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AMEK A TARUM TAMAZIΓT ?
Wigi d kra n yiwellihen i wakken ad tarum tutlayt tamaziYt di Internet s Arial Unicode MS yellan di yal aselkim iteddun s Windows Vista akk d XP.
Amek ara tesqedcem "anasunic.exe" ?
Zedmet "anasunic.exe" s utekki Yef yizdi agi
Tisefsayin Unicode iteddun akk d "anasunic.exe"
Iḍrisen Muḥd U Ṛemḍan Yef Unicode d'usemres-ines
AḌRIS 1
Tazwart
Nenna-d belli tutlayt Tamaziɣt teḥwaǧ kan ad tt-naru ad tt-nɣer. Ma yella taɣuri tban-aɣ-d, maca amek ara naru ? S wacu ara naru ?
Mačči d tamsirt n yilugan n tira, d tajerrumt neɣ d taseftit i d iswi n tgejdit n wuṭṭun-agi, maca d awelleh ɣef wallalen n tsenselkimt i ɣ-yettunefken i wakken ad d-nesnulfu ayen i neḥwaǧ i tira n tutlayt-nneɣ akken iwata lḥal.
D allalen-agi n tsenselkimt i ɣ-yeldin tiwwura n umaḍal akken i tent-ldin i tutlayin nniḍen. Taswiɛt-agi nufa abrid igerrzen i useqdec-nsen imi tamaziɣt tḥella-d amkan-is di Internet. Yeggra-d cwiṭ n lexṣaṣ deg wayen yerzan taywalt akked temliliyin gar widen iqeddcen ɣas akka Internet ur yesɛi ara tilisa, maca skud nuki i wugur-agi, yiwwas ad tili tifrat.
Ɣas allalen-agi i medden irkelli, maca anadi akked usnulfu sɛan imawlan. D annar ifergen yesɛa ilugan, ɣef waya mačči win yekkren ad d-yesnulfu war ma yerra lwelha-s s ayen xedmen widen i t-yezwaren ɣer ccɣel-nni akked llsas iɣef t-xedmen. Leqdic amaynut yezga d akemmel ɣef wayen yellan yakan, d tarusi ɣef llsas n wayen yettwaqedcen akked wayen iɣef yella umsefhem di tazwara, mačči yal tikkelt ideg ara d-iban kra, yessefk ad d-nɛiwed i kullec seg umezwaru : dɣa mi nuẓ lmitra ad nwexxer s snat lmitrat.
Tagi d tiɣri i widen yettarun s tmaziɣt, i widen i d-yettarun i tesɣunt-agi, nessaram ad as-d-slen, i wakken ad neddukel ɣef wallalen n tira i ɣ-iwulmen, ara ɣ-yessehlen axeddim i wakken ad naẓ war ma nwexxer.
Aḍris-agi mačči d tazrawt ɣef Unicode, maca d tiɣri
i yimeskaren akked yimnuda
i wakken ad sseqdacen tisefsayin Unicode
i tira-nsen akked tezrawin-nsen.
La d-qqaren belli Internet yessemlal imdanen n ddunit merra armi yuɣal umaḍal d taddart. Ɣef waya, amdan ur nesɛi amkan di Internet ad d-yaf iman-is berra i unnar. Tutlayin merra ttmurudent ɣef uẓeṭṭa-agi, ttnadint ad awint aḥric ameqqran i wakken ad d-ifrirent, ad ilint d tiden iǧehden, d tiden i sseqdacen medden merra am teglizit... akked tefransist. Ad sberbrent tutlayin iǧehden ɣef tiden ur neǧhid ara, ad rewlen medden ɣef tutlayt ma ur ten-tenfiɛ ara di tudert-nsen, ma ur sen-tessečč ara aɣrum. Ihi cwiṭ cwiṭ, ad yenɣes useqdec n tutlayt-nni ǧǧan yimawlan-is, ad tuɣal di rrif, ad tettwattu... ad tenger, ad d-asen wiyaḍ ad tt-zerwen ! Ihi di teswiɛt-agi ideg ameslay, tira akked tugna ttinigen seg ugafa s anẓul, seg usammer s ataram deg yiwen usiti (utekki) ɣef tqeffalt n unasiw, d acu-t uswir-agi iɣer tessaweḍ tmaziɣt akked yimaziɣen deg umaḍal-agi ijebbden medden akken ijebbed ddkir uzzal ?
Tamaziɣt, imira attan la tettmurud am nettat am tiyaḍ, maca mačči i wakken ad tɣumm neɣ ad tessenger tutlayin nniḍen, i wakken kan ad d-tḥerr amkan-is deg uẓeṭṭa-agi agraɣlan, ad teẓḍ aḍref-is s useqdec i la tt-sseqdacen yimawlan-is yebɣan ad tidir, ad tennerni, ad d-teffeɣ si taddart s annar ideg ttemqabalent tutlayin.
Tira n tmaziɣt (mačči d Pdf mačči d tugniwin) llant di Internet s yiwet tsefsit umi qqaren Arial Unicode MS yellan di Windows XP neɣ di Windows Vista, akked sin yinuḍafen n unasiw : unicber i nesseqdac di XP kan, anasunic i nesseqdac di XP akked Vista. Inuḍafen-agi ur llin ara di Windows imi mačči d Microsoft i ten-id-yesnulfan. Ihi yessefk ad yessali umeskar neɣ asenselkam anuḍaf n unasiw anasunic, iteddun ɣef XP akked Vista, ɣef uselkim-is mi ara yebɣu ad yaru s tmaziɣt yeḥwaǧen tisefsayin Unicode -i nezmer ad naf di Internet-. Ɣas llant tsefsayin nniḍen Unicode, maca ur d-teddunt ara di Windows, ihi ur ṣliḥent ara i yiḍrisen di Internet : kra ara yettwarun s tsefsayin-agi deg yiselkimen, mi yekcem Internet ad yexreb, ayen ara ixerben deg-s d la mise en page akked kra n yisekkilen yecban “ɣ” akked “ɛ”. Maca, kra ara yettwarun s Arial Unicode MS deg yiselkimen, mi yekcem Internet akken ara yeqqim, ur yettbeddil ara. Aḍris ur ixerreb ara ɣas ma yettwaru s snat neɣ ugar n tutlayin : amedya tamaziɣt akked tefransist. Tikwal nettaf imeslayen s tmaziɣt deg uḍris s tefransist, tikwal d imeslayen s tefransist i nettaf deg uḍris s tmaziɣt. Yiwet tsefsit ara nesseqdec i tira s geddac n tutlayin deg yiwen uḍris : annect-a irennu di ccbaḥa n tira, ttishilent i tɣuri imi tawsit n yisekkilen yiwet-is. Nezmer ad d-nefk amedya n snat tezrawin s snat tutlayin (tamaziɣt akked tefransist) n M.A Haddadou akked A. Nouh neɣ Les Actes de Colloque i d-yeẓreg Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa ideg d-iban belli tira s yiwet tsefsit Unicode (Garamond Unicode neɣ Times New Roman Unicode) cebḥent, sehlent i tɣuri mačči am tira s snat neɣ ugar n tsefsayin yemgaraden di tewsit-nsent : Times new roman... akked Amazigh Arial.
D acu-t Unicode ?
Ad d-nesmekti qbel ad nebdu ameslay ɣef Unicode belli liḥala n tira s tmaziɣt ur tgerrez ara. Teẓram merra amek i ttuɣalen yiḍrisen ɣef ugdil n uselkim ideg ulac tisefsayin iss ttwarun deg uselkim anaṣli ! D yir liḥala… D yir taɣuri. Ggtent tsefsayin akken ggten widen i tent-id-yesnulfuyen war ma yella ccwer gar-asen.
Maca imira, akken i s-yehwu yili lḥal, yessefk ad asen-nerr tajmilt imi di teswiɛt n lḥerṣ, di teswiɛt ideg ḥala «ulac» i yellan, nufa-ten, nitni, snulfan-d allal iss nura imir-nni. D allal i wakken ad naru timawit, ad neg zzerb i tatut, ad nerr ccfaya ɣef lkaɣeḍ.
Imi ur myussanen ara gar-asen, yal yiwen deg-sen sani iwehha, yal yiwen sani iwala. Taywalt-agi ixuṣṣen gar-asen, ɣas ttwaqqnen ɣer yiwen uẓeṭṭa, turew-d amgarad i d-yesnulfan ula d netta uguren yeggten akken ggtent tsefsayin.
“Zik-nni“, isekkilen n tutlayt-nneɣ (s usenqeḍ s wadda, s ticcewt s ufella) ṭṭfen imukan n yisekkilen n tutlayin nniḍen ladɣa tafransist i nesseqdac aṭas di tmurt-nneɣ.
Nettaf imeslayen yecban «tamazi$t», «avris», «iéuran», «ajeooig»… deg uḍris ur nezmir ad ten-id-nessenṭeq. Yeggra-d “ɛ“ akked “Ɛ“, sin yisekkilen-agi ur llin ara di tsefsayin, imi d tiwwin i ten-id-nettawi seg umkan nniḍen : Inserer/Symbole. D ayagi i ɣ-d-yettaken isekkilen yecban «Ɛ» akked «ɣ» yeccemten tira, ur ddin ara akked tewsit n yisekkilen inaṣliyen, yerna ur d-ttbanen ara deg uḍris mi ara t-nawi seg uselkim ɣer wayeḍ.
Llant tsefsayin nniḍen yecban : Amazigh, Amaz, Tayma, ArialMDZ, Amazigh latin cent… d tiyaḍ. Di yal yiwet deg-sent, isekkilen n tmaziɣt (s usenqeḍ s wadda, s ticcewt s ufella) ṭṭfen amkan yemgaraden ɣef tiyaḍ. Ɣef waya i nezmer ad naf yiwen usekkil yeṭṭef ugar n sin yimukan ur ili : yesɛa amkan di yal tasefsit, ayagi imi yal asenselkam ad t-yessers anda i s-yehwa mi ara d-yesnulfu tasefsit-is !
Ihi, s tewzel maḍi (imi aḍris-agi mačči d tazrawt ɣef Unicode), nezmer ad d-nini belli Unicode d angal yettunefken i yal asekkil n yal agemmay n tutlayin n ddunit merra : asekkil yiwen, angal yiwen. Asekkil i ɣ-yehwan ad t-naru, tasefsit i ɣ-yehwan ad tt-id-nesnulfu, angal n yisekkilen yiwen, ur yettbeddil ara. Ad d-nesmekti belli tarusi-agi n yisekkilen ɣef tqeffalin n unasiw d tamezwarut i d-nufa deg unuḍaf n unasiw unicber n Inalco i XP kan, qbel ad aɣ-d-yaweḍ Vista. D ayagi iɣef, imira, tarusi-agi, d llsas iɣef ilaq ad yili yal anuḍaf ara d-yesnulfu yal asenselkam i tmaziɣt ama i Vista ama i wayen nniḍen, imi amaynut yezga yella…
Isekkilen-agi (s usenqeḍ s wadda, s ticcewt s ufella) zemren ad rsen di yal tasefsit n Windows/Fonts yesseqdacen tlatinit. Amedya n Times New Roman, Arial, Garamond... ideg llan yisekkilen n tlatinit n tutlayin n l’Europe merra, rnu taɛrabt, taɛibrit… tarusit, ma rnan-asen widen n tmaziɣt… ur yexṣir wara !
Ad dduklent tira
Ayagi akk i d-nura i wakken ad d-nini belli nekni, ahat war lebɣi, nettleqqim aẓar n beṭṭu ula deg wayen ur nettalas. Seg wakken nḥemmel tutlayt-nneɣ, neqqen tiṭ, ur nwala ara akken iwata lḥal, neɣ ahat allen berrant ur walant, belli ma nesṭuqqet asnulfu, ɣas d ayen yelhan, ad aɣ-iḍurr. Ayagi imi ulac ayen yessemlalen isenselkamen-agi imaziɣen i wakken ad dduklen ɣef yiwen rray, ɣef yiwet tira... Tutlayin yecban tafransist, taspenyulit neɣ taglizit, ɣas ggtent tsefsayin maca yiwen unuḍaf n unasiw i yellan, ur yettbeddil ara. Mi nefren tutlayt, d anuḍaf-nni, d yiwen-nni kan ara nesseqdec. S wakka, iḍrisen yura ufransi s tefransist di Rrus, akken ara ten-iɣer ufransi nniḍen di Marikan, s tefransist.
Ihi ɣas yella umaynut di tira n tmaziɣ, ur yessefk ara ad nettu uguren n tira imezwura : $, £, é, à, ç, è, v, ê, û, î, o, p i nettaf deg yiḍrisen n tmaziɣt, i ɣ-d-yekkan si tsefsayin yeggten ur nezmir ad ilint merra deg yiselkimen.
Maca, assen d assen, imira d imira. Unicode yekkes-aɣ yiwen uɣbel n tira s wangalen yefka i yisekkilen n tmaziɣt (s usenqeḍ s wadda, s ticcewt s ufella). Yessemlal-aɣ deg yiwet, ihi tanemmirt d tameqqrant i kra i ɣ-yesduklen ɣef tɣawsa-agi, yiwet seg waṭas, ahat, maca ur nezmir ara ad nemgarad fell-as.
Sduklen-aɣ ssya, nemsebḍa ssyihin. Mi nɣil Unicode yeqleɛ-d aẓar-nni n beṭṭu, atan iban-d wayeḍ. Asmi i d-yennulfa Vista (ideg ters tmaziɣt d tutlayt war ma yers daɣen unuḍaf-ines), nebɣa ad nkemmel leqdic deg-s am nekni am wiyaḍ, dɣa nnuda ɣef unuḍaf iss ara naru, nufa yiwen di Internet. Mi t-nessuli, nufa tarusi n yisekkilen temgarad akked tin n unuḍaf n unasiw n XP. Asekkil «ɣ» yettwakkes si tqeffalt «q» yuɣal ɣer tqeffalt «v» akked «y» wissen acuɣer ? Uma abrid iban… yenǧer… !
Imira dɣa, i ur ilaq ara ad yili wugur n unuḍaf n unasiw akken yella win n tsefsayin. Ma tkemmel akka, win umi nefka aḍris yessefk ad s-nesseddu tisefsayin akked unuḍaf n unasiw neɣ ad nuɣal ɣer teqdimin-nni-nneɣ : Pdf akked tugniwin. Ihi win yebɣan ad d-yesnulfu anuḍaf amaynut, atan ɣer-s, MACA ilaq ad yili ɣef llsas n umezwaru : amedya n anasunic, anuḍaf n unasiw amaynut iteddun di XP akked Vista ɣef llsas n unicber.
Amgarad yecban wagi ɣer deffir ara ɣ-yejbed. Ayen ideg ara nebnu ɣef llsas yellan yakan, ad nekker ad nexdem llsas nniḍen yemgaraden akked umezwaru. Uguren-nni n tsefsayin ad ten-naf deg yinuḍafen... UR TFERRU ARA.
Anuḍaf n unasiw i Unicode deg uselkim
Ad d-nesmekti belli iḍrisen ara yettwaceyyɛen s Internet yelha ma ttwarun si tazwara deg uselkim s Arial Unicode MS imi ḥala tasefsit-agi n 22Mo i yellan deg yiselkimen n ddunit merra yesseqdacen Windows XP neɣ Vista i wakken ad ttwarunt tutlayin n yiɣerfan merra.
- «anasunic.exe » i Vista akked XP
Anuḍaf-agi amaynut i Vista yesdukel ula d XP. Yers ɣef llsas n unicber.msi deg wayen yerzan tarusi n yisekkilen ɣef tqeffalin n unasiw. Ayen yettwarun s umezwaru (unicber ) di XP nezmer ad t-nesseɣti, ad s-nernu, ad s-nessenɣes s unuḍaf wis sin (anasunic ) di Vista. Ayen yettwarun daɣen di Vista s (anasunic ) nezmer ad t-neqdec di XP s unicber. anasunic.exe, d anuḍaf n unasiw iteddun ɣef XP akked Vista.
1- Ad isit usenselkam snat tikkal ɣef “setup.exe”.
2- Ad isit ɣef “Close”.
D ayagi i yeḥwaǧ anasunic i wakken ad yeddu ɣef uselkim. Ad d-iban unasiw amecṭuḥ deg wadda ayeffus (neɣ azelmaḍ) n ugdil, ad yefren usenselkam tutlayt akked tsefsit, ad yebdu tira s tmaziɣt.
Tamawt :
Ma tfernem Langue d’entrée par défaut d Tamazight Unicode, ad tarum tamaziɣt akked tefransist s unuḍaf n unasiw anasunic war ma tbeddlem kra. Tzemrem ad tarum s tsefsayin Unicode akked d tid ibeddun s Amazigh - - - - yesɛan isekkilen “ɛ” akked “Ɛ” deg-sent am Amazigh Bangle, Amazigh Garamond... akked Amazigh Footlight MT Light.
- Panneau de Configuration
