text:
Abdel Mottaleb ZIZAOUI (chercheur –Oujda-)
Amazigh39@yahoo.fr
I marra timyura d imyura s Tmazight
« Ari a yedji. Ejj amaru-nnem ad yiri d anẓar i Ya d-isxesyen anebdu enni yarYin deg wurawen n yiwdan. Ari s umeṭṭa niY ari s waman n wenẓar.
Ari x iḍennaḍ niY ari x tiwecca.
Ari, a yedji, di radjaY n mkur ij n zzay-neY tanfust tennuffar, tarezu ad teduqez d iraYan. Maca, icarf-itt wesqar »
Samira yedjid n Idura n Arrif, Tasrit n weẓru. Ed Anakhla, Oujda 2001,p. 10.
Introduction :
TASRIT N weẓru (la mariée du rocher), est le titre du roman de Samira Yedjis n Idurar n Arrif. Edition Anakhla, Oujda 2001.
Ce qui est remarquable dans ce roman, ce n’est pas parce qu’il est le premier écrit, et publier par une femme Rifaine, mais en plus c’est le plus volumineux, il contient 203 pages. Au contraire des trois autres romans :
- Mohammed Chacha, Rezṭṭabu ad teffegh tfuct. Ed Izouran, Amesterdam 1997, 177p.
- Mohammed Bouzeggou, Ticri x tama n tasarrawt. Ed Trifagraph, Berkane 2001. 132p
- Mohammed BOUZEGGOU, Jar u jar. Ed Trifagraph, Berkane 2004. 80p.
Cet oeuvre est préfacé par le professeur Hassan BENHAKEIA, et cet œuvre se compose de trois parties :
- Csi-yayi d axerxar di teceeft n uḍar-nnem (prend moi un khelkhal dans la cheville de ton pied)
- Asḥinḥen n imenYan (le hennissement des batailles)
- TYuyyit n raẓ (la crie de la famine)
Dans cet article, je vais essayer de partager avec les lecteurs le plaisir de découvrir ce beau roman.
- Csi-yayi d axerxar di teceeft n uḍar-nnem
Le livre de Samira porte l’appel du village, un village comme le mien, le votre, le notre. A travers les événements de ce roman qui se déroulent dans un village, on découvre une belle histoire qui s’articule autour de Hniyya : la personnage qui vivait toujours dans la mémoire des villageois, et l’histoire de cette femme est devenu un appel de l’écho qui se déplace dans le village : « Tedwer tudart n Hniyya d tanfust n tigwdi, teawad-itt s tmeddit twesart iwayyawen tesrkukkuḍ-asen-d ameṭṭa. Tedwer d taqessist n uzitcez yisrawen x wudem n tenda, nufesren izran-nnes. War tufi amecsa ura d acannay att-iYennej. Tedwer d araYi n meYridu itmuttuyen d aearbub di dcar. Aeerbub n Yezzu id yefruryen zeg imeṭṭawen. » (p. 16).
Hniyya avait deus sœurs : Trayetmas et Mimunt, et un seul frère : Mezyan. Ses parents sont : Mennana n Udarqawi et Muḥend n Mimun. Cette fille et de petite taille, et ses yeux représentent la moitié de sa beauté : « Hniyya tuYa-tt taquḍat n tiddi, d tmudrust n yexsan, arramet-nnes d tazdat axmi tt-yecca raṭṭan, acewwaf d abarcan temud-it d asYun x weerur ad tini-d itawi zzay-s rmir, aYembub d ameẓyan d azdad, tiṭṭawin d tibarcanin iriwent ; acnaw ayrar i di zekwan nebra yadwar, abriwen qewsen acnaw imeyran, ammiwen d izdaden, tinzarin d tfirut, aqemmum d ameẓyan, tirmect-nnes d tacemratc acnaw adfer. Axmi eemmarṣ war teymi jar tfuyin. Igemmiẓen d izegwaYen iceḥḥeḍ zzay-sen waẓri-nes imun di tiṭṭawin-nnes yiriwen i di yefsus warmac. Rxezrat-nnes yarsin d ayrar yiriwen, itweddar day-s utarras.»(p. 22).
Tasrit n weẓru (la marieé du rocher), c’est le nom d’une grotte : Ifri n tasrit n weẓru. Mais d’où vient ce nom ?. La réponse on la trouve sur les lèvres des habitants du village qui raconte : un jour une mariée a été kidnappée lors du cérémonie de son mariage, par les hommes d’au-delà (rayaḥ) , et ils l’ont emmené à leur grotte. Après quelques jours, Le mari est revenu la chercher; à sa grande surprise, il la trouva transformée en rocher ».
Dans ce lieu là (Ifri n tasrit n weẓru), Hniyya jouait avec les fils du village : Rmextar, Sellam et emaruc. Ils ont passé ensemble des belles moments, mais ce bonheur ne va pas durer longtemps, car Rmextar va immigrer vers l’Algérie, Sellam quittait le village avec son père, quant à emaruc, son père (ḥemmadi n ZZubee ) lui interdit de jouer, et le tabassait pour cette raison. Suite à cela, Hniyya a resté seule, et elle était triste : « Tarxu Hniyya i wudji-nnes, uca tuyur ad trah ad tarwes. War tbedd ar ami txecc Yar yefri. Maca, deg wass enni tuYa yefri yemsebḍa di rxezrat n Hniyya x mammec i tuYa tzar rebda. War dini tufi Hniyya mYar asqar isagwad itmarmad ridaret yecnan n idennad; ridaret enni I zi tuYa fayen iYuyyan n iḥenjaren imezyanen, idewren ruxa d turja; maYar iḍennaḍ enni yecnan eemmarṣad yedwer. Yuyur yecsi akid-s tumart, yecsi akid-s tazyudi yejja tarzugi ad tezdeYdeg wur n Hniyya I di tareẓ tumart. » (p. 25).
Par ailleurs, on voit que l’auteur a bien décrit les traits du village, et parmi ces traits : la source des larmes (Tanda Imeṭṭaw), ces larmes appartiennent au mariée kidnappée ; elle a tant pleuré que de ses larmes a jaillit une source d'eau.
Tout au long de « Tasrit n Weẓru », on trouve d’autres personnages, comme Yamna la sœur de Rmextar, et Mennuc n eri, sa cousine qui est contrairement de Hniyya ; elle est sévère, et elle avait les traits des garçons : «Mennuc tuYa-tt d tazirart n tiddi, texnes zi tYarḍin. AYembub d azirar, tiYmas msarbunt, anzaren qewsen, tiṭṭawin tiwarYiyyin uyrent, acewwaf d ireẓear d aknannaḍ, Mennuc tuYa-tt d tanefnaft; tarra awar Yar wanzaren, tuYa-tt teqseḥ marra tarwa n dcar tagwden zzay-s. TuYa Yar-s tifras n uḥudri; war tigwed war trueun. Tegg marra min texs war yedji wi d-as Ya d-ybedden deg wudem. Mennuc tuYa Yar-s sin n wudmawen, Yar tenda tiri ak inuyam acnaw tamẓa. Maca axmi tragwaḥYar taddart-nsent, mucc itizwar-as s rḥes.»(p.36).
Mennuc aimait Rmextar, mais le coeur de ce dernier ne battait que pour Hniyya, qui était l’une des plus belle fille du village, et qui a été aimée aussi par Sellam et emaruc, alors que Hniyya n’aimait que Rmextar, qui est revenu au village après une très longue absente : « Tarjij Hniyya, rami tesra i wsemqar n Rmextar. IYir-as turja; amen ead tfuct deg wezyen n ujenna. Tecsi-d Hniyya tiṭṭawin-nnes zi tmmurt, mṣagarent rxezrat-nnes ak rxezrat n Rmextar. Yeduqeẓ wassam jar-asen, yareddej marra issegwussa enni ituYa ten-ysenearqen x wayawya. Yucem-d ridaret n temẓi, ituYa yrebten deg wurawen. Tentar-ed tayri enni, ituYa yisrawen. Asqar yedwer d tizmin, war d-as-tesrin mYar nitni. Aqriqent tiṭṭawin, nnant aṭṭaṣ n wawaren . Siwrent deg wesqar x temẓi enni ituYa-ten iyarwen, x wussan enni yiẓiḍen yeYzan di rxezrat-nsen, x tayri enni tazedgant id iruren jar-asen, zzat ma ad remden awar zi xaf-s Ya d-msawaren. Ruxa rami mYaren, arzun x wayawya deg wudem n tfuct. Tfuct enni id yenqaren d araYi, tsemṣagar urawen.nsen yeffuden. Marra awaren a twannan s rxezrat, tesran-asen wurawen.» (pp. 43-44).
A travers ce roman, l’auteur va nous inviter à voyager dans ce village Rifain, découvrir quelques coutumes comme la fête de tearqibect( )de Yamna, qui a invité sa meilleure amie (Hniyya) malgré les malentendus qui avait entre leur deux familles. On voit la minutieuse description des habits de Hniyya :« …tekkar Hniyya tsala marra min tuYa Yar-s d awawri, uca tedwer Yar wexxam-nnes ḥuma ad tqeyyem. Tyareḍ taqendurt n Rgida d riyzar n bu eam, tebyes aḥezzam n rmejdur, tegga tacarbect tesyir Yar-s firu n redwar, tidri tqaren-itt x tenyart.» (p. 63).
Rmextar aimait tant Hniyya, après un long combat avec ses parent qui refusait qu’il y épousé, Rmextar ne se soumit jamais, car il ne peut pas vivre sans sa belle aimée. Alors le destin a rassemblé entre eux, et ils vont être marier, après un amour qui est enraciné dans les deux cœurs : «Sentant tmeYriwin di dcar n Yefri. Iwdan marra swizzan di tumart enni yecuren urawen-nsen, ituYa yefuden Yar uyur a. X texfifin n izidanen itaredajen asqar n ujenna, x triwriwin yareyyec waḍu senjj i redcur, x wesḥinḥen n yecsan id itnufsuren d lYa. Tenya terit di rqamus, tuyur deg uheymur Yar taddart n yesri; wenni umi twarda tiwecca-nnes, tixḍar-it jar marra tarwa n dcar.»(p.68)
La romancière nous ramène dans cette partie à vivre la période de la résistance Rifaine à l’occupation Espagnole. Elle nous décrit l’état du résistant, et de sa famille qu’il quitte vers les champs de bataille, cherchant la liberté : « YefeY-d emmis n tmmurt, rami ytesra iwraYi. Yucar-ed tudart-nnes jar iYadjen n rwacun-nnes; ituYa t-yedrin s tayri. Yarbu mawsa x Weerur, yenya x trict n uyiss.nnes uca yuyur yeggur ibezzar deg eerbab n tadjest id itmendaren zzat-s d icemsan n tigwdi. Ṭweṭṭan-d xaf-s acnaw iseynuten ibarcanen. Gguren akid-s d imesraq x tmewwa n yebriden. TmuYzuren, tiraren tamezgunt n Yezzu zzat i rxezrat-nnes, ḥuma ad as-d sxarṣen enni i zi yemṣebḍa ak rwacun-nnes, ḥuma ad ṣerkukḍen tayarzawt di radjaY-nnes, ḥuma ad yedwer ad yarekweḥ, ad yejj amẓiwen nehccen di arramet n yemma-s, ad yettu marra iraYan-nnes. Yucem yiss-nes s inirzawen, yemḥizwar ak tḥaryat enni yesYuyen di tmeddit enni yethewren, iharweḍ marra icemusen enni n tadjest ituYa t-esneetaren, yejja awarn-as rxezrat n temYart-nnes it-itwadaeen deg wesqar, ḥuma ad akid-s yeqim war yeggur. ḥuma war yedikwir reiz-nsen d ayraren n imeṭṭawen. Yejja iraYan n emmi-s ead itareddaj-iten uweddar. ead itbarkikiḍ di tmmurt, itraja Yar ifassen n baba-s ad dewren ad as-sqicmen. Yejja asYad n yemma-s, ead itifrar-as x wudem. Nettat umi yetYir ad tizwar i emmi-s Yar wender. War tezri ira d emmi-s id-as Ya d-yemten jar iYadjen. Marra manaya icuq-ed d taseynut n unebdu deg ixarriṣen n emmi-s n tmmurt, rami tet-tuYa ytemcumbuḍ ak idurar; yarezzu di tfawt n yetran x webrid enni iṣakwaḍen Yar raxart, Yar tudart n trugza iYemyen deg wender.»
(p. 83).
Ce qui est le plus remarquable, et le plus touchant dans cet œuvre, c’est le style poétique de Samira. On sent que nous sommes en face d’un long poème écrit en prose : Par exemple: « Tnfust a yedji d tazirart, tura x tefras n unebdu yefuden, tura x tefray umawan yuzYen, tura s tnedwin n imeṭṭawen d iYezran Nn idammen. Tanfust a yedji, d ayezum yeYban deg urawen, d araYi n mezri enni ead war yewiḍen, d lYa n taqessist ixeyqen itwaYenjen s reḥriq di tmeYra n imeṭṭawen.» (p. 103).
« Awar ineetar deg iyran n uxeyyeq yefuden, war yeqim di tudart iYezran n imeṭṭawen iten Ya d-iseswen. War yeqim deg durar aẓiḍer i zi Ya d-eqden tiṭṭ n uyujir inuryen. War yeqim di tmuYri yesrawen, mYar asqar ithewren.» (p. 114).
Après les confrontations sanglantes des Rifains face aux Espagnols dans la bataille du mont Abarran, où y été enterré vivant dans une grotte, le père et le frère de Hniyya, à cause du bombardement massif des canons de l’ennemi. Or, Hniyya ne resta pas les mains croisés, au contraire, elle va défendre sa terre, sa patrie. Tout la peur et l’angoisse de cette femme sont devenu une bravoure infinie : « ... Aeerbub enni tuYa-t d aeerbub n Hniyya. Hniyya eni id yesduqzen taryast-nnes, zeg Yezran n tigwdi. Tejja tarwa-nnes, teffeY maḥend ad etseY s buḥber-nnes tudart day-s Tirelli; maḥend taY tasYart i rwacun-nnes id as-yenYa urumi. Hniyya tedwer d tYuyyit n texfift, imejaren iṣuraf n uḥewwas zi tmmurt-nnes. D aeerbub n tḥaryat, itiẓẓifen mkur ass deg wudem n imenYan. Tmutuy jar yemjahden d aeerbub n utarras, ura d ij n war yessin min teena. Taffarit-nnes tenti jar weḥsin n Feṭṭuc d weḥsin-nnes. Tenna-s Hniyya i Feṭṭuc; amen teffar udem-nnes di arezzet: “Mara war nesYi s buḥber-nneY car n tmmurt-nneY, ini-ayi wi d-aneY Ya d-isnejmen zeg fassen n Useppanyu. War xaf-i tagwed a yemma Feṭṭuc, tesn-ed ira ḥemmu war day-i yewci mawsa n baba-s, ar ami day-i yezzu marra min d-yermed zeg yemjahden” ».
(pp. 118-119).
Ensuite l’auteur va nous décrire l’une des batailles où Hniyya a participé et blessé par une balle : « Ajemmaḍin; Yar yeYzar. Dini di Tenda n imeṭṭawen ; mani tarYa tmessi n umenYi jar imezdaY n redcur d reeskar n Useppanyu. Zher n texfifin yefuden, izekwa d tYuyyit n tigwdi senjj i tefras n tenda. Ieerbab n yewdan tmutuyen zeg weṣḍar Yar weṣḍar, tweddaren jar ieerbab n tseklutin enudmen x ibuda n yeYzar. Imettan mḍaryacen da d diha ; idammen n iyezzumen-nsen yeYban tneyramen deg ḥubaḍ n tarya d iyermamen. Refwaḥ n raxart; yeṣmurḍuṣ rxezrat n tudart itneetaren jar iṣuḍar; isneetar iṣuraf n Uḥewwas ineqqen s Yezzu radj n tmmurt jar iYadjen n tmmurt-nsen.» (pp. 120-121).
Hniyya a vécu des moments difficiles ; elle a perdu sont fils Muḥquand elle a quitté son village vers l’inconnue : « TuYa-tt d netta-t id edewren, awarni waṭṭaṣ n issegwussa n uweddar. Tedwer-d s waṣḍawen-nnes idewren d yijḍaḍ, tssermad-asen ṭṭawa. Tedwer-d s marra tarwa-nnes, war tweddar deg weneaq-nnes ura d ij n neḍnni. Maca, tweddar dini temẓi-nnes teyru-d senni tewsar. Tweddar dini tizemmar-nnes tucar-as-tent tamara. Tweddar dini aẓri n tefras-nnes, deg waqriq n rxezrat-nnes yiriwen yezdeY wesqar; zedYen aṭṭaṣ n wawaren. Maca, d awaren nebra zher. Awaren war d asen-etesri mYar wur-nnes. Ur enni n tyemmat iweddaren ij n zi tarwa-nnes. Tweddar-it. Maca, ead traja akid-s dini temṣagar. ead traja atenti fad n wesqar-nnes, jar eYadjen n emmi-s; amen enetti yeYzar aqriq n waman-nnes, jar iYadjen n iṣuḍar.» (p. 79).
En revanche, Muḥemmadi va revenir vers sa demeure, il se met entre les bras de sa mère qui l’attendait tellement, et qui croyait que son fils est toujours en vie. Dans le passage suivant on voit la chaleureuse rencontre entre Hniyya et Muḥemmad: « Tcarreg Hniyya afray n imeḍran enni. S zher n iṣuraf-nnes itarjijin. Tbed jar imeḍran. Tareyyec rxezrat-nnes yeffuden, senjj eeerbab n raxart d iYubar n wesqar, twara aeerbub enni n uḥudri, ixaf tarezzu ibedd jar imeḍran yetru. Zher n imeṭṭawen-nnes iyezmen, tuYa isekkar-ed marra eeerbab enni n reḥriq, i tuYa dini netyen issegwussa. Tudes Yar-s Hniyya s iṣuraf izdeY-iten wesqar. Tenna-s amen tarezzu di tefras-nnes ixeyqen x tefras n useymi enni, i tweddar aṭṭaṣ n issegwussa zeg wami: “Ejj-ayi ad ẓareY udem-nnec a emmi. Rxezrat-inu yesfad mezri, qqarent-ayi ira d eccek d emmi enni Muḥemmadi. Maca, r-inu yesbuqa-yayi, yeqqar-ayi: ira emmi eni iweddaren ead aqa-t iweddar”.
Yecsi-d uḥudri enni udem-nnes i zi iraren issegwussa, di rxezrat n Hniyya yezref mezri. Tifras-nnes ixeyqen, yeYza day-sent reḥriq aṭṭaṣ n iyezzumen. Eyezzumen Yban ura d ij n war ezemmar ad asen yegg asafar. Ura d issegwussa enni yeqqimen war zemmaren ad ten-armen. Tru Hniyya; amen temcumbuḍ s rxezrat-nnes yeffuden, ak tefras n uḥudri enni i xaf-s tessigwej tudart.» (p. 183).
Pourtant, la passion des autres fils de Hniyya de quitter le village, était la chose la plus terrible pour cette femme qui a tant souffert pour agrandir ses enfants jusqu’à qu’ils ont devenus des hommes. Même le village va être très triste suite au départ involontaire de la fidèle Hniyya :
« Yewḍ-ed wass enni i di Ya d-tuyur Hniyya. Tifras n dcar n Yefri yeYba day-sent wesqar. Refrug n yejḍaḍ, Yenjen x tburjatin n taddart-nnes, iYennijen xeyqen. Marra enni tuYa tt-yesnen usin-d ad run ruyuret-nnes zi dcar. Ura d tfuct n wass enni teyr-ed maḥend akid-s temṣafaḍ ; axmi tuYa egwden ad assettun tarwa-nnes abrid n tdewra.» (p. 188).
« Tuyur Hniyya ak tarwa-nnes. Tezwa deg wayrar enni n wesqar yifraren senjj i tefras n dcar. Tuyur, tweddar di ragwaj n webrid enni azirar. Tweddar amen tweddar ca n tenfust, jar tefray n udellis n tudart yeccuren s tenfas. Tuyur, ak tuyuret-nnes, xesyen aṭṭaṣ n iṣefḍawen di dcar.» (p. 192).
La vie de Hniyya en ville était un enfer, c’est pourquoi qu’elle se sentait qu’elle est dans une prison, surtout que ses fils ne vont jamais tenter de visiter leur village natal. Néanmoins, cette femme ne résista pas à la nostalgie du dcar, et elle va rendre visite au lieu où elle a passé les meilleurs moments de sa vie. Mais, malheureusement tout est perdu, même sa maison c’est fondu au fil du temps. Hniyya été très touchée de voir tout cela :« Tudar Hniyya Yar ij n weẓru, zeg yezra n tadart-nnes i yssarca rmessus n issegwussa yarr-itt d icarcar. Tecsi-d aẓru enni jar iḍewḍan-nnes issarjij mezri. Tecsi-t-id; axmi d-tkessi aseymi yetru, tesru-t s taqsuḥi n tudart d tḥaryaḍin n issegwussa. Sefyen-d iYezran n imeṭṭawen, zi tmuYri n Hniyya iyezmen; axmi tuYa tarezzu ad teawed i weẓru enni; x reḥriq enni teddar zeg wami tuyur zi dcar; x marra iyezzumen n ridaret-nnes d yiẓẓifen n wesqar; x marra timedditin enni i di turja s tdewra.» (pp. 198-199).
Mais, ce qui est encore plus pire pour cette femme, c’est la découverte de la vente de sa terre, la terre des ancêtres par ses propres fils. Hniyya n’a rien comprit, et elle a beaucoup pleuré à cause de l’ingratitude des fils : « tgeeeed Hniyya x teerurt senjj i yefri n tesrit n weẓru. Dini; mani tesra iwYedjuy itraYa-d xaf-s. Dini, mani iḥada reḥriq iyezzumen n wesqar-nnes. Tru dini; acnaw taseymit enni iweddaren. Tru; amen txarraṣ eg webrid enni azirar i tuyur ak tarwa-nnes zeg umezwar, di marra issegwusa enni n tamara i teddar maḥend ad ten-d tessemYar. Tru; axmi eemmarṣ war teqqis tarzugi n uweddar. Tru; manzi war d-as-ejjin tarwa-nnes, mYar ameṭṭa. Tru, rami tedwer tudart-nnes d iYzar n reḥriq; Yar-s asenti. Maca, war Yar-s bu aneggar. Tru; amen tseqsa ixf-nnes teqqar:
" Ma tuYa dini ca di tudart-inu, war d-asent-ewciY i tarwa-ynu? Ma war d-asen wardiY marra temẓi-ynu? Ma d-asen ewciY reḥmu n iYadjen-inu? Mayemmi Ya d irrin d nitni id-ayi Ya d-iwardan reḥriq? Mayemmi d nitni i Ya d-yezzenzen, min d-emesYen s buḥber n baba-tsen? Mayemmi d nitni i Ya d-yaredren, marra min syedden inuba-nsen? »
(p. 200).
Dans la fin du roman, on découvre que Muḥemmadi, le fils immigré de Hniyya, ce n’est que lui qui a acheté cette terre, cependant il n’a jamais pu revoir sa mère pour la dernière fois à cause de sa maladie. Pour cette raison il a confié à sa fille la mission d’aller chercher Hniyya, pour lui dire la vérité.
En fin Hniyya a pu rencontrer cette fille qui la cherché, et qui va lui raconté tout, avant que Hniyya nous quitte pour toujours, mais sa mémoire restait vivante pour l’éternité dans chaque coins du village :
« Tuyur Hniyya zi tudart-nneY i rebda. Maca, aqriq eni n rxezrat-nnes yiriwen, ad yeqqim rebda yeddar deg wurawen-nneY yeffuden. Ad yeqqim rebda ezeddeY, senjj i mkur asdar zeg ṣuḍar n dcar, senjj i mkur aqriq n waman itazren deg yeYzar, senjj i mkur axzar zi rxezrat n Tesrit n Weẓru i di nyermemen issegwussa n wesqar.»
(p. 203).
Conclusion :
Pour conclure, j’espère qu’au moins j’ai pu partager avec vous un peu de cette remarquable œuvre Amazighe, et j’espère bien que les militants (es) Amazighs - ou ceux qui se croient ainsi - lisent ce roman, et les autres écrits Amazighs, car malheureusement notre langue souffre beaucoup, pas seulement à cause des ennemis de la vie, mais de la rareté d’une vraie lectorat qui aiment lire en Tamazight : notre propre langue.
1- sorte de fête pour annoncer les fiançailles.
Auteur: Abdel Mottaleb ZIZAOUI


