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Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (Taṭalyanit: leo 'nardo di, sɛr' pjɛ:ro da (v)'vintʃi]; 14/15 abril 1452 - 2 mayyu 1519), ittwassen s Leonardo da Vinci, ikka-t-inn iga yan ugtusnak awṭalyan iddren g tleslalit, iruran taynit ɣer kigan n yigran zun d unuɣ, taklut, "sculpture", tasedga, tussna, aẓawan, tusnakt, tajenyurit, tasekla, "anatomie", tusnakalt, tasnallunt, tasnemɣit, "paléontologie", d "cartographie". Ikka-t-inn Leonardo da ittiri ad yisin akkʷ mayd illan ɣef ugama, ad yisin man imek s da teswurri ku taɣawsa, ikka-t-inn awed iḥrec bahra g tiɣri, adiẓayen d usgadda n kraygatt asekkin.
Da ttannayen kigan n medden Leonardo mas iga yan seg yimeklawen akkʷ ixatren g umezruy, wiyyaḍ da t-ttannayen amm wadda yufen akkʷ. Tenna fell-as tamussnawt n umezruy n tẓuri Helen Gardner mas jjin ur ikki mayd t-irwasen, acku ikka-t-inn da iggar taynit-nnes ɣer ugudi n tɣawsiwin amm is ur ili anelli-nnes iwetta. Ar tizi-ad nit, ur ta jju nessin amya ɣef man imek tga "caractère"-nnes g wussan-nnes.
Ilul-d ammas n Vinci, yan yiɣrem imeẓẓin d-yusan tama n Flurinsa, Ṭṭalyan. ittuselɣam ɣef ufus n umsefris d umekla Andrea del Verrocchio afadd imɣur d anaẓur, izzri tudert-nnes s umata-nnes, da iswuri dig-s ɣur yitsen yiristuqraṭiyen iṭalyanen ɣur illa labas. Iseggʷasen-nnes ineggura, idder g yat taddart iẓilen nna as-ifka ugellid n Fṛansa.
Da tettawḥsabent snat g tugniwin-nnes ɣef tugniwin akkʷ ɣur illa waddur g umaḍal, tugniwin-ad, ad tent-igan d Mona Lisa d The last supper (Imensi aneggaru), issufeɣ allu agudi n wunuɣen, yan ittawssanen dig-sen kigan amm Vitruvian Man (Argaz Awvitruv). G umata n tikkal, ikka-t-inn Leonardo da iswingim dima g yisennulfuten imaynutnin, ilin yid-s bedda kra n walugen g ittzemmam akkʷ unuɣen d tektiyin-nnes, amata g yisennulfuten-nnes ur yad ten-ismed. Ad seg-sen naf kra n tektiyin zun d "hélicoptère", "tank", tamsiḍent, "parachute", aṛubu, atilifun, tiẓri n tneflit d "énergie solaire".
Tudert-nnesEdit
Timẓi-nnes, 1452-1466Edit
Ilul-d Leonardo ass n 15 abril 1452, g yat teɣremt tatuskanit n Vinci, g yiɣẓer n wasif Arnu, yura jedd-is Antonio da Vinci ifruriten n tlalit-nnes iddeɣ ta ur iwilen imarawen-nnes akud-nna, iga memmi-s n Ser Piero da Vinci, yan umsentam awflurintin igan anesbaɣur bahra, d Caterina, yat tmazzalt nna ɣef ggudiyen iwenniten d yid lbaṭel, illa mayd ittinin ɣif-s mas tt-inn-tekka tga yat twayya d-ikkan beṛṛa n tmazirt-nnsen, kra n wansa yaggugen amm Ccinwa neɣ Anẓul-Agmuḍan, yili daɣ mayd ittinin mas tt-inn-tekka ur tgi amer yat tmeẓluḍt ult tmazirt-nnsen nnit. D Leonardo, yasi-tt sul baba-s ikellef is-s, teddu yemma-s tiwel diɣ, turu semmus yicirran-yaḍnin. Isem-nnes ummid iga-t "Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci", isnamken "Leonardo, memmi-s n mass Pier u Vinci".
Izzri Leonardo semmus g yiseggʷasen-nnes imezwura akked yemma-s g yat taddart ilan yan wurti, fadd ilemma immutti ɣer Vinci izdeɣ dig-s akked baba-s d tmeṭṭut-nnes tis-snat Albiera, ilin id-sen ula id jedd-is d ɛemm-is Francesco. Ḍart mayd imeqqur Leonardo, ur bahra izemmim ɣef tamẓi-nnes amer yan sin yikettayen nna ẓlin, amezwaru dig-sen, llig iẓẓel yan wass beṛṛa ujguggel-nnes, iddu-d yan ugḍiḍ axatar ar ittaylal nnig-as isli-t s rric-nnes g wudem-nnes. Wis-sin ikettay-nnes ɣur illa uzal iga-t; llig ikka da issara g yan udrar yaf-nn yan yifri, d meqqar illa iggʷed ad yili kra n buxxu jaj-nnes, ur tt-tujji tdewwayt-ann-nnes ad nn ɣur-s ur igger aḍar ad nn-ikcem ifer isnubbec dig-s.
Astudyu n Verrocchio, 1466-1476Edit
Aseggʷas 1466, llig irgel Leonardo 14 useggʷas, yewwi-t baba-s ɣer Flurinsa, afadd ilemmed ɣur unaẓur Verrocchio.
Tekka-tt-inn tga Flurinsa yan udɣar isemmectagen ul n yan isul imeẓẓiy, innurez kra n wass ad yaɣul iga anaẓur, kkin-tt yad kigan d yinuẓar ttwassnen g temrawant n yid 1200 zun d Cimabue d Giotto, dinna ɣer ibeṛṛem yan iɣef-nnes qqad nn-yaf dig-s ifarsen iẓuranen ẓiln aha ttwassnen, ha takatidraliyt takeswatt s talqubbet-nnes tamaynut nna igan tabarawt, ha taglizt n ugʷrram John s tiggura-nnes n wureɣ da sfiqqisen, tili tama-nnes yat teglizt-yaḍen mi ssutulen wattayen-nnes isefrisen d-kkanin imsefrisen akkʷ ttwassnen zun d aselmad n Leonardo s yiɣef-nnes.
Anaẓur nna igan aleḥyan akud-ann, iga-t wadda yufan kra n umassaɣ i tfelwin-nnes, yan nna qad tent ɣur-s yawi s tuggedt-nnsent. Tawja akkʷ nna ibeɣren ammas n Flurinsa n uzemz-nna Medici ad tt-igan, nettni ad ɣur ikka ubergemmi akkʷ ifejjijen ammas n temdint-nna g llan, d iɛezz ɣur-sen ad ssaɣen tifelwin, isefrisen d yisekkinen-yaḍnin nna ẓilen, kkan-t-inn awed da ttraran taynit kiga ɣer tasekla d tfelsuft, kigan d inuẓar iɛerrimen g wakud nna, llan da ttnadsn ad ser-sen ruren ayt Medici d yimeddukkal-nnsen taɣwḍeft.
Ikka ɣur Verrocchio yan ustudyu imeqquren ur isalan, g ikka Leonardo da ittelmad tiɣarasin n tẓuri, imek nna maɣef ikka ɣif-s ccil ad ilmed unuɣ, taklut, asefres d umsudem. Maca g wakud igan yan, ilmed allu kraygatt tasugert tunfiɛt illan dinna, zun d takrura, tagemɣuzt, tagebbaṣt, tawuri n yilmawen, tamikanikt d tnesramt.
Ur id ɣas Leonardo i waḍu-nnes ad ikkan astudyu-nna, kkan-tt-inn amunen dig-s agudi n yimeklawen-yaḍnin, yili akkʷ dig-sen mayd yaɣulen ila ccenɛet nna imeqquren, zun d Ghirlandaio, Perugino d Botticelli. Inaẓuren-ad, ur ugiren Leonardo s wala n yiseggʷasen. Da ittales Giorgio Vasari yat tenfust ilan azal ɣef tizi-ad g tudert n Leonardo, mani da ikka Verrocchio ar ikellu yat tfelwit taxatart iqqnen ɣer wuddum (baptême) n umasiḥ, ifka-as i Leonardo tamehla n wad iklu yan g yineglusen nna d-yusan ɣef uẓelmaḍ-nnes. Inna Vasari mas tt-ikʷla Leonardo s yat tmamekt imek helli tfulki, isres d akkʷ Verrocchio taccita-nnes s yat teklit, ur jju d nettan ad sul ikʷlan kra g tudert-nnes. Mek igger yan s yan usmaqqel nna ineɣden, qenna ifrek yan i mas d Leonardo ayd ixedmen ula igezzumen-nna-nnes yaḍnin, zun d izṛan, amzaz aqehwi d ula tamuɣli-nnes n tɣʷrdin. Da ttalsen diɣ ɣef Leonardo mas isennulfa ɣif-s Verrocchio akud-nna yan usefris awbrunẓ i David, ixdem-t ɣef wudem-nnes.
Aseggʷas n 1472 amm yimek nna, ass-nna irgel 20 useggʷas, igula-nn Leonardo "Guild" n St Luke (Luke Agʷrram), yat tmaddast n yinaẓuren d yiḍukturen n tesnijjit, d meqqar issersel bba-nnes yan ustudyu nna igan winnes i yiɣef-nnes, iqquma Leonardo ɣur Verrocchio iddeɣ ɣurs-tɛezza tawuri dinna.
Tawuri nna akkʷ iqburen ɣur Leonardo, ɣef uyenna ittwassnen, d unuɣ n wasif Arnu ittawskaren s uɣanib, ittuzemmem ɣef usakud n 5 ɣuct 1473, yili dɣi g usefser n Uffinzi.
Tudert-nnes tazzulant, 1476-1499Edit
Adday da ittara Vasari ɣef Leonardo, da dig-s issemras itsen yiwaliwen zun d amɣar, amafkay, "gracieux" d ufalkay, da aɣ-issaweḍ Vasari mas t-inn-ikka Leonardo g tiɛɛurma-nnes, iga yan urgaz nna iɣezzifen iɣudan, ikka-t-inn awed idus kigan aha igeḍḍer, is akkʷ iɣey ad issefṛeɣ tisaliwin n yisan ɣas s yifassen-nnes qqurnin. Iẓil bahra umesli-nnes da itteftan yis-s wanna as helli isellan, isiggel kraygatt yan tiddukkla-nnes akud-ann. Ikka-t-inn iga yan umeccimɣan ɣur ɛezzan imudar, kra tikkal, da issaɣ igḍaḍ irẓem-asen ad ddun iberdan-nnsen, iddeɣ da ittiri ad ten-iseksiw g tlelli.
Ikka-t-inn Leonardo iga yan unaẓur ilan yat tmefkit taxatart, isennulfa aseggʷas 1482 yat "lyre" n uẓref (nnqeṛt) ɣef talɣa n yiɣef n wayyis, azemz g ikka yan unebbaḍ nna igan amaynu ammas n temdint n Milan agafa n Ṭṭalyan, iga s yisem Ludovico il Moro, yan uduk isqellaqen inebbaḍen-yaḍnin. Yuzen Lorenzo n ayt Medici Leonardo ɣer Milan amm umesqad-nnes afadd ifek i Ludovico Lyre-nna-nnes amn yat trezzift d-ikkan tixxutert-nnes. Yura Leonardo i uduk n Milan yat tebratt, da dig-s ittales akkʷ isekkinen-nna cwanin gin unfiɛnin, nna mi iɣey ad ten-issker, zun d asennulfu n tmakinin n yinaɣan. Yara-as allu s usegzel mas "issen awed iklu", ur akkʷ ikki dat-as g wakud-nna mas qqad ittwassen s usekkin-ad nnit s yiɣef-nnes. Iqquma Leonardo g Milan da iswurri ɣur uduk ger iseggʷasen n 1482 d 1499, ikka ɣur-s yan umur g twuri-nnes nna iẓlin ɣas s udiẓayen n "défilés" n tfugliwin d yid kaṛnabal, ttyafan ɣur-s awed g walugen-nnes kra n wunuɣen i tmelsa n tmezgunin, itsen yimsegdalen issebhaḍen d kra n yisinaryuten yallfus ad ilin assaɣ d umezgun.
Leonardo, zun d nettan zun d amata n yinaẓuren bahra ttwassnnen g uzemz-nnes, kkan-t-inn ɣur-s idsen yimazzalen g ustudyu-nnes, swa inelmaden iɛerrimen swa imawasen meqquren, ikka-t-inn yan g yinelmaden-nnes iga s yisem Gian Giacomo Caprotti da Oren. Ikka-t-inn iga yan urba iɣudan iṭṭafen "curls" n wureɣ ɣezzifen aha fulkin. Da id-s ittas ad ig tamudemt n yineglusen ɣur yinaẓuren g wussan-nna. Maca iga awed yan uxendallas nna immran, ɣas "Salai" neɣ "Salaino" (isnamken "iblis ameẓyan") ayd as-iqqar Leonardo.
Yura Leonardo g walug-nnes ɣef Salai, mas t-inn-ikka iga yan uḍemmaɛ d yan bu tkerkas ur ilin anaw, d mas t-inn-ikka daɣ, dima da as-ittaker tiɣawsiwin-nnes g taddart, idder id-s ammas n uzedduɣ-nnes i 30 yiseggʷasen amm unelmad d umazzal-nnes.
Ayyis AxatarEdit
