra n Ɛin Arnat, Tadayra n Ɛin Azal, Tadayra n Ɛin Lekbira, Tadayra n Ɛin Ulman, Tadayra n Yiɛemmucen, Tadayra n Babur, Tadayra n Bni Ɛziz, Tadayṛa n At Wertilan, Tadayra n Bir Lɛerc, Tadayra n Buɛendas, Tadayra n Bugaɛa, Tadayra n Ǧmila, Tadayra n Lɛelma, Tadayra n Genzat, Tadayra n Geǧǧal, Tadayra n Ḥemmam Gergur, Tadayra n Ḥemmam Ssuxna, Tadayra n Walma Waklan, Tadayra n Saleḥ Bay, Tadayra n Sṭif)
• Tawilayt n Ssɛida (Tadayra n Ɛin Leḥǧer, Tadayra n Leḥsasna, Tadayra n Wlad Brahim, Tadayra n Ssɛida, Tadayra n Sidi Bubker, Tadayra n Yub)
• Tawilayt n Skikda (Tadayra n Ɛin Qecra, Tadayra n Ɛezzaba, Tadayra n Ben Ɛezzuz, Tadayra n Lqull, Tadayra n Leḥdayeq, Tadayra n Lḥerruc, Tadayra n Wlad Ɛṭeyya, Tadayra n Um Ṭṭub, Tadayra n Remḍan Ǧamal, Tadayra n Sidi Mezɣic, Tadayra n Skikda, Tadayra n Tmalus, Tadayra n Zituna)
• Tawilayt n Sidi Belɛebbas (Tadayra n Ɛin Lberd, Tadayra n Ben Badis, Tadayra n Merḥum, Tadayra n Mrin, Tadayra n Mesṭafa Ben Brahim, Tadayra n Mulay Slisen, Tadayra n Ras Lma, Tadayra n Sfizef, Tadayra n Sidi Ɛli Benyub, Tadayra n Sidi Ɛli Busidi, Tadayra n Sidi Belɛebbas, Tadayra n Sidi Leḥsen, Tadayra n Ttlaɣ, Tadayra n Tnira, Tadayra n Tsala)
• Tawilayt n Ɛennaba (Tadayra n Ɛennaba, Tadayra n Ɛin Lbarda, Tadayra n Lḥeǧǧar, Tadayra n Berreḥḥal, Tadayra n Lbuni, Tadayra n Ceṭṭaybi)
• Tawilayt n Galma (Tadayra n Ɛin Mexluf, Tadayra n Bucegguf, Tadayra n Gelɛet Buṣbeɛ, Tadayra n Galma, Tadayra n Ḥemmam Debbaɣ, Tadayra n Ḥemmam Nbayel, Héliopolis (fr) , Tadayra n Hewwari Bumedyen, Tadayra n Lexzara, Tadayra n Wad Znati)
• Tawilayt n Qsenṭina (Tadayra n Ɛin Ɛbid, Tadayra n Qsenṭina, Tadayra n Lexrub, Tadayra n Ḥamma Buzeyyan, Tadayra n Ibn Zeyyad, Tadayra n Ziɣut Yusef)
• Tawilayt n Lemdeyya (Tadayra n Ɛin Busif, Tadayra n Ɛaziz, Tadayra n Bni Sliman, Tadayra n Berwageyya, Tadayra n Ccehbuneyya, Tadayra n Cellalet Leɛdawra, Tadayra n Leɛzizeyya, Tadayra n Lɛumareyya, Tadayra n Lgelb Lekbir, Tadayra n Qṣer Lbuxari, Tadayra n Lemdeyya, Tadayra n Wamri, Tadayra n Wlad Ɛenṭer, Tadayra n Wezra, Tadayra n Seɣwan, Tadayra n Si Lmeḥǧub, Tadayra n Sidi Neɛman, Tadayra n Sswagi, Tadayra n Teblaḍt)
• Tawilayt n Mestɣanem (Tadayra n Ɛecɛaca, Tadayra n Ɛin Nwisi, Tadayra n Ɛin Tadelles, Tadayra n Bugirat, Tadayra n Ḥasi Memmac, Tadayra n Xireddin, Tadayra n Masra, Tadayra n Mestɣanem, Tadayra n Sidi Ɛli, Tadayra n Sidi Lexḍer)
• Tawilayt n Temsilt (Tadayra n Ɛin Leḥǧel, Tadayra n Ɛin Lmelḥ, Tadayra n Ben Srur, Tadayra n Busɛada, Tadayra n Cellal, Tadayra n Ǧbel Msaɛed, Tadayra n Ḥemmam Ḍḍelɛa, Tadayra n Xubbana, Tadayra n Temsilt, Tadayra n Megra, Tadayra n Meǧdel, Tadayra n Wlad Derraǧ, Tadayra n Wlad Sidi Brahim, Tadayra n Sidi Ɛisa, Tadayra n Sidi Ɛamer)
• Tawilayt n Mɛesker (Tadayra n Ɛin Fares, Tadayra n Ɛin Fekkan, Tadyra n Ɛuf, Tadayra n Buḥnifeyya, Tadayra n Lburǧ, Tadayra n Ɣris, Tadayra n Hacem, Tadayra n Mɛesker, Tadayra n Muḥemmadeyya, Tadayra n Ɛuggaz, Tadayra n Wad Lebṭal, Tadayra n Wad Taɣya, Tadayra n Sig, Tadayra n Tɣennif, Tadayra n Tizi, Tadayra n Zahana)
• Tawilayt n Wergla (Tadayra n Ḥasi Mesɛud, Tadayra n Ngusa, Tadayra n Wergla, Tadayra n Sidi Xwiled)
• Tawilayt n Wehran (Tadayra n Ɛin Tturk, Tadayra n Warziw, Tadayra n Beṭṭiwa, Tadayra n Bir Lǧir, Tadayra n Butlilis, Tadayra n Ssanya, Tadayra n Gdeyyel, Tadayra n Wehran, Tadayra n Wad Tlilat)
• Tawilayt n Lbeyyeḍ (Tadayra n Buɛlam, Tadayra n Bugṭeb, Tadayra n Busemɣun, Tadayra n Brizina, Tadayra n Cellala, Tadayra n Lebyeḍ Sidi Ccix, Tadayra n Lbeyyeḍ, Tadayra n Ruggaṣa)
• Tawilayt n Illizi (Tadayra n Illizi, Tadayra n In Aminas)
• Tawilayt n Burǧ Buɛririǧ (Tadayra n Ɛin Taɣrut, Tadayra n Bir Qeṣd Ɛli, Tadayra n Burǧ Buɛririǧ, Tadayra n Burǧ Leɣdir, Tadayra n Burǧ Zemmura, Tadayra n Wat Ǧeɛfer, Tadayra n Lḥemmadeyya, Tadayra n Lmenṣura, Tadayra n Meǧǧana, Tadayra n Ras Lwad)
• Tawilayt n Bumerdas (Tadayra n Leɛzib n Ccix, Tadayra n Lburǧ n Yimnayen, Tadayra n Budwaw, Tadayra n Bumerdas, Tadayra n Delles, Tadayra n Yesser, Tadayra n Lexmis n Lxecna, Tadayra n Leɛzib n Zeɛmum, Tadayra n Tizi n At Ɛica)
• Tawilayt n Ṭṭaref (Tadayra n Ben Mhidi, Tadayra n Lbesbas, Tadayra n Buḥeǧǧar, Tadayra n Butelǧa, Tadayra n Derɛan, Tadayra n Lqala, Tadayra n Ṭṭaref)
• Tawilayt n Tinduf (Tadayra n Tinduf)
• Tawilayt n Tisemsilt (Tadayra n Ɛemmari, Tadayra n Burǧ Bunɛama, Tadayra n Burǧ Lamir Ɛebdelqader, Tadayra n Xmisti, Tadayra n Lerǧam, Tadayra n Lezhareyya, Tadayra n Tneyyet Lḥedd, Tadayra n Tsemsilt)
• Tawilayt n Lwad (Tadayra n Lbeyyaḍa, Tadayra n Ddbila, Tadayra n Lwad, Tadayra n Gemmar, Tadayra n Ḥasi Xlifa, Tadayra n Lmegren, Tadayra n Mmih Wensa, Tadayra n Rrgiba, Tadayra n Rrebbaḥ, Tadayra n Ṭaleb Lɛerbi)
• Tawilayt n Txencelt (Tadayra n Txencelt, Tadayra n Ɛin Ṭṭwila, Tadayra n Babar, Tadayra n Buḥmama, Tadayra n Ceccar, Tadayra n Lḥamma, Tadayra n Qayes, Tadayra n Wlad Reccac)
• Tawilayt n Suq Ahṛas (Tadayra n Bir Buḥuc, Tadayra n Ḥeddada, Tadayra n Mdawruc, Tadayra n Mecruḥa, Tadayra n Lemrahna, Tadayra n Wlad Dris, Tadayra n Um Leɛḍayem, Tadayra n Isedraten, Tadayra n Suq Ahras, Tadayra n Tawra)
• Tawilayt n Tipaza (Tadayra n Ḥmer Lɛin, Tadayra n Busmaɛil, Tadayra n Cercal, Tadayra n Ddamus, Tadayra n Fuka, Tadayra n Guraya, Tadayra n Ḥeǧǧuṭ, Tadayra n Taqliɛt, Tadayra n Sidi Ɛmer, Tadayra n Tipaza)
• Tawilayt n Mila (Tadayra n Ɛin Lbiḍa Ḥerric, Tadayra n Buḥatem, Tadayra n Celɣum Lɛid, Tadayra n Ferǧiwa, Tadayra n Grarem Guga, Tadayra n Mila, Tadayra n Wad Nnǧa, Tadayra n Rrwaced, Tadayra n Sidi Merwan, Tadayra n Taǧnant, Tadayra n Tasadan Ḥeddada, Tadayra n Tlaɣma, Tadayra n Terɛi Baynan)
• Tawilayt n Ɛin Defla (Tadayra n Ɛin Defla, Tadayra n Ɛin Lecyax, Tadayra n Beṭḥeyya, Tadayra n Burǧ Lamir Xaled, Tadayra n Bumedfeɛ, Tadayra n Ǧendel, Tadayra n Ǧlida, Tadayra n Lɛebbadeyya, Tadayra n Lɛamra, Tadayra n Lɛeṭṭaf, Tadayra n Ḥemmam Riɣa, Tadayra n Lexmis n Tmelyant, Tadayra n Tmelyant, Tadayra n Rwina)
• Tawilayt n Nnɛama (Tadayra n Ɛin Ṣṣefra, Tadarya n Ɛesla, Tadayra n Mecreyya, Tadayra n Mekmen Ben Ɛemmar, Tadayra n Muɣrar, Tadayra n Nnɛama, Tadayra n Ṣfiṣifa)
• Tawilayt n Ɛin Timucent (Tadayra n Ɛin Kiḥel, Tadayra n Ɛin Larebɛa, Tadayra n Ɛin Timucent, Tadayra n Bni Ṣaf, Tadayra n Lɛemreyya, Tadayra n Lmaleḥ, Tadayra n Ḥemmam Buḥǧer, Tadayra n Ulhaṣa Lɣerraba)
• Tawilayt n Tɣerdayt (Tadayra n Metlili, Tadayra n Bunura, Tadayra n Lmenṣura, Tadayra n Tɣerdayt, Tadayra n Ḍayet Ben Ḍeḥwa, Tadayra n Zelfana, Tadayra n Berreyyan, Tadayra n Gerrara)
• Tawilayt n Ɣilizan (Tadayra n Ɛin Ṭareq, Tadayra n Ɛemmi Musa, Tadayra n Jdiwya, Tadayra n Leḥmadna, Tadayra n Lmeṭmer, Tadayra n Mazuna, Tadayra n Mendas, Tadayra n Wad Rhiw, Tadayra n Rremka, Tadayra n Ɣilizan, Tadaya n Sidi Mḥemmed Ben Ɛli, Tadayra n Yellel, Tadayra n Zemmura)
• Tawilayt n Ǧanet (Tadayra n Ǧanet)
• Tawilayt n Lemɣir (El M'Ghair (fr) , Tadayra n Lemɣir)
• Tawilayt n Lemniɛa (Tadayra n Lemniɛa)
• Tawilayt n Wlad Ǧellal
• Tawilayt n Burǧ Baǧi Mextar (Tadayra n Burǧ Baǧi Mextar)
• Tawilayt n Bni Ɛebbas (Tadayra n Bni Ɛebbas, Kerzaz (fr) , El Ouata (fr) , Tabelbala (fr) , Ouled Khoudir (fr) , Igli (fr) )
• Tawilayt n Timimun (Tadayra n Timimun, Tadayra n Ugrut, Tdayra n Cerwin, Tadayra n Tinerkuk)
• Tawilayt n Tuggurt (Tadayra n Tuggurt, Tamacine (fr) , Megarine (fr) , Taibet (fr) , El Hadjira (fr) , El Borma (fr) )
• Tawilayt n In Ṣaleḥ (Tadayra n In Ṣaleḥ, Tadayra n In Ɣar)
• Tawilayt n In Gezzam (Tadayra n In Gezzam, Tadayra n Tin Zawaten)


