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Am ca n wexmar n qundɛa i yeqqnent timeslayin n dduniyt‑a ca ɣer ca. Niɣ mcubcent kter ? Zemmrent tmeslayin d timeẓẓyanin umi wer netterri taynit, ad ssugurent dduniyt? Taṭiyurit n arrwina terr-d x iseqsan‑a.
Mamec mala teffɣed tminut tɛeḍled zi taddart, injem-ac utubis. ad tettrajid x utubis- nni i dd ɣa asen awarn‑as, i ɣa yennaɣen di kula n webrid ict tseɛɛet. Ttuɣa teggured ɣar wemsawal amezwar x ca n lxedmet ttuɣa teddefɛed‑as. Ad tawḍed tɛeḍled, s uyenni wer dac-t‑tticcen ca. Ammu i txeddem taṭiyurit n arrwina. Timeslayin‑a d umseḍfar‑nsent d later‑nsent, qqaren xaf‑s ayt leḥsab (Imatimatiken): war-asettir (non-linear).
Mli teffɣed ɣir cwayt zik, ataf teṭṭfed lxedmet‑nni. Aɛeṭṭel n tminut, yegga ijj n ssenslet d jjdid i mamec ɣa yeɛdu wass. Taṭiyurit n arrwina teqqar belli ibeddilen d imeẓẓyanen, zemmren ad arwnen timeslayin meɣrent. Ad yarrwina asistim-nsen yekmel. mayen umi qqaren « Later n tiḥjijat » ittawi‑dd: Melmi teccat tiḥjijat deg wafar, thezza lhawa cwayt drust. Ahezzi nni ma yejhed ma yerxu, di mant jjihet… Izemmer ad ɣer‑s yili later yemɣer. Ad yegg ijjen ssenslet d tamaynut i wsistim amen yekmel.
Senslet‑a ttmernint‑idd ɣer‑s texrazin, ar ɣa yedwel beddu‑nni nesseɛqer, d ijjen tḥaryaḍt temɣer di ca n tmurt nniḍen. Da neqqar‑as « wer nettessen manis i dd‑kkint », wi yellan d lesbab ?
D manaya ig ittejjan leḥsab n ujenna yeqqen urid mamek nessen ɣer lɣeṭṭ d usemmiḍ waha, maca ɣar waṭṭas n tmeslayin d timeẓẓyanin nniḍen. Lehmu n tmessi n kuzina waha, iẓemmar x cwayt n iseggusa ad ibeddel anẓar s tfuct!
Mala tbeddel ɣir ijjen ḥajet di beddu, ad ibeddel kulci. ibeddilen n war‑asettir aqqa-yen di qaɛ igran. Am Astrunumi (tussna n yetran), niɣ mikanika n wanict (quantum mechanics), abyuluji… Ula d tasusyulujit. S uya tettwaḥsab tatiyurit n arwina, zzat i theory of relativity n Einstein, d mikanika n wanict, zi tmeslayin yeggin tagrawla di tussna di lqern n 20.
Ɣer ɛawd:
Layzer: Aqesses n tfawt yeḥkem dduniyt.
Anẓar s yiẓra x tmurt d tziri.


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Tegga tamesmunt n “Adlis Amaziɣ” d tmesmunt n “Ameẓẓyan” Amsagar n Ḥasan Benԑaqiya i tsekla Tamaziɣt, s uzwel: “Ḥasan Benԑaqiya: Argaz n tsekla Tamaziɣt”, deg wass n ssebt I yeԑdun 23 Abril 2022 zi tseԑԑet n tesԑya d uzgen n yiḍ deg uxxam n wuddis adelsan di Nnaḍur. Amsagar-a i d-yusin aked wass amaḍlan n udlis, ixḍarent dag-s tnayen-a n tmesmunin ad beddent ɣer wudem n Ḥasan Benԑaqiya, d asemɣar i min yewca deg yiger adelsan d useklan.
Tebda tinawt s ijj tminut useɣdi x yiman n ugellin Ḥasan Benԑaqiya, awern-as, yerẓem umessugur n wemsagar Ɛebdelwaḥed Ḥennu awal-nnes s ureḥḥeb s inewjiwen, immel-asen mayemmi ittwagg wemsagar-a, qbel ma ad asen-issken min xef tbedd tamesmunt n “Adlis Amaziɣ” i ittwaḥsaben d ijjen tmesmunt d tamaynut temmerni-d ɣer tracca n tmesmunin Timaziɣin. Amsagar-a aseklan d wa d amsagar amezzwaru-nnes.
Zi senni, tessnked-d Ḥayat Buterfas i yellan d tazlawit d tamerzzut, s idlisen i ttuɣa yura Ḥasan Benԑaqiya s Tefransist d Tmaziɣt, mamec i d-issiwel Muḥemmed Buddhen ula netta x Ḥasan Benԑaqiya, immel-asen i yenni ttuɣa i yeḥḍaren xirebbi n tmeslayin i ttuɣa wer x-as ssinen, ula kṭer, aṭṭas n min ten-ismunen di tudert, maci ḥa deg uxarres d tira maca ula di tɣensa d tudert.
Usin-d ɣer wemsagar-a mass Milud d Muḥemmed Benԑaqiya, awmaten n ugellin, mani i yessiwel Milud x tecli n wuma-s di tudert zeg wami i t-ttuɣa d aḥenjir d ameẓẓyan, mamec i t-ttuɣa ixeddem zi lebda d miɣis zeg wami illa.
Ttuɣa tegga ula tamɣart n Ḥasan Benԑaqiya massa Sana Yeccu ad teḥḍer ula d nettat, maca deg ijjen tebrat d talikṭrunit i tessek i tmesmunin, tenna-asen ila qa iԑejb-as lḥal x usemɣer i das-ittwaggen i dduktur Ḥasan Benԑaqiya, mamec i das-iԑjeb lḥal wami ixḍaren amsagar-a x yisem-nnes.
Zeg uɣezdis-nnes, issiwel umari d usinarist Muḥemmed Buzeggu di tsadaft-nnes x tudrust n idlisen i d-ittffɣen s Tmaziɣt deg wanawen n tsekla, yenna-d belli qa mazal idlisen s Tmaziɣt ԑad udrusen zeg wami i d-iffeɣ udlis amezwaru s Tmaziɣt di Arrif. Yenna-d ԑawed aqqa ixess ad yili useggem d usegged n min d-itteffɣen d idlisen. Mamec issemɣer zi tmesmunt n “Adlis Amaziɣ” maḥend ad tirar ijjen tilalt deg usemɣer n tira n Tmaziɣt.
Ɛebdelmajid Benḥemmadi, issiwel x waṭṭas n ixarrisen i ttuɣa yellan di tira n Ḥasan Benԑaqiya x tsekla Tamaziɣt, am unurẓem x waṭṭas n isental di tira, mani ixess imariten wer ttilin d imeḥbas di tɣensa, d tmeslayin nniḍen i yeqqnen ɣer usenqeḍ d mamec ɣa yili umsurruf aked wawalen ireṭtalen di Tmaziɣt.. Immel-d amedya n uyenni di tmezgunt n “Taɣɣarect d tebqect” i yura mass Ḥasan Benԑaqiya.

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Yennuɣ wawal di taqqa zegga i inewwec usemmiḍ jjurret-nnes.. Iyura min iyuran deg uyenni i ideqqes wudem n nnda n tuffut s usedḥi. Iẓeyyer ddir x yedmaren n zzwayel deg walay n usawen. Yerxu ddfer, yemmutti x zzɛenquq mani ɣa yejj anewwar wer ittḥerrib izembeben amen tenna…
Yennuɣ wawal di tɣedwin i yumsen ccberq d cucemɣira. Di tɣedwin i xef ittekk benneɛman iɛeddu, amen wer deg-s tt-ittiwi ula d ijj. D ujenna yezhem x-as usegnu, yeɛbubbez deg uɛebbuḍ-nnes d tikuffutin ugint ad ggent inadan. Uḥlen ifassen ad mmeksin ɣer ujenna, maca rebbi ttuɣa ixezzer-dd ɣer-neɣ umi ttuɣa nettirḍ liẓar i uɣenja, nkessi di llɣa, nettlaɣa… Ma lexxu, ixezzer-dd deg ifassen-nneɣ, ittwala-neɣ nweḍḍer iman-nneɣ… Uca ili neqqim nettemxumbul deg weḥsin n uweḍḍer i yembumbsen d taqsuḥi, tessed x yedmaren-nneɣ d tnaɣit…
Wer ttseqsam… Agg°jem x iseqsan… Wa d awal zeg wawal… D awal i yeṭṭfen acbar, ittmuɣẓul aked tḥeryaḍin n yinni yennuryen deg waneɣ-nsen i umi mbun awal n midden. Wa d awal wer ssineɣ min yeqqar… Maca itteffeɣ-dd d tiyerjin i ɣa ibeɛjen buḥbel n uweḍḍer i zi nettwadel… I zi daneɣ-sɣumbren…
Wer ttegg°dem… Xa ad yemmet… Ad teqqim illa lxecbet-nnes d isekkilen… Wer deg-s nfehhem illa ijj n tefyirt, teqqar: « Ttuɣa-t d awal… Maca lexxu iweḍḍer! »
Ɣer ɛawed: Tefreɣ tfeqqust!


text:
bbelbelVB [bbelbel]
être gros, replet
Flexions bbelbelyebbelbel ttbelbilent tettbelbil ttbelbilemt bbleblent tebbelbel bbleblemt ittbelbilen tettbelbilem tettbelbileḍ ibbleblen tebbleblem tebblebleḍ ttbelbilen ittbelbil ttbelbilet bbleblen ibbelbel bbleblet yettbelbilen nettbelbil ttbelbileɣ yebbleblen nebbelbel bblebleɣ bbelbel tettbelbilemt yettbelbil ttbelbil tebbleblemt
Sources bbelbel
- BOUAMARA Kamel, Issin : Asegzawal n teqbaylit s teqbaylit, Editions l'Odyssée, Tizi-Ouzou, 2010
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982


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Tura‑t: Fatiḥa Ɛissawi
Mamek nessen qaɛ, arrendan (ramaḍan) elaḥal ad yaweḍ, maca min wer ssinen attas n yewdan, d amnus i tkessi tḥenjirt i 6 nni n w ussan n idammen i xa‑s i dd‑itasen di ramadan.
Mamek ttwaliɣ, taḥenjirt wer tkessi s wemnus i leḥriq n ueeddis , n weerur, n ifadden d wefcal, d leḥriq n uzellif, Agaeeed n ihurmunen n Etrogine i tt‑itejjan ad txeyyeq akd ixf‑nnes, as iqqes lḥal x can tmeslayin d timeẓyanin, i tt‑itjjan ad tettru x ca n tmeslayin wer stahllent imeṭṭawen, d waṭṭas n tamara i yessakʷaḍen lmut!,
Marra manaya walli tettegg‑it neemada niɣ iejeb‑as lḥal, maca deg ussan nni amenni i tt‑tterran ihurmunen‑nnes,
Manaya marra wer das tekessi s wemnus, anict min tekessi i mara yeẓr‑it ḥedd! niɣ mara yerra‑s‑dd lexber ḥedd zeg aytma‑s, babas niɣ ḥedd d awtem akid‑s di taddart.
Maymi!?
Maymi d reib, ḥcuma, atcced arrendan!
Aṭṭas wer fehhmen umi qqaren qa taḥenjirt wer tettiri mliḥ di lxaḍar‑nnes, aṭṭas i wer yessinen qa llant can tḥenjirin tadfent deg uxiyyeq (la dépression), ttadfent deg ijjen lḥala n tepsikulujit teqseḥ aṭṭas.
Maca tkemmaren xa‑sent s: qa d « reib »!
sqa ɣer‑m am isel ḥedd!! Niɣ ɣer‑m a cem‑iẓer ḥed, cem tetted ramaḍan!! Axmi i tenɣa, niɣ tegga ca n lḥajt wer teḥli!!
Min ixss ad tesned, qa mara yemma‑c, ultma‑c, tamɣart‑nnec… wer tecci mliḥ deg ussan nni izemmar ad tehlek zi seḥḥet s ca n lehlak yeqseḥ ad zzag‑s teggenfa, ad as‑yegg nnaqes deg uzzal, niɣ izemmar ad ac‑temmet jer ifassen, mala tẓum kid‑k arrendan.
Min ixss ad tesned ɛawed, arrigla niɣ cehar wer yelli d reib, ntta d ijjen tamara tkessit temɣart ḥuma ad cek taru cek.
Arrigla, Idammen, Yur/cehar n temɣart: d ijjen ḥajet tella zzag‑s, wer lli d nttat i yexsen.


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Ylqx cix lxijcixlixcix Acüjlxliqqqxix jlc Qqjjjicix Aiqji ijlxc ll Mciqjll iqx Acüjlxlijiclqx llxj lxcicic Qcj llj cic Mlliiqccxlxl cic Ailjiqxüjic: cic Mlxjilcilxiqxjliixljj. Mcilci lxc Qljcillxl jlljiqqx jllix qx cic iqxqüjqlclix Dqllicjljj xqc cic Djlcjxljji, lji cqi Aäcqxix qx iqxqqiix Qxixcijiqcicx lxc Qxjülix iqxjclcijx. Qlqx Zjllcql Yöjjcqilj xql ljiqqxxllqlix Mlxjijlcqq qij llxj iqxöx lljlicilj, cixx iqlixjjqqx qij cic Dllj cic Djlcjxljji jüc cix Qljjcqjj xqij jl ijiqx, ijllj iqi. Aiijqc Qlcili Ylcjj lxc Dxijcll Yqxl icxljjix lji Zqjjiqllixilclß xqx Yqcjäxjic Mxqlli Aqjlcii lli Ziqcix iqx Mjäiqxqxix Aqjqiqx lxc iqxix Yjllixijcllß üxicciqqxj. Aqi Dqxüjicicciqxic Mlllcl Diqxixxiqxic, Mxiciil Djlxj lxc Alxqij Yiclllxx icqxxicjix lx cix Yilqxx cic Ailjiqxljjiqj lji iciji Dqxüjic cic A 6. Alii jlxlillic Zljjic, Zxl-Zxl-Zxl, Aqxi qcic Mlxlq iiqx Mlqiiciqxjiqiix iqxc, xlxix cqi Aäcqxix qx cix iiqxi Qlj cciq Üxlxliijlxcix iqxxijj jiijliijijjj. Aqi Djlxclccjäxji lixöcjix xiql Qxiqxjliixljj jlc Yqcjüxclxl. Qji clxx llqx cqi Mlxjclxcix lqj Djjicx üxicijlxcix qlc, qlcci cqi Mlxjjjäqxi jciqlilixix lxc cqi Aqqxlcc-Zllxic-Zqlxq icqijji llj. Yqjc: cqx
Langsamer Walzer, Cha-Cha-Cha und Tango kein Zuckerschlecken
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Ij n uneqqis issufeɣ-it-idd iger n uselmed di banku amaḍlan. Anict imeḥḍaren imeɣrabiyen ḍeɛfen aṭṭas di Teɛrabt, d tmeslayin nniḍen ameknaw maṭimatik d tussniwin. Ula kṭer ɣer min iqqnen ɣer tɣuri d wefham.
Aneqqis-nni zeɛma iqqar ixess « ad kkren s uselmed n Teɛrabt… Maḥend ad ggen laḥedd i ẓẓleḍ n uselmed di jjihet n usammer-anammas d Tmazɣa ». Iydar-dd uneqqis-nni ila aswir mani ttafen iḥenjiren Taɛrabt, ittili yeḍɛef aṭṭas minzi lwalidin tili wer das-ssinen, niɣ iḥenjiren wer qqiren bu idlisen s Teɛrabt, wer nnumen ca qqaren i tarwa-nnsen.
ẓẓleḍ n welmad di Lmuɣrib iwweḍ ca n 66%, alaḥsab ij n sellum n yenni issnen ad iɣren. 67% n 97% Imeɣrabiyen wer wwiḍen ad dd-rren x ij n useqsi n wefham n min ɣrin. Ula di tussniwin d maṭimatik, imeḥḍaren n Lmuɣrib wer ssinen ca mliḥ min qqaren.
60% n imeḥḍaren Imeɣrabiyen deg useggas wis 10 nnsen wer ssinen ad ɣren, mani iḥenjiren nniḍen di lɛumur-nnsen mani ca nniḍen zemmren ad ɣren aḍris, ad t-fehmen.
Aneqqis-a n ubanku amaḍlan, aṭṭas n imeɣnas n Tmaziɣt wer dag-sen iɛjib. Ijjen zzag-sen yenna i lerifain : « manaya nurmal, minzi Taɛrabt wer tt-issiwil la d ijjen di berra, d ij n tutlayt temmut. Mamec ɣa ggen imeḥḍaren ad awḍen ad ssnen ij n tutlayt i yemmuten ? ». Yerni yenna « Aṭṭas n imeḥḍaren i yeqqaren Tmaziɣt fehhmen-tt mliḥ, qqaren-tt, maca ddewla tettagi ad tt-tesɣer ». Ikemmer awal-nnes i lerifain d netta iwekked ila « qa mala xsen imeḥḍaren ad uguren ɣer zzat deg ilemmuden-nnsen ixess ad asen-nessɣer ij n tutlayt min ked ttemsurrufen lebda ».