- Options Régionales et linguistiques
- Langues
- Détails
- Ajouter
- Langue d’entrée par défaut
Tagrayt
Deg wayen yerzan tasenselkimt, tamaziɣt tezmer ad taf ayen akk teḥwaǧ i wakken ad teddu akked tutlayin nniḍen di Internet. Anuḍaf-agi n unasiw anasunic.exe i Vista akked XP d amedya i d-yesḍehren belli ur yezmir ara ad yili wugur i tmaziɣt di Internet neɣ di tsenselkimt s umata. S yisekkilen n tlatinit, Unicode akked unuḍaf n unasiw unicber i ldint tewwura i tmaziɣt i wakken ad tekcem s amaḍal-agi n Internet akked tsenselkimt war tugdi, war leḥya, war akukru... Isnulfuyen-agi yeggten war ma yella ccwer d usteqsi -ɣas yella Facebook- ur lhin ara imi yal amaru, yal ameskar yezmer ad yefren allal amezwaru ara d-yemlil di Internet war ma yeẓra ma iwulem neɣ ala, neɣ ahat yella wayen i t-yifen. Imira, ur ilaq ara ad d-nernu i yiman-nneɣ ugur n unuḍaf n unasiw am wugur n tsefsayin. Win yebɣan anuḍaf i unasiw-is netta, yessefk ad t-id-yesnulfu ɣef llsas n umezwaru unicber.
Ad neddukel di tira, ayen yura yiwen ad t-iɣer wayeḍ ɣas yella cwiṭ n umgarad deg yilugan n tira, maca, ahat, d lawan ad dduklen ula d ilugan-agi n tira deg yiwen udlis n yiwellihen ineggura ara d-heggin yimusnawen-nneɣ... di tesdawiyin-nneɣ !...
AḌRIS 2
Tamaziɣt di Internet
Tazwart
Seg wecrured ɣer tikli. Tutlayt tamaziɣt i ɣ-d-tessaweḍ timawit, ḥerzen-tt imenza-nneɣ, qedcen-as armi qeɛden lsas i tjerrumt-is. Tajerrumt-agi n Tmaziɣt treṣṣa « kra » n ilugan n tira d ugemmay s Tlatinit, maca anadi mazal yettkemmil imi lsas n tutlayt tamaziɣt ur ɛad yerkid akken yerked lsas n tutlayin nniḍen am Tefransist neɣ Taglizit. S tjerrumt-agi, imnuda d imusnawen rran tutlayt tamaziɣt s annar n tira d teẓrigin deg wayen yeɛnan taɣamsa, idlisen, amezgun d wayen akk icudden ɣer tsekla s umata. D yiwen usurrif s wazal-is i telḥa tutlayt tamaziɣt ɣer zdat ladɣa segmi tuɣal d tutlayt taɣelnawt di tmurt-is. Yella-d ddeqs n leqdic aseklan, adelsan d uɣamsan, maca taɣult-agi n taywalt (communication) tennerna, ur tcudd ara ɣer talɣut (information) yuran ɣef lkaɣeḍ kan, banen-d wallalen (moyens) d isulal (supports) nniḍen yekksen tilisa gar tmura ; d yiwet taɣult hrawen aṭas aṭas. Di teswiɛt-agi, talɣut s tutlayt tamaziɣt yuran ɣef lkaɣeḍ, ur tesɛi ara uguren di teẓrigt imi ddeqs n wallalen i yellan, fkan nnuba i yal yiwen akken ad yaru iḍrisen-is d yedlisen-is i yiman-is ladɣa segmi tekcem tsenselkimt (informatique) s ixxamen. Skud asenselkam (informaticien) yettaru ɣef uselkim-is (ordinateur) i yiman-is, taggara n leqdic-is d akalas (enregistrement) ɣef uḍebsi aquran (disque dur) neɣ d asiggez (impression) n weḍris ɣef lkaɣeḍ akken i s-yehwa yaru-t imi yezmer ad yesseqdec tiwsatin n isekkilen (polices des caractères) neɣ tisefsayin (fonts) d wahilen (programmes) i s-yehwan. Ma yeqqen uselkim-is ɣer wiyaḍ deg uẓeṭṭa (réseau), ilugan n tira ad beddlen. Ahilen d tewsatin n isekkilen yellan deg uselkim-is yessefk ad ilin deg iselkimen merra yettwaqqnen s aẓeṭṭa. S waya, ayen yuran deg uselkim-is yezmer ad t-iɣer neɣ ad t-yeqdec deg uselkim nniḍen yeqqnen s aẓeṭṭa-nni. Ɣef waya i d-iban wugur i tutlayt tamaziɣt -am « kra » n tutlayin nniḍen- akken ad tettwaru ɣef isebtar Web di Internet imi isekkilen-is usligen (spéciaux) ur d-ddin ara di tewsatin n isekkilen n Windows, ihi ayen yuran d wayen yettwaqedcen s Tmaziɣt di yal aselkim ur yettwafraz ara deg iselkimen nniḍen : « aẓar, laṣel d tmaziɣt » ad ten-naf uran « aéar, laûel d Tmazi$t ». D wagi i d ugur n Tmaziɣt di Internet, allal-agi amaynut n taywalt ideg tutlayt tamaziɣt yessefk ad tesɛu amkan-is akken ad myefken neɣ ad msenfalen (échanger) imaziɣen, di ddunit merra, tilɣa gar-asen. Yennulfa-d Internet, yewwi aḥric ameqran deg wayen yeɛnan taywalt di ddunit merra imi tira, tugna d imesli ttruḥun seg uselkim yellan dagi di tmurt ɣer wayeḍ yellan di tmurt n Marikan di « tuqqna n tiṭ ». Internet yesseqdac isebtar Web d wengal (code) Html akken ad d-yezziken ɣef wegdil (écran) tilɣa nebɣa ad tent-ẓren yemdanen yesɛan iselkimen-nsen ttwaqnen s aẓeṭṭa-yagi agraɣlan. Tugna d imesli ur sɛin ara uguren akken ad d-rsen deg isebtar Web, maca, tira sɛant kra n ilugan yemgaraden akk d widen n tugniwin d imesla seg waken igemmayen ttemxallafen akken ttemxallafent tutlayin.
Tutlayin di Internet
Tutlayin, timura d yemdanen ttwaqqnen gar-asen s uẓeṭṭa n Internet s tɣara (manière) yesgezlen merra iberdan. Ttwaɛezlent kra n tutlayin ur nettwaqdac ara imi yella wuraw neɣ tummeẓt n tutlayin nniḍen am Teglizit, Tafransist, Talmanit neɣ Tasbenyulit i d-yekkan nnig-sent merra. Llan ddeqs n yemdanen yerran tutlayin-nsen deg yidis akken ad sqedcen tutlayin-agi i d-nebder, yal wa d tin yessen neɣ d tin yebɣa. Tutlayin n ddunit merra nneɣlent ɣef Internet am wejrad ɣef wennar n yirden, sqedcent deg-s allalen akken llan, cerwent akk ayen izemren ad d-yekk seg-s, ama yelha ama dir-it. Imira, ahat, ulac tutlayt ur nettaf ara amkan-is di Internet, ttemgaradent ḥala deg useqdec-nsent : simmal tutlayt sseqdacen-tt yemdanen, simmal tettnerni, simmal « tettɣummu » tutlayin nniḍen ; d amedya n Tenglizit neɣ Tafransist yekkan nnig tutlayin nniḍen imi ddeqs n tmura d iɣerfan i tent-yesseqdacen. S waya, yal allalen, yal tiḥiliwin d ccufat nettaf-iten di tɣara n tira n tutlayin-agi ɣef isebtar Web akken, ahat, ad ttwakksen wuguren, yeggten, izemren ad sɛekkren neɣ ad sḥebsen tiẓin n yal tutlayt ɣer zdat. Isekkilen usligen d yiwen seg wuguren yeǧǧan aṭas n tutlayin ur tent-nettaf ara di Internet imi ur llint ara d tunṣibin akken ad rrsen isekkilen n igemmayen-nsent deg wahilen akk d ittafttaren n Wegraw agraɣlan ISO, d aya iɣef ur sɛint ara allalen ilaqen akken ad ttwaqedcent di Internet. Di « teẓgi-agi » i ters tutlayt tamaziɣt ɣas akka ur ɛad yerkid lsas-is, gar « lewḥuc » i d-tḥerr amkan-is, tḥuza-d ayla-s, ɣas meẓẓi, isebtar Web yuran s tutlayt tamaziɣt uzzaren di Internet am « ibawen ɣef lluḥ ». Ayen ilaqen i tutlayin tunṣibin akken ad ttwarunt deg isebtar Web iteddu-d deg wahilen d iseɣzan am Windows. Anuḍaf (pilote) n unasiw (clavier), tiwsatin n isekkilen d wayen yerzan tajerrumt i yal tutlayt, ttbanen-d mi ara nefren tutlayt iss nebɣa ad naru ɣef uselkim di tekwat n tama tayeffust n wadda n wegdil. Imi tutlayt tamaziɣt mačči d tunṣibt, tira-s tetteḥwiǧi allalen nniḍen. Di teswiɛt-agi, alamma nessers tiwsatin n isekkilen di C:\Windows\Fonts ara nizmir ad naru, ad nɣer di Word neɣ deg isebtar Web. Nettaf daɣen di Internet iḍrisen yuran s Tmaziɣt maca deg isebtar s tmerna .pdf i d-yekkan seg useɣzan (logiciel ) Adobe Acrobat. D yiwen useɣzan yettarran isekkilen d « tugniwin », s waya, ad nɣer aḍris akken i t-yura bab-is deg uselkim-is war ma nerna neɣ nessenɣes kra seg wahilen n uselkim-nneɣ.
Talatinit
Ameslay ɣef Tlatinit ur yezmir ad d-yili war ma nenna-d tidet-agi yessefk ad ẓren kra n medden -neɣ ahat ẓran-tt, ɛemmden- yettarran timeckukal i gemmu n tutlayt tamaziɣt :
Talatinit mačči d Tarumit neɣ Tafransist. Talatinit mačči d tutlayt n « listiɛmar ». Maca, isekkilen n Tlatinit tesseqdac-iten Tefransist akken ten-tesseqdac Teglizit d ddeqs n tutlayin nniḍen ladɣa tid n tmura n l’Europe. D timura ur d-nekcim tamurt-nneɣ, ur ɣ-d-ḥettment tutlayin-nsent. Temgarad tmuɣli fkan imnuda d imusnawen imaziɣen -am Dda Lmulud- i wefran n isekkilen n Tlatinit i tira n tutlayt tamaziɣt d tmuɣli s-fkan widen yugin maḍi ad tili tira n Tmaziɣt. Di taɣult n tmusni d tussna, ḥala rray n imusnawen i yesɛan azal, d awal n widen inudan akk d tmuɣli n widen yufan i yettɛeddin zdat wawal akk d tmuɣli n widen ur nelli d imusnawen : ur nudan ur ufan, d awal war azal i sɛan. Yelha ma nessefhem-d takti, ma nessefrez tamuɣli akken ad yekkes uɣummu ɣef wayen izemren ad yili d ugur i tikli n tmaziɣt ɣer zdat. D Talatinit i d lsas n Internet imi s tutlayt taglizit i qedcen iserdasen n tmurt n Marikan asmi i t-id-snulfan di 1969, semman-as di teswiɛt-nni Arpanet, qbel ad yuɣal, imira, d aẓeṭṭa agraɣlan Internet. Talatinit d isekkilen yesɛan angal tesseqdac tsenselkimt akken ad yettwafrez ɣef wegdil wayen yura usenselkam s unasiw ɣef uselkim-is. Angalt-agi yebda si 0000 ar 007F, d win umi qqaren lsas n Tlatinit neɣ Latin de base ideg llan 127 wangalen yettunefken i yisekkilen A alamma d Z, izwilen si 0 alamma d 9 d kra usenqeḍ yecban , ; : / * - ! ’ ? ( ) … D ayagi i tetteḥwiǧi teglizit akk d widen tt-yesseqdacen akken ad arun, ad snulfun, ad nadin di yal taɣult n tudert-nsen n yal ass. Ɣef lsas-agi n Tlatinit, tella-d tmerna n wengal n ddeqs isekkilen d usenqeḍ ixulfen 127 wangalen imezwura. Nnulfan-d waggayen (groupes) imaynuten n Tlatinit akken ad ttwajemɛen deg-sen isekkilen usligen n tutlayin nniḍen yesseqdacen Talatinit ideg tettekka Tmaziɣt. Isekkilen-agi usligen d widen yesɛan tineqqiḍin neɣ tacciwin s wadda neɣ s ufella ; ur llin ara di lsas n Tlatinit.
- Aggay amezwaru yebda si 0080 ar 00FF , d timerna i Tlatinit-1 neɣ Latin-1 supplément n 127 wangalen nniḍen yettunefken i yisekkilen yecban £ § à é è â ê Ï î µ ç …
- Aggay wis sin yebda si 0100 ar 017F , d Talatinit tahrawant-A neɣ Latin étendu-A ideg llan 127 wangalen yettunefken i yisekkilen yecban Č č œ Œ Ā Ă Ċ Ī ŭ Ž …
- Aggay wis kraḍ yebda si 0180 ar 024F, d Talatinit tahrawant-B neɣ Latin étendu-B ideg llan 207 wangalen yettunefken i yisekkilen yecban Ɣ Ɛ Ǧ ǧ …
- Aggay wis kuẓ yebda si 1E00 ar 1EFF, d Talatinit tahrawant timernit neɣ Latin étendu additionnel ideg llan 255 wangalen yettunefken i yisekkilen yecban ṣ ḥ ḍ ṭ ẓ ṛ Ḍ Ṭ Ẓ Ṣ Ṛ Ḥ ...
Yella Ugemmay imsisli agraɣlan neɣ Alphabet phonétique international ideg llan sin isekkilen tesseqdac Tmaziɣt ɛ akk d ɣ, akken nezmer ad ten-naf deg ugemmay n Tegrikit yesdukklen kuẓ isekkilen Ɛ, Ɣ, ɛ, ɣ, yesɛan angalen ixulfen wid n isekkilen yellan deg waggayen nniḍen. Akka i ttleqqimen Talatinit, rennun aggayen nniḍen d isekkilen imaynuten n tutlayin tunṣibin ma ssutren imawlan-nsent ayagi i Wegraw agraɣlan yettukellfen s ccɣel-agi. Isekkilen n ugemmay n tutlayt tamaziɣt llan yakk di Tlatinit. Uzzaren ɣef kuẓ seg waggayen n Tlatinit akk d Ugemmay imsisli agraɣlan, yal asekkil s wangal-is :
ɛ : 025B, ḥ : 1E25, ṣ : 1E63, ṭ : 1E6D, ṛ : 1E5B, ǧ : 01E7,
ḍ : 1E0D, ẓ : 1E93, č : 010D, ɣ : 0263, Ɛ : 0190, Ḥ : 1E24,
Ṣ : 1E62, Ṭ : 1E6C, Ṛ : 1E5A, Ǧ : 01E6, Ḍ : 1E0C, Ẓ : 1E92, Č : 010C, Ɣ : 0194 .
Agemmay n tutlayt tamaziɣt
Agemmay n tutlayt tamaziɣt ur ɛad yerkid imi ar imira, isekkilen ɛ, ɣ ur sen-fkin ara yemnuda d imusnawen amkan i sen-iwulmen deg ugemmay, ma d ṛ , wa yesseqdac-it wayeḍ ala. Deg wedlis, deg umawal neɣ di tjerrumt, ad ten-naf ṭṭfen imukan yemgaraden akken mgaraden widen ten-yuran. Imedyaten-agi ad ɣ-d-sferzen ayagi :
** Dda Lmulud di « Tajerrumt n Tmaziɣt » :
… ǧ, ɣ, h, … q, ɛ, r, ṛ, …
di « Précis de grammaire berbère » :
a, ɛ, b, … ǧ, ɣ, h, … r, ṛ, …
** Remḍan Ɛeccab di « Tira n Tmaziɣt taqbaylit » :
a, ɛ, b, … q, ɣ, r, ṛ, …
** Ɛebdennur Ɛebdeslam di « Catégorie du vocabulaire de langue berbère » :
a, ɛ, b, … q, ɣ, r, ṛ, …
** Kamal Uzerrad di « Grammaire moderne du kabyle » :
… n, ɣ, q, r, … ɛ
** Ɛebdelḥafiḍ Idres d Rabeḥ Madi di « Dictionnaire universel bilingue » :
a, ɛ, b, … ṛ, ɣ, s, …
Llan igemmayen nniḍen yesɛan isekkilen usligen yemgaraden akk d widen n ugemmay n tutlayt tamaziɣt. Ddeqs n tutlayin nettaf-itent di Internet war ugur ɣas akken igemmayen-nsent sɛan isekkilen usligen. Ma nerra awelleh ɣer igemmayen-agi n Tlatinit ad naf belli ḥala agemmay n tutlayt taglizit i ur nesɛi ara isekkilen s usenqeḍ, s tecraḍ neɣ s tacciwin s wadda neɣ s ufella, igemmayen nniḍen akk sɛan-ten :
* Agemmay n tutlayt taglizit :