Afares n Leonardo akkʷ ilan atig akud-ann g uzemz n twuri ɣur Ludovico, iga-t asennulfu n yan usefris axatar ɣef talɣa n yan umnay nna issudan ayyis-nnes, ad ssimɣuren is-s anebbaḍ-nnsen izwaren Francesco Sforza. Izwur-d Leonardo s wayyis, deffir mayd isker tuzrawin-nnes mliḥ ɣef tussna n tfekka issutulen anaw-ad g yimudar, issuneɣ-asen itsen yidiẓaynen; isennulfa d yan wayyis n tallaɣt igan axatar, nna mi iga s yisem "Gran Cavallo" (Ayyis Axatar), ikka-t-inn yummel ad as-ittuga abrunẓ-nnes afadd yaɣul ig ayyis awbrunẓ akkʷ nna igan axatar g umezruy atrar. Maca ur as sul semmden tawuri-nnes s temgeṛẓawt. Aseggʷas 1494, ifka Ludovico abrunẓ nna akkʷ ɣur-sen illan ma s tteggan "cannons" iddeɣ d ikcem ɣif-sen userdas awfṛansis iḍemmɛen ad ten-isdurriy. Ayyis n tallaɣt ixatren, isul ukan ibedd tizi-nna g d-yuɣul diɣ umesdurry awfransis s Milan aseggʷas n 1499 afadd daɣ armen ad kkin nnig-asen, tikkelt-ad, ssmersen-t g usleɣmu n tniyyact, xlun-t kull.
Tamgudt n IsulilenEdit
Izzri Leonardo snat tseqqimin n teklut ɣur illa waddur tizi nna g ikka da iswuri ɣur Ludovico. Yat seg-sent; ad isker yat tfelwit tazitiyt nna ɣa iddun ɣer s aseɣres axatar n tegmat n usemmeḍren iɣusen (Confraternity of the immaculate conception), isker dig-s Leonardo snat tfelwin yajj yat ɣur yimhiwac n Milan, yiwi id-s tayyaḍ ɣer Franṣa, teqquma-nn. Ad tt-inn-yaf wenna tt-iran ass-a g usalay n Louvre.
Ur mmzarayent tfelwin-ad s yisem, da mmalant s sin-itsent amuɣli n Maryam Tamgudt akked wazzan-nnes Ɛissa, ammas n yan udɣar ameḍlus nna igan kullu isulilen,َ mani g rad mmaggaren akked John Amseddam. Tella yat tenfust (nna ur illin g Injil, tili ɣas g taysi tawmasiḥt) ɣef man imek s imlala Ɛissa ameẓyan akked John g ubrid ittawin ɣer Misṛa. G tmuɣli-ad, illa John ar ittẓalla; yall-d Ɛissa ameẓyan afus-nnes isnemmer-t/ibarek-t. Tettwassen tfelwit-ad n Leonardo s unezwi-nna-nnes ikerrmen nna aɣ-takka, asidd-nnes aɣrib ikkaten s yan usyafa ittawin tiysas, imula-nnes dranin d tmuɣli-nnes n tɣwerdin immalan agelmam d yidurar ammas n taggut. Ur jjin akkʷ tettawskar kra n tfelwit nna tt-irwasen ayd izrin kull.
Imensi AmeggaruEdit
Tis-snat tfelwin ilan addur ɣur Leonardo g Milan, is akkʷ tettwassnent uggar n tiyyaḍ. Nettat ayd igan s yisem Imensi Aneggaru (the Last Supper), da temmala imensi akkʷ igguran ɣur Ɛisa s tamunt n yimeḥḍaren-nnes dat n wammaẓ-nnes d menɣiwt-nnes. Ista Leonardo ad iklu imir-nna g ittini Ɛisa "qqad iyi-iɣḍer dig-un kra n yan", da ittales Leonardo addad n ubhaḍ d unnuɣjef nna yumẓen ineḍfaren-nnes s simraw, da t-ittales s tɣarast n yimuggan d wudmawen n yimdanen ammas n tfelwit. Idsen, llan ar sawalen, idsen llan bidden, idsen yaḍnin, llan ar kkaten s yifassen-nnsen s wancet-ann n tawda.
Ikka-t-inn uneggal Matteo Bandello da iẓerra Leonardo ammas n twuri-nnes. Yura ɣif-s mas da izzray mennaw n wussan; ɣas da ikellu akkʷ mayd ila wass s war utci, iɣewjdem diɣ yan kṛaḍ neɣ d kkuẓ n wussan-yaḍnin ur dig-sen ikellu wala isker awed ḥaḥ, kra n tikkal; ɣas da ittṣemmar dinna mnid n tfelwin-nnes ittraɛa dig-sent. Inna Vasari mas as-ulin idammen i umɣar n teɣzamt tamhawcant, itter-as ad issneɣmes Leonardo s mas iqqan ad iswurri s timmri. Inna Vasari mas t-inn-ikka Leonardo ittecṭen akkʷ, iddeɣ ur inni d yiɣef-nnes is qqad nit iɣey ad isgadda udem n Ɛisa mezyan, inna-as i uduk; mas yallfus is dad isker g wudem n umɣar n yimhiwac tamudemt-nnes iẓlin s Judas ameɣdar.
Deffir mayd tettusemmad tawuri n tfelwit, nnan ɣif-s kull widda tt-iẓran s umata-nnsen mas d tawuri-nnes akkʷ nna yufen ayenna.
Maca ur yad issemres Leonardo i tfelwit-nna-nnes kra ufrisku as-d-yusan, iga-as yat "tempera" iggi n gissu (gesso), nna ur da ittusemrasen yad lli i wanaw-ad n tfelwin n uɣrab. Imek nna, maɣef as-itettca tɣʷrdin-nnes txemmej kull, terwi s yat teklit ḍart yat tmiḍi n yiseggʷasen. Meqqar iḍer uklu n kra g wamuren-nnes seg uɣrab, tekka-tt-inn tettwassen tafelwit-nna kigan, ancet nna dig-s ittusgzen ittusneɣlen yuti akkʷ tifelwin tisegdanin n umaḍal.
Tudert-nnes tazzulant, 1499-1513Edit
Aseggʷas 1499, seḍren Ludovico il Moro. Immutti Leonardo seg Milan akked umazzal-nnes Salai d umeddakkel-nnes amusnak Luca Pacioli s Vinisya. Iswuri dinna Leonardo amm umasgad d ujenyur aserdasan. Acku tga Vinisya yat temdint ibeddan ɣef kigan n tegzirin, yurem Leonardo ad iswingim g yitsent tɣarasin ma s tettegdal azzaɣen n yiɣeṛṛuba d-kkanin icenga. Aseggʷas 1500, yuɣul Leonardo ɣer Flurinsa s tamunt n yimazzalen d yinelmaden-nnes. Fkan-as imhiwac n teɣzamt "Holy Annunciation" yat taddart d yan ustudyu imeqquren.
Tamgudt d urba akked Anne Tagʷrramt d John AmseddamEdit
Ibda Leonardo tawuri ɣef yat tfelwit-yaḍen, ig-nn yan uɣawas g yiɣef-nnes issuneɣ-as yat tunuɣt imeqquren; immalan Mayram Tamgudt, tɣewjdem ɣef ufud n yemma-s Anne Tagʷrramt tasi id-s tazzant-nnes Ɛisa, yili ɣef ufasi-nnes John Amseddam (Baptist). Inna Vasari mas da tessebhaḍ tunuɣt-ad nna igan tafalkayt akkʷ midden, ddan-d ad tt-annin irgazen d tmeṭṭutin, imeẓyanen wala wid meqqurnin s tigrummawin, ad tinid is d kra n umuggar axatar a s d-yusa umata. Dɣi, iɣey ad tt-inn-yaf wenna g Usefser Anamur, London. Meqqar teqbur aha tezzef kigan, tili ammas n yat tmeṣriyt illasen, da ttekkan midden asefser-nnes kraygatt ass afadd helli skubbren bnid-as. Zun d nettat zun d mennawt g twuriwin n Leonardo, ur as jju ismid tafelwit-nnes.
Imenɣi n AnghiariEdit
G 1502 d 1503, iswurri Leonardo ɣur Cesare Borgia, aristuqraṭ nna idusen, memmi-s n wis-sḍis Ibabaten Alexander. Ikka-t-inn Leonardo da ittmuddu id-s amm yan umasgad d ujenyur aserdasan, da ttekkan mennaw yidɣaren jaj n Ṭṭalyan. Tigira n 1503, yurri-d Leonardo s Flurinsa, igula-nn "Guild" n Luke Agʷrram i teklit-yaḍen.
Tettunefka-as yat tmeskirt bahra istawhemman sɣur useqqim (Signoria) n Flurinsa, ran dig-s ad asen-iklu yan seg sin yifriskiyen-nna ixataren nna ɣa ittyagalen ammas n yiɣerban n tmeṣriyt akkʷ ɣur illa waddur g ubergemmi n useqqim-nna, ittukellaf Michelangelo s teklut n Imenɣi n Cascina, ikellef Leonardo s tin Imenɣi n Anghiari. Issenta Leonard g usenfar-nnes, isker tizrawin-nnes ɣef wudmawen n yirgazen rfanin d yisan-nnsen mmaɣnin, issuneɣ-ten, sulen ukan unuɣen-ad ar dɣi g walugen-nnes. Maca s temgerẓawt, dad ig uyad yan ufcal diɣ, sɣur Leonardo, acku llig ikʷla tugna-nna g uɣrab, adɣar n wad issemres afrisku, ismerkes-as ikʷlan-nnes aked zziyt, imek-i, maɣef ggammin ad zwun. Ukan, llig yurem ad ten-issreɣ ɣas s yimikk n wafa, tefsi-as tfelwit kullu-tt. Issuneɣ Peter Paul yat tunɣilt i wamur-nnes anammas, awin-as-d ayt useqqim n teɣremt ḍarat yat tizi ma rad as daɣ yalsen g uɣrab. Ur ikemmil Michelangelo tafelwit-nnes awed netta iddeɣ as-iɣra ubaba ad iddu ɣer Ruma.
Mona LisaEdit
Attayen n 1503, ibda Leonardo ar ikellu tafelwit n yat tmeṭṭut ittwassnen s Mona Lisa, tasefrist akkʷ ɣur illa waddur inger tifelwin-yaḍnin kull. Mennaw yiseggʷasen ad dig-s izzri, tga yat tugna tameẓyant ittwaklun s zziyt iggi n yan yifil n ukeccuḍ. Da temmala udem, tafegga tunnigt d yifassen n yat tmeṭṭut ilsan amm tmeṭṭutin n ku ass. G tsefrisin, da tlessa yad-lli tameṭṭut timelsa-nnes d tzuzaf-nnes akkʷ ufnin. Imil daha, telsa Mona Lisa yat tqendurt iḍlan d yan waddal igan abexxan afella yiɣef-nnes. G umata n tikkal, da ittajja Leonardo g tfelwin-nnes itsent yizumal ma s da yakka kra n tmula (indices) ɣef umdan nna dig-s ittilin. Ayenna igan aɣrib aha ur imyar awed yan g tugna-ad, d uyenna as-ifkan isem-nna s tettwassen ass-a iga-t uzmummeg-nnes: Mona Lisa Giaconda, da tesnamek Giaconda "tanna itteḍṣan", (tg Mona asegzel n Madonna isnumken "Lalla-nu".)
Maɣ allig bahra tettwassen tfelwit-ad, iga-t acku tektur s yimennufaren, da ssuguren allen n Mona Lisa ɣer yimannayen-nnes, maca ur inni awed yan dig-sen ad d-ildi uyenna issaran iɣef-nnes. Allen-nnes d wawed imi-nnes, ayad kull, da ittumanen amm ig da izmummug, tamsalt nna igan tanaynut g teklut n tsefrisin azemz-nna, acku da dig-s ittuman umata yad lli is igan ajiddi, is illa d wallaɣ-nnes. Iceqqa ad yakwez yan tinfaliyin n wudem n Mona Lisa s usenɣed, acku mek yad ira yan ad iɣer isyafaten n wayyaḍ yakez-ten da ittli ɣif-s ad nn-igger s usmaqqel-nnes g yidisan d tuɣmirin n wallen-nnsen d yimawen-nnsen. Maca Leonardo, ixdem-tt s yat tmamekt s tettumanen itsen yimula fessusnen amm ig da ttekkan idisan n wudem-nnes, ameggerḍ akked yifassen-nnes, da tettusemma tmamekt-ad s "sfumato" (isnumken "aggu" s taṭalyanit). Ḍart mayd tt-ẓran kra n yinaẓuren-yaḍnin, nnan nnican d yiɣfawen-nnsen mas d ur rad sar izḍar yan ad yales i kra n tfelwit nna igan zun d nettat.
Tudert-nnes tazzulant, 1506-1516Edit
Aseggʷas 1506, yurri-d Leonardo s Milan akked yinelmaden-nnes, idder g taddart-nnes nna d-yusan g Porta Orientale. Aɣulen yidsen g yinelmaden-nnes gan imeklawen: Bernardino Luini, Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio d Marco D'Oggione. Isker D'Oggione mennawt tunɣilin i Imensi Ameggaru, isker Luini yat i Tamgudt n Isulilen, ikʷla Boltraffio d wiyyaḍ kigan n tugniwin n yid Madonna d Urba, iɣey ad tent-inn-yaf wenna tent-iran g yisefsar n tẓuri d ula tiglizin.