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Deg uxxam-nni n uraji neqqim nettemseqsa jar-aneɣ, manis cek? min xef d cek d-ṭṭfen?… kur cwayt n wakud ad naf ssidfen-d xaf-neɣ yin nneɣni arami nufa ixef-nneɣ di tesɛa.
Usin-d ttfettacen-aneɣ ijjen s ijjen, tticcen-aneɣ tnayen n rekraci. Ssadafen-aneɣ ɣar wexxam nneɣnit. Qqaren-as axxam n ineḥbas imaynuten, day-s sebɛa mitru di tuzzegardt sebɛa mitru di ririwt. Day-s tenɛac n qamat n wezzar, day-sent ijt sennej ijt s wadday, Rebɛa uɛecrin n iruqaq n iḍes wa xef wa. Maca war day-sen bu ipayasen. Day-s tnayen n kanifat (bitlmat) di tɣemmura. Kur ijjen iṭṭef raq-nnes, ittessu day-s rekraci-nni daneɣ-ucin. Urṣuḍent maca s bezzez. Din yinn ig isseedun reḥbes ssnen mamec eeddren tassut-nni. Yusi-d ɣar-i Rabeḥ inna-ayi raja ak-eedreɣ raq.
Iṭṭef rekraci nni, iḍefṣ-itent akidi- xef tlata, uca issu-tent di tmurt iejen-asent xef iḍeffuṣen s tisi n iḍaren, uca iys-itent ieder-itent xef qama. d wenni d payaṣ. Uryeɣ skutiɣ, ku ijjen iṭṭef raq-nnes nqeṣṣar uca neṭṭeṣ. Aked tfawt n tiwecca zic nufa reẓmen-d xaf-nex tawwurt nnan-aneɣ kkret ad teggem lappil. Sbedden-aneɣ d fila uca jarden-aneɣ (ḥesben-aneɣ).
Wyen-aneɣ-d cwayt n sabun Nnan-aneɣ seyqet axxam serḍet lkanifat. Weyyen-d areyyeq day-s tkummert d tkisut d cubri n zzect am wenni n campun. I mkur ijjen. Wyen-d abeqraj n rqehwa maca war d-wweyyen bu rkisan. Min di ɣa nsu? Nnan-aneɣ rkisan memnue ḍebbarem. Uca iwyi-aneɣ-d tizeyyatin n waman d tinni n kuka xwant ad day-sent nsu. …
tḍeffar
Yura-t: Yuba Ubrayim


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Tenna tamunt Taburtuɣalit n tcamma n uḍar. Belli amirar n tcamma n uḍar Cristiano Ronlado ig ittiraren di Juventus Aṭalyan ileqf-it Kuruna. Tamunt Taburtuɣalit tenna belli lehlak n umirar-a yus-d zegg i das-izwar igga ijjen ttist. Uca ufin ila netta iksi abirus-a amaḍlan.
Tamunt twekked belli amirar wer izemmer ad icrek deg umsagar n tcamma n uḍar di Licbuna i ɣa yilin aked Sswid. Tenna ɛawed ila qa Ronaldo waxxa dag-s Kuruna maca netta qaɛ wer dag-s izumal-nnes. Maca lux aqa-t ibelleɛ x yixef-nnes. Afsar-a n lehlak n Ronaldo yus-d yumayen awerni umi ig icrek deg ijjen umsagar kunṭra i Fransa. Maci ɣir manaya waha, maca qa nnutilat ig iɛlem Ronaldo, umi qqarent CR7, ufin dag-sent abarru n yiwdan ig iksin abirus n Kuruna. S manaya, iger n usari deg Uruppa d umaḍal amen yekmel inḍar s waṭṭas.


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Nnumru n waḥit n tɣuriwin i yellan x beddu n Ddunit.
Zi mani bdan yewdan ad sxedmen alli‑nsen, xewwjen-ten sin (2) n iseqsan. Mayemmi nella? niɣ maynumi? d mamek tebda ddunit-a twalat tamezgarut?. Taycit-nneɣ s lweqt yeɛdan, tebna x wanict-nni i nedder waha.
Melmi netterra sinta ɣer deffar, min yemsaren ɛecra n iseggusa zeggami, niɣ 20, nzemmar a dd-nagem cwayt zi minxef ntteɛqar. Maca min nettettu yujar min neswingam, xelli ɛad d afruri i yetwattun aṭṭas.
13.750.000.000, Ammu i tebda ddunit! 14 milyar n isegg°usa qbel i wass‑a, minxef ɣa tɛeqled, niɣ min ɣa tafed? min ɣa tejjed?! Waxxa amenni, imussnawen, imerzzuten, ifilusufen, ra d ṭṭelba, ttemqetmarn zi mani yebda bnadem itteɛqar x yexf‑nnes yella, ad afen mamek tebda ddunit 14 milyar n iseggusa zeggami?!
Aṭṭas n imudilen i dd-ibanen zi lweqt yeɛdan ar ass‑a. Ass-a a nessiwel x cwayt zi tiẓra/Theories yettwassnen aṭṭas deg yigran n tussna.
Hesiodos, Platon, Tamasiḥit/Tameslemt
Zi qaɛ imexluqen i yellan, Iwdan zemmren ad ilin d nitni waha i ɣer llant tzemmar ad xarsen di tiwecca, ad farnen iḍennat. Walli zemmren waha, maca tteḥwajant. Ad yili d wa yejjin imezwura ad urzun x mamek tebda ddunit. Agriki Hesiodos zeg imezgura yessarsen tmuɣri-nnes di manaya.
Hesiodos yenna awal-nnes 800 n iseggusa qbel i Yeccu Lmasiḥ, yssiwel x mamek arrwina tzemmar ad taru ijjen tesfift n ddunit kulci dag‑s isettef.
400 n iseggusa awarn-as, Platon yeɣra ddunit am ijjen lebni n ixarrisen n tfelsaftt, axarres‑a isiɣi leqrun awarn‑as. Tmeslemt, teqqen ibedduten marra ɣer Wakuc.
Tamasiḥit di Lektub-nnes temsarwas akid‑s Tmeslemt aṭṭas di mamek tebda ddunit. Qqarent belli d Rebbi i ixelqen kulci di 7 niɣ 6 n wussan. Waxxa ttuɣa llan legnus nniḍen yeqqarn belli d iyakucen-nsen ixelqen ddunit, maca ddiyanat n ujenna, merra qqerent belli s ufus/awal n Rebbi.
Taglizt (Tamezgida n Irumiyen) aṭṭas n tzemmer i tegga ḥima ad tessusem tussna n ugama (Nature), ad xaf‑s tessili tanfust‑nnes nettat. Ɛawd din mani nettaf ṭṭelba d imselmen tteggen tizemmer ad qqnen min yurin di lqura’an aked min ttafen imussnawen. Manayenni lebda nettaf tekken‑as‑dd ssa d ssiha waha.
Galileo Galilei
Ict tiẓri teqqar, belli Rebbi wer yexliq ddunit waha, maca ra d akud (lweqt), Rebbi wer yelli amknaw bnadm, Rebbi wer xaf‑s bu lweqt, wer ɣer‑s ca iḍennat d tiwecca d wass‑a, minzi d netta i ten‑ixelqen.
Galilei deg 1630 yewca waha i wexarres‑nnes yeqqarn belli, amaḍal n 3 idiminsyunen (3D), ykarf deg umaḍal n 4D n wakuḍ‑amkan. Bnadem yeddaren ass‑a niɣ rexxu, d iḍennat i dd-t‑yejjin ad yili mamek yella ass-a.
Manaya yixes ad yini, axarres d tmegga n bnadem, d ijjen umsarbu n min yeddar d min yelmed iḍennaḍ, nzemmer ad nessen imal‑nnes, malla nessen amezruy-nnes. Ula d ddunit teṭṭewara ɛla ḥsab mamek tebda, d min day-s yeɛdun, mani teggur yettwassen.
Aduqqeẓ Ameqqran (Big Bang)
Imussnawen d imerzzuten ttwalan belli amaḍal‑a yebda‑dd s uduqqeẓ amezwar. Yemsar qbel i 13,75 Milyar n iseggusa zeggʷami, zzag‑s id ibda kulci. Matiriya (lmadda), amkan, akud, din i dd-banen. Anejbed n wakud (time interval) amezwaru, iḥesseb s wakud n Planck. (Planck‑time) (5,391 x 10-44 s).
Di tfettut‑a tameẓẓyant n sigund, ca n tmeslayt i tuɣa tazzla‑nnes tujar tenni tfawt i yeggin aḍuqqeẓ amezwar, manaya wer dd-ittis akd Tiẓri tamassaɣt n Einstein (theory of relativity). Min yezwaren i wḍuqqeẓ amezgaru, ɛad wer xaf‑s ra d ijjen umsafaq.
Ixef n usinag n Max‑Planck deg Uliman aprufissur Günther Hasinger, yettwala belli aɣraḍ (universe) yus-dd amenni waha (ṣudfa), yettwala illa yezwar Vakuum, lxawi-nni wer yexwi, yeccur s inirji (energy) n weɣraḍ marra. Di ca n imucan ttuɣa ttrisinti tuɛla aṭṭas, cwayt n unhezzi uca yeḍḍuqeẓ.
Maca urid yeqqen tmuɣri n beddu n ddunit da, yettwala belli zemmren ad ilin munen aṭṭas n iḍuqqiẓen deg ict twalat. Ad yili banen-dd aṭṭas n iɣraḍen (universes) nniḍen. Amessnaw n Ufizik Martin Bojowald yesrusa tiẓri n belli qbel i Big‑bang ttuɣa yella ca n weɣraḍ nniḍen, yefsi di wanita n yiḍ-a.
Ijjen tnayen n imussnawen zi Kanada, srusan-dd tiẓri n big‑bang d big Crunsh, qqaren belli Aɣraḍ aqqa-t deg ijjen wunuḍ n unejbed d ukmummec. Ttwalan belli qbel i wḍuqqeẓ‑a ttuɣa din ixubac ibarkanen. Aɣraḍ‑a qa-t ittnejbad, ar ɣa yaweḍ mani ɣa yebda ad ikmummec ɛawd, ar wer day-s yettɣimi walu, ad inneɛdem. Uca ad yebda kulci zi beddu.
Quantum‑Vakuum‑fluktuation n zik!
Tiẓri‑ya tebna x uṣaḍaf (Lqanun) n tiẓri n Quantum (Anict/cḥal) (Afizik n wanict), yettwalan belli asettif amezwaru n matirya yebda-dd zi walu, mani ttuɣa aṭṭas n idiminsyunen n wemkan d lweqt.
Dinni ixḍaren irmeskilen n ugama (constants of Nature ) mamek ɣa ṭewwren. Irmeskilen n mkul aɣraḍ mmarsen bla ma tili settfen, izemmar ad kid‑sen ilin aṭṭas n ibeddilen d ineqliben (fluktuation).
Zi ineqliben‑a (Fluktuation) i dd-yekka weɣraḍ‑nneɣ (universe), s min day-s zi ccuruṭ n tudart.


text:
le rifain
Deg iyuren i yeɛdan tessufeɣ-d tamarat Tarifiyt Btsima Xbiza ittwassnen s yisem n « Siman » ijjen tsemmuḍt n tenfas tiquḍaḍin i d-yessufeɣ wammas n trezzutin d tezrawin Timaziɣin di Arrif, aked ijjen wungal n « Ad texsed » i yura Sifaw Lhanis, d usuɣel n Tmezgunt « taqnuct n wureɣ » i yegga Andic Cahid.
Adlis n « ixemrawen » d tinfas mmernint ɣer drus n yeḍṛisen i d-yeffɣen di ddegg-a n tsekla, i di wer ttarin ca aṭṭas n Irifiyen, « ixemrawen » d ca n tenfas ttekksent tduri x ca n wudmawen zi tudert-nneɣ, x tudert n temɣarin yettwattunt, udmawen-nni min xef ttesqaran iwdan, ttagin ad x-as ssiwlen niɣ ad x-as arin, turem Siman iḍrisen-nnes s ijjen tutlayt tecna, tebna-ten mseqqem, s wawalen msettafen s tcuni, senhzzan ul, scarrawen ilem. Teqqar Siman i « Lerifain » wami tt-nesseqsa x mamec txarres ad tari tinfas-a tina :
« ixemrawen » d ict n tɣuyyit x min di teddarent tḥudriyin d lxezrat i ɣer-sent itteg wegdud i di wer ttifent bu yixf-nnsent, taḥenjirt nettaf-itt lebda tettadar i rray n teqbilt d ddcar, wer tettif mani ɣa tegg awal-nnes jer i ijjen wegdud d awetman.
Lxezrat-a yeḥḥṣaren qqnent ɣer weswingem n yewdan, d mamec ttxarrsen, axarres-nni yegga amecnaw ca n uxmar aqqa-t ɣer-neɣ g uzellif niɣ ittekk-d zdat i tiṭṭawin wer daneɣ-itijji ad nettwala min yeknan.
Aterras mala ɣer-s ijj n wexmar di teɣmert n wexxam lebda tettaf-t itemseksi kid-s, ittwala-t d leɛfen, d lwsex. Amenni ra d lxezrat ig itteg wegdud ɣer temɣart, ixessa ad tent-nessfeḍ s marra tizemmar. Zeg uɣezdis-inu ttwaliɣ tira d ijj zeg ibriden i nzemmer ad neḍfer ḥuma ad nessiweḍ awal niɣ d tɣuyyit-nneɣ. »
Ixemrawen iwtin axmar deg weydud d amnus izdeɣ Siman, tettwala tira d ijjen uklasi n ugenfi, xminni atarras ittɛawad x laṭṭan, issufuɣ-d mayen dag-s illan, ammu das-tegga Siman.
Xminni nessawal x tessmuḍt-a ittas-d ɣer lbal Cukri niɣ d Caca, maca ass-a Irifiyen rebḥen ijjen tmarat teysi stilu ad tessiwel x min xef nitni wer zemmren ad x-as ssiwlen, tenna-d Siman i « lerifain » x usentel n tenfas-nnes belli mayen ittemsaren deg wegdud d tuɛeffna d mamec iḥegger x temɣart, yejji-itt ad x-as tessreɣ tifawin, maḥend aydud ad ittwala ixef-nnes di tisit, zzag-s itnurẓum wazzareg mani nzemmer ad d-nemharwaḍ x manaya s taryazt, bla tiggwdi, tenna Siman:
« Asentel i xef ssiwleɣ g ixemrawen aṭṭaṣ i t-ittwalan d tareẓẓit n ṭṭabu, d ijj zeg isental i xef yella wefrag ixessa wer x-asen nessiwil, maca xmi i ɣa tteslid i « tmeggant» teqqar aqa baba-s yekkerfes x-as d nettat d taḥenjirt d tameẓẓyant, niɣ d « tacicawt » i wumi tettwaterrec tudert s wassaɣ n tɣensa x tɣawsa tamaziɣt d izerfan n ufgan, manaya wer nzemmer ad x-as nesseɣd illa mala necc-a wul-nneɣ, mala d tidet neksi yamnus n tlelli,
am mamec yenna wmara yameqqran Cukri : « nec ddreɣ di tamara zi temẓi, cciɣ zi tzubayin, ikkerfes xaf-i baba aṭṭaṣ s uya wer trajim zzag-i ad arriɣ x nnewwac d tfarttutin d marra min yellan d asebḥan ».
Iqqim ad neydar ila Siman tettwaḥsab zi stilawat i yudrusen di Arrif ig ittarin s Tmaziɣt, ad tt-nerni ɣer Lmerraqi, Lweryaci, Meryami, Aɛrab d Farisi.


text:
Selḍ mi d-uffan talYa tamaynut n unfafad COVID-19, aṭṭas n tmura tirrupiyin i yeYelqen tilisa nsent uk d Legliz. Seg ass n sebt, ruplanat i d-yekkan si tgelda ur zmirent ad kecment tamurt n Hulland, leqrar i deffrent tmura n Ṭelyan d Beljik ass n lḥed sbaḥ. Ama Fransa d Lalman, Yelqent tilisa ula Yef yemdanen d selɛat ama seg ubrid n tmacint, ukerrus, n yillel d igenni, leqrar ara ydumen 48 n swayeɛ.
AneYlaf amezwaru, Boris Johnson, d win ara yillin d asselway Yef unejmaɛ gar irrupiyen, anida ara meslayen Yef wamek a yuYalen wid yettwaḥbsen deg Tgelda, sebba n unfafad Yer timura nsen.


text:
Ḥmed Zahid, zeg iwdan isbedden amezgun amaynu di Arrif. Aṭṭas n yeḍrisen i yura, ttwaxdmen x teflewt n umezgun. Zi tmezgunt-nnes « rezzuɣ di tayyut » ar adlis-a ɣa d-issufeɣ yettwaḥsaben d adlis amezwaru-nnes. Amssufeɣ Arifi Muḥemmed Buzeggu yura x tmezgut-a deg uɣbar-nnes di facebook ila nettat d:
« tamezgunt ɣer daxel i tmezgunt. Tettirar x iceqfan ḥma ad tɛawed timsarin x webrid n ca n tewlafin ttayment-id zeg umezruy« .
Ittban-d deg weɣlaf n udlis ila Zahid yexḍar ad yari s sin isekkilen, Aɛrab d Tfinaɣ.
Ḥmed Zahid, zeg iwdan isbedden amezgun amaynu di Arrif. Aṭṭas n yeḍrisen i yura, ttwaxdmen x teflewt n umezgun. Zi tmezgunt-nnes « rezzuɣ di tayyut » ar adlis-a ɣa d-issufeɣ yettwaḥsaben d adlis amezwaru-nnes. Amssufeɣ Arifi Muḥemmed Buzeggu yura x tmezgut-a deg uɣbar-nnes di facebook ila nettat d:
-
maɣar yeqqim ḥedd i tari Tmaziɣt s usekkil aɛrab!!!!!
Ikumunṭiren


text:
agadVB [agad]
avoir peur, craindre
Flexions agadttagademt ugaden tugadeḍ nagad agademt tettagademt tettagadeḍ yagaden nugad tagademt tagadeḍ ttagadent tettagad ttagadet tugademt agadent tagad agad agadet tettagadem ttagadeɣ ugadent yugad tagadem agadeɣ ttagaden ittagad yugaden tugadem agaden yagad ittagaden ugadeɣ nettagad
Sources agad
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982
Phrases avec le mot agad
D netta i d ameẓyan ; yuyes baba-s, yugad, inteq ɣer gma-s . - A dadda Lḥusin, amek ad nexdem .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]
Ziɣ iddew bu tjellabt iteddu ɣer watmaten-is, nitni hemlen d tarewla, ugaden, ɣillen d amdan i tt-yeddan fell-asen .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]
Niqal nettaǧǧa deg-s asaɣur, taggara nekkes it ula d winna, nugad times .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]
ur ttagademt .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]


text:
Yessufeɣ‑dd umari David Alvarado ijjen udlis iumi yegga izwel « De Abdelkrim a los indignados de Alhucemas ». (Zi Ɛbdelkrim ar aɣewweɣ n Lḥusima).
Yenna Alvardo deg yijjen ubidyu yefsar‑it di Youtube:
« Rif de Abdelkrim a los indignados de Al hoceima ». D ijjen udlis i yessawalen x unhezzi i yettwassnen s lḥirak, aɣewweɣ i yekkren x tfarɣi n leḥkam.
x umeɣrabi iqeḍɛen layas zeg ixarriqen n wawal i das-yettwawcen di tefsut taɛrabt, i wer yiwiḍen ad tessiɣ tfawt x yijjen jjihet ɣer‑s amezruy d twengimt‑nnes weḥd-s. Amezruy n uɣewweɣ, d udafeɛ deg wussan n Ɛebdelkrim, niɣ d aseḥqar deg isegg°usa n iqebbarn 58, 59.
D min xaf‑sen yessek Hassan 2, isegg°usa n wexfif, di jjiht-a i xef tekka tezli, walli manis i dd-ɣa yekk ca. tawwurt n arzeq n jjihet-a, nettat weḥd-s d ,,Lkif d Trabandu d tmenyat n imenneɛraq ». D ijen wedlis di ɣa nefhem amussu Arifi, ɛawed d abrid ittallɣen di Lmeɣrib n wass-a.
Adlis‑a wenni yexsen a t-iɣar, a t-yaf di Amazon s furma Digital, ura di lkiɣeḍ.


