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1:1 Nekk Bulus, Silwan akk-d Timuti, i tejmaɛt n watmaten yellan di temdint n Tiṣalunik yumnen s Sidi Ṛebbi baba-tneɣ akk-d Ssid-nneɣ Ɛisa lmasiḥ. Ṛṛeḥma ț-țalwit a d-ersent fell-awen.
1:2 Yal ass nețḥemmid Sidi Ṛebbi fell-awen ; mkul m'ara nedɛu ɣuṛ-es, nețțader-ikkun-id di tẓallit-nneɣ.
1:3 Nețmektay-ikkun-id zdat Sidi Ṛebbi baba-tneɣ, ɣef wayen akk txeddmem seg wasmi tumnem s Ssid-nneɣ Ɛisa Lmasiḥ ; tqeblem aț-țenneɛtabem ɣef ddemma n yisem-is imi tḥemmlem-t yerna lețkal-nwen fell-as d ameqqran.
1:4 Ay atmaten eɛzizen ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi, neẓra belli d nețța i kkun-id ixtaṛen.
1:5 Lexbeṛ-agi n lxiṛ i wen-d newwi mačči d imeslayen kan, lameɛna s țțeḥqiq i wen-d-nbecceṛ lexbaṛ-agi n tideț, s tezmert n Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen. Teẓram amek i nedda gar-awen, asm'akken i nella ɣuṛ-wen ; nexdem ayagi iwakken a kkun-nɛiwen di tikli-nwen.
1:6 Ula d kunwi tuɣalem tețțeddum am nukni deg webrid n Ssid-nneɣ, imi di teswiɛt iweɛṛen i tqeblem awal-is s lfeṛḥ i d-ițțak Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen.
1:7 S wakka tuɣalem d lemtel i wid akk yumnen, i gellan di tmura n Masidunya akk-d Akaya.
1:8 Axaṭer s ɣuṛ-wen, lexbaṛ n lxiṛ iwweḍ mačči kan ɣer tmura-agi, meɛna slan s liman-nwen di Sidi Ṛebbi di mkul amkan. Daymi fiḥel a d-nemmeslay fell-awen.
1:9 Imdanen meṛṛa ḥekkun amek i tesṭerḥbem yis-nneɣ, amek i d-tuɣalem ɣer webrid n Sidi Ṛebbi, teǧǧam aɛbad n ssadaț, iwakken aț-țḍuɛem Sidi Ṛebbi n tideț, Sidi Ṛebbi yeddren.
1:10 Yerna tețṛaǧum a d-yuɣal Ssid nneɣ Ɛisa seg igenwan, Mmi-s-nni i d-isseḥya si ger lmegtin ; d nețța ara ɣ-isellken ass n lḥisab.
2:1 Ay atmaten, kunwi s yiman-nwen teẓram mačči mbla lmeɛna i d-nusa ɣuṛ-wen.
2:2 Teẓram daɣen nenneɛtab, nețwargem di temdint n Filibus, meɛna neṭṭef di liman-nneɣ di Sidi Ṛebbi, nkemmel abecceṛ n wawal-is gar-awen ɣas akken nețwaqehheṛ.
2:3 Lexbeṛ-agi n lxiṛ i wen-d newwi ur ibni ara ɣef lekdeb neɣ ɣef tḥila d lexdeɛ.
2:4 Sidi Ṛebbi ițkel fell-aɣ, daymi i ɣ-iceggeɛ iwakken a nbecceṛ awal-is. Axaṭer iẓra nețmeslay mačči iwakken a neɛǧeb i yemdanen, meɛna iwakken a s-neɛǧeb i nețța yessnen ulawen-nneɣ.
2:5 Teẓram belli leɛmeṛ ur nemmeslay s usqizzeb neɣ neḍmeɛ kra deg yiwen, atan Sidi Ṛebbi d inigi !
2:6 Leɛmeṛ ur nqelleb ad yali ccan-nneɣ ama ɣuṛ-wen ama ɣer wiyaḍ ; yerna lemmer nebɣi, nezmer a nḥettem iman-nneɣ fell-awen imi d imceggɛen n Lmasiḥ i nella !
2:7 Meɛna asmi nella gar-awen, neččuṛ d leḥnana am tyemmaț ițḥadaren ɣef warraw-is.
2:8 Imi tellam deg wulawen-nneɣ, mačči kan d lexbaṛ n lxiṛ n Sidi Ṛebbi i nebɣa a wen-nbecceṛ, meɛna nezmer a nsebbel ula ț-țiṛwiḥin-nneɣ fell-awen, axaṭer teɛzizem fell-aɣ aṭas.
2:9 Ma tecfam ay atmaten ɣef wussan nni mi i wen-d-newwi lexbaṛ n lxiṛ, nenneɛtab, nxeddem iḍ d wass akken ur nețțili ț-țaɛkumt ula i yiwen deg-wen.
2:10 Ṛebbi yeẓra, kunwi teẓram belli tikli-nneɣ teṣfa, nedda s lḥeqq, yiwen ur aɣ-d-issukkes lɛib gar-awen kunwi s wid yumnen.
2:11 Teẓram daɣen nella i mkul yiwen deg-wen am ubabat ɣer warraw-is.
2:12 Nenha-kkun, nesseǧhed-ikkun, nḥellel-ikkun iwakken aț-țeddum akken yebɣa Sidi Ṛebbi i wen-d issawlen ɣer tgeldit-is d lɛaḍima-s.
