text:
Buslam
Buselam d taɣiwant n ugafa n ugzedu n Sṭif deg tadayra n Buɛendas.
Tarakalt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Llan deg ugafa taɣiwant n Kendira deg ugzedu n Bgayet, deg wenẓul llan At Cebana ed Tala Ifassen, deg wegmuḍ akked tiɣwanin n At Nawal Mezada ed Buɛendas deg utaram akked At Wartilan ed At Muḥli. Deg wakal n tɣiwant illa uqacuc (sommet) n Wedrar n Tqintuct
Tudrin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Llan aṭas n tudrin gar-asen a naf :
- Agemmun
- Tala Udekkar (ay d tamanaɣt n tɣiwant)
- At Ɛamara
- At Ccerfa
- At Sidi Wenṣer
- Bukerci
- Izaɛbaren
- Izaɛṭiṭen
- Usluf
- Ssuq Lḥad
- Tagma
- Tarẓut
- Taskaft
- Tiẓgin
- Tizi N Tagma
- Zerkun
- Buzekkuṭ


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text:
L’analyse sémantique de quelques images métaphoriques dans la poésie Chantée de Lounis Ait Menguellet
Date2017-04-30
Author
Daid, Zakia
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
Iswi n uxeddim agi d anadi neɤ d tuksa n kra n tumnayin yellan di tmedyazt n Lwenis At Mengllat d usqardec nsent akken ad naf assaɤ n unamek icudden ger iferdisen n yal yiwet ger tumnayin agi. Uqbel ad nekcem di tesleḍt , ilaq ad nebder kra n wawlen yesɛan azal meqren deg uxeddim agi nnaɤ, ger asen: - Tumnayt - Tamedyazt - Aɤanib - Aɤanib arusrid - Tiɤunba - Tasleḍt - Tasekla d tasekla Taqbaylit Deg unadi agi nnaɤ, tella-d tseleḍt tasnamkit ɤef kra n tumnayin yemgaraden id yettwaksen di tmedyazt n Lwenis At Mengllat, naɛreḍ ad nawi awal ɤef amek id yella usuddes d axel n tumnayin d wamek id yella ucuddu ger iferdisen n yal yiwet deg-sent, akken naɛreḍ daɤen ad nsefhem anamek uffir win ɤef I tebna tumanyt d tezlit sumata di tmedyazt n Lwenis At Mengllat. Iswi naɤ deg uxeddim agi ur yeḥbis ara ɤef ayen akka id nenna, imi naɛreḍ d aɤen ad nẓar acḥal n tumnayin i nezmer ad naf deg yiwet n tezlit, s yin newi-d awal ɤef unamek i sɛant ger-asent imi tezdi tent yiwet n tezlit, aha ymegarad neɤ ahat yiwen-is; akken i nenuda d aɤen ad nẓar d acu n unamek i ɤef i tebna tezlit n Lewnis At Mengllat: ɤef unamek id ibanen di tumnayt nni neɤ ahat ɤef unamek-ines uffir. Anadi nnaɤ deg-s tlata n yixfawen i deg id newi awal ɤef tumnayt d unamek ines di tmedyazt Taqbaylit d tin n Lwenis At Mengllat. Deg ugzul agi, ad nawi awal s tewzel ɤef ayen yellan di mkul ixef, acukan uqbel aya ad nesmekti belli nseqdec kra n yimawalen akken ad nsefhem kra n wawalen ama di tumnayt, tasnamkit, neɤ tamedyazt sumata. Deg yixef amenzu, d asmekti n waṭṭas n temsal yeɛnan iferdisen igejdanen yellan deg unadi nnaɤ ama d tugna, tumnayt, tasnamkit, d wassaɤen yellan gar asen, akken id nefka d aɤen kra n yimedyaten s ways id nsefhem yal tamsalt ɤef id newi awal. Deg yixef wis sin, newi-d ɤef tmedyazt Taqbaylit sumata,akken ad ngar tamawt amek id tettili d wacu n wazal tesɛa tumnayt di tmedyazt, arnu nenuda ad nzar ma yella si zik i telladi tmedyazt Taqbaylit neɤ ala, ma yella aṭṭas n yimedyazen iqburen i tt ysexdamen neɤ kra kan seg-sen, d ayen id aɤ yeğğan ad nefk imedyaten n kra imedyazen yecnan di tallit yemxalafen, ger-asen: Sliman Ɛazem, Crif Xeddam, Ferhat Meheni, Maɛtub Lwennas d wiyaḍ nniḍen. Ma yella deg yixef wis tlata, nexdem tasleḍt ɤef iferdisen d talɤiwen yemgaraden n tumnayt di tezlit d tmedyazt n Lewnis At Mengllat, akken naɛreḍ ad nessefhem inumak n tumnayin d iferdisen nsent ama d wid id ibanen ama d wid yeffren xas akken isefra n Lewnis At Mengllat mačči d wid isehlen i usefhem xas akken ḥlawit aṭṭas i tɤuri. Acukan uqbel ad nsewjed anadi agi nnaɤ, llan aṭṭas inadiyen nniḍen i neɤra, ger-asen: anadi n Muḥamed Ğellawi ɤef tugawin n tmedyazt n Lewnis At Mengllat deg useggas n 2003, akken yella d aɤen uxeddim n Ɛllawa Rabḥi ɤef tesleḍt n tiɤunba di tmedyazt n Lewnis At Mengllat deg useggas n 2009, ad yarnu ɤur sen unadi n Flici Kahina ɤef umeyeḍres di tmedyazt n Lewnis At Mengllat deg useggas n 2011, acukan llan wiyaḍ i neɤra xas akken ffɤen i tezlit n Lewnis At Mengllat acukan ur ffiɤen ara I tmedyazt, ger asen: anadi n Fittas Racida ɤef amek i tettddu tumnayt di tmedyazt n Maɛtub Lwennas yettwaxedmen deg useggas n 2011, ad naf d aɤen ɤer tama-s axeddim n Kamal Buɛmara i yexdem ɤef tmedyazt n Si Lbaci Amellaḥ deg useggas 1995, akken llan d aɤen sin inadiyen n Xerdusi Ḥasina, amenzu deg useggas n 2001 ɤef tezlit n tecnayt Taqbaylit, ma d wis sin deg useggas n 2007 ɤef tmedyazt tuffirt n tmeṭṭut.

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


text:
Tigzirin tiknariyin
Gant Tegzirin tiknariyin (Islas Canarias s tṣbnyulit) yan warkabil illan ɣ yill aṭlantiy. Tagzirt akkʷ yaẓn i Lmɣrib, taggug-nn fll-as s 100 km.
Aẓur n wawalsnfl
Illa maytinin mas Canaria tuckad zɣ Taknarit
Amzruysnfl
Ɣ umzruy atra, ssutrn imzdaɣn n tgzirt n uknari azarug f tmazirt n Ṣbanya, sbddn amussu uzarug n tgzirin uknari (CIIM), amussu nna iṭṭafn anzway n radyu ɣ tɣrmt n Dzayr tamaẓunt tskr asrdas mgal tanbaḍt n Ṣblyun.
Issnti umussu uzarug ddu ufus n umɣnas Anṭunyu Kubillu ɣ usggas 1964. Illa waxxam nns ɣ tɣrmt n Dzayr tamaẓunt, tswassn sis tmgrawt n tamunt n tfriqt ɣ usggas 1968 .
Ɣ usggas 1978, iga umɣnas Anṭunyu Kubillu ḍaḥiyt n tarmit nna skrn iɣwwaɣn iṣblyuniyn nna igan anggaru i tudrt nns ɣ tɣrmt n Dzayr tamaẓunt. Tbṛṛḥ tnzwayt n rradyu n umussu i ugdud n tgzirin bac ad yurri s uẓur nns d usxddm n tutlayt tamaziɣt ɣ tudrt kullut. Dffir maya, itwassn ucnyal n umussu ɣ kigan n tmizar n umaḍal, amussu isbdd taɣnsa mgal tanbaḍt n Ṣbanya dffir ma tlla tmnaḍt n unbaḍ aymman i arxabil n uknari ɣ usggas n 1982. Dffir maya, fkan lɛfu i umɣnas amaziɣ Anṭunyu Kubillu yurrid s Ṣbanya aylliɣ immut.


text:
Imeẓuɣen agenin
Imeẓuɣen agenin (Isem usnan: Plantago lanceolata) d talmest n yemɣi seg twacult n Plantaginaceae (fr) . Carl Von Linné d amdan amezwaru i yuran fell-as deg useggas n 1753.
Tilmas[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ismawen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Isem-is s latinit: Plantago lanceolata
- Isem-is s tefransist: Plantain lancéolé, Oreilles de lièvre
- Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit:
- Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt:
Isseqdac[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Izdayen Iberraniyen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Media ɣef Plantago lanceolata deg Wikimedia Commons
- Data ɣef Plantago lanceolata deg Wikispecies
Tiwelhiwin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ 'Plantes médicinales de Kabylie' - Mohand Aïd Youssef - Ibis Press -Paris 2006


text:
Tileɣmatin n yellu
Tileɣmatin n yellu (assaɣ ussnan: Mantodea), yettwassen daɣen s «Tagmart n nnbi», Udayen ɣɣaren-as: «alɣem n Sliman» d tafesna n ibureɣsen igebren seg 15 n twaculin d 430 n tewsitin d ugar n 2400 n telmas
Igmamen n twacult-a d wid yettidiren deg yideggan n yinezwa yemnummsen d imezzayen, Amur ameqqran seg telmas-is d tid yeṭṭafaren tawacult n talɣemt n yellu
Seg gar n tenfiwin d ibuɣaṛ n telɣemt n yellu d učči-ines i ibureɣsen ayen yeǧǧan ad tekkes aṭas n tillicin yettmagaren imuzar (tibḥirin) adɣa ajṛad.
Izeɣnunnay d tzermemmuyin gam d angir (aɛdaw) ameqqran n telɣemt n yellu
Tinnagrawt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Adu-twacult n Mantodea tennulfa-d deg useggas n 1838 sɣur n umesburɣes n Terjuntint Conrado Burmeister
Asemmili[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Igmamen n telɣemt n yellu d wid ilan (yesɛan) ixef s talɣa n ukeṛdas, ma d allen myuggagent (mmibɛadent) yerna hraw-it, dɣa anecta d ayen i d-yettaken tajumma meqqren i wsekkud d tmuɣli. Ɣer kra n telmas llant ugar n 10,000 n tullin i d-yettaken asekkud igerrzen s waṭas anda i tezmer ad tesled (ad tfeṣṣel) tiɣawsiwin d yiswiyen seg 20 km
Amyaraw d tneflit[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Asesmel[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Umuɣ n twaculin s unect n NCBI (2 yebrir 2012) yakk d tajrit n tudert (2 yebrir 2012)[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Acanthopidae
- Amorphoscelididae
- Talɣemt n yellu — (Mantidae)
- Chaeteessidae
- Tajjunin — (Empuse)
- Talɣemt taneẓraft — (Eremiaphilidae)
- Hymenopodidae
- Iridopterygidae


text:
Ussisen n yiduba inagduden yerzan asnefli n yisunen n tili, ttwasẓerfen seg useggas n 2020 ar assa, deg yiwen n wahil ideg llant 24.216 n temzal i wumi fkan 310 n yimelyaren n yidinaren, i d-yesseddi Mass Benabderrahmane, mi d-yessissen n Uɣawas n tigawt n unabaḍ sdat n Usqamu n Uɣlan.
Amḍan n yisenfaren yekfan yewweḍ ɣer 13.135 yebḍan ɣef 1343 n tɣiwanin, i d-yesfates, yerna yenna-d dakken isenfaren-a rzan timzal n waman n tissit, tuqqna ɣer uẓḍwu n trisiti akked wurrig akked uẓeḍwu n tzuliɣin, rnu-yas asmal n Tdawsa n yijufar akked ureqqeɛ n tallunin n usgunfu.
Ifuṛes tagnit uneɣlaf Amenzu yezzireg-d dakken, lebni n Lezzayer tamaynut ad iɛeddi ɣef uselhu n ukatar n tmeddurt n uɣerman akked usnefli anmetti adamsan n tmurt.


text:
Deg wussan-agi kan iɛeddan, i d-yeffeɣ ɣer ssuq udlis wis tlata n umaru d umedyaz Muḥemmed Ḥaǧimi, iwummi isemma Iles, times. D ammud n tmedyazt wis kraḍ, i d-yessuffeɣ ɣer tezrigin n Ccix Muḥend Ulḥusin n Tizi Uzzu. Yettnuzu s wazal n 150 DA. D taselmadt n tmaziɣt Belḥusin Nasiṛa, i d as-yerran tazwert n udlis-agi n 48 n yisebtar. D ammud n tmedyazt, ideg ara naf 21 d asefru s teqbaylit timserreḥt, yeččuren d sser d ccbaḥa akked wawal aziḍan. Yettleqqim tamussni-s deg yisefra s wawalen iqburen, yessefruy s teqbaylit-nni taqurant. Ma d isental iɣef i d-yewwi awal deg wammud-agi, mačči yiwen, mačči sin, gten. Tuget n yisefra-s, tezzin ɣef tnagit n tegrawla tazzayrit (Awal n umeɣras), tamagit d yidles amaziɣ (Asmekti n tefsut), tayri (Tayri ifuḥen, Tajeǧǧigt n ddunit, Ansayen n tayri)…atg.
Nger tamawt deg yisefra-agi, nufa-d belli Mass Ḥaǧimi, yessefray s 6 n yifyar i yal taseddart, ma tameɣurt i d-yettuɣalen deg yisefra-a d AB/AB/AB. Ad d-nesmekti kan belli, Mass Ḥaǧimi Muḥemmed, d amedyaz d amaru. Yettales-d diɣ timucuha i warrac, am wakken diɣ i yettaru timezgunin sya ɣer da. D argaz bu tebɣest meqqren, ulamma 79 n yiseggasen di leɛmer-is maca mazal deg-s ifadden d leḥrara n uxeddim ɣef yidles d tutlayt tamaziɣt. Ilul ass n 15 deg cutember 1941 deg taddart n Cender deg tɣiwant n Naṣirya deg lwilaya n Bumerdas.
A. A.


text:
Wp/shi/Assaɣ
Assaɣ tga yat tguri ilan Kraḍ inumak :
- Assaɣ (Asget : Assaɣn) dars anamk n Ism (Asgt. Ismawn) tga tt tguri nna nttini iɣ nra ad nɣr i kra n yan. Kraygat yan iṭṭaf yism nna s ssn middn.
- Assaɣ (Tga taguri ad afris ) tuckad taguri ad sg umyag n ssaɣ.
- Assaɣ[1] s unamk n uzday ger snat tɣawsiwin (s Tafransist : relation nɣ Rapport).
Amdya
Anamk amzwaru
- Assaɣ-inu Lḥussyn = Ism inu Lḥussyn
- Afrux ann iga s wassaɣ Iddr = Afrux ann iga s yism Iddr
- S wassaɣ n rbbi as ntadda taẓallit nnɣ = S yism n rbbi as ntadda taẓallit nnɣ
Anamk wis-sin
- Assaɣ n tifawt.
- Assaɣ n wafa.
- Ssaɣ tifawt.
- Ssaɣ afa.
- Ssaɣ ttlfaza.
- Ssaɣ ttilifun.


text:
Ar tura (ghila), ur ta tzdar tenbatt n lemghrib ad teskr g temazight tutlayt ns tunsibt (langue officielle
) ?
Maxx ?
Aseqqsi amqran ayad ?
Igh nurri s umzruy, ran nafi mas bahra drusn izmaz lligh tga temazight tutlayt tunsibt n tesrtit (politique
) ula ahdrun (religion
) , turri bdda f usga tadj amras ns i tutlayin n imughaz.
ghik-an d uzemz ad llig neddr, tamazight tga ghass (ghir) awal n inamurn g tgwmma d teswak tefl imrasn unsibn (domaines officiels
) i taârabt d tefransist lli bughlanin g isuyas n tedamsa (économie
) d tinimmelin (écoles
) d usmal d temndiwin (institutions) n tanbatt akkw.
Maxx ? ?
Aseqqsi bahra mqqurn ayad ?
Lligh iffugh umaghuz arumi di 1956, tmun trabbut lli mu ttinin « amussu anamur » nttat d lmxezn s teslwayt n ugllid muhmmad wiss 5 f umqqen axatar lli f rad tsku tanbatt tirsal ns, mcickin-d akkw f tebrida n taydyulujit n taâraslamt, sittin tamazight f usga lli yadlli ittafn imik n watig dar umaghuz arumi, munen kullu (lemxzen d ikabarn isertanen swa ifasiyn gisn ula izelmadn ) f tinghi d usnghubu n tifraz n temagit tamazight g usmal d igherbaz... gwdeln assaghn d temsmunin timazighin, ar kkerzn tasrtit n usârreb 50 n usggwas ayad g wakal amazigh, srfufnn amadan (peuple
) amazigh g idurar ula timdinin, sndallfen imeghnasn ns (ttayn lexttabi, neghin lmsaâdi d wiyyad, sneghubun lhbbaz, amzen azayku d idbelqasm d ikken d harc rras d wiyyad ).
Amqqen ad axatar lli f munen ssaghen as adustur, sawln gis f :
- temagit n tawunkt (état) mas tga “taârabt-tamuslmt” tg agzzum g lmaghrib amqran n waârabn,
- tutlayt tunsibt n tawunkt mas tga ghass taârabt,
- tirsal n tanbatt mas bidden-t ghass f târaslamt.
Imir wiss 19 gh udustur ad iskr gh ugllid “LAMIR LMUMININ”, lli irksen gr tesrtit d uhdrun, isers agllid s ghemk-an g berra n temasayt ( responsabilité ), isku yas tirsal ns f taydyulujit n uhdrun ilsan aqccab n târabt.
Tuskka yad tasrtant ( système politique
), lli ibidden f tutlayt n uhdrun, is tezdar ad tsker g temazight tutlayt ns tunsibt?
Igh urta tsenfl tenbatt adustur ad s wayyad issenen s “telayikt “ ( la laïcité
), lli ibiddn f tesaghult tamadlant n izerfan n ufgan, tuma isentayn n tatrart ( modernité
) d teghikant ( relativité
), d temnnawt d luqqer n wiyyad ( ihdrunen, tidlsiwin ula tafganit akkw ), ur ad tizdir ad tessen s temazight mas tga tutlayt tunsibt.
Ghayan af igwdl uwnni agldan (discours royal
) tasrtit f temazight iswwuttu yas asays n tedlsa g ugns n unsinag agldan n tewssna Tamazight (IRCAM).
Tawunkt (état
) igh tra ad tg tatrart (moderne
) tadimkratit, iqqan-d ad tsenfl tirsal ns s temazight lli bdda isngaran gr TALB d UMGHAR, tasutin f tasutin ayad, ku yan gisn d usays ns.
Iqqan-d gh tegldit ad tsenfl imir wiss 19, tellf i yumqqen an lli-t ismunen d “ umussu anamur” .
Amur n temazgha imyar bdda tigldiwin zegh cicung ar massinisa d yuba ar tacfin d yiwis n tumert...macc tagldit tanghramt (civile
) issenen s tutlayt n umazigh mas tga tutlayt n tuskka tasrtant; tin tsertit d uhdrun d tedamsa d usmal d tudert yuman akkw.
Biksatas Lhsayni


text:
Agemmay afiniqi
Agemmay afiniqi d agemmay abjed iban-d di -1050, llan seqdacen-t yifiniqiyen di tira n tutlayt-nsen : tafiniqit.
Zik-nni, ifiniqiyen unagen di lebḥur, ddun ar turuft, ar Tafriqt ugafa, steɛmren u beznsen akk d yigduden i mlalen-d yid-sen. Igduden-nni ṭṭfen agemmay-nsen u beddlen-t, akka-agi ilul-d tifinaɣ akk d ugemmay grik (wagi yefka-d agemmay alatini d Ssirilik).
agemmay arami, i-d-yefkan agemmay aɛebri akk d agemmay anbaṭi (wagi yefka-d agemmay aɛrab), yusa-d ula d netta seg ugemmay afiniqi.
AgemmayẒreg
Agemmay afiniqi yella yettwura seg ayfus ɣer uzelmaḍ, maca mačči daymen, yesɛa 22 isekkilen :


text:
Tamassant
Tamassant ( Asget : Timassanin) tga kullu madakkan iswingimns lanin atig f mayssn ufgan, d ma ilkm s ixfn ɣ tusna n madas issuteln. z talatinit (scientia, « connaissance »). Ilint graygat tiɣulin n tamassant, tarakal (géographie), tamsasfart ( Medecin), tusnakt (Matematique), takrura (chimie).. graygat tayult tẓli s yan wanaw n tamassant tsmun tiwuriwin nes, d iswingimn iqbura nes, d ma fllasn ibnan , d mad kfan. Gint tiɣarasin timassanit, atig n tamassanit may skarn ɣ tuwuriwin ad kullu ma mu ntini timassanin.


