text:
Tigejdit :
Azul fell-awen ay atmaten d teysetmatin,
At'as seg watmaten-nnegh
si tmiwa timazighin nnid'en (Merr'uk, Icawiyen, Libya), ay d agh-d-ittarun s tmazight, akken ad agh-gen ifadden u ad agh-d-sfer'h'en
d akken fehmen ayen d asen-nura, xas akken yura s tentala ay nesseqdac nekni, taqbaylit. Amsefham ger n Yimazighen s tmazight
yezmer ad d-yili, anect-a at'as n yimassanen ay d-yemmeslayen fell-as, u gar-asen Salem Chaker. D acu kan, anect-a yeh'wadj
digh citt' n leqdic si tama-nnegh, nekni s Yimazighen. Yugh lh'al, zik-nni, asmi wer‚ad d agh-d-kciment tutlayin tiberr'aniyin,
nella nekni s Yimazighen nettmeslay yiwet kan n tutlayt, xas tes‚a tantalyin, llan lejdud-nnegh n tama-ya zemren ad msefhamen
d wid n tama-yadi. Anect-a yessbanay-it-id wemcabi ay ttemcabint tentalyin-nnegh ass-a deg wat'as n lumur', gar-asen amawal
(vocabulaire), tajerr'umt, inzan, timucuha, atg. D acu kan, asmi ay bdant keccment-d tutlayin idjehden gher Tmazgha, at'as
n tmiwa ay d-igezmen ghef tiyad', u d lqella n unermis (contact) ger n Yimazighen ay yerran tutlayt-nnegh temgerrad si tama
gher tayed' akken tella ass-a, alammi yughal yew‚er' ghef Wemz'abi ad yefhem Aqbayli, negh Acawi ad yefhem Acelh'i. Ughalen
warraw n Tmazgha, akken ad msefhamen wagar-asen, terra-ten tmara ad sseqdacen tutlayt taberr'anit. Ass-a, mi akka ay nuki
d yiman-nnegh wi gh-ilan, neldi-d allen-nnegh ghef tnettit-nnegh (identitt') u nebgha ad d-nessider idles d tutlayt-nnegh,
at'as deg-negh ara yessaramen ad dduklen Yimazighen i tikkelt nnid'en, u ad d-tughal tegmat-nni yellan gar-asen. Yugh lh'al
tutlayt d yiwet si tgejda ay d agh-yesduklen, yernu ur nezmir ad nerwel fell-as imi ay tecrek akk imdanen ay d-yeqqaren d
akken d Imazighen ay llan. D acu kan, ur tezmir tutlayt-a ad teddukel ma yella ad neqqim dima kan a nesseqdac tutlayt taberr'anit
akken ad nettmeslay wagar-anegh, am akken ur tezmir digh ad teddukel ma yella ara nettkel kan ghef leqdic n yinagmayen (laboratoires)
imi tutlayin n unagma y werdjin rbih'ent. Ihi, ayen ara d-yerren tamazight d ttawil n wemsefham ger n Yimazighen d asseqdec-yines
deg wennar akk d wembaddel n tmusni ghef tmazight (yernu akken nu‚a s tmazight) ger n tegrawin timazighin ay d-mazal
ddrent ass-a. Ur ilaq ara ad nkukrut ad nettemyaru s tmazight d watmaten-nnegh n tmiwa nnid'en, imi d anect-a ara d agh-yeddjen
ad d-nissin ayen ssnen, u ad asen-nesselmed ayen nessen. Lemmer dgha ad tughal tmazight d ttawil n teywalt (communication)
ger n tegrawin timazighin, anect-a ad agh-yeddj "ad d-nemsel" yiwet n tmazight tamaynut, tamazdayt (commune), tin ara d agh-yesduklen
merr'a, tin i yes ara nemsefham merr'a, u anect-a yezmer ad d-yili mebla ma negrent tentalyin yellan ass-a, imi seg-sent ara
d-tettagem tmazight-nni "yedduklen" ara d-yilin s wazekka, ma yebgha R'ebbi. I lmend digh n wanect-a, yal tarba‚t iqeddcen
ghef kra n tantala ad teqdec ghef wamek ara tt-tesselmed i wid yettmeslayen tantalyin nnid'en, imi anect-a ad yessishel mlih'
a msefham ger n Yimazighen. D acu kan, ass-a ilaq ad nesseghli yiwen n u‚ekkur (obstacle) d ameqqran : d tuqqna n wallen ghef
wuguren-agi. Dgha ah'urif amenzu ay ilaq ad t-nexdem netta d assaki d wesh'ulfu n medden akken ad fken ugar azal i tutlayt-nsen.
Qqaren-as : Agdud mebla
idles am wemdan mebla iles.
Nekni ad as-nini : Agdud mebla iles d
agdud ur nes‚i idles.
Imedyazen
Amezruy n tutlayt talitwanit
Aqeddem :
ad'ris ay d-nefren ass-a i watmaten-nnegh d win d-yettmeslayen ghef tutlayt talitwanit d wamek tennugh mgal n umennekcam aberr'ani
akken ad tidir ar ass-a. Agdud alitwani ay d-isbedden tamurt i yiman-is di leqrun n Tallit Talemmast (Moyen-Age), yem‚awan
akk d Pulunya si 1385 d asawen akken ad yerr asseh'r'es (colonisation) arusi. D acu kan, asmi ay d-zzin ye‚dawen si yal tama
ghef Litwanya, teddukel tmurt-a akk d Pulunya u tughal d ah'ric seg-s di 1569. D anect-n ay yeldin tawwurt i yedles aberr'ani
ad d-yekcem tamurt-a, yernu inesbughar Ilitwaniyen (tiserkam tiburjwaziyin) fkan afus deg wanect-a, imi dindin kan ddjan tutlayt
d yedles-nsen yernu ughalen ttzuxxun s yedles apuluni. Di 1795, ah'ric meqqren si Litwanya tewwi-t Rrus, dgha seg yimir-n
ay bdan Yirusiyen tthuddun akk ayen d-iqqimen seg yidles d tutlayt ilitwaniyen. D acu kan, xas a‚daw yedjhed, xas amer'kanti
yefka afus, agdud alitwani afellah', igellil, ur yeqbil ad isemmeh' di tutlayt-is. Zzin-as-d ye‚dawen si yal tama, maca netta
yeddem tutlayt-is d asafu i yes ara yewwet ghef tnettit-is (identitt') akk d uzarug (indt'pendance) n tmurt-is. Di 1990, asmi
ay tewwi Litwanya azarug-is, yufa-d lh'al tutlayt-is mazal-itt tedder, xas akken yesse‚ya-tt zzman, u tewjed akken ad
tebnu tamurt. Akken ad tissinem amezruy negh tadyant yessewhamen, tamkerra (miracle) ay d-yed'ran akk d tlitwanit, nefren-awen-d
tlata n tukkas (passages) seg yed'risen yemgerraden. Yiwen newwi-t-id seg yiwen wemd'iq n tutlayt talitwanit, yettmeslay-d
ghef wamek tekcem tlitwanit s annar n tira, ma d snat tukkas nnid'en, newwi-tent-id seg yiwen wedlis ifazen, "Amezruy n Tutlayt
Talitwanit", (Mokslo Ir Enciklopediju Leidykla - The History of the Lithuanian Language), yura-t-id Dr. Zigmas Zinkevicius,
u yeffegh-d di Vilnius di 1996. Adlis-agi nettwali-t d yiwen seg yedlisen ifazen akk deg umezruy n tutlayin. Yettmeslay-d
ghef umennugh ay d-wwin Yilitwaniyen n tserkam n wadda (basses classes) n tmetti akken ad d-ssukksen tutlayt-nsen ay yellan
d ajgu alemmas n tnettit-nsen, d ajgu n we‚rur n yedles-nsen, d ayen i ten-yessawd'en ad d-kksen tamurt-nsen i uberr'ani.
Nessaram d akken taghuri-yagi ad d-tili di lfayda n watmaten-nnegh akk d tin n tutlayt-nnegh. Afud igerrzen.
Ms. Omar MOUFFOK
Amaru Amatu
Si lqern wis 16 gher lqern wis 18
:
Tira n tutlayt talitwanit :
Ad'ris-agi nekkes-it-id seg wemd'iq n Tiddukla Tadelsant
Tasamugtit n Litwanya
(Samogitian Cultural Association Editorial Board)
www.mch.mii.lt
At'as ay teqqim tutlayt talitwanit ur tes‚i ara tira-s i yiman-is, imi alammi d lqern wis 16 ay d-yeffegh
wedlis amenzu s tutlayt-a. Asmi ay d-sbedden Yilitwaniyen tamurt-nsen, s kra n tebratin ay llan ttarun-tent i tmura n Turr'uft
tutrimt (Europe occidentale) llan ttarun-tent s tutlayt talitt'unit (tutlayt n Litt'unya, d tamurt ay iqerben gher Litwanya),
ma sdaxel n tmurt, llan Yilitwaniyen sseqdacen tabyilurusit taqburt (ancien bit'lorusse) n lqern wis 14, ay yellan d yiwet
si tentalyin n teslavit taqburt. Ger n lqern wis 15 d wis 16, tejme‚-d Litwanya tasekla meqqren s tutlayt tabyilurusit, [imi
iselghayen-is imens'aben -documents officiels- merr'a llan uran s tutlayt-a], dgha nezmer ad naf deg-s iselghayen n Uwanek
(documents d'Etat), isud'af (leqwanin) akk d yiz'uyar (statuts) ilitwaniyen n lqern wis 16, tasekla tazernant (littt'rature
polt'mique), idlisen i deg llant tikta icuban tid n "Tallit n Teftilin" (Renaissanc e), atg. Am akken ay tughal temdint n Vilnius
di lqern wis 16 d tamaneght n ussuffegh n yedlisen.
Asmi ay d-yekcem
ddin amsih'i di lqern wis 14 d wis 15 gher Litwanya, yughal yedles d tutlayt ilitwaniyen ttidiren deg umihi (danger) imi ay
ten-id-yekcem yedles apuluni. Ihaggaren (nobles) d yimer'kantiyen ipuluniyen ‚erd'en ad gen akk ayen umi zemren akken ad h'ettmen
tutlayt tapulunit, agemmay-nsen akk d wansayen-nsen (traditions) ghef Yilitwaniyen. Ma d ihaggaren akk d yimer'kantiyen n
Litwanya bdan cwit', cwit', ttaddamen tutlayt d wansayen ipuluniyen. Dgha bdan a ttseth'in s las'el-nsen alitwani yernu ughalen
a qqaren i yiman-nsen "gentle lituanus, natione polonus" (d Ilitwaniyen di las'el, d Ipuluniyen di tghelnawt -nationalitt').
Ghur yimer'kantiyen-agi, awal "Alitwani" yella yeqqen kan gher kra n "tama taklunghant" (rt'gion gt'ographique), ur yelli d
isem n wegdud wala d win n weghlan (nation). Ihaggaren akk d yimer'kantiyen ur llin ara ttmeslayen talitwanit yernu llan h'eqren-tt
am nettat, am wansayen ilitwaniyen. Taklizt (t'glise) takat'ulit tella-d d allal idjehden i wezra‚ n yedles apuluni imi ala
kan citt'ah' n yemrabd'en n Yir'umyen ay yellan ttmeslayen talitwanit. Ma deg wayen yerzan medden s umata, talitwanit llan
ttmeslayen-tt ala kan yifellah'en akk d yimer'kantiyen ur nes‚i iglamen (privilŤges). Yugh lh'al, takufd'a (alit'nation) i
deg ghlin lh'ekkam akk d yimer'kantiyen Ilitwaniyen tesseb‚ed-iten ghef tutlayt, ghef wansayen akk d yedles n wegdud alitwani,
d anect-a ay d-yeglan s twaghit ay ih'uzan idles aghelnaw alitwani u teddja-t yesbek ach'al n leqrun, ur yeddi gher sdat.
D anect-a ay yeddjan anekcum n tsekla talitwanit s annar n tira akk d ussuffegh n yedlisen s tutlayt-a ad ‚ett'len yernu ula
asmi ay d-yella waya, lumur' a teddunt kan s taz'eyt.
D azra‚
n tikta n Usemmeskel (Rt'forme) di Litwanya di lqern wis 16 ay yeddjan adlis amezwaru s tutlayt talitwanit ad d-yeffegh. Di
1547, yessuffegh-d Martynas Mazvydas adlis n Temsirin n ddin s tlitwanit (catt'chisme), "Catechismvsa Prasty Szadey", di temdint
n Konigsberg, di Prusya Tacerqit [d tama iqerben gher Litwanya]. Adlis-agi ur t-iwala ara bab-is d timsirin kan di ddin wanag
yella yebgha-t digh ad yili d "aselmad" n yimez'yanen i tghuri akk d ccna n tezlatin timsih'iyin. Adlis-agi yedda-d deg-s
ugemmay alitwani, abacid (abt'ct'daire), kra n yilugan n llsas i tghuri n tlitwanit akk d kra n yilugan n tjerr'umt. Ur i‚ett'el
ara wedlis-agi d'efren-t-id yedlisen nnid'en n ddin ay d-yeffghen di Litwanya.
Akken ad teh'bes azra‚ n tikta n Usemmeskel, tufa-d teklizt
takat'ulit iman-is -nettat yellan tesseqdac kan talatinit akk d tpulunit- tettuh'ettem ad tesseqdac talitwanit akken ad d-tessuffegh
yis-s idlisen n ddin. Dgha, di 1597, yessuffegh-d udabu [apuluni] n Vilnius yiwen n wedlis n temsirin n ddin, u yerna-d di
1599 adlis nnid'en di ddin, isem-is Postilla, yessuqel-iten-id Mikalojus Dauksa di sin yid-sen gher tlitwanit.
Adlis n Postilla
yes‚a azal meqqren deg umezruy n tlitwanit, maci ghef lxet'bat yellan deg-s wanag ghef Tezzwart (introduction) ay d as-d-yura
Dauksa, i deg ay d-yessefhem d akken tutlayt tayemmat (langue maternelle) tes‚a azal meqqren at'as yernu yeccetka-d ghef tegnit
n th'eqranit i deg tella tettidir tutlayt tayemmat di Litwanya :
"Ulac aghlan (ldjens) abujehli (ignorant) yernu ameh'qur
di ddunit am win ara yesr'uh'en tlata n tghawsiwin i yes d-ilul : tamurt-is, ansayen-is akk d tutlayt-is. Aghlan ur yezmir
ad yidir s tband'ilt (fertilitt') n wakal wala s ccbah'a n yicett'id'en-is, ur yezmir ad yidir s ccbah'a n tmurt-is wala s
ldjehd n temdinin-is akk d tghermin-yines (ch‚teaux), wanag aghlan yettidir s weh'raz akk d usseqdec n tutlayt-is ay yellan
d tigejdit n weghlan yernu d nettat ay yessedjhaden tighariwin-is (qualitt's), tessedjhad amsefham ger n warraw-is akk d tayri
d tegmat gar-asen. Tutlayt tayemmat d nettat ay yettcuddun s tayri arraw n weghlan wagar-asen, d nettat ay d tayemmat n tdukli,
d tayemmat n wazalen igharimen (valeurs civiques), d ta‚essast n tmurt. Be‚det ghef tutlayt-nwen, ad d-tafem iman-nwen tbe‚dem
ghef wemsefham, ghef tdukli akk d nneyya yes'fan d wayen akk yeqqnen s anect-a ! Be‚det ghef tutlayt-nwen, ad d-tafem iman-nwen
tessensem tafat n yit'ij deg yigenni, td'eggre m ddunit di tt'lam u tes‚erqem-as abrid, tengham tudert u terram-d arway d
ucewwel deg wemkan-is ! Mi d-qqaregh anect-a, ur d-qsidegh ara d akken ilaq ad nergel abrid i welmad n tutlayin tiberr'aniyin,
wanag iswi-yinu awh'id netta ad d-sseknegh tah'eqranit, xas ini-as ankar' ay nenker' tutlayt-nnegh talitwanit. Ttmennigh di
R'ebbi ad tmeyyzem u ad d-takim yiwwas si lefsad-agi ! Ma d nekk si tama-w, ad fer'h'egh imi ara iligh ttekkagh, s wedlis-agi
amect'uh', deg usaki n wegdud-iw akken ad ih'emmel, ad yeh'rez u ad yesnerni tutlayt-nnegh tayemmat".
Awal-agi ay
d-nuder yesskanay-d tugdi n kra n medden di Litwanya ghef wayen yes‚an azal meqqren akk ay tezmer ad t-tes‚u tmurt : tutlayt-is,
yernu xas akken tella Litwanya tettidir di tallit n tkufd'a (alit'nation) taberr'anit, llan medden ay ih'ulfan belli maci akken
ay ilaq ad ddunt lumur', ur ilaq ara ad fken afus di tutlayt-nsen.
Di 1629, yeffegh-d
yiwen n umawal n tlitwanit, s tpulunit akk d tlatinit, yura-t-id Konstantinas Sirvydas. Tajerr'umt n tlitwanit tamezwarut
ay yuran s tlatinit yura-tt-id Daniel Klein u teffegh-d di Konigsberg, deg useggas n 1653. At'as seg yedlisen ay d-yeffghen
di tallit-nni ay ih'etten (insister) ghef wazal n tutlayt tayemmat yernu fkant digh azal i wezra‚ n tira n tlitwanit. D acu
kan, nesh'issif imi leqdicat-agi llan qlilit yernu ur ssawd'en ara ad d-ldin tawwurt i umussu (mouvement) idjehden i lmend
wesnerni n yedles alitwani. Talitwanit yuran tughal simmal keccmen-tt-id wawalen n tpulunit yernu qlilit wid ay d-yelhan d
uzzizdeg akk d usselhu-yines. Lqern wis 18 nezmer ad as-nsemmi d tallit i deg tughal tlitwanit yuran d tigellilt, d
tallit i deg tenqes at'as ussuffegh n yedlisen s tutlayt-a. (...)
Si 1795 alammi d lqern wis 20
:
[Nekkes-it-id seg wedlis n Dr. Zigmas Zinkevicius, "History
of the Lithuanian Language", 1996].
Mbe‚d ma tettwabd'a
tkunfidir'alit Talitwanit-Tapulunit i tikkelt tis tlata [1795], ah'ric ameqqran seg wakal i deg yella yettidir wegdud alitwani
is'ah'-as-d i Rusya, di lweqt i deg ala kan d tama ay d-yuzgan akin i wasif n Nemunas (tin umi ara semmin sakin tama n Suvalkai)
ay s-d-is'ah'en Prusya [d tamurt yettmeslayen talmanit]. Tasertit ay d'efren lh'ekkam di snat-agi n tmiwa tella d tamesbat'lit:
deg weh'ric arusi, d tutlayt tarusit ay yettuh'ettmen ghef wegdud, ma deg weh'ric n Prusya, d talmanit i yes bghan ad d-sxedmen
medden. Mbe‚d n Weswir n Vienna (CongrŤs de Vienne) di 1815, ula d tama ay d-yuzgan akin i wasif n Nemunas tettunefk-as i
Rusya, d acu kan, yufa-d lh'al beddlent kra n lumur' di tama-nni. Abeddel ameqqren akk ay d-yed'ran dinna netta d tukksa n
temsagelt (ft'odalisme) di tallit n Napolt'on. D anect-nni ay yeddjan ad d-tekker tmegzi (intelligentsia) talitwanit ay d-yeffghen
seg yifellah'en, di tama-ya. D acu kan, tama yellan s ddaw n udabu arusi ur d-yed'ri deg-s kra n ubeddel, bitt d annerni ay
yennerna deg-s lbat'el n temsagelt.
¬erd'en ad kksen
Yirusiyen isem n Litwanya si ccfawat n medden, dgha semman-as Severn-Zapadskij Kraj [asun n Ugafa-Utrim = territoire du Nord-Ouest].
Llan qqaren-d d akken tama-ya seg wasmi ay s-d-yecfa zzman ay tella d ah'ric si Rrus, d acu kan, wwin-tt Yipuluniyen u zer‚en
deg-s idles-nsen, deg mi ay yella ilaq ad d-tughal d tarusit "tikkelt nnid'en". Irusiyen ur sen-gin ara akk ccan i Yilitwaniyen,
amzun le‚mer' akk xliqen di ddunit. D acu kan, Litwanya ur tt-yenghi ara uh'ettem n tutlayt tarusit, yernu tkemmel tettaddam
tutlayt akk d yedles apuluni ugar n wakken tella zik-nni. Imi yiwen n we‚daw ay s‚an, dduklen Yipuluniyen d Yilitwaniyen mgal
n Rrus u msegman akken ad tt-qablen. D acu kan, anect-a yeddja Ilitwaniyen ad rren di rrif takti-nsen n azarug n Litwanya,
dgha ulac win d-yezgan mgal n wezra‚ n tutlayt tapulunit di Litwanya. Ma d "Ipuluniyen" n Vilnius, llan kkaten ghef les'lah'
akk d tlelli n Pulunya ugar n Yipuluniyen n Varsovie. Tarist'uqrat'it talitwanit yellan tettmeslay tapulunit tettekka mlih'
deg wesnerni n yedles apuluni, imi ay d-kkan seg-s at'as n yimura (t'crivains) am Adam Mickiewicz, Julius Slowacki, Ludwik
Kondratowicz, Wladyslaw Syrokomla, atg. D acu kan, xas wigi merr'a uran s tpulunit, taneffut (rr'uh') n tsekla-nsen tella
d talitwanit. Ala kra kan n yimura n tmegzi n tallit-nni ay yefkan azal i tutlayt-nsen tanes'lit, am Ksaveras Logusas/Lohusz,
Kazimieras Kantrimas/Kontrym akk d Leonas Uvainis, d acu kan wigi, ur sqedcen ara talitwanit di tsekla, wanag gan kan fell-as
tizrawin (t'tudes).
Cwit', cwit',
bdan Yilitwaniyen at yedles apuluni (wid akken yellan qqaren-as "gente Lituani, Natione Poloni" - Ilitwaniyen di las'el, d
Ipuluniyen di tghelnawt-) a ttxemmimen ghef lebni n weghlan (nation) alitwani ara yes‚un tapulunit d tutlayt-is. Ala kan d
ifellah'en-nni ur nettu ara tutlayt talitwanit ay imen‚en si tsertit n wezra‚ n tutlayt d yedles apuluni. Dgha, zzin-asen
merr'a wid yebghan ad tili tpulunit d tutlayt n tmurt akken ad qd'un fell-asen. Imrabd'en n Yir'umyen llan qqaren-d d akken
R'ebbi ur ifehhem ara talitwanit, dgha tiz'illa akk d dde‚wat ilaq ad d-ilint s tpulunit, yernu llan ula d imrabd'en ay sen-yugin
i medden ad gen aqirri (confession) s tlitwanit. ¬erd'en yifellah'en ad ttz'allan s tpulunit, d acu kan, ur llin ara fehhmen
tutlayt-a. Llan zzluguyen (sse‚wajen) awalen n tz'illa akk d dde‚wat alammi ay yughal wayen d-qqaren ur yettwafham ara. Deg
ugherbaz, yella yegdel ad mmeslayen s tlitwanit u la di tesgunfut (rt'crt'ation). Ibalmuden ara yemmeslayen s tutlayt-nsen llan
ttqasan-ten yiselmanden, yernu win ara d-yettuzenzen yemmeslay talitwanit, ad as-‚ellqen "tagalist n wekruked'" (plaque de
la honte) di temgerd't-is, yernu akken ara tt-yettawi alamma d asmi ara yett'ef ula d netta abalmud nnid'en ara yettmeslayen
s tlitwanit akken as-tt-i‚elleq.
Imi ay tettwah'qer tlitwanit di kul amkan (deg wakal n yimer'kantiyen, di teklizt, deg ugherbaz, atg.),
jerh'en yifellah'en di tneffut-nsen (tar'wih't), dgha ughalen ttseth'in s tutlayt-nsen tanes'lit yernu ssinifen-as, ur tt-ttmeslayen
ara di berr'a, deg yizenqan negh anda akk ay zemren ad asen-slen medden. Dgha ughalen ttwalin-tt d tutlayt kan n tenwalt (cuisine)
akk d udaynin ! Ma d tutlayt tapulunit tella d tutlayt umi meqqer ccan, d tin n zzux, dgha ughalen ughen medden tanumi ssekcamen-d
awalen n tpulunit deg wawal-nsen, mi ara ttmeslayen talitwanit. Llan ttxemmimen d akken awalen-agi "ttcebbih'en" yernu "sselhayen"
talitwanit. D acu kan, seg wakken llan sseqdacen at'as n wawalen n tpulunit, alammi ay kecmen wat'as seg-sen gher tlitwanit,
ughen az'ar deg-s. At'as seg wawalen-agi ur terri ara tmara ad d-ttwared'len si tpulunit, imi talitwanit tes‚a at'as n wawalen
ay ten-imutlen deg unamek.
Dgha, tughal
tlitwanit tazedgant ur nezmir ad tt-naf ala kan deg yimukan ay ibe‚den ghef temdinin, ghef wakal n yimer'kantiyen akk d teklizin,
imi imukan-agi merr'a tekcem-itent tutlayt tapulunit, yernu d ayen yessewhamen ma nenna-d d akken simmal yettili wemkan ur
yewwid' ara ghur-s welmud (leqraya), simmal tettili tlitwanit ay ttmeslayen deg-s d tin is'ehh'an yernu zeddiget.
Mbe‚d n tnekriwin
n 1831 d 1863, yexdem unabad' (gouvernement) arusi akken ara yeh'bes azra‚ n yedles d tutlayt tapulunit di Litwanya, u ad
d-yerr deg wemkan-nsen idles d tutlayt tarusit. Mbe‚d ma yerna ighewwaghen (rebelles) ay d-yekkren mgal n Rrus, ye‚zem umesnabad'-amatu
(gouverneur-gt'nt'ral) arusi Mixail Muraviev ad yeqd'e‚ idles d tutlayt tapulunit si Litwanya, ay yeddren ugar n 400 n yiseggasen
di tmurt-a. Yeghleq akk igherbazen ipuluniyen u yeldi deg wemkan-nsen igherbazen irusiyen. Si tama nnid'en yesnerna Muraviev
amd'an (nombre) n Yirusiyen ay izedghen di Litwanya, imi ay yella yettawi-d imdanen seg yimukan ibe‚den akk di Rusya u yettak-asen
ixammen d wayla n wid ay d-yekkren mgal n Rrus. Ma d ineggura-yagi, tenfa-ten Rusya si tmurt-nsen. Ye‚red' Muraviev ad yekkes
ula d agemmay-nni alatini yes‚an 300 n yiseggasen seg wasmi ara t-tesseqdac tlitwanit u ad yerr tutlayt-a tettaru s ugemmay
arusi, u yenna-d d akken agemmay alatini ilaq ad yettwakkes imi ay yella d agemmay n "Yipuluniyen". Dgha yefka lamer' akken
ad ughalen yedlisen merr'a n tutlayt talitwanit ad d-teffghen s ugemmay asirili (arusi), d acu kan medden ur llin ara ttaghen-d
idlisen-agi yernu llan sserghayen idlisen ay d asen-d-yettunefken bat'el. Akken ad ih'ettem medden ad ghren tutlayt-nsen s
ugemmay aberr'ani, yegdel (interdire) Muraivev assuffegh n tedlisen s tlitwanit yuran s ugemmay alatini. S wanect-a, yeqd'e‚-yasen
tuffgha i yedlisen merr'a n tlitwanit, d ayen werdjin ned'ri deg umezruy n wemd'al aneghrum (civilist'). D acu kan, anect-a
ur t-qbilen Yilitwaniyen yernu bdan ssuffughen-d idlisen di lberr'ani yernu llan yemsettiyen n yedlisen (trafiquants de livres),
wid umi qqaren s tlitwanit "knygne iai", ssekcamen-d s tuffra idlisen-agi gher Litwanya u ferrqen-ten ghef yemzenza (commerÁants).
Akka ay d-tebda tallit n id "knygne iai", d ayen werdjin nwala di kra n tmurt nnid'en di Turr'uft (Europe) n tallit-nni. Agdal
n yedl isen s tlitwanit yel‚eb ddur' d ameqqran deg umezruy n weghlan alitwani, idles-yines akk d tutlayt-is. Ayen akken akk
yexdem Muraviev akken ad d-yerr idles arusi deg wemkan n yedles apuluni di Litwanya ur yessawed' s acemma : s kra xedmen yimestulen
(gendarmes) akken ad h'ebsen imsettiyen n yedlisen ur yenfi‚ ara, imi idlisen s tutlayt tapulunit kemmlen keccmen-d gher Litwanya
yernu imzenza n yedlisen llant ttcur'ent th'una-nsen seg-sen.
Tazrirt (influence)
tapulunit ur tenqis ara wanag tennerna ugar. Lbat'el ay yella yes‚edday-it unabad' arusi ghef Yilitwaniyen, yesnerna aqerreb-nsen
gher tutlayt tapulunit, xas ma yella maci s anect-nni ay tt-iqas.
Xas talitwanit tettwakkes si tesnawit (lyct'e) yernu tella
a tettwakkas cwit', cwit' seg yigherbazen imenza, simmal ara ttnernin yifellah'en ay yellan lemmden-tt di tmurt, imi wigi
llan ‚ewwlen ad issinen ad ghren u ad arun. Asmi ay d asen-iga ubesku (t'vÍque) Motiejus Valanius ifadden akken ad lemden tira
d tghuri n tutlayt-nsen, bdan yifellah'en ad d-tgen s tuffra igherbazen imect'ah' n tutlayt talitwanit, u llan yiselmaden
(umi qqaren "direktoriai") teddun si tferka gher tayed' akken ad sseghren medden (taxedda‚t!) [akken llan ttwalin anect-a
Yirusiyen]. Igherbazen-agi semman-asen s tlitwanit "vargo mokyla" negh "igherbazen n lh'if". Yugh lh'al di tallit-nni, tt'uqqten
yigherbazen-agi n tmurt di Litwanya alammi ara ilin ‚eddan i wanect yellan d imdanen irusiyen di tmurt-a.
Anect-a yesskanay-d
d akken ifellah'en llan simmal ara d-ttakin d akken s‚an aghlan yernu ‚ewwlen ad nnaghen akken ad ten-id-ughalen yizerfan-nsen
u ad ten-id-tughal tutlayt-nsen tanes'lit. Dgha at'as n Yilitwaniyen ay yellan ur ttaddjan ara igerdan-nsen ad kecmen s agherbaz
n Uwanek (Etat) arusi alamma lemden ad ghren u ad arun talitwanit deg yigherbazen-agi uffiren. Yugh lh'al, di tallit-nni,
Ilitwaniyen yessnen ad ghren u ad arun llan tlata yiberdan kter' n Yirusiyen yessnen anect-a. Xas akken yettwagdel ussuffegh
n yedlisen s tlitwanit, amd'an n yedlisen ilitwaniyen yennerna s wat'as, yernu ula d isental-nsen (sujets) beddlen imi ay
yughal umur ameqqran deg yedlisen n tutlayt talitwanit yekkat-d di tsertit tarusit [azal n 80% seg-sen].
Ma di tlisa
tigmud'anin (ticerqiyin) n tama i deg yella yettidir wegdud alitwani [d tama ay iqerben gher Byilurusya], xas ‚erd'en kra
ad zer‚en dinna tutlayt tapulunit, ur ssawd'en ara imi di tama-yagi, d tutlayt tabyilurusit ay yes‚an tazrirt (influence).
Tutlayt tapulunit tettusexdam kan d tutlayt n welmud di tama-ya, di lweqt i deg agdud yesseqdac snat n tutlayin : talitwanit
akk d yebyilurusit. Yugh lh'al, tabyilurusit umi llan qqaren Yebyilurusiyen "tutlayt timserreh't" tella tif talitwanit deg
wat'as n tghawsiwin. Imi ay tella d tutlayt taslavit, teqreb gher tpulunit akk d trusit, tella tebyilurusit tenfe‚ medden.
Win yessnen tutlayt-a yezmer ad yefhem s tefses amrabed' n yir'umyen negh bab n wakal yettmeslayen s tpulunit negh digh lh'ekkam
yettmeslayen s trusit. Xas Pulunya teb‚ed ghef tama-yagi, maca Byilurusya teqreb-itt-id imi akal n Yilitwaniyen yella yes‚a
tilisa d win n Yebyilurusiyen. Ihi, imi ay ttmez'ran kullas d yinaragen-nsen (ldjiran), at'as n Yilitwaniyen ay d-ilemden
tabyilurusit, am akken tutlayt tabyilurusit teddem at'as n wawalen si tlitwanit u qqimen-d deg-s ar ass-a. D acu kan, anabad'
arusi yexdem akken ara yezre‚ tutlayt tabyilurusit deg Yilitwaniyen n tama-ya, imi ay yella yettwali tabyilurisit d tantala
kan (dialecte) n tutlayt tarusit.
(...)
Di tallit n Tutt'fa (Occupation) taberr'anit
(si 1945 d asawen):
Yebda-d Wemgaru
Amad'lan (tt'rad n ddunit) wis sin deg wass n 1u n Ctember', 1939. Amgaru ih'uza ah'ric meqqren seg wemd'al (ddunit) yernu
yengha ugar n 50 n yimelyunen n medden. Uqbel ma yebda-d wemgaru-yagi, yett'ef Hitler tama n Klaipeda [di lgherb n Litwanya]
deg wass n 22 Meghres 1939. Yugh lh'al, arkawal (pacte) ay iga V. Molotov akk d J. Ribbentrop deg wass n 23 Ghect akk d yepr'ut'ukulen
uffiren ay d-yeddan yid-s fran-d ayen ara d asent-yed'run i tmura tibaltiyin (baltiques) asmi ara yekker Wemgaru, dgha llant
gher lmut-nsent ay llant a teddunt, yernu Litwanya tella gar-asent. Deg wass n 19 Ctember', yekcem Yigen (armt'e) Azewwagh
arusi gher Vilnius, sakin merr'a tama-nni n Litwanya ay tella tett'ef-itt Pulunya [deg wenz'ul-sud n Litwanya] teghli ger
n yifassen n Rrus. Mi d-kecmen Yirusiyen, h'esben tama-ya amzun di telli d tama n we‚daw, dgha ukren yernu rz'an s kra n wayen
umi zemren. At'as n yimezdaghen ay wwin gher tkurmut (lh'ebs) yernu llan a d-ssewjaden ad d-sbedden "tanemlit" (socialisme)
di tama-ya.
Amtawa (traitt') n 10 Tuber' 1939 i lmend n wem‚iwen ger
n Litwanya akk d Tdukli Tasuvyatit (URSS), yerra-yas-d i Litwanya tamaneght-is Vilnius, am akken ara d as-d-yerra azal n tis
reb‚a si tama-nni ay d as-tett'ef naqal Pulunya [yernu tughal imir-n n Tdukli Tasuvyatit]. Ma d ayen d-iqqimen si tama-ya,
yerna-tt Stalin gher tegduda tanemlayt (socialiste) tasuvyatit n Byilurusya ay yellan d ah'ric si Tdukli Tasuvyatit.
Amtawa-yagi
msefhament deg-s snat-agi n tmura akken ad tessers Tdukli Tasuvyatit Igen-yines Azewwagh (Armt'e Rouge) deg wakal alitwani
"si le‚d'il" : yugh lh'al, asmi ay teqbel aya Litwanya, tessekcem-d a‚daw s axxam ur te‚lim. Tama n Vilnius ay d as-d-yughalen
i Litwanya ur tedjhid ara tdamsa-yines (t'conomie) akken tedjhed tin n tmiwa nnid'en n tmurt yernu yella yew‚er' ghef Litwanya
ad terr tama-yagi am tmiwa merr'a n tmurt. Ixess'aren ay yexdem wezra‚ n tutlayt tapulunit di Litwanya bdan ttbanen-d imir-n.
At'as si medden-nni ay yellan qqaren-d d akken d Ipuluniyen ay llan ughalen ddjan mad'i tutlayt-nsen tanes'lit, dgha ‚erd'en
ad tt-lemden yernu bdan qqaren-tt deg yigherbazen ilitwaniyen d yigherbazen nnid'en. Ma d Ipuluniyen gan akk ayen umi zemren
akken ad kemmlen azra‚ n tpulunit u ad yeqqim waya akken yella di tallit n tutt'fa (occupation) tapulunit.
At'as n tudrin
tilitwaniyin ay yeddan deg weh'ric-nni n Litwanya ay yettunefken i Byilurusya. Anabad' abulcivi (bolcht'vique) ir'eggem-asen
i Yilitwaniyen-agi ad ten-yeddj ad ughalen gher Litwanya timziregt (indt'pendante). Dgha, swejden iman-nsen yimezdaghen n tudrin-agi
akken ad giddjen u ad ughalen gher tmurt-nsen, d acu kan, yeqqim unabad' yettseggir (reporter) ass i deg ara r'uh'en alammi
d asmi ay tt'fen Yibulciviyen (bolcht'viques) tamurt n Litwanya s timmad-is.
Ger waya d wayen nnid'en, imenghi yella izehher di Turr'uft
tutrimt (tagherbit). Almaniyen llan sseghlayen timura ta sdeffir ta. Di tazwara n Yunyu 1940, yufa-ten-id lh'al qerrben yagi
gher Paris. Mi ten-walan Yibulciviyen rebbh'en, ula d nitni bghan "ad gen kra". Dgha sbubben-asent i tmura tibaltiyin ayen
ur xdiment, sakin uznen-asent Igen Azewwagh akken ad tent-yett'ef. S tin n yighil ay d asent-yettwakkes uzarug-nsent i tmura-yagi.
D acu kan, akken ad fken Yisuvyatiyen lh'eq i yiman-nsen, gan-d tifranin n tkellax. Timenza, d tid n Weswir n Wegdud Abulcivi
(CongrŤs du Peuple bolcht'vique) -i deg ulac imazwaren n tenmegla (candidats d'opposition)-, tiyad' d tid n weqbal n unekcum
n Liwanya s "lebghi-yines" gher Umenkud (Empire) n Stalin (deg wass n 3 Ghect 1940). Dgha asmi ay tughal Litwanya d ah'ric
si Tdukli Tasuvyatit, ughalent-as-d snat n tmiwa timect'ah' si tid-nni ay yefka Stalin i Byilurusya. Tamenzut d tama ay d-yezzin
ghef Druskininkai akk d Marcinkonys, ma d ti s snat, d tin d-yezzin ghef Svencionys, Mielagenai, Adutiskis akk d Tverecius
(deg wegmud' -ccerq n tmurt). Yugh lh'al, di timiwa-yagi merr'a, tuget tameqqrant seg yimezdaghen d Ilitwaniyen.
Akken kan tekcem
Litwanya gher Tdukli Tasuvyatit, teghli di tsertit n uh'ettem n yedles asuvyati ghef Yilitwaniyen. Tamurt-nni ay d-yettwabnan
s lh'if di 20 n yiseggasen [1920-1940, tallit i deg tewwi Litwanya azarug-is] hudden-tt Yisuvatiyen deg yiwet n teswi‚t. Sakin
yewwed'-d rrebrab (terreur) akk d wenfay n medden si rrif gher Sibirya, xas ini-as tewwed'-d tallit n ussenger n wegdud. Yugh
lh'al, imir-n ay bdan leqdic-nsen yimalalen (im‚iwnen) n Stalin ay iz'ewren deg uhuddu n yegduden. Dgha hudden idles n tmurt
yernu at'as n yedlisen ay sserghen, yernu imir-n kan, di 1940, ay d-yebda uhuddu n weghlan alitwani akk d tutlayt-is, d ahuddu
ara yeqqimen 50 n yiseggasen.
Tesr'uh' tutlayt talitwanit az'ayer (statut) ay tt-ih'erzen,
dgha seg yimir-n ay d-tegra ger n yifassen n yiberr'aniyen ay werdjin bghan-tt ad tili. Yesskcem-d unabad' asuvyati asselmed
icekd'en (enseignement acct'lt'rt') n trusit am wakken ay d-yessekcem awalen ibulciviyen di tutlayt talitwanit. Ghef umedya,
awal alitwani "ponas" (Ms. Mas) ay yettuseqdacen i usiwel yettwakkes, u rran-d deg wemkan-is awal "draugas" (ameddakel-camarade)
yernu ismawen n yeghsuren (t'tablissements), n tuddsiwin (organisations), n yizenqan akk d yeghmisen, atg. beddlen-ten akken
ara d-azgin akk d umawal abulcivi.
Yugh lh'al,
awalen ay d-yekkan si trusit nnernan s wat'as di tallit-nni.
Rrebrab i d-yeghlin ghef Yilitwaniyen yeh'bes asmi ay d-tesseghret
(dt'clarer) Lalman amgaru ghef Rusya, dgha ghilen medden d akken d anect-a ara ten-id-yessuffghen. Kar'uh ay ker'hen imennekcamen
yessawed'-iten ad refden leslah' mgal-nsen. D acu kan, mi yettaxer yiwen n we‚daw, yusa-d wayed' deg wemkan-is : mi yeffegh
wahes (djihennama) azewwagh, ikcem-d wahes aghewwal (brun) deg wemkan-is, yernu aneggaru-ya yeddja-d ledjruh' imaynuten deg
wegdud alitwani am akken yessenger qrib akk Uwdayen n Litwanya. Di Litwanya, sbedden-d Walmaniyen Agezdu Amatu Alitwani (General-Bezirk
Litauen) i deg sseddan igezda n Asmena (Osmyany) akk d Svyriai (Svir) ay yefka Stalin i Byilurusya, d acu kan, ur d-sseddan
ara yid-s igezda n Druskininkai akk d Marcinkonys, ay d as-yettunefken i Prusya tagmud'ant (tacerqit).
D acu kan,
xas akken ttwassnen Walmaniyen s lbat'el-nsen, ur d asen-gdilen ara i Yilitwaniyen ad ldin igherbazen-nsen di Litwanya tagmud'ant
(tacerqit), d yiwet n tama ay yer'wan lh'if si zik seg unekcum n tutlayin tislaviyin ghur-s imi werdjin llin yigherbazen ilitwaniyen
dinna, yernu imezdaghen n tama-ya llan ttuh'ettmen akken ad lemden ala kan tapulunit negh tarusit. D anect-nni ay yeddjan
agdud alitwani ad d-yaki di tama-yagi i ghef "d-id'all lxir n R'ebbi". Kra n medden dindin kan mmektin-d talitwanit-nni ay
llan ttmeslayen-tt yimawlan akk d lejdud-nsen, di lweqt i deg wiyad', ‚awden lemmden-tt si swadda. D acu kan, nesh'issif imi
anect-a yakk cewwlen-t Yipuluniyen yernu ‚erd'en amek ara t-sh'ebsen. Yugh lh'al, ighallen n wezbu (rt'sistance) n "Armija
Krajowa" llan a ttnaghen am yizmawen mgal n yiserdasen n Hitler, d acu kan, di Litwanya tagmud'ant, bdan-d yiwet n lh'emla
n rrebrab akk d tekrid't (violence) mgal n yimezdaghen ilitwaniyen n tama-nni ur nselleh' ara. D anect-a ay yesh'ebsen taneffut
(rr'uh') n ussider alitwani deg wat'as n yimukan n tama-yagi, yernu di kra seg yimukan-a, ur tughal ara akk tlitwanit ad tettwahder'.