text:
Izinzer
Izinzer (Assaɣ ussnan: Coleoptera) d tafesna n ibureɣsen yeṭṭafaren afelfesna n tgensefriwin deg wadusmil n temsefriwin[1][2][3].Tilmas-is yettwassnen ugtent s waṭas, anda ttawṭent ɣer 400.000 n telmas neɣ ayen yegdan 40% n yiburɣas i d-ittwasnemlen, ayen i d-immalen d akken iznezren i d ibureɣsen yakk ɣef wacu i d-yella usenmel d weglam ugar n ibureɣsen niden, anda i d-ssiliɣen azal n 30% n tudert yettwassnen acku llant wazal n 5 alamma d 8 n imelyan n telmas yettwassnen d tid Ur nettwassen.
Dɣa, ar tura mazal yettili-d usnirem d tifin n telmas timaynutin war tamuɣli ɣer telmas inegren neɣ tid yuɣalen d azṛu[1]. Izinezren ttidiren deg wamur ameqran n twennaṭin, ama deg yigran, deg tẓegwa neɣ deg tneẓrufin maca ur ttidiren ara deg yideggan anda yettili usemmiṭ am Antraktika.
Izinzer itett imɣan d traɣlalin d wadalen, akken iy tteɣẓaẓ isekla imidduren d wid yeɣlin s agensu n tadriwin-nsent. Akken i llant kra seg telmas-is d tigemrawin tetten ibureɣsen niden neɣ deg tikwal niden tetten ula d yifrax n yigṭaṭ.
Tamhazt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Izinezren ttemyarawen s temhazt tummidt*[2] anda tawtemt tessrusay seg kra n imṛawen, n twinas alama d igimen n tmellalin deg teɣzi n tudert-is, deg yal tikkelt tessrusay timellalin-is deg wadeg imezgi anda yettili wučči i tkeččawin-is mi ara ad frurxent. Yerna tikeččawin n izinzer mgaradent ɣef tkeččawin n ibureɣsen niden deg tmeẓrit-is taqurant d yixef-is amsulles akken i llan yiriwen deg yimi i twaffẓa d yimrujen n wesgunef deg tɣzi n tfekka-ines.
Amyaraw d tikeli[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg talit n usiken, izinezren sskanayen-d tikeli tukrist, anda tikdi (rriḥa) tga d amur axatar deg temhelt n usiken. Ma yella ɣer kra n telmas n twacult n nicrophorus yettili-d umennuɣ gar n twetmin anda tid-ak yettwarnan (yettwaɣlaben) tteffɣent seg wannar n usiken s umṭafar anda i d-ttegrayen anagar izinezren ussisen (ijehden) i usegger n usiken yakk d izenzer ussis.
Deg tuget n tegnatin tettili-d tallit n usiken d tin meẓẓiyen anda tettawi kra b tsinin neɣ tesdatin. Maca ɣer kra n telmas tettkemmil temhalt n wuggi aṭas n tesragin anda i d-tettili tuddit n uẓẓel seg iwetmen ɣdr twetmin sin akin tteylullusent tmellalin i wakken ad ttwasersent, dɣa asrusu n tmellalin yemgarad seg telmest ɣer telmest niden, acku kra n telmas ssrusayent timellalin-nsent deg yiferran n yimɣan ma d tilmas niden zeṭṭen-tt-d tadliwin n weɣris deg yiferran n yimɣan sin akin ad ssersent deg-sent timellalin i wakken ad ttwaggẓent akken iy ssefk. Akken daɣen i llant telmas yeɣɣazen igedfen deg umezzur neɣ zdat am uẓerri iggaren timellalin-is s agensu (daxel) n yiẓẓan sin akin ad ten-yerr d tuzza (tamdurant) w ad tizzuɣer s yiṭarren-is n deffir ɣer wangu-ibes [3].
Tiwaculin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Imniren[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ Anagraw n isalan imsesmiliyen ummid ITIS Tafesna n izenzer Azemz n unekcum 01 ɣuct 2013 Archived 2017-06-10 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Ammas aɣelnaw i yisalan n teknudert (s Teglizit) NCBI Tafesna n izenzer Azemz n unekcum 01 ɣuct 2013 Archived 2020-01-22 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Tanda n taxonomicon (s Teglizit) Taxonomicon Tafesna n izenzer Azemz n unekcum 01 ɣuct 2013 Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine


text:
17:58 UTC Beacon only
bj1sa xw xw aaa ttt auv a4t ett ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt xw xw
bj1sa xw xw aaa ttt auv t6e ett ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt xw xw
bj1sa xw xw aaa ttt auv tnt ett ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt xw xw
bj1sa xw xw aaa ttt auv t6e ett ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt xw xw
bj1sa xw xw aaa ttt auv aue ett ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt xw xw
bj1sa xw xw aaa ttt ...... ... . ett ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt d
HO-68 ended the last sequence with letter D !! then changed to Beacon and
linear transponder TLM at 18:05
18:05 UTC Turn on linear transponder.
bj1sa xw xw ttt tta auv ttt ett u4d an6 64t evt u4t ett ttt ttt xw xw
bj1sa xw xw ttt tta auv ttt ett u4d an6 ett n6e u4t ett ttt ttt xw xw
bj1sa xw xw ttt tta auv ttt ett u4d vtt a46 evt u4t ett ttt ttt xw xw
bj1sa xw xw ttt tta auv ttt ett uet vau vnt e6t u4t ett ttt ttt xw xw
bj1sa xw xw ttt tta auv ttt ett uet vat uev e4t u4t ett ttt ttt xw xw
bj1sa xw xw ttt tta auv ttt ett u46 vu4 bet ebt u4u ett ttt ttt xw xw


text:
Aḍris n: Beverley D’Silva, Tala: BBC, Asuɣel: Andic.
Aṭṭas n imariten d inaẓuren ttuɣa tetteɛjib-asen taweḥdanit, mamec i dasen-itteɛjib i yina ad ḥerzen ixef-nnsen x midden. Maca min zzag-sen ɣa nelmed ? Beverley D’Silva tessawal ɣer Tracey Emin d yenniḍen i daneɣ ɣa iɛawden x manaya.
Aṭṭas n idelsawen ɣer-sen iwalen qqnen ɣer tweḥdanit, a nebda zeg usari n wezlawi Wordsworth i yennan x yixef-nnes ila igga am ij n usegnu weḥḥd-s deg ujenna amiriw. Ad naweḍ ɣer waṭṭas n iɣennijen i yessawalen x beṭṭu d tweḥdanit d tmexsa i wer yellin. Ca n imariten uran qqaɛ x lfaydet n tweḥdanit. Virginia Woolf teydar-d ila taweḥdanit tejj-itt ad taf iku n « uɣennij n umaḍal n tidet ». Ungal n « Tiɛurar n Wuthering » i tura Emily Brontë istextux s tweḥdanit d tfeqqaɛ-nnes.
Ila qqaren midden belli tamarit-a ttuɣa itteɛjib-as ad teḥrez ixef-nnes zeg wagdud. Drus xminni tetteffeɣ zeg ubilaj mani tlul di Haworth. Maca, zeg ijen uɣezdis-nniḍen, takumidit umi qqaren Lily Tomlin, tenna « neccin merra netteffekker-dd ila aqqa-aneɣ da weḥḥd-neɣ ».
Inaẓuren ttuɣa sɛeddan lweqt-nnsen d nitni mlagg°ajen x wayawa. Maḥend ad dd-agmen zi tufrayt (inspiration). Netta Shakespeare yura « ajellid Lear » umi ttuɣa imsar ubelleɛ di beddu n lqern 17, wami ṭṭaɛun ireddej London. Frida Kahlo ttuɣa tressem tilwiḥin i yixef-nnes weḥḥd-s.
Iffeɣ Van Gogh Paris ataɣ ad yaf di temdint n Arles, deg yeffus n Fransa, min ixef irezzu n lehna d tweḥdanit. Deg udlis-nnes « tudert n inaẓuren » aseggas n 1550, yura Giorgio Vasari i yellan netta d anaẓur, d arcitikt deg wakud n tnukra, -yura- « ila anaẓur netta ittedder x tma n wegdud ».
La d ijjen ma ittxes ad idder di tweḥdanit. Abelleɛ i yemsaren zegga ttyarita, d umlagg°aj anamun, issemɣar zi twacitin n tweḥdanit. Ula kṭer jar iḥudriyen. Waxxa taweḥdanit, ca n yiwdan wer tt-ḥemmlen, maca din umi itteɛjib. Ixḍaren ca zzag-sen ad ddren weḥḥd-sen zi zik. Ameknaw Paul n Thebes i ttuɣa yellan d Amasiḥi amezwaru i ixsen ad idder weḥḥd-s di sseḥra n Misra i waṭṭas n iseggusa. ijjen nniḍen ameknaw Anthony Storr yettwala deg udlis-nnes « taweḥdanit : adwal ɣer yixef », ila labudd bnadem ad isseɛda ca n lweqt weḥḥd-s ḥuma ad yeḥḍa sseḥḥet-nnes tanefsit, ad issemɣar zeg usenflul-nnes. Picasso ict twalat yenna ij n wawal yulleɣ ; « wer nzemmer a negg ca n lḥajet bla taweḥdanit ».
Aẓuyyet n yiman!
Ijjen usefsar i tegga tnaẓurt Tabriṭanit Tracey Emin tuɣa yeccur twacit n uxeyyeq d tiqqest. Asefsar icerken i tegga aked lexdayem n unaẓur Edvard Munch di Tkadimit tageldant n tẓuriwin di London, s yisem n « Aẓuyyet n yiman ». Asefsar-a immal-d tifras i yessawalen x twacitin-nnes di lexdayem n unaẓur Anerwiji Edvard Munch i tebda « tettxes-it » umi ttuɣa ɣer-s 18 n iseggusa. Amec i tenna nettat.
Emin tettwassen deg umaḍal amen yekmel s lexdayem-nnes n urekkeb, min xef ssiwlen aṭṭas n midden di lqern i yeɛdun, ameknaw talwiḥt n « qama-inu » min xef d-unuḍen ibuntwen n igarruten d tzeyyatin n ubudka. Talwiḥt « n mkul n ijjen ṭṭseɣ akid-s » i x-as ittwarin ca 102 n yiwdan x lkettan.
Tettwassen Emin ɛawed s tmexsa-nnes i imezran, d ssaraḥa-nnes la min iqqnen ɣer tudert-nnes d tudert n wegdud amen ikmel. Nettat teqqar « Nec mmaleɣ-dd tidet mamec tella ». Maca tudert-nnes imsar-as aṭṭas n ubeddel. Lux tsxeddam tanewcayt-nnes (talent) deg warssem maḥend ad teggenfa zeg ijjen lehlak d aɛeffan.
Tenna deg uprugram n « News night » ila nettat tehlek s uxenzir, maca iggur ad tedder tudert-nnes d nettat d tameɛḍurt. Tenna ɛawed « wer wwiḍeɣ ad ssneɣ anict i ttexseɣ tudert anict i ttuɣa ggur ad mmteɣ alaḥal ». Ajurnal n « the Guardian » ttuɣa ifser afuṭu-nnes d nettat teẓẓel di Spiṭar awerni u uparasyu-nnes.
Lexdayem-nnes n tẓuri, dag-sen aṭṭas n twacitin imsebḍan, ula kṭer tinni i tersem d nettat ila tehlek. Ameknaw lxedmet n « nec i yeqqimen d tameggarut zzay-i » (2019), d « ha aqqa-ayi usiɣ-dd » (2018). Temmal-dd dag-sen udmawen n uxeyyeq d tiqesst d iwezwizen i nettwala di tseqqaḍ (les corps) tiɛeryanin tiweḥdanyin.
Tarewla ɣer ddmani
Aṭṭas n inaẓuren d imariten ttwalan ila qa din ij n ugenfi i tweḥdaniyt. Tazlawit Tamarikanit Maya Angelo teqqar ila nettat tettettu taweḥdanit s tmuziqt, trenni teqqar : « Ggureɣ di tbeḥḥar jer llɣawat, tterriɣ-dd s weɛrur i tweḥdanit ». Maca llan ca zzag-sen ttrakk°alen ɣer ugama, xminni tili tteggen ticli niɣ fettḥen deg igelmamen d temdiwin.
Amari Martin Shaw yufa belli taweḥdanit di leɛwin ɣer-s lfaydet-nnes. Shaw ittawi akid-s midden ɣer ddmani n Dartmoor di lkampu Aneglizi, niɣ di ca n imkuan iṭṭurfiyen, mani ttemsebḍan din, kul ijjen itteṭṭef abrid-nnes, lemmden ad qqnen ixef-nnsen aked ugama, ad t-qqnen ula aked ixef-nnsen. Shaw i yettwalan ila bnadem izemmer ad iɛawed iggwa i tḥuja n zic maḥend ad d-asent aked min nettɛic yiḍ-a.
Andrea Wigfield i yellan zi tesdawit n Sheffield, iqqar aqqa nzemmer a neggenfa zi tweḥdanit mala negga ij n wemsawaḍ d amaynu aked inniḍen. Tirezzutin i yettegg di tesdawit ttbeddant x tẓuriwin (arts). Ameknaw lxedmet i yegga i ibedden x twiz jar lejdud d wayyawen x ca n isenfaren n tẓuri x internet. Manaya izemmer ad iɛawen midden ḥuma ad msawaḍen jer-asen.
Ijjen tmarat nneḍni qqaren-as Olivia Laing zegga temsebḍa aked umeddukel-nnes d netttat aqqa-t deg iseggusa n tlatin, da di lweqt-a ttuɣa taweḥdanit tettqessas ul-nnes. Ttuɣa tura ij n udlis immenz-as s waṭṭas x mamec izemmer bnadem ad yedder weḥḥed-s. Adlis-nnes issiwel x tebridin I zi ttuɣa ssawalen inaẓuren x twacitin n tweḥdanit.
Teydar-d Laing ila umi tessreɣ tifawin x telwiḥin n Hopper, d min dag-sent d twacitin n ubeṭṭu d ifuray d wekraf n unhezzi d tigg°di zi min dd-ittasen, iɛawen-itt ḥuma ad teffeɣ la d nettat zi twacitin-nnes tiɛeffanin. Tenna “Ufiɣ ij n bnadem nniḍen izemmer ad imsurruf aked tweḥdanit, yufa ijjen uɣezdis ifawen zzag-s, yuca s watig-nnes”.
Γer ɛawed: Asenflul deg wakud n ubelleɛ i tegga Kuruna