text:
Le Rifain
Zegga i tefqed twacunt n Ɛednan mmi-s, tettwafsar tteswirt-nnes deg iraqen n wemsawaḍ anamun. Tugur s deɣya deɣya am tmessi deg ixecxac. wer das ibin later. Alami d aɛecci n wass n jjemɛa 11 cutanbir, i ḥerten ipulisen x yijjen ɣer-s 24 n isegg°usa, deg-s i tt-ggin, belli yenɣa aḥenjir d ameẓyan zegga i das-yegga min wer yeḍbiɛen.
Ijjen ulaɣi yeffeɣ-dd zi ɣer ipulisen n Ayt Makada, yeqqar belli yiweḍ-asen-dd ucetki zeg yijjen twacunt ass n letnayen i yeɛdun, belli ijjen uḥenjir ɣer-s 11 n isegg°usa iweḍḍer, wer ibin. Qbel i ɣa awḍen ɣer ifilan n temsart-a, i yellan d ijjen ɣezzu d ameqqran.
Tarezzut i ggin ipulisen awarn i umi ḍefren ca n usejjel n kamirat n ccariɛ, iwḍen ɣer yijjen uterras ɣer-s 24 n isegg°usa. Iɣerr zeg uḥenjir-nni, yiwy-it ɣer taddart mani yekra, i wer yigg°ijen ca x tzeddiɣt n twacunt n Ɛednan. Yegga-s min wer yeḍbiɛen, waɛliha yiwy-as buḥbel. awarn-as, iruḥ yerra x-as cal bac ad yenfekk zi rrimet-nnes.
Ɣezzu-ya i yettwaggen di Ɛednan yerra-dd ɣer twengimt ɣezzu i yettwaggen di tḥenjirt Ixlas di Azlaf. D waṭṭas n iḥenjiren d imeẓẓyanen i iwyen x yiri-nsen lewḥuc d yisiḍen i yellan di tteswirt n yewdan.


text:
Deg wass n ttlat ak lɛaser, Yewḍa Rayan deg ij n Sunda (anu), tulleɣ 32 mitru, Aqemmum-nnes yiriw 45 sentim. Nhar nni i di yewḍa ggin tizemmar a ɣer-s hwan, aṭṭas n tzemmar, maca sunda-nni teḥsar, wer t-iwiḍen.
Tekker tɣuyyit di dduniyt, Imunen n wemsawaḍ qqaɛ tettari tessawal x min iwiqɛen, rni ɣer-s midya n umaḍal. Cwayt n tseɛɛatin awarn-as, iɛemmed lmexzen ad iɣez adrar-nni zeg uɣezḍis. Bdan-as-dd 150 Mitru n laggwaj, ad ɣzen 32 mitru, as-dd-kken zi swadday, uca a t-idd ssufɣen.
Aseqsi
Zeg uɛecci ttlata ar mani d sseft awerni 21:00, iwyen baba-s d yemma-s ɣer uqemmum n yefri-nni ɣzin, bdan tsewwaren-ten s tnayen n kamirat wer yessin ɛad ḥedd wi tent-yiran, banen-dd ssawalen di ttilifun. Awarn-as, jebden-t-idd. Ɣir ssidfen-t di Bulunsya, ggin-dd lexbar belli yemmut. Belli Ajellid ittɛezza tawacunt-nnes, d wegdud Ameɣrabi amen yekmel.
Marra wi yeḍfaren tḥajit n Rayan iruten waxxa ɛemmars ma iru, maca awarn-as qqimen iseqsan walli wi ten-ɣa-ijemɛen. Qaɛ txes ad tessen, qaɛ tferren, teqqaz x tidet n min yemsarn.
Iwdan yeḍfaren tḥajit n Rayan deg wamunen n wemsawaḍ ttseqsan x man tseɛɛet i yemmut nican, zeg-sen inni itt-ittwalan yeqsaḥ ad yili tettuqar-dd waha, ad tmun tseɛɛet i di t-idd-ssufɣen, aked tseɛɛet nineɣmisen di ttlibizyun n waḥit, min ittejjan iwdan rennin ɛad di ccek, lami ssigwjen marra ijurnalisten x wemkan mani ttuɣa qqazen, jjin din ɣir ij n ujurnalist n 2m, yeggʷej x yefri-nni ktar zi 50 mitru. Mamec zeg wass n lexmis wer jjin la d ijj ad yades aqemmum n sunda, wer dd-nnin la d ijj n lexbar x sseḥḥet n Rayan d mindi yella.
Lmexzen yegga ij n wefray x tidet, yugi ad yessiwel aked ijurnalen d ttribizyun, simana tekmel. Min yejjin ijurnalen ccaten xeṭṭan waha, mkul twalat ad inin qa yeqqim anict uya waha, mkul tseɛɛet qqarn belli qa yewḍen-t. Xmi ttseqsan ca n yijjen zeg yenni ibedden x usenjem n Rayan, iqqar-asen: “qedda n lmitru, qat iterra nnefs”
Irifiyyen sseḥḍaren-dd tḥajit n Ɛimad lɛettabi, d qat iterra nnefs, ggʷden ad yili lmexzen isxarriq x-asen am waṭṭas n twalatin.
Alaɣi
Aṭṭas n Imeɣrabiyyen zeg-sen imeɣnas d ijurnalisten, tettren zi lmexzen ad yaf ufuɣ i wemxumbel n wanuten d waman di lkampawat, qqaren-as “ḥḍa-tt qbel ma ad tejra”. Manaya ssiwlen x-as la di ttribizyunat n midden. Anuten di lmeɣrib qqazen bla rruxsa, bla ḥeṭṭu d lemten. Maḥend wer yettɛiwid manaya, tettren zi lmexzen ad yessiweḍ aman i ledcur yeṭṭurfen, maḥend ataf imezdaɣ wer tteḥwijin bu ad ɣzen ca n wanu. Minzi aman d ij n tesɣart n yewdan marra. Mamec tettren zeg yewdan marra, ad qqnen anuten d sundat iɛerran, minzi Rayan urid d amezwar i yewḍan deg wanu, mara yeqqim Lmeɣrib ammu, wer ittili ca d aneggar.
Zeg ij n uɣeẓḍis-nneɣni, tteren ad tili tɣuni i yenni yennayen x lxedmet n jjurnalism, minzi nnekwet n ssaḥafa, kessin-tet yewdan zi ṭṭerf, wer ttweqqiren lxedmet-a, manaya yerra-s taynit la d aseqqim anamur n ssaḥafa deg ulaɣi yegga ittmenɣa deg-s aked isaḥafiyyen n wantirnit, ittuɣa ittmeɛɛcen x wemnus n lwacun n Rayan, fessren ineɣmisen feryḍen, fsern tteswirt n Rayan amen yella deg wanu. 5 n wussan yeɛdun nqelɛen-dd inni itteggen youtube zi lmeɣrib amen yekmel ad ggen Live, ad ssilyen nnumrawat n yemḍeffarn-nsen. Manaya isxiyyeq aṭṭas n yewdan, i dewlen tettren zi lmexzen ad yegg laḥedd i yeklusa-ya n ttaɛeddu. Muḥemmed Aḥaddad deg ij n tzemmimt di facebook, yenna belli “wer din bu lḥecwet i yemsarn i ssaḥafa deg umezruy-nnes, anict n ubani n yewdan zi ṭṭerf i itteggen ssaḥafa”
Lmewt n Rayan, tzemmar ad tili ij n beddu i waṭṭas n ibeddilen i ɣa yemsarn la di lqanun, la deg wamun, la di lxezrat-nneɣ ɣer wayawya. Nzemmar a nelmed zeg wussan yeɛdun aṭṭas n tmeslayin, a nsegged aṭṭas n tmeslayin. Mala negga-s amen negga i inuriyyen yeɛdun marra, a x-as nessɣed, a nettu. Qa ɛemmas a neḍmeɛ ɛad a nugur ɣer zzat!


text:
Tiweḍ ad tbelleɛ Fransa 22 n tmezgidawin n tɣuri deg waṭṭas n tneddam minzi Kuruna yudef dag-sent. Yenna Jean-Michel Blanquer, awzir n usegmi Afransis belli 22 n tmezgidiwn, 12 zzag-sent aqqa-yent x ucal n Fransa d 10 di tegzirt n la Réunion. Aqqa bellɛent tiwwura-nnsent minzi ufin dag-sent deg imeḥḍaren-nnsent niɣ deg ixeddamen d iselmaden i dag-sent ixeddmen abirus n Kuruna.
Yenna awzir, deg umsawal i yegga tuffut-a n jjemɛa (04/09) i ttelfaza tafransist Europe1. Belli ufin Kuruna di tmezgidiawin n Paris, Lyon, Marseille d Amiens.
Jean-Michel waxxa amenni iwekked ila qa 22 n tmezgdiwin-nni ibellɛent waxxa amenni ttɣimant drus mala nesmqudda-tent aked 60 alef n tmezgidiwin ig illan di Fransa, ig ikessin ca n 12 Melyun n umeḥḍar d Afransis.
Fransa, tzemmem iḍennaḍ ca n sebɛa alaf n iwdan i yuḍnen s Kuruna. Manaya ittejja dag-sen amnus.
Lmuɣrib ula netta yeggur ad yirẓem timezgidawin zegga belleɛent zi 13 Mares i yeɛdan. Azgen ameqqran n lwalidin ixḍaren ad sekken tarwa-nnsen ad raḥen ad ɣren di tmezgidawin. Waxxa amenni qa aqqa-yen ɛessen wer ttuqiɛ ca n tkatastruft. D manaya i tenna ula d tmesmunt tamaḍlant n seḥḥet ig iwcin array-nnes di manaya tenna belli timura wer iqeddent ca ḥsen wer ttriḥen ca imeḥdaren-nnsent ad ɣren di tmezgidawin.


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Iwa labas d bukebbas waha!! D ahardef waha! Melmi dd-ittas di tirja ca n ḥajet wer tecni, dag-s inexliɛen d tudact, tferrḥed xmi i dd‑ttfaqid. Maca iherdifen (turjitin wer yecnin) dinni min umi neffɛent: Ttɛawanent‑aneɣ ad nessufeɣ min xaf‑neɣ ittekken swass n tfeqqaɛ d ixeyyiqen d imenɣan … Mamek qqarn imussnawen. Ca n twalatin alli-nneɣ isselmad‑aneɣ mamek ɣa negg mala nemṣaḍaf aked ca n min wer yecnin di tidet. Mamek ɣa negg ad nḍebbel di tigg°di i daneɣ‑dd-ittasen, ḥima ad nenfekk zeg yemxumbal.
Xmi netteṭṭes, nettadef deg yijjen tmurt wer tt‑nessin. tamurt‑a n tirja nzemmer ad dag‑s nẓer leɛjeb, mamek tzemmer ad kidneɣ dag‑s dd-tedwel tidet. Aṭṭas n twalatin nettfaqa-dd zegga yeɛda min yeɛdan, ittɣima weswingem waha. Maca ca n twalatin nkessi i tirja-nneɣ s wemnus, nettxarres dag‑s mkul ass. Imussnawen wer ssineɣ cḥal nitni rezzun manis i dd‑tettas lḥala‑ya. Min tt‑itteggen di tebyulujit‑nneɣ? Ijjen tɣuri teqqer belli Tirja d adwal ɣer ufaqi i yeɛdan. Nesnufsul zag‑s min yeɛdan n wussan.
Tigg°di deg yiḍes
Virginie Sterpenich zi tesdawit n Genf d ixeddamen kid‑s, ḥḍan alli 18 n yewdan ṭṭṣen, qqnen-ten ɣer ikabliten, ggin‑as axeṭṭet n trisinti i walli (EEG), aked wewzan n trisinti n lmuxx, sfaqan-ten-dd, xeẓẓren mamek ttuɣa ttacan di turjit‑nni. Zag‑s ad ssnen man jjihet deg uzellif i yeḍḍebbaren di tirja, ufin tnayn n imukan d inni i ixeddmen aṭṭas ɣer yewdan yucan s tigg°di. « Insular cortex » d « cingulate cortex »
Mindi sɛijjben? Tnayn nni n imukan ixeddmen x tigg°di di tirja, d inni beɛda i tt‑itteggen di lfiqet. Inuyrunen (Neuron) n Insula ferren tyacit, uca ad cceɛllen xmi ɣa yaca ḥed akd tigg°di. « cingulate cortex » issewjad i lxaṭar, itteg leḥsabat i min dd-yegguren (tarewla, iɣuyyan)
Maca min yeqqnen ca ɣer ca? Tigg°di‑ya di tidet d tirja, mindi ttemsebḍa?
D Alemmud i lfiqet
Ḥima ad rren x iseqsan‑a, ggin ijjen uɛayar (ttejriba) nniḍen, x 89 n yewdan, simanet n tirja ad tent-arin di ca n lektab. Mkul tuffut, min ked ucan di tirja (mala ɛeqlen x-asent). Ɣer uneggar n simanet, ggin‑asen arraḍyu n (fMRT). Ufin inni itturjan turjitin wer cnint yennum kid‑sent lebda tettas‑as-dd tigg°di di tirja, alli-nsen wer yexdim ca anict n yenni i ɣer udrusen iherdifen.
“Am Insula am cingulary Cortex ula d Amygdala ttuɣa-ten wer xeddmen ca s jjehd”, tenna Sterpenich. Ɛawed lweṣt n wezgen n zzat n walli (Prefrontal cortex) ufin-t ixeddem ktar (Azgen‑a xmi nettegg°ed issenqas zi jjehd n tigg°di, ḥima wer xaf‑neɣ tettɣellib.) Imussnawen ttwalan belli tigg°di n tirja d tenni n tidet, qqnent aṭṭas ɣer yijjt d tenniḍen. Tirja d ijjen uselmed i tidet . Sselmadent ddat‑nneɣ mamek ɣa tegg mala yemṣar ca n min yessagg°aden di tidet, ḥima wer ittili utansyu, niɣ ad nedhec, tirja snamant‑aneɣ.
Sxeṣṣaran ca iherdifen‑a?
Ssa ttefɣen di tussna ɣer ddwawat d ttirappi d jdid i yemxumbal n tigg°di. Maca asgenfi s iherdifen, ɣer‑s laḥedd, melmi ttilin iherdifen qesḥen ktar. « Nettwala belli: Xmi ɣa yeɛdu laḥed n tigg°di deg uhardef, ittraḥ jjehd n wesgenfi, irenni lehlak » ‑Sterpenich
Ma d tidet ma lla, aqqa-ten rezzun di manaya: Mamek tegga limart n tirja di tudert‑nneɣ? Izemmer yiḍes a daneɣ-yesselmed tudert n lfiqet? Aqa ataf ad iban.
Tala : Virginie Sterpenich (Universität Genf, Schweiz) et al., Human Brain Mapping, doi: 10.1002/hbm.24843
ɣer ɛawd: Ṭṭhart: Min iqqar ddin d tussna?


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Fadhela Bakouche, yellan seg teɣlamt ay yessuddsen tadyant-a, tenna-d i Tnegga n Yisalan n Zzayer, dakken « aselket n ukeṛmus yezmer ad yalel tiwaculin akken ad rnunt ad rebḥent ugar n yidrimen, ladɣa deg wayen yerzan iɣsan n ukeṛmus yellan d afaris d-yettwassutren deg tesnajya d ushuski ».
Seg yidis-nnes, Arezki Imakhmoukhen, yellan d imzikken deg tedyant-a, yessegza-d i yinerzafen d yimkerrazen, tarrayin tigejdanin n tuẓut n ukeṛmus, yernu yenna-d dakken win ara t-yeskurrzen yezmer ad yeg aya ama akken ad yessenz agummu n yimɣi-a, niɣ ad d-yekkes seg-s iɣsan-nnes ayseg ara d-ssfen azatim.
Daɣ, iḥder n ukeṛmus d win aydeg d-ssuddumen mennaw n yifarisen. Llan wid ay d-yettgen yes-s taclaḍt, am wakken ay tt-ttetten deg seksu. Daɣ, agummu n ukeṛmus ttgen-d yes-s amerkuc, am wakken ay d-ttgen yes-s iẓem.
Tameɣra n ukeṛmus tebda ass n ukwas yezrin yernu ad tfuk ass n usiḍyas. Ta d tameɣra ay yeǧǧan isemmuras ad rzun ɣef yiɣrem n Ssaḥel akken ad ssnen afaris-a d wakk ayen izemren ad yettweg yes-s. I usmekti, iɣrem n Ssaḥel yewwi arraz n yiɣrem azedgan akk deg 2019.


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Andorra
Andorra neɣ Tagelunt n Andorra (s Tkatalant: Principat d'Andorra) akken i tettwasemma daɣen s Tageldunt n iɣzṛawen n Andorra ,[1] (s Tkatalant: Principat de les valls d'Andorra) d tamurt meẓẓiyen ur nejbi ara ɣef yilel tezga-d deg unẓul utrim n Uruppa g tlemmast n idurar n Pirinus. Tettals-itt-id Fṛansa d Spanya. Tajumma n Andorra d tin yewweṭen ar 468 km² ayen i d-tittaǧǧan d awanek wis 6 gar n iwunak meẓẓiyen n Uruppa, zedɣent wazal n 77,243 n imezdaɣ deg useggas n 2019. Tamenrut-is d Andorra la Vella igan d tamenrut yeflalin yakk di Uruppa s 1,023 m sufell n weswir n yilel.[2] Tutlayt tamaddudut n Andorra d Takatalant maca Taspenyult d Tafrensist d tis yettusemasen s tuget
Tageldunt n Andorra tettwasileɣ-d deg useggas n 1278
- ↑ Tasanayt n Funk & Wagnalls 1991
- ↑ tigertilin , tagnewt , d inafagen n Andorra la Vella , Andorra Archived 2018-07-11 at the Wayback Machine


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Tawwart n tmessi niɣ n jahennam di Turkmanistan, tujar xemsin n iseggusa nettat treqq. Maca safi, Gurbanguli Berdimuchamedow amɣar n Turkmanistan yexss as-dd-yawi ttmam. Ad yeqqen axbuc-nni i lebda. Yumar imḍebbarn ad afen mamec tt-ɣa-sxesyen.
Axbuc-a yusa-dd di sseḥra, ttlaɣan-as « tawwart n jahennama », di lweqt n tagduda tasubyit (soviet Union) ttuɣa-t ijebbed aṭṭas n turist. Ɣzin-t ca n imrezzuten d isubyatiyyen deg 1971. Lami ttuɣa qqazen, cuqen di teqcurt n tmurt, uca yeffeɣ-dd senni ugaz n Methan, yegga din axbuc, deg-s 20 mitru n rallaɣ, 70 mitru n tiru.
Maḥend wer dd-iteffeɣ ugaz-nni ad yehlek iwdan, kkren ifehhamen n wakud-nni, ssiɣen-as timessi, di lbal-nsen ad texsi-nnit, ɣer uneggar tsiɣi tḥeddeq wer tbedd. Zi lweqt nni nitni tteggen tizemmar ad tt-sxesyen, maca walu. Deg 2018 beddlen-as isem zi »Tawwart n jahennama« ɣer »Tfawt n Ukarakum« .
Lexxu yettwala arrayes n Turkmanistan belli wer din ca zi tfawt-nnes, timessi-nni deg-s ij n txessart temɣar i tmurt. Tettwessax ajenna waha. Thellek iwdan i zedɣen udsen. Rni x-as ttaḍiyyuɛ n ugaz, wer zemmarn a zeg-s stenfɛen. A taf iwdan n tmurt-nni ad ɛicen mliḥ.


