text:
Agzul : Deg umagrad-a ad d-nawi ɣef yiwen wudem n tira deg wungal Iḥulfan, n Kaysa Xalifi. Ad d-nessken deg-s amek i d-teddem inzan n tsekla tamensayt d wamek i ten-tura deg uḍris-is ungalen. Aya ad d-yili s usegzi n wassaɣen igerḍrisanen yellan gar yinzi, d afellaḍris akked d wungal, d addaḍris.
Awalen tisura : ungal, tira, inzi, tagreḍrisant, tabdert, ankaz
20/04/2020
Tazwart
Ma nessukkk tiṭ ɣef yiqeddicen iseklanen yuran s teqbaylit, ad naf aṭas n yimeskaren i d-itteddmen tiwsatin timensayin n tsekla taqburt akken ad leqqmen yes-sent tira-nsen.Am wakken llan weyiḍ i d-itedddmen iḍrisen n tsekla timawit akken ad ten-ngen d llsas ɣef ara sbedden tira-nsen. Aya yesskan-d yella wassaɣ ijehden nezzeh gar tsekla tatrart d tsekla tamensayt. D assaɣen i yezmer ad yeɛqel yiwen mi ara yettemlili, deg tɣuri, akked tewsatin tiqburin am tmucuha, umyiten, tiqsiḍin akked yinzan.
Amyekcem gar snat-a n tsekkiwin n tsekla, wwint-d fell-as aṭas n tezrawin. Gar-asent, tella tin Belgasmia (2001), deg-s yessken-d tilin n timawit deg wungalen n Rachid Aliche Asfel akked Faffa. Deg-s yessken-d akken abeddel i d-yellan ɣef tsekla taqbayli yegla-d s ubeddel deg tutlayt, nezger-d seg tutlayt n yal ass ɣer tin n tira d tɣuri. Imi Aliche, yessaweḍ yesnulfa-d tutlayt s wayes yezmer ad yesselḥu tasiwelt, rnu ɣer waya d aglam i d-yellan s tuget, d ayen ur nettwassen seg zik. Titouche (2002), yessken-d kra n tulmisin n tira n Belaid At Ali, i d-yeddmen timucuha tiqburin ibeddel-asent talɣa d tɣessa. Leqdic-is yettbin-d ladɣa deg usimɣur n tugzimin n wullis, anida i d-yeggar awennit-is, aya yagla-d s ubeddel n thuski n tmucuha.
Ameziane (2002, 2008), ula d netta seg tama-s, yessaweḍ ad d-yessken assaɣ-a deg tira n Amer Mezdad. Akken iwala, tiwsatin n timawit uɣent adeg d agejdan deg yiqeddicen -is, ladɣa ayen yeɛnan inzi, i yerra d tarrayt ɣef isebded asenfar-is n tira (ad d-nuɣal s telqey deg wayen i d-iteddun ɣef tmukrist-a). Yettbeddil-asen ama d talɣa, ama d anamek, inzan uɣalen fkan-d udem d amaynut s wayes tennerna tira n Mezdad. Ameziane, yemmeslay-d daɣen ɣef uḍris n Belaid At Ali Lwali n wedrar, deg-s iwala belli yeddem-d aḍris d aqbur, iɛawed-as tira akken ad t-yerr d ungal.
Ssnef-a n tira ad t-naf daɣen ɣur Kamel Bouamara. Netta daɣen yeddem-d sin n yiḍrisen iqburen Salhi (2002, 2004)) Taqsiṭ n Ɛziz d Ɛzuzu akked Aḥeddad n Lqalus, ibeddel-asen talɣa d tɣessa, isebded fell-asen tira-ines. Iḍrisen-a, akken nwala nekkni s timmad-nneɣ (Ayad; 2008) s wudem n tgerḍrisant, yeqdec fell-asen ama deg wayen yerzan tasiwelt, imi yessemɣur tidyanin yeḍran deg yiḍrisen iqburen, irna iger-asen-d tidyanin d timaynutin akked uglam. Rnu ɣer waya, iger-asen-d iḍrisen-nniḍen i d-yeddem seg yimedyazen am Si Lbacir Amellaḥ neɣ Si Muḥend u Mḥend. Ihi, ayen yakk i d-yeddem yeẓda-t akken ad d-issufeɣ sin n yiḍrisen d imaynuten, i yuɣalen d tullizin.
Leqdic-a, ihi, ad yeḍfer abrid-a i d-yuɣ uzɣan n tsekla yuran s teqbaylit, ad d-yawi ɣef tulmisin n tira n Kaysa Xalifi deg wungal Iḥulfan. Ad d-nessken deg-s yiwen wudem deg tulmisin-a i yerzan asemres n yinzan. Ihi, akken ad d-nessegzi tamukrist-a, ad newwet ad d-nbeyyen, s wudem n tgerḍrisant, tarrayin s wayes i d-teddem inzan seg timawit akken ad ten-tger deg uḍris-ines, amek i ten-id-tebder, leqdic i d-yellan fell-asen d wazal ay sɛan deg lebni n unamek amatu n wungal.
Akken ara nwali deg wayen i d-itteddun, asemres n yinzan deg tsekla tatrart, ama deg tamedyezt ama deg tira, yuɣal d yiwet seg tulmisin n tsekla-ya. Mačči d yiwen umedyaz neɣ umaru i d-itteddmen inzan, ittɛawad-asen asemres deg yiḍrisen-is. Deg wayen yeɛnan aya, Kaysa Xalifi tedda deg ubrid-a, abrid n tira yersen ɣef timawit d wayen i tesɛa d agerruj aseklan, adelsan, akked thuski-nnes. Aseqsi ɣef ilaq ad d-nerr deg leqdic-a d wa: amek i d-teddem inzan d wamek i ten-tessemres deg wungal-is?
Ilmend n tɣuri-nneɣ, inzan ay tessemres, ulac meḥsub acu n ubeddel i d-iḍran fell-asen, teddem-iten-id akken i llan deg timawit s wudem n tebdert, yal wa acu n twuri i yas-tefka, yal tawuri tesnerna ugar tasiwelt, rnu ɣer waya tawuri tahuskant teqqim akken tella.
Leqdic-a ihi, ad t-nefreq ilmend n tarrayt-a: ad d-nessukkk tiṭ ɣef yimekti tagreḍrisant, deg-s ad d-nessegzi tadra-ines d wazal ay yesɛa deg uzɣan aseklan, ladɣa deg leqdicat yecban wa-nneɣ. Syin akkin ad d-nawi awal ɣef yinzi deg timawit, inumak-is, azal-is, d tsekkiwin-is.
Imi leqdic-a irza tasekla tatrart, yelha ma nemmeslay-d ɣef kra n tezrawin i d-yewwin ɣef usemres n yinzan deg tsekla-ya. Deg-s ad d-nessken kra n tmuɣliwin ilmend tulmist-a n tira d usnulfu aseklan.Syin akkin, ad nɛeddi ɣer wammud n tezrawt-a, anida ara d-nessken tarrayt n tuddma n yinzan, tawuri i yasen-tefka tmeskart, akked talɣiwin d wassaɣen ay yellan gar uḍris amaynut (ungal) d yiḍrisen iqburen (inzan). Da, ilaq ad d-nini ur d-neddim ara akk inzan i yellan, neddem-d kan amur deg-sen imi nwala llan ddeqs n yinzan i yuklalen leqdic yugaren wa.
1. Tamiḍrant n tgreḍrisant (= « intertextualié »)
Tamiḍrant-a, d turda i d-yemmalen akken aḍris n tsekla, neɣ asnulfu deg tsekla, ur d-yettili ara kan akka. Ulac aḍris aseklan i d-yekkan seg wulac. Yal ameskar, mi ara yettaru aḍris, yesseqdac iḍrisen-nniḍen ay yessen neɣ ay yeɣra yakan.S wudem amatu, tamiḍrant-a temmal-d aseqdec d uɛiwed n tira i yiḍrisen i illan yakan deg usnulfu n yiḍrisen imaynuten. Deg yal aḍris, mi ara neqqar, nezmer ad neɛqel neɣ ad nemlil d uḍris-nniḍen.
Imekti tagreḍrisant, yettwaseqdec i tikkelt tamezwarut deg taɣult n uzɣan aseklan sɣur Kristeva deg 1967, deg usissen d yiwenniten i d-tewwi ɣef teẓri n Bakhtine, ur nettwassen ɛad deg tumra n Lurup umalu. Tikti n Kristeva, i d-tugem seg wayen yedma Bakhtine, tettwali amenzay yerzan amawal d umeslay yezmer ad irzu ula d aḍris aseklan: Ma yella imdanen sseqdacen deg tmeslayt-nsen awalen n weyiḍ, ula deg tira taseklant, ameskar itteddem-d iḍrisen ay uran weyiḍ. Akka i tt-tesbadu Kristeva i tikkelt tamezwarut tamiḍrant-a deg wayen i d-tura Samoyault (2001:9):« awal (aḍris) d timlilit n wawalen (iḍrisen) anida neɣɣar xersum awal-nniḍen (aḍris-nniḍen) (…) yal aḍris d azeṭṭa n tbedrin, yal aḍris ad iskef, ad ibeddel wayeḍ »1.
Tamuɣli-ya tamaynut, i d-tewwi Kristeva, teslul-d deg yiseggasen d-iḍefren aṭas n yinawen d tmuɣliwin i d-yeddan deg ubrid-a, almi tuɣal tgerḍrisant tuɣ amḍiq d agejdan deg tezrawin tiseklanin sumata. Aṭas n yimaẓrayen i iɛerḍen, yal wa seg tama-s, ad d-segzin ula d nutni tamiḍrant-a. Gar wi, ad d-nebder Roland Barthes, i d-yewwin deg yiwen umagrad Théorie du texte (1970), deg i d-yefka yiwet n tmuɣli s wazal-is.
Tamuɣli n Barthes ɣef tgerḍrisant, d wamek i tt-yedma, ad negzu, tedda akked tmuɣli n Kristeva; cerken yiwet n tmuɣli, i sin-nnsen ttwalin tagreḍrisant d timlilit n yinawen yezrin, i d-nettagem seg yidles d wayen i d-nnan yimezwura.
Ihi, akken i d-nebder yakan, tagreḍrisant tuɣal seg yiseggasen n 1970 d asawen, d annar n tidmi s wazal-is deg tiẓri d uzɣan n tsekla sumata. Ma nmuqel deg wayen i d-nnan d wayen i d-uran ɣef tmiḍrant-a, ad naf ayen din n yidlisen d yimagraden i d-yeffɣen, anida yal wa yefka-yas tamuɣli-s, yal wa icudd-itt ɣer kra n taɣult. Aya yeslul-d aṭas n tbadutin d waṭas n tarrayin.
Deg umussu-ya i d-tlul yiwet n tsamit-is s wazal-is, d tin Rifaterre. Tamuɣli-nnes, netta, tefka azal i tɣuri. Yettwali tagreḍrisant d taɣuri, d aferdis ɣef i ibedd unamek amatu n uḍris, deg-s ay nettaf inaw yettwattun. Agerḍris yeṭṭef annar s tehri deg taɣult n tsekla, akken tettwaḥsab d allal i usegzi n uḍris aseklan. Riffaterre (1980: 05) ɣur-s tagreḍrisant teqqen ɣer unagraw n tɣuri yezdin aḍris aseklan. Imeɣri yesnekway aḍris d aseklan, acku yettaf-d assaɣ deg uḍris d wid-nniḍen.
Gar tmuɣliwin-a, tufrar-d tin n Genette (1982). Netta yegla-d s yiwet n tarrayt tamatut n tgerḍrisant. Tarrayt-a tres ɣef yimenzi n uglam d tesleḍt n wassaɣen yesɛa uḍris akked yiḍrisen-nniḍen. Deg tarrayt-a, tagreḍrisant, akken i tt-id-tessegza Kristeva, d yiwen uferdis ger weyiḍ. Deg wadeg n yirem tagreḍrisant yesseqdec irem tamyeḍrisant, ɣur-s netta tamyerḍrisant, akken i dtt-id-yesbadu Genette (1982:7): «D ayen akk i d-yeggaren assaɣ, iban neɣ d uffir, akked yiḍrisen-nniḍen». Assaɣ-a akken i t-id-yefka, nezmer ad t-neɛqel deg semmus n tsekkiwin n temyeḍrisant: 1. Tagerḍrisant 2. Azneḍris 3. Aɣfeḍris 4.Tawseḍrist 5.Tafellaḍrist.
Genette yessemgared snat n tsekkiwin n usuddem: alsileɣ, yerzan aḍris s timmad-is, d uḥaki i d-yettalsen i uɣanib. Snat-a n tsekkiwin n usuddem sɛant kraḍ n twuriwin: asedhu, alaqeb akked umazay.Akka ad nesɛu sḍis n taggayin, kraḍ s ulsileɣ: Tiqecmeɛt, Aqlab, Ankaz. Kraḍ s uḥaki: Asɣineb, Aɛekki, Aleqqem.
Nekkni seg tama-nneɣ, d tarrayt-a ara neddem deg leqdic-a iwakken ad d-nessegzi assaɣen yellan gar yinzan akked wungal deg i ten-tegra Xalifi.Lamaɛna uqbel ad nɛeddi ɣur usagem, yelha ma nessukk-d tiṭ ɣef kra n tulmisin n yinzi deg tsekla timawit d tezrawin i d-yewwin ɣef wassaɣ yesɛa akked tsekla tamirant.
2. Inzi deg tsekla timawit tamensayt
Inzi deg timawit, am netta am temseɛraq d ddɛawi, d tawsit ay nezmer ad nessismel deg taggayt n tewsatin tigezzlanin (tufrikin) (Bouamara: 2005). Qqnent ɣer-s aṭas n taggayin taddayin am tenfalyin tunziyin akked tenfalyin tukrifin. D tawsit war ameskar, am tuget n tewsatin n timawit, inzan mgarden ɣef yinnan, imi wi yettwassen umeskar-nsen (ama s tidet ama d medden i ten-yettwalin akken). Deg tmetti tamensayt, aṭas n wawalen i d-yemmalen inzan am lemtel, tameayt, lmeena, awal, anzi (inzan).
Akken i d-yessegza Ameziane (2008: 171), d awal Lemtel i yettwaseqdacen s waṭas. Ula d inumak yesɛa ggten: tikwal yemmal-d tanfalit, neɣ amedya. Yella daɣen wawal Lemɛun, tikwal yemmal-d anamek uffir n umeslay, tikwal-nniḍen yemmal-d anamek n kra n usefru neɣ n kra umeslay. Tamɛayt daɣen tesɛa anamek n yinzi, i d-yesskanen kra n tedyant seg i d-tefruri kra n l*meɛna ay ddmen medden, rran-tt d amedya. Yella diɣen irem Awal, yemmal-d inaw, ameslay yesɛan azal, d ameslay i yettuɣalen d asaḍuf s wayes leḥḥun yimdanen. Ɣer waya, nezmer ad d-nernu irem Anzi (ɣef id-yella umeslay deg leqdic-a), d irem i iqerben ɣer Anza, yesɛan anamek yettcabi, neɣ yettakk anzi ɣer.
Inzan zgan deg timawit, ttilin seg yimi Yer tmeẓẓuYt, wa yettağğa-ten-id i wa. Bentolila (1993: 7) yura ɣef yinzi: « inzi d ameslay i d-yusan seg zzman aqbur, s leqder n tuser, d agla n tmetti yakk”2.
Inzi yemmal-d kra n tirmit n tudert deg tmetti: deg drus n wawalen yemmal-d tikti n win i yettmeslayen; d aɣbalu seg i d-tteddmen tamussni taqburt, ifukal deg yinaw d wayen akk i izemren ad yesɛeddi izen s tefses i win umi nettmeslay. Aya yakk yessegza-t-id Bentolila (op.cit. 8) deg umeslay-a:
“Dayen yellan, inzan ssijhiden inaw, lamaɛna ssawaḍen daɣen ad d-sbedden rray, ad wellhen, ad zeɣnen, bla ma nḥuza win i wumi i t-nenna, dayen i d-yettwaddmen seg ukufi n tirmitin tiqburin. Seg tama-nniḍen, s yinzi, nessegzal ameslay, d tselḍt ẓẓayen (…). Deg kra kan n wawalen nessegzal-d tagnit yemcubbaken, s tigawin, d yiḥulfan, d umenni d tugdi […]3.
Ulac am yinzi iwakken ad d-nessexber s tilawt deg drus n wawalen, s unamek lqayen i isɛan lmeɛna. Dayen i d-yerna Betolila deg wawal-is: “[…] inzi, s tidet, d asnulfu yemmden n tẓuri n tutlayt: d aseqdec n wawalen i ifazen, s wayes ara d-nessxber akken iwata s tilawt”4. Asemres n yinzan deg yinaw, yettili-d s useqdec n kra n tenfalyin am: Akken qqaren, Yella deg wawal, Yella deg lemtel, Awal ǧǧan-t-id yimezwura, Akken i s-yenna winna n zzman, Yenna-yas, Yenna leflani deg wawal-is