text:
Tura‑t Fatiḥa Ɛisawi
Deg ij n wass mkul asegg°as ittas-dd ij n wargaz qqaren-as « bacix » ɣer ca n teqbilt zi tqebbal n Arrif, argaz-a wer t-yessin ḥedd yirreḍ tahidurt n ikarri niɣ n leenzi islessaq akid‑s accawen-nnes, ittegg amezgun, Ttmunen xaf‑s iḥenjiren imeẓyanen d yenni ymeɣren, iggur isqerqub x tudrin ḍeffaren‑t awarn-as ceṭṭḥen, ttiraren akid‑s, ttɣennjen-as :
Bacix yexs lqeddid
Rebbi yekkes‑as-dd ayeddid
Bacix yexs ad isu
Rebbi iksas-dd asersu
Leewayd‑a wer qqiment ca di Arrif, qqaren ca n imarezzuten d Irifiyyen belli tnamit‑a n bacix temmut di arrif aked unaggaru n 70. Maca nettaf ead sfuglan zeg‑s Imaziɣen di ca n tneddam‑nneɣni di Lmeɣrib tsemman‑tt » bujellud » mkul leid ameqqran, xmi yirrḍen iḥudriyyen d tḥudriyyin tahidurt d waccawen n ikarri niɣ n leenzi .. xezzren man wen ɣa yeksin isem n « bujellud » mkul aseggʷas.
Imarezzuten terran tnamit-a n Imaziɣen ɣer imezwura i ttuɣa ittamnen s wakucen « tanit d wamun »,
Tanit d takuctt n tayri d tarwa d ujenna. yenna herodot » tanit ttuɣa tyirreḍ ddreɛ i ittwaggen s thiḍurt n leenzi xmmi tetteffeɣ deg umquṭṭes (ad tegg lḥeb) », yeqqar eawed « timɣarin timaziɣin n libya ttuɣa tteksent cear i thidurt n leenzi yirḍen‑t.
Amun ittwassen s waccawen d uzellif n ikarri, mamk nssen ikarri ɣer Imaziɣen ɣer-s ccan yemɣar, netta d amatar n tarwa d uɣemmuy d tezmart (leqsuḥeyyet).
Mamek nettaf yenna Èmile laoust » bujellud wer yelli d taqessart waha, ulid d taḍeḥḥakt waha, bujellud netta zi leewayd n Imaziɣen umi ttuɣa ttamnen s wamun akuc n ukarri ».


text:
Le Rifain
Lxuḍert d jahennama, wer yelli wi ɣer-s ɣa iqerrben. D wa d awal i qqaren yemsewwqen di Nnaḍur d tneddam nniḍen deg wussan-a, awarn i umi yemmerni ttaman n lxuḍert.
Ṭṭumeɛṭic tegga ɛecrin duru, llaymun yiweḍ al settin duru i kilu, baṭaṭa ɛecra duru, ma aḍil d lbanan d tteffaḥ, manayenni wer x-as bu wawal. Di lweqt n zzeyyar i tegga kuruna x ipubriten, aṭṭas i ibedden x lxedmet, aṭṭas i xef tenqes lxedmet, aṭṭas n ipubriten ufin ixf-nsen arendad i tmessi n ttaman, d tmessi n ca wer yelli!.
Aṭṭas i itterran liɣla-ya ɣer lazaɣ d wenẓar i wer yewtin, maca dinni ɛawed wi yeqqaren belli d isemsaren di leswaq n jjemlet i yessiɣellan x ipubriten, minzi wer yelli wi ten-ɣa iraqben.
Mecḥal ma ketren isemsaren jer ufellaḥ d ssuq, tettaweḍ lxuḍert ɣer wenni i tt-yessaɣen s ttaman d jahennama. S uya, ittxessa uraqeb n manaya, bac ad terxes lxuḍert x ipubriten.


text:
Ass n ugerrum Valentin
Ass n ugerrum Valentin neɣ Ass n tayri d asfugel akrityan sfuggulen-t deg wass n 14 fuṛaṛ s unect (ɛla ḥsab) tmezdayt tutrimt neɣ deg wass n 6 yulyu s unect n tmezdayt tasemrant, anda sfuggulen s usmekti n ugerrum Valentin yakk d tayri d twernant, anda irmerriyen ssenfaliyen-d s tayri yellan gar-asen s tuzna n tebratin neɣ n ijeǧǧigen.
Tafaska n Mass Valentin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
"Di tazwara n wesɣan akrityan, dɣa ur-id (werɛad) ur uɣalent tmura n Uruppa d tikritiyin yakk, Amenkad Claudius II ur nra ara (ur nḥemmel ara) ikritiyen rnu yebɣa ad yegdel arcal i wakken akken ad ugten yirgazen ara yettekkin deg yimsenɣiyen, yesla s wayen ixeddem ugerrum Valentin imi ireccel (yessezwaǧ) ikritiyen. Dɣa yefka-d aɣtas ad tegren ɣer weɣzu (lḥebs).
Deg weɣzu, Valentin yugi ad as-yanez i Umenkad Claudius II. Dinna yemlal d yelli-s n umagaẓ (uɛessas) n weɣz «Julia» i d-ilulen d taderɣalt. Seg wass mi i yekcem ɣer weɣzu, Valentin d Julia uɣalen d imddukal n wul d tasa. Netta igellem-as-d amaḍal d tudert amek i han, imi nettat ur tsekked ara, ma nettat tettawi-yas-id učči ɣer weɣzu. Akken armi d yiwen n yiḍ. Iḍ-nni teḍra-d temkerra: Qqaren-d Valentin iwala tafat d tazeggaɣt am yilizeq seg ṭṭaq n weɣzu, ma d Julya yuɣalen tettwali, tessuɣ: " Dayen, tura ttwaliɣ ! Ttwaliɣ amaḍal akken i yi-t-id tgellmeḍ!!".
"Ihi taluft tewweḍ s ameẓẓuɣ n Umenkad umi ur yugeẓ ara waya (ur yeɛǧib ara lḥal). Imir-nni ya yefka-d aɣtas ad t-nɣen. Ass-nni aneggaru n tudert-is, send macad t-nɣan isebdaden iṛumanen, sgezwen agerbuz-is (Valentin) s tiyitiwin, taggara gezmen-as aqeṛṛu-ines deg ubrid n Flaminia, deg wass n 14 fuṛaṛ 269.
"Seg wass-nni, tuɣal twacult n Julya d takritit akken ad refden ixf n Valentin deg tmulla. Qqaren-d diɣen teẓẓa Julya aseklu n isiɣid ɣer tama n uẓekka n Valentin. Seg yimir. tuɣal useklu yisiɣid d azamul n tayri.


text:
Ayen nugad yeḍra-d, Kenza Sadat, tilemẓit n 17 n iseggasen, yettwakren deg yeɣrem n Iɛezzugen deg ass n umenzu n Fuṛar yezrin, ufan-tt ass-a n letnayen 15 Fuṛar deg teẓgi n Iɛekkure, ɣef leḥsab n isallen i ɣ-d-yewḍen.
Ar tura xas ulamma tamettant n Kenza d tin i d -yettwawekden maca ulac isallen ɣef wacu yeḍran yid-es, d wacu tedder tlemzit-a send ad tt-teffeɣ terwiḥt, asmekti kan Kenza n taddert n Tmasit ( Aɣrib) n lɛerc n At Jennad, ad wen-ɛeggen ugar n isallen, ticki kan ara d-awḍen ar ɣer-neɣ.


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Aḥmad Badduj
Aḥmad Badduj (1950 - 22 Ɣuct 2020) iga yan zɣ inmɣuṛn n taẓuṛi taclḥit tamaziɣt, ilul ɣ useggas n 1950 ɣ Msgina igan yan udwar n Ifrxs itabɛan i Ugadir, tasga n Sus Masst. Dars uggar n 30 film s tutlayt taclḥit.
Tudrt-nns[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Aḥmad Badduj iga yuws n Talburjt ɣ Ugadir. Iswurri ɣ kigan n twuriwin lli ɣ d yumẓ lbac nns, ilɛb akk d iɛrrimn n Talḥasant n ugadir ɣ usggwas n 1967.
Ɣ usggwas n 1972 ifta s Inzggan, ɣin aɣ iskr trabbut nns tamzwarut n lmṣraḥ s tmaziɣt iga yas s yism "Amnar Umrr". Izri nn ɣ tuggt n trubba yaḍni aylliɣ ikcm d tamsmunt n Tifawin ɣ isggwas n 1985, zɣ lliɣ disn ikcm as ibda ar ittuyssan ɣ ammas n ubaraz n tẓuri d lmaṣraḥ amaziɣ.
Ɣ usggwas n 1989 icark ɣ ṭṭṣwir n lfilm lli akk izwarn s tutlayt taclḥit d akk tutlayin timaziɣin at igan "Tamɣart n wurɣ". Zɣ ɣ-akud-ann icark ɣ kigan n laflam yaḍni iskr akk ntta talif d lixraj.
Immut igllin n Aḥmad Badduj s tmaḍunt n Kurunafirus ɣ wass n 20 ɣuct 2020 ɣ Ugadir. Ikka-tt-inn yad ihrc s sskar d wul
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Lmut nns[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ur ta ilkinn uneɣmis n wis yudf igllin n unaẓuṛ Aḥmad Badduj ajajuy ffir n yat tulɣizt tadusant alley ilullk udul nns. Yudj ɣ yan uzmz agermim, ɣ ur ifri udimal n umaḍal .Ssirdn imṭṭawn ul nns zeg umnus Izrey aɣiluf ɣ icba n imalgn, n igurad, n imddukkal d ismunn n tẓuṛi d isffarahn s umata. Ilsa tallara aha iney tazujra ffir n kigan n twuriwin n usuny d userlel (proposé pour la mise en scène de «isers» et «alil» s wukus n «s» itteyalsn i usefsis n tawalt) ɣ tmezgunt d uɣraw uẓeṛmussu zeg «iẓṛa» d «umussu».[1]
Idda ɣ yan uzmz nna gis ittugᵚdl ubeḥlus s umentil n ufrurt n ubayyur n Kufid-19, aha ur illi xas amduny s usttum. Mac iddeɣ iga udm adugman hatin ar itteɣima idder ɣ tungint n iwdann nna t issenn. Udm nns iga wi-n umxeṛfef d umԑafar d tassasin n uzlaḍ ɣ igma d unezwum n tẓuṛi n usuny nna s immuqqn. Udm nns ila tifiras izzedrazn tasuta ikkan asala nns. Iffeɣ akal , yaḍu s wakal. Iffeɣ tasddagamt nna gis ifka, iskulleԑ ɣ ignna n tẓuṛi , iggez akal. Ikka tin iman d yan usmun ɣ tihirit n umggaru-ad taf ad immegnt ɣ yat tfagla n usnnumku nns. Kud aḍun ttuẓwan s utwar n tgerwawt aha ifra i usmun nns ma s issilɣ tihirit nns meqqaṛ idrus uy-nna as ittufkan ɣ ulssi. Ay-a iga tamatart n usfeṣkey d ufelsy (le dévouement) n igllin. Ar urttuɣ ad issednɣ umeɣnanu tawja nns tameẓẓyant d tameqṛant aha ifek as afurgt, ad t yadn s tamlla nns, isseɣlel t ɣ umaglal nns anmmazzu. Nga wi-n umeɣnanu ar sars nettuɣul. Walu may d inna ḥtta yan dat urttum nns abla ad issidn.
Isaɣuln[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- ↑ Tamttant n Ahmed Badduj :https://www.amazighnews.net/202008261235/aggaj-uglil.html