2:13 S wakka nețḥemmid dayem Sidi Ṛebbi imi tqeblem awal-is i wen-d newwi. Tqeblem-t mačči am akken d awal n wemdan, meɛna tqeblem-t imi d awal n Sidi Ṛebbi. D awal-agi i gxeddmen deg-wen tura, kunwi s wid yumnen.
2:14 Ay atmaten, tedṛa yid-wen am tejmuyaɛ n imasiḥiyen yellan di tmurt n Yahuda : akken i kkun-qehṛen warraw n tmurt-nwen akken daɣen i ten-qehṛen wudayen.
2:15 D udayen-agi i genɣan Ssid nneɣ Ɛisa Lmasiḥ akk-d lenbiya, d nutni daɣen i ɣ-iqehṛen. Ɛuṣan Sidi Ṛebbi yerna d iɛdawen n yemdanen.
2:16 Rnan kemmlen di ddnubat-nsen, axaṭer ur ɣ-ǧǧin ara a nbecceṛ leslak n Sidi Ṛebbi i leǧnas nniḍen ur nelli ara n wat Isṛail. S wakka i d-yeɣli lɛiqab n Sidi Ṛebbi fell-asen.
2:17 Ma d nukni ay atmaten seg wasmi i d-nṛuḥ s ɣuṛ-wen, ɣas akken ur kkun-ẓerrent ara wallen, tellam deg wulawen-nneɣ ; nxaq fell-awen aṭas, daymi i neɛṛeḍ a d-nas iwakken a kkun-nẓer.
2:18 Acḥal n tikkal i nebɣa a nuɣal ɣuṛ-wen, nekk s yiman-iw, yiwet neɣ snat n tikkal i ɛerḍeɣ a n-ruḥeɣ, meɛna Cciṭan ur aɣ yeǧǧi ara, iqḍeɛ-aɣ abrid.
2:19 D kunwi i d sebba n usirem d lfeṛḥ-nneɣ ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi, yis-wen ara nzuxx zdat Ssid-nneɣ Ɛisa asm'ara d-yuɣal.
2:20 Ț-țideț, d kunwi i d can nneɣ i d lfeṛḥ-nneɣ.
3:1 Imi ur nezmir ara a neṣbeṛ fell-awen nnig wannect-a, nufa-d yiwen ṛṛay : nukni a neqqim di temdint n Atinya,
3:2 ma d gma-tneɣ Timuti, aqeddac n Sidi Ṛebbi, ițbecciṛen lexbaṛ n lxiṛ n Lmasiḥ, a wen-t-in-nceggeɛ a kkun isseǧhed yerna a kkun-inhu di liman nwen,
3:3 iwakken yiwen ur ifeččel di teswiɛt-agi n uqehheṛ. Teẓram belli ayagi d ayen i ɣ-ițṛaǧun.
3:4 Asmi nella yid-wen nenna-yawen yakan belli a d-yas wass i deg ara nețwaqehheṛ. Atan tura twalam belli d ayen ideṛṛun.
3:5 Imi xaqeɣ fell-awen, ur zmireɣ ara ad ṣebṛeɣ, ceggɛeɣ-awen gma tneɣ Timuti iwakken a yi-d-yawi lexbaṛ ma mazal teṭṭfem di liman nwen ; axaṭer uggadeɣ a kkun iɣuṛṛ Cciṭan, aț-țețțum ayen akk i wen-nesselmed, uggadeɣ lxedma nneɣ aț-țuɣal d ulac.
3:6 Mi d-yuɣal Timuti s ɣuṛ-wen, yewwi-yaɣ-d lexbaṛ yelhan fell-awen : iḥka-yaɣ-d amek tḍuɛem Sidi Ṛebbi, d leḥmala yellan wway gar-awen ; yenna-yaɣ-d daɣen amek i ɣ-d țmektayem, ur aɣ-tețțum ara, tḥarem melmi ara ɣ-teẓrem am akken i nxaq fell-awen ula d nukni.
3:7 Ay atmaten, ɣas akka nella di lmeḥna d iɣeblan, theddnen wulawen nneɣ ɣef wayen yeɛnan liman-nwen.
3:8 Tura yuɣal-aɣ-d ṛṛuḥ imi neẓra teṭṭfem di Ssid-nneɣ Ɛisa Lmasiḥ.
3:9 Lfeṛḥ-nneɣ d ameqqran zdat Sidi Ṛebbi ɣef ddemma-nwen. Akken nebɣu neḥmed-it fell-awen drus.
3:10 Nețḥellil Sidi Ṛebbi am iḍ am ass, a ɣ-d-yefk tagniț i deg ara kkun-nẓer, iwakken a wen-nkemmel aselmed n wayen i kkun-ixuṣṣen di liman-nwen.
3:11 Nessutur Sidi Ṛebbi baba-tneɣ d Ssid-nneɣ Ɛisa a ɣ-d-ldin iberdan iwakken a n-nas ɣuṛ-wen.
3:12 Ad isnerni Ṛebbi leḥmala i tesɛam wway gar-awen, aț-țḥemmlem daɣen imdanen meṛṛa am akken i kkun nḥemmel nukni.
3:13 Ad isseǧhed Ṛebbi ulawen nwen, iwakken aț-țeṣfum, aț-țilim mbla lɛib zdat Sidi Ṛebbi baba-tneɣ i wass i deg ara d-yuɣal Ssid-nneɣ Ɛisa Lmasiḥ nețța d lmalayekkat.