text:
Étude comparative entre le kabyle (parler Ait Mengellat) et le Touarègue (parler Tamahakt) à base des deux dictionnaires J.M.Dallet (1982) et Ch.de FOUCAULD (1951): la morphologie et la sémantique.
Date2016
Author
TABROUT, REZIKA
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
Tutlayt n tmaziɣit deg-s aṭas n Tantaliyin, gar-asent ad naf iḥricen i deg mgaradent d wid i deg mnuzant. 1. Tanekda n tezrawt Di tezrawt-agi neɛreḍ ad nesmed taṣleḍt tasnalɣayt d tesnamkayt i snat n tantalayin Taqbaylit (yeɛnan tamnaḍt n Twrirt n At Mengellat di Micli) – Tatargit (Tamahaqt n at uheggar “kel-Ahaggar”). Neṭṭef ɣef umawal J. M. DALLET Amawal Taqbaylit – Tafransist , At Mengellat di Micli, d umawal Charles de FOUCAULD Amawal Tatargit – Tafransist, Tamahaqt n at uheggar “kel-Ahaggar”. Amud neɣ yebna ɣef 146 n wazaren yezdin gar snat n tantaliyin-a. 2. Tamukrist • Deg wacu deg mnuzant d wayen ideg mgaradent snat n tantaliyin Taqbaylit - Tatargit , deg wayen yeɛnan tasnalɣa d tesnamka ? 3. Tasnarayat Ammud n tezrawt neɣ deg-s 146 n wazaren, i d-nekkes deg sin n yimawalen J. M. DALLET Amawal Taqbaylit – Tafransist d win Charles de FOUCAULD Amawal Tatargit – Tafransist. Nessarwes snat n tantalayin-a s tesleḍt tasnalɣayt d tesnamkayt : Deg tasnalɣa nwala aẓaren imi cerken d tenḍawit tasnalɣayt, d wawalen irrṭṭalen di Teqbaylit d Tetargit, sakin nexdem taṣleḍt i yal yiwen. Ɣer taggara nsenked yal aḥric s tunta. Akkan daɣen ula deg tesnamka, nwala awalen yemgaraden, anamek amatu d unamek uzzig, d wassaɣ asnamkan di sin n yimawalen DALLET d win n FOUCAULD.


text:
LEQDICAT n useggas 2014
UDEM AMAYNUT I UXXAM N TMUSNI
Seg beṛṛa, yettban-d lebni-yagi d aḥerfi; ɣef waya i yessefk ad yeseu udem atrar. Di tefsut-agi n 2014, yettwasebeɣ uxxam n tmusni si ṭṭeṛf ar ṭṭeṛf yerna yettwacebbeḥ s wunuɣen n tira akked yizamulen, ayagi yejbed-d lwelha n umeqqṛan d umecṭuḥ.
Acebbeḥ-agi yebda mi akken i d-tlul tikti.Yettuṛaǧu ad ikemmel kra n uqeeeed yeḥwaǧen allalen n tedrimt akken ad d-yernu usenfaṛ ccbaḥa i
taddart Ilunisen.
TAKLUT N TMELLALIN
I lmend n usedhu n warrac, daɣen akken ad seun tamuɣli ɣef wansayen n yiɣeṛfan-nniḍen, teɣli-d swaswa tallit-agi akked d tin n Tfaska (Peques). Tagnit tettunefk i Taklut n tmellalin i d-ijemɛen arrac deg ufrag n Uxxam n tmusni. Tafaska tewwi-d talwit n usegrew dɣa d awal ɣef wansay-agi abeṛṛani i d-yellan i tikkelt tamezwarut s tayet n warrac yewwin timellalin s ixxamen, ahat d tagnit i yieeggalen n twaculin akken ad issinen idelsan n leǧnas.
TIMSIRIN DEG TEQBAYLIT
Asnerni d useǧhed n tutlayt tayemmat Taqbaylit d yiwen si gar iswiyen igejdanen n Uxxam n tmusni. D awal ihi i wid ur negzi ara liḥala i deg tella Teqbaylit s umata. Iqbayliyen heddṛen tutlayt-nsen tayemmat nebla lqid, maca tuget ur tt-qqaṛen, ur ssinen ad tt-arun. Deg uɣerbaz, d Taeṛabt i yeṭṭfen taqacuct deg lawan i deg Taqbaylit ur tesei azal imi tettwaselmad s lxetyaṛṛ.D wayagi ur tt-nessaweḍ ara ɣer wallaɣen n lɣaci.Ɣef waya, iger Uxxam n tmusni asurif i tikli deg ubrid n uḥareb fell-as akka s warrac akked yiwessaren ur nekcim ara aɣerbaz. Seg mi d-ilul Uxxam n tmusni, yettaf uguren deg wid ara yesseɣṛen tutlayt Taqbaylit nebla tadrimt.Leḥmala n tutlayt, idles akked tidet zemren ad sbedden tutlayt ɣef yiḍaṛṛen, maca ur zmiren ara ad tt-sselḥun di yir liḥala i deg tella Tmurt n Yiqbayliyen.
Akken i s-qqaṛen : "lxiṛ d cceṛ d imsaefen", iger-d wakud yiwen yilemẓi d aselmad di tama iqeṛben akken ad d-yefk tazmert-is mačči kan deg deg uselmed, ula deg uẓawan d
kra n tẓuṛiwin-nniḍen. Amkan n Uxxam n tmusni d win yellan si gar iɣerbazen yettaẓen ɣer tafat s tmusni.


text:
Sselmed, [NM][LM][ṬB][ZW][MẒ][MH] enseigner, apprendre (fr) - to teach (en) - enseñar (es) - علم
Ẓer daɣ: abalmud, alemdiman, almad, almud, anelmad, aselmad, asselmed, lmed, mselmad, ttwalmed, ttwasselmed.
Aɣbalu: Amawal n Tmaziɣt Tatrart - Lexique du berbère moderne (Tiddukla Aẓar, Bgayet 1990).
Imedyaten:
Anwa ay ak-yeslemden tafṛensist? - Qui t'a appris le français ? - ¿Quién te enseñó francés? - من علمك الفرنسية؟
Anwa ay as-yeslemden i Yidir ad yessiwel tafṛensist? - Qui a appris à Yidir à parler français ? - ¿Quién le enseñó a Yidir a hablar francés? - من علم ييدير الفرنسية؟
Anwa ay as-yeslemden tanglizit i Taninna? - Qui a appris l'anglais à Taninna ? - - من علّم الإنجليزية لتانينا؟
As-d ɣer da, ad ak-slemdeɣ aya - Viens ici, et je te l'apprendrai - Ven aquí y te lo enseñaré - تعال إلى هنا، و سأعلّمك إيّاه
D acu ay tebɣid ad iyi-t-teslemded? - Que veux-tu m'apprendre ? - - ماذا تريد أن تعلمني إياه؟
D nekk ay as-yeslemden tanglizit i Yidir - C'est moi qui ai appris l'anglais à Yidir - - أنا من علمت الإنجليزية لييدير
Kecc tesselmaded taspenyulit? - Enseignes-tu l'espagnol ? - ¿Usted enseña español? - هل تدرّس الإسبانية؟
Mazal-it yesselmad aẓawan - Il enseigne toujours la musique - - هو لا يزال يعلم الموسيقى
Nekk sselmadeɣ tanglizit - J'enseigne l'anglais - Yo enseño inglés - أنا أدرّس الإنجليزية
Nettat tesselmad tanglizit - Elle enseigne l'anglais - Ella enseña inglés - هي تدرّس الإنجليزية
Netta yesselmad-iyi tanglizit - Il m'enseigne l'anglais - Él me enseña inglés - هو يعلمني الإنجليزية
Netta yif-iyi akken yezmer ad yesselmed - Il est plus apte à enseigner que moi - Él está más capacitado para enseñar que yo - هو أكثر كفاءة مني في التعليم
Seg melmi ay la tesselmaded tafṛensist? - Depuis quand enseignes-tu le français ? - ¿Cuánto tiempo llevas enseñando francés? - منذ متى و أنت تدرّس الفرنسية؟
Sselmadeɣ tafṛensist - J'enseigne le français - Enseño francés - أنا أدرس الفرنسية
Ttxil-k, sselmed-iyi tafṛensist - S'il te plaît, apprends-moi le français - Por favor, enséñame francés - علمني الفرنسية من فضلك
Ur teslemded acemma - Tu n'as rien enseigné - No enseñaste nada - لم تعلم شيئا
Ur yelli ara yesselmad kan deg uɣerbaz, wanag yella yettaru-d ula d ungalen - Il n'enseignait pas seulement à l'école, mais il écrivait également des romans - No sólo enseñaba en el colegio, también escribía novelas - لم يكن يدرس في المدرسة فحسب، بل كان يؤلف الروايات أيضا
Wissen ma ad iyi-yesselmed Yidir tafṛensist - Je me demande si Yidir m'enseignera le français - Me pregunto si Yidir me enseñará francés - أتساءل إن كان ييدير سيعلمني الفرنسية
Yella wasmi ay teslemded tafṛensist i kra n yiwen? - As-tu déjà enseigné le français à quelqu'un ? - ¿Has enseñado francés a alguien alguna vez? - هل سبق لك و أن علمت الفرنسية لشخص ما؟
Yella yebɣa ad yesselmed tanglizit deg uɣerbaz - Il voulait enseigner l'anglais à l'école - Quería enseñar inglés en la escuela - كان يريد أن يعلم الإنجليزية في المدرسة
Yesselmed-iyi Yidir amek ara sqedceɣ takamra-nnes - Yidir m'a appris comment utiliser sa caméra - Yidir me enseñó a usar su cámara - علّمني ييدير كيف أستعمل كاميرته
Yidir yesselmad-aneɣ tanglizit - Yidir nous enseigne l'anglais - Yidir nos enseña inglés - ييدير يعلمنا الإنجليزية
Yidir yesselmad-iyi taɛṛabt - Yidir m'enseigne l'arabe - Yidir me enseña el árabe - يعلمني ييدير العربية
Yidir yesselmad tafṛensist - Yidir enseigne le français - Yidir enseña francés - ييدير يعلم الفرنسية
Yidir yesselmad tanglizit deg yiwet n tesnawit - Yidir enseigne l'anglais dans un lycée - Yidir enseña inglés en un instituto - ييدير يدرس الفرنسية في ثانوية
Yusa-d ad iyi-yesselmed tanhaṛt - Il est venu m'apprendre à conduire - - جاء ليعلمني السياقة
Aql-iken deg - Vous êtes dans - You are in - Ustedes están en - أنتم في
Asegzawal n Tmaziɣt - Dictionnaire Amazigh - Français - Amazigh - English Dictionary - Diccionario Amazigh - Español - قاموس أمازيغي - عربي
(c) Omar Mouffok - Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen.


text:
Wp/shi/Pitaguras
Pitaguras (570 - 495 Q.M) iga yan ufaylasuf d amassan n tusnakt agriki, d nttan ay bdan amussu apitagori xklli s tussan tanfalit nns (nadarya n putaguras). lkmnaɣd inɣmissn fllas zɣ idlisn ittyuran dffir tasutin f tamttant nns, ɣayn af iqqand ad nssen masd ur llan umlan iṣḥan izdin d tmamkt n uswingm nns d twuri nns. Ilul ɣ tagzirt n Samus ilmma imudda s tmizar yaḍnin zund Agrik d Miṣṛa d ḥaqqan Lhnd ula nttat.
Tiɣbula
Amgrad ad iga amud, imẓẓiy ka sul. Aws Wikipidya s usnfl nns d simɣur tt.


text:
Aḥenjir amutis (Autiste) ittekk ijjen lweqt d azegrar ixezzer ɣer tmeslayin axmi i tent-iqqar, ittmuqqul deg ifruruyen-nnsent bla ma ad inhezz.
Ɛecra melyun n midden deg umaḍal i di tella tutist (autisme). Alaḥal kul aḥenjir zi 54 ittili dag-sen. D aya i yenna ijjen wammas d Amarikani ig ixeddmen x lehlakat d uḥeṭṭu zzag-sent.
Amerwi n wewlaf n tutist (Troubles du spectre de l’autisme) ittegg imxumbal di tyumi n lɛasab d walli n uḥenjir, manaya ittejja later x mamec ittemsurruf aked inneɣni d tsugar tufrayin (compétences cognitives). Izumal n tutist ttemsebḍan zeg uḥenjir ɣer wenniḍen.
Nzemmer a nejj tiyafutin (les résultats) n ugenfi azegrar n iḥenjiren imutisen ad ilint mliḥ, ɣir mala nejja tisugar n wemsawaḍ-nnsen ad ifent mala nefṭen aked uḥenjir zic. D aya i tenna tamesmunt Tamarikant i tmesliwt d wawal. Maca iqqseḥ x lwalidin ad ssnen min yuɣin mmi-tsen niɣ yelli-tsen ar ɣa aweḍen tlata n isegg°asen.
Maca tirezzutin timeggura wwḍent ad ssnent izumal n tutist n iḥenjiren i iɛelmen jar 6 ar 12 cchur, ḥuma ad ggenfan deɣya deɣya.
10 n izumal i daneɣ-iqqarent ila aḥenjir ippudar dag-s tutist
Ammas n tutist i yellan deg usinag n Kinedy Kriger yegga aṭṭas n trezzutin x iseyman awmaten n iḥenjiren i di yella tutist bac ad wcen timitar n ummerwi-ya deg beddu-nnes.
Imerzuten ttwessan lwalidin bac ad ḥḍan tarwa-nnsen mliḥ, ad xezren ma ɛeḍlen wer sseymen tisugar-nnsen tinamunin (compétences sociales) d tinni n unhezzi.
Aqqa ula d tisugar-a ttɛeqqabent ɣer deffer zegga i d ɣa tban mliḥ tutist deg uḥenjir. Tiɣuriwin nnant ila 97.5% xmi i ttfaqqan zic i tutist ataf agenfi ittehwin kṭer ukṭer.
Imerzuten wessan ad rzun x izumal-a ina :
- Ma teẓrid ila aḥenjir drus xminni iḍeḥḥek niɣ isbissim i yenniḍen waxxa ttiraren akid-s, sqiqqiḍen-t ? Ina i kid-s ittiraren zemmren ad ilin d ifirmiruten-nnes, niɣ zi twacunt niɣ d yemma-s d baba-s ameqqran. Ula d ccek/m, aya a dd-iban zi cehrayen ar settchur. Ixess-ac ad tessned ma aḥenjir ma isbissim drus ma ma isbissim nurmal.
- Aḥenjir ataf ad ibda ilemmed iwalen (ittɣenɣun) zi settchur ar tenɛacchur, danita aḥenjir ittxes ad iqelled ilmas (voix). Ixess a das-nerr taynit mala nufa ila aḥenjir drus xmi ittqellad iwalen d ilmas-nnwen. Ula ɛawed aqelled n inhezziten-nniḍen xmi ig ittemsawaḍ.
Ameknaw xmi ig ittxes ad issiwel, ad iḍḥek, niɣ xmi ɣer-s d ijebbed ttilifun xmi tettmsawaḍem.
- Amsawaḍ ittili ɣer-s lhimmet-nnes jar 12 d 18 cchur, danita imerzuten ttrajan zeg iḥenjiren ad neṭqen ca n wawalen d imeẓẓyanen bac ad aneɣ-ɛelmen iḥenjiren-a xmi ttili lluẓen, niɣ ḥwajen ca n ḥajet.
Ad neṭqen awal n « baba » niɣ isem n « mama ». Niɣ ad dd-yerr taynit netta xmi ittesla i yesmawen n lwalidin-nnes. Maca mala wer ittegg manaya ixess ad igg ttist n tutist, minzi iḥenjiren imutisen drus xminni ttfaɛalen aked min dasen-dd-yunuḍen.
- Nzemmer a nessen ila aḥenjir dag-s tutist xminni i ɣer-s ittili ɛcerchur, d aya i tenna ijjen tɣuri i tegga tasdawit n Obsala Taswidit, ula kṭer inni ixeddmen di tepsikulujt n uḥenjir.
Manaya ttessnen-tt imezruten-a xmi tterran taynit i mummu n tiṭṭawin n uḥenjir d netta ittirar di lɛumur-nni. Xmi ixezzer deg imunyakuten mamec ceṭṭḥen niɣ anhezzi n macina niɣ xmi irezzu x umunyaku i x-as iɛizzen. Da imerzuten ufin belli imutisen drus xminni snhezzan mummu-nnsen aked min dasen-itteɛjiben, minzi ttsedḥan, wer ttexsen ca ad ssiwlen.
- Imerzuten ttwalan ila amutis xminni wer das-icqi min das-dd-yunuḍen, manaya ittegg imxumbal i walli-nnes bac ad yeyma mliḥ. S uya ttwalan ila imutisen drus xminni ttfaɛalen aked min dasen-dd-yunuḍen, wer dasen-icqi mala ḥedd yudef-dd ɣer uxxam-nnes niɣ iffeɣ zzag-s, niɣ mala baba-s d yemma-s ggin ca n ḥajet feckel i zi das ɣa yerr taynit-nnes, ataf qqaɛ wer t-yecqi manaya qaɛ.
- Zeg ij n uɣezdis-nniḍen, llant ca n tmeslayin wer das-tteɛjibent ameknaw xmi ittili ẓẓga di berra, am pitu n ṭṭumubilat, d telfaza i ḍelqen s jjehd, niɣ tili yekreh ad iḥada ca ṭṭrez n warruḍ.
- Iḥenjiren xmi ttafen ca n ḥajet d jjdid, min tteggen ? D amezwaru xezzren dag-s, tteggen-t deg uqemmum, ttqasan-t s yiles-nnsen, ttḥaḍan-t niɣ ccaten-t aked tmurt. Awern-as qqaɛ immal ddareb-nni i baba-s d yemma-s. Maca amutis ittekk aṭṭas n lweqt d netta ixezzer dag-s axmi iqqar manayenni ittalleɣ deg ifruryen-nnes bla ma ad inhezz.
- Ixess-ak/m ak/m yaɣ wemnus mala teẓrid aḥenjir lebda ijemmeɛ ifassen-nnes d iḍaren-nnes deg ijen wemkan, uca ittɛawad-as lebda. Niɣ tili isnhezza ixef-nnes s ca n inhezziyen wer llin ca nurmal, amkenaw xmi iteṭṭef fus-nnes.
- Cḥal ma yella aḥenjir ittsedḥa, ataf wer izemmer ad issedḥa zi baba-s d yemma-s. Aḥenjir mala wer cem/k yufi qibalt-nnes uɣil ad iru niɣ ad igg ca n ḥajet. Maca amutis wer isgeɛɛid bu ifassen-nnes xmi ttexsen lwalidin-nnes a t-ksin, wer ittru ca mala yeẓra ḥedd zi lwalidin-nnes iffeɣ, ataf netta qqaɛ wer dag-sen ixezzer.
- Aḥenjir amutis ataf wer iḍḍuri ca x ixef-nnes, niɣ ad iqleb ixef-nnes niɣ ad iɛren ixef-nnes ɣer zzat ad immuɣzer.