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
* Agemmay n tutlayt talmanit :
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ß ä ö ü
* Agemmay n tutlayt tamaziɣt :
a ɛ b c č d ḍ e f g ǧ h ḥ i j k l m n q r ɣ s ṣ t ṭ u w x y z ẓ
* Agemmay n tutlayt tafransist :
a à â b c ç d e é ê ë è f g h i î ï j k l m n o ô ö œ p q r s t u ù û v w x y z
Imira, mi nufa d akken agemmay n tutlayt tamaziɣt ur izad ur yenɣis, ur ɣezzif ur gezzil, akken llan igemmayen nniḍen n Tlatinit i yella ula d netta, ihi ugur n Tmaziɣt yella anda nniḍen. Tamaziɣt ur telli ara d tunṣibt... Ɣef waya i ur tt-nettaf ara di tekwat n tutlayin deg wadda ayeffus n wegdil : ad naf «Fr» n Tefransist, «En» n Teglizit, «De» n Talmanit…«Ar» n Taɛrabt, maca sin isekkilen-nni n Tamaziɣt ulac-iten. Ɣef waya, ahat, d agemmay i d aɣbel amezwaru n yemnuda d imusnawen... akken ad yekcem s Agraw aglaɣlan (ISO) d iseɣzan merra s yisem n « Tamazight » mačči « Français (tamazight unicode) », ad yesɛu sin isekkilen-is di tekwat n tutlayin deg wadda ayeffus n wegdil, ad ddun isekkilen-is usligen di tsefsayin n C:\Windows\Fonts).
Anasiw d tewsatin n isekkilen (tisefsayin)
Am akken neẓra yakk, deg uselkim, ula amek tili tira war ma nesseqdec tiwsatin n isekkilen. D tira n ufus, d tira n ccbaḥa d uzewweq, d tiden n wezwel, zurit neɣ rqiqit, yal nnber n tira yesɛa tawsit neɣ tiwsatin n isekkilen i s-iwulmen. Ggtent u mgaradent tewsatin n isekkilen akken ggten u mgaraden isenselkamen. Yal yiwen yettak i tnalyin (touches) n unasiw isekkilen i s-yehwan imi ur llin ara ilugan deg wayagi. Yal aḍris yuran, mi yeffeɣ seg uselkim n win i t-yuran, yessefk ad ddunt yid-s tewsatin n isekkilen iss yettwaru, ma ulac-itent, aḍris-nni ur yettwafraz ara imi win ara t-yeɣren, ahat, ur tent-yesɛi ara (tiwsatin n isekkilen) iss yettwaru di tazwara. Amgarad-agi yellan di trusi n isekkilen ɣef unasiw, d win izemren ad d-yesnulfu ddeqs n wuguren ara yesɛewqen tira i yal yiwen yebɣan ad yelmed tira n tutlayt tamaziɣt. Ggten wallalen, ggten leryuy. Ddeqs n leqdic ameqqran i d-yellan deg waṭas n tɣula (domaines) yerzan tudert n wemdan n yal ass, maca yal leqdic s wallalen-is, yal ccɣel ala bab-is i izemren a t-yefrez imi yal yiwen yesnulfuy-d allalen i yiman-is yerna yettaǧǧa-ten ffren ur ten-yemmal ula i yiwen. Yal tikkelt ideg ara d-yeẓreg wedlis, yessefk ad iɛiwed tira s wallalen d tewsatin n isekkilen imaynuten imi aqbur yeffer, amaynut ur d-iban ara. Imira, isekkilen usligen n ugemmay n tutlayt tamaziɣt uɣalen s wangal-nsen, yessefk ad d-ddun di tewsatin n isekkilen yesseqdac Windows. Tiwsatin-agi n isekkilen ur ttilint ara (ɣas ma llant ur yelli uɣilif) s yisem n Amazigh Arial.ttf , Amazigh Times New Roman.ttf neɣ Amaziɣ Bangle.ttf maca ad ilint s yisem n Arial.ttf, Bangle.ttf d Times New Roman.ttf ideg ara naf isekkilen n ddeqs n igemmayen n tutlayin yesseqdacen tiwsatin-agi n isekkilen s wefran n tutlayt di tekwat n wadda ayeffus n wegdil. Afran-agi n tutlayt ad yessiweḍ Windows akken ad d-yessali yal ahil d yal anuḍaf teḥwaǧ tutlayt-nni yettwafernen akken ad tettwaru akken iwata lḥal. S waya, ad naru yiwen weḍris s yiwet tewsit n isekkilen ara yilin deg iselkimen merra imi di Windows i d-tedda, maca s snat neɣ kraḍ tutlayin ɣef yiwen webrid (Tamaziɣt, Tafransist d Teglizit).
Tira n tmaziɣt
Imira tella tjerrumt, tella tseftit (conjugaison), tafyirt (phrase) tfeṣṣel d ameggay (sujet), amyag (verbe) d usemmad (complement). Ilugan n tjerrumt rrsen. S waya, iban yisem seg wemyag, tban tenzeɣt (préposition) si tzelɣa (particule), iban umernu (adverbe) seg wemqim (pronom), iban ilelli seg umaruz (lié ) akken iban wusrid (direct) seg warusrid (indirect). Nezmer ad d-nini belli, imira, ccɣel yeɛnan tajerrumt d tseftit « yeddez yebrez »… MACA, amek ara naru aggur aneggaru n useggas : buǧember, dujember, duǧember neɣ dujenbir ? Amek ara naru cwiṭ i d-nekkes seg waṭas : tikkist neɣ tukkist ? Amek ara naru ayen yeḍran : ineḍrayen neɣ ineḍruyen ? Amek ara naru taqsiṭ gezzilen : tullizt neɣ tulist ? Amḍal neɣ amaḍal ?... Yal imeɣri yezmer ad yefren yiwen seg-sen imi imeslayen-agi « ṣeḥḥan » yakk, llan daɣen ddeqs n wiyaḍ yettwarun s snat neɣ ugar tɣura nettaf-iten deg wedlis, di tesɣent deg weɣmis d teẓrigin tunṣibin. Imeslayen ggten, taɣara n tira mačči yiwet. Imeslayen la d-ttnulfun, taɣara n tira temgarad, anamek daɣen. Ansi i d-yekka waya ? Acuɣer yella waya ? Amek armi ulac ayen ara iqeṭṭben leqdic-agi ? Akken llan «wuguren d tmeckukal » deg unasiw, deg ugemmay d tewsatin n isekkilen, i llan wiyaḍ di tira n kra n wawalen n tutlayt tamaziɣt. Taɣara n tira n wawalen, neɣ ayen umi qqaren s Tefransist l’orthographe, teggra-d d ugur imi tettemgarad tira n imeslayen seg «waggay» ɣer wayeḍ, seg wemdan ɣer wayeḍ, tikwal si temnaṭ ɣer tayeḍ… Ula deg yiwen usefru neɣ deg yiwen weḍris, amedyaz neɣ amyaru ad yesseqdec yiwen wawal ara yaru s snat tɣura yemgaraden war ma yerra lwelha-s s ayagi. Bɣiɣ a d-iniɣ « yal wa yettaru akken i s-yehwa », war lsas ula deg wayen ara yaru wemdan i yiman-is. Maca, ur ilaq ara ad nettu belli ulac idlisen iwulmen, ulac leqdic lqayen, «ahat» ula d anadi deg weḥric-agi n tutlayt ulac-it, cwiṭ yellan, mačči yakk medden i t-yeẓran, yeffer, yeḥrez-it bab-is i yiman-is. Ayen nettaf deg imawalen ur yettɛawan ara imyura d imeɣriyen. Deg umedya n unamek n wawal espérer ad naf «suggem, sugem » ; i unamek n wawal espoir ad naf «asfillet, asffilet ». Anwa ara neddem, anwa ara neǧǧ ? Leqdic i d-yessuffɣen imawalen-agi yella-d war ccwer gar yemnuda d imusnawen. Yal yiwen iqeddec i yiman-is. At weswir ɛlayen llan, maca, « ttemqamaren » gar-asen, yal yiwen deg-sen lemmer yettaf ḥala tiktiwin-is d wayen yettaru ara sseqdacen medden. Imi aẓrag yella, yal wa yesɛedday tira n imeslayen-is war ma yezzi tamuɣli-s ɣer wid yellan am netta, qeddcen ula d nitni am netta, ahat d ayen xedmen nitni umi ara iɛiwed. Lemmer ttgerrizen anadi, lemmer ttemcawaren, lemmer ttemlilin... Amgarad gar imusnawen d yemnuda d ussnan, d ayen yelhan maca ur ilaq ara ad yili gar imeskaren d yemyura. S ilugan d iwellihen n imusnawen i ttarun imeskaren. Yeṭṭef-as inijjel tacḍat, yufa-tt d ssebba i tɣimit. Akken i s-yehwu yili lḥal, mačči d uguren-agi ara ɣ-yesḥebsen ɣef tira d tɣuri. Tira ad d-tili ɣas txuṣ. Ɣas ulamma ugur yettak-aɣ i wayeḍ maca anda tekres ad tefsi, anda yella weɣbel ad t-nekkes. Leqdic yellan d abay deg wedrar neɣ d timeqwa di lebḥer, aṭas i d-mazal n tikli i tutlayt-nneɣ, maca ayen yettwaqedcen yessefk ad yaf win ara t-ijemɛen akken ur nettɛawad ara iẓid i weclim. Ahat ula deg weḍris-agi llan imeslayen ur nuri ara akken ten-tebɣam, neɣ akken tennumem tettarum-ten... !
Tifrat n Unicode
War ma nekcem deg usefhem lqayen, war ma nudder-d amezruy n tsenselkimt, nezmer ad d-nini belli Unicode d angal yettunefken i yal asekkil n ugemmay n yal tutlayt di ddunit merra. Imi Imaziɣen llan ula d nitni di ddunit-agi, isekkilen n ugemmay n tutlayt-nsen sɛan nitni daɣen angal-nsen akken ten-sɛan isekkilen n igemmayen n tutlayin nniḍen. S useqdec n Unicode, ad tbeddel tɣara n tira seg wakken tella imira ɣer tɣara tamaynut.
* Taqburt, d tarusi n kra n isekkilen n ugemmay n tutlayt tamaziɣt deg wemkan n isekkilen nniḍen ur tesseqdac ara tmaziɣt d ayen ara ɣ-d-yefken « sin isekkilen, yiwen wengal ». Yal asenselkam yesɛan kra n wahilen yecban « Fontmaker » yezmer ad ibeddel isekkilen yecban « é, è, ç, à, v, o, p, â » s isekkilen n Tmaziɣt « ẓ, Ẓ, č, Č, ḍ, ǧ, tt, ɛ ». Ayagi d leqdic n tmara i d-yekkan si lḥir i ɣ-irekben akken ad naru tutlayt-nneɣ d wayen i ɣ-d-ǧǧan imenza-nneɣ. D nitni i ɣ-yennan : akken i tt-yewɛa wuccen iɣeẓẓ-itt. Tura s Unicode, taswiɛt tbeddel s ayen yelhan i Tmaziɣt.
* Tamaynut, d tarusi n isekkilen-agi deg wemkan-nsen, d ayen ara ɣ-d-yefken « yiwen usekkil, yiwen wengal». D angal sɛan isekkilen-nneɣ usligen i yerran Unicode d allal iss nezmer ad naru s Tmaziɣt di Internet imi tawsit n isekkilen Arial Unicode MS tetteddu-d di Windows 2000 d XP izemren i useqdec n Unicode mačči am Windows 95 neɣ 98.
Maca kra n wuguren i nessen, i neẓra, zemren ad sɛekkren leqdic. D uguren ur nelli ara di Unicode s timmad-is, maca d uguren i d-snulfuyen iqeddacen ur « netcawar», ur nettnadi ɣef wayen yellan d wayen yettwaqedcen. Akken ad naru ẓ, ṭ, ṣ, ḍ, ǧ, ḥ, č, ṛ yessefk ad nesseqdec tinalyin n isekkilen-agi z, t, s, d, g, h, c, r akk d yiwet si tnalyin n tmerna umi qqaren la touche morte. Anta deg-sent ara nefren akken ad naru akken iwata lḥal ? Kra n win ara d-yesnulfun anuḍaf n unasiw yezmer ad yefren tanalt i s-yehwan gar «Ctrl», «Alt», «Alt Gr» d «^». Isekkilen ɣ d ɛ rsen deg wemkan n q d w, maca llan widen ten-isersen deg wemkan n r d a. Ad tuɣal tanalt n «r» s kraḍ isekkilen : r, ṛ, ɣ ma d tanalt n «a» s kraḍ isekkilen ula d nettat : a, â, ɛ. Taswiɛt-agi d anuḍaf n unasiw unicber (INALCO) akk d Arial Unicode MS i nesseqdac akken ad d-naru di Internet. S wallalen-agi ara nɣer Tamaziɣt di Internet d iḍrisen mačči d tugniwin mačči s «.pdf », amedya n www.imyura.net, www.tamazgha.fr... neɣ www.racines-izuran.com. Tawsit n isekkilen-agi tesɛa azal n 22Mo, ugar n 50000 d asekkil, maca tezmer ad tennefsusi neɣ ad tifsus, ugar n wezgen i izemren ad s-yettwakkes alamma qqimen-d deg-s isekkilen n Tlatinit kan ideg llan widen n Tmaziɣt. Yal tutlayt neɣ aggay n tutlayin yezmer ad yili s isekkilen-is deg yiwet tsefsit ara d-yeddun deg iseɣzan yecban Windows neɣ wid n tira yecban MS office. Akken yessefk ad nnefsusint tewsatin n isekkilen Unicode i yessefk ad ggtent u ad d-ddunt deg iseɣzan merra. Ilaq ad naf di Windows\Fonts tiwsatin n isekkilen Unicode yecban Times New Roman, Bangle, Courier New, Century Schoolbook… ideg llan isekkilen n ugemmay n tutlayt tamaziɣt. Asmi ara d-nnulfunt tewsatin n isekkilen d unuḍaf n unasiw, asmi ara msefhamen fell-asen yemnuda d imusnawen, assen, ad d-yennulfu unasiw s isekkilen n Tmaziɣt, d anasiw ara yesseqdec kra n win yettarun s tmaziɣt… simi ara d-yennulfu useɣzan ara yilin akk s tmaziɣt... mačči d awezɣi maca mačči imira.
Di taggara
Ulac ugur ameqqran izemren ad yesɛeṭṭel anekcum n tutlayt tamaziɣt, s tɣara tunṣibt, ɣer uẓeṭṭa agraɣlan yesduklen akk timura n ddunit imi tella yakan deg isura, deg umezgun, di teẓrigin d tsekla s umata. Allalen llan i waya. D imdanen neɣ d tamusni, mačči deg-sen i yella lexṣaṣ, mačči deg-sen i yella wugur yekkaten tutlayt tamaziɣt di tikli-ines ɣer zdat. Maca yella wayen nniḍen : seg win i tt-yugin ɣer win i tt-yugaden ɣer win i tt-ikukran, yal yiwen seg-sen acu n tesrafin i yeɣɣaz i tutlayt tamaziɣt akken ad teɣli deg-sent i lebda neɣ akken ad yesɛeṭṭel kan tikli-s d unerni-s akken ad teqqim kan deg weswir-ines amezwaru. Ulamma di teswiɛt-agi ideg nella ur d-yegri nnker ur d-tegri tatut seg wakken Tamaziɣt d tutlayt taɣelnawt iteddun ɣer tenṣeb. Wa yebɣa tamaziɣt akken i s-yehwu tili, wa yebɣa-tt ɣas txuṣ cwiṭ, wayeḍ lemmer yettaf ad tif tutlayin nniḍen. Kra bɣan-tt ad tettwaru s Taɛrabt. Yal yiwen iqeddec akken llant tektiwin-is akken tella tmusni-s. Tikwal nettɛuddu d ayen yelhan i nexdem, alamma iban-aɣ-d wayen nniḍen, d ayen umi ur nḥezzeb ara. D uguren d iɣeblan i nezmer a nezgel lemmer netcawar wiyaḍ. Neqqar wa ijebbed wa ikerref, tutlayt tamaziɣt ad txelleṣ timenqas-nneɣ, ttnefxa-nneɣ d zzux-nneɣ… Yal yiwen yebɣa Tamaziɣt-agi akken i s-tehwa, akken tt-iwala akken i s-yezmer, ma yella wayen ixuṣṣen ur t-yessutur ara, isenyaf ad yeqqim akken wala ad inadi afus n lemɛawna. Di taggara, tutlayt tamaziɣt d ugemmay-is ur sɛin lɛib, ur xuṣṣen ur zaden. Llan akken llan igemmayen d tutlayin yesseqdacen Talatinit di ddunit merra.