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Asit n Goud.ma Amuɣrabi, yura ijjen artikel x ifassen i ɣer-s ɣer Limarat di Lmuɣrib. Yewwi-d lexbar n twasit n Amɣar n Dubay umi qqaren Al Maktum. Alaḥsab asit-a wa, yeqqar belli twasit n uterras-a ig itteḥkamen di tmurt-nnes, maci amenni waha. Yus-d ḥma ad isegged mayen ismunan tammurt-nnes aked Lmuɣrib. Minzi tnayen-a n tmura wer qqiment ca mliḥ jar-asent qbala.
Yemsar wadaf n Limarat ɣer Lmuɣrib maḥned ad sbedden PJD min ked tettbedda Qaṭar d Turkiya. Minzi iPJDawiyen ttwaḥsaben x « Lixwan ». Qaṭar nettat mani mma tettwala ca n ijjen zi lixwan tettbedda akid-s. Ad nebda zeg Imasriyen ar Ilibiyen yiḍ-a ig ittmenɣan aked Ḥeftar.
Limarat wer tbedd bu ɣer manayenni waha, maca aṭṭas n ineɣmasen, qqaren ila tesɣa ula d aɣemmis n Hespress. Asit-a min ɣer ttadfen aṭṭas n yiwdan maḥend ad ssnen lexbar n tmurt-nnsen. Mamec tbedd aked PAM kunṭra i PJD.
Qaṭar wer teqqim ca txezzer di Limarat waha. Maca la d nettat teḍleq i leflus maḥend ad tseɣ iẓelmaḍen iqawmiyen d ixwanjiyen zzag-sen PJD. Merra manaya maḥend ad ɣer-s yili wemkan-nnes deg wazzareg amuɣrabi. Lmuɣrib ttuɣa ixes ad iṭṭef qabu zi lweṣṭ, maca manaya wer das-icci ca. Imaratiyen d Isaeudiyen tettren zi Lmuɣrib ad kid-sen yili aked uɣezdis-nnes, maca yettrakk°al-asen. Ar danita, aṭṭas n yiwdan tettren zi ddewla-nnsen ad teqḍeɛ aked Ixaljiyen qqae, minzi wer zzag-sen ẓrin ɣir mayen yellan d aɛeffan. Maca apiṭrul d teneɛacin sderɣalent tiṭṭawin.


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Afilem n « Amuriṭani » zi lexdayem n sini i daneɣ-d-ittsewwaren ifeqqusen i yekkin x ineḥbas i ttuɣa yellan di lqecla tabeḥrit Tamarikanit i d-yusin di Guantanamo di Kuba. Ma afilem-a ad yejj limaret-nnes tameqqrant x uswir-a, mala nesmqudda-t aked iflimawen nniḍen i yxedmen x usentel d ij ? D wa d aseqsi i tesrusa Hanna Flint.
Umi ittren zi baryinti n ufilem Ṭaher Raḥim ad igg taberza n ufilem « Amuriṭani » n umessufeɣ Askutlandi Kevin Macdonald. Lxedmet-a i yessawalen x tḥajit n ijjen uterras d anecruf qqaren-as Muḥemmadu Weld Salaḥi i yekkin 14 iseggusa deg webniq n Guantanamo. Bla ma ad as-wcen ca n ttuhmet. Raḥim ila yessen min ssnen qaɛ midden x webniq-a umi issujden lxedmet-a. Netta ila wwḍen-t lexburat d ineqqisen i yessawalen x umsurruf aɛeffan itteggen iɛessasen di lqecla-ya tabeḥrit Tamarikant i d-yusin di Kuba aked inecraf. Maca ɛemmers ma ila yettɣil artista-ya Azzayri-fransis belli « ijjen ddewla amecnaw Marikan ad tejj lɛesker-nnes ad msurrufen aked iwdan amecnaw s tebridt-a ».
Zegga ig isinya x kunṭra n ufilem, ig ittbeddan x tektayin n Weld Salaḥi umi igg isem « Tiktayin n Guantanamo », ibda ittbeqqec x ineɣmisen nniḍen, da kulci ibeddel. Deg ijjen wawal yenna-t i BBC, Raḥim yenna : « ɣriɣ asinaryu, ɣriɣ ula d iktayen, ẓriɣ idukumentariyen, ssiwleɣ aked Muḥemmadu (Weld Salaḥi) s ixef-nnes, ssa i yufiɣ belli ixess-ayi ad cerkeɣ deg ufilem. Maca ttuɣa xeyyqeɣ, mmerɣaɣ, minzi ssneɣ ila ta d ijjen tḥajit tuqeɛ s tidet ».
Qbel ma ad yemsar usugi n Cutenbar 2001, ttuɣa afilem yettwassnen x webniq n Guantanamo, netta d afilem n « ca n yergazen isebḥanen » i yettwafsaren deg useggas n 1992. Taberza n ufilem, i yellan d ijjen ddrama d tazerfant tettwaksi-d zi tmezgunt n Aaron Sorkin, yegg-itt Tom Cruise, Demi Moore d Kevin Bacon. Isebkbaren-a iraren tilalt n ibuɣawen d iɛeskariyen ttemḥizwaren jar-asen x ijjen tɣawsa i yellan jer ifassen n tezreft taɛeskrit deg Umarikan. Dag-s tnayen n Marinez wcin-asen ttuhmet belli nɣin ij n umeddukkel-nnsen di lqecla-ya tabeḥrit.
Zeg wami i yerra amɣar n Umarikan George Walker Bush, lqecla-ya d amcan i ɣa isekka iwdan i di cekken ila ggin ifassen-nnsen deg usugi n Cutenbar 2001. Tedwel lqecla-ya ssawalen x-as, ttemherwaḍen x man-t tizemmar i ixess ad ilint jar ifassen n iɛeskriyen Imarikaniyen.
Amxumel n umessenejm Acemlal
Afilem yessawal x min ikkin x « Weld Salaḥi ». Zi tmurt-nnes Muriṭaniya, yettwaṭṭef tnayen n iyuren awerni i usugi n Cutenbar 2001. Nnan-as belli netta ixeddem i Lqaɛida, qbel ma ad immutti ɣer Guantanamo. Deg ufilem-a wa, immal-aneɣ-d ula udmawen n lqadiyat (lqadi) d ayt izerfan deg Umarikan. La yinni iɛawnen argaz-a la inni i das-ibedden deg wudem-nnes. Nettwala tabuɣawt-nnes Nancy Hollander (Jodie Foster) i yettemkabaren bac ad yeksi Weld Salaḥi tilelli-nnes. Mamec nettwala ula akulunil Stuart Couch (Benedict Cumberbatch) i yeggin tizemmar-nnes bac ad iɛdem Weld Salaḥi, ar mani i d-banent timeslayin nniḍen.
Waxxa inni ixedmen afilem-a, mmlin-d tilalt (rôle) tameqqrant n isekbaren icemlalen n telmect. Maca wer dasen-jjin ca n wemkan d ameqqran deg ufilem, wenni iggin ddizayen i ufilem Michael Carlin yenna i BBC « Aṭṭas n isekbaren, ttexsen ad ggen kṭer zi tilalt-nnsen. Maca maci ammu i yuqeɛ deg ufilem-a. Isekbaren wer ggin bu ca n lḥajet maḥend ad ffren tḥajit n Muḥemmadu. Minzi d tḥajit-a i ten-yejjin ad d-asen ɣer ufilem. Maci d ttmenyat i ten-d-iwwin ».
Weld Salḥi, ttuɣa wcin-as ttuhmet belli netta d imsewwef (terroriste). Minzi deg ijjen lweqt ila ittbedda aked Lqaɛida. Umi Isuviyatiyen ṭṭfen Afɣanistan. Zegga ikka aṭṭas n iseggusa d netta tweddaben-t deg webniq n Guantanamo. Tɛawen-it tabuɣawt Hollander ḥuma ad yeṭṭef ijjen lḥukem. Axmi zeɛma netta aqqa-t d anecruf berra i lqanun, zeg uɣezdis Amarikan. Waxxa amenni, iqqim di leḥbes iseggusa nniḍen, ar mani i das-d-rxun deg useggas n 2016. Weld Salaḥi, igga ttiqqet-nnes deg umessufeɣ Macdonald ḥuma ad day-s isseɛda min x-as ikkin d ifeqqusen. D netta i d-issufɣen afilem n « Ajellid ameggaru n Skutland ». I yellan d afilem d utubyugraf, dag-s i yessiwel x tudert n arrayes Awgandi Ɛaydi Amin.
Di min iqqnen ɣer tira n usinaryu, ibedd umessufeɣ x iktayen (les mémoires) n Weld Salaḥi. Ibedd umssufeɣ x unekruf s ixef-nnes. Ameggaru-ya d netta ig iwcin tiwessaf n leḥbes mani ttuɣa ig ittawa di Guantanamo. Issxdem arrimet-nnes ḥuma ad iwwec leɛbar n texxamt-nnes. Min iwcin ijjen uxarres i yenni iggin afilem. Maḥend ad bnan ijjen leḥbes am wenni i yesseɛda di Cap Town deg Yeffus n Tefrikt.
Afilem n Tebnadmit
Inni i yeggin afilem ttuɣa wer xsen bu ad sewwren Weld Salaḥi d nitni ssenqasen zi tebnadmit-nnes. Waxxa afilem n « Amuriṭani » ittic-aneɣ-d ij ufuṭu x min yekkin x baryinti-nneɣ di Guantanamo. Maca ɣir ad bdan deg uweddeb-nnes, kamira ttuɣa tetterra-aneɣ ɣer temẓi-nnes qbel ma ad t-ṭṭfen.
Carlin yeqqar belli « ɣir ad tebdid ad tweddbed ḥedd, imeẓran wer ttɣimin ttbeddan akid-s. Wer nxes ca a nesnum ixef-nneɣ d neccin nxezzer deg uweddeb ». S uya, xsen ad d-rren temẓi-nnes di lweqt n uweddeb, minzi ttuɣa xsen zzag-neɣ neccin ad t-nettwala d bnadem.
Rahim, ttuɣa yekka ca n wussan d netta itteddukkul aked Weld Salaḥi, maḥend ad yefhem amezwaru ameggaru. Rahim yeqqar belli ca n twalatin yuca aked yiman-nnes ila netta d afɣul. Alaḥsab ca n markat n iseqsan i x-as issers. Zeɛma maḥend ad t-issen s lallaɣ, x mamec iḍeḥḥek, tebridt n i zi d-itterra x iseqsan. Manaya iɛawen Rahim ḥuma imettel mliḥ.
ɣer ɛawed : Amẓiwen – Monsters: Film n Aksel Rifman


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D tanaɣit, d tanaɣit waha, anict i yemɣer Arif, yemɣer‑aneɣ deg wul kṭer. Yemɣer al mani yedwel wul‑nneɣ wer izemmer ad t‑yeksi. Wer izemmer a zzag‑s t‑nekkes. Amnus d wenni waha lebda, amnus n Urifi, wer yecqi iḥedd mani ittili. Inni ixelqen di Dyaspura dag‑sen amnus ad ssnen Arif‑nsen mamek yegga, ttweḥḥcen‑t, itteffeɣ‑dd dag‑sen mkul anebdu. Waxxa wer ten‑yeqqin aked tmurt‑a ɣir idammen, d cwayt n Tmaziɣt terreẓ.
Inni di Arif dag‑sen amnus n mamek zzag‑s ɣa ffɣen, manis ɣa kken, cḥal yegga webrid, lebḥer ma yhaj ma yersa…!
minzi xsen ad rewlen inni n daxel. Ttwalan‑t yenni n barra d lwiz.
Mayemmi?
Mxumblent tyakitin am ca n tcuret n uppilun deg ufus n mmi-s n ca n ubeḥri. Yenna‑as ijjen i xali‑s i das-yeqqaren, qa wa da ca deg Ulanda‑ya: Rewweḥ‑dd a nembeddal, ad tessned mani wer yelli ca s tidet.
Zegga sseɛdiɣ iseggusa ɛlayen d 10 barra i Arif, xenni bdiɣ ad ssneɣ minzi ttacan Irifiyyen n Dyaspura, mayemmi mkul anebdu tettnekkar dag‑sen tmessi. Maca martayn n min da sseɛdiɣ, i sseɛduɣ di Arif, temẓi-inu tekmel rni xaf‑s cwayt. Ar mani ssneɣ minzi ttetliɛen tarwa n tmurt‑inu, ad yili d manayenni i zi telɛeɣ la d nnec.
Ula d tudert deg wamunen irasmaliyyen, tegga am tcurt‑nni n uppilun. Temxumbel aṭṭas. Di temzi ɛemmer‑s ma iwḍeɣ ad tt‑fekkeɣ bla ma qesseɣ‑tt. Aqesses‑nni, dwenni i ittejjan Irifiyyen n barra, mkul aseggʷas ad ɛelfen ɣer Arif. Melmi tettadfed di tudert tarasmalit, tɣerrqed dag‑s ar iri; ad txedmed, ad tɛiced, ad tegged tinɛacin, maca lexlas urid d tinɛacin waha, la d tibratin. Min tetteslid zeg yenni d yezwaren da, d tidet, « Fakturat, Fakturat, Fakturat ». Lḥess n xmi treẓẓmed ssenduq n tebratin, itterjiji kid‑s wul, tesḥissifed min din ɣa tafed twalat‑a. Ca n webrusi, niɣ ca n faktura tettud‑tet, niɣ d ca leɛjeb, aweddi ɣir wer tettili tebrat d tazegzawt (pulisiya) niɣ d tawraɣt waha (lfusina).
Manaya wenni yeddren di Arif wer t‑yettwili, ad yili minzi wer x‑as ssiwilen merra inni ittrewḥen deg unebdu. Maca ttwalan mindi llan nitni wer t‑yettwili wenni iẓerren Arif char deg usegg°as, Misirya, ẓẓleḍ, ttkerfiz … Tallest!
Arif n unebdu ɛemmers wer ittili d wenni n tyarẓa niɣ tefsut, Arif n unebdu ittili irewwej, dag‑s tinɛacin, iwdan ca iɛic aked ca, maca xmi ɣa ugurent talawin‑nni n ttmenyat, xenni ad yebda lazaɣ n tidet, ad tebda tudert n tidet. Ataf tetteslid ɣir « walu, lxedmet walu, seppitar walu … »
Min ittwala di Arif wenni yeddren barra i Arif?
Tudrin wer ɣer‑sent bu ssnadeq n tebratin, dag‑sent ttasiɛ, jjiran ɣer‑sen tadyulujit d ddin am netta, leswaq dag‑sen zi mkul min das-itteɛjiben, leḥwayej rexsen mala tessemquddid min sekkʷan aked Uruppa, arrwina d lfuda manima txezred, iwdan ddren bla lqanun, lqanun yettwaḥsaben itteg tqinebt waha i wegdud. Qaɛ nxes lqanun d usistim yecna, maca lebda lebda, yessufa azellif.
Min ittwala wenni yeddren di Arif xminni ixeẓẓer ɣer Urupa?
Tamurt n lqanun, Tinɛacin bla tamara, lxedmet yewta zag-s wenẓer, ccan i yewdan d tewdanit, d ij n tewwurt a zag‑s yessufeɣ lwacun‑nnes zi misirya!
Tacurt‑nni n upilun waqila ad tenfekk s uqesses waha!


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« Lla d lla, wah d wah! », « lla wer ɣer-s bu unewwer (uɛennab) », iwaren‑a gmiɣ‑dd kid‑sen, ttesliɣ‑ten di yemma di. Xelli urid zi yemma waha, ra zi temɣarin nniḍen. As-tinid zi temɣarin waha. Yargazen am axmi wer ten-tecqi tidet.
Dinni tlata n wawalen i xef nbenna ass‑nneɣ, mkul ijjen d abrid-nnes:
- Asɣun n tidet d azegrar.
- Timenna n tidet ɛemmers ad zzag‑sent tawḍed.
- Wenni yeqqarn tidet d nniyet waha.
Aṭṭas n trezzutin d tɣuriwin n tṣuṣyulujit d tepsikulujit iwḍent belli, iwdan di tudert di lweṣt n wegdud wer ttiwḍen mani xsen mala nnan tidet. Jer 50 d 100 n ixarriqen i d-ttawyen iwdan deg wass. Ca n imerezzuten di Ustraliyyen smunen‑dd iceṭṭiḥen iqqaren yewdan aṭṭas deg wass. ferzen‑ten x yargazen d temɣarin.
Am yargazen am temɣarin, sennej i lista dinni « I am Fine » (Aqqa-ayi mliḥ). Mayemmi ɣa nini s tidet mamek nella? mayen umi ɣer negg amnus deg iwdan ixf nɛizz, ad dasen-neccur azellif s ixumbal‑nneɣ baṭel. Melmi cem/k ittseqsa ca n yejjen « Mamek tellid? », wer ixes ad isel: « Cwayt waha, ɣer‑i imxumbal di taddart, tinɛacin qḍant, iḥenjan ….!« . Suyenni « Mliḥ« , « am lebda », « Ddenya tehna ». Urid d ca n uxarriq d ameqqran, d ṣṣwab waha!
I yenni n tnaɣit mamec nsen?
Llant ca n twalatin melmi attarras ittexs wer d iɣeṭṭer tiẓeɣwin s tidt x izellifen n yewdan i t‑yudsen. Bla ma nixḍer‑dd ca zi min yullɣen, ad neqqim ɣir jer tmeddukal d imeddukal. « Mamec d xaf-i d-yusa wemcaḍ-a »?. Udem n uqedduḥ, ad t/yini: « tbehdel‑icek/icem, wer teqqimed tettbaned tecnid ». Maca udem di llan idammen: « tecna, maca din min xa‑m/k d ittasen kṭer », yemken twalat nniḍen ad raḥen jmiɛ ɣer uḥeffaf/kwaffura, ad mcawaren x wemcaḍ!
Mani nettaf ixarriqen ɛawed ttiraren fuleɛleɛ, deg umuni, d tɣuni n tayri. » Tbanid tecnid »,waxxa ɣer‑s ɣa yili timeqyasin ttiberkanin x tittawin. Maca nesxarriq, ḥima wer itteqqes lḥal, niɣ ḥima ad neɛdel lxaḍer i wi nettxess. Maca wi i dd‑tṣaqaren tiɛeddurin: am « yemma tehlak » « ad raḥeɣ ɣa weḍbib » « ad raḥeɣ ɣa leɛzat », Ḥima ad yerwel zeg ufuɣ. Wenni ɣer‑s aṭṭas n yemxumbal: amezgaru d ccmat/(t)magwad(t) walu ɣer‑s tiseqdar i zi ɣa yfekk imxumbal‑nnes. Wiss tnayn, izemmer ad ittwafḍeḥ, ad yerni lɣerqet x tenni di yella.
Itxessa ad nessen maymmi wer neqqer tidet, d min d itaryen mala wer tt‑nenni. Ma nettcettiḥ ḥima wer nɣeṭṭer ifadden i yewdan i nettxess, qa tsemman d ixarriqen n ṣṣwab. Mala ad yezmen melmi ɣa ttwafeḍḥen, niɣ ad rnin lɣerqet x i yemxumbal xef netceṭṭiḥ, itxessa ad‑asen n aggwej.
« maca qa ixarriqen ḥaram ! »
Ɣer ɛawd:


text:
« Aselway n tegduda, Mass Abdelmadjid Tebboune, yeṭṭef-d, ass-a, tiɣri tansawalt sɣur gma-s Kais Saied, aselway n Tegduda Tatunsit, tamurt taweltmat, d tin aydeg ay t-iɛezza, s yisem-nnes udmawan d yisem n uɣref atunsi agmat, seg wul lqayen, ɣef teɣtas n tmessiwin ay d-yellan deg kra n twilayin n tmurt, yernu iwekked-as-d tamsetlelt d udhal n Tunes, tamurt taweltmat, ɣer yidis n Zzayer deg tegnit-a d umuteg n tmurt-nnes akken ad talel Zzayer », ɣef wakken ay d-yenna ulɣu-a.
Seg yidis-nnes, « yesnemmer uselway n tegduda gma-s aselway Kais Saied, akked akk aɣref atunsi agmat ɣef usenfali-a n temsetlelt d tegmat, yernu yeckeṛ-d talqayt n wassaɣen n tegmat icerken sin-a n yiɣerfan aytmaten », ɣef wakken ay d-yerna ulɣu-a.