text:
Di yal teɣewsa yettwali ṣṣifa-s:
Ufiɣ- kem
Ɣef udem n wegrud
ɣef yimi n teslit
Di tmuɣli n win yesselqafen
Tettiliḍ-d:
D tadwat yessazalen amru
D awal is-s izerrɛaen asefru
D asirem ur nfennu
Di tegantin n ddiq, deg yirebbi-s yessukus-d lḥamu akken ad inamer ayen i d-bubben wussan. Di tmuɣli-s yettqellib ɣef yigenni n liser. Deg lexyal-is yessutur ifer n lehna ara yessilfen i lejwareḥ-is.
Ulac tudert mebɣir tameṭṭut, ulac talwit berra n idisans-is, ulac iḍelli ulac azekka nnig ṭṭif-is:
Ticki d iyi-yecewweq leḥzen
Lferḥ ass-nni yennuɣna
Ticki tecmet tuɣ amkan
Tahuskayt ur d-tegri ara
Ticki ussan ccgen i zzman
Yes-sen i tenxer lehna
D tamuɣli-m i yi-sseḥlan
Tleqqem deg-i asirem
Seg uɣbalu yellan d aɣbalu n tudert, yettaggem umdan timeqwa i zerreen tudert di lqaea. Tanezruft d urar kan zdat wer tillin n tallest. Deg yimeṭṭi-s yella sser n wayen yezrin d wayen ara d iteddun. Kra yellan di tmeṭṭut yettban eziz ɣer wid yemeebbaren akked ddunit akken ad suksen iferdisen n talwit. Yuɣal unadi yecba alejlej. Anda yedda uḍar ixerreq deg tebḥatin anda tekmen rriḥa n tmeṭṭut:
Sliɣ-am
Di teqsabt n umeksa
Deg unazeɛ n wanza
Deg usxenfet n imeṭṭi
Deg usuɣu amenzu n tlalit
Ufiɣ-kem:
Tettleḍ ɣef ueebud inezfen
D asaru
Tudert deg waḍu-s tewwi-d leḥzen, iɛebbel i lejqayeq n tillin. Tuccar n lhemm mi d-fɣent cellḥen aglim n talwit. Timajatin n wurfan mi d-ḍallent ur yemniɛ ḥedd deg unezgum. Anda-t uxxam deg ur telli tesga unuɣni ? Anda-t ubrid ur nečcur d isennanen ? Anda-t umḍiq ideg ur nettmagar lehna iqeccem leqlam iɣeblan ? Allen yettnadin igli n lisser zran-t ur yelli akkin neɣ akka. Sani ara tewhi tmuɣli ?
Ticki d iyi-yecewweq leḥzen
Lferḥ ass-nni yennuɣna
Ticki tecmet tuɣ amkan
Tahuskayt ur d-tegri ara
Ticki ussan ccgen i zzman
Yes-sen i tenxer lehna
D tamuɣli-m i yi-sseḥlan
Tleqqem deg-i asirem
Tettenququl tmedurt ddaw iḍarren n wid yattnadin lesrar yellan. Yuɣal inng yezzi ɣer wayen yellan d uffir. Ɣer wayen i d-yekkan nnig n wayen yellan. Ziɣ deg-s i yella lkuraj. Deg teɛwint n tmeṭṭut i tezga tugna n tebɣest. Deg-s d–yettaddam adif yettarran temẓi ɣer temẓi-s. Seg ixef-is i d-yettlal uzgen n yixfawen-nneɣ i d aɣ-iruḥen d safel deg lemwaji n tikli werǧin yecban tikli. Deg yimi zelgen lewqat, tuɣal d nettat i d afud yattawin ɣer tegrawla mgal ẓẓur akked lbaṭṭel. Deg wallen umedyaz tettban d tamurt, d asalu yettawin ɣer tlelli, d nnhati yettuɣalen d aḍu ara yesfezwin leɣmam deg yigenni n tudert:
Walaɣ-kem…
Ɣef yidim tesbek tugdi
D acmummeḥ ɣef udem n wakli
Tleqḥeḍ-d di tewser temẓi
Ẓriɣ kem….
D tajeǧǧigt ɣef yimi n lfuci
Ferẓeɣ‑ kem….
Deg wannuz n wemdan i rebbi
Kra yellan yekka-d seg tmeṭṭut, yettezi ɣer tmeṭṭut. D nettat i d tazwert d nettat i d taggara. D ixef yettcuddun ɣer yixef. Deg tebḥirt-is teǧǧuǧǧug tefsut. Deg yigran ideg tetteddu, imɣan yeskawen tugdi, yettecrawen tidi, zgan mɣin akken iberdan yellan d imeckundawen ad gen taggara i wuggur i-d yettawi lḥal akken ad iqazem lḥal. Di tikli n tmeṭṭut tettban tudert d amecwar yettawin iman n wa ɣer yiman n wihin:
Ay asirem n usirem
A tin ileqḥen tudert
A tin is-s necrew lhemm
A telqeq yenɣan taɣert
A cbaḥa iḍebeen udem
Yerran leggaɣet teefart
D tayri-inem i yi-d-yemlan
Abrid yettawin s amdan


text:
TAMURT TAQVAYLIT (SIWEL) — Agdud Aqvayli d win ibedden i levda, iteddu ɣef tlelli-ines d yiseɣ-ines. Iteddu ilmend n tegmat d tdukkli d tayri. Aɣref Aqvayli yettzuxxu s tnekkit-ines, d iẓuran-ines. D win yesseḥbiberen yal ass ɣef Teqvaylit-is.
Ad siwleɣ i uɣref Aqvayli, i yilmeẓyen-is, ad siwleɣ i warrac n tmurt iwakken ad akin akken ma llan, ad begsen i umennuɣ ɣef tlelli n Teqvaylit. Ad azneɣ i uɣlan Aqvayli, i wid yettawin Taqvaylit deg wul-nsen. Ad siwleɣ i ussirem ar tegmat, ad nkiɣ i yigensasen tmurt ar tiddin n umussu ilmend n tlelli Taqvaylit, tadukklant. D kunwi yennuɣen acḥal d iseggasen ɣef Lezzayer, tqublen uguren ilmend n tlelli n Yizzayriyen, maca ulac acu i d-wwim d nnfee i kunwi.
Agdud Aqvayli assirem-ik d win iǧehden, amezruy-ik d axlaf, ekker, vges ihi am yiwen umdan alma d tagara n umennuɣ. Tikkin-ik deg umennuɣ, ssarmeɣ-tt seg wul i yal yiwen d Aqvayli iḥemmlen tamurt-is. Iyyaw ar yiwen umennuɣ iwakken ad nili d ilelliyen.
Aɣref Aqvayli, nettnaɣ akken ma nella i tmunnent n tmurt Taqvaylit. Ad nessemlil deg yiwen yiger iwakken ad naweḍ yal yiwen anda yella, d wanda yettili. Assirem-nneɣ d win aɣ-yessiwḍen ad nergu, ad nedukkel, ad niǧhid am wuzzal i lebni n tmurt Taqvaylit, iwakken ad as-nzfk amḍiq tuklal deg umaḍal. Aṭas i nefka deg wukud-nneɣ d tezmert-nneɣ, d tadukkli-nneɣ ara ad yerren ayen nefka.
Yessefk ad nemdel fell-aɣ ayen iruḥen d akud, iwakken ad naru tura yakan amezruy d yimal. Axeddim-nneɣ yebna ɣef ussirem aseflan i tarwa d warraw-nneɣ. Tisutwin i d-iteddun d tin yettrajun deg-nneɣ aṭas. Ideddicen n yiḍelli ad qqimen d cfawat kan, d iwtayen n zik. Tiddin tamaynut d tin n tidet, kker-t ihi ad nali ɣef yiwen uɣerrabu n Teqvaylit, ara yawḍen ɣer tlelli.
Aɣref Aqvayli, tarennawt-nneɣ tettaẓeḍ, d tamsalt n lebɣi d ussirem. Agdud Aqvayli eǧǧ kan lebɣi-ik yeldi, tayri i tettawiḍ deg wul-ik i wakal-ik i tmurt-ik ad xedmen deg-k d aserdas n talwit, ara ad yawin akk allalen i useḥbiber n tmurt-ik. Ur nḥemmel tizzli n yidammen d takriḍt, nḥemmel tudert zeddigen, ilaq fell-aɣ ad nekker i yimal-nneɣ iɣ-yettrajun.
Yessawal-d umezruy iwakken ad nevnu tamurt-nneɣ, aɣlan-nneɣ, ad nḥudd ɣef ugdud-nneɣ mgal takriḍt.
Taqvaylit n uzekka ad tili d tanagit n yal yiwen. Tisutwin i d-iteddun ad sbeɣsent tizemmar-nwen. D kunwi i d-yefkan udem leali d yiseɣ. Yiwen ur isell n yinemgalen-nneɣ, i yettnadin ad smendgen times gar-nneɣ. Dukklet, myaḥammel-t gar-awen. D tadukkli kan ara yerren aedaw ar deffir, acku d win yettagaden aya. S tagi kan i nezmer ad nwexxer fell-ak inemgalen nesea. Nezmer i yal taɣawsa, tarennawt-nneɣ la tettraju, tazmert tella yid-nneɣ, neḥrec yakan. Nukni d tidet, nutni d tikerkas, nḥemmel tudert, nutni bɣan lmut d uɣuccu. Nḥemmel tayri, tḥemmel-aɣ, nevɣa tudert. Nukni d imal, yyaw ihi i tlelli d trennawt.
Ameɣnas Rabah Ilourmane
SIWEL 151830 JUI 21


text:
Tabuzeggaɣt
Tabuzeggaɣt d aṭṭan avirusan anamsad (qessiḥen) yerna yettenṭaṭ yettnaɣ arrac imeẓyanen. Yessesrag-asen-d (yettsebbib-asen-d) kra n temrayin yettilin d timihanin kra n tikwal, tabuzeggaɣt d aṭṭan yettilin s tuget yakk deg tallit n temẓi maca yezmer ad yaɣ ula d imeqqranen, Deg useggas n 1963 ass mi id tella tadermist meqqren yiwet n tegrawt n imusnawen n ivirusen s tisselwit n iminig n Marikan John Franklin Enders tessaweṭ ad tfares tigezt mgal tabuzeggaɣt. Sin akin deg tazwara n iseggasen n 90 tigezt-a tessenger neɣ tessedres aṭṭan-a deg kra n tmura
Aɣbalu n igim n tbuzeggaɣt d tesfert-is d amdan. Tettenṭaṭ s unɣad (aṭerrec) d tuṭṭsa n tɣawsiwin anda yella ubirus-a. Seld ma ad yejji umaṭun ad yeddem affal mgal tabuzeggaɣa i tanɣa (i lebda)
Isekna[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tettali tseddart n teẓɣelt n wegrud yudnen s tbuzeggaɣt i 3 wussan, anda ara ad tittaɣ tusut yekkawen d yidis d tezweɣ deg wallen-is, sin akin mi ara ad fakken 3 n wussan nni ad binent trigliwin (icamiḍen) mellulen s agensu (daxel) n yimi-s ttemcabint ar tiqqayin n tisent. Ma deg wass wis 4 d 5 ad s-tekker tezweɣ deg uglim id ibeddun s deffir n imeẓẓaɣ sin akin ad yenfufed ar wudem d tadra w ad ikemmel ar yakk tafekka
Isragen n waṭṭan d isemduyen-is[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Iskanen n waṭṭan d wid id yettbinen seld n mraw (10) n wussan seg unekcum n uvirus ar tfekka n umaṭun anda id igellu s tusut tagiwant d yidis amsulles (qessiḥen) d tezweɣ deg wallen yeččarayen d imeṭṭawen yerna tellent (seɛɛunt) urnan mgal tafat akken id tezmer tawla ad tali ar 41 n tseddarin


text:
VGAYET (SIWEL) — 19 mayu 1981, d tidyanin i d-ismektayen ɣef wayen yeḍran di tama n Vgayet, anda aṭas n yinelmaden n tesnawit i d-yeffɣen deg yiwet n tmesvanit meqqren i d-yewwten mgal wayen i txeddem ddula tadzayrit ama d isenfaren i yettwakksen i Vgayet, rrant-ten ɣer Ǧiǧel akked d tdamsa n tmurt n leqvayel s umata i yettuɣalen simmal ɣer deffir.
Deg tmesvanit-a, i yellan deg temdint n Vgayet, Aqvu d Sidi Eic, ad naf aṭas deg-sen di tazwara d inelmaden n tesnawit, syin rnan-d ɣur-sen iselmaden n ITE d ixeddamen n sandikat yemxalefen, suturen :
- Aeiwed n tmuɣli di tdamsa n tmurt n Leqvayel.
- Tuɣalin n yisenfaren yettwakksen i Vgayet.
- Aserreḥ i kra wid yettwaṭfen deg tedyanin n tefsut n yimaziɣen 1980.
Ddula tadzayrit, teffeɣ-d tewwet imesvaniyen i yelḥan deg uvrid s talwit anda teṭṭef nnig 30 imesvaniyen:
Abdelaziz Merabet (D anelmad)
Mouloud laichouchene (D anelmad)
Ali Gharbi (D aselmad)
Abdelkader Guidjou (D aselmad)
Ali Dai (D aselmad)
Salah Moussouni (D aselmad)
Tayeb Chebi (D aselmad)
Mohamed-Ourabah Nait Heddad (D aselmad)
Kamel Merdes (D axeddam)
Khelil Aizel (D axeddam)
Moussa Talbi (D axeddam)
Mouloud Belal (D axeddam)
Hamid Lakhdari (D axeddam)
Moussa Cheurfa (D axeddam)
Mohand Cherif Bellache (D anelmad)
Boukhalfa Bellache (D anelmad)
Mohand Larbi Boutrid (D anelmad)
Salah Taybi (D anelmad)
Azzedine Madaoui (D anelmad)
Zaher Chibane (D anelmad)
Djamel Menguelati (D anelmad)
Zaher Aouchiche (D anelmad)
Med Salah Messalti (D anelmad)
Mokrane Agoune (D anelmad)
Zoubir Tarki (D anelmad)
Med Said Belalouache (D anelmad)
Abdenacer Yanat (D anelmad)
Ali Benamsili (D anelmad)
Mustapha Brahiti (D anelmad)
Farid Zadi (D anelmad)
Med Akli Benalaoua (D anelmad)
(16) n yimdanen i yettwaṭfen deg Uqvu kra deg-sen, ḥekmen fell-asen 04 iseggasen d lḥevs :
Abdennour Benyahia
Abdennour Meldiloufi
Abdelmalek Halfaoui
Abderrahmane Nasroune
Youcef Chilha
Hider Chikhoune
Zoubir Berkani
Amar Idri
Amar Boukedami
Smail Ait Meddour
Belkacem Souagui
Zoubir Chekkar
Mebrouk Hamidouche
Abdesslam Tiar
Smail Maamri
Mokrane Baaziz
Wid yettwaṭfen yakan di tefsut n yimaziɣen 1980 llan deg temsnaniyen n Vgayet :
Tari Aziz
Zenati Djamel
Lamari Dris Gérard
SIWEL 191041 MAI 21


text:
« I wakken ad aɣ-d-iṣaḥ umḍiq yerna ad nurar tamlilt deg umgaru-a n telɣut, yessefk ɣef timura akk ad wehhint ɣer da akken ad sneflin iketturen n temḥaddit akked unṭag», i d-yesseɣret Mustapha Bouroubi, asdawan yerna d amazzay deg tyetti tadamsant, deg yiwen n wass n uzraw ɣef telɣut n umgaru, i yessuddes Ugezdu aɣelnaw n tezrawin tisetratijiyin timuta (INESG).
« Yessefk ad neswingem o yinṭagen n uzekka ad nxemmem i wamek ara nqabel. Inṭagen n uzekka, ad ilin sya ɣer 20 n yiseggasen. Imarikaniyen gan akk ayen i yessefken ad gen deg yiseggasen n 1980 akken ad arden ayen i la d-iḍerrun ass-a », i d-yenna umazzay.
Yettwali dakken « amgaru n telɣut n uzekka ur yezmir ara ad yettwamhel war ma nsers allalen isnatwilanen n telɣut », yettwali daɣen yessefk « ad tili tmussni tameqqrant n telɣut akked Internet akken ad nezmer ad nḥud iman-nneɣ sakin ad nezger ɣer unṭag ».