Asmi ay ifuk wemgaru, d ixut'ay kan n medden ay yellan s‚an tabghest (courage) di tama-nni akken ad d-inin d akken d
Ilitwaniyen ay llan.
Asmi ay yejbed
iman-is yigen almani si Litwanya, ughalen-d Yibulciviyen tikkelt nnid'en gher tmurt, deg unebdu n 1944, dgha at'as n medden
ay irewlen s Atram (Lgherb) imi ay ugaden lemmer ad ughalen "Yemzurgen-agi" (libt'rateurs) gher leqdic-nsen n rrebrab
n zik-nni : ugaden lemmer ad d-yughal wenfay n medden gher Sibirya yernu ad tech'en fell-asen NKVD. Dgha, wid-n irewlen d'em‚en
ad awd'en s ighallen s Marikan negh Brit'anya u ad d-ughalen dindin kan gher tmurt-nsen [imi ay ssarmen ad ten-‚iwnen Wutrimen-Igherbiyen-
akken ad ssuffghen Isuvyatiyen si tmurt-nsen].
D acu kan,
yughal rr'wah'-nsen i‚ett'el at'as yernu at'as seg-sen ur d-nughal ara gher tmurt-nsen, qqimen di lgherba alammi d asmi mmuten.
Ssarmen Yilitwaniyen d akken asmi ara rnun Yemsisan (Allit's) Lalman, ad asent-d-yughal uzarug-nsent i tmura tibaltiyin [timura
ay d-yuzgan ghef yilel Abalti : Litwanya, Litt'unya akk d Ist'unya], akken ay d-yenna Werkawal Atlanti (Charte Atlantique)
di 1941. D acu kan, Utrimen (Igherbiyen) isehh'er-iten Stalin u d anect-nni ay ten-yeddjan ad ssumlen kan (dt'ononcer) ayen
xedmen Yinaziyen, wanag ayen xedmen Yibulciviyen qeblen-t u ddjan Stalin ad yesserwet ddunit akken yebgha.
Atan ihi wamek ay tufa tbulcivit -tasnakta-yagi tasedmart
(rt'actionnaire)- amek ara teqqim di ddunit u ad d-teghd'el rrebrab akk d lbat'el meqqren i wach'al n yiseggasen ghef tmura
ay terra gher ddaw n tecd'ad't-is. Litwanya tella tteddu akken ad tes‚eddi yiwet n tallit d taberkant s ddaw n wanect-a yernu
ayen yed'ran deg-s yew‚er' ad t-id-neh'ku. D igiman (milliers) n Yilitwaniyen ay yettu‚ettben di tkurmutin (leh'bas) akk d
yigulagen, igriren-nni (camps) wughur llan snejma‚en imenfiyen, yernu at'as deg-sen ay yemmuten imeghrasen (martyrs) deg yimukan-a.
Tafellah't talitwanit
ihudd-itt wesmezdi (collectivisation) ay d-yettuh'ettmen ghef Yilitwaniyen. Maca ayen yugaren aya netta d ahuddu n tneffut
(rr'uh') n wegdud alitwani s tkerkas (lekdeb) ay llan sselmaden-tent Yibulciviyen, d ah'ettem n tiddjin n ddin d lefsad i
yes d-igellu waya di tt'bi‚a n medden akk d we‚zal n Litwanya ghef tmura nnid'en n ddunit.
Tamurt tbedd deg wudem n umennekcam yernu yebda-d yimenghi
iwe‚r'en. Irgazen imalayen (meilleurs) r'uh'en gher tz'egwa (leghwabi) dgha yebda-d wemgaru n yimughal (guerre des partisans).
Xas akken txuss'-iten tallalt (lem‚awna) si lberr'ani, isemtaren (conseillers), tizudar tiserdasiyin (bases militaires) akk
d yemrigen itraren (armes modernes), imnaghen (imjuhad) Ilitwaniyen ssawd'en ad nnaghen ugar n 8 yiseggasen mgal n Yigen Azewwagh,
win akken umi qqaren "igen ur nettwerna". Sakin, uznen-asen-d Yisuvyatiyen Amatu (gt'nt'ral) P. Vetrov, d amenghay ameqqran
ay yettwassnen yagi s wenfay n Yitcitciniyen akk d Yenguciyen si Quqaz, akk d usuffegh n Yitatar'en si Krimya. Imnaghen Ilitwaniyen
ay yettwatt'fen s ddaw n leh'kem-is, llan tekksen-asen ayla-nsen yernu tt‚elliqen-ten, tikwal mazal-iten d imuddiren, berr'a
i temdint negh di tsenbert tazayezt (place publique) akken ad ssugden yis-sen medden. Tesr'uh' Litwanya seg wemgaru akk d
tutt'fa taberr'anit tis tlata seg wegdud-is , di lweqt i deg Pulunya tesr'uh' kan tis setta. Agdud alitwani ay ineqsen, kecmen-t-id
yigiman (milliers) n yiberr'aniyen ay d-yusan seg Wegmud' (Ccerq), yernu ughalen d nitni ay ih'ekmen deg yimezdaghen ines'liyen
n tmurt. Yernu, iberr'aniyen-agi ur fkin ara akk azal i yedles akk d wansayen ilitwaniyen am akken llan ttcemmiten di tutlayt
talitwanit.
Ters-d citt'ah'
n l‚afya asmi ay yemmut Stalin, asmi ay d-tebda tallit-nni n "wefsay n wegris" n yiseggasen n 1950. D acu kan, ur t‚ett'el
ara dde‚wa tesbek, asmi ay tennerna tezmert n wid yellan ghef uqerru n Ukabar Amezdukli (parti communiste). Wigad-agi ttwassnen
s ucemmet-nsen i umezruy alitwani yernu ‚erd'en ad rren Ilitwaniyen h'eqren iman-nsen, ttseth'in s las'el-nsen akken ad ten-rren
d Irusiyen. Ma d aghlan alitwani yeqdec dima akken ad asen-yessexreb i wigi ayen llan bghan ad as-t-xedmen, yernu tella Litwanya
di tallit-nni tugar akk timura nnid'en n Tdukli Tasuvyatit deg wanect ay d-tessuffugh d idlisen akk d yeghmisen uffiren, yernu
tugar timiwa nnid'en awwi tes‚a n yimez'layen (dissidents).
Tutt'fa taberr'anit th'uza at'as Litwanya tagmud'ant (tacerqit).
Yugh lh'al, Ibulciviyen beddlen tilisa yellan ger n Byilurusya akk d Litwanya. Dgha ttunefken-as i Rusya, wasunen (districts)
n Smolensk, Novel akk d Starodub d wiyad', ay yellan si zik d ah'ric si Byilurusya, ma d talast n Byilurusya telh'a-d gher
Wetram (lgherb) u tettca-d seg wakal n wegdud alitwani. Asunen n Asmena (Osmyany) akk d Svyriai (Svir) ttwakksen-as i Litwanya
di lweqt i deg ah'ric-nni n Druskininkai-Marcinkonys ay tt'fen Walmaniyen deg wemgaru, akk d tama n Klaipeda rran-ten-id i
Litwanya. Amtawa (le‚qed) n 1944 ger n Tdukli Tasuvyatit akk d Pulunya, yeddja azal n 200.000 n yemdanen ad r'uh'en si Litwanya
gher Pulunya, tuget deg-sen d Ipuluniyen ay yellan zedghen di tama n Vilnius. D acu kan, llan gar-asen digh wat'as n Yilitwaniyen
ay yes‚eddan iman-nsen d Ipuluniyen akken ad rewlen si rrebrab n Stalin. Akken kan ffghen akk wigi, usan-d yiberr'aniyen akken
ad awin imukan-nsen di Litwanya. Di lweqt i deg tuget n Yirusiyen llan ttr'uh'un ad zedghen di temdinin n Litwanya, tamurt
llan keccmen-tt-id Yebyilurusiyen ay d-yekkan si tmiwa n Byilurusya ay iqerben gher Litwanya yernu nneghlen-d s wat'as ghef
tama n Vilnius, anda ay ughalen semman i yiman-nsen "Ipuluniyen". Di tizi n 1950, ixemmem Stalin d akken azra‚ n yedles d
tutlayt talitwanit di tama n Vilnius yezga-d mgal n yeyraten (intt'rÍts) Isuvyatiyen, dgha yebda udabu yettara igherbazen ilitwaniyen
(akk d yigherbazen irusiyen !) d igherbazen n tutlayt tapulunit.
Dgha imir-n
ay d-yebda uh'ettem n tutlayt tapulunit di tama n Vilnius u yella-d d amekrad' (violent) ugar n wakken t-xedmen Yipuluniyen
di tallit i deg tt'fen tama-ya i deg ay d as-fkan Yibulciviyen tiyita is'ehh'an i tneffut (rr'uh') talitwanit. Deg wat'as
n yimukan i deg medden merr'a llan ttmeslayen, negh meqqar fehhmen talitwanit ughalen ala kan d imgharen ay yecfan ghef tutlayt-a.
Ghef umedya, ghef leh'sab n tesnadent (statistiques) n 1933, azal n 90% seg yimezdaghen n tama n Paskonys ay yellan ttmeslayen
talitwanit, di lweqt i deg di 1979, ur wwid'en ara 30% n medden ay d-yennan d akken d Ilitwaniyen ay llan, ma di tama n Dieveniskes,
ay yellan d "talitwanit" ugar n tmezwarut-nni, ala kan 19% seg yimezdaghen-is ay d-yeqqimen ttmeslayen tutlayt-nsen. Takard'a
(carte) n yegduden tella tettbeddil udem. D acu kan, xas deg yimukan i deg tenger tlitwanit, llan mazal medden tt'fen deg
wansayen ilitwaniyen: yugh lh'al maza l llan Yilitwaniyen xeddmen imidagen (croix) rrif n yiberdan (u llan ttruz'un-tent Yibulciviyen
deg wat'as n yemd'iqen), mazal-iten z'ett'en icett'id'en, tisefd'in (serviettes) akk d tfers'uday n tadud't s rrqem alitwani,
mazal-iten tezz'un tibh'irin n yijeddjigen, ur ibeddel ara wamek xeddmen tafellah't am wakken ur beddlen ara wansayen-nsen,
cfan ghef tmucuha-nsen, tineflusin-nsen (superstitions) akk d kra si tesneqqist-nsen (mythologie).
Anz'ul agmud'an
(sud-est) n Litwanya yughal d tu‚bint (mosaÔque) n tutlayin. Yughal d awezghi ad tafed' din win yessnen kan yiwet n tutlayt
yernu di tallit n tutt'fa taberr'anit r'eb‚a n tutlayin ay yellan ttuseqdacent di tama-ya. Gher tama n tutlayin timens'abin
(officielles), talitwanit akk d trusit, tella tebyilurusit "ica‚en" (tin ssnen akk medden dinna) akk d tpulunit (polszczyzna
litewska) mazal s‚ant ddur' meqqren di tama-ya. Yugh lh'al, tapulinit n tama-ya isker ay temgerrad ghef tin ay ttmeslayen
di Pulunya, yernu ttmeslayen-tt ama di tmiwa n tutlayt talitwanit, ama di tid n tutlayt tabyilurusit. Ala kan d wid yeghran
ay yellan ttmeslayen tapulunit tizeght (standard). Di tmiwa-yagi, at'as n medden ay yellan ttmeslayen tutlayt ur nelli d tutlayt-nsen
tanes'lit. Ar ass-a, seg wakken tt'uqqtent tutlayin ay ttmeslayen di tama-yagi n Litwanya alammi ay yew‚er' ad neg tilisa
gar-asent sufella n tkard'a tasnilsit (linguistique). Akken ad ssersen tilisa ger n tama akk d tayed', imassanen ttwalin gher
tutlayt tanes'lit ay tesseqdac tuget di medden di yal tama. Ghef waya ur a d-teddu ara trusit di tkard'iwin tisnilsiyin, imi
tutlayt-a d nettat ay d taneggarut ay d-yewwd'en gher Litwanya yernu ala kan mbe‚d n wemgaru ay tezre‚ di tmurt-a u tuget
deg wid ay tt-yesseqdacen s‚an tutlayt nnid'en, tin yellan d tanes'lit-nsen. Yugh lh'al, ala kan d iminigen iberr'aniyen,
ay d-yusan ad zedghen di Litwanya, ay yes‚an tarusit d tutlayt-nsen tanes'lit.
Mbe‚d n wemgaru,
Ilitwaniyen ay yeddren di tama-nni ay yettunefken i Byilurusya s‚eddan lh'if yugaren win ay s‚eddan watmaten-nsen n Litwanya.
Akken kan i‚edda wemgaru, ttwaghelqen akk yigherbazen ilitwaniyen. Ldin deg wemkan-nsen igherbazen ibyilurusiyen (ay yughalen
sakin d irusiyen), yernu yella yegdel ghef yibalmuden ad mmeslayen talitwanit ula di tesgunfut, swaswa akken yella lh'al di
tallit n tutt'fa tarusit, di lqern wis 19. Assuffegh n yedlisen akk d yeghmisen s tlitwanit yettwah'bes. Anermis (contact)
akk d Litwanya yughal yew‚er' yernu yettwargel webrid i wembaddel adelsan ger n Yilitwaniyen n tama-ya akk d wid n Litwanya.
Leqdic n Teklizt yettwah'bes mad'i yernu amrabed' n yir'umyen alitwani aneggaru di Byilurusya yettwabbez (arrÍter) akken kan
ifuk wemgaru.
Ilitwaniyen
n tama-ya llan tth'ettimen-ten ad ssiggzen (ad mmer'kin) iman-nsen d Ibyilurusiyen negh d Ipuluniyen negh d Irisiyen akken
ad yizdig wemd'iq-agi seg wegdud alitwani. Ass-a, mi ara rzun yimesnilsiyen (linguistes) gher kra n tudrin n tama-ya (anda
ay ttmeslayen kra n tduntalyin -sous-dialectes- tiqdimin ay yuklalen ad ttwassnent), ttafen tikwal d akken amdan aneggaru
ay yellan mazal yessen talitwanit din yemmut azal kan n useggas negh sin.
Ilitwaniyen ay yeddren deg wasunen n Punsk, Sejny akk d
yiwen n weh'ric n Suwalki -d timiwa ay yettunefken i Pulunya- ur ten-ih'uza yara lh'if ay ih'uzan wid n tmiwa nnid'en. Dgha,
nemgal (contrairement) n watmaten-nsen ay yeddren di Tdukli Tasuvyatit, wigi ur ten-yennul rrebrab n Stalin wala asmedzi yettuh'ettmen
am akken ur ttuh'ettmen ara akken ad qeblen ansayen ibulciviyen, tarasred't (atht'isme) d wayen akk h'ettmen Yisuvyatiyen ghef
wegdud alitwani di Litwanya. D acu kan, ula di Pulunya ur llin ara yigherbazen ilitwaniyen di tazwara. Alammi d iseggasen
n 1950 ay ddjan talitwanit ad tettuselmed, yernu tella tettuselmad kan s yisem-is d tanga (matiŤre), sakin bdan kra n yigherbazen
sselmaden tangiwin merr'a s tlitwanit u di 1956, teldi yiwet n tesnawit (lyct'e) talitwanit di Punsk. Naqal llant lxet'bat
akk n teklizt ttwaxdament s tpulunit sakin tughal-d tlitwanit gher kra n teklizin n tama-yagi. Si 1957 ay s‚an Yilitwaniyen
n Pulunya tiddukla-nsen tadelsant yernu ssuff ughen-d aghmis-nsen umi qqaren Ausra (Tafejrit). D acu kan, ula d nitni ur mni‚en
ara si tesmez'lit (discrimination) imi ay yella yettwagdel-asen ad mmeslayen s tlitwanit deg yimukan izuyaz (lieux publics)
alammi 1950, am wakken ur ten-id-is'ah' ara ad mmeslayen s tutlayt-nsen deg usawal alammi d 1990.
Tama n Klaipeda
[ay d-yuzgan deg wetram-lgherb n Litwanya] tent'err mlih' seg wemgaru, imi tuget akk deg yimezdaghen-is wwin-ten Walmaniyen
gher tmiwa ibe‚den n Lalman yernu at'as seg Yilitwaniyen-agi deg Wetram ay qqimen asmi ay yefra wemgaru. Ma wid ay d-yeqqimen
di tama-ya, nfan-ten Yisuvyatiyen gher Sibirya. Dgha ala citt'ah' kan seg yimezdaghen ines'liyen n Klaipeda ay d-yeqqimen
di tama-ya. ¬erd'en ad gen yimesnilsiyen (linguistes) tizrawin (t'tudes) ghef tutlayt-nsen am akken zerwen tiduntalyin n Litwanya
tagmud'ant (tacerqit) imi ay s‚ant azal meqqren deg wezraw n tutlayt tahendur'ufit (indo-europt'en).
Ilitwaniyen
n Prusya Tagmud'ant (tacerqit) ssarmen ad tettwaqqen tama-nsen gher Litwanya mi ara yefru wemgaru u ad ifak lh'if fell-asen,
d acu kan, tin yexdem deg-sen Stalin ur txulef ara tin yexdem deg Walmaniyen, dgha yebda-d rrebrab. D Almaniyen negh Ilitwaniyen,
llan ssuffughen-ten-id merr'a Yisuvyatiyen seg yexxamen-nsen akken ad ten-nghen di lbat'el. Yeghli-d laz' ghef tama-yagi merr'a
yernu yebda-d ussenger n wegdud-is. Deg Usarag (conft'rence) n Potsdam, tettwafreq Prusya Tagmud'ant (Tacerqit) ger n Tdukli
Tasuvyatit akk d Pulunya. Dgha yefka Stalin ah'ric-nni asuvyati i Tfidir'alit Tarusit, xas akken ur tt-crikent ara tlisa akk
d tama-yagi, yernu dindin kan wwd'en-d Yirusiyen akken ad zedghen deg-s. Yugh lh'al, asmi ay tettwaqqen tama-ya [umi qqaren
ass-a Kaliningrad] gher Rrus, sr'uh'en Yilitwaniyen tilisa-nsen akk d Walmaniyen, mbe‚d ma llan d inaragen (ldjiran) ugar
n 700 n yiseggasen, dgha ufan-d Yilitwaniyen iman-nsen zzin-asen-d Yeslaviyen si yal tama. ¬erd'en Yibulciviyen ad asen-skecmen
i medden takti d akken Prusya Tagmud'ant tella d tama taslavit si zzman aqdim (d ayen yellan d azulal -absurde). Ttubeddlen
yismawen n yemd'iqen n tama-ya akken ara cabin gher yismawen irusiyen am wakken ay d-kecmen yismawen irusiyen di yal amkan.
Fkan Yisuvyatiyen ismawen irusiyen i yemd'iqen yellan s‚an ismawen icuban talmanit, am beddlen ismawen ilitwaniyen d yeprusiyen
[ay d-yekkan si tutlayt taprusit taqdimt ay icuban talitwanit], ay d-yeqqimen si zzman aqdim yernu ula d ismawen n yisafen
ttubeddlen u qlil kan sanda yed'ra waya deg umezruy n ddunit.
Ma d Ipuluniyen,
ula d nitni d'efren tasertit-nni n Yisuvyatiyen deg "umur-nsen" n Prusya Tagmud'ant. Dgha at'as n yismawen n yemd'iqen ilitwaniyen
ay kksen u rran deg wemkan-nsen ismawen ipuluniyen, yernu snegren talitwanit n Prusya Tagmud'ant, d tutlayt ay yes‚an ddur'
meqqren di tlalit n tutlayt talitwanit tizeght (standard) n wass-a.
Ass-a, at'as
n Yilitwaniyen ara yettidiren berr'a i tmiwa n wegdud alitwani: wigi d arraw n wid-n akken irewlen deg wemgaru, wid yettwanfan
d wiyad'. Ger n 30.000 d 40.000 n Yilitwaniyen ara yettidiren di Litt'unya [d tamurt iqerben gher Litwanya], di Byilurusya
nezmer ad naf ma cwit' 10.000 n Yilitwaniyen, ma di Rusya, ugar 100.000 n Yilitwaniyen ay yellan (tuget deg-sen n imenfiyen
akk d warraw-nsen, d acu kan, at'as seg-sen ay d-yughalen gher Litwanya), u ad ilin ahat azal n 20.000 negh n 30.000 n Yilitwaniyen
deg wayen d-yegran si tegdudyin [tiqburin] n Tdukli Tasuvyatit. Berr'a i Litwanya, ula d yiwen n ugherbaz alitwani ur yeldi
di tmiwa nnid'en n Tdukli Tasuvyatit. D anect-nni ay yeddjan amd'an n wid yettmeslayen talitwanit ad yenqes s l‚ejlan.
Berr'a i tlisa
n Tdukli Tasuvyatit, yerna wemd'an n yiminigen imi ay d-wwd'en yiminigen imaynuten, tuget deg-sen llan si tmegzi (intelligentsia)
negh si tedghert (t'lite) talitwanit. Wigi m‚awanen wagar-asen u ttekkan deg wat'as n leqdicat idelsanen, ladgha wid-n akken
yettidiren deg Yiwunak Yedduklen n Temrikt (USA). Dgha ssuffghen-d at'as n yedlisen akk d yeghmisen, yernu ger wigi akk, llan
yedlisen d yeghmisen yerzan tutlayt talitwanit. Lemmer ad d-njemmel akk iminigen yellan ass-a deg Yiwunak Yedduklen, ama d
iqburen negh d imaynuten, ad ten-naf wwd'en s amelyun, d acu kan, ala kan tis tlata deg-sen ahat ay d-mazal ssnen ad mmeslayen
talitwanit. At'as n Yilitwaniyen ay yettidiren digh di Brizil (azal n 50.000), di Ter'jentint (azal n 35.000), di Kanada (azal
n 30.000), di Ustr'alya (azal n 10.000) akk d wanda nnid'en. Deg yemd'iqen-agi merr'a, talitwanit kecment-tt-id tutlayin n
tmura-ya, dgha tughal temxallaf citt' g hef tin ay ttmeslayen di Litwanya.
Asmi yefra wemgaru,
tutlayt talitwanit s timmad-is tes‚edda tagnit n lh'if s ddaw n udabu asuvyati. Ah'ettem n unnejli, anfay si tmurt, igriren
n wesnejme‚ (camps de concentrations) n yimeh'bas akk d ussenger n wegdud ... anect-a yakk yessenqes s tis tlata amd'an
n wid yettmeslayen s tlitwanit. Yugh lh'al, ula d inurar i deg tezmer tlitwanit ad tettuseqdec neqsen. Ur tettuseqdac di tghawsiwin
n tesnassaght (diplomatie), wala deg yigen, yernu tella simmal ttaddjan-tt deg yinurar nnid'en n unabad' (gouvernement). Ula
d asseqdec-yines azayez (usage public) yenqes s l‚ejlan. Tamenzut, tughal ur a tettuseqdac ara deg Ukabar Amezdukli (Parti
Communiste) akk d tedbelt (administration), sakin, tughal maci d tutlayt n teywalt (communication) ger n yigezda (dt'partement),
ddjan-tt yeghsuren imens'aben (t'tablissements officiels) yernu di tgara, teffegh ula seg yinurar n temguri (industrie) d leqdic,
seg waddal akk d yimez'la n tghiwant (services communaux). Anda ma teddid', d tarusit ara yettawin amkan n tlitwanit. Tikwal,
mi ara yebghu Ulitwani ad as-yaru i Ulitwani nnid'en ay iqeddcen di kra n weghsur, s trusit ara d as-yaru. At'as n yimesnarayen
(bureaucrates) ilitwaniyen imeqqranen ay yettwakksen u rran-d deg yimukan-nsen Irusiyen. Xas ‚eddan ghef Yirusiyen-agi ugar
n ‚ecrin n yiseggasen n leqdic, werdjin lemden ad mmeslayen talitwanit yernu ula d "azul" ur ssinen ara ad t-inin i wab‚ad'
s tutlayt-a. Dgha yughal d awezghi ad yesseqdec wemdan talitwanit deg wat'as n yeghsuren.
Ddur' n tlitwanit
yenqes di tghamsa, di rr'adyu akk d tilibizyu u yenqes ula deg ugherbaz yernu cwit', cwit' ara tettwakkas tlitwanit si tkadimit.
Ah'ettem n tutlayt tarusit yughal yedjhed ugar n wakken yella di tallit n Utzar' (tsar). Ayen i gher ur yessawed' ara udabu
atzar'i (tsariste) ad t-yexdem deg yiwen n lqern, ssawd'en Yibulciviyen ad t-xedmen di kra kan n tmerwatin (dt'cades).
Ughalen Yilitwaniyen
merr'a ssnen u sseqdacen snat n tutlayin. Maca nnig waya, ‚erd'en Yibulciviyen amek ara d-sseknen d akken azra‚ n tutlayt
tarusit yes‚a lfayda tussnant (scientifique). Dgha snulfan-d tiz'ri (tht'orie) n "wesdukel" n yegduden akk d tutlayin [akken
ad ughalen yimezdaghen n Tdukli Tasuvyatit merr'a ad ttmeslayen s yiwet kan n tutlayt]. Di 1979, yettwaxdem usarag "amusnaw"
[ghef tutlayt] di Tackent [tamaneght n Tadjikistan], u seg yimir-n ay yesnerna udabu asuvyati s kra n wayen ay izemren ad
i‚iwen tutlayt tarusit akken ad tezre‚ di Litwanya. Yewwed' udabu alammi ay yessekcem tarusit s almaten n yigerdan (jardins
d'enfants) n Litwanya yernu tughal tlitwanit tes‚a kan amkan n tutlayt "taz'iyant" (rt'gionale), amkan n tutlayt tis snat u
ir'uh'-as wazal-nni ay tella tes‚a-t di tmurt-is, ghur wegdud-is.
At'as n Yilitwaniyen
ay yellan ttmeslayen tarusit xir n tlitwanit yernu teh'bes tanneflit tamagnut (dt'veloppement normal) n tutlayt talitwanit.
Llan wid i‚erd'en -yernu ‚emmden- amek ara sqerben talitwanit gher trusit, di lweqt i deg kra, nnan-d d akken werdjin tedder
tlitwanit di tegnit n liser akken tella tettidir s ddaw n Yibulciviyen. Yugh lh'al, assekcem n tutlayt tarusit gher Litwanya
yettwaxdem mebla taksent (contrŰle) yernu yegla-d s yixess'aren imeqqranen ghef tutlayt talitwanit deg yinurar merr'a i deg
tella tettuseqdac. Wid-n akken ay tezrer (influencer) trusit s wat'as wwd'en alammi ara ttmeslayen talitwanit s weghdebbu
(accent) arusi yernu tughal tlitwanit-agi n weghdebbu arusi nezmer ad tt-nsel ama di temliliyin negh tilibizyu akk d rr'adyu,
yernu tikwal, llan sseqdacen-tt ula di tceqfatin n umezgun.
Amawal (lt'xique)
n tlitwanit ay ttmeslayen medden yughal yettcur' d
awalen n trusit. Medden bdan sseqdacen ula d awalen n trusit
ur d-nemyezg ara akk d talghiwin (formes) n wawalen n tlitwanit, dgha akken d-ttwant'aqen wawalen-agi di trusit ara ten-ssexdamen
Yilitwaniyen di tlitwanit. Yernu bdan digh medden sseqdacen awalen n tlitwanit akken ay ttuseqdacen wawalen n trusit, meh'sub,
ughalen ttbeddilen-asen inumak (lem‚ani) i wawalen ilitwaniyen ay icuban awalen irusiyen, u ttaken-asen inumak-nni ay s‚an
di trusit. Ghef umedya, awal alitwani "eile" yughal unamek-is "at'as", "kra" negh "tarba‚t", imi ay yettuseqdac di trusit
wawal icuban wagi yernu yes‚a inumak-agi. Akken ad d-inin Yilitwaniyen "lghella tettwamger S wemger" (s usseqdec n tzelgha
n wallal -particule d'instrument), "derliu nueme kombaino", ughalen rnan-d awal "pagalba", "s tallalt n" (s lma‚wana), xas
ur t-sseqdacen ara zik di tutlayt-nsen, dgha ughalen qqaren-d s tutlayt-nsen akken d-qqaren s trusit "derliu nueme kombaino
pagalba" - "lghella tettwamger S TALLALT n wemger".
Tughal tlitwanit
tesseqdac at'as n tghawsiwin yeqqnen gher tjerr'umt tarusit : tijr'utin (cas) n trusit, talghiwin-is tisendadin (formes rt'flt'chies),
izwiren (prt'fixes) akk d tenzagh (prt'positions) n trusit tt'uqqten di tlitwanit. Tughal ula d tafyirt (phrase) talitwanit
tettwabna akken tettwabna tefyirt tarusit. (...)
Yettwakkes-d
wed'ris-agi seg wedlis n Z. Zinkevicius
"History of the Lithuanian Language" (Amezruy n Tutlayt Talitwanit)
Tasuqilt
sghur n : Omar MOUFFOK
Tzemrem ad terzum s asebter-agi (page) akken ad d-tafem
ugar n yisallen :
http://www.elnet.lt/vartiklis/english.htm
D ACU-TT TLITWANIT ?
Seg wasmi ay
tewwi Litwanya azarug-is, di 1990, tughal tlitwanit d nettat ay d tutlayt tamens'abt n tmurt-agi. Yugh lh'al, tutlayt-a a
yes‚eddan azal n 400 n yiseggasen n lh'if akk d th'eqranit, yughal-itt-id wayen i deg tettalas u dindin kan teddjudjeg-d u
teh'la si ledjruh' ay d-yeddja deg-s umezruy.
Tamurt-is :
Litwanya d yiwet
si tmura yellan zik d ah'ric si Tdukli Tasuvyatit. Uqbel ma yekcem gher tdukli-yagi, tewwi azarug-is di 1920, d acu kan, Isuvyatiyen
tt'fen tamurt-a xas ur yebghi wegdud-is di 1940, u h'ettmen-tt ad tili d ah'ric seg wemd'al amezdukli (monde communiste) alammi
d 1990, asmi ay tt-id-tughal tlelli-yines i tikkelt tis snat. Tuzga-d Litwanya ghef yiri n yilel Abalti (mer Baltique), yernu
nettat d yiwet si tlata-nni n tmura tibaltiyin (pays baltes), gher tama Litt'unya akk d Ist'unya, wukud tecrek at'as n tghawsiwin,
ama deg yedles negh deg umezruy. Litwanya tes‚a tilisa akk d Litt'unya deg ugafa (nord), akk d Byilurusya deg wegmud' (ccerq),
akk d yilel Abalti deg wetram u th'udd-itt-id Pulunya akk d wasun (territoire) arusi n Kaliningrad seg wetram akk d wenz'ul
(sud). Tamaneght-is isem-is Vilnius, ma d Klaipeda, ay d-yuzgan deg wetram (lgherb) d yiwet si temdinin timeqqranin akk n
tmurt-a.
Aqeddem n tutlayt :
Talitwanit ttmeslayen-tt
ass-a 3 n yimelyunen n medden di Litwanya (98 % seg yimezdaghen n Tegduda Talitwanit), ma nerna-yas-d i wemd'an-agi anect
yettmeslayen talitwanit berr'a i Litwanya, ad d-naf d akken 3,5 n yimelyunen n yemdanen ara yettmeslayen talitwanit deg wemd'al.
Si ger n 800.000 n Yilitwaniyen ay yettidiren di lberr'ani, ah'ric ameqqran deg-sen yettidir deg Yiwunak Yedduklen (650.000),
maca digh nezmer ad naf at'as n Yilitwaniyen di Pulunya (anda 70.000 n yemdanen ay yettmeslayen talitwanit), di Brizil (40.000),
di Ter'jentint (35.000), di Kanada (14.725), di Brit'anya Tameqqrant (12.000), akk d Uruguay (10.000) (Grimes 1992). D acu
kan, akken d-iger tamawt Zinkuvicius deg wedlis-is, maci Ilitwaniyen merr'a ay izedghen di lberr'ani ssnen tutlayt-nsen.
Deg wennar n
tesnilsit (linguistique), qqaren-d d akken d talitwanit i deg ay d-qqimen wat'as akk n yedrizen (traces) si tutlayt tahendur'ufit
(indo-europt'en) taqdimt, tin i seg d-yeffegh umur meqqren si tutlayin n Tur'uft n wass-a. Qqiment-d di tlitwanit at'as n tghawsiwin
n tjerr'umt taqburt ay sr'uh'ent tutlayin tihendur'ifiyin nnid'en. D acu kan, am tutlayin merr'a n twacult tahendur'ufit,
ula d talitwanit tbeddel akk d lweqt. Talgha (forme) taqburt akk n tlitwanit yettwassnen, qqaren-as "talitwanit taqburt",
yiwen ur a tt-yettmeslay ass-a.
Tawacult-is :
Talitwanit tekcem
di twacult tameqqrant n tutlayin tihendur'ufiyin (indo-europt'enne), am tefr'ensist, taneglizit akk d weh'ric meqqren si ttulayin
n Tur'uft (Europe). D acu kan, talitwanit ur tcuba ara at'as tafr'ensist negh taneglizit am akken tcuba tutlayin ay d-iqerben
ghur-s, tid wukud tecrek az'ar iqerben. Tawacult n tutlayin tihendur'ufiyin tebd'a d ifurka, dgha talitwanit tekcem deg ufurk
n tutlayin tibaltiyin, di lweqt i deg taneglizit akk d talmanit, ghef umedya, kecment deg ufurk n tutlayin tijirmaniyin. Afurk
n tutlayin tibaltiyin yebd'a ghef snat n tegrawin (tirebba‚) : tutlayin tibaltiyin tigmud'anin (ticerqiyin) i deg tella tlitwanit
akk d tlitt'unit (letton, d tutlayt icuban mlih' taliwanit u ttmeslayen-tt di Litt'unya), akk d terba‚t n tutlayin tibaltiyin
tutrimin (tigherbiyin) i deg tella teprusit taqburt, d tutlayt ay inegren di tizi n 1700, u qqimen-d seg-s ala kan kra n yedrizen
(traces) yuran. Ihi, t utlayt i gher teqreb kter' tlitwanit d talitt'unit. Yugh lh'al, tutlayin-agi di snat ugarent akk tutlayin
tihendur'ufiyin deg wanect i d-yeqqimen deg-sent d idrizen iqburen di tejr'utin (cas) n thendur'ifit taqburt.
Tantalyin n tlitwanit :
Talitwanit tella
tes‚a at'as n tentalyin, d acu kan, llant kra deg-sen ay yedduklen akk d tiyad', u ughalent d yiwet kan n tentala. Ma d imesilsiyen
(linguistes), msefhamen s umata akken ad bd'un talitwanit ghef snat n tentalyin timeqqranin. Tamenzut, d tin umi qqaren "aukshtaichiai"
negh tukctaytit, negh Talitwanit n Ufella. Ma d tis snat d tin umi qqaren "zemachiai" negh tasamugtit negh Talitwanit n Wadda.
Yiwen n umassan, Grimes (deg wedlis-is n 1992), yerna-d tantala tis tlata, tadzukit, ay yeh'seb d yiwet si tentalyin timeqqranin
n tlitwanit, di lweqt i deg tuget deg n yimassanen qqaren-d d akken tadzukit d tand'a kan (variante) n tukctaytit. Tutlayt
talitwanit tatrat ay tesseqdac tmurt ass-a tekka-d seg yiwet n tduntala (sous-dialecte) n tukctaytit (talitwanit n ufella)
ay ttmeslayen deg wenz'ul (sud) n Litwanya, d acu kan, id'risen iqburen akk n tlitwanit uran s tlitwanit n wadda.
Tira :
Talitwanit tesseqdac
agemmay alatini ay yettubeddlen citt'ah'. Akken ad d-sbanen "ighdebba" (accents) n tutlayt talitwanit, Ilitwaniyen sseqdacen
izmal n ussemgirred (signes diacritiques). Yugh lh'al, tesseqdec tlitwanit yiwen n lweqt agemmay asirili (arusi) si 1864 alammi
d 1905, d acu kan, yughal-itt-id ugemmay alatini imi d netta kan ay isehlen i tira-yines.
Tasghent-is (ddur'-is) di tmetti :
Ass-a, talitwanit
tes‚a az'ayer (statut) n tutlayt tamens'abt di Litwanya, yernu tettuseqac deg yinurar merr'a n leqdic akk d tudert n yal ass.
Seg wasmi ay d-yebda lqern wis 20 ara tettuseqdac tlitwanit deg ugherbaz.
Ger n 1920 d
1940 (di tallit n uzarug amenzu n tmurt), tesbedd-d Litwanya anagraw (systŤme) ikemlen n usselmed ara yesseqdacen talitwanit
d tutlayt n usselmed seg ugherbaz amenzu alamma d tasdawit. Yugh lh'al, agdud alitwani d win ih'emmlen ad igher at'as s tutlayt-is.
Di tallit i deg tewwi Litwanya azarug-is amenzu, ugar n 7100 n yedlisen ay d-yeffghen s tlitwanit, yernu ass-a at'as n tghawsiwin
yuran ara d-iteffghen s tlitwanit, gar-asent id'risen ussnanen (textes scientifiques) d wakniyen (techniques) akk d yeghmisen
d tesghunin (revues). Di 1990, ffghen-d di Litwanya 240 n yeghmisen s 4,5 n yimelyunen n wudmawen (exemplaires) akk d 43 n
tesghunin s 2,6 n yimelyunen n wudmawen.
Llant digh tregwa
n rr'adyu akk d tilibizyu s tlitanit. Kra n wahilen (programmes) ay d-tgen i yiberr'aniyen, ttmeslayen s teglizit.
Mi akka ara
d-yettqerrib uzemz (date) n unekcum n Litwanya gher Tdukli Tur'ufit (Union Europt'enne), talitwanit ur tettghimi ara kan d
tutlayt taghelnawt n yiwet kan n tmurt wanag ad tughal d yiwet si tutlayin timens'abin n Tur'uft u ad d-taf iman-is s waya
tga ah'urif gher sdat akken ad tughal d tutlayt tagraghlant. Xas ma yella lqern wis 20 yeddja-d ledjruh' di tutlayt-a yernu
qrib yegli yis-s akken ad tughal si tutlayin yemmuten, lqern wis 21 yeldi-d tiwwura timaynutin ghef tutlayt-a akken ad tennerni
gher sdat.
[Ah'ric meqqren seg wed'ris-agi newwi-t-id seg wemd'iq n
Tesdawit n Los Angeles. UCLA Language Profiles.]
Tasuqilt n Hamid OUBAGHA
Arut-agh-d, gret-d tamawin-nwen, neqqar l‚eslama i s kra
n tebrat ara d agh-d-yawd'en sghur-wen.
Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen
BP 129, Poste Didouche Mourad
16006,
Alger, Algt'rie
E-mail : imedyazen89@yahoo.fr
Imagraden yeqqnen s asentel n wutt'un-a :
Tabrat n Yimedyazen : Utt'un 14 : Tasertiti n tutlayin di Ist'unya
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text:
Luxembourg
Luxembourg d yiwet n tmurt tamecṭuḥt ay d-yuzgan ger tlisa, ger yiberdan. Sufella d Biljik ay tt-id-ilessen, swadda d Fransa, ma seg wegmuḍ (ccerq) d Lalman. Akal-agi amecṭuḥ ay d-iweḥlen ger n "yimeqqranen", xas ur yewwiḍ ara wezgen n umelyun n medden ay t-izedɣen, ass-a nefren ad awen-d-nawi fell-as awal, acku tikwal, aṭas ara d-nelmed si tɣawsiwin timecṭaḥ. Naɣ yeqqar-as wanzi ɣur-neɣ "Izem yeḥwaǧ s aɣerda".
Luxembourg, d tamurt i ɣef ur nsel ara aṭas n tɣawsiwin, d acu kan, aɣlan-agi (nation) amecṭuḥ yesɛa tutlayt-is i yiman-is, d tin umi qqaren taluksemburgit, ur telli d tantala (dialecte) n tefr'ensist wala d talɣa tadigant (forme locale) n talmanit, wanag d tutlayt i yiman-is, d tin ay d iles aneṣli n yimezdaɣen n tmurt-agi yernu yis-s ay ttidiren di tudert-nsen n yal ass. D ayen ibanen ma nenna-yawen-d d akken imezdaɣen n Luxembourg,
Iluksemburgiyen, d agdud yesɛan nnif ɣef wazalen-is (valeurs), ɣef tnettit-is (identité) akk d tutlayt-is. Dɣa xas ma yella idles afr'ensis yeǧhed, yeffeɣ i tlisa n Fr'ansa alammi ay yewweḍ ass-a s idurar n Ǧerǧer akk d tmura n Tefriqt, xas ma yella tutlayt talmanit tewweḍ ɣer ṭṭerf n wemḍal, anda ma nedda nezmer ad naf wid yettmeslayen yis-s neɣ ay tt-ilemmden, di Luxembourg, ayen yellan d aberr'ani iban, ma d ayen yellan n tmurt d netta ay yesɛan azal meqqren, ur t-rrin di rrif am wiyaḍ, wanag refden-t d asawen akken ad yagar akk ayen d-ikecmen si berr'a. Di Luxembourg, yal taɣawsa tesɛa amkan-is, yal yiwen yesɛa ccɣel-is. Iberr'aniyen keccmen-d ssbeḥ ad qedcen, tameddit, yal yiwen ad yuɣal s axxam-is neɣ ɣer tmurt-is, ma d tutlayin tiberraniyin ay d-ikecmen ɣer Luxembourg akken kecment ɣer tmura nniḍen, sseqdacen-tent Yiluksemburgiyen di leṣlaḥ-nsen, rran-tent d taklatin-nsen deg wexxam-nsen, yal yiwet fkan-as ccɣel-is, d acu kan, mi ara d-taweḍ tizi n tidet, mi ara terzu temsalt asselḥu n tɣawsiwin n tmurt, asselmed n yigerdan akk d usseqdec n tutlayt di tudert-nsen, Iluksemburgiyen d tin-nsen kan ay sseqdacen, xas ssnen mliḥ tafrensist akk d talmanit. Tutlayt taluksemburgit ay yellan d yiwet si tutlayin tiɣelnawin timecṭaḥ akk deg wemḍal, yerfed-itt unabaḍ (gouvernement) aluksemburgi d asawen akken ad tili d tutlayt tamenṣabt (officielle) tamenzut di tmurt, yuɣ lḥal, tamurt-agi tamecṭuḥt, teẓra d akken imi ay d tamecṭuḥt, lǧiran-is zemren ad as-uɣalen d icenga-yines, zemren ad tt-ttcen s tefses. ɣef wanect-a ay terra tutlayt-is, xas akken d tamecṭuḥt d tutlayt n tmurt yernu d yiwen seg yizumal meqqren n tfernant (patrie) taluksemburgit. Anect-a yesskan-d tikkelt nniḍen d akken tutlayt ur telli d awal kan, wanag d tigejdit meqqren di tnettit (identité) n tmura akk d yegduden. D acu kan, nnig waya, tutlayt taluksemburgit yerfed-itt ula d agdud-is deg wul-is, imi ay yuki d akken d nettat ay d tarwiḥt n tmurt-is, dɣa yefka-yas tamkant ɛlayen, xas ad naf aṭas n Yiluksemburgiyen iqeddcen s tefrensist neɣ qqaren aɣmis-nsen s talmanit, iles ay sseqdacen wagar-asen ur d asen-yeɛriq ara, zzux-nsen d tutlayt-nsen, werɛad ur lmiden ara ad zuxxen s wayen ur nelli nsen.