Inzan ur sɛin ara yiwet n tegnit n tmenna, sumata cudden ɣer tegnit n yinaw d usentel ɣef yettmeslay yiwen, ɣef waya ggtent twuriwin ay sɛan deg umeslay. Tiwuriwin-a nezmer ad tent-id-nessegzel deg waya: Tikwal qaren-ten ɣer taggara n umeslay akken ad yeqqim i lebda, neY ad fken tixutert i umeslay-nsen. Tikwal-nniḍen qqaren-ten medden akken ad wwten weyiḍ s lemeun neɣ d awennit ɣef kra n tegnit, d asegzi n kra n temsalt yemcubbaken. Tikwal daɣen inzi nessemras-it akken ad d-nini ayen yellan neɣ ad d- nessegzi kra umeslay ur nettwafhem. Yezmer diɣen ad yili d afukel akken ad yesɛeddi yiwen rray-is, ad yettwiqbel wayen yettxemmim. Rnu ɣer waya yakk, s yinzi nezmer ad d-nini tikti deg drus n wawalen, bla ma nestuqqet ameslay.
Гas inzi d tawsit icudden ɣer talɣiwin timeẓẓyanin, ad t-naf yesɛa ddeqs n talɣiwin yemgaraden. Talɣiwin-a nezmer ad tent-nefreq ilmend n kraḍ n tsekkiwin: Tafyirt taḥerfit: Md: IffeY-d ujgu deg magraman. TalYa n sin yimuren: XemmeY lxir i tderYalt, terYa-yi txellalt. TalYa n krad n yimuren : Rray ad t-debber yemma-k, ad iffeY fell-ak, ad terwuṭ usi uzembil.
3. Inzi deg tsekla tatrart
Ma nesres ddhen-nneɣ, ad nwali akken inzan ttwasemrasen s tuget deg tsekla tatrart, ama deg tmedyezt ama deg tewsatin tullisin, am wungal d tullist. Zgan deg yal aqeddic, s yal talɣa. Llant tezrawin, akken i d-nebder yakan, i d-yewwin ɣef waya yecban Achili (2002, 2011) d Ameziane (2002, 2008). Ufan-d aseqdec n yinzan yettili-d s waṭas n wudmawen, ladɣa s ubeddel n talɣa d unamek. Deg wungal n Mezdad yesɛa tiwuriwin d timaynutin am usissen n uwadem neɣ aselḥu n tsiwelt.
Ihi, deg wawal n Achili (2011:93), asemres n yinzan deg yinaw n wungal, yettarra lwelha n yimeɣri ɣer umselɣu uzzig akked wakud ur nelli d win n tmeslayt neɣ n tɣuri. Asemres-is yettaɣ talɣa n tebdert, meḥsub ulac inzan i d-yettwabedren s uwehhi. Гas ulamma ur sɛin ara tazwert neɣ d tacciwin neɣ d lemɛani s wayes ara yettwaɛqel uḍris i d-yettwabedren, imeɣri ittarra ɣer kra n wawalen s wayes yezmer ad isnekwu aḍris i d-yettwabedren. Tilin n yinzi, i d-terna Achili, d taɣessa taḍrisant tilellit i d-itteddem umeskar akken ad yessejhed inaw-is, ur telli yara d taɣessa yesɛan tazrirt ɣef tɣessa n wungal acku tesɛa tixutert deg tsiwelt mačči deg tedyant. Akken yella da, inzi yessihriw kan tasiwelt, bla ma yesɛa tazrirt ɣef tɣessa n wungal. Asigget n yinzan deg wungal, yesskan-d assaɣ yellan gar tilawt d wungal. S wakka ameskar yesskan-d ayen ara t-icudden akked yimeɣriyen, rnu ɣer-s yettban-d wazal yefka i yinaw aɣerfan.
Tifukkas n usemres n yinzan deg wungal Iḍ d wass, akken i t-id-yessegza Ameziane (2002: 112), yella-d s kraḍ n talɣiwin yemgaraden ta ɣef ta: S wawal n tazwara: yeqqar lemtel+ inzi; War awal n tazwara lamaɛna s tacciwin; War awal n tazwara d tacciwin.
Ma d tiwuriwin ay sɛan yinzan deg wungal n Mezdad, akken i iwala Ameziane (op.cit. 115), amur deg-sent yeqqim akken llan yakan deg timawit, ulac acu n ubeddel i d-yeḍran fell-asen. Lamaɛna ameskar, yessileɣ kra deg-sen, yettak-asen kra n twuriwin yes-s ur ttwassnen deg timawit. Ttwasemrasen deg tazwara neɣ taggara n yinaw, deg uglam n yiwudam n wungal, akked d uselḥu n tsiwelt.
Llan yimeskaren-nniḍen, akken i d-yura Ameziane (2008:174), smersen inzan d izewlen i yiqeddicen-nnsen. Hamid Nekkar yefka azwel i wungal-is Yugar ucerrig tafawett. Akken daɣen i yexdem Belɛid At Ali, yefka i yiwen seg yiḍrisen-is azwel Ayen tzerɛeḍ ad tmegreḍ. Llan weyiḍ issmersen-t d azwel adday. Rachid Aliche deg wungal-is Faffa, yerna-t d amur wis sin i uzwel i yuɣen irgazen ur ttrun. Ula d Tahar Ould Amar yessemres-it akka deg wungal-is Bururu , ur teqqim ur tengir.
Ula deg tmedyazt tatrart, aṭas n yicennayen i ismersen inzan deg tmedyezin-nsen. Tikwal ttɣiman akken llan yakan deg timawit, tikkwal-nniḍen yella wayen ttbeddilen deg-sen. Amedya n Lounis Ait menguellat, s wazal-is deg waya, imi netta aṭas n yinzan i wumi ibeddel talɣa. Abeddel-a izmer ad yili deg tseddast n yinzi s uqlab n yiwen n wawal deg usumer n tefyirt. Hata-n umedya i d-yefka Ameziane (op.cit.186): Ma teɣliḍ medden akk inek/Ma trebḥeḍ ḥedd wer k-yessin. Deg wadeg: Mi trebḥeḍ medden akk inek/ Mi teɣliḍ ḥedd wer k-issin!
Yella wanida dɣen i ibeddel taseddast d ubeddel n wawalen, id-yeglan s ubeddel n unamek. Ameziane (op.cit., 187):
Amalah yekfa laman/ Yedda deg waman
S kra n win nehren waman/ Iruḥ di laman/ Yewwi-t wasif.
Ihi abeddel deg tseddast, yegla-d s ubeddel deg unamek. Zik medden qqaren aman d laman. Lamaɛna deg tmedyezt n Ait Menguellet, aman-nni uɣalen d anamek n lexdeɛ akked tugdi. Yella wanida i ibeddel adeg n kra n wawlen s wayes ibeddel azal n kra n tlufa. Akken i d-yessken Ameziane (op.cit, 189), deg umedya-ya:
Ufiɣ lbaz d amerẓu/ D agerfiw i d-isewwqen.
Ufiɣ tizizwit tettru/D aɛreẓẓen i tt-id-yessuffɣen.
Hata sumata ayen i nezmer ad d-nini ɣef usemres n yinzan deg tsekla tartart, leqdic i d-yellan fell-asen sɣur yimeskaren akked yinumak imaynuten i d-wwin deg yiḍrisen deg i d-ddan
4. Asemres n yinzan deg wungal iḥulfan
Inzan ɣef ara-d-yili umeslay d wid i d-nefren i leqdic-a kan, acku mazal llan aṭas n yinzan ay nerra deg ṭṭerf. Taḥawact-a tezmer ahat ad tili d amedya, sya d asawen, i tezrawt i wayen i d-yeqqimen ur nessaweḍ ad t-nesleḍ da.
4.1. Tarrayt n tuddma d ubdar
Tira n yinzan deg wungal iḥulfan tella-d s usemres n waṭas n tarrayin, deg-sent nezmer ad d-nebder:
Md1: Amek yeqqar yinzi: “a bab-a wwten-aɣ, a mmi ɛeqlen-aɣ”sbt 22. Ma nmuqel deg tegnit-a, ad naf tameskart teddem-d inzi, tenna-d acu-tt tewsint-ines, terna tegra-t gar tacciwin akken ad d-temmel belli ameslay-a mačči d agla-s, yella wansi i t-id-teddem.
Md2: “d acu tettefẓeḍ a wadi, d llazuq n yilindi” sbt 23. Inzi-ya yedda-d deg wungal war tuccar, war tineqḍin, war ma tenna-d acu-tt tewsit-ines.
Md3: yezga yettini: “ɣli-d ay abexsis s imi, ma yella rrbeḥ s yiɣimi”.sbt 50. Da, inzi-ya tebder-it-id s tneqḍin d tuccar.
Md4: yezga-d fell-as yinzi i d-yeqqaren: “d ddunit i iɛujen, d aɣerda i d-izewjen, d amcic i iquffen” sbt 57. Da, ameslay yuɣal ɣef yinzi. Am wakken iniz-nni d amdan i yettmeslayen, i d-yeqqaren ayen yettxemmim ɣef wayeḍ. Inaw da ibeddel tagnit deg tsiwelt, yessebded iman-is d ameslay ilelli war amsiwel.
Md5: Amek yenna uɣerda: “ad ṭṭṣeɣ s ukmac, ad ččeɣ aḥbac, wala zzhir n yimcac” sb78. Inzi-ya akken yella da, ulac acu i t-yessemgarden ɣef umedya wis 3, lamaɛna lxilaf i yellan, wa yedda-d ɣef yimi n yiɣersiwen.
Md 6: “ur d nettat i izegren aḥdid, teffeɣ i ubrid. Llum yellan ɣef wuccen rran-t ɣef umeksa” sbt 58. Deg umedya i d-nessken da, Xalifi tesdukkel sin n yinzan deg yiwet n tegnit n tmenna, terra-ten amzun d yiwen n yinzi.
4.2. Asatal n usemres n yinzan
Akken i d-nemmeslay yakan deg wayen yezrin, asemres n yinzan deg tsekla tatrart yuɣ aṭas n wudmawen. Ula deg tira n Kaysa Xalifi, yemgarad usemres-nsen seg usatal ɣer wayeḍ. Yal asatal tekkat amek ara s-d-tessekcem inzi i t-iwulmen ilmend n tegnit n tmenna akked tikli n tsiwelt d tedyant yerzan yal awadem. Deg wayen nwala nekkni, hat-a sumata ayen yerzan tira n yinzan ɣut tmeskart-a:
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Inzi d inaw n uwadem: da teggar-d inzi deg udiwenni gar sin n yiwudam. Md: “ata-n tura d acu i d-tḥekkuḍ? Meḥsub yemmut ilindi, ifuḥ aseggas-a, yak?d acu i kem-yewwin ɣer wayen ifuten?d acu i tetteffẓeḍ awadi, d llazuq n yilindi!uff…” sbt 23
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Asissen n tidmi n uwadem: da inzi yesskan-d acu yettxemmim uwadem d wamek ittmeyyiz tilufa deg wallaɣ-is (amek yettɛebbir d yiman-is). S yinzi nezmer ad nissin tidmi n uwadem d wamek yettwali ddunit. Md:“imi tezga tettawi dima tama taneddayt, tettsusum ula d nettat. Tessusem ur d-terri awal. Txser-as tneyyalt, ur tecliɛ ma rɣant neɣ zzant » sbt 32.
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Asissen n uwadem : inzi da yesskan-d kra n tulmisin n uwadem ilmend n kra n tegnatin deg tedyant n wungal.Md : «ur sqenɛent deg wannim-nni(…) bɣant ad tettent kan, ad ttaswent, ma d lxedma xaṭi. Ad mmagent am uḍar amezwaru, ur yettṣukku, ur yettḥukku » sbt 64.
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Aselḥu n tsiwelt: da inzi yedda d tsiwelt, yuɣal d inaw n uwadem i d-yettmeslayen deg uḍris. Md: « a ya rrbeḥ-iw, ihi tiyyita n ukeccuḍ wala tin n ublaḍ » sbt 26.
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Tamuɣli n uwadem ɣef wayeḍ: da yesskan-d ayen idemmu uwadem ɣef wayeḍ, ama deg wayen ixeddem, ama deg wayen yettxemmim. Md: « yezga yesduqqus-iten, yettini-yasen: « ɣli-d ay abexsis s imi, ma yella rrbeḥ s yiɣimi ». sbt 56
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Inzi d azwel : ɣur Kaysa Xalifi, inzan ur llin ara d azwel i wungal, lamaɛna d izewlen addayen i yixfawen yellan deg-s. yettak-d tikti tamatut i wayen ara yeḍrun deg yixef-nni. Md : « ur yuksan ḥed i t-yuɣen » sbt 9, « iḥṣel uxlul di lxiḍa » sbt 29.
5. Assaɣen igreḍrisanen deg n wungal Iḥulfan
Ma nmuqel tarrayt s wacu i d-tebder inzan, d usatal deg tegra yal yiwen deg-sen, nezmer ad negzu yiwet n temsalt : tira n yinzan deg Yiḥulfan, tga assaɣ awuran s ubrid n tgerḍrisant gar yinzi (afellaḍris) akked d yinaw n wungal (addaḍris). Assaɣ-a yessaweḍ ad yezdi akked uḍris n wungal ayen icudden ɣer tsekla timawit d wayen yellan deg-s ama d anamek, ama d tahuski, ama d idles, i yefkan udem d amaynut i talɣa-ya n yinaw. Aya yakk dayen i nezmer ad d-nessken da, anda ara d-nbeyyen amek i d-yella wassaɣ agerḍrisan gar yinaw n yinzi d win n wungal.
Akken nwala yakan,Genette deg tarrayt-is, yessemgared gar sin wazunen n useḍres: amezwaru d azun yerzan assaɣen yezdin sin neɣ ugar n yiḍrisen, am tebdert, ameɛɛen, takerḍa, d tesɣilt, wis sin d azun yerzan assaɣen n usuddem icerken aḍris d wayeḍ, nesɛa alsileɣ, yerza aḍris s timmad-is, d uḥaki, yerzan aɣanib n uḍris.Гer Genette (op.cit ;8), tabdert, ameɛɛen d tkerḍa d talɣiwin s wayes nezmer ad neɛqel aḍris aqbur daxel n uḍris amaynut. Гer kraḍ n talɣiwin-a, nezmer ad nernu tasɣilt i d-yessumer Annick Bouillaguet (1988).
Ma nuɣal ɣer tira n yinzan d amek i ten-id-teddem Xalifi deg wungal Iḥulfan, ad naf talɣa-nsen tuɣ tin tebdert: tuget n yinzan ay tessemres, nezmer ad ten-neɛqel deg tira-ines imi tegra-ten gar tuccar, llant tneqḍin. Aya yakk yesskan-d belli mačči d inaw-is. Rnu ɣer-s tessezwaray-iten-id s tenfaliyin am: amek yeqqar yinzi, yezga yettini, yezga fell-as yinzi i d-yeqqaren, akken yenna uɣerda. Rnu ɣer waya, yal mi ara d-tebder inzi, ad d-tini d acu-tt tewsit-ines. Гas akken drus maḍi n yinzan i d-tebder war tuccar, lamɛna yeshel ad ten-yeɛqel yiwen, imi talɣa-nnsen ur tebbdel ara.
Ma d assaɣ i izemren ad yili gar yinzan akked d tira n Kaysa Xalifi, nwala deg-s iwakken ad tesnerni aḍris-is, tessemres inzan. Tikwal akken ad d-teglem kra n tegnit, tikwal-nniḍen akken ad d-tessissen awadem d wamek yettxemmim. Llant tikkwal anida i t-tessemres iwakken ad tesnerni tasiwelt, bla ma nettu tahuski d unamek ifazen i d-terna i yinaw-is.
Taggrayt
Awal i d-newwi da ɣef yinzan deg wungal Iḥulfan n Kaysa Xalifi nessaweḍ yes-s ad d-nessken yiwe n tulmist n tira-ines. Akken i d-nenna yakan, asemres n yinzan yella-d s waṭas n yiberdan, ɣas akken talɣa ay uɣen deg wungal d tabdert. Inzan ttwaɛqalen s talɣa-nsen d unamek ay d-wwin i uḍris ungalen. Aḍris n tmeskart yezḍa assaɣen akked yinzan s ubrid n unkaz, d yiwen n ubrid i d-igellun s usnulfu yersen ɣef wayen yellan d amensay.
Maca, ayen nezrew da macci d alqayen.Aṭas n yinzan ay mazal uklalen tasleḍt iwakken ad nesɛu tikti tamatut ɣef twuri-nsen d tezrirt ay sɛan deg lebni n unamek amatu n wungal.
Llan daɣen aṭas n yiferdisen iḍrisanen, i d-tugem seg tsekla tamensayt, ay tessemres deg tira-ines. Iferdisen-a akken i ten-nwala, uklalen ula d nutni tazrawt, ara d-yesbeyynen azal-nnsen d twurwin-nnsen deg wungal. Am yinzan, iferdisen n tmacahut neɣ n wumyi, snernan tira n Xalifi, yelha ma yessukk-iten yiwen ɣef uɣerbal akken ad iwali d acu n yinumak s wayes d-glan deg tira-ya.