text:
Deg talit anda askasi ɣef tasriḍtin d win d‑yettuɣalen yal tikkelt deg tmetti n tmura-agi timasiḥiyin am tmurt n Fransa anda awal yettezzi-d di taggara-agi ɣef wawalen n tmeɣnast n ukabar n tama tayeffust tamṭarfit Massa Marine le Pen. D tin yebɣan ad teṭṭef taselwit n ukabar-agi iwaken ad tesbed iman-is ɣer tefraniyin n tselwit deg 2012 deg tmurt-agi. Tenna-d d akken inselmen i yettẓalan beṛṛa n Ljamaɛ, deg ubrid, cban ɣer twaṭṭfa-nsen n wakal, d izenqqan deg temdinin n fransa. Neɣ am usarag i d‑yellan deg Lpari ass 18 dujenbir 2010 mgal tisneslemt n Turuft, tama yessawalen i tnekkit tafransist, anda imeɣnas-is ussan-d si yal tama seg turuft ttɛeggiḍen d akken tineslemt ttin i ttgezzin tabraɣsant d wazalen n tɣerma tarufit.
Ass-a nettwali d akken cwal ger tesriḍtin di ddunit izad nezzeh u d win i d‑yessekfalen lgirrat-nni n zik ger tesriḍtin.
Ula ɣer inselmen imṭṭarfa ixedmen tixazabiyin d tinɣi s yisem n ddin: twalam akk d acu texdem tneslemt taderɣalt tamṭṭarfit deg tmurt n Ldzayer deg iseggasen n idamen.
Iseggasen-agi ineggura n ẓer tidyanin i d‑yessebganen iɣisi ger tesriḍtin-agi. Amdya ,tira ɣef iẓekwan ama si tama n inselmen, udayen neɣ imasiḥiyen, neɣ tamsirit i d‑yettilin s wudem n ddin i d‑yettilin ɣef iminigen di tmura n turuft, tafriqt …atg
Amedya‑nniḍen di tmurt n Ldzayer anda adabu ajazri s tmaccinin-ines ixebcen sya d sya, am teɣdemt war azref d lsas.
Di smana yezrin tsersed tugdi deg imasiḥiyen deg tmurt n iqbayliyen, anda ur tquder ara azref-nsen d wayen is iyumnen. 4 imasiḥiyen i skeccmen ɣer silul di tama Larbɛa N At Yiraten axaṭar imdanen-nni erra-n ixxamen-nnsen d adeg n tesriḍt tamasiḥit mebla ttesriḥ.
Ma neẓra d akken tamurt n iqbayliyen ur teḥwaǧ ara ttesriḥ neɣ ačiwer sɣur adabu amesbaṭli aya d ayen i d‑wekden imeɣnasen n umussu n timanit i tmurt iqbayliyen i yellan ɣer tama imeḥbas-nni. U d wid i d‑ibegnen lɣiḍ‑nsen ɣef lḥers i d‑yersen fella-sen. Aya neslat deg wawalen-nsen i d‑yeqqaren d akken tamurt n iqbayliyen ttin i d-yedren acḥal leqrun‑aya deg tugdudt d tebraɣsant d uqader n yal amdan d wayen i s iyumen .
Ihi ass-a tubẓa n imdanen‑agi ttin i d-ibegnen d akken ulac tilelli n wefran d wawal, d izerfan n wemdan di tmurt.
Agdud aqbayli d win yessawalen ɣer tegmatt ger tesriḍtin d yegduden di yal tamnaṭ di ddunit.
Awi yuffan imdanen neɣ imussnawen n ddin n tmetti di yal tama ad heggin timliliyen n tegmatt, wa ad mmeslayen ɣef cwalat d temsirit ger lejnas d tesriḍtin deg umaḍal. D usejhed n tegmatt ger yegduden s tririt n izrefan i wegdud yettwaḥeqren ad awi-n tilelli-nsen.


text:
Tasut tis 20
Iseggasen 1900 | Iseggasen 1910 | Iseggasen 1920 | Iseggasen 1930 | Iseggasen 1940
Iseggasen 1950 | Iseggasen 1960 | Iseggasen 1970 | Iseggasen 1980 | Iseggasen 1990
Tasut tis 20 d talit n wakud i y-sentayen (i beddun) seg wass n 1 yennayer 1901 tettfakka ass n 31 dujamber 2000. Tasut tis 20 d tallit yeččuren d inelfuyen (ineḍruyen) imazrayen am umsenɣi amadalan amezwaru d wis sin. Yakk d tneflit meqqren n illalen n umesni d usiwel. S umata, tasut tis 20 tella d tallit anda teǧǧuǧǧeg teknussna
Inelfuyen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Tanekra n umsenɣi Aliban-Aṭelyan aseggas n 1911
- Tamsetna tafṛensist ɣef Umeṛṛuk aseggas n 1912
- Tanekra n umsenɣi amadalan amenzu deg useggas n 1914 ayen i d-yeglan s uɣelluy n umenkud awetman aseggas n 1923
- Anuɣ n Gallipoli gar n 1915 d 1916
- Tagrawla n tuber di tmurt n Rusya aseggas n 1917
- Azarug n Afɣanistan 1919
- Tamyaqqant n Versailles deg wass n 28 yunyu 1919
- Tanekra n umsenɣi amadlan wis sin aseggas n 1939
- Azarug n Lubnan aseggas n 1943
- Azarug n Surya aseggas n 1946
- Azarug n Urdun aseggas n 1946
- Tanekra n umsenɣ n 1948 gar n iserɣinen d Israyel
- Tanekra n umsenɣi n Kurya aseggas n 1950
- Azarug n Libya aseggas n 1951
- Tanekra n tegrawla n 1952 di Miẓran
- Tanekra n umsenɣi asemmaṭ gar n Iwunak Yeddukklen n Marikan d tiddukla n Suvyit deg useggas n 1954
- Tanekra n tagrawla taslullit n Lezzayer aseggas n 1954
- Azarug n Sudan deg 1956
- Tazɣint n Sswis deg 1956
- Azarug n Tunes d Umeṛṛuk aseggas n 1956
- Tanekra n umsenɣi n Vietnam deg 1957
- Azarug n Lekwit deg 1961
- Azarug n Lezzayer ass n 5 yulyu 1962
- Amsenɣi n sdis n wussan gar Israyel d iserɣinen
- Tanekra n umsenɣi n tuber 1973 gar n Miẓran d Surya seg tama, Yakk d Israyel seg tama n iden
- Amsenɣi aɣarim n Lubnan deg 1975
- Tikli tazegzawt ass n 6 wamber 1975
- Tafsut n imaziɣen ass n 20 yebrir 1980
- Amsenɣi n Iṛan-Iraq deg 1980
- Tanegzart n Hama deg 1982
- Azarug n Brunei aseggas n 1984
- Tanekra n terawla n yizṛa tamenzut deg Falesṭin aseggas n 1987
- Amsenɣi n uslallu aseggas n 1990
- Aɣelluy n Teddukla n Suvyit ass n 26 dujamber 1991
- Asekker wis sin aseggas n 2000


text:
Aɣyay abelkam
Aɣyay d amur alemmas n ubelkim anda i tezzenẓay deg-s tkura n ubelkim akken i d-ittnulfa degs wamur meqqren n takura-ines seg yipṛutunen ilawen n taggat tazarurant d yinyutrunen yemgadan deg taggat, i wakken ad yili weɣyay s unalkam d ilaw n taggat, ma d taggat n iprutunen tilawt deg umḍan tegda taggat n iliktṛunen ibawen, ayen yettaǧǧan abelkim ad yili yemgada deg tazrura.
Akdu n weɣyay iga gar n 1,75 fm (1.75×10−15 m) i uhidṛujin (ayen yegdan aqqaṛ n yiwen n upṛutun) alamma d 15 fm i yibelkimen imeqqranen n tkura am uranium. Iseggiwen-a meẓẓiy-it s waṭas ɣef wakdu n ubelkim (s wazal n 23 000 n tikkal i wuranium d 145 000 n tikkal i uhidṛujin).
Afurk n tfizikt i d-yelhan s tezrawt d tigzi n weɣyay n ubelkim s wayen yellan deg tsuddest-ines yettusemma s tfizikt tabelkamt.


text:
Yelli ugezdu n tutlayt d yidles amaziɣ n tesdawit Mulud Mɛemmeri n Tizi Uzzu, timsizzelt n duktura i useggas-a n 2019, di tlata n tuzzigin-a yellan deg-s: tasekla, tasnilest akked tɣerma. 17 n yimukan i yellan aseggas-a, 4 deg-sen n tuzzigt n tutlayt d tɣerma, yeqqaren di taɣult n tesnalsit (anthropologie) n tgemmi d yidles amaziɣ. Imazwaren n tuzzigt-a, ad ttwaskeyden deg tesnalist tamatut d tesnalsit n tgemmi tamaziɣt. 4 n yimukan-nniḍen, ttunefken i tuzzigt n tutlayt d tsekla yeqqaren di taɣult n tsekla tamaziɣt. Ad ttwaskeyden yisdawanen n tuzzigt deg tiẓri n tsekla d tsekla tamaziɣt.
Ma d tuzzigt n tesnilest d tusnalmudt, d nettat i yewwin amur ameqqran n yimukan s 9 n yimeḍqan. Tlata deg-sen n taɣult n tezrawin tisnalsiyin timaziɣin, tlata-nniḍen n taɣult n tutlayt, tanḍawit d usmuken (aménagement) ma d tlata ineggura n taɣult n tusnalmudt d tutlayt tamaziɣt. Ayen yezdin talata-a n taɣulin, d akayad n tesnilest tamaziɣt, ma d ayen i t-yessemgarden d akayad n tesnawalt i icerken snat-nni n taɣulin timenza, ma d taneggarut-nni d akayad n tusnalmudt ara yilin deg umkan-is. Ad tili temsizzet-a ass n ssebt, 02 unbir 2019, ɣer tmeddit n wass, di tesdawit n Tizi Uzzu. Akayad amenzu ad yili si 13h00 ar 14h30, ma d wis sin si 15h00 ar 17h00.
Ass-agi n letnayen, 23 cutember 2019, i tessuli tallit n ujerred i yebdan ass n 15 deg waggur-a ideg nella. Am wakken diɣ, 3 n yigezda n tutlayt tamaziɣt, yellan di Bgayet d Tubiert akked Tbatent, heggant-d timsizzliyin n duktura i useggas-a n 2019. Deg ugezdu n tmaziɣt n Bgayet, llan 8 n yimukan; 4 n tuzzigt n tsekla wiyaḍ n tesnilest. Ma deg ugezdu n tmaziɣt n Tubiret, ala 6 n yimukan i yellan, yerna n tuzzigt n tsekla kan, 3 n yimukan n taɣult n tsekla tamaziɣt 3 wiyaḍ n tsekla n tisugna. Ula d agezdu n tmaziɣt n Tbatent, tella temsizzelt-a n duktura i tikkelt tamezwarut, imi melmi kan yelli ugezdu-a tiwwura-s. 15 n yimukan i yellan, 5 n tesnilest, 5 n tsekla akked 5 n tesnalsit. Ɣer taggara ad d-nesmekti belli timsizzelt n duktura deg ugezdu n tmaziɣt n Tubiret, ad tili ass n, 28 tuber 2019.
Adaoun Abdelghani


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Amsawal-a ggiɣ-t akked Yemma d weltma, yessi-s n ddcar n Yecniwen, ijten tlul deg 1936 wiss tnayen deg 1957. Iffeɣ-dd d akemmel i umegraḍ « rogations pour la pluie » n Salem Chaker d Meftaha Ameur i dd-iffɣen di l’encyclopédie berbère. Wi yexsen a t-iɣer, a ɣer-s yaf abrid swadday.
Melmi i ttettaremt anẓar ?
Xmi dd-ttas tzawa, wer ittili bu wenẓar, anuten neqqsen zeg-sen waman, talawin ttazɣent, iɣzar ameqran wer deg-s ttɣimin bu waman, iwdan wer zemren ad kerzen tamurt.
Wi yetteggen aberreḥ bac ad tettrent anẓar ?
Xmi ɣa raḥent ad ayment temɣarin timeqqranin n merra ledcur uca ad inint iwa ini zi jjihet-nnem aqqa tiwecca a neffeɣ a netter anẓar. icten zeg Ibujeṭṭuyen,icten zeg it Brahem, icten zeg it Ɛezza, icten zeg Ihrawiyen, icten zeg Ibusliman. Iwdan lla teslan ɣer wayyawya.
Iwa min tteggent qaɛ xmi ttettarent anẓar ?
Nkessi-d taḍerraḥt n tyennurt d tameqqrant, d tazegrart, anict n bnadem, netteg-as ifassen s iɣenjayen, nettcedda-ten s tesfast ( tabyast n taḍuft), nettegg-as aɣembub s tḍerraḥt-nni, taḍerraḥt-nni ɣer-s aɣembub am teknift n weɣrum, ttirḍent-as taqendurt, tettsaqar-dd am tḥenjirt, bekksent-as abyas, tteggent-as tahinat, tteggent-as iḥmilen, tteggent-as iɣenjayen-nni ijjen ammu ijjen ammu, ttwaḍhan-dd am ifassen.
Wi tt-ikessin ?
Ttixdaren ca n temɣart d tameqqrant tkessi taḍerraḥt-nni, axmi ɣa yawḍen ɣer tmezgida niɣ ca n wemkan nneɣni, xmi dd-neddakk°al, ttɣiman ttruccan-aneɣ-dd s waman merra zi tzeɣwin n tudrin . Malla dinni ca uḥenjir niɣ ca n tḥenjirt yemmut-as baba-s niɣ d yemma-s a t-ssrun. Neggur nettawi-dd izlan.
Mayemmi i t-ssrun ?
Timɣarin timeqqranin ttamṛent iḥenjiren imeẓẓyanen , tggen-as tiselqab niɣ ca n ḥaja ammu, tɣiman nebbcen-t ḥama iru, ar ḥama iru uca qqaren-as aqqa d lɛada-nneɣ, a t-ssesqant temɣarin, a das-inint axmi ɣa negg aḥelḥul a dak-newc taḍart uyaẓid, axmi ɣa kemmren.
Ssrun agujil ḥma ad yewwet wenẓar.
Ssrun ayujil ḥma ad iru ujenna s waman n wenẓar
Manis i tettekkent ? wi yettraḥen ? ma timɣarin waha ?
Lla ttraḥen ihimulen, kter zi xmi yettmetta ḥedd, uca timɣarin timeqqranin ad izwirent, a tent-idd-ḍefren iḥenjiren d tḥenjirin, mala yeṭmenɣa ḥed ad traḥ ca n temɣart di lwest-nsen ḥma ad taf wer ittmenɣi ḥed, wer itteg ḥed ssḍeɛ. Lla tmunen iwdan merra s yergazen d temɣarin.
Nettraḥ telt yam, nettraḥ sidi Lḥaj Mḥemmed, nettraḥ ɣer tmezida nha wiss telt yam ntteg aḥelḥul deg umrabeḍ. Nettawi-dd takemmict takemmict n waren a dd-nawi cwayt i ḥed n zzit, ad xzarent tenni ɣer yella ca uyaẓiḍ, a daneɣ-t-tewc, ad fetlent aḥelḥul a t-senwent deg umrabed.
Min lla teqqarent deg izlan-nni ?
A Rebbi waḥemna ! s waman n wenẓar
Ay anẓar ay anẓar, ittragaben ittragab-dd
Lxux ad ittnewwir, rremman itḥebbib-dd
Aɣenja ittemliliḥ, rebbi serwa-tt mliḥ
Imendi aqqa yuzeɣ, ma (a)baw iwḍa-s nnwir
ɣittna ɣittna yallah ! d anẓar incaɛellah !
A sidi ssayeḥ, anẓar ad iseyyeḥ
aya sidi Rebbi i yettrebban imendi
ittegg-as afud n teydirt, iɛeddel-as abeddi
aɣenja ittettar bazin, anẓar yekka-dd Buɛwin
I xmi ttkemmal telt yam-nni malla wer yewti wenẓar, min tteggent ?
Ɣer a nkemmel aḥerḥur-nni uca ittili yewta wenẓar
Mamek das-teqqarent i tḍerraht-nni i tessiriḍent ?
Neqqar-as taslit n wenẓar, lla deg ussan-nni labud a dd-tgeɛɛed deg ujenna tenni umi qqarent taslit n wenẓar.
Yura-t : Khalid BOUYAALA