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Montreal
Tuccḍa n tenfalit: asekkil n usenqeḍ "[" ur yettwassen ara. [[Taggayt:Infobox Adutaẓunt tudbilt - Asebtar yesawelen srid talɣa|Kanada ]]
Montreal (isem unṣib s tefrensist Montréal, s Teglizt Montreal) d tamdint tameqqrant ugar n timdinin tiyaḍ n temnaṭ n Kebek (Kanada), tamdint tis snat n umaḍal afrensisawal, d tamdint tis snat deg imezdaɣ d texxutert n tmurt n Kanada deffir Toronto. Taɣzut aɣreman n Montreal tela (tesɛa) ass-a ugarn 3,6 imelyan n imezdaɣ. Tezga-d deg tegizrt n Montreal ar ugersif n wasif n Saint-Laurent d wasif n Wuṭṭawen (Rivière des Outaouais), di 246 km ar unẓul-ugmuḍ si temdint n Kebek, tamaneɣt n temnaṭ n Kebek, ar 202 km seg Uṭṭawa, tamaneɣt n tmurt n Kanada.


text:
Lbiruwat n Inagan n Yahwa: lexbaṛat ţ-ţmeẓriwt-nsen
Neereḍ-ik s lfeṛḥ a d-tṛuḥeḍ aţ-ţeẓreḍ lbiruwat-nneɣ d lemṭabeat-nneɣ. Aţ-ţafeḍ deg usebter-agi ladrisat akk-d lweqt ideg i teţţili tmeẓriwt n lbiruwat-agi.
Barbadus
Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society
Crusher Site Road
Prospect
BB 24012 ST. JAMES
BARBADE
+1 246-438-0655
+1 246-424-9172 (Fax)
Timeẓriwt
Si letnayen ar lǧemea
Si 10:00 ar 12:00 daɣen si 13:30 ar 16:00
Timeẓriwt teţţaṭṭaf: 2 sswayee
Kra seg wayen i nxeddem
Neţwellih lecɣal n Inagan n Yahwa di tmanya n tegzirin timeqranin akk-d waṭas n tegzirin timecṭaḥ. Nesṭerjim tizmamin ireṣṣan ɣef Wedlis Iqedsen s tekriyult.