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Tinhinan d taneɣmast n TV4 Tamaziɣt, yeffeɣ-d wawal akken d argaz-is i ttyezlan, isallen i d-nawel yiwen wemdan i qerben ar twacult-is deg sebtar-ines n Facebook. Ar tura ulac isallen unṣiben i d-yefɣen ama deg tama n twacult-is neɣ deg tama n tisulta tazayrit, ayen kan i d-yettwawekden, Tinhinan d tin i ɣ-yeǧǧan i d-yeǧǧǧan deffir-es sin n igerdan d imeẓyanen.
ad d-nezzi s wugar n isallen
Tinhinan Laseb Sadun : Taneɣmast n tilizri taɣennawt tazayrit tettwanɣa.
Tinhinan d taneɣmast n TV4 Tamaziɣt, yeffeɣ-d wawal akken d argaz-is i ttyezlan, isallen i d-nawel yiwen wemdan i qerben ar twacult-is deg sebtar-ines n Facebook. Ar tura ulac isallen unṣiben i d-yefɣen ama deg tama n twacult-is neɣ deg tama n tisulta tazayrit, ayen kan i d-yettwawekden, Tinhinan d tin i ɣ-yeǧǧan i d-yeǧǧǧan deffir-es sin n igerdan d imeẓyanen.

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Awar n Arebbi s Tmazight n Arrif
Ṯarifiṯ
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Ṯabrat n arrasul Yaƹqub s ṯmaziɣṯ n Arrif (Ṯarifiṯ)
Lʼinjil ɣares ṯnayen n yisemawen, qqaren-as Lʼinjil qqaren-as ƹaweḏ Ȓƹaheḏ ḏ jḏiḏ. Lʼinjil ḏayes 27 n ssuraṯ. Ssura wis ƹicrin yuri-t Siḏna Yaƹqub u qqaren-as Ṯabrat n Yaƹqub. Ṯtarjem ḏanita s ṯmaziɣṯ n Arrif, iƹni ṯarifiṯ. Min iƹna Siḏna Yaƹqub? Netta ḏ mmis n Maryam yemmas n Siḏna Ƹisa. Yumen Siḏna Yaƹqub zi Siḏna Ƹisa iḏweȓ ḏ arrasul ḏ arrayes n jmaƹeṯ n ȓmuminin ḏi Lquds. Ṯabrat-a ṯessawaȓ-aneɣ x ibriḏen iy zi ɣa nexḏem lʼiman nneɣ. Ṯessawaȓ-aneɣ x lʼiman ḏ ȓexḏayem, ḏ ipubriṯen ḏ twajar, ḏ mammec ɣa nerbeḥ ȓemḥayen s ṣbar ḏ ṯẓaǧiṯ, ḏ ȓefhameṯ zi Arebbi, ḏ mammec ɣa nṣenneṭ a negg awaȓ n Arebbi, ḏ ȓxaṭar ig iǧan ḏeg yiȓes, ḏeg wuḏemawen ḏ ttakebbur ḏ uƹeyyeb. Ṯeqqar ssura-ya ḏeg wuḏem wis 1 zi lʼaya 12 aȓ 15: Ssaƹḏ n wenni iṣbaren ḏi ȓemḥayen, minzi xmi ɣa injeḥ aḏ iysi ttaj n ṯudarṯ iy zi iƹaheḏ Arebbi i yinni ṯ itḥibban. Meȓa iwḍa can yijjen ḏi can ȓmiḥnaṯ, war iqqir ca aqa ȓmiḥnaṯ-a ṯusa-d zi Arebbi. Minzi Arebbi war itemtiḥin ḥadd ḥima aḏ iwḍa ḏi ccerr, ccerr war itemtiḥin bu Arebbi. Maca bnaḏem itwaɣarra ḏi ssabab n ccehweṯ nnes ṯaƹeffant iy ṯ ixeddƹen teqqen-iṯ. Ccehweṯ tmerni-d tawi-d ȓmuƹṣiyeṯ, u ȓmuƹṣiyeṯ ṯmeqqar uca tawi-d ȓmewṯ. Ɣer niɣ ṣenneṭ swadday i wawaȓen nneɣnit n Arebbi iy d yusin ḏi ssura qqaren-as Ṯabrat n Yaƹqub.
Droits d'auteur © 2022, Awar n Arebbi s Tmazight n Arrif


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Tigentest
Tigentest (Isem usnan: Anacyclus pyrethrum) d talmest n yemɣi seg twacult n tetrawt. Heinrich Friedrich Link (fr) d amdan amezwaru i yuran fell-as. Talmest-a teḥseb-itt IUCN am d talmest ur tettwageẓ.
Ismawen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Isem-is s latinit: Anacyclus pyrethrum
- Isem-is s tefransist: Pyrèthre d'Afrique
- Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Agunṭas[1]
- Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt:
Isseqdac[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tiwelhiwin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ ‘Étude botanique sur la Kabylie du Jurjura, avec catalogue’ - Aristide Letourneux - Imprimerie Nationale Française, Paris 1870


text:
Awar n Arebbi s Tmazight n Arrif
Ṯarifiṯ
Vous êtes ici
Ṯabrat n arrasul Bulus ɣar ȓmuminin iǧan ḏi ṯendint n Ruma s ṯmaziɣṯ n Arrif (Ṯarifiṯ)
- Ṯabrat n arrasul Bulus ɣar ȓmuminin iǧan ḏi ṯendint n Ruma s lḥuruf n ṯeƹrabṯ. Bulus netta ḏ ij n arrasul n Siḏna Ƹisa Lmasiḥ. Ṯabrat n arrasul Bulus ɣar ȓmuminin iǧan ḏi ṯendint n Ruma 1 – 16
- Ṯabrat n arrasul Bulus ɣar ȓmuminin iǧan ḏi ṯendint n Ruma s lḥuruf n latiniya. Bulus netta ḏ ij n arrasul n Siḏna Ƹisa Lmasiḥ. Ṯabrat n arrasul Bulus ɣar ȓmuminin iǧan ḏi ṯendint n Ruma 1 – 16
Lʼinjil ɣares ṯnayen n yisemawen, qqaren-as Lʼinjil qqaren-as ƹaweḏ Ȓƹaheḏ ḏ jḏiḏ. Lʼinjil ḏayes 27 n ssuraṯ. Ssura wis setta yuri-t Siḏna Bulus u qqaren-as Ṯabrat n arrasul Bulus ɣar ȓmuminin iǧan ḏi ṯendint n Ruma. Ṯtarjem ḏanita s ṯmaziɣṯ n Arrif, iƹni ṯarifiṯ. Min iƹna Siḏna Bulus? Tuɣa netta ḏ aʼisraʼili ḏ axwanji, maca iẓra Siḏna Ƹisa ḏi lwaḥi ikkar Bulus yumen zi Siḏna Ƹisa. Iggi-ṯ Arebbi ḏ arrasul. Ssura-ya ḏ ijjen ṯebrat iy yura Siḏna Bulus i ȓmuminin imezwura iy zeddɣen ḏi ṯendint n Ruma. Yura ḏayes Siḏna Bulus x mixef ɣa nenjem, iƹni ɣir meȓa numen zi Siḏna Ƹisa war iǧi bu s lḥasanaṯ nneɣ iy ɣa negg i Arebbi. Ḥima a nsarḍa Arebbi itxeṣṣa a namen zi Siḏna Ƹisa. Meȓa lla, ƹemmarṣ a nfekk zi lḥisab ḏ lƹiqab n Arebbi xmi ɣa neḥḍar zzaṯes ḏi Yewm Lqiyama. Meȓa numen zi Siḏna Ƹisa war nzemmar a neggweḏ walu. Ṯeqqar ssura-ya ḏeg wuḏem wis 8 zi lʼaya 38 aȓ 39: Aqa nec metʼakked belli uȓa ḏ ij n ṯmesȓayṯ zi min d itwaxeȓqen war ṯzemmer aḏaneɣ ṯeƹzeȓ x ȓemḥibbeṯ n Arebbi iy d iseḍharen ḏi Siḏna Ƹisa Lmasiḥ: ȓa ḏ ȓmewṯ, ȓa ḏ ṯuḏarṯ, ȓa ḏ lmalaʼikaṯ, ȓa ḏ ccayaṭin, ȓa ḏ jnun, ȓa ḏ min iǧan ȓexxu, ȓa ḏ min d ɣa yasen, ȓa ḏ min yuƹȓan, ȓa ḏ min yuǧɣen, uȓa ḏ can nneɣnit. Ɣer niɣ ṣenneṭ swadday i wawaȓen nneɣnit n Arebbi iy d yusin ḏi ssura qqaren-as Ṯabrat n arrasul Bulus ɣar ȓmuminin iǧan ḏi ṯendint n Ruma.
Droits d'auteur © 2022, Awar n Arebbi s Tmazight n Arrif