text:
Agelmam n Martcika niɣ amek ittwasemma ɣer Imezdaɣ n Nnaḍur s “lebḥer ameẓẓyan” i yella Ispunya ksin isem-a rrin-t ɣer Tespanyut “Mar chica”, mamec nettaf ismawen-nniḍen i yeksin ugelmam-a ameknaw “ssebxet n Buɛerg”.
Yus-d ugelmam-a zzat i temdint n Nnaḍur; d acettiḍ n tmurt i t-ibeṭṭan x lebḥer n umiditirani, ibedda-d zeg Warekman, ittakk°aḍ ar Buqana (Ayt Nsar).
Tnayen n tqebbal i d-ittsejjan x ugelmam-a (Iqelɛiyen d Ikebdanen) tɛawaden ijjen tḥajit n mamec ittwagg ugelmam, al ami yella. Ijjen ameknaw Nureddin Cawqi, itterran taynit i umezruy n wemkan-a, iqqar belli “aqqa din ijjen tḥajit ittɛawaden iwessura n Iqelɛiyen d Ikebdanen i iqqaren belli ssebxet n Buɛerg ttuɣa wer telli deg wemkan-nnes yiḍ-a, maca ttuɣa-tt deg ijjen uraq-nniḍen wer igg°ij ca, amkan-a ila yella d ca n tmura n leɛrasi d tfellaḥt”.
Yerni Cawqi inna deg wawal-nnes i jjurnal n “Bannasa” belli tḥajit-a teqqar ɛawed “acettiḍ-nni ibeṭṭan yiḍ-a aman n ugelmam n lebḥer ameẓẓyan (Martcika) aked waman n umiditirani, ttuɣa-t d abrid i itteqnen Ikebdanen s Mlilet, ggin-tt Ikebdanen d abrid ihwen, maḥend ad awḍen deɣya ɣer temdint mani ttkunen Ispuniya.”
Iḍfar iqqar belli tḥajit tettɛawad belli “deg ijjen wass mani ttuɣa iccat wenẓar mseqqem, ffyen-d waman n umiditirani x uzɣar n Buɛerg d ifutas n Ikebdanen, ula d ifutas n Iqelɛiyen, maca ɛdan iseggusa x uyenni, idwel lebḥer ɣer wemkan-nnes, maca ijja awern-as ijjen ucettiḍ n tmurt ibeṭṭan jar tnayen-a n lebḥurat, yejj-d ijjen ugelmam ittwassnen s yismawen-a msebḍan…”
Inna Cawqi belli isem n “lebḥer ameẓẓyan” d wenni ittwassnen d amezwaru ɣer imezdaɣ, zi senni smuttyen-t Ispunya ɣer Marchica. Irni issiwel-d “wami dewlen waman-nnes neqsen, tedwel d ijjen uberyuḍ, ttuɣa imezdaɣ i das-yudsen ttekksen-d zzag-s tisent, znuzan-tt i tqebbal-nniḍen.”
“Wer ɛdin ca n iseggusa ɛawed x tmeslayt tamezwarut, al ami d-yeɛqeb waffay-nni n waman i kid-s iwwin aṭṭas n ledcur, tenɣa merra iwdan […] ddegg-a n tmeslayt tteɛqalen-t midden s uwenni n “al ami fesyen waman.”
Cawqi inna belli tiḥuja-nni walli ttasent-id amenni waha, waxxa wer ttwazemmemnt, x manaya din tnayen n yiwdan i d-iksin tḥajit-a ssiwlen x-as, amezwaru-nnsen iydar-it-id Auguste Mouliéras, ittwazzmemn deg udlis n “Lmuɣrib i wer ittwassnen – azgen amezwaru, twafit n Arrif 1894/1872”, i d-issuɣel Ɛezzdin Lxeṭṭabi ɣer Teɛrabt. Yus-d deg udlis-a “Nitni (zeɛma iwessura n Iqelɛiyen) ttɛawaden belli di zzman i yeɛdan, lebḥer ttuɣa yedla merra izeɣran, zi senni dewlen waman ar igmiren n Mlilet, yejja awern-as timura ccurent s tmellaḥt ar imiḍer n Wedrar n Ayt Ciker.
“Ittwagg ijjen uḥfur, netta d agelmam n Buɛerg ittwasemman s lebḥer n Imeẓẓujen niɣ ssebxet n Buɣemrun”, “Di zzman-ni ila din din ijjen uceṭṭiḍ n tmurt ibeṭṭan agelmam aked lebḥer, zedɣen-t xirebbi n twacunin la s tqiḍan la s tudrin, al ami ggin din ijjen ddcar d ameqqran, merra ttuɣa xeddmen di tmellaḥt znuzant i tqebbal n Arrif, amek tteggen aked iselman, maca deg ijjen llilet i di ttuɣa assam d wajjaj d tḥaryaḍin, udfent-id ca n tesfay acettiḍ-nni, weyyen waman merra mayen ufin zzat-sen d tudrin d irgazen d temɣarin d iḥenjiren d wulli, ammu ɣerqen tlata n ledcur, acettiḍ-nni iweḍḍer tnayen iseggusa adu waman, awerni tnayen ma tlata n iseggusa iban-d ucettiḍ-nni zegga dewlan waman ɣer deffer.
Tḥajit tis tnayen, tus-d tzemmem deg udlis n Rafael fernández de castro y pedrera umi igga isem n “El Rif- territorios de Galaia y Quebdana” yeqqar netta “deg useggas n 1887, tessuḍ-d ijjen tḥeryaḍt d tacerqit di tarya n Restinga, udfen waman lebḥer ameẓẓyan, deg ijjen llilet, sseffyen-d waman x luluf n ihiktaren”.
Irni inna “teqqar tḥajit n imezdaɣ i ila izeddɣen Mlilet di zzman-nni… aṭṭas n midden i yemmuten mani aman dlin x ijjen ddcar d ameqqran, zeddɣen dag-s inni ixeddmen tamellaḥt, zi senni d tḥaryaḍin ttsuḍent-id kul twalat… Agelmam-nni iqqim amenni zeg useggas n 1906 wer zzag-s uẓiɣen waman-nnes”.
artikel-a immeksi-d zeg usit n Banassa


text:
Tutlayt Tajapunit
Tajapunit (日本語 nihongo, (ssfld as)) tga yat tutlayt tasyanit n lqblt. Ar sis sawaln 125 n umlyun n middn, ɣ Japun zwar, tamazirt nna ɣ tga tutlayt tanamurt. Tkcm ɣ twja n tutlayin tijapuniyin-tiryukiyin, d ur nssin mad tucka i tutlayin ann yaḍn. Illa mad isman tutlayin tijapuniyin d tutlayt n Aynu, niɣd tutlayt takuriyt, niɣd tutlayt talṭayit, macc ḥtta yat ɣ tannayin ad ur ttawqbal ɣ dar imusnawn.
Tajapunit ur d tucki ɣ tutlayt tacinwit, waxxa ar ttyara s iskkiln nns.[1] Yan ugḍam mqqurn n umawal ajapuni yucka d ɣ tcinwit. Ar ttyara ula s iskkiln yaḍnin ur gin icinwiyn: ism nnsn Hiragana d Katakana.
Amzruy[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Aylli ittussan f tjapunit n uzmz aqbur idrus acku ur ta tkcim tirra s Japun zɣ Cinwa.
Tajapunit taqburt nttat ad igan tikli akk iqburn ittussann n tutlayt ad. Azuzzr n ddin n tbudit nttan ad yiwin angraw n tirra acinwi s Japun. Iḍṛiṣn akk iqburn ɣ Japun ttyuran s tcinwit taklasikit, maca iẓḍaṛ ad ttuɣrn s tjapunit s tɣarast n kanbun. Kra n iḍṛiṣn ad gisn laṭṛ n tjṛṛumt tajapunit, zund anmala n tguriwin (amyag dat n uskkin).
Tajapunit n tuẓẓumt (1185-1573) tbḍa f sin: tin uzmz n Kamakura, d tin uzmz n Murumaci. Azmz n Kamakura (1185-1333) ittussan s samuray d tafyudalit. Azmz ad badln gis imslitn: /au/ infl s /ɔː/, d imsli /p/ ikcm zɣ Cinwa.
Tirra[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Amzruy[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tirra tkcm s Japun s talɣa n ungraw n tirra acinwi, zɣ tmazirt n Bakji dat n tasut tiss 5. Lliɣ txla Bakji tɣra Japun i imusnawn n Cinwa bac ad lmdn uggar f ungraw n tirra acinwi. Imusnawn ad zzuzzrn iskkiln icinwiyn ɣ Japun zɣ tasur tiss 7 ar tasut tiss 8.
Ar tssmras tutlayt tajapunit sin ingrawn n tirra:
- Ikanjitn
- Ikanatn (gis Hiragana d Katakana)
Iẓḍar yan ad isnfl ikanatn s kra n tmatarin mẓẓinin bac ad fkn imslitn yaḍnin. Llant snat tmatarin: dakutin (゛) d handakutin (゜). S umdya:
Dakutin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- か + dakutin = が ga
- さ sa → ざ za
- た ta → だ da
- は ha → ば ba
Handakutin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- は ha + handakutin = ぱ pa.
Kana (s hiragana d katakana)[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Amawal[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
llan kraḍ iɣbula mqqurnin n umawal ɣ tutlayt tajapunit, yamaṭu kuṭuba (大和言葉) nɣ d wagu (和語), kangu (漢語), d gayraygu (外来語).
Asidf n umawal nna d yuckan ɣ tutlayin n Urupa, gayraygu, ibda d urṭṭal zɣ tabṛṭqqizt ɣ tasut tiss 16. Dffir, ibda uṛṭṭal zɣ thulanḍiyt (ar as ttinin s tjapunit: rangaku, 蘭学) ɣ uzmz n Iḍo. Lliɣ tnnurẓm Japun ɣ uzmz n Miji ɣ tasut tiss 19 ibda uṛṭṭal zɣ tutlayin ad: talimant, tafṛansist d tanglizt. Ɣilad tutlayt tanglizt ad igan aɣbalu izwarn nna yakkan tiguriwin i tutlayt tajapunit.
Tinml[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tisdawiyin timqranin ɣ umaḍal as ssaqrant tutlayt tajapunit. Ula kra n tinmal n imẓyanen ar ssaqrant tutlayt ad. Ɣayad ibadl bahra f uzmz dat n uqryan amaḍlan wiss sin, lliɣ ɣar 65 n umirikni issn i ad yara d ad yaqqra d ad irms tutlayt ad.[2]
Isaɣuln[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- ↑ Deal, William E. (2005). Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan. Infobase Publishing. p. 242.
- ↑ Sotomayor, Denzel Washington, GE CEO Speak to Graduates.