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Tagrawt tanagdudt n GICA tewwi-d, deg Yulyu, aselkin n tulut n uzrak n tegna tuṛufiyin (CE) i kraḍ n wazunen n usiman d-yettwaɣrafen deg tineɣreft n Ɛin Lekbira (Sḍif). Aselkin-a tessuffeɣ-t-id Tiddukla Tafṛansit n Usegnu (AFNOR), ɣef leḥsab n uɣbalu-a.
Isimanen-a d « GICA moudhad », « GICA abiṭun » CEM II /A6 L 42.5 N akked « GICA abiṭun » CEM II /A6L 42.5 R.
Akaz-a yella-d deffir ma sfeqden isimanen-a i tallit n 20 n wayyuren, ɣef wakken ay d-yenna ulɣu-a ay d-yernan dakkenn tameṛka tuṛufit n CE d tin ara yeǧǧen GICA ad tesdus adeg-nnes deg Tuṛuft deffir ma tudef yakan ɣer Ṭṭalyan, Spenyul d Briṭanya Tameqrant.
Aselkin-a yusa-d daɣ deffir uselkin n tulut i tegna n American Petroleum Institute (API) yerzan asiman apitṛulan yettwasseqdacen deg ugzum n tmerɣa, d win ay d-tewwi GICA deg 2019.
Ɣef leḥsab n ulɣu-a, asiman apitṛulan n GICA d win yessedwaten asuter aɣelnaw n 200.000 n yiṭunen, deg wakud aydeg, naqal, asiman-a tella tettaǧew-it-id Zzayer.