text:
Antonio José de Sucre
Antonio José de Sucre (3 fuṛaṛ 1795 - 4 yunyu 1830) d amenẓad asardas n Bolivia , yeslelli-d tamurt n Ecuador d Bolivia seg tuṭṭfa n Spanya, yeṭṭef amekan n uselway wis 2 n Bolivia (s tenmezrit i Simon Bolivar) , Yettumeggez d yiwen gar jiniralat inazmaren yakk deg tallit-is, Seld n trennawt-is deg wunnuɣ n Ayacucho deg useggas n 1824 yessers taggara tuṭṭfa Taspenyulit i Temrikt talatint deg wakud-nni, Ass-mi tewwi Bolivia timunent yuɣal Sucre d aselway-is wis 2 deg useggas 1826, yella d amenhar amellil s waṭas, ila (yesea) tizemmar d iketturen maca yettaxxer seg tisselwit deg useggas n 1828 war tanekra n umsenɣi yakk d ipiruviyen yezgan mgal n tmeddiwt-is d tddukka-ynes yakk d Simón Bolívar


text:
Tafriqt
Tga Tafriqt yan umnẓaw yumẓn 6% n tasna n wakal yamẓ 20% ɣ tasna n wakal yumann (tanna f ur ikki yill). Tajumma nns tlkm ar 30 415 873 km² nttat d tgzirin nns, aynna tt yujjan ad tg tis kraḍt ɣ umaḍal (iɣ nga Tamrikt d yan umnẓaw). S 1,225,080,510 n imzdaɣ[1], tga tfriqt tis snat ɣ wuṭṭun n imzdaɣ ḍaṛt Asya, tili gis 16,4% n imzdaɣ n umaḍal ɣ usggas n 2016. Amnẓaw ad igly t id Yill Agrakal ɣ iẓẓlmḍ, Abadu n Sawis d Yill Azggʷaɣ ɣ iẓẓlmḍ agmuḍan, Agaraw Ahindi ɣ iffus agmuḍan d Ugaraw Anaṭlas ɣ tagut.
Aẓur n wawalsnfl
Ggutnt turdiwin f usala n yism n Tfriqt. Illa mad ifkan ism Afri i yimzdaɣ n iẓẓlmḍ n tfriqt ɣ tagut n wasif n Nnil, d ɣ unamk nns amatu ittufka i yikaliwn akkʷ illan ɣ iffus n Yill Agrakal (libya tazaykut)[2][3]. Ikka yism afri izdi d tguri tafiniqt Afar nna issumkn "agḍrur"[4] mac ɣ usggas 1981 umanent d kra n turdiwin[5] nna ittinin mas d ism Afri ikka d taguri tamaziɣt Ifri (amagut nns : ifran) s wassaɣ nns d imzdaɣ n yifran.[6] Taguri ad nit ar tt nttafa ɣ yism n yat twsit Banu Yafran ɣ Dzayr d Libya, yat twsit zzɣ yfran (tettwassn ula s ifran) ɣ iẓẓlmḍ utrim n Libya.[7]
Ddu unbaḍ n irumiyn, tga Qarṭaj tamaẓunt n tsga n tfriqt tarumiyt nna yumẓn ula ifttasn n Libya tatrart, ḍaṛt tirẓi n iqarṭajn ɣ umgaru abunik wiss kraḍ ɣ 146 dat n tlalit.[8] Amma -ka (-ca) nɣ -ika (-ica), iga aḍfir awlatin (Latin suffix) s unamk n wakal nɣ tamazirt.
Turdiwin yaḍn f usala n yism n tfriqt
- Ɣ tasut tamzwarut, isslkn umsnmzruy uday flafyus Juzifus (Ant. 1.15) mas d idda yism zzɣ ifir (Epher), yan zzv wayawn n ibrahim, nna mu zugn wayawn nns s tfriqt.
- Ɣ tasut tiss sat, isumr izidur n icbilya ɣ udlis nns iẓuran (Etymologiae XIV.5.2) mas d idda yism n tfriqt zzɣ tguri tawlatint (abrika / Aprica), anamk nns iffuk (tlla gis tafukt).
- Inna Micil Fruyt 1976[9] mas d ism awlatin iqqn s tguri Africus (afrikus) "Aḍu n iffus", nna igan ɣ usala tambryant (Umbrian), ig unamk nns amzwaru Aḍu bu unẓar (rainy wind).
Tarakaltsnfl
Tga tfriqt talli akkʷ mqqurn gr kraḍ ibudidn inẓulann mqqurnin ɣ taɣart n wakal. Ibḍa tt Yill Agrakal f Uruppa, tzdy d Asya ɣ iẓẓlmḍ agmuḍan s Ubadu n Suwis nna mi tlla ɣ tirut nns 163 kilumitr.[10] (ɣ trakalt, ar tettusmil tmgzirt sina tawmiṣrt nna illan ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n Suwis d agzzum zzɣ tfriqt)[11] ttyn i tfriqt iftasn s tɣzi n 26.000 kilumitr.
Zzɣ ttmi n iwtta n tfriqt ɣ iẓẓlmḍ, Ras Bn Saqqa ɣ Tuns (37°21' agafa) ar ttmi n iwtta ɣ iffus, Kib Agulhas ɣ tfriqt n unẓul (34°51'15 anẓul), illa uzaru n 8,000 kilumitr (5,000 mil);[12] d zzɣ ttmi n iwtta ɣ utaram, Ixf Azgzaw (34°51'15" ataram) ar ttmi n iwtta ɣ ugmuḍ, Ras Hafun ɣ Ṣumal (51°27'52" agmuḍ), illa uzaru n 7,400 kilumitr (4,600 mil).[13]
Tga Dzayr tamazirt akkʷ mqqurn ɣ tfriqt, tlkm tjumma nns 2,381,741 kilumitr amkkuẓ, tḍfr tt inn Sudan s 1,865,813 kilumitr amkkuẓ, ama tamazirt akkʷ mẓẓiyn tga tt Sicl nna igan yan warkabil ɣ uftas agmuḍan n tfriqt.[14] Tga Gambya tamazirt akkʷ mẓẓiyn ɣ ugns n wakal adslan n tfriqt.
Tadmsasnfl
Mqqar ggutn isugam igamann ɣ tfriqt, tsul tga tad bahra iẓlḍn d tmggarut ɣ tnflit tawfgan gr imnẓawn n umaḍal.[15] Zzɣ isragn n ɣayad llant tmuḍan inqqan d ifirusn (lumr ifirusn n Malarya d Sida), tinbaḍin igufsan nna iskarn ibkkiḍn imizitn mgal izrfan n ufgan, alay n iswirn n tqbbanit, imnɣan gr twsitin. Tuwy d tanaḍt n tnflit tawfgant nna d tssufɣ tmaddast n tmttiwin imunn ɣ usggas 2003 mas d simraw d smmust n tmizar llanin gr tskʷfal 151 d 175 gant akkʷ tiwrikin.[16]
Tutlayinsnfl
Mnnaw isutag ssknen mas llant uggar n yifḍ n tutlayin ttusawalnin ɣ tfriqt (Yunisku tssutg attay n sin ifḍn).[17] Tugtt nnsnt gant tiwfrikin s usala, illint tinna mu iga usala nnsnt zzɣ Uruppa nɣ Asya. Tga tfriqt amnẓaw agtnutlay mqqurn ɣ umaḍal, d ayt tfriqt ur da sawaln ɣar mnnawt tutlayin tiwfrikin, mac ar sawaln ula yat nɣ mnnawt tutlayin zzɣ uruppa. Llant kkuẓt tawjiwin n tutlayanin mqqurnin ɣ tfriqt :
- Tawja tutlayant (Afroasiatic) llant gis wattay n 240 n tutlayin d 285 mlyun n imssiwln ɣ Yisk awfrik, agafa n tfriqt, Saḥil, d iffus utrim n Asya.
- Tawja tutlayant (Nilo-Saharan) tumy uggar n tmiḍi n tutlayin, da tnt sawaln 30 mlyun n umdan ɣ Tcad, Itubya, Kinya, Nijirya, Sudan, Sudan n Unẓul, Uganda, d ugafa n Ṭanẓanya.
- Tawja tutlayant (Niger-Congo) tsmun tugtt n tutlayin ɣ tfriqt ddu tnzruft (Sub-Saharan Africa). Ɣ ma ad iẓlin s wuṭṭun n tutlayin, tga tawja ad talli akkʷ imqqurn ɣ tfriqt, nɣ d akkʷ ɣ umaḍal.
- Tawja tutlayant (Khoisan) gis attay n smmumrawt n tutlayin, da tnt sawal 400.000 n umdan ɣ iffus n tfriqt.[18] Tugtt n tutlayin ɣ tawja ad llant ɣ Imizi n wfuḍ.
Ḍaṛt tigira n usdurri, ssnṣbnt akkʷ tmizar n tfriqt tutlayin tibṛṛaniyin zun d tutlayin timaddudin, mqqar ɣikann llant mnnaw tmizar ssmɣrnt tutlayin tiwfrikin (zun d: Swahili, Yoruba, Igbo and Hausa). Ɣ kigan n tmizar, tanglizt d tfṛansist ar ttusmrasnt i umsawaḍ ɣ yiga unbiz zun d tanbaḍt, tasɣnzit, asslmd d tɣmsa.
Asgdsnfl
Flsn ayt tfriqt s mnnaw isgdan,[19] macc imra ad ittuskr yan usiṭṭn i yinflas n kraygat asgd, acku ur da ttirint tnbaḍin n tmizar ɣ mmrksn isgdan.[20] Illa ɣ tgrumsna adlis n umaḍal mas d asgd anslm ad bahra yuḍrern ɣ tfriqt, iḍfr t usgd amasiḥ. Yili ɣ tgrumsna tabriṭanit mas d 45% n imzdaɣ n tfriqt gan imuslmn, 40% gin imasiḥin d ddu 15% gan id war asgd nɣ d imḍfar n isgdan iwfrikn. Yili yan wuṭṭun idrusn n ayt tfriqt gan ihindusn, ibahayn, d wudayn.
Timizar n Tafriqtsnfl
Timizar n Tafriqt n ugafasnfl
Timizar n Tafriqt tangmuḍtsnfl
Timizar n Tafrikt n wammassnfl
Timizar n Tafriqt n iffussnfl
Timizar n Tafriqt n tagutsnfl
Ẓr ulasnfl
Iɣbulasnfl
- ↑ https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/
- ↑ Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918). "Afri". In Georges, Heinrich. Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch (8th ed.). Hannover. Retrieved 20 September 2015
- ↑ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles 1879. Afer A Latin Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
- ↑ Venter & Neuland, NEPAD and the African Renaissance (2005), p. 16
- ↑ Names of countries, Decret and Fantar, 1981.
- ↑ Geo. Babington Michell, "The Berbers", Journal of the Royal African Society, Vol. 2, No. 6 (January 1903), pp. 161–94.
- ↑ Edward Lipinski, Itineraria Phoenicia, Peeters Publishers, 2004, p. 200. ISBN 90-429-1344-4
- ↑ "Consultsos.com etymology"
- ↑ in Revue de Philologie 50, 1976: pp. 221–38.
- ↑ Draydil, Alisday & Blik Jirald. (1985) tafrikt n ugafa d ugmuḍ anammas, tamsiggzt n tsdawit uksfurd g iwunak imunn isbn ISBN 0-19-503538-0.
- ↑ Atlas - Xpeditions @ nationalgeographic.com National Geographic Society. 2003
- ↑ Win Ifanz. (1924) tafrikt, klarindun i tɣmsa
- ↑ Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Third Edition ISBN 0-87779-546-0.
- ↑ Huwr Bin. (2002) tagrumsna kingficr sg ya ar yaz tigmmi n uẓrag kingficr. tasna 11 ISBN 0-7534-5569-2.
- ↑ Ritcard Sandbruk, tisrtitin n tḍuri n tdmsa tawftikt, tamsiggzt n tsdawit kambridj. 1985 amalas
- ↑ hdr.undp.org Timttiwin Imunn, [timḥḍit] 16-03-2018
- ↑ " Tafriqt " Yunisku, 2005.
- ↑ "Khoisan Languages". The Language Gulper. 27 innayr 2017.
- ↑ "Asgd g tfriqt". 09-05-2008
- ↑ "Rising Muslim Power in Africa Causing Unrest in Nigeria and Elsewhere". Normitsu Onishi. The New York Times Company. 09-03-2009


text:
LEQDICAT
n useggas 2015
TIRZA N WARRAC N UXXAM N TMUSNI ƔER TUNES
Kinder der Kabylei, arrac n Tmurt n Yiqbayliyen s Teqbaylit, d tafat n usirem i uzekka yelhan i warrac s ubrid n tmagit akked yidles-nsen. Asurif-agi Almani-Aqbayli mačči kan d yelha i yimdanen, maca d tiwwura n tidet ara yeldin zdat warrac imecṭaḥ. Dduṛt yezrin, 11 seg warrac n taddart Ilunisen (At Yeḥya Musa) i wumi d-tṣaḥ tirza ɣer tmurt n Tunes ddaw leenaya n 2 iselmaden, 3 yimselḥayen akked dda Ḥmed.Axxam n tmusni yefka tagnit-agi i warrac akken ad ilin d yiwen ugraw dɣa akken ad ḍeyyṛen tiṭ ɣef umaḍal. Deg wahil, aṭas n umerreḥ i d-heyyan yieeggalen n yinig, bdu-tt-id si temdint mucaeen di tmerrit (Ḥammamat, Tunes tamaneɣt, Qerṭaj...), aseneet n yisura, timseeṛaq, taɣuṛi...atg.Ayagi yakk d tukksa n lxiq i warrac. Si gar wuraren ḥemmlen warrac, rrekba n lbabuṛ iflis i cebbḥent dɣa tqendyaṛ n Leqbayel i lsant teḥdayin, d ayen i d-ijebbden lwelha ladɣa s wanay Aqbayli akked tezlatin n Lwennas Maetub i yettaken tilelli i lexwaṭer ddaw tafukt n Tunes. Imi lexsaṣ adelsan d win meqqṛen di tmurt, ieeggalen wwin arrac ɣer yisalayen yemgaraden ladɣa wid yerzan amezruy n Numidya.Sya ɣer da, llant-d temsirin n leum i kra seg warrac ur nessin ara leum. Deg ubrid n tuɣalin, fuṛsen-d warrac tagnit akken ad rzun ɣef uẓekka n Masensen di temdint n Lexrub di Sirta (Qṣenṭina) dɣa d tagnit diɣen akken ad walin tatut tamesbaṭlit n udabu azzayri mgal amezruy n urgaz am Masensen.« Yettɣaḍ lḥal aṭas seg wayen nettwali akka amezruy-nneɣ yeqqimen di tatut i udram, ayagi d ahuddu n uɣṛef » yenna-d dda Ḥmed s usḥissef.
Si tama-nniḍen, ilaq ad d-nesmekti s leqdic amqeṛḥan n yieeggalen n Uxxam n tmusni, leqdic-agi d lɣella n tikti n dda Ḥmed i nessaram ad
teṭṭuqet di tɣemmaṛ n Tmurt n Yiqbayliyen.
Taswiet i ɣ-d-iṣaḥḥen akked dda Ḥmed di yiwet n lqahwa deg Wat Wizga, taswiet-a tesban-d azalen yekseb urgaz-agi yeččuṛen d talsa akked wazalen n tmagit.D alsawi, d bab n lxiṛ, d aggag...mačči d
kra akken ad d-nekfu deg yiwen wawal tikli n urgaz-agi ameqqṛan deg ubrid n tidet. Tamurt n Yiqbayliyen tettzuxxu s yirgazen akked tlawin i d-tefka i yettnaɣen s tezdeg d leḥdaqa ɣef tlelli n
tmurt-nsen si gar ifassen n udabu amesbaṭli n Lezzayer.
LEQDICAT N BEṚṚA
Zdat uxxam n tmusni, yettezzi lmal, tista, ulli, iqjan, iɣyal, imcac, ttilin ɣef teɣzi n wass tikwal alma d yiḍ; d ayen yessefken ad izeṛṛeb uxxam n tmusni, d ayen i-dyettbanen di tewlaft n ufrag i nexdem si leeḍil ad sen-gen leqṛaṛ yimawlan n lmal.
ASMEKTI N TEFSUT IMAZIƔEN/TABERKANT DEG UXXAM N TMUSNI
Yesmekta-d aseggas-a Uxxam n tmusni s 20 Yebrir imi yesfuggel win n 80 akked win n 2001. I tikkelt tamezwarut ara yili usfuggel n Tefsut di taddart, s wafud n warrac. Ɣef leḥyuḍ n beṛṛa ad naf aṭas n tira i lmend n usenfali ɣef tedyant-agi, ladɣa : " Ṭṭef di tjaddit, mmeslay Taqbaylit; limer telha Taeṛabt, ur ɣ-d-tṣaḥ ara "; llan diɣen yiceṭṭiḍen yuran : " Neemmed ad negrent tudrin wala ad yenger laṣel ".
Deg wahil ad naf :
-Tikli seg yixef n taddart ɣer Uxxam n tmusni.
-Asnubeg akked usarag ɣef Tefsut Imaziɣen/Taberkant iḍfeṛ-iten uskasi d yisteqsiyen.
-Ccna d tɣuṛi n yisefra n Teqbaylit sɣuṛ arrac akked tlawin.
-Aberreḥ n tezlatin n Lwennas Maetub si tmezwarut ar tneggarut.
ANSUF S USELKIM ƔER UXXAM N TMUSNI
Targit n yiɣimi ɣef ukersi zdat uselkim, teffeɣ s lmendad n wat lxiṛ, Sin Yiqbayliyen yettidiren di Fṛansa, Yiwen di Lalman, Yiwen di Sswis akked Sin-nniḍen. Ayen yettwajemeen ɣef teɣzi n Sin iseggasen, yemmseɣ-d d iselkimen ufus acku sehlen i uxeddim ladɣa i useeddi ɣef ssrabes n Lezzayer.
Deg wass-nni ara ttwifeṛqen iselkimen-nni, yessaweḍ dda Ḥmed ad d-yesnulfu yiwet temsirt ɣef Windows7 akked wahil amecṭuḥ ara yessisehlen aseqdec-ines s yimedyaten. Amaynut-agi ikemmel-as lfeṛḥ ieummen Axxam n tmusni ladɣa tcebbeḥ-iten leḥṛaṛa n warrac ɣer tmusni imi uɣalen dindin sselḥayen iselkimen nebla asteqsi xas ma tuget deg-sen urǧin ẓṛan aselkim zdat-sen.
Arrac n Uxxam n tmusni ttnadin ɣef wi ara d-yefken tallelt war tadrimt akken ad sen-yili i lmendad deg
unebdu.
ASUFFEƔ N UBDUZ
Yekfa uxeddim n usuffeɣ n ubduz deg Uxxam n tmusni, d asurif ilaqen i tezdeg acku ixuṣ Uxxam n tmusni deg wallalen n tezdeg.