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Tafṛansist – Taglizit – Tamaziɣt
Lexique d’informatique
Français – Anglais – Berbère
Tehga-t-d : Samiya Saad-Buzefran
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Idlisen d wid I d-nḥawec seg yal tama, nebɣa ad ten-zen iked wiyaḍ mebla ma nurǧa taseglit n idrimen anagar, asnerni n tutlayt-na, d usisdeg n umawal i nseqdac di tudert n yal ass.
Tajmilt tamezwarut ad tuɣal I imyura d tezrigin I d-isufɣen Imawalen-agi.
Ma yella umeskar neɣ umsizreg nḍur, ad aɣ-d-yesiweḍ izen ɣer Tansa-nneɣ, imir kan ad nesfeḍ amudd, ma yella ines.”

robotstxt: allowed

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Black lives matter, wer ineqq ca icemlalen, mamec asitem n tudert di lehna i yewdan yellan Homo-sexual wer ittekkes walu i wenni yellan Heterosexual.
Amenni la d asitem n lehna i yenni yellan di Filisṭin urid ittegg abniq niɣ issusum x tseqqar n yenni yellan di Tmezɣa. La d tkessit n wemnus niɣ twiza aked ca n lgens, wer ɣer-s ca ccuruṭ, zemmarɣ ad swiziɣ aked wajjer, a das‑uceɣ ad yecc, waxxa nec wer ɛrimeɣ min ɣa cceɣ mala netta yelluẓ ktar zzayi.
X uneggar-a, aṭṭas n imaziɣen i yemsiqḍan x umseqḍi yellan jer Yisrayiliyyin d Ifilisṭiniyyen, inni wer yeqbilen ad ksin Imaziɣen s wemnus‑a, deg‑sen tnayen n yeklusa:
Aklasi ameẓwar: Yeqqar‑asen mayemmi tkessim s wemnus i Filisṭin, nitni ɛemmars wer dasen‑necqi.
Suyenni i bdiɣ awal x iberkanen, d homosexuality, minzi waxxa walliɣ d aberkan, niɣ d Homo‑sexual, zemmerɣ ad kid‑sen swiziɣ di tɣawsa‑nsen (lqadiyya) mala ttwaliɣ belli ttwaseḥqarn, minzi mamek yettwaseḥqar netta yellan di drust, zemmerɣ la d nnec tiwecca ad iliɣ di drust. Ad kid‑i afeɣ ca n ḥedd qaɛ wer kidi yecric amnus, maca ibedd akid‑i.
Amenni marra tiɣawsiwin di yella ddlem (zi jjiht‑nneɣ ), ddlem‑a waniti i daneɣ itejjan ntettliɛ di tmura am imedyazen zik. Imedyazen wer yufin wi kid‑sen ɣa ibedden, minzi marra teqqar: necc wer lliɣ d amedyaz ḥima a dasen‑ksiɣ s wemnus, al mani dewlen neṭṭlen berra i tmeḍlin n jjmaɛet.
Aklasi wiss tnayen: yeqqar‑asen, mayemmi wer teqqarm awal n tidet ula di min ittemsarn di tmura‑nwem.
Min ittemsaran di tmura‑nneɣ, mkul ijj mamek t‑ittwala, din wi yettwalan tamurt‑nneɣ tehna, wer testihell aɣewweɣ, din ɛawed wi tt‑ittwalan xessen x‑as ibeddan. Din wi tt‑ittwalan tettwaḥewwes.
Lxeẓrat‑a i di ntett ayawya mkul ass, d tina itejjan iwdan‑a wer ttexsen ad yini la d ijjen belli qa yeqqes‑as ca n bnadem di ca n tmurt. lebda yeqqar‑as tɣawsa‑nneɣ d amezwar.
Maca, zegg yenni itaɣen x yenni ibedden aked Filisṭin (abeddi s wawal d tira waha ɛad) ttafed‑ten kessin bandu n Kurdistan, tteqsen‑asen ikurdiyyen, Amek ttafed ca zzag‑sen bedden ttwalat yeɛdan aked Kaṭalunya, niɣ aked leqbayel.
Ɛawed aṭṭas n tmeslayin ttemsebḍan dag‑sent yewdan di lxezrat, din wi yettwalan ca n tɣawsa temɣer, din umi wer tecqi qaɛ.
S manaya marra, xseɣ ad iniɣ, mkul ijj yessawal x minzi yumen, la d ijj ma ɣer‑s lḥeqq ad yini i ḥedd mayemmi tbedded aked win, wer tbedded aked tin. Minzi manayenni i zi tumned cem/cek nhara, izemmer tiwecca ad zzag‑s tḍelqed, ad tdewled ttamned s ca nniḍen. Suya, qbel amsebḍi di tmuɣriwin d lxeẓrat di ttasiɛ ataf ad cem/cekk qeblen yewdan di tteḥsirt!


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Deg ineggura-ya n iseggusa, tufa tẓuri (Art) s marra yeklusay-nnes, tibridin d jjdid i zi ɣa tugur akked ibeddilen i iweqɛen deg umidya (Media). Artista ttuɣa dd‑yessufuɣen Kassiṭa d CD ixlef-itent s Spotify, iTunes, Netflix…, pelikulat mmuttyent zi sintat ɣer Netflix. Amenni i temsar la i artistat iressmen, dewlen ttafen imukan deg Internet a deg-s mmlen tilwiḥin-nsen.
Internet yessehwen timeslayin aṭṭas x artista. Yeznuza mani yexs, melmi ma yexs, ittawi tasɣart temɣer x qbel, minzi neqsen x-as isemsarn d firmat n usewweq, zeg ij n jjiht. Zi jjiht‑nniḍen yedwel izemmer ad yaweḍ legnus marra s ij n uklik, ulid am qbel ttuɣa yeznuza di ddcar waha.
Internet yerẓem tawwurt i yeklusay n tẓuri i ttuɣa Wer ten-nessin, alami yedwel yettban-aneɣ-dd ca n twalatin, axmi artista-nni, yessen i Internet waha, tettafed-t wer itteg walu. Itteg ɣir ifuṭuten-nnes niɣ ca n ibidyuten wer deg‑sen yeddid, wer deg‑sen yexdim. Maca waxxa amenni yiweḍ yedwel d lḥajet. Yedwel yettwassen kter zeg imeɣnaj ixedmen aṭṭas n iseggusa maḥend ad awḍen. Internet yeqleb tẓuri x uzellif, yerẓem tawwurt i kulci, ameẓẓyan awessar, marra ɣer-s lḥeqq ad tjerreb ccwirti-nnes, iḥenjiren d tḥenjirin tturjan ad dewlen qaɛ ittaweḍ‑asen wawal deg internet (influencer).
Ar da, yettban-dd kulci yecna, kulci yeggur mliḥ. Maca mamec wenni i ittegen tẓuri, itteg-itt s/deg internet, amenni la d wi das-itteggen ccan, iitteg-it s/deg internet. Wi iḥekkmen x artista ma ittawyit-idd ma lla ? cḥal ɣa yekk artista yedder? Melmi ɣa yemmet? Manaya am lebda ḍḍebbaran deg-s inni umi itteɛjib. Inni t-iḍffren.
Deg ij n lweqt ttuɣa ttebsil n leɣnuj, mala neksi aɣennij s umedya, ittek asegg°as yekmel di ssuq, artista yettwassan yisem-nnes, ttwassanen iɣennijen-nnes i lebda, la d yenni t-iḍeffren ttrajan ɣer-s ad yegg jjdid. Qqaren-asen “Fans”, ca zzeg‑sen ttawḍen ar t-ɣa-ɛebden.
Nhara deg wakud n Spotify d Netflix, deg wakud i di yedwel kulci yeshel, yedwel usenflul (Creativity) Wer isekk°i, yedwel artista Wer isekk°i. Minzi nettaf belli d klikat i itejjan artista izemmer ad isiɣi, ad yili d nnumru n 1, lxedmet-nnes n jjdid lebda ad tban ɣer yewdan. Amek wenni ɣer llant tenɛacin, niɣ ifirmar akked ca n firma tejhed, d wenni izemmern ad yaweḍ deɣya, minzi kulci yebna x usuwweq. La zik ttuɣa amenni, sewweq sselɛet ad taweḍ iwdan, maca assa din ij n lferq yemɣer, d wenni itteggen artista.
Melmi dd-tesrusid taẓuri di ssuq n internet, klikat-nni i das-itticcen balur, ‑leḥsab (statistik) yeqqar ‑ n tḥenjirin d iḥenjiren wer yeqfilen ɛad 18 n iseggusa. Tteslan niɣ ttfarrujen ijt n twalat niɣ tnayen. Zi klikat-nni, ttedwal lxedmet-nni d “nnumru n 1”. Di lweqt-a yedwel Artista yettwaḥsab ittawi-tt-idd xmi i ttaweḍ ad yesseqnaɛ inni imeẓẓyanen. Ulid am zik, ttuɣa ittek di temsizzit n ukritik, d tyacitin n yewdan ɣer-sen mala drust 30 n iseggusa n umeḥḥen d umquṭṭus akked d tudert, d uqasi zi mkul aklasi n tcuni d tẓuri.
Manaya yerẓa arsitat aṭṭas, al mani yedwel ssuq Wer deg-s yeqqim min ɣa yɛejben, melmi dd-ittban ca n artista ittawi-tt-idd. Yedwel wer daneɣ-dd-ittbin jer waṭṭas n yenni i ittiraren waha, niɣ i itjerrben ccwirti-nsen waha.
Assa azgen ameqqran n Apps nnurẓment i yewdan zi 12 iseggusa sennej, amek zemmern ad inin awal-nsen, ma teɛjeb-asen tẓuri-nni niɣ lla! Awal-nsen d wenni yessalayen pilikulat d iɣennijen di Charts, d wenni i zi ttawḍen “inaẓuren” waxxa Wer ssinen manis idd-ɣa-kken i tẓuri. Manaya ineqq aṭṭas n artistat i itteggen tiẓemmar mɣrent ad xedmen ca n lḥajet tecna, niɣ ad ssiwḍen ca n tebrat, tamaren deg-s, kerfsen maḥend ad awḍen. Maca teɣḍel-iten tsatalt (Generation) n Tiktok, i iḥekkmen x uɣennij s ubidyu klip, x pilikula s wanict n min deg‑s yennqelben d ṭṭumubilat, x iṭabluten s wanitc i dd‑iwyen n ijimen!
Ɣer ɛawed: Mamec i ittemsurrufen inaẓuren d imariten aked tweḥdanit ?


