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S usistim n tneqqiḍin (am wenni di kanada d umarikan (Green card)) yexs uliman ad yeqḍa x nnaqes ɣer-s deg ixeddamen: Awzir n lxedmet Hubertus Heil issiwel x usistim n tneqqiḍin (Punktensystem), zeg-s ad taf ad yehwen x yewdan i yexsen a dd-raḥen ad xedmen deg uliman. Ij n izref n unɛarq d jjdid, yeggur ad yeffeɣ di tkerza dd-yusin.
Awzir n lxedmet Heil, ifessel di tmeslayt-a: ”neḥwaj imenneɛraq. Suya lḥukuma tamaynut ixessa di tkerza dd-yusin ad tessewjed ij n yezref d amaynu n yiḍa, a dd-nessidef lkartet n cwirti s ij n usistem n ipunktuten ittban, ad taf iwdan i neḥwaj, yehwen x-asen a ɣer-neɣ dd-asen”.
D arẓam n tewwart waha urid d abezzeɛ
Deg wawal n Heil: “A netteg mkul aseggʷas laḥedd ɛla ḥsab cḥal i neḥwaj. Cḥal n yewdan idd-ɣa-ittadfen s lkartet n ccwirti ɣer tmurt-nneɣ mkul aseggʷas, a da xedmen, niɣ ad lemden ca n ssenɛet. Di lweqt-nni da ɣa sseɛdun, ixessa ad ksin nnit ixef-nsen”
Wenni ɣa-yella ca n udiplum iḥesseb deg uliman, ittwaḥsab yeɛda di ccuruṭ n lkartet n ccwirti. “Nxess la d iwdan i ɣa llant tzemmar nniḍen, a zeg-sen nessejhed ssuq n lxedmet” yenna Heil
Ipunktuten deg usistim-a ɛla ḥsab min dd-yewḍen i ca n ijurnalen d ilimaniyyen. Ad yeksi rebɛa n tmeslayin di ḥeṭṭu: Diplum, Lxedmet mala drust tlata n iseggusa, Talimant niɣ ad yili utarras izwar-as yedder deg uliman, ad yili ɣer-s qell i 35 n iseggusa.
Wenni ɣer ɣa yilintt tlata zi tina, izemma as wcen lkartet n ccwirti. Mamek ɣa tili, d min deg-s qaɛ d cḥal n ipunktuten i mkul lḥajet, ɛad a x-as temsafaq lḥukuma.
Timɣarin d amezwar
Heil ɣer-s lɣaraḍ damezwar deg yewdan iddern deg uliman, amen yexs ad ikeṭṭer timɣarin di ssuq n lxedmet “nxess a nessili anict yellan n temɣarin di ssuq n lxedmet, waxxa 72,1% waha ixeddmen, maca yettɣima d 7% adu anict yellan n yergazen, Mala nexlef ɣir azgen i yeqqimen, ataf a dd-nerbeḥ 900.000 n ixeddamen” inna Heil.
Amnus n nnaqes n ixeddamen, yettwala-t ssuq d ijj n wemxumbel yemɣar, ixess-as ad ifekk deɣya, Tnayen zi xemsa n fabrikat n weẓẓal d fabrikat n usenneɛ, ttcetkant zi nnaqes n uxeddam. Tamunt talimant n lexdayem n ufus, tessawal x nnaqes n 250.000 n ixeddamen.


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Ilmend n wass agraɣlan n tutlayt n tyemmat, i d-yettuɣalen di 21 furar n yal aseggas, ayendin d ahilen{programmes} n usfuggel i d-heggant tdukkliwin neɣ d tisudda n waṭas n temnaḍin di Tmurt. Ula i berra, yella wanida i d-yettwasuddes kra n warmud ɣef wass-a agraɣlan.
Amedya di Tizi Wezzu, thegga-d Tenmehla n yidles d tẓuriwin ahil d amerkanti deg kra n temkarḍiwin d tzeɣwa n tɣuri, am tid n Icerdiwen, Stita, Tigzirt, Tizi Γennif d tayeḍ. Ad naf deg usihel-a, i yebdan iḍelli 20 armi d ass-a 21 furar, timzikknin, isaragen, iḥuna{ateliers} i warrac d useneet n yisura.