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Amidi (imidiwen), [MH] ami (fr) - friend (en) - amigo (es) - صديق
Agdawal: ameddakel, amedduccel.
Ẓer daɣ: adda, adday, ammidwan, asdawan, asseddu, ddaw, ddu, sseddu, swadda, tammidwa, taneddut, tasdawit, tawadda, tiddit, ttwasseddu.
Imedyaten:
Amidi-inu ur yelli deg wexxam iḍelli - My friend was not at home yesterday (en) - لم يكن صديقي في المنزل البارحة
Amidi-inu yettmahal deg yiwen n umedlu - My friend works at a supermarket (en) - يعمل صديقي في سوق ممنتازة
"Ilemẓi-a anwa-?" "D amidi-inu." - "Who is this young man?" "A friend of mine." (en) - "من ذاك الشّاب؟" "إنّه صديق لي".
D ta ay d tabṛat ay uriɣ i umidi-inu - C'est la lettre pour mon ami (fr) - This is the letter for my friend (en) - Esta es la carta para mi amigo (es) - هذه هي الرّسالة التي كتبتها لصديقي
Liɣ yiwen n umidi ay as-yettakfen i weydi-nnes ad yečč tabɣa - J'ai un ami qui donne des fraises à son chien (fr) - I have a friend who feeds his dog strawberries (en) - عندي صديق يقدّم الفرولة كغذاء لكلبه
Liɣ yiwen n umidi d amarikani, isem-nnes Tony - I have an American friend named Tony (en) - لديّ صديق أمريكي إسمه توني
Mennad d amidi-nnek, naɣ? - Mennad is a friend of yours, right? (en) - Mennad es amigo tuyo, ¿verdad? (es) - منّاد صديقك، أليس كذلك؟
Mlaleɣ-d ed umidi-inu deg umezgun iḍ yezrin - I ran into my friend at the theater last night (en) - التقيت بصديقي في المسرح اللّلة الماضية
Mlaleɣ, iḍelli, s tin n zzheṛ, ed yiwen n umidi d aqbur deg usakal - I unexpectedly met an old friend of mine on the bus yesterday (en) - التقيت البارحة صدفة بصديق قديم لي
Netta d amidi-nnes - He is his friend (en) - هو صديقه
S zzheṛ d ameqran, mlaleɣ-d ed umidi-inu deg unafag - Tout à fait par chance, j'ai rencontré mon ami à l'aéroport (fr) - Quite by chance, I met my old friend in the airport (en) - بمحض الصّدفة، التقيت بصديقي في المطار
Teɣsed ad tuɣaled d amidi-inu amaynu? - Would you like to be my new friend? (en) - أتودّ أن تكون صديقي الجديد؟
Teẓrid yagi dakken d kečč ay d amidi-inu amaway - You already know you're my best friend (en) - Ya sabes que eres mi mejor amigo (es) - أنت تعلم أنّك صديقي المفضّل
Walaɣ asaru ed umidi-inu deg texxamt-inu - J'ai regardé un film avec mon ami, dans ma chambre (fr) - I watched a movie with my friend in my room (en) - Vi una película en mi cuarto con un amigo (es) - شاهدت فيلما مع صديقي في غرفتي
Zemreɣ ad uɣaleɣ d amidi-nnek? - Can I be your friend? (en) - هل بإمكاني أن أصبح صديقك؟
Aql-iken deg - Vous êtes dans - You are in - Ustedes están en - أنتم في
Asegzawal n Tmaziɣt - Dictionnaire Amazigh - Français - Amazigh - English Dictionary - Diccionario Amazigh - Español - قاموس أمازيغي - عربي
(c) Omar Mouffok - Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen.


text:
El libro del vientoPosted: September 27, 2016 Filed under: BOOKS/1+1=11 Editorial, INFO/ARCHIVE Leave a comment
El libro del viento, Roberto Equisoain, Escrito a lápiz, Septiembre de 2016, Berlín
Viento, El viento, El libro del viento, El libro del sonido del viento, El libro de los sonidos de los vientos. Se trata de un proyecto editorial que insiste en atrapar en una caja de cartón algo tan escurridizo, incorpóreo y sutil como el aire que se desplaza y roza las cosas. Hay muchas posibilidades de materializar el viento; esta cajita contiene algunas de ellas: un libro-instrumento que reproduce su sonido, un juego de transcripción fonética y quizá una partitura.
…f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f fff f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f fffffffffff f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f fffffffffffffff f f f f f f f f f f fffffffffffffffffffffffffff s s s s sssssssssssssss s s s s s s s s ssssssssss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s sss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s sssssss s s s s s s s sssssss s s s s s s s s ssssssssss s s s s s s sssssssssss s s s sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss s s s s s sssssssssss s s s s s sssssssssss s s s s s s sssssss s s s s s s sssssss s s s s s s s sss s s s s s s sss s s f f f f f f f s s ssssssssfsfsfsf c c c c c c f s s s s s s s f f s s f f f f f f f s s s s s s f f s s f f f fff f f f f f f f f fff f f f f f ff f f ffffcfcfcfff f f f f ffffcfcfccff f f f f f fffffffffffffff f f f fffffffffffffff f f f f f…


text:
Tirlandit
Tirlandit neɣ tagaelit (Gaeilge [ˈɡeːlʲɟə] Gaylxa s Tirlandit), d nettat ay d tutlayt taneṣlit n qrib merra imezdaɣen n tegzirt n Irland, xas ma yella ala kan 26 % n Yirlandiyen ara tt-yettmeslayen mliḥ ass-a. Anabaḍ n Irland yerr-tt d nettat ay d tutlayt tunṣibt (officielle), maca xas yebɣa tirlandit ad tuɣal d nettat ay d tutlayt tawḥidt i yes ara tleḥḥu tmurt sya ar sdat, mazal taglizit tesɛa azal meqqren aṭas, ama ɣur wegdud Irlandi ay tt-yettmeslayen kull ass, ama ɣur n udabu n tmurt-agi.
Tamurt-isẒreg
Irland d yiwet si tegzirin timeqqranin akk deg umaḍal, imi ay tesɛa 84.000 km2 (n yikilumitren imkuẓen). D acu kan, xas agdud aneṣli n tegzirt-a yiwen-ines, Irland tebḍa ass-a ɣef sin yeḥricen : Irland n Ugafa, ay teḥkem Briṭanya Tameqqrant akk d Tegduda n Irland, ay yewwin azarug-nnes di 1921, u tesɛa ass-a 70.000 km2 yernu zedɣen-tt 3.700.000 n yimezdaɣen. Maca seg wasmi ay d-tlul tegduda tirlandit (yewwin aḥric meqqren si tegzirt), ara ssuturen Yirlandiyen n ugafa ad teffeɣ Briṭanya Tameqqrant seg wakal-nsen u ad ttwaqqnen ula d nitni ɣer Irland tilellit.
Tawacult-isẒreg
Tirlandit d yiwet si tutlayin tiqburin akk di Turuft (Europe) u tekcem di terbaɛt n tutlayin tiseltin (celtiques) ay yellan d aḥric si twacult n tutlayin tihendurufiyin (indo-européennes). Dɣa xas ma yella tirlandit d tutlayt tahendurufit am teglizit neɣ tafrensist, ur tent-čuba ara aṭas, wanag čuba tutlayin ugar tutlayin tiseltin ay tt-iqerben, am Tikusit (écossais), Tamankst (ay ttmeslayen di tegzirt n Man), Tagalit (gallois/welsh) akk d tebriṭunit (breton) ay ttmeslayen di tama n Bretagne, di Fransa.
Timiwa n GaeltachtẒreg
D timiwa i deg d-mazal medden ttmeslayen mliḥ tirlandit yernu d tin ay d tutlayt-nsen tamezwarut di tudert-nsen n kullas. Tuget deg yemḍiqen n Gaeltacht uzgan-d deg Wetram (lɣerb) n Irland akk d kra n tegzirin tutrimin. Aḥric meqqren seg yikuntiyen (comtés) n Donegal, Mayo, Galway, Kerry akk d Cork kecmen di tmiwa n Gaeltacht yernu azal n 80.000 n yemdanen ara yilin zedɣen di tmiwa-ya. Tuget deg yimezdaɣen-agi ttidiren s tfellaḥt neɣ s tkessawt, yernu aṭas n wansayen (traditions) irlandiyen iqburen ay d-mazal ddren ɣur-sen am uẓawan amensay (musique traditionnelle) akk d tutlayt tirlandit taqburt.
Timiwa n Gaeltacht sɛan ddur' meqqren aṭas deg wesnerni n tutlayt tirlandit di Irland. Akken ad yesnerni udabu timiwa-yagi u ad tent-yerr leɛɛbent ddur' di tdamsa n tmurt, yesbedd-d tanegga n Udaras na Gaeltachta. Tanegga-yagi tettekkay deg wesnerni n tme! r rayt (tourisme) tadelsant di tmiwa n Gaeltacht, dɣa aṭas n medden ay d-irezzun ɣef tmiwa-ya akken ad issinen tutlayt d wansayen ineṣliyen irlandiyen, am wakken diɣ ara ẓren ccbaḥa n tmurt-agi, d ayen d-issekcamen idrimen imeqqranen i tmiwa-ya. Am wakken diɣ ay tessebɣas (encourager) tnegga n Udaras na Gaeltachta tikebbaniyin akken ad sseqdacent tirlandit di leqdic. Llant aṭas n tkebbaniyin ara yesseftayen (investir) idrimen-nsent di tmiwa n Gaeltacht, u anect-a d ayen inefɛen s waṭas tadamsa tirlandit.
Si tama nniḍen, imezdaɣen n tmiwa n Gaeltacht ssawaḍen taɣect-nsen ɣer wakk timiwa nniḍen n Irland, imi ay sɛan yiwet n rr'adyu mechur'en, "Raidio na Gaeltachta" yettmeslayen s tirlandit, yernu ttaken-as-d tameẓẓuɣt waṭas n medden, am wakken diɣ ara tleɛɛeb tilibizyu n tutlayt tirlandit , TG4, ddur' meqqren deg uselḥu n tutlayt-agi di tmurt merr'a.
Assider n tutlayt tirlandit maci ala kan d idles irlandi ay yenfeɛ, wanag yewwi-d lfayda meqqren i tdamsa (économie) n tegduda tirlandit. D anect-n umi ifaq udabu n tmurt-agi, u s waya ay nezmer ad d-nini d akken tirlandit yettr'aǧu-tt lxir meqqren ɣer sdat, imi ay tettekkay di lebni n tmurt-is.
TamselyutẒreg
- Deg mondeberbere.com Sɣur Hamid OUBAGHA.
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tirlandit". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.


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Draɛ Ben Xedda
Draɛ Ben Xedda (Mirabeau deg tallit tahrest taṛumit), d taɣiwant tazzayrit n twilayt n Tizi Uzzu, deg Tmurt n Leqbayel tella ar 11 km deg umalu n Tizi Uzzu dɣa ar aqrib 90 km deg ugmuḍ n Zzayer.
Tarakalt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Azerzay d tamanarut[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ansakal n taɣiwant yetwezzi deg ugafa s Asif n Sabaw dɣa yetwezger sɣur [Asif bwagdur]] deg tama-s tamalut.
Asideg[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Taɣiwant n Draɛ Ben Xedda tella deg umalu n twilayt n Tizi Uzzu.
Tudrin n tɣiwant[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Taɣiwant n Draɛ Ben Xedda tesɛa 13 tudrin[1] :
- Ɛin Fasi
- Buyadif
- Laɛrasi
- Draɛ Ben Xedda
- Ferɛun
- Leɛzib Taǧwimat
- Iferḥaten
- Iɣil Azeggwaɣ
- Ixerbucen
- Muldiwan
- Iɣzer Ufali (Asif Fali)
- Leɛzib Fali
- Twares
Amezruy[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Mirabeau d alemmas n tasehrest, lbenyan ines yettweɣtes ass n 24 fuṛaṛ 1884 sɣur anabaḍ amatu n Lezzayer. Amarud n 31 014 700 francs yettwefk i usenfar agi.
Timselɣa[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ Aɣmis unṣib n Tagduda Tazzayrit, 19 dujamber 1984. Tanaḍt n° 84-365, yettsbeḍen tasuddest ines. Tawilayt n Tizi Uzzu, p. 1504 à 1510.


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Intro
Sommaire
1 Nekk Bulus, amceggeɛ n Ɛisa Lmasiḥ s lebɣi n Sidi Ṛebbi akk-d gma-tneɣ Timuti,
2 i watmaten yellan di temdint n Kulus, wid iteddun s ṣṣfa deg webrid n Lmasiḥ. Ṛṛeḥma ț-țalwit a wen-d-țțunefkent s ɣuṛ Ṛebbi Baba-tneɣ !
3 Nețḥemmid Sidi Ṛebbi Baba-s n Ssid-nneɣ Ɛisa Lmasiḥ yerna ndeɛɛu fell-awen ;
4 axaṭer nesla s liman i tesɛam di Ɛisa Lmasiḥ d wamek i tḥemmlem agdud n Sidi Ṛebbi,
5 ɣef ddemma n usirem i wen-ițțuheggan deg igenwan, asirem nni i wen-d-ițțuxebbṛen s wawal n tideț n lexbaṛ n lxiṛ.
6 Lexbeṛ-agi n lxiṛ yewḍen armi d ɣuṛ-wen, yețnerni di ddunit meṛṛa ; akken daɣen i gețnerni deg-wen ula d kunwi seg wasmi i teslam yerna tessnem tideț ɣef ṛṛeḥma n Sidi Ṛebbi,
7 akken i wen-ț-isselmed Ibafras, aṛfiq-nneɣ eɛzizen di leqdic ; nețța iqeddcen ɣef Lmasiḥ s wul yeṣfan,
8 ixebbeṛ-aɣ-ed ɣef leḥmala s wayes i kkun-yeččuṛ Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen.
9 Daymi nezga ndeɛɛu fell-awen ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi seg wasmi nesla yis-wen, nessutur-as a wen-d-yefk amek ara tissinem akken ilaq lebɣi ines, s lɛeqliya d lefhama i d-ițțak Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen.
10 S wakka, aț-țleḥḥum s tikli yebɣa Sidi Ṛebbi iwakken a s tɛeǧbem di kullec, a d-tefkem lfakya yelhan, yerna aț-țnernim di tmusni n Sidi Ṛebbi,
11 Ndeɛɛu ɣer Ṛebbi akken a kkun-isseǧhed s tezmert-is tameqqrant iwakken aț-tṣebṛem i kullec alamma ț-țaggara.
12 Ḥemmdet, cekkṛet s lfeṛḥ Sidi Ṛebbi Baba-tneɣ i wen-d-yefkan amur di lweṛt i d-ihegga i warraw n tafat.
13 Ikkes-aɣ-d si tezmert n ṭṭlam, iwakken a ɣ-yessiweḍ ɣer tgelda n Mmi-s eɛzizen,
14 s wayes nețwasellek yerna nesɛa leɛfu n ddnubat-nneɣ.
15 Lmasiḥ, d ṣṣifa n Sidi Ṛebbi ur nezmir a nwali, d nețța i d amezwaru n txelqit meṛṛa.
16 Yis i gețwaxleq wayen nețwali d wayen ur nețwali ara ama deg igenwan ama di lqaɛa, tigeldiwin d igelliden, lḥekmat akk-d tezmar yellan deg igenwan ; kullec yețwaxleq yis, kullec yețwaxleq i nețța.
17 Yella-d uqbel a d-yețwaxleq kra yellan, d nețța i d lsas n txelqit,
18 d aqeṛṛuy n tejmaɛt n imasiḥiyen yellan d lǧețța-s. Yella si tazwara, d nețța i d amenzu i d-iḥyan si ger lmegtin iwakken ad yili d amezwaru di kullec.
19 Axaṭer Sidi Ṛebbi yufa lfeṛḥ-is s lekmal di Mmi-s,
20 s Lmasiḥ i gemṣalaḥ akk-d txelqit, yessers-ed lehna ama di lqaɛa ama deg igenwan s idammen n Mmi-s yuzzlen ɣef wumidag.
21 Kunwi yellan zik-nni d ibeṛṛaniyen, d iɛdawen n Sidi Ṛebbi s ixemmimen-nwen d yir lecɣal nwen
22 Tura issemṣaleḥ-ikkun yid-es s lmut n Mmi-s iwakken a d-tbanem zdat-es teṣfam, mbla lɛib.
23 Ma yella teṭṭfem di liman-nwen s tideț, ma yella tbeddem, tṛeṣṣam. Ɣuṛ-wat aț-țțwexxṛem ɣef wusirem i wen-d-yewwi lexbaṛ n lxiṛ iwumi teslam, lexbaṛ-agi n lxiṛ i gețțubeccṛen i yemdanen n ddunit meṛṛa, i ɣef uɣaleɣ nekk d aqeddac.
24 Tura feṛḥeɣ aṭas imi nɛețțabeɣ fell-awen, axaṭer țkemmileɣ ayen ixuṣṣen i leɛtab n Lmasiḥ ɣef ddemma n imasiḥiyen meṛṛa, yellan d lǧețța-s, i ɣef uɣaleɣ d aqeddac.
25 Iceggeɛ-iyi-d Sidi Ṛebbi iwakken a wen-d-beccṛeɣ awal-is s lekmal.
26 Lbaḍna yeffren si zik, si lǧil ɣer lǧil, ibeggen-iț-id tura i wid yellan d ayla-s.
27 Yebɣa a d-yesken ccan n lbaḍna agi ifazen i leǧnas nniḍen ur nelli ara n wat Isṛail, iwakken ad walin Lmasiḥ deg-wen, nețța yellan d lsas n lɛaḍima i ɣer nessaram.
28 D Lmasiḥ agi i nețbecciṛ i yemdanen, nețweṣṣi-ten, nesselmad iten s tmusni d leɛqel, iwakken yal amdan ad innekmal di Lmasiḥ zdat Sidi Ṛebbi.
29 Ɣef wayagi i qeddceɣ s tezmert n Lmasiḥ yellan deg-i.