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Imeẓuɣen agenin
Imeẓuɣen agenin (Isem usnan: Plantago lanceolata) d talmest n yemɣi seg twacult n Plantaginaceae (fr) . Carl Von Linné d amdan amezwaru i yuran fell-as deg useggas n 1753.
Tilmas[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ismawen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Isem-is s latinit: Plantago lanceolata
- Isem-is s tefransist: Plantain lancéolé, Oreilles de lièvre
- Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit:
- Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt:
Isseqdac[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Izdayen Iberraniyen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Media ɣef Plantago lanceolata deg Wikimedia Commons
- Data ɣef Plantago lanceolata deg Wikispecies
Tiwelhiwin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ 'Plantes médicinales de Kabylie' - Mohand Aïd Youssef - Ibis Press -Paris 2006


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Facebook si tama, ayen i d-yeqqimen si tmeddurt-ik tumḍint si tama-nniḍen n talast, di tlelli.
Awi asiɣzef Facebook Container
Sader Firefox sakin awi aseɣzaf Facebook Container
Asiɣzef Facebook Container yella kan tura i Firefox i tnarit.
Rzu ɣer www.mozilla.org/firefox/new/ akken ad tawiḍ Firefox i tnarit.
Awi Firefox i Android d iOS tura.
Ɣur-k azref ad tiniḍ ala
Facebook yezmer ad yeḍfeṛ meṛṛa armud-ik di Web sakin ad t-yeqqen ar tmagit-ik n Facebook. Ma yella twalaḍ d aṭas, asiɣzef Facebook Container ad yerr timagt-it deg yiccer as umniḍ i yiman-is, ayen ara yesweɛren abrid i Facebook akken ad ak-yeḍfeṛ di Web ma mačči di Facebook.
Sebded, sakin gzem-itt di ṛṛay
Asebeddi n usiɣzef fessus, saki ticki yermed, Facebook ad d-yeldi deg iccer anili yal aseqdec. Seqdec-it akken tuɣeḍ tanumi. Facebook yezmer yal tikelt ad d-yazen adellel akked iwellihen ɣef usmel-nsen, acu kan, ad as-yiwɛir i Facebook ad iseqdec armud-ik yettwaleqḍen beṛṛa n Facebook akken ad ak-d-yazen adellel d yiznan-nniḍen icudden ar wayen tettwaliḍ.
Ɣef Firefox d Mozilla
Terfed-aɣ Mozilla, tuddsa ur yettnadin ara tadrimt, i yesseḥbibiren ɣef uḥraz n Internet gar ifassen n yimdanen meṛṛa. Nesnulfa-d asiɣzef-agi acku nɛil d akken yessefk ad ilin ɣur-k ifecka fessusen i useqdec akken ad teṭṭfeḍ gar ifassen-ik taɣellist akked tbaḍnit.


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Toponymes dans la région de Ouadhias (Villages Ait Abdelmoumen et Cheurfa)
Date2017
Author
ZEDDEK, DJOUHAR
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
Tazrawt-agi-inu tewwi-d awal ɣef yismawen n temnaḍin d tferiwin (toponymie) n tamenaṭ iwaḍiyen, imi d wagi id asental i ɣef iqadcaɣ. Sfehmaɣ-d belli la toponymie d lɛinsar n tiktiwiw i win yebɣan ad yefhem neɣ ad inadi ɣef yedles n yal tamnaḍt acku la toponymie d yiwet n tmusni tegmaɛ aṭas n tmusniwin am umezruy. Syin ɣer-s uɣalɣ-d ɣer tmukrist (problematique). Ayen ɣ icuɣben deg uxeddim-agi d awalen n teqbaylit ɣ iṛuḥen. Yal lǧens iɛeddan di tmur-nneɣ yewwi-d tutlayt-is yesseblaɛen cwiṭ cwiṭ tamaziɣt yuɣalen teṭṭeftutus armi dtegwra d tagujilt. Rnu ɣer wannect-a, mi ara nissin “la toponymie” n temnaḍin nniḍen, mezmer a naf deg sent kra isalrn ɣef tɣawsiwin nniḍen ama deg umezruy, laɛwayed, tudert n yal n imezdaɣ-nsent. Di tazwara agi id fkiɣ tamaukrist : Ø Dacu-ten iṭopniyen (les toponymes) n Iwaḍiyen ? Ø Amek tga talɣa-nsen ? Ø Dacu i dasaɣ isnamkiyen yellan ger-asen ? Ø Dacu id anamek-nsen ? Axeddim-agi yebḍa af sin n ihricen: Di tazwara germ-ɣed amud n yismawen n yegran, lexlawi d idurar ; yal amkan isɛan isem nesedda-t-id. Sin ger-s tazrwet tamzwarut anda id nwi awal gef wamek ulgn wawalen-agi, sin ger-s deg uhric wis sin newi-d awal gef unamk n wawalen id negrew di snat tuddar n iwadiyen. Ad naf kra n imdeyaten inesqdec deg uhric umezwaru : Amedya : Masculin Féminin Asammer Tassamart Iɣil Tiɣilt Lbur Tabrurt agni Tagnit Amedya gef wawalen illeliyen : - tala - taɛwint - tamazirt Préfixation en «i» : md: Isummar , iɣil, iɣzer… Préfixation en «a» ( d’origine berbère) : md : Asif, agni, annar… Préfixation en «u» md Usamar, umalu, ulmu…


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Yessufeɣ-itt-idd, yeɛdel-as tira : Khalid BOUYAALA
Tusa-dd di « Gramática de la lengua rifeña » n P. H. SARRIONANDIA. Adlis-a ssufɣen-t-idd tlata n twalatin (deg 1905, 1925, 2007). Ɛlaḥsab min deg-s dd-yusin, qqareɣ tabrat-a yerney-itt deg usufeɣ (édition) n 1925. Necc kseɣ-tt-idd zeg usufeɣ n 2007 i dd-iffɣen zi Mlilt. Tura s wawal ibeqquyen.
Tabrat-a, tzemmar ad tili d tabrat taqdimt i daneɣ-dd-iqqimen tura.
Ha min deg-s dd-yusin :
Tabrat-a i ṭṭalb-nni arumi ameddukkel-inu, n ila [ira] ittawan gi temdint n Tiṭṭawin gi lɣerb.
Yura-k-tt-idd Ssi Ɛali, ameddukkel-inek d Mḥend, axeddam-nkum, ssawaḍen-ak-dd sslam, qqaren-ak muk teggid cway ? ma ɛad teddared ci ? ma labas ay tellid ?maɣar i tɛeḍled anict uya ? necnin gi tseɛɛet-a aqqa labas xaf-neɣ, aqqa ur neɣ-yuɣi ci ; gi tseɛɛet-a aqqa tehna cway ddunnit ; aqqa ur illi bu umenɣi ; aqqa ur ittmenɣi ḥedd. Buteɣyult ila ɣer-neɣ-dd iḥerken nuzzel x-as, irwel, iraḥ bḥal-s ; iwa Jjbala mkul ijjen iqqim gi taddart-ines ; tamdint aqqa ur ttsewwiqen, ur zemmren ad sewqen. Ttegg°den a n-iṭṭef lmexzen ; zeg nnhar umi i dd-wwin lɛesker rebɛa uɛicrin izellifen n jjbala, zi nnhar-nni ma iɛawed ḥedd ad imneɣ. Jjbala xsen ad selḥen agg lmexzen, uḥlen gg umenɣi.
Mḥend, axeddam-nkum, netta aqqa-t ɛad ixeddem akkid-kum, iqqar-ak labud wa labedda a das-dd-tawid lkabus n setta iqarṭasen d rebɛa uɛicrin iqerṭasen mizi i ɣa-t-ittɛemmar.
Awi-as-dd ɛawed tamalṭat d tacemlalt, ur telli d taberkant, ad tili d tameqqrant, ur tettili d tameẓẓyant ; mizi ma tella awi-as-tt-idd. Ɣer-k ! a dd-tased s bla zeg-s ! mizi ma tewwid-tt-idd a dak-iwc lqamet-ines ; labud ulabedda leḥwayej-a a das-ten-dd-tawid : lkabus d tmalṭat, melxmi ɣa-dd-tased awi-as-ten-dd.
Nic, zeggwami traḥed sya, ɛemmers ma uriɣ-ak-idd ci ; ttrajiɣ ḥetta a dd-tased.
Ssi Ɛali, ameddukkel-inek.