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Zeg ineggura n lqern 19, zemmemen ikulnyalen aṭṭas n iɣezdisa n tudert n irifiyen d tdelsa-nsen d leɛwayed-nsen, am Auguste Mouliéras i yeggin ij n trezzut d tatnugrafit, d tasusyulugt x tqebbal n Arif asegg°as n 1895, d Samuel Biarnay, i dd-yessufɣen ɛawed tarezzut-nnes asegg°as n 1917 x tmaziɣt n Arif, yesmun dag-s aṭṭas n tḥuja d yezlan d umawal d leɛwayed zeg waṭṭas n tqebbal n Arif. d Amédée Renisio i yeggin ɛawed ij n trezzut asegg°as n 1932 x tmaziɣt n Arif zi Ayt Yeznasen ar Senhaja Srayer, yesmun dag-s ula d netta xarebbi n tḥuja d yezlan d leɛwayed d umawal, Rni-dd x-asen iseppunya i izemmemen leɛwayed n Arif, zag-sen Sarrionandia d José Borrallo Vadillo d Emilio Blanco … Bla ma a nettu ɛawed inni i dd-yusin awern-asen am David Montgomery Hart i yuran x teqbilt n Ayt Weryaɣel aegg°as n 1976, d temɣart-nnes Ursula Kingsmill Hart i yuran x temɣarin tirifiyin asegg°as n 1994…
Tarezzut d uzemmem n wudmawen n tdelsa d leɛwayed n Arif i yettwaggen di llṭa n uḥewwes niɣ qbel cwayt, ttuɣa din awern-as tiṭ n tmura n Uruppa i dd-yeḥḍan Arif d Lmeɣrib amen yekmel, ttuɣa ttzemmamen ḥuma ad ssnen iwdan mamec i ttɛicen d mamec i ttxarrsen, d min ssawalen… Aya merra ḥuma a x-asen dd-adfen. Maca waxxa amenni, ttuɣa-tent d tirezzutin ssersent aẓru n ddsad, ttwaḥsabent d tala i waṭṭas n trezzutin ttwaggant lexxu, deg yeyyar n tesnilest, niɣ n tetruppulugt, niɣ n tsusyulugt, niɣ n tsekla…
Awarn i wufuɣ n uḥewwas, aked uselmed i teḍfer ddewla n Lmeɣrib, i yebnan x wesɛerreb, yejja imerzuten ad reẓmen aqemmum ɣer ccerq, ad ttun tadelsa-nsen d yiles-nsen. Maca aked ineggura n isegg°usa n settin terred-dd awru, dewlen ttwaggan isurifen n trezzutin x tmaziɣt d tdelsa-nnes d leɛwayed n imaziɣen…
Madam nessawal x uzemmem d wegraw n leɛwayed d wudmawen n tsekla tamiwant, a dd-nidar Ḥasan Benɛaqiya i yesmunen xarebbi n yezlan n Arif, d Ɛebdelmuṭṭalib Zizawi i yuran tarezzut-nnes n dduktura x yezlan n Arif ula d netta. Zeg yinni i yesmunen izlan ɛawed, dinni Maysa Racida, tessufeɣ-iten-dd deg wedlis qqaren-as: « izran izran »… Aked uɣezdis n uzemmem n yezlan, din wi yeswiẓẓḍen ɛawed ɣer tḥuja d tenfas; zag-sen: Muḥemmed El Ayoubi i yesmunen 15 n tenfas tiqdimin, iturjem-itent ɣer tefransist, izemmem-itent deg yij n wedlis yeffeɣ-dd asegg°as n 2000 s yisem n « Les merveilles du Rif ». Din ɛawed Qaḍi Qeddur i izemmemen ij n tnayen n tḥuja yura-tent di trezzut-nnes n dduktura, iturjem-itent ɣer tefransist. din Hicam Beɛɛu i dd-yessufɣen adlis-nnes amezwaru « nnan di zic n wussan », yesmun dag-s tmenya n tḥuja n Arif. Din ɛawed Muḥemmed Aquḍaḍ i dd-yesmunen lebɛaḍ n tḥuja, maca izemmem aturjem i dasent-yegga waha ɣer taɛrabt, deg yij n wedlis yeffeɣ-dd d ucrik aked Ɛebdellah Cariq d Lḥusin Lqamari asegg°as n 1994. Wer nettettu ɛawed Muḥemmed Budcic, ula d netta yessufeɣ-dd adlis yesmun dag-s tiḥuja n Arif, maca ula d netta wer izemmem ca iḍrisen i yuran s yiles n tmaziɣt, yestekfa s uturjem-nsen ɣer teɛrabt, Din ɛawed Jamal Abarrou i dd-yessufɣen adlis asegg°as n 2018, yegga-s « LILA ET AMAR Contes berbères du Rif de la tribu d’Ayt Waryagher » yesmun dag-s tinfas zi Ayt Weryaɣel, turejment ɣer tefransist.
Min ma nenna x uzemmem n tdelsa d leɛwayed n Arif, nettaf ila aṭṭas i daneɣ-yeɛdun, aṭṭas i daneɣ-ixessen… Kter ɛad, di zzman-a i di nettɛic aked cwayt n yewdan ɛad ɛeqlen i tmunitin n twacunin ɣer tfawt n lqendel, d tirart n « man fus i yellan sennej » deg wexxam, d uɛawed n tḥuja, d wesneḥsel n yij d wenneɣni s twafitin… Arendad i manaya, nettaka s umerzu Muḥemmed Budcic ittahnaci ḥuma ad yemmneɣ aked iseɣwan n zzman i yesreggaben udem n Arif n yij nnhar... ittahnaci ḥuma ad izemmem min yuglen di twengimin i di yeqqim cwayt n buḥbel, ataɣ ad yeqqim yercem wer imeḥḥi.
Zegga i dd-yessufeɣ adlis deg 2019, yesmun dag-s tiḥuja, yedwel-dd Muḥemmed Budcic s wedlis nniḍen d amaynu, yeffeɣ-dd asegg°as-a (2021) s yisem n « Ca n tirarin n wegdud d timeɣrabiyin , zi Arif » (ألعاب شعبية مغربية من الريف), Adlis-a yura-t s teɛrabt, dag-s 223 n tesniwin, yegga-s tamessizwarut Jamal ddin Lxaḍiri.
1- Lxezrat deg wezwel
Azwel n wedlis yura s tira gedrent, yebḍa x tnayen n icerriḍen. Acerriḍ amezwaru dag-s: « Ca n tirarin n wegdud d timeɣrabiyin ». Acerriḍ wiss tnayen dag-s: « zi Arif ». Da, ittban umari ila yexs a dd-yebḍa s yij n wemkan d ajugrafi d ameqqran, i ɣer yeqqen timeslayin i xef yesserɣ tfawt di trezzut-nnes (Lmeɣrib). Zi senni, ihekk°a-dd ḥuma ad yessken s uḍaḍ ɣer wemkan ajugrafi d ameẓẓyan i xef yessers tiṭṭ di trezzut-nnes (Arif). Azwel yeqqar s yij n lefhamet: tirarin-a d timeɣrabiyin, maca necc ixḍareɣ-awem-dd zi Arif waha.
Min nzemmer a nini x manaya? Aseqsi-ya, ittawey-aneɣ bac a nehwel cwayt amari s useqsi nniḍen, a das-nini: Ma wer tettwilid aqa ttuɣa tzemmred a dd-tebdid zeg wemkan d ajugrafi d ameqqran, yujer wenni i di tesnaɣed tirarin-a? Ma wer tettwilid aqa tirarin-a d timaziɣin, nzemmer a tent-naf di kter zi tmenya n tmizar mani i tettenneḍ tmaziɣt, d mani i tella rriḥet n tdelsa tamaziɣt? Ttuɣa izemmer wezwel n wedlis ad yili ammu: « Ca n tirarin n wegdud d timaziɣin zi Arif ». S manaya, ttwaliɣ nreẓẓem tawwurt i imeɣri ḥuma ad yaka s usentel-a aqa iẓewran-nnes wtin ula ajemmaḍ i yegmiren i tegga tsertit. Tirarin-a, aqqa-ten-t di merra timura n imaziɣen.
2- Min izemmem Muḥemmed Budcic?
Amen nniɣ qbel, yusa-dd wedlis-a ḥuma ad yessedder min ittraḥen ittmetta, s uzelzi n tɛejjajt x tirarin n yeqdimen di Arif, i zi nzemmar a dd-nessufeɣ lxezrat d tintrupulugin, d tisusyulugin ɣer tudert n Arif d irifiyen. Minzi di llṭa i di ttuɣa wer llint sekwilat, ttuɣa tirarin-a d ij n sekwila i zi dd-iɛeddu uḥenjir arifi, ilemmed dag-s mamec dd-ɣa-yawi tasɣart-nnes, mamec ɣa yeṭṭef acbar, mamec ɣa iweqqer wi yemɣaren, mamec ɣa yessejhed ddat-nnes… Tirarin n yeqdimen, nzemmer a x-asent nini: d asurif i zi dd-iɛeddu uḥenjir ḥuma ad yili d arifi, mmi-s n Arif n llṭa-nni…
Sennej i tmessizwarut i yura Jamal Lxaḍiri, d yij n tadaft tura s ufus n umari, nettaf adlis-a yebḍa x setta n iɣezdisa: tirarin n jjmaɛet, tirarin n lmunasabat, tirarin n leqfazet d uɣamar, tirarin n wi ɣa irebḥen, tirarin n wemseksi, tirarin n tiɣit.
S kulci; yesmun Budcic 47 n tirarin, deg yij n trezzut iwessef dag-s mamec i ttuɣa tteggen i tirarin-a, d wi tent-ittiraren, d mani i tent-ttiraren, d melmi. Manaya merra yerra-s tayit s yij n tiɣit, d yij n tutlayt tɣeyyez, tessakk°aḍ aterras ad yefhem tirart axmi i dag-s ixezzar zzat i tiṭṭawin-nnes.
3- Zi Arif, maca cwayt zi Arif.
Amen nessen, tirarin n imaziɣen waxxa d tinni d tinni, maca ttemsebḍant di lebɛaḍ n twezwizin i ittejjan abeddi ɣer-sent yif ad yili ḥuma ad tizdig lxezrat ɣer trezzut d uzemmem n uɣezdis-a n tdelsa tamaziɣt. Zeg iwezwizen-a i ibeṭṭan tirart zi tmurt-a ɣer tin, niɣ zi teqbilt-a ɣer tin, niɣ ca n twalatin zi ddcer-a ɣer win…; nettaf din isem n tirart. Manaya wer ɣer-s ibedd ca umari Muḥemmed Budcic deg waṭṭas n twalatin. S umedya, tinuffra din wi tt-ittsemman tiqnuffar (zi qqen+nuffer); taḥrarat, din wi tt-ittsemman « meḥrurd »; imezleqfen din wi ten-ittsemman imeddqen; aẓru n lemḥijj din wi s-yeqqaren » taqedduḥt n lemḥijj », (minzi deg wemkan n weẓru, ttḥejjren taqedduḥt). « tcemm » din wi das yeqqaren « man fus i yellan sennej »…. Abeddi ɣer manaya izemmer ad yili, maca ittxessa-t wakud d azegrar d usilleɣ n trezzut, d wennaḍ x waṭṭas n imukan.
Xmi nettɛaqqab ɣer wedlis n Muḥemmed Budcic, nettaf-it yugem-dd min yura zi xemsa n yewdan d imeqqranen di lesnin, kul ijjen manis:
- Ḥmed n Ḥemmu n Cɛayeb, d usɛid, ilul asegg°as n 1941.
- Muḥemmed Dari n Reḥmun, d utewzin, yexleq deg 1917.
- Faḍma n Mmuḥ belleḥsen, d utemsamant, tlul deg 1939
- Muḥemmed n Ɛbesslam Lemrabeṭ, d usɛid, ilul asegg°as n 1955.
- Faṭima n Mmuḥ n Ɛmer, d tawriccect, texleq deg 1936.
Xmi nxezzar deg iterrasen-a i zi dd-yugem Budcic, nettessen ila yessers aḍar-nnes deg webrid n trezzut iqaden, minzi yeqseḍ iwdan i yellan d tisedlisin, tiwengimin-nsen iẓḍent s tdelsa tarifit i ttuɣa tteddren kul ass. Maca waxxa amenni, ittɣima usurif-a yeḥdaj isurifen nneɣnit i ɣa iraḥen ɣer iqelɛiyen d Ayt weryaɣel d ibeqquyen d icebdanen d yebdalsen d ayt yeznasen… Bac ad tiriw trezzut, ad iban mani ttemsebḍant tirarin d mani ttemsagarent, la di mamec tent-ittsemma kul amkan, la ɛawed di mamec dasent-tteggen… Manaya bac ad yili, wer yelli ca x yiri n Budcic waha, maca aqqa-t x yiri n merra imerzuten n Arif, d merra imeḥḍaren d iselmaden i itterran taynit i tmaziɣt d min ɣer-s yeqqnen.
4- Merra min izemmem Budcic d tirarin?
Zi ca n tirarin i izemmem Muḥemmed Budcic deg wedlis-nnes, rriɣ taynit i ca n leɛwayed waxxa yeḥḍer dag-sent wudem-nni n lefraḥet d ufewwej, maca yemra bac a tent-nsettef aked tirarin. S umedya, xmi nessawal x Carreḥ Melleḥ, nessawal x ubeddi n imaziɣen ɣer tɛensart. Abeddi-ya swizant dag-s temɣarin d yergazen d iḥudriyen d iḥenjiren… Ittadef di leɛwayed niɣ (ṭṭuqus) n ubeddi ɣer yij n wass ɣer-sen mayemmi i ɣer-s ttbeddan. Mala tekkid-dd x ca n jjmaɛet tteggen cerreḥ melleḥ, uca tennid-asen aqa tettirarem, wer dasen-itteɛjib bu lḥal. Minzi min din tteggen ssnen illa wer yelli bu d tirart.
Min nenna x carreḥ melleḥ di tɛensart, nzemmer a t-nini ula x baccix deg wass n lɛid ameqqran. Xmi i ttmunen iḥudriyen n ddcar ad ggen baccix deg wass n lɛid, wer ḥessben ca min tteggen d tirart. Amenni ɛawed ula d aqelluz i tteggen deg wurar.
Baccix d carreḥ melleḥ d uqelluz… mamec ttwaliɣ, udfen di leɛwayed n wegdud, maca wer llin ca d tirart. Temsar-asen ame tutra n wenẓar/ taɣenja, am ubarreḥ di leswaq… Waxxa deg-sen ij uɣezdis n ufewwej, maca yemra bac a t-negg d taksart ḥuma a neḥseb kulci d tirart.
5- Tirart; d uɣezdis nniḍen n tsekla tamiwant.
Mala ttuɣa tirart dag-s tilal i ittejjan aḥenjir yezzunguz, ineggez, ittemseksi, ittegg tizemmar… Maca zi jjihet nniḍen; aṭṭas zi tirarin ksint udem n tsekla tamiwant, nzemmer a tent-neḥseb d cal i di yewta yiles iẓewran, aked uɣezdis n tenfas d twafitin d yezlan…
Yesserɣ tfawt Muḥemmed Budcic x waṭṭas n yeḍrisen, yeḥya-ten-dd deg wedlis-nnes, zegga i neggur a neẓẓall x waṭṭas n wudmawen n tsekla i iweddren aked ubeddel n wamun arifi.
Maca zegga i rriɣ taynit i ca n yeḍrisen, ufiɣ din tamatart n useqsi tettemrusa x ca n wawalen i ittxessan ad ttwaɣeyyzen, ḥuma ad ɛdun amen tenna ɣer imeɣra. S umedya, deg weḍris i yettwaqqaren di tirart n « tcemm », nettaf dag-s: « mani llan waman-nni? Swin-ten wayyraden. Mani llan wayraden-nni? ɣersen-asen ixedmiyen ».
Necc amen ssneɣ, deg wemkan n « wayyraden » i dd-yusin deg weḍris i izemmem Budcic, ttuɣa ittxessa-t ad yari « iyarraḍ » (Mani llan waman-nni? swin-ten iyarraḍ. Mani llan iyarraḍ-nni? ɣersen-asen ixedmiyen). D wa i yudsen ɣer tidet, minzi wer yelli ca n yizem ɣerrsen-as yewdan. Izemmer ad yili umari wer izemmem bu mliḥ min yesla zeg yinni i das-iɛawden, niɣ zi manis i dd-yugem, izemmer ɛawed ad yili ibeddel weḍris zi teqbilt ɣer tenniḍen.
Aḍris-a n n « tcemm » d amedya, din iḍrisen nneɣni ḥdajen abeddi ɣer mamec i ten ttɛawaden deg yimukan nneɣnit, amecnaw ḥida mida d ca nniḍen…
6- Ɣer umeggar:
Muḥemmed Budcic, zeg imerzuten i yeggin aɣyul deg waṭṭas n imussnawen ixeddmen deg wazzerg n tsekla d tdelsa d tutlayt timaziɣin, minzi iruḥ ɣer mummu n min neḥdaj kter zi ca nniḍen. Mala ttuɣa ikulunyalen zemmemen ḥuma ad ssnen arif d tudert n irifiyen, bac ad ssun abrid i uḥewwes, Budcic d ij umerzu ittzemmam bac ad yejj tawengimt n Arif lebda tedder. Bac ad yessen urifi i dd-yekkren x tirart n ubidyu d intirnit, ad yerẓem tiṭṭawin-nnes deg izurag n tdelsa n lejdud i di yella waṭṭas n wudem n tudert d tcuni.


text:
Mettijet
Mettijet neɣ Mettict (Taɛrabt: متيجة) d yiwen uzaɣar n tmurt Lezzayer, di tama n Lezzayer Tamanaɣt. Isseket 100 km s teɣwzi yerna de 5 ar 20 km s tehri.
Anda-tt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg wegmuḍ tilisa-s llan ɣef wasif Budwaw, deg utaram ɣef Yiɣzer n Nnaḍur deg twilayt n Tipaza. Llan sin yidurar gar uzaɣar n Mettijet : Aṭlas Ablidi d Ssaḥel n Lezayer. Azaɣar-nni yezga-d ɣef wakalen n twilayin n Tipaza, tin n twilayt n Lezzayer d tin n twilayt n Bumerdas.
Tadamsa[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Akalen-is yelhan aṭas i wager (tafellḥt) : medden kerrezen ččina, mandarin, ifeqqusen, talegguẓt (ddellaɛ), atg. Tella kra n temugri deg temdinin n Bufarik d Leblida maca drus-itent i yimezdaɣen i wakken ad tenger tacumart.


