text:
Tudert n Eebd Al Ëamid Ben Badis
Isem-is d laûel-is :
Isem-isn Eebd Al Ëamid Ben Muêammed Al musîafa Ben Al Makki Ben Muêammad Kaêul Ben Ali, jedd-is amezwaru d « Mennad Ben Menquc » aqerru n tezmalt n « telkana » (ne$ Tulukkata ne$ telkat), d tin d-yu$en a²²éar seg tezmalt n iûenhaoen yellan ger tezmalin yettwasnen aîas di Lezzayer d lme$reb ineslem s umata.
Tawacult-is d tin yettwassnen s yisse$ d seaya d tmusni, frurin-d deg-s aîas n wudmawen n umezruy yettwasnen seg-sen : Al mueiz li din Allah ben Badis, anabav yettwasnen aîas deg uwanuk aûenhaoi yettwasnen s yisem n « Beni Ziri », $ef yisem n ugeldun « Belkin Ben Ziri Ben Mennad Aûenhaoi ».
Akken d-frurin seg-s waîas n imusnawen, yenna-d Ibn Xeldun belli uger n 40 imusnawen si twacult n Ben Badis i yedduklen deg yiwet n tallit deg uselmed d lfetwa d wayen nniven, akken yella usezref di Qsenîina d lxedma n imunawen n twacult-agi, ger imsezraf yettwasnen « Abu Al Eebbas Ëmida Ben Badis » d jedd-is s babas « Al Mekki Ben Badis ».
Babas d Muêammad Al musîafa Ibnu Badis yeqdec di tfellaêt d tanzut, yesea leqder meqren yella d aeeggal n useqqamu unnig azzayri, d amcaweô n tedint n Qsenîina, tefka-yas Fôansa cciea n leqder.
Deg useggas n 1945 d netta i yeselken imezda$ n Wad Zennati ur ten-sengren ara iôumyen deffir n tedyanin n 08 Mayu 1945.
Yemma-s d Zhiôa Bent Eli , si twacult n Beni Oellul yettwasnen s tusna d yisse$ d seaya di temdint n Qsenîina n tezmalt n « Bni Meeeaf » yettwasnen deg idurar n Wewôas.
Talalit-is :
Ilul-d ccix Eebd Al Ëamid Ben Badis ass n laôebea 11 di Öabie Atani 1307 h, yeddan d 04 duoe mbeô 1889 n tlalit di temdint n Qsenîina, d netta i d amenzu n imawlan-is.
Ttrebga d uselmed-is :
Yekker-d ccix Eebd Al Ëamid Ben Badis deg uxxam yeîfen di ddin d côee n Öebbi, yefkan azal i ttôebga n tarwa-nsen ttrebga tineslemt d wensayen n tnaûlit $ef aya yefka-t baba-s asmi yesea 05 n iseggasen $er ccix « Muêammad Ben Al meddasi » d amusnaw ameqran n t$uriwin n leqran di Qsenîina, yelmed Leqran d t$uri-s asmi yesea 13 n iseggasen, asmi d-tban fell-as tiêerci d ttrebga yelhan iqedm-it ad iéal ttaôwiê s medden tlata n iseggasen wa deffir wa di « loamie Al kabir ». Aseggas 1903 yeba ilemmed tussna n tutlayt taerabt d tcereit di tmezgida n « Sidi Mêemmed Annaoaô » $er ccix ameqran « ccix Ëemdan Al wennisi » yellan ger imezwura i yeooan lateô yelhan di tudert n Ibnu Badis.
Deg useggas n 1908 yunag $er Tunes akken ad ikemmel almud-is, ad isnerni tamusni-s di tmezgida n Zaytuna, anda ye$ra $er waîîas n imusnawen yettwasenen am « Muêammad Anaxli al qayrawani », « Muêammad Aîîahar Ben Eacuô », « Muêammad Al xavr Ben Al êusin », « Muêammad Aûûadaq Annifer » d ccix « Al Bacir Üafar »…, deg useggas n 1911 yewwi-d agerdas « attaîwie tagera$lant » seld tlata n isegasen n leqdic d t$uri iêersen, yuzga-d d amerwaru ger meôôa inelmaden d-yef$en imir-en ; ala netta i yellan d azzayri i d-yef$en si « Zzaytuna » aseggas-nni.
yes$ar aseggas di Tunes seld mi yekfa almud-is, akken llan xedmen meôôa wid –d-ittf$en imir-en.
Inig-is $er tmurt n Al êioaz
Asmi d-yu$al ccix Ben Badis si Tunes, yella yiswi-s amezu d aselmed di tmurt-is « Qsenîina », srid yebda yettak timsirin seg udlis « Accifa-e » n umusnaw « al qavi Eayav » di loamee Al kabir, maca « lmefti » n Qsenîina ibeggee-it $er iôumyen d$a sêebsen leqdic-is, d$a yegmen ad d-iêuo aseggas n 1913.
Mi d-yekfa lêio-is iôuê $er Lmadin al munawaôa anda yufa ccix-is Ëemdan Lwinisi yeqqim din tlata n wagguren, dinna i yessen ccix Lbacir Al Ibôahimi, yeseedda yid-s uvan ttnadin allen s wacu ara ssalin Lezzayer.
Akken s-d-tûuê tegnitt yemlal d waîas n imusnawen ger-asen : «ccix Ëusin Aêmad al fayv Abadi Al hindi », d$a yefka-d tamsirt di « Al êaram annabawi » zdat n imusnawen-agi d waîas n medden dinna.
Di tallit-ag yufa-d ibnu Badis iman-is ger sin iberdan ; ma ad ya$ awal i ccix-is « Al wennisi » i yeb$an ad yeqqim yides i lebda di Lmadina Al munawaôa, ad yettu meôôa ayen t-icudden d tmurt-is ne$ ad yeîîef ôôay n ccix Lêusin Aêmad Al hindi i s-yennan belli ilaq ad yu$al $er tmurt-is akken ad yeqdec $ef ddin-is d tutlayt-is, yu$al yesteqnae s ôôay wis ssin d$a yu$al-d $er tùmurt-is.
Deg ubrid n tu$alin ieedda-d $ef Maûar, irza $er « al Oamie Al azhaô » di lqahiôa, iwala amek iteddu uselmed dinna, sin akin yerza $er Lmufti n Maûar ccix Muêammad Buxit Al muîiei » deg wexxam-is di Ëalwan netta d umeddakel-is « Ismaeil oa$ar » d ccix di Al Azhar. Timlilit n ccix Ben Badis d Lmuti n Maûar tegla-yas-d s yiwet n « lioaza » seld mi s-yefka izen s-yura ccix Al wennisi.
Leqdic-is deg useqeed (abeddel n liêala n tmurt $er wayen yelhan)
- Ttrebga d uselmed :
Yefka Ibnu Badis azal meqren i ttrebga d uselmed di leqdic-is ilmend n useggem n liêala n tmurt, imi d ttrebga i d lsas n lebni d useqeed, $ef aya yefka-yas meôôa lweqt-is d loehd-is, yebda aselmed-is di Loamae Al Axvar aseggas n 1914, yes$ar inelùmaden deg uzal, yexdem ahil i yal aswir, ma d timeddiyen yettak-timsirin n ufesser n Leqran d usegzi n lêadit n Nnbi seg udlis « al muwaîîa », rnu $er waya timsirin n uwelleh i yemdanen, akken yettak timsiri i igerdan yeqqaren Leqran, sin akin yessewsee leqdic-is s temsirin nniven di tmezgida « Sidi Gemmuc » d tmezgida « Sidi Eedb Lmumen », ma deg ussan n westaefu irezzu $er temnavin nniven n tmurt.
Asmi eeddan kra n iseggasen $ef uselmed-is di leowamee, walan kra n wid t-iqerben ad sbedden yiwen n useqqamu n uselmed amenzu s tutlayt taerabt deg useggas n 1926, aseggas n 1930 teffe$-d seg-s « tidukla n ttrebga d uselmed ineslem. yessawel i meôôa izzayriyen akken ad sbedden ifurka-s di temnavin nniven n Lezzayer.
Seg wazal yefka i inelmaden-is, yesbed yiwen n useqqamu yetteasan fell-asen d tikli-nsen, d tallelt-nsen s tedrimt iêwaoen, akken iceggee wid d-yufraren seg-sen izemren ad kemlen leqraya-nsen $er « Oamie Azzaytuna » di Tunes.
Yessawel $er uselmed n tmeîîut, yefka-yas azal meqren imi yella ixeddem-asen timsirent n uwelleh di loamie al axvaô, akken ixeddem timsirin i tullas deg u$erbaz n tidukla n ttrebga d uselmed ineslem mebla idrimen, iga-asent abrid akken ad kemlent almud-nsent di tsennawit d ulemmud unnig di tmura n (Lmacriq).
Yessawel i wid iqedcen deg weêric n ttrebga d uselmed $er yiwen n useqqamu aseggas n 1937 i useqeed n wahilen n ttrebga d uselmed di « Nadi attaraqi » akken ad mbeddalen tikta d wamek ara yeddu uselmed n taerabt ilelli deg i$erbazen d leowamee. Akken ittekka deg useggem n uselmed di Oamie azzaytuna imi yuzen tikta-s d wayen yettxemmim $ef ttrebga d uselmed i tesqamut yettukelfen s wayenni i d-yesbed unabbav n Tunes aseggas n 1931
- Ta$amsa :
Iwala ccix Ben Badis belli abeddel n liêala n tmurt ur d-yettili ar kan s ttôebga d uselmed, $ef aya yekcem annar n t$amsa yeslal-ed a$mis « al muntaqid » aseggas 1925, yu$ lêaml yella yettaru imagraden deg we$mis « Annaoaê » s yisem « Alqasanîini » ne$ « Al Eabsi ».
Maca a$mis « Al muntaqid » ur yeddir ara aîas acekku illa yettmeslay-d $ef tillawt s teqseê, $ef waya yettuseêbes deg uîun wis 18 yines, ixlef-it-id we$mis « Accihab » d-yettef$en yal dduôt 4 n iseggasen wa deffir wa, sin akin yu$al d tas$unt tettef$-ed yal aggur di Furar 1929, akken ad yevmen tiddin igerzen n leqdic-is di t$amsa yeldi axxam n usizreg isemma-yas « Axxam n tezregt ineslem azzayri » deg-s i d-yessufe$ i$misen-is d 4 n ye$misen n « tidukla n imusnawen inselmen izzayriyen » wigi : « assunna Al muêammadiya », « Accariea », « Assiôaî » d « Al baûa-ir »
- Leqdic-is di tsertit :
Ïuqten iberdan n ccix Ben Badis i ubeddel n teswiet $ef Lezzayer, tasertit d yiwen seg iberdan-agi, yefka-d aîas s leôyuy-is d tikta-s deg wayen yeenan timsal timeqranin n lumma tineslemt i wumi yefka meôôa tudert-s.
Ger leôyuy-is isertiyen :
- Deg useggas 1931 yura « Tigejda n usenbev di Lislam »
- Yesea afus deg usexsi n tmes d-yekren ger yinselmen d wudayen.
- Yessawel $er weswir ineslem yerna ittekka deg-s di Yunyu 1936.
- Yedda d terbaet n usarag $er Baris di yulyu 1937.
- Öôay-is deg wayen tôeggem Faôansa.
- Yemmeslay d tesqamutt n unadi di lbaôlaman n Fransa di yebrir 1937.
- Yessawel i nnuwab akken ur ttekkayen ara deg iseqquma n nuwab di $uct 1937.
- Yessawel i yezzayriyen akken ur ttekkayen ara deg usfugel n umulli wis mya $ef unekcum n Fôansa $er Lezzayer.
- Öôay-is deg wayen yeenan lqanun n 8 Me$res.
- Ibedd-d mgal tasertit n use$red n izzayriyen ….
- Ibed mgal meôôa wid yettaeraven ad bvun izzayriyen.
- Yefka azal imeôôa timsal n umaval ineslem.
- Yettnadi tilelli n tmurt-is.
Ibn Badis d tidukla n imusnawen inselmen izzayriyen
Seg useggas n 1913 mi yella di lmadina Al munnawaôa i yesea ccix Ben Badis tikti n usbeddi n tidukla, issers-s tiôekkizin netta d umeddakel-is ccix Al Ibôahimi, xedmen aîas n temliliyin akken ad heggin i usbeddi-is seg useggas 1920, deg useggas 1924 yessuter si ccix Lbacir Al Ibôahimi akken ad s-yexdem asavuf amerdu ara iseddun tidukla-agi ara yesduklen ger imusnawen d inelmaden akken ad sduklen i$allen-nsen s yisem « n tegmatt n tusna » ad yili wemkan-is di Qsenîina, maca vrant-d tedyanin i yesêebsen asenfaô-agi.
Ikemmel yettaerav ad yesbed tidukla-agi, ayen ieawnen deg uslali n tidukla-agi tagnitt i s-ihegga imi yenced meôôa imusnawen ad fken ôôayat-nsen amek ara tili tidukla-agi, akken yenced deg useggas 1928 inelmaden d-yu$alen si Tunes d tmura n « Lmacriq » $er yiwen n useqamu i deg ara gen ahil swacu ara d-slalen tdukla-agi. Di tallit-agi iban-d wesrir « nadi attaraqi » d ulemmas n yedles i yesean later akken yella d amviq n temlilit n imusnawen izzayriyen, yessuter ccix Ben Badis seg wid it-id isbedden akken ad sbedden yiwet n tesqamut aselway-is d « Eumar Ismaeil » akken ad heggin i wesbeddi n tidukla.
Deg useggas 1930 asmi eeddan 100 n iseggasen $ef unekcum n irumyen $er Lezzayer, tlul-d tidukla n imusnawen inselmen izzayriyen deg was n ttlat 05 mayu 1931, usan-d uger n 72 imusnawen si meôôa timnavin n Lezzayer $r nadi attaraqi, yettwafren ccix Ben Badis d aselway-is ma d ccix Al Ibrahimi d win ara t-ixelfen.
Tamettant-is d yedlisen d-yeooa:
Yessawev ccix Ben Badis leefu n Öebbi deg wass n ttlata 16 Yebrir 1940 di Qsenîina, tella-d temvelt-is $ef leaûer n wass wiss sin n tmetant-is, d inelmaden-is i t-yessawven $er uéekka-s, akken êevren uger n 100000 n yemdanen i d-yusan si meôôa tamurt n Lezzayer.
Meôôa izzayriyen êeznen $ef tmettan-is, ger wayen-dyenna ccix Al earbi Attbessi di temvelt-is : yella ccix Ben Badis di loihad-is d leqdic-is d Lezzayer meôôa, ihi ilaq $ef izzayriyen meôôa ad ilin d Eebd Al êamid Ben Badis. Akken d-yenna fell-as umedyaz Muêammad Al eid Al Xalifa asefru deg unamek-is :
Aya rrezg-ik a yaéekka, ma teêûiv s win d-yerzan $ur-k
Wagi d Ben Badis i n-iteddun $ur-k
D amusnaw ameqran yewwev s tusna-s meôôa timura
Yessaki-d lezzayer seg yives ivulen yerra-d tudert i wegdud.
Armi s-yenna :
Ïîes di talwit imi agdud deffir yuki-d yedda deg ubrid id-neorev
Ur ttagad $ef wayen d-teooiv ur yettvie ara.
Yeooa-d Ben Badis later meqren di tmusni, yefka-d Öebbi wid i ten-id- ijemeen i ten-id-yessyf$en, ger-asen :
- Tabrat d tiririt $ef yir awal
- Ayen yettêuddun seg wayen yettôuéun.
- Afesser n Ibn Badis (yessufe$-it-id Aêmed Bucemmal aseggas 1948 sin akin yessufe$-id unelmad-is Muêemmed ûaleê Öemvan)