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Ccinwa tufa ij n lmeɛden d jjdid deg Uyur, di dujenbir 2020, yedwel-dd ssenni usarux i din sqaden s 1,7kg n weẓru.
Lux fesren-dd temrezzutin d imrezzuten n usinag n Pikin, min ɣa yewḍen di trezzut-nsen jar waṭṭas n tmeslayin nniḍen, ufin iɛeqqayen d imeẓẓyan n ca lmeɛden wer t-nessin di tmurt ula deg ujenna.
Lmeɛden-a semman-t Changesit-(Y), nnan x-as d lmeɛden n ufusfat maca yegga tubu. D azzdad 10 n twalatin kṭer zeg uẓuṭṭu n ucewwaf. Deg Ahilyum-3-.
Tawafit-a ttwalan-tt Icinwiyen d ij ḥajet temɣar. Ssa ataf ad wcen ddɛen ad sqaden isaruxen nniḍen, maḥend ad rzun x ca nniḍen. Zi 2030 ɣer zzat, ataf a din sqaden ɣer uyur.

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Tamsdalt:Tasna n Usnubg
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Brrk dar Tmsdalt Wikimidya!
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Adu tfawt n krisis n wetlaɛ i yemsaren x igmiren jar Lmuɣrib d Spaniya. Nnan ijurnalen Iwruppawiyen ila Lmuɣrib « issxdem » tawriqt n imetlaɛ maḥend ad izri fus i Uruppa. Mamec kritikan ula d tapulitikt n Uruppa wer iḍeffren ca ca n tebridin d « tileqqaɣin » di tutra n tuḍlibt.
Min yuqɛen di Sebta amenni ɛad aqqa ssawalen x-as deg ijurnalen Iwruppawiyen. Γir wwḍen ca n 8000 n umennɛruq d Imeɣrabiyen ɣer Sebta di yumayen-a, terr-dd Spanya azgen-nnsen ameqqran ɣer Lmuɣrib, ɛad aqqa tterran-dd inniḍen.
Inna ujurnal n « Der Spiegel » Aliman ila min tegga amenni Rrbaṭ yegga ameknaw min tegga Ankara qbel. Yura x usit-nnes alikṭruni : « Timegga Timeɣrabiyin sfekkarent-aneɣ-dd s lefɛayel n uselway Aturki Rejeb Tiyyeb Irdugan. I dd-ismuttyen ca n 15000 n weḍlib (exilés) ɣer igmiren n Turkiya aked Ugrik di Mars i yeɛdan. S uya azgen n Uruppa gg°den i ca n wussan ». Yerni yenna : « Waxxa amenni qa Rrbaṭ tiweḍ ɣer min txes : Temmel-dd i Iwuruppawiyen belli tzemmer ad asen-tezli fus s tewriqt n wetlaɛ ».
« Der Spiegel » ikritika timura n tmunit Tawruppawit umi wer wwiḍen ad ggen ijjen ssistim n tutra n tuḍlibt (asile) x igmiren-nnes n berra. Irni-dd inna « Waxxa amenni, nettaf-itent [ddewlat n Uruppa] ttemsurrufent aked ca n lḥukkam wallin ca d idimukraṭiyen ameknaw Irdugan d ugellid Muḥemmed wis setta, aked ddenf ». Iydar-dd ujurnal-a Aliman belli « tamunit Tawruppawit wer tettweqqir ca izerfan Iwruppawiyen x igmiren-nnes iberraniyen ». Iddettet ila aqqa « Wer ittḍerri manaya di walu minzi imetlaɛ rezzun wi ten ɣa iɛawnen waha. Mamec wer ittḍerri walu Uruppa ». Aked manaya, ssiwlen-dd x waṭṭas n iḥudriyen Imeɣrabiyen i idewlen ttɛicen di ẓẓleḍ. Nḍerren zeg wami ibelleɛ Lmuɣrib igmiren aked Spaniya s lehlak n Kuruna.
Lmuɣrib innay x weɛrur n imetlaɛ
Ajurnal n « Tages-Anzeiger » Aswisri ikritika Rrbaṭ d Madrid, alaḥsab mayen ittemsaren di Sebta. Yura ujurnal-a « Aqqa Lmuɣrib yenya x weɛrur n irgazen d temɣarin-a. Rrbaṭ terẓem i yigmiren-nnes, wer teqqim tḥeṭṭa igmiren aked tamunit Tawruppawit ». Yerni yenna, « manaya immal-dd taseyyast n Uruppa i yettḥuzan timeslayin-nnes ɣer ṭṭerf weḥḥd-s ».
Tiɛuffna teggur x yiḍaren-nnes !
Ajurnal n « Corriere della Sera » Aṭalyan issiwel x ca n « tmeẓra d tiɛeffanin » di Sebta. Yura ujurnal-a i d-itteffɣen zi Milano : « wwḍent-id ca n ṭṭunubinat d tiɛeskriyin (d Tispuniya) ɣer yijdi ḥuma ad dd-ferreɣent din ca n iɛeskriyen irrḍen ca n warruḍ iḥeṭṭan zeg uqerṭas d lkwasek d iquba. Imenneɛraq-nni ttuɣa-ten weḥḥlen…Sferzen zzag-sen iḥenjiren. Maca waxxa amenni azgen ameqqran n imenneɛraq-nni ṭṭfen-ten, jjin iḍaren-nnsen deg waman, maḥend wer ɛejjnen x ijjen tmurt d Tawruppawit ».
Tamunit Tawruppawit ixess ad tegg ca n ḥajet !
Yenna ujurnal n « La Vanguardia » Aspanyu aqqa belli zemmren imenneɛraq ad mmerniyen deg unebdu i dd-igguren. Yura : « Anebdu lexxu yeggur-dd. Abarru n tɣerruba n imenneɛraq ssujadent ad ẓwant tizi n wedrar n Gibrilṭar, wer din mamec i kid-sent ɣa nemsurruf ». Yerni yenna : « Spaniya ixess ad tegg merra tizemmar-nnes, maca ixess ula Tamunit Tawruppawit ad tegg la d netta tizemmar-nnes. Bruxelles ixess ad tegg ca n tmeslayin nniḍen bla afsar n isiwaḍ d ilaɣiten».
Twarrit n imenneɛraq ɣer Lmuɣrib maci d azerfan
Ajurnal n « Tageszeitung » Aliman d « Le monde » Afransis nnan-dd ila twarrit n imenneɛraq ɣer Lmuɣrib nican bla ma ad asen-wcen lḥeqq ad ttren tuḍlibt walli ca d azerfan. Yura « Tageszeitung » Abirlini: « Rrin aṭṭas zzag-sen [zeɛma imenneɛraq] ɣir ẓwan-dd igmiren bla lqanun, bla ma ad kid-sen ssiwlen ad ssnen min ɛnan, ad asen-wcen lḥeqq ad ttren tuḍlibt. Ddegg-a n tmegga wer tettmsisi ca aked lqanun Awruppi, tazreft Tawruppawit zi lebda wer kid-s tettis ca ».
Maca « Le monde » yenna belli Spaniya zi lebda tetterra imenneɛraq i dd-ittakk°aḍen ɣer Sebta d Mlilet. Ajurnal-a Aparisi yenna : « ddegg-a n tmegga i tettegg Spanita zi 2015, tettegg-itent ɣir di Mlilet d Sebta waha ». Lefɛayel-a i tettegg Spaniya jjint aṭṭas n temsmunin i ittbeddant aked tseqqar n imenneɛraq ad kritikant Spaniya x min tettegg amenni.
Ajurnal n « Financial Times » Abriṭani igg°ed ad tedwel Spaniya di mamec tettemsurruf aked weɛraq, am mamec ttuɣa Iṭaliya di lweqt n wewzir n daxel Matteo Salvini. Yura ujurnal : « Salvini isnekker arriwna wami ttuɣa ttakk°aḍen imenneɛraq ɣer weftas Aṭalyan, issxdem aya ḥuma ad ibeddel tapulitikt n tmurt-nnes. Ad yiri d lɛurret d tameqqrant mala yemsar ammu ula di Spaniya. Maca adu tfawt n umherwaḍ aseyyasi ameqqran, i yettmernayen s waṭṭas, bḥal walu ad ggen manaya ».