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Agennay (igennayen), [LM] couturier (fr) - tailer (en) - costurero (es) - خياط
Addad amaruz: ugennay (yigennayen).
Ẓer daɣ: agnay, akanif, asnay, asseknef, gni, knef, mseknaf, myegni, ni, sni, sseknef, taseknaft, tissegnit, tistent, ttwagni, ttwasseknef.
Imedyaten:
Sin n yigennayen ay ixeddmen deg uḥanu-nni n wegnay - Deux tailleurs travaillent dans l'atelier de coûture - Dos sastres trabajan en la sastrería - يعمل خياطان في ورشة الخياطة تلك
Aql-iken deg - Vous êtes dans - You are in - Ustedes están en - أنتم في
Asegzawal n Tmaziɣt - Dictionnaire Amazigh - Français - Amazigh - English Dictionary - Diccionario Amazigh - Español - قاموس أمازيغي - عربي
(c) Omar Mouffok - Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen.


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Agru
Agru (Assaɣ ussnan: Anura) d tafesna n tkelmanin timtegzitin, Iga d tagrawt tandant tamseksumt s talɣa tagejdant yakk d tikelmanin war asallaf gar-asen amqerqur, Agru yettidir druɣ deg yal iddg deg umadal seg yideggan isbegsanen ar ideggan anda yettili usemmiṭ, maca azal ameqran n telmas-is ttidirent deg tẓegwa timanẓarin anda ttiswasmlen din ugar n 5000 n telmas, Ɣas akken ugten-t telmas-is maca deg iseggasen ineggura imusnawen ttwalin d akken amdan n igmanen n waṭas n telmas tt-drusen (tt-nqasen)
Azal n yimdanen ur smgirriden ara gar n wegru d umqerqur s usrag (ɣef ssebba) n wemcabi meqqren yellan gar-asen
Tasensartut d usismel[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tasensartur[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Azal n 88% n telmas n tkelmanin ttusisemlent deg tfesna n igra, Deg tfesna ayi llant wazal n 4810 n telmas ẓẓunin-t (ferqen-t) ɣef 33 n twaculin gar-asent: igranẓulen (Leptodactylidae) s wazal n 1100 n telmas, Timerdedduyin (Hylidae) s wazal n 800 n telmas, d igerdettiyen (Ranidae) s wazal n 750 n telmas dɣa tiwaculin-a gan-t d tid yakk meqqren. Igra ttawin yakk igra imayniten d telmas n tmesɣaz yemgaraden, Asexdem n wawal AGRU d UMQERQUR ur ila ara (ur yesɛa ara) yakk azadur amessarti acku deg tmuɣli n imusnawen n usismel yakk igmanen n tfesna n waradfer d igra u anagar kan tawacult n umqerqur idetti iy gan d imqerqar ma d irem imezdi Agru yesskanay tid yettidiren deg twennaṭ n waman neɣ azunwaman yerna tla aglim d aleqqaq s unemgal n imqerqar yettidiren deg twennaṭ dgi llan drus kan n waman yerna aglim-is ikkerked (ḥercaw) anagar yiwet n telmest n imqerqar isem-is (Bombina-Bombina) tla (tesɛa) aylalen n umqerqur maca yettidir deg waman
Asismel[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Igra d imqerqar ttusisemlen deg 3 n idu-fesniwen igan d: Archaeobatrachia anda llant 3 n twaculin n igra imenza, yakk d Mesobatrachia anda llant 5 n twaculin n igra inamhazen cwi ugar n Archaeobatrachia, yakk d Neobatrachia dɣa adu-tfesna ayi d win yakk dgi llant dges waṭas n twaculin (24 n twaculin n igra itraren) yerna d nettat yakk i d tanamhazt ugar n tiyaṭ akken daɣen i ttidirent deg waṭas n ideggan n umadal


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Dawed
Dawed d agellid wis sin n tgelda n Israyil tamzikit, yuder deg uwines wis mraw send talalit n Ɛisa. Deg ajjed n tineslemt, d nnbi seg 25 inbiyen yuran di Leqran.
Tudert-is[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
D ameksa n udrum n Yahuda, d mmis amaẓuz n Yasa , Ḍalut agellid n imir nni yusem fellas acku yebɣa ad as yekkes tagelda mi i yenɣa Ǧalut ameqran. Asmi yemmut Ḍalut yuɣal Dawed d agellid yeẓaz tilisa n tgelda n israyil alama d Maṣer akked Furat imi yemmut dawed ixelf t id Sliman mmis ɣef uqerru n tgelda.


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Aneẓruf Ameqran
Aneẓruf Ameqran d taneẓruft tameqrant akk deg umaḍal, yezga-d deg ugafa n Tefriqt yerna tajumma-ynes tesduri ugar n 8 n imelyunen n ikilumitren imkuẓen. Aneẓruf Ameqran yeṭṭef akal seg Aṭlas aneẓraf arma d Tafriqt taberkant, seg Ugaraw Aṭlasi arma d Ilel Azeggaɣ. Timura ay yettekkan deg-s nitenti d Amerruk, Aneẓruf Utrim, Dzayer, Tunes, Libya, Maṣer, Sudan, Ččad, Nijir, Mali akked Muriṭanya. Aneẓruf Ameqran d tama yekkawen mliḥ (ala 100 n yimilimitren n wenẓar ay d-yekkaten deg-s yal aseggas), dɣa d aya ay t-yejjan ad yeqqim d akal ur yeṣliḥen i tfellaḥt. Imezdaɣen-nnes zemren ad sfullḥen ala cwiṭ-nni n wakal ay d-yezzin i yimedwen (oasis), anda ay ttɣelliten tizdayin n tini. Ala d Nil ay d asif ameqran ay izegren Aneẓruf.
Talemmast ed wegmuḍ (ccerq) n Uneẓruf Ameqran d akal ɛlayen, yeccuṛ d idraren yerna llan deg-s ula d kra n yiburkanen (Ahaggar, Ayer ed yedraren n Tibesti). Deg ugafa (nord) n Uneẓruf Ameqran, yella yejdi (Areg Ameqran) ed yizuɣar imeqranen yeccuṛen d aẓru. Azal n umelyun ed wezgen n medden ay izedɣen deg Uneẓruf Ameqran. Zik, amur ameqran seg-sen llan d imeksawen imessukal, maca ass-a, tenqes tkessawt deg tama-a, yerna amur ameqran seg yimezdaɣen zedɣen deg yimukan irekden. Tamguri (industrie) icaɛen deg Uneẓruf Ameqran nettat d assuffeɣ n upitṛul ed lgaz.
Amezruy[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Aṭas n yeɣsan n yiɣersiwen akked tɣawsiwin ay sqedcen yemdanen n zik ay d-ufan deg Uneẓruf Ameqran, yerna aya yesskanay-d tama-a tella d tazegzawt yerna tejjujjeg deg-s tmeddurt deg tallit n uzarmezruy. Deg tallit n Wegles (Antiquité), Aneẓruf Ameqran yebda yettkaw. Imezdaɣen-nnes ay yellan, naqal, kessen iysan (iɛudiwen), jjan iɣersiwen-a, yerna bdan kessen ileɣman deg lqern wis sin qbel Ɛisa. Seg lqern wis 7 sdeffir Ɛisa, d asawen, bdan Yinselmen keccmen-d ɣer Uneẓruf Ameqran yerna skecmen amur ameqran seg yimezdaɣen-nnes ɣer Lislam. Deg lqern wis 19, Ifṛensisen ssawḍen ad ṭṭfen cwiṭ, cwiṭ, akal n Uneẓruf Ameqran, yerna deg 1894, uwḍen arma ay d Timbuktu (deg Mali). Deg 1884, Ispenyuliyen ṭṭfen akal n Uneẓruf Utrim. Deg 1911-1912, Iṭalyaniyen ṭṭfen Libya. Maca gar 1951 ed 1976, akk timura n Uneẓruf Ameqran ffɣent-tent tmura tuṛufiyin.


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I wseḥbiber mgal anfufed n uvirus covid-19, aneɣlaf amenzu n fransa mas Jean Castex, iberḥ-ed ass n lḥed 31 yennayer ɣef ttnac n yiḍ, isalli n usekker n tlisa i yal akk timura i d-yezgan beṛṛa n lber n luṛuppa.
Rray n usekker n tlisa, yus-ad imiren, imi mazal ur d-yewwiḍ ara usafar i wecṛaḍ n weɣref afransi, acku iban-ed leɛḍil deg temsalt agi, acku alamma d tazwara n tefsut ara d-yaweḍ s waṭas deg xemmem n udabu afransi.
Inigen ger fransa d lezzayer
Ar ass-a krad n tkubbaniyin kan umi yettwanefk wamek ara gen inigen ger snat n tmura yagi, gar-asent : seg lezzayer llant kan Air France, ASL Airlines, ma seg fransa tella kan Air Algérie, dɣa deg waya ttwaheggan krad n yinigen deg wagur n Fuṛar sin deg umnensriffeg n Paris Orly, yiwen seg umnesriffeg n Roissy Charles de Gaulle.
Anwi iminigen i zemren ad d-asen deg lezzayer ar fransa ?
Ass-agi 5 n yeḥricen kan n iminigen i zemren ad inigen ger lezzayer ar fransa, wigi : Iṛuppiyen, d twaculin-nsen, izayriyen yeṭṛasɛen deg Fransa, yakk d izayriyen d yeqbayliyen yesɛan Visa ɣuzzifen deg wakud ( Visa D) i usegrew n twacult ( regroupement familiale) nebla ma nettu izayriyen d yeqbayliyen yesran i tujya.


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Arraz n Yiɣlanen Yeddukklen i yizerfan n wemdan
Arraz n Yiɣlanen Yeddukklen i yizerfan n wemdan d arraz i d-ittusbedden deg useggas n 1966 sɣur n ugraw amatu yeṭṭafaren tuddsa n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen resolution 2217 iswi n warraz-a d turrit n tnafut (tajmilt) i yimdanen d tsuda i d-ifkan ittekkiyen yufraren deg usnerni d taggaẓt n izerfan n wemdan ɣef wacu i d-yella useɣru deg ulɣu aseddayan i yizerfan n wemdan d irkawalen igraɣlanen niden i d-ikkan seg wallalen igraɣlanen i yizerfan n wemdan.
Arraz amezwaru yettunefk deg useggas n 1968, sin akin, seg yimir-nni yuɣal yettunefk yiwet n tikkelt yal 5 n iseggasen. Anda i d-yettili usfugel n usedger (afraq) n warraz deg wass n 10 dujamber igan d ass n yizerfan n wemdan, deg wass-nni yettili-d ufran n wid yuklalen arraz-a sɣur yiwet n tesmilt igebren seg iselwayen n ugraw amatu n yeɣlanen yeddukklen d useqqamu adamsan d imetti n Yiɣlanen Yeddukklen d tesmilt n yizerfan n wemdan d tesmilt n tewtilin n tmeṭṭut yakk d tesmilt tafurkant i wesnerni d taggaẓt n yizerfan n wemdan.
Arraz[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Arraz-a d azamal immug d tafelwit tamɣuzant degs azwil n Yiɣlanen Yeddukklen yakk d usugen anaẓuran.


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Deg tdiwennit-a, newwi-d awal akked yiwen i yefkan temẓi-s i tmaziɣt/taqbaylit deg unnar n unadi d uselmed. Nezzi-asen-d i yisental yerzan tutlayt s umata: aselmed, tira, anadi, uguren…atg. Ha-t-an wayen i d-yenna Uprufisur Kamel Bouamara.
Aɣmis n yimaziɣen: Ha-t-an ad d-yeffeɣ udlis-ik “Tislit n Wenẓar’’, deg ussan i d-iteddun. Awal ɣef udlis-agi…
D azwel n yiwet n tmacahut i d-yeddan deg wammud ara d-yeffɣen. “Tislit n Wenẓar” d tiririt ɣer laṣel n yiwet n tmacahut n Leqbayel i yerra M. Mammeri (1980) ɣer tefransist, isemma-yas “La fiancée du soleil”. Yessefk ad d-nerr tisuqqilin-nni meṛṛa ɣer laṣel-nsent acku ḍḥant-d tiɣribin. Maca, mačči ala timucuha i yellan deg wammud-a, llan yiḍrisen-nniḍen. Llant kra n yiḍrisen d iqdimen mliḥ ɣef Buɛemran, ɣef Ǧehha; tella tsuqqilt-nni n yiwet n tullist n A. Gide umi semmaɣ “Tuɣalin n Weqcic Ijaḥen” (1992); yella deg-s uḍris-nni i awen-d-nefka mi tfukkem tannant-nwen di 1995, deg ukayad n yiselmaden, umi semmaɣ “Tamɣart d teslist-is”.
Turiḍ ɣef waṭas n yiḥricen, ama d tasekla, d asuɣel, d tussna, d amawal d usegzawal, tamedyazt, atg. Yadra s lebɣi-k neɣ d tamara i ak-yerran imi yella lexsas deg unnar ?
Ur yi-tewwi ara yiwet n taɣult kan, tasekla, d amedya. Kecmeɣ timkeččmin, akken qqaren. “Kra i telwiḥt, kra i teṛwiḥt” akken yenna Ṭṭaleb. Yella wayen i xedmeɣ d lebɣi i wul-iw, yella wayen i yerzan allaɣ. Rnu, mi ara yesdukkel umdan aṭas n twuriwin (neɣ: mi ara d-mmɣent fell-as), aselmed, tagmi akked usnulfu (aseklan), yeẓra ulac tilisa gar taɣulin; yeẓra daɣen acu i yellan, acu ur nelli deg unnar, di ssuq. Awal tenniḍ-t-id “yella lexṣaṣ”. D amedya kan, rǧiɣ ad d-yeg walbeɛḍ asegzawal n teqbaylit s teqbaylit, ulac wi t-id-ixedmen; tin ɣur-s, seg wasmi i d-yeffeɣ “Issin wis sin” di 2017, ur d-yennulfa ara usegzawal-nniḍen n teqbaylit, mili ɛemrent tnedlisin meqqar.
Kečč yellan d aselmad, d amnadi, acu kan d amaru diɣ, turiḍ ayendin d adlis, ama s tmaziɣt/teqbaylit, ama s tefransist. Amek tettwaliḍ liḥala n yimeɣriyen n teqbaylit/tamaziɣt, ass-a ?
Yewɛer ad d-yerr yiwen ɣef usteqsi am wa. Tutlayin-a i d-tbedreḍ, tafransist akked teqbaylit mačči yiwen n uẓayer ay sɛant di tmurt-nneɣ. Dɣa ula d imeɣiyen n tefransist d wid n teqbaylit, ur ɛdilen ara. Taqbaylit-tamaziɣt d tutlayt yuɣen amkan deg uɣerbaz n ddula di tlemmast n yiseggasen n 1990. Aselmed n tɣuri s tutlayt-a d useḥmel-ines yessefk ad d-yebdu iweksar, seg uɣerbaz amezwaru, deg uxxam… maca imawlan n warraw-nneɣ ur tt-ɣrin ara, ur uɣen ara tannumi qqaren/ttarun s teqbaylit. Tura, i d-qqaren, d arrac i yesselmaden, i yesseḥmalen cwiṭ cwiṭ imawlan-nsen di teqbaylit. Ahat yewwi-d ad as-neg akkud i wakud.
Tewwiḍ tasteɣt yakan ilindi. Aṭas i yesḥasfen imi tḥebseḍ aselmed deg tesdawit. Awal ɣef wanect-a…
Tɣileḍ s lfeṛḥ ay wwiɣ tasteɣt? Amenzu i yesḥasfen ahat d nekki s timmad-iw. Maca ṭṭuqtent tsebbiwin i yi-iǧǧan “ffɣeɣ lantrit”. Tamezwarut ahat d anagraw n tsertit i ḥekmen di tmurt-a. Yessaweḍ armi i yerra aselmad n tesdawit d lexyal n tebḥirt ; yekkes-as akk izerfan-is, ur as-yeǧǧi, ur as-id-ixellef. D tadbelt i tt-igezzmen di ṛṛay ula di taɣult n tpidagujit. Yeqqel uselmad d anawur, am netta am uxeddam, am umaray n lbiru. Llant ssebbat-nniḍen. Maca mačči d tarewla i rewleɣ, qqimeɣ armi i tbedd ɣef yiḍarren-is Tesga (agezdu) n tmaziɣt di Tesdawit n Bgayet. Tura neǧǧa-tt i wiyiḍ ad as-kemmlen tikli…nessaram. Llant tsebbiwin-nniḍen, d timecṭaḥ.
Anda tewweḍ liḥala n uselmed n tmaziɣt/taqbaylit, ass-a ?
Ileḥḥu cwiṭ cwiṭ kan. Tamsalt-a n uselmed d walmud n tutlayt-nneɣ d tamsalt n tsutwin : yal tasuta ad t-tessiweḍ i tin ɣur-s. Wid d tid i tt-yeɣran deg uɣerbaz neɣ di tesdawit ass-a, ad uɣalen azekka d imawlan n twaculin.
Llan kra n yimdanen, mazal tezzin tenḍen deg temsal n yilugan n tira i yellan fran yakan. D acu n wawal-ik ɣef waya ?
D tidet, yuget uskasi, ugten yinawen ɣef temsalt-a n tira. Cukkeɣ ula d Tasdawit ur tessaweḍ ara ad tt-tegzem di ṛṛay. D acu i d lmeɛna-s? Yessefk ad d-gren iman-nsen ugar yiselmaden n tmaziɣt n tesdwit akked yiswiren-nniḍen s usuffeɣ n yidlisen n tesnilest d wayen akk yerzan aselmed d walmud n tutlayt.
Aṭas n tamiwin i yettagin aselmed-agi, ladɣa imi d iselmaden iqbayliyen i yettilin din (ma nekkes Icawiyen). Amek i tettwaliḍ kečč tifrat ?
Ilaq ad nẓer wid t-yugin : d inelmaden, d imawlan-nsen, d tadbelt n yiɣerbazen? Yessefk ad yeg yiwen tasastent di tamiwin-a, ad d-yaf ɣef wanti ssebbat ay tt-ugin. Sakkin ad d-yaf tifrat i yal tagnit. Yezmer lḥal mačči d tamsalt n tsertit kan. Yezmer lḥal sɛan lḥeqq imi tt-ugin, acku (ahat) ur tetwaselmad ara akken iwata, ahat iselmaden-nni ur twilen ara i uselmed; ahat ur tettwaselmd ara am wakken ttuselmadent tutlayin taberraniyin, imi tamaziɣt ɣur-sen d tutlayt taberranit; ahat ur sɛin ara lfayda deg tutlayt ur nettwaselmad ara s tmara, ur nesɛi ara amkan deg yikayaden (5e, BEM, Bac). Yessefk ihi ad yeg bnadem tasastent.
Ula deg tesdawit, mazal amur ameqqran n yikatayen n yinelmaden n tmaziɣt ttwarun s tefransist. Acu n ssebba n waya ?
Winna d ugur ameqqran, d tidet. Llant snat n trebbaɛ n yiselmaden di Tesdawit ass-a. Tamezwarut d tarbaɛt i yekkaten ad teqqim tmaziɣt anda akken i tt-id-ǧǧan Yiṛumiyen, d “taɣawsa” kan, ama deg uselmed d walmud n tutlayt d wayen-nniḍen (tasekla, tasnalest, amezruy), ama di tagmi (anadi); tis snat d tin i yekkaten ad tuɣal tmaziɣt d “tutlayt”, d “ttawil” (mačči kan d “taɣawsa”), ama di taɣult n uselmed d walmud, ama di taɣult n umeyyez akked unadi. D snat n tmuɣliwin-a tigejdanin i yeṭṭfen annar di Tesdawit ass-a. Yiwen n wass deg wussan ad tefru, yiwet seg-sent ad ternu tayeḍ. Taswiɛt-a, yettili-d “uskasi” fell-asent, tikwal tikwal iḍerru-d “umennuɣ” gar trebbaɛ-a. Yessefk ahat ad d-gren iman-nsen yinelmaden n Tesdawit i yeqqaren tamaziɣt, yewwi-d ad nnaɣen ula d nutni ɣef nnfeɛ-nsen, ad walin anwa abrid i yeffɣen fell-asen.
Yal agezdu n tmaziɣt, isedduy timsal i yiman-is. I wacuɣer ulac assaɣ gar-asen ?
D tidet, seg wasmi i d-yennulfa unagraw LMD ikemmel-as cwiṭ i teswiɛt. Ass-a, yal tasdawit, yal agezdu, tal tarbaɛt tleḥḥu weḥd-s weḥd-s. Yella cwiṭ n zeddi iwsawen, deg Teɣlift n Uselmed, maca drus maḍi. Aya ahat yenfeɛ mliḥ taɣulin-nniḍen, maca deg wayen yerzan tamaziɣt, annect-a ur tt-yenfiɛ ara. Yessefk ad ṭṭuqten wassaɣen gar tesdawiyin anda tettwaselmad tmaziɣt ; yessefk ad ilint daɣ tegnatin aṭas anda zemren yimdanen ad skasin, ad myibdalen timuɣliwin-nsen ɣef usentel X neɣ Y.
Yesteqsa-t Hocine Moula