text:
Zeg wami tella tewdanit, teẓra abarru n tmuḍan d lehlakat, ikemmlen x min ggin imseksiten d imenɣan. Mamec ttuɣa din tmuḍan ameknaw kulira, ṭṭaɛun, ddemɛun, taẓerẓayt i yenɣin xirebbi n yiwdan.
Zi zik n wussan, banent-id timuḍan-a i ttuɣa i d-ittmuttuyen aked umutti n tsebbabt d lɛesker, mani iwdan ksin akid-sen ddegg-a n tmuḍan sselsaqen-ten deg yinniḍen, ameknaw manaya yejja midden ad rewlen ula zi tmurt mani telqef jjriḥect.
Di min iqqnen ɣer Arrif a nebda zeg wakud n ugellid Sliman d Muḥemmed Ben Ɛebdellah, mani nufa n ca n yidrimen-nnsen deg Yat Sidal n wedrar, manaya i d-immalen ijjen wudem d aɛeffan zi min ẓrin lejdud-nneɣ.
Jjrayeḥ n lqern 19
Alaḥsab min d-nuyem zeg ijjen iwessura iqqimen idder umi ttuɣa nettlaɣa di tudert-nnes « Mḥend Lhadi Lqraci » i ttuɣa iɛicen lqern d ɛicrin useggas, mani ila yemmut amenɛad ɛad, a t-yerḥem Rebbi, ila itteɛqal di temẓi-nnes x laṭṭan-a uca yeqqar: « ẓriɣ lɛahed-nni mani day-i ttuɣa d ameẓẓyan, mmuten xirebbi n midden, telɛen inni irewlen, leɛzayet ila tticen-tt x waddaren d igeddimen ula kṭer ayt Buyafar d nitni i telqef jjriḥect, uca Ayt Sidal ila ttɛezzan s usijji x ugeddim n umedɣar, ttagin ad ɣer-sen adsen, mani midden ila ttbellaɛen x yixef-nnsen ».
Iseggusa n unuri d jjriḥect
Kul aseggas d lemḥayen-nnes, isfekker-aneɣ-d s min yeɛdan x tmurt-a
Deg useggas n 1918, ttuɣa din ṭṭaɛun di Spaniya, ilqef la d Arrif.
deg useggas n 1944, aseggas n buheyyuf.
Aseggas n 1950, aseggas n tẓerẓayt.
Aseggas n 1970, aseggas n kulira.
Ddegg-a n lemḥayen timeqqranin i yekkin x Arrif, d wami ttwafsaren ca n lehlakat am kulira, taẓerẓayt, ṭṭaɛun, i ttuɣa ittmuttuyen s ticcin, iqquɛen d iweṭṭḍen, aked iseggusa n buheyyuf ijjin tarwa n Arrif ad nɛerqen ɣer lɣerb d nitni gguren x yiḍaren-nnes, mani ttuɣa aṭṭas n iḥenjiren d iwessura immuten x webrid, ttuɣa din zzat-sen laẓ d lehlak.
Zi tmenna i d-iqqimen x lemḥayen-nni
Zi min ttuɣa qqaren midden d nitni aqqa-ten zzat i yimxumbal-a:
Ict tesɣart a tenneɛreq, icten a teɣreq, icten a tt-ccen leḥwafer (n yeksan).
ṭṭaɛun n useggas n 1800.
Min yejjin ṭṭaɛun ad yewwet imezdaɣ n Arrif, umi lmakul n useggas n 1798, ila yeḍɛef bezzaf, midden wer mjiren walu, ttuɣa ttrajan maḥend ad rren lḥerr deg useggas n 1799, saɛa ula d aseggas-a ikemmel x-asen, minzi tmurɣi tekka x tmura, tecca merra lmakul, min i ijjin buheyyuf iɣezz iwdan, uca laṭṭan n ṭṭaɛun igga zeɣdira di midden.
Merra manaya iẓrin midden ila yella di lɛahed n ugellid n Sliman i ila yugin ad ibelleɛ x imukan mani llan imuḍan minzi manaya kunṭra i tira n sidi Rebbi, deg unebdu n useggas-nni idwel lehlak ɣer deffer cwayt, maca di tefsut n 1800 ad yedwel ɛawed, nettaf di Mars, ila iwdan neṭṭlen ar 20 deg wass, di Abril ttakk°aḍen imettinen ar 130 d 150 di Tiṭṭawin.
Lehlak-a amek yettwassen ikk-s zi Ledzayer, yudef-d x Arrif, zi senni ad immutti ɣer Fes d jjwayeh-nnes.
Yura-t: Jamal Lbuṭiyybi


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Imussnawen Iṭaliyen ufin ca n later n ijjen tnayen n yiwdan mmuten ca n 2000 usegg°as zeg wami.
Awerni ijjen uburkan i yemsaren deg Iṭaliya. Aburkan-a ireddjen tamdint n Pompiyi Taṭaliyant. Tnayen-nni n yiwdan i yufin, ijjen zzag-sen ɣer-s amkan yuɛla deg wamun Aṭalyan. Wenniḍen ittban axmi d axeddam niɣ d ismeɣ. D aya ig inna ijjen zeg imḍebbren n wurti n Pompiyi arkyuluji. Inna Massimo Osanna, anemhal (directeur) n tebḥirt-nni tarkyulujit : « Ittban-d axmi ttuɣa rezzun x ca n wemkan mani ɣa nnuffren zeg uburkan-nni, uca nnuryen da ».
Adrar n Mismu ttuɣa yeẓra ijjen uburkan deg isegg°as n 79. Tamdint n Pompiyi amen tekmel teɣḍes adu leɛjaj n uburkan-nni mani ɣa jerrsen imezdaɣ-nnes s mamec i ten-ttuɣa qbel ad yemsar uburkan. Manaya ig ijjin asit-a d ijjen uraq yeccur s igelwan irkyulujiyen i imussnawen. Twafit-a i yeggin imussnawen, ttuɣa-tt d ijjen trezzut ggin-tt deg ijjen lvilla i yellan di lefyafi n temdint. Imḍebbaren n tmeɣziwt-a nnan belli argaz-nni bu igelwan i yufin ad yili ɣer-s di buḥbel-nnes jar 30 d 40 iseggusa. Mamec ufin ijjen mufalda n taḍuft ttuɣa-tt x yiri-nnes. Argaz-nni nniḍen, ttuɣa ɣer-s jar 18 d 23 iseggusa.
Imussnawen nnan belli ismeɣ-nni ufin yerreẓ-as weɛrur, manaya ixes ad yini ila qa ttuɣa ittegg ca n lexdayem qesḥent x-as. Osanna yenna ɛawed : « aqqa anuri n yiwdan-a ad yili s leḥmu ameqqran n uburkan. D aya i d-ittbanen deg iḍaren-nnsen d ifassen-nnsen ifeḍlen s leḥmu ». Tamdint n Pompiyi i yellan ṭṭerf i Napoli, ɛad qa tteggen dag-s tirezzutin maḥend ad tekkes tduli x igelwan-nnes, maca lux imsariyen wer zemmren ad ɣer-s adfen s lesbab n kuruna.


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Char n Numfember i yeɛdan izemmem ijjen nnumru yuɛla di lḥal n ujenna. Yiwweḍ leḥmu n nufember ɣer ijjen nnumru igeɛɛed aṭṭas. Wer ɣer-s niwiḍ zeg iseggusa n tmanin. Ittsemma zeg wami bdan ad zemmen abeddel n lḥal n ujenna. Leḥmu n usegg°as-a yeɛda wenni ittwazmmemn di 2016 s 0.1 n udugri.
Deg Uruppa, tzemmem tasnurayt n Kupernikus iḥeṭṭan aɣlaf n ujenna, ca n nnumrawat d imeqqranen. Yus-d udugri n leḥmu jar Cutembar d Nufember kṭer zeg wazzɣat s ca n 1.9 n udugri.
Nnumrawat ittwazmmemn asegg°as-a ixess ad sqarqben anina n lxaṭar i merra midden ig itteḥkamen deg umaḍal. D manaya ig igga Carlo Buontempo, amɣar n Kupernkus, yerni yenna « ixes ad nexzer ɣer ayt bab n weɣtas (décision) aseyyasi, minzi qa nnumrawat-a ad aneɣ-jjen a nɛawed afekker nican di mamec ffɣen deg wegraw n Paris di 2015 ».
abeddel n lḥal n ujenna, ittaru-d imunas d imeqqranen
Tiweḍ ca n 200 n tmurt deg umaḍal, ad sinyant x kunṭra n Paris. Ḥuma ad sneqsent zi lgaz maḥend ad awḍent timura-ya ad sneqsent zeg udugri n leḥmu n tmurt s ijjen udugri d uzgen ar tnayen n idugriten deg usegg°as n 2100. Maca di tidet, nettaf belli tammurt kur ɛecra iseggusa ttgeɛɛaden idugriten n leḥmu-nnes s 0.2 zeg umeggaru n iseggusa n sebɛin ar lexxu. Ageɛɛed-a deg idugriten n leḥmu imken ad yaweḍ ad ireddej tamurt. Zi manaya, aṭṭas n imudar (lmal) ad nqaḍan, ɛawed, izemmer ad ihudd x tɣellist (sécurité) n macca deg umaḍal. Imeɣnas n tikulujit nitni ttahamen imḍebbaren n tenbaḍin i wer itteggen walu ḥuma ad sbedden ageɛɛed n leḥmu.
Aya, yus-d awerni ijjen tesfift n leḥmu d tameqqrant tẓerr-it Usṭraliya. Mani iweḍ udugri n leḥmu ar 45. Ɛawed, ikemmuḍen sefḍen tiẓgiwin d leɣwabi n tegzirt n Fizer ittwazmmen x llista n wayda amḍlan n uyinisku.


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Ggin-ten i lefrajet: Zoo (lḥadiqa n lḥayawan) d Parkit n lewḥuc zeg imukan itteɛjiben i yewdan a dag‑sen sseɛdan lweqt ɣer‑sen yexwa. « Maca » Lewḥuc n lexra jer griyya, urid d ijjen ḥajet tecna i nitnin, waxxa yetban‑aneɣ‑dd i neccin aqayn mliḥ. Ccin swin, dduryen.
Di Artikel‑a ad nekkes taqcurt x ca zi min itɣir i yewdan, i zi dewlen ttwalan Zoo d ijjen ḥajet tecna. Xelli zi min ittwaqqarn di Media. Ar mani tnumen. Ixarriqen‑a yejjin iwdan ɛemmer‑s ad ksen x temriḥt ɣa Zoo, ɛemmer‑s ad kkren ad sɣuyyen x uḥebbes n lmal. Ɛemmers ad fehmen belli « xawla d xawla waha » temɣer niɣ temẓi!
« Zoo iḥeṭṭa ikluṣa n lewḥuc ḥima wer tneqḍiɛen »
Azgen ameqran n lewḥuc yellan di Zoo wer llin ca di lxaṭar n uneqḍeɛ. Ca n 20 ar 25 di miyya waha zi lewḥuc yegguren ad nɛedmen, i yellan zzuzzern deg maḍal i lefrajet. Iḥamcaren (Reptiles), nettaf zzag‑sen 3% waha [1]. La d yenni iteggen tizemmer ad zzag-sen rebban zzarriɛet, wer dasen tnejjeḥ, minzi drus n lewḥuc zeg uklaṣi waha i ɣer‑sen. Smanaya tejjan‑dd lebda imudder ferɣen, niɣ dag‑sen ddiffu deg ujinum‑nsen (Genome). Ɛawed ḥeṭṭu n yekluṣa n lmal, ixessa ad yiri ddren deg umkan‑nsen i di twaxelqen. Wer nzemmer ad nessgem Aɣilas, Baɣuṣ, Ayrad, Zzarafa … ad ilin am yenni n lexla, mala nerra xaf‑sen tiwwura. Wer remmden ca mamek ɣa ddren di leɣwabi, Mara dewlen ɣer lɣabet ad mten deɣya.
Akraf n lewḥuc di Zoo wer ineffeɛ la nitnin, la i wgama (Natur), ineffeɛ i yewdan waha. Teggen zzag‑s tinɛacin.
« Zoo itejjaneɣ anessen mliḥ min kid‑neɣ yeddren »
Min ttwalan imsaryen di Zoo? Lewḥuc wer llin nurmal, wer teggen min teggen di lɣabet. Ijḍaḍ wer zemmren ad ḍwen nican. Aɣilas i tazzlen ar 130km/h, yeqqim waha. Ibaɣuṣen yennumen negzen zi tsejjart ɣa tenniḍen. Teqqnunnuyen akd ijjen tseklut waha. Iniymarn ttafent aksum yewjed yeɛder, la d afran farnent!
Rid d mamek teggen ḥima ad sbanen belli xsen ad mṣarwan, rid d macca tetten‑t am lewḥuc n lexla nican. Min din nremmed x lewḥuc, urid d wenni dag‑sen di tidet, urid d tenni d tudert ddren.
Ijjen trezzut deg 2007 tufa wer din bu uremmud n ca zi Zoo [2]. Ict ɛawed d tamaynut deg 2017 tiweḍ belli inewjiwen n Zoo remden ɣir mamek ttbanen lewḥuc, d mamek dasen qqren. Maca tussna nican, x mamek ddren wer telli [3]
« Lewḥuc di Zoo qayn mliḥ »
Amxumbel n merhu, leḥwej d ttasiɛ. Ijjen tɣuri deg 2012 tufa marra Zoo yellan deg umaḍal, wer teggen i lewḥuc ljew‑nni n ugama. Wer dasen teggen mindi ɣa lhan.
Aṭṭas n lewḥuc zzag‑sen, helken di tnefsit‑nsen, teggen timugga urid nsen. Minzi qayen deg ukraf. Ibaɣuăṣebn tbuhluyen s wayar iteggen ɣa tsejjart. Qenḍen ar mani dewlen tetten zzbel‑nsen. [4]
Lfil la d netta amenni, hellken‑asen iḍarn s ubeddi d ticli deg imukan d imeẓyanen waha [5]. Xelli ɛad ssarwan‑ten ɛemden, minzi iwarruden n lewḥuc jebbden‑dd iwdan. Manaynni maca isseḥṣur‑a amkan x yenniḍen, uca neqqen inni izayden, niɣ znuzan‑ten i yenni ten‑ɣa‑yenɣen ! PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) ttufa ɣir Park n imudder di Berlin jer 2007 d 2009 mmenzen zzag‑s ktar zeg 1000 n imudder. Zeg inni yesɣin, ca zeg amziwen itɛayan deg imuder!
« Iḥenjiren wer yelli mani ɣa ẓern imudder illa dinni »
Aṭṭas n imukan yellan mani ɣa ẓern iḥenjirn min yeddren qaɛ sennej i tmurt. Ifellaḥen, leɣwabi, llan imukan dag‑sen Park di lexla ttraḥen din s ttumubin tɣellef s griyyaj ḥima ad ẓern tidt n imudder. Rrni xa‑s ifilmen i dd‑immaren tidet n ugama (Nature). Iḥenjiren‑a mli ɣa snen belli lewḥuc‑a qayen di leḥbes, ataf la d nitni wer ttexsen.
« Maɛlic qa xellqen din »
Aṭṭas n lewḥuc twattfen zi leɣwabi, niɣ zi lebḥer. Ttagen ad arun deg ukraf, minzi wer areyḥen ca di daxel nsen. Melmi tmettan niɣ ttewsaren, tewaṭṭafen‑dd yenniḍen.
Waxxa deg aṭṭas n imukan, nettaf anegmar ksen xa‑s s jjehd n izerfan n imudder. Maca lebda dinni wi iyemmarn s tnuffra. Manayenni iteg imxumbal la deg imukan manis id ttwakarn. Beṭṭu n yeyduden n imudder di leɣwabi, mamek beṭṭu n waṭṭas n imudder x tyemmatin nsen. Meqqarn bla ma ṭṭḍen di tyemmatin‑nsen. Meqqarn deg imukan urid nsen.
Mayemmi qaɛ manaya?
Zoo imezwura deg umaḍal, ttwaggen lqern n 15. deg uruppa. Ttuɣa xsen a zzag‑sen mmren i ymezdaɣ, lewḥuc yewɛan. Xelli la d iwdan zi tmura nniḍen ttwaggen din (am iberkanen). Di lweqt‑a, Zoo dag‑s yetwakkes dag‑s weɛmud, d ɣezzu n taddut (yeqqim wenni n tnefsit). Ad yili minzi yedder. Ɛawed manaya marra ijebbed imsaryen d tturist. yessadaf‑dd tinɛacin i lmexzen.
Min nzemmer ad negg?
Ad nekkes x Zoo. I lebda.
Ad nessiwel akd yewdan i nessen, x ukerfeṣ i temsern i imudder (lewḥuc) di Zoo d Park.
Ad neswiza akd tmesmunin i ḥeṭṭan x izerfan n imudder manima nella.
Tamurt urid nneɣ waha, tudert urid nneɣ waha, tirell urid i neccin waha.
Ɣer ɛawd:


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Manis i dd-tekka tyaẓiḍt ? Zi tmellalt!
I manis i dd-tekka tmellalt? zi tyaẓiḍt !
I wi dd-izguren? D tyaẓiḍt niɣ tamellalt ?
Asqsi-ya zi temẓi neccin nettirar zeg-s jar-aneɣ, maca ɛemmars ma negga ca n trezzut, a nexzar min nnan imassanen di manaya, d mamek rrin x useqsi-ya.
Di cutembir 2018, deg yijjen trezzut ggin-tt imussnawen n ufizik di tseddawit n Kwinzland d usinag n Nyil di Ustralya, nnan belli « Quantum physics » teqqar tiwed ɣer:
« Tyaẓiḍt d tmellalt ta wer dd-tezgur i tenneɣni. » Tadukturt Jaki Rumiru tenna di trezzut-a i tefsar tseddawit: « Quantum physics tejja-neɣ a nxarreṣ ɣer beṛṛa i tmeslayt n » cause and effect » i zi ttuɣa ttemsawalen ifaylasufen n Grik di tmukrist‑a n wi dd-yezguren » Tuca ijjen umedya s bnadm-nni ittraḥen ɣer lxedmet s ṭṭubis, zi sseni iṭṭara zeg uṭubis, innay di lkar. Quantum physics teqqar manaya izemmar ad yili deg yijjen wakud (the theory of relativity n Einshtein). Manaya maṛṛa ɛlaḥsab Quantum physics.
Deg yijjen trezzut nniḍen tegga-tt tseddawit n Sheffield d tseddawit n Warwick, ufin belli d tyaẓiḍt i dd-yezguren, Minzi tamellalt tsennad deg usmutteg‑nnes x yijjen uprutin qqaren-as OC-17, aklasi‑ya n uprutin war ittili illa di lwalda (ovary) n tyaẓiḍt, manaya iqqar belli war tzemmar ad tili yijjen ḥajet qqaren-as tamellalt illa mala ttuɣa-tt di lwalda n tyaẓiḍt.
Yura‑t Anir Maziɣ


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Amsazwar-a ayɣef d-nnan kra yesɛa aswir ifazen d win aydeg rebḥen daɣ sin n yilemẓiyen niḍen, yernu wi d Malek Saidani ay d-yusan d wis sin, akked Riad Akchout yellan, ula d nitni, seg twilayt n Bgayet. Afran yella-d d aweɛṛan s waṭas yernu wid ay d-yeflalin, ula ma ẓewren aṭas, sɛan qrib yiwen n uswir.
Wid ay iḥedṛen yeɛjeb-iten daɣ umlazmar n tlemẓit Nacira Benali n Yifeṛḥunen (Tizi Uzzu) ay yecnan s uɣanib d ucbiḥ tizlit n « A yemma ur ttru » n umedyaz n tegrawla Farid Ali.
Ma d inaẓuren niḍen, ula ma rbiḥen ara, am yilemẓi n Lotfi Lakehal ay d-yusan seg Ǧiǧel, ɛejben daɣ wid iḥedṛen s tuɣac-nsen tihuskayin.
« Amur ameqran seg-sen wejden akken ad qqlen d imsaduren. Yagi wwḍen ɣer uswir amsadur s yimlazmaren-nsen », ɣef wakken ay d-yenna Djamel Mahindad yellan seg yimsuddsen n tedyant-a, am wakken ay yummar s umsazwar-a amnaḍan ay d-yenna dakken yezmer ad yeqqel d aɣelnaw.
Tasehṛa n uxtam iga-tt yiwen seg yigensasen imeqranen akk n tezlit n uceɛbi n wass-a, Redha Charef, yernu iwet-d deg-s tizlatin seg tgemmi n Lezzayer Tamaneɣt.