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Tzemreḍ ad txedmeḍ lewqam i tmurt-ik ugin ad k-d-fken tagnit…ayagi d lbaṭel.
Tettnaḍiḍ axeddim d ulac i k-id-iqublen…ayagi d lbaṭel.
Xuṣen-k isufar n wučči…ayagi d lbaṭel.
Xuṣen-k ttawilat n uṣiweḍ…ayagi d lbaṭel.
Ur tufiḍ ara ayen tebɣiḍ di ssuq…ayagi d lbaṭel.
Ugin ad ak-fken tamezduɣt… ayagi d lbaṭel.
Ur ufin ara warraw-ik anda ad uraren…ayagi d lbaṭel.
Arraw-ik ur ɣaren ara akken iwata…ayagi d lbaṭel.
Tettxelliṣeḍ tabzert ɣef iberdan yettwaqelɛen yerna ɣzan…ayagi d lbaṭel.
Tensiḍ i ṭlam neɣ ǧǧan-k mebla aman war ma xebṛen-k-id… ayagi d lbaṭel.
Tettẓalaḍ deffir n ccix ur negzi awal n Rebbi…ayagi d lbaṭel.
Tettnadiḍ ttberna tazedgant anda yella leqder i wakken ad tt-tesɛdiḍ akud
igerzen ur tufiḍ …ayagi d lbaṭel.
Terriḍ ad twaliḍ asaru neɣ tacquft n umezgun yelhan ur tufiḍ ara …ayagi d
lbaṭel.
tettnadiḍ ɣef tebḥirt neɣ tabraḥt anda ara tessixfeffeḍ cwiṭ deg ɛeyyu-inek ur
tufiḍ …ayagi d lbaṭel.
Aṭas i truǧaḍ akken ad d-ssufɣeḍ lkaɣeḍ neɣ ad d-xelṣeḍ idrimen…ayagi d lbaṭel.
Sellaḥ n lbirwat serwan-ak tazla d uqlaqal …ayagi d lbaṭel.
Truḥeḍ ad d-zureḍ amuḍin di ṣbiṭar tuḍneḍ seg wayen teẓriḍ…ayagi d lbaṭel.
Tessutreḍ azref-ik deg waxxam n ccreɛ ur k-d-isaḥ ara…ayagi d lbaṭel.
Yessaɛli-d ṣṣuṭ-is fell-ak umsaltu…ayagi d lbaṭel.
Tettidirḍeḍ di tegdi di tmurt-ik…ayagi d lbaṭel.
Yesɛedda rray-is yiwen fell-ak s ddreɛ…ayagi d lbaṭel.
Tebɣiḍ ad d-fkeḍ rray-ik ulac ttawil n tɣamsa…ayagi d lbaṭel.
Win i k-yittmetilen di tɣiwant neɣ di tesqamut s takkerḍa akked trafik …ayagi
d lbaṭel.
Tettxelliṣeḍ leɣrama i lḥukuma ur nessin ad sselḥun timsal…ayagi d lbaṭel.
Wid imi tettxelliṣeḍ tabzert ttakren idrimen-ik rnan tilelli-k…ayagi d lbaṭel.
Win i tferneḍ di tefranin iserbeḥ tama-s yerna ayla-s…ayagi d lbaṭel.
Ḥeqren tutlayt-ik rnan idles-ik…ayagi d lbaṭel.
Yeḍra wayagi yid-k uyerna tugiḍ ad d-suɣeḍ…ayagi d lbaṭel.


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Aberru
Aberru neɣ Ajṛad (Assaɣ ussnan: Locusta) d aburɣas yeṭṭafaren tafesna n tserdefriwin dges ugar n 20,000 n telmas yettidiren deg yidgan yemgaraden deg umadal, Aberru iga d yiwet n telmast n yebẓaẓ ilan (yesɛan) iṭarren udfiren (n deffir) ttallen-t i wenttag anda tezmer ad tentteg azal n 20 n tikkal n teɣzi n tfekka-ynes.
Aberru d aɣersiw ilan (isɛan) aṭas n icenga d ingiren (iɛdawen) am iylalen d iɣeṛdayen d izerman d izunzar akken daɣen i llan kra n izdayen d iɣerfan i t-itetten am kra n iɣerfan n Asya d imaziɣen n Sus.


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Deg 2019, tamsalt n tmettut i inehren takerrust, d aɣbel ɣer kra yimdanen imi tigad inehren ttafent-d ieewwiqen imeqqranen deg yiberdan . « Kra n yimdanen mi ara walin d tamettut i inehren takerrust, ssusufenn-d ɣer daxel. Wiyad, sexsaren-d lehdur neɣ ttargamen-d. Kra teddun amzun ad yekcem s tkerrust, akamyun neɣ amuṭu, di tkerrust iw, zaema akken ad i yi-sxeleen, syin ad wexren mi qrib ad isami takerrust, ad ittaḍṣa », i d-tenna yiwet n tselmadt n uɣerbaz amenzu ɣef temsalt-agi.
Tgellu-d turart n yimdanen-agin s waṭas n lexsara imi imxixen ur xussen ara : Yal tiɣmert s ubaxix i d-igellun s yimejrah neɣ lmeytin mebla ma nettu taruẓi n tkeryas. Ayagi, yettili-d ladɣa deg yiberdan ideyqen anda kra n yimdanen ur neqbil ara tikti n tmeṭṭut inehren. Tturaren di ssaḥ, ttaɛraḍen ad zeyyren tanehhart alamma qrib ad tegrireb neɣ ad tekcem di lfussi : « Tedduɣ s tkerrust, yetbeɛ-iyi-d ukamyun n sselea, yettsuni. Uɣalaɣ ɣer ṭṭerf i wakken ad ieeddi. Segmi abrid, yedyeqq, yedda-d armi d tama n tkerrust-iw, yeqqara-yi-d yir imeslayen. Yeḥreṣ-iyi armi ḥebeaɣ ɣer ṭṭerf. Mačči d tikkelt tamezwarut, yerna zriɣ mačči d taneggarut », i d-tnna Massa T.E tamejjayt n yigerdan.
Nisma Tigrin