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« Timliliut-a tla iswan n umeslay ɣef yisenfaren n tiwin akked uzuzzer n tgezzayt deg tmura, tarusi n ucrak, n Usiẓref, akked uheyyi n teswast n ufraq n tgezzayt, akked wallalen n uqabel n yicqirwen n tmura ideg ur yeǧhid ara ucraḍ », i d-yesseddi uɣbalu-nni.
Yettekka Benbouzid deg temlilit n yineɣlafen ifriqiyen n tdawsa ɣef tiwin n tgezzayt
LEZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Aneɣlaf n Tdawsa, Abderrahmane Benbouzid, yettekka ass n Ukras (larebɛa), deg tesɣimt n ugezdu-s aɣlifan s tarrayt n Internet, deg temlilit n yineɣlafen ifriqiyen n Tdawsa, n Tiẓraf, n Usɣiwes akked Tneflit tadamsant akked Tbanka Tanmaḍalt akked teɣlamt n umahil ɣef tiwin n tgezzayt tafriqit, i d-yenna yiwen n ulɣu n ugezdu aɣlifan.


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TAMURT – Yal ass n 20 ivrir deg useggas nettmektay-d ayen yeḍran yid-neɣ nekni s yizwawen (iqvayliyen) di tefsut n 80 akk d tefsut taverkant n 2001/2002.
Nettsuɣu „pouvoir assassin„ « ulac smaḥ, ulac“. Ilemẓiyen yenɣa udavu adzayri mačči d ayen iyezmer a t-yettu yiwen. Annect-a yezza ulawen n waṭas n tyemmatin. D acu kan ma neqqim kan deg taluft-a n „ulac smaḥ“ ur nessawaḍ ara ɣer yiswi-nneɣ (asvedd uwanek) akk d ussudes n tamurt-nneɣ nekni s yiman-nneɣ.
Taluft-a n usuɣu „ulac smaḥ“ tesdukkul-aɣ kan deg tikli n yiwen wass.
Annect-a yessken-aɣ-d, ar ass-a ur nezmir ara aneddukkel yal ass di tizli ɣef izerfan-nneɣ.
Acuɣer imusuyen yettazzalen ɣef izerfan-nneɣ ur ssawḍen ara ad msefhamen ɣef wayen yessefk ad yemsefham yiwen fell-as. Imusuyen yellan tura di tmurt-nneɣ am MAK, RPK, URK zemren a d-inin merra:
„Nekni d aɣref inella, ɣurneɣ amezruy, ɣur-neɣ tutlayt, ɣur-neɣ tugdut, nettqaḍar izerfan n wemdan. Ɣef tgeja-yi n yidles-nneɣ a nemyuṭṭaf afus deg ufus. Amcaqlal ɣef wannect-a werǧin ad yili; yiwen ur izemmer aɣ-yevḍu ɣef annect-a!“ Ɣef wannect-a yessefk ad ttilint temliliyin, ad yili umedhel (cooperation) gar-sen.
Di tmara n ccedda yessefk imusuyen-a ad fernen argaz neɣ tameṭṭut neɣ tarvɛt n 4 neɣ n 6 ar ad yessudsen tawuri iyessefk ad tili. Ihi ma msefhamen imusuyen-ayi ɣef wayen yessefk ad yemsefham yiwen fell-as, yezmer yiwen ad iraju amur ameqqran deg tarwa n tmurt-nneɣ ad ivedd yid-sen. S wakka inezmer kan anesvedd awanek-nneɣ. Ma yeddukkel weɣref-nneɣ yiwen ur izemmer a t-yeɣḍel!
Win iḥemmeln tamurt-is yessefk ad iɛfes ɣef ul-iw, ad yemḍel nnif n twaɣit akk d nnefxa-ines. Yessefk ad icrew tidi ɣef tmurt-is s wul akk d wallaɣ, mačči s wul kan! Win iḥemmeln tamurt-is yessefk ad iḥemmel tarwa n tmurt-is!
Akli Azwaw


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Bariz
Bariz (s tfransist : Paris), ar as ttinin ula tamdint n tifawin, tga tamaẓunt d tmdint lli akkʷ imqqurn ɣ Fṛansa. Tɣʷi yat tjumma n 105,40 km2 d kra n 2.15 id mlyun n middn ad gis izdɣn.[1] Iɣ nssiḍn ula tisgiwin nns, rad ilkm wuṭṭun n imzdaɣn n Bariz s 10.7 id mlyun n umzdaɣ. Nttat ad igan tamdint nna mi akkʷ tmqqur tnẓẓi ɣ tmdinin n Tamunt Tawruppit, s kra n 20,755 umzdaɣ i yan ukilumiṭṛ amkkuẓ.
Ar izray wasif n Sinn ɣ tuddurin tiqburin n tmdint n Bariz lli ibṭṭu f sin igzzumn nna ittyussann s Tasga Tafasit d Tasga Taẓlmaḍt. Ssutln as agudi n taganin.
Bariz ad igan tuẓẓumt n tdamsa, tsrtit d tdlsa tafṛansawit. Llant g Bariz kigan n tsnniɣin n tẓuṛi d tuṣkawin timzarayn. Tg daɣ Bariz tuẓẓumt n ustti, tṭṭaf ilmma yat tuṣkiwt tanaddawt ifulkin n umitru.[2] Tṭṭaf ula sin izagʷzn g ugnsu n tmdint. Ittubna yadlli umitru ɣ 1900, d tiɣzi nns ar tlkkm uggar n 200 km.
Tamdint ad dars yat tmamkt igan tagtdlsant, acku 19% n middn lli gis illan uckan d zɣ bṛṛa n Fṛansa.[3] Ilin gis kigan n id rriṣturan ẓlinin s kraygat anaw n tiram. Llan g Bariz imukrisn n tmrkit zun d timrkit n waḍu d timrkit n tifawt.
Tamallaytsnfl
Bariz dars kigan mad takka ɣ tsga ad n tmallayt, ha ṣḍiṣ imdyatn ttyussannin:
- Agʷddim n Ifil ad igan tuṣka lli akkʷ ittyussann g Bariz, ibna t Gustav Ifil ɣ usggʷas n 1889 s 6,300 ṭunn n wuzzal, ad t igan d 18,000 ugzzum n wuzzal d 2,5 id mlyun n iwqafn. S yat tɣzi n 300 id mitru, tkka tt inn ɣ yan uzmz tga tuṣka lli akkʷ iɣzzifn ɣ umaḍal. Uggar n 6 id mlyun n middn ar t tkkan kraygat asggʷas. Llan kraḍ iswirn nna iẓḍaṛ ad tn ikk umlulluy, walli akkʷ iɣzzifn iga t wiss sin ɣ iggi n wakal.
- Luvr yat tasnniɣt nna ɣ llan igitn inaẓuṛn iqburn bahra ttyussannin, zun d Muna Liza d Vinus Du Milu. Tettyubna yadlli tuṣka fad ad tg tigmmi i igllidn iFṛansawiyn. Luvr iga tsnniɣt tiss kraḍt lli akkʷ imqqurn g umaḍal, s yat tjumma n 60,000 id mitr amkkuẓ n tdala n ufsar.[4] Nttat ad igan tsnniɣt n tẓuṛi nna d akkʷ tkkan middn s uggar n 5 id mlyun n ufgan lli t id itkkan kraygat asggʷas.
- Tasnniɣt n Ursay tkka tt inn tga lagar ɣ mad izrin, mac ɣil-ad tga tasnniɣt n tẓuṛi. Tugt n igitn d twuriwin n tẓuṛi n tsnniɣt n Ursay ttyuskarnt ɣ isggʷasn gr 1848 d 1915. Tg tamynut tama n tsnniɣt n Luvr.
- Azrg Azggʷaɣ iga yan ukabaṛi nna ɣ ttilin agudi n ufṛṛj, iṛẓm tiggura nns ɣ 1889 ɣ yat tuddurt ism as Muntmartr, yat tuddurt ɣ Bariz ittyussann s tudrt n yiḍ . Ɣ Uzrg Azggʷaɣ ar ttḥucnt tmɣarin yan wanaw n uḥwac ar as ttinin Kankan afṛansawi.
- Asuk n Canzilizi iga asuk lli akkʷ ittyussann ɣ tmdint n Bariz, ig yan ɣ iswak lli akkʷ ttyussanin g umaḍal. Llan gis kigan n idɣarn n wutci d igadazn. Ɣ ttmi nns ar nttafa Lark Du Triyumf.
- Timzgida tarumit n Nutr Ḍam du Bariz, tga yat tmẓẓalut takatulikt tagutikt imqqurn, lli d ṛẓan g 15 abril 2019. Tlla ɣ tgzirt n La Siti.
- Bazilik n Sakri Kur tga yat tmẓẓalut takatulikt iwalan i Sakri Kur.
Imzdaɣnsnfl
Ilkm wuṭṭun n imzdaɣn n tmdint n Bariz 2,234,105 n yan g usiḍn n usggʷas n 2009[5]. Iɣʷli s 2,243,833 usggʷas n 2010. Mac yaggug sul f tmsliwt tamzrayt lli ilkm wuṭṭun n imzdaɣn n tmdint ɣ 1921. Lliɣ ilkm wuṭṭun nnsn uggar n 2.9 id mlyun n yan[6]. Zɣ imwuriyn imqqrann nna d isslkmn i wuguz n wuṭṭun n imzdaɣn n tmdint gan tn wuguz mqqurn n waddud n tawja tabarizit, d tmzwagt n imzdaɣn imqqurn s iglagaln n tmdint ɣ isggʷasn n 1960 d 1970. Ggutnt tmntal n tmzwagt ad, tilli xatrnin zgisnt gan tnt uguz n umussu amguran d tattuyt n watign n lkra g tmdint. Ikka tt inn uguz n wuṭṭun n imzdaɣn n tmdint n Bariz yan ɣ willi akkʷ imqqurn g wanaw nns ngr tmdinin n umaḍal; Ayann af tskr tamssugurt n tmdint tuggaz mqqurnin afad ad tḥafḍ f imzdaɣn n tmaẓunt tafransist, tnjḥ ilmma gis. Ayad ad immal usnmkta n yulyuz 2014 lli imlan yat tattuyt bahra istawhmman n wuṭṭun n imzdaɣn i tikklt tamzwarut zɣ 1954, s 2,144,700 n ufgan.
Bariz tga yat ɣ tmdinin n umaḍal nna ɣ bahra imqqur uckukl n imzdaɣn[7]. Ar ittini usnmkta n 1999 mas ar ilkkm uckukl n imzdaɣn n tmdint iɣ ur nssiḍn taganin n Pulunya d Fansn 24,448 ufgan/km amkkuẓ. Ur nẓḍaṛ ad nsmzazal wuṭṭun ad abla d kra n tmdinin mqqurnin n Asya, d ula Manhatan g Nyuyurk. Amma iɣ nssiḍn taganin, rad ig akud ann uckukl n imzdaɣn 20,169 ufgan/km amkkuẓ.[5] S mayad da tgga Bariz tiss smmust ɣ tigrawin tifransisn nna ɣ imqqur uckukl ḍaṛat Lu Pri Sant Jirvih, Fansin, Luvalwa-Pirri d Sant Mandi, ad ur nttu mas tgrawin ad kullu tnt llan ɣ ugns n iwtta n tmdint.
Ɣ usiḍn n Bariz n imzdaɣn ɣ usggʷas n 1999, 19.4% n imzdaɣn luln ɣ bṛṛa n Fṛansa. Zɣ usiḍn ad nit, 4.2% n imzdaɣn n tsga n Bariz taɣrmant kkan tt inn gan imzwagn imaynutn (lli nn izugn gr isggʷasn n 1990-1999), tugt nnsn gan zɣ Asya d Tfriqt. Ddrn kra n 37% n imzwagn lli izdɣn ɣ Fṛansa ɣ tsga n Bariz.[8] Tbda taḍḍanga n uzwag tamaḍlant tamzwarut s Bariz ɣ id simraw n tasut tiss tẓa d mraw s ukccum n ifllaḥn n lalman lli d irwln zɣ tassast n zziraɛa g tmazirt nnsn. Tḍfaṛ t nit taḍḍanga n uzwag yat iggi n tayyaḍ ar ɣ ass ad n iṭalyaniyn, udayn n uruppa tanammast lli d izugn ɣ uzmz n tasut tiss tẓa d mraw. Zɣ akud ann uckan d daɣ irusiyn ḍaṛt tagrawla n 1917, ula ayt Arminya irwln zɣ imnɣi n Arman lli tskr tmazirt n Iɛutmaniyn.[9] Amma g uzmz n imnɣi amaḍlan amzwaru, izuyd daɣ uzwag n imzdaɣn n tmizar llanin ddu usdurri, nnig n aya ipuluniyn ɣ uzmz ngr imnɣan s sin. Mn bɛd uckan d iṣbnyuliyn, iṭalyaniyn, ibrtqqizn d imzdaɣn n tfriqt n ugafa ɣ id smmumraw ar id samraw n tasut ad lli izrin, ḍaṛt n maya yat taḍḍanga n uzwag n ugayn n tfriqt n ugafa ḍaṛt tasimant n tmizar nnsn. Amma ɣil ad, tugt n imzwagn gan zɣ Asya d Tfriqt.[10]
Tamdint n Bariz tga yat tmdint taɛrrimt; zɣ aylli illan ɣ usiḍn n 2008, tkka tt inn tgmiḍi n imzdaɣn n tmdint nna dar ql mn 35 usggʷas 46%. Tagmiḍi ad tzri lmuɛddal anamur lli igan 41.8%.[11]
Asnɣmssnfl
Bariz tga tamazirt n kigan n iɣmisn d tsɣwan, s umdya Lu Mund, Lu Figaru, Libirasyun d Lu Nuvil Ubsirvatur d wiyyaḍ. Ar ttizwurn ɣ yigr n tẓṛigt abarizi iɣmisn n Lu Mund d Lu Figaru, sin ad ayd igan iɣmisn lli akkʷ ittyawssann ɣ Fṛansa.[12] Ɣmk lli s tḥtaḍan Bariz ammas n tsnurayt Frans Priss zɣ tuddma nns asggʷas n 1835[13], nttat ad akkʷ iqburn ɣ wanaw nns ɣ umaḍal[14] [15] d tad akkʷ iqburn ɣ Fṛansa d yat ɣ tisnuray tinɣmas ɣ umaḍal (tama n Rwitrz d Asucitd Priss). Ɣmk lli s tḥtaḍan ula ammas n tbadut n Fṛansa 24 lli iwalan i tnbaḍt tafransist.
Illa ɣ Bariz ula wammas n tbadut n TF1, nttat ayd igan tabadut nna ɣ bahra ttfṛṛajn ifṛansawiyn, nnig n aya agudi n tbadutin yaḍnin, zun d: Fṛansa 2, Fṛansa 3, Fṛansa 4, Fṛansa 5, Kanal Plus, BFM d uggar[16]. Ɣmk lli s tḥtaḍan ula wammas n ṛaḍyu n Fṛansa amaḍlan.[17]
Assaysnfl
Tṭṭaf Bariz iẓḍwan n wassay ibuɣlan kigan, s umdya n ibridn n wuzzal, ibrbridn d izagʷzn. Anmallu n Wassay n Tgzirt n Fṛansa (ɣ mad izrin: Anmallu n Wassay Abarizi) ad iɣʷin d nttan ad ittklfn s uẓṭṭa n wassay ɣ tsga.[18] Innuṛẓm uẓṭṭa n umitru g Bariz asggʷas n 1900, nttan ad igan wammak n wassay lli akkʷ ittusmrasn ɣ ugʷns n tmdint s kra n 9 id mlyun n umssudu ku ass[19]. Illa g umtru ad 300 isras (384 n tnqqaḍ n ubddad) d tfggigin ar tlkkm tɣzi nnsnt 214 km, 16 n yizriran gan asn uṭṭunn zɣ 1 ar 14, nnig n aya sin yizriran yaḍnin (3bis d 7bis), d RER ɣd ntta, iga yan uẓṭṭa nna ɣ llan 5 yizriran ifssusn (A, B, C, D, & E) nna ilkkmn s yidɣarn yaggugn f wid zwarnin, yilin gisn 257 n tnqqaḍ n ubddad d tfggigin s yat tɣzi n 587 km.[19] Ɣmk lli s rad stetmrn 26.5 id mlyar n yuṛu ɣ snat tmrawanin lli d yuckan fad ad ssimɣurn aẓṭṭa n umitru ɣ idɣarn d tmnaḍin lli issutln i Bariz.[19]
Tṭṭaf daɣ Bariz aẓṭṭa n tramway nna ɣ llan 4 yizriran: Ar izddi izriri amzwaru gr Sant Dinis d Nwazi Lu Sk, wiss sin ar izray zɣ La Difuns ar Isi-Fal Du Sinn, wiss kraḍ gr Bun Du Ɣaliɣlyanu d Burt Difili, wis kkuẓ zɣ Bundi ar Ulnay-Su-Bwa.[19] Ɣil nit ar ttxdamn ɣ usnflul n sin yizriran yaḍnin.
Llan ɣ Bariz kraḍ izagʷzn igraɣlann: Azagʷz n Carl Du Gul, Azagʷz n Bariz Urli, Azagʷz n Lu Burgit, d ula Azagʷz n Bariz Buvi. Izagʷzn imqqrann gan tn azagʷz n Bariz Urli lli illan g iffus n tmdint, d uzagʷz n Carl Du Gul lli illan g iẓẓlmḍ agmuḍan n tmdint d nttan ad igan ammas n tmssurt n Ir Frans, ig ula yan ɣ izagʷzn lli akkʷ iɛmṛṛn g umaḍal.[19]
Tṭṭaf Bariz aẓṭṭa n ibrbridn lli akkʷ yufn ɣ Fṛansa. Ssutln i tmdint kraḍ yibrbridn: abrid awrerri, lli iḍfaṛn azazu n yiɣrman n wattayn n Bariz n tasut tiss tẓa d mraw ḥaqqan, d ubrid A86 lli illan ɣ unmila agʷnsan, d ubrid n Franslyan lli illan ɣ unmila n bṛṛa. Tamdint ad dars yan uẓṭṭa imqqurn n iɣarasn ilkkmn uggar n 2000 km. iẓḍaṛ yan ad ilkm s Bruksil zɣ Bariz ɣ iggi n wakal ɣ kraḍt tassaɛin, s Frankfurt ɣ ṣḍiṣt tassaɛin, s Barsaluna ɣ snat d mraw tassaɛin, s Lunḍun ɣ snat tassaɛin ɣ talmacint.[19]
Tasga n Bariz tga yat ɣ tsgiwin tifransisn nna bahra issmrasn wassay n waman, ar sis sslkamn ssliɛt. Nɣiy ad nlkm s wasif n Lwar, Rayn, Run, Myus, d Cildt, d nɣiy ad nlkm s isaffn ad zɣ isldayn izdin d wasif n Sinn.
Imjṛitnsnfl
- 1900 – Urarn Ulampikiyn Wis 2 n Unbdu uqɛan imjṛitn nns ɣ Bariz.
- 1924 – Urarn Ulampikiyn Wis 8 n Unbdu uqɛan imjṛitn nns ɣ Bariz.
- 1998 – Akrwas n Umaḍal n tkurt FIFA.
- 2024 – Urarn Ulampikiyn Wis 33 n Unbdu rad uqɛun imjṛitn nns ɣ Bariz.
Ɣr uggarsnfl
Tisqqan tigraɣlannsnfl
Timdinin tikniwn d tistmatinsnfl
Zɣ ass n 9 abril 1956, ur tgi Bariz tamdint takniwt d ḥtta kra n tmdint yaḍn abla d:
- Roma, Ṭṭalyan, 1956
- Seule Paris est digne de Rome ; seule Rome est digne de Paris. (s tfransist)
- Solo Parigi è degna di Roma; solo Roma è degna di Parigi. (s taṭalyanit)
- « Bariz ka ad illan ɣ uswir n Roma ; d Roma ka ad illan ɣ uswir n Bariz. »[20]
Tiɣbulasnfl
- ↑ Estimation de la population au 1ᵉʳ janvier 2021 - Paris
- ↑ Dossier complet : Aire urbaine 2010 de Paris
- ↑ "Paris" www.worldcitiescultureforum.com.
- ↑ The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, and the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg are larger.
- ↑ 5,0 et 5,1 Évolution et structure de la population - Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques
- ↑ Uṭṭun n imzdaɣn n Bariz ɣ umzruy
- ↑ MadgeWillmott2006
- ↑ Paris Riots in Perspective
- ↑ Hassell 1991، tasna 22.
- ↑ Amzruy n uzwag g Fransa
- ↑ Insee - Résultats du recensement de la population de 2008
- ↑ French media: daily and weekly newspapers in France
- ↑ Agence France-Presse - www.afp.com
- ↑ Agence France-Presse is one of the three great international news agencies - Successor of the oldest international news agency - founded in 1835 by a Parisian translator and publicist, Charles-Louis Havas - Agence France-Presse was reborn on August 20, 1944 during the liberation of Paris.
- ↑ Consider the source: A Critical Guide to 100 Prominent News and Information Sites on the Web
- ↑ French and Francophone Television Stations - Watch French TV
- ↑ France's Radio Stations
- ↑ Syndicat des Transports d'Île-de-France
- ↑ 19,0 19,1 19,2 19,3 19,4 et 19,5 Lawrence & Gondrand 2010
- ↑ Hey, is San Francisco Really a “Sister City” of Paris, France? No – Was It Before? No, Not At All – Here’s Why
Amgrad ad iga amud, imẓẓiy ka sul. Aws i Wikipidya s usnfl nns, tssimɣurt t.