text:
Tasekla n teqbaylit simmal d aqqedim ɣer zdat
Awal ɣef “Ger zik d tura” n Mass Saɛid Cemmax
Ma yella zik amur ameqran n wayen iɛebban tasekla n teqbaylit d aḥric n tmedyazt akked d tmucuha yernu s wudem amawi, deg iseggasen-agi ineggura tenfal tira ɣer wudmawen‑nniḍen n tmena, imi ungalen d tullissin wwḍen ttlalen-d s ddaw umyaru n imyura wa defir wa.
Amud‑agi deg llan‑t tesɛa n tullisin akked setta n yeḍrisen ufriḍen, yettwarun s yiwen uɣanib yettmuddun lebɣi ɣer taɣuri‑nsen, acku timsal ɣef ayeg i d‑yewwi d timsal yettḥazen amdan deg ixef‑ines. “Ger zik d tura” d adlis i d‑yesfruruyen tilufa n tmeddurt, yettarra‑tent‑id am lemri zdat n wallen‑nneɣ akken ad aten‑t ɛabber, aten‑t nektil , aten‑t nessewzen di lmizan n tidmi ‑nneɣ , amer tifrat i tuttriwin inebccen di lbal, ad sen‑t‑id‑nnaf tawwurt.
Ger Zik d tura , d tiqṣiḍin n yal ass i izemren ad ḍrun‑t di yal tama di yal lawan, i yal yiwen seg‑nneɣ. D tiqṣiḍin n yemdanen am nekk am kunwi, i d‑yekkren deg yirebbi n tmeti‑nneɣ. D tiqṣiḍin anida yal yiwen ad yeɛqel iman‑is deg‑sent, acku uzlen-t ɣef lkaɣeḍ s umyaru i d‑yewwin tikta deg ayen i d‑yennulfan naɣ i d‑yettnulfun yal ass.
Ssaɛid Cemmax yewwi‑d tugniwin n wayen i d‑nettmager di tudert‑nneɣ, yesrezfaɣ ɣer telqay n tudert deg tudrin n tmurt n Leqbayel yeɛlulqen ɣef tuyat n wedrar werǧin yeffiɣ lhem akked d ddel. Maca , xas akken iḍrisen yellan deg amud‑agi ur ddurin ara tacmet n tedyanin ɣef ayeg mderkalen yemdanen, tira s wacu uran tugmed seg uɣbalu n leḥmala, imi Saɛid Cemmax ur icuḥ ara s tayri yekseb ɣer ljiha n idurar. Idurar deg nnif yettemɛabbar d kennu, deg lɛez yettnamar‑it ddel, deg isaɣ yettucewwel s txaṣarin, deg addud yettili‑d d ɣeluy.
Idurar deg ṣsber tikwal d ddwa n tlufa, di nmara d abrid ɣer tnekra, di tmara d ussu n lehna. Idurar deg alluy yeqqen ɣer trusi, deg tehri d taxlijt n ddiq, deg telqaq d takniwt n tewser, deg tumert d tarbibt n leḥzen, deg lehna tettlal‑d s cwal am waken id as yenna Ferḥat deg awal‑is: “Imesdurar n twaɣit, tawaɣit tezzi‑assen !”
Melba cekk adlis‑agi yewwi‑d ameynut ɣer tsekla taqbaylit, d aẓru iṣeḥḥan ɣef ayeg ara yers uɣalad n tira ara d‑illalen deg imal i d‑iteddun. D tullisin ara ɣren yemdanen s tuget n lferḥ, acku taqbaylit s wacu uran‑t d tin wuɣur iwɛa yal yiwen, d tin yessazalen amyag n Si Muḥend U Mḥend s lxefa .
Aya meṛṛa d ayen ara yeǧǧen, ulac akk ccek, inelmaden n teqbaylit yella wacu ar ad d‑affen d aɣanib, d talɣaTalɣiwin »> akken ad neǧren ula d nitini amyaru‑nsen deg webrid n tira yettawin tutlayt ɣer zdat, imi ala s tira i‑yettili wadud n tɣermiwin !
Source : http://www.tamurt.info/awal-%C9%A3ef-ger-zik-d-tura-n-mass,762.html?lang=taq