text:
10ème
année
Numéro 41 Septembre
2009
Tayeḍnin
Sɣur Belɛid
At-Ɛli, isebtaren 260-262
TIYIḌNIN
Qqaren-as : Leqbayel, ḥercen,
neţa ulac iɛeggunen am nutni ! Ur ɛdilen ara medden irkel,
d tideţ, lameɛna, gar cwiṭ d waṭas, nekk a d-iniɣ
mačči d akken ţzuxxun s leqraya-nnsen, s takayt-nnsen. Dacu kan,
ɣur-sen yiwet zaden deg-s ; terna, ula d tinna, ɣur-i nekk, d
iri-ţ : ɣur-sen : efk-asen ţjara, efk-asen ad aɣen
ad zenzen, efk-asen akk ayen nniḍen. Aqbayli ma yesɛa rebɛa-surdi,
a ţ-twaliḍ la yeţazzal ɣer lbiɛ wcra,
« lkumirs » ! D ayen sway uɣalen ɛecqen deg yedrimen, ɛecqen
deg ‘surdi, xir wakken ara yeɛceq bnadem deg tmeṭṭut. Lameɛna,
nebda-d ɣef tiḥerci…
Ulac win ikelxen
Leqbayel am waɛraben, ahat imi ɣer tmurt waɛraben i
ţ-inigen zik, znuzun-asen taɛeṭṭart. Ulamma ţawin-d
sɣur-sen cwiṭ n lfayda, lameɛna, ɣef wakken d-ḥekkun,
-dɣa wid yunagen ɣer din-, lfayda-nni… ɣlayet…
Yiwen n wedrar-ayi-nneɣ,
tuɣ-it kra n teswiɛt, yeznuzu taɛeṭṭart di leɛmala
n Qsentina. Neţa, ladɣa, « taḥanuţ » n bbu-tɛeṭṭart
Aqbayli, a Rebbi ma teččur tadakemt ufus : a tafeḍ ɣur-s
tawemmust n tɛeqqucin, sin neɣ tlata yimesakken, sin neɣ tlata n
lemrawat d kra yimeqyasen, ma d win yesmeɣren lecɣal. Lḥasun,
kra s ceḥḥa, kra s lxuf amer anda ten-ţɛerrin, refden kan
cwiṭ, akken ara lḥun anda i sen-yehwa.
Azwawi-yagi ɣef la
d-nḥekku yekker yiwen wass, yerfed taḥanuţ-is ɣef yiri-s,
ad iruḥdi temdint ɣer tayeḍ. Yeṭṭef abrid, yeffeɣ
i temdint, yekcem lxali.
Iṭij n tmurt-agi,
ladɣa, mačči am wagla-nneɣ : d times i d-yeţak i
Waɛraben, almi ţuɣalen d iberkanen ! A twaliḍ ala
ijdi d yedɣaɣen la d-ţefrurin.
Lameɛna,
« mmi-s n tmurt » yewqem lemḍella ɣef uqerruy-is, la ileḥḥu.
Γef yiwen umkan,
yeqḍeɛ yiwen Waɛrab iɛebba-d ɣef uɛrur-is… ayen
ara iɛebbi weɣyul : ala talaba : yiwen ubernus ɣef
tayeţ, axellal d weɛdil anect-ilat sufella n tayeţ nniḍen :
lḥasun, la ileḥḥu, inedder, yekna, la yesmiriy tidi.
Akken i t-id-yeqḍeɛ
Uqbayli-nni, yefreḥ Dadda-k Aɛrab : yenna-yas :
Yefka-yi-d Rebbi win ara yi-iɛiwnen.
Lferḥ-is yennerna
mi yas-yenna bbu tɛeṭṭart ɣer temdint mBu… i
iteddeu : yeḍḥa-d ula d neţa ɣer din i iteddu.
Ruḥen, ddukklen,
la leḥḥun.
Tura ; yerja
« bbu-yzerman » ad as-yini « bbu-tɛeqqucin » :
Awi-d a k-ɛiwneɣ ! Ulac. Akken iwala iman-is dayen, yemmut,
yenna-yas-d :
Ah ay Azwawi, aql-i
mmuteɣ ! ℇiwen-iyi cwiṭ : rfed-iyi yiwet deg leḥwayej-a
armi d B…
Yugi weɛdaw Rebbi.
Yufa-yas-d tisebbiwin : ur zmireɣ ara… helkeɣ… ‘atg’. Akken t-yeɛreḍ,
ulac.
Kemlen akken la leḥḥun :
win l yeţinhit, yeffeɣ-d wul-is ; wayeḍ, lemḍella, ɣef
wallen, la icellex iḍarren-is.
Taswiɛt, yenṭeq-d
Waɛrab, yenna-yas :
Rḍel-iyi-d, ɛecra
duru !...
Aqbayli yebded, yebded,
yewhem : mačči (--) yaẓ-d isutren areṭṭal, deg
tlemmast n seḥra : yewhem imi yaẓ-d isuter areṭṭal
ur t-yessin.
Kifac ? Ad ak-d-reḍleɣ
ɛecra duru ? Nta mehbul ? Anaya, ass kamel, nejri bac a d-sewreɣ
rebɛa ’surdi, keččini tgull-i rḍel-iyi-d ɛecra
duru !...
Aɛrab, mi iruja
akken cwiṭ, yerna iluɛa-t-id :
Agad Rebbi, ay
azwawi ! ℇecra duru-yagi uḥwaǧeɣ-tent aṭas. Ẓriɣ
d laman ur yi-tumineḍ ara : ɣur-k lḥiq imi ur yi-tessineḍ
ara. Daɣ-neţa, rḍel-iyi-tent, nekk ad ak-d-fkeɣ yiwet lḥaja
d rrihna : ma day-gella rriɣ-ak-d idrimen-ik, kečč, a
yi-d-terreḍ agla-w ; neɣ, mulac, lḥaja-nni d agla-k, zdat
Rebbi zdat lɛebd !
Dɣa, argaz yeldi
imeẓẓuɣen-is anect wid weɣyul. Allen-is wwtent ɣer
yeɛdil-nni yeţmecruruqen ɣer yiṭij : di ddunit-is s
lekmal ur yeẓri ara taqbaylit tezḍa-t am winna. Yenna-yas :
Dacu teɛṭil-i
d lḥaja aţ-rehneɣ ?
Aɛrab, din din,
yekkes-d aɛdil-nni dɣa : d win akk i yeẓẓayen.
Yefka-yas-t-id, yenna-yas :
Hata, d wayi i sɛiɣ
ɣlay. Fkan-iyi deg-s mya duru.lameɛna, wicɛlih, axir a t-tawiḍ
kečč !
Dadda-tneɣ bbu-yniɣman,
yekkes-d ɛecra duru si tkemmust, yefka-yas-tent. Yeṭṭef aɛdil,
yerr-it-id ɣef tayeţ-is ; la d-ileḥḥu
yeţargu : Mya duru ! Anaɣ a Rebbi ! Mya duru ! Ad
d-aɣeɣ tamazirt… ad ɛiwdeɣ lebni ; ad d-rnuɣ
takna i temcumt-nni… ad…
La d-ileḥḥu
yeţargu. A yuɣ lḥal, la d-leḥḥun, leḥḥun ;
ar d-lḥan, neţa yeččur d tidi : aɛdil yerẓa-yas
tayeţ… almi wwḍen ɣer tewwurt n temdint-nni B… am win ara
t-id-yewten s ubeqqa, mi yaẓ-d yenna Waɛrab :
Ax, a mmi-s n tmurt
idrimen-ik, awi-d aɛdil-iw.Ikeţer xir-k, bqaɛlaxir.
Yewwi aɛdil-is,
iruḥ.
Aqbayli-nni, wi’
yessnen, ar ass-agi ma yefhem-iţ neɣ ala ?
Numéro 41 Septembre 2009
JEAN LMUHUB ƐEMRUC,
winna
neţţu
sɣur Mohand Ait-Ighil
Ur iḥulfa ’ra i
yiman-is yettusayal deg yidles afransis,
ɣas ma yella yura
aṭas s tefransist, akken i t-d-jebbden
ɣur-sen, akken i
t-id-ttsummun ɣur-sen,
iẓuran-is n
yidles amaziɣ.
Jean Lmuhub Ɛamruc,
ilul ass n 7 furar, aseggas 1906, deg Iɣil Ɛli, tawilayt n Bgayet,
yensa s lehlak n cancer ass n 16 ibrir, ussan n tefsut, aseggas 1962 di Paris.
Yettwam’del berra i tmurt-is âzizen, di tjebbant Sargé/Braye di Loire
et Cher.
Jean
Lmuhub Ɛamruc, d mmi-s n yidles ; netta daɣen yeqbel idles ad
yezdeɣ deg-s. Ungal amezwaru i d-isaẓreg deg useggas 1934 di Tunes,
d amudd yisefra. Yefka-yas isem « Iɣiɣden » (Cendres). Imudd-aɣ-d
zdaxel-is tamedyazt i d-yura s tefransist, ma d axemmem ixemmem-itt s
teqbaylit. Yeffi-d aṭas n wawal yezḍan s wunuɣen imadwanen (images
abstraites). Tid i d-yemmalen lxiq d lɣecc fiḥel ma isedda-d
ttar neɣ tiḥsift. Gar tmedyazin i d-yuzen tella tayi :
« kulci yettnus,
kulci yettfut,
akken tudert a taɣ amur.
Ayen tebɣum twalam, d udem n lmut,
akken daɣen nettat d arelluc gar yifassen n tudert. »
«
Tout meurt
Tout se dissout
Pour
que naisse la Vie
Toute
image de nous est image de mort
Mais
aussi toute mort est un gage de Vie »
Yura-d daɣen :
A tiliwin yettferfiren deg tafukt yucaɛen,
A lexyal bezṭuḥen deg yiḍ
yessaɣen.
S tmuɣli icenqen deg wallen yergazen,
Yettnadin tifrat i tuttriwin wul,
D rraḥa isulsen n terwiḥt
Anda tizdit yiṭij tettnus.
Nekk, kmumseɣ deg ’man-iw ttnadiɣ
acrureq amezwaru,
i walaɣ d tasarutt i tirga-w.
« Ombres flottantes sur
clarté
diffuse
Faibles lueurs sur la nuit épaisse
Par les regards trop stricts des hommes
Qui cherchent à résoudre l'énigme de leur coeur
Salve nocturne de l'âme
Où les faisceaux du soleil s'épuisent
Replié sur moi-même je cherche
le rayon primordial
comme une clef des songes ».
Γer useggas 1937,
yerna-d ammud nniḍen n tmedyazt « Itri uffir » (Étoile
secrète) i d-yesaẓreg daɣen deg Tunes. Ta, d yiwet deg tmedyazin
i d-yuzen zdaxel-is. anda Jean Lmuhub Ɛamruc,
amdan d umedyaz, ttnadin ɣef tafat d tallalt ara ten-id-yesnesren
seg lɣerba i t-ijelqen i lehna :
snufseɣ lğetta n ddunit
din
din ddunit tceṭṭeḥ deg-i,
…
zedɣent-iyi
tirga yimɣan,
n
tewririn yegnen am tlawin yestaḥlan.
Maɛna
terwel-iyi temẓi,
ḥulfaɣ
s terzeg deg yimi
tin
n tmusni d lmuzigat d tirni,
yettecruruden
deg tefsut n temẓi
cwiṭ cwiṭ
tsuɛef
tikli taweḥdanit n yidammen.
Gar
tɣawsiwin anda yettferfir usmekti n tafukt
tegeɛmer
tallest n umdan.
«
J'ai respiré la chair du monde
et
le monde dansait en moi,
J'étais
plein du rêve des plantes,
des
collines ensommeillées comme des femmes après l'amour.
Mais j'ai perdu l'esprit d'enfance,
…
Ma
bouche s'est emplie de l'âcre saveur
de
la connaissance et la musique du monde
qui
ruisselait au printemps de l'enfance
peu
à peu s'est évanouie dans le pas solitaire du sang.
Entre les Choses solitaires où flotte un souvenir de Lumière
s'est
épaissie la nuit de l'homme ».
Jean Lmuhub Ɛamruc,
d amangal amezwaru Azzayri yuran s tutlayt tafransist. Asmi d-yelha, yufa-d
yezzi-d s yidles ixulef win i s-selmaden. Seg yimar icemmer ɣef yiɣalen,
yebda anadi ɣef yidles-ines anesli. Yeẓra yella wayen yezmer a
d-yeffi deg yidles afransis ayen s wacu ara iseğhed idles-ines. Γef
waya yelmed akk ayen i d-yezzin i tsekla tafransist. Syin yuɣal ɣer
usiẓreg n wagla-s. deg useggas 1939, isuffeɣ-d di Tunes ammud
nniḍen yuran s teqbaylit d tefransist, isem-is « Ccna Tamaziɣt
n Teqbaylit » (Chants berbères de Kabylie). S leqdic-a aṭas
yimeɣrayen i iwalan tamedyazt tella s tutlayin nniḍen ; tamaziɣt.
Seg wass-nni, Jean Lmuhub Ɛamruc, yesbedd idles amaziɣ ɣef
tgejda seḥḥant. Tamedyazt yuran s tutlayt tamaziɣt tuɣ
amur deg umaḍal. Akken dɣa i t-id-yura deg tezwart : “S ccbaḥa
d tezdeg n ccna aqbayli, asnulfu alsawi n yergazen d tlawin yecnan tadukli n
ddunit, yes-sen nezmer a naɣ amur ɣer usnulfu d talsa, iɣef i ɣ-teserwel
« tɣerma ».”
Γas
akken deg tektabt-a, imudd-aɣ-d tamedyazt i d-yelqeḍ, maca, mi neɣra
isental iɣef seftint awal, a naf amzun yextar-iten-d ɣer wayen
yettxemmim, zdin d yisental iɣef yedyez netta yabeɛda:
A
ṭṭir azegzaw n rras
…
A
tselmeḍ ɣef yineḥbas
Deg
lɣerba kulas
Ssber
ay aḥbib n Rebbi.
Neɣ
deg tmedyazt nniḍen anda I d-yettmeslay ɣef wayen i d-yezgan gar-as
d wayen iɣef ixaq:
Ay
adrar beddeɣ-ak ssix.
…
Eǧǧ
abrid ad ɛeddint wallen,
Tamurt
n baba ḥnini.
Ulamma
xedmeɣ lecɣal
Ul-iw
din i yettili.
Ulac win
izemren a d-immeslay ef Jean Lmuhub Ɛamruc am Dda Lmulud At Mɛemmer,
yennan deg tezwart i s-d-iga i wungal: « atentad din teyirin, atnad din
wawalen, atentad din am tmuzigt am cna i d-yuɣalen, uɣalen-d akken i
sen-tessaleḍ deg-k. Tessneḍ tamacahutt yesgellen, acḥal
d lesnin, acḥal d leqrun, tamusni-nneɣ taqburt… cfu a Jean Lmuhub,
anaɣ tessneḍ a truḍ s teqbaylit. »
Γer
useggas 1946, yuɣal s tira ɣef umezruy n tmurt yettwattun. Jean
Lmuhub Ɛamruc, yura-d yiwen n uḍris ɣef Yugariten. Anda i
d-yura fell-as d agellid ur yebɣin beṭṭu n Tmazɣa « … tagelda n Numidya, tefreq ɣef tlata :
Aderbal, Hiempsal d Yugariten. Yugariten, ur yeqbil beṭṭu-ya n Tmazɣa,
yugi rray i d-yeffɣen seg ugraw n Rruman…Seg yimar, imḍebren n
Rruman bdan ttxemmimen amek ara walin imal n Tmazɣa. »
Mi yekfa taɣuri di
Tunes, di tesnawit (lycée), ikemmel timsirin-is deg lakul n St Cloud.
Syin yuɣal d aselmad n tsekla deg tesnawit n Ssus, umbeɛd deg tin n Ɛennaba
i wakken a d-yuɣal alamma d Tunes. Din i d-yessen amedyaz Armand
Guibert. Γer useggas 1934 d 1937, isaẓreg-d timedyazin-is
timezwura. Γer tallit umaḍal wis-2, i yemlal, di Tunes, d André
Gide.
Jean
Lmuhub Ɛamruc, yuɣal d anemhal n tesɣunt taseklawit « L’Arche ».
Tin ideg tekkan, s yimagraden, ismawen meqqren n tsekla tafransist am (Albert
Camus, Antonin Artaud…)
Jean
Lmuhub Ɛamruc, yefka-d udem d amaynut i rradyu. Yerra-d amḍiq i
tsekla zdaxel-is. Am tedwilin i d-yerra deg rradyu Tunis-R.T.T.
(1938-1939), Radio-France-Alger (1943-1944), et surtout Radio-France-Paris
(1944-1958). Deg-sent uɣen amur akk irgazen n tsekla yuklalen azal (Roland
Barthes, Jean Wahl, Kateb Yacine…), neɣ at teklut (Charles
Lapicque).
Jean
Lmuhub Ɛamruc, d amdan yefkan azal i usnulfu, akken dɣa i iletha
yess. D netta i d amezwaru di rradyu, i d-yessuffɣen tadwilt (émission)
n tdiwennit d yimangalen. Akka i d-yugem d tidiwenniyin d François Mauriac,
André Gide…
Ma d
aɣmis n tmeddurt-is, yura seg 1928 ar 1961, atan ɣer mmi-s Pierre.
Isefti-d deg-s awal ɣef waṭas n lecɣal i d-imuger. Imarayen i
s-d-yeldin allen ɣer tira. Llant tmedyazin ueğğa d azgen, ayen
akk yeqdec deg lgirra n Lezzayer, xersun ayen iwala ilaq a d-yeqqim d later ama
fell-as ama ɣef tmetti i d-yezger s umata.
Seg 1958
almi 1961, iṭaxer-d seg rradyu n Fransa, yuɣal iqeddec deg rradyuwat
n Lausanne d Geneve, di Sswis. Din, yefka-d liɛana meqqren i lgirra
n Lezzayer.
Kra n
ddurtat kan, send a d-yili ustenyi ɣef tlelli n Lezzayer, yensa Jean
Lmuhub Ɛamruc s lehlak n cancer. Win yebḍan gar snat n lɛadat
tidelsanin, tafransist sway i d-yetturebba d teqbaylit taneslit-is. Win yennan
« Tira, ttaruɣ s tefransist. Ma d imeṭṭi, ssneɣ ad
ttruɣ s teqbaylit. »
Jean
Lmuhub Ɛamruc, yewwi yid-s tuttriwin ur sent-id-yufi tifrat. « Tessneḍ anwa i d
baba anta i d yemma ? Tzemreḍ a yi-d-temleḍ anta i d
tamurt-iw ? Lḥasun, ur
ssineɣ la baba
la yemma, ḍḥiɣ d agujil
ur sɛiɣ tamurt.»
Yensa
akken yebḍa gar yidles afransis d yidles-ines ajaddiw n teqbaylit. Γef
waya yenna : « Fransa d tarwiḥt n tayti-inu (esprit),
Lezzayer d tayti n terwiḥt-iw. »
Ait Ighil Mohand
taɣbalutt :
Wikipedia
Cendres – J.L.Amrouche
Chants berberes de
Kabylies- J.L.Amrouche
Archives Association
Jean et Taos Amrouche
Waf
amagrad sYur Abdelmottaleb ZIZAOUI (Filère: Etudes amazighes, Oujda)
Waf[1],
d wa d azwel[2]
n tmezgunt yura Muh’emmed Buzeggu. Awarn i sin n wengalen nnes: Ticri x tma n
tsarrawt (2001), Jar ujar (2004), d ict n tes’mud’t n tullisin[3]: Ifri
n âuna (2006).
Tamezgunt a tarbu att’as’ n imunas jar isebtar[4] nnes,
yus d ad ikkes afray xaf tussna nnegh, amezruy nnegh, insayen[5]
nnegh, tamazight nnegh…
Mamec d yusa di temsizwart n wedlis:
“WAF” d taghuyyit ijehden mani aseghdi ineqq awal, d alaghi zi rallagh
n wul mani tayri tettwanegh, d asitm i ict n tudart tecna mani itarrasen nnughen
jar min teggen d min xsen ad ggen, d tudart ixsn tilelli i wawal i weydud mgal[6]
ah’ewwes n tseqqar n temghart d yewdan marr’a, mgal aseghdi i inghin tutlayt
tamazight.
Tamezgunt a turem s reh’riq n tarezzut xaf tidet innughen, ittwacerfen
jar sin n ighezdisa: zi tudart ghar rmewt, zi s’ubas’t’a ghar tayri, zeg
uh’udri ghar waryaz, zi tallest ghar tfawt. Itarrasen n tmezgunt temhafan,
tneqrad’n, tmuruden, arezzun s reh’riq deg wul xaf cra i ten ghar issufghen s
id’aren nnsen h’uma ad uyarn amc marra iwdan. D WAF i ten ineqqen, d WAF i ghar
nghen.
Amaru, ar ami yura tamezgunt a, issars d marr’a tarz’ugi n wussan.
Tawuri[7]
a, ixsen ad teqd’u isekraf n imunas, bac
war ttili tutlayt nnegh d tanecruft n yixf nnes, tus d d anza[8]
aqa tasekla tamazight teggwar ad taf ansa nnes jar marr’a tasekla
tamad’lant[9]. Tira
a texs ad tlellec am benneâman deg iyyar n tsekla tamazight, war ttili d
isennanen isnuqquben arrimet n tussna nnegh.
Deg umeggar, ameghri iggwar ad yaf ixf nnes jar tiwinas[10]
tizirarin mani d tedd’uqquz’ tinit n ict n tudart tiz’id’, d turja i iksin
ijjen ijjen…
Abdelmottaleb
ZIZAOUI (Filère: Etudes amazighes, Oujda)
Numéro
41 Septembre 2009
Le texte intégral du Dictionnaire Français Berbère par E.
Destaing, en PDF, 300 pages dans
notre rubrique téléchargement.
Numéro 41 Septembre
2009
Asefru
n 1871
Sɣur Ɛ.Mezdad,
1983
Deg Yebrir ass n 17 mi isuɣ uberraḥ
timlilit deg At-Yiraten Larbɛa yebnan ɣef
sseḥ
agdud dayen d imsebbel am umeksa am ufellaḥ
Ay atma ma
yexḍa ţaṛ tajmaɛt dayen ad ţ-nsemmeḥ.
Tulawin zwarent mačči ass-a i d amenzu
ad fetlent
aḥlalas mi fukkent seksu
ččen medden win ar-a
yemten ad yeṛwu
Yeḥma ubendayer yewzen usefru
argaz ar-a yuɣalen deffir abux ad as-yeḍlu.
Mi d-yewweḍ
imir imenɣi isuɣ-d uterras
nedder armi d ass-a, ttṛad-a nurǧa-t ad
d-yas
ccudet irkasen yakk d ibrenyas
Larbɛa ad teɣli ssya ad yali wass
Ffer leɛyub ay akal lmut yak yiwass.
Yal wa d awal-is, ḥezzmen gezzmen
wid yedderkkiren la ddekkiren
wis yessfruyen la ssefruyen
wid yeţnecṛaḥen la ţnecṛaḥen
wid yeţẓallan ẓzullen
ma d wid yuggaden ssusmen.
Ussan-as yakk leɛrac yenddeh yiwen ṭtamen
tameslayt-is d timgemment uggaɣ d tinna n
yemneffqen
Larbɛa d ameṣmar di tgecrirt ay atmaten
Skud yenta nɛab rrẓen ifadden
ma tebɣam tilelli mmtet d imsebblen
ma tebɣam azaglu ad yili Ṛebbi yid-wen.
Rrṣas yugar rrɛud yuli uḥeǧǧaju
yiwen ur d-yuɣal ɣer deffir ṭtbel rrṣas
asuɣu
Aṭas i yeɣlin i d-yenna usefru
3000 d argaz i ɣ-yemmuten
as n 27 di Mayu.
Asmi teffeɣ tefsut iɣeẓza-ţ wurɣu
ger izegzawen d iquranen nezzer deg wanu
mi
ifukk ṭtrad wis-sin yid-Sen teɣli-d fell-aɣ deɛwessu
ar
assa n wussan yemdel wallaɣ yedderɣel unecfu.
Ɛ.Mezdad,
1983
Adresse de messagerie
électronique :
Adresses
Web:
http://ayamun.ifrance.com/index.htm
tanemmirt, i kra iẓuren
ayamun, cyber-tasYunt n
tsekla tamaziɣt, ar tufat !
@Copyright ayamun 2000
Dernière révision : vendredi 15 juillet 2011
[1] WAF d tamezgunt
[2] Titre
[3] Nouvelles
[4] Pages.
[5] Traditions.
[6] Contre
[7] Travail.
[8] Preuve.
[9] Littérature universelle
[10] Phrases