text:
Wp/shi/Tutlayin tisamiyin
Tutlayin tisamiyin gan yat tawja n tutlayin ittuysawaln ɣ Asya d Tafriqt. Tg ula yan iẓli n Tutlayin tifrusyawiyin.
Tawja n tutlayin ad gis kran tutlayin nna s tuysawaln bahra ɣ umaḍal, zund taɛrabt d tutlayin akk iqburn ɣ umzruy n ufgan : tutlayin tassyryanniyn (cunéiforme), tamiṣrit taqburt (hiéroglyphes), taɛibrit et taramit taqburt.
Tutlayt taymmat nnsn irwas is tlul ɣ Asya.
Aẓur n yism
Ism ad n " tisamiyin" nɣ "simitik" yuckad zɣ Sam, yus n Nuḥ.
Tutlayin mqqurnin
Tawja ad tsmun kigan n tutlayin mqqurnin nna d nna ɣ illa uṭṭun n imsawaln yugr 5 id mlyun, Tanna akk gisn imqqurn tga tt tutlayt taɛrabt nna iṭṭafn uggar n 450 id mlyun n imsawaln, ar nttafa ula tutlayt tamharit s yan wuṭṭun n 27 id mlyun n imsawaln, d tutlayt taɛibrit ula nttat s 8 id mlyun n imsawaln, ɛad tutlayt tigriniyt s 6,75 id mlyun n imsawaln.


text:
Tekker-d tcennayt Ferroudja Saidani deg rebbi n radyu n teqbaylit, amaṭṭaf wis sin. Din i tettekki deg waṭas n tedwilin i yerzan ccna akked tmedyazt. Deg tdiwennit-a, temmslay-aɣ-d ɣef umecwar-is s umata deg unnar n uẓawan. Am wakken i aɣ-d-tebder isenfaren i d-tettheggi sya ɣer sdat.
Aɣmis n ymaziɣen : S kra kan n wawalen, anta-tt Ferrodja Sadani ?
Ferroudja Saidani, d wagi i d isem-iw n tidet. Luleɣ di taddart Imezɣaren, taɣiwant n Frikat deg Draa El Mizan. Ddreɣ din 13 n yiseggasen, syn ruḥeɣ ɣer Lezzayer tamanaɣ anda i bdigh tudert-nniḍen.
Amek i d-tufiḍ iman-im deg ccna xas ulamma mačči dayen isehlen ladɣa i tlawin ?
Mi akken lliɣ meẓẓiyeɣ, ḥemmleɣ aṭas aẓawan, timucuha akked yisefra, u smaḥsiseɣ aṭas i radyu, amaṭṭaf wis 2. Yebda umecwar-inu s uttekki di kra n tedwilin yecban tadwilt n warrac imecṭaḥ n Rachid Alliche, tadwilt n tmedyazt akked Garouj Rabah, icennayen uzekka n Medjahed Hamid…Kra kra, skelseɣ tasfift tamezwarut i d-yeffɣen deg useggas n 1996. Llant deg-s 6 n tezlatin, gar-asent Ameɣnas, Tajmilt i Matoub Lounes akkedd Amulli n tefsut d asmekti n Tafsut n 80. Am wakken llant tezlatin-nniḍen ɣef tallit-ni taberkant akkedd rrebrab. Tudert merra tewɛr ɣef yimdanen, ladɣa tilawin u di yal aḥric. Nekk, ferneɣ ad d-rnuɣ taɣect-iw d wawal-iw ɣer tid d wid iteddun ɣef talwit, izerfan, tilelli tugdut…atg.
Acḥal n walbumat i d-tessuffɣeḍ ar tura ?
Ar tura, ffɣen-d 6 n walbumat, acku gar udebsi d wayeḍ, ttaṭṭafeɣ aṭas n wakud.
Mačči s teqbaylit kan i tcennuḍ, meɛna s tutlayin n tmaziɣt. Acu-t yiswi i tgiḍ i leqdic am wa ?
Ayagi, xedmeɣ-t s leḥmala meqqren, awi-d kan ad yaweḍ yizen. Ɣur-i, Tamaziɣt, d tayemat, tantalayin d yessi-s. Umneɣ d akken ad d-yas wass ad tuɣal ɣer laṣel-is : yal yiwen deg-neɣ yezmer ad d-yernu taḥjurt i wakken ad tennerni, acku agdud ma truḥ-as tutlayt-ines, ad yuɣal ɣer usalay. Ihi, yewwi-d fell-aɣ ad nḥader, ad nesnerni idles-nneɣ, tutlayt-nneɣ. Leǧnas, s wayla-nneɣ ara aɣ-d-addren.
Awal ɣef walbum-im aneggaru…
CD-inu i d-yeffɣen ussana, fkiɣ-as azwel Tarwiḥt ireqqen, deg-s 8 n tezlatin s teqbaylit, deg-s tarifit n Merruk. Wwiɣ-d ɣef yisental yemgaraden, gar-asen tizlit Tawriqt i umezruy, d tamuɣli-inu ɣef watṭas n tlufa i d-nedder deg ɛcrin n yisegasen-agi ineggura, tizlit imsedramen, d tiɣri d asuɣu ɣef wid i yebɣan ad beddlen udem i ddin n lejdud-nneɣ i aɣ-d-yettawin tikta tiberkanin, Tizlit Numidia, s tantala tarifit ɣef cbaḥa d umezruy n Tmazɣa, tizlit-a, d tajmilt i rriɣ dɣa i kra n win neɣ tin i iqedcen i lmend n yidles-nneɣ. Am wakken llant daɣen ɣef tayri, gar-asent Ahwawi i ccniɣ akked unazur Hcene Ait zaim s yiɣaliden yemgaraden deg uẓawan.
Ma tzemreḍ ad aɣ-d-taddreḍ kra n yisenfaren i d-tettheggiḍ sya d afella ?
Gar yisenfaren i ttheggiɣ, ad bedreɣ sin n yiklipen ara d-yeffɣen sya afella…
Awal n taggara…
Ssarameɣ aṭas n tdukli gar yimdanen, tagmat akked lemqadra, acku xas ad nemgarad deg tektiwin, lamaɛna, ad nettemqadar ad nettemyarfad gar-neɣ i wakken ad neddu deg ubrid yessuffuɣen ɣer tafat. Afus deg ufus, tanemmirt-nwen.
Yesteqsa-tt Hocine Moula


text:
Tidet Ur T-yetṛukk Wesgan
Nnan-d ayet uzik: “yeɣẓer ur yettaɣ abrid-nnes sent n lxeṭṛat” d ttay tɣawsa yellan bab n sen n tiṭṭawin yettaqqalen ɣer ɛecrin n iseggasen-aya ineggura deg ubrid n umennuɣ ɣef yedles d yiles amziɣ deg tmurt-nneɣ, u ma nuɛa-d isebtar n umezruy qli ɣer werni, ad d-naf tnukri n yergazen d lxalat teṛcem s isekkilen n yidem day mani “tafsut taberkant” tella u teqqim nettat d azwel ameqṛan s mayes ṛezmen timasxiwin n tikli ɣer dat bla werdaf ɣer deffer. Ma nwella ɣer wawal “amennuɣ” yerfed amek iqada inumak n isurifen a nedder tict wern n tict s tedqiqin d tsuwwaɛ; d abhaz ɣer wagel n imezwura s susegru d wefṣil, d trebzi ɣef ljal n wawal imeslen deg iẓeṛwan, d asuref n yimer d wemkan ɣer yegli mani taɣeṛma tartar n wemdan teẓda tajḍaṭṭ n imal d iwal.
Yal dderz ilaq-as azal, iswi ayef mmuten u twaḥbsen yergazen yilal-d itgara n ufaw n lefjer ma hennid d tmarjit, wa a yellan ur yumin-ca neɣ yeṣṣemẓi seg tɣawsa-aya ha-t d “Buxuṣ” n yimer-nnes, ad yeẓwa ad yesseqsa yefṣilen n lḥebs n “Lberwagiyya” d “Lumbaz”. Yal taneḍruyt deg umezruy d tteḥjimt s weslu aberkan yetterqiqqiɛen deg udmawen n iḍerɣalen d yya a yesderɣalen imdanen ɣef tidet, yecfa wa d-yennan: “ixellaṣen n wussan d uṛeɣ”. Aserkis yezmer ad yenneḍ amaḍal jemla kemla, u din s-tma-nnes tidet la tetteqqen tirkasin-nnes, d way matta netedder ass-a sugga neṣṣiwwed u nesla u neẓra s wablien, allen, d wulawen “Tamaziɣt” d tunṣibt, u ikemmel fell-as uterras s wudem n lbaṛud u yerna-s aked “Yennar”. Ina-s i yeɣrimen ad amnen neɣ ad felqen seg leḥmeẓ!
Deg tsirt n umedwal la yeẓẓaḍ uherrar ussan-aya ɣef tmaziɣt deg yal tama, seg tiliẓṛi, ṛṛadyuwwat ald yexxamen d leqhawi ma hennid d ttajnu tehwa-d ɣef yexfawen, deg unebdu. A yesḥarayen yesbeḥarayen netta d yudan a tewwi ljalt n “taɛṛubit tineslemt” yellan iṛḍen yeɛlawen aked nehni u wellan “sbuṛbiṛen” ttun belli jaref a yesseɛrqen tikli ur yezmir ad iwella ɣer tmilli u ad as-tesselmed ad yegr asurif! Maɛlic, Dzayer tistaɛ u tɛerrem, aɣen-terfed yejmel aked ma nella!
Neqqim netraja, nerẓem imawen am yefṛax yetjajan ɣef leɛwin n yemma-tsen, seg “Usqamu” wissen ma ad tili “takadimit” n timmuzɣa ad yeslalen awmaten (yeɣrimen) a yellan ur sawwiden-ca ma d yict n yiles ahen iferqen neɣ d ɛecra. Imir-a ulac matta ad neffer s-ddu n tfukt, u ma yeffer ha-t s ufus n ca a yetwaffer mamek a nennum. Bab n wexxam ur yetṛaja abeṛṛani ad as-yessili axxam ma netta d bu-fadden d ameṛẓu, u bac ur nettenneḍ-ca ɣef uzarzu ad d-nini: tlul-d “Takadimit” n usegmi n yiles d yedles amaziɣ u ṣṣiwden sergen-d amawal unṣib n umaziɣ adzayri; kkes ma tuɛer mliḥ i uṣiwweḍ, matta n wamken ad yeṭṭef ucawi s tcawit-nnes deg-s? Tay ma neẓṛa belli ageṛṛuj a yegzin seg “Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa” deg ayen yeɛnan Tacawit ad nenneḥcem aked ad t-nekta. U bla ma ad nessers tiẓeg ukk ɣef ṭṭabeq n yudan; matta yezmer i nečni icawiyyen ad t-nsawa bac ad nessili yefṣilen u ad nṣeqqef axxam-nneɣ s ifassen d tidi-nneɣ? Akkes ma njebed-d awal ɣef ttawilat d leqdic n imusnawen icawiyyen deg uḥric-aya n tgemmayt n yiles seg adlisen ald werzaw unnig deg tseddawit, day yezmer ad nessusem u nniig xemsa ɣef imawen-nneɣ! Deg temsal-aya, nessaram kan ur aɣen-tḍeṛra-ca am imezdaɣ n taɣṛemt n “Océania” a yekta umyaru ameqṛan “George Orwel” deg ungal-nnes “1984” a yergen deg useggas n 1949.
Tamaziɣt aksum-nnes d asemmam, mamek a yeqqar umeɣnas “Smaɛil Ɛeggun”, ur tetrag ɣef ilebbaẓen d icekkamen a yirexxan i tiwa-nsen s-dat ubeṛrani, amma aɣen selmden wussan, u ma nella d imaziɣen yexḍa d zkart deg udan neɣ d asɛeddi n yimer s ccihat uberk, tinettit n umaziɣ axaṭṭer d amaziɣ a lliɣ; mamek a yenna “Kateb Yacine”. Neč ad iniɣ: mamek ad nili d imaziɣen ma nesseɛreq Tacawit-nneɣ a yifessin am teftilt ass wern n wass? Neɣ ad d-neǧ tayemmat-nneɣ a tenkeɛ “Numidya” seg tallit n zizi d zizi-s u ad neṛẓem imawen am yefṛax?!
Imeɣnasen ukk ẓṛin belli amennuɣ ɣef Tmaziɣt akkas yeqqen ɣer tsertit, u yal ddurt llant tiɣawsiwin yessugurayen neɣ qnent ɣer usezreg n temsal; Imir-a yemmir yirar u yekfa wawal, annar flalen-d ayet bab-nnes, u amennuɣ yiṛeḍ aṛuḍ unṣib yerni s yisem unnig n imdebṛen yellan iḍelli utin fell-as nneḥ. Ass-a ljamat ṭfenhen imusnawen d ayet bab n usezreg d umenyef deg yal aḥric n unadi d leqdic: bda-t seg tesnilest truḥed gara-nnes ald tgara.
Nečni deg Awras ur ɣer-neɣ-ca n tenwal tict mani ad d-neffer yexfawen-nneɣ bla tamusni d werzaw d leqdic “Akadimi” unnig s mayes a nqum, yerni s wudem atrar n wass-a mani taselkimt d tmacint twella tuker amkan n wemdan. Luqq-a ma nexs ad d-neɣmi u ad d-nali am timettiyin lkul, acawi yezmer-as ad iɛaned u ad yesmenyef ɣef agel-nnes am netta am yudan. A nexs yella ur neɛqil ma ɣer-s azal! Timesmunin llant am ubelluḍ! Beṣṣeḥ lxedmet txuṣ asegder d umares s tɣessa tatrart ta ad yucen yiman d atrar i yedles-nnes yeqqimen yekmes deg teqbuṛin d tineffusin. Nanna –Rebba ad t-yerḥem- teqqar: “Wa ur as-tesaqqi-ca yemma-s ad yens sinn”.
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