Di taddart At Sula, taɣiwant n Ccmini, akken i d-nmeslay fell-as yakan di teẓrigt-nneɣ n tefransist, thegga-d tdukkla tinmettitadelsant « Itri n tlelli » asarag akked uselmad-amaru Leerbi Yeḥyun akken ad d-yawi awal ɣef tutlayt tazwawt d usnerni-is.
Si tama-s, ula d Tidukkla Tadigant n Tmeṭṭut Tanaẓurt n Sedduk, tella di ttiead i usfuggel n wass-a, 21 furar. Gar wayen i d-thegga, yella umsizwer{concours} n usuneɣ, asarag ɣef tutlayt n tyemmat, timzikknin d tmenna n tmedyezt. Γer taggara, ttunefken warrazen i wid i d-yuwin iman-nsen di kra n lecɣal.
Ad d-nesmekti dakken, ula d Aseqqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa yesfuggel ass-a, maca berra i Tmurt Taqbaylit. Armud-is dɣa ihegga-t-id di Cclef ass-a, 21 furar, ideg i d-usan ladɣa yisaragen ɣef tmaziɣt s umata, tifsarin n yidlisen d usefqeḍ ɣef liḥala n uselmed n tmaziɣt di tama-nni.
Daɣen, di Fransa, ihegga-d Unammas Adelsan Afransis-Amaziɣ yiwen n wahil ɣef teɣzi n ddurt, meḥsub seg 20 armi d 28 furar. Ad mmaggen din ddeqs n warmuden, am tmedyezt, isaragen, tizabuyin, iḥuna d wayen nniḍen.

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Roma
Tga Roma tamdint tamaẓunt n Ṭṭalyan zɣ 1871. Tg ula tamdint lli akkʷ imqqurn ɣ tsga n Lazyu, s tsga tarakalt n Latyum. Tettubna iggi n wasif n Tibr, zdɣn gis kra n 2.8 id mlyun n umzdaɣ, yan usiḍn n OECD ar ittini mas d wuṭṭun n imzdaɣ n tsgiwin n tmdint ar ilkkm s 3.47 id mlyun.[1] Lliɣ tsul tga talimbṛaṭurt n Roma tamaynut, ar aqqran i Roma s Tamdint lli ur ittmttatn acku tkka tt inn yad ɣ akud ann tga taqburt. Tkka 357 n usggʷas tga tamaẓunt n tmnkda tarumiyt.
Tettyussan bahra Roma acku tga tgmmi n Tmẓẓalut Takatulikt, ula anssixf nns, walli mu ttinin Lbaba. Izdɣ ɣ tmdint n Vatikan lli igan yat tgzzumt ɣ iẓẓlmḍ-agmuḍan n tmdint n Roma
Tisqqan tigraɣlann[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Timdinin tikniwn d tistmatin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Zɣ ass n 9 abril 1956, ur tgi Roma tamdint takniwt d ḥtta kra n tmdint yaḍn abla d:
- Bariz, Fransa, 1956
- Seule Paris est digne de Rome ; seule Rome est digne de Paris. (s tfransist)
- Solo Parigi è degna di Roma; solo Roma è degna di Parigi. (s taṭalyanit)
- « Bariz ka ad illan ɣ uswir n Roma ; d Roma ka adad illan ɣ uswir n Bariz. »[2]
Isɣwan n bṛṛa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Rome -Citizendium
- Ancient Rome first days
Tiɣbula[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- ↑ "Competitive Cities in the Global Economy" [PDF]
- ↑ Hey, is San Francisco Really a “Sister City” of Paris, France? No – Was It Before? No, Not At All – Here’s Why
Amgrad ad iga amud, imẓẓiy ka sul. Aws i Wikipidya s usnfl nns, tssimɣurt t.