text:
Ula seg wasmi tuɣal tutltayt tamaziɣt aseggas n 2016 d tutlayt tunṣibt di tmendawt n tmurt n Dzayer, ugten waraben yettsuɣun mgal tutlayt-nneɣ. Qqaren ugin-tt. Ma tutlayt taɛrabt sɣarayen-tt i tarwa-nneɣ s yiɣil. Annect-a iḍerru yid-neɣ seg useggas n 1962 asmi tefra lgirra mgal Fransa, ar assa. Win yenna tamaziɣt tella, adabu adzayri a s-yini kečč d afus n Fransa yessenǧaɛen iwakken tamurt n Dzayer ad terwi, dɣa Fransa a d tuɣal ɣer-s.
Tura Izwawen merra ẓran, adabu, iswi-ines d asenger n tutlayt-nneɣ, d asenger n yidles-nneɣ, mačči d ayen-nniḍen !
Ihi nekni s Yizwawen nemmekti-d tura ayen nnan imezwura-nneɣ:
„Win i k-ibeddeln s ibiw, kečč beddel-it s ilemc-is“.
Nekni s Yizwawen nettqaḍar ieẓerfan n wemdan s umata, maca ntettu tikwal aqḍar n izerfan-nneɣ.
Tura d ayen, arrac/ilemẓiyen/tilemẓiyin-nneɣ ẓran ɣur-sen tutlayt tayemmat tezmer i wayen akk zemerent tutlayin-nniḍen.
Dɣa ffɣen-d ɣer iberdan, ǧǧan leqraya, ttsuɣun: „Ulac taɛrabt m ulac tamaziɣt“.
Annect-a yezga-d, yernu yelha. Acuɣer aḥettem n tɣuri n tutlayt taberranit taɛrabt i tarwa tamaziɣt? Acuɣer tarwa n waɛraben ur teqqar ara tutlayt-nneɣ?
Ihi:
Akken ay arrac-nneɣ, a tarwa n nnif zeddigen, mačči n nnif n twaɣit!
Akken ay arrac-nneɣ, a tarwa n tikli ɣef tlelli deg webrid n talwit mačči
n udebbuz!
Akken ay arrac-nneɣ, eddut ɣef izerfan-nwen, iwakken ad teddrem d aɣref ilelli,
ad ssudsem tamurt-nwen, kunwi s ifassen-nwen!
Akken ay arrac-nneɣ, eddut deg webrid n tira s tutlayt-nneɣ tayemmat
tamaziɣt-tazwawt!
Akken ay arrac-nneɣ, eddut deg webrid n tmusni!
Akken ay arrac-nneɣ, eddut deg webrid n usizdeg n tmurt!
Akken ay arrac-nneɣ, eddut deg webrid n uqaḍer n izerfan n wemdan!
Akken ay Arrac-nneɣ, ɣurwet ad tgebrum i ṭbel deg waman!
Nekni s Yizwawen nettazzal iwakken tutlayt-nneɣ tamaziɣt-tazwawt ad tili d tutlayt tunṣibt, d tutlat n twuri di yal aḥric n tmeddurt-nneɣ, di tmurt-nneɣ! Ma d yad ur nelli d Imaziɣen ɣren-tt neɣ qqimen, annect-a mačči d aɣbel-nneɣ!
Akli Azwaw