4:1 Ay atmaten, tlemdem s ɣuṛ-nneɣ amek ara teddum iwakken aț-țɛeǧbem i Sidi Ṛebbi ; a kkun nenhu s yisem n Sidna Ɛisa Lmasiḥ kemmlet ɣer zdat iwakken aț țimɣuṛem.
4:2 Ay atmaten teẓram belli lewṣayat i wen-nesselmed, kkant-ed s ɣuṛ Sidna Ɛisa Lmasiḥ.
4:3 D ṣṣfa n wulawen-nwen i gebɣa Sidi Ṛebbi ; yebɣa aț-țḥadrem iman nwen si lefsad,
4:4 yal yiwen deg-wen ur ițțak ara lebɣi i tnefsit-is deg wayen icemten ; ad iddu s ṣṣfa d lḥeṛma,
4:5 ur ițmenni ara ayen icemten am akken xeddmen imejhal ur nessin ara Sidi Ṛebbi.
4:6 Deg wannect-agi ilaq yiwen ur ițkellix gma-s di tlufa yeɛnan idrimen. Acḥal n tikkal i kkun-nweṣṣa iwakken aț-țḥadrem iman-nwen axaṭer Sidi Ṛebbi ad yerr țțar akken i wen-t-id-nenna !
4:7 Sidi Ṛebbi ur aɣ-d-inni ara a neddu di lefsad meɛna iweṣṣa-yaɣ-d a neddu s ṣṣfa.
4:8 S wakka win ur neqbil ara lewṣayat-agi, mačči d amdan i gɛuṣa, meɛna iɛuṣa Sidi Ṛebbi i wen-d-ițțaken Ṛṛuḥ-is iqedsen.
4:9 Ɣef wayen yeɛnan tagmaț, fiḥel ma nemmeslay-awen-d fell-as, imi temyeḥmalem wway gar-awen akken i tlemdem s ɣuṛ Sidi Ṛebbi.
4:10 Akken daɣen i tḥemmlem atmaten yellan di tmurt n Masidunya meṛṛa. Di leɛnaya nwen ay atmaten, kemmlet deg webrid-agi.
4:11 Nadit aț-țɛicem di talwit, ur țɛassat ara d acu i xeddmen wiyaḍ. Xedmet s ifassen-nwen, ur ṭṭamaɛet ara aɣṛum-nwen deg wiyaḍ, akken i kkun-nweṣṣa yakan
4:12 iwakken a kkun-qadṛen medden ɣef ddemma n tikli nwen yeṣfan, yerna ur tețțilim ț-țaɛkumt ula i yiwen.
4:13 Ay atmaten, ur nebɣi ara a kkun-neǧǧ di ccekk ɣef wayen yeɛnan wid yemmuten, iwakken ur tețțilim ara di leḥzen am wid ur nesɛi ara asirem n leslak n Sidna Ɛisa.
4:14 Axaṭer akken numen belli Sidna Ɛisa yemmut yuɣal yeḥya-d, numen daɣen belli Sidi Ṛebbi a d-isseḥyu wid yemmuten, imi umnen s Sidna Ɛisa.
4:15 Atah wayen ara wen-d-nini akken i t-id-isselmed Ssid-nneɣ : ma yella mazal-aɣ nedder asm'ara d-yuɣal, ur nețțili ara d imezwura ɣef wid yemmuten.
4:16 Axaṭer m'ara d-iffeɣ lameṛ, m'ara d-tenṭeq taɣect n lmelk akk-d ṣṣut n lbuq n Sidi Ṛebbi, Sidna Ɛisa s yiman-is a d-iṣubb seg igenni, imiren widak-nni yemmuten, llan umnen yis, a d-ḥyun d imezwura si ger lmegtin.
4:17 Ma d nukni ma yella mazal-aɣ nedder, a nețwarfed yid-sen ɣef wusigna, a nemmager Sidna Ɛisa deg igenwan, iwakken a nili yid-es i dayem.
4:18 Ihi mseǧhadet, mṣebbaṛet wway gar-awen s yimeslayen-agi.
5:1 Ɣef wayen yeɛnan ussan akk d lweqt, fiḥel ma nura-yawen fell-asen.
5:2 Teẓram s yiman-nwen belli ass-nni, Sidna Ɛisa a d-yuɣal am umakar deg iḍ.
5:3 M'ara yinin yemdanen : « aql-aɣ di lehna ț-țalwit, » ass-nni ur țfiqen ara alamma yeɣli-d fell-asen nnger, am lewjaɛ m'ara ṭṭfen tameṭṭut yellan s tadist, yernu yiwen ur imenneɛ.
5:4 Ma d kunwi ay atmaten, ur tellim ara di ṭṭlam iwakken a d-iɣli wass-nni fell-awen am umakar ;
5:5 axaṭer kunwi d arraw n tafat, tețțeddum deg wass ; nukni ur nelli ara d arraw n ṭṭlam iteddun deg yiḍ.
5:6 Ihi ur ilaq ara a neɣfel am wiyaḍ, meɛna ilaq a nɛass iman-nneɣ yerna a nɛiwez.
5:7 Wid yegganen gganen deg yiḍ, wid iṣekkren țṣekkiren deg yiḍ.
5:8 Ma d nukni yellan d arraw n tafat, a nɛass ɣef yiman-nneɣ : a nesɛu liman d leḥmala am llebsa n wuzzal ițlusu uɛeskṛi, a nesɛu asirem n leslak, am tcacit n wuzzal ɣef wuqeṛṛuy.