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Lami i dd usiɣ ɣer Uliman, zedɣeɣ aṭṭas n wussan akd Lwacun ameqran nbaba. yemma‑s (ḥenna), aytma‑s, suyetma‑s. Di ca n llyali nsseɛdaten netqeṣṣer dag‑sen qaɛ mara. Nejbedd aṭṭas n wawalen, zi min xef wer yessiwil weydud Arifi akd iwdan yennumɣern di lwacun‑nnes. Xelli ɛad ayyaw akd ḥenna‑s (jida‑s).
Zi min dd‑ixḍerɣ assa azzag‑s dd‑ɛawdeɣ, d awal x temɣert, illi‑s n Uliman mamek das neqqer di Arif. Imxumber di ttedder akd baba‑s, aytma‑s, d yemxumbal n weqnunni jer ddin d ddenya.
« Ma tɣira‑c ni? qa marra tinni i xf ziyyarn, mɣernt uca arewlent, ama jjint‑id imezwura: ẓẓiyar d umas n yeqdu »ḥenna
« Arewlen‑asd tarwa‑nnes d yessis. »
Cḥal n twalatin teslim x ca n yejjen yesmeḥ di « lxarij » ad yedder di Arif? Yehwa s lwacun‑nnes amen yekmel. Urid d ijjen niɣ d tnayn, mala tesseqsid‑ten, maɣar ggin amenni? adac inin belli xsen ad ssemɣern ad ssigmen issit‑sen di tmurt n « Lislam ». Minzi tamurt n irumyyen ttagʷden ad mɣernt uca ad fɣent abrid.
Ina d ijjen uklasi n Marwes‑iwdan iẓerr‑iten Urifi di Arif. Tḥajit nsen tettwassen. Aqqa‑yen ggin ixf‑nsen helken di Uruppa, kessin tinɛacin n lehlak, d tinni n iḥenjiren. Qayen di Arif sḥinniben i tmira, ttadef‑dd xaf‑sen jer 1500 d 2000€ mala drust. Mani dasen tyura? Marra wi sneɣ zeg‑ina, uyuren‑asen tarwa‑nsen ɣir ggin 18 n iseggusa. Ɛerfen ɣa lqunṣi n tmurt wiss tnayn nsen. Ggin Passpurt uca telɛen, wer yessin ḥed manis kkin. Qeḍwent baba‑s aceddi nni n babat‑sen
« Arewlen‑as tarwa‑nnes d yessis »
Din tḥajit n yenni nniḍen, inni yeqqimen da (di Uruppa). Ijjen uklaṣi n yewdan wer umineɣ belli llan ar mani ten‑ẓriɣ s tittawin‑inu. Ina sḥinniben i tmira da, ttawyen terran s leɛbayat n Wafganistan jer tḥuna n iturkiyyen d tinni n imeɣrabiyyen rezzun x macca ḥalal. Tteqnen tiwura n tudert x yessit‑sen da. Ssawalen akd twacunin nsen taɛraft yeqquren (lfuṣḥa) minzi nettat d tutlayt n lqurɛan. Issit‑sen qayn ggurent s iḥettawen n wafganistan. Ca zzag‑sent ɛad x 9 n iseggusa. Min teggen di temɣarin nsen qa wer xaf‑s awal. Ufuɣ zi taddart n lekra di Uruppa, ɣa webyasyun, ɣa taddart di Arif. Tẓerr tfawt illa zi tburjet n wexxam.
Mani dasen tyura? Ca zeg ina llfen‑asent temɣarin x tewser, ca Arewlent ɣer tudrin n temɣarin, issit‑sen amen nniḍen. Qeḍwent baba‑s aceddi nni n babat‑sent.
Yezzilliz lḥal!
Amxumbel‑a qat ɣa waṭṭas n irifyyen‑isalafiyyen, mamek yella la ɣa ca zeg inni zi Tturk d wafganistan. Ufin tirelli d tadimukratit di tmura n irumiyyen, uca qa teggen ɣezzu di tarwa nsen. Ca n twalatin tseqsiɣ x lmexzen ma wer yelli? Mayemmi ten‑tejjan teggen ɣezzu‑ya qaɛ di temɣarin‑nsen d yessit‑sen? Amxumbel ameqran, Lmexzen n tmura n Uruppa yessen manaya!! Mkul twalat ad xaf‑s jebden awal di tribizyun.