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text:
Tizi Wezzu
Tizi Wezzu d tamnaṭṭ deg usammer acerqi n Tamurt n Izwawen. Tikwal sawalen-as medden Tamnaṭṭ n Tizi Wezzu am wakken ad xedmen tamezla ɣef tamaneɣt-is Tamdint n Tizi Wezzu.
[beddel] Aẓar n wawal
Tizi Wezzu d awal id yussan deg tejeǧǧigt a zezzu, anda ass agi llant kra n tuddar is yessawalen Tizi Uzezzu, d'acu tugett n imezdaɣ tmurt n leqbayel ssawalen as Tizi Wezzu. Assa' deg lkaɣeḍ nettarutt Tizi Wezzu s te qbaylit , Tizi ouzou s te fransist.
[beddel] Tarakalt
Tizi Wezzu tezga azal n 70 km ɣef rrif n yilel agrakal (lebher) akk-d wazal n 60 km seg Bgayet; ɣef tlisa-s ad nef seg usammer Tubirett (80 km), ɣef wegmuɣ Bgayet, Bumerdes ɣef utaram.
S Tajumma n azal n 2.958 km2 tawilayet n Tizi Wezzu tella yiwet seg timnaḍin i meqren deg tmurt n yezwawen. Ahric ameqran n waman ttassen seg idurar n Djerdjer uqbel n ucercer-nsen ɣef wasif n Sbaɛu; llan deg-s watas n tifrawin am tefrawt n Taqsebt (160 imelyaren n m3).
Tizi Wezzu tesɛa azal n 1.222.334 n imezdaɣ (leḥṣab n 2005) s tajumma n 2958 km²; ɣef wagi tella yiwet n temnatt yesɛan azal meqqren deg Tefriqt ugafa.
Tamdint n Tezi Wezzu d tamaneɣt n temnatt i tella; 120 000 n imezdaɣ i ɣures (tesɛa).
Timdinin timeqranin n lwilayet n Tizi Wezzu:
- 1 Temdint n Tizi Wezzu
- 2 Larebɛa n Ayt Yiraten
- 3 Ɛin Lhemam
- 4 Iɛezzugen
- 5 Draɛ Ben Xedda
- 6 Delles
- 7 Tigzirt
[beddel] Ti ɣiwanin n Tizi Wezzu
LLant 67 (seddist sa) n te ɣiwanin deg Tizi Wezzu
- At-Yeḥya
- At-Bu-Yusef
- Aqbil
- Aṣqif n Ṭmana
- Iferḥunen
- At-Yillilten
- Imsuḥal
- Bu-Zegan
- At-Ziki
- Illulen-Umalu
- At-Yeǧǧer
- Iɛeẓẓugen
- Iɛekkuren
- Ifiɣa
- Friḥa
- Iɣil-n-Zekri
- Aẓeffun
- At-Cafaɛ
- Aɣrib
- Aqerru
- Tigzirt
- Iflisen
- Mizrana
- Makuda
- Bu-Jima
- Wagnun
- Timizar
- At-Ɛisa-Mimun
- Tizi-Raced
- At-Umalu
- Meqlaɛ
- At-Xlili
- Swamaɛ
- Larbɛa Nat-Yiraten
- At-Ɛegwaca
- Irǧen
- At-Yenni
- Iɛeṭṭafen
- Ibudraren
- At-Wasif
- At-Bu-Mahdi
- At-Tudert
- Iwaḍiyen
- At-Bu-Waddu
- Agni-n-Yeɣran
- Tizi-n-Tlata
- At Dwala
- At Ɛisi
- Ath maḥmud
- At Zmenzer
- Mɛatqa
- Ssuq-Letnin
- Draɛ-Lmizan
- Ɛin-Zawiya
- Friqat
- At-Yeḥya-Yusef
- Tizi-Ɣennif
- Imkiren
- Draɛ-Ben-Xedda
- Tadmayt
- Sidi-Neɛman
- Tirmitin
- Bu-Ɣni
- Assi-Yusef
- Bu-Nuḥ
- Amecras
- Tizi-Wezzu
[beddel] Amezruy
Seg taglest Tizi Wezzu tella daymen tettwazdeɣ s imaziɣen am isbeggen yisemis, imi deg tutlayt n izwawen Tizi Wezzu d asemlili i d tella, deg yiwen ufus tizi, deg wayeḍ azzu; ini n uwraɣ (ddheb)akk-d ccbaḥa i dehcen n tizi, yiwet n tama ɣef tayeḍ, tazmert agi i ixelqen ayen icebḥen Tizi Wezzu.
Ulac ayen i d-iqqimen seg umezruy atrar n Tizi Wezzu, anagar kra n lebni (usali) deg ukud n Irumaniyen. Deg ukud atrar ad nef yiwen wemkan i yesɛan kra n texxamin seg lweqt n Iturkiyen; amkan agi yefka-d talalit i wmarci n Samass (sebt) akk-d yiwet temdint (teɣremt) tamectuht, tella ar tura yiwet tiɣremt deg At Yiraten (azal n 25 km seg Tizi) i ttwabnan deg 1850 deg ukud n Taslekt Tafransist; tamdint agi tuɣal-ed teɣremt n Tizi Wezzu n tura.
[beddel] Tadamsa
Tadamsa n Tizi Wezzu tettwaḥkem s tlata n igzumen ixelqen idrimen merra n tamnaṭṭ:
[beddel] Tamerrit (tourisme)
Idurar n Djerdjer akk-d leǧwahi-nsen llan d aɣbalu n Turizm ameqran deg tamnaṭṭ n Tizi Wezzu imi yal aseggas ilulufen n lɣaci temsafren ɣur-es iwakken ad sɛedin lweqt n ustaɛfu-nsen; Taddart n Tala n yilef akk-d Tikejda d imukan i iɛejben aṭas n lɣaci deg lweqt n Skii.
Imukan n taɣedweft: Lwert Aromani: Tigzirt (Iomnium), Taqsebt (Rusupisir), Azzefun (Rosazu). Rrif n lebḥer (taftist) d ayen i ijebbden daɣen aṭas n medden di tamurt merra.
[beddel] Tamguri
Tella yiwet temguri tamectuḥt deg Tizi Wezzu lameɛna ur tesɛi ara tazmart meqqren ad teqneɛ aḥwaǧ n lɣaci ines.
Wigi d timetti meqqren deg Tizi Wezzu:
[beddel] Tafellaḥt (Ager)
Tafellaḥt (ager) mazal tella d agzum ameqran deg tudert n imezdaɣ n Tizi Wezzu am afares n zzit n uzemmur, tabexsist, tizurin atg.
[beddel] Asegmi
Tizi Wezzu d amkan anda tella yiwet tesdawit i meqqren deg tmurt, tasdawit n Lmulud at Maɛemer; 28,305 n inelmaden.
Aḥric ameqran n imezdaɣ n Tizi Wezzu ttmeslayen s Tamaziɣt (tutlayt n wegdud) akk-d tafransist (tutlayt tis snat).
[beddel] Addal
Ddabex d addal amezwaru deg tmurt n imaziɣen akken daɣen i yella deg Tizi Wezzu imi Aneɣlam n ddabex n Tizi Wezzu, Jeunesse Sportive de Kabylie neɣ JSK, d yiwen n wesrir yettwasnen deg Tefriqt merra.