5:9 Axaṭer Sidi Ṛebbi ur aɣ-ixtaṛ ara iwakken a nețwaɛaqeb, meɛna yebɣa a nesɛu leslak s Ssid-nneɣ Ɛisa Lmasiḥ
5:10 i gemmuten fell-aɣ, iwakken ama nedder ama nemmut a nili yid-es.
5:11 S wakka ihi, țemseǧhadet, țemṣebbaṛet wway gar-awen akken i txeddmem yakan.
5:12 Di leɛnaya-nwen ay atmaten, qadṛet wid iqeddcen gar-awen, axaṭer s yisem n Sidna Ɛisa Lmasiḥ i kkun nehhun, i kkun-sselmaden.
5:13 Ɛuzzet țen tḥemmlem-ten ɣef ddemma n lxedma-nsen, ɛicet di lehna wway gar-awen.
5:14 Di leɛnaya-nwen ay atmaten : nhut wid iteddun s yir tikli, ṣebbṛet wid iwumi ɣlin ifadden, refdet wid ifeclen, swesɛet ulawen-nwen ɣuṛ-sen meṛṛa.
5:15 Ḥadret iman-nwen ur țțarat ara țțaṛ, qellbet ɣef wayen yelhan ama gar-awen ama ɣer imdanen meṛṛa.
5:16 Ilit dayem di lfeṛḥ,
5:17 yal ass deɛɛut ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi,
5:18 ḥemmdet-eț ɣef kullec. D ayagi i gețṛaǧu Sidi Ṛebbi deg-wen, di tikli-nwen akk-d Ɛisa Lmasiḥ.
5:19 Ur snusut ara tafat n Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen ;
5:20 ur ḥeqqṛet ara ayen i d-ițweḥḥi Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen i yemdanen.
5:21 Meɛna meyzet, qeblet ayen yelhan,
5:22 ḥadret iman-nwen ɣef wayen n diri.
5:23 Sidi Ṛebbi bab n talwit, ad iṣeffi ṛṛuḥ-nwen, lǧețțat nwen ț-țeṛwiḥin-nwen, iwakken aț țeqqimem d izedganen i wass i deg ara d-yuɣal Ssid-nneɣ Ɛisa Lmasiḥ.
5:24 Win i kkun-ixtaṛen, deg-s laman, d nețța ara kkun-iṣṣiwden ɣer wannect agi.
5:25 Ay atmaten, deɛɛut ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi fell-aneɣ.
5:26 Sṣiwḍet sslam-iw i watmaten meṛṛa.
5:27 Di leɛnaya-nwen, s yisem n Ssid-nneɣ, sseɣṛet tabṛaț-agi i watmaten meṛṛa.
5:28 Ṛṛeḥma n Ssid-nneɣ a d-ters fell-awen.


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Afir
seg wedlis : Agraw amectuḥ n wawalen n tsekla, Muḥend Akli Salḥi HCA 2006
D tayunt gar tayunin yessudusen asefru. Di tira, tayunt-agi, tettwaru iman-is s yiwen ucerriḍ. Taggayt n yefyar (i yesdukel wakat neY tesdukel tmeYrut), tettak-d taseddart; taggayt n tseddarin tettak-d asefru.
S umata llant snat n tmuYliwin i d-yessefhamen d acu i d afir.
Tamezwarut, teqqar-d: akken ad yili wafer yessefk ad t-id-iqabel wafer nniḍen. Meḥsub, ur yezmir ara ad yili yiwen wafer iman-is (xerṣum ad ilin sin yefyar).
Ma d tamuYli tis snat, afir Yer-s d ini yeṭṭafaren yiwen uzenziY (lqaleb) n wakat.
Di teqbaylit, llan sin leṣnaf n yefyar. Afir aḥerfi d wafer uddis. Yettuneḥsab wafer d aḥerfi mi ara yili yemmed mebla ma yefreq d iḥricen:
Lekdeb yurew-d lbaṭel
Lbaṭel d baba-s n lxuf
Lxuf yurew-d tirrugza
Tirrugza tYleb-iten yakk
Tirrugza tesea-d tidett
Tidett m’a taweḍ lḥedd-is
A d-teseu lekdeb d mmi-s
Lekdeb yurew-d lbaṭel
Tirrugza teYleb-iten yak
Akka i la tberren ddunit
(D tikkist seg si lekdeb Yer tidett, Lunis Ait Menguellat)
Ma d afir uddis, yebda d iḥricen; yettusemma yebna Yef sin neY tlata yeḥricen.
Ul-iw gzem-it, celleḥ-it ḍegger-it s aman.
Ma d rruḥ-iw, ddem-it uqbel lawan.
Ad steefuY, ad ḥluY seg yir aṭṭan.
Ur ttrağuY, a ttrejrijeY deg uḍan.
Ur ttrağuY, deg wayen yeggulen ur d-iban.
Seg-m ad ḥluY, ad zedYeY gar iẓekwan.
(D tikkist seg Ul-iw gezm-it, Lounes Matoub)
Ma tebɣiḍ ad tissineḍ ugar ɣef tmedyazt taqbaylit tatrart, rzu ɣer http://imedyazen.blogspot.com/

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Niels Bohr
Niels Bohr d amussnagamaw (physicien) adanmarki, ittwassen ɣef leqdic-is di tussnagama tanaɛurt (nucléaire) d ubelkim (atome).
Ilul di Copenhague, tamaneɣt n tmurt n Danmark. Baba-s d afiziulug (physiologue). Niels Bohr, ikcem ɣer yesnidi (laboratoire) n Rutherford (iqdec yid-s) di Manchester.