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Ass amezwaru, ddfuÉ d ca nneÉ£ni
Azgen ameqqran n wuraren di Arrif ttuÉ£a tteggen-ten yiwdan zegga tili kemmlen, salan zi tmeyra. Uraren-a wer ttkemmilen ar É£a bdan Éawed di tkerza. Ittsemma ttuÉ£a qqnen nican É£er tudert n Urifi d netta mamec iqqen Éawed ixef-nnes aked tmurt i zi ittedder. TamÉ£ra tettekk ar tnayen n simanat n lefraḥet d leÉwayed. Umi imsaren ibeddilen Isusyu-demsanen, yedwel urar ittekk telt yyam, ca n twalatin lexxu ittekk ijjen wass waha. Urar ibeá¹á¹a jar taddart n mulay d teslit, mamec ittili ula deg izuray n ddcar mani izeddeÉ£ mulay d teslit.
Qbel ma ad yili urar, argaz ittcedda awal x tḥenjirt uca yettili lÉedran. Æad i dd-ittas wurar, ca n twalatin taḥenjirt tcerreḠtiggezt maḥend ad tini jjmaÉet belli safi aqqa-tt lux x yiri n wergaz. D abarru n leÉwayed i yettilin di tmeÉ£ra, am ddfuÉ i dd-itteffÉ£en zi taddart n mulay É£er teslit, ttawyen akid-sen min É£a É£ersen d ijjen usenduq dag-s timeslayin i tetteḥwaja teslit. Aked tlewliwin n temÉ£arin d yezlan iccatent aked tiyyita n wallun i yeggur ddfuÉ-a. Awern-as ttasent-id Éawed Éadat nniá¸en, ameknaw lḥenni, d sbeÉ yyam i di ttraḥen lwalidin n teslit maḥend ad ssijjen x yellitsen. Iwa xmi É£a ffÉ£en yina, xenni É£a tekker nettat É£er wenwal ad tebda ad texdem, ad tedwel d icten zi lall n taddart.
Tinamitin n wurar : ddfuÉ d tmeslayin nniá¸en
Deg wussan imezwura n wurar, ttnejmaÉent temÉ£arin di taddart n teslit, mani ttneyrawent x imendi i yettwaggen di lwest-nnes ijjen uḥebbi iccur s waman d tnayen n tmellalin d ijjen uxelxal n tyemmat n teslit ittwaggen s nnuqret. Din imukan nniá¸en deg wemkan ma ad ggen imendi tteggen aren. La d imendi la d aren ttawyen-d rrzeq d lxir, aman d tnayen n tmellalin ttawyent-id tarrawt. Axelxal la d netta ittawi-d lxir d wagla.
TimeÉ£arin ad bdant ad wtent lemÉani s yizlan i ttÉ£ennjent, tayemmat n teslit ad tecá¸eḥ s-nnej i imendi-nni. Nettaf da Taslit nettat teqqen É£er yemma-s s waá¹á¹as, d tayemmat ig ittbeddan s ijjen weá¸ar maḥend ad tessuyur urar-nni, Éawed ḥuma ad twessa mliḥ yelli-s É£a yeggen la d nettat lÉucc-nnes.
Xmi É£a salant zi ccá¸iḥ, yerrwent imendi-nni. Tayemmat ad teḥá¸a timellalin i É£a yecc mulay d teslit zi ssa d usawen. Minzi aqqa timellalin x-asent i tettbedda tarrawt. Tussna TamaziÉ£t tettic-as ijjen waddur i tmellalt. Tessagg°aj tiá¹á¹awin n yiwdan, tettawi-d lfall. Mala weá¸á¸rent timellalin-nni iwa xenni aqqa tamÉ£art ataf wer tzemmer ad taru.
Di taddart n mulay ad sswejden ddfuÉ, mani ttawyen tirezzifin i taddart n teslit, aked taÉ£arest. Aḥuli-nni É£a awyen ad x-as ggen s nnej nnes ijjen ukettan yegga ameknaw sejjada, ad as-ggen lḥenni i tcekrad-nnes. Lḥenni É£er ImaziÉ£en netta yeqqen É£er lefraḥet d tudert. S uyenni xmi ittmetta ḥedd ixess la d ijjen ma ad igg lḥenni. Mala yegga ḥedd lḥenni, ixes ad yini ila ussan uxeyyeq x umettin safi Édun. Aḥuli-nni ad t-wcen i yijjen uḥudri itteÉna-d i mulay maḥend ad t-igewwed É£er taddart n teslit.
Aked uraji n teslit i ddfuÉ, tiwzirin ad ggent taslit di lwesá¹, uca ad d-tas ijjen tḥenjirt Éad d taÉezrit ad teddez lḥenni deg ideydi. Ddegg-a tteggent maḥend ad beÉÉden tiá¹á¹awin n yiwdan d tmegga n ugezzen x teslit. TaÉezrit d nettat tetteddez lḥenni teqqar ijjen yezli :
A Rebbi smun-as i teslit da iqqimen
ḥarbent x-as lmalakat d á¹á¹elba yeqqaren
Di tmeddit ad yebda lḥenni, xmi É£a ittwagg ijjen uḥebbi n lḥenni zzat i teslit. Aḥebbi-nni tteggen-as ticumÉÉatin, Éawed teáºáºun dag-s ijjen tmellalt di lwesá¹-nnes. Qbel ma ad ggen lḥenni-nni ttceddant fus n teslit s ijjen tnayen n iÉ£idwan, ad t-qqnen di lmeÉsem n ufus-nnes. Tenni É£a yeqqnen ffus-nnes afusi ixess ad tili temlek, tenni É£a yeqqnen fus aáºelmaḠixess-as ad tili Éad d taÉezrit. Manaya ixes ad yini ila taḥenjirt tettmuttuy zi tuÉezzareyt É£er lemlak. Xmi É£a salant timÉ£arin zi merra manaya, ad bá¸ant lḥenni-nni x tinni yeḥá¸arent minzi ttÉ£ilen ila lḥenni-nni ittawi-dd sseÉd maḥend ad É£er-sent yili la nitenti ijjen wergaz.
Di taddart n Mulay ass-a qqaren-as lḥenni ameáºáºyan, mani tiḥenjirin ssujadent macca, ferrá¸ent taddart, tseyyaqent, ttgeffaá¸ent ixxamen. Aked manaya, qqarent izlan, ceá¹á¹á¸¥ent, xmi itteÉqaben zi ddfuÉ-nni zi taddart n teslit, mulay ittegg ijjen umensi, ttasen-dd inni tâyudsen waha.
Ass wis tnayen : Leɣramet d Rraziq
Di tuffut-a tanita umi ttlaÉ£an lḥenni ameqqran, É£errsen ca n uḥuli s ufus n ca n ijjen zeg yemÉ£aren n ddcar. Taddart ittili dag-s ddriz, lharaj, timÉ£arin ssewjadent amekli d umensi d nitenti ttÉ£ennjent izlan. Ku icten zzag-sent ixess-as ad temmel anict i tessen n yezlan. Kul icten Éawed teccat-d lemÉani x mulay niÉ£ x tselit.
Di llilet-nni s ixef-nnes, tticen amensi i inewjiwen, zegga i d-usin É£er lḥenni ameáºáºyan. Ttadfen yirgazen zeg ijjen tewwurt iá¹á¹urfiyen, uca ismuna-ten wawal, aharred d umharwaḠx min ten-yecqan. Ula ká¹er x tfellaḥt d ssabet, tili ttasen-dd lefquyat qqaren lquran zi twalat É£er tenniá¸en.
TimÉ£arin Éawed nitenti ttnejmaÉent di ca n uxxam. Zegga É£a ccent macca uca ad tebda lfurjet aked iÉ£ennijen n imedyazen. Ittsuren aked tlewliwin d wallun ittzebziben d temja i di ttsuá¸en. Ijjen zeg imedyazen-nni ttraḥ yirrew-dd leÉ£ramet. Kul ijjen mala iwca ca n ttmenyat, ittas-dd uberraḥ iqqar isem-nnes ḥuma ad iÉaren inniá¸en ad wcen la d niteni lḥeqq-nnsen zi leÉ£ramet.
Zegga yemsar aá¹á¹as n ibeddilen deg wagdud Arifi, wer qqimen lwacunat ttawyent-idd tiseá¸miwin n leÉ£nuj, Tayemmat d nettat i dasen-yeá¹á¹fen amkan, tedwel tjemmeÉ leÉ£ramet s ufus-nnes, niÉ£ ca n ijjen i das-itteÉnan i mulay. « Abarreḥ » ila dag-s aá¹á¹as n lfurjet, luxa wer zzag-s iqqim walu qaÉ, ula ká¹er xminni itteydar ubarraḥ yisem n buleÉ£ramet-nni i tt-yewcin.
Mulay ad yireḠijj n ujellab d acemlal aked ijj n uselham ad as-tessers weltma-s lḥenni x ufus-nnes ad yeqqim ad as-d-unuá¸ent tnayen n tḥenjirin kul icten zzag-sen tkessi ijj n tcummÉet, zi tmeslayin i das-ixess ad igg ad iwwet lḥid s ufus-nnes i yeccuren s lḥenni, ta d ijjen Éada d taqdimt s waá¹á¹as.
Rraziq, Éada d TmaziÉ£t yemsar-as useslem
Zegga É£er rewḥen inewjiwen É£er tudrin-nnsen, ad dd-asen ca n imeddukal n mulay ad as-ssyireá¸en ijj n ujellab d ijj n lbelÉ£a d tacemlalt, ad x-as ggen lqebb ḥuma ataf wudem-nnes wer d-ittbin, xenni iwziren i kid-s illan ad t-id-awyen É£er lwesá¹. Tnayen n tseá¸miwin n iḥudriyen i É£a yilin, icten ad tbedd á¹á¹erf i mulay d icten nniá¸en a x-as tagg°ej cwayt, dinni Éawed ijjen tnayen n tḥenjirin ad ksint ibunda d icemlalen d ca n tqedwah dag-sen mazher ttruccant x inni iḥá¸aren.
Tnayen-nni n tseá¸miwin ad bdant ad ad raḥent ad d-asent zi tewwurt n wexxam n mulay d nitni qqaren subḥayni lxaliq. Taseá¸ma tis snat ttÉawed i min tenna tis tnayen ar É£a awá¸en É£er wazzareg/lemraḥ mani llan merra inewjiwen. Ad ssÉ£imen iwziren mulay sselá¹an x ijj n tnebdant aked tlewliwin n temÉ£arin. Da yina d izlan illan di Subḥayni Lxaliq :
Subḥayna lxaliq subḥayna rraziq
Subḥayna lbaqi baÉda lxalaâiq
Rḥemna ya allah wa rḥem waldina
Huma rebbawna w rá¸aw Éalina
Rḥemna ya allah w rḥem jdudi
Jududi yufna taḥta lluḥudi
Rḥemna ya allah w rḥem cababi
Cababi yeḥya fawqa tturabi
Kalamu allah ḥaqqan naqulu
Wa ma Muḥemmad ila rasulu
Kalamu allah ḥaqqan Éalayna
Wa ma Muḥemmad illa nabina
Kalam allah ḥaqqan muḥeqqaq
Wa ma Muḥemmad illa Museddaq
Manaya ittili sebÉa n twalatin, nessen belli nnumru n sebÉa lebda ittemÉawad di tussna n TmaziÉ£t d tussniwin nniá¸en, zi senni ttasen-d imeddukal d inewjiwen ijjen ijjen ad sellmen x mulay uca ad t-jerren iwziren É£er wexxam-nnes.
Di taddart n teslit, ad tili lfurjet n yizlan, mani tamÉ£art tyirreḠarruḠasebḥan i É£er-s, lizar acemlal d uḥezzam, telsa nnuqret, uca ijjen temÉ£art zi tenni i yeḥá¸aren tjemmeÉ leÉ£ramet, ttkemmalent ayenni s umensi.
Ass wis tlata : Lqubbet d arewwaḥ
Deg wass-a wanita, tiweltmatin d teÉzriyin i yudsen i teslit. Tterrant-as taynit di min iqqnen É£er warruá¸-nnes, aáºáºli-nnes, syirrá¸ent-as ijj lizar d acemlal, tyirreḠakid-s nnuqret (ixelxalen, timrisin, tiseÉ£nasâ¦). Aked manaya, qqarent tiḥramin d temÉ£arin izlan n lalla buya, ccatent-idd lemÉani x beá¹á¹u n teslit x yemma-s, x wergaz..
Xenni, teffeÉ£ teslit xminni É£a tegg ijjen lqubbet ad ad idel udem-nnes. Zi tnamitin i yellan: Ad tt-ijerr baba-s É£er berra i taddart mani tt-ittraja mulay.Ad tt-iÉawen baba-s ad tniy x uyis. Din ca n tnamitin: Xminni É£a teffeÉ£ teslit zi taddart, ixess la d ijj n lḥajet ma terreáº, ixess kulci ad iqqim deg wemkan-nnes amek yella. Æawed, ixess ad teqqim tettjerra ijj n tsilit-nnes.
Xminni i tt É£a iÉawen baba-s ad tniy x uyis. Ad temmutti É£er taddart n mulay, akid-s lwacun-nnes d nitni ccaten deg wallun qqaren izlan. Ca zi tqebbal n Arrif, ixess xminni i ddâÉ£aâdewlen inni n teslit wer ttekken ca abrid i di raḥen. Manaya maḥend zeÉma ad ssig°jen tiá¹á¹awin n yiwdan d lfall aÉeffan. (Lux wer qqimen yeysan, dewlent á¹á¹umubinat deg wemkan-nsen).
Xmi É£a taweḠad dinni taf taslit tamÉ£art-nnes. Ixess ad tessuref s uá¸ar-nnes afusi xminni É£a tadef zi tewwurt, tticen-as ijjen uḥebbi dag-s aÉ£áºaẠd tmiáºiá¸in, tneá¹á¹er-it nettat x yenni iḥá¸aren (manaya ca zzag-sen tteggen-t deg wass wis sebÉa). Qqaren qa wenni iḥerá¸en x waá¹á¹as zeg weÉ£áºaáº-nni ad as-nnuráºment tiwwura n lemlaj d rrzeq deÉ£ya. Xenni, ad traḥ É£er wexxam n wergaz-nnes, deg ijjen wemkan ila ssewjden-as-t qbel, ad É£er-s iraḥ din wergaz-nnes ad as-issudem azellif, merra manaya yettili deg ijjen uklima n lefraḥet d yezlan d tlewliwin.
Di wis sbeÉ yyam, ttasen-d baba-s d yemma-s n teslit, tticen-as ca n iwarditen, merra manaya ittili deg ijjen lḥal n lefraḥet d tcuni.
xmi tteqfil nayen n simanat, trezzef É£er taddart n lwalidinânnes, i twalat tamezwarut, d tanewjiwt.
Assa nessiw x ca n leÉwayed i yeqqnen É£er Urar di Arrif. D tidet leÉwayed ttbeddalent zi teqbilt É£er nneÉ£ni , ca n twalatin zi ddcar É£er wenneÉ£ni. Izemmer tili nettu ca n tmeslayin, wer tent-id-nenni, maca negga tizemmar maḥend ad nessreÉ£ tifawin x tmeslayin timeqqranin waha. Zemmren imerzzuten ad fesslen s tira, ká¹er uká¹er di leÉwayed-a n tmeÉ£ra di Arrif. Ula d leÉwayed nneÉ£ni yegguren ad weá¸á¸ren mala wer nekker ad tent-nzemmem.