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BER | FRA
Sadki Ali Azayku
Timitar. Rbâd, 1989.
Timitar. Rbâd, 1989.
Tesman tadla yad iggi n krâdt temrawin n temdyazt ittyaran s usekkil n teàrabt, acku, mekli inna, ira ad tent ghrên ayt tmazirt ur issen amer asekkil ad, willi ur ikkin amer timezgida. Yara tent ger 1967 ar 1980. Mkan af akkant Tmitar yan usemmqel f yan uzemz gh tudert n Dda Ali, tudert gh ikcêd tayri teg asrag n uzwag, imun d ujawu ad sul ikk ighladen tt issengin, azemz gh ittut s tiyti n udrar, ar isiggil tifawin mas issisfiw ulawen ttêsnin ikrez gisen tayri n ukettay d wattân n tmagit, azemz yiwin Dda Ali s umarg urta yas izwar s tgemmi n imughan lligh n ifel kra gh tudert nnes, d kigan gh tdusi n tiddi nnes.
Yura f tayri zun d : Ghass ad ma yufa, yat, amarg, yan iga sin, taghufi ; yara f tmagit zun d : Awal, tin mel nnex, taguri, imula, immi, taketbiyt, yara dax f uzwag zun d : Janbiyyi, mekli yura f umarg n tudert n mezzîy nnes llin ittagug gh tillas n uzmez zun d itran: îd n tgerst.
Yura timitar sul ar neggant gh iman nnes ad gent izmulen. Mkan af tega tadla yad amud llis issigil umedyaz ad ed izzû tamagit, isaggw tid i tifawin n wass, tamagit idel warras d ulus gh iswak nuflnin n tudert n Merrok amaynu, mkan af gant timûdan ittawin ul ad ikcem tiwiririn n uzwag gh ugunes nnes, awint sul s tgudî d terwakt.
Mac Timitar tettâf yat tadêfi yâden. Ur d imula n tmagit lli izziwzen ul umedyaz d iman nnes ad ifkan yan udem izêlin i temdyazin n Dda Ali, mac tutalyt, d tiyyt ighban lligh tent igwena, isni didsent innuraz nnes d tgudîwin, isyafaten d twurga, isker gisent tazriwin n umarg ur nemyar. Dda Ali issufegh d yat tutlayt n umarg tamaynut, sis izêli, izazwulen isem nnes ger mdden, gh ugunes n iman nnes, tutlayt gh terkes tgudî, anezgum d terwakt, mac sswan tent tguriwin n tyerza d udrar s tewlafin mmimnin, dlen tent s temdlut n usirem. Mkan af isselsa ufrak immreten s tmagit imerdukkan, d tefghnit n iman d usemmîd n uzwag, yan waddal n umarg ighin ad inegh irafan n tmadûnt, igen ten d itran, mnugguren d igenwan nnex.
Afulay
Yura f tayri zun d : Ghass ad ma yufa, yat, amarg, yan iga sin, taghufi ; yara f tmagit zun d : Awal, tin mel nnex, taguri, imula, immi, taketbiyt, yara dax f uzwag zun d : Janbiyyi, mekli yura f umarg n tudert n mezzîy nnes llin ittagug gh tillas n uzmez zun d itran: îd n tgerst.
Yura timitar sul ar neggant gh iman nnes ad gent izmulen. Mkan af tega tadla yad amud llis issigil umedyaz ad ed izzû tamagit, isaggw tid i tifawin n wass, tamagit idel warras d ulus gh iswak nuflnin n tudert n Merrok amaynu, mkan af gant timûdan ittawin ul ad ikcem tiwiririn n uzwag gh ugunes nnes, awint sul s tgudî d terwakt.
Mac Timitar tettâf yat tadêfi yâden. Ur d imula n tmagit lli izziwzen ul umedyaz d iman nnes ad ifkan yan udem izêlin i temdyazin n Dda Ali, mac tutalyt, d tiyyt ighban lligh tent igwena, isni didsent innuraz nnes d tgudîwin, isyafaten d twurga, isker gisent tazriwin n umarg ur nemyar. Dda Ali issufegh d yat tutlayt n umarg tamaynut, sis izêli, izazwulen isem nnes ger mdden, gh ugunes n iman nnes, tutlayt gh terkes tgudî, anezgum d terwakt, mac sswan tent tguriwin n tyerza d udrar s tewlafin mmimnin, dlen tent s temdlut n usirem. Mkan af isselsa ufrak immreten s tmagit imerdukkan, d tefghnit n iman d usemmîd n uzwag, yan waddal n umarg ighin ad inegh irafan n tmadûnt, igen ten d itran, mnugguren d igenwan nnex.
Afulay


text:
Ijjen wass, ttuɣa yeggur Jeḥḥa d mmi-s, ttgewwaden aɣyul-nsen. Kkin x ca n tarbiɛt n yewdan, Slan-asen qqaren: « I ddegg n yewdan! Jjin aɣyul yeggur weḥd-s, nitni gguren x iḍaren! ».
Yenna-s Jeḥḥa i mmi-s: « Ni-dd akid-i ». Nyin s tnayen idsen, uca siɣin gguren.
Iwḍen ɣer ca n yewdan nniḍen, slan-asen qqaren: « Tnayen idsen x yijjen weɣyul! wer ttḥinnin x lmal agnaw! »
Yessḍar Jeḥḥa mmi-s, yeqqim netta yenya. Ɛdun ɛawed x ca n tarbiɛt n yewdan nniḍen, tteslan-asen qqaren: « Ya yilef uḥeggar, yejja mmi-s d ameẓẓyan yeggur, yenya netta: ».
Yeḍra Jeḥḥa x weɣyul, yenna-s i mmi-s: « Ni cekk a mmi! ». Yenya mmi-s n Jeḥḥa x weɣyul. Kkin x ca n yewdan nniḍen, tteslan-asen ɛawed qqaren: « Iḥenjiren n yiḍa wer deg-sen bu leḥya, netta yenya, yejja baba-s d ameqqran yeggur x iḍaren! ».
Yuza lḥal ɣer Jeḥḥa, Iderreɛ i weɣyul-nni, uca yeksi-t x ijiman, yebda yeggur zeg-s. Kkin x ca n yewdan ɛawed, uca ksin s tḍeḥḥakt, tteslan-asen qqaren: « Iwdan-a d ibuhaliyen, aɣyul ikessi iwdan, nitni d nitni i ikessin aɣyul! »
Lexdenni, yenneqleb Jeḥḥa ɣer mmi-s, yenna-s: « Teslid a mmi min dac-ɣa iniɣ; aqa min ma teggid wer tezmired ad teṭṭfed lxaḍer i yewdan! Uca ttegg min tettwalid cekk d wenni d netta! ».
Ɣer ɛawed: Aɣyul n jeḥḥa


text:
Anezwu amezzay agrawan
Anezwu amezzay agrawan neɣ d talmest n anezwu yeṭṭafaren anezwu amezzay, Azamul-is deg usesmel anezway n Köppen: Am.
Isig n weẓɣal ayyuran n unezwu-ayi yugar 18° C, yegber seg snat n tsemhuyin yiwet d tanaɣurt tayedṭ d tagrawant. Dɣa di tsemhuyt n unaɣur yetteɣlay-d fellas ddaw n 60 mm n ugeffur kan.
Asedger[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Anezwu amezzay agrawan yettili deg yideggan yellan gar n ijeṛdan n tehri 5° ɣer 30° deg wamur n unẓul d unẓul-asemran n Asya, akken i yella (cwiya) di Tferka (ataram d tlemmast n Tferka), unẓul d tlemmast n Temrikt, akken iyla (yesɛa) kra n tgezmiwin deg Temrikt n Ugafa d ugafa n Ustṛalya.


text:
Prière pour l’Algérie en accompagnement de la neuvaine st Augustin.
Genre ADEKKER:
Ddew wakal
Ddew wakal
Si ddew wakal a’a n-tettiẓẓif Yur-ek Lzayer a Lmasiḥ
A Ssid nneY sl-ed (3) i tiYri nneY.
Mekken ed ameẓẓuY ik
I tuttra nneY i tiYri nneY!
Ma teğğiḍ deewessu a Lmasiḥ
A Ssid w’ ara d-iqqimen?
Lameena nekwni neẓra ssmaḥ atan Yur-ek
Akken a-tili tugwdi r-Ṛebbi
Ur tettağğa ‘ra imdanen.
Nessaram Lmasiḥ, nessaram it s terwiḥt nneY irkwelli,
eed netṛağu awal is, awal is di Linğil.
Tarwiḥt nneY teṛğa Ssid nneY,
Terğa-t akteṛ iessasen yetṛağun udem n ssbeḥ;
Kteṛ iessasen yetṛağun lefjer,
I tetṛağu Lzayer Lmasiḥ !
Axaṭeṛ ar tama n Lmasiḥ i g-gella liser (2)
Ar tama-s lfedwat ṭṭuqtent
D netta ara yemneen Lzayer (2)
Si deewessu i tbubb, i tbubb aṭas aya.
Aman numen (2)


text:
Inzan – Proverbes kabyles se référant aux plantes
Découvrez le livre Imghan n Tensawt
Si tassaft i d-giɣ asɣaṛ, mači d ddarya uɣanim
Ur ttili d-tazert a k-ččen, ur ttili d-ilili a k-ɣunfen
Ma ur teẓẓid tessirt, inas ma d-yeɣli wewren
Axir ad yeqqim d’asuki, wala a tyekrez yir ufellaḥ
Win yebɣan lǧǧennet, issew qeḍṛan d ilili
A wer d-yeǧǧ yiger-ik asennan, ma yeǧǧa-t-id ad temegreḍ-t
Ur yettxalaf mejjir aẓar
Acu tefeẓeḍ aɛemmi ? d lazuq n yilindi
Yal yiwen yeqqar d-ibawen-iw I yettewwan
Tizemrin nesɛa, maɛna laɛmer uriwent
Qeḍṛan mi yezwar s-imi, tamment ma tegra-d iwumi ?
Tenna-y-as teselent I tgelzimt: a tagelzimt tqerḥed-iyi, a kem ɣiḍeɣ
terra-y-as-d tgelzimt: a weltma afus s-gem?
Tfuḥ taga, ewwan ibawen
Ur ttamen ara s uzberbur, ama yegzaw ama yeqqur
Win yewwi wasif, ad yeṭṭef deg umagraman
Yenna-y-as uɣyul, ǧǧ-i-yi kan ad tserseɣ icenfiren-iw af temẓin
Axxam-is ur s yezmir, lǧamaɛ yeṭṭef-as amezir
Izzenz amgud, yuɣ aḥriq – amgud (verger), aḥriq (boqueteau)
Aɣyul ma yenṭi ar iger, mkul ass ad yesniger
Win yesɛan irden, reṭṭel-as awren
Tenna-y-as ccetwa I wexlenǧ, semlil-i-tt, neɣ ad semlileɣ
Ad yekker usalas seg umagraman
Affar ffer-it, ifilku zzez-it
Akken yecbec iyerzeg ilili
Ayen yelhan d’uzzal, ayen n dir d uffal
D agudu I yessenkaren imɣi
Fres tazemmurt ad tuseqqi tarbut
Irden mi wwan, heggit imegran
Iruḥ ad ileqqem, yufa anebdu yeḥḍem
Lemmer takerza s wallen, win tufiḍ ad yesserwet
Lemmer tent-yessiḍin ufellah, ur tent-ikerrez-ara – ssiḍin=ḥseb
Lxir d uzzal, cceṛ d uffal
Mi tenger teslent ad teg aggersa
Sources:
“Proverbes berbères de Kabylie” / Sakina Aït Ahmed-Slimani / Edition L’Harmattan /1996
“Recueil de proverbes berbères” / Abdennour Abdesselam / ENAG Editions / 2010
Découvrez le livre Imghan n Tensawt