robotstxt: allowed

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text:
Yezh digenvez
Ur yezh digenvez a zo anezhi ur yezh naturel hep liammoù gant yezh ebet all. Da lâret eo ne c'hell ket bezañ renket en ur familh-yezhoù bennaket.
A-wechoù e teu ur yezh da vezañ digenvez goude ma'z eo aet da get an holl yezhoù all eus ur familh-yezhoù bennaket. Ar pirahaneg (pe yezh pirahã) komzet e Brazil, da skwer, eo ar yezh nemeti a van c'hoazh eus an holl yezhoù a veze renket gwechall e-touez ar yezhoù murek.
A-wechoù ivez n'eus ket ket titour a-walc'h diwar-benn ur yezh bennaket a-benn gallout he renkañ e-touez yezhoù all en ur familh-yezhoù resis. Gant seurt yezhoù e sav alies damkanoù a glask diskwel e rankfent bezañ renket er familh-mañ'r-familh ha neuze e c'hellfer lâret ez eo yezhoù damdigenvez anezhe rak ne vezer ket sur penn-da-benn hag-eñ ez eus ul liamm familh etre ar yezhoù-se ha yezhoù all pe get.


text:
Di tezlatin-ik, teẓẓiḍ tikta-k, tid la yessakayen deg-neɣ ar ass-a. Tleqmeḍ taqbaylit terniḍ-as azal, tesrqaqseḍ taseddast-is, tecqarweḍ tajerrumt-is, tesermamzeḍ imeslayen-is, awal-is terniḍ-as di ccan d lhiba, tessuliḍ-t ɣer wis-sebɛa n igenwan...Tḥuddeḍ lmetred n teqbaylit seg iɣisi i d as-d-rebban yenɣimen-is.
Ass-a, ɣas ulac-ik telliḍ, imi telliḍ seg wid yettaẓen ɣer sdat, seg wid yessasnen imru di tmusni. Telliḍ seg wid i d-yebnan lḥiḍ n tlelli d tugdut i wegdud aqbayli ( Amaziɣ ) akken ad iqabel aqebli yerɣan i d-isuḍen seg usamar d umalu. Yid-k tewwiḍ amennuɣ, teǧǧiḍ-aɣ-d tiyita, tiyita-nni yugin ḥellu, tiyita-nni ur nqebbel tatut. Ḥuzan-ak ur aɣ-zgilen ara, ḥuzan-aɣ s wayen yeglan yes-sek. Yella udeddic tettawi tatut, yella wayeḍ yettɣimi-d i cfawat. Adeddic i aɣ-d-teǧǧiḍ ur yesɛi dwa ḥellu, ur t-nebɣi ad yeḥlu, yers d lǧerra ur nmessu deg wubrid n tlelli d tugdut, akken agdud-ik ad iẓer ansi i d-yekka, ad iẓer d acu-t d wayen yebɣa. Seg imeṭṭi neflent tudrin, run ula d wid ur k-nessin, seg wassen anezgum yufa tasga deg ulawen, ɣas adrar n Ǧerǧer, yecfa, yesrareḥ abbuh a tarwa! Deg urebi-s i texnunseḍ, yeffeɣ wayen akken tcareḍ, asmi tenniḍ: “Xelṣaɣ adrar s idammen-iw, ad d-yeqqim later-iw, mazal ṣṣut-iw ad yebeɛzaq...” mazal ṣṣut-ik ireɛɛed am rɛud di tegnawt n teqbaylit, mazal anza-k yettuɣal-d, yessawal-d di yal tiɣilt, aqbayli ad t-id-yessaki.
Lukan i d-ttaran imeṭṭawen tili ad ten-ru d idamen, ad nengi d iɣeẓrawen awi-d kan ad tuɣaleḍ, limmer di d-yettuɣal wayen iɛeddan tilli ad nerhen ula d ayen i d-iteddun. Ass-a ur nezmir ad k-id-ner, ur tezrreḍ amek d yid-neɣ teḍra.
Ɣef lmut-ik uwḍen 14 d aseggas, yemma-k ur teḥbis imeṭṭi, ur teḥbis tikli, tettnadi ɣef win ik-yenɣan, win id as-yeksen mmi-s, win itt-yesgujlen, temuteḍ temmut yid-k, gezren-as yimcumen tasa-nni trebba fell-ak, bḍan-as-tt d ttuna, sreẓgen-as tudert.
Tajmilt i nezmer neɣ ahat i tebɣiḍ ad ak-ner d akemmel deg wubrid yenjer uḍar-ik, abrid n tugdut, abrid n tlelli, a brid n tidmi d yiseɣ. Iɛdawen neẓra-ten: “ d at yetran ɣef tuyat, akked imesḥaf-nni, d widenni umi tbudeḍ tifis!” mazal reglen-aɣ-d iberdan, mazal deg-neɣ kkaten. Lwennas! Telliḍ-aɣ d tafat i wallen d wallaɣ, telliḍ-aɣ d tamusni, d tilelli, telliḍ-aɣ d lewhi i la nettawi di tudert-nneɣ. Tuɣaleḍ-aɣ d tallit i deg d-yettbaɛziq wayen yefren.
Lwennas ! Sgunfu deg urebbi n talwit, amḍiq-ik ata-n ger yitran, tuɣaleḍ d itri n ttṛegga i d-iɛussen ɣef tamurt n Yiqbayliyen, s idisan-ik : Dda Lmulud, Muḥya, Muḥend Arab Besaɛud, Wari, Iɛemrucen d yemmat-sen, Dda Sliman , Ǧaɛuṭ d wiyaḍ merra, yal mi ara neɛreq, yis-wen i nettaf abrid, teẓẓam deg-neɣ imɣi n tnaṣlit, tleqmem-t yessegma d ajgu n tlelli d talwit. Yal ass tellam-aɣ d laɛnaya.
Yak qqaren argaz d win yewḍen ɣer tlisa n yiman-is, keč tzegreḍ akkin i tlisa n yiman-ik...Isem-ik amennuɣ...d tafat yuɣen deg wallaɣen n wid k-iḥemmlen. Irnaten M. & Dj. Nait