text:
2022
2022 d aseggas wis 22 deg lqern wis 21, d aseggas wis 3 deg umrawseggas 2020 - 2029.
Aseggas agraɣlan[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tiswasin-nniḍen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Aseggas 2022 deg Teswast tagrigurit, iwulem i useggas n :
- 2972 deg taswast tamaziɣt[2].
- 1443 / 1444 deg taswast tineslemt[3].
Ineḍruyen n 2022[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Yennayer[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- 5 yennayer : Amezyan Brahimi (Mohamed Hilmi) yemmut.
Furar[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Meɣres[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Yebrir[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- 10 yebrir : Tefranin n tselwit n Fransa (nnuba tamezwarut).
- 24 yebrir : Tefranin n tselwit n Fransa (nnuba tis snat).
Mayyu[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- 9 mayyu : Tefranin n tselwit n Filippin.
- 29 mayyu : Tefranin n tselwit n Kulumbya (nnuba tamezwarut).
Yunyu[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- 19 yunyu : Tefranin n tselwit n Kulumbya (nnuba tis snat).
- 25 yunyu-30 yunyu : Uraren n ugrakal deg Wehran.
Yulyu[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Times deg teẓgi deg Tafriqt Ugafa d Turuft.
- 1 yulyu-6 yulyu : Uraren n ugrakal deg Wehran.
- 18 yulyu : Tefranin n tselwit n Lhend.
Ɣuct[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Times deg teẓgi deg Tafriqt Ugafa d Turuft.
Ctember[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- 8 ctember : Elizabeth II tagellidt n Tagelda Yedduklen temmut.
Tuber[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- 2 tuber : Tefranin n tselwit n Busnya ed Hirziguvina.
- 2 tuber : Tefranin n tselwit n Brazil (nnuba tamezwarut).
- 9 tuber : Tefranin n tselwit n Tutrict.
- 13 tuber : Tefranin n tselwit n Ɛiraq.
- 23 tuber : Tefranin n tselwit n Sluvinya (nnuba tamezwarut).
- 30 tuber : Tefranin n tselwit n Brazil (nnuba tis snat).
Wamber[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- 13 wamber : Tefranin n tselwit n Sluvinya (nnuba tis snat).
- 20 wamber : Tefranin n tselwit n Ginya Tasebgast.
- 21 wamber-30 wamber : Taẓrigt wis 22 n Teqbuct Umaḍal n ddabex uḍar deg Qaṭar.
Dujamber[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- 1 dujamber-18 dujamber : Taẓrigt wis 22 n Teqbuct Umaḍal n ddabex uḍar deg Qaṭar.
Tizmilin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ Tuddsa n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen, Année internationale du verre, 2021,(taɣuṛi [pdf]).
- ↑ YENNAYER – NOUVEL AN AMAZIGH, deg espacemagh.be.
- ↑ Convertisseur / Temps / Calendrier, deg patricklecoq.fr.


text:
Tidukliwin yekkaten ɣef tutlayt n tmaziɣt heggan-d ahil d amarkanti ɣef ayen yerzan aselmed n tmaziɣt deg iɣerbazen. Imeɣnasen n tmaziɣt deg Tigzirin Tikanariyin gezment di rray akken ad slemden tulayt n Masinisa deg uɣerbaz amezwaru alarmi d tusanwit.
c.w.
Tutlayt n tmaziɣt sɣurayen-t deg Tigzirin Tikanariyin
Tidukliwin yekkaten ɣef tutlayt n tmaziɣt heggan-d ahil d amarkanti ɣef ayen yerzan aselmed n tmaziɣt deg iɣerbazen. Imeɣnasen n tmaziɣt deg Tigzirin Tikanariyin gezment di rray akken ad slemden tulayt n Masinisa deg uɣerbaz amezwaru alarmi d tusanwit.


text:
Iggur ad yili di min dd-ittasen ijjen wegraw d ameqqran ad tegg tamesmunt n Garabide aked twiza n tmesmunt n Abrid i tgumi d twiza ussan n 07, 08 d 09 zi kṭuber deg wazzareg n Miramar di Biyya, amsagar-a ad dag-s swizan aṭṭas n imussnawen n yiles zi Arrif d tmurt n Bask mani i ɣa-yemsar wawal x usedder n Tmaziɣt n Arrif d tmeslayin-nniḍen i yeqqnen ɣer usexdem-nnes la deg wawal la di tira.
Amsagar-a ad dag-s cerken imussnawen n yiles am massa Mena B. Lafkioui, Mohand Tilmatine, Jon Sarasua Maritxalar, Mustapha El Adek d waṭṭas n imrezzuten-nneḍni deg yiger n tmaziɣt n Arrif.
wanita d awal n inni ɣa-yeggen amsagar-a:
—
Asedder n yiles n Trifiyt: tifawin x min ittwaggen d min ixessen.
Lḥusima, 07, 08 d 09 kṭuber 2022.
Waxxa ttwaggen ca n isuraf d isebḥanen di min iqqnen ɣer wenɛam s yiles n Tmaziɣt, am umi tedwel Tmaziɣt d yiles amaddud n udustur zi 2011, d wami yettwagg usinag ageldan n tussna tamaziɣt (IRCAM), xelli amenni ttɣiman yelsawen-a ɛad wer bdin lxedmet-nnsen am ijjen yiles « d anaway » aked usexdem-nnes deg yegran imadduden di tmurt-a i yellan deg yeẓẓlmeḍ n Tefrikt. Ɛad qa xezzren-dd ɣer-s s ijjen lxezrat d tafulkluriyt ɣer usentel-a.
Waxxa twaggit n IRCAM iwca ijjen lxezrat-nniḍen i usqsi n Tmaziɣt mani dewlent tutriwin n usedder n Tmaziɣt txeddem x-asent ddewla s ixef-nnes. S uya, yudef iles-a, asistim n uselmed asdawan Ameɣrabi, waxxa din ɛad aṭṭas n tɛenkraf, illa ula d imḍebbren neɛɛmen zzag-sent.
Aked manaya, nzemmer a nini ila din ijjen nnaqes d ameqqran di min iqqnen ɣer tɣuriwin x jjwayeh imsebḍan n Imaziɣen, nzemmer a nini ila ad yili Arrif d jjihet i di illa aṭṭas n nnaqes di min iqqnen ɣer tɣuriwin x yiles d tdelsa di tmurt. S manaya, nettwala Arrif d amessuki di min iqqnen ɣer lebni awadday, ar lux wer din bu ca n tesdawit di Arrif, mala nekkes tɣiwant n Nnaḍur i yettwaggen deg iseggusa imeggura iḍeffren i tesdawit n Muḥemmed Amezwaru n Wejda.
Zegga ttyarita, yeɣmi-dd ijjen ufaqqi s tnettit d yiles jar yimezdaɣ n Arrif. S manaya, nzemmer a nugur deg usedder n yiles, ula kṭer ɣer iḥudriyen. Aya n tɣuni i ten-iqqnen ɣer yiles-nnsen tettban-dd deg ufars adelsan i ɣa-yella ijjen lhimmet ittmerniyen kṭer ukṭer.
Aked uyenni, ufin imfarsen-a idelsanen ijjen wemxumbel d ameqqran zzat-sen : Minzi Tarifiyt ar lux d ijjen yiles i yebnan x wawal, s uyenni ittxess-a ad yili ijjen umutti ɣer ijjen yiles n tira, d min dd-ittasen awern-as d tgumi n ijjen ukurpus, asegged n tira, d uxezzar ɣer min ggin Imaziɣen-nniḍen di tmura-nnsen ula deg Uruppa, s uya i yeksi agraw-a ijjen lhimmet d tameqqrant.
Timxumbal n wegraw-a ttunuḍent x iseqsan : Mamec ɣa-negg a nessxdem ilsawen-nneɣ ? ɛawed almad s jjmaɛet maci d ca n ḥajet i wer nzemmer a negg, maca izemmer ad yadef di tdinamikiyin tilebdanin n lxedmet-nneɣ, d inhezziten-nneɣ i nettegg lebda i netteḥsab « nurmal » ixess ad as-wcen tudert i yiles-nneɣ, mamec ɣer-neɣ tizemmar i zi ɣa-nessen tiɛenkraf ittbeddant deg wudem n yelsawen-nneɣ, a necrek ttajarib-nneɣ, a nelmed zeg wayawya s ijjen tebridt i yebnan x wecrak d welmad n jjmaɛet.
Awettas ixess wer ittɣimi ca di min iqqnen ɣer tussna taṭyurit, maca ɣer welmad, acrak n lxedmet n jjmaɛet, i ɣa-yilin d tibridin i zi ɣa-pratikan maḥend ad bnan isenfaren i ɣa-izemmren ad awin ɣer ijjen lḥal n yiles, ittif wa di nettɛic.


text:
Tawacult n BOUDAOUI ittidiren di KANADA, imsulta n tɣiwant-a akked teslwayet n tɣiwant d wid ara ybedden ass-a deg wemkan anda tettwanɣa MERIEM i wakken deg tazwara ad illin ɣer tama n twacult-is u ad beggnen lɣiḍ-nsen ɣef wayen yḍran i yelli-t-nsen, tis snat ad suɣen s laɛyaḍ mgal war-laman i d yellan deg tɣremt-a, u ad sutren tudert n talwit deg tmurt-nsen sumata
I wesmekti kan massa MERIEM BOUDAOUI ad fell-as yeɛfu yillu d tin yunagen iḍeli ɣer Paris send akkin deg ass n tlata 16 di furar ad awweḍ ɣer tmurt taqbaylit (sedduq) anda ara tettwamḍel sdat n lejdud-is


text:
Juṛj Uṛwil
Irik Artuṛ Bliṛ s tutlayt tanglizit : « eric arthur blair » wad a igan assaɣ nns n tiddt. « juṛj uṛwil » s tutlayt tanglizit : « george orwell » lli igan assaɣ nns ɣ ubaraz n tskla, lli s ittawssan ( sg 25 yunyu 1903 ar 21 innayr 1950), iga anɣmas ig awd amara abṛiṭani n tskla d warratn n tɣnsa d tridarin tanimanin d ssinaṛyu, ig ula afrnan n tskla. iswuri iga anmhal n inaflusn, ig aslmad, d umazan asrdas, d umzznz n idlisn.
Tawwuri nns ttawssan s mas tga tanafawt s uflls iggutn, ifls wul nns s tanamunt tadimuqṛatit, ur iḥml anbaḍ anamun, isawl f irkkʷidn lli imunn d tnbaḍin timsdurrutin timdnakin, d gar imyagn lli salant ɣ izrfan n imadann.
Ilul umara nnɣ g 25 yunyu 1903, g mutihari ɣ tsga n bihaṛ tahindit, ɣ yat tawja illan g tsskkʷflt tamṛwaṣut. iɣr g tsdawit n « iṭun » d tsdawit n « ulingṭun »
Yuḍn umara nnɣ amqran s tmaḍunt n ssull iga ukan sul aɛrrim, immt g usggʷas n 1950, ili g uwtay nns tizi ann kumraw d ṣḍiṣ n usggʷas , ittawmḍal g tɣrmt n uksfuṛd cir.
Idlisn nns[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Yura kigan n twuriwin lli bahra ittawssan :
-« distubi » lli igan ungal iffɣ d ɣ 1984 lli yad lli yura g 1949.
-d ungal nns « uẓu n imudar » ɣ usggʷas n 1945.
-d « ussan ibuṛmiyn » lli zɣ usiɣ tullist ad.
-d tullist « amnɣu n ilw », yan ugzzum idrusn zɣ tskla nns lli yura.
yara kigan n twuriwin yaḍn lli igan tin tsrtit d tussna d tɣnsa…
- Msmun awal n SGSM : Msmun awal amatay asnmalay n tmaziɣt (MMSM)