text:
Asedwel ɣer Tmaziɣt : Omar LMEDDAM
Iḍeffar-aneɣ s tɣennant. Ittades-d ɣar-s wer ssineɣ min das-iqqar deg umeẓẓuɣ wer das- ttesliɣ. Taggʷaj xaf-s. Nzekkʷa ɣer tma n webrid nniḍen amen dayi-teṭṭef deg wufus. Ca n twalatin teẓẓuɣar-ayi s jjehd. Iḍeffar-aneɣ-d s tɣennant. Itteḍṣa. Tessuffa anḍṛumen. Nbedd. Yizwar-aneɣ uca issenta iggur s cway-cwayt. Neẓwa tanya ɣer tma nniḍen n webrid. Iḍeffar- aneɣ s tɣennant. Necc kfaṛeɣ. Sseqsiɣ-tt :
-Min irezzu waryaz a ?
-Min dac iruḥen day-s.
Xezzareɣ ɣar-s. Isfarnin. Iḍeffar-aneɣ s tɣennant. Min irezzu i yemma ? Wac irezzu ad tt- icqeḍ ? Wer ittili ɣir d aceffar. Ẓeyyareɣ mliḥ xef ufus-nnes.
-Wer xaf-i tẓeyyar ammu xef ufus-inu. Wer dac-ttrekkʷileɣ ca.
Γer ɛawed: Aɣrum ḥafi n Muḥemmed Cukri s Tmaziɣt (1)
Nniɣ-as s wekfaṛ :
-Tleɛ, tleɛ. Min trezzud ?
Ttfu xaf-s. Isfarnin.Isfarnin-ayi-d i necc d yemma. Tenna-ayi :
-Nniɣ-ac sqar cekk. Ma wer tetteslid niɣ ?
Kfaṛeɣ deg uxarres-inu. Necc neɛɛareɣ xafs nettat tettar zzay-i ad ṣqareɣ.
Temsagar yemma aked yict temɣart. Ssentant sawalent xef baba. Bu tɣennant-nni n waryaz ittaggʷaj xaftneɣ. Tḥada temɣart-nni acenkuk-inu. Iḥrulleḍ ufus-nnes aḥarcaw isḥinneb i uɣembub-inu. Jjiɣ afus n yemma ṭṭfeɣ-as deg uɣezdis-nnes. Tenna temɣart-nni :
-Maɣar Muḥemmed-nnem ixeyyeq ammu ?
Texzar-d dayi yemma amen xaf-i tessunneḍ aɣil-nnes xef yiri-inu. Irsa wekfaṛ-inu. Tenna-as i temɣart-nni :
-Netta lebda ammu.
Msafaḍent. Tenna-ayi yemma :
– Sudem afus n lalla Lwiza.
(Ggiɣ-as rray ssudmeɣ afus n lalla Lwiza).
Γer ɛawed: Aɣrum ḥafi n Muḥemmed Cukri s Tmaziɣt (2)
Aɛeddis n yemma ittuff. Ca n twalatin wer tettriḥ ɣer weswiq. Tettensir aṭṭas n twalatin deg wass. Twareɣ. Teqqsen-as ifadden. Tettru. Ittuff, ittuff uɛeddistnnes. Ggʷdeɣ ad iḍḍuqqeẓ. Wer iqqim itaɣ day-i umeṭṭaw-nnes. Tẓeyyareɣ, tẓeyyareɣ uca ad xeyyqeɣ. Ttuɣ liraret. Ksin- ayi ict tmeddit amen ṭṭṣeɣ ɣer yijjen wexxam nneḍni. Ṭṭṣeɣ aked kraḍ n iḥenjiren. Tenna-ayi tnaragt-nneɣ tajjalt ɣer tuffut :
— Ha aqqa-ac lexxu ɣar-k weltmac. Ili mliḥ akid-s.
Tettssajja xaf-s twalat deg yimalas. Teddakkʷal d tettru. Ssentiɣ tessneɣ belli timɣarin ɛdunt iryazen deg imeṭṭawen. Ttrunt seqqarent am iḥenjiren. Ca n twalatin txeyyaqent xmi ca n yijjen itxarres belli nitenti ad ibbirhent, tbarrihent xmi ca n yijjen itxarres belli nitenti ad xeyyqent. Melmi txeyyaqent ? Melmi tbarrihent ? Ẓriɣ ict twala yemma tettru tesfarnin. Ma txareḍ niɣ ?
Γer ɛawed: Aɣrum ḥafi n Muḥemmed Cukri s Tmaziɣt (03)
Ttɣimiɣ di taddart ḥeṭṭiɣ weltma Rḥimu. Ssneɣ mammec tt ɣa sḍeḥceɣ, maca wer ssineɣ mammec das ɣa ggeɣ ḥuma ad tesqar zeg imeṭṭawen. Ttɣufiɣ uca teffɣeɣ. Tejjiɣ-tt tettru tettmuɣẓur aked yixef-nnes s ifassen-nnes d iḍaren-nnes ifarɣen am yecfar itwaḍarnen xef weɛrur-nnes. Xmi i d-ddakkʷaleɣ ttafeɣ-tt teṭṭeṣ niɣ tesfarnin. Izan neṭṭwen xef uɣembub- nnes immeccen s izeɛɛifen n tizit. S wass d izan s tmeddit d tizit.
Weltma teggam. Yemma wer teqqim tettru aṭṭaṣ ula tessetca aṭṭas. Necc renniɣ deg wewɛar aked yemma niɣ aked iḥenjiren n tuddurt. Mala terna-ayi niɣ rnin-ayi treẓẓiɣ ca niɣ weṭṭiɣ ɣer tmurt sɣuyyuɣ tmuɣẓureɣ aked yixef-inu amen ttruɣ tekkʷareɣ-tt nettat niɣ d iḥenjiren.
Sseqsiɣ-tt :
— Ma ula d timɣarin zemmarent ad adfent taxxamt ?
— Mayemmi ?
— Ttseqsiɣ waha.
— Wah, ula d nettat mala tegga min wer iḥlin aked yewdan.
Γer ɛawed: Cukri aceffar n tfirasin… Aɣrum ḥafi s Tmaziɣt (04)


text:
Ttuɣa ɣir ad sleɣ a nraḥ, ṭṭaweɣ ɣer ujenna s lefraḥet, lexxu wer dayi-tt-yeqqir yexf inu. Uca ttxarrseɣ manis i dd-yekka wemxumbel? Ma zay-i? ma zeg ucal niɣ zeg ayt bab n ucal?
Ussan ɣelyen! Necc sseɣlayeɣ imetmi wer ufiɣ wi t-kid-i ɣa yesɣelyen. qqiment ɣer tewlafin yesseqṭuṭṭes-itent zzman yerra-tent d ca i wer yellin, wer dd-ttbinent, udrusen yinni i tent-ittwalan.
Ɛad eeqleɣ am wass-a, di ca n twalatin ttuɣa ttraḥeɣ beddeɣ,sekk°ḍeɣ di tuzzeyzewt n idurar, d idemrawen d ituma…abrid yeḥsar uca amenni i iruḥ yenneḍ, yenneḍ-dd. Sekk°ḍeɣ ɣer waddar, sqadiɣ tiṭṭawin ar tisi, tterriɣ-tent-idd ɣer tjerrarin n ttumubin, ttafeɣ-tent mmersent x tma n waddar, uca qqareɣ-as lexxu i ɣa nergeb, s uya mecḥal ssin yehnunnyen mamec ttesliɣ, tanya nettaf din iqatcaruten n ttumubinat mmenḍren x teurar. tewḍa din ula d ṭeyyara deg waddriwen yudsen « Bu Sareḥ » [1] d « Temzida n waman[2].
Ttacmeɣ deg yemma ttseqsiɣ-tt:mani yella lebḥer? A dayi-dd-tini: ead! ar ɣa aciɣ tucem-dd day-i, tesskan-ayi ɣer-s s uḍaḍ n ccahed. ih ya lxirat n leewin yesqada-t-idd! ttakiɣ aked yiman-inu yeṭṭaw amen t-ttwaliɣ d azegza am ujenna, ma xmi nettaweḍ ɣer wadas, ttbanant-idd lemwaj ahda waha!
Xmi nettxecca Ibarbieen[3] ij n tcuni nneḍni; tamurt texla,tecna,tudrin d tuqlilin uca mzellaeent, mragg°ajent x waywya. iwdan ruḥ ruḥ mala teẓrid ḥedd, merra uguren, ca itewweḥ ɣer ujemmad d wenni d abrid-nnes, ca yetlee ɣer tneddam ssin i yekka. jjin ddcar d ayujir izzilliz. Neccin a needu Ibarbieen a dayi-dd-tini yemma: elaḥal a naweḍ. Ɛad eeqleɣ minzi ttuɣa ttessneɣ awaḍ ɣer ddcar n « Tfezwin » [4] , ttuɣa eeqqleɣ-t s tewwura n ẓẓeng.
Ayeḥḥah x tcuni i iruḥen tweḍḍer! Ayeḥḥah x wi iɣeḍlen badu i ilellcen s ukerkur. tudrin mserwasent, tibridin nnḍent am wunuḍ n ufiɣer di lweṣṭ n tefsut, leḥyuḍ qewwren-dd, tiwwura weseent, tiburjatin qqnent s yeẓra, tafuyt tetteḥduduq, arjujen ayenni ma iwḍen snannan di tazart, tinebdatin d tbadutin tteggent mezri i tɣimit aked ueecci, asqif yedla s tẓayart, ittneglulu s iẓekkunen n udil…
Yewḍa ubadu i wer yewḍin, badu i xef ttuɣa ttbeddiɣ, ttirareɣ, i dd-yusin deg « wenḍrar n ueetman »[5]
tibriɣin d yebriɣen, ca ittali, ca ihekk°a x zzwayel. Ca yugem-dd, ca ead ittraḥ a dd-yagem. Di thekk°it, ttraḥent tebriqin ttqerqubent aked wayawya, deg walay, aqerqeb-nni yeddakk°al d azduffel n tceḍyin. idemrawen ssun drin s tmeḥtac, mkul ijjten manis dd-tḥert x tesmuḍt-nnes, addriwen sleqqan i wayawya izlan n lalla buya.
ɣedlen lemraḥ, ssilyen lfuqi. Nɣin izlan iwyen-dd lefqi. Wer ssinen belli nɣin ixef-nsen wer ukin. rrin ddcer wer x-as qae nnehmet.
ij n mmi-s n xali ilul ajemmaḍ-in, irewweḥ-dd deg yij n usegg°as ttuɣa-t ead d ameẓẓyan ca n setta n isegg°usa i ttuɣa ɣer-s. iwyen-t ad yeṭṭeṣ ɣer lfuqi uca yenna-sen: necc rezzuɣ ad ṭṭṣeɣ mani i dd-itbana ujenna.
Tudert di ddcar ttuɣa tecna umi ttuɣa ttmunent twacunin ɣer tcumeet d lqendil. d umi ttuɣa dd-ttasent tebratin di sintat. Zegga dd-tudef tfawt ɣer ddcar yudef-dd akid-s wajjiḍ, tamurt tedḥa d amessuki wer tettessned lmecta zeg unebdu. Agam wer yeqqim ḥedd itagem, tiḥenjirin ubuḍent wer qqiment hettcent, yedwel ɣer-sent d leib maca wer ɣer-sent bu d leib ad ẓẓrent iḍaren aked ibabaten-nsent ad ffurjent di tikkest n teqcurt i daneɣ-iredjen alami dewlent twacunin mzellaeent am tudrin deg Ibarbieen. Taryazt yecca-tt ucal, mani llan iyemmumen i ttuɣa dd-ittemeujjan x wesbeddi n wetmun?
ula d inni i iteleen ɣer ujemmaḍ iwyen-dd akid-sen tallest, ittuḥ-asen-dd rebbi d tfawt, ḥuma ad rzun x yexf-nsen ruḥen weḍḍren ixef nsen. Deg unebdu iddakk°al ddcar mbla udem. Ha tafransist, ha tahulandit… ayenni ma iwḍent ttemdareyyacent.
Meelik tzura-ya tuddum deg yij n temkant uca tuzeɣ. Meelik !
HALIM EL MADANI / abril 2019
—————————————
[1] Bu Sareḥ:d ijj n wemcan yus-dd deg yijj n ddcar qqaren as ibarbieen
[2] Tamzida n waman: d ifri aqqa-t deg Ibarbieen
[3] Ibarbieen: d ddcar zi ledcur n Arif, yus-dd deg wedrar sennej i yij n ddcar qqaren-as: Tifezwin, ddcar-a yexla.
[4] Tifezwin: d ddcar zi ledcur n Arif yus-dd x webrid n ssaḥili, ittwassen s Sidi Ḥsayen.
[5] Anḍrar n uetman: d ij n wemkan di ddcar. Ayt bab n wemkan-a ttwassnen s yemjahden, s uya ɣer-sen tanfust aked isegg°usa n uḥewwes ( listiemar).


