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Izlan n at Wagerakal mačči kan d ccnawi ara yezzuznen lexwaṭer n wid ara sen-yeslen. Izlan-agi d tawwurt neɣ d tiwwura i yellin ɣer umezruy, tasekla, idles akked uzekka n tmurt n yiqbayliyen.
Yal izli d tala yettfeggiḍen, aman-is swayen amezruy ifuden tilin-nneɣ, aman-is swayen amḍiq ideg nedder acḥal d leqrun, aman-is ttecruruden ttazallen ɣer yilel Agerakal, dinna ad aɣ-d-smektin wid ukud neccerk zik amḍiq, idles,wid yewwin abrid n tussna akked tmussni.
Yal izli, yesmektay-d timiṭ-nni i aɣ-yeɣlin deg Yilel Agerakal, Amḍiq n tɣerma Tagrikit-Talaṭinit ayen ala Taqbaylit? Yal izli, deg-neɣ yessaki-d amezruy neǧǧa igen, yessaki-d ayen akk nezgel asmi i aɣ-zzuɣren Wat Yiwen (les monothéistes) ɣer imeḍqan ur nessin, ur nezmir, ur aɣ-nlaq, almi ass-a yeɛreq-aɣ ula d abrid ɣer yiman-nneɣ.
S yezlan-agi yezmer ad naf abrid s yetran ɣer yiman-nneɣ, ɣer wakal-nneɣ s laɛnaya n Wenẓar akked Igennawen nniḍen. Irebban-nneɣ ad ten-ger i Tefrit akken ad tesseḥlu igran. I Wenẓar akken ad yesṭṭuqet aman. Wnisa ad teẓẓu deg ugdud tayri, ad d-yuɣal lferḥ ɣer wudmawen… S yes-sen ad nqabel lmut akken nniḍen, Yarmec yid-s ad yeddu ɣer wanda yakk ara naweḍ. Ubdir ɣur-s ad neddari, ur nettagad ad nettwaḥqer.
Izlan-agi d abrid ɣer ugama, agama-nni iseg d-nekka; igenni-nneɣ dayen ad iɛemmer, ad iɛemmer s wayla-nneɣ mačči s wayla n wiyaḍ.
Ccnawi-yagi d tiɣri i Wenẓar akken ad d-yuɣal ɣer tarwa-s, ɣer wakal-nni kerzen wid ur nessin, wid ur nemɛin.
Ma yella Aqbayli yebɣa ad yili, ad yettuqadar d lǧens am netta am leǧnas nniḍen s waya kan ara yili. S waya ka ara d-iɛawed talalit.
Tamawt: Llan 2 iḍebsiyen, deg-sen 27 n yizlan (ccnawi) ccnan-ten 27 icennayen. Isefra yura-ten Umeẓyan Keẓẓar.
IrnatenMurad


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D acu i teswa ddunit ?
Mi d-yemdel tawwurt n uxxam, bdan imeṭṭawen tteYlayen-d deg wallen n tmeṭṭut-is, fsusit di tazwara, maca ttnernayen di teqseḥ almi qqlen d acetki :
- Ttxil-k a Nnadir ẓer d acu i txeddmeḍ, ttxil-k uYal di ṛṛay-ik tettuḍ tiktiwin-ayi tiberkanin i d-yeYlin Yef uqerruy-ik…
Maca imeṭṭawen-is d tmeslayin-is nnerfadent deg igenni am tagut n ṣṣbeḥ, Nnadir ur asent-yesli ara. Lḥess-nni i d-eellent tektiwin yennejmaeen deg wallaY-is akked wul-is rrant timedlin fell-as, ur t-ğğint ara ad isel i kra nniḍen.
Ieel tisura deg lğib-is. Tura ad ieeddi Yef wergaz-nni umi yezzenz axxam i wakken ad as-tent-yefk, s yinna ad yeṭṭef abrid-is Yer tmurt akken i as-ieel leḥsab deg tazwara. Akamyun i ieebban lqec n uxxam yezwar, yegra kan ad ilaḥeq netta d tmeṭṭut-is.
Yeldi tawwurt n tkerrust, isers kra n lqec d ameẓẓyan deg-s, umbeed yerkeb, yessekker amutur. Ur yefki ara ula d azgen n tiṭ i tmeṭṭut-is yellan tneggef deg berra. Yezmer ad iruḥ ad tt-yeğğ mebla ma tuqee-as akken i yezzenz axxam-is, yeṭṭaxxer-d deg lxedma-ynes yezmer ad tt-yeğğ ula d nettat. Ula d nettat teẓra annect-a acku yenna-as-d ussan ieeddan:
Asabter yellan deffir wa | Asabter n zdat

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Asmuḥyet n tmacahut «Simeliberg/ Le Mont Chauve»
(Atmaten Grimm).
Win ara yesteqsin ass-a tuget n yemYaren d temYarin n at Eebbi, ad yaf cfan-asen-d akk i sin watmaten-nni iwumi fkant twenziwin-nsen ayen yemgaraden nezzeh.
Akken d as-tefka ddunit i winna terfed, terra-t d amerkanti, i tewwet wayeḍ s rrkel teYḍel-it, yedder d aẓawali iẓawaliyen.
Ulac tawacult ideg yedder laẓ am ugellid yugaren tin uẓawali iẓawaliyen, talqimt n weYrum taḥferurt tuqa fell-asen netta, d tmeṭṭut-is d warraw-is, ctaqent-tt wallen-nsen.
Lemmer ur llin yigman d yewzan-nni yakk d-yettḥebbil s kra n wamek, mi ara yezzenz igersalen, bibras d tkerciwin n lexla d-yettekkes si lexlawi, iḥerqan d tẓegwa, tili ur d-igerri deg-sen yiman, ad ssleqfen si laẓ yezgan yesseglaf di teebbaḍ-nsen am yeqjan yeṣṣḍen.
Lqut d-yettagaren di yal tiremt deg wexxam n gma-s yettḍeggir-it d ayen ara yeṣṣeṛwun ula d adrum, d acu kan, ulac melmi d-teṣṣeṛbek tasa-s Yef win d-yeffYen am netta si yiwet n teebbuṭ, d ul yugaren aẓru di taYert i d as-yefka ugama.
Yiwen wass berrḥen-d at taddart, mwafaqen akk di tejmeet, mi akken nnan: "ImezdaY n taddart-agi n at Eebbi akken ma llan, zemren ad sskeflen aẓru deg wedrar-nneY, ma yehwa-yasen".
D ayen swayes yecreh wul uẓawali iẓawaliyen almi d ayen kan, dYa akken yefra uberraḥ yerra d asawen, ira ad iger tamawt akken yessefk i wanida yella weẓru d wansi ara t-id-yeṣṣubb Yer taddart akken ad t-yezzenz.
Yessers kan wergaz iḍarren-is deg wedrar, ur yelḥi ara yakk deg-s aṭas iwala sin d mraw (12) iterrasen iqebban bedden zdat yiwen wecruf deg ugemmaḍ.
Yuẓ Yer tama-nni ideg llan s lexmata, akken d tikli yewweḍ Yur-sen, yeffer iman-is zdeffir uzezzu, yugad ad t-id-walin, acku iYil-iten d imakraḍen. Yeqqim iquree ad iẓer d acu d-wwin ger wallen-nsen ad t-uqmen.
IYil skeeriren fell-as wallen-is d imeẓẓuYen-is yeslan walan yennejbad wecruf-nni, yeldi di tlemmast-is, yeğğa-d ilem annect n tewwurt, kecmen deg-s iterrasen-nni, sakin yemdel yeqqel akken yella zik, mi d as-nnan:
"Ay adrar Eebbi
Ay adrar Eebbi
Iciwi-k win ur yerbi
D lebda ur yettaf tasarut
Ay adrar Eebbi
Ay adrar Eebbi
Aql-aY nusa-d ad neebbi
Ttxil-k ldi-yaY tawwurt!"
Drus kan akka teldi teldi tewwurt-nni daYen, ffYen-d widak ikecmen s tcekkarin tiberkanin d-bubben Yef yeerar-nsen, iwala-tent uẓawali iẓawaliyen amek d-werrkent ččurent-d almi yugint a d-ddment.
Zzin s wudemawen-nsen s ilem-nni ideg d-ffYen, nnan-as i wecruf:
"Ay adrar Eebbi
Ay adrar Eebbi
Tagi ur telli d tiselbi
D ayen is ara tecbeḥ tmurt
Ay adrar Eebbi
Ay adrar Eebbi
A d-nuYal Yur-k ad neebbi
Tanemmirt, mdel tawwurt!"
YuY-asen wedrar awal, tawwurt temdel imiren, acruf yeqqel akken yella yakan, widak ṭṭfen abrid-nsen s teekmin d-eebban.
Akken fflen i tiYilt, wwḍen sanda ur zemmren ara ad t-id-walin lemmer ad yeğğ tuffra, seg wakken iḥar ad as-d-ttwafḍeḥ lbaḍna-nsen, ad iẓer d acu bubben Yef izaguren-nsen, yuY abrid-is srid s acruf-nni, yules-as-d ayen iwumi yesla nnan-as-t widak-nni, mi akken d asen-d-yeldi tawwurt kecmen:
"Ay adrar Eebbi
Ay adrar Eebbi
Iciwi-k win ur yerbi
D lebda ur yettaf tasarut
Ay adrar Eebbi
Ay adrar Eebbi
Aql-aY nusa-d ad neebbi
Ttxil-k ldi-yaY tawwurt!"
YuY-as awal wedrar, yuqem-as ilem ideg yekcem am iterrasen-nni, yeqqel akken yella, amzun ulac d acu yemḥaḥden deg-s.
DaYnetta awi-d ukan imi yemdel kan akka fell-as war ma llan wawalen yessefken ad as-ten-yini, tili ad yemlil uguren, acku ur yesli ara ma yella kra d as-ssawlen widak yeffYen seg-s imiren, mi akken t-kecmen.
Tafat swayes yezmer ad iwali imiren d tin ufeğğeğ n wuraY n-yufa isettef am yeẓra iYaladen yulin wa sennig wayeḍ neY am tirac sut tqucac yekkaten ad zegrent tilas: D ihedman n twiztin, izurar, izebgan, ifeggagen, tifzimin, tixutam, timengucin d waṭas n tYawsiwin-nniḍen i d-mmugrent wallen-is, lḥaṣun twerrek merra d yemma-s n wuraY.
Imiren i tewweḍ deg wul-is timmuYbent ideg yella yedder sanda ara naweḍ, ffYen-t akk iYeblan n laẓ, tikti tamezwarut is yurar wallaY-is d tin is yenna i yiman-is, "Ah ya ssieqa, s wannect-a zemreY a d-sserseY ula d talwit yeqqlen ass-a d awezYi deg umaḍal akken ma yella, ma yehwa-yi tura, a d-awiY akk Udayen Yer TmazYa, ad rreY Aeraben s axxam war ma fkiY ula d aqerru n yizi d asfel, sakin a d-terrs talwit ahat!"
Yeqqim amecwar am win wwten yemsigman, targit tettak-it i tayeḍ, yenna i yiman-is daYen, "awwah ulamek akk, acku lemmer ad ddren Wudayen gar-aneY s Yezwawen, Yas lemmer ad aY-ḥemmlen, nekkni ur nekkat ara ad nelmed Yur-sen tamusni, maca, d tismin-nneY tisemmamin yeskawayen ifadden ara d-nessuffuY Yur-sen, mi feclen, ur d-snulfayen ara ayen d as-iwulmen i wakud, ad yerwi umaḍal ugar!"
Yemdekwal-d si tirga-s, icemmer i iYallen-is, yerra-tt i uxemmel deg wuraY.Yeččur kra n tcekkarin almi d ajmam, yemdel imawen-nsent s ẓẓmik, yerra-tent Yef tuyat-is, iYawel isurrifen-is yeffeY, yenna-yas i wedrar:
"Ay adrar Eebbi
Ay adrar Eebbi
Tagi ur telli d tiselbi
D ayen is ara tecbeḥ tmurt
Ay adrar Eebbi
Ay adrar Eebbi
A d-nuYal Yur-k ad neebbi
Tanemmirt, mdel tawwurt!"
Netta yenna, adrar yesla yeqqel akken yella yakan, d abrid s axxam.
Seg wass-nni d afella yedder wergaz am Rebbi Irumyen, awezwaz mačči yenYes di tudert-nsen netta d twacult-is yerna ulac aẓawali n taddart yeğğa di laẓ d uṣemmiḍ-nni yezrin fell-as ula d netta s timmad-is.
Tudert-nni yakk timgerrezt iwumi yestummen yuqem-itt s yiwen wamud ameẓyan amezwaru d-yeddem si tcekkarin-nni n wuraY d-yewwi, mi akken t-yezzenz.
Asmi d as-kfan yedrimen-nni, yerḍel-d sYur gma-s amud ameẓyan swayes yektal uraY yerna yezzenz-it.
Yules-as Yef yiman-is i tudert-nni turqimt yerna-yas tehri n wul, yečča ččan wiyaḍ, yelsa lsan daYen.
Asmi rnan yedrimen-nni ffYen-as afus, yeqqel Yer gma-s yessuter deg-s amud ameẓyan.
Yufa-t-in d tikli ad t-id-yeffeY lbeej si tismin, yegguma a d-yaf amek almi yuYal yedder am ugellid d wansi d as-d-kkan yedrimen-nni imeqqranen is tgerrez tmeddurt-is.
Seg wakken tewqee deg-s tmellalt, iḥar ad iẓer ayen yellan, yerra-yas acemma n llazuq i wamud ameẓyan di telqaet-is, iwennee-as leqdic akken ur d as-yettfaq ara gma-s, yefka-yas-t.
Aẓwali iẓawaliyen-nni n zik yeqqlen d amerkanti imerkanytiyen n yimiren yektal uraY-is, yerra-yas i gma-s d as-yendin kra am iweryan lḥila d as-yerḍel.
Winna yendi-tt teṭṭef-d, yelḥa kra isurrifen, yewwet afus-is Yer telqaet n wamud ameẓyan d as-d-yerra, tennul-it-id teḥdert n wuraY d-yeddan tenṭeḍ-d.
Akken iwala akken, yeqqel din din Yer gma-s yesteqsa-t d acu yuqem s wamud ameẓyan, yenna-yas-d, d timẓin d yirden i yektal yes-s.
"Awwah a winnat, faqu!" i d as-yenna:
"I wuraY-agi yufiY, ansi d-yekka ihi? Uḥeqq Lkeeba crifa, Rebbi lealamin d nnesxa ar tura ad iyi-d-tiniḍ akk ayen yellan d wansi d ak-d-yekka cci-yagi yugaren fell-ak neY ar d ijadarmiyen ad tt-id-yuraren deg wexxam-ik!"
YesYam-it Yer tYerYert, yessawel-as-d tadyant merra, yemla-yas awalen unekcum d widak is ara yuYal wedrar akken yella, mi ara d-yeffeY seg-s.
"Yexten bubbent!", weread yessuli gma-s ameslay-is, yennejla s adrar, ibedd-as i wecruf-nni zdat-s, yenna-yas:
"Ay adrar Eebbi
Ay adrar Eebbi
Iciwi-k win ur yerbi
D lebda ur yettaf tasarut
Ay adrar Eebbi
Ay adrar Eebbi
Aql-aY nusa-d ad neebbi
Ttxil-k ldi-yaY tawwurt!"
Yennejbad wecruf Yer snat tamiwin, iwala ilem-nni di tlemmast, yekker-as i wesgizzeb seg yimiren, yenna i yiman-is, "tagi d tawurt-nni d-itelli Rebbi ameezuz i widak iḥemmel deg yiḍ wis-sa d snan (27) n waggur n Remḍan".
Yesnemmer Rebbi-s, yuYal yenna, "bismi llah, bismi llah", yekcem s ufus ayeffus, adrar yeqqel akken yella.
Akken ḍallent wallen Yef tirac-nni n wuraY isettfen, yerres-as wergaz i weslebleb, yestewtiw yeqqar, "lḥemdu li llah ya Rebbi, Ad k-ibarek Rebbi a Rebbi, Wagi d lxir-ik a Rebbi, ṣebḥan-k a Rebbi lealamin, Rebbi-na wali-k lḥemd...atg." lḥaṣun ireffed yessrusu di Rebbi-s.
Simmal yettxemmil uraY Yer tcekkarin-nni n-yufa dinna yesxertum, allaY-is yettinig irennu. Terra-t tegnit-nni almi yeqqel yeshetrif am widak ikecmen eemrayen, yettu kra yellan, yuYal wergaz ur ifeṛṛeẓ ara ger tilawt d targit.
Ibubb ticekkarin yeččur, yekker ad yeffeY, ihi seg wakken iYil neY yerra iman-is am wakken dYa d tidet d Rebbi i d-yettaken ayen yufa yerna yella yesqizzib-as irennu, iles-is ala Rebbi i d-yettader, yenna-yas i wedrar:
“Ay adrar Rebbi
Ay adrar Rebbi…atg.”
Yettu ula d amek d as-ssawalen medden i taddart-is.
Ula d adrar yeseuẓẓeg-as sakin, ur d as-d-yeldi ara tawwurt, yeqqim kan din.
Tugdi-nni t-yeṭṭfen terra-t am widak yeqqaren i weYyul ssek, ulamek akk d-yemmekti imeslayen iwulmen si tergigit d ineẓman.
Yeṣṣaweḍ-it utehteh-nni yakk almi d as-yeqqar:
"Ay adrar Rebbi
Ay adrar Rebbi
Ad ṣelliY fell-ak a nnbi!"
Am wakken neẓra titeftufin-agi yakk ur d-ttawint kra, d aḍegger n wakud kan, ihi ula d netta inuda yufa.
Tameddit d lawan ideg yekker yiṭij ad yeYli wwḍen-d, tawwurt-nni teldi-d, ččuren-as-tt-id imawlan n cci, iterrasen-nni imaččaren iqebban iwumi yeffer gma-s, asmi yuli s adrar ad iger tamwt, anida yuget weẓru, akken ad t-yessekfel ad t-yezzenz, a d-yessis azal n telqimt n weYrum i yiman-is d twacult-is.
S teḍṣa d utihi i d as-nnan, "anṣuf yes-k a ddigurdi, ay itbir, anṣuf!" yejbed deg-s s rrkel yiwen gar-asen, yenna-yas, "Ahat tYileḍ ihi ur d ak-nfaq ara tikkelt-nni tamezwarut mi d aY-tukreḍ, ay izem?"
"Mačči d nekk winna, mačči d nekk, wellahi leaḍim ar d gma!" i d asen-yerra.
Irgazen ssekkren fell-as tawsa n teḍṣa yettaken anzi Yer tidak swayes skexkuxen widak yettderrizen timeYriwin di tbernat, mi ara tt-sddendnen akken iwata, nnan-s s teYrit yakk d tsusaf, "la trennuḍ ameslay a ddin yemma-k, ihi tYileḍ-aY d ulac, imi triḍ akka ad aY-tewwteḍ Yef walim ad nettu timẓin? Ulac la gma-k, wala xali-k di tessirt, d kečč i d-nufa dagi, d kečč kan i nessen!"
Imiren dYa i yeṣṣneṣlen aglim-is s ddemmar, kksen iziYer-is, qqden taswin-nsen.
Gma-s-nni yedder akk iseggasen yerna di tudert-is di lehhu d liser.
Seid At Meemmer