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(En berbère-tashlhiyt) Le mouvement amazigh marocain; un mouvement intellectuel autiste?
- aTTan n-tavaRt n-ixf v-usays n-ufrak d-uswingm
مرض التوحّد في باب الوعي والتفكير
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"Tussna n-imttuDSa".
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urd willi bda yiwi yiDS (mHsub: ‘id mlliDS’) ula willi bda igan taDSa n-wiyyaD, ad s-rix ad-t inix s-tguri n-‘imttuDSa’.
aylli-nn waddsx s-tguri-ann, iga-t vaylli mmi ttinin ‘autistes’ s-tfRanSiSt (nqqR azday-ad): ini yan RRhD n-imuDan n-tuqqna n-l3aqql, lli-nn ittqqnn ixfawn nnsn v-yan uvmmir n-uswingm srsn iZlin; ur a ttiZDirn ad frin i-mad gant limuRat n-tudrt d-middn v-mad asn issutln.
RRhaD-ann n-waTTan ar ittqqn alln d-imzgan, isvR agayyu n-bab nns. ar-as ttinin s-t3rabt ‘التوحّد’ niv ‘الانطواء’.
izwar-iyi nit, mnck ayad, mas urix f-waTTan ann s-t3rabt (nqqR azday-ad), zaydx alsv-as s-tclHiyt v-RmDan-ad izrin, tigira n-kullu ma ijRan v-tmazit (Inzggan, Agadir, Fas,) iggammi yan umussu lli mmi-d iwi ugayyu nns mas iga ‘amussu n-uswingm d-tussna’ ad-as ifrk, yamu-nn gis s-uswingm d-wawal d-RRi, zund kullu ayt tmazirt (nqqR zday-ad).
ad-yyi-d iwin ad-dax ssktix awal-ad d-imussutn-ad dax imggura lli kullu ismussn tamazirt v-id imalass-ad iggwran, sul ur-as akkw ifri umussu-ann amaDun afad gis yamu, yili dars mad gis ittini s-vikad ula vikann.
amussu-ann an3Dub ur dars illi ma ittini, s-umdya, la v-isstayn n-tsggwin n-tmazirt, ula v-tfDDaHt n-igwaZTiyn ifRanSiyn, la s-lkhir ula s-l3ar. ur yadlli ifri i-Htta yat v-kullu mayann, zund ukan kra n-tazzanin urta ilin l3aqql, ilin sul ddu tHjjaRt n-wid mqquRn.
amussu-yan iqqn-inn bda agayyun nns, zund tazzanin, v-tvwmrin d-tannrarin lli v-ar ittirir ar ittxwmmaR s-vmklli walli-walli: had iv-tt ifka i-uzawar d-wawal iJJan s-tgiriw-lli tilli-tilli (‘qawmajia’, ‘lmxzn’) had iv a isillif s-‘ucnyal amaziv’; had iv-isslsa acnyal-ann i-tazzanin d-id bijju ; had iv-d iwi imiyn n-mas tga Angelina Jolie ‘taRqqast n-tussna tamazivt’ v-umaDal ; had iv a ismummuy ifk-tt i-tvuyyit (‘lwaqafat nniDaliya’) ; had iv a ismigil mas ira a isqrbl ddunit iDr-nn ssv ukfaf iv-as ur skrn s-lxaTr; had iv, had iv …
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lHaSul, tttrrr! lli s-a ttinin; mad-stt gim yiwin, a tagwlla, vwas n-l3ayd!
ihnna nit lHal iv iccHRJ wawal-ad kra n-idwa n-yan.
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Ijaḍarmiyen n Ddriwec, ṭṭfen ijjen izeddeɣ di berra. Ittɛedda x ijjen tbuhaliyt la d nettat tettili di berra. Uḍuf-nni i das-ggin i uterras-nni, yus-d zegga i t-teṭṭef ijjen kamira di lwesṭ n temdint.
Awerni umi zzag-s diklaran, ṭṭfen-t Ijaḍarmiyen. Alaḥsab mayen d-ieawed Nadorcity, aqqa wenni iṭṭfen ɛad aqqa-t ɣer Ijaḍarmiyen rezzun akid-s x mayen yemsaren. Qbel ma ad t-ssehwan ɣer lmeḥkama di Nnaḍur.
Alaḥsab mayen ttɛawaden imezdaɣ n Ddriwec, aṭṭas n yiwdan izeddɣen di berra ttɛeddan x tbuhaliyt-a teṭṭsen akid-s di berra s uɣil x-as. Merra manaya ittemsar d tmesmunin d imḍebbaren wer ggin walu maḥend ad sbedden manaya.


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Ttekki akked Weblate
Weblate tesnefli-t terbaɛt yeldin. Ddeqs n yiberdan i yellan akken ad tettekkiḍ deg tneflit n Weblate. Mmeslay fell-as akked imeddukal-ik.Wali iɣbula Suqqel asnas
Tufiḍ-d abug deg Weblate?
- Ma d taɣawsa qessiḥ€n neɣ d ugur n tɣellist, ttwil-k azen aneqqis ɣer HackerOne. Iberdan-nniḍen i tuzna n wuguren n tɣellist zemren ad ttwafen deg tasemlit.
- Ḍmen ma ulac yakan abug-a, s unadi deg Uguren n GitHub.
- Ma yella ur tezmireḍ ara ad d-tafeḍ ugur yeldin i d-yettmeslayen ɣef waya, ldi amaynut.
- Ḍfer iwellihen deg tneɣruft n wugur, sakin mudd-d talɣut ilaqen akken tzemreḍ.
Yella ukemmus i yefran abug-a?
- Ldi asuter n tmerna ɣer GitHub amaynut s ukemmus-a.
- Ɣmed d akken aglam n usuter n tmerna ad yesseglem akken iwata ugur akked tifrat. Seddu-d uṭṭun n wugur ma yella.
Nettu tamahilt neɣ tebɣiḍ ad nbeddel kra?
- Sumer abeddel deg wuguren GitHub.
- Ḍfer iwellihen deg tneɣruft n wugur, sakin mudd-d talɣut ilaqen akken tzemreḍ.
Isteqsiyen yerzan Tangalt aɣbalu?
- Ttxil wali tasemlit n uttekki akken ad tafeḍ isental yettwassnen aṭas.
- Share what is on your mind in the GitHub discussions.
Tebɣiḍ ad tmuddeḍ afus deg Tsemlit?
- Tasemlit d aḥric seg ukufi n tengakt aɣbalu agejdan ihi tzemreḍ s wudem afessas ad tḍefreḍ iseɣwan akken ad tbeddleḍ yal asebter srid seg tasemlit.
- Ticki akemmus-ik iheyya, ttxil ḍfer iwellihen n tuzna n ukemmus.
- Help fix and suggest non-code related pull-requests by joining the reviewer team.
Aɛiwen s tedrimt ittruḥ ɣer useqdec yelhan.
Ttxil-k ldi asebter n tewsa ɣef tarrayin n tewsa.Mudd tawsa tura
D imsuqel kečč? Mudd afus deg tsuqilt n Weblate s timmad-id.
Tzemreḍ ad tsuqqleḍ Weblate d ddeqs n yisenfaren-nniḍen deg hosted.weblate.org.Bdu tasuqqilt


text:
kkuffetVB [kkuffet]
écumer; monter en écumant
Flexions kkuffettettkuffuteḍ tettkuffutem ittkuffuten kkufftemt tekkuffet kkufftent ttkuffutemt tettkuffut ttkuffutent kkuffet yekkuffet tekkufftemt ttkuffut yettkuffut tettkuffutemt kkuffteɣ nekkuffet yekkufften ttkuffuteɣ nettkuffut yettkuffuten kkufftet ikkuffet kkufften ttkuffutet ittkuffut ttkuffuten tekkuffteḍ tekkufftem ikkufften
Sources kkuffet
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982
Phrases avec le mot kkuffet
Mi ara ẓreɣ yiwen ittkuffut, iḥemmu, ittjaddal ɣef sin iɣallen n wakal ɣef talast ger netta akked yiwen wemdan am netta, izmer ad yili d gma-s, d aɛmm-is neɣ d xal-is, imiren dɣa serreɣ ugar tidderɣelt yellan degneɣ .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]


text:
» Ixeyyeq aṭṭas wul-inu, wami war kid-s ḥḍireɣ wami i truḥ, ass-a d ij n wass n uxeyyeq n weydud n Yagán. Merra min ɣa ggeɣ di lxedmet-inu, zi luxa d tsawent, ad yili s yism- inem a yemma, d yisem n weydud-inem »
D wa d awal minzi tewca yelli-s n Cristina Calderón, Lidia González Calderón, lexbar n lmewt n yemma-s. Cistina Calderón temmut Ass n 16 zi 02 zi 2022, x 93 iseggusa deg wadday n Chile, aked lmewt-ines, yettmetta yiles n weydud yagán. D nettat ila yeqqimen tessawal mliḥ iles-a di tmurt tasemmaḍt deg wadday n Chile.
Tenna yelli-s Lidia x yemma-s: « tamɣart d taneggarut ila yesnen mliḥ iles n yagán, aked tekli-ines, yugur yij n nḥet n twengimt tadelsant n weydud-nneɣ »
Cristina Calderón, telmed ad tessiwel taseppayut di 9 iseggusa, maca tarwa-ines wer lmiden ci tutlayt tayemmat n yemma-tsen, minzi gg°den aseḥqar n yenni issawalen taseppanyut, elaḥsab min tenna yelli-s Lidia.
Cristina Calderón Aked tayyawt-ines Cristina Zarraga, ggint ij n diccionario n yiles yagán, d ij uḍles x umezruy n weydud n yagán qqaren-as Hai Kur Mamasu Shis ( xseɣ ad eawdeɣ ij n tḥajit) Amya ḥma ad-sfeltent zi lmewt ij n yiles zig ilsawan iyemmaten i yellan di Chile.
Skuta di lehna Cristina Calderón.


text:
A l'affiche Algérie Algériens Chansons kabyles traduites cheikh hasnaoui Chrétiens Kabyles Chrétiens Kabylie concert-kabyle-selection Conte kabyle Documents historiques drapeau amazigh drapeau amazigh algérie drapeau kabyle droit international détenus d'opinion Ferhat Mehenni Hirak Hymne national incendie Kabylie incendies Kabylie Islam Israël JSKabylie Kabyles Kabylie Kabylie actualité Kabylie indépendante kamira nait sid MAK MAK Amérique du Nord MAK Anavad MAK Kabylie martyrs du printemps noir 2001 Matoub Lounès militants Militants Kabyles origine des Kabyles origine kabyle Québec Libre, Kabylie Libre recette de cuisine kabyle site kabyle Tamazight yennayer 2970 église kabylie équipe nationale Kabylie
Tags
Entraves à la liberté d'informer
Kabyle.com, média de référence des Kabyles dans le monde est censuré et bloqué en Algérie depuis le 25 juillet 2020.


text:
Igeɛɛed nnumru n yenni i yelqef lehlak n Kuruna ɛawed, ula kṭer di tmura n Uruppa, ca zzag-sen ksin merra baqunat-nnsen. Manaya yejjin ca zi tmura Tiruppawyin ad beddent x baquna tis tlata kunṭra i ubirus-a wa.
Maca waxxa azgen ameqqran n inni i telqef Kuruna wer ggin ca baquna, maca Aliman iqqar belli ixess ca n midden ad ksin baquna tis tlata, ammu i d-inna ujurnal n Stuttgarter Zeitung.
Manaya zeɛma minzi baquna wer tettic ca n uḥeṭṭu ikmel zeg ubirus, min ɣa yejjin aṭṭas n inni i yeggin baquna a ten-ilqef lehlak-a, ɛawed « tiɣist » n baquna-ya tneqqes aked lweqt, alaḥab ajurnal-a lebda.
Maca melmi ɣa ksin iwdan baquna tis tlata ?
Alaḥsab tawzirt n seḥḥet Talimant, teqqar belli ar ɣa teɛda settchur zi tnayen n baqunat i ca n bnadem tili ɣer-s 12 iseggusa. Maca, mala teggid baquna, qbel i settchur, ataf wer ɣer-s bu ca n lfaydet d tameqqrant, minzi bnadem mala yegga tnayen n baqunat, ataf yeksi tizemmar n uḥeṭṭu zi lehlak-a.
Tawzirt n seḥḥet Talimant twessa bac ca n iwdan ad zzag-sen ssizzaren ad ggen baquna tis tlata awerni settchur n baquna. Ameknaw iwessura s nnej i sebɛin ɛam, d inni ɣa yella nnaqes di lmanaɛa d inni ixeddmen di spiṭarat d tsentutin ittsunen iwessura.
Lux, deg Uliman, wer tteggen bu bezzez x midden bac ad ggen baquna.
Maca qa tawriqt n baquna, ɣer Ilimaniyen tselleḥ asegg°as ikmel i tnayen n baqunat waha. Ar lux, wer ssinen Ilimaniyen cḥal ɣa iqqim lḥal ammu, manaya zemmren ad t-ssnen deg wussan i d-igguren.


text:
231
ÇA PEUT T'INTÉRESSER
Mazal Tov ! Israel Menahem Mendel Erentroi (Zaporizhia, Ukraine) est Hatan avec Hanna Azimov (fille de Mendel – Paris) Mazal Tov! Menahem Mendel Haddad (Yavneel) est ‘Hatan avec Sarah Shuchtman (Tsfat) le 8 Sivan 5781 Mazal Tov! Menahem Mendel Abecassis (Paris 12) est Hatan avec Haya Mouchka Attal (fille d’Elie, Paris 19) Mazal Tov! Menahem Mendel Karsenty (Paris 19) est ‘Hatan avec ‘Haya Mouchka Gabay (Paris 16) Mazal Tov ! Menahem Mendel Azimov (Paris) est Hatan avec Rivka Shmotkin (Detroit) le 24 Sivan 5779 Mazal Tov ! Menahem Mendel Chelly (Paris 19e) est ‘Hatan avec Myriam Ilana Abitboul (Bonneuil) Mazal Tov ! Menahem Mendel Cohen (Versailles) est ‘Hatan avec ‘Haya Mouchka Levy (Paris 20ème) Mazal Tov ! Mendel Chemama (Paris 11) est Hatan avec ‘Haya Chelli (Paris 19) Mazal Tov ! Yehouda Sigoura (Versailles) est Hatan avec Sterna Sarah Naccache (Paris) Mazal Tov! Hillel Farouz (Brunoy) est ‘Hatan avec Sarah Slama (Paris) Mazal Tov ! Menahem Naccache (Paris) est ‘Hatan avec Dvorah Guez (Paris) Mazal Tov !!! Menahem Mendel Bensaid (Hadera) est Hatan avec Yael Knafo Mazal Tov! Menahem Mendel Elgrishi (Marseille) est Hatan avec Haya Moushka Amar (Miami) Mazal Tov! Menahem Mendel Spitzer est ‘Hatan avec ‘Haya Mouchka Abergel, le 23 Tamouz 5780 Mazal Tov ! Menahem Mendel Elbaz (Sarcelles) est Hatan avec Cheïna Albou (Sarcelles)


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Yettwassen ɣer waṭṭas imussnawen, xmi ittexsen ad bḍan jer yilsawen imaziɣen (les isoglosses) ; kessin-dd iles n merra ddcurat manis ittekken imedyazen d iles yemsebḍa x yilsawen mani wer zemren ad awḍen. S uya nettaf Hart Montgomery David (1976), yeqqar : minzi i nzemmar a nebḍa wi yellan d arifi zi wi wer t-yellin s wi yettɣenjen lalla Buya d wi wer tt-ittɣenjen.
Ralla buya, ttɣennajen zeg-s, ttɣannajen x-as, ttawyen-dd zeg-s izlan, ttawyen-ten-dd x-as… Maca manis i dd-tekka Buya-ya ? min teɛna ? ma nican d tajellidt ? ma nican d isem n temɣart ?
’’Aya lall aya lall aya lall a buya’’ ttsemman-as irifiyen lmizan atenɛaci n yizlan, d ijj n lqaleb bennan x-as izlan, tteɛmmren zeg-s lxawi i ten-ɣa-yejjen ad xerrsen deg izlan d jjdid (l’improvisation), d tenni umi i ttsemman la méthode formulaire ɣer wayduden wer ittirin ilsawen-nsen, d lebɛeḍ n wawalen ttemɛawaden aṭṭas imuren di lwesṭ usefru niɣ n yizlan. Ilsawen i yettwarin wer deg-sen nettif ca manaya. Xmi i daneɣ-sseqqaren qqaren-aneɣ ixessa awal wer ittɛiwid aṭṭas (la répétition). S manaya ula ɣer irifiyen, zeggami i bdan ad arin, dewlen sxeddamen drus waha ’’Aya lall aya lall aya lall a buya’’.
‘‘Ralla Buya d isem i tticcen irifiyen i tjellidt tamaziɣt Dihiya i umi qqaren waɛɛraben Kahina’’ Zi temsezwarut (Introduction) n dduktura n uselmad Hamid SOUIFI (9 :1998) (Aṭurjem n Kh. BOUYAALA zi tefransist). Maca wer dd-iwci ca manis i dd-issekk manaya.
Deg yezlan nettaf Buya d tamɣart, d tajellidt, d tmiɣist… ha ij n cwayt zeg izlan-nni :
‘‘A m-lizar x uɣil, a yelli-s umaziɣ
A m-tefras n buya, s tseɣnas i dam hdiɣ’’[1]
——————-
‘‘Buya d ij n yisem, lalla-s n temɣarin
Tɛizz x imaziɣen, xelli wer tt-ssinen
Ttɣenjen s yisem-nnes, xelli wer x-as tteɛqilen
Qqaren-as lalla Buya, mleɛqel yefsusen
Melmi i nebda lferḥ, a cem-negg di lemraḥ
A nlaɣa s yisem-nnem, xelli buḥbel iraḥ
Sliwlew a weltma, s wul i ɣer-m ifreḥ
I Buya mtiɣisin, zi leɛqel ɛemmers traḥ
A Buya a weltma, lalla-s n tebliɣin
Isem-nnem d ameqqran, ittekkes tiɣufawin
Trud-as i ujenna s umeṭṭa n tiṭṭawin
A teqqimed i lebda d ccan i temɣarin’’
Aɣennij n tseḍma n Tefriǧas
Deg usegzawal (dictionnaire) n Jean DELHEURE i yegga x twareglit yeqqar x buya d tameddukkelt[2].
Mani i daneɣ-yeqqim wemxumbel di manaya, wer nessin bu ca umezruy i di tella ca n Buya d tajellidt, wer nessin bu ca n temɣart tettwasemma s yisem n Buya ɣer merra imaziɣen. Manaya merra ittejja-yi a dd-sserseɣ aseqsi-a :
Maɣar wer tettili lalla Buya d ca nneɣni ? d ijj n weqlab i lmeɛna amezwaru n :
- Aya : nettlaɣa zeg-s ( aya sidarebbi-inu), ca n twalatin ɣer lebɛeḍ imaziɣen ideḥḥa d ‘‘ayu’’
- Lall : [radj] bab n … (lall n taddart)
- a : nettlaɣa zeg-s ( a baba)
- bu : bab n …. (buɣrum)
- aya : manaya (aya iɣari, anict uya, aya d uyin)
ha mamec i dd-tettas tekmel :
aya lall, aya lall, aya lall, a buya
Yezmer ad yili deg umezwar ǧa ttawyen-dd izlan-a x bab (niɣ lall) n wurar, n wi yeggin tawiza, n wi yesbedden atmun…
Tabiblyugrafit :
Delheure Jean, Dictionnaire ouargli-français, SELAF, Paris 1987
Hart Montgomery David, the Aith Wariaghar of the Moroccan Rif : An ethnography and History, university of Arizona press, Vicking Fund Publication In Anthropology, 1976.
Souifi Hamid, les unités significatives de la phrase verbale simple d’un parler berbère de : Villa san Jurjo / Alhucemas ’’Ajdir’’ (Rif/ Maroc Nord), thèse de doctorat, université de Toulouse-le-Mirail, 1998.
[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2QAn9-0w1Bw
[2] Buya : amie, compagne, demoiselle d’honneur dans une noce. Maîtresse, amante.