Deg usseggwas 1911, Bohr ikfa almud ines di tesdawit n Copenhague, yeffeɣ-d s Doctorat.
Deg usseggwas 1922, Bohr yuɣ arraz Nobel ɣef tiẓiri ɣef temṣukt (structure) tabelkamit (La théorie de Bohr sur la structure atomique). Tiẓri d-iffɣen gar usseggwas 1913 d usseggwas 1914. Bohr, iḍfer leqdic I d-yeǧǧa Rutherford (1871-1937), I d-innan abelkim yebna ɣef yiɣes I ɣef tezzin iliktrunen.
Tiẓri n Bohr, d aseɣwen n tiẓri takantikt d tiẓri n Planck (assaɣ gar lqedd n ukantum (quantum) d usnagar n uzenzar) : abelkim ur yesɛi ara azenzar alikrumagniti, anagar ma illa aliktrun ibeddel aswir akanti. Lebbni-ya idegger ar sdat s waṭas tussnagama n ubelkim s wayen akw is d-ewwi d amaynut.
Deg usseggwas n 1916, Bohr iqdec d asalmad amussnagamaw di tesdawit n Copenhague. Deg usseggwas 1920, yuɣal d anemhal n Institut de physique théorique di tesdawit.
Deg ttrad amaḍal wis-sin, Bohr irwel ar Marikan, ikki di leqdic n lbumba tabelkamit, Projet Manhattan deg Los Alamos di New Mexico.
Mi ikfa ttrad, Bohr yuɣal d azamul mgal ttrad abelkami : Abelkim I Talzit (Atoms for peace).
Tamselyut[beddel]


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Awwur:Tarakalt3
Tafriqt d yiwen seg yimenẓawen umi mechur yisem deg umaḍal. Meɛna, medden ur tt-ssinen ara dima s wayen yelhan. Aṭas n medden deg umaḍal ur ssinen ara ɣef Tefriqt lḥaǧa tameqrant, ttxayalen-tt d akal anda ay yeqwa ccwal akk d yimenɣi, d akal kan anda ay ttmettaten yigerdan si laẓ yernu qwan deg-s waḍḍanen, d akal n lqella n cci anda medden akk d igellilen. Maca Tafriqt maci ala d anect-a.
Tafriqt tteččur d igduden, d agaraw, d lebḥer n yegduden neɣ n leǧnas, yal yiwen s tutlayt-is, s yedles d umezruy-yines. Ar ass-a werɛad ssinen yimassanen akk tutlayin ay ttmeslayen di Tefriqt, neɣ werɛad ay tent-ɣrin merra akken ilaq lḥal. Ar ass-a, werɛad ur ssinen ara yimassanen leɛwayed d yidelsan n yegduden merra ay izedɣen Tafriqt, werɛad ur d-lqiḍen ara seg-sen akk ayen imeɛnen, tamussni-nsen d wayen yeffren deg yidelsan-nsen. Ass-a, mi akka ara tkeccem tetrara ɣer yal amkan, ɣer yal taḥnact di ddunit, aṭas seg yegduden n Tefriqt ara yesruḥuyen leɛwayed d yidelsan-nsen, yernu yessefk ɣef yimassanen ad rren ddhen-nsen ɣer waya uqbel ma ifat lḥal. Tafriqt tefka-d aṭas i ddunit, ama s tmussni-yines, ama s wayen ay tesɛa d cci, ama d akal, ama d imdanen. Ass-a, ur yessefk ara ad qqnen medden allen-nsen ɣef waya. Xas ma yella lbaṭel-nni yettwaxedmen deg Yefriqiyen, di tallit n tehrest (listiɛmar) iɛedda, yekfa, medden yessefk ad walin Tafriqt ad as-rren tajmilt i Tefriqt u ad tt-walin s wallen nniḍen, yessefk ad gren tamawt i wayen d-tefka i ddunit, i ddur ay telɛeb deg umezruy n umaḍal u ad gren tamawt diɣ i wayen ara d-tettak Tefriqt ass-a akk d yigerwaj ay d-mazal ffren deg-s.


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Galileo Galilei d amussnagamaw, d amussnayyur, aẓar-is n tmurt n Ṭelyan. D yiwen gar wid I d-igren lsas I tussnagama tamirant. Gar wayen iqdec Galili d Kepler, irfed-iten Newton I leqdic-is. Galili isnulfa-d s wacu issaked aggur, isken-d tiderra (ccwami) illan ɣef iṭij. D Galili I d-yufan isafen illan ɣef aggur d igensawen imeqqranen n Jupiter d udmawen n Venus.
Deg tussnaugama, Galili yufa-d alugen n uɣelluy n tfekkiwin d umussu uzlig. Deg umezruy, Galili iqqim d azamul n umennuɣ n tlelli n usnulfu mgal adabu d tmedlin terra teglizt ɣef imusnawen n imiren.
... ugar


text:
Huang Xianfan
Huang Xianfan, yella d anmezray n Ccinwa. ilul-d ass 13 nwember n 1899 g Fusui, yemmut ass n 18 janvier 1982 g Guilin, Guangxi.