text:
Yeddem awal, deg tazwara, unemhal n AAB Omar Fetmouche, akken ad yesnemmer anaẓur-amekla -a ɣef wayen ixeddem d tiɣri-ines ar talwit d tayri deg umaḍal s ttawil n telwihin id yesnulfuy yal tikelt.
Si tama-s Boubker Hamsi, yeddem awal, daɣen, akken ad yesnemmer wid iḥeḍren deg umkan, ugar yesnemmer tamurt n Belgique is d-yeldin tiwura-ines asmi i yeffeɣ seg tmurt n Lezzayer, seg mi yesɛa 27 iseggasen ar assa-a. Dɣa, din i tebbaɛzeq ugar tẓuri-ines.
Boubeker Hamsi, ilul deg useggas n 1952 deg taddart n Mezgug deg idurar n At Weɣlis, tama n Sidi Aich, di tmurt n iqbayliyen, yextar abrid n tufɣa seg mi yesɛa 27 iseggasen di tudert-ines. Simal iseggasen ttɛeddayen, simal yettwassen ugar, dɣa, deg useggas-nni n 2009 tettunefka-s cciɛ meqqren(la haute distinction d’Officier de l’Ordre de la couronne) di tmurt n Belgique seg yifassen n tneɣlaft n yidles Fadila Laanan, ɣef umecwar-ines deg tẓuri d wayen akk d-yesnulfa d tilwiḥin, unaẓur-a Aqbayli.
Deg useggas n 1994 Boubeker Hamsi, s yesnulfa-d yiwet n tdukla i umi isemma « AFUS », yes-s i iga yiwen usenfar i umi yeqqar » Ifassen n usirem » anda i d yegmer yiwen wamud n telwiḥin, yes-sent ara yettwazraɛ wara yeddu, ɣef tikelt, deg wazal n 84 n tmura wawal « Talwit i akk iɣerfan » d » seg temẓi i ibeddu umecwar akken ad d-tufrar lehna » « Si tu veux la paix prépare l’enfance ». Anaẓur-a yexdem aṭas n tɣwsiwin-nniḍen deg w annar-a, ad d-nebder gar tid anda id yettwafran netta akken ad yeklu, « la station metro » n Lemonnier netta d lemɛawna n Luc Legrand d win yettnadin deg umezruy n tẓuri, ihi, Boubeker Hamsi yessufeɣ-d tilwiḥin meqqren i ɣef klan yifassen si mkul ṣenf d yiniten, akken daɣ i tent-icebbeḥ s dyisekkilen d yizumal n Tmaziɣt sya d sya.
D anmahal n Tgelda n Belgique Christiaan Van Driessche i yeddmen awal n taggara, wa ihi, yeffures tagnitt akken ad d-yenteq, seg Bgayet, taggara n ccɣel-is di tmurt n Lezzayer, yesnemmer aṭas anazur-a yekkin yal-ass deg umqarab n yidelsen akk d umennuɣ ɣef talwit, deg umaḍal.
« Anmahal s tidett d Boubeker Hamsi, d yimdanen am netta id yettaǧǧan deffir-nsen tiɣri n talwit », s wakka id-yekfa awal-is unmahal n Tgelda n Belgique.
Samir At Buɛza.