Ijjen cwayt damzyan n yewdan i ked ɣa temsagard di Uruppa irifiyyen d imselmen d irelliyen. Tejjan issit‑sen ad ddren mamek xsent, ad ḍfrent abrid xsent, la da la dinni. Ca n ttwalatin melmi ḥessbeɣ, ttafeɣ anict n yewdan i ssneɣ di Arif ttamnen s usemquddi jer temɣert d wargaz, yujer inni n Uruppa!
ɛawd la d asalafi yessemquddat akid‑s, netta d ismeɣ n twehhabit, yerrit am netta! tenna beɛda ḥenna deg awal‑nnes:
Ufin lḥuriyya qa teggen min xsen!
Ɣer ɛawd


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Aylal
Aylal neɣ Agṭiṭ (Assaɣ ussnan: Aves) d aɣersiw ittafgen deg igenni s ifariwen. Yettwassen s ifrawen yesdurayen tafekka-ynes d uqamum-is ur nli (ur nesɛi) tuɣmas d useusay n tmellalin ilan (yesɛan) icelman uffiɣen izuranen, d ujgu n uzagur meẓẓiyen fsuse, iylalen ttidiren deg yal ideg deg tegnit, ibelɣen-is mgaradent seg umeẓyan ar umeqran s waṭas
Tanekra d temhazt d usismelẒreg
tasensartut tusnant tamezwarut tamirant i waylalen tettusers-d seg ifassen n sin imusnawen n Legniz John Ray d Francis Willoughby deg uskar nsen deg useggas n 1676 s uzwel n Tusna n iylalen (s Tlatint Ornithologiae)


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Ahilyum
Ahilyum (s tnglizt : Helium) iga t ufrḍis akimi lli mu gan tasdugmt n He d uṭṭun afrḍas 2. Ur dar-s akʷlu, aḍu d tamimt, ur igi toxic, iga ulmig (inert), ar ittga agaz n yan ufrḍis (monoatomic gaz), d iga amzwaru ɣ trabut n igazn usmidn (the noble gas) ɣ taflwit tazdawant n ifrḍisn.
Ahilyum iga wissin ifrḍisn ɣ tfssi d tugt ɣ umaḍal (Ahidrujin ad igan amzwaru ɣ tfssi d tugt), iga 24% n tmtta, d unck mqqurn gis ittuskar s nuclear fusion n uhidrujin ɣ itran.[1]
Tiɣbula[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Amgrad ad iga amud, imẓẓiy ka sul. Aws i Wikipidya s usnfl nns, tssimɣurt t.


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Faḍma Farras
Ungal ad iga wiss sin dar massa Zahra Diker, tura yad yan tga as s uzwl “Tiski tarjdalt”, d adlis ad iga g tẓṛgin n tirra; tazlɣa n iamaratn s tmaziɣt.
Taɣawsa izwarn rad tt iniɣ xf warra ad, iga tt ma s ar aɣ immal is d ku ass, ku tirmit n tirra, ku aḍṛiṣ is ar isimɣur s tutlayt nnɣ uggwar, d aylli tura massa Zahra ismd nn daɣ yat tsurift i tẓilt n tutlayt ad. nniɣ maya d acku ittyara s yat tutlayt immimn, s yat tɣarast nn ittggrn i usyafa iwatts nn tufrayin iggr asnt nn iklu tnt inn s yan ɣ ikwlan nns imnnawn.
Ungal ad, rksn gis iwrikn “ilarzg”, “lumi”, “luna”, “anna”… mk lli gis rksn ikwlan, ha gis imikk n aylli s nẓḍaṛ ad t nssiɣẓin, ha gis kigan n aylli nra nawgi t, agwin aɣ t, ha gis mad aɣ ittalln ar aḥbu n tslit n unẓaṛ yagwm aɣ d imikkuk g wuklan nns, ha d mad aɣ ittggan d inkrafn ɣ ugwns n yat tanawt issnfaln iɣf nns ku tikklit.