text:
Aá¹á¹as n tÉ£uriwin i ixedmen x lḥal n temÉ£art deg wagduden n ImaziÉ£en iqdimen, ssiwlent [zeÉma tiÉ£uriwin-a] x ij n ufuá¹u ibberken n waddad mamec i ttuÉ£a tettedder. Manaya, ittÉeqqab amek yeqqar âBourdieu- É£er ijjen macina d taqemqamt tettḥuza ixef-nnes aked uÉ£ezdis n iwtman d irgazen. Aya ibedd x « ubeá¹á¹u n lxedmet i yebnan x llsas n wanaw (genre). Irgazen aqqa-yen deg yiger n tfellaḥt d tmeyra d imenÉ£an, d temÉ£arin ttekksent zzitun, zeddment ikeccuá¸en, ; aked manaya azzareg ameqqran aqqa-t jer ifassen n yirgazen maca timÉ£arin di tudrin waha ».
TamÉ£art Tarifit⦠Aá¹á¹as n lexdayem, drus n tlelli !
David Montgomery Hart wer yiriḥ ca igg°ej x manaya, netta yettwala ila tamÉ£art TamaziÉ£t tessgam iḥenjiren d lwacun, tessujjad macca. Txeddem ccÉ£el di taddart, tgeffeá¸, mamec txeddem ula di tbeḥḥar tettÉawan argaz di tmeyra deg unebdu. Waxxa amenni, nettat wer É£er-s bu tilelli maḥend ad tenhezz ad traḥ ad táºer lwacun-nnes ad ten-tesnuju niÉ£ ad É£er-s yili lḥeqq ad teÉlem ca, ad tsewweq, ad tsafar niÉ£ ad texdem.
Ká¹er zi manaya ttuÉ£a din wi yettwlan ila tamÉ£art TamaziÉ£t d ijten tegga am « teÉ£yult ».NiÉ£ d « sselÉet ttsebbaben dag-s » niÉ£ « tayya i yiá¸es » niÉ£ d « ddabbet ttsexxaren x-as ». Ddegg-a n tikk°ra taberkant d manaya min xef ssiwlen deg umezruy n LmuÉ£rib, ssiwlen x-as aá¹á¹as n Itnugrafiyen i yixdmen x temÉ£art TamaziÉ£t.
TamÉ£art TamaziÉ£t d agla yeggur x yiá¸aren-nnes
Deg yiger n táºuri, di min iqqnen É£er uÉ£ennej d yezlan, merra inni irezzun qqaren belli tamÉ£art TamaziÉ£t d ijjen jjub d ameqqran n wagla. Tesmuttuy-it zi tasalt É£er tenniá¸en, d nettat i t-yejjin yedder ar lexxu Éad. Teqqar-d izlan tettÉawad tiḥuja, tessufuÉ£-d É£ir tcuni zeg uqemmum-nnes aked izlan weznen d tḥuja i yeccaten deg umezruy i yullÉ£en. Merra manaya itteffeÉ£-dd zeg wul maci minzi tettxes ad zzag-s tawi aÉ£rum, maca tessufuÉ£ dag-s tifeqqaÉ-nnes, tettaf dag-s isitam-nnes d min tettxes.
Biarnay yeqqar ila mamec mma tegga ca n tamÉ£art tzemmer ad terni « amedyaz » i dd-ittawin aleqquz n weÉ£rum-nnes zi leÉ£nuj. Ká¹er zi manaya d tameggarut-a i das-itticen iwalen d llÉ£awat. Nettat tamÉ£art tessufuÉ£-dd ca n lexdyam cnint, nettwala day-sent buḥbel n Arrif. Lexdayem-nnes tessawal dag-sent x tjiratin-nnes, x uḥuyyez-nnes i teÉcirin-nnes, bla ma ad yili ca n wegdud i yettfurujen. Maca tinni ig itteslan i yezlan-a ttÉawadent-ten deg wuraren d tmeÉ£riwin uca ddakk°alen izlan-nnes ttwassnen, xenni ttasen-d imedyazen leqqá¸en ddag-a n yezlan fessren-ten jer midden, di tqebbal d wuraren.
Zi leÉwayed i ttuÉ£a yellan di Arrif, deg umḥizwar ameqqran i ttuÉ£a yellan jer twetmin, ḥuma ad awá¸ent ad É£eyyzent izlan mliḥ. Nettaf ddegg-nni n tusmin i yettilint jar-asent deg wuraren d ssbuÉ. « Xmi ttasment teḥramin n ca n ddcar zi tenniá¸en, ttexsent ad tent-reniyen deg yiger n uÉ£ennej d ccá¸iḥ, tettas-d ijjen twessart zi tina, tettÉemmer aqemmum-nnes s tmellaḥt d zzit n zzitun, tessusuf x tmessi-nni i yerÉ£in di lwesá¹ n lemraḥ min xef sruÉ£ant tiḥudriyin allunen-nnsent, ammu ittnekker umseysi jer tebliÉ£in ». Tteggent tizemmar maḥend ad afent izlan ad qelÉent nnefs i llÉ£a, ar É£a awá¸ent tinni i yeḥá¸arent ad ferzent man tinni i irebḥent, uca ad ffÉ£ent tinni i yexsarent s ijjen taycit s tfeqqaÉ.
TamÉ£art TamaziÉ£t, tinamitin d leÉwayed ..
ddegg-a n Éada i yeqqnen É£er leÉ£nuj, min tettegg tamÉ£art-nni tawessart i yessusufen s tmellaḥt d zziyt x tmessi yeqqen É£er umḥizwar jer tiḥramin i yemsebá¸an. Nzemmer a nefhem ddegg-a n tmeslayt x tnayen n iswiren :
- Din wi itteqqnen tamɣart aked ugezzen, nzemmer a nini ila tamɣart tufa ixef-nnes wer tcerrec di tudert aked yirgazen, uca txes ad tedwel s umḥizwar n yezlan i yellan d ijjen marka n ubeddi aked ayt lwacun niɣ aked ayt ddcar.
- Ddegg-a n Éada É£er-s ijjen umezruy yulleÉ£ n ImaziÉ£en. Deg wakud mani ttuÉ£a izlan qqnen É£er ugezzen d uÉewwed. Mani ijjen lweqt ila iÉewwaden d igezzanen ila llan la d nitni d izlawiyen qqaren yizlan.
Ameknaw ddegg-a n Éada, ad t-naf deg yeffus d waá¹las s yisem n « Tmawact ». i yellan d ijjen táºuri « d amḥizwar jar iwtman d twetmin, ixess kul ijjen zzag-sen ad É£er-sen yili izlan i yeqqnen É£er tizzmin d twafitin d lemÉani ». Ttwassnent aá¹á¹as n temÉ£arin deg yiger-a, Éad tawengimt tetteffekkar-itent-i, ttÉ£ennajen midden s wawalen-nnsent d llÉ£awat-nnsent.
Mani É£a nessen ila tamÉ£art tettawi-itt-id deg yiger n yezlan deg wuraren. Xminni nettaf ila kul lwacun di Arrif itbbedda x ijjen temÉ£art zzag-sen ḥuma ad tini izlan, ad tehjem x tinneÉ£ni. Ad xasent tewwet lemÉani, mala ca n lwacun ufin belli wer É£er-sen bu ca n tḥenjirt É£a iggen ammu. Ttraḥen É£er ca n icten zi tjiratin-nnsen.
Waxxa ammenni, aá¹á¹as n temÉ£arin ila snuffurent ixef-nnsent. D manaya i yemsaren aked umrzu Ufrasnis René Euloge aked Mririda Nayt Ætiq, i das-iÉawden yezlan uca tweá¸á¸er wer ttissin ḥedd manis tekka. D tnaáºurt Farida Lḥusaymiya, i ttuÉ£a iwdan ttÉ£ennajen iÉ£ennijen-nnes maca ttuÉ£a la d ijjen ma issen min teÉna. Din wi iqqaren ila manaya minzi tamÉ£art tettekkes ixf-nnes tettic i jjmaÉet, maca din wi iqqaren aqqa manaya ittÉeqqab ila agdud AmaziÉ£ É£elben x-asen iwtman itteggen áºeyyar aá¹á¹as x temÉ£arin.
Amegraá¸-a yettwaksi-d zi tira n FuÉad Azerwal ittwafsaren di Nadorcity
Asuɣel : Andic


text:
Asmaa Aouattah
Tafaska ya d min ɣrs iqqnen ttggn tt g tmura n Tmazɣa. Smman tt tɛanṣart (din wi tt ittsmman tacɛɛalt niɣ crrḥ mllḥ). Ur nssin manis dd ikka wawal a, imkn ad yili d aɛrab niɣ d aɛibri, maca ntta iwta aẓwar ins gi tutlayt tamaziɣt. Aṭṭaṣ n inumak (lmɛani) i d as ittwawcn i tɛanṣart. Din wi tt ittrran ar umyi (mythe) niɣ ar ddin, din wi tt ittrran ar tudrt n iwdan izdɣn Tamazɣa d wagrakal (méditerranée).
Tiqbbal n Arrif n lkambu ɛad tddr ɣrsnt gi twngimt, ɛad ttbddan ɣrs xmi dd ittas wass ins, zgsnt taqbilt n Ibqquyn, mani ssqsiɣ. Din wi iqqarn qa tɛanṣart tus dd zi tnenni n lxuḍrt (tɛɛnṣr tazart= twwḍ). Ḥdd nnɣni iqqar qa ism a yusa dd zi Sara, ijjt n tmɣart d tudayt tɣdr lqum ins skmḍn tt. Kul asggwas tbddan ɣr twngimt ins. Tettɣima lɛada a d ijjtn zi tfaskiwin ittwaggn gi waṭṭaṣ n tmura n Tmazɣa, maci ɣir g Arrif. Ssnen tt marra aydudn n yilel agrakal zi zik n zik. Amya i dd wwint trzzutin d twngimin n ywdan.
Immi Tɛanṣart?
Tirzzutin i ittwaggn x tɛanṣart kssin tt idd d ijjt n tfaska tsskan tɣuni n yiwd amaziɣ ar tmurt d ugama (ṭṭabiɛa) d umṣawaḍjr asn. Tina d drust zi tɣuriwin min ɣr wwḍn imrzutn:
– Duti iqqar gi manaya « Tafaska ya (…) tqqn ar muk ittwala iwd n zid timslayin d ugama ». Ijj n uxzzar ibna x uwqqar d amqqran i ugama d umtawi akids x tmuwca n wa i wa. Amṣawaḍ a ur ittqid bla lqaɛida ins.
– Marra tifaskiwin timaziɣin izgurn ddin qqnent ar umṣdfar n tsmhuyin (saisons) n usggwas. Amuti zi ta ar tnnɣni ur ittili s usɣdi, ittili s lqaɛida ins mizi aṣurf ar tsmhut d tamaynut d ijjt n tmslayt tmɣar s uɣir ad ɣrs bddn ḥuma ad tɛda mliḥ ad tuc lɣillt d taṣbḥant. Taɛanṣart tettas dd g wakud n unqlb n tfuyt tanbdut, manaya ittwaḥsab d ijjt n twwurt ttadfn zgs iwdan ar unbdu amuk illa unqbl n tfuyt tamwant d tawwurt n wadaf ɣr tjrst. S uya i ittsmma Jan Sirbyi tifaskiwin n ynnayr d tɛanṣart « tiwwura n usggwas » .
– Tifaskiwin am tɛanṣart ttasnt idd ɛawd ḥuma ad qqnent tawwurt n ijj n lmusm gi tfllaḥt, ad rẓmnt wnnɣni. Tɛanṣart tettas dd ag tikkst n tmgra d uṣrwt. S uynni, tudf gi tswast (calendrier)tafllaḥt i ttḍfarn ar yiḍ a imzdaɣ n tmzaɣa. Sirbyi iṣṣawaḍ anɣ dd muk ssunuḍn ifllaḥn d tfllaḥin icɣlan nsn, n tmurt, s tiggwdi d uḥbabi ḥuma ur d asn dd ttkknt tmukrisin g ubrid. Manaya ila ttggn t zdat ad dd iban ddin. Zi ssin tsawnt udfnt gi tfaskiwin d tidyyanin amaknaw tɛacurt d lɛid amqqran, amuk d as tmsar i tɛanṣart ag ddin amasiḥi. Atiɣ ila gi zik d tafaska d tafukant n ywdan iɛbbdn tfuyt, ag wakud tdwl tqqn ar ci nnɣni. Nssn illa lqaɛida n waman d tmssi nttaf itn gi waṭṭaṣ n imurn n usggwas (Innayr, tɛacurt, lɛid amqqran, ..). Manaya ad ixs ad yini x yiri n Imil Laust illa lqaɛida n tmssi ur iqqim gi sbiɣt ins tamzgarut.
Min ttggn gi tɛanṣart?
Din kraḍ n tmslayin tbna xsn tɛanṣart: aman, timssi d ddxxan, issitim zzgsnt iwd amaziɣ asizdg/asird, aḥḍay d uḥawl.
– Aman: aman n tɛanṣart ɣrs ccan imɣar ar iwdan mizi issirid, isgnfa. S uynni, ulabudd ad ssirdn muk ma: s waman n yilel, n iɣzr niɣ gi lɛnaṣar d taliwin. Maca ttɣiman waman n tmurt ḥsn mizi kkin dd zi tɛddist. Aman n tɛanṣart ssiridn zi kulci min ur iknin: aṭṭan, tasɛdit taɛffant (lɛks), tuɛufna, … Amuk ttksn ula d tiggwdi. Ag tuffut, iwdan d lmal ttawin abrid ar waman huma ad iridn, ad dd luln zi jjdid. Lɛada n usird yidar itt idd San Agustin x imaziɣn n Zwara (Libya) xmi ttggn tafaska n Awussu, irwsn aṭṭaṣ gi tɛanṣart, maca gi ṣṣmaym. Din wi iqqarn qa d tafaska d ijjtn waxxa tmṣwḍa g wakud.
– Timssi: Ssruɣan iwdan timssi mani ma gi tɛanṣart, gi tmdinin niɣ gi ldcur, gi tɣmriwin niɣ g izurag d innarn. Nṭtwn tt s umẓyan s tmqqrant ḥuma ad tn tḥḍa zi min tsnuffr tudrt. Gi ci n tmura tigrakalin, ttssiyyabn gi tmssi min iṣṣnɛatn ar tmukrisin d takayin tiɛffanin, ttskkan gs isitimn nsn ttrajan t ad ikmḍ. Laust iqqar anɣ qa ayt/suyt Ida Azdut ttsiyyabn aẓru gi tmssi qqarn « ɣifl gim kullu ma ittrtn ». Gi Ntifa, ssruɣan timssi zdat i tudrin anct n waddud n wargaz, sscan as ixccabn n tzggwart yuzzɣn. Irgazn nṭṭwn tt kraḍ n twalatin, kssin gi tmnna « ad nḍwɣ timssi a amuk tt ɣa nḍwɣ asggwas i dd iggurn ». Timɣarin, am iwssura, ttrajant ad tudrus ḥuma ad tt nḍwnt s iḥrmun g uɣil. Taffa n tmssi ttsmman tt tafggirt, qqarn qa tkki dd zi tlatint (foguera). Tettwassn amya ɣr ayt/suyt Zmmur ɛla ḥsab Laust.
– Ddxxan: ssxdamn ddxxan n tɛanṣart i ugnfi d usitm n lxir. Ddxan n tfggirin niɣ n iɛcbucn ttbxxarn zgs i tsklutin d lksibt. Xlli d iwdan slqqan ddat nsn i ddxxan, ktar ci imẓyanen d tmẓaynin. Ttskkan t ar jjiht n tbḥirin d imrjɛiwn ikrzn. Timlli n tmssi ula d nttat s lbaraka ins gi tɛanṣart. X wawal n Idmund Duti, dg Arrif, ttḥnnakn zgs tamzurt. Ayt d suyt Arrif i ssqsiɣ nnan qa iwdan ila ttcarn jjuf nsn s ddxxan n tɛanṣart ḥuma ad ilin mliḥ. Amuk iqqar Laust qa gi Zmmur iwdan sɛddan ikrarn nsn x ddxxan ḥuma ad zgsn yili, ttslqan as ula d iwdan tiṭṭawin nsn i ugnfi zg waṭṭan i tnt ittlqafn.
Taɛanṣart n jjmaɛt d lfraḥt
Macca issxdamn iwdan gi tɛanṣart (gi marra Tamazɣa) tettwagg s tquqay iitwamjrn g usggwas nni ag lɛds d lḥimẓ iwwan g waman. Ttsmman tt imcyax niɣ imciyyxn. Ulabudd ad qqasn zi lɣillt tamaynut gi tfaskiwin ḥuma ad snimmrn i ugama lxir ins. « Macca n tudrt rid d macca waha, nttat s unamk ins ». Anamk ittawin ar waqqan n yiwd ag tmurt d ugama. « Timssi d tillgwit jr n yiwd d tfuyt iṣbḥn d lɣillt n tmurt. Ḥuma ad idum umsfham a, afllaḥ ittqas zi lɣillt tamaynut ». Gi tɛanṣart ifllaḥn ssagaln ddukar i lɣrus mizi ttamnen ila d wnni d akud i kids dd ittasn.
Bla manaya d manayin, tɛanṣart tettwag i lfraḥt d udaḥi s tudrt. S uya i d as iqqar Laust i tmssi ins, timssi n lfraḥt « Imaziɣn n lmɣrib ṭṭfn gi lɛada taqdimt n unskkr n tmssi amuk d as ttggn ifllaḥn n Fransa d Uruba xmi tettnqlab tfuyt n unbdu, umi qqarn san Jan ». Lfraḥt a tettili ag jjmaɛt s unḍaw n tmssi, lɣnuj d ccḍih. Ur ntettu aḥnnk n taẓult ittwaggn s uɛqqa n lmcmac zi ɣa ikmḍ gi tgffirt.
Lɛada ya twdḍr zi tudrt nnɣ s tmgga n icnga n tmagit tamaziɣt d tudrt ibnan x lfraḥt. Iwdan ttun tt niɣ snɛmiln ttun tt, rran g umkan ins min dd yusin zi brra. Maca wi ixsn tadlsa ins, izmmr ad tt idd isddr xlli tettwantu s wadday n ukal.
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- – “المجتمع المسلم في المغرب، السحر و الدين في شمال أفريقيا” لإدموند دوتي
- – إميل لاووست أسماء و كقوس نيران الفرح لدى برابرة الأطلس الكبير و المتوسط
- – أبواب السنة، طقوس و رموز. موقع الجزائر في التقاليد المتوسطية. جان سيرفيي