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Ttxemmim kan ala af ufessi, sbextiren s ibernyas-nsen am ticki d ibernyas nni igelliden. Am akken ad d-qqaren:“twalam, nefka tudert nneɣ i dunnit, anda i nsemmeḥ i kra yellan d lerbaḥ n cci, yernu a lukan nebɣa ad netbaɛ dunnit agi yettfuten, tili newweḍ a nfeǧǧeǧǧ, a nili akken aɣ-yehwa, maca a neqbel ssbeṛ u a nesbur ijerbuben u a neddu deg ubrid n Sidna Ɛisa”. Iseflan ak ttẓulla-nwen ur ttawḍent imi ur ten-xdimem ara s wannuz. Timerabeḍin ? Sekkareɣ deg-sent ccfawat n tmeɣriwin neɣ lemnanat n beqqu d tteḍfiyin, aḥmal n ssdaq n yezraren ak d iḍlagen. Irumsa zuzunen-ten s lmuziga-nsen serqiqisent, tikelt s taleɣwit tikelt s timsefqaɛt. Zgant d tilawin u akeḥḥel werǧin ixeṭṭu-yasent maḍi.
Ttaǧǧant iman-nsent ttruḥunt ar isugnen-nsent imterwi i ten-yettawin ar uzerrefraf."Iɣellaten, imeqranen, laɛqwal ttaken aweṣṣi i wiyaḍ akken ad ddun deg ubrid yeṣfan, maca nutni s yiman-nsen ɛerqen di teḍfi i ten-ittawin deg ubrid ixesren. Ttuɣalen d imzuxxiyen, d imcumen iqehriyen. Ttcabin ar lemqamat i gerrezen i yiman-nsen, izewweq yerqem ar beṛṛa, ixzen-it daxel tifuḥit ak d uwekkiw. "Tura mi ik-d-nniɣ kulleci, is-tifuk wulhim, d lqedṛa n bab-ik anef-iyi ad lhuɣ d lecɣal-iw !
Bulla:-Amek ara tgeḍ i yemdanen n uṛadab mgal af widak i d-ttuceyyaɛeḍ ?
Ulhim:-Akken i yeffeɣ fell-ak. Bulla iger aqerruy-is gar ifassen, issusem kra, armi yenna:
Bulla: - A ten-nɣeḍ irkell, a tteǧǧeḍ ala xemsa deg-sen. Wigi akken ad cehden win ig tebɛan lemḥibba-k ixulef lemḥibba n Sidi Ṛebbi, ur yettaf ara ixef-is deg dunnit neɣ di laxert.
Ulhim:- Ilha, maca tazwara ffeɣ s yaggi, ugadeɣ ama ik-tettaɣ wurwas neɣ amma a k-id-taɣ tmella, u ad tuɣaleḍ deg awal-ik.“Imiren-kan, Aṛuḥani ijbed-d ssif-is, ireqqen am tmes, isuɣ s ṣṣut qessiḥen, yenna :”I nekk ay-aytma ! i nekk ! “Dumatu, iruḥaniyen s wudmawen ucmiten neggezen-d si yal amḍiq. Bulla tekcem-it tugdi, dɣa inuda ad yerwel. Aruḥani, inna-yas s uqejjem:”Ahya a lwali, a win fi ttḥaraben ineɣlas, ma kečč tettergigiḍ am yifer, trewleḍ am ugrud yessexlaɛ lweḥc deg iḍ, amek teḍerru d yemcumen ur nesɛi ineɣlas ara ten-iḥarben ?“Tanezmart inu tessergagay-ik. Aha tura ur ttfenṭiz ara belli tessagdeḍ-iyi s Yillu inek; qbel timezga-w u teffeɣeḍ-d seg ahes deg telliḍ !”
Bulla yeffeɣ-d deg uradab. Isell-d ar deffir-s i isuɣan n imcucaf d udderdeg n iqerray iɣellin ɣef tmedlin n rxam. Ihi, ikna af tgecrar, dɣa, imi akken yettẓalla, iwala iqerreb-d ar ɣur-s yuwen uɛezri, d uzzyin, udem-is ittreqriq am tafukt n wass, yenna-yas: "Ur tesɛiḍ d acu ara tagadeḍ, Illu iceggeɛ-iyi-d akken ad qerraɛeɣ fell-ak mgal imskan. Aru ayen twalaḍ u tḥerzeḍt tira inek anda ilaq akken a tt-id-af tarwa yiwen wass deg-s a ttessinseg - lǧil ar zzat u-ɣur ara yenqes liman af inemtutan-ik ! Meqbel akka tura, ruḥ ar taddart tberreḥeḍ axbir ajdid.
Endeṛ inmezrayen ad tixren deg yir ubrid, ad duɣalen ar ubrid yelhan. Smasiḥiten, acku ur gan ara d imasiḥen. Selmed-asen llsas n ddin amasiḥ, axaṭer ad tiliḍ d adlil u d imsellek-nsen. Lmeggetin n uradab, ad ten-meḍleḍ; widak i d-yegwran, snat n tlawin d tlata yergazen, ak-ilin d inagan; sin-nni n idakriyen ak d uqrur n talilt ak d-urgen."
- Ayaɛerḍi, is-yenna Bulla s wannuz, ad qableɣ s wul yeṣfan d neyya, lewṣaya-yagi iyi-d-kellefeḍ. Ad meḍleɣ wid yemmuten, ad smaseḥeɣ wid idderen u ad beccereɣ awal agerram, ad sufeɣ-ɣ lexbar af ayen sliɣ d wayen walaɣ armi d ass-a, maca bɣiɣ qbel ad yethenni anelli inu...
Γef ayen i fi yiskellef Ulhim af laɛqwal, telbat, laɛqwal n yemrabḍen ixelwiyenes, timrabeḍin d iterrasen n tmezgida, dɣa ma s tidett ? Aneɣlus irra-yas-d :“Ur ttamen ara akeddab ɣas d tidett ik-d-iqqar !”
Amawal:
1) Ufessi: salut. 2) Sbextiren: (pavaner). 3) Annuz : humilité. 4) Timerabeḍin: nonnes. 5) Tteḍfiyin: plaisir. 6) Iḍlagen: ornements. 7) Taleɣwit: émolliente. 8) Timsefqaɛt: énérvantes. 9) Lemqamat: tombeaux. 10) Isugnen-nsent: imagination. 11) Imterwi: désordonné. 12) Uzerrefraf: abime. 13) Teḍfi: plaisir. 14) Iqehriyen: tyrannique. 15) Uṛadab: bain. 16) Tmella: pitié. 17) Urwas: malheur. 18) Ineɣlas: anges. 19) Tanezmart: puissance. 20) Ttfenṭiz: vanter. 21) Timezga: grâce. 22) ahes: enfer. 23) Rxam: marbre. 24) Imskan: mauvais esprits. 25)Ttessinseg: s’inspirer. 26) Inemtutan-ik: contemporains. 27) Inmezrayen: impie. 28) Smasiḥiten: batiser. 29) Adlil: guide. 30) Idakriyen: diacres. 31 Talilt: chorale. 32) Urgen: assister. 33) Annuz: humble. 34) Kellefeḍ: investir. 35) Agerram: saint. 36) Telbat: primates. 37) Ixelwiyenes: moines. 38) Aṛuḥani: démon. 39) Dumatu: immediat. 40) Uradab: bain.