text:
Le Rifain
Awarn i uturjem-nnes i tmezgunt i umi qqaren « Iḥewwasen » n umari Ačili Egon Wolff, d umutti-nnes ɣer yiger n yixarrisen x Arif s usufeɣ n udlis « Irifiyen ass-a », yedwel-dd zeg-neɣ Andici ɣer yiger n uturjem i twalat nniḍen, yixḍar ḥuma a dd-yesserzef tamezgunt i umi qqaren « Taqnuct n wureɣ » ɣer umeɣri Arifi.
Tamezgunt-a i yellan zi tefsarin n wammas n trezzutin d tɣuriwin timaziɣin di Arif, yura-tt umari Aruman Plawtus, aṭṭas n leqrun zeggami, zi tmezgunin i yecnan ɣer nhar-a. ttennḍent temsarin-nnes x yijen wergaz yetterbeṭ, iruḥ d taqebbart, maca walli x ca n temɣart, lla, yetterbeṭ di teqnuct teccur s wureɣ.
Plawtus i yeddren jer usegg°as n 254 d 184 qbeel i tlalit n Yeccu Lmasiḥ, yura timezgunin-nnes s tlatinit. deg yimezwura-nnes, yebda lxedmet deg udikur n umezgun, yeɣra taumidit tagrikit. zi ssenni yura timezgunin, ttwaḥsabent zi min daneɣ-dd-yiwḍen yekmel zi tira n tsekla tarumant n lweqt-nni.
Asemzeɣ-a i yegga Andici i tmezgunt n Plawtus, ad yewc ijjen tfawt temɣar i tsekla tarifit ḥuma ad teṭṭef amkan-nnes, ad tili ɛawed d tamerniwt jer yifassen n yimerzuten d yimeḥḍaren n tɣuriwin n tmaziɣt.


text:
Raillencourt-Sainte-Olle
Raillencourt-Sainte-Olle a zo ur gumun eus departamant Norzh e Bro-C'hall.
Istor[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
XIXvet kantved[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
XXvet kantved[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Monumantoù ha traoù heverk[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Bezioù ar C'hommonwealth e bered ar gumun: Raillencourt Communal Cemetery[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Marvet int e-pad ar Brezel-bed kentañ[1].
Bezioù ar C'hommonwealth e bered ar gumun: Sainte-Olle Communal Cemetery[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Marvet int e-pad ar Brezel-bed kentañ[2].
Bered ar C'hommonwealth : Sainte-Olle British Cemetery[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Marvet int e-pad ar Brezel-bed kentañ[3].
Armerzh[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Douaroniezh[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Melestradurezh[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Emdroadur ar boblañs 1793-2007[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Tud[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Liammoù diavaez[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Dave ha notennoù[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
- ↑ Traces of War
- ↑ Traces of War
- ↑ Traces of War
- ↑ Cassini hag EBSSA


text:
1 yennayer
Ass n 1 yennayer d ass amezwaru n yal aseggas deg teswast tagrigurt. Llan 364 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, neɣ 365 n wussan ma d aseggas amanaẓ
InelfuyenẒreg
- 1531: Asersi n temdint n Rio de Janeiro
- 1651: Charles II yeṭṭef tanabadt n Skutlanda
- 1801
- Asersi n teddukla gar n Bṛitanya tameqrant d Irland
- Asnirem n useffud amezwaru deg tiggi n tegnit
Tasut tis 21Ẓreg
- 2001 : Tamurt n Grik tekcem di tama n euro.
- 2002 : asermed n imtawa n igenwan yeldin isegger tuguẓt (taɛessast) n igenwan n tmura n iwunak igmanen yakk
- 2003 : Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva yettwassnen Kan s Lula yuɣal d aselway amezwaru n uẓelmaḍ (akabar aserti) di tmurt Brazil.
- 2007 :
- Bulgarya akk d Ṛumanya kecment deg Tiddukla n Uruppa.
- Sluvinya tekcem ar tama n euro.
- Ban Ki-moon akuryan n wenẓul yuɣal amaray amatu n iɣlanen yeddukklen amaynu deg ubeddel n Kofi Annan.
- 2008 : Tagduda n Qubrus akkw d Malṭa kecment deg tama n euro.
- 2009 :
- Sluvakya tekcem deg Tama n euro.
- asermed n ugzam udbil amaynu n Greenland.
- 2010 : Tamurt n Spanya t-ddem taselwit n Turuft.
- 2011 :
- Isṭunya tekcem deg tama n euro.
- tinṭagin timaynutin mgal imasiḥiyen, tikkelt agi di Miẓran n uremmaɣ ,ineslem yegla-d s 21 yemmuten dɣa 79 imugas zdat taglizt takaṭulit kupt n Tiskendrit[1].


text:
Zegga i yexdem grup n Masyur x ijjen walbum umi yegga yisem « Tiɣarruba ». I yeksin ca n setta n iɣennijen. S walbum-a wanita, iwweḍ ugrup-a wa , ad yegg amcan-nnes la netta deg yiger n tẓuri di Arrif. S ca n iɣennijen cnin aked iwalen qaden, min ked imsurruf aked ca n yezlawiyen ttwassnen.
Immutti, deg usrif wis tnayen, grup n Masyur, ɣer lxedmet x isingilen. Di 20 Febrayer i yeɛdan, ssufɣen-d ijjen lxedmet umi ggin isem « Arif-inu » s twiza aked tseḍma n « Afriwen Voice ». Aɣennij-a ittwasewwer s ubidyu-klip. Asingel wis tnayen n Masyur, netta d « Anẓar », umi iɛawden ca n yezlan d imeẓẓyanen ttuɣa qqaren-ten midden ḥuma ad ttren anẓar.
Tcuni n uɣennij-a teqqen ɛawed ɣer mamec i daneɣ-d-sewwren Azlaf, tuzzegzwet-nnes d idurar-nnes. Mamec d-sewwren ɛawed ula d iḥenjiren i yeksin taslit n wenẓar ḥuma ad ttren anẓar. Ijjen uɣennij-a ittzemmam tawengimt n Irifiyen d min ten-iqqnen aked tmurt. Aɣennij-a la d netta d twiza jar Afriwen Voice d Masyur. Xmi nettaf tmijja n Muḥa Azɣay deg ukural d tgiṭart n Kamal Ccix.
ɣer ɛawed : « Tiɣarrbua » d album d amezwaru n Masyur + Amsawal aked Najim Lmercuḥi


text:
05 Yulyu 1962 - 05 Yulyu 2022
AMULLI WIS 60 N UZARUG
60 n yiseggasen seg uzarug : idles azzayri d tihawt i d-yufraren deg umaḍalAsiḍyas, 23 Yulyu 2022 13:45
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Idles azzayri yedder, deg 60 n yiseggasen n uzarug, yiwen n ufeǧǧeǧ i d-yufraren deg umaḍal ama deg yemyigren akked temliliyin tigraɣlanin deg mennaw n teɣula gar-asen tagsarut, aẓawan, tasekla, yiẓuriyin n teklut, amezgun akked tgemmi.
Amgaru n uslelli : allus n usuddes n yidurran n Tredsa n uslelli iḥettem-d iman-is akken ad iqabel tamzelt « Jumelles » (Tanaga)Akwas, 21 Yulyu 2022 11:06
TUBIRET – Iwakken ad tidir Tredsa n uslelli aɣelnaw, ssuddsen idurran-is yiwen n usuddes asetratijan i « d-iḥettmen iman-is » dindin « seg ɣuct 1959 d afella akken ad tezmer ad tedder i temzelt « Jumelles » i carent, ass n 22 yulyu n useggas-nni, tdusiwin tihersanin akken ad snegren imnaɣen n Tredsa n uslelli aɣelnaw deg yidurar akked tẓegwa, akka i d-nagin Yimǧuhad iqburen.
Iɣbula n waman : 60 n yiseggasen n useḍru i uḍman n tɣellist n wamanAsamas, 17 Yulyu 2022 16:31
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Agzum n Yiɣbula n waman yedder, deg Sḍimraw (60) n yiseggasen n uzarug, iseḍra imeqqranen i yesnernan s asigeẓ aɣelnaw n waman n tissit i yewḍen ar 3.6 mds m3, s aḍman n usedger uɣdim amneknay n waman yerna icar izudar n tsetrajitit taɣelnawt akken ad naweḍ ɣer tɣellist n waman, s yiɣbula-iḍen am tukksa n tisent i waman n yilel.
Tuɣalin s tdusi n tdiplumatit tazzayrit s asayes agraɣlanAsamas, 17 Yulyu 2022 12:52
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Tadiplumatit tazzayrit, d tamekdit ɣer yimenzayen n 1 Wamber 1954, ters ɣef tallalt n tmentilin tuɣdimin akked uzref n yiɣerfan i tguccelmant, teɣḍem yiwet n tuɣalin s tdusi ɣef usayes agraɣlan s uttekki-s deg ferru n tezɣan deg temnaḍt akked usersi n telwit, i d-yenna umǧahed anmahal aqbur, Noureddine Djoudi.
Amulli wis 60 n uzarug: tadiblumasit tazzayrit tefka akk afud-nnes almend n telwitAsiḍyas, 16 Yulyu 2022 15:53
Lezzayer tamaneɣt- Segmi d-tḥella azarug-nnes 60 iseggasen-aya, Lezzayer, almend n yiwet n tdiblumasit iǧahden ibedden, tufrar-d s wawal iwezznen, win umi sellen deg wegni ageraɣlan win werǧin yexdem taɣawsa ur neqqin ɣer telwit akk d weslelli n yiɣerfan yettwaḥerṣen.
Seg yiserɣan ar uhidrujin, tesseǧhed Zzayer taɣellist-is taẓewrantAynas, 11 Yulyu 2022 14:35
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Zzayer i d-yekksen i teẓrahrest azarug-is aɣelnaw deg useggas n 1962, tessaweḍ deg useggas n 1971 akken ad teḥbes tagelt-is taẓewrant, s useɣlen n yiserɣan-is yerna la tettnadi, seg zrin 60 n yiseggasen, ad tesseḍru tukkit-is taẓewrant s usnegmu n teẓwar timaynutin akked teẓwert i d-yettuɣalen.
Takerrazt tazzayrit d tin ay yessawḍen ad tqabel acqirrew n tɣellist tanuččitAynas, 11 Yulyu 2022 12:20
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Deg 60 n yiseggasen aydeg tedder Zzayer deg uzarug, agzum n tkerrazt yeflali-d yernu d win ayyes tessaweḍ tmurt ad teḍmen taɣellist tanuččit, am akken ay t-terra d yiwen seg yigzumen-nnes isnuddsanen.
Ardab : Ad termes Wehran talɣuɣa taɛrabt seg 20 ar 24 yulyuAsamas, 10 Yulyu 2022 14:42
WEHRAN – Ammas n urdab n temṣukt tulampit « Miloud Hadefi » n Wehran la iteddu ad yermes timsizzelt-is tagraɣlant tis snat, seg-mi i teẓẓunẓan i lmend n teẓrigt tis 19 n Turarin tigrakalanin i yekfan ass n ukras (larebɛa) yezrin, d taẓrigt tis 5 n telɣuɣa taɛrabt n yiɣlanen, i d-tenna ass n usamad (lḥedd) Tfidiralit tazzayrit n tmezzugt-a.
Amulli wis 60 uzarug: Aselway Tebboune yeṭṭef ibuddan n wemtil-nnes acinwatAsimwas, 08 Yulyu 2022 17:41
Lezzayer - Aselway n Tegduda, Mas Abdelmadjid Tebboune, yeṭṭef izen n ubuddu n uselway n Tegduda taɣerfant n Tacinwat, Mas Xi Jinping, almend anda s-d-yessiweḍ n usfugel wis 60 iseggasen n izarug akk d usuɣal n tnaya taɣelnawt, anda yessezwer "tadukkli leqayen" yezdin snat n tmura akk d sin iɣeṛfan.
Aselway Tebboune yeṭṭef yiwen usiwel seg Lamir uwanak n QatarAsimwas, 08 Yulyu 2022 13:08
Lezzayer tamanaɣt - Aselway n Tegduda, Mas Abdelmadjid Tebboune yeṭṭef, ass n ljemɛa, yiwen usiwel seg gma-s, Lamir n Qatar, Cheikh Tamim Ben Hamad Al Thani, t-yesnemmren s umeyez n tedwilt tis 19 n wuraren igerakalen Wahṛan-2022, yerna yuzen-as-d ibuddan-nnes almend umulli wis 60 n usuɣal n tnaya taɣelnawt akk d usfugel n lɛid tamuqrant, id-iwekked yiwen n wulɣu n tselwit n Tegduda.