Tameddurt[beddel | edit source]
Deg usseggwas n 1926, Huang ikcem ɣer tesdawit n Pekin(neY Beijing) di Ccinwa, alamma d 1935. Huang, ilha-d s amezruy(stôria) d trakalt (géographie). Deg usseggwas n 1935, Huang ikcem ɣer tesdawit n Tokyo di Japon, alamma d 1937. Huang, ilha-d s amezruy d tafelsuft. Deg useggas 1941, Huang yuɣal d aselmad n amezruy di tseddawit n Sun Yatsen. Seg useggas n 1943 armi d aseggas n 1953 iǧǧa aselmed di Guilin, yuɣal ar tesdawit n Guangxi. Seg useggas n 1954 armi d aseggas n 1982 iǧǧa aselmed di Guilin, yuɣal ar tesdawit enseignants n Guangxi.[1]
Ayen yura[beddel | edit source]
Tazmilt[beddel | edit source]
Walit daɣen[beddel | edit source]
Tamselyut[beddel | edit source]
- Idlesen n yemdanen(Anthropologie) di Ccinwa. www.people.com.cn/人民网>>中国政府新闻>>政府专题>>2008年人类学民族学世界大会
- Huang Xianfan- anmezray n Ccinwa. 世界大学网 >> 大师


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Addal
Addal d tagrumma n iluɣma n tasengama. Illa w-addal amazday (n ujmu) neɣ win izmer ad yurar yiwen kan n wemdan.
Aṭas n leṣnaf n addal i yellan, ad nader ger assen kra ger wid i ḥemlen leqbayel : Takurt uḍar, Takurt ufus, Ukkim (Boxe), Accaf (Natation), Judu, Karati, atg.
Kra n waddalen[beddel | edit source]
Tatlitit[beddel | edit source]
- Aneggez Aɣezfan
- Aneggez Akriḍan
- Aneggez s Tɣanimt
- Aneggez Aɛlayan
- Azelli n Tefḍist (aḍegger n tefḍist)
- Azelli n Uḍebsi (aḍegger n uḍebsi)
- Azelli n Wextuc (aḍegger n wextuc)
- Timsizzelt Taruradt
- Timsizzelt n Umeccaq Alemmas
- Timsizzelt n Umeccaq Aɣezfan
- Timsizzelt n Tikli
- Timsizzelt n Yifergan
- Timsizzelt n Umedwel
- Timsizzelt n Wunjugen
- Timsizzelt n Ugama
- Amaraṭun
Addalen nniḍen[beddel | edit source]
- Ahareg (gymnastique)
- Tuccḍa ɣef Wegris
- Taleggimt
- Imenɣi s Tkuba
- Ajudo
- Tabillant


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Breanig ar geotegi
Breanig ar geotegi[1] a zo ur golvaneg amprevanetaer ha greundebrer, Passerculus sandwichensis an anv skiantel anezhañ.
Ar spesad nemetañ eo er genad Passerculus.
Doareoù pennañ[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Boued[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Annez[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Bevañ a ra al labous e Norzhamerika[2].
Rummatadur[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Liammoù diavaez[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Notennoù ha daveennoù[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
- ↑ Hervez TermOfis Ofis Publik ar Brezhoneg.
- ↑ Fichenn eus Birdlife


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Acbayli
Acbayli neɣ acbali neɣ acbaylu, d yiwen ujeqdur yettwaxedmen s ufexxar, d ameqran aṭas, yecba "tasebbalt", maca yugar-itt ama deg lqedd, ama deg wanect yezmer ad t-yawi d rreẓq. Acbayli sseqdacen-t i wakken ad ffren deg-s zzit. Tteffren deg-s tasmekta (quantité) d tameqrant n zzit, imi deg-s ay xezznen zzit n wayt wexxam. Wid yesɛan aṭas n uzemmur, zemren ad sɛun aṭas n yecbuyla.
Acbayli d azuran yernu ur yerqim ara. Yuɣ lḥal, Imaziɣen, s umata, reqqmen ijeduren-nsen, yernu Tamurt n Leqbayel d yiwet seg tmiwa tmaziɣin anda ay ttacaṛen ijeqduren-nsen d rrqumat. D acu kan, ijeqduren n ussewwi, am yemserbeḥ ay deg ssewwayen aɣrum, neɣ taccuyt d useksut, ur ten-reqqmen ara. D acu kan, deg wagguren-agi iɛeddan, rziɣ ɣef Tipaza yernu walaɣ dinna kra seg yijeqduren n ufexxar n Yicenwiyen, u walaɣ dakk-n ɣer-sen reqqmen ula d taccuyin ! D acu kan, acbayli ur yelli seg yijeqduren ay reqqmen, xas ma yella ur t-sseqdacen ara i ussewwi, maca yewwi-yi-d Ṛebbi dakk-n ur t-reqqmen ara acku yettɣimi deg yimukan yeffren, deg texxamt n lexzin neɣ deg teɛrict.
Zik, Leqbayel llan zeddɣen deg leḥwaṛi. Yiwet n lḥaṛa zemren ad ilin deg-s waṭas n yexxamen d waṭas n twaculin. Dɣa tikkwal, tiwaculin-agi sɛant deg texxamt-nni taxxamt n lexzin, anda ay xezznen nneɛɛma-nsen. Taxxamt-nni ala amɣar neɣ tamɣart n lḥaṛa ay yesɛan tasarut-is. D acu kan, deg wexxam n Leqbayel aqdim, medden sɛan amkan niḍen anda ay xezznen, wagi d "taɛrict". Taɛɛrict neɣ takanna bennu-tt medden nnig n uddaynin, deg wexxam-nni ay deg ttidiren. Taɛrict d taɛlayant yernu tikkwal ḥeǧǧben-tt-id s weɣrab u ttgen-as tawwurt. Tasarut-is, daɣen tettɣimi kan ɣer yemɣaren n wexxam, yernu deg-s ay tteffren rreẓq n wayt wexxam. Icbuyla nezmer ad ten-naf ama deg teɛrict neɣ deg texxamt n lexzin.