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Lahcen Zaheur
Ikcm uslamad Mupmmad Akunaä s usays n ungal s ungal dars izwarn “ Tawargit d imikk” (2002 ), lli igan yan zg ungaln irçmn abrid n wallas ungalan v tskla tamazivt tatrart.
Smmus isgåasn, issäfr as d yan ungal yaän « Ijjign n tidi »( 2007), lli çëëav is sis ikcm uslmad nv amaäal n usnflul v wanaw ad n tskla.
Ig ungal ad yan ubuvlu v ungal amaziv, ad ig v uswir n twila (forme) nvd v uswir n tamayt (le contenu).
v ungal nns amzwaru “ Twargit d imikk”, iäfr gis Ukunaä tavarast taqburt n ungal , ar gis zzigiznt timsar v yan uärf yuvvän, ar his aqqwlaynt tmsar imikk s imikk ar kiv gis lkmnt afa n tassast, ar d ilmma ttaæint s ufsay.
v ungal ad nns amaynu “ Ijjign n tidi”, inapya d walli izwarn v tvarast s ittuska; iäfr gis Ukunaä yat tvarast zv tvarasin s itussan ungal amaynu (le nouveau roman) dar imnugal imaäalnn lli ttaranin ungal amaynu, zun d “Alain Robb-Grillit” d “Nathali Sarraut” d “Klaud Simon”.. v Fransa, d “Samuel Pickett” d “James Joyc” v Irland, d wiyaä …
v ungal “ Ijjign n tidi”, ar nn iïïaç Ukunaä s wanaw ad n ungal amynu, ig ungal ad nns yat tirmit tamaynut v tskla tamazivt.
v ungal ad, ur ar nn nttafi timsar ar zzigiznt zun d mklli s ar zzigiznt v ungal aqbur; zv umzwaru ar amggaru ar ttamçnt timsar v ungal aqbur yan uärf ivrrdn, ar aqqwlaynt ar afa n tassast, aænt d v tgira nnsnt , ismd ilmma ungal.
Timsar v “ Ijjign n tidi” lluzzant zund iv lluzzan middn v udvar, v sin izmaz imnapyan, macc ismun tn yan udvar. Ar issyafa imvri lli ur imyarn anaw ad v ungal amaynu is ijla gr iwlafn, gr tmsar, gr tudrt n iwrikn, gr asmid d war usmid, macc yan udvar av ukan illa mqqar ittummskal uzmz.
v “ Ijjign n tidi”, timsar lluzzant v uzmz, macc yan ad yumçn ifalan nnsnt ar av ismarray v umaäal n ungal ad, ad t igan d uwrik “ Taryalt” ( awrik asilan- Principal– v ungal), ar av ittals i tudrt nns v ugraw n usun “ Akuban” d tudrt n iwrikn dis illan v usun ad. Iv av yiwi s uzmz n mççi nns, azmz n tmmara lli iddr v akud ann, mklli gis ddrn “ayt ukuban” ula nttni, iswirri av d s uzmz v iddr vil ad. Gr uzmz usmid d uzmz n vil ad, av ar zzigznt timsar v uzmz n ungal sis içlin.
Timsar bäant f yan d mraw n imir, kra igat imir iga yan awlaf içlin s kra n uggid ( personnalité) d tudrt nns d tzdayin nns v ugraw.
D kra igat imir/awlaf ar gis iddm umalus lli igan “Taryalt” ( ig nit dav awrik asilan) s wawal n ugns nns iv ijmmo d ixf nns, fadd ad iæti kra n uggid yawi yav s umzruy ar ittals i tudrt nns, ikf av ismmaqqaln nns s tudrt d isyafatn nns. S tavarst ad tasklant a s ittuska ungal: Awrik “ Taryalt” ar ittavul s uzmz izrin, ar ittals, ar issku tudrt n kra igat uggid d kra igat awrik, tudrt kki dis iddr v ukuban, nvd talli li fllas issfld, iv ismd tudrt ad yavul d s vil ad nnns, ad dav issnti yat allas f kra n ukkid yaän..
Ammuddu ad lli illan v ungal “ Ijjign n tidi” gr azmz usmid d vil, rad t äfrnt timsar ula nttnti, v gra igat imir ra ddmnt s uzmz n vil wrrint s mad izrin.
Azluzzu n uzmz d timsar d tiwlaf v “Ijjign n tidi” ad isskcamn ungal-ad s wanaw n ungal amaynu (le nouveau roman).
Aswir n twila :
Ittubäa ungal n “ Ijjign n tidi” f yan d mraw n imir :
- Talilt n muva.
- Amalu n immi n mrru.
- Tawayya n izikitn.
- Amarg inqqan.
- Idrimn ssallanin.
- Is ila ignna tiflwin.
- Lalla bus.
- Tagat n ayt ukuban.
- Bihi n tdwwart
- Tafruyt n trumit.
- Tillqs d umarg
Imirn n ungal-ad mqqar ar ttnfalaln( ttbayann) mnapyan macc illa yan ifili sdidn tn izdin, igat tudrt n uwrik “Taryalt”, lli igan acamuc n timsar n ungal.
Ar ittals “Taryalt” i tudrt nns v “Akuban” lli igan yan ugraw v ugama n tmazirt nv, v kra n izmaz n tassast v umzruy nv, izmaz ittawssann s usgåas n waynri d isgåasn n laç d uvni lli yutn agama amvribi .
Izäar ungal “ ijddign n tidi” ad v nn isskcm s tudrt n ugraw n “ Akuban”, ad nddr tizdayin xwcnnin d tzdayin fulkinin izdin anawn n middn gis iddrn, d ad nddr tiwuriwin nnsn d iswingimn nnsn d tamavt d inttayn gr atsn; yan ugraw anafgan ku yan ar ilddi s tsga ad issnjm ixf nns zv laç d tamttant. Kra n iwlafn sggannin n tudrt mklli tga, macc ar tn dav rççan iwlafn inafgann fulkinin n tikki d turrgza d tiwizi..
Timsar :
Ar isawal ungal “Ijjign n tidi” f tudrt n “ Taryalt” v ugraw “ Akuban” g sin izmaz : g mççi nns d vil akud lliv ad ittals.
G uzmz usmid, ar av ittawi “ Tryalt” d wallas nnns s tudrtin n wiyaä lli dids idrun tudrt v ugraw Akuban, ar issisfiw tisggiwin n iggadn f ar isawal, tisggiwin ingän g tmmara d takrfãa d laç v uzmz ann izzri.
Izmaz ad ssin aqbur d vil, tsmuntn tmmara d uviluf: v uzmz aqbur tammara d laç d tmuäan lli yutn agraw n “ukuban” ifl d imzlaä nns – v iga Taryalt lliv ar sul ikssa- utn s içuëan.
G uzmz n vil (mqqar d ikka “Taryalt” Fransa iïïf iqariän) yusi sul izmuln n uviluf d tmmara n iägam, tammara da issum “Taryalt” g mççi nns dar zv ait ukuban, ar ilmma ittlli vil-ad ad ittva ( venger) g ayt ukunan.
Tawada yad n uzmz v ungal, ikfa i uwrik asulan yat tdrfit ad ittlli gr iggidn d inmvurn n ugraw, ad gisn içli willi iïïafn atig s udriz da fln g ugraw nvd v uwrik, mka nn as d yucka ungal ibäa f yan d mraw(11) n imir, kra igat imir s mas içli v yat tsga zv tsggiwin n ugraw n Ukuban.
- Imir izwarn : talalit n muva. ( awal n uånns)
Imir ad izwarn lli s iddm ungul, içli s uwrik “ Taryalt” ar av gis isawal f ixf nns, rad gis nnssn is d ikka Fransa, ig vila zg inmvurn n tmazirt n “Akuban” s uqariä lli d yiwi, imikk siv mmattint tmsar s umzruy, ar iznnzmal “ Taryalt” gr tudrt vil-ad d tudrt nns lliv tt nn ikka iga amksa g mççi nns urta t yiwi muva s Fransa.
Rad nnssn is adlli iddr v tmmara d urfufu g Ukuban lliv tt inn ikka iga amksa, mlad ur d Muva da t id illiln ra d ukan sul iddr v tmmara n tkctataft n tayssa.
Mqqar txwcn tvarast llis s ar istti Muva middn, tavarast irwasn talli s ar sttin ismgan ad tn svin, macc issyafa “Taryalt” is t tga Fransa d urgaz. Azmz ikkan f imir-ad igat azmz n vil waxxa ittwiri uwrik s umzruy s tvarast n ikttayn ( flash back).
- Imir wi sin : Amlu n immi Mrru.( Aflas amadan)
Iäfr sul uwrik “ Taryalt” ar sul isawal f ixf nns, ar nn ittddr ilmma v iswigimn nns, rad nnssn awrik ad g snat tsggiwin :
Tasga nns tamzwarut xttalli immal i middn, ittussan sis, iga tt “ Taryalt” s tuggtt n tassast gis illan, macc ttassast ad tiwi as tt id v yat tsga tudrt n uççlä lli adlli iddr g mççi nns, v yat tsga yaän ira ad dis ur issfl awd yan zg ait ukuban lli adlli fllas izzrin tammara.
Tasga nns tis snat tngä v uviluf idran, yiwi t id zg mççi nns, zg tammara d lkcift lli fllas izrin.
Lliv av isnumml Taryalt tasga ad n tudrt nnns, iswirri av ilmma s umzruy g adlli iga amksa, iæt id kra n ilvuvn d iggidn n tmazirt v iga umvnas “Amanuz” d unmvur lli ittussann s tikki v ukuban “ Bihi n Uswwan”, fadd ilmma ad isawl f tårramt “ Immi Mrru” lli f ibidd ugraw n Ukuban. Isawl f manik as ar sårramn middn n Ait ukuban taårramt ad lli s flsn, d ur ad iskr yan kra ar kiv d ikka asmäl n tårramt-ad, mklli tskar immas n Taryalt d tmddakælt nns “Lalla Bur”; taårramt lli f ad ttagåa tafukt tssudm tasga n usmäl f d tzwar, mka nn dav iv ad trup, mklli s flsn ait ukban.
Awd lliv immut babas n “Taryalt” ifl t id imççi nit sul, ur tssugr immas n wazzan abla ad tini:« rbbi d immi Mrru ad issfawn, afgan ur igi vas adrval ».
G tsga yad n uskd dar ait ukuban, ra d zzigiznt tmsar ad sawlnt f kra n wanawn n iggidn v ukuban lli yusin timitar n wattagn n ugraw (uddur s umdya) , zun d babas d Wasil d oddi n Tmujart, mac rad dav yili mar ( contre) nnsn lli yusin gar intagn zun d “ Ait Ubnkal” lli mu iggut wayda nnsn, macc ur gin yat dar middn slawan akæ lliv asn trwl illi tsn, tfal asn d azwar d gar.
- Imir wis këaä : Tawayya n izikitn ( tissumga ):
Imir ad içli t umalus “Taryalt” lli igan acamic n ungal i “Lalla Ibba” tawayya n izikitn lli igan udm n middn illan v tsila n ugraw, udm n tssumga.
Tawayya n izikitn “Lalla Ibba” tddr yat tksna(trajidi) v ugraw, g yat tsga ur tgi yat dar middn, g yat tsga yaän lliv as kkisn imalan nns ( willi mu tga rawayya nnsn) argaz nns, zznzin t nn v yat tmazirt yaggugn. Tmmav sul “Lalla Ibba” g tgira n tudrt nns aylliv tssdrf ixf nns, immav bab nns d waggag n tmzgida ad tt id iswirri dav s tssumga macc trufç asn, tmmt sul v tgira as lliv immut anmvuë n ukuban “Bihi n Uswwan”.
Idru “Taryalt” twayya-ad v tgira nnns yan wakud ittupban v tudrt nns, iddukæl dis, ar d dars ittkkai izzri dis yat tizit n ugwjjaj mqqar fllas tmqqur, ar gis issyafa tadrawt n tlkkawt ( assimçi) n Ayt Ukuban.
- Imir wis kkuç : Amarg inqqan ( taksna n tayri).
G imir ad, tawlaft n ukttay tiwi “ taryalt” ad d iæti kra v imksawn igan ammddkæl nns zun d “Apdadday” bu tlowwadt lli izäarn ad issrva kra igat apwac v illa; ur issin yan açur nns , yiwit id baba nns “ Biygrwan” imççi sul ar as ikssa, yimvur gr Ait ukuban.
Ig anaçur mqqurn dar middn, rad t tiri “ Tansafalin” yat tjddigt ifulkin n Ait ukuban yiri tt macc tla argaz, rad sul tffav tayri nnsn v yan upwac, tkk asun.Ur ad ikk lpal yat siv lap “ Apdadday” afin nn talowwadt nns dis ur ittngaran g tayssa, ur dav ikki lpal yat afin nn “ Tansafalin “ tmmut g yat tnuäfi, is tt inva urgaz nns ? awd yan ur issin .
Ttun middn “Apdadday”, ttun tansafalin.
- Imir wis smmus: Is illa ignna tiflwin ( askd d tmzgida)
Iddm uwrik dav ar isawal d ixf nns ar t iççaä uviluf, ar immal g wawal ad n uåns taguäi lli yusi f Ait ukuban s tmmara lli fllas zzrin v mççi nns.
Tikklt- ad ur iwrri s mççi nns, ar ittals i mad as issutln v uggidn lli dis yumçn tavnnant d mgal , yan gisn aggag n tmzgida “Uddir Absku” lli igan yan zv waggagn iqburn ur irwasn aggag amvnas n ungal “ tawwargit d imikk”.
Lliv t isqqsa “ Taryalt “ yat tkklt lliv ad yakka lpadit f wayyur is nn illa v wis kkuç ignwan, d mav ufan irumin ad t lkmn , isqsa t Taryalt lli d ikkan Fransa : “manik za as at nçrra iv nn illa v wis kkiç ignwan?”.
Iggalli waggag tamrarut n usqqsi ad, ur as issugr amr ad gis isaäãa imssflidn nns lliv as d issæti is sul iga amksa, acku imksawn ur ssinn amr ad kssan ulli.
Ilin wiyaä yaän g Ukuban lli nn igan tavnnant d “Taryalt”, v iga “Apaytur” bu tsnas lli d ikkan nttan d “Bihuliyn” lhijj fad ad t afn, macc “Taryalt” ur asn ifl tufut ad, ikk d vd nttat lpijj ad t ur afn.
- Imir wis säi : Idrimn ssallanin ( v Fransa )
“ Iv ad ttuv kra v tudrt inw, ur ad sar ttuv ass ann lliv pra umçv tivraä inw timzwura g Fransa” (2) may ad as issnti “Taryalt” imir ad .
v imir ad, ar isawal f tudrt nns v Fransa, ar ismzazal gr Fransa tamazirt n ufulki d tmazirt nns “Akuban” advar n zzlä d tmmara d uzäm. Fransa tamazirt n tdrfit d izrfan n ufgan, tswirri t id iga argaz nttan d mad sis akæ iddan mqqar gis iddr g tkrfaãa d tmmara n twuri g ifran n toddanin, macc v Fransa iïïaf umazzal atig mklli inna “Taryalt”.
v tmazirt nns “Akuban” iv ufan ad mzin amazzal ccin tivraä nns ur illi mad asn ittinin yat.
G Fransa radd iæti yan uggid “ Abndawc” lli dis ittbddadn ar as immal mad iskar aylliv ixalä.
- Imir wis sa : lalla Bus ( andudi n uflas)
Lalla Bus tamddakælt n immas lli immutn, yat twssart igan amdya n tmvart lli iflsn s tgurrma, rad gis yafi “Taryalt” agiwal lli t isdln v wakud lliv tllas tudrt v walln nns, akud lliv ukrn asmäl n tårramt “Immi Mrru” asin d gis tabuqqalt n wurv , tnfalal d (tbayn d) ilmma “Immi Mrru” lli s ad ttflasn Ayt ukuban is ur tgi amr tabuqqalt.
Tndudi taflast n “Taryalt” , aylli s ifls v tudrt nns yiwi t waäu, tkcm t id ilmma turda f uskd, imlalli, indudi ugns nns. iwats aggag n tmzgida “Bihi n ucamuc” saw is rad nn dars yaf ma as d iswirrin aflas nns, macc ur nn dars yufi tamrurt i mad isarn, ur as d ivama amr tamddakælt n tgllint n immas “Lalla Bus”.
“Lalla Bus” nttat tikkuräa n usmäl n “Immi Mrru” tga dars tamatart n tikki nns :” Ad k ur issipl ma yan a iwi, illa ma mi tfka Immi Mrru abuqqal n wurv nv win uçrf, illa ma s tga tatbirt tumlilt..illa ma mu tkfa asafar ..” (3).
Anna rad isar isar, Immi Mrru v dar “lalla Bus” d mas tt irwasn tga “Immi Mrru” igan taårramt, tg anäaf n usun, ma y ad akæ isarn ur ad issrwi aflas nns.
Yaf ilmma “Tryalt” asafar d ussunfu n ugns nns dar “Lalla Bus”, yavul as d uflas nns.
- Imir wis ttam : Tagat n Ait ukuban ( amvnas d isgåasn n uqryan)
Imir ad içli t “Taryalt” i “Umanuz”, yan umvnas v Ait ukuban lli issisfiwn i middn- slawan akæ imksawn- tidt v ddrn, ar tn issfrak, ar asn immal izakakn ( isragn) n tammara d tkctataft v llan isd kkant Lmxzn lli tn ittun zun d iv ur gin v tmazirt ad.
Ma y ad ur fllas ifss lmxzn, rad ittyamaç “Umanuz”, ttyimiçn imksawn, ar ttn srfufun s ukuray d ttrisinti, isæëaä nnsn gantn afrak-ad lli tn id ikccmn, lliv sul ur ssugr ayt Lmxzn i “Umanuz” yat gin as aåri, nvin t, acku ur zäaën ad t sfissn amr s imnvi.
Ig umvnas ad yat tifawt iklulan v ugraw Akuban, mac dvya ssnsan tt.
- Imir wis ttça : Bihi n Tdwwart
Yumç imir ad simraw d ttça (29) n tsna, imir akæ mqqurn v ungal, ar isawal f yat uggid “ Bihi n Tdwwart” lli d dar adlli ikssa “Taryalt”, izzri fllas tammara d laç v mççi nns.
Isnuml ( décrir) uggid ad v mnnawt tsggiwin, ar av yakka uggid ad v yan udm iqjrn igan win afgan aqrzaz, ipmln ad izzray tammara f middn , vi d ar isnuml Taryalt tammara d lkcift lli fllas izzri “ Bihi n Tdwwart” lliv ar s ikssa.
Macc iïïaf uggid ad yan udm yaän lli ipban ur at immal i yan, izäar Taryalt ad av t iml lliv d dars ikka yat tkklt lliv d issunfa zv Fransa, v udm ad yujja Taryalt “Bihi n Tdwwart” ad isawal f ixf nns.
v udman –ad ipäan, ar nçrra yat uggid yaänin s ismaqqaln nns sis içlin:
– Asmaqql nns s tillit : Asunäu nns v tudrt d uskd, ilkm gis aswir lliv izäar ad issti tavarast lli s ad immt, tavarst ur irwasn tin middn.
– Asmmaqql nns s ufgan : bu tdusi amu tga tudrt ur d bu tlkakt ( faiblesse), “ mad ur izäarn i tudrt ur as igi abla ad t tmzit” (4) .
– Asmaqql nns s tuzzuft ( sexe) : Atig n urgaz, dar tmvart, ur igi s uqariä nns wapdut, ar t ittgga argaz s tdusi nns v tzzuft.
– Asmuqql nns s tmvart : Mqqar ar ismuqqul s tmvart s yat tsga n tzzuft, macc tïïaf dar atig ur ad nn sis ig afus acku tamatart n tlkakt ad dars iga ma yann.
v tgira rad sul ilip “ Bihi n tdwwart” tssn ilmma tmvart nns is idda ad immt s tvarast ira.
- Imir wis mraw : Tafrirt tarumit ( gr tvrma tafransist d tin tamazirt)
G imir ad, ar isawal f usvun ( ddin) d tzdayt gr as d tmvart, v imir ad izdi d snat tmvarin :
– G tmazirt isawl f tmvart nns, ur tt bahhra ibdir, ur tn izdi abla tanfult n iwl, tsaggl as tt inn adlli immas urta iddi s Fransa, ur ar sis issyafa, ula isru dis kra n ufray, rad sul tmmt lliv nn illa v Fransa, issyafa ilmma s tåëça is tt içäm lliv tt yiwi, macc may ad ikcm dars v umzruy, ur jjun tt ibdr s wassav nns, ur nnssin mad as ism, zun d iv ira ad tt issfaä zv tmuktayt nns.
– G Fransa issn gis yat trumit “Jaklin” yiri tt, tiri t, iddr dis yan uzmz aylliv ira as tt ittahl, macc inaapyatn d tmmzrayin illan gr atsn v tawssna d tvrma ur as iwsnt v iwl ad, bäun, yamç ku yan gisn avaras n tudrt ira.
- Imir wis yan d mraw : Tillqs d umarg( awccn ar d ikccm tamazirt)
G imir ad, ar isawl vf waggag “ Bihi n Ucamu” d usmmaqql nns amaynu s umarg, yiwi d is iga umarg tavarast n ibalisn, macc “Taryalt” issn is d amaynu ad lli d yiwi waggag is ur igi win nns, acku isgåasn ad disn iddr waggag ad, ar izëëa atig n umarg dar middn, ur jjun inna awal ad.
Amarg dar Ait ukuban iga zv tmagit nnsn, zv tawssna nnsn, imun disn v tmvriwin nnsn d twuriwin nnsn.. ig yan ugzzum zv tudrt nnsn aylliv d yucka v tgira waggag yiri ad t igdl.
(Rad tt id iäfë ugzzum wis sin)
Iwrman:
- “ Ijjign n tidi”, M. Akunad. tansramt Al aqlam, Agadir, 2007.
- “ Ijjign n tidi”, tasna 79.
- “ Ijjign n tidi”, tasna 93.
- “ Ijjign n tidi” , tasna 126.


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Axxam
Axxam d lebni i yesɛan leḥyuḍ d ssqef, ideg zedɣen imdanen akken ad ḥerzen iman-nsen seg ugeffur d waḍu d usemmiḍ d lewḥuc..atg. S wawalen wiyaḍ: akken ad ttidiren di lehna. Imdanen-nni s umata d twacult d dderya. aṭas n yimdanen ttruḥen seg wexxam-nsen ɣer lxedma ṣṣbaḥ, ssyen a d-uɣalen tameddit akken ad ṭṭsen u ad ččen.
Di zzman amezwaru, argaz iruḥ seg wexxam ad iṣeyyed neɣ ad yexdem, ɣas ar tmeṭṭut teqqim-d deg wexxam. Meɛna tura, lḥal-agi yettbeddil deg kra n timura (turuft...atg.), u mazal-it deg timura tiyaḍ.