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Gaya
Gaya d agellid aneggaru n tgelda n masilya uqbel ad tt-yesdukel mmi-s Mass-nsen yesзa 04 n warrac id-yebder umezruy ( wigi ur llin ara d arraw n taklitin n Gaya maca d arraw n tlelliyin ) d Mass-nsen Ulzasen Feryal d Masilba .
amezry[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Gaya d mmi-s n Zilalsan n Ilmas d baba-s n ugellid ameqqran Mass-nsen amezzwaru yiwen seg yigelliden meqqren deg umezruy n Tfriqt Ugafa i yxedmen akken ad teddukel Tageldit n Inumiden yemmut Gaya deg useggas n 207 uqbel n tlalit n sidna Ɛisa .
yexdem nnfaq d Qerṭaj yernu yerra tagelda n Lmazisul ar deffir imiren d sifaks i tt-igelden . yekcem tamdint n hibu Ɛennaba tura yerra-tt d Tamanaɣt . si rrbeḥ ɣer wayeḍ akka armi yeweḍ tamdint n Kulu (Skikda) armi d tisilisa n wass-a gar Lezzayer d Tunes .
mi yekfa nnfaq d qertaj yezgan d ccwal d Ruma . yexdem amwali n talwit yid-sen . yuzen-asen-d mmi-s d umekkasu-ines Mass-nsen ula d iqertajiyen uzenen-d mmi-s n uqerru-nsen ɣer teɣremt n Gaya . yedda cwiya d qertaj di nnfaq-ines mgal Rum.
yessegra-d ussan-is ineggura i umennuɣ d tgelda tamazisulit i yegled ugellid Sifaks umi tamurt-ines tezga-d si kulu armi d muluca di tmurt n Lmerruk n wass-a . yesebbel tudert-ines akken ad timɣur tgelda-ines armi dayen .
ɣef waya i yeddukel d Saderbaɛl ( agellid n Sbenyul n wass-a ) akken ad-as-id yezzi i sifaks si sin n yidisan . di taggara n tudert-ines ibeddel isem-ntgelda-ines si Masilya lmeɛna-s Mmi-s n yilel ar Numidya n usamar yessegra-d tagelda yelhan tban-d deg Masensen ardekal . deg useggas n 207 uqbel n tlalit n lmasiḥ yemmut Gaya yegled mmi-s Ulzasen syin d Kabusa ass mi id-ḍra tiyita n uwanek tefka deg-s Qerṭaj afus yegled Lakumzis maca masensen yerra-d azref-ines ikemmel asemlil n Tageldit n Inumiden


text:
« Yessefk ad nesseǧhed asileɣ akken ad nezmer ad nerr i usuter n wakk timsukin n yisensa akked tmerriyin i la d-yettlalen deg wakal aɣelnaw, ladɣa deg Bgayet yesɛan agerruj », i yezzireg uneɣlaf i yimasayen idiganen, mi iga tirzi-s, ɣer temdint n Uweqqasn i d-yezgan deg 20 km s agmuḍ n Bgayet akked wammas n usileɣ uzzig deg « tmerrit akked yisaduren n usensu ».
Yers deg yiwen n udeg d lǧennet, yezga-d gar udrar akked yilel, tamsukt-a tesɛa uguren teggumma ad tefferfer, ɣas akken tesɛa isgulaf akked yiselmaden n uswir unnig.
Da tṣub da tuli, ammas-a n usileɣ la iremmes deg yal anekcum timiḍi n yimanunen, yebḍan ɣef 4 yigzumen gar-asen « asefrek n usensu », « taseknadegt », « aniwel » akked « trisiti n uzadaɣ », tewɛer-asen ad ssemmden amḍan n yimanunen ɣef mennaw n tmentilin, ladɣa acku ur yesɛi ara imeḍqan n tguni, tugget n win iregglen seg-s ɣef waya.


text:
« Deg ijjen umaḍal urid di wenni nneɣ, ttuɣa dinni ijjen uḥudri d Amaziɣ, qqaren-as Lusyus, ittwamsex d asnus, ittmuttuy zeg wemkan ɣer wenniḍen, yettwala anict midden d iqubbaniyen d ifɣulen, ɣer umeggaru Takuct tamisriyt Izis terr-it-id ɣer tabenadmit-nnes ».
Ina d iwalen izemmren ad aneɣ-wcen ijjen uxarres d ameqqran x ungal n « asnus n wureɣ ». Yura-t umari d umwenni d ufilusuf Amaziɣ Anumid Lukyus Apulyus. Niɣ amek i das-qqaren s Tmaziɣt « Afulay ».
Amungal amezwaru deg umezruy
Deg ijjen ddcar qqaren-as « Madur » umi qqaren lux « Medawruc » di jjihet n suqq Ahras deg usammer n Lezzayer. Dinni ig ilul Afulay deg usegg°as n 125. Ungal n « iɣefmuttuyen » (métamorphoses) niɣ « Asnus n wureɣ » s yiles Alatini aqdim. Ungal-a wanita d ungal weḥḥd-s min ɣer illa tunɣilin (copiés) ttwaḥḍant. Ungal-a iksi ca n 11 n izegnan. Yettwaḥsab d ungal aqqdim amezzwaru.
Zi Ruma ɣer Uya … Amsiriḍ (procès)
Apulyus, d ijjen uḥudri tuɣa irezzun x tmessna mani mma tella. Izwar-as iraḥ ɣer Ruma, mamec ikka timura n usammer ɣer Aliksindariya. Ar ɣa izdeɣ di Uya niɣ di Traplus yiḍ-a. Idwel d aḍbib din, yewwi ijjen temɣart d Talibit qqaren-as Imiliya Budentilla. Maca netta wer yeqqim ca mliḥ aked iḍegg°alen-nnes. Xenni nnan-as belli netta ittegg agezzen. Agezzen deg izerfan Irumiyen ttuɣa ttekksen x-as buḥbel. X manaya iberra ixef-nnes s ijjen udlis qqaren-as « lmurafaɛa n Sebrata » isseplika dag-s mamec tettraḥ tussna, tafizikt, yenna-asen i yenni i t-ittahmen belli d iqubbaniyen.
Taweḥdanit
Lmurafaɛa-nni yura yettwaḥsab zeg idlisen n tsekla isebḥanen di Trumiyt. Amezruy wer yuri bu aṭṭas x mamec i iyura Afulay, kkes manaya ɣir umi i d-nnan ila yemmut deg usegg°as n 180.
Nnan x-as belli inna « Nec ttekkreɣ s temslayin la s yiles agriki niɣ wenni alatini, s tira-nni s ixef-nnsent […] ».
Yura Apulyus ca n 18 n idlisen jar wungal d tenfust d tlemmudin tiplaṭunin, timessna d tussniwin n ugama d anstugrumi d tfilusuft d uẓawan.
Tala: Maghrebvoices


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Yura-d udiplumati Said Djinnit adlis ɣef umennuɣ n tmeṭṭut tafriqitAkwas, 28 Yulyu 2022 13:15
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Yessemned-d udiplumati Said Djinnit, ass n ukras, asarag s Internet ɣef udlis-nnes amaynu « Tazmamt n Maputo niɣ Tabṛat-inu n Tayri i Tmeṭṭut Tafriqit » s udraw n kra n yimeskaren d-yeflalin. Wa d adlis ay d-yellan d tagga ɣef tmeṭṭut n umenẓaw deg ukatar n Uneggaf n Maputo.
Arẓam n yizirig agennan gar Zzayer Tamaneɣt d Addis Abeba d asurif ameqqranAkwas, 07 Yulyu 2022 11:59
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Tenna-d tselwayt n Tegduda n Ityupya, Massa Sahle-Work Zewde, ass n ukras deg Zzayer Tamaneɣt, dakken aɣtas n urẓam n yizirig agennan gar Zzayer Tamaneɣt d Addis Abeba d « asurif ameqqran » deg useḍru n wuggumen ucriken gar Zzayer d Ityupya.


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215
ÇA PEUT T'INTÉRESSER
Mazal Tov! Menahem Mendel Karsenty (Paris 19) est ‘Hatan avec ‘Haya Mouchka Gabay (Paris 16) Mazal Tov! Israel Arie Leib Gabay est ‘Hatan avec Liora Dvora Goldberg le 13 Elloul 5779 Mazal Tov! Chneor Zalman Tahtel est Hatan avec Hinda Esther Nisselevitch Mazal Tov! Israel Arie Leib Barouk (fils de Morde’hai) est ‘Hatan avec Esther Orlova Rostov (Ma’hon ‘Hanna) Mazal Tov ! Haim Hertz (Anvers) est Hatan avec Esther Golda Azimov (fille du Rav Mendel) Mazal Tov! Bérélé Lubecki est Hatan avec Esther Sebbag (Toulouse) le 10 Hechevan 5780 Mazal Tov! Menahem Mendel Abecassis (Paris 12) est Hatan avec Haya Mouchka Attal (fille d’Elie, Paris 19) Mazal Tov ! Mendel Chemama (Paris 11) est Hatan avec ‘Haya Chelli (Paris 19) Mazal Tov ! Yossi Mergui (Paris 19ème) est Hatan avec Batcheva Halfon (Paris 18ème) Mazal Tov ! Chneor Chemama (Paris 11) est Hatan avec Léa Lechan (Paris 10) Mazal Tov ! Menahem Naccache (Paris) est ‘Hatan avec Dvorah Guez (Paris) Mazal Tov ! Mendy Zeschkowski (Paris 10) est Hatan avec Hanni Elmkies (Paris 17) Mazal Tov ! Daniel Msika (Lyon) est Hatan avec Chochana Halfon (Paris 18eme) Mazal Tov! Mendel Attal (fils d’Eli, Paris 19) est ‘Hatan avec Dvorah Chalem (Marseille) Mazal Tov ! Menahem Mendel Djian (Paris 15ème) est Hatan avec Sarah Odel Benelbaz (Yerres )


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wehhiVB [wehhi]
indiquer, montrer; faire signe
Flexions wehhiiwehhi ittwehhin wehhin twehha wehhant ttwehhimt tettwehhi wehhiɣ ttwehhint twehhim twehhaḍ twehhamt ttwehhi yettwehhi wehhit tettwehhimt twehhi wehhint nwehha iwehhin ttwehhiɣ nettwehhi twehhiḍ yettwehhin twehhimt iwehha wehhan ttwehhit ittwehhi wehhimt ttwehhin nwehhi wehhaɣ twehham iwehhan tettwehhiḍ wehhi tettwehhim
Sources wehhi
- BOUAMARA Kamel, Issin : Asegzawal n teqbaylit s teqbaylit, Editions l'Odyssée, Tizi-Ouzou, 2010
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982
Phrases avec le mot wehhi
Yuɣal netta s tiṭ kan i yaɣ-d-ittwehhi .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]
Mi yewweḍ, yufa ayen akk iwehha s tiṭ-is ur issawweḍ aḥric wis meyya n wayen illan zdat wallen-is imir .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]
Netta ifhem dɣa yunef, syin iwehha-yas amkan i Wezna . - qim dagi, ur tegg aɣilif, amkan intel, sedreg iman-im, ad d-nuɣal ɣurem .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]


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Aṭṭas n trezzutin deg yiger n umezruy i yessiwlent x usegg°as n Buheyyuf di Arrif. Nzemmer a ɣer-s naf ismawen nniḍen am « ɛam jjuɛ, asegg°as n qernuc, ɛam lbun.. ». Ijjen tzawa d lazaɣ yelqef tammurt n Arrif mayen yejjin asegg°as n tfellaḥt ad yefcel. Uca aya yejj-d ijjen buheyyuf d ameqqran jar imezdaɣ.
Ispunya ufin belli manaya s tidet yeqqseḥ aṭṭas. Iwessura n Arrif deg usegg°as-nni ɛemmers ma ɛeqlen i ca n buheyyuf am wenni yekka x Arrif. Xminni neqqar Arrif, nessawal da kṭer x jjihet n Kert d Arrif. Niɣ jjihet n Nnaḍur d Lḥusima. Tiqebbal n Arrif bdant ttcacant s manaya. Imken da ad d-nfekker twacunt n umari Arifi Muḥemmed Cukri ig inɛerqen ɣer Ṭanja. Aṭṭas n tqebbal di Arrif yemsar-asent am lwacun n Cukri ig inɛerqen ɣer Ṭanja, Zerhun, Ɛin Tawjḍaḍt, Lezzayer… Ijjen tewriqt d taspanyut tessawal x manaya teqqar « Lxezrat-nneɣ aqqa-yent x yebriden n Arrif.. Mayen nẓerr luxa am tinni min xef issawal tturah x ibuheyyufen i yellan di lɛahed aqdim ».
Di lweqt-nni, ttuɣa igran d tbeḥḥar i yuẓɣen, d iɣezran iffuden, wulli jafen di taryiwin. Di Mayyu n 1945 nɛerqen ca n 18579 n yiwdan zi jjihet n Arrif (Lḥusima luxa d jjwayeh-nnes) d 4440 zi Kert (Nnaḍur yiḍ-a d jjwayeh-nnes)… Ḥaca di Kṭuber 7871 n midden hajren zi Arrif, ɛawed d 8582 zi Kerṭ. Ɛawed aɛraq di Arrif (Lḥusima) ibda ihekk°a zi Abril n 1946 ar ca n 1285. Maca di Kerṭ tgeɛɛed ar 16321 n midden ig itelɛen.
Aṭṭas n tḥuja i ttɛawaden midden x lɛahed-nni, nettaf umi qqaren « ɛam n qernuc ». Ittsemma ttuɣa tetten ijjen marka n arrbiɛ qqaren-as « qernuc » niɣ « iyerni ». Arrbiɛ-a ttuɣa dag-s ssem, d aṭṭas n yiwdan i yenɣan. Zi tḥuja i yellan ɛawed ila midden ttuɣa tteggen aɣrun s leɣbar n lmal aked ubelluḍ. Mamec din wi yexsen ad bellɛen xef tudrin-nnsen, ad nɣen ixef-nnsen minzi wer ufin min ɣa ccen merra. Maca s tidet ɛawed tettafed belli midden aṭṭas i ttuɣa ittmettan minzi wer ufin min ɣa ccen.
Lḥajet tamezwarut i yeggin Ispuniya zzat i weɛraq-a wa n Irifiyen, ad bedden deg wudem-nnes. Ad xezren mamec ɣa ggen ad afen lxedmet i imezdaɣ. Nettaf ɛawed, ila di jjwayeh n Waccawen, Jjbala d Llukus ad snewjun lwacunat zi jjwayeh nniḍen n Arrif. Ispunya xedmen x manaya mliḥ, wwḍen imezdaɣ-nni ig iruḥen ɣer ledcur-nni ɣer ca n 19810 zi 27115 n midden ig ihajren. Zi mayen ggin Ispunya zeɛma maḥend ad bedden deg wudem n manaya. Ad sbedden azenzi n tmurt jar midden. Minzi ijjen uzgen d ameqqran zeg imezdaɣ ttuɣa znuzan timura-nnsen maḥend ad raḥen ad zedɣen di tneddam, niɣ deg imucam mani tella tfellaḥt mliḥ.
Ispunya nnan ɛawed ila ixess-asen ad ggen ca n fabrikat i di ɣa sxedmen iwdan di Biyya. Ad bnan ca n ugguyen d imeẓẓyanen i ɣa iḥḍan aman maḥend wer ittemsar waya n tzawa. Xelli amenni, din wi ɣa yella ijjen rray nniḍen yeqqar belli Ispunya wer ggin ca min x-asen maḥend ad sbedden lmujet-nni n Irifiyen ig inɛarqen ɣer tmura nniḍen.
S tidet ijjen uzgen n Irifiyen dewlen-d ɣer Arrif zegga teɛda tzawa. Maca ɛawed din ijjen uzgen d ameqqran nniḍen n Irifiyen i yexḍaren ad qqimen di tmura mani ruḥen. La ɣer Lezzayer min ixef i d-yuzzel deg usegg°as n 1975. Alaḥsab amxumbel apulitik i ttuɣa yellan jar Lmuɣrib d Lezzayer. Mamec di Zerhun ɛawed Irifiyen ggin din ledcur-nnsen, maca tarwa-nnsen yiḍ-a ttwaɛarben, drus wi iqqimen ssawalen Tmaziɣt.
Tnayen n imariten i nzemmer ad neydar, nejmen-d zi Buheyyuf-a. Ijjen d Muḥemmed Cukri ig izedɣen di Ṭanja. D Muḥemmed Lacɛari, awzir n tussna i yezwaren, i ttuɣa baba-s netta zi Buḍileb (Jer Temsaman d Ayt Tuzin).