ɣ tudrt nga akkw iwrikn ɣ iggi n kra n tmsult, ku yan gitnɣ ittiystay as yan urtum, kra n ikwlan sis iẓlin, ku yan gitnɣ ar ittmaɣ ad ig aylli gis ira wada as yuran aylli s iqqan ad t ig yini t, iddr t iggi n tmsult ann.
Tanawt n wuklan, tga zud ukan tisit lli aɣ d immaln ignsiwn nnɣ nra nit nɣ nugwi, tga talli irban ɣayda n ubkkaḍ nn nssntal ɣ wallaɣn nnɣ, d tufrayin ann s nmmaɣ ad tnt nntl f wiyyaḍ mqqar immra.
Tizi lli smdɣ tiɣri n wungal ad, ifl d g ugwns inu kigan d usqqsi ittyagaln, ismuss nn giti kra, d is ka rad snimmrɣ talli t yuran xf taḍfi n tguri d usyafa, Tanmmirt xf umuddu ad immrwin ismrwi aɣ dis, Tanmmirt xf tizi ad n taḍfi da aɣ trzzf tguri nnm.
Stiɣ awn/t imikk g ungal ad, ssitmɣ ad t tɣrm:
“Lumi, is tssnt mckk n waggas ad ittasi uɣanib inu iɣ am ttaraɣ? Is tssnt is ar isswa ayda nnɣ s yidammn n wul nns izggwaɣn?Ayda nnɣ lli ssngḍn imakrn n yiɣman, is tssnt mad igan ayada n wanaw nnɣ nkki dim? aɣanib a tinu, aɣanib d tnfult d yat tswingmt, iɣ llan, anaruz nnɣ lli s rad daɣ nasi inuraz.” (P48)


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Zeg wami llan Imaziɣen, ɛemmers ma ttuɣa din ca n ubandu ismun-iten zi Siwa ar Kanariya. Ar mani dag-s fekkren ca n imeɣnas saqaren-d bandu-ya ittwaksin deg umaḍal marra. Nzemmer ad t-naf deg umenɣi n Libiya, di lḥirak n Arrif, deg Wazawad. Ad t-naf ɣer Iknariyen, yella ula di dyaspura.
Imaziɣen zeg wami llan ɛemmers ma munen, maca s ijjen ubandu ufin dag-s ixef-nnsen merra. Ass-a d 30 Tɣuct, dag-s issemɣaran Imaziɣen n umaḍal s ubandu-nnsen. Maca mamec das-temsar i ubandu-ya? Wi dag-s ifekkren? melmi i d-yeffeɣ ɣer tudert?
Bandu-nneɣ ad yali zi Siwa ar Kanariya.
Din tnayen n tḥuja i yeqqnen ɣer twaggit n ubandu n Tmaziɣt. Tḥajit tamezwarut teqqen ɣer Takadimit Tamaziɣt i yegga ddsas-nnes Muḥend Aɛrab Besɛud. Takadimit-a tettwagg asegg°as n 1966 s ca n ineɣmasen, imerzuten d inaẓuren… Zzag-sen Ṭawes Ɛemruc, Muḥemmed Argun, Muḥend Sɛid Hanuz.
Yusef Medkur ijjen zeg inni n tkadimit, ixeyyeḍ rebɛmiyya n ubandu deg usegg°as n 1969. Maca amɣar n RCD (agraw i yidles d tugdut) Saɛid Seɛdi, d netta i t-iɛedlen awern-as. Bandu ad ittwaksi di tefsut n Imaziɣen asegg°as n 1980 di leqbayel, maca xenni ttuɣa qaɛ wer yettwassen.
Ḥmed Adɣirni, ɣer-s lxezrat nniḍen. Yeqqar belli bandu Amaziɣ ad d-iban twalat tamezwarut di Tafira (tigzirin tiknariryin) deg wegraw Amaḍlan Amaziɣ (CMA). Yenna belli kellfen ca n iḥudriyen d Iknariyen d nitni i d-issujden bandu-ya wa. Awerni i ukungris amaḍlan, kul Maziɣ yeksi akid-s ijjen ubandu ɣer tmurt-nnes.