text:
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text: G tadliwin n umarg nes, yirir Ali Chouhad f tugtt n tghawsiwin zdinin d tudert n umadan amazigh, ig s mek ann yan g imdyazen drusnin nna igan Tamagit n imazighen d umenru (izhdi) n umarg nes tigira ya-d, Ali chouhad ur rad izdiregh ad fellas sawlegh g tazwart ad tamzyant lli urigh af ad ndru d imghran n umaynu tamdyazt ad, Ali Chouhad issent ku yan/yat, g tmdyazt ad lli gh isawl f yan usurs (Situation) g tmazirt negh lli gh tnbd (thkem) yat tawja amadan s timmad nes (kullut), gin amarg nsen d tsertit nsen d ughrum n ku y-ass n medden g tmazirt akkw… ad nadj imghran n umaynu ad ghrin tamdyazt ad lli y-ad yirir umdyaz Ali Chouhad g yan g w-albumen (Album) nes… -Agwilal-


text:
Ifsa wayfs ifsr tifras n tfsut, tafukt tsfalki akal s ikwlan n takat n ukttay, aman usin iman trmn i trgwa arfn irafan, agrur gis amrur n ihray ittrwaln g imi n rruraw ran tasukt n udrar, aggu n tgmma idl agama, aylaln ḍin isaylaln, tizrurin zrint asint tizrrarin, g iggi n isk n ugwni n tiskin aɣ nn imzalal iẓẓi tizrigin istɣn taɣssa n ussan isisn s trɣi n iɣrramn iɣrmn amarg iragn aɣlal n ilalln n ulawn, tamẓa n ugadir n tmẓin tmmẓli s uẓẓu bu iẓuṛan. massa mammas g igr n wammas ar tmggr ilumas, xizzu awraɣ n turtit n uɣlad immzr i izurn iqqd s uznẓaṛ, afullus f isli n unnrar ar isifrir s ifrawn isfnẓwi tifullusin, tizi tumẓ azal, tizwarn ttuzuzzrnt, aḍu n tammnt ittubḍa i taddart indrn s tizzwa yawwuzn f imcḍ sbddnt isuqqas ; g f usga n uḥanu g tama n ufarnu taslit ar tsslay urfan tg nn urkimn g iggi n inkan, ḥmmu iḥma g dar uzrg ar izzrig aḍaḍ zɣ uãaḍṛ ar ils,taḍfi n waqqayn n uzmmur izzuqqsn tɣli as d ignzi ar tt ismmzdi d talli s izzɣur ufufn n imndi ; ma g mmklin imzdaɣn ur immkwlin s igẓaẓn s issnti bu umarg izlan g usays n izdar mi issutl usngar, anbdad n waman isɣl tiram s uɣanim yall taqqayt nns tsslkm tabrat i tiqqi . inlmadn g txwrbict gan afus i ma f yusi uslmad afus sfḍn azlaf n waggaẓ s ulkkum n takwzin, bu wurti immṭṛ d buskwri itkur istran wann d inmaggar ifk as uraw; mrawt tfunasin id mm ufray n tasutin frdnt g wafar g iggi n tfratin. tamɣart tamqqrant tswa ugmim n ukfay ikkiln ifukku as akraf n ufrak ar tsmikiz imṭṭayn n tmzki gn d gis imṭṭawn tamtna; aɣaras inigi n tasutin udm ad gis infln imma illi ikka ur as yunf zɣ ass lliɣ iga win irffakn ar ass a, anawn n ibaciln n middn d wanawn n ifnckkarn n imkṭaṛn ad t ikkan ɣiklli t, alliɣ t tkka lbbnu tslaḥ gis izmuln, g mad izrin issn sin immuddutn isgwsann yan ar ittawi s unmuggar wayyaḍ yawi d gis , g iggi nns iwalan adrar yat taddagt ur immɣin g umaḍal amr mnid ann, taddagt akud ann izrin tddr s wawal n inmmudda tssn akw agwmmay ula anzgum nnsn, asru a ur tssfld i umya amr tandra, acku amuddu ur sul ili tizi, aɣaras n irffakn ar ittawi yawi d,iḍ ula azal; wanna izrin ur isunfi ur ifl akttay,ur tsgawr twada g ddaw n taddagt; twwarri tmqrant tiɣurḍin, tsmaqql mnck n iẓmmuẓẓal ad tut g tasutin. issṛmi tt, mqqar yasstwa, tunf fusga n uɣaras n irffakn tra asunfu g umalu n targant, tkka tt inn twada nns tbuɣla g ubrid ad, walli tssn s wassaɣ ad lliɣ as inm ils, tskkus tsyafa s uzuzwu.. idammn ulwan..ixsan asstwan..anlli izdag iẓḍaṛ ad ikti izmaz g tjjawn, lliɣ idus wafud.. taqqayt i tzrrarin d ul yusin asatur n tffugliwin; tkwti lliɣ ar tqqlay s tuggkal tunni adumkal d ignwan d ill, tsmun as ad akkw tmktit tawlkt n umzruy isarn g tmazirt, izmaz imzwura ar ass a..wid ṛẓagnin d wid zdagnin , willi g tẓḍa tudrt nns ula willi g tẓma twda tilit nns g udɣar g tlul tg as ism, tmmrks as tadãa d imṭṭawn..iɣ tkwti izmaz n tumrt tzzri g isuyas d igran d ugns n taddarin..tiktay wid mmrwinin skrn taguḍi g iggi n taṭṭangiwin agwsn agṛḍ n tadgalin, taddagt tluḥ s umalu xf tmqrant, tnnal tt id s ugjdi, tsskḍu as aḍu n tgamut nns, tssduy d gis lliɣ ar dars ttsunfu s usitti iɣ t id tusi..agdur n waman g uɣbalu.. azgaw n imndi g igran..niɣ taggwat n tuga g igwnan.
iznẓaṛn n tafukt ar ssulafn tamazirt, wann yumẓn kra n tulaft g tmurt n tmqrant isnmuqqur tt in d tmqqa n tɣli ittnuddumn s tguriwin yuru imi n ufgan ad skrn taslit n ikttayn g iggi n ifrawn n taddagt izgzawn…yan ifr smdn as ussan g mas imãafaḍ dids yawi s wakal asmammi n taddagt iḍṛ xf ugayyu n tmqrant isndudi t s isqsitn!..isqsitn xf waddad..xf umzruy..xf udɣar lliɣ tlul, inɣmisn xf talli mi jjun ur iffuɣ ufgan amalu nns..iɣ ar tt ur isswa ar tt izggwi.. niɣ ka izuzwa. tamqrant tfsr ifr g tdiklt n ufus nns..ifr inti assftu n ikttayn ..izmaz ɣudanin g tudrt yuman amṭṭay n taḍfi d usḥuṭṭi n imṭṭawn.. tamazirt n tmmuzɣa tad yuman arraw ula anagar, tann tkwti tall agayyu ad tt n tsmyikiz g usayrur n tasutin..yat iɣ nn tluḥ tiṭṭ xf udrar n drn d wid t walanin..tayyaḍ tluḥ tt in xf izuɣar n sus amqran; turri daɣ s ifr ar t ttarf g tdiklt nns ar fllas tssɣra ismawn n idrarn d izaɣarn d kra smɣin ikaliwn n tmurt g wanawn n taddagin d imɣan, asru ann tt id yiwn unfus iɣman s tɣzi n isggwasn tskr gis asqsi tsqsa iss ifr :“is rad ilin inmmudda ssnnin ayyda ad s ism nns?”…ifr isyfa s tluɣi n tdiklt n tmqrant ar iẓmma ixf nns ar akkw ttannay tussart ikwlan ann zgrn udm n ifr iqqurn, iṛẓm i iɣman ad iqqn taṛẓiwin n iẓuṛan n tasa n tmqrant, aẓuẓ nna immndedn issisfiw kra n tizi izrin g tudrt nns..ifr ngin gis iɣman amun tidiklt ar tiwltimin alliɣ ar suddumnt xf wakal.. yat tmqqiwt taɣ as aḍaṛ , tknu aqllal takwz nn timlsa nns gn gis ikttayn isaffn n taysi d tmyurin, tkwti ass n tfugla lliɣ tssɣli idukan.. tqqn tiẓṛẓa..tṛẓi axasi..tskr tizrurin..tirir s izlan usinin akttay n uglmam n usli d tslit..tsrs afus xf wafud nnuccgn ibzgan n uẓṛf skrn tanana s imzgan frinin s txṛãinn n wanas, tirwus as talalayt ttasint tutmin g izmaz n twizi g igran..dar iSṭṭaṭn..dar tama n izrgan ..d imdiwiln n irgazn xf iskkinn n ufgan g imawwn n igudar…ariɣnt walln n tmqrant s umṭṭa immrksn d taẓult gn as asmis i wudm. immatti umalu n taddagt kkusnt iznẓarn n tafukt ssiɣarn iɣman n tdiklt n tmqrant gn gis urcimn n lḥnna, yili d waḍu iãuḍ ifr isngiri t d tussart, tḍfṛ t s iẓṛi alliɣ ikcm ngr aytmas g ddu taddagt…yawn tt id daɣ unfus iɣman s tɣzi n isggwasn tskr gis asmammi tini iss: “ yan ifr aya..isskwti iyi yat tizi g tudrt inu..ikun mad kullu ḥban aytmas ann ilkm?!”…tamqrant yaɣ tt uzal tkãuḍ ad fllas ḍṛnt tillas tbidd s tmmara ,waxxa as ur nmn ifaddn tsnm tiddi nns tiri ad tfttu ad tlkm tsslkm iɣman n tdiklt nns i tarwa nns.
imṭṭayn d imṭṭawn.
Ifsa wayfs ifsr tifras n tfsut, tafukt tsfalki akal s ikwlan n takat n ukttay, aman usin iman trmn i trgwa arfn irafan, agrur gis amrur n ihray ittrwaln g imi n rruraw ran tasukt n udrar, aggu n tgmma idl agama, aylaln ḍin isaylaln, tizrurin zrint asint tizrrarin, g iggi n isk n ugwni n tiskin aɣ nn imzalal iẓẓi tizrigin istɣn taɣssa n ussan isisn s trɣi n iɣrramn iɣrmn amarg iragn aɣlal n ilalln n ulawn, tamẓa n ugadir n tmẓin tmmẓli s uẓẓu bu iẓuṛan. massa mammas g igr n wammas ar tmggr ilumas, xizzu awraɣ n turtit n uɣlad immzr i izurn iqqd s uznẓaṛ, afullus f isli n unnrar ar isifrir s ifrawn isfnẓwi tifullusin, tizi tumẓ azal, tizwarn ttuzuzzrnt, aḍu n tammnt ittubḍa i taddart indrn s tizzwa yawwuzn f imcḍ sbddnt isuqqas ; g f usga n uḥanu g tama n ufarnu taslit ar tsslay urfan tg nn urkimn g iggi n inkan, ḥmmu iḥma g dar uzrg ar izzrig aḍaḍ zɣ uãaḍṛ ar ils,taḍfi n waqqayn n uzmmur izzuqqsn tɣli as d ignzi ar tt ismmzdi d talli s izzɣur ufufn n imndi ; ma g mmklin imzdaɣn ur immkwlin s igẓaẓn s issnti bu umarg izlan g usays n izdar mi issutl usngar, anbdad n waman isɣl tiram s uɣanim yall taqqayt nns tsslkm tabrat i tiqqi . inlmadn g txwrbict gan afus i ma f yusi uslmad afus sfḍn azlaf n waggaẓ s ulkkum n takwzin, bu wurti immṭṛ d buskwri itkur istran wann d inmaggar ifk as uraw; mrawt tfunasin id mm ufray n tasutin frdnt g wafar g iggi n tfratin. tamɣart tamqqrant tswa ugmim n ukfay ikkiln ifukku as akraf n ufrak ar tsmikiz imṭṭayn n tmzki gn d gis imṭṭawn tamtna; aɣaras inigi n tasutin udm ad gis infln imma illi ikka ur as yunf zɣ ass lliɣ iga win irffakn ar ass a, anawn n ibaciln n middn d wanawn n ifnckkarn n imkṭaṛn ad t ikkan ɣiklli t, alliɣ t tkka lbbnu tslaḥ gis izmuln, g mad izrin issn sin immuddutn isgwsann yan ar ittawi s unmuggar wayyaḍ yawi d gis , g iggi nns iwalan adrar yat taddagt ur immɣin g umaḍal amr mnid ann, taddagt akud ann izrin tddr s wawal n inmmudda tssn akw agwmmay ula anzgum nnsn, asru a ur tssfld i umya amr tandra, acku amuddu ur sul ili tizi, aɣaras n irffakn ar ittawi yawi d,iḍ ula azal; wanna izrin ur isunfi ur ifl akttay,ur tsgawr twada g ddaw n taddagt; twwarri tmqrant tiɣurḍin, tsmaqql mnck n iẓmmuẓẓal ad tut g tasutin. issṛmi tt, mqqar yasstwa, tunf fusga n uɣaras n irffakn tra asunfu g umalu n targant, tkka tt inn twada nns tbuɣla g ubrid ad, walli tssn s wassaɣ ad lliɣ as inm ils, tskkus tsyafa s uzuzwu.. idammn ulwan..ixsan asstwan..anlli izdag iẓḍaṛ ad ikti izmaz g tjjawn, lliɣ idus wafud.. taqqayt i tzrrarin d ul yusin asatur n tffugliwin; tkwti lliɣ ar tqqlay s tuggkal tunni adumkal d ignwan d ill, tsmun as ad akkw tmktit tawlkt n umzruy isarn g tmazirt, izmaz imzwura ar ass a..wid ṛẓagnin d wid zdagnin , willi g tẓḍa tudrt nns ula willi g tẓma twda tilit nns g udɣar g tlul tg as ism, tmmrks as tadãa d imṭṭawn..iɣ tkwti izmaz n tumrt tzzri g isuyas d igran d ugns n taddarin..tiktay wid mmrwinin skrn taguḍi g iggi n taṭṭangiwin agwsn agṛḍ n tadgalin, taddagt tluḥ s umalu xf tmqrant, tnnal tt id s ugjdi, tsskḍu as aḍu n tgamut nns, tssduy d gis lliɣ ar dars ttsunfu s usitti iɣ t id tusi..agdur n waman g uɣbalu.. azgaw n imndi g igran..niɣ taggwat n tuga g igwnan.