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Aburɣes
Aburɣes (Asget: ibureɣsen), (assaɣ usnan: Insecta) d asmil n yiɣersiwen iraɣlalen yeṭṭafaren adur n teswermin, Dɣa ibureɣsen yakk i d asesmel yellan s waṭas deg wadur n teswermin. Ɣas akken ass-a yettwassen s yisem n Ubeɛɛuc neɣ Abexxuc maca sin n wawalen-a d uzligen acku ttwakksen-d seg yirem aẓaṛan Aburɣas,
Ibureɣsen tgin-d tagrawt tuggtant deg yimuddar yakk yellan deg tegnit acku deg wesmil-a llant ugar n umelyun n telmas yettugelmen (azgen n yimuddar yellan deg tegnit) Maca azal n 30 n imelyan n twaculin zeddiɣ urad (mazal werɛad) ur ttussemlen-t, ayen id yettgin 90% n yimuddar yellan deg tegnit.
Ar tura ttwassemlen wazal n 5000 n telmas n temzerɣlin, d 2000 n tleɣmatin n yellu (tagmart n sidna Sliman), d 20,000 n telmas n yebẓaẓ, d 170,000 n telmas iferṭeṭṭa d ifaylellisen , d 170,000 d telmas n yizan d 82,000 n telmas n tzinfriwin, d 360,000 n telmas n izinzren d 110,000 n telmas n tzizwa d yerẓaẓen d igeṭfen akken daɣen yellan wazal n 2 ar 5 n yimelyan n telmas ur nettwassen.
Amezruy n yiburɣasẒreg
iburɣas d iɣersiwen imezwura i d-ibanen yakk deg tegnit, Aya send n 435 imelyan n yiseggasen, ɣef wannect-a tella-d d iɣersiwen imenza yakk yettferfiren acku zwaren-d iptiṛusuren s wazal n 204 n yimelyan n yiseggasen.
Asesmel ussnanẒreg
Tilmas n yiburɣasẒreg
Imusnawen n yiburɣas ufan-d d akken uṭṭun n yiburɣas deg yal Amil amkuẓ (1 Mill ⁴) yegda uṭṭun n yifganen yellan deg tegnit yakk acku llan-t imelyan n telmas akken daɣen id snirrimen seg 5 ar 7 n yigimen n telmas deg yal aseggas.
Acku d akken llan-t waṭas n twaculin d telmas d tfesna yemgaraden, yettili-d uglam-nsent s waṭas n tegrawin gar-asent:
IzinezrenẒreg
Izinezren ssiliɣen-d tagrawt meqqren yakk n ibureɣsen s wazal n 300.000 n telmas yemgaraden, akken i yezmer ad yili userwes-nsen yakk d yiɣersiwen inaɣlalen am yiselman d yigṭaṭ d tkelmanin d temraradin d temsuṭaṭ i gebren seg 43,000 n telmas kan. Iglamen yettwaskaden s tuget deg yizinezren d tayuga n yifraren n wafriwen imehzen seg tyuga tamenzut n wafriwen.
Seg telmas yettwassnen yakk deg tfesna n izinezren d tamyigrant yettidiren deg yakk imenẓawen (anagar Antraktika) anda i d-tessiluɣ tagrawt taxatart n tnegmarin, Tla azal meqqren deg wučči n igulafen d iwakuzen i ṭṭurrayen imɣan, dɣa anecta d ayen yeǧǧan imekrazen ad ten-tt-senkeren
Iferṭeṭṭa d ifaylellisenẒreg
D ayen yemrayen (iweɛṛen) ad tili tukza n imgaraden gar n ifaylellisen d yiferṭeṭṭa maca tukza n umgarad-a tezmer ad tili sɣur n tallit n urmud-nsent d kra n imaskanen-nsent anda azal ameqran n ifaylellisen ttbinen-tt-d deg yiṭ akken i lant timejjiwin n wefriw yerna ṭeffsent afriwen-nsenrt s talɣa taglawant ɣef izaguren-nsent. Ma d iferṭeṭṭa ttferfiren deg wass yerna lant timejjiwin yettfakkan s tuffet akken i ṭeffsen afriwen-nsen s talɣa taratakt ɣef yizaguren-nsen. Dɣa izagen-a n umgarad d ixataren s waṭas.
IzanẒreg
Yezmer ad yili ufriri n tegrawt-a taxatart meqqren gar n ibureɣsen yakk, anda i tla yiwet n tyuga n wafriwen ma d tayuga tis snat yuɣal meẓẓiy i wakken ad yuɣal d allal n umejgugel yemmugen am umesraf. Dɣa tadast s telmas-is yemgaraden iga d amedya igerrzen i yigmamen n tegrawt-a, anda yettwassen s ukerrec-is itekkmen (iqerrḥen) akken i d-tesskaray urnan.
Irẓaẓen, Irẓuzen, Tizizwa yakk d yigeṭfenẒreg
Tizizwa d tagrawt meqqren n ibureɣsen, amur ameqran deg-sent ttidirent deg tehrest anda ixeddment yakk i ubaɣur imezdi. Amedya: tahrest n tzizwa n tamment tettwasemmes ɣef tgellidt tameqrant yettilin d tagensast ɣef usersi n tmellalin, ma d tawuri n iwetmen d asebrer n tmellalin n tgellidt. Deg wakud anda ixeddment tqeddacin imahilen niden. Dɣa timettiyin n igeṭfen d yirẓaẓen d wid yettemcabin timetti n tzizwa anda ttidirent deg tegrawin i teddmen aṭas n yigmamen i ttemyallalen gugar-asen.
Ikurdan d tilkinẒreg
Ikurdan d tilkin d ijenṭaden yettidiren deg wamur uffiɣ n tfekka n umesnubget-is. Tilmas-a isnat-nsent ur lint ara afriwen. Mekknent timsuṭad (gar-asent andan) yakk d yigṭaṭ anda ittsummunt idammen i wakken ad farsent timellalin, ayen yettaǧǧa ad sneṭṭen aṭas n tlmas n waṭṭanen, dɣa tasakrart n terka yakk d terka taberkant yenfufden deg Uruppa d tmurt n Yiqbayliyen deg tallit talemmas yedda yerna yenfufed s yikurdan ittidiren deg tfekkiwin n iɣuliwen iy ṭṭef waṭṭan-a. Ma d aṭṭan n Tifus ittili-d deg tamiwin yumsen yeččuren d tilkin i d-tissawaṭen seg wemdan ɣer wemdan niden.
Ibẓaẓ, Ijṛaden, IwerǧeǧǧiyenẒreg
D tagrawt n warrasen d timestuga i tetten s waṭas. Anda i d-gellunt s isettwiɣen i yilan n wemdan. Anda ibẓaẓ d iburjijen d yibureɣsen ittilin deg wurtan d yilmayen ur d-gellun ara s usettwiɣ meqqren i yimdanen, maca imdanen kerhen-ten s usrag n tmeẓri-ines ilicen d imesli-ines. Ma d ajṛad de win isettwaɣayen s waṭas imendiyen d yimmaden.
Dɣa izeglella d yisen seg yigmamen yettwassnen yakk deg tegrawt-a, acku yettili deg yakk ideggan anda yettili wemdan, anda yettwaf ama deg yixxamen neɣ deg wanda iṭṭeggiren igudiyen.
UččiẒreg
Iburɣas d imuddiren ig tetten aṭas n wučči ya d učči amɣaw neɣ aɣersaw, llan iburɣas ig tetten aksum d iɣsan d idammen d ucencaw akken daɣen illan iburɣas ig tetten asɣaṛ
Tudert n uburɣesẒreg
AsileɣẒreg
Aṭas n ibureɣsen ttlalen-d i wakken ad qqimen d imeẓyanen. Acku amur ameqran n ibureɣsen beddun tudert-nsen s agensu n tmellalt anda i tettili tettwaggeẓ s teclemt yeqquren. Tawtemt tessrusay aṭas n tmellalin, Amedya: tawtemt n yizi tessrusay 1000 n tmellalin deg 15 n wussan kan maca mi ara ad frurxent tmellalin-nni anagar kra n yizan Kan ara ad iqqimen d imidduren. Dɣa anecta yegguni ɣef twennaṭ anda yettidir uburɣes (ma yella wučči d yiba n tnegmarin).
TamhaztẒreg
Amur ameqran n ibureɣsen ttefrurxen-d seg tmellalin itessrusay tayemmat-nsen deg yiferran n yimɣan neɣ deg waman neɣ deg tamiwin niden. Maca llant tilmas niden i d-ittmagen deg tmellalt s agensu n tfekka n tayemmat sin akin ad ilal d amiddur. Maca, s umata-nsen ttaken-d seg waṭas n talliyin n ibeddilen mi ara ad gemmun, ma d asrag yettaǧǧan ibureɣsen ad scelmen taɣessa-nsen tuffiɣt yettuɣal ɣer tɣuri n teclemt-nsen ittikrisen ɣef uburɣes mi ara ad igmu, dɣa srid mi ara ad iffeɣ uburɣes seg tɣessa-ines ad yimɣur w ad s-temmag tɣessa d tamaynut.
Azal ameqran n ibureɣsen ttekken-d seg yiwen gar n snat n telmas n temhazt, igan ya d tamhazt tummidt neɣ tamhazt tanaktamt, anda titlullɣin d yibẓaẓ d iburjijen gan d ibureɣsen i d-itekken seg tallit n temhazt tanaktamt anda amgarad gar n ibureɣsen imawaṭen d yifrax-is d win ibanen s waṭas
Assaɣ n ibureɣsen d wemdanẒreg
Aṭas seg twaculin n ibureɣsen ttumeggzent d tijenṭadin yerna tthewwilent amdan, ibureɣsen ittumeggzen d ijenṭaden akka gan d tadasin, tilkin, izan yakk d isellufen, anda tiwaculin-a d tid yessenṭaṭen aṭas n telmas n waṭṭanen ma d iramuden yakk d yijṛaden d wid iṭṭurrayen imɣan d imendiyen. D ayen yeǧǧan aṭas n imusnawen ad mmuzzgen s tezrawt n tarrayin yemgaraden i wakken ad sneɣden deg umdan n ibureɣsen anda i ssemrasen imsenger n tillicin. Maca taggara ayi uɣalen ttganayen ugar ɣef iɣunab n usenɣed igamanen d yisnudranen.
Ẓeṛ daɣenẒreg
- ↑ "Insecta". Tree of Life Web Project. 2002. Archived from the original on 2 yebrir 2019. Retrieved 12 mayyu 2009.
- ↑ Erwin, Terry L. (1997). Biodiversity at its utmost: Tropical Forest Beetles. pp. 27–40. In: Reaka-Kudla, M. L.; Wilson, D. E.; Wilson, E. O. (eds.). Biodiversity II. Joseph Henry Press, Washington, D.C.