text:
Amagrad : Irmuden n temzayt
Asmil : Tigejda n tanaramant
Amyaru:Amaruyidir
Di tazwara , ad nesmekti bli tamzayt d aferdis agejdan n tanaramant, mebla tamzayt ur d-tetsili ara uguzdi. Iɣella ad gen amek ara yili unagraw n temzayin di yal armud.
D acu i d armud n temzayt?
Armud n temzayt izmer ad yili :
- Iguren,
- Takuta tamazdayt,
- Asilaɣ tazuri,
- Tamusni n imdanen,
- Acali d umenṭar
- Tanfalit n teyti n temzayt,
- Tanfalit n tegmats,
- Timlilit iked temzayt niḍen d uguzdi-ines.
Irmuden d leqdic
Ikayaden ad ten-sudes iked tezmert n ilmeẓyen n tudar d tiɣermiwin timeẓyanin, ilaq ad nadi af tegnatin amek ara nsendel timusniwin(timlilit iked umusnaw, tarmist tameẓyant,….)
Agama
Asali n tifiwin di tezgi i usiked n ugama(imudren, aylalen..,), tamuɣli af usedwel n tewnaṭ, amzzizel mgal aluɣu.
Aḥraz n uzmam n temzayt, deg-s akk tifin n temzayt (amḥiwef, aseklu…)
Asali n wammas n tegnawt i usikked n waddad unziw d userwes igmaḍ iked warden n imeẓla n waddad unziwen n unezzway d wid n tiliẓri.
Get asnirem n temnaṭ, ad tefkem di tuɣalin, aɣawas, tawlift,tikarac, alemmec, imɣan, imerkeḍ, ibelɛac, asɣaren.
Tiɛubja tawfust
- Sɛaya n tnemselt s walalen-is asilanen ilaqen,
- Sɛaya n temgri n temzayt, afran n tmazagt iked useḍru imahilen i uznuzu-nsen,
- Čaret yerna dleget tiɣmert n temzayt,
- Aseḍru n usali kan aka.
Tadawsa d waddal
- Afran n umḍiq n tuga anda ara seluɣuyen ifaddaden s addalan,
- Asali n temmelit taɣarant, s talɣa n tenfust n temzayt s tikli s tbuṣult.
Tanfalit
Asenked bli tamzayt ad tetseki xarsum s ccena(talilt), urrar, amezgun di tfaskiwen tadiganin neɣ tiɣnawin.
Leqdic i wiyaḍ
- Atseki deg leqdic amazday,
- Asisdeg d tuẓut n imɣan, deg urti azuyaz d win uɣerbaz,
- Tuẓut n isekla di tezgi,
- Atseki deg temzzizlt n useḥbibar af isekla,
- Astseki deg temzzizelt n uselḥulfu af tmuhant useluy, iked uɣucim af temeti,
- Atseki di tirziwin ar imuḍan,
- Tirziwin ar igujilen, d tikci n warrazen d wurrar
I wudem n Ṛebbi
Yal armud n temzayt i wudem n Ṛebbi, ama d aḥraz n ugama, neɣ aken ad isnerni tiɛubja-ines neɣ n wiyaḍ, ad isinef tizyiwin-is af wuguren n tmeti, yal armud ad iwali deg-s ufaddad iga amerwas-is i Ṛebbi.
Ayen tirziwin iked iguren n temzayt?
Tirziwin iked iguren n temzayt i useḍru d usnerni n teyti n temzayt , daɣen d tagnits i temzayt aken ad tsilel timusniwin timaynutin iked useɣti sen-ilaqen.
Daɣen d akud n useḍru, d usilel n tawuri i bḍan deg usqqamu n temzayt.
Amek ad nseḍru igur neɣ tirzi n temzayt
Ur nesḍru ara igur n temzayt aken kan ad nseḍru igur, ilaq ad isɛu iswi ara naweḍ.
Tudsa ilaq ad tseḍwel kra n ilugan :
- Ilaq ad tili teɣṭast deg usqqamu n temzayt. d adeg anda tiktiwin n imeslaḍ n temzayt n tesara-tent d timezdiyin.
- Irmuden ad sen-ḥerkel yerna ad ten-sudes : ahil ummid yerna yura, ared n yal taɣawsa(amesni, atug, tiram, angawen).
- Asenfar ad t-ideggi usqamu n ifesnawen.
- D imkedi ar tayti n temzayt.
Talɣutin i d-gemren ifaddaden, igur, iked tirziwin ilaq ad anẓent iswiyen imenza n temzayt.
Ur netetsu ara asenked n tugna tamdagt n tanaramant ar tmetti sumata, tasenbert n wannuz d amestan n tugna-agi.
Awway s tira ilaq ad t-nar i uɣela ar tuɣalin, tamzayt ilaq ad tefk azal i useḍru-ines deg useqqamu n temzayt i d-tedun aken ad tnerni ugar.
Tawuri n iɣella
Ayen isaɣen irmuden n temzayt, iɣella ilaq fel-asen :
- Asniref n imeslaḍ,
- Anǧaɛ-nsen,
- Tukci imedya n useḍru,
- Asniref n isuteb-nsen, alel n ifesnawen izewṛen.
- Snemmer iseḍruyen.
Iɣella ur ilaq ara ad selkemen deg useḍru n irmuden n temzayt aken Afesnaw ad iḥulfu d amasay n urmud.
Maca iɣella :
- Ad selken aḥerkel n temzayt,
- Ad sunfen inaramen aken ur cḍen ara bla anamek,
- Ad senkeden taɣlist n temzayt,
- Ur ts-mudun ara turagt bla aḥerkel taɣ
Ɣar daɣen
Acu i tanaramant Anagraw Temzayin Agzul Aseqqamu Temzayt Ahil Useggas Temzayt Aseqqamu Temzayt Irmuden n temzayt Iswiyen n temzayt Tamzayt Ifazen Tamzayt Timunent Tamzayt


text:
Asuɣel: Yassmina El Jouari isefra n Fernando Pessoa zeg udlis n " Le gardeur de troupeaux et les autres poèmes d’Alberto Caeiro avec Poésies d'Alvaro de Campos"
Lxezrat-inu timezdagin amecnaw tanewwact ulili.
Nnumeɣ ggureɣ deg iburad,
Xezzreɣ x ufusi d uẓelmaḍ,
Ula ɣer deffer ca n imuren…
Uca min ẓarreɣ mkul tazmezt
D ijj n ḥajet wer tt-ẓriɣ qbel,
Ssneɣ mamec i das ɣer uceɣ ixef-inu merra xminni i tt-ẓerreɣ.
Uca ttaciɣ s ubelleg-nni
I zi ittaca uḥenjir xminni i d-ixelleq,
Ttaciɣ belli xellqeɣ-d di mkul tazmezt
Deg umaḍal-a ittbeddalen lebda…
Ttamneɣ s umaḍal-a ameknaw mamec i ttamneɣ s tnewwact n ɣedjumrar,
Minzi ttwaliɣ-tt. Maca wer dag-s ttxarrseɣ ca
Minzi axarres wer yelli ca d tigzi…
Amaḍal yella maci ḥuma ad dag-s nxarres
(Ad txarrsed ixes ad yini belli thelked zi tiṭṭawin-nnec)
Amaḍal yella ḥuma ad dag-s nexzer
Uca a t-neksi mamec yella…
Wer ɣer-i ca tafilusuft : maca ɣer-i taycit…
Uca mala ssiwleɣ x tmust, maci
minzi ssneɣ-tt,
Maca minzi ttexseɣ-tt, uca zi minzi tt-ttexseɣ
Wenni ittexsen wer issin ca min ittxes,
Niɣ mayemmi i tt-ittxes, niɣ min ixes ad tini
tayri.
Tayri, d tamesla,
Uca tamesla, d maci d axarres
**
Mala rezzun ad ɣer-i yili ijjen tmistikit
Aqqa-tt ɣer-i.
Nec d amistiki, maca s arrimet-inu waha.
Minzi iman-inu ameẓẓyan, wer ittxarres.
Tamistikit-inu, aqqa-tt ɣer-i minzi wer xseɣ tussna.
Ad iliɣ, bla ad xarrseɣ di tudert.
Nec wer ssineɣ ca min teԑna tamust: maca ttɣennjeɣ-tt.
Ttiԑiceɣ x ijjen tsawent
Deg ijjen uxxam ibeyyeḍ s jjir
D aweḥdani,
Uca d wa i yellan d “nnec”.
**
Ass-a ɣriɣ tnayen n tewriqin
Zeg udlis n ijjen umedyaz d amistiki,
Uca ḍeḥkeɣ ijjen tḍeḥḥakt tegga am imeṭṭawen.
Imedyazen imistikiyen d ifilusufiten
helken,
Ifilusufiten, d irgazen d ibuhaliyen.
Minzi imedyazen imistikiyen qqaren belli tinewwacin ɣer-sent
taycit
Iẓra ɣer-sen iman
Iɣezran ttberraden s tfawt n tziri.
Maca tinewwacin, mala ttuɣa ɣer-sent taycit, wer ttilint ca
d tinewwacin,
Maca d iwdan ;
Uca mli iẓra ɣer-sen iman, ataf tili
Ddren ;
Imli iɣezran ttberraden s tfawt n tziri,
Tili dḥan d argazen helken.
Ixessa ad nettu min ɛnant tinewwacin, d iẓra,
d iɣezran,
Ḥuma ad nessiwel x taycit.
Wenni issawalen x iman n iẓra, d tinewwacin,
D iɣezran,
Issawal x ixef-nnes d uxarres-nnes
iferɣen.
Ad tqada-ac a Rebbi wami iẓra d iẓra waha
Iɣezran d iɣezran waha
Tinewwacin d tinewwacin.
Necc ttariɣ isefra-inu
Uca ferḥeɣ zzay-sen,
Minzi ssneɣ tamust
zi berra ;
Wer tt-ssneɣ ca zi ɣer daxel-nnes
Minzi tamust wer ɣer-s ca adaxel
Niɣ ataf wer telli ca d tamust.
**
« Azul, x-ak ay ameksa,
Yellan x tma n webrid,
Min dac-yeqqar usemmiḍ xminni ittsuḍa ? »
« Yeqqar-ayi belli netta d asemmiḍ, belli ittsuḍ,
Belli issuḍ qbel
Belli ad issuḍ ɛad.
I cekk, min dac-yeqqar ? »
« Yeqqar-ayi ktar zi degg-a s waṭṭas.
Yessawal-ayi x waṭṭas n tmeslayin-nneɣnit,
X min iruḥen, x uẓuyyet,
X tmeslayin-nneɣnit i wer llint ca. »
« Zixenta cekk wer teslid ɛemmers asemmiḍ yessuḍ.
Minzi asemmiḍ wer issiwil ɣir x usemmiḍ.
Min tettslid d axarriq waha,
Uca axarriq aqa-t day-k ɣer daxel.»
**
D uqrir
Mala neẓra tnayen n ticujjura ttawyent, zeg wayawya.
Beddent ict zati i tenneɣnit.
Ɣari, axarres d tira, d tnayen n tmeslayin n tmust, am ukulur n
tnewwact
Ɣir necc wer tteggeɣ ca ca n lxedmet tecna
Minzi wer ɣar-i ca tcuni n takucant
Necc rray-inu yehwen, necc lliɣ mamec i d-ttbaniɣ zi berra.
Necc xezzreɣ uca ttaciɣ.
Am mamec i d-tazzlen waman
zi tsawent
Acewwaf-inu d tamust am tnukkra n
waḍu.
**
Mala beddent tmeslayin, d wenni illan d lmewt.
Mala beddent i neccin
D wenni illan lmewt-nneɣ.
Xmi i ɣa temmet tacejjart-in, tameẓẓyant
Ad teksi akid-s ijj n cwayt zi tudert-inu.
Di marra min xemmeɣ jjiɣ day-s ijj n cwayt zzay-i,
Marra min ẓriɣ, uca iruḥ,
Iruḥ akid-s ijj n cwayt zzay-i.
Leɛqel-inu wer isemfraq ca jer min zriɣ d min ttuɣa lliɣ.
**
Immers-d ukulur amerɣiɣɣed x teynart-inu,
Yeṭṭes ucewwaf n uḥenjer-ni i weḍḍreɣ
Aqemmum-inu wer yeqqim isbeḥ i wsuden,
Mala ttuɣa ɛad tertexsed-ayi, xayellah s tayri-nni,
sbedd zzay-s.
Niɣ ad ayi-teɣdad ag ixf-inu.
**
Ttexseɣ tinewwacin n tebḥirt n Adonis
Wah, a Lidya, ttexseɣ tinewwacin-nni,
iɛeddun s unexḍaf.
Ittmettan deg ijj n was,
Zi minzi ɣer-s tfawt i lebda.
Xelleqent ɣer awerni i ma ad tgeԑɛed tfuct,
Ttmettant qbel ma ad ikemmel Apollo ufuɣ-nnes.
Ejj ad tili tudrrt-nneɣ ula d nettat, d ijj n wass waha,
Ejj-aneɣ ad nettu s neɛmada, A Lidya, belli tudert-nneɣ taquḍaḍt.
Itizzal-as llilet, iḍeffari-tt llilet.
**
Yefsus, yefsus, yefsus aṭṭas,
Ijj usemmiḍ yefsus aṭṭas yeɛdu
uca iruḥ, i lebda yefsus aṭṭas ;
wer sineɣ, necc, min ttxarraseɣ
Wer rezzuɣ ca ad t-ssneɣ.
**
Necc d ameksa.
Tḥimmart, d axarres-inu
Axarres-inu ma, d taycit.
Ttxarseɣ s tiṭṭawin d imejjan
S ifassen d iḍaren
S wenzar d uqemmum.
Axarres di tnewwact, ixes ad yini: ad tt-tẓred, ad tt-tcemmed
ad tecced ijj n lxuḍret, ixes ad yini: ad zzay-s tacid.
Zi minzi deg wass-nni iḥman
Ttaciɣ xeyqeɣ ad aciɣ aṭṭas,
Teẓeɣ x warbiɛ,
Teqqneɣ tiṭṭawin isḥarraqen,
Ttaciɣ belli arrimet-inu marra tezzer x tilawt,
Ssneɣ Tidett uca ferḥeɣ.