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Saint Augustin
Ilul ugurram Augustin Saint Augustin s tefṛansist, Aurelius Augustinus s tlaṭinit, di Taggast ass n 13 Wamber 354 (deffir S.Ɛ), yeǧǧ-yaɣ ass n 28 ɣuct 430 di temdint n Hippone (Eennaba). Yella d-amesnagay, d-amaru u d-amasnakuc, vava-s d yemma-s d-Imaziɣen, maca vava-s yeṛṛummen (yuɣal d amdan aṛumi), ma d yemma-s ur teṛṛummen ara (teqqim d tamdant tamaziɣt) qqaṛen-as: sainte monique.
Yella d yiwen si kuz ivavaten n taknisa talatinit aked saint Amboise, saint Jérome Grégoire amezwaru I, daɣen d yiwen ger 33 n imejjayen (ṭebbat) n taknisa. Yettfuggul ass n 28 ɣuct n yal asegwas sɣur ikaṭulikiyen, ass n 15 yunyu sɣur urṭuduksiyen. Am umesnagay yugmed aṭas n tmusni sɣur Platon maca Augustin d-amasiḥi daɣen, ayen it yeǧǧan ad yagwi kra n tmeḍriwin n Platon naɣ n Plotin am tin id yennan d-akken Akuc ur-d yesnulfa ara amḍal s-umaɣzal, ayagi ur imsadan ara d wayen id-enna tisreḍt tamasiḥit ak-d tudayt.
Tinṭelt-is tuzgad di Pavie. Deffir Saint Paul; Saint Augustin d-udem ameqṛan n tisreḍt tamasiḥit, yettwannen (yettwaɣer) s waṭas di tallit nni n wemdur alemmas Moyen Age. Ala netta deg vavaten n taknisa id yeǧǧan anagraw n tesnezgimt i wumi neqqaṛ augustinisme. Tazrirt ines tḥuza ammur ameqṛan n-imasnakucen n tallit n wemdur alemmas Moyen Age d wid n tura.
[beddel] Tameddurt
[beddel] Temẓ-is
Augustin i wennened (ḥkad) temẓ-is di tmelkitin ines confessions. M-id ilul Augustin, tamdint n Tagast di Numidia (assagi Souq-Ahṛas, Ldzayer) tellad seg 300 isegwasen, maci d tahrest, maca d tamdint n tefriqt taṛumit yesɛan timanit seg azal n snat timiḍa (200 isegwasen), tettekka ɣer temnaṭ n Numidia. Tamdint n Tagast tuzgad ɣef 90 agimkat seg illel d 600 isarakaten n ajagal. Vava-s n Augustin, Amazigh aṛumi, d-amdan aṛumi amgetyakuc umi qqaren Patrisius, ur yeɣri ara, tameṭṭut-is Monik d-Tamaziɣt tamasiḥit, terra argaz-is daɣen d-amasiḥi di tagara n tudert ines, yarna tezga tettnaḍaḥ iwakken Augustin ad yuɣal d-amasiḥi.
Augustin yesɛa sin watmaten, weltmas d gmas umi qqaren Navigius, tutlayt nsen tayemmatt d talatinit, ɣas akken Augustin isbuduy iman-is am akken d-amaru aqarṭaji. maca ur neẓri y-ara ma yella kra yemmeslay tutlayin nniḍen n tefriqt ugafa, idels ines d-alatini, yella d-anelmad izewren s waṭas, maca iwɛer daɣen yarna i ksen teneɣrit, ittagwad tafgert d umennuɣ n-iselmaden.
Taɣara s wayes ad yali taserkemt d tin n tazrawt, vava-s ismun tadrimt iwakken ad ɣṛen warraw-is, Augustin ad yeffeɣ d-abugaṭu, yeɣṛa di tazwara di Madaure (assagi M'dawruc, ldzayer) aked iselmaden amgetakucen, ɣuṛs 15 isegwasen mi vdant tezrawtin ɣef tkatut, etc ayen fayeg id yewwet deg adlis ines Timelkitin:(Confessions).
vava-s ixuṣ tadrimt, Augustin yuɣaled s-axxam ar twacult-is, ɣur's 16 isegwasen. Di tallit nni yeddukul aked yiwed n tarvaɛt ur imaɛnen ara, ayen it yeǧǧan ad yaker tifiras yiwen yiḍ, yuker maci acku yella deg assar naɣ yelluẓ, maca s tadfi kan iwakken ad igned.
« Arbor erat pirus in vicinia nostrae vineae pomis onusta nec forma nec sapore illecebrosis. Ad hanc excutiendam atque asportandam nequissimi adulescentuli perreximus nocte intempesta, quousque ludum de pestilentiae more in areis produxeramus, et abstulimus inde onera ingentia non ad nostras epulas, sed vel proicienda porcis, etiamsi aliquid inde comedimus, dum tamen fieret a nobis quod eo liberet, quo non liceret. »
« Dans le voisinage de nos vignes était un poirier chargé de fruits qui n’avaient aucun attrait de saveur ou de beauté. Nous allâmes, une troupe de jeunes vauriens, secouer et dépouiller cet arbre, vers le milieu de la nuit, ayant prolongé nos jeux jusqu’à cette heure, selon notre détestable habitude, et nous en rapportâmes de grandes charges, non pour en faire régal, si toutefois nous y goûtâmes, mais ne fût-ce que pour les jeter aux pourceaux : simple plaisir de faire ce qui était défendu. »
« Deg asijey n waḍil "tẓurin" tevḥirt nnaɣ, yella yiwen waddag n tfiras yeččuṛen d igumma ur yelhin ara, nṛuḥ, tarvaɛt n-ilmeẓyen ur yeswin tigert, nezwit-id, di tlemmast n yiḍ, naɛwez alammi d lawan-a, akken nuɣ yir tannumi, nebwi sekra din maci iwakken at tnečč, ɣas akken naɛreḍ iten-t, maca iwakken at-ten ḍeggeṛ s-ilfawen : i tadfi kan i nexdem ayen n dir »
Augustin yella ttikli ad iṣṣaweḍ 17 isegwasen, m-is yessegfer vava-s ayen s wacu ad yeɣlel tizrawtin ines di temdint n Qarṭaj, yeḥkad dakken anezwu n temdint agi n tefriqt ugafa d-aḥmayan s tidefyin n tayri d-umezgun.
« Veni Carthaginem, et circumstrepebat me undique sartago flagitiosorum amorum »
« Traduction : Je vins à Carthage où j'entendais crépiter autour de moi la friture des amours infâmes. »
« Tasuqilt : usiɣ-d ɣer Qarṭaj anida sellaɣ teskarwic zdati tujjut n tiyra yessekruruten. »
Ad nar tamawt kan, ɣef awalen icevḥen ig-sseqdac Augustin deg uɣaniv ḥemlen iṛumiyen n tefriqt ugafa, yesseqdac iten akken iwata, yarna yetturar yissen, amakken nezmer ad nwali deg tefyirt agi : « Nondum amabam sed amare amabam et secretiore indigentia oderam me minus indigentem. »
« Tasuqilt: urɛad ḥemlaɣ, maca ttiḥmilaɣ ad ḥemlaɣ yarna s yiwen wassar yefren, ɣuccaɣ imaniw imi ur sɛiɣ ara azal n wassar ilaqen. »
Timezri agi ɣef tmeddurt-is, tskanayed yiwen uzaraf aluɣan sɣur amdan amengaḍ ɣef tiklisent tanubit n wayeḍ.
Yessen di temẓ-is tameṭṭut ukud y-idir 14 isegwasen, yesɛa yides aqcic (Adéodat 'Adiyudat'), ur neẓri acemma fellas, ula d-ismis, ahat tella tamasiḥit ma nwala isem n mmit-sen Adéodat 'Adiyudat' yesɛan anamek n Ayakuc.
[beddel] Si Ṛṛum ɣer Milan
Di Ṛṛum, Augustin yesɣeṛ inelmaden Tasnukyest (La rhétorique). asegwas n 384, iṛuḥ ɣer Milan, icegɛat Quintus Aurelius Symmaque ig llan yesseḥbibir fellas.
Di Milan imirenni, llan ttḥuffun ɣef uselmad n tesnukyest, Symmaque yessen azal n Augustin, icegɛat. Dinna, Augustin ixuleḍ aṭas imedyazen, imesnagayen (wid izraren sɣur Platon). yemmas tḍedrit-id att idir yides.
Yemmugred Saint Amboise n Milan uɣur yelmed aṭas, izrar fellas ayen-din, acu it yeǧǧan ad yeǧǧ tamananit u ad yeḍfer Tamasiḥit akken iwata, dɣa yebɣa ad yezweǧ (tahel) d yiwet tqcict tamaṛkantit, maca ilaq-as ad yarǧu sin isegwasen acku mazal-itt mecṭuḥet, yeǧǧa tameṭṭut nni ukud yella yettidir azal n 15 isegwasen, m-ad netta skud urɛad yezwiǧ yebwid tayeḍ.
[beddel] Asekkud
[beddel] Tiɣbula ines
Siserun/Cicéron ;
Adlis n tmasiḥit "Bible", tasuqilt sɣur saint Cyprien n Carthage aked saint Ambroise n Milan ;
Tamennanit/Manichéisme ;
Platon sɣur Siserun/Cicéron ;
Néoplatonisme n Plotin aked Porphyre.
[beddel] timeḍranin timedran
Tasnegzimt n ugurrum Augustin tved ɣef tmeḍranin timedran id iteddun:
Taflest, liman.
Tayri, an ẓer d akken Augustin yevḍa ger tayri n timmad-it d win n akuc (yillew).
Anefray illeli.
Taɣszint
Timektit