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Tidmi n-umdan tettawi er wayen yellan akken ad tenfel nnig-s, ad tbeded zdat n umnar n kra yesean udem-is d uffir. Ayen talalit ? Ayen tamettant ? D acu i d lbaḍna n tuddert ? Amek i d anemek n tɣawsiwin yejlan ? Acu-t wurar n wakud ? Ansi i d–yekka u sani yettawi? D acu yettawi ?
Neswa i lmend n tayri
Aman n weeḍil
Yellan uqbel tillin !
D tezdeg ur necbi aman
D tefsses ur necbi abeḥri
D tafat ur d-nekki si tmess
D allaɣ ur tekbil ṣṣura
Win yeswan seg-s yiwwas
Akud ad yeknu zdat-s !
Ur s-qqar yedder
Win ur neswi seg leinṣer
Ur as-qqar yes-sen
Win ur nefriẓ lewcayer !
({{Eumer ibn lferdix}})
Yemderkel wallaɣ ɣef ubalaḍ n war tiririt. Tuttriwin ddan-t deg wabu n temseeraq, ulin-t ɣer tignewt n war-timlilit. Yenguga i llsas ṣwab-is. Leḥsab iḍul, ussan zerben, temẓi tetteftutus. Yuɣal-d usteqsi akken ad icebbel lehwari n tesbek : Ayen addud zdat lebni yesgrareb lawan ? Acu n rriḥa i d-yekkan seg yiḍelli ? Acu n yizen yebɣa ad yessiweḍ Yer umnar n uzekka? Amek i d udem n wayen yezrin ? Amek i d ṣifa n kra
i d-iteddun ? IYuraf n lḥir grawlen, zḍat leeqel d lmeequl :
Seg yiwen inser-d waṭas
Aṭas yezzi Yer yiwen
Yiwen d acu yettallas
Aṭas iwumi sawalen
Yedder yiwen seg waṭas
D nitni i s-igan ismawen
YuYal mi t-uffan d aṭas
La s-regglen yiwen yiwen
Tirni tcba lxali. lxali yeččur d ilem. Ilem yurew-d kra yellan. Ayen yellan yettuYal d ilem. Tettemkuffut , lemwaji n wakud ḥecren! Kra yerdem kra yufrar. Amdan teṭṭef-it tesraft n lwehmat. Yetlejlij di tlaba n tagut, ur as-iban wamek. Ifergan zdat n tmuYli gten. Izuraz n ṭlam zḍan agertil n yiḍ ur nettfaka. Tagrareb teYzint Yer wanu ur nesei lqae !
Ul yellan d amuḍin yugi ad yethedden. Ayen i t-iceYben yekka-d nnig tmusni. Tamusni tekka-d ddaw tatut. Tatut teẓḍa iẓuran akkin akka, tesgursel tabḥat n unadi. Iḍul ubrid, leeqel yeǧǧa timugent d tiselbi:
I wumi abeḥri n tefsut
I wumi cbaḥa n yigran
I wumi zzin n tsekkurt
I wumi deg yill iselman
D acu i d azal n lyaqut
Dacu i d azal n lmerǧan
Mebla amdan di tmeddurt, i wumi kra yellan ?
AYebbar n lawan yettawi-d yid-s astulles. Tugdi tettrebbi ccan i westehzi. Yeqqim-d umeǧǧed d usḥissef ɣef lawan ideg yella umdan ddaw leenaya n war tillin. Yettmeǧǧid lxaṭter ɣef wasmi yeedel yiḍ akked wass, ɣefw asmi aseggas yefka anzi i useggas. Anda-t wakud deg ulac anuɣni ? Anda-tt tesga ur tekcim takka uYilif ? Anda-t umdiq deg ulac aseḥbiber ɣef uzekka neɣ ndama ɣef yiḍelli ?
Ili-k d uḥdiq ḥeker s tmuYli-iw
Ẓer ayen yellan
Deg wayen yefren !
Di lemri yella yiwen lewhi
D lewhi icerwen lewhem
Muqel deg iYeẓran d isaffen
Nadi di lebḥur deg yigarawen
Tiqqit tecba tiqqit
kra yellan d yiwen
Lkas yekcem deg waman,
Aman deg-s i d-lulen
Am win yewwin
Am win yettawin
Kra yellan
Yettaggem seg yiwen uewin
({{Ǧalal el ddin el rumi}})
Da tṣub da tuli. Win yekkan i sebea qamet di lebrur, yeẓra anida tebda anida tergel. Ulac abrid ur nenniḍ, ulac igenni ieedlen. Urar n tayri akked lkerh mzuYaren, wwin ulawen deg zabuq deg ur d-tekki tafat. Inzizen n tudert rgagin s nnhati i d-yeggar wamdan. Nnhati smendagent irrij n lemḥnat. Γef unyir yura wurrif. Deg ul tuɣ tirgit n tegrawla. Maca d acu ara d-yefdun rruḥ yellan di tesraft n ṣṣura ur nezmir i kra ?
Yiwen ur yezmir ad yessefru
Amek i d udem n uzekka
Kkes Yef ul-ik reffu,
Ssew di tbuqalt-a
Zdew Yef tiziri i d-yeḍwin tama
Fares-itt meskud-itt tella
Ma tefka-d lkif ass-a
Wis ma d ak-id t-ṣaḥ azekka !
({{Eumer Xayyam}})
{{Sɣur Ḥamid At Sliman}}


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Ad urareb deg unarir Japoma deg Dwala ɣef usrag wis 17:00, yerna ad awin atiki-nsen n uzgar ɣer 1/8 n teggarant n teẓrigt tis 33 n Taqbuct Tafriqit n yiɣlanen n useggas n 2021 i wexxren s aseggas n 2022 deg Kamirun i la d-iḍerrun seg wass n 9 yennayer ar 6 furar.
« Nesɛa tafrit dakken la ttraǧun akk ad tili tigawt igerzen seg yidis-nneɣ. D nekni i wumi yessefk ad neɣrem ayen i d-aɣ-iruḥen, yerna ad nefk ttbut n tɣariwin-nneɣ deg unarir. Ur nebɛid ara ɣef yiswi-nneɣ, yessefk kan fell-aneɣ ur nzeggel aɣḍam n yiswan.
Aql-aɣ negguccel yerna nebɣa ad nerbeḥ. Sɛiɣ aflas deg yimariren-is. Akken yebɣu yili win ara nqabel, ayen yellan d axatar ugar d rrbeḥ », i d-yenna Belmadi, deg yiwen n usarag n tɣamsa i d-yettilin qbel ad yebdu wurar, i d-yeḍran deg unarir n Japoma.


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Deg tinawt-nnes deg tɣimit tačuṛant ay d-yellan i usemned n usenfar n usaḍuf ara isemden asaḍuf 01-11 yerzan asislem d teksamant, yenna-d Mass Boughali dakken « yessefk ad derwen akk yidisan ak terza temsalt deg teɣri n uselway n tegduda yernu aya d aɣan aɣelnaw, ladɣa imi tamurt tesmutug iman-nnes akken ad tesfugel amulli wis 60 n usuɣal n tlelli d tnaya-nneɣ », am wakken ay d-yerna dakken « Zzayer d ayla n wakk arraw-nnes yernu yessefk, ass-a, ad derwen deg ukala n wallus n tmeṣkiwt-nnes akked usegrew n wakk arraw n tmurt deg tiddit-a taɣelnawt tahaggaṛt, akken ay yeddukkel uɣref zik i uslelli n tmurt ».
Yenna-d uselway n texxamt taneddit n umni dakken « Zzayer yesselwi-tt, ass-a, uselway Abdelmadjid Tebboune ay d-yebdan takkayt d tamaynut deg umezruy n tmurt, d tin n usudus n temyamaẓt taɣelnawt d terni tagensit, yernu d tin aydeg yessefk ad d-yili usgiri n tmeṣkiwt n tsuda-nnes timenḍawanin s yisaḍufen ifrawanen, timeɣsiwt n uɣref d ufran ilelli. S waya, aselway Tebboune ad yili yeṭṭef deg wawal-nnes ay yefka i uɣref azzayri ».
Yerna-d daɣ dakken « ass-a, nebda-d takkayt aydeg ara neddu deg ubrid n wazalen-nneɣ inɣermayen, wid ay d-yettwagmen seg tumast n Tegrawla Tamangant s timmad-nnes akked Tesguri n Umenzu n Wamber ».


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Kuruw
Kuruw nɣd Kuruf iga yan u dwar ɣ iffus n Polanda, tlla ɣ iggi n wasif n Korovka, imzdagh-ns lkmn ɣ usğas 2005 ma y zrin 2811 nu afgan. yums uduwarad izrfan nes bac ay g tamdint ulla ighrm unsib gr isggasn n 1442 d 1431.
Tadamza N Krow[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tamdinta tga yan ubaraz ntsbbabt ntIɣawsiwin ntirmt Li ituyskarn ɣi igmmadn li yas iqqrbn. ilin gis ulla lusinat li iskarn ilmawn.
Imik n umzruy[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
ɣ tusut n isggasn n sdiz idamraw tmun gis yat tamsmunt takalifiniy tamashiyt ɣan ad yi win ay lliɣ gis zdɣn willi mu zwarnin "aytmatn ni polandiyn".
Z ɣu usggas 1660 ar n tini iymzdaɣn n tamdintad aryaniyn lid yuckan ɣ aryus yan talb amasiḥi. talbat ikkatin ɣ misra ɣ tamdint n iskandariya.
ɣu isggas n 1670 tu tamdintad tamadunt n ttaeun, tamaduntad li yas ikkisn atign tamdint turri tga aduwar. Imun ilmma umzruy nes dwin d igmmadn yadinin dis mḥadanin. ɣ usğas 1795 liɣ tbḍa Pulunya twala Namssa. Amma ɣ 1809 tmun d varsovya tg ilmma s ɣ tagldit n pulunia z usğ n 1815.
ɣ brayr 1870 tuykkasnas izrfan n tamdint turri tga aduwar. mac ɣ 1918 tkcm d pulunya.
ɣ lgirra tisnat ɣ was n 9 septumbre ḍer tamdintad tk ixrban, ur gis tfil ḥtta sbtar. asğas 1942 tskr gis almanya lḥabs (getto) mac iḥbbasn rad rwln izdern ad alkmn imḥarkan yadnin ɣi idrarn d taganin li ur yagugn.
Tamallayt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
ɣ taɣmert n tammallayt tamdintad dars timzgida ni irumiyn li mmu smaynutn tiwuriwinen ɣ usğas 1692, d yan lqbura n tawja n Zbąski.


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Man wen wer yeksin Arrif akid-s?
Arrif-nneɣ ikkarfsen mliḥ di lqern n ɛecrin. Ɛad aqqa-t ammeni. Temsar-as am ijjen tkurt wa itterra-tt ɣer wa. Irifiyen zi lebda, ttuɣa ixess-asen ad uguren. Ksin deg uḍar ɣer Lezzayer. Nessawal da x ucarreq. Ibilajen n Sidi Belɛebbas, Ɛin Tturk, Wehran… Jjin dag-sen Irifiyen lux ɛad later-nnsen. Mudrus i iɣennjen aked Ccixa Rmiti di Sidi Belɛebbas. Salem Djilali, i d-iksin tagiṭart-nnes ad iɣennej izlan n lalla buya. Buɛlam Sensal ig ittarin tira-nnes s Tefransist di Bumerdas.
Irifiyen di Ɛin Tawejṭaḍt, Zerhun… Ijjen am Lacɛari, awzir n tussna aqdim, d Utemsaman s idammen. Irifiyen i ttuɣa ixeddmen ccarbun di Beljik, Aliman. Irifiyen i ttuɣa ixsen ad raḥen ɣer Utric, uffun-d deg Utrixt. Arifi i d-ifaqqen ijjen wass d netta ittwattu di ca n ddcar deg Ayt Tuzin, Ayt Cicar, Tmasint… Uca yeksi s uḍar am Muḥemmed Cukri immuttyen ɣer Ṭanja.
Arifi-nni, ttuɣa ittrajan anẓar, maca walu… I yeccin aɛmud di temzydawin n tɣuri minzi wer yeḥfiḍ ca n tqessist d Taɛrabt tura qbel i lislam. Arifi min xef ikkerfs ca n umxazni, Arifi i d-ikkren ɣer lefjer maḥend ad d-yawi sselɛet zi Mlilet. Arifi, ig ittbeddalen iles-nnes amen ittbeddal uterras arruḍ-nnes. Arifi-nni idewlen di tesdawit d Amarksi, Axwanji d Amaziɣ…
Arifi, ass-a, ɛad iggur. Ɛad din Irifiyen ameknaw Ɛbdesslam Acehbar immuten di lebḥer, d netta ixes ad iẓwa. Arifi i yeggin ameknaw Abasku, Ayralndi, Akurdi… Deg uyezzim n yiles, Arifi-nni i ikessin akid-s tumezt n ucal. Maḥend ad igg leɛwin n tlelli di tarut-nes.
Axmi atlaɛ yura x teynert-nneɣ. Neccin i d-ilulen di Arrif-nni ittsajjan x lebḥer. Innyezmen s imseksiten aked Lmexzen. Tarwa-nnes i yekkin leḥusat, d nitni tili rezzun ad tili tudert-nnsen tecna. Arifi-nni min xef ttɣilen midden ila netta d bu wagla, maca netta yenɣa-t ẓẓleḍ.
Maca hi melmi ɣa ilin Irifiyen d Irifiyen? Ad fekkren mliḥ, uca ad ggen ca i tmurt-nnsen?!


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Nerẓa azaglu nerra wayeḍ. Neffeɣ-ed seg Lezzayer Tafṛansist, neɣli ddaw uḍar n Lezzayer Taɛṛabt tasnislemt yekkaten s wayen yak i tezmer akken ad aɣ tbeddel isem, udem d yiles.
Ayen ak ara isdermen Taqbaylit, adabu azzayri yella deffir-es. Imekken-ed wid yesseqdacen ddin di tsertit akken ad d-kecmen tamurt Taqbaylit ɣef tefdent.
Wwin-d ddin d aɛwin Rran-t d ayla-nnsen. Deg-s ayen ur ufin Ad t-id rnun sɣur-sen. Leqrun ttɛeddin Nitni deg yilemmasen.
Awanek azzayri iga-yasen ifadden s yiɣerbazen, s tilibizyuwat, s tiddukliwin tiddiyaniyin, s leǧwamaɛ yerra ger yifassen n yisalafiyen, d yedrimen s wayes ttkellixen i yelmeẓyen yeǧǧa usirem. Rnu ɣef waya , tigelldiwin n Lxalij i la d yesmarayen tadrimt mebla cceḥḥa. Awi-d kan ad seḍfen isem aqbayli/Amaziɣ.
Isenselmen, ur d snulfan kra, d abrid yenjeṛ uwanek azzayri i yuɣen. D akniwen i d-iteṭṭḍen seg yiwet n tmaẓẓagt tasnektant: Tiɛuṛṛebt d tisnuslemt. D lḥif d timmuɣbent yessefrak udabu amhersan di Tmurt Taqbaylit i sen yettaken tazmert d wallalen s wayes ara ddun deffir-sen kran n yiɣermanen iɣeddṛen s tirga ur nteffeɣ.
Sdat ubaxix agi i d yetthegin usu i nger, tewwi-d ad nesdukkel iɣallen , ad nesbed yiwet n tirni ara yesseḥbibren ɣef Teqbaylit-nneɣ.
Imeɣnasen n Teqbaylit uklalen tajmilt d leqder i lmend n umennuɣ-nnsen azedgan akken ad d-kksen tinekkit-nneɣ ger yiɣuraf n Tiɛuṛṛebt d tisnuslemt. Maca amennuɣ agi, yessefk ad yezger akkin i wennar asertan, ad yaɣ yal aḥric n tudert. S yal tardast i d-nekkes i yicinga, d tazmert i nerna i Teqbaylit Akken ad tafeg s wafriwen-is. Ihi fiḥel ma nezzi deg-wawal, ad negret meṛṛa irebbi i tdukli , yes-s kan i nezmer ad d-nawi tilelli.
Adabu azzayri aked isenselmen yiwen-nnsen, seg-sen ar ɣer-sen . Ar yiwen ukufi ixeddmen: Lezzayer Taɛṛabt Tasnislemt.
Aɣref Aqbayli yesselmed-it umezruy. D awezɣi ad iɛeddi fell-as uzaylal. Win ara t-ikellxen ur d-ilul ur d yettlal. Werǧǧin ad yefren ger nger d gma-s. D awanek aqbayli i d llsas, yes-s tamurt ad d teqqel ar tarwa-s, tafat ad-tekkes nnuba i tillas.
Buɛziz u Cebbi (Bouaziz Ait Chebib).


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IWELLIHEN N TEMLILIT
IWELLIHEN N TEMLILIT
Di taggara n yimahilen n temlilit taɣelnawt "Tamezduɣt tamensayt di Lezzayer, seg tallit taqburt ar tallit tamirant; aferdis agejdan n tneflit timezgit"; i d-yessudes Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa s umɛawen akked tesdawit n Tamenɣast ass n 10 yennayer 2022 deg uxxam n yedles " Dasin Ult Ihema" ilmend n usfuggel unṣib n Yennayer 2972; i d-yellan seg 08 ar 12 -01-2022 ddaw laɛnaya n Mass Aselway n tigduda, s lmendad n teɣlift n Yidles d Tẓuri d Mass Lwali n Ugezdu n Tamenɣast.
Imttekkiyen mtawan ɣef yiwellihen-a:
Agum amezwaru
A -Tamezduɣt tamensayt di Lezzayer( Aseḥbiber d useǧhed-ines)
1- Yewwi-d ad d-yili usban n yiferdisen i s tettwassen tmezduɣt tamensayt ilmend n usesmel-is akken ad tuɣal d tigemmi taɣelnawt.
2-Askar n tkarḍa taɣelnawt n tmezduɣt tamensayt deg Lezzayer s uskan n umedya n tmezduɣt yettwassnen di yal tamnaḍt deg Lezzayer.
3- Aheyyi n yikaramen n uṣennef d usettef n tewsatin n tmezduɣt tamensayt s uḍfar n yilugan d tesnarrayt ssersen yeɣlifen n yidles d tzuri akked win n tmezduɣt d useɣrem.
4- Asnerni n ttawilat n useḥbiber ɣef tgemmi taɣelnawt ilmend n utkeffel s yes akken ilaq, d leqdic akken ad d-yili usemsel-is ɣef uswir agraɣlan.
5- asdusi n wallalen n useḥbiber ɣef tgemmi tasegdant d useḍru n wumuɣen itiqniyen yerzan tamezduɣt tamensayt.
6- Asebɣes n unadiussnan d tullya n yiberdan n usileɣ n yiɣbula alsanen deg uḥric n uselmed unnig ( turagt, master….)deg taɣult n tsegda tamensayt (di meṛṛa tiwsatin-is) yerzan yal tamnaḍt.
7-Ajerred n tsegda taɣerfant deg wumuɣ n tgemmi taɣelnawt iwakken ad d-yili utkeffel yis akken iwata ar yimi ara d-yili uṣennef-ines.
8- Asmatu n taɣult n tiqaniyin n lebni d usmaynu n tmezduɣt tamensayt deg wammasen n usileɣ amsadur.
9- Tullya n wammassen uzzigen n usileɣ di tmusniwin d tenḍiwin timensayin.
Agumwis sin
B-Tasegda tamensayt d tneflit timezgit
1-Asefit di tgemmi tangant d tgemmi tarangant ara yilin d aferdis agejdan i tneflit timezgit;
2- Attkal ɣef useddu asrumsan deg tneflit tadigant d tririt n tgemmi tasegdant tamensayt d aferdis i ɣef ara ibedd uselḥu-ines.
3- Asbeddi n yiwen umedya imezdi yufraren gar uɣerman d yimeskaren idduklalen d tsudwin yerza useddu n tgemmi d usekcem -ines deg tsetratijit n tneflit timezgit .
4- Aseḥbiber ɣef usdakkel gar tensit tamensayt tadigant d tensit tasedgant tartar deg uɛiwed n tmuɣli i temdinin d uslali n temdinin timaynutin .
5-Aseɛlem n tsudwin tussnanin ɣef wazal n tullya n taɣult n "Tadamsa tadelsant " deg tmezdayin n tussniwin n tdamsa d tnezut d tussniwin n useddu deg tesdawiyin d isuduyen iɣelnawen.
Tamenɣast 11yennayer 2022