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


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Nasa zi merra manaya, txes ad taweḍ ad d-terr x ijjen useqsi : Ma din tili can tudert ca n wass x watri-ya ? S tidet, lux, wḍen-d ca n ifuṭuten d imezwura zi rrubu-ya i din sekken ɣer Mares.
Nasa tiweḍ deg wass n lexmis 18 Febrayer ad tessers rrubu n n « Perseverance» (amkabar) x Mares. D rrubu wis xemsa i yewwḍen ad isafar bla ma ad din yili ca n wemxumbel. Maca awettas amezwaru i yeggin ḥuma ad afen, deg iseggusa i d-igguren. Ca n tmitar n tudert d taqdimt x watri-ya azeggaɣ. « Hekku idettet » D manaya ig inna, ɣer tseɛɛet n 21h : 55 (taseɛɛet n Paris), Swati Mohan, deg ulabu manis ttkunṭrulan timeslayin zi Kalifurniya.
Iɣuyyan lefraḥet dduqqẓen deg usalun n ukunṭrul. Waxxa taseḍma n midden i yeḥḍaren wer tt-ttuɣi am lebda di ca n wass d ameqqran am wanita, alaḥsab Covid 19. Nasa awern-as nican tegga ijjen usiweḍ, akid-s tnayen n ifuṭuten,isewwar-iten-d urubu-nni deg wemkan-nni mani ieḍra. « Azul a ddunect. Ha lxezrat-inu tamezwarut x taddart i ɣa yilin inu i lebda ». D tanita d ttwit i tegga Nasa, akid-s tnayen n ifuṭuten s ucemlal d uberkan, nettwala akid-sen ula d tili n rrubu x ucal.
Arrayes n Umarikan Joe Biden iḥeyya hekku « amezruyan », iwekked x « tnezmart n tussna » d « tiɣist n Imarikaniyen ». Lxedmet-a i tegga Nasa, tɣasṭar x-as ca n 2.5 melyar dular. Xsen ad d-rren x ijjen useqsi : Ma ad din tili ca n tudert, ca n wass x watri-ya ?
Rrubu Amarikani Perseverance, d ijjen twiza d temɛawant d tamaḍlant, d rrubu-ya ameqqran uddis, ittwassekken ɣer Mares. Iweḍ ɣer Mares ɣer jjwayeh-nni n lɛecra s lweqt n Paris. Zegga issers tijerrarin x watri-ya azeggaɣ awerni ijjen sebɛa n tminutin n tigg°di. Minzi rrubu immutti zi tazzla n 20000 km/h ɣer tazzla n ziru.
« D ijjen lxedmet n gruppu tecna s waṭṭas, neccin nettɛeffar zzag-s. Manaya i nettedder akidwem d teycatin snehzzant wul ». D manaya ig inna Emmanuel Macron, i tseḍma n Cnes i tuɣa i njemɛen di Paris. D nitni zyenfan wami wwḍen ɣer min xsen.
Rrubu n Perserverance yiwwi akid-s ijjen kamira qqaren-as SuperCam. D ijjen yimis Afranku-mirikan i yettwaxdmen di CNRS d CNES di lxedmet-a ta.
Tala: Lefigaro aked AFP


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Ict tkemmict n yewdan, ttuɣa tsaran x Playa n Miksik, ẓrin min wer ẓrin ɛemmers. Terɣa tfawt d tazegzawt deg waman, ad as tinid d ca n llambat n LED. Manaya mamek tettɛawaden nitnin, d mamec nnan jurnalat n Miksiku, ktar zi 60 n iseggusa wer yemser. Ttwalan belli yewqaɛ, minzi Covid-19 yessagʷej iwdan x lebḥer kṭa zi cehar.
Aplaktun d Arbiɛ n lebḥer i yejjin Playa ad tlellec
Urar‑a n tfawin i xef dawem‑dd nura, yemser azɣat, 21. Abrir 2020, di Playa n Puerto Marques. Atiɣ tettseqsid mayemmi lebḥer yerɣa? Minzi minen din aṭṭas n imudder d imeẓẓyanen, tamunit din ggin tetteg ijjen ufinumin qqaren‑as imussnawen tifawin n tudert „Bioluminescence“.
Ibeɛɛac nni imeẓẓyanen deg waman sekkan ca n cciɛ ireqq, cciɛ nni itreẓẓa deg waman, uca itegg tfawt tazegzawt.Di Playa n Acapulco Arbiɛ n lebḥer d uplanktun i yejjin ass nni ad ilellec lebḥer, ad yirḍ azegza.


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Deg yiwet n tdiwennit d Tnegga n Yisalan n Zzayer i lmend n umulli wis 61 n tmettant-nnes deg yimenɣi, amjahed Mahmoud AIssa El-Bey, gma-s n umeɣrus Khaled Aissa El-Bey, yeɣlin deg yiger n yiseɣ ɣer 20 n yiseggasen ɣer yidis n Uknaner Djilali Bounaama, iwekked-d dakken aneggaru-a yella yesseḥbibir akken ad yeḍmen asileɣ n tɣara ama seg yidis aredsan, ama seg yidis asertan niɣ adiplumati i wakk imjahden, ladɣa wid ay yellan bɣan ad alin ɣer udrar.
Amjahed El-Bey (84 n yiseggasen) yenna-d dakken Ssi Muḥemmed, ay ilulen de 1926, yella yettwasseqneɛ dakken ala tigawt taredsant, tasertant d tdiplumatit yeddukklen ara izemren ad tessiweḍ Zzayer ɣer uzarug.
Seg yidis niḍen, yenna-d dakken adeg aydeg ttwameḍlen gma-s Khaled Aissa, Djilali Bounaama d wakk imeɣrusen ay yemmuten ɣer yidisan-nsen werɛad ur t-id-kcifen ara yiduba ifṛansiyen, yernu yesḥassef imi ar ass-a werɛad yettwassen.
Ma d amjahed d ufesyan aqbur n Tredsa n Uslelli Aɣelnaw deg temnaḍt n Leblida, Si Maamar Djgaguen, iwekked-d dakken Djilali Bounaama yella d « argaz abɣas, d amesferfan amekdi yernu d amalway n tidet ».
Djilali Bounaama yeṭṭef Tawilayt Tis IV Tamezruyant deg tegnit d « taweɛṛant » akken kan ay d-yettwasummed ɣef yiɣef-nnes, yernu yesmuteg-d aɣawas n usileɣ n yimjahden ara izemren ad gen tuɣdaḍin deg uzɣar, sakkin, ayyur seg wasmi ay yettwasnes uɣawas-a, bdan ttaṭṭafen-d yiɣellaten n twilayt imrigen seg Lalman, Ṭṭalyan d Čikusluvakya, ɣef wakken ay d-yenna.
Yerna-d umjahed-a dakken Djilali Bounaama yella yesɛa azrak d ameqran i waggagen yernu yella ur yettkukru ara ad ten-iciweṛ i tira n yiḍrisen i Tegrawla niɣ tibṛatin i tannayt tanagdut, am wakken ay d-yerna dakken ameɣrus-a yurar « tamlilt d tameqrant » deg usgerɣel n temsalt tazzayrit s yinermisen ay yella yesɛa-ten d yineɣmasen iwerdaniyen.
D aɣella aredsan, d asertay yeggucclen
Arr n Waresnis yerra Tawilayt Tis IV Tamezruyant d tamegdelt ur yezmir ad tt-yadef usehras afṛansi, yernu deffir ma yeqqel d afesyan aredsan, yessers tiyunin n tyita ɣef tlisa n twilayt-a.
Uqbel ma yuli ɣer udrar, yudef ɣer Umussu i Unalak n Tlelliyin Timegdayin, sakkin yudef ɣer Tuddsa Tuzzigt.
Yeqqim d urmid deg tsertit yernu yessuddes, deg 1951, asunded amatu n yimnaɣzen ay yeqqimen semmus n wussan. Yuɣ lḥal, tagnit taweɛṛant aydeg tedder twacult-nnes d tin ay t-iḥettmen ad yeǧǧ aɣerbaz ɣef zik lḥal akken ad imahel deg unaɣez.
Mi yenker Umgaru n Uslelli Aɣelnaw, Djilali Bounaama yudef ɣer Terni n Uslelli Aɣelnaw yernu, deg 1957, yettwasmel d amenzaḍ n Wasun Wis III n Twilayt Tis IV Tamezruyant.
Aseggas sakkin, yeqqel d amaslaḍ deg Useqqamu n Twilayt Tis IV s yisem-nnes d aɣella aredsan ɣer yidis n Ssi Mhamed Bouguerra.
Mi yemmut Ssi Mhamed Bouguerra, yeɣlin deg yiger n yiseɣ, Aknaner Djilali Bounaama ikemmel, ɣer yidis n Ssi Ṣaleḥ, yessefrak Tawilayt Tis IV.
Sakkin, yessuddes timhal tiredsanin ay yefkan ixeṣṣaren d imeqranen i usehras afṛansi, ama seg yidis n tenga, ama seg yidis n yiserdansen, yernu yefren tamdint n Leblida, yellan deg wul n Mettijet, akken ad yessers ansa n unzaḍ n twilayt-a.
Ula ma imawlan-nnes ttwenɣen, gma-s ameqran yettwabeẓ yernu tessedrem-asen tredsa tafṛansit axxam-nsen s tin n ttaṛ, Ssi Muḥemmed ikemmel amennuɣ-nnes i tlelli d uzarug n Zzayer armi d asmi ay yeɣli deg yiger n yiseɣ ass n 8 Ɣuct 1961, asmi ay d-tufa tredsa tafṛansit ansa-nnes n unzaḍ.
Aknaner yeɣli deg yiger n yiseɣ ɣer yidis n Khaled Aissa Bey, Abdelkader Ouadel d Mustapha Naimi, deffir ma yella-d yimenɣi d ukriḍ mgal tyunt taredsant tuzzigt n Kuṛsika ay d-uznen s ddemma akken ad tenɣ tagrawt-a, deg wakud aydeg Mohamed Teguia d Mohamed Boumehdi ttwabẓen.
Djilali Bounaama, d asertay yeggucclen, yedrew deg usuddes n tmeskanin n 11 Dujembeṛ 1960 deg Temdint n Zzayer yellan, deg tallit-nni, teqqen ɣer Twilayt Tis IV.
Deg 2016, ssersen-as asebdad n ubṛubz deg Bab Zzayer, deg tlemmast n temdint n Leblida, i lmend n umulli wis 55 n tmettant-nnes.


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Aɣilas
Aɣilas (Assaɣ ussnan: Panthera pardus) d yiwet n telmest seg twacult n tserɣuda yakk d aserɣud ameẓyan deg 4 n telmas yeṭṭafaren tawsit n iɣilasen (acku izem, Aksel d ujagwar id t-yugaren)
Idgan n tudert[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Yettidir uɣilas deg Tefrikt s anẓul n tneẓruft tameqrant d kra n yidgan deg Asya n wenẓul d usamar anda llan-t kra n tegdudin timeẓyanin deg Pakistan d Lhend d Indunisya d ccinwa alama d uneẓul n Tzunegzirt taserɣint seld mi tella tmezduɣt-is seg Kurya ar Tafriqt n wenẓul anect-a yeṭṭuɣal ar tuget ugmar-is, Dɣa tiddukla tagreɣlant i taggaẓt n tgama yessismil-d aɣilas d akken-it d talmest yudsen ar umihi n wengar