text:
Fad yeqseḥ x laz: bla aman izemmer uterras ad yedder cwayt n wussan waha. Maca cḥal tzemmer tudert ad teṭṭef di lxecbet‑a?!
Nurmal, iseqsan i yeqqnen ɣer tussna, ixessa-sen uɛayar (Experiment), maca wer tzemmred ad tirared di tudert n yewdan. Maca deg umezruy llan yinni yeggin aɛayar‑a, s uɣil xaf‑sen, d nitni i xef ɣa nerzu ass-a, ad nejbed cḥal i kkin ddren bla ma ad ccen ad swen! Ad nexẓer ma ad nekkes ca n tecbabt x iseqsan i iḍefren Inekraf‑nneɣ.
Umi qqarn tikkest x macca?
Tikkest x macca (niɣ l idrab x lmakla), d ijjen weklasi n uɣewweɣ ittegg‑it ijjen uterras niɣ d ijjen tamunt n yewdan, ttekksen dag‑s macca i taddudt-nsen. Am ssnen belli ad nḍurren, niɣ ad mten.
Di tikkest x macca yuzɣen tteksen dag‑s la x tissit (min yuzzlen di macca, la d aman).
Deg umezruy tettwagg tikkest‑a (l idrab‑a) d aklasi n uɣewweɣ di tpulitikt. Manaya i t-ittejjan ttagg°ej x uẓummi, minzi nettat d aɣwweɣ.
Ar awarn i tlata ar rebɛa n simanat xenni izemmer ad iban later n ttid n laẓ. Senni tzemmer ad tawed ad tenḍarr sseḥḥet ar temmet.
Din wi yemmuten x 70 n wussan bla macca, din wi yiwden 66, 50, 60 .. ina ad neg tizemmer ad nessiwel x ca zzag‑sen‑ Aṭṭas zeg yinni itteksen x macca qeṭṭɛen‑asen tikkest-nsen s cwilu. Sseccan‑ten s uɣil.
Amezuy
Ijjen zeg yinni ijebden awarn‑asn aṭṭas n wussan n laz qbel ma ad mten, d arrayes n lbaladiya n Cork. Terence Joseph McSweney yemmut deg 1920 deg ucraf di London. Iɣewweɣ x tmenɣiwt n wenni ttuɣa iḥekmen qbel‑nnes. Inecraf i kid‑s ttuɣa, kksen la d nitni x macca: Aked McSweney, wer ccin x 94 n isegg°usa. Yeqqim yisem-nsen d arrikurd isejjel Ar ktuber 1929. Bhagat Singh asusyalita Ahindawi, yessiwed deg ucraf ar 116 n wussan bla ma yecca. Ttuɣa isess aman d uceffay waha. Tlata n iyuren i yiwed, aqqa-yen ɛad wer ten yiwiḍ ca n yijjen.
Mahatma Gandhi Yiweḍ ar 21 n wussan bla ma yecca. Mamec din inni yemmuten jer 28 d 40 n wussan. [X]
Ɛdan iseggusa awarn i McSweney, kksen deg Uglanzi ca n yewdan n upulitik x macca ar mani mmuten, ca zag‑sen yeqqim 73 n wussan yedder.
Tikkest yuzɣen
Melmi tettawed i inecraf iɣess s tidt, tteksen la x tissit, d wenni i umi qqarn tikkest yuzɣen x macca. Inni i tt-yeggin, drust n wussan i ddren. Taddudt melmi tettazeɣ (Dehydratation), tettejja aterras ittɣaca, ar ɣa yemmet. Ihekk°a uṭanesyu, ittneqraḍ deg iṣuraf, ittweddr-as wawal, hedcent‑as tiẓẓal …
min yeqqar wedbib?
Aṭṭas n trezzutin d tɣuriwin, ttwalant belli iwdan zemmren ad ddren ar tlata n iyuren Maca lxeẓrat‑a ɛemmers wer tettwag di ca n ulabur, ɛawed aṭṭas n inecraf tteggen‑asen abitamin s tnuffra deg waman.
Cḥal ɣa yeṣber uterras bla ma yecca, ad isess aman waha, yeqqen ɣa waṭṭas n tmeslayin, amezgaru‑nsent, cḥal n lewzen i zi ɣa yebda tikkest‑a. Tadunt d min ixemmlen di muskulut-nnes. Maca llan ca n yeklusa n wesgenfi yudsen ɣer tikkest x macca, ittawed day-snt uterras ɣer yijjen lmizan, uca ifessi di lmut, d manaya i zi nzemmer ad nessen mamek ittemsar i wenni yekksen x macca.
Imehrak n uxenzir di wneggar n wussan-nsen, tettraḥ‑asen zi 35% ar 40% n lmizan, xaf‑s i ttmettan. Llan ɛawed yewdan i itteggen arrijim waha ttilin wezznen aṭṭas, neqqṣen ɛawed ktar zi 40% nni. Min ixemmlen di taddudt n tdunt, d tenni i isleqqan x laẓ.
Melmi ittades uterras lmut s laẓ, ineqqeṣ‑as Body Mass Index (BMI) jar 12 d 12,5, Nnumru‑ya yujar azgen n umerwaṣṣu n leḥsab yellan nurmal (Normal ittili jer 18 d 25). Rni‑dd ɣer‑s lehlak n wul, d txeṣṣart n min yellan di daxel n uterras (tiẓẓar, inerfeḍ, tsa…)
Min ɣer qqnen ɛawd wussan n wenni yekksen x macca, d « Metabolism », mamek ggurent tsilulin n taddudt‑nnes akd macca, (cnaw melmi nttaf ijjen ittett‑aṭṭas wer xaf‑s ittbin). Aterras ittetten drust x yijjen wakud d azegrar qbel ma ad yekkes x macca, Metabolism‑nnes ittbeddal, iddakk°al itteḥwaja drust n Kalurin ḥima ad yedder. Suyenni ca n yewdan tteddren aṭṭas waxxa kksen x macca qaɛ, ca deɣya ineqq-iten laẓ.
Min qqarn izerfan?
World Medical Association
Artikel 6
Alaɣi n Tukyu 1975
Iḍbiben ixessa wer sseccin la d ijjen zeg inecraf s uɣil, wer swizin aked yinni yexsen ad ten-sseccen. [X]
Malṭa 1992:
Tamunt tameḍlant n yeḍbiben twessa iḍbiben wer swizin di wsecci s uɣil. [X]
Mayemmi tikkest x macca?
Aṭṭas n inekraf i yekksen x macca deg umeẓruy, jer yinni iseccen s uɣil. D yenni senni yekkin wer dd-dwilen. Maca yettɣima laẓ, d wenni d lesnaḥ aneggaru yettɣiman i wnekraf deg wudem n wenni i t‑ikerfen, minmma yurzu ad t-idd-yejbed, niɣ mamek yenna Rabiɛ ablaq: « d tenni d tawriqt zi ggureɣ mamek xseɣ deg ukraf »
Bla inekraf n upulitik, ra d imɣewwɣen n klima ttekksen x macca, mamek yegga ict n twala ijjen uḥenjir ɣer‑s 19 n iseggusa zi Danemark, yeqqim ca n rebɛa n simanat wer yecci, ḥima amaḍal ad yerr taynit i ugama.
Niɣ inni i yarewlen zeg wemquṭṭes n Surya ɣer Landau, ca zag‑sen yesseɛda tnayn n simanat n laẓ ḥima ad ɣer‑sen xezren, ad xaf‑sen debbren.
Tikkest x macca tettɣima d lesnaḥ n wenni wer ɣer yeqqim deg urasmal‑nnes ɣir taddudt‑nnes, ɣir lxecbet, la d buḥbel zi ɣa yeṣber ittili yuḥḥel. Melmi nttesla yekkes x macca, nttesla qaɛ terra‑yas taynit, ttexs ad yedwel ad yecc, minzi mala yemmut‑asen deg ufus, d amnus d ameqqran deg wuḍem n umaḍal. S uya, nttaf merra wi ittamnen s tlelli, ittbedda x tseqqar i xef kksen x macca inekraf/ijurnalisten/imɣewɣen…! Wer isseḥqara min tettren, wer isseḥqara mindi llan.


text:
Tawerga (taɣiwant)
Tawerga (s tifinaɣ: ⵜⴰⵡⴻⵔⴳⴰ, s taɛrabt: تاورقة, s tefransist: Taourga) d yiwet n tiɣiwanin n Tamurt Leqbayel (Lezzayer), tezga-d ɣer ugmuḍ uggug n ugezdu n Bumerdas. Tettabaɛ ɣer tadayra n Laɛzib n Ccix. Zedɣen-tt 7 882 n yimezdaɣ (uddun n 2008).
Tarakalt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tawerga tella gar uzaɣar n Sabaw d yidurar. Tebɛed ɣef tamdint n Bumerdes s 55 n yikilumitren, akked 20 n yikilumetren ɣef tamdint n Tizi Wezzu
Llant kra n tuddar deg tɣiwant : Bni Ɛeṭṭar, Lǧemɛa, Bouhbachou, Budciha, Tingrin, Lkudiyya, Mazzer, Leɣdayer, Wad Hlal. Imezdaɣ ttmeslayen aṭas s teɛrabt gar-asen (d zdi muḥ).
Amezruy[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg uyyur n yennayer 1985, Tawerga tuɣal taɣiwant. Tella zik d taddart kan di tɣiwant n Leɛzib N Ccix (umi qqaren Baɣliya ass-a) deg utaram.
Tadamsa[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
At Tawerga ggan aṭas n tekessawt di tɣiwant, zzit uzemmur dinna tela (tesɛa) aṭas n wazal, tella tafellaḥt deg idurar.