text:
Le Rifain
Yenna umeqqran n Umarikan Donald Trump aqa netta wer ittbezziz ca x yimirikaniyen ad ggen takmamt bac ad ḥḍan ixf-nsen zeg uzuzzer n ubirus n kuruna.
Awal-a n Trump yus-dd awarn i umi yessiwel umeqqran n yimassanen di lehlakat ittmuttuyen, aduktur Anthony Fauci, yenna belli lmexzen n Umarikan ittxessa-t ad iẓeyyer iwdan bac ad ggen tikumam. Yerni yenna aqa tikumam yeffuk a tent-ggen yewdan bac ad ḥḍan ixf-nsen zeg umutti n lehlak.
Yedwel lexxu weyraḍ n tekmamt d ijjen lḥajet deg Umarikan tettbedda awarn as tsertit, Trump zeg umezwar ttuɣa takmamt-a wer das-tt-yeksi weqrab, yugi bac a tt-yegg, maca idenni n ssebt, yeffeɣ s tekmamt i twalat tamezwarut zeggami yebda ubirus-a n kuruna.


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Asedwel ɣer Tmaziɣt : Omar LMEDDAM
Tawlaft : Ahmed Abdelkhalki
Tkeyyafeɣ lkif d igarruten s tnuffra. Xmi tsexxareɣ i ca n yijjen di lqehwa itticc-ayi ssebsi n lkif niɣ lkas n waman uḍil niɣ taɛebbust n warecti n tcira. Aṭṭaṣ n twalatin tensireɣ d areyzaz d awraɣ d azeyza. Helceɣ. Deg wussan n wehlac ttuɣa tudart ttwaliɣ-tt feckal. Ahlac irenni di tweḥdanect. Aterras ittexs ixef-nnes ktar di tweḥdanect. Gzuɣ belli necc wadji ɣir d necc. Ttwaliɣ ixef-inu weḥdi di tisit n yixef-inu. Amaḍal ttwaliɣ-t d ict tisit temɣar tarreẓ tedla ẓarreɣ day-s udem-inu ifreɣ.
Yinni ittɣiman di lqehwa tteggen dayi taryazt ḥuma ad keyyfeɣ lkif ad cceɣ arecti n teḥcict. Inna-ayi yijjen zzay-sen : « ansas ittemsa ɣir di twalat tamezwarut. » Nican min inna weḥcayci-nni. Wer qqimeɣ ttensireɣ ula ttaḍneɣ. Swiɣ aman uḍil di twalat tamezwarut. Ndesreɣ. Uḍneɣ. Nnan-ayi tanya : « manaya ittemsir ɣir di twalat tamezwarut. » Nican min qqaren iḥcayciyen-a d iskarjiyen-a.
Bab n lqehwa ttuɣa wer dayi-iqqar walu xef min tteggeɣ. Gzuɣ belli wer t-icqi ɣir min d issadaf n ttmenyat. Ula d netta isess ittḥeccac. Ca n twalatin ttuɣa txarriseɣ : ma i manaya i d itwajj utarras ad iddar ? Uh ! uhu. Dinni tigemmi d tmessi. Amec i dayi-tenna yemma.
Ca n twalatin teṭṭseɣ sennej i yesɣimen di lqehwa. Ca n twalatin teṭṭṣeɣ deg ufarran aspanyu iwalan lqehwa. Ict tmeddit ẓriɣ-ten tqeṣṣaren : smus niɣ sdis zeg yinni irebren deg ufarran ṭṭfen Lyazidi ɣeḍlen-t ɣer tmurt. Qqnen-as xef uqemmum s yijjen ukettan ḥuma wer izeɛɛef. Ikkes ijjen zzay-sen aserwal-nnes icmez s texna-nnes d weblul-nnes d imenyaren-nnes tinzar n Lyazidi. Ma ammu ittqessaren yewdan ? Ffɣeɣ zeg ufarran ggʷdeɣ ad ayi-imsar amec das-imsar i Lyazidi niɣ ujar. Ixḍareɣ tiggʷdi deg webrid ɣer taddart-nneɣ. Ttuɣa tsebbaleɣ s tudart-inu. Ttesliɣ aṭṭas xef yeḥṛamen d teḥṛamin i teṭṭfen s uɣil ttalyen xaf-sen. Abrid ɣer taddart-nneɣ issulles. Issaggʷad ɣer tmeddit.
Taddart n bab n lqehwa telseɣ di lqehwa. Ca n twalatin issenta tisessi-nnes di lqehwa itsala-tt di lburdil n tmeddit ar tiwecca-nnes amec xafs qqaren yewdan n lqehwa. Ca n twalatin itekk yujar zeg wass di lburdil n temdint niɣ deg iburdilen n temdinin nniḍen.
Xminni wer d-ittis rennyeɣ ttacareɣ snat n tseqqar. Qa aqamarriru irenna-t yiḍes s uzil d tmeddit. Ttuɣa teṭṭfeɣ ttmenyat xef yinni ittqehwan srusiɣ-tent deg yict n lqabsa n teflewt sennej i ukuntwar. Xmi d-ittekkar uqamarriru ikessi ttmenyat necc wer dayi-iqqar walu. Ssentiɣ ttadfeɣ taddart-nnes melmima xseɣ. Tetteɣ aked tarwa-nnes. Teṭṭseɣ akid-sen deg yijjen wexxam xmi wer xafi ittegg aɣil uɣelli ad ṭṭseɣ di lqehwa. Tamɣart-nnes tseksif ujar zi snat n twalatin deg umalas s uqafṭan d tseddyin, wer tesnusi di taddart niɣ teddakkʷal d awarni wezyen n tmeddit. Ict temɣart tegdar, tilmect-nnes am yirden. Aɣembub-nnes iqqurar, idmaren-nnes mɣaren, min days i arramet-nnes iffeɣ d mseqqem nettat d taxna- nnes. Xmi ttireḍ aṛṛuḍ ifsus tɣima uca tekkar d ad as-tenid qa teffeɣ d zeg uḥemmam.
D ict temɣart tedded aṭṭas. Sekkʷḍeɣ di arrimet-nnes nettat tesfarnin d ɣar-i. Ɛemmars ma tenheḍ xaf-i. Ẓriɣ-tt iccat tamɣart-nnes d tarwa-nnes amecnaw baba, maca wadji s uqesseḥ. Aṭṭas n twalatin ẓaṛrreɣ-t issudum tarwa-nnes, nitni ttiraren akid-s, issawal aked temɣart- nnes s arcuq bla zzga. Baba ismeḍḍarḍar isɣuyyu am ca n lmal aynaw.
Ca n twalayin iɛeddu ujar zeg umalas wer ssijjiɣ xef imarawen-inu. Zgenfiɣ zi wemseksi- nsen. Mmuẓɣeɣ. Ttuɣa wer teṭṭṣeɣ aṭṭaṣ. Uḍneɣ. Aɛeddis n yemma ittuff. Twalat-a wer ttɣimiɣ ca di taddart ḥuma ad ḥḍiɣ aḥenjir-nni i d ɣa iffɣen zeg uɛeddis-nnes. Qa mɣareɣ dḥiɣ rebbreɣ. Xarrseɣ tɣuyyit teggam deg uɛeddis nnes. Ijjen wass ad ttessliɣ : waɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ… !
Γer ɛawed: Wami idwel Cukri ixeddem di lqehwa.. Aɣrum ḥafi n Muḥemmed Cukri (07)


text:
Ageldun (igeldunen), prince (fr) - prince (en) - príncipe (es) - أمير
Ageldun amekkasu, prince héritier - príncipe heredero -
Addad amaruz: ugeldun (yigeldunen).
Ẓer daɣ: ageldan, ageldaẓri, ageldunan, agellid, asgeld, assegled, ssegled, tagelda, tageldaẓri, tageldit, tagludna.
Aɣbalu: Amawal n Tmaziɣt Tatrart - Lexique du berbère moderne (Tiddukla Aẓar, Bgayet 1990).
Imedyaten:
Yella yessefk ad d-yessukkes tageldunt-nni - Il fallait qu'il sauve la princesse - Tenía que salvar a la princesa - كان يجب عليه أن ينقذ الأميرة
Aql-iken deg - Vous êtes dans - You are in - Ustedes están en - أنتم في
Asegzawal n Tmaziɣt - Dictionnaire Amazigh - Français - Amazigh - English Dictionary - Diccionario Amazigh - Español - قاموس أمازيغي - عربي
(c) Omar Mouffok - Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen.