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Deg Tqacuct n Temsisit Taṭlasit (Alliance Atlantique) ay d-yellan deg wass n 20 Nwembeṛ deg Lisbon, aṭas n temsal yesɛan azal ayɣef ssawlent 28-nni n tmura ay yettekkan i wakken ad ẓrent d acu-t webrid ara taɣ Temsisit deg yiseggasen ay d-itteddun. Yiwet seg temsal timeqranin ayɣef ssawlent nettat d amgaru (ṭṭrad) n Afɣanistan, yerna akk timura n Temsisit msefhament i wakken ad kemmlent imenɣi-nsent mgal Wafɣaniyen ay yettdafaɛen ɣef tmurt-nsen (Ṭaliban). Deg temsalt-a, timura n Temsisit Taṭlasit msefhament akken ad sɣezfent tiɣimit-nsent deg Afɣanistan arma d 2014. Ma d tamsalt niḍen ayɣef yegget wawal deg Lisbon nettat d aɛzam n Obama akken ad yessenqes amḍan (nombre) n yemrigen aɣsiyen (armes nucléaires), imi ay yettwali timura n Temsisit Taṭlasit ur tent-terri tmara ad sɛunt aṭas n yemrigen aɣsiyen akken ad ssigdent ixṣimen-nsent. D acu kan, Fṛansa ed Lalman (snat n tmura timḍebbrin n Tuṛuft) ur msefhament ɣef temsalt-a. Yuɣ lḥal, Fṛansa (ay ikecmen seg melmi kan ɣer Temsisit Taṭlasit) mazal teṭṭef deg tmuɣli taqburt ay yettwalin yessefk ɣef Temsisit ad tesɛu aṭas n yemrigen aɣsiyen akken ad terẓ ifadden i tmura ara yebɣun ad nnaɣent yid-s. Ma d Lalman, teqbel tamuɣli tamarikanit ay yebɣan ad thedden taswiɛt akked Rusya, imi, tagara-a, Imarikaniyen bɣan ad sneqsen imrigen-nsen aɣsiyen akken ad sselhun assaɣen-nsen ed Yirusiyen. D acu kan, tamsalt tameqrant akk ayɣef msefhament tmura n Temsisit Taṭlasit deg tqacuct-a n Lisbon nettat d asenfar-nni (projet) n lebni n waɣer (bouclier) n uḥuddu n Tuṛuft seg tmeẓdiyin (missiles) ur nelli. D Amaru Amatu n Temsisit Taṭlasit, Rasmussen, ay d-yessumren (proposer) asenfar-a s webrid unṣib, yerna d tikkelt tamezwarut aydeg ara t-qeblent tmura n Temsisit Taṭlasit.
Iserdasen, Sevket Yalaz, Ṭṭerk
Ayen yessewhamen netta d tiririt n Rusya ɣef usenfar-a amaynut n Temsisit Taṭlasit. Naqal, Irusiyen llan ugin seg llsas tamsalt-a n lebni n waɣer (bouclier) n uḥuddu seg tmeẓdiyin (missile) ay ayyes George W. Bush yella yebɣa “ad iḥudd” Tuṛuft. Maca tikkelt-a, Aselway Medvedev (ay iḥedṛen deg Tqacuct-nni) yessken-d s leḥder nneyya n Rusya akken ad temɛawen ed Temsisit Taṭlasit deg usenfar-a n temḥaddit.
Mi tfuk Tqacuct-nni, imḍebber n Temsisit Taṭlasit (Alliance Atlantique), Rasmussen, yefṛeḥ aṭas s wemsefham ay d-yellan gar tmura n Temsisit Taṭlasit, neɣ gar Temsisit ed Rusya, yerna yenna-d amsefham-a d win “ara ikecmen deg umezruy”. Deg tidet, yesɛa lḥeqq, ɣas ma yella taɣemsa tagraɣlant (presse internationale) ur d-tebdir ayɣer ay yesɛa wemsefham-a azal ameqran werjin yella-d deg umezruy n Temsisit Taṭlasit, am wakken ur d-tebdir d acu ayyes ara d-yeglu wemsefham-a ɣef tmura niḍen n umaḍal. Da, yessefk ad d-nger tamawt anabaḍ (lḥukuma) n uselway Obama d netta ay d imḍebber deg yisenfaren-a (projets) imaynuten, yerna ɣas ma yella Rasmussen (imḍebber n Temsisit) ur yelli d Amarikani, maca yella iqeddec ɣef leḥsab n lewṣayat n Marikan. Ayen yessewhamen netta Obama, aseggas kan aya, yenna-d yebɣa ad yeḥbes asenfar-nni n Bush n lebni n waɣer (bouclier) ara iḥudden akal amarikani seg tmeẓdiyin (missiles). Obama yesmenyaf ad yebnu anagraw (système) n temḥaddit d amecṭuḥ am win ay bɣant tmura niḍen n Temsisit ad t-bnunt i lmend n uḥuddu n yiserdasen-nsent n lberr, d anagraw umi ɣɣaren “Theatre Missile Defense (THAAD)”. D acu kan, ass-a, Obama ibeddel axemmem yerna yeqqel ɣer tikli-nni n Bush.
Abeddel-a n lɛeqleyya n Obama d ayen yesɛan azal ameqran. Timeẓdiyin-nni (missiles) ara sqedcen Yimarikaniyen akken ad ḥudden Tuṛuft (timeẓdiyin SM-3) ssawḍen-tent yagi Yimarikaniyen ɣer Tuṛuft deg yiɣerruba-nsen yerna wejdent akken ad ttuqerrsent. Timeẓdiyin-a kecment deg unagraw (système) amarikani n uselleḥ umi semman Aegis, yerna d taṛmist (takebbanit) n Raytheon ay tent-ixeddmen. Raytheon d yiwet seg 5-nni n teṛmisin timeqranin akk n ttawil aserdasi deg Marikan. S waya, nezmer ad d-nini yella ttbut: imi Imarikaniyen sseḥṛasen akken “ad ḥudden” Tuṛuft, bɣan, deg tidet, ad d-ḍebbren leswaq i teṛmisin-nsen n leslaḥ, yerna ḍemɛen seg tmura timaynutin n Temsisit Taṭlasit (Alliance Atlantique) ad sɣent leslaḥat-nni ara d-yettwaxedmen i lmend n waya.
D acu kan, yella wayen yugaren aya: amsefham-nni n Temsisit Taṭlasit (Alliance Atlantique) deg Lisbon d win aydeg ddukklent snat n lɛeqleyyat yemgerraden n tmura n Temsisit-a. Seg wass-a d asawen, timura n Temsisit Taṭlasit ad qqlent ttemɛawanent ama seg yidis n temḥaddit, ama seg yidis n lxedma ed ussenzi n leslaḥ. Deg wayen yerzan amɛawen-a deg lxedma ed ussenzi n leslaḥ, yelha ma neḍfer, cwiṭ, tikli n unabaḍ (lḥukuma) amarikani deg wenrar-a. Deg yiseggasen n 1990, deg tallit n uselway Clinton (ay yellan seg Ukabar Amegdu [Démocrate] am Obama), tiṛmisin (tikebbaniyin) n ttawilat iserdasiyen llant ttɛawadent ttṣeggiment iman-sent. Aṭas seg teṛmisin ay ixeddmen leslaḥ ddukklent akked teṛmisin wukud llant ttgent timsizzelt, neɣ sɣant-tent teṛmisin ay tent-yugaren. Deg tgara, deg 1998, Marikan teqqel tesɛa ala 5 n teṛmisin timeqranin n leslaḥ: Martin-Lockheed, Boeing, Raytheon, General Dynamics akked Northrop Grumman. Anabaḍ amarikani iga ifadden i teṛmisin-a akken ad ddukklent, yerna ass-a, mazal-it yettkemmil deg tikli-a. D acu kan, tikkelt-a, tiṛmisin timarikaniyin bɣant ad bdunt ad sseblaɛent tiṛmisin n leslaḥ tuṛufiyin.
Idrimen, Sevket Yalaz
Tikli-a d tamaynut deg umezruy n Temsisit Taṭlasit (Alliance Atlantique) imi, qbel ass-a, Iwunak Yeddukklen werjin gant ifadden i teṛmisin-nsen (tikebbaniyin) n leslaḥ akken ad ddukklent ed teṛmisin tuṛufiyin. Yessefk ad d-nebder aɛawed-nni n uṣeggem n teṛmisin timarikaniyin deg yiseggasen n 1990 yegla-d s lateṛ ula ɣef teṛmisin n leslaḥ n Tuṛuft Tutrimt (taɣerbit) ay iɛawden, ula d nitenti, ṣeggment iman-nsent. Naqal, yal tamurt tameqrant n Tuṛuft tella tettɛassa lesrar-nnes deg wayen yerzan lxedma n leslaḥ, d acu kan, tikli-nni n Clinton teḥṛes neɣ tettekka deg weḥṛas n teṛmisin tuṛufiyin i wakken ula d nitenti ad ddukklent akked teṛmisin timarikaniyin.
S waya, ula deg Tuṛuft lulent-d teṛmisin (tikebbaniyin) timeqranin n leslaḥ, d acu kan, amur ameqran seg teṛmisin-a timeqranin n Tuṛuft d timecṭuḥin mi ara tent-nqaren ɣer temtilin-nsent deg Marikan. Ala d taṛmist tabriṭanit n BAE Systems ay d tameqrant aṭas deg Tuṛuft. D aya ay yejjan yal taṛmist tameqrant n leslaḥ deg Tuṛuft ad tecrek leswaq, deg tezwara n yiseggasen n 2000, akked kra n teṛmist tameqrant n Marikan: Lockheed Martin tqeddec akked BAE Systems; Boeing Corporation tettemɛawan akked teṛmist tafṛensist n Thales Corporation, atg. S waya, amɛawen-a amaynut gar teṛmisin ixeddmen leslaḥ n Marikan akked Tuṛuft ur yeqqim d awal kan, wanag yessuffeɣ iswi n Yimarikaniyen ɣer tidet: yuɣ lḥal, Washington tebɣa ad d-tebnu tamguri (industrie) tameqrant akk n leslaḥ deg umaḍal akked yecriken-nnes n Tuṛuft, d acu kan, d Imarikaniyen ara yeṭṭfen ṛṛay n wanect-a.
Kra n yisellaḍen (analystes) zemren ad d-inin aɛawed-a n uṣeggem ur yetturar dduṛ deg temḥaddit-a n tmeẓdiyin (missiles). D acu kan, yessefk ad nẓer tiṛmisin-nni (tikebbaniyin) n Tuṛuft ddukklent ladɣa deg yinurar n lxedma n tmeẓdiyin. Taṛmist n MBDA tennulfa-d 7 n yiseggasen aya, yerna deg 2007 tesɛa amḍan n yiweẓla (chiffre d’affaire) n 3 n yimelyaṛen n wuṛuten. Asmi ay d-tennulfa MBDA, ihri-nnes (ṛaselmal) tella tettekka deg-s BAE Systems s 37,5%, EADS s 37,5% ma d Finmeccanica s 25%. Ur yelli ccek, taṛmist n MBDA ad teɛreḍ ad tesseqneɛ imḍebbren n Temsisit Taṭlasit (Alliance Atlantique) deg Burxelles akken ad tt-id-iṣaḥ umur ameqran seg ssuq n leslaḥ ara d-yennulfun seg wemsefham-a ay d-yellan deg Portugal. Yuɣ lḥal, win ara ixemmemen ur yelli wassaɣ (relation) gar teṛmist n MBDA akked tikli tamaynut ay d-yennulfan ussan-a deg Temsisit Taṭlasit, mazal-it d nneyya. Yessefk ad nẓer taṛmist n MBDA testenya yiwen n leɛqed n laman akked Pentagon (aɣlif [ministère] amarikani n temḥaddit), am wakken ay testenya, ma ulac, sin n leɛqudat n “wemɛawen” akked teṛmist n Boeing, yiwen seg leɛqudat-a yettustenya deg 2004 yerna yerza … tamḥaddit-nni n tmeẓdiyin (missiles) !
Leslaḥ uḥṛic - Amdan amenzug [idiot] - George Riemann, Lalman
S waya, ayen tga MBDA ittekkes ccek deg tmuɣli-inu deg wayen yerzan azal ay tesɛa Tqacuct n Lisbon akked wayen ara d-ilalen seg-s. S waya, nezmer ad d-nini timlilit-a n Lisbon d tin aydeg ddukklent snat n tmuɣliwin yemgerraden n Temsisit Taṭlasit (Alliance Atlantique): tamuɣli taqburt aydeg timura n Temsisit ttemɛawanent akken ad mḥuddent – akked tmuɣli tamaynut aydeg ara qqlent ttemɛawanent ula deg lxedma akked ussenzi n leslaḥ. Imḍebbren n Temsisit Taṭlasit ttaḍsan-asen i yemḍebbren n Rusya yerna ttcuffun-asen aqendur akken ur d-ttilin wuguren gar Temsisit ed Yirusiyen, yerna, ahat, imḍebbren irusiyen walan tikli-a tamaynut n Temsisit Taṭlasit ur ten-tettḍurru, dɣa ɣef waya ur ugaden seg-s. D acu kan, timura am Ccinwa ed Brizil (ay yettekkan deg terbaɛt tameqrant n wemɛawen n tmura n wenẓul [sud]) sɛant lḥeqq ad agadent. Ass-a, Tamsisit Taṭlasit tɛewwel akken ad turar dduṛ beṛṛa i wakal-nni ay tella tettɛassa-t zik. Mmuqqlem kan ɣer wemgaru (ṭṭrad) n Afɣanistan. S waya, imi Tamsisit Taṭlasit tesdukkel snat-a n tmuɣliwin akken ad tessejhed iman-nnes, wissen d acu n yixeṣṣaren imaynuten ayyes ara d-yeglu waya s wazekka.


text:
Tallat:Amek ara naru amagrad yelhan?
Nngum (qbel) a nebdu tira n umagrad, yessefk(ilaq) ad nemmekti :
- Wikipedia d tasanayt (une encyclopédie), mačči d ammud n yimagraden n yijernanen neɣ n tesɣunin. Deg:
- ilaq ad aru amagrad n tsanayt, ur nezmir ara ad aru amagrad n ujernan : win ara t-yaru, ad issawal s wudem wis 3 (à la troisième personne), mačči s tmezwarut ; tadiwennit (interview) ulac, azmul (signature) ulac, atg.
- Kab.wiki mačči d tasanayt n Leqbayel : d tasanayt s teqbaylit. Wikipedia d yiwet i umaḍal akk (merra) Ayen nufa dagi, nezmer ad t-naf deg .wiki neɣ fr.wiki atg. Ur nezmir ara ad naru, d amedya : nukkni, s warrac n Tmurt... neɣ idles-nneɣ... atg. yessefk (Ilaq) ad naru Leqbayel... neɣ idles aqbayli... atg.
- Wikipedia d tilellit. Tilellit, anamek-is d "s turagt tilellit" ("à licence libre"). Deg:
- ur nezmir ara ad nelsaru (recopier) ayen nufa deg yisemlen (sites) nniḍen neɣ deg yijernanen mebla turagt. Ilaq ad naru s yiman-nneɣ aḍris i nebɣa ad nefk i Wikipedia . Ma yefka-yaɣ bab n izerfan (propriétaire des droits) turagt tilellit "GNU Free Documentation License", ilaq ad t-naru deg usebter "amyannan", mačči deg umagrad.
I wakken ad naru amagrad, ilaq ad nessen amek ara nbeddel asebter yerna amek tella tseddast ("syntaxe") n wikipedia.
Ma tebɣiḍ, tzemreḍ a tḥarbeḍ deg teɣmert n yijdi (asebter n uḥerreb).