Beddu n ubandu di Arrif: zi Temsaman?
Abuɣaw Amarruk, Adɣirni yeqqar ila bandu-ya immewc i yijj n tmesmunt di Temsaman, xenni ittwaxeyyeḍ zzag-s cwayt di Nnaḍur mani ɣa immutti ɣer Arbaṭ d Kaza d tneddam nniḍen.
Lmexzen Ameɣrabi ila wer das-itteɛjib lḥal ad iẓer bandu-a ittferfir, niɣ kessin-t imeɣnas. Maca awern-as ibda ittnama akid-s, ula kter di temnaḍ mani llan Imaziɣen aṭṭas. Mani mma yella ca n ufuɣ, izemmer bnadem ad ittwala bandu-ya. Deg umussu n 20 Febrayer, tuɣa bandu-ya lebda ittferfir, amenni ula di lḥirak n Arrif.
Di Lezzayer, yegg-d Lgayed Saleḥ ijjen uwardi, ugin ad jjen ad immeysi bandu n Tmaziɣt. Tuɣa rezzun ad ittwaksi ɣir wenni Azzayri. Aṭṭas n imeɣnas di Lezzayer ttwaṭṭfen di leḥbusat minzi ttuɣa kessin bandu n Tmaziɣt deg ufuɣen n lḥirak.
Waxxa imeɣnas n Tmaziɣt qqaren belli bandu-ya d ijjen iqqen ɣer tnettit n Imaziɣen mani mma llan. War yelli ca d bandu n ca n ddewla, maca waxxa amenni timura n ẓelmeḍ n Tefrikt, xezzren-t ɣer-s s ucaci.
Maca min xsen ad inin ikuluriten-nnes?
Rebɛa n ikuluriten i dag-s di bandu:
Awraɣ: ixes ad yini ṣṣeḥra mani zeddɣen Imaziɣen, am Itargiyen.
Azegza: D izuɣar d idurar mani ittilin ɛawed Imaziɣen.
Aḥmaymi: ixes ad yini Imaziɣen izeddɣen x lebḥer. Tlata-ya n ikuluriten ttɛeqqaben ɣer mayen illan di Tmazɣa. S idurar-nnes, lebḥer-nnes d ṣṣeḥra-nnes.
Deg wammas n ubandu, din ijjen yaz d azegg°aɣ ixes ad yini d iles n Tmaziɣt ismunan Imaziɣen, kulur azegg°aɣ yeqqen ɛawed ɣer idammen iwcin Imaziɣen x tlelli n tmurt-nnsen.


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Asrvud
Ar tssrvud tzlva n tirra n imaratn s tmazivt i :
Taslmadt : Mmloid Lodnani, d ungal nns « inaäan n waäan », zv tçëigin n tzlva n tirra 2018.
Aslmad : Hmad Lmunadi, d udlis nns « tamdyazt tamazivt tatrart »
Tasmvurt n Lmvrib n udlis v yigr n tskla tamazivt lli asn ittukfan, g tsutlt tiss 19 lli tsnmalla tmawast n tussna.
D ar tssrvud tzlva n tirra i :
Taslmadt : Fatima Fayz, d tdla n tullisin nns “ udmawn” , zv tçëigin n tzlva n tirra 2018.
Aslmad: Hmad Balaj, d tdla nns n tmdyazt “ agris n tmssi ”, zv tçëigin n tzlva n tirra 2018.
Aslmad: Racid Ubavaj, d udlis nns v tskla n wazzan “ abrid n ufra”.
Aslmad: Mupmmad Farsi d usuvl nns s tmazivt i ungal “ taridirt n yan uvyul” n umara pasan awrid..
Tasmvurt n tawssna tamazivt n IRCAM – 2018.
تهنئــــــــة
بمناسبة فوزهما بجائزة المغرب للكتاب في الادب و الثقافة الامازيغيين في دورتها 19 والمنظمة من طرف وزارة الثقافة، تتقدم رابطة تيرا للكتاب بالأمازيغية بتهانيها الى كل من : (suite…)