text:
Wp/shi/Tutlayt Taɛibrit
Tutlayt Taɛibrit (s tɛibrit tatrart: עִבְרִית ivrit, s tɛibrit tazaykut: : לשון הקודש lacun ha qudic) tga yat tutlayt zɣ tutlayin tifrusyawiyin iḍfarn i tawja n tutlayin tisamiyin. Ɣilad, taɛibrit tatrart ar tt sawaln uggar n 9 id mlyun n mddn ɣ umaḍal: 5 id mlyun gisn llan ɣ Israyil d Ikalln Ifaliṣṭiniyn; d umḍan (lɛadad) n tẓṛigin nna ttffuɣnin ɣ tmazirt taɛibrit iskr gis tiss 2 ɣ uswir agraɣlan (amaḍlan), tuti (tzri) sis aynna ittffuɣn ɣ tmizar timslaɛṛabin akkʷ!
Amzruy
Tga Taɛibrit tutlayt n udlis n udayn, Lliɣ d kcmn Ibabyluniyn s Jirizalim, taramit tuɣal yat zɣ tutlayin n wat Israyil. Ass nna ɣ d kcmnt Irumiyn, Udayen ddan s lɣuṛba d kraygat yan ma s idda, tmun didsn tutlayt nsen aylliɣ tkka akk tmizar n umaḍal...
Ɣ tlallit n sionism ɣ Urupa, imussnawn udayen ssidirn tutlayt nnsn, aylliɣ tgq ɣila tutlayt tunṣibt n tmazirt n udayen akk nttat d taɛrabt ɣ Israyil.
Tanfust (tanqqist) n tɛibrit ur tli anaw, d iɣ nra ad tt nini ɣ yat tguri, tamggarut ad ur rad tg amr: TUZZANT! (TAMKRRA), Ar ttinin imsnilsn mas d tutlayt tga zun d afgan, ar d tettlal, timɣur, twssr, tmmt. Ur jju d yurri kra n ufgan zɣ tmttant s tudrt! yawn? Iwa hat taɛibrit tdwl d zɣ tmttant s tudrt!
Amzruy aqbur
Uwin d imassann n umzruy mas tt nn tkka tutlayt ad ɣ tmazirt n Knɛan s dat ad tili tgldit n Dawd d Sliman, ar sawaln mddn s tntaliwin nns ɣ tudrt nnsn takuyast; tantaliwin ad a s tettyara Ttawrat (adlis lli akkʷ ilan atig dar wudayn) tg ula tutlayt n ddin nnsn; ɣumun iɛibriyn ar sawaln tutlayt nnsn, aylliɣ tlkm tasut tiss 2 dffir tlalit n Ɛisa: ur sul tgi tɛibrit tutlayt taymmat n wudayn, taɣul d tutlayt tasgdant ka (tin tẓallit d warratn n iḥzzann); tmmt! Tamẓ taṛamit adɣar nns dar iɛibriyn.
Amzruy nna ur bahra yaggugn
Tqqim tɛibrit ɣ timḍlt nns, tasutin f tasutin, qqimn tarwa nns ar sawaln tutlayin n tmizar nna ɣ zdɣn, nɣ d kra n tntaliwin zund tɛibrmaziɣt, taɛibraɛṛabt, taɛibrṣbnyult, tayddict, atg.; aylliɣ d yuman (ibayn), gr tasut tiss 18 d tiss 19, yan umussu n uswingm uday, s yism n “Haskala” (asgmi s tɛibrit), lli d yugmn zɣ Umussu n Tafatin ; ɣ umzwaru, ttwassnnt twngimin n umussu n Haskala gr wudayn n tmazirt n Aliman, lqqfn tnt ilmma aytmatn nnsn ɣ tmizar yaḍnin n Uṛubba, ḍfṛn tn ula udayn n Lmɣrib d win tmizar n imuslmn.
Tmukrisin lli tn dars ikkan
Bla ad nkcm ɣ ɣaylli d yusan ɣ twngimin s ufruri, yuda aɣ ma izdin d tutlayt: iqqan aɣ d ɣ umzwaru ad nini mas tt nn kkan wudayn iradikaliyn llan mgal n ussmrs (listiɛmal) n tɛibrit ɣ tirra nna ur igin tasgdant, mac mqqar ɣaya, ssntan imaratn n umussu n Haskala ar ttaran s tɛibrit kra n tnfas tiqburin zɣ uzmz n Ttawrat, ukan ur ufin ula kra n umukris; mac, ɣar ssntan tirra f isntln (lmawaḍiɛ) imirann (n tizi ann ɣ ddrn), yicqqu nit fllasn ad smdn, acku Ttawrat ur gis utint tguriwin 8000 n yat (2000 sigsnt ttunnant 1 tikklt ɣ Ttawrat, d iẓuṛan n tguriwin ur utin 500 n yan), d ur tt nn kkin imawaln lli rad yaws ɣ usuɣl n idlisn n tussna d tusnakt. Ufan imaratn yan umukris yaḍn: kkan tt nn ar asn qqarn ɣar kra n mddn drusnin, gn akkʷ irgazn mi iktur yixf; ima timɣarin d irgazn nna ur bahra ɣrinin, kkan tt nn ar qqarn taskla tayddict, ɣaylli yujjan tugtt n imaratn ad aran s tyddict afad ad darsn yili ugdud iggutn.
Skrn imassann n Haskala tawuri nnsn, ssudrn d taskla taɛibrit, ldin d sis tutlayt zɣ uẓkka nns, mqqar ukan sul tmmut; Aylliɣ d idda umssudr lli tt id issnkrn zɣ tmttant: Iliɛiẓaṛ Bn Yahuda.
Iliɛiẓaṛ Bn Yahuda
Ilul d Iliɛiẓaṛ Bn Yahuda s yism n Iliɛiẓaṛ Isḥaq Birlman Ilyanuf ɣ tgldit n Rusya (Bilarusya ɣilad), asggʷas n 1858, ɣ ugnsu n yat tawja tudayt taḥasidit (taradikalit) isawaln s tyddict; igugl (zɣ babas) lliɣ iṭṭf 5 isggʷasn, tajjt innas d xalis; izzri tamẓit nns zund akkʷ inggʷa nns udayn ɣ tɣri d ulmad n idlisn n usgd (ddin) uday (Ttawrat, Micna d Utlmud), ilmma ilmd tafṛanṣiṣt, talimant d trusiyt, ɣaylli t yujjan ad ikcm d umussu aṣhyuni, yaf nn gis mas d assudr n tutlayt taɛibrit ɣ wakal n Israyil a rad ismun akkʷ udayn n umaḍal.
Izzri Bn Yahuda 4 isggʷasn ɣ Bariz (Fṛanṣa), iɣr tasnijjit (tasnḍbibt) ɣ tsdawit n Ṣurbun, iɣr ula amzruy d tsrtit n Ugmmuḍ Anammas (Lqblt n tuẓẓumt); yan wass, immiggir d yan wuday ggʷ Yirucalayim (Lquds), isawl dids s tɛibrit; assmrs ad n tɛibrit ɣ wawal, ad t issnẓan (iqnɛn) mas tẓḍar tutlayt ad ad d tdwl s tudrt, tg tutlayt n uɣrf (ccɛb) aysrayili.
Ɣ usggʷas n 1881, rad izug Bn Yahuda ntta d tmɣart nns tamzwarut (igan taslmadt n trusiyt) s Yirucalayim ɣ Faliṣṭin Taɛutmanit; rad ɣinn ifsr yan ulɣu (liɛlan) nna ɣ da ittini mas d iqqan taɛibrit ad tg tutlayt n tinmal n tmazirt; imikk, rad ilmma ig aslmad n tɛibrit ɣ tinml n umulli aysrayli aẓuran ɣ Yirucalayim (ar isslmad taɛibrit s tɛibrit, nican, bla asuɣl), imikk daɣ rad isnflul kra n tmsmunin (zund “Tixyat Israyil”, “Cafa Birura” d “Ba Ad Halacun”), d ad ur nttu Takadimit n Tutlayt Taɛibrit nna iskr (tsul tlla ar ɣassa) afad ad issktr (ntta d imassann yaḍnin) taɛibrit s irmawn (lmuṣṭalaḥat) nna ur gis llinin.
Ɣ tgmmi nns, icṛḍ Iliɛiẓaṛ f tmɣart nns ad sar sul ur sawln kra n tutlayt abla taɛibrit, mqqar imsar aynna imsarn; yan wass yufa tamɣart nns ar tettɣnnaj i iwis yat tzlit tarusiyt, ibṛṛm nit gis, yini as ad sar sul ur tals i tigawt ann. Lliɣ as tmmut tmɣart ad (Dibuṛa) s waṭṭan n turin, tujja as 5 igugiln, mmtn gisn 3 s waṭṭan n diftirya, ikk 6 wayyurn yawl xaltis n warrawn nns: Ximda.
Ɣ usgmi n iwis (nna mi ismma Bn Ṣhyun), ikka tt nn ur ar t ittajja ad yurar ɣ tsukt, nɣ d ad imun d tarwa yaḍnin, acku ur ar sawaln taɛibrit, ayad ad yujjan Bn Ṣhyun ad iddukkl d uydi nns (nna mi ismma Mahir); asgmi ad ad iskrn zɣ urba ad “Afgan Amzwaru” nna mi tga tɛibrit tatrart (taɛaṣṛit) tutlayt taymmat.
Mqqar tt nn ikka walay (ttaqddum) ad iẓẓay, ilin imarawn (lwalidin) uginin ad lmdn warrawn nnsn yat tutlayt nna rad asn ur yawsn ɣ usslmd anaflla; waxxa mkann, ismd sul Bn Yahuda tanaɣa nns, lli d issntan ilmma ar takka tayafut: ɣ usggʷas n 1902, ilkm wuṭṭun n tawjiwin nna issmrasn ɣar taɛibrit –ilkm- 10 (n tawjiwin); ima ɣ usggʷas n 1903, i tikklt tamzwarut, ɣ umsasa gr wudayn n Israyil, rad yili umrara n wawal s tɛibrit!
Icnga (iɛdawn) n twngimt ad n ussudr n tɛibrit
Bddn wudayn iradikaliyn n Uṛubba mgal ussmrs n tɛibrit ɣ ɣaynna ur izdin s tẓallit d usgd, iwa hat ula udayn iradikaliyn n Israyil (slawan akkʷ imzdaɣn inṣliyn da ur ginin iṣhyuniyn) bddn s wuzzal d tmssi mgal usnfar nɣ lmcṛuɛ n Iliɛiẓaṛ, ṣṛḍn (actkan) sis dar unbbaḍ nɣ lḥakm aɛutmani aturkiy lli t iqqnn ɣ ubniq ɣ usggʷas n 1894, ikk nn gis yan mnnaw wayyurn, ilmma ssufɣn t id imddukkal nns. Itturgl as ula uɣmis (ljarida) nns, uggar n usggʷas, yaf nn iman nns ifrd ɣar ntta d yan mnnaw imddukkal, ayad ad t yujjan ad ig afus nns ɣ ufus n Hirtzil (babas n tṣhyunit) afad ad yaf wi t isnaln ɣ twuri.
Imikk s imikk, ssntan middn ar ttfrakn s watig n tutlayt nnsn (mqqar akkʷ ur tgi tutlayt nnsn taymmat), ar d ilmma skarn amzgun (lmṣṛḥ), aẓawan, anzway (aṛadyu), iɣmisn, turtitin tiɛibriyin n imẓyann; ar akkan mddn i tarwa nnsn ismawn iɛibriyn, ar qqarn waṛṛaḍn taskla, timassanin, tusnakt d tetiknulujiyt s tɛibrit. Ɣ 1916, kkan tt nn 40% ɣ wudayn n Israyil ar ttinin mas darsn tga tɛibrit tutlayt tamzwarut, tigmiḍi ad ar tettawḍ (tlkkm) 75% ɣ Tal Abib d idɣarn yaḍnin nna ɣ drusn wudayn iradikaliyn (tqqim tmdint n Yirucalayim d iɣrm aradikali nna ɣ bahra idrus wawal s tɛibrit).
Imnɣi n tutlayin
Ur tt nn ikki usslmd n tɛibrit iẓli ɣas s imẓyann nna mi rad tg tutlayt taymmat, mac ula middn mqqurnin, slawan akkʷ wida d usanin zɣ bṛṛa n Israyil; acku, ad ur nttu mas tt nn tkka yat tɣnnant iqsḥn gr tɛibrit zɣ yat tsga d tfṛanṣiṣt, tanglizit d talimant zɣ tsga yaḍn; ɣayad rad yawḍ ayda mi nttini ɣ umzruy n Israyil: “Imnɣi n Tutlayin”, slawan akkʷ gr tɛibrit d talimant, zun d lliɣ tt nn tkka rad tettuṛẓm tsdawit tatiknit n Ḥayfa ɣ usggʷas n 1913 (talli ittwassnn ɣilad ɣ umaḍal s yism n Tixnyun), tmun tmhla (liḍaṛa) n tsdawit ɣ Birlin, tini mas rad ttwaslmdnt tmassanin titikniyin s talimant; nkrn mddn ar sɣuyyun f tɣtast (lqarar) ad: slgn inlmadn d islmadn n Ḥayfa d Tal Abib tiɣri (skrn liḍṛab), ssutrn ad tg tɛibrit tutlayt tamyiwnt (lwaḥida) n usslmd d tɣri. Ɣ umggaru, dffir kigan n tɣnnant, tnnuṛẓm tsdawit, s tɛibrit ka. S trnnawt ad, rad tssdus tɛibrit iman nns, tsrs yan uḍaṛ ɣ umaḍal n tdlsa tatrart, d tetiknulujiyt.
10 n isggʷasn dffir ɣayad, ɣ 1924, tṛẓm Tsdawit n Yirucalayim tiwwura nns, tg gis tɛibrit tutlayt n ulmad d usslmd; ima Asinag n Wizman lliɣ issnta ɣ 1934, ur akkʷ sul illi wi isqsan matta tutlayt a s rad tili tɣri.
Ɣ usggʷas n 1922, rad tssnṣb (tṛṣṣm) tnbaḍt tabṛiṭaniyt tutlayt taɛibrit (tama n tnglizit d taɛṛabt) zund tutlayt n tmssugurt (lidaṛa), aylli rad daɣ ifk i tutlayt ad yan wazal imqqurn, acku taẓḍurt n uwank (ddula) ur tt saswa d tin mddn. Ɣ tmdinin zund Tal Abib (tamdint taɛibrit tamzwarut), iskr Bn Ṣhyun (iwis n Bn Yahuda) yan umzizzl (lḥmla): wanna isllan i kra n yan ar isawal s kra n tutlayt yaḍn, ar as ittini “wa aɛibri, sawl taɛibrit”.
Iliɛiẓaṛ daɣ
Ad daɣ nurri s Iliɛiẓaṛ, nsskti d mas issnta yan usnfar zɣ 1901 aylliɣ immut (s waṭṭan n turin) ɣ Yirucalayim ɣ tgira n 1922: “Milun Halacun Haɛibrit Haɛicana Bihaxadaca” (Amawal n tutlayt taɛibrit taqburt d tetrart); amawal ad rad gis issufɣ 7 isunaḍ (igʷzman) s dat tmttant nns, tssufɣ tmɣart nns d iwis Ihud 9 isunaḍ nni qqimnin ɣ usggʷas n 1959. Amawal ad irna gis kigan n irmawn d tguriwin tinulfa (Néologismes) da iṛḍl zɣ taɛṛabt (s waṭṭaṣ), taṛamit taqburt, talatinit taqburt, tanglizit, tarusiyt, talimant, tafṛanṣiṣt, atg.
Immut Bn Yahuda, tɣama d tɛibrit, ɣaman dids warrawn nns yaḍnin lli tt swurinin (xdmnin), slawan akkʷ lliɣ d ilula uwank n Israyil ɣ 1949, nbḍn wudayn ixfawn nnsn, skrn zɣ tɛibrit tutlayt tamzwarut n Israyil (nnig taɛṛabt d tnglizit).
Tirra
- ẓer Agmmay aɛibri
Ittuysxdam agmmay aɛibri ɣ tirra n tɛibrit. Llan gis 22 n Iskkiln. Iga agemmay Abjd zund Agmmay aɛrab nɣ Agmmay alibi (Tifinaɣ n zik). Iskkiln nns d asusru n zik, asusru n ddin, d asusru n ɣila ɣ tɛibrit tisrayilt.
Amzruy n ugmmay ad
Askkil ad imsar as zund aynna ittmsarn i tfinaɣ ɣilad: kigan n iysrayiliyn iyckinaziyn (lli d ddanin zɣ tmizar n Uṛubba, Rusya d Mirikan) ad tt nn kkanin ran ad gn askkil alatini (lli myarn) ɣ udɣar n uskkil aɛibri, mac mmiggirn d yat tnzbayt nna ifrsn kigan zɣ dar imnɛaṛn n uskkil aɛibri.
Yadlli! Askkil ur dars ma s rad isbiḍṛ tutlayt taɛibrit, d ig ddad nssudr yat tutlayt immutn, ad nit dids nssudr ula askkil nns, ḥuma ad ng tififlt i taṭṭajint, nsfalki tt sis uggar.
Iɣbula
- (shi) AD AM IFK ṚBBI ANNAZ N TƐIBRIT A TAMAZIƔT - yura tt ssi Yassine Aït-El-Mouden
Isaɣuln


text:
Deg ixemmimen n wid yesfelsifen, d imusnawen meṛṛa, asteqsi-yagi ɣef yimal n tudert, icud ɣer layas yesberbren ɣef yemdanen n ddunit meṛṛa. Imi ur yella ara usirem skud tella lmut. D talast i d-iḥeṛṛen lebɣi. Ur yettizmir ara ad yegmu ad yennefli.
D acu kan di Tira iqedsen, yelli webrid i usirem. Tmeslayent-d Tira ɣef Yillu yeddren. Win i d-yefkan tudert. Ɣas akken tella lmut ɣef yemdanen, asirem n ḥeggu yekkes tilisa, yelli-d abrid. S tikta-yagi ara d-yili uzekka d yimal i yal amdan.
Di Tira a naf tudert!
Tikta i d-yettarran asirem i tudert d yimmal n yal amdan, d tin ɣef d-ttmeslayent Tira iqedsen. Imi Ṛebbi yeddren, netta yeɣleb lmut, s ḥeggu n Lmasiḥ si ger lmegtin. Ttmeslayent-d ɣef Yillu i zemren ad isellek imdanen si lmut. D wagi i d lexbar n lxir. Liman di tudert n dayem, s ḥeggu n Lmasiḥ, d ayen ara d-yefken azal i tudert n yal amdan. Asirem n yemdanen ur yettili ara dagi kan di ddunit, lameɛna akkin i tudert. Kra n win yumnen s Lmasiḥ, ad yidir akkin i lmut. D wagi i d asirem yellin abrid.
A nwali di linǧil Lmasiḥ yerna i ɛac acḥal n wussan di lqaɛa, aked yemdanen, iban-asen-d. D tilawt n tudert-is. D tilawt daɣen belli, kra n win ara yamnen yis ad yidir ula d netta. Yili tudert-is tcud ɣur-s, ad yesɛu asirem. Tudert n yal amdan yumnen a ttili d tin yellin ɣer tudert n dayem, akkin i lmut.
Tudert s lebɣi n Ṛebbi!
Tudert n wemdan mačči d tin ara yettraǧun kan melmi ara d-tass lmut. D tudert yebnan ɣef liman di Ṛebbi yedren. D tudert yettraǧun ɣer teɣdemt-is d wayen akk yelhan ama di tudert-is ama di tudert n wid aked d-yettɛici. Azal meqqren i yal amadan di tudert-is, d leḥmala n Ṛebbi, tiɣin n wawal-is, d leḥmala n wiyyiḍ.
Yeǧǧa-d Ṛebbi lumurat-is i yemdanen iwakken ad idiren di liser d leɛnaya. Yis-n ara yizmiren ad ssikden deg immal n tudert. Ad idiren ddaw leɛnaya-s, ddaw lumurat-is. Netta yeḥkem s tnaya. Ayen akk i d-iḥer igenni d lqaɛa yella ddaw udabu n Yillu. Yerna yefka-d i yal amdan tilelli iwakken ad yeṭṭef abrid zdat-s, ad yegmu di tudert-is. Ma d leqrar ad yili di liman d wul zeddigen i s ara yettidir dagi di ddunit, ad yernu ad yerǧu tagara di liser d rrezg. Akka i gella di lebɣi n Ṛebbi.
S tudert n lmasiḥ, s lmut-is d ḥeggu-ines, i yesɛa yal amdan asirem di tudert-is. Asirem ɣer tagara ara iɣelben ula d lmut. Akken i tt-yeɣleb Lmasiḥ.D netta i d leqrar i d leɛnaya i tudert n yal amdan. D netta i d asirem s tidett. Ad yissin wemdan Illu d leslak i d-yefka. Akken i t-id yenna Lmasiḥ deg awal-is, di Linǧil n Yuḥenna:
«Tudert n dayem d asmi ara yissinen yemdanen belli d kečč i d Illu awḥid, Illu n tidett, ad issinen daɣen Lmasiḥ, win akken i d-tecggɛeḍ.» (Yuḥenna 17 :3).


text:
Istambul
Tamdint n Istambul Sṭambul d tamdint tis snat n Tmurt n Tturk . Zik tella tamanaɣt ines. Tesɛa 13 imelyan n imezdaɣ (akken i d-tenna TUIK g useggas n 2007) Tesɛa yun uḍar g Turuft, wayed g Asya, ulac tamdint nniḍen g umadal amm nettat yebḍan f sin xas azgen i meqren yezga-d g Asya, maca Istambul tecba mlih timdinin n Turuft
TimezzayinẒreg
Tamdint n Sṭambul tebḍa af 31 n timezzayin, garasent llant :
TarakaltẒreg
Tamdint n Sṭambul tezgad gar Asia d Turuft ygezmits g'ulemmas ilel n Marmara d ilel Aberkan abrid b'w aman Bosfor yessiweḍ garasen, tamdint n Sṭambul tmoqer aṭas tura g yal snat timiwin n'u Bosfor tswadlent s tamdint n Sṭambul.