text:
Taɣamsa
Taɣamsa dayen i semlalayen ayen iḍerun di yal tama umaḍal, u a tnidyawi d isalen i medden, ama deg iɣmisen, neɣ deg radyu, neɣ deg tiliẓri, neɣ s webrid n uzeṭṭa n Internet.
Tisqamuyin n tɣamsa tettawid isalen di yal ma teḍru yiwet n tɣawsa deg umaḍal. Ger tisqamuyin n tɣamsa i yettwasnen, ad nader AFP (Fransa) ; Reuters (Britanya tameqrant) ; Associated Press (Timnaḍin n Marikan Iduklen).
[beddel] Gret Tamawt
Waki d amuɣ kan amezwaru, yal win isɛan akud, ad ikemel amuɣ aki n imyura izwawen i waken aten id adden aken ma llan.


text:
Litwanya
Litwanya d yiwet si tmura yellan zik d aḥric si Tdukli Tasuvyatit. Uqbel ma yekcem ɣer tdukli-yagi, tewwi azarug-is di 1920, d acu kan, Isuvyatiyen ṭṭfen tamurt-a xas ur yebɣi wegdud-is di 1940, u ḥettmen-tt ad tili d aḥric seg wemḍal amezdukli (monde communiste) alammi d 1990, asmi ay tt-id-tuɣal tlelli-yines i tikkelt tis snat. Tuzga-d Litwanya ɣef yiri n yilel Abalti (mer Baltique), yernu nettat d yiwet si tlata-nni n tmura tibaltiyin (pays baltes), ɣer tama Liṭṭunya akk d Isṭunya, wukud tecrek aṭas n tɣawsiwin, ama deg yedles neɣ deg umezruy. Litwanya tesɛa tilisa akk d Liṭṭunya deg ugafa (nord), akk d Byilurusya deg wegmuḍ (ccerq), akk d yilel Abalti deg wetram u tḥudd-itt-id Pulunya akk d wasun (territoire) arusi n Kaliningrad seg wetram akk d wenẓul (sud). Tamaneɣt-is isem-is Vilnius, ma d Klaipeda, ay d-yuzgan deg wetram (lɣerb) d yiwet si temdinin timeqqranin akk n tmurt-a.
[beddel] Tamselyut
- Deg mondeberbere.com sɣur imedyazen.


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Mark Zuckerberg
Mark Elliot Zuckerberg ilul ass n 14 mayu deg Dobbs Ferry (tamnaḍt n Westcher I d-yezgan deg New York), seg yiwet n twacult tuwdayt tamarikanit, imawlan-is i sin yid-sen d imejjayen, gma-s mazal-it deg tseddawit n Harvard. D asenselkam (informaticien), yerna d aɣella n tkebbanit (chef d’entreprise), d netta daɣen i yeṭṭfen amkan ameqqran deg usmel n Internet n uẓeṭṭa imetti n Facebook.
Ela ḥsab n umsizwer n Fobes 2008 n seayat timeqqranin n umaḍal, seaya n Mark Zuckerberg tewweḍ ɣer 1,5 imelyaren idularen. 23 iseggasen deg leemer-is, yewwi azwel (titre) n ilemẓi amerkanti yakk deg umaḍal.
Imi yella d anelmad deg tesdawit n Havard, tusa-yas-d tikti ad d-yesker yiwen uẓeṭṭa imetti I yinelmaden, dɣa yessihel-d (programmer) deg texxamt-is taseddawit talɣa tamenzut n Facebook, i d-yessuffeɣ deg useggas n 2004. Cciea yewwi-tt imir-nni yakan ɣur inelmaden n tseddawit, dɣa drus kan akka n wakud sseqdacen-t iɣerbazen nniḍen, send (uqbel) ad d-yeffeɣ i medden irkelli. Deg 2007, Facebook yuɣal d asmel wis-7 ɣer wacu i d-rezzun medden s tuget, dɣa takebbanit tessaweḍ ɣer 15 imelyaren idularen. Mark Zuckerberg ɣur-s 20% deg imuren n tkebbanit.
Ela ḥsab n uɣmis n Wall Street, deg mayu 2009, yiwen imsefti arusi yessumer-d (proposer) 200 imelyan idularen I waken ad yessiweḍ ihri (capital) n tkebbanit ɣer 10 imelyaren idularen, dacu kan yecreḍ ad yeseu amkan deg usqamu n tedbelt (conseil d’administration). Maca Mark Zuckerberg yugi, acku netta yenna ur iqebbel ala isumar ara s-d-yernun deg cciea i uẓeṭṭa-ines imetti.
Deg umsizwer n yimdanen i yesean afud deg umaḍal, i texdem tesɣunt Time deg 2008, yewwi amkan wis-52.