text:
Yella-d taṣebḥt-agi ubellee n ubrid uṭun 26 yettawin si Bgayet ar Tubiret deg tama n Meeqel akked Butagut i d-yezgan deg taddart n Tqeṛyet n leeṛc n Cmini.
Imezdaɣ d wid i d-yerran ɣef lexṣas n wallalen n tudert ladɣa lgaz i ttṛaǧun acḥal-aya, d ayen yessawḍen imezdaɣ i d-yezzin i wasif Asemmam ad xtiṛen aseḥbes n tikli ɣef ubrid akken i ḥebsen wallalen n tudert-nsen deg uzgen n ubrid.
Taqeṛyet – Abellee n ubrid di Tqeṛyet (Cmini-Bgayet)
Yella-d taṣebḥt-agi ubellee n ubrid uṭun 26 yettawin si Bgayet ar Tubiret deg tama n Meeqel akked Butagut i d-yezgan deg taddart n Tqeṛyet n leeṛc n Cmini.


text:
Amazzan n usizref i d-iteddun
Iɛaac Nuḥ d imeyyaten n iseggasen deffir Kahin d Habil. Deg iseggasen-agi yeggten, d igiman n yemdanen i d-yusan ɣer ddunit. Imdanen-agi yettidiren di lqaɛa ur d-cqiɛen ara akk deg Illu, xeddmen kan di cceṛ. Ass mi d-illul Nuḥ, ddunit tella deg yir liḥala. Imdanen nherwen xeddmen ḥala deg yir lecɣal. Akken yella di Tira:
"Iwala Umeɣlal cceṛ xeddmen yemdanen meqqeṛ di ddunit, ixemmimen meṛṛa n wulawen-nsen ttmilin yal ass ɣer cceṛ... Dɣa yenna Umeɣlal: Ad snegreɣ si lqaɛa amdan i d-snulfaɣ... Lameɛna yufa Nuḥ lemzzeyya ɣer Umeɣlal. Nuḥ di zzman-is, yella iteddu s ṣṣwab d teɣdemt; ileḥḥu Nuḥ aked Yillu... Immuqel-d Ṛebbi lqaɛa, yufa-tt temterwi; yal lǧetta tetteddu tefsed di lqaɛa. Dɣa yenna Ṛebbi i Nuḥ: Qesdeɣ tagara n yal amdan; axaṭeṛ ččuren ddunit s tekṛiṭ; atah, a ten-snegreɣ aked lqaɛa."
Yenna Yillu i Nuḥ ad yebnu afniq (aɣeṛṛabu meqqren). Ihegga-d Ṛebbi iwakken Nuḥ d twacult-is ad izmiren ad sellken seg usizref-nni ara d-yeɣlin ɣef ddunit. " Yexdem Nuḥ ayen akk i s-d-yumeṛ Umeɣlal " i d-nnant Tira. Mi akken yella issebdad afniq, yettmeslay i yemdanen i s-d-yezzin, inehhuten ɣef usizref n Yillu i d-iteddun. Yeqqar-asen belli Ṛebbi d uɣdim, degmi ara yessenger imdanen ɣef ddemma n ubekkaḍ-nsen. Ilaq-asen ad wexren ɣef ddnub-nsen, ad uɣalen ɣer Yillu iwakken ad iḥun fell-asen. D acu kan, ur ssmeḥsen ara i yini-ines, ur bɣin ara ad qeblen nnehwat-ines. Llan stehzayen ɣef nuḥ, ttaḍsan fell-as.
Mi yekfa Nuḥ lebni n ufniq-nni, yenna-yas Umeɣlal: "Kcem s afniq, s kečč s wexxam-ik, axaṭeṛ walaɣ-k d aḥeqqi zdat-i, di lǧil-agi".
Ur yebɣi ara Yillu ad yessenger akk iɣersiwen d leḍyur. Iwakken ad yeḥrez ṣṣenf-nsen, yumeṛ Yillu i Nuḥ ad yeddem yid-s ɣer ufniq tayuga si yal ṣṣenf n iɣersiwen d leḍyur. Mi kecmen s afniq, Nuḥ, tmaṭṭut-is, arraw-is di tlata yid-sen d tlawin-nsen, yemdel Yillu tawwurt n ufniq. Nuḥ, tawacult-is d iɣersiwen-nni atnan tura daxel n wefniq. Wid akk yestehzayen s yizen n Nuḥ qqimen di berra.
Ass n usizref n Yillu yusa-d. Yeɣli-d ugeffur seg igenni d iḥemmalen. Lqaɛa meṛṛa teččuṛ d aman. D affal n waman. Imdanen regglen ɣer idurar d tɣaltin. Ma d Tira qqarent-d: "... idurar akk ɛlayen yellan seddaw igenni meṛṛa ɣummen... ayen iteddu ɣef lqaɛa yenger, ama d leḍyur, d lmal neɣ d iɣersiwen, ayen akk iteddun ɣef uɛebbuḍ di lqaɛa, d yemdanen meṛṛa".
Acuɣer i yexdem akka Yillu i yemdanen? Ɣef ddemma n ibekkaḍen-nsen i d-yeɣli fell-asen uzaraf. Ttwamerten. Imi ur smeḥsen ara i Nuḥ, negren meṛṛa. Ḥala wid ikecmen ɣer wefniq i yettwaselken si lmut iweɛren, i d-iceggaɛ Yillu ɣer ddunit. Nuḥ d twacult-is ufan tadarit deg ufniq. Tenger talsa di lawan-nni, seg akken tedneb yerna ur tessemḥes ara i nnehwat n Yillu.
Azaraf-agi n Yillu, affal n waman, yewwet-d imdanen yessedrem-iten, ma d wid akken yellan daxel n wefniq, netni dduran, selken. D ageffur-nni d-yeɣlin ɣef lqaɛa, i d-yeɣlin ɣef wefniq, d acu kan wid yellan daxel n wefniq, llan di laman. Mi d-yeffeɣ Nuḥ seg ufniq, iɛuhed Yillu ur yuɣal ad yessenger ddunit s waffal, lameɛna ad yessizref imdanen ɣef ibekkaḍen-nsen, ɣer tagara n ddunit.
Ad imerret Yillu wid akk i denben mgal-is. Lameɛna yewjed ad isuref i wid yettqirrin s ddnub-nsen. Imdanen meṛṛa ccḍen mgal Yillu. Imi i tdenbem, ad yeɣli fell-awen uzaraf n Yillu. Ḥala mada gella txedmem am Nuḥ, a ttnadim tadarit mebla laɛḍil. Ihegga-yawen-d Yillu tadarit. Tebɣam a tt-tissinem iwakken ad ttemnam seg zaraf n Yillu? Kemlet ihi taɣuri.
Tura, uqbel a ttaẓem ɣer zdat, arret-d ɣef umesteqsi n temsirt-agi


text:
Tirrugza ur tettemlil ara akk d tirrumit. Tirrugza tikwal tettuɣal d nnif n twaɣit. Ihi tella tirrugza, tella tirrugza! Acḥal d argaz di tmurt-nneɣ i yennan: «Nekk ur ttagadeɣ ula d yiwen, ur ttuḥwajeɣ yiwen». D annect-a i d nnif n twaɣit! Amek yella kra n wergaz ur nettuḥwaj wayeḍ?
Di tmurt-nneɣ win yekkren kan a tt-yesker gar sin n yimeddukkal „Atan ameddakel-ik yenna akka d wakka fell-ak.“ Dɣa argaz-a ad yerr ameddakkel-is d acengu alma tenger tmeddurt, war ma yessuter-t ɣef ayen yeḍran neɣ ur neḍri.
Icenguyen-nneɣ ẓran annect-a yella deg-neɣ. S wakka ttafen abrid, kerrfen tawuri-nneɣ ɣef izerfan-nneɣ: Ẓran fiḥel ma rẓan iqurray-nsen aṭas ɣef taluft-a. Amedya: Win yekkren ixeddem kra ɣef izerfan-nneɣ, yernu yezmer ad yessiweḍ ɣer kra, dɣa ad inin fell-as: «Atan winna d amucar n DRS neɣ d argaz n wakka d wakka…» Annect-a yezmer a s-isemmi yiwen tirrumit.
Argaz n “nnif n twaɣit” ur iseɛɛu “tirrumit”. Ma d tirrumit, nettat teɣleb tirrugza, teɣleb „nnif n twaɣit”. Dacu kan tella tirrumit, yella nnif n twaɣit, yella nnif azeddgan!


text:
Nnig n tneflit i as-d-yettunefken s Yur Axellaq, Sidna Sliman yettwabudd-d daYen s twassna tameqqrant. S twassna-ya, yessawaḍ ad yefru kra n tlufa umi wer yezmir umdan ad yaf tifrat. Yiwen wass, usant-d Yer teYremt n Sidna Sliman snat tlawin, yiwet d timizwiYt tayeḍ d timibrikt. Yal yiwet deg-sent teddem-d agerrud deg ufus is. Igerruden-nni ttemcabin aṭas, maca yiwen deg-sen d amuddir wayeḍ d amettin. Sersent snat tlawin-nni igerruden-nsent sdat n weeric n ugellid, qqumcent, bdunt la d-ḥekkunt ayen tent-id-yewwin Yer dinna. Agellid yesmuzgut-asent s uhannay ameqqran.
“Ay-Unnig-nsen ”, d-tebda tmeṭṭut timizwiYt, “Nekk ttidireY di yiwen wexxam akked tmeṭṭuta ; nettat d takna-inu. Azal n wagur aya, s kra n wussan kan gar-anteY, i snat yid-nteY nurew-d sin yigerruden yellan s tezmert timgerrezt. Armi d iḍelli tameddit, agerrud n tmeṭṭut-a yebda yettiẓẓif. Netta ad yili yemmut kra n tsaetin deffir mi nessexsi tafat akken ad neṭṭes. Ur yefaq yiwen s wayen yeḍran i ugerrud-a siwa yemma-s. DYa imi nekk tuY-iyi YebbseY deg yiḍes alqayan, tfuṛes tagnitt tekker-d di talest, teddem-d agerrud-iw terr waynes deg wemkan-is.
Mi d-ukiY tasebḥit-a, faqeY agerrud yellan Yer yidis-iw ur yesnuffus ara. Mi ḥekkreY nezzeh deg-s, ukzeY netta ur d waynu”. Imir-n kan, tenṭeq-d tmeṭṭut timibrikt tini i Sidna Sliman s yimeṭṭawen deg wallen: “Uhu, ay-Unnig-nsen ! Tameṭṭut-a la teskiddib. Agerrud amuddir d ayla-w”.
Din-din, tegzem-as awal tmeṭṭut timizwiYt twekked-as i Sidna Sliman dakken d amuddir ay d agerrud-is. Sakin la yetteddu ad yekker umerẓi imawi gar snat tlawin-nni. Imir-n dYa, yenṭeqd ugellid Yer-sent: “Dayen ! Dayen ! Imi akk-a yal ta la teqqar d nekk ay d yemma-s n ugerrud amuddir, tura ihi ad nesseedel gar-akent ed wad tellzemt i snat yid-kent”. Akk wid yellan dinna baten ed bdan la ttemseqsayen acu ara yeg ugellid amassan. yerfed Sidna Sliman afus-is yini i yiwen seg yieessasen-is: “Ay-aeessas, ddem-d agerrud-ihin amuddir, bḍu-t Yef sin s tkuba-inek tefkeḍ seg-s i yal yiwet amur-is”.
Din-din tebda tmeṭṭut timibrikt la tettiYwis ed la tessutur deg ugellid akken ad yessemmet andah-is: “AnnaY ay-Unnig-nsen ! Ttxil-k ur t-neqq ara ! Wicqa, efk-as-t i nettat, awi-d kan ad yedder”. Wamma tameṭṭut-nni niḍen, s yiwet tYara tameckukt ay tessentag Sidna Sliman akken ad yereṣṣi andah-is: “D awal uṣwib ay-Unnig-nsen ! bḍu-t Yef sin akken yal yiwet segnteY ad tuYal s tumert Yer wexxam-is s tunt-is”.
Mti yerfed ueessas takuba-ines akken ad yegzem agerrud-nni, yesYel-as Sidna Sliman akken ad yeḥbes. “Efk agerrud-nni i tmeṭṭut-a timibrikt”, ay as-yenna. “Nettat ay d yemma-s, acku siwa tayemmat taḥeqqanit ara yessirmen i mmi-s tudert di tegnit am ta”.
Akk-a ihi, s tumert tameqqrant, tuYal-d tmeṭṭut timibrikt s ugerrud-is Yer wexxam. Ma d takeddabt-nni timizwiYt, nettat tettwazen Yer usaqqal, sakin asmi d-teffeY yebra-y-as wergazis.
(D’après: The Baby with two Mothers, by Anne de Graaf)
Asuqel: Djaafar Messaoudi


text:
Mohamed Oumourak
Lyrics
a ya bismi ira dak ng ixf ukan a yawal
ɣmk lli tn iga sidi rsul i taẓallit
ad ak nɣr a walli dar mad yakka i ku yan
rbbi kad igan ljid ar yakka ar ittrḥam
iɣ ak ifka rbbi hann yan ur ak ikkis
iɣ ak ikks ad ur tazzlt s lḥurum n yan
ddunit wanna tt-id ikcmn inna: "tinnaɣ!"
ddunit tga taḍrḍurt ur ar sawalnt
ad ukan tmmati dar yan ur as ifaq
ddunit n rbbi ay ad, ad ur inna ɣwlin
ula ḍrn-d, rbbi kad ittluḥn yan alln-t-id
yan mmi tlla tins ɣ dar middn itabea awal
bismillah ad nasi laelam win rbbi d win nun
ṣṣalḥin willi ittɣitn swayn (?) ɣ waman
a lawliya kullu n ddunit hajrɣ daɣ srun
ad tḍalbm agllid mqqurn lli igan ḍḍamn
n kuyan ad aɣ rẓmn lawbab ad ...
tazzla ad tusit a ddunit lɣwcim irja knt
ad km iɣwi s ufus ar ukan gim ittgaṭaɛ
lfitna ɣ ddunit ṭṭmɛ ijla middn uḥln
hann a gwma ddunit ar tzayad ɣar lhmumat
d lktrt n jjiwaj ddin ur tn yad ɛaqqln
a lmskin ixxiyr-k rbbi hann kiyyin thnnat
walaynni ad tṣbrt lxir aɣ awn illa d lixrt
ur aɣ-d isngadda rbbi larzaq ur gin yan
gan i kra zund lɛin lmlk ingadda d waman
gan i kra zund asif usin as ɣ uggugn aman
ar isswa ar ikkrz ard kafan ciḍn-d waman