c: application/xml

text:
TIṢERRIḤT TAGRAGHLANT IZERFAN N WEMDAN
Yesbudan d yesse ran deg wegraw amatu seg use ti-s 217 A. (III) di 10 dujember 1948
ANAKCHAM
Imi asmussen n lḥwerma i ttalasen akkw yâggalen n twachult talsawt d yizerfan n sen yemsawan, d nitni i d llsas n tlelli, taghdemt akkw d- tifrat deg wmadal (di ddunit).
Imi kra n widn nesmussun ara izerfan n wemdan d widn iḥeqqren s lkhwedm n lewḥuch yesserfayen tamsakwit n talsa akkw d- tlilin umadal and'ara hedren u and'ara yamnen yemdanen s tlelli idg ur yelli la aseṛheb la lmizirya, d nettat i d asirem âlayan n wemdan.
Imi tebbwi - dd nnig kra yellan ad ttuḥudden izerfan n wemdan s nnidam azerfan i wakkn ur yettuḥerrs ara wemdan di taggara alamma yughal d amnafeg ḍadd temḥeqranit akkw d unaghur.
Imi yessefk ad tennerni tegmi d wassaghen n tmidwa d lemḥibba gar yeghlanen.
Imi di lqanun izerfan n wemdan imudan n ledjnas yedduklen berrḥen i tikkelt tajḍidt laman n sen deg zerfan ilsasiyen n wemdan di ccherf akkw d wazal n bnadem di tugdut izerfan n tulawin d yergazen u berrḥen belli qeṣden ad snernin aqeddem amgarwan u ad sbed'den tigwnatin timenyafin n tudert di tlelli yettimghuren.
Imi, timura yetteskin di ledjnas yedduklen lezment iman n sent ad myallent (ad mmâwanent) i wakken ad demnent nitenti d-tuddsa n ledjnas yedduklen, di mkull timura leqder aheqqani izerfan n wemdan akkw tlella tilsasiyin.
Imi afham amechruk n tlella d yizerfan agi degs lqima tameqwrant i wakken ad uqment leqder tmura leqder i lâhd n sent.
Tajmâit tamatawt
Tberreḥ belli tiṣerriḥt agi tagraghlant izerfan n wemdan d anawad amechruk igher ssaramen imudan d yeghlanen akken ma llan i wakken akkw yemdanen d yâggaln n temgarwa i glan (i ges an) dima tiṣerriḥt agi di lbal n sen, ad skhedmen akkw lmedjhud n sen, s leqraya d ttṛebga i wakkn ad senernin aqader n tlella d yizerfan agi u ad demnen s ttawilat idd iteddun s lâqel, (wa deffir wa) deg wennar aghelnaw d ugraghlan asmussen d usnefḍes igraghlanen iḥeqqaniyen gar imezdaghen n ddulat tâggalin s timmad n sent nagh gar yimezdaghen n tmizar i gellan ddaw lhwekm n sent aghedman.
Tamadda 1:
Imdanen, akken ma llan ttlalen d ilelliyen msawan di lḥweṛma d yizerfan- ghur sen tamsakwit d lâquel u yessefk ad-tili tegmatt gar asen.
Tamadda 2:
Kull yiwen ghur-s lḥeqq ad ighellat tilella d yizerfan idd yeddan di tṣerriḥt agi bla tarayit idd yettasen si cchetla, d llun, d ldjens d tutlait, d ddin d ṛṛay asiyasi nagh ṛṛay iḍen i gerzan lasl aghelnaw, tamgarwa, aila talalit nagh liḥala n iḍen yehwa yas d argaz nagh d-tameṭṭut.
Rnu gher-s, ur ilaq ara ad-tili trayit yebnan ghef liḥala tasiyasit, taghedmawt nagh tagraghlant n tmurt nagh n temnadt ideg yezdegh wemdan yehwa yas tella tmurt agi nagh temnadt agi d- talellit nagh ddaw lewkala, nagh ur tehkim ara deg yiman is nagh ur tekmil ara tlelli ines.
Tamadda 3:
Kull amdan ghur es lḥeqq n tudert, tilelli d laman ghef timmad is.
Tamadda 4:
Ur ilaqar a ad yughal wemdan d akli nagh d aqeddach n wemdan iden. Tasakla d uzenzi n waklan ttuḥeṛṛmen maḍi.
Tamadda 5:
Ur ilaqara ad yettuselleṭ ghef umdan uâqeb nagh ssikis d- teghriwin yesnughbuyen, itekksen fell as sser.
Tamadda 6:
Ang'is yehwa yili wemdan, ghur s lḥeqq ad yettwag leqder i timmadit is taghedmawt.
Tamadda 7:
Akkw indamen msawan zdat lqanun u ghur sen lḥeqq bla afraz i wakkn atn iḥudd lqanun - ghur sen irkwelli lḥeqq i uḥuddu, akken ma llan ḍedd tarayit ur nwufq ara tiṣerriḥt agi.
Tamadda 8:
Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq ad ichetki i tnehkamin tighelnawin yettuk'ellfen i wakkn ad fkent lḥeqq ḍedd tneḥyafin ur nettqadar ara izerfan ilsasiyen is yettak udustur d lqanun.
Tamadda 9:
Ula d yiwen ur yezmir ad yettwaṭṭef, nagh ad yettwaḥbes nagh ad yet twanfu s ldjur.
Tamadda 10:
Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq ad-tâddi tluft is zdat tnehkamt, âinani, bla tneḥyaft i wakkn ad - tseyyi ma seḥḥant telzimin is d yizerfan is nagh ma d-tidett wayn - idd gren fell as deg wennar n lâqubat.
Tamadda 11:
Kra n win yettutéhmen s ssiya ad yettwaḥseb d imzekki alama yettuṣeḥḥeh s lâdel ddenb idd gren fell as, âinani, zdat tnaḥkamt and'ara yettwadmen akkw wayn i glaqen i uḥuddu ines.
Ula d yiwen ur yettwaḥkam ara fell as ma yekh dem kra n ssiya yettuḥeṛṛmen nagh ma iferreṭ di kra iwudjben fell as ma yella di tallit ni ayn idd gren fell as ur ikhulfara lqanun aghelnaw nagh agraghlan, yerna lâquba ur d as-dd yettak ara ad - tagwar tin is i gḥekkm lqanun di tallit ideg teḍra ssiya.
Tamadda 12:
Ur yezmir ḥedd ad yessekchem iman is s ldjur di tudert n wemdan, di twachult is; deg wekkham is, timuzniwin is nagh ad yessims lḥwerma-s d nnif is; kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq at iḥudd lqanun si tiytiwin yechban tigi.
Tamadda 13:
Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq ad yelḥu s tlelli u ad yekhtir tanezdught di tmurt is.
Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq ad yeffegh si yall tamurt ghas d - tamurt is u ma yehwa yas yezmer ad yughal ghur es.
Tamadda 14:
Ma yella yettwaḥṛes wemdan s ldjur, ghur-s lḥeqq ad yesdari iman is u ad ighellet lânaya n tmura iḍen.
Amâni ur d-as-dd tebbw ara ad ighellet lḥeqq agi ma yella yekhdem ssiya ikhulfen lqanun amechruk nagh ayn ur nwufq ara inawaḍen d yimenzayen n tmura yedduklen.
Tamadda 15:
Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq i tghelna is yehwan.
Ur d-as yettwakkes i yiwen s ldjur la taghelna ines la lḥeqq ubeddel n tghelna.
Tamadda 16:
Mi geblegh weqchich nagh teqchicht, ghur sen lḥeqq ad zewdjen i wakkn ad bnum tawachult bla ma yettuqegged lḥeqq gi s cchetla, taghelna, nagh ddiyana msawan deg zerfen m'ara zewdjen, nad'am zewdjen nagh m'ara yefsekh zzwadj.
Ur yettili zzwady alamma s lebghi d umyeqbel ukmil n wergaz d- tmettut.
Tawachult d-tagwejdit talemmast n temgarwa, ghur-s lḥeqq att thudd temgarwa d ddula.
Tamadda 17:
Amdan yehwa yas weḥd-es nagh d amezday ghur-s lḥeqq ad yekseb aila.
Yiwen ur yezmir ad yettuḥeṛṛem seg waila-s.
Tamadda 18:
Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq i tlelli n tedmi, tamsakwit d ddiyana, lḥeqq agi tetteski deg-s tlelli ubeddel n ddiyana akkw d wayn is yettamen, wehd es nagh gar medden âinani nagh di sser, s uselmed s tegdimin, s wâbâd d umares n lemdaheb.
Tamadda 19:
Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq n tlelli di ṛṛay d lmenṭeq anda yetteski lḥeqq ubeggen n ṛṛay bla ma yettuchebbwel u daghen tebbwi yas-dd ad inadi, ad yeṭṭef, u ad yefser di yall tamurt isallen d- tedmiwin s yall ttawil n wenṭaq.
Tamadda 20:
Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq i unejmâ akkw d- tdukla di tifrat.
Yiwen ur yezmir ad yettuḥettem i wakken ad yetteski di tdukla.
Tamadda 21:
Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq ad yetteski deg wselḥuy n temsal n bailek n tmurt is, ama netta s timmad is, nagh s win yekhtar d amtil is.
Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq amm netta am wiyad ad yettef amkan di lḥirfat n bailek n tmurt is.
Lirad umadan d nettat i d llsas n lhiba n lehkwem n bailek- yessefk add tban s tefrant zeddigen idg ara tteskin meddn irkwelli u ara yilin si lweqt aar wayeḍ di tugdut d sser nagh s ttawil iḍen it yechban ara iḍemnen tilellli n tefrant.
Tamadda 22:
Kull amdan yetteskin di temgarwa ghur-s lḥeqq di laman amgarwan gqes den ad ikafi izerfan is isagrawen imgarwanen d yidelsanen imsefken i lḥweṛma d usegmi alelli n timmadit is s tejmilt n lmedjhud aghelnaw d umyalli agraghlan s wayn ara yembwafaqen netta d nniḍam d lerzaq n kull tamurt.
Tamadda 23:
Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq i ikheddim ara yekhtir akkn is yehwa s cchurut n lâdel imsefṛaḥen ar'at iḍemmen ghef ticchumert.
Imdanen akken ma llan ghur sen lḥeqq bla tarayit i tjernanin yemsawan ghef ikheddimen yemsawen.
Kra n win ikheddmen ghur-s lḥeqq i tjernant taḥeqqit, timsefreḥt ar'as iḍemnen i netta d twachult is tudert iwufqen lḥweṛma n wemdan ara yettuk'emmlen ma yebgha lḥal, s kra n ttawil iden uḥuddu amgarwan.
Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq ad yessebded netta d wiyaḍ tidukliwin ikheddamen nagh ad icharek di tdukla ara iḥudden lmeslaha ines.
Tamadda 24:
Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq i rraha d- tukksa n lkhiq (d ugunfu) u ladgha di lḥedd iqebbel lâqel n lweqt ikheddim akkw di ttriḥ yettwakhelsen, si lewqt aar wayeḍ.
Tamadda 25:
Kull amdam ghur-s lḥeqq i lmizan n tudert ar'at iqidden i ṭṭmana n tṣeḥiḥt is (n tezmert is), liser ines akkw d- twachult is, ladgha i isafarn n tuççit, llebsa, tanezdught, adawi timezgiwin (tijmilin) timgarwiyin ilaqen, ghur-s lḥeqq i ṭṭmana ma ur ikheddmara, ma yuḍen, ma yella d anâibu nagh d adjjal, nagh d awesran nagh kra n yimi ar d as ruḥent ttawilat n tudert ma yekka-dd waya nnig tezmert is;
Tiyemmatin d yigwerdan ghur sen lḥeqq i tallalt (lmâwna) d uḥuddu ikhsusiyen. Akkw igwerdan ilulen di zzwadj nagh beṛṛa n zzwadj ghur sen lḥeqq yemsawan di tussṛa (ṭṭmana) tamgarwant.
Tamadda 26:
Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq di leqraya ur nessefk ara fell as lekhlaṣ ladgha leqraya tamenzut akkw d- telsasit. Leqraya tamenzut d- tamelzumt, leqraya tatiqnit d uselmed n lhirfat yessefk ad ilin d imatawen, tabburt unekchum gher tlumdiwin tunnigin (âlayen) yessefk ad-tili s lâdel i meddn irkwelli ghef lehsab n wakken ẓewren.
Ttrebga yessefk ad- tessiweḍ ghr usefti n timmadit d usedjhed n leqder izerfan n wemdan akkw d tlella tilsasiyin, tebbwi-dd ad- tweṣṣi ghef usefhem d umsameh d lemhibba gar tmura akken ma llant d yimudan d ddiyanat i tuttfa n lehna.
Imawlan ghur sen lḥeqq d imezwura ad khtiren ṣṣenf n ttrebga ara fken i warraw n sen.
Tamadda 27:
Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq ad yetteski ma yebgha di tmeddurt tadelsant n tmurt is, ad yestummen i lfenn (tazuri) akkw d tegmi n tussna d wayen idd ttaken n lfaida.
Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq uḥuddu n lfaida ines tanamkawt akkw d- tmaddawt idd yekkan seg wayn idd yesnulfa di tussna, di tmedyazt (tasekla) nagh di lfenn.
Tamadda 28:
Kull amdan ghur-s lḥeqq deg wennar amgarwan nagh deg wennar agraghlan i wakken ad yili nniḍam yechban izerfan akkw tlella idd yeddan di tṣerriḥt agi lfaida d unawaḍ n sen.
Tamadda 29:
Amdan ghur-s lwadjeb i wegdud idg i gemken ala deg-s kan, unerni ukmil n timmadit is.
Deg wmares izerfan is d ughellet n tlella ines, kull yiwen ur ikennu ala ddaw leqyud i gerṣem lqanun wehd es i wakken ad yedmen asmussen d uqader izerfan d tlella n lghir is u daghen i wakken tisutriwin tighedmawin n wedyaz d nniḍam n bailek d liser amataw dit emgarwa tagdudant (tadimuqratit).
Izerfan akkw d- tlella yagi, is yehwan yili, ur zmirn ara ad ttumarsen ḍedd inawaḍen d ỵimenzayen, n tmura yedduklen.
Tamadda 30:
Ur telli tmadda di tṣerrḥit agi i gzemren ad-tettwafhem d-tikchi n lḥeqq i ddulla, nagh i wegdud nagh i wemdan i wakkn ad khedmen kra nagh ad marsen igi i gqeṣden aḥuddu izerfan akkw d-tlella idd yeddan deg-s.


text:
TAMURT – Ass-agi agdud Azzayri isskfel-d deg wufuɣ is ar webrid tidet n tegmat d tzemmalt taɣelnawt ines maca iɣallen n uzerki agi ur llin ara i keč a Gaïd Salah
Asiwel nwen i wesrus n umagrad 102 deg tegnit agi yeslul d tufrayt s usurdu,iswi nwen deffir s kunwi yewten afus, tennam udrus aya i tezmert n uselway nwen d akken yezmer ad iseddu tamurt d temsal yurzen ar tmendawt ulama teẓram amek tella tugnit n tadawsa ines.
Ger wayen tessekraseḍ, yufrar d seg-s wudem n tkerkas d tmurdas id yessufraren azmenẓer d warway n taktwinin d wayen s wacu tetturarem. imir a tezdim naɣ tbeddem ar yidis n wid yesserkan tamurt. Ay agi yesken d agim(1000)tikwal d akken ger-awen d wegdud yetwaɣez wasif anda tayri yid-s tunag full awen. Agdud terramt ddaw werkas n userdas. Anda ur tgim tamawt d akken turzem ar ɣur-s . S kud i d kunwi i d aɣalla unnig n tzemmalt taɣelnawt anda tella tufrart n tarwa n wegdud.
Deg tebratin nwen aḍu n txidas yewweḍ tinzar.Ass agi yal Azzayri ad yeg tamawt n ukukru d usemzeɣ s umagrad 102 n tmendawt.Ad yili deg uqerru inek d akken : Ur telli trewla d usenser s ger ifassen n usaḍuf d teɣdemt. Amezru ad yaru.Terna aken tugdin.Ayen yessawḍen yes-wen ad tefkem afus deg wemdakul nwen n yidḍelli.
Umlan , tameẓla d umgarad wḍen ar wadif. Tugdin tikelt agi terna idersan nwen.Tamara d tarewla ar imagraden n tmendawt tuqrist i trekḍem kunwi d tin i txiḍem yal tikelt i tfekka nwen.Tewtem afus i yemdukal nwen i-d tyessumsen.
Agdud yugi ad tmeslayem s yisem is acku tezgam tetturarem tiddas yess. Agdud ur yettu ara d akken tellam ngum n udrus n yimir anda teddil deg wsssay wi 5 n Uselway Butefliqa.Terram Amussu n wegdud d tikellax.Yufrar i wallen udabu nwen d akken adabu nwen amaynu yessuli timurdas anda tetnadim asuɣzef n yimir i tenbaṭ nwen,iswi s dazdal d useḥbiber ɣef wayla ur nelli d ayla nwen.
Ad. d tafem tagnit n ukeccum d uzrireg deg umussu n wegdud anda ad tessersem iman nwen d imsexsayen i tmes tesukem kunwi.
Mess aɣalla n Tezmalt Taɣelnawt yessulef ad tussinem seg tura d akken yiwen ur yezmir ad yenni naɣ ad iseddu s talɣa taqburt deg yimal. Agdud yessutur ad tefɣem seg wennar n tudert tasertit .Ad teggaǧem s tazla war azuk! Ad tawim yid wen tikerkas d tmurdas nwen.Ad teǧem tamurt i tarwa s tazedgant yeɣran.
Azal d Uzerki n wegdud i tzemmalt Taɣelnawt.Tayri nneɣ i yal aserdas ibedden. ur tɣil ara i keč a Gaïd Salaḥ.
Gaǧǧet, gaǧǧet, gaǧǧet
Lyas At Lhusin ( Ilyas Lahouazi ) : Anamur Azzayri


text:
Yiwen ur yuhtam afran n Donald Trump di tifranin n tselwit di marikan. Deg id n 9 di nujember id illant tifranin agi ilaq atan rrant Hillary Clinton d tamettut tsmezwarut ara ittfen akersi n uselway. Akka ak i ttarjjan medden. Akka dighen id reggem iman is ghef akken d-nnan les sondages. Maca teffegh akken nniden. D ahudu i tt ihhud Donald. Ghur-s 279 n ifranen imeqranen mgal 216 i Hillary. Macci s yiwen negh sin i tt yugar.
Deg atas n iwunak iffarnen si zik akavar amegday i t ttuseqqa, i tefra tensakt. Ama d Floride (29), michigan, Ohio ama d Pennsylvania ttfen ak afus i Donald. Kra n wanida irjjan medden Hillary s tnefxix d tugart n trumolp, iffegh-d deg-s Donald Trump s wudem is accinawi. Akka i teffegh tirga mxalfa i masa Clinton. Tettkel ghef imahilen, iminigen d tilawin maca testehza deg ini n Donald trump is igezmen izuran. Netta issen, ad inigh d amazzag akya, amek issakayen medden urdan deg umdan. Essen ad ifek tamezzught i wid urnufi ara iman nsen di « Washington’s establishment » negh rkiz, tigusa n tsertatit d udavu di tmaneght tafidiralit Washington.
Assa ihi ifra ssuq tenza sselaa. Si yennayer akk-in d netta ara yughalen d imdebber ghef tmurt tamuqrant ak n umadal. Tirmitin deg annar asartan ixus macci d kra imi urjjin ihnunef di tsartit. Seg assmi id ikker d udi d tament. Myal yiwen amek a t ittwali assa i tttjuger, myal amek ived sdat tmughliwin ines maca arctagara d netta ifarnen imarikoniyen. Ama di Marikan ama deg umadal d tirni, allen assa atentin ghef Donald Trump.