Yuɣ lḥal, medden ttgen leqrar ameqran i zzit-nsen, acku zzit d yiwet seg lɣellat yesɛan azal meqqren akk ɣer Leqbayel. ɣef way-a, acbayli ttgen-as tadimt, messlen-as-tt-id am tbaqit (aḍebsi ameqran ay deg tetten), yernu srusuyen-as-tt sufella. Mi ara as-ssersen tadimt-nni i wecbayli, ad as-tt-selɣen, ɣef yiran, s zzbel n tfunast. Zzbel-nni, mi ara yeqqar, ad yeqqim d ḍḍmana ay d-yesskanen dakk-n tasebbalt-nni ur tt-yeldi yiwen. Medden ttcemmiɛen icbuyla s zzbel i wakk-n ur ttilin ara yiɛeggalen n wexxam ara yakren seg zzit-nni, yernu s umata, d tamɣart n wexxam ay yettalasen ad d-teldi icbuyla i wakk-n ad d-ddmen seg-sen zzit.
Dɣa yessefk ad d-nini dakk-n ula d ikufan ttgen-asen tidima u sellɣen-tent s zzbel u yessefk ad d-nger tamawt dakk-n zik, llan sseqdacen medden zzbel n tfunast mebla ma ɣunfan-t, acku zzbel, akk-n yebɣu yili, zeddig, u mi ara yeqqar, ur yezmir ara ad yessenṭeḍ aḍḍanen. Dɣa ḥekkun-d yiwet n temɛayt ɣef yiwet n teslit ay yukren irden seg ukufi. Yuɣ lḥal, akk-n d-nniɣ, d tamɣart ay d myal n ṛṛay deg wexxam, zik-nni, dɣa tella yiwet n teslit d nneyya, tella tebɣa ad taker irden seg ukufi, yili tamɣart-is teɣleq akufi-nni s tadimt n yiferki u tesleɣ-itt s zzbel. Tislit-nni tekkes-d tadimt-nni, teddem-d irden, sakk-in, mi terra tadimt-nni, tɛawed tesleɣ-itt s zzbel. D acu kan, zzbel-nni iban d ajdid ama deg llun-is, ama deg rriḥa-s. Mi d-tewweḍ temɣart-is tenna-yas : "Anwa ay yeldin akufi ?". Tenna-yas teslit-is : "Ur t-yeldi yiwen". Tenna-yas temɣart-nni : "I zzbel-agi, ata-n mazal-it d azegzaw, anwa ay t-yerran ?". Tislit-nni tenna-yas : "D azger ay d-iɛeddan syenna, yeḍreg-it". Dɣa tenna-yas temɣart-is : "D acu ara yawin araṭiw n wezger s akufi ?". Tamɛayt-agi qqaren-tt-id ɣef win ixeddmen lumuṛ s tuffra u s tḥila, maca mi ara yettwaṭṭef, ur yessin ara ad yeskiddeb.


text:
34
Eus Wikipedia
Taolenn
Darvoudoù[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Impalaeriezh roman[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
- Emell brezelour roman en Armenia (34-37).
- Goude marv an tetrark Fulup, eo staget rannvroioù Batane, Trachon hag Auranit ouzh Siria (34-37).
- Kaset eo Saul, genidik eus Tars en Azia Vihanañ, da Damask gant ar beleg meur evit ensellet ha n'eus ket en em silet kristenien er sinagogenn. Hervez kont en deus ur gweled eus ar C'hrist. Dont a ra da vezañ dall. Pareañ a ra e Damask ha degemer a ra ar feiz kristen goude bezañ bet avielet gant Ananias a oa aet d'e ambroug (34-35).
- Brud zo war Naevius Sutorius Macro evit bezañ klasket gounid larjentez an Impalaer Tiber dre c'hastaouiñ e wreg Eunius dezhañ.
- Emsavadeg annezidi orin Dakia a-enep ar Sarmatianed, anezho ur meuriad Lazyged, a oant bet sklavelaet ganto.
Sina[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Relijionoù ha mitologiezhioù[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Arzoù ha sevenadur[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Teknikoù ha skiantoù da dalvezout[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Buhez pemdez ha dudi[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Ganedigezhioù 34[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
- Açvaghocha, barzh ha doueoniour indiat
- Aulus Persius Flaccus, barzh roman


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Arrif
Arrif d tamnaḍt di ugafa n Umerruk, tessajja ɣef Yilel Agrakal, zeddɣen deg-s gar 3 ar 5 imelyan n imezdaɣ.
Tamurt n Arrif llan deg-s idurar, izaɣaren, d yiftisen ɣef Yilel Agrakal. Idurar d tmurt n Arrif ssenta seg Ixef n Sbartil (Cape Spartel) d Ṭanja deg utaram ar Ixef Ikebdanen (Ras Kebdana) d yiɣzer Amelwi (Meřwect) deg wegmuḍ, seg Ilel Agrakal di ugafa ar Iɣzer n Werɣa deg wanẓul.
Seg iɣerman imeqqranen i yellan di temnaḍt n Arrif Ameqqran ɣer-neɣ: Nnaḍur, Lḥusima, Wejda, Ṭanja, Tiṭṭawin, Accawen, Berkan, Taza, Targist, Azɣenɣan, Seřwan, Miḍar, Zayyu, Aearwi, Driwec, At Bueeyyac, Imzuren, Leerayec, Ajdir, Tawrirt, Fnideq, d Ljebha.