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Melmi d manis i dd-tebda tudert twalat tamezgarut? Ɛad wer nessin nican. Imerzuten ggin tizemmar ad allɣn di lebḥur. Dewlen di trezzut‑nsen x weẓwar n tudert ɣer 3.5 milyar n iseggusa. Maca llan ca zag‑sen, qqaren aqa atiɣ d iṣefḍawen zeg ujenna i tt-dd‑yiwyen. Ass-a nixḍer‑dd rebɛa n tɣuriwin i yennan : Ammu i tebda tudert.
Tiẓri 1: Lebḥer aqdim.
Tamurt, 4 milyar n iseggusa zggami, teccur s iburkanen (Vulkan), deɛɛqen s tmessi, deḥḥan d igazen ɣer ujenna. Zi twala ɣer tenniḍen, ttuɣa ttemsarent laksidat n isefḍawen aked tmurt. Ccaten di lebḥurat, tterran‑ten ttextuxen. Deg wallaɣ n lebḥar, din iḥubaḍ mɣern, tekka‑dd zag‑sen tmessi.
Dag‑sen igazen d lmeɛden, ijjen chimyu yessur, akd lweqt mkur twalat tefɣend zzag‑s ca n leɛjubat. Ar mani d banent tsilulin (cellule) timezgura yeddren, i yebdan ad ṭewwrent ad arnint di tudert.
Tteḥqiq x tiẓri‑ya, belli tudert tebda di rallaɣ n lebḥer, di min yudsen leḥmu. Ijjen uklasi n baktirya umi qqarn « Archaea » niɣ bakteria yarcan. Marra iklusa n ibaktiryen yellan, ntaf‑iten deg aman id yekkin x lefḥem, di tḥemmant, niɣ lallaɣ n lebḥer.
Tiẓri 2: Taḥrirt n zik!
« Tiẓri n teḥririn » zi tɣuriwin yettwassnen x beddu n tudert sennej i tmurt. deg 1953 iḥeyyeḥ zag‑s umeḥḍar ucimi Stanley Lloyd Miller, s ca n tɛayarin (experiments) sehlent.
Istextex aman deg yijjen uṭubu n zzaj ‑ zɛma d Lebḥer amezgaru‑, Lefwar-nni yessur aked gaz n methan, amunyak (ammonia), d uhidrujin (hydrogen), ijjen teḥrirt terwes tenni i ggin iburkanen imezgura di tmurt.
Taḥrirt-nni, yessuneḍ‑itt s yijjen upistun, aked yijjen n elektrod ittegg massa. Zeɛma d ajjaj d uṣemmid d min das‑dd-yennḍen i tmurt. Trisinti-nni tessiwed taḥrirt ad tennerwi ad tegg ijjen « Reaction » i das‑dd ɣa yejjen asiḍu‑amin, i yellan d ddsas n tudert.
Aɛayar‑a i yegga Miller, d ijjen uṣurif yemɣer di trezzut x beddu n tudert. Mamek ittegg aṣudu‑amin yettedwar d tasilult tedder, ɛad wer yessin ra d ijjen.
Tizri 3: d isefḍawen i umi ɣa tqad!
Tizri n « Panspermia », (Tlatinit: πavσπepuίa panspermía, zi πᾶv pãn „kulcci“ d σπέpua spérma „zzerriɛet/aɛeqqa“. Teqqar belli tudert wer dd-tebdi amenni waha, maca zeg ujenna i dd-tusa. Iṣefḍawen zemmren ad ilin d nitnin i dd‑yessiwḍen imezgura n ibaktiryen i di tella tudert. Aɣyay n yesfeḍ, dag‑s aḍfel. Dag‑s zemmrent ad ilin tibaktiryatin xemmlent, ffrent zeg iṣeḍya n yetran ineqqen.
Tarzutin i ɣa yilin di ladas deg iṣefḍawen d min dag-sen ɣer daxel‑nsen. d tinni i ɣa yekksen afrag x tiẓri‑ya, ma d tidet? Imussnawen ttwalan belli deg uɛeqqa n yeṣfeḍ, din timeslayin xemmlent zi mani yexleq usistim‑a n tfukt i di nella.
Ula d tiẓri‑ya wer tufi ca mamek tebda tudert, maca terẓem tiwura i trezzutin nniḍn.
D Uksijin i tt-yeggin!
Amezruy n tmurt yebda ad yari ixf‑nnes qbel i 2.5 milyar n iseggusa zeg wami: Mani i dd-iban uksijin di lhawa n tmurt, i daneɣ-itticcen ɣer wass-a minzi nedder.
Milyar n iseggusa awarn i beddu n lexliqat timzgura, bakteria n Cyano (Cyanobacteria) d tenni i ɣa iḍebbren deg imal n tmurt. Tisilulin‑a timeẓẓyanin, ggint tfawrt d ameɛɛec-nsent (Photosynthesis/ asaseq n tfawt). Afraḍ-nsent yeffeɣ‑dd d uksijin.
Cyanobakterya d min dd-terxu d afraḍ di lhawa (uksijin), i yucin tudert di lhawa n tmurt. Ɣer‑s ass-a, axumus (1/5) n lhawa-nneɣ d uksijin. Marra nessen belli bla netta, wer telli tudert. Ataf aqqa-neɣ ɛad d ibaktiryen waha!


text:
arebrabN.M [arevrav]
terroriste
terrorist
إرهابي
Flexions arebrabyirebraben arebrab urebrab irebraben tarebrabt trebrabt tirebrabin trebrabin
Phrases avec le mot arebrab
Ussan nni imezwura i texla taddart, iɣli d fell-asen urebrab ameqran .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]
Iɣli-d urebrab di lǧamaɛ nni deg llan zik ttqessiren deg yiḍ mar ad yili yugar usemmiḍ di tejmaɛt .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]
Ussan teddun, Tasaɛdit yuli-tt urebrab n tsusmi, tekkes taḍsa nni, yekkes unecreḥ nni i nnumen at wexxam .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]


text:
Imezdaɣ n ddcar n « Tcumbira » ittwaḥsaben x Ayt Buyefrur (jjihet n Nnaḍur), ffɣen sɣuyyun x ijjen fabrika n plastik ittwaggen zzat i ddcar-nnsen.
Fabrika-ya tettegg aṭṭas n yemxumbal i seḥḥet n imezdaɣ d iḥenjiren imeẓẓyanen.
Fabrika min xef tenna Nadorcity ila tettwagg dinni amenni waha di ddcar, d tenni iԑernen imezdaɣ a x-as sɣuyyen bac ad kksen leḍruriyet-nnes x seḥḥet n yemzdaɣ d twennaḍt.
Imezdaɣ iwwḍen ad ggen ijjen ubeddi, wami sbedden ijjen texzamt, awern-as usin-d ijadarmiyen d lqayed bac ad asen-kksen taxzamt-nni.
Tettren imezdaɣ n ddcar n “Tcumbira” imḍebbren bac a x-asen kksen leḍruriyet; zegga ttuɣa tettwagg fabrika ijemmԑen plastik, uca sfessayen-t, min itteggen aṭṭas n yemxumbal s ikemmuḍen-nni.
Min ittejjan imezdaɣ d tarwa-nnsen ttcemman ddexxan-nni n plastik i dasen-itteggen imxumbal d imeqqranen di seḥḥet.
Tnayen iseggusa zi mani tamesmunt n “Itri” tettegg tizemmar bac ad tettwakkes fabrika-ya maca walu, sekken ijjen ucetki ɣer Lԑamil n Nnaḍur, bla ma ad ibeddel walu.
Fabrika ittreddajen sseḥḥet n imezdaɣ, thekkwa x twennaḍt d tikulujit n ddcar-a i yudsen i lɣabet, imḍebbren ar lux ԑad wer ggin walu bac ad ksin seḥḥet n imezdaɣ s taynit.


text:
Deg ussan-a yeɛdan, issufeɣ-d Muḥemmed Lɣelbzuri. Aselmad n izerfan di tesdawit n Nnaḍur. Ijjen udlis d amaynu x Lḥirak n Arrif. Adlis-a i yura s Teɛrabt, igga-as i wezwel: « Ddewla d usugur n lḥirak n Arrif ».
Lɣelbzuri, yenna belli adlis yewwi-as rebɛa iseggusa n lxedmet. Tuɣa irezzu ad dag-s ibedd ɣer waṭṭas n temxumbal, zzag-sent: Mayemmi i yekker lḥirak di Arrif? Yinaw-nnes. Tanettit n Lḥirak d min xef ittbedda lḥirak. Uca issufeɣ-as-d adlis-a ig ittakk°aḍen ar 437 n tefray. Lɣelbzuri, yerni yenna: « umi drus n trezzutin ittwaggen x Lḥirak, ggiɣ imsawalen aked waṭṭas n imeɣnas n Lḥirak d lwacunat n inecraf. Akid-sen ula d ibuɣawen… »


text:
Deg yiwen n usarag ucrik n tɣemsa ay tga d uselway n Tegduda, Mass Abdelmadjid Tbeboune deffir yidiwenniyen ay tga yid-s deg tselwit n tegduda, twekked-d Massa Sahle-Work Zewde dakken « isali n urẓam n yizirig agennan gar Zzayer Tamaneɣt d Addis Abeba d asurif ameqqran deg ubrid n useḍru n wuggumen-nneɣ ucriken ay werɛad wwiḍen ɣer uswir wuɣur uklalen ad awḍen ».
Tenna-d dakken adiwenni-nnes d uselway Tebboune d win « ay d-yewwin abaɣur », am wakken ay d-terna dakken tirzi-nnes ɣef Zzayer « tesskanay-d assaɣen icerken snat-a n tmura yernu deg snat ttmahalent i lmend n usmal-nsent ».
I lmend n waya, txebber-d dakken ad d-tili Tesmilt Tucrikt tis 5 gar snat-a n tmura deg Ctembeṛ ay d-itteddun deg Addis Abeba.
Massa Sahle-Work Zewde tessenfali-d tumert-nnes imi ay d-terza ɣef Zzayer yellan d tamurt yesɛan azal meqqren ama i tmura tifriqiyin, ama i yiɣerfan-nnes, am wakken ay d-terna dakken Tagrawla Tazzayrit « d tadyant tamezruyant taxatart yernu d tasurfant deg umennuɣ n yiɣerfan yettwashersen i lmend n ulelli-nsen ».


text:
Amdyaz amqran « ayad alhyan » lli ittusan s umdyaz amaziv n tmvart issfuvd ussan ad yat tadla / tawckint (tadlist) n tmdyazin ddu n uzwl " ajnDiD n twargiwin" nvd isuqqas n twargiwin , tadla yad lli igan adlis wiss sDis dar umarra nv amqran v igr n tirra d usnflul , tg tadla n tmdyazin tiss kradt s tmaziv , tffavd g imprimerie lououroud tivrmt n Inzgane.
Avmus n tdala n "ajnDiD n twargiwin" iga umlil tdl imik n tzuvi fssusn ityar v waggul nns izwarn uzwl nns s uskkil n tfinav s ukl azggwav izurn mklli ityara wassav n umdyaz n uskkil alatini s uvl abrkan sdidn ddu nns yat twllaft n ull ,aggur igran gis iwllafn n idlisn n umdyaz d kra n igzzumn n tizwira nnsn.
Tyara tadla yad n tmdyazin s sin iskkiln alatini d tifinav , gis 90 n tasna tadla yad tga yan wanaw amaynu g tmdyazt tatrat , tga yan umsawal vzzifn gr umdyaz d ixf ns f isyafatn nns, ibbi gis isskrf isawl f tayri nns.
Amsawal n umdyaz ayad alhyan d ixf nns iska f mnnaw isqsitn ttalsnin tukt n twala zund :
- inyyi max ? --14 n tmdyazin
- isd i sur tssint a lalla ? --14 n tmdyazin
- tagldunt ... 8 tmdyazin
- taziri... 1 tmdyazt
- macc ! / yuf yyi ... 2 tmdyazin
Mass ayyad alhyan amdyaz d umarra aqran iga yan v imdyazn imazivn lli tussanin s tvarast nnsn tatrat v igr n tmdyazt, iga aslmad n tutlayt tmazivt g tsdawit n agadir ar ittara ku anawn n tsakla issfuvd yat tmzgunt lli s yiwi tasmvurt n tzlva n tirra ddu n uzwl « tamzgunt n afgargan » viklli yura ungal ddu uzwil « yan usggwas g tzgi » yara tidlisin n tmdyazt « wiss sa ignwan » d « tga tguri tslit ig iD imicil » d « ajnDiD n twargiwin » .
Ad ur nttu izd amdyaz nv amqra ayad alhyan iga amdyaz d umarra s tutlayin timaDlanin issfuvd yat tdlist n tmdyazin s tutlayt n tfransist ils n molir ddu n uzwl « fragments émergents » g fransa , ar ittara timdyazin s tutlayt tasblyunt , ilin dars tugt n isiggln f tutlayt tamazivt .
Amdyaz n twtmt isawl f taziri d ID d tayri yini :
taziri
tgit illis n ignwan
ur tn tdrut d yan
iv tn tzgrt s tsurifin
tawada n tmnukalt
mqqar am ssutln itran
mani am akk lkmn
ivd tvlit v tillas n yiD
isakk mmrn ulawn
mla yufa yan
yan igan nkkin
ad gin ayyur
isawl umdyaz f isyafatn ns s tidt yini:
yuf yyi
ivd ssutlv i wl inu
agadir n ccinwa
ssdusv asn iggura
srsv azazuy n twargiwin
krzv gis v yat tsga
turtitin n babilyun
ad gis tyagaln iskla
urtn izri yan
ssutcv gis v yat tsga
ir3man n ufr3un
ann gisn mdlv
asyafa nm a kilobatra
ad ddrn iman v usyafa
srsn ilmma anzgum
Mohamed Arejdal