text:
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D aya !


text:
Amcic n tagant
Amcic n tagant (Assaɣ ussnan: Felis chaus) d aɣersiw amseksum yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tserɣuda, aɣersiw-a yettusismel deg tserɣuda timeẓyanin maca d netta yakk i d ameqran deg tewsit n yimcac
AglamẒreg
Teɣzi n uɣersiw-a d tin yettawaṭen deg tlemmast ar 70 cm, asallaf-is meẓẓiy ur yugar ara 20 cm, Addud-is ar tuyat ila azal n 36 cm, azuk-is gar n 4 ar 16 kg, ini-ynes yemgarad s unect (ɛla ḥsab) n telmest n tedfert seg uzunɣid uwriɣ ar waras uzwiɣ, Akken id teffaɣen izirigen deg uzagur n wammucen maca tekksen mi ara ad ddun deg waddar (mi ara ad imɣuṛen)
Ismawen n idenẒreg
Awurta n ubelma d isem wis sin n uɣersiw-a ɣas akken ulac assaɣ gar-as d gar n twurtiwin anagar amcabi deg wanẓaden yellan deg yixef n imeẓẓuɣen-is
Idgan n tudertẒreg
Amcic n tagant d aɣersiw yettidiren deg Aneẓul n Asya (Sri Lanka, Lhend) d ccam d yirawen n wasif n nnil
Talmest-a tettugred yakk d wemcic n wexxam ayen id yeglan s telmest ur tettagad ara aman isem-is chausie


text:
Amezwaru n dderya i d-ilulen di ddunit, d aqcic. Adem d Ḥewwa, imawlan-is, semman-as Kahin. Kra n lweqt ɣer zdat, ilul-d weqcic nniḍen di twacult-agi tamezwarut. Aqcic-agi i d-yernan ittusemma Habil.
Akken llan ttimɣuren, sin n watmaten-agi, yal yiwen d ccɣel yeḍfar. Habil yella ikess ulli n baba-s. Yettawi-ten deg almaten yelhan, anda llan waman. Yettɛassa-ten daɣen seg iɣersiwen. Kahin, netta, iḥemmel ad ixeddem akal. Izerreɛ imegger.
Lxedma-nsen temxallaf, d acu kan di sin yid-sen, sɛan taflest deg Illu n tidett. Yusa-d lweqt i deg ara qeddmen asfel i Yillu. Yal yiwen yextaṛ ssenf n lweɛda ara yqeddem i Ṛebbi. Kahin yewwi-yas-d si lɣella n wakal-nn i i yxeddem. Tukci n Habil temxallaf. Iddem-d yiwen seg imenza n tejlibt, yezla-t, iqeddem-it i Yillu.
Yura deg Adlis: " Yeqbel Yillu Habil d lweɛda-ines, lameɛna ur yerri ara ddehn-is ɣer Kahin d lweɛda-ines ". Yerfa Kahin, yeččuṛ d tismin, imi yeqbel Yillu izimer i yqeddem gma-s Habil, yerna yuggi lweɛda-nni n lɣella n wakal. Yehmel dɣa yenɣa gma-s. D tamgeṛt tamezwarut.
Yerfa Yillu mgal Kahin. Axaṭer yenɣa Habil. Imerret-it Yillu s leqseḥ. Issers-d fell-as abxas i lmend ubekkaḍ-nni yexdem. Seg uḍlib-nni yexdem, yettumerret tudert-is meṛṛa, yettwaqecceɛ-d si talit n Ṛebbi. Akal-nni i deg ixeddem, yuqel ur d-yettak ara lɣella. Netta, iteddu yettmenṭar di lqaɛa tudert-is meṛṛa. Ddnub yettawi-d beṭṭu aked Yillu.
Am Kahin am Habil, yal yiwen yumen s Ṛebbi. D acu kan d yiwen kan deg atmaten-agi i d-yettwaqeblen. Yura deg Adlis : " s liman i yqeddem Habil asfel i Ṛebbi, azal-is uger n win i yeqeddem Kahin ". Asfel n Habil, ibeggen-d taflest-is di ṛṛeḥma n Yillu. Ur teqqim ara kan ma numen s yiwen n Ṛebbi. Mačči kan imi ɣur-neɣ lebɣi a neɛbed Ṛebbi, a s-nmud si lxedma n ifassen-nneɣ, si lecɣal-nneɣ yelhan. Ayen yesɛan azal, d talit n wul. Am Habil, ilaq a nqeṛṛeb ɣer Yillu s ṣṣfa n wul s wannuz. Asfel ara nmudd i Yillu, ad yili d win akken yettraju deg-neɣ.
Lweɛda n Habil deg-s asfel n izimer i wumi uzlen idammen. Asfel-agi d amezwaru akk di ddunit, deg ayen d-yumeṛ Yillu, alamma d yusa ɣer ddunit "Win" akken i wumi qqarent Tira " Izimer n Ṛebbi ", yettuhegga-d, d win akken ara yilin d asfel, yiwet n tikelt, i leɛfu n ibekkaḍen-nneɣ.
D acu-t ihi, i nekni ass-agi, usfel ara yeqbel Yillu ? Amek ara naff ṛṛeḥma d leɛfu zdat Yillu ? Kemlet ihi taɣuri n temsirin i d-iteddun, ad temlilem tirirrit i tuttriwin-agi !
Uqbel ad tekmlem di tɣuri, arret-d i umesteqsi 3


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Ad iwali wemdan acḥal i t-iḥemmel Ṛebbi s tidett, mara yidir yid-s, yesɛa tudert i teddunun yid-s. Yewwi-d ad yili wassaɣ ger-as aked Ṛebbi. Axaṭeṛ Ṛebbi d Illu yeddren. Ibeggen-d leḥmala-ines i yemdanen s leslak i d-yefka di Lmasiḥ. Yeqsed Ṛebbi si tazwara ad isellek wid meṛṛa ara yamnen s Lmasiḥ.
A nɣer ayagi di Linǧil n Yuḥenna, ixf wis tlata. « Axaṭeṛ Illu iḥemmel imdanen n ddunit meṛṛa armi i d-ifka Mmi-s awḥid iwakken kra n win yumnen yi-s ur yettmettat ara lameɛna ad yesɛu tudert n dayem. Ur d-iceggdeɛ ara Yillu Mmi-s ɣer ddunit iwakken ad iḥaseb imdanen meɛna iwakken a ten-isellek.” (Yuḥenna 3:16-17).
Assaɣ, tudert aked Ṛebbi
S lmasiḥ tura mara namen yis a nesɛu assaɣ aked Ṛebbi. Axaṭeṛ d netta i yefkan iman-is d asfel fell-aneɣ iwakken a nemnaɛ si lḥisab d lmut. Issazdeg ulawen-nneɣ, yekkes ddnub-nni i ɣ-isbeɛden ɣef Ṛebbi. Tura, s Lmasiḥ, kra n win yumnen ad iqerreb s lettkal ɣer Ṛebbi. Ad yidir ddaw leɛnaya-ines. Ad yeqqar Awal-is, ad iteddu s Ṛṛuḥ-is. Ayagi meṛṛa d Lmasiḥ i d-inejren abrid, yessers-d lehna ger Ṛebbi d yemdanen. Akka i d-ibeggen Ṛebbi Leḥmala-ines i yemdanen. A t-naf di Tira, di tebratt n At Ṛuman. « Tura imi nuɣal d iḥeqqiyen s liman, ters-d lehna gar-aɣ d Yillu s Ssid-nneɣ Ɛisa Lmasiḥ. Yis daɣen i nufa abrid s liman ɣer ṛṛeḥma-agi deg i nella tura. Lfeṛḥ-nneɣ, d asirem nesɛa belli a ntekki di lɛaḍima n Yillu.” (At Ṛuman 5: 1-2).
Iḥemmel-aɣ s tidett, yettili yid-nneɣ
Ttbut a t-naf di Tira. D lemɛahda n Ṛebbi i wid akk umnen yis s wawal-is. Leḥmala n Ṛebbi d ayen ara d-nɛic s tidett di tudert-nneɣ n yal ass. Ɣas llan iɣeblan d iɛewwiqen, Ayagi nettmagar-iten-d meṛṛa. Akka i tella ddunit. D acu kan, s liman nesɛa di Ṛebbi Yettnerni deg-nneɣ usirem d ssber i s ara nqabel yal taswiɛt. Leḥmala n Ṛebbi a nḥus yis, di yal taswiɛt akken tebɣu tili. Telha neɣ diritt. Axaṭeṛ ulac i yzmren a ɣ-ifreq ɣef leḥmala n Ṛebbi. Netta yettili yid-nneɣ kullas. Yettak-aɣ-d tissas d tezmert iwakken ur nfeččel ara.
D Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen i d-ibeggnen leḥmala
S lmasiḥ d Ṛṛuḥ-ines ara neɛqel akken ilaq leḥmala n Ṛebbi i ɣ-d-ibeggen. Lmasiḥ ihemmel-aneɣ yefka iman-is d asfel iwakken aɣ-d-isellek si lmut. Tura yettkemmil yettɛassa fell-aneɣ s Ṛṛuḥ-is i ɣ-d-ifka ad yettili yid-nneɣ, iteddu yid-nneɣ. Yesnernay di liman d ṣṣber.
“Ula di lmehnat, nettili di lferḥ, axaṭeṛ neẓra lmeḥna tettawi-d ṣṣber, ṣṣber isseǧhad deg ujeṛṛeb, lǧehd deg ujeṛṛeb ittawi-d asirem. Asirem-agi ulac degs lexdeɛ axaṭeṛ leḥmala n Yillu teẓẓa deg ulawen-nneɣ s Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen i ɣ-d-ittunefken.” (At Ṛuman 5:3-5).


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Tazɣuda
Tazɣuda neɣ Aɣeṛda yesɣaren (Assaɣ ussnan: Apodemus sylvaticus) d yiwet n telmest n temseɣẓaẓ yeṭṭafaren tawacult n iɣeṛdayen, Tazɣuda meqqer s imik (cwiya) ɣef uɣeṛda n wexxam
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Talmest-a d tin ilan (yesɛan) Tafekka tazrgrart d usallaf ɣezzifen, Teɣzi n tfekka n tezɣuda d tin yettawṭen seg 8 ar 11 cm. Yettazen seg 16 ar 27 g
Amyaraw[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tiwetmin lant 3 n idisen iy zemren ad arwen alamma d 9 n teqzizen, Tessuṭnṭ-iten yal 5 n tesdidin i tallit n 3 ar 4 n wussan, Asirem n tudert n tezɣuda d win yettilin gar n 2 ar 4 n iseggasen
Tikeli d wučči[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tazɣuda d aɣersiw yessermaden deg iṭ, tettunag ɣef wučč, učči-ynes d ifsan, iburɣas yakk d igumma


text:
Rbaṭ
Rbaṭ d tamaneɣt n tmurt n Merruk, tesɛa deg useggas n 2014 azal n 1,100,000 imezdaɣen.
AmezruyẒreg
Imunen (Imweḥden) bnan agerrar (camp) af wakal yettwasnen tura s yisem n Rbaṭ i wakken lan iẓri af uzaɣar n wasif n Buregreg. Sakkin, At Wandlus i yettmeslayen kan s tespanyulit zedmen fell-as, snuflan Tagduda n Buregreg alamma Iseɛdiyen ṭṭfen tamdint.
IdlesẒreg
Tiwaculin tiqburin n Rbaṭ mmeslayen yiwet Dderja yeččuren s wawalen i d-yekkan seg tespenylit. Yerna taɛrabt-nsen ur d tin n tentalawin Tihellaliyin (Hillalien) am tin n Dukkala.


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Tura‑t: Fatiḥa Ɛissawi
Mamek nessen qaɛ, arrendan (ramaḍan) elaḥal ad yaweḍ, maca min wer ssinen attas n yewdan, d amnus i tkessi tḥenjirt i 6 nni n w ussan n idammen i xa‑s i dd‑itasen di ramadan.
Mamek ttwaliɣ, taḥenjirt wer tkessi s wemnus i leḥriq n ueeddis , n weerur, n ifadden d wefcal, d leḥriq n uzellif, Agaeeed n ihurmunen n Etrogine i tt‑itejjan ad txeyyeq akd ixf‑nnes, as iqqes lḥal x can tmeslayin d timeẓyanin, i tt‑itjjan ad tettru x ca n tmeslayin wer stahllent imeṭṭawen, d waṭṭas n tamara i yessakʷaḍen lmut!,
Marra manaya walli tettegg‑it neemada niɣ iejeb‑as lḥal, maca deg ussan nni amenni i tt‑tterran ihurmunen‑nnes,
Manaya marra wer das tekessi s wemnus, anict min tekessi i mara yeẓr‑it ḥedd! niɣ mara yerra‑s‑dd lexber ḥedd zeg aytma‑s, babas niɣ ḥedd d awtem akid‑s di taddart.
Maymi!?
Maymi d reib, ḥcuma, atcced arrendan!
Aṭṭas wer fehhmen umi qqaren qa taḥenjirt wer tettiri mliḥ di lxaḍar‑nnes, aṭṭas i wer yessinen qa llant can tḥenjirin tadfent deg uxiyyeq (la dépression), ttadfent deg ijjen lḥala n tepsikulujit teqseḥ aṭṭas.
Maca tkemmaren xa‑sent s: qa d « reib »!
sqa ɣer‑m am isel ḥedd!! Niɣ ɣer‑m a cem‑iẓer ḥed, cem tetted ramaḍan!! Axmi i tenɣa, niɣ tegga ca n lḥajt wer teḥli!!
Min ixss ad tesned, qa mara yemma‑c, ultma‑c, tamɣart‑nnec… wer tecci mliḥ deg ussan nni izemmar ad tehlek zi seḥḥet s ca n lehlak yeqseḥ ad zzag‑s teggenfa, ad as‑yegg nnaqes deg uzzal, niɣ izemmar ad ac‑temmet jer ifassen, mala tẓum kid‑k arrendan.
Min ixss ad tesned ɛawed, arrigla niɣ cehar wer yelli d reib, ntta d ijjen tamara tkessit temɣart ḥuma ad cek taru cek.
Arrigla, Idammen, Yur/cehar n temɣart: d ijjen ḥajet tella zzag‑s, wer lli d nttat i yexsen.
SEHWAMT-ID SSA
SEHWAMT-ID SSA
Drus xmi ttemsaḍafeɣ deg usafar-inu di tmurt n Lhind, ula kṭer deg ibilajen d ledcur…
SEHWAMT-ID SSA
https://youtu.be/SvOGklCxqo8
lefraḥet n isuriyen di Lqeḥṭaniya ḍarreɛ n Surya, s lɛid n "akitu", ass n 1…
Asit-a yesxeddam cookies!!ɣer kṭar


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Tawilayt n Suq Ahṛas
Tawilayt n Suq Ahṛas d Tawilayt deg tmurt n Lezzayer. Zedɣen-tt 438 127 n yimezdaɣen. Ma d tajumma-ines tesɛa azal n 4 541 km². Tamanaɣt ines d tamdint n Suq Ahras. Tawilayt-a tebḍa ɣef 10 n tdayriwin:
- Tadayra n Bir Buḥuc (Zzwabi, Bir Buḥuc, Safel Lwidan)
- Tadayra n Ḥeddada (Wlad Mumen, Ḥeddada, Lexḍara)
- Tadayra n Mdawruc (Mdawruc, Ragouba (fr) , Tifac)
- Tadayra n Mecruḥa (Ḥennaca, Mecruḥa)
- Tadayra n Lemrahna (Lemrahna, Ouillen (fr) , Sidi Freǧ)
- Tadayra n Wlad Dris (Ɛin Zana, Wlad Dris)
- Tadayra n Um Leɛḍayem (Wad Kebrit, Um Leɛḍayem, Terraguelt (fr) )
- Tadayra n Isedraten (Ɛin Sselṭan, Xmisa, Isedraten)
- Tadayra n Suq Ahras (Suq Ahras)
- Tadayra n Tawra (Ddriɛa, Tawra, Zaarouria (fr) )


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Deg yiwet n tgermant s uzwel n « Tiddit Tasnuddsant n Uɣlif n Umzaɣ Aɣelnaw deg Usefrek n Tmijwin d Twuɣa Tixatarin » ay d-yellan deg ukatar n usarag aɣelnaw ɣef tesnuddest taɣelnawt, tenna-d Tjiniṛalt Rezig Samia dakken « tiddit ay yeḍfer Uɣlif n Umzaɣ Aɣelnaw tebna ɣef unagraw n uḥezzeb mgal tmijwin-a d usefrek n twuɣa ».
Terna-d daɣ dakken aɣlif yettekkay « s tmellilt » deg yisenfaren n uḥezzeb am temhal n umennuɣ mgal ujṛad, tiḥemliwin n ulseklu d wallus n uciri n wuggug azegzaw, amesten n wafay d usebɣer n yiḍrisen izerfanen.
Ɣef leḥsab n Massa Rezzig, asefrek n twuɣa d « idis axatar » n tesnuddest n uɣlif n umzaɣ aɣelnaw am wakken ay d-yerna dakken aɣlif yettekkay s tmellilt deg temhal n usefrek n twuɣa deg ukatar n wakaten izerfanen, islaganen, imehlanen d yitwilanen.
Deg wayen yerzan akaten izerfanen, tesmekti-d tmasayt-a s umagad 57 n udaḍuf 04-20 n 25 Dujembeṛ 2004, ay d-yennan dakken Taredsa Taɣelnawt Taɣerfant ad d-tger iman-nnes deg temhal n usukkes mer ad d-ilint twuɣa tigamanin deg ukatar n yilugan d-yettwasebḍen deg usaḍuf 91-23 n 6 Dujembeṛ 1991 yerzan adraw n Tredsa Taɣelnawt Taɣerfant deg tuɣdaḍin n uḥraz n umyersi anagdud deg tegnatin n tsureft ».