Idurar n Arif udsen idurar n “Cordillera Bética” di Spenyul. Idurar n Arif udsen maca ur qqinen ɣer idurar n Watlas. Gar-asen tella Taza. Maci marra imezdaɣ n temnaḍt n Arif Ameqqran ssawalen tutlayt Tamaziɣt. Imezdaɣ n Tanja d Tiṭṭawin qqaren i iman-nsen “Jbala” (Ijebliyen) nitni mmeslayen s Taɛrabt Tajeblit. Tamnaḍt n “Jbala” d tafult si temnaḍt n Arrif Ameqqran. Iwdan yessawalen Tmaziɣt di Arif qqaren i iman-nsen “Imaziɣen” niɣ “Irifiyen”, tutlayt-nsen qqaren as lebda “Tamaziɣt” maci "Tarifit". Iwdan n berra i Arif d nitni i yeqqaren Tarifit.
Tiqbilin n Arrif[beddel | edit source]
Traditionally, the principal Riffian tribes of the region are:
- At Weryaɣel qrib n Ajdir, di tama n Iɣzer Uɣis
- Igzennayen, di tama n Aknul, seg utaram n Ibḍalsen.
- Iqeleiyen (Iqeřɛiyen), di temnaṭ n Nnaḍur, At Nṣar ed Mlilt.
- Imaẓuẓen
- At Ciker (Ayt Cicer)
- At Sidal (Ayt Sidař)
- At Buyefrur
- At Buyafar
- Ikebdanen (Icebdanen), along the coast next to Wed Moulouya near the Algerian border.
- Ibḍalsen (Ibḍařsen), g wegmuḍ n At Buyeḥyi.
- At Sɛid, deg utaram seg Iɣzer n Kert .
- At Uliccek (Ayt Uřiccek), southwest of Temsaman.
- Tafersit, seg ugafa n At Tuzin
- At Tuzin, di wenẓul n Temsaman.
- Temsaman, di tama n temdint-nni.
- At Weryaɣel (Ayt Weryaɣeř) g wegmuḍ n Ibeqquyen
- At Ɛemmart, deg wenẓul n At Weryaɣel.
- Targist, southeast of At Weryaɣel.
- At Gmil, west of At Bufraḥ.
- At Bufraḥ, g wegmuḍ n At Yeṭṭeft.
- Ibeqquyen, deg utaram n At Weryaɣel.
- At Yeṭṭeft, g wegmuḍ n Bades.
- Imestasen, g wegmuḍ n At Bufraḥ.
- Imtiwen, gar Imestasen ed wasif n Uringa.
- At Buyeḥyi, on the western bank of the Moulouya.
- At Zekren, di tama n Wejda.
- At Yeznasen, di tama n Berkan.
- At Bu Zeggu, gar Wejda ed Tawrirt.


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Muḥend n Ɛabdel Krim Lxeṭṭabi
Muḥmed n Âabd Krim Lxeṭṭabi niɣ Mulay muḥned d-anzbay amaziɣ d amɣrabi si temnaṭ n arif . d aselway n tgduda n arif gar useggwas 1921 d 1926. imnaɣ akwd Spenyul d Fransa. g-inas assaɣ n izem n Arrif g-int d agledun imjahden yugi ad yili d agellid n arif . Mamek yugi ad yilli d lxalif n inselmen.
Tallit ed temẓi-s[beddel | edit source]
Ilul g iɣrem n Ajdir deg useggwas n 1882. Yelmed af ufus n baba-s ikemmel tiɣri-s g uɣerbaz n ṣfarin d craṭin di Fas. Yuɣal-d ɣer Fas d-akabar seg baba-s isulṭan Ɛebdelaḥfiḍ iwsisfiw n umenɣi akwd Bu Teɣyult ( bu ḥmara)
Asbddi n tgduda n arif[beddel | edit source]
Isbedd Mulay Muḥend deg wass n 18 Ctember 1921. Tagduda taeṣrit s Dustur D lbrlaman. Asmi ggin Imezdaɣ n Arrif tagrawla mgal Spanya.Tamaneɣt-is Ajdir Tadrimt nns Rifan Tafugla Tanamurt ass n 18 Ctamber . Di tira s Taeṛabt semman-as « Jumhuria Errifiya », ma Irifiyen ddmen awal nni n Spenyul, rran-t d assaɣ ( isem) Amaziɣ: « Ribublik n Arif ». Ur illa imir nni wawal n « ribublik » di Tmaziɣt Tarifit, awalnni nessen ass-a : tgduda n arif .
Awal-nni s timmad-si ifra tamsalt tameqrant. Ur tella d tagelda i –id-ilulen seg idurar n Arrif. Abrid ibṛez, yenjeṛ yesuffeɣ: tegduda n Arrif i-d-ilulen seg iẓuran n tmurt, si teqbilin akken llant. Adabu i-d ilulen yusa-d si teqbilin n tmurt, seg iɣerman akked tzeɣwa n tmurt n Arrif.
Asinf Nns[beddel | edit source]
Deg useggwas 1926 ar 1947 yenfa Muḥend Abdelkrim ɣer tegzirt n La Réunion, azal n 9000 km akkin deg ilel n Lhend. Isuter acḥal n tikkal ḥuma. ad iffeɣ si tmurt-nni.
Tamtant nns[beddel | edit source]
Imut Mulay Muḥend di Taqahirt (Maṣer) deg wass n 6 Yebrir 1963. Yemḍel di temeqrebt n Ccuhada dinna.