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Iger-d Lamamra tiɣri deg New York i uqabel n ucqirrew n talwit deg TefriqtAsimwas, 01 Meɣres 2019 15:39
NEW YORK – Iger-d tiɣri Ramtane Lamamra, agensas unnig n Tdukli Tafriqit d-yelhan s uzwur n « Ussusem n Yimrigen deg Tefriqt, ass n ukras (laṛebɛa) deg New York, i lmend n uqabel n talwit deg Tefriqt, yernu iwekked-d dakken yessefk ad d-yili, s lḥir, yidlis d ujhid i uḥezzeb mgal yimyenkafen.
Taremɣa / amennuɣ : Tiɣri i Yiwanaken ifriqiyen i usdukel n wussisenAsinas, 12 Fuṛaṛ 2019 10:19
ADDIS-ABEBA – Amasay n Tesmilt n Tukli tafriqit i Telwit akked Tɣellist, Smaïl Chergui, Yeɣra-d ass n letniyen i usdukel n wussisen isertanen akked yidamsanen deg umennuɣ mgal n ‘’yismental ilqayanen’’ n tremɣa dɣa deg temnaḍt n Ssaḥel, yezzireg-d dakken ‘’ur yessefk ara ad tili kan d tririt taredsant akked tɣellisant’’.
Igelmimen Imeqranen: Yerra Guterres tajmilt i yimeẓla d-yeflalin n Said DjinnitAynas, 28 Yennayer 2019 12:02
NEY YORK – Yerra tajmilt, umaru amatu n Yiɣlanen Yeddukklen, Antonio Guterres, i umazun uzzig anaffaɣ, Azzayri Saidi Djinnit, ɣef yimeẓla d-yeflalin deg 11 n yiseggasen ineggura, deg Tefriqt n Utaram d temnaḍt n Yigelmimen Imeqranin, am wakken ay d-yenna dakken amazun-a n Yiɣlanen Yeddukklen iqubel icqirrwen d « imeẓda » deg wayen yerzan talwit d tɣellist deg Tefriqt.
Tetteg Lezzayer akk ussisen-is akken ad tḥelli amḍiq tuklal i Tefriqt deg yigmanen n Tuddsa n Yiɣlanen YedduklenAsiḍyas, 15 Dujembeṛ 2018 17:22
FREETOWN – L »ezzayer ‘’tetteg akk ussisen-is’’ akken ad tessiweḍ Tefriqt ad teṭṭef amḍiq i teklmal deg yigmanen n Tuddsa n Yiɣlanen Yedduklen, i yezzireg ass n usiḍyas (ssebt) deg Freetown, aneɣlaf n Yiweẓla iwerdaniyen, Abdelkader Messahel, deg yimuhal n temlilit taɣlifant n Teqamut n Mraw n yiɣella n Yiwanaken akked Yinabaḍen n Tdukli tafriqit ɣef tsemmeskelt n Uqamu n tɣellist n Yiɣlanen Yedduklen.
Tessaweḍ twehhabit ɣer ubeḍḍu yettnernin gar lemdaheb gar Yinselmen n Tefriqt – AneqqisAsinas, 22 Mayu 2018 16:31
LEZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Tessaweḍ tesnakti tawehhabit ɣer « uftutes la yettnernin gar yisekkuden » deg Lislam n tmura tifriqiyin yernu yerra Tafriqt d anrar aydeg la tettnerni « tsalafit » d tuddsiwin timeẓrislamin tumrigin, ɣef wakken ay d-tenna Laurence-Aida Ammour, d tamsenmettit yernu d tasellaḍt n tɣellist d temḥaddit i Tefriqt n Ugafa-Utrim.


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Tanzayt n wass-a n Larebɛa (Ahad) 15 duǧember 2021 deg tzeqqa n "furum tamaziɣt tura" Mass ASSAD Si El Hachemi, s yisem-is d amaray amatu n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa, akked Mass Abdelkader BENDAMECHE, anemhal amatu n Tnegga Tazzayrit n Uẓenẓer Adelsan, zemlen ɣef umtawa ilmed n leqdic ara yezdin snat n tsudwin.
Timlilit n uzmal ɣef umtawa i teḥder tɣamsa, tusa-d beddemma n uheggi n yiwen wahil n tigawt tadelsant ara d-yeḍrun deg useggas n 2022 deg waṭas n temnaḍin n tmurt.
Amtawa-ya gar snat n tsudwin i teɣzi n kraḍ iseggasen, yewwi-d ɣef waṭas n yirmad ara ssiddesent amedya n:
Asmil n usaru "asebsi d Uɛekkaz" n umessuffeɣ ameqran Ahmed Rechedi, d-yerra ɣer Tmaziɣt Samir Ait Belkacem, imi asenɛet-ines i tikkelt tamezwarut ad d-yili ass n 28 duǧember 2021, syin akkin ad d-yili usenɛet-ines deg temnaḍin yemxalafen n tmurt deg tefsut n useggas 2022.
Asfugel aɣelnaw unṣib n yennayer akked tmeɣra n tikci n warraz n uselway n tigduda n tsekla d tutlayt tamaziɣt, ara d-yili deg Tmenɣast gar 09 d 12 yennayer 2022.
Imalas n tutlayt n Tefriqt di Lezzayer tamanaɣt gar 24 d 31 yennayer 2022.
Asfugel n wass agraɣlan n tutlayt n tyemmatt ass n 21 furar 2022 di Igli, lwilaya n Beni-Abbes.
Tannant n usileɣ deg tira n wungalen d tullisin is n yimeskraen ilmeẓyen, aya deg tallit n uneḍru n Tamesrit tagraɣlant n udlis di Lezzayer deg aggur n meɣres 2022.
Asuddes n Umugar aɣelnaw n udlis amaziɣ di Bgayet deg aggur n Ctember 2022.
Timlilit tagraɣlant tameqrant ɣef " isekfal isenzikiyen n Ɛin-Bucriṭ d Ɛin-Ḥnec, timenza n tɣerma talwit di Tefriqt" ara d-yilin deg wammas agraɣlan n yisaragen "Ɛebdellaṭif Raḥal" akked temdint n Ṣṭif gar 20 d 22 wember 2022.


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Aselway n tegduda yemmuger snat-a n temzrawin i yiman-nsen imi deg snat yid-sent llant uḍnent yernu ur ssawḍent ad hint deg tfugla n tukci n warrazen i wid d-yeflalin deg yikayaden iɣelnawen aseggas-a, d tafugla ay yesselwi uselway n tegduda, ass n ukras deg Ugemmiw n Uɣref.
Deffir ma iqeṣṣer cwiṭ d snat-a n tmezrawin d yimawlan-nsent, ihenna uselway Tebboune snat-a n teqcicin ɣef unfus-nsent yefkan aṣda deg tmurt, yernu iwekked-d dakken arraw n Zzayer d nitni « ay d azekka n tmurt ».
Imene Benabbas tettunefk-as tzalɣi n wureɣ yernu tettunefk-as tarrazt tadrimant, ma d Manar Merdas, tettunefk-as tzalɣi n uẓref d tarrazt tadrimant, ula d nettat.
Snat-a n tmezrawin ṭṭfent-d tawlaft n uktay d uselway Tebboune.


text:
Tzeddeɣ qibalt-inu ijjen tajjart d Talimant, aqqa-tt deg imeggura n iseggusa n tmanin, wer kid-s izeddeɣ ula d ijjen, ca n twalatin ittas-d ɣer-s mmi-s.
Irka niɣ Haidi mamec i s-itteԑjib ad as-laɣiɣ, deg wass amezwaru i di d-usiɣ ɣer taddart-inu tamaynut, tԑebbeẓ x unina n tewwurt d nettat teysi ijjen tsullet d teydurin d leqcuԑ n taddart. Tenna-ayi-d: “timeslayin-a uɣil a tent-tehwajed”. Zmummgeɣ, nniɣ-as : “Ɛafak aṭṭas”. Tenna-d: “Yallah awi-d ijen sebԑa Yuru”.
Ssedḥiɣ, wer ufiɣ mamec i s-ɣa-iniɣ “abetti nec qa wer tteḥwijiɣ bu ddegg-a n tmeslayin”. Maca qebleɣ-ten bac wer terri leqcuԑ-nni i dayi-ittiwi ɣer taddart-nnes. Xenni tenna-d: “Yalleh awi-d xemsa Yuru waha”. Wciɣ-as min texs uca bellԑeɣ tawwurt.
Irka wer tejji ula d ijjen lweqt wer ɣer-i d-tusi, teqqar-ayi: “belleԑ tawwurt”, niɣ tetter zzag-i ad hwiɣ, ad reẓmeɣ tawwurt minzi acewwaf-nnes wer yemciḍ mamec trezzu nettat, niɣ ad tlaɣa i ipulisen d nettat teccetka zzag-i. Ttuɣa thekk°el-ayi s wawal-nnes. Maca wer fehhmeɣ mamec ttuɣa tettegg tettezzem-ayi di tuffut zi senni ad traḥ ɣer teswiqt ad tseɣ i yelli tcukulaṭi d turarin. Zi senni ad xaf-i tesqarqeb maḥend ad ayi-tezzem x ca n ḥajet ggiɣ-tt, maca awern-as ad ayi-tettawi tisenduqin n udeffu d lleccin.
Tesԑedda llyali d nettat teẓẓaḍ i yessi ticuccay d tmufandatin n taḍuft, tessaɣ-asent ticejjura n krismas, xmi dayi-tettwala, d nnec ḥebbseɣ imeṭṭawen-inu di tiṭṭawin, treẓẓem ifassen-nnes maḥend ad ayi-tderreԑ, uca teqqar-ayi s Tlimant: “Maԑlic, merra irgazen d ilfawen” (Alle männer sind Schweine), ttruɣ x iɣallen-nnes, netteqqen tiwwura-nneɣ uca netteṭṭes.
Irka ssneɣ taddart-nnes am udikel n ufus-inu, ssneɣ melmi i tettet, melmi i tettessu nnwac-nnes d melmi i dayi-ixess ad sleɣ i isuraf-nnes. Nec d nettat negga acnaw aɣerḍa d umuc, Tom d Jerry, nettemsksi uca ad d-tas bac ad as-keḥḥleɣ ammiwen-nnes uca ad teḍḥek; melmi mma rzuɣ x ca n taddart-nniḍen, ttesliɣ-as deg uzellif-inu d nettat teqqar i yelli “a taɣerḍayt-inu tabeztuttuḥt, d nec d ḥenna-m i kid-m ittԑicen da”.
Kul twalat ad tԑesseb minzi ca n ijjen zzag-neɣ ittu ca n tewwurt terẓem, niɣ s minzi inewjiwen-inu ḍeḥken s jjehd, ssuyuseɣ x-as amutten-inu uca tdarraԑeɣ-as, nettemsumuḥ. Ila ḥwajeɣ aṭṭas n lweqt bac ad fehmeɣ mamec i tettfekker Irka, mamec i dayi-tettxes anict uyenni qaԑ uca tettlaɣa i ipulisen bac ad zzay-i teccetka, maca xenni ad teffeɣ bac ad ayi-testurjem ca n ḥajet wer tt-fhimeɣ. Tezmummug uca tettadef axmi wer teggi walu.
Aked lweqt fehmeɣ ila nettat tbeṭṭa jar tmeslayin. Tettmussurruf akid-i ammu, minzi nettat teyma ila qa akud n uzyenfi ixess la d ijjen ma ɣer-s lḥeqq ad t-iḥada waxxa wanita d ajjar niɣ d ameddukel.
Nettat tbeṭṭa ddeg-a n tmeslayin x tiddukla, ddegg-a nec wer zemmreɣ ad t-ggeɣ, maca aqa-ayi ttrinariɣ x-as. Iԑejb-ayi uxarres a ɣer-i yili lḥeqq, ad yili s nnej i kulci.
Iḍgiḍ, ɣer tmenya d uzgen n tuffut, sliɣ i ca n iwdan ttlaɣan-as s jjehd, reẓmeɣ tawwurt ufiɣ-ten d ipumpirusen d ipulisen bedden ɣer tewwurt, uzzleɣ am ca n tmeḥyuḍt bla takmamt, dewleɣ tterjijiɣ axmi ca n ijjen issers-ayi di ca n usenduq n wedfel, sseqsiɣ-ten maca qaԑ wer xaf-i d-rrin. Ttren zzag-i ad laɣiɣ i mmi-s, maca mmi-s qaԑ wer xaf-i d-itterri.
Rrin-ayi ɣer taddart bellԑen-d xaf-i tawwurt, nnan-ayi ixess-ayi wer d-tteffɣeɣ. Kmummceɣ d nnec ttrajiɣ lmencar-nnes bac ad yerẓem tawwurt-nnes. Innurẓem, maca apumpirus-nni iṭṭef tawwurt n taddart-inu maḥend wer d-tteffɣeɣ. Udfen ɣer taddart n Irka, wami i das-sliɣ tesɣuyyu, terr-d dayi-buḥbel. Ffɣeɣ zi taddart-inu d nnec ttazzleɣ x-as, ttdarrԑeɣ-as, ttruɣ. Ssudmeɣ fus-nnes d uzellif-nnes, teḍsa, uca tenna-d “Lux tettexsed-ayi?”.
Irka ɣer-s ijjen uparaṭu di taddart-nnes, ixess a x-as tԑebbeẓ kul ass ɣer tmenya n tuffut d tenԑac n uzil d tlata d sebԑa n tmeddit. Ixess a x-as tԑebbeẓ a tini “ Ɛad aqqa-ayi mliḥ. Ɛad ddreɣ. Azul, nec d Irka”. Newseq x ipumpirusen, zegga i ten-tejja ad as-ԑedlen tawwurt, d nettat tettmsazzal awern-asen teqqar-asen “aqqa isekk°a 80 yuru”.
Ass-a teԑḍel Irka x ufaqqi ca n uzgen n tseԑԑet, ufiɣ azgen n ddcar aqqa-ten ɣer tewwurt ttexsen a tt-snejmen. A Rebbi-inu iԑizzen! danita wer nettḥwiji jjiran ad afen lxecbet-nneɣ, ixess ḥa wer nettԑebbiẓ x ubuṭun waha.
Ferḥeɣ akid-s, negga aṭṭas n ifuṭuten. Zegga ffɣeɣ tenna-ayi-d : “ma ittɣil-am ihwen ad mmteɣ ma? Wi x-am ɣa iccetkan ad am-d-yawi ipulisen?”.
Tteffɣeɣ-d kul ԑecra n tminutin ttraḥeɣ a tt-zureɣ, srusiɣ imejjan-inu x tewwurt-nnes bac ad ẓreɣ ma ԑad tettnhezza.
Ass-a tesqarqb-d xaf-i Irka tewwec-ayi tasarut n tewwurt-nnes. Tenna-ayi belli aparaṭun-nni tenḍar-it. Wer teqqim texs-it di taddart-nnes. Tenna ԑawd aqqa ɣer-s ijjen tajjart d yelli-s wer teqqim ad teḥwaj.
Ul-inu yemɣer, tewwec-ayi ijjen teqrabt n taḍuft d jjdid. Awerni tnayen n tseԑԑatin, teccetka zzag-i ɣer ccarika n lekra minzi nec ggiɣ tiԑenkraf zzat i ipumpirusen minzi srusiɣ ɣer tewwurt ijjen tmaryyut n iherkusen!
Tura-tt : Taɣrid Dawwas.


text:
Arraz n Nobel di tfizikt
Arraz n Nobel di tfizikt d arraz amseggas tettak-it-id tkadimt tageldant i tussniwin n Swid i widak i d-ifkan ittekkiyen uzzanen (ifazen) s waṭas yakk deg tɣult n tfizikt. Arraz-a iga d yiwen seg 5 n warrazen i d-isnulfa Alfred Nobel deg useggas n 1895, dɣa arraz-a yebda yettunefk-d deg useggas n 1901.
Arraz n Nobel amezwaru deg tɣult n tfizikt yettunefk i umsenfizik Wilhelm Röntgen i lmend n yimeẓla islidanen i d-ifka ass mi i d-isnarem azenzar n X.
Dɣa anagar n 3 n tullas kan i yernan (irebḥen) arraz-a, tullas-a d: Marie Curie deg useggas n 1903, Maria Goeppert-Mayer deg useggas n 1963 yakk d Donna Strickland deg useggas n 2018.


text:
4 tuber
Ass 4 tuber d ass wis 277 n useggas (wis 278 deg iseggasen bisekstil). Llan 88 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas.
Tidyanin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Timiḍi wis 21[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- 2014
- akabar n tanmegla pro-Poutine n irusiswalen iliṭṭuniyen Saskaņa n umɣiwan n Riga Nils Ušakovs yuwḍeḍ d amezwaru s aqeṛṛu amecṭuḥ ar tifernin timsuḍaf di Liṭṭunya. Ɣas akken yerrbeḥ, tamsisit tanaffaɣt n alemmas-ayeffus n Taneɣlaf tamezwarut Laimdota Straujuma, yessuddesen s akabar Tigget, s Tamsisit taɣelnawt, s Tadukli n izegzawen d ifellaḥen, ad teqqim deg udabu. Yuɣ lḥal, tejmaɛeḍ 61 n 100 ikersiyen.
- ar 19 tuber : Amaḍlan n takeṛṛust n Paris.