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Inselmen qqaren “ d leḥram” iqbayliyen qqaren-as “ d lɛib” netta ziɣ yiwen-nsen! D lɛib-agi i aɣ-d-yessuffɣen leɛyub ….!
Irnaten Murad
Iḍ ɣef taddart yemmar-d am ubruri, din din yessaɣ ṭṭlam, ur yelli wayen ara t-waliḍ di berra. At taddart akk nnejmaɛen ɣer yexxamen-nsen, ǧǧan berra i usemmiḍ akked ṭṭlam. Aḍu di berra iẓehheḍ ayen yufa; tiwwura n iɛecwan, iqremyad ur nerkid ara, iculliḍen, ipuciḍen, lḥaṣul ayen d-yufa iɛebba-t, berra yerra-t d ayla-s deg-s yiwen ur yettalas!
Bu cclaɣem akked mm uqerdun qqimen ɣer taman lkanun, di tmest ttnezzihen; tezweɣ n tmest tettban-d deg wallen-nsen, tceṭṭeḥ ɣef imumuten n wallen-nni yesmundel leɛmer. Axxam ɣas d aqdim maɛna mazal ibedd, nutni daɣ ccban axxam-agi-nsen, ɣas ccib yeḍla ɣef twenza, ɣas zzellum yekref tigecrar maɛna ifadden mazal-iten. Di sin myeḥnacen sdaxel n ubernus, abernus teẓḍ Mm uqerdun, myeḥnacen akken myeḥmalen, mliḥ!
Mi ččan imensi, d taberkukest ay d-gan, dehnen-tt s zzit tamaynut, zzit d-ẓḍen iḍelli. Qden laẓ-nsen tuqda n ufexxar. Smentagen isɣaren s nnuba, ttemyeḥkun, ttmeslayen, ttawin-d awal ɣef temsal i ten-iceɣben imi ur ufin iwumi ara d-ḥkun ula d timucuha. Ah, tfut-ikem tmacahut a tamɣart!
Yenṭeq wemɣar Bu cclaɣem yenna i Mm uqerdun:
– Wa tam!
– Acu akka ay am?!
– Teẓriḍ belli akka kra n wussan ad d-tlal tilivizyu tajḍiṭ?! Yerna s teqbaylit akk!
– Igerrez ay amɣar, igerrez! Ɛni teḥbes Baṛtv ?!
– Ala mazal-itt, maɛna nnan belli yelha ma yella terna-d tayeḍ akken tiɣri n uqbayli ad taweḍ leǧnas…
– Anda ara tili dagi neɣ di fransa ?!
– Di kanada a tam !
– Yebɛed lḥal ay am, amek ara tt-id-neṭṭef dagi nekkni?!
– Yeshel wannect-nni, ass-a kullec iteddu s internet, ṣaṭiliṭ… mačči am zik a tam!
– Igerrez ay am, igerrez, awi-d ukan !
– Akka meqqar ad naf s wacu ara nesɛeddi uḍan i aɣ-d-yegran!
– Wissen kan d acu ara ɣ-d-sɛeddin?! Ma yella am tis 4 yif-itt fiḥel?!
– Awwah a tam, alaḥsab n wakken d-qqaren d tilivizyu d wezgen, am tid-nni n fransa!
– Igerrez, ihi ay am, igerrez awi-d ukan!
– Ma yella am tid n Fransa, ihi ur gezzmen ara lfilm di tlemmast akken xeddmen inselmen?!
– Dagi ur ẓriɣ ara a tam, nekk ẓriɣ kan belli nnan-d ad tgerrez, ad twenneɛ, ad tecceɛceɛ!
– Igerrez ay am, igerrez awi-d ukan ! ɣas akka neẓra lɛeqliyya n inselmen amek tga; inselmen qqaren “ d leḥram” iqbayliyen qqaren-as “ d lɛib” netta ziɣ yiwen-nsen! D lɛib-agi i aɣ-d-yessuffɣen leɛyub ay amɣar!
– Tebdiḍ waqila lbulitik a tamɣart?!
– Tecfiḍ zik ay amɣar asmi nella nettidir di fransa, mi ara d-mmlilen yiqbayliyen di tmeɣra qqaren-as “familyal” ad seččen maɛna ur sserbayen ara ccrab yerna nutni yakk d isekranen! Yak tecfiḍ?!
– Ih a tamɣart, ih! Wigi n tura cukkeɣ fehmen, dayen faqen mačči am nekkni zik-nni!
– Awwah ay amɣar, cukkeɣ d lweqt kan i ibeddlen, wammag aqbayli yeqqim kan d winna!
– Waqila a tamɣart ass-a yella wayen kem-iceɣben, yella wayen tebɣiḍ ad d-tiniḍ?
– Ih ay amɣar, ih! Ass-a sliɣ belli temmut yiwet akken di taddart n Nnif akked Lḥerma, temmut di fransa, uqbel ad temmet teǧǧa-d tiṣṭama, tenna-yasen: “ Ass ideg ara mmteɣ ur ttẓallat ara fell-i, ur iyi-ssiridet ara…” mi tt-id-wwin ɣer taddart, nnejmaɛen lɛuqqal n taddart gezmen-tt di rray, dɣa ẓẓullen fell-as, ssarden-tt zemreɣ ad ak-iniɣ s ṣṣabun n maṛṣay! Twalaḍ tura amek-it weqbayli n wass-a; ur iqudder tameṭṭut mi tedder, ur tt-iqudder mi temmut!
Amɣar yessusem, yewwet-it mkemda, deg wallaɣ-is reddment tikta,yettxemmim ass ideg ara yemmet netta d temɣart-is amek ara sen-xedmen; ad ẓẓalen fell-asen neɣ ala, nutni ur nelli d inselmen! Yewhem di lqum yeqqaren “layik” yettẓẓallan bessif ɣef lmeytin. Yewhem ɣef uqbayli yettzuxxun yeqqar: “d nekkni i d-yesnulfan tugdut” maɛna ur quddren rray d wawal n win yeddren! Tafekka n weqbayli d ayla n taddart! Bu cclaɣem yeḥṣel amek ara yexdem, netta yebɣan ad yenṭel deg wakal n lejdud-is, akal-is, akal n warraw-is… yettxemmim ad iruḥ ɣer fransa ad yenṭel dinna, maɛna amek ara yeǧǧ akal n lejdud-is ad iruḥ ad yenṭel deg wakal n wiyaḍ?!
– Sani akka itah wallaɣ-nni ukrif ay amɣar?!
– Ulac a tamɣart, ulac! Ihi tilivizyu-yagi nezmer ad asen-ccekti akken ad tesɛeddi tiɣri-nneɣ neɣ ala ?!
– Ahat ay amɣar, tura ur banen ara, ssekren kan wah ruḥu, mazal ur d-tlul ara ( semman-as uqbel ad d-tlal!). Ass ideg ara d-tlal ad nwali ziɣen d acu-tt aka tilivizyu-yagi ma yella tesderɣil neɣ tettelli allaɣ ?! ad nẓer ɣer wanta tama ara nerr abarabul, ɣer ccerq neɣ ɣer lɣerb!
– Ih a tamɣart ih ! ilaq ad nekker tura ad ngen at-a-n iruḥ lḥal…
Iḍ iger tiɣri i yiḍes, iḍes yegla-d yid-s targit lɛali.
Azekka d ass nniḍen!
Irnaten Murad
27/12/2017


text:
D acu-t WinSCP
WinSCP d amsaɣ n uɣbalu yeldin udlif SFTP akked FTP i Windows. aneggaf aqbuṛ SCP yezga yettwasefrak. Tawuri yines tagejdant d anɣel aɣelsan n ifuyla gar iselkimen adigan akked anmeggag.
Wagi d aglam wezzilen i yiseqdacen yettmeslayen Taqbaylit. Tugett n tsemlit n WinSCP tettwaru s Teglizit kan, aniɣer i tt-awin tugett n iseɣwan s yagi.
Asider d usebded n WinSCP
Lqem n WinSCP s Teqbaylit yella.1 Ddu ɣer usebter n usider n WinSCP sakin sider “Akemmus n usebded”. Di tazwara n usebded fren Tutlayt “Kabyle”.
Timahilin
- Agrudem udlif
- Yettwasuqel ɣer deqs n tuttlayin
- Yesleɣ akked windows (drag&drop, URL, tignitin n unegzum)
- Akk timhalin yettwasnen ɣef ifuyla
- Yessefrak Ineggafen SFTP akked SCP s SSH-1 akked SSH-2 akked uneggaf FTP aqbuṛ
- Agrudem i yifuyla iskripten akked izirigen n tladna ttwasefraken
- Amtawi n ukaram s tarrayt tawurmant neq azen awurman
- Amaẓrag n uḍris usliɣ
- Asesteb s wawal uffir SSH, asteqsi/tiririt, tasarutt tazayezt Kerberos (GSS)
- Iteddu akked Pageant (PuTTY authentication agent) s usefrek ummid n usesteb s tsarutt tazayezt s SSH
- Igridmawen am unaram Windows akked Norton Commander.
- Rnu ad isekles talɣut n tɣimit.
- Rnu daɣen, asekles n n ufaylu n twila deg umḍiq n uzmam, akken ad yettwaseqdec ɣef iselkimen nniḍen.
Timhalin ɣef ifuyla
WinSCP yezmer ad yegg akk timhalin fessusen ɣef ifuyla, am usider akkedusali. Yezmer daɣen ak-yeǧǧ ad tesnifleḍ ifuyla akked ikaramen, ad ternuḍ ikaramen imaynuten, ad tesnifleḍ timeẓliyin n ifuyla akked ikaramen, akkedtimerna n iseɣwan izumal akked inegzumen.
Yiwen seg sin n igrudmawen yettwafernen n useɣẓan ad isireg asefrek n ifuyla ula ɣef uselkim adigan.
Tuqqna ɣer uselkim anmeggag
WinSCP yezmer ad iselkem akk timhalin tizadurin ɣef ifuyla, yezmer ad yeqqen ɣer uqeddac SSH (Shell aɣelsan)s uneggaf n usiwed n ifuyla SSH SFTP neɣ ameẓlu n unɣel aɣelsan SCP neɣ ɣer uqeddac FTP (Aneggaf n usiwed n ifuyla).
SFTP d aḥric n tizeɣt n SSH-2. SCP d aḥric n tizeɣt n SSH-1. Sin agi n ineggafen zemren ad ttwaselkmen ula deg ileqman iqbuṛen neɣ ineggura n SSH. WinSCP yessefrak SSH-1 akked SSH-2.
Ma d FTP, ama d FTP fessusen neɣ FTP s TLS/SSL ttwasefraken. Asiweḍ s uskussem (Zlib) ur ittusekraf ara.
Agrudem udlif
Llan sin n igrudmawen yemgaraden s deqs n iɣewwaṛen n twila di WinSCP.
Tzemreḍ ad tferneḍ agrudem i tebɣiḍ deg usebded. Tzemreḍ ad tesnifleḍ ticki ismenyifen inek ticki.
Ma yella i tikelt tamezwarut ara tesqedceḍ WinSCP, yessefk ad tferneḍ agrudem Anaram Windows acku d ttin yettwasnen gar iseqdacen n Windows. acukan, ma yella ɣur-k tanumi tesseqdaceḍ Norton Commander, win semrasen deqs n imsefraken n ifuyla (Total Commander, FAR, Altap Salamander), Fren-it. Agrudem Norton Commander yattwag i usefrek n usnas s unasiw. Tzemreḍ ad tesqedceḍ s war ma tennuleḍ taɣerdayt. Wid yuɣen tanumi deg ugrudem agi, zemren ad mahlen s wudem uzrib.
- Ileqman n tutlayin nniḍenBack