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I yuɣen irgazen ur ttrun ! Anebdu useggas n 2021 amzun d winna n 1871, neɣ ugar. Yeḍra wehdum di tmurt n Leqbayel. Wwten-tt tiyita usafu, afeddix tirɣi. Bɣan ad tenger, a nenger, neɣ ma nella a necbu iqeffafen, a ɣ-ksen am wulli.
Mi akka nugi a nefk mayna, mazal nezdi lqedd, iwwi-d a neḥsu imcumen-nneɣ ur rekkden ara. Gren-aɣ-d gar wallen-nsen; a ɣ-neqqen, a ɣ-sseknafen…
Ayɣer akka a ddunit ? D acu i sen-nexdem ? Ulac. Anwa i neḥqer ? Ulac. Anwa iwumi nekkes izerfan-is ? Ulac. Anwa iwumi nenna ruḥ, ffeƔ, uɣal ansi i d tekkiḍ ? Ulac. Anecta merra yerna ur neslik ara ! Akka, skud nella ur gganen ara! Ihi, nella mazal a nili.
Anebdu n 2021 neɣ n 1871 ɛeddan s terɣi n tmurt n Leqbayel, ǧǧan-d ccama ur nḥellu, yal tikkelt mi ara tt-nwali ad d nemmekti, a s-neqqar : ur nettruẓ ur nkennu.
Tikwal s kra i iɛeddan negguma a necfu ! Am unebdu n 2021 d ayen yessewhamen, tban ɛinani ansi i d tekka tiyita, maɛna ugint ad ldint wallen, cukkeɣ nečča leḥcic n tatut neɣ ahat nesɛa-t deg idammen. Nḥemmel ad d nsewway i wiyiḍ, ad ttneɛimen yes-neɣ icenga, nḥemmel a nettwiwwet… yerna d nekni i d Imaziɣen ! Nenwa ma necrek yid-sen taferka a ɣ-qilen, a ɣ-fken talwit, din akk i ɣ-truḥ.
Skud nxeddem yid-sen tettban-asen-d mebla lemziya, ɣef waya werǧin nnan-ɣ-d qqimt-d yid-neɣ, bnut-d yid-neɣ tamurt nḥerr-itt-id akken… Wid yettagaden deg-sen Rebbi ttaǧǧan-aɣ-d kra iɣessan, wama kifkif-iten merra, am imezwura am wid n wass-a, ur ɣ-qalen ara, fkan-aɣ times ara ɣ-yeččen, bnan-aɣ-d leḥbus ttaččaren-ten s tlawin d yergazen n yiseɣ, seṛwan-aɣ tukksa n sser deg uzal qayli, hata wamek i ɣ-ttarran lxir. Ar melmi akka ? A nnger-im a taɣeddiwt!
Segmi i d tebda yemma-s n ddunit, yal mi ara nexdem lxir yettuɣal-aɣ d ixmiṛ. Ulac anwa i wumi ur nefki wara afud, tayet, tikti, taggara ad yeqqel fell-aɣ d waɣzen, d nnger ara ɣ-yesnegren. Bdu-tt-id si ṛṛumman, afud i sen-yefka Yugurten di Spanya. Tmanya n leqrun nuɣal almi i d Spanya s Tariq i yewwin lislam. Am Ikettamen i d yessekren tagelda Ifaṭimiyen yewwḍen Maṣer ternuḍ akin, kemmel-as leḥsab alama d Amussu aɣelnaw d tegrawla n 1954, d acu i ɣ-d iṣaḥen s Leqbayel d Yimaziɣen ? Ulac neɣ ayen yellan yif-it wulac. Am win yesmarayen udi ɣef ugudi.
Ugaɣ tewweḍ-d tsuta (lǧil) ara ixedmen ɣef teqbaylit, ara yezwiren deg yiman-is, mačči d lɛib win yezwaren deg yiman-is. Ahat d tasuta ur nettara i teɣri ideg ur tt-teɛni taluft. Ahat d tasuta ara-d yinin win yebɣan Ɛli yarew-it-id.
D tasuta ara-d yinin yal tamsalt ideg ara nekki, ɣef ara nemmet, mi tekfa ilaq a nezwir miḥlal, neƔ ma ulac win i d yegren taffa ar wannar yesserwet-itt. Ahat d tasuta ara yezwiren deg umeyyez uqbel a neggez. Ma yella tasuta-aya ur d tewwiḍ ara, mazal a nettqabal times s ifassen d ilmawen, a ɣ-tesseknaf deg yexxamen-nneɣ, iǧadarmiyen a ɣ-ttawin ar leḥbus si tɣerɣert-nneɣ.
Iɛedda useggas, yezzi-d unebdu amcum, ad d rnun wiyiḍ, ttɣiḍen wid yemmuten, ahat ula d wid i d yeqqimen. Tasa la tneggi, s kra ɛzizen fell-as iruḥ. Tid d wid i d yeqqimen, wissen ma fkan leɛhed ur ten-tettun ara, ad azzlen fell-asen i wakken ur truḥun ara di tinna n lmektub, taččart d wakka i yura di twenza. Wissen ma lhan-d yid-sen d twaculin-nsen akken ur ttruḥun ara d asfel ɣef wayen ur d-giren di tessirt.
Wissen ma nudan ɣef tidet, ɣef wanwa i tt-yessaɣen, i ten-yesserɣen neɣ lhan-d kan d twaɣit i sen-d sseḥlullin di Larebɛa almi ttun tawaɣit-nsen. Wissen aseggas-a ma ldint-id wallen n Leqbayel, myeɛqalen, myefkan tayet, zdin tagmat, mmektin-d merra tinna: gma-k d win akken i tjebbdeḍ yid-s azaglu. D win i d yekkren ɣef teqbaylit akken ad d yali wass fell-as. Wissen At yiseɣ ma ur ttmagaren ara s ubernus widen akken n lḥukuma wama iqeddacen-is nennum sirk-nsen.
Iɛedda useggas ad rnun wiyiḍ, ad kkiwen imeṭṭawen, ad d tiḥnin tasa, maɛna ad qqiment ccfawat i lebda.
Farid Benmokhtar
Aselmad di tesdawit Paris VIII.


text:
Tubiret, Axxam n yidles Ali Zamoum yerra tajmilt i Salah Boukrif
I lmend n usmekti wis 38 n tefsut n Yimaziɣen, axxam n yidles Ali Zamoum n Tubiret ihegga-d imalas adelsan. Irmad n tmesbanit-a ad ilin si 15 ɣer 21 seg waggur n yebrir 2018 w’ad tili d tajmilt i umeɣnas Salah Boukrif (ad t-yerḥem Rebbi).
Ad nesmekti belli Salah Boukrif yella d ameɣnas si zik. Yella seg yimezwura yennuɣen ɣef tmaziɣt d tugdut. Ittekka di tnekra n tefsut n 80, yerna yella gar 24 imeɣnasen i yewwin ɣer lḥebs n Berwagiya. Di 1981, yerna isɛedda 18 n wagguren di lḥebs n lḥarrac. Salah boukrif d ameɣnas asertan deg ukabar n FFS di 1989, syen akkin yuɣal-d ɣer RCD di 1996. Dɣa s yisem n ukabar-a (RCD) i yeedda di tefranin n twilayin n 1997, d amefran (Elu) deg usqamu aɣerfan awilay (APW) n lezzayer tamanaɣt. Yemmut deg 25 si yebrir 2005 seld mi d-yuɣal kan si tikili n tefsut n Yimaziɣen i deg ittekka i d-yellan di temdint n tubiret.
Ahil i d-ihegga waxxam n yidles Ali Zamoum n tubiret i wesfugel n tefsut n Yimaziɣen d wass n tusna d abaɣur. Ad ilint deg-s aṭas n temziknin ; tid ɣef yedlisen, allalen imensayen s umata, isufar n wucci, tismilin n tmucuha d wunuɣen, ɣef ugemmay n tfinaɣ. Ma d amezgun, d yiwet n tarbaet si Tizi Wezzu ara d iqedmen tacequft «ameḥkuk n tegzi» (la poudre d’untelligence) n Kateb Yacine. Ali Mouzaoui, netta, ass n 15 yebrir, yemeslay-d ɣef ayen icudden gar «sinima d tmaziɣt.» Deg n wass-nni kan, Nadia Berdous, tasdawent n ugezdu n tmaziɣt n tubiret, nettat, tewwi-d awal ɣef «tefrit n tmagit d uqader n yiman-ik.»
Ma d ayen yaenan isaragen, ad ilin s waṭas, gar-asen ɣef Salah Boukrif, aselmed n tmaziɣt s umata …
Ass n 20 yebrir, ad ruḥen yemdanen ɣer tenṭelt n Salah Boukrif, deg tɣiwant n Yimceddalen, ad sersen din tameqqunt n yijeǧǧigen w’ad setreḥmen ɣef yiman-is.
Slimane Chabane


text:
Yura-t: Muḥemmed Ameẓẓyan
Aturjem : Andic
Yettwassen s tmenna-nnes idewlen s lemtul : « Amjar d yeqqim d amjar, beddlen-as fus waha ». Awal-a yedwel neqqar-it xmi ca n ḥajet wer tettbeddil tettɣima amenni. Ula kṭer xm nessawal x ca n lḥukuma niɣ ca n lḥizeb. Min iɛnan ina zeg Imeɣrabiyen wer ittsarin deg wazzareg n ssiyasa ? bab n tmenna-ya, icelxen di zzman, yedwel zi lemtul. Ittwassen di ca n jjwayeh di Arrif, ula kṭer di leswaq n Ayt Weryaɣel, leswaq n Igzennayen d jjihet n usammer di Arrif. D yina d leswaq min ɣa ittraḥ s waṭṭas. Mayemmi i d-ttfekkareɣ bu tmenna-ya lux ? min iɛna bnadem-a ?
Minzi luxa aqqa-aneɣ di lweqt-a (beddu n Kṭuber) zi mkul aseggas, nessemɣara zeg imjahden n jic tteḥrir, inni zzag-sen iddren d inni immuten. Di beddu n mkul Kṭuber, ,nettzewwaq iwalen maḥend ad nessemɣer zi « imjhaden » iwwḍen temɣer. Zzag-sen min ɣa yella sseɛd ad asen-mmewcen iwarditen, din zzag-sen semman izubaq s yisemawen-nnsen, ttwarun x-asen idlisen. Maca am bnadem-a wa, wer qaɛ wer x-as nettesli. S uya, axarres-inu iraḥ ɣer-s, maḥend ad nweqqer aktay-nnes d twengimt-nnes, ad nweqqer ula d tawengimt n merra imjahden ittwattun.
Isem n bnadem n min xef nssawal, qqaren x-as Ifaysbukiyen « amussnaw n Arrif ». Netta d Ɛebdennbi niɣ « Ɛeddenbi » s yiles Arifi. Ittwassen s yisem n « Ɛeddenbi n ssuq » minzi ila ikkal ittsuḥ di leswaq n Arrif iḍeffar aleqquz-nnes n weɣrum. Wer din ḥedd zeg Irifiyen wer t-yessin niɣ wer xas-isli niɣ wer yesli x tmenna-nnes iwwḍen ar tmussniwin, maca drus zzag-sen wi yessnen amezruy-nnes n tidet.
Di Mares 1984, mmelqiɣ baba[1] twalat-inu tamezwarut di Hulanda, nec ttuɣa-ayi d ameḥḍar di tesdawit mani baba ila ittmuttuy d aḍlib di tmura. Ɛeqleɣ isseqsa-ayi xef « Ɛeddenbi » ma yeddar ? Nniɣ-as s nniyyet-inu : « ma tessawaled x Ɛeddenbi n ssuq ? » Yerr-d xafi d netta istuɛjub : Man ssuq ? Nec ttseqsiɣ-cek x Ɛeddenbi, amjahed. Nnbdehḍeɣ, ma abuhali-nni ila yella d amjahed ?
Iɛawed-ayi baba cwayt x tudert-nnes deg ussan mani ila ssujaden i jic tteḥrir kunṭra i Ifransisen deg Igzennayen, i ttuɣa yellan adu ufus Afransis. Ila din amsawaḍ d usujed ittemsaren x iymiren n Ispuniya. Zeg imukan-nni ila din Larbeɛ n Tewrirt, mani din ijjen ssuq mani ttemsagren tiqebbal n Arrif am Ayt Weryaɣel d Igzennayen. Ɛeddenbi ttuɣa-t d ijjen zeg imjahden innufren, ikessi lesnaḥ ittawi-ten ɣer Igzennayen, wami yeḍḍuqqez umenɣi di 02 Kṭuber 1954, igga min x-as. Bla ma a nessiwel x teryazt-nnes deg umenɣi, ila ittawi inegzam ɣer jjihet n Uspanyu mani wer din ḥedd.
D wa d « Ɛeddenbi » i ila wer ssineɣ, maci nec waha i ttuɣa wer t-issinen. Wer t-tessin lmendubiya yuɛlan n tnezbayt d jic tteḥrir ; wer t-ssinen tisdawiyin d tmezgidawin, wer t-ssinen inni ixeddmen di tmesmunin. Ɛeddenbi am waṭṭas n yen wer nessin di tmurt-a tanita. La d ijjen ma issen x umezruy-nnsen, niɣ ttren s lḥeqq-nnsen ḥuma ad zzag-sen neɛmen. Dewlen ɣer deffer zegga yeṭṭef Lmuɣrib listiqlal jjin amkan i « imjahden imzewwren ». Mala nekker a nessij x min ittwarun di lweqt-nni a naf aṭṭas zeg inni iddaḥaren taryazt, ttcekkaken di tidet n yenniḍen. Maca Ɛeddenbi netta urid d bu stilu ḥma ad yari idlisen. Ila yella d amjahed, wer t-issin ḥedd, immut d amejdub d abuhali.
Deg umsagar-nni i dayi-ismunen aked baba, ɛeqleɣ nniɣ-as : « Ɛeddenbi d abuhali ». « Netta yellan s leɛqel-nnes weḥḥd-s zzag-kum gi Arrif » Irr-d xafi baba d netta itthezza azellif-nnes s utebheḍ qbel ma ad isiɣi : « ixḍar ad ibbuhli ḥma wer t-neqqen, mli wer yeggi amenni ili inɣa ixef-nnes niɣ ili nɣin-t ».
Ɛeddenbi ixḍar tibbuhliya, maci ɣir ḥuma ad iqqim yedder waha, maca ḥuma ad yini min ixes. Ma ccreɛ iksi stilu x ubuhali ? Aqqa awal-nni i zi d-nebda ttuɣa-t ismqudda zzag-s jar wakud n Ispuniya d wakud n Listiqlal. Mani Lmuɣrib igga listifta x ddustur, yebda lḥizeb b Listiqlal ibeṭṭa tiwriqin di ledcur d leswaq. Ḍeffarent midden maḥend ad sewwten s « wah ». Wenn ɣa yinin « lla » tteḥsaben-t d lxayen, netta ibedd-asen d iɣes n tmijja, yedwel Ɛeddenbi yeqqar-asen di leswaq :
« mux kid-s ttakim ? yuzzur yak ? … Iwa lux sbert-as waha »
Ttuɣa isxeddam iwalen axmi iccat-d x-asen lemɛani. Midden ila tticen-as ttmenyat bac ad zzag-s nfekken, ad nfekken zeg wawal-nnes n lefḍayeḥ. Di ssuq n letanyen ilaɣa-d x-as lqayed ḥma ad asen-yini i midden ad d-asen ɣer lqiyada. Abarreḥ di leswaq d tenni d tabridt n umsawaḍ i yellan di lweqt-nni. Ibda Ɛeddenbi yeqqar-asen i midden « ay iṭan imeẓẓyanen, iṭan imeqqanen ttbarraḥen-akum-d » Ijjen was, lḥukuma terni di ca n leḥwayej, ittetter ssadaqa. Ixxec-as ijjen ɛicrin Frank. Iwdan merra xezzren dag-s, yenna-as : Lḥukuma lux terni, ula tutra terni.
cḥal n Ɛeddenbi i ḍeyyɛen aytbab-nnes ? Aṭṭas zzag-sen. Wer nettetter zi lmendubiya yuɛlan n tnezbayt d jic tteḥrir ad tɣez x tsuḍar ḥuma ad aneɣ-tini min ɛnan imjahden-a i yeggin tizemmar-nnsen deg umezruy-nneɣ ? Maca ad aneɣ-tini belli aṭṭas n midden ttuɣa ɣer-sen nnekwet n umjahed amenni waha. Ixess ad ɣerblen, minzi imjahden n tidet wer ggin walu ḥuma ad ɣer-sen tili nnekwet, la d ijjen ma issawal x-as di twengimt n jjmaɛet.
[1] Issawal da umari, x baba-s :Muḥemmed Sellam Ameẓẓyan i yellan d amɣar n tegrawla n 1958/1959.