text:
TIGEJDA (KDirect) — D iglafen n yimdanen id yerran i tiɣri n w arraw n tlelli, iw akken ad sizedgen Tamda Ugelmim, yeččuren d iḍumman ṭṭaǧǧan wid yeṭṭmarrihen yal ass dinna.
Asizdeg n Temda Ugelmim id yezgan deg idurar n ǧerǧer ass n 26 ɣuct 2017 uɣur id sawlen w arraw n tlelli, d win id yellan s talwit d unecrah gar akk wid id yusan ad ṭṭekkin.
Atas n yimdanen id yerran i tiɣri agi, Ilmezyen, igerdan d yimɣaren d wid id yusan iw akken, ad arren cbaha i temda ugelmim ssamasen yal ass, wid yeṭṭmarrihen dinna.
TIΓRI IW SIZDEG N TWENNAT SΓUR INAZUREN IQBAYLIYEN
« Tezdeg-iw deg ufus-ik, cbaha-w deg allen-ik » d wagi id awal n yiqbayliyen ihemlen tamurt-nsen.
Dayen igarzen atas, afud igarzen akk, i wid iqedcen deg annar, yessahbibiren ɣef twennat n tmurt taqbaylit.
Tannina.A
Catégories :Actualité, KDirect.info s Taqvaylit


text:
Asmekti n win yegan tazwert i-wass-a n Tmaziɣt.
Yewweḍ-ed wesmekti n umussnaw ameqqran Lmulud n At Meemmeṛ, ad yettwaṛḥem, argaz yefran tamsalt n Tmaziɣt di Lezzayer. Am akken ur ntettu imeɣnasen n 80, 22 n imeḥbas di Tazult, a nernu ɣures 20 yebrir 80, maca Dda Lmulud yal tikelt nettaf-it d azamul deg wayen yeḍṛan meṛṛa, amedya : aselmed amezwaru n Tmaziɣt di tseddawit talemmast, asarag amezwaru di 10 meɣres 1980, yili ɣef wagi i-d-tekker, syen akkin taqṣiṭ tettkemmil, imeɣnasen s-immal ttadfen-ed ɣer leqdic n Tmaziɣt.
Ihi Dda Lmulud nekwni yakw d arraw-is. Dda Lmulud d anifi, yewwi-d aẓaṛ di tjaddit, Tamaziɣt tebɣa a ttejlu ɣef tikelt, netta d warraw-is rrantt-id, nedea-yas amkan di lǧennet.
Amar Tafat
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Nessawel i tdukliwin
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Lmulud n At Mɛmmeṛ yemmut s wemxix n temzirezt(tomobile) di Ɛin Defla, ass n 26 di fuṛaṛ 1989 m' i-d-yuɣal di Lmeṛṛuk yega asarag ɣef Tmaziɣt di Wejda. Dda Lmulud d yiwen wemdan yeɣran aṭas, yessaweḍ tamussni ɣer tillist-is, yura, yessnulfa-d, yesselmed, yerra-d ayen yejlan, yemmut yeǧǧa-yaɣ-d tidett.
D aymi i-d-yewwi a t-id nessmektay yal tikelt, yuklal tajmilt yal aseggas. Yewwi-d i tdukliwin tidelsanin yellan la qeddcent deg wennar, akken ad beggsent tikelt-a ɣer usmekti n Umussnaw N Tmazɣa ! Tanmirt-is i Yillew imi i t nekseb. Am yal tikelt ɣer taggara n fuṛaṛ ywata a nwali awal ɣef Dda Lmulud yegwet s waṭas, d ayen s wayes ara yumer (yefṛeḥ) wegdud Azzayri ladɣa tura bdan ara d-ttakwin.


text:
Tag: Afellay
IneYmisen n tsenselkemt
Agzul : G uYmis n tYellist n Microsoft (Microsoft Security Bulletin) n 13/03/12, ffeYen-d ittsen (kigan ayd gan) imseYtayen Yef tYisa iwtan anagraw n wammud n Microsoft. Tikkelt-a,
Read More
TaYellist
Agzul : G uYmis n tYellist n Microsoft (Microsoft Security Bulletin) n 12/04/11, ffeYen-d ittsen (17 ayd gan) imseYtayen Yef ibexsi iwtan anagraw n wammud n Microsoft. AsYwẓan
Read More
TaYellist
Agzul : G uYmis n tYellist n Microsoft (Microsoft Security Bulletin) n 08/02/11, ffeYen-d ittsen imseYtayen Yef ibexsi iwtan anagraw n wammud n Microsoft. AsYwẓan ittuyawḍen : Microsoft
Read More
TaYellist
Agzul : G uYmis n tYellist n Microsoft (Microsoft Security Bulletin) n 08/02/11, iffeY-d yuwen umseYtay Yef ibexsi iwtan Internet Explorer ameggaru. AsYwẓan ittuyawḍen : Microsoft Internet Explorer
Read More


text:
Seg wasmi i yefra ṭrad-nni amcum, fell-ak ay aqbayli ur tefri, fell-ak ur yuli wass. Ar ass-a deg-k ttkelixen, deg-k zuzunen, ɣas akken ussu-k d inijjel. Deg 1949 ar ass-a deg-k ttdeqqimen, deg-k nekren. Tegriḍ-d di tizi n was-a, ger wayen yellan d wayen tebɣiḍ ad yili, deg-k cwami n yiḍelli ur lḥiment, ljerḥ-ik ur teffiɣen idamen.
Seg 62 kečč d afran, ɣas akken fell-ak iɣeblan ur frin. Tessalayeḍ wid ara k-yeččen, wid ik-yeqqaren d kečč i d lhem n tmurt, d kečč ay dir…
ɣas akken aḍar tegguleḍ ur d terriḍ, ar ass-a deg-sen tferneḍ, deg-sen tettextiriḍ, seg-sen ur yelli win id d-isersen tiṭ-is fell-ak, ula seg wid-ik.
Ikabaren yellan di tmurt n iqbayliyen, ( FFS & RCD ), mi id d-iwḍent tefranin ara d isbedden aselway i tmurt, ttawin-d yiwet n tezlitt “ Nekni d ikabaren iɣelnawen d ikabaren yerṣan di rebɛa n tɣemmar n tmurt n Lezzayer…” Mi ara d-awḍent tefranin n tɣiwanin ttawin-d tizlitt nniḍen “ Limer iqbayliyen ur aɣ-fernen ara, d ikabaren nniḍen ara tt-yawin, ara yeṭfen tamurt n Iqbayliyen, d ikabaren IBARRANIYEN (FLN, RND, MSP…) ara ad aɣ-iḥekmen…”. Melmi yeffeɣ fell-asen d Izzayriyen, mi iḥwaǧen tamurt n Yiqbayliyen ad d-uɣalen d Iqbayliyen, d Imaziɣen, d arraw n tmurt…atg. D wigi iwumi qqaren: “ tetten d wucanen, ttrun d umeksa ” neɣ “Kkaten aɣyul, ddarayen tabarda-s”
Limer iqbayliyen kesben yiwen n yiswi: taqbaylit, tugdut, tilelli d tlilit… tilli ad agin tifranin qeccuc meccuc, d tiyita ara fken i tmurt n Lezzayer, d tiyita n ṣwab, d tiyita ara d as-yilin d tamsirt, acku ala dagi ila yetteḥwiǧi udabu agdud, ala akka i yezmer ad as-d-isel, wammag ayen nniḍen, neɣ akken nniḍen yessen ad yesɛuẓẓeg. Ala ma yaḥwaǧ-ik yiwen i tzemreḍ ad as-tinniḍ ala.
Irnaten Murad


text:
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) neɣ s Teqbaylit tiferkit n uɣanib s udabder n tultayt n tseɣrut isenqaden amek i d-teffɣen isebtar deg browser. Iminig yesnas taseɣrut n uɣanib CSS ɣef iferdisen yettwafernen akken ad ten-id-yesken akken iwata. Taseɣrut n uɣanib tegber timezliyin akked wazalen nnsent, ayen id-yemmalen amek egan isebtar web.
CSS d yiwen seg titiknulujiyin tigejdanin Web, akked HTML d JavaScript. CSS yettwaseqdac labaɛda i Iferdisen HTML, acukan yezmer daɣen ad ittuseqdec akked di tutlayin n tṛekkizin am SVG neɣ XML.
Alugen CSS yettuwennez ar properties icudden ar umsefran. Wagi d amedya yettarran yal taseddaṛt HTML d awraɣ deg ugilal aberkan:
/* Amsefran "p" yemmal-d d akken akk tiseddaṛin deg isemli ara yeḥaz ulugen*/ p { /* Imyerr "color" yemmal-d ini n uḍris, dagi d awraɣ. */ color: yellow; /* Imyerr "background-color" yemmal-d ini n ugilal, dagi d aberkan. */ background-color: black }
"Adabdar" immal-d ilugan amek ara ddun imsefran deg usmizzwer n usnes n ilugan akken ad sniflen arwes n usebter. Ayagi d tamahilt igarzen, acku asmel web asemlal yezmer ad yegber agimen n ilugan CSS.


text: Taddart n Lqalus tura trab.Qqaren asmi-tt mazal tebded, yella deg-s yiwen uḥeddad yesea cci, yerna Yur-s tameṭṭut tzad di ṣṣifa.Yiwen wass qqimen kra n lYaci la heddren di tejmaɛt, inṭeq-d yiwen yenna-as : -Lemmer ad iyi tcehhdem, ad-kkseY i uḥeddad tameṭṭut is. Nnan as: – I kecc s leaqel ik? Yenna-asen: Ṛeggemt iyi kan ar ad yi-tcehdem. Ṛeggemn-as( weɛden-as) . Iruḥ ar tejmaɛt n ccrae,yenna-asen: -SliY i uḥeddad yebra i tmeṭṭut is n tlata fi tlata. Ihi yekks as-tt ccrae. Aqli nekk bYiY ad tt-aYeY. Nnan as : – D lmuḥal ! Yenna yasen 😀 ayen ẓṛan medden . Nnan as : -Awid inagan . Iruḥ yewwi-d inagan widen akken i as-iṛeggmen di tejmaɛt. Cehden as. Tajmaɛt teḥkem tennebra tmeṭṭut. Truḥ. yuɣ- itt urgaz-nni. Yer taggara uYalen armi kksen i uḥeddad ula d tiferkiwin is. Tella di taddart n Lqalus yiwet temYart tegra-d waḥd-s, ur tesei ḥedd. Tewwḍ-d tefsut; bdan medden la teffYen Yer tferkiwin-nnsen. Ala tamYart nni acku ulac wara teğğ deg uxxam is . Ass-nni truḥ, s aḥeddad tru-yas. Yenna-yas : -Ma tebYiḍ ad am-ggeY ttawil. Tenna-yas :- Lemmer ad txedmeḍ tinna… Yenna-yas :- Ad am-xedmeY tasekkart ara yetteskkiren axxam-im si beṛṛa. Di lweqt-nni tiwwura ttsekkirent kan si sdaxel.At taddart, akken walan tamYart, mi tsekker…


text:
Aqla-kem din kan, ssbeh meddi terziḍ aqerru-w Yef ṭṭbel. Kemm tculaḍ di Faffa armi ḥfan isebbaḍen-im, iseY ulac, lisser ulac. Ur tebniḍ ur tuYeḍ. TYile M Leqwas ad am tdum.
Yif-it limmer teYriḍ tacinwat neY tajapunit am akken s-inna Yamuh.
Anef-iyi ad jeYmeY cwiṭ agi n umezzir, terYa tmiṭ-iw!
La m-qqareY, ṭṭbel-nni yecceḍ-asen si ger ifassen i Yiyennaten-nni! Ass-nni deg Yilen ṭṭfen-d izem s ufus, gan tameYra n sebɛa wussan. Ccan sawan, suffYen Yer lemqam! Wanag tura lemqam diri-ten.
La m-qqaren ihi : ṭṭbel-nni yewwi-t wasif iiih, iiih iwwi-t wasif i d am-nniY. Asif n idammen, wayed n yedrimen.
Ula d wid-nni iḍeggren iman-nnsen s aman akken ad t-id sukksen, wa glan yis waman wa ddan icetiḍen-is iqqim akken t-id-tefka tɛebbuḍt n yemma-s. Kker tura wwet-as ad tekker.
A ṭṭbel-nni, iga-t uḍebbal i yiman-is! Nwan-as ad gen wayeḍ am winna, S yedrimen ara sen-ifk baylek. Ur teẓrim ara, tellam meẓẓiyit lecYal n taddart meqqerit, ulamma taddart meẓẓiyet, d uraw, kunwi tYilem dinna i tekmassa dinna i tfuk ddunit. DdYa bitta kunnemti telhamt-d d leḥwaci n wureY, baqlawa d Pizza, Tettumt ayen din idran, tettumt tidli d teYrist Ugawa.
Zik-nni, a yelli ṭṭbel agi la k-qqaren d Turk i t-id yeǧǧan, waqil ayen yelhan akk la qqaren d nitni i t-id yeǧǧan, ula d zzwayel d nitni. Akka la qqaren di Tubirett, Tizi d Bgayet. Imdanen igerrzen d wid yellan d iklac uterki, acu d zzin acu d lekyasa, a kunwi d imuhucen!
Wanag kunwi s cluc-a, ur tecfim ur teẓrim, teqqarem-asen d Ibrubruten i Y-ikellxen. Akka i wen yenna sidi lmir « d Ibrubruten i d ssebba » n lhemm-nnwen!
Am winna s innan: » a wihin ugemmaḍ tesmundelḍ-iyi, kecc ljar-ik iṭṭef-ak issegni, issekfal deg yeẓri-k irennu, yerna teqqareḍ-as suref-iyi!
Walit kan tura : illa deg-wen wi iwalan tawacult n yeYyal? Win ibYan aYyul yav-it-id. Ulac, jami,jami lulen-d di tmurt-nneY. Anef tura, anef kan.
Ihi ṭṭbel-nni zik, nḥemmu yis adris, mi tekker zzedwa ad ttun akk medden annect msekrahen, Yas yella uberrani, ad yuYal am nekkni : ad icḍeh am nekkni ad icc ansi necca ad yanez. Tura d nekkni i d lberrani neereq di lǧeṛṛa-nneY. Cah yehwa-aY. Nekkni d ilelliyen! ImaziYen! ImaziYen!
Ṭbel-nni ah, ass deg ara nekcem Yer lakul neY Yer tesdawit ad d-izzi i taddart. Ad slen leeṛac. Assmi d-neffeY d imusnawen d ikumirsiyen ihi, ur nestufa ara ad t-nerfed ad newwet, nugad ad names neY ad aY d-walin. Wid yunagen Yer temdinin setḥan mulac ad ḍurren ljiran, urnu ljiran-nni ur fehhmen ara acu cennun…ur ilaq ara ur fehhmen ara.
Ippas, ikker umeqqran deg-sen, inna-asen: ad s-neg amkan di tmezgida n taddart. Ma d tamYart tamcumt tugi, teggul s lejdud ar di lemqam n Yemma Mmelxir ara yeqqim.
« Acu kem-id iskecmen akka kemmini tura si melmi neṭṭqent tlawin di lufeq » Jmaaliman ar di tmezgida ara yers, ulac wra t-innalen mara nebnu tamaynut agi (as ibarek Rebbi i mmi s n Muh Akli, yuzen aY-d adrim si Dubay), ihi ad tt-nebnu s uzegzaw d wewraY ad asmen akk laarac….tatabatata ….. »
« Uhuhuhu » i s-tenna temYart, »Ar meddi ! Ar medii dinna ad-iban diddi »
TamYart n Jahennama, akken s-ssawalen ilmezyen, ur tl tetteddu ara s ttbiḥ, tettak lfetra deg Remdan. Ccah tura tecca aqerru-s, tewwed s anda ara naweḍ, thenna at taddart seg isefra-s isemmamen yuli wakuz. Ma d amYar nni, Ssi Lmfelleq, iḥuǧǧ-d, ittak, ittak daawa n lxiṛ.
Ma d tacemlit-nni, tuYad i wefraḍ n iberdan, i bennu n lejwamaa sut uqacuc Idrimen-nni n Baylek ttawin Yer Mekka, wama adrak
I Ṭṭbel?
Ar assa d wussan ur yeYli, ur yeqqirs, ur illixs, mazal-it di tmezgida, yekkaw, ulac wi t-iwalan, imezyanen ur t-ssinen, imYaren mmuten,… ula d imakaren n taddart Yunfan-t, ur ittnuzu ara di ssuq n tebyirin…..
Nettat, yiwen wass, terza-d tayri terra-tt am uwaqqur, tcennu trennu, tebYa ad d-terfed Ṭṭbel, amar ad yicbiḥ usefru, teddem-it, iYli-as si gar ifassen. Times n ugemmad tessehma-tt kan nettat ur tessehma tṭbel-nni. D qurrif, zzegzwen iḍudan-is.
Ṭṭbel ittwazdeY, fell-as ccum. Ikker ucawrar issaY lmuziga, irra-d tinna n Ujitan « Jangu » inna-asen: « yyaw ah » !
« imi yella usebsi anef i ṭṭbel. Ad yili di ccfaya, iqqim d wanza-s…Ṭṭbel deg wulawen.
Nasira ABRUS
15/02/2011