text:
Numidya
Numidya (s tlatint: Numidia) tga yat tgldit tamaziɣt taqburt. Tlla ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n Afriqya. Tbda ɣ umzwaru ɣ tmazirt n Dzayr, tmutti s lqbt s tmizar n Tuns d Libya. Tbḍa yadlli f snat tqbilin: imasiliyn d imasisiliyn. Macc Masinisa dffir n uqryan abuniqi wiss sin isman tn ɣ yat tgldit. Tamnaɣt nns Sirta (ɣila Quṣṭanṭina). Tbda ɣ -202 ur ta illa Ɛisa s asggas amaziɣ 748-748 ar -46 Ɛisa s asggas amaziɣ 904-904. Ikkatin wakal n tagldit ad yumz zɣ tagut n Tuns ɣilad tsmund ula Dzayr d Umrruk . Ikkatin izdaɣ ɣ tmazirt ad snat tgzzumin mqqurnin atnt igan : imaziliyn (lmaziliyun) , ɣ tagut ntgldit numidya taqqbilt ad tkkatin tyawssan isa tmciwir (drouman ) tga afus nns ɣ ufus nnsn fdid fofna nkartage , ama taqqbilt tiss snat tga swasar : imasiliyn (almasiliyoun ) rwid or umzen taɣarast naytmatsen kantin or hmeln (rouman) ɣayan afd mchachkan dkartage , ikkatin wakal nnsen yumz zeɣ (sttif, d Dzayr iɣrm, d Wahran ) n ɣilad , ikkatin ikraygat taqqbilt agllid ns : ihkm Masinissa f imaziliyn ihkm sifaks f imasiliyn
Amzruysnfl
Ur ituyssan manag ad tlla tagldit Numidya syat sift ɣur illi umjihid , ar tinin kra warratn iqqburn gan win imisriyn , ula win irumaniyn ,disten tkka tagldit lli igan ult finiqiya (didu) tkkatin tra atahel agllid amaziɣ ( Yarbas), awal ad innat yan bu icnubbucn ɣ umzruy ism nns ( Yustinyus) ,ɣ umnid yadnin nnan kra warratn isd agllid Yarbas ula Yufas kkantin ran ataheln tagllidt tafiniqiyt li moi sen ( Alisa) ɣayad ayna umariɣ ( virxilus) ,awalad illa gis maytunan dar unmal Muḥmmad Cafiq lli isrsen yan useqsi ɣumnid ad : izd lmurad rwasaren li nbder n igllidn ad is gan yadeli imɣaren ntaqbilin nsen niɣd , ɣ yan umnid yadnin ina Unmal Mohmed Cafiq disten kan igldan iqqburn iwakal ntmmuzɣa mac kolo imariren ula idbo idllisen ula idbo umzruy mcackand fyan wawal attigan dis agelid Aylmas nttan aybnan tagldit Numidya arid nbder izd agellid Massinissa li igan yan raydares ntgmi naylmas ikkatin ar itini rimaren nes fofna nkartaje dtageldit (n Muriṭanya Tanjiya) tin igiɣ izlmḍ Umrruk
Numidya ɣ uzmz n Masinissasnfl
Iga masinissa yan zɣ igldan lli bahra ittawsn itgldit numidya , ilul ɣ Sirta li ityawssan s kestentina ɣin aɣ isker lɛasima itgldit ns men ras li riga agllid ,ila ukan soul usmDl n ugellid ad ɣ tmazirt an , ikkatin masinissa ityawssan s tuggas nns bahra ichdan rtiminiɣ d limurat nns , ɣikan af iga tmi iwmzizzil nes li dis ikcmn romnidan zund Sifaks ula Hanibal ɣ umzizzil niɣd imaɣen n ZAMA 202 (izwarn talalit n Ɛisa , tamatart li bahra itussan f masinissa achnyal li siberh atigan d (Akal n Tfriqt iydebab nns) teder tageldit n numidya ɣ wussan kigan dzher rkolo tazɣiwin n tudert mach taliɣen ifel masinissa lhsab tgat is itto ayserso limurat nmara ikoso lkursi n tgeldit nns iɣ iggez Akal ,achko ɣikan af jran kigan d imaɣen ngr tarwa nns ayliɣ imut , kchmnd irumiyn (Rouman) sluzzun tagldit ftarwa nns skrad fkan i Masipsa saha ig agelid numidya yamz gmas Rilassa limurat nimaɣn ig anmɣur n limorat ntminiɣ yamz gmatsen wiss 3 Mastanbal anmɣur yattuyn ntgldit macc izdar Masipsa ad mara ikoso madsalan aylir mouten aytmas ryan ouzemz ur bahra yaggugn mach rikli yad ijran ibabas Masinissa arays ijro ula nettan ayliɣ immut nkern imaɣn nger tarwa nns Adherbal , Himepsil ɣikan af dar af toufa Roma matra tkid dar afus atfoko imchibukn ngratsen , walakin iga Yugrtn tachajiɛt rlant tirrukza dwatig irewas dadas Masinissa urasen ikebil ɣunckan
Numidya ɣ uzmz n Yugrtnsnfl
Igan Yugrtn Tuggas nss, izdar ad ismun tagldit issinf aytmas ɣuɣaras isker ɣ Sirta lɛasima nns ɣikli isker dadas , izdar aynru Roma ɣ kigan n imaɣen isyagasen kigan dlɛsker inɣ kigan gisen mac tuckad tagara nns ɣikli issutr umzruy nirumiyn f ufus nyan unmɣur n mouritan Tamaziɣt atigan d Buxus li sers iɣdern ayliɣas imdi netan d Roma , ityamaz ikchem abniq (lhebs) aylliɣ tid tlkem lmut ( at iwala rebi stmella)
Ayliɣ imut Yugrtn tslouza dar Roma tageldit f krad igzman yan yumzt umddakl nesen Buxus d yan i GHOUDA d ɣaylid iɣaman isaha i MASTA -NONZOUS
Numidya ɣ uzmz n Yuba Isnfl
Yugad Yuba disiga yan ugllid amaynu n tagldit Numidya ig ayyaw n Yugrtn iga wasarens yuba amzwaru , ikkatin ugllid ad ar isstur ad ismun tagldit kullut afad ad iskr yat tgldit ibiddn fidarn nns infassayn ɣ ufus n Roma ɣikli yadlli ran lajdud nns Yugrtn d Masinissa , ɣ uzɣgas n 48 ( izwarn talalit n Eisa) ggrand kra nimaɣn ngr Pomyus d Sizar f manwa gitsn rayg agllid n roma ɣikan af yiws nettan i Pomyus mac ca vimavn tgrad iwmzizzil nns sizar , lid yawsn vumnid nns i Buxus wissin (buvud) wissin afad ad nrun Yuba amzwaru , li irwln gr ifassn nnsn mac igan tigiri iwssan nns inɣ agayyuns ryan umzizzil ngras d yan unmɣur n roma s lmut n Yuba I nfda tagldit numidya tmun ussan nns ɣ uzɣgas n 46 (iz-ta n Esa)
Igllidn n Numidyasnfl
Igllidn n Numidya tutrimtsnfl
Igllidn n Numidya tagmuḍantsnfl
Igllidn yaḍn n Numidyasnfl
Post-Independencesnfl
From the end of the Kingdom, Numidia was ruled by the following powers:-
- 25 BC to 395 AD: Roman Empire, becoming
- 395 to 429 Western Roman Empire
- 429 to 534: Vandals
- 534 to 642: Eastern Roman Empire
- 642 onwards: Muslim Arabs


text:
Ass amezwaru n tefsut d ass n tmeYra di yal tamiwin n tmurt yeqbayliyen. Tuget skaren deg-s imensi Yef demma, llan daYen wid itteffYen d igrawen Yer yigran akken ad ẓren agama zegzawen, yettwareqmen s yijeǧǧigen yefsan.
Iqbayliyen ttmagaren tafsut s uheyyi n yimensi i wumi qqaren : « Aderyis ». Aderyis, d isem n yiwen n yimɣi i d-yettemɣayen di teẓgi. Imɣi n uderyis deg-s ddwa i imuḍan irennu di tezmert n wemdan. Γef waya, tteggen s yes imensi i deg ara ččen akk wat uxxam.
Ddurt weqbel, Iqbayliyen ttmeslayen, ttemseqsayen ɣef usfugel n tmeɣra n uderyis. Llan wid i tefɣen ɣef yigran d iḥerqan akken ad d-ɣzen iẓuran n uderyis. Am akken daɣen i llan wid yesmenyafen a t-id-aɣen ɣer warrac yettbaddaden ɣef tewwura zznuzent di timuqinin.
Mi d-teḥder tmeddit, tulawin heggant seksu, ad seqbubcent leḥwal: lbaṭaṭa, ibawen, ẓẓrudya, lḥemmeẓ, akked wayen nniḍen.
Ad ṣfurrent akk ayen yellan deg useksut yersen ɣef teccut n waman irekmen; zdaxel-is timellalin akked iẓuran n uderyis.
Iqbayliyen ssaramen aderyis d win ara d-yassen ddwa, ara d-yeǧǧen tazmert i twacult-nnsen. Am akken zzgan ttweṣṣin win yeččan ur yettes aman.
S waka Aderyis ad yezri di talwit d liser akked tezmert i wid i t-yeččan.
Yettemgirid usfuqgel n tefsut si tama ɣer tayeḍ, maca iswi yiwen: d amager n tefsut. Nessaram d ansayen ara d-yuɣalen ɣer tuddar i deg ttwattun, akken qqaren Iqbayliyen-nni n zik: » ṭṭfet tisura teldiḍ tiwwura.
nadit ɣef tneggura, tḥarbem ɣef tmezwura ». Akken yebɣu yili insayen n wegdud d iẓuran-is.


text:
Tasenbert Tiniɣit Tagreɣlant
Tasenbert Tiniɣit Tagreɣlant d tuddsa i d-innulfan deg useggas n 2002 s talɣa n teɣdemt tamzwarut izemren ad teẓmeẓ (ad tḥakem) imdanen ireddayen s yinɣayen n tsengert d yinɣayen mgal talsa d yinɣayen n umsenɣi. taɣdemt-a txeddem i wfakki n inagrawen iɣedmanen yellan acku nettat ur tezmir ara ad teg (ad texdm) tamlilt-is ma yella tiɣedmin tiɣelnawin ur d-sbanent ara turat-nset (lebɣi-nsent) deg tsestant mgal tilufa-nni. Dɣa tamasit tagejdant d tin yuɣalen (yeɛnan) ar tmura n ireddayen-nni. Yerna tazmert n teɣdemt tiniɣit tagreɣlant d tin yezzin ɣef tmuɣli ar yinɣayen i d-yellan seld n 1 yulyu 2002 (azmez n wesnulfu-ynes).
Taɣdemt tiniɣit tagreɣlant d tuddsa tagraɣlant tamaɣlalt iswi-ynes d taguri n tlisa d usebded (aseḥbes) n trewla d weslak n ireddayen n twuɣa seg usiẓer. Alammi d ass n 1 yulyu 2012 llant 121 n tmura iy stenyan ɣef usaduf n wesnulfu n teɣdemt-a. Timura n Ccinwa d Lhend d Rusya d Iwunak Yeddukklen n Temrikt d tid id yewwten deg teɣdemt-a yerna ggumant ad stenyint ɣef werkawal-is.
Tasenbert Tiniɣit Tagreɣlant d tuddsa tasnimant ur teṭṭafar ara Tuddsa n Yeɣlanen Yedduklen deg wayen yuɣalen (yeɛnan) ar inawaren d usedrem.


text:
Louis Braille
Louis Braille ilul-d ass wis 4 yennayer 1809 yemmut ass 6 n yennayer 1852.
Yesnulfa-d agemmay n bray iseqdacen iderɣalen d wid ur nettwalli ara akken ad ɣren u ad arun yis-s. Bray qqaren s weslaf n iḍuḍan ɣef isekkilen yettwarun s wenqar n lkaɣeḍ. Assa qrib yal tamesalyt tesɛa agemmay ines n bray d acu kan taqbaylit mazal ur tesɛi wara agemmay ines n bray.
Louis Braille teṭṭef-it tiderɣelt mi yella bab n 3 n yiseggasen. Asmi yessaweḍ 10 n yiseggasen yekcem ɣer uɣerbaz ageldan n Paris i yiderɣalen d acu kan tagnit deg uɣerbaz-nni ur temgarad ara f ayen yellan anda nniḍen. Akken ad iɛiwen iman-is d yiderɣalen deg uɣerbaz yeqdec f tɣara akken ad ɣren u ad arun iderɣalen ula d nutni. deg 1839 Braille yessufɣed adlis yessefham deg-s amek zemren yemdanen ad arun s tira n bray.


text:
Lwis XIII "uɣdim" mmis n Hanri IV akked Marie n Médicis ,ilul ass n 27 cutmber 1601 de waṣuk n Fontainebleau yemmut ass 14 magu 1643 deg aṣuk amaynut n Saint-Germain-en-Laye ,tisulya as akked tgeldunt anna n lɛerc n tutrict d aggemmu id yewwin sin warrac yiwen d Lwis XIV ad yeṭṭfen amḍiq is ma d wayeḍ Philippe duc d'Anjou ad yesenzu axxam n Orléans.
Lwis XIII d agellid afransis si 1610 ar 1643 , tagelda as ɣmeṛ ɣef tecreḍ usenḍuḍeɛ n prutestiyen ,abellen mgar tagelda tutrict, dayen ad iwekden aɣmaṛ d yiɣil iserdasen n tmurt n franca di lber n turuft di tṛad n kṛadet iseggasen.


text:
Wp/shi/Tutlayt Tagrikt
Tutlayt Tagrikt (Eλλnvιkά, ɣmkli s taqran: Elliniká ) tga yat tutlayt tahilinikt, nttat waḥdut ad sul iddrn ɣ tutlayin n tawja y-ad, llan ɣilad ger 15 d 22 mlyun ay sawaln tutlayt ad, ɣ Tagrikt d Cypr aɣ guttn middn lli isawaln tutlayt ad , mac llan ula ɣ tmizar yaḍni zund Turkya, Talyan, Bulgarya, Ukranya, Masedonya n ugafa, Hongrya, Roumanya, Moldavya, Gyorgya. Tutlayt ad tga yat tutlayt iqburn, amzruy nns ilan ɣ uggar n 3500 usggas.
Tirra
Bac ad ttaran tutlayt ad, ar tsxdamn agmmay agrik zɣ wahli mnck aya. Agmmay ad skrn as lmɛyaṛa, ɣilad gis 24 uskkil :
Tanflit
Tnfl tgrikt ɣ umzruy nns lli igan uggar n 3000 n isggwasn. ɣ umzruy nns tzri ɣ kkuzt tkliwin: tagrikt tazaykut d takwanit d tagrikt tamuẓunt d tagrikt tatrart, kraygat taklit ɣ tkliwin ad gis tantaliwn imnaḥyan, idḥina timnuḥyutin tirakalin.
- tantaliwin tigrikin tiqburin (nɣ proto-grec)
- tagrumma arcadochypriote
- mycénien
- arcadien, cypriote, pamphylien
- tagrumma ionien-attique
- attique (tagrikt tazaykut)
- koinè (moyen grec commun)
- tagrikt tatrart
- yévanique
- grec chypriote
- pontique (ar tt sawaln Pontiques)
- cappadocien
- romani-grec
- koinè (moyen grec commun)
- ionien (d'Asie, insulaire, d'Eubée)
- attique (tagrikt tazaykut)
- groupe éolien (béotien, lesbien, thessalien)
- groupe occidental
- dorien (laconien, argien, corinthien, etc.)
- tsakonien
- griko (ar ttisawal ɣ unẓul n tɣrmin n ṭalyan)
- éléen, étolien, locrien, phocidien
- ancien macédonien (avec des traits du thessalien[2])
- dorien (laconien, argien, corinthien, etc.)
- tagrumma arcadochypriote
Tagrikt tazaykut
Tagrikt tazaykut tkkat nn ar ttisawal ɣ ugrik azaku n tizikt, zɣ 1000 ar 330 dat ɛisa. tbḍa f mnnawt tantaliwin. tagrikt tazaykut ar adlli ttyara ɣar s iskkiln imqrann bla asayrar, zund ɣ kra n ismḍal.
Takwanit tagrikt
takwanit tagrikt (« tutlayt tamazart ») ar tt isawal ar ttyara zɣ 330 dat ɛisa ar 330 ḍart n ɛisa ɣ ṭalyan n unẓul, ɣ ibalkann, ɣ ussutl n ill asggan, ɣ anatuli, ɣ miṣra, ɣ sirinayik d baktryan.
Tagrikt tamuẓunt
Tuckad zɣ takwanit, tagrikt tamuẓunt tga tutlayt n 'tambirt tarumanit n usnqr ngar 330 ar 1453, d iwnak s tt ḍfirn (tambbirt n nisi, disbbuta n ibbirus, tambbirt n tribizund, Despotat de Morée et Principauté de Théodoros). llant mnnawt tunɣilin lli sul ittiysawaln ḍfir anɣubu n iwnak ad[3] :
- Yat « tattikt », ar tt yadlli smrasn imusnawn ;
- Yat yaḍn, tasgdant, tga tt l'Akoλouθιkή Eλλnvιkή (« grec liturgique »), slawan akkʷ amarg;
- Tiyyaḍ, ttinin asnt Meσaιwvιkές δnuotιkές (« timuẓunin tiɣrfanin »), gan tt :
- Έλλaδιkή (« helladique », ɣ ugrik, tama n l'iji d kunstantinbul), asala n tgrikt tatrart,
- Katwιtaλιώtιkn (« italiote », ɣ kalabr d sisil) izḍar is tga asala n griku,
- Πovtιkή (« pontique »,tama n ill asggan, taqburt tayyunit tuckad zɣ tattikt), asala n tantala tabbuntikt tatrart,
- Notιkή (« n unẓul», ɣ sirinayik d miṣr), tnɣuba,
- Avatoλιkή (« tasnqrt», ɣ tazit tamzyant tagnsant, anatuli d usnqr anammas), tnɣuba.
- ΓeBavιkή (« yévanique », zɣ tɛibrit יון Yāvān dars anamk n« iyuni », tga amaḍal agric), ar ttsawaln irumaniutn (udayn igrikn) d tnɣuba.
Tagrikt tatrart
tagrikt tatrart tkkad tagrikt tamuẓunt, (nɣ rumayk) ar ttiysawal ɣ ugrik d ɣ qubrus zɣ 1453, mac ar yadlli tisawal wahli mnck ɣ unqr n ill agrakal, ɣ unẓul n ṭalyan d ɣ principautés danubiennes. llant gis ɣik sḍist tunɣilin : tadimutikt nɣ « tagrikt tamazart tatrart », tutlayt tunṣibt ɣ ugrik d ɣ qubrus, kataribusa (kaθapeύouσa) nɣ « tagrikt taḥurrit tatrart » lli igan tantala n tama n ill agarakal d griku n ṭalyan. llant altu tantaliwin yaḍn, am kabbadusyan n anatuli ur sul srs isawal bla kra n imsawaln iwssarn zɣ imzwagn n mirkasyat. tagrikt tamazart tadimutikt tssn altu tantaliwin iẓlin s tgzirin slawan akkʷ kritwa d taqubrusit.
Ɣ turkya, iturkin lli s ur nssn mnck ad gan ssn snat tutlayin atnt igan d tgrikt d turkit: ɣ ma iggutn gan imikrazyatn ikcmn s islam zɣ « tawaɣit tamqrant » n 1923 afad ad ruln i tmyaqqant n luzan d ad qqimn ɣ tgʷmma nnsn. ra tn sul taft ɣ dar taɣarin n turkya, ula ɣ tgzirin n imbrus d tinidɛs. asqsi icqqa, s usrag n anamuran, ur ttinin isfka f tussna d tutlayt tagrikt, mac ɣar f « uɣrf » agrik, ra d gin 5000. mac ra d gin uggar ɣ tidt. iskkiln n tgrikt ttugdal ɣ turkya, n idḥina ar tyara s iskkiln ilatinn. mac llan islidn, s umdya ɣ tgzirin n imbrus d tinidus, lli ɣ llan inamurn iturkiyn nna dar tlla tussna tagrikt, d ɣ istanbul, ɣ usɣim n tabtryarkt n kustantinbbul, mac ɣ yan usati adlsan d adlsan nn dar illa uṣniɛ uslig d ur igin unṣib, wala asrtan wala amttr, acku awnk aturki alayki ur ar tqbal s unṣib bla tutlayt taturkit s uskkil alatin. takurdit d tɛrabt ttsurufnt ɣar ɣ usayrur uslig.
Isaɣuln
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tutlayt Tagrikt". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ M. Hatzopoulos, « Le parler des anciens Macédoniens », La Macédoine, Géographie historique, Langue, Cultes et croyances, Institutions, De Boccard, Paris, 2006, ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ:35-51.
- ↑ Francis T. Gignac, The Koine is the direct ancestor of medieval and Modern Greek, Oxford University Press Inc. 1993.