text:
Tura-tt: Asmaa Aouattah
Melmi ma raḥeɣ ar taddart-nni, ttɣimiɣ g uzqaq-ines ameqqran, i dd-ittawin g izqaqen n tudrin n lkambu. Netta maca isettef s nnwar, issu lluṣṣa tettbsissiq, g ummas-ines missa tessu amendil immres x-s umeḥbeq n tnewwacin ḍewwren-as-dd lekrassa. Kulci gi taddart itticc-dd zeg-s ci n ddq n lefwaḥ ggʷamiɣ ad as-uceɣ isem, ar wami sselleɣ i xalti tessiwel tasbanyut gi ttilifun. Lfwaḥ d asbanyu.
Ass-nni nraḥ ar din neḥḍar tameɣra. Iḥermucn uzzlen x-sen berra. Nec felteɣ mizi kmummseɣ g ijjet n teɣmmart, mays dd-ttessijjɣ x waraḥ as-dd n wass-nni ameqqran, tamɣra.
Tels-ay yemma tbibit tamaynut n lɛid. Ila yallah iɛda. Tmecḍ-ay tazeggʷart i x-ay dd-iɣmin mliḥ s zzit temmud-ay-tt astiqa ur telli d tenni n lebda. Tenna-ay gg leɛqel-inem mala texsed ad tẓẓureɣred bilun n teslit. Zi ssin nec ttarjiɣ, ttrajiɣ: bilun, bilun, mukas ad ẓẓuɣreɣ bilun? Tafruxt i dd-yusin ad tɛarḍ tenna-as i yemma nnan-am-dd ur dd-ttawi bu iḥermucen. Yemma tecceḥḥ, mukas ur dd-tiwi bu iḥermucen? May ten ɣa ssekkeɣ? Wi day-ixsen, ad ay-ixes s tarwa-inu s kulci. Lfihem-nni asbanyu a t-jjen ɣer-sen, necnin nettraḥ s kulci s tarwa-nneɣ.
Zeg ijj n uxxam ttadfent tteffɣent temɣarin. Melmi ma udfent ad dd-bellɛent tawwurt, melmi ma ffɣent ad tt-idd-bellɛent. Iqqim-ay din lbal yugel. Xseɣ ad din raḥeɣ ggʷamiɣ. Ggʷdeɣ ad nhezzeɣ ad x-i azzlen berra. Qqimeɣ ttnukmiɣ s uɣimi g umkan-inu ar wami din wwḍeɣ. G ijj n warẓam n tewwurt xtuttleɣ ṣarɣ ar dixel.
Taslit! S uyenni ziɣenta. Necnin nusa-dd ar teslit. Aqa-ay g uxxam mani tt-ssewjaden. Ur day- teksi lfraḥt. Xḍareɣ ijj n umkan ur d ay-iẓerr g-s ḥedd, nec maca ẓerreɣ qqaɛ win din. Ijbed-ay- dd ijj n umaksi imɣaaar d acemlal immers x missa d tazgrart, ammen ibeḥrar-ines hwan-dd ar tmurt. Ur fhimeɣ min din ittegg. Taslit ila tettett. Adan n tɛddist-inu ila feḍḥen-ay. Ur ɛqilɣ cḥal zggʷami cciɣ. Teccur-ay tmɣera ul. Maca luxa lefwaḥ n uksum d lberquq i ɣer-s ar teslit gi ṭṭebṣi isdewwex-ay.
Safi ggʷamiɣ, i das-tenna teslit i ijjt n temɣart tettḥarab-as. Ur teccid walu qqaɛ, rnu ɣir ijj n ulemmuẓ. Walu i dd x-s terra uka tesbeɛɛed-as fus mis das-tessiɣ alemmuẓ issisen gi lmarq. Uc- ay-t i nec seḥḥad. Gi meqntuṭṭuc ila tesreḥ temɣart-nni ṭṭebṣi. Tsala ag usirem-inu, ẓẓiyyreɣ x tɛeddist s ufus.
Tudef-dd ijjt n temɣart-nneɣni, tebda tjebbed-dd leḥwayej zeg ijj n uqrab: timecḍin, tiqedduḥin, aruḍ. Udem isslawen n teslit idwel ittceɛciɛ, ireqq s waẓli, astiqa d taslit n wenẓar. Wami das-kemmlen aɛdal n ucwwaf, tteslw-as arruḍ i teslit zeg iḍaren, teqqim gi sustin d slib. Tamɣart-nni iɛeddlen d tmɣart-nni ittḥerraben ksint-idd jer-asent maksi-nni ameqqran. Taslit tṣar tbedd, ssersent maksi gi tmurt, reẓment-as tiselselt i ɣer-s mettkermin, ssidfent g-s iḍaren n teslit iqqnen ttakun d izegraren, qqiment ssalayent ar wami das-iwweḍ ar yiri. Yaaaaaah, tesseḥmaq teslit, tessḥemaq astiqa teffeɣ-dd zi tirjit, astiqa tehwa-dd zeg ujenna, astiqa terwel-dd i …. Ula d nettat iɛjb-as ixef-ines, tesfirnen teqqim tettxezzar gi tisit tettxezzar gi tmeddukal-ines. Cwitti ttesliɣ “iqqim wi ɣa iẓẓuɣren bilun”.
Din i dd-nbeɛteɣ, s wadan xxwan, udem iwreɣ, iḍaren tterjijjin, ul iccat maca tiṭawin qṭuṭcent.
“D nec” i nniɣ s ufilu n tniɣt yudrus astiqa dag-i lmewt. Kulci xezrent-idd g-i astiqa tewti-tent lleqwet. Ur ssinent mis tteblant.
—Mays dd-tekka ta? Wi tt-ilin?—tessqsa tewzirt n teslit, tameddukelt-ines.
—D illis n xalt-i—uka teḍḥek. —Meskina, tettarja. Nec ten day ɣa iẓẓuɣren bilun tewjed, s umaksi-ines, s kulci. Raḥ a tsa-inu ad teɛyard.
Kkiɣ gi twwurt, imṭṭawen ar tqesmirt, sellweɣ-as ifilan i lezwaq n tbibit-inu. Ag wufuɣ-inu, ag wadaf n ijjt n tḥermuct ur tt-ssinɣ, anect inu, telsa maksi am wenni n teslit maca d ameẓẓyan. Tabibit-inu n lɛid ur telli d tsbanyut.
Ur ffiɣeɣ ci brra. Uliɣ ar ṣṣḍeḥ. Kmummseɣ ag temɣart isnennan. Tessiɣ-ay-dd ijj n ulemmuẓ g-s tafettut d lmarq, rriɣ x-s lḥarr.
Wami meɣreɣ, dewleɣ snenniɣ gi tmeɣriwin.


text:
Ass-nni n lexmis, 05 deg unbir 2020, i temmut yemma-s n Matoub Lounes deg sbiṭer n Fransa. Nna Ɛelǧiya, akken i yuɣen tannumi ssawalen-as yimdanen, tella tuḍen aṭas-aya. Amur ameqqran n wakud n yiseggasen n 2019 akked wayen iɛeddan seg 2020, tesɛedda-t d tamuḍint deg sbiṭer. Tlul deg taddart n Tewrirt Musa deg useggas n 1931. D mmi-s n yelli-s Asirem i d-yefkan s wudem unṣib isalli n tmettant-is deg uɣrab-is n Facebook. ‘’S leḥzen ameqqran ara awen-ssiwḍeɣ isalli n tmettant n setti Nna Ɛelǧiya Matoub, i yemmuten sbeḥ-agi deg temdint n Pari’’, i d-yura. Ikemmel, yenna : ‘’Tella d amedya n tebɣest. Ha-tt-an terniḍ ɣer mmi-m i tejmaḍ aṭas. Gen deg talwit’’. Tban-d yemma-s n Matoub s annar seg wasmi nnɣan mmi-s ass n, 25 deg yunyu 1998, deg Tala Bounan. Seg wass-nni i tettnadi ɣef wid i t-yenɣan. 22 d aseggas, nettat d anadi ɣef tidet n tmenɣiwt-is. Am wakka, ha-tt-an tɣab, ur tufi tiririt i yisteqsiyen-is.
Xas ulamma tuḍen, meɛna urǧin tebra i ṭṭbel deg waman deg temsalt n tsestant ɣef wid ineqqḍen tudert i mmi-s. Temmeslay fell-as deg yisaragen, deg yiɣmisen, deg tilivizyuwat. Tezga d acetki deg uxxam n ccreɛ nettat d yelli-s Malika akked wid merra iḥemmlen aɣewwaɣ (rebelle). Tella tettedir kan i tidet ɣef tmenɣiwt n mmi-s Lounes. Tessaram ad d-tban, syin wicqa ma temmut. Acu kan, ddunit, tbeddel rray, tewwi-tt uqbel ad d-yeḍru usirem-is. Ugar n sin n yiseggasen-ya segmi tesenqes tisin ɣer taddart imi tuḍen mliḥ u tezga deg sbiṭer. Uqbel aṭṭan-is, tḥemmel ad temlil deg uxxam-is n Tewrirt akked wid i d-irezzun ɣer din, ladɣa deg unebdu, yal 25 deg yunyu.
Tezga ɣer tama n mmi-s
Aṭas n temliliyin akked tmeɣriwin n Matoub Lounes i deg-i teḥḍer Aldjia Matoub, tezga tetteddu yid-s armi i tt-cebban ɣer yemma-s n Loucif Hamani imi ula d nettat, tetteddu ɣer temliliyin n mmi-s. Nna Ɛelǧiya, d tamdyazt, d tacennayt ifazen. Akka dɣa i tecna yiwen seg icewwiqen-is deg walbum ‘’Asirem’’ i d-yeffɣen deg useggas n 1996. Temḍel iḍelli n lḥdd deg taddart-is, Tawrirt Musa Waɛmer, sdat n wayendin n yimdanen. Sgunfu deg talwit.
Hocine Moula