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Tamurt n Ibaskiyen
Tamurt Ibaskiyen tuzga-d ger snat n tmura: Fransa akk d Spenyul (Spanya)
Imezdaɣ-is isem-nnsen Ibaskiyen. Tamaneɣt-is Bilbao
Amezruy n tmurt n Ibaskiyen yella-d di tlisa n snat n temnaḍin [1]:
- Tamurt n Ibaskiyen ugafa
- Tamurt n Ibaskiyen n wenẓul
[beddel] DI TMURT N YIBASKIYEN N UGAFA
Anadi di tserkam n tmetti n leqrun wis 16, wis 17 d wis 18 yesskanay-d d akken tiserkam iḥekmen Tamurt n Yibaskiyen di tallit-nni llant tekksent-d rrbeḥ-nsent seg yiqeddicen ay llant xeddment i lmend n Ugellid n Fransa akk d Navarre n Wadda, dɣa ɣef wanect-a, kra n Yibirjwaziyen ibaskiyen llan ttṣaḥen-asen-d yimukan ɛlayen di leḥkem, yettxelliṣ-iten ugellid, seɛɛun tifesniwin deg yigen yernu tekksen-asen i wiyaḍ ixfawen-nsen ihaggaren (noblesse) akk d yimukan-nsen n leḥkem. Sponde, Bela, Belsance, Gramont, Etchauz akk d Meharin llan seg wid yeṭṭfen leḥkem u tuli yis-sen ddunit imi ay sennden ɣer tgeldit tafrensist akk d yimasiwen ay iqerben s agellid. Wwḍen alammi ay ten-tecrek nnesba yid-sen yernu sduklen ssɛaya-nsen akk d tin n wigi. D acu kan, anect-agi diɣ yessaweḍ-iten ad ssersen imal n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen ger n yifassen n Fransa, ur reglen- as abrid i uzureg (indépendance) n tmurt-nsen. Tawaddfa-yagi yessbanay-aɣ-tt-id mliḥ umezruy di tallit n Wemgaru n Tesreḍt [asmi ay nnuɣen Yikaṭuliyen d Yeprrutistanen di Fransa si 1562 ɣer 1598]. Imir-n, aṭas n yimasiwen ibaskiyen (am Luxe, Espelette, Garou, Etchauz akk d Domezain) ay d-ibedden i lmend n Ugellid n Fransa, akken ad t-ḥudden, dɣa rran timura-nsen s ddaw n leḥkem n tgeldit, ladɣa di tallit n Charles IX. Yernu nnernan wassaɣen n lemɛawna ugar di tallit n Henri IV (Henri III n Navarre), ay d-yeskecmen aṭas n yimasiwen Ibaskiyen ɣer leqṣer-ines u gar-asen nezmer ad d-nader Armendaritz, Laxague akk d Haramboure. Tawaddfa-yagi n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen ɣer Fransa yesseɛjel-itt-id rrbeḥ n tgeldit mgal n Usemmeskel [abeddel n tesreḍt takaṭulit] akk d wesbeddi n tsertit n usselmes tafrensist.
- Mgal timerkanṭit
« I tɣimit n tlella, n yesladen akk d yeglamen » d awal ay llan ttɛawaden-t-id si Palais alamma d Ustaritz, Yibaskiyen inesbuɣar (imerkantiyen) yeṭṭfen leḥkem di leqrun wis 17 d wis 18. Kra n yenmezrayen walan anect-a d asuter n Yibaskiyen akken ad awin tilelli u ad ḥekmen i yiman-nsen tisuda tibaskiyin, d acu kan, anect-a ur iṣehḥa ara imi d wid-n akken ay yellan qqaren-d awal-agi ay yellan tekksen-d lfayda meqqren si tedbelt (administration) n Tgeldit tafrensist. Ihi, "tilelli" ay llan ssuturen-tt-id wigi yezmer kan ahat ad ilin qeṣden-d yis-s lebɣi-nsen akken ad ten-id-tuɣal tlelli-nni n zik ay d asen-tespuḥ tsertit n usselmes n Fransa, am wakken ara yili usuter-agi-nsen yesskanay-d diɣ tugdi-nsen akken ad asen-truḥ tlelli d leḥkem sya ar sdat imi di tallit-nni tella a d-tettenka r tserkemt tamaynut n yemzenza d yimawlan n wakal akk d yimesbankiyen ilibirraliyen, ay yellan ttuɣalen d inesbuɣar (imerkantiyen) s lɛejlan yernu zgan-d mgal n uqader n yisuḍaf, akken ma llan. Nezmer dɣa ad d-nefk sin n yimedyaten i deg ara d-nesban aya : Di 1784, ssutren yimawlan n wakal inesbuɣar n Navarre seg unemzaɣ n Béarnais, Polverel, ad as-yaru asektay i Ugellid n Fransa i deg ara d as-yessefhem ayɣer ay ilaq ad qqiment "tlella d yesladen" n tgeldit n Navarre, dɣa asmi yexdem aya, fkan-as yimawlan n wakal Ibaskiyen amkan gar-asen, yuɣal ula d netta yesɛa akal u yerbeḥ-d ixef n tihhugra. D acu kan, lemmer ad nwali mliḥ s agbur n wayen d-issumer, ad nẓer d akken Polverel yessider-d takti n ussuter n tfulmant (autonomie) di lweqt i deg wiyaḍ akk ttun-tt [u a ttxemmimen amek ara kemmlen ad ttidiren deg yeglamen s ddaw n leɛnaya n Fransa], yernu yewwet-d Polverel deg usektay-is mgal n "unedbal n wakalen" ay yellan yekkat mgal n twaculin tinesbuɣar timaynutin n yemzenza akk d yimesbankiyen. Yuɣ lḥal, Polverel iger-d tivri, xas maci s ledjherr, akken ad asen-d-uɣalen i Yibaskiyen yizerfan-nsen ay sen-yefka umezruy, ad asen-d-tuval tmurt n lejdud-nsen i deg ttalasen, yernu ayen ara d-yesbegnen aya netta d akken Polverel yuv abrid-is i yiman-is asmi ay d-tekker Tegrawla tafrensist.
- Tagrawla tafrensist
Atmaten n twacult n Garat n Ustaritz, ay ttwalin yenmazrayen seg wid yellan ttḥuddun "tisuda tibaskiyin", leɛben ddurr d ameqqran di lebni n Tegrawla tafrensist akk d wesbeddi n unagraw azerfan (système juridique) d tedbelt tamaynut n Fransa. D acu kan, asmi ay ttwakksen akk yeglamen imsugal deg yiḍ n 4 Ɣect 1789, ttwakksent ula d tisuda tibaskiyin, xas akken ifuk lḥif ɣef wegdud abaski, ay yeddren acḥal d leqrun s ddaw n lbaṭel n yimasiwen, ma d atmaten n twacult n Garat, rewlen s tuffra si tmurt. Tagrawla tafrensist tefka azal, di tgara, i tutlayt tafrensist ay yuɣalen d tutlayt tawḥidt i yes tteddu tegduda, i yes ttdeddu tedbelt akk d yiɣerbazen. Ibaskiyen n Ugafa (n Fransa) ay d-yuran ɣef tnettit tabaskit seg yimir-n d asawen, am Antoine d'Abbadie di "Eskualtzaleen Biltzara", ur d asen-iban ara webrid ara aɣen, wanag llan ttmalen tikwal ɣer tesnakta takarlit (carlisme), tikwal ɣer tesnakta tafrensist yerran tutlayin timedrusa n Fransa d aḥric kan seg ufulklurr n tmiwa n tmurt. D acu kan, llan-d kra n yemyura ay nezmer ad d-nini d akken d tisuraf (exceptions), am Chaho akk d Broussain.
[beddel] DI TMURT N YIBASKIYEN N WENẓUL , DI SPENYUL
Di lqern wis 18, talibirralit taspenyulit tella d nettat ay d tasnakta ay ḍefrent s umata tserkam ɛlayen n Yibaskiyen n Spenyul, wid yellan sɛan aṭas n wakal, akk d yiburjwaziyen n temdinin yebdan seɛɛun akal neɣ llan bɣan ad t-sɛun. Taɣdart (élite) n Yibaskiyen akk d tin n Yikatalanen llant d tirebbaɛ yesɛan aswir adelsan (niveau culturel) ɛlayen akk di tmetti taspenyulit, yernu llan dima d nitni ay d imezwura di tmurt ay d-ilemmden ayen d-yettnulfun d amaynut di tussna di tmura nniêen n Turruft . Aṭas deg-sen ay yellan ttaznen arraw-nsen akken ad ɣren di tesdawiyin n Fransa d Legliz neɣ di tesdawit n Bergara. D tarbaɛt-agi diɣ ay d-yesbedden Takebbanit n Caracas, d takebbanit n tnezzawt meqqren ay ṭṭfen Yibaskiyen yernu tettekka mliḥ di tenneflit n Venezuela. Tura-d tmesnalest ( anthropulug) Marianne Heiberg : «Deg wayen yerzan tinettit, at tegrawt-agi llan ttwalin iman-nsen d akken ulac wi yellan d "Ispenyuliyen" ugar-nsen di Spenyul. Llan ḥesben iman-nsen ṣubben-d seg wid-n akken umi ur xliḍen ara yidammen akk d Yimurriyen neɣ Uwdayen, wid-n akken yessuffɣen ikefrriyen* yernu rran-d taɣerma akk d Tamasiḥit ɣer tmurt. Xas ulamma aṭas deg-sen llan ttmeslayen tabaskit, d taspenyulit ay llan smenyafayen ad tt-sqedcen ama deg wexxam neɣ di berra» [2] U terna-d : «Dɣa amkan ay d as-fkan wigi i tbaskit d win kan n tutlayt n yimeksawen, d tutlayt n yimezdaɣen n tmurt ur d-neswi si tala n ṭṭbeɛ akk d tɣerma, di lweqt i deg taspenyulit tella d tutlayt n ṭṭbeɛ, n yedles, n leqraya akk d rrbeḥ n temdinin, yernu simmal yella yettali ccan n temdinin, simmal tella tettuɣal tbaskit di rrif, tettzad fell-as tḥeqranit». [*yuɣ lḥal, Ispenyuliyen yennuɣen mgal n Yinselmen di Spenyul, llan ttwalin Inselmen d Wuwdayen d ikefrriyen.] Si 1876 d asawen, beddlen wid yellan di tserkam yeṭṭfen leḥkem : anekcum n tmurt n Yibaskiyen s ulzuz (ssuq) akk d usaḍuf (lqanun) aspenyuli yewwi-d yid-s yiwet n tegrawt (tarbaɛt) tamaynut n yinesbuɣar iqeddcen di temguri (industrie) akk d tbankiwin (banques), yernu wigi wwḍen alammi ay ṭṭfen imukan ɛlayen deg udabu aspenyuli. Iburjwaziyen-agi yennerna leḥkem d timmerkantit-nsen asmi ay d-sbedden anagraw n "Conciertos Economicos" (Iburaz Udmisen), d ayen ay ten-yeddjan ad rren tiseqquma n temnaḍin ddaw n leḥkem-nsen u ad sneqsen tiwsi ɣef wayen llan xeddmen-t-id u znuzuyen-t, dɣa anect-a yegla-d s uxeṣṣar ameqqran ɣef tserkemt n yiqeddacen akk d wegdud s umata. Tamsedrast-agi tabaskit tuɣal d aḥric si tburjwazit taɣelnawt taspenyulit yernu aɣerya ad teqdec i lmend n lebni n tmurt timsihrit tatrart di Tmurt n Yibaskiyen, nettat teqdec i lebni n tmurt n Spenyul.
[beddel] Timsulya
- ↑ http://imedyazen1.tripod.com/
- ↑ Marianne Heiberg, The Making of the Basque Nation, Cambridge University Press, 2007-09-17 - 284 pages.


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Description: TAYRI N YIMAL Da neẓẓad asefru Ad nYwem ulawen; Da nkessa yan uwru. Abrid Yas issawen. Ini i YimaziYen nekkin is riY a nili! Imurig n ucengu, Gan tamtunt i tmara, Kerzen digneY agu, Nesnuggur tafrara Ini i YimaziYen nekkin is riY a nili! Agummu n umalu, Tegma diges twekka; Yagur-as i useklu; Agreḍ, ur t-ittekka. Ini i YimaziYen nekkin is riY a nili! Nellem diY agensu, Nessaki-d aqercal; Taḍut-inu, ad tefsu Af a naf mas neddal. Ini i YimaziYen nekkin is riY a nili! Tiwent, ad teg aYamu, Ad tessudu s tigi; Taktert, ad iss namu G umezruy d inigi. Ini i YimaziYen nekkin is riY a nili! SsaffeY-d ul s teYlu, Agrures$ ikka iYir, Naggum a nsew aYu Ur tezziged a tarir! Ini I YimaziYen nekkin is riY a nili! Eumar DERWIC Igwelmimen g 12 Yuct 2965 24-08-2006
Keywords mp3: mp3


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Meksa Eabdelqader d acennay ameqqran n teqbaylit. Ilul ass n 4 Yunyu 1954 deg taddart n Mira deg tɣiwant n Tmizart i d-yezgan deg lɛerc n At-Jennad (Tizi-Wezzu).
Asmi i yeweḍ 6 iseggasen deg usemmud-is, yedda d imawlan-is ar temnaḍt n Blida anda i yeqqim dina aṭas n yiseggasen send ad iṛuḥ ad yezdeɣ deg « la pointe pescade », deg tama n Buluɣin deg Lzzayer tamaneɣt. Γer 22 iseggasen-is, yunag ɣer Fransa, deg Épinay-sur-Seine, deg temnaḍt n Paris. Yella ixeddem deg tsenselkimt, yettidir d yiwet n tṛumit (...)
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Montreal
N-ufad talɣa s tineddict : Talɣa:Infobox Tamdint
Montreal (isem unṣib s tefransist Montréal, s Tenglizt Montreal) d tamdint tameqqrant ugar n timdinin tiyaḍ n temnaṭ n Kebek (Kanada), tamdint tis snat n umaḍal afrensisawal, d tamdint tis snat deg imezdaɣ d texxutert n tmurt n Kanada deffir Toronto. Taɣzut aɣreman n Montreal tela (tesɛa) ass-a ugarn 3,6 imelyan n imezdaɣ. Tezga-d deg tegizrt n Montreal ar ugersif n wasif n Saint-Laurent d wasif n Wuṭṭawen (Rivière des Outaouais), di 246 km ar unẓul-ugmuḍ si temdint n Kebek, tamaneɣt n temnaṭ n Kebek, ar 202 km seg Uṭṭawa, tamaneɣt n tmurt n Kanada.


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En réponse à :
19 juin, par Belkacem Sikadir
Kabyles.net: Di tazwara am-inniɣ, azul fell-am
Taninna: Azul a belkacem. Tanemmirt ik i la3rad inek !
Kabyles.net: tanemmirt ula d kem imi tqebleḍ laɛraḍa inu, uqbel a nemeslay af ccna nebɣa a nẓer anta I d taninna?
Taninna: Taninna d yiwet n tacennayt nat yiraten, xas akken tlul deg fransa. ɣures ssin iḍebsiyen, wis tlata atan ur yettɛettil ara a d-yeffeɣ!
Kabyles.net: Imi kem tluleḍ i fṛansa , d acu kem-iwwin ad tecnuḍ s teqbaylit yerna tesxedmed tameddyazt di tezlatin-im ?
Taninna: Seg wass (...)