text:
Tamazight, langue et litterature
✨Brahim Tazaɣart ✨
Tameddurt :
Ilul ass n 15 yebrir deg useggas n 1966 di tezmalt, agezdu n bgayet
d ameskar, d amedyaz, n tutlayt tamaziɣt, d imḍebber n tsekla "Tira" i d-yeskelsen atas n imyura n tmaziɣt tatrart.
yelmed seg uɣerbaz amenzu ar ulemmas di taddert- is syen iruḥ ɣer tesnawit " Debbiḥ" n Uqbu.
Deg iseggasen n 1987 yesbedd-d netta d yiwet n terbeet n imedyazen tasɣunt "Rivages" d tasɣunt tamezwarut ara yesduklen kraḍ n tutlayin n Lezzayer.
D ayen ara d-islalen di 1989 timsizzelt n tmedyazt n Bgayet ideg ara d-ufraren aṭas n imedyazen ladɣa wid n tutlayt taqbaylit.
Brahim Tazaɣart yellan d anelmad n tesnawit deg tefsut n 80, ikcem deg ubrid n umennuɣ ɣef timmanit d tutlayt tamaziɣt, ittekka deg useggas n 1989 deg Usarag wis sin n Umussu Adelsan Amaziɣt.
Di 1991, yebda lxedma d amsefrek di tesnawit n "timezrit", syen yuɣal ɣer teḍbalt n tseddawit n Targa Uzemmur n Bgayet deg iseggasen n 2000.
Am wakken deg useggas n 1991, yefka tullisin-is i uneɣmas Tahar ǦAƐUT, iten-t yeɣran, iwehha-as ad ikemmel deg ubrid n tira d tsekla.
Deg useggas n 2003, issufeɣ-d i tikkelt tamenzut amud n tullisin "Lǧerrat",
Seg wass-n ar ass-a yessufeɣ-d ukkuz n wungalen d tullusin niḍen.
Am wakken yesseday tizrigin Tira i iqeddcen i usnerni n tsekla d yedles.
Ayen yura :
▪Lǧerrat. 2003
▪Salas d Nuja. Ungal, 2004
▪Akkin i tira. Amud n isefra, 2006, tizrigin Azur.
▪ L'Algérie entre craintes et espoirs. Tizrigin Tira
▪Amulli ameggaz. Amud n isefra, 2009 tizrigin Tira
▪Takemmict n wakal. Amud n isefra, 2012, Tizrigin Tira
▪Inig aneggaru. Ungal, 2013 tizrigin Tira.
▪Nayla. Ungal, 2015 Tizrigin Tira.
Synthèse des sources faite par : Maison de la Culture Mouloud MAMMERI de Tizi-Ouzou
Mardi 21 Juillet 2020


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Yenna-d uselway n Tdukkli Tazzayrit n Tẓuriwin d Yidles, Abdelali Mezghiche, i Tnega n Yisalan n Zzayer, dakken tadyant-a ad d-tili s umyalel d Tesbeddit n Moufdi Zakaria deg ukatar n wahil n yiseksal i usfugel n umulli wis 60 n uzarug, yernu tafugla-a ad d-tili i usfugel n Wass Aɣelnaw n Umedyaz d tajmilt i umeɣnas Moufdi Zakaria yellan d amutlay n Tegrawla Tazzayrit yernu d win ay d-iwekkden ɣef twegda d tmagit taɣelnawt.
Ad d-ɣren tamedyezt yernu ad d-ilin yisaragen deg tedyant-a. Ad asen-rren daɣ tajmilt i yimedyazen am Adem Fathi, Habiba Mohamadi, Mounira Saada Khelkhal, imsuqqel d umnadi Mohamed Arezki Ferad akked umedyaz amuriṭani Cheikh Abou Chadja.
Ad d-yili usarag ɣef usgum n « Tagrawla Tazzayrit, d aɣbalu n uhrag n yimedyazen seg umaḍal akk », yernu ad d-yili waya deg yiɣrem n yinaẓuren deg Zzradla.
Asarag-a d win aydeg ara d-ilint tgermanin ɣef « Takkayin tixatarin deg tmeddurt n Moufdi Zakaria », « Tasbeddit n Moufdi Zakaria, iseḍra d yicqirrwen », « Tagrawla Tazzayrit deg tmedyezt taɛiraqit », « Tagrawla Tazzayrit deg tmedyezt tasaɛudit », Tagrawla Tazzayrit deg tmedyezt taɛṛabt » d « Tsektiwin Tisertanin d Tẓuranin deg ccna agrawlan ».
Deg uxtam n tedyant-a, ad d-ttunefken yismawen n wid irebḥen yiwen n umsazwar n tmedyezt.
Moufdi Zakaria ilul s yisem n Zakaria Cheikh, ass n 12 Yunyu 1908 deg Wayt Yezgen (Taɣerdayt) yernu yezrew deg Ɛennaba uqbel ma yedda ɣer Tunes anda ay yezrew deg uɣerbaz n El Khaldounia d tesdawit n Zzeytuna. Deg 1926, yeqqel-d ɣer Zzayer.
Amur ameqran seg tṣekka-nnes yella-d ɣef umussu aɣelnaw, yernu yura-d ammuden n yisefra n « Tajajiḥt Tuqdist », « I Tili n Tzemrin », « Tahregt n Waṭlas » akked « Tilyadat n Zzayer », d asefru n 1001 n wafiren. D netta daɣ ay d-yuran « Qassaman », imseɣret aɣelnaw n Zzayer. Moufdi Zakaria yemmut ass n 17 Ɣuct 1977.


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TAMURT – Yeshel akken ad icettem neɣ ad d-yewwet yiwen deg wayeḍ, maca ayagi ilaq akken-kan ad d-nesbin lexṣaṣ yellan garaneɣ. Ma nebɣa, ma nebgges-d akken idles nneɣ ad yidir, ad yeffukti ilaq-aɣ a nbeddlet tikli, acku tagi i d-wwin widak yeɣran tarumit neɣ taɛrabt, d lawan akken ad d-neffeɣ deg-s, ma ulac a netteddut ar nnger nneɣ ma temmut tutlayt nneɣ ur d-ttegray teqbaylit neɣ tmaziɣt s lekmal-ines. Ihi, ilaq Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin ad llin allen-nsen ma ur ten-yewwit ara butellis.
Tazwara widak akk i isexsaren deg ubrid agi n tutlayt d yedles Iqbayliyen imusnawen imenza si zik, ternuḍ-as imeɣnasen n imussuyen n tura akked d win n Lhirak. Imussuyen agi xeddmen leqdic deg ubrid ifernen nutnni, maca tasertit i seqdacen, seqdacen-tt s tutlayt n tefransist kra s taɛrabt n ubrid. Ma tecfam am asmi deg iseggasen-nni n settin asmi i bdan leqraya s tuffra s tmaziɣt neɣ teqbaylit. I talit nni taqbaylit selmaden-tt am akken d ifransisen itt illemden. Maca tura ila wacu i ibeddelen deg ayagi n uselmed. Walit-kan yal tammeddit di taqqant (chaine) n BRTV.
Ihi, tagar-agi d ahdum (catastrophe) i d-iɣlin ɣef tutlayt taqbaylit armi ula d asnufes ineqḍaɛ fell-as. Ma terram tamawt, ula d Naïma Fayḥi tfaq, anida deg yiwet n tviddiyut-ines tenna-d awal-agi: « tura ilmeẓyen n iqbayliyen, mara ttmeslayen sexlaḍen-d xilla n imeslayen n tefransist ». Dagi d ayen yellan i d-nna, acku netta d lferḥ-ines imi lmaɛna-ines d akken d aqbaylit d tamaziɣt sumata lla tettiḍɛf, meḥsubint lla tneqqes. Kunwi am akken kra wer yeḍri tettkemmilem deg webrid n twaɣit ara ɣ-yawin ar lmut n tutlayt nneɣ. Am akken twalam, ahat xilla degwen, tutlayt nneɣ terra aḍar ar deffir sɣur agdud, ula deg umennuɣ fell-as iwexxer s waṭṭas. Acimi ? Tagi d tikkelax n Butefliqa asmi i yerra « tmaziɣt d tutlayt tunṣib di tmenddawt tazzayrit ». Nekk cfiɣ asmi i yenddeh ɣef ikabaren FFS d RCD anida i sen-yenna : « ur sertayet (politiser) ara agnu n tmaziɣt, aneft-as deg wennar n yedles kan ». Imiren ikabaren agi akken-llan ffɣen deg-s, acku werǧin ttaddren-tt-id mara xedmen timliliyin n tsertis d imeɣnasen-nsen.
Yuɣal segimiren, ula d aqdud aqbayli « yebra i ṭṭbel deg waman », acku yenwa meskin, ma tekcem di tmenddawt tazayrit-kan, d ayen temnaɛ si lmut i lla tt-ittrajun di tjebbant ? Mdah a tagmatt, mdah ! Tutlayt nneɣ lla tnegger kunwi mazla iken tegnem s ibaddi. Tagaray ɣef uẓeṭṭa aqbayli neɣ n yegrawen iqbayliyn n fcb, tella kra n tira, maca drus maḍi, maḍi. Llan diɣen sridat n imeɣnasen n timunent, atg,… maca ula d nutni lla senqasen di teqbaylit mara d-ttmeslayen i
imeyyaten n Iqbayliyen d Teqbyliyin. Ini-t-iyi amek ara yelmed ilemẓi n teqbaylit ma teqqareḍ-as « lijan », ilɛiwaḍ « ilmeẓyen » ; mara d-qqarem « ljanaza » wala « tamḍelt », atg,…. Init-d amek, anida ara teffeɣ akk-agi fell-aɣ ? Ass n lexmis nni iɛeddan-kan yusa-d yiwen n umeɣnas ar BRTV (ttuɣ isem-is). Segmi i yebda awal lla Kamal Tarwiḥt ad t-iseqsay s teqbaylit, netta lla as-d-ittarra s trumit. Ayɣer asexser agi ? Iwacu anect-a ? Nekk wigi ar ɣur-i usan-d ad hudden taqbaylit mačči yella kra n wayen yelhan ar lǧiha nsen.
Ihi a yatmaten d lawan akken a nbeddet ar yedles nneɣ ma ur tebɣam ara ad d-negwri di twaɣit, di nddama. A ken-id-smektiɣ-kan yiwet akken ad tfehmem iman-nwen: deg iseggasen nni n sebɛin, illa ukabar n PRS di Paris. Deg ukabar agi 70% n imeɣnasen-ines d Iqbayliyen. Ttnaɣen « masakit » akken ad d-sbeden Muḥemmed Boudiaf d aselway deg ubdil n Boumedyen. Di laɛnaya-nwen, nkent init-iyi-d acu n lxilaf yellan ger « waɛrab ar wayeḍ » ɣef ayen iɣ-yaɛnan nekwni s Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin ? Ulac ! Muḥemmed Boudiaf iqeddec ɣef taɛrabt d Boumedyen xas mgarden di tsertit, maca msefhamen akken aɣ-snegren. Ihi d acu i yexdem Muḥemmed cheikh Marx Boudiaf (akken is-iqqar Dda Muḥnd) ? A yesɣara imeɣnasen n ukabar-ines s taɛrabt. Ixleq-asen-id ayen i wumi semman di talit nni : « atelier d arabe ». Ihi, Muḥemmed Boudiaf d Boumedyen msefhamen akken a nenger. Yiwen isɛerrib deg ukabar-ines di Paris, Boumedyen isɛerrib di tmurt taqbaylit. A tagmatt, ddaw n ubrid, nnig ubrid mačči d abrid, maca uleqra-is-kan d abrid. Ihi uɣalet-d s abrid ma ur tettwaɣem ara deg axfiwen-nwen !
Hand Berkouk