text:
Tutlayt Taɛibrit
Tutlayt Taɛibrit (s tɛibrit tatrart: עִבְרִית ivrit, s tɛibrit tazaykut: : לשון הקודש lacun ha qudic) tga yat tutlayt zɣ tutlayin tifrusyawiyin iḍfarn i tawja n tutlayin tisamiyin. Ɣilad, taɛibrit tatrart ar tt sawaln uggar n 9 id mlyun n mddn ɣ umaḍal: 5 id mlyun gisn llan ɣ Israyil d Ikalln Ifaliṣṭiniyn; d umḍan (lɛadad) n tẓṛigin nna ttffuɣnin ɣ tmazirt taɛibrit iskr gis tiss 2 ɣ uswir agraɣlan (amaḍlan), tuti (tzri) sis aynna ittffuɣn ɣ tmizar timslaɛṛabin akkʷ!
Amzruy[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tga Taɛibrit tutlayt n udlis n udayn, Lliɣ d kcmn Ibabyluniyn s Jirizalim, taramit tga d yat zɣ tutlayin n ayt Israyil. Ass nna ɣ d kcmn Irumiyn, Udayn ddan s lɣuṛba d kraygat yan ma s idda, tmun didsn tutlayt nnsn aylliɣ tkka akk tmizar n umaḍal...
Ɣ tlallit n syunism ɣ Urupa, imussnawn udayn ssidirn tutlayt nnsn, aylliɣ tga ɣila tutlayt tunṣibt n tmazirt n udayn akkʷ nttat d taɛrabt ɣ Israyil.
Tanfust (tanqqist) n tɛibrit ur tli anaw, d iɣ nra ad tt nini ɣ yat tguri, tamggarut ad ur rad tg amr: tuzzant! (tamkra).
Amzruy aqbur[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Uwin d imassann n umzruy mas tt nn tkka tutlayt ad ɣ tmazirt n Knɛan s dat ad tili tgldit n Dawd d Sliman, ar sawaln mddn s tntaliwin nns ɣ tudrt nnsn takuyast; tantaliwin ad a s tettyara Ttawrat (adlis lli akkʷ ilan atig dar wudayn) tg ula tutlayt n ddin nnsn; ɣumun iɛibriyn ar sawaln tutlayt nnsn, aylliɣ tlkm tasut tiss 2 dffir tlalit n Ɛisa: ur sul tgi tɛibrit tutlayt taymmat n wudayn, taɣul d tutlayt tasgdant ka (tin tẓallit d warratn n iḥzzann); tmmt! Tamẓ taṛamit adɣar nns dar iɛibriyn.
Amzruy nna ur bahra yaggugn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tqqim tɛibrit ɣ timḍlt nns, tasutin f tasutin, qqimn tarwa nns ar sawaln tutlayin n tmizar nna ɣ zdɣn, nɣ d kra n tntaliwin zund tɛibrmaziɣt, taɛibraɛṛabt, taɛibrṣbnyult, tayddict, atg.; aylliɣ d yuman (ibayn), gr tasut tiss 18 d tiss 19, yan umussu n uswingm uday, s yism n “Haskala” (asgmi s tɛibrit), lli d yugmn zɣ Umussu n Tafatin ; ɣ umzwaru, ttwassnnt twngimin n umussu n Haskala gr wudayn n tmazirt n Aliman, lqqfn tnt ilmma aytmatn nnsn ɣ tmizar yaḍnin n Uṛubba, ḍfṛn tn ula udayn n Lmɣrib d win tmizar n imuslmn.
Tmukrisin lli tn dars ikkan[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Bla ad nkcm ɣ ɣaylli d yusan ɣ twngimin s ufruri, yuda aɣ ma izdin d tutlayt: iqqan aɣ d ɣ umzwaru ad nini mas tt nn kkan wudayn iradikaliyn llan mgal n ussmrs (listiɛmal) n tɛibrit ɣ tirra nna ur igin tasgdant, mac mqqar ɣaya, ssntan imaratn n umussu n Haskala ar ttaran s tɛibrit kra n tnfas tiqburin zɣ uzmz n Ttawrat, ukan ur ufin ula kra n umukris; mac, ɣar ssntan tirra f isntln (lmawaḍiɛ) imirann (n tizi ann ɣ ddrn), yicqqu nit fllasn ad smdn, acku Ttawrat ur gis utint tguriwin 8000 n yat (2000 sigsnt ttunnant 1 tikklt ɣ Ttawrat, d iẓuṛan n tguriwin ur utin 500 n yan), d ur tt nn kkin imawaln lli rad yaws ɣ usuɣl n idlisn n tussna d tusnakt. Ufan imaratn yan umukris yaḍn: kkan tt nn ar asn qqarn ɣar kra n mddn drusnin, gn akkʷ irgazn mi iktur yixf; ima timɣarin d irgazn nna ur bahra ɣrinin, kkan tt nn ar qqarn taskla tayddict, ɣaylli yujjan tugtt n imaratn ad aran s tyddict afad ad darsn yili ugdud iggutn.
Skrn imassann n Haskala tawuri nnsn, ssudrn d taskla taɛibrit, ldin d sis tutlayt zɣ uẓkka nns, mqqar ukan sul tmmut; Aylliɣ d idda umssudr lli tt id issnkrn zɣ tmttant: Iliɛiẓaṛ Bn Yahuda.
Iliɛiẓaṛ Bn Yahuda[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ilul d Iliɛiẓaṛ Bn Yahuda s yism n Iliɛiẓaṛ Isḥaq Birlman Ilyanuf ɣ tgldit n Rusya (Bilarusya ɣilad), asggʷas n 1858, ɣ ugnsu n yat tawja tudayt taḥasidit (taradikalit) isawaln s tyddict; igugl (zɣ babas) lliɣ iṭṭf 5 isggʷasn, tajjt innas d xalis; izzri tamẓit nns zund akkʷ inggʷa nns udayn ɣ tɣri d ulmad n idlisn n usgd (ddin) uday (Ttawrat, Micna d Utlmud), ilmma ilmd tafṛanṣiṣt, talimant d trusiyt, ɣaylli t yujjan ad ikcm d umussu aṣhyuni, yaf nn gis mas d assudr n tutlayt taɛibrit ɣ wakal n Israyil a rad ismun akkʷ udayn n umaḍal.
Izzri Bn Yahuda 4 isggʷasn ɣ Bariz (Fṛanṣa), iɣr tasnijjit (tasnḍbibt) ɣ tsdawit n Ṣurbun, iɣr ula amzruy d tsrtit n Ugmmuḍ Anammas (Lqblt n tuẓẓumt); yan wass, immiggir d yan wuday ggʷ Yirucalayim (Lquds), isawl dids s tɛibrit; assmrs ad n tɛibrit ɣ wawal, ad t issnẓan (iqnɛn) mas tẓḍar tutlayt ad ad d tdwl s tudrt, tg tutlayt n uɣrf (ccɛb) aysrayili.
Ɣ usggʷas n 1881, rad izug Bn Yahuda ntta d tmɣart nns tamzwarut (igan taslmadt n trusiyt) s Yirucalayim ɣ Faliṣṭin Taɛutmanit; rad ɣinn ifsr yan ulɣu (liɛlan) nna ɣ da ittini mas d iqqan taɛibrit ad tg tutlayt n tinmal n tmazirt; imikk, rad ilmma ig aslmad n tɛibrit ɣ tinml n umulli aysrayli aẓuran ɣ Yirucalayim (ar isslmad taɛibrit s tɛibrit, nican, bla asuɣl), imikk daɣ rad isnflul kra n tmsmunin (zund “Tixyat Israyil”, “Cafa Birura” d “Ba Ad Halacun”), d ad ur nttu Takadimit n Tutlayt Taɛibrit nna iskr (tsul tlla ar ɣassa) afad ad issktr (ntta d imassann yaḍnin) taɛibrit s irmawn (lmuṣṭalaḥat) nna ur gis llinin.
Ɣ tgmmi nns, icṛḍ Iliɛiẓaṛ f tmɣart nns ad sar sul ur sawln kra n tutlayt abla taɛibrit, mqqar imsar aynna imsarn; yan wass yufa tamɣart nns ar tettɣnnaj i iwis yat tzlit tarusiyt, ibṛṛm nit gis, yini as ad sar sul ur tals i tigawt ann. Lliɣ as tmmut tmɣart ad (Dibuṛa) s waṭṭan n turin, tujja as 5 igugiln, mmtn gisn 3 s waṭṭan n diftirya, ikk 6 wayyurn yawl xaltis n warrawn nns: Ximda.
Ɣ usgmi n iwis (nna mi ismma Bn Ṣhyun), ikka tt nn ur ar t ittajja ad yurar ɣ tsukt, nɣ d ad imun d tarwa yaḍnin, acku ur ar sawaln taɛibrit, ayad ad yujjan Bn Ṣhyun ad iddukkl d uydi nns (nna mi ismma Mahir); asgmi ad ad iskrn zɣ urba ad “Afgan Amzwaru” nna mi tga tɛibrit tatrart (taɛaṣṛit) tutlayt taymmat.
Mqqar tt nn ikka walay (ttaqddum) ad iẓẓay, ilin imarawn (lwalidin) uginin ad lmdn warrawn nnsn yat tutlayt nna rad asn ur yawsn ɣ usslmd anaflla; waxxa mkann, ismd sul Bn Yahuda tanaɣa nns, lli d issntan ilmma ar takka tayafut: ɣ usggʷas n 1902, ilkm wuṭṭun n tawjiwin nna issmrasn ɣar taɛibrit –ilkm- 10 (n tawjiwin); ima ɣ usggʷas n 1903, i tikklt tamzwarut, ɣ umsasa gr wudayn n Israyil, rad yili umrara n wawal s tɛibrit!
Icnga (iɛdawn) n twngimt ad n ussudr n tɛibrit[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Bddn wudayn iradikaliyn n Uṛubba mgal ussmrs n tɛibrit ɣ ɣaynna ur izdin s tẓallit d usgd, iwa hat ula udayn iradikaliyn n Israyil (slawan akkʷ imzdaɣn inṣliyn da ur ginin iṣhyuniyn) bddn s wuzzal d tmssi mgal usnfar nɣ lmcṛuɛ n Iliɛiẓaṛ, ṣṛḍn (actkan) sis dar unbbaḍ nɣ lḥakm aɛutmani aturkiy lli t iqqnn ɣ ubniq ɣ usggʷas n 1894, ikk nn gis yan mnnaw wayyurn, ilmma ssufɣn t id imddukkal nns. Itturgl as ula uɣmis (ljarida) nns, uggar n usggʷas, yaf nn iman nns ifrd ɣar ntta d yan mnnaw imddukkal, ayad ad t yujjan ad ig afus nns ɣ ufus n Hirtzil (babas n tṣhyunit) afad ad yaf wi t isnaln ɣ twuri.
Imikk s imikk, ssntan middn ar ttfrakn s watig n tutlayt nnsn (mqqar akkʷ ur tgi tutlayt nnsn taymmat), ar d ilmma skarn amzgun (lmṣṛḥ), aẓawan, anzway (aṛadyu), iɣmisn, turtitin tiɛibriyin n imẓyann; ar akkan mddn i tarwa nnsn ismawn iɛibriyn, ar qqarn waṛṛaḍn taskla, timassanin, tusnakt d tetiknulujiyt s tɛibrit. Ɣ 1916, kkan tt nn 40% ɣ wudayn n Israyil ar ttinin mas darsn tga tɛibrit tutlayt tamzwarut, tigmiḍi ad ar tettawḍ (tlkkm) 75% ɣ Tal Abib d idɣarn yaḍnin nna ɣ drusn wudayn iradikaliyn (tqqim tmdint n Yirucalayim d iɣrm aradikali nna ɣ bahra idrus wawal s tɛibrit).
Imnɣi n tutlayin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ur tt nn ikki usslmd n tɛibrit iẓli ɣas s imẓyann nna mi rad tg tutlayt taymmat, mac ula middn mqqurnin, slawan akkʷ wida d usanin zɣ bṛṛa n Israyil; acku, ad ur nttu mas tt nn tkka yat tɣnnant iqsḥn gr tɛibrit zɣ yat tsga d tfṛanṣiṣt, tanglizit d talimant zɣ tsga yaḍn; ɣayad rad yawḍ ayda mi nttini ɣ umzruy n Israyil: “Imnɣi n Tutlayin”, slawan akkʷ gr tɛibrit d talimant, zun d lliɣ tt nn tkka rad tettuṛẓm tsdawit tatiknit n Ḥayfa ɣ usggʷas n 1913 (talli ittwassnn ɣilad ɣ umaḍal s yism n Tixnyun), tmun tmhla (liḍaṛa) n tsdawit ɣ Birlin, tini mas rad ttwaslmdnt tmassanin titikniyin s talimant; nkrn mddn ar sɣuyyun f tɣtast (lqarar) ad: slgn inlmadn d islmadn n Ḥayfa d Tal Abib tiɣri (skrn liḍṛab), ssutrn ad tg tɛibrit tutlayt tamyiwnt (lwaḥida) n usslmd d tɣri. Ɣ umggaru, dffir kigan n tɣnnant, tnnuṛẓm tsdawit, s tɛibrit ka. S trnnawt ad, rad tssdus tɛibrit iman nns, tsrs yan uḍaṛ ɣ umaḍal n tdlsa tatrart, d tetiknulujiyt.
10 n isggʷasn dffir ɣayad, ɣ 1924, tṛẓm Tsdawit n Yirucalayim tiwwura nns, tg gis tɛibrit tutlayt n ulmad d usslmd; ima Asinag n Wizman lliɣ issnta ɣ 1934, ur akkʷ sul illi wi isqsan matta tutlayt a s rad tili tɣri.
Ɣ usggʷas n 1922, rad tssnṣb (tṛṣṣm) tnbaḍt tabṛiṭaniyt tutlayt taɛibrit (tama n tnglizit d taɛṛabt) zund tutlayt n tmssugurt (lidaṛa), aylli rad daɣ ifk i tutlayt ad yan wazal imqqurn, acku taẓḍurt n uwank (ddula) ur tt saswa d tin mddn. Ɣ tmdinin zund Tal Abib (tamdint taɛibrit tamzwarut), iskr Bn Ṣhyun (iwis n Bn Yahuda) yan umzizzl (lḥmla): wanna isllan i kra n yan ar isawal s kra n tutlayt yaḍn, ar as ittini “wa aɛibri, sawl taɛibrit”.
Iliɛiẓaṛ daɣ[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ad daɣ nurri s Iliɛiẓaṛ, nsskti d mas issnta yan usnfar zɣ 1901 aylliɣ immut (s waṭṭan n turin) ɣ Yirucalayim ɣ tgira n 1922: “Milun Halacun Haɛibrit Haɛicana Bihaxadaca” (Amawal n tutlayt taɛibrit taqburt d tetrart); amawal ad rad gis issufɣ 7 isunaḍ (igʷzman) s dat tmttant nns, tssufɣ tmɣart nns d iwis Ihud 9 isunaḍ nni qqimnin ɣ usggʷas n 1959. Amawal ad irna gis kigan n irmawn d tguriwin tinulfa (Néologismes) da iṛḍl zɣ taɛṛabt (s waṭṭaṣ), taṛamit taqburt, talatinit taqburt, tanglizit, tarusiyt, talimant, tafṛanṣiṣt, atg.
Immut Bn Yahuda, tɣama d tɛibrit, ɣaman dids warrawn nns yaḍnin lli tt swurinin (xdmnin), slawan akkʷ lliɣ d ilula uwank n Israyil ɣ 1949, nbḍn wudayn ixfawn nnsn, skrn zɣ tɛibrit tutlayt tamzwarut n Israyil (nnig taɛṛabt d tnglizit).
Tirra[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- ẓer Agmmay aɛibri
Ittuysxdam agmmay aɛibri ɣ tirra n tɛibrit. Llan gis 22 n Iskkiln. Iga agemmay Abjd zund Agmmay aɛrab nɣ Agmmay alibi (Tifinaɣ n zik). Iskkiln nns d asusru n zik, asusru n ddin, d asusru n ɣila ɣ tɛibrit tisrayilt.
Amzruy n ugmmay ad[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Askkil ad imsar as zund aynna ittmsarn i tfinaɣ ɣilad: kigan n iysrayiliyn iyckinaziyn (lli d ddanin zɣ tmizar n Uṛubba, Rusya d Mirikan) ad tt nn kkanin ran ad gn askkil alatini (lli myarn) ɣ udɣar n uskkil aɛibri, mac mmiggirn d yat tnzbayt nna ifrsn kigan zɣ dar imnɛaṛn n uskkil aɛibri.
Yadlli! Askkil ur dars ma s rad isbiḍṛ tutlayt taɛibrit, d ig ddad nssudr yat tutlayt immutn, ad nit dids nssudr ula askkil nns, ḥuma ad ng tififlt i taṭṭajint, nsfalki tt sis uggar.
Iɣbula[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- (shi) AD AM IFK ṚBBI ANNAZ N TƐIBRIT A TAMAZIƔT - yura tt ssi Yassine Aït-El-Mouden
Isaɣuln


text:
Busnya ed Hirziguvina
Busnya ed Hirziguvina d tamurt n wenẓul (sud) n Turuft, tezga-d deg Tzunegzirt n Balqan. Tajumma-nnes 51.209 km2 (yikilumitren imkuẓen). Zedɣen-tt 3.842.566 n yimezdaɣen. Tamaneɣt-nnes d Sarajevo.
Agensas Aɛlayan (haut représentant): Valentin Inzko Iselwayen: Nebojša Radmanović (d Aserbi), Željko Komšić (d Akṛuwati), Bakir Izetbegović (d Abusni ineslem). Aneɣlaf Amezwaru: Nikola Špirić
Tarakalt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Amur ameqran seg wakal n Busnya ed Hirziguvina d idurar (Adrar n Maglic, deg wenẓul-agmuḍan (sud-est) n tmurt yettaweḍ ɣer 2.387 n lmitrat deg leɛlu. Busnya ed Hirziguvina tezga- deg tama aydeg ggtent tzenzlin.
Tadimugrafit[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Imezdaɣen n Busnya ed Hirziguvina llan deg-sen waṭas n yiɣerfan (ccuɛub): 45% seg-sen d Ibusniyen inselmen, 30% d Iserbiyen uṛtuduksiyen, ma d 15% d Ikṛuwatiyen ikaṭuliyen.
Amezruy[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Busnya ed Hirziguvina tella d yiwet seg tegdudyin n Yuguslavya taqburt. Deg 1992, imḍebbren-nnes sɣerten-d (déclarer) azarug-nnes (indépendance), dɣa d aya ay yejjan Iserbiyen ad d-snekren amgaru (ṭṭrad) akked Yibusniyen inselmen ed Yekruwatiyen n tmurt-a. Asmi ay ifuk wemgaru, tamurt-a tettwabḍa ɣef sin yeḥricen: Tafidiralit takruwatit-tineslemt (51% seg wakal) akked Tegduda taserbit (49%).
Tadamsa[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ar ass-a mazal Busnya ed Hirzigivina tbennu ayen ay ihudden deg tallit n wemgaru (ṭṭrad). Zik, Busnya ed Hirziguvina tella tesɛa tamguri (industrie) ijehden (uzzal, aluminyum, takrura), maca deg tallit-nni n wemgaru, amur ameqran seg lluzinat ihudd. Ɣef ljal n yidurar n tmurt-a, yewɛer ɣef medden ad gen tafellaḥt, ɣef waya, ala d takessawt n tfunasin akked uɣellet n wesɣar n tẓegwa ay irebḥen deg tmurt-a, d acu kan, Ibusniyen sfulluḥen daɣen irden, tidal (lxeḍra) akked yigumma (lfakya).