text:
Tamurt n Ibaskiyen
Tamurt Ibaskiyen tuzga-d ger snat n tmura: Fransa akk d Spenyul (Spanya). Imezdaɣ-is isem-nnsen Ibaskiyen. Tamaneɣt-is Bilbao.
Amezruy n tmurt n Ibaskiyen yella-d di tlisa n snat n temnaḍin [1]:
- Tamurt n Ibaskiyen ugafa
- Tamurt n Ibaskiyen n wenẓul
DI TMURT N YIBASKIYEN N UGAFAẒreg
Anadi di tserkam n tmetti n leqrun wis 16, wis 17 d wis 18 yesskanay-d d akken tiserkam iḥekmen Tamurt n Yibaskiyen di tallit-nni llant tekksent-d rrbeḥ-nsent seg yiqeddicen ay llant xeddment i lmend n Ugellid n Fransa akk d Navarre n Wadda, dɣa ɣef wanect-a, kra n Yibirjwaziyen ibaskiyen llan ttṣaḥen-asen-d yimukan ɛlayen di leḥkem, yettxelliṣ-iten ugellid, seɛɛun tifesniwin deg yigen yernu tekksen-asen i wiyaḍ ixfawen-nsen ihaggaren (noblesse) akk d yimukan-nsen n leḥkem. Sponde, Bela, Belsance, Gramont, Etchauz akk d Meharin llan seg wid yeṭṭfen leḥkem u tuli yis-sen ddunit imi ay sennden ɣer tgeldit tafrensist akk d yimasiwen ay iqerben s agellid. Wwḍen alammi ay ten-tecrek nnesba yid-sen yernu sduklen ssɛaya-nsen akk d tin n wigi. D acu kan, anect-agi diɣ yessaweḍ-iten ad ssersen imal n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen ger n yifassen n Fransa, ur reglen- as abrid i uzureg (indépendance) n tmurt-nsen. Tawaddfa-yagi yessbanay-aɣ-tt-id mliḥ umezruy di tallit n Wemgaru n Tesreḍt [asmi ay nnuɣen Yikaṭuliyen d Yeprrutistanen di Fransa si 1562 ɣer 1598]. Imir-n, aṭas n yimasiwen ibaskiyen (am Luxe, Espelette, Garou, Etchauz akk d Domezain) ay d-ibedden i lmend n Ugellid n Fransa, akken ad t-ḥudden, dɣa rran timura-nsen s ddaw n leḥkem n tgeldit, ladɣa di tallit n Charles IX. Yernu nnernan wassaɣen n lemɛawna ugar di tallit n Henri IV (Henri III n Navarre), ay d-yeskecmen aṭas n yimasiwen Ibaskiyen ɣer leqṣer-ines u gar-asen nezmer ad d-nader Armendaritz, Laxague akk d Haramboure. Tawaddfa-yagi n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen ɣer Fransa yesseɛjel-itt-id rrbeḥ n tgeldit mgal n Usemmeskel [abeddel n tesreḍt takaṭulit] akk d wesbeddi n tsertit n usselmes tafrensist.
- Mgal timerkanṭit
« I tɣimit n tlella, n yesladen akk d yeglamen » d awal ay llan ttɛawaden-t-id si Palais alamma d Ustaritz, Yibaskiyen inesbuɣar (imerkantiyen) yeṭṭfen leḥkem di leqrun wis 17 d wis 18. Kra n yenmezrayen walan anect-a d asuter n Yibaskiyen akken ad awin tilelli u ad ḥekmen i yiman-nsen tisuda tibaskiyin, d acu kan, anect-a ur iṣehḥa ara imi d wid-n akken ay yellan qqaren-d awal-agi ay yellan tekksen-d lfayda meqqren si tedbelt (administration) n Tgeldit tafrensist. Ihi, "tilelli" ay llan ssuturen-tt-id wigi yezmer kan ahat ad ilin qeṣden-d yis-s lebɣi-nsen akken ad ten-id-tuɣal tlelli-nni n zik ay d asen-tespuḥ tsertit n usselmes n Fransa, am wakken ara yili usuter-agi-nsen yesskanay-d diɣ tugdi-nsen akken ad asen-truḥ tlelli d leḥkem sya ar sdat imi di tallit-nni tella a d-tettenka r tserkemt tamaynut n yemzenza d yimawlan n wakal akk d yimesbankiyen ilibirraliyen, ay yellan ttuɣalen d inesbuɣar (imerkantiyen) s lɛejlan yernu zgan-d mgal n uqader n yisuḍaf, akken ma llan. Nezmer dɣa ad d-nefk sin n yimedyaten i deg ara d-nesban aya : Di 1784, ssutren yimawlan n wakal inesbuɣar n Navarre seg unemzaɣ n Béarnais, Polverel, ad as-yaru asektay i Ugellid n Fransa i deg ara d as-yessefhem ayɣer ay ilaq ad qqiment "tlella d yesladen" n tgeldit n Navarre, dɣa asmi yexdem aya, fkan-as yimawlan n wakal Ibaskiyen amkan gar-asen, yuɣal ula d netta yesɛa akal u yerbeḥ-d ixef n tihhugra. D acu kan, lemmer ad nwali mliḥ s agbur n wayen d-issumer, ad nẓer d akken Polverel yessider-d takti n ussuter n tfulmant (autonomie) di lweqt i deg wiyaḍ akk ttun-tt [u a ttxemmimen amek ara kemmlen ad ttidiren deg yeglamen s ddaw n leɛnaya n Fransa], yernu yewwet-d Polverel deg usektay-is mgal n "unedbal n wakalen" ay yellan yekkat mgal n twaculin tinesbuɣar timaynutin n yemzenza akk d yimesbankiyen. Yuɣ lḥal, Polverel iger-d tivri, xas maci s ledjherr, akken ad asen-d-uɣalen i Yibaskiyen yizerfan-nsen ay sen-yefka umezruy, ad asen-d-tuval tmurt n lejdud-nsen i deg ttalasen, yernu ayen ara d-yesbegnen aya netta d akken Polverel yuv abrid-is i yiman-is asmi ay d-tekker Tegrawla tafrensist.
- Tagrawla tafrensist
Atmaten n twacult n Garat n Ustaritz, ay ttwalin yenmazrayen seg wid yellan ttḥuddun "tisuda tibaskiyin", leɛben ddurr d ameqqran di lebni n Tegrawla tafrensist akk d wesbeddi n unagraw azerfan (système juridique) d tedbelt tamaynut n Fransa. D acu kan, asmi ay ttwakksen akk yeglamen imsugal deg yiḍ n 4 Ɣect 1789, ttwakksent ula d tisuda tibaskiyin, xas akken ifuk lḥif ɣef wegdud abaski, ay yeddren acḥal d leqrun s ddaw n lbaṭel n yimasiwen, ma d atmaten n twacult n Garat, rewlen s tuffra si tmurt. Tagrawla tafrensist tefka azal, di tgara, i tutlayt tafrensist ay yuɣalen d tutlayt tawḥidt i yes tteddu tegduda, i yes ttdeddu tedbelt akk d yiɣerbazen. Ibaskiyen n Ugafa (n Fransa) ay d-yuran ɣef tnettit tabaskit seg yimir-n d asawen, am Antoine d'Abbadie di "Eskualtzaleen Biltzara", ur d asen-iban ara webrid ara aɣen, wanag llan ttmalen tikwal ɣer tesnakta takarlit (carlisme), tikwal ɣer tesnakta tafrensist yerran tutlayin timedrusa n Fransa d aḥric kan seg ufulklurr n tmiwa n tmurt. D acu kan, llan-d kra n yemyura ay nezmer ad d-nini d akken d tisuraf (exceptions), am Chaho akk d Broussain.
Di tmurt n y ibaskiyen n wenẓul, di spenyulẒreg
Di lqern wis 18, talibirralit taspenyulit tella d nettat ay d tasnakta ay ḍefrent s umata tserkam ɛlayen n Yibaskiyen n Spenyul, wid yellan sɛan aṭas n wakal, akk d yiburjwaziyen n temdinin yebdan seɛɛun akal neɣ llan bɣan ad t-sɛun. Taɣdart (élite) n Yibaskiyen akk d tin n Yikatalanen llant d tirebbaɛ yesɛan aswir adelsan (niveau culturel) ɛlayen akk di tmetti taspenyulit, yernu llan dima d nitni ay d imezwura di tmurt ay d-ilemmden ayen d-yettnulfun d amaynut di tussna di tmura nniêen n Turruft . Aṭas deg-sen ay yellan ttaznen arraw-nsen akken ad ɣren di tesdawiyin n Fransa d Legliz neɣ di tesdawit n Bergara. D tarbaɛt-agi diɣ ay d-yesbedden Takebbanit nCaracas, d takebbanit n tnezzawtmeqqren ay ṭṭfen Yibaskiyen yernu tettekka mliḥ di tenneflit n Venezuela.
Tura-d tmesnalest (anthropulug) Marianne Heiberg : «Deg wayen yerzan tinettit, at tegrawt-agi llan ttwalin iman-nsen d akken ulac wi yellan d "Ispenyuliyen" ugar-nsen di Spenyul. Llan ḥesben iman-nsen ṣubben-d seg wid-n akken umi ur xliḍen ara yidammen akk d Yimurriyen neɣ Uwdayen, wid-n akken yessuffɣen ikefrriyen* yernu rran-d taɣerma akk d Tamasiḥit ɣer tmurt. Xas ulamma aṭas deg-sen llan ttmeslayen tabaskit, d taspenyulit ay llan smenyafayen ad tt-sqedcen ama deg wexxam neɣ di berra» [2] U terna-d : «Dɣa amkan ay d as-fkan wigi i tbaskit d win kan n tutlayt n yimeksawen, d tutlayt n yimezdaɣen n tmurt ur d-neswi si tala n ṭṭbeɛ akk d tɣerma, di lweqt i deg taspenyulit tella d tutlayt n ṭṭbeɛ, n yedles, n leqraya akk d rrbeḥ n temdinin, yernu simmal yella yettali ccan n temdinin, simmal tella tettuɣal tbaskit di rrif, tettzad fell-as tḥeqranit». [*yuɣ lḥal, Ispenyuliyen yennuɣen mgal n Yinselmen di Spenyul, llan ttwalin Inselmen d Wuwdayen d ikefrriyen.] Si 1876 d asawen, beddlen wid yellan di tserkam yeṭṭfen leḥkem : anekcum n tmurt n Yibaskiyen s ulzuz (ssuq) akk d usaḍuf (lqanun) aspenyuli yewwi-d yid-s yiwet n tegrawt (tarbaɛt) tamaynut n yinesbuɣar iqeddcen di temguri (industrie) akk d tbankiwin (banques), yernu wigi wwḍen alammi ay ṭṭfen imukan ɛlayen deg udabu aspenyuli. Iburjwaziyen-agi yennerna leḥkem d timmerkantit-nsen asmi ay d-sbedden anagraw n "Conciertos Economicos" (Iburaz Udmisen), d ayen ay ten-yeddjan ad rren tiseqquma n temnaḍin ddaw n leḥkem-nsen u ad sneqsen tiwsi ɣef wayen llan xeddmen-t-id u znuzuyen-t, dɣa anect-a yegla-d s uxeṣṣar ameqqran ɣef tserkemt n yiqeddacen akk d wegdud s umata. Tamsedrast-agi tabaskit tuɣal d aḥric si tburjwazit taɣelnawt taspenyulit yernu aɣerya ad teqdec i lmend n lebni n tmurt timsihrit tatrart di Tmurt n Yibaskiyen, nettat teqdec i lebni n tmurt n Spenyul.
TimsulyaẒreg
- ↑ http://imedyazen1.tripod.com/
- ↑ Marianne Heiberg, The Making of the Basque Nation, Cambridge University Press, 2007-09-17 - 284 pages.


text:
Tinnagrawt
Tinnagrawt deg tussniwin n tudert d umezruy agaman d tussna tuzdigt n usismel n temsurta deg snat n talliyin (izri d yimal) d wassaɣ gar Imuddiren deg talliyin, s tenfalit tamatant (s umata) d ayen ara ad yeǧǧen amdan ad yegzu (ad yefhem) amezruy anemhaz n tudert deg tegnit.
Tikwal, irem n tennagrawt d win yemmegdan (yemsawan) d yirem n usismel n tesnudert, akken ig yezmer daɣen ad yemmerwi (ad yexleḍ) d usismel ussnan.
Ifurken d isnasen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
inagmayen ssexdamen deg tezrawt n tennagrawt tasnudrant ifurken yemgaraden i wakken ad rnun ad gzun (ad fehmen) aṭas ɣef wassaɣ gar Imuddiren yemgaraden, ifurken-a ttwasxedmen i sbadu (i wbeggen) n isnasen d isexdamen n inagrawen itraren
Tinnagrawin tisnudranin ssismilent tilmas s 3 n ifurken imezlayen. s usexdem n ifurken imezlayen, inagmayen zemren ad sbadun (ad beggnen) isnasen d isexdamen n tennagrawin n tallit tatrart
Igburen n snasen-a:
- Tazrawt n imuddiren de tukza (ameyyez) gar n imuddiren i negren d wid i zeddiɣ (mazal) ddren
- Andar d useddu n wassaɣen ussnanen d iglamen n telmas d tiẓra timatanin d usnay n isismilen isnudranen d usismel n imezruyen inemhazen d imezruyen n imuddiren
- Assegzu n tuggtiwin tisnudranin deg [[tagnit|tegnit]
- Aɣmar ɣef umadal agaman


text:
Tajumma
Anrar neɣ Tajumma d akat i kra n tama yettwasuttlen deg kra n tɣult ɣef tiggi, d talɣa ifraren deg-s n tama yettwasuttlen gar n kuẓ (4) n izelman s yiwet n teɣzi anda sin deg-sen d imsadaɣen ma d sin niden d ibeddayen yakk d umezwaru. Anecta ad yili s talɣa n umkuẓ. Seg talɣa ayi ad tili tsuddemt n yakk talɣiwin n tjummiwin niden, mi ara ad tili teɣzi n izelman-a d yiwet tigget n wakat n teɣzi, imir-nni tama yettwasuttlen gar-asent yettumeggez d yiwet n tigget n wakat n tjumma. Ihi, ma yella-d wemkuẓ teɣzi n yebdi-ines 1 m, tajumma-ines ad tegdu 1 m²
Asiden n tjumma yezmer ad yili s wemdan n imkuẓen n tigget n tjumma tamurant d tummidt.
Deg unagraw agreɣlan n tiggtin, tigget n wakat n tjumma tga d amiter amkuẓ (m²), dɣa amiter amkuẓ iga d tajkmma n yibdo teɣzi-ines 1 m. Akken illant waṭas n tiftarin yettwassnen i tjummiwin n talɣiwin ifraren am ikerdisen d iserman d twinas. S usemres n taftarin-a yezmer ad yili usiden n tjumma n yal ibdi s wegzam n yibdiyen ɣer ikerdisen neɣ ɣer twinas i tuwwit (aḥelli) n talɣiwin tuzligin yakk d tilas
Tigda i wsiden n tjumma[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
D agejdam d akken tajumma n wesrem i d-iqqaren d akken tajumma n wesrem tegda teɣzi-ines × tehri-ines, dɣa anecta d ayen izemren a d-ittwakez war anza fell-as s turrit n tamawt mi ara ad ittwaqelled wesrem tehri-ines d tigget ma d teɣzi-ines d kra n wemdan seg tiggtin, ad yettwala d akken amdan n tiggtin timkuẓin i d-issiliɣen tajumma n wesrem tegda amdan n tiggtin tizegrarin (n teɣzi) i d-issiliɣen teɣzi n wesrem, yerna s tmerniwt n wemdan n tiggtin n teɣzi ad yettwala d akken tajumma n wesrem trennu s yiwen n watih, s wanecta ad ibin d akken tajumma n wesrem tegda teɣzi-ines × tehri-ines.
- Tajumma n ukerdis = ½ × azadur × tiddi, s tira deg tugna: anda: b d teɣzi n uzadur, ma d h d teɣzi n tiddi.
- Tajumma n tiggi n twinest anda: r d azgen n ukdu n twinest.
- Tajumma n tiggi n tuzza anda: r d azgen n ukdu n tuzza.
- Tajumma n uzunglay: Pi () × azgen n ukdu n ugellus ameqran × azgen n ukdu n ugellus ameẓyan
- Akat n tjummiwin ticuranin d tid yettwasuttlen yezmer ad yili s usemres n tussna n uneẓlay d weɣrad
- Tajumma n umkuẓ = teɣzi n yibdi L² neɣ A = L2