text:
Tura‑t: Layla El Mossadeq Ghabbar
Ɛumar Rraḍi ajurnalist amuɣrabi anekruf di Ɛukaca zi 29 yulyuz 2020.
Iḍeffer-it lmexzen x « cckimet i tmura n berra », « aṭṭaf n tenɛacin zi berra maḥend ad yegg « ssḍeɛ » i Lmeɣrib ». d yij n umuntif nneɣnit n « ttkerfis x yij n tḥenjirt ».
Nhar-a, Ɛumar d ameḥbus kter zi 6 n iyyuren di ɛukaca.
Yeqqim diha weḥd-s. Ɛemmers wer yemsiger ag imeḥbas nneɣnit. Netta ɛad ittraja di Ɛukaca melmi lmuḥakama-nnes i yellan ɛad wer tbeddi.
Dinni ca n umḥizwar (Competition) tettegg-it jjihet n Normandie di Franṣa. mkul aseggʷas tticcen ij n uwerdi n tlelli i yijjen zi dduniyt. Awerdi‑ya trebḥ‑it di 2019: Greta Thunberg, tameɣnast zi Sswid. Di 2020, Lujayn Al Hatlul tameɣnast ttuɣa d tankruft di Ssaɛud.
Asseggʷas-a, ttuɣa dinni 251 n yewdan i yellan ttemḥizwaren x uwerdi‑ya. Ksin zzag‑sen 3 n yewdan : Agnès Chow (Tajurnalist zi Hong Kong), Suniṭa Alizadeh (Rappura zi Afɣanistan) d ujurnalist Ɛumar Rraḍi.
Amḥizwar x uwerdi n tlelli ɛad wer ikemmel. Maḥend ad ixḍern wen ɣa yrebḥen, zi 15 mars ar 25 abril ad vuṭan (ṣsawṭen) iḥenjiren d tḥenjirin yellan jer 15 d 25 iseggusa zi mara duniyt.
Mara ɣer‑wem jar 15 d 25 n iseggʷusa, tzemmarem ad voṭam ura d kenniw maḥand ad yeksi Ɛumar Rraḍi Awardi n tlelli, i ɣa‑yxedmen tɣawṣa‑nnes (lqaḍiyya) d tjurnalist d tlelli di tmurt n lmeɣrib.
di min yudsen ataf ad tessnem mani d mamek ttvuṭan.


text:
Yura-tt: Ɛebdelɛaziz ḤANNUN
Zzman, teẓẓi-dd yijjen temɣart aceffay zi tfunast , teccur taqduḥt. Tegga-tt x uzellif teṭṭef abrid ad traḥ ad tezzenz aceffay-nni. Amen teggur txarres » min ɣa ggeɣ i teneacin i dd-ɣa rreɣ zeg uceffay..? Ad sɣeɣ cway n tyaẓiḍin a dayi-dd-aṛunt timellalin, a tent-zzenzeɣ ad sɣeɣ lmelf ( min yeṛṛḍen sḥab agla) ad ggeɣ tiseɣnas isekk°an… Ataf xmi dd-ɣa eedduɣ ɣer ssuq ad zzenzeɣ timellalin, qee iḥudriyen n ddcar a dayi-xsen ad rzun a dd ɣer-i awḍen.
Timeddukal-inu ad asment a dayi-ḥesdent, maca necc lexdenni wer ttsewwiqeɣ i ḥed, wen dayi-ɣa yinin ca, ad hezzeɣ tiɣerḍin-inu ad zelyeɣ aɣembub-inu ammu.. » qee wer tsili awal aked yexf-nnes, tettwala taqduḥt-nni tewḍa-dd tefrikk°es di tmurt, aceffay iseyyeḥ. Wer tufi aceffay di teqduḥt ula d timellalin deg uyennir ula d tiseɣnas x yedmaren…
Zeg-s i dd-yeqqim wawal : « wer ḥesseb tifellusin ( tiyaziḍin) , al ɣa tessdel tyaẓiḍt ad tessefruri. »


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Awal deg yiḍes urid d lehlak ittili ɣer ca n yiwdan i wer itteṭṭsen bu mliḥ. Hi xenni manis i d-ittas manaya mani bab-nnes wer kid-s ittici ? Ma din ca n tebridin i zi nzemmer ad t-nekkes niɣ ad zzag-s nessenqes ?
Aṭṭas n midden wer teṭṭsen bu mliḥ s minzi ittili dag-sen wemnus, lehlak niɣ ca n twalatin ɣir d lweḥlan. Maca yeḍbiben waxxa amenni wer ssinen ca aṭṭas x wawal deg yiḍes. Wer ssinen ula kṭer mayen ittemsaren deg walli-nneɣ xminni nessawal deg yiḍes.
Wen iṭṭsen wer issin ila issawal deg yiḍes, ila mala kid-s ḥedd. Awal-nni izemmer ad yili d ahemhem niɣ d awal wer das-ifehhem ḥedd, ca n merrat ittili s ca n twinest amen tekmel. Din iwdan ttegg°den ad inin ca n wawal tili snuffuren-t. Maca imerzuten ttsuppuzan ila awal n yiḍes ittili x tudert tawussant. Ddegg-a wer ittili ca d aɛeffan x tzemmar n bnadem. D manaya ig inna usit n Microsoftnews.
Awal deg yiḍes iḍehhar-d ɣer iḥenjiren d irgazen kṭer zi temɣarin. Manaya tettirar dag-s tkasit ijjen tilalt d tameqqrant. Minzi mala issawal ḥedd zi lwalidin deg yiḍes, ataf ippudar ad ac-yaqeɛ manaya ula i cek. Aked uɣezids n tkasit, din timeslayin nniḍen ig ittiraren di manaya ameknaw :
- asexdem n ca n isafaren
- Xmi bnadem wer itteṭṭes bu mliḥ
- Timessi
- Xmi ḥedd ittili dag-s wemnus
- Alkul d nnikutin
- lweḥlan d uhtutti ittejjan bnadem ad as-d-yas uhelwes d uhemhem deg yiḍes.
Zeg ijjen uɣezdis nniḍen, inni i di yella insuminiya (inni wer itteṭṭsen s llilet) d yinni igguren amen ṭṭsen zemmren ad ssiwlen deg yiḍes kṭer zeg inni wer di yelli manaya. D manaya i yenna usit Amarikani Healthline.
Min iɛna ugenfi n wawal deg yiḍes ?
awal deg yiḍes wer ɣer-s bu ca n later x tzemmar n bnadem. S uya, maci uɣil ad as-tafed ca n ugenfi. Maca waxxa amenni, ippudar ad tseddɛed (t)acrik(t)-nnem/c mala tessawaled aṭṭas deg yiḍes.
Mala wer texsed ad teṭṭsed deg wexxam weḥḥd-k, xdem s ismalen-a i dak ɣa nini :
Ixess bnadem ad ireyyeḥ mliḥ, ad ibeɛɛed i yimunas. Ixess wer tettxarrsed deg imxumbal qbel ma ad teṭṭsed. S tmeddit ɛawed, wer tett bu ca n macca tedqel x stumaɣu, wer sess bu alkul d ugarru d ukafyyin ɛawed s yiḍ.
Yuga d arryaḍa mala ttegged-ten kul as sac ɛawnen ɣar uzyenfi. Mamec ixess bnadem ad yeṭṭes mliḥ, ɛawed, wer dag-s walu bnadem mala yeḍfar ijjen usistim n macca i yecnin i tezmert n bnadem, macca tili dag-s ibiṭaminen, lmeɛden d tisent n macca i yetticen azyenfi d inirji i arrimet.


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ÇA PEUT T'INTÉRESSER
Mazal Tov ! Moshe Aharon Goldshmid (Israel) est ‘Hatan avec Haya Moushka Hen (Toulouse) Mazal Tov! Bérélé Lubecki est Hatan avec Esther Sebbag (Toulouse) le 10 Hechevan 5780 Mazal Tov! Menahem Mendel Elgrishi (Marseille) est Hatan avec Haya Moushka Amar (Miami) Mazal Tov! Mendel Attal (fils d’Eli, Paris 19) est ‘Hatan avec Dvorah Chalem (Marseille) Mazal Tov! Eytan Maman de Marseille est Hatan avec Léana Mouyal d’Aubervilliers Mazal Tov ! Akiva Lilti (Strasbourg) est ‘Hatan avec Candice Amram (Marseille) Mazal Tov ! Mihael Kachkoch est ‘Hatan avec Perla Taubenblatt (fille du Rav Emmanuel, Chlia’h à Marseille) Mazal Tov ! Othniel Nizard (Yerres) est ‘Hatan avec ‘Haya Mouchka Sudry (fille de Mendy Paris 14), lundi 9 Elloul 5778 Mazal Tov! Israel Netsah Barouk (fils de Rahamim, Yerres) est ‘Hatan avec ‘Haya Mouchka Amram (Monsey, NY) Mazal Tov! Menahem Mendel Abecassis (Paris 12) est Hatan avec Haya Mouchka Attal (fille d’Elie, Paris 19) Mazal Tov! Menahem Mendel Karsenty (Paris 19) est ‘Hatan avec ‘Haya Mouchka Gabay (Paris 16) Mazal Tov! Menahem Mendel Spitzer est ‘Hatan avec ‘Haya Mouchka Abergel, le 23 Tamouz 5780 Mazal Tov! Rephael Baron (Paris) est ‘Hatan avec Haya Mouchka Haddad (fille du Rav Menahem – Bruxelles) le 18 Iyar 5781 Mazal Tov ! Levi Its’hak Marasow (Paris) est ‘Hatan avec Haya Mouchka Grossbaum (New Jersey) le 20 Hechevan 5782 Mazal Tov ! Menahem Mendel Cohen (Versailles) est ‘Hatan avec ‘Haya Mouchka Levy (Paris 20ème)


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Alday unṣib n Tɣerɣert « Taɣamsa
Tella-d tanzayt n wass-a 15 di Furar 2022 di tzeqqa n Ɛisa Mesɛudi deg uxxam n Rradyu taɣelnawt, s lmenddad n Mass Mohamed BOUSLIMANI, Aneɣlaf n Teywalt, Mass Si El Hachemi ASSAD, Amaray Amatu n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa d Mass Mohamed BAGHALI, Anemhal Amatu Rradyu taɣelnawt d leḥdur n Mass Raouf MAMMERI, Anemhal Amatu n Usemmas Agraɣlan n Tɣamsa, tafugla n uciri unṣib n tɣerɣert tumḍint « Taɣamsa / ثاغامسا », yerzan tamawalt ssemrasen ineɣmasen deg taywalt d tɣamsa.
Aneɣlaf n teywalt deg wawal-is ilmend n yfugla-ya ibeggen-d tiɣerɣert-a d allal s wazal-is ara yilin ilmend n yineɣmasen, am akken d-teskanay amahil imezdi ger tsudwin n uwanek ilmend n usnerni n tmagit taɣelnawt deg taywalt di tallit ideg aḥric-a yettidir tignatin ideg tegget umyizwer s tutlayin yemxallafen. Mass Si El Hachemi ASSAD, s yisem-is d Amaray Amatu n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa iwekked-d ɣef wazal tesɛa tɣerɣert-a d-yellan seld amtawa yellan ger Usqamu Akked Termist n Rradyu Taɣelnawt. Amaray Amatu yenna deg wawal-is d akken Adeg-a amaynut ad yili ilmend n kra uneɣmas iran ad yessemres Amawal imezdi ara yesduklen merra tantaliwin n tmaziɣt. Deg tama-s, Anemhal Amatu n Rradyu Taɣelnawt ibeggen-d ɣef tumert-is s useḍru n usenfar-a n tɣerɣert “Taɣamsa” seld kra n wayyuren kan seg-mi bdant tsudwin n Rradyu akked Usqamu deg ahil iɣef mtawan, yenna ad tili d allal ger ifassen n yineɣmasen n rradyuwat n temnaḍin.
I usmekti, tiɣertɣert ad tili d tin yeldin I win yebɣan ad yerzu fell-as ɣef tansa taghamsa.hcamazighite.dz


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Tawzirt yamzgarut n Nyuziland « Jacinda Ardern » tixḍer ijjen webrid wer dag-s yeggur la d ijjen wewzir. Temra-dd i ddunect « leɛjeb » deg umunu ggin aneggar. Temra-dd Chefn lḥukuma d Homo (zzamel). Maca anict n twzirt n barra « Nanaia Mahuta ». Ha iẓewran ha tiggaz.
Nyuziland ttuɣa zi lebda tasedma nnes n lḥukuma d leɛjeb, rextu ternid leɛjayeb: Tamawrit (Maori) Nanaia Mahuta d ttamɣart tamzgarut, ɛawd d ttamzgarut zeg uydud n Maori deg umzruy n Nyuziland ɣa yeṭṭfen tawzirt n barra. Ttuɣat d ttawzirt n tyumi n Maori d usugur n min yudsen.
Mahuta ɣer-s 50 n iseggusa. d netta d ttamɣart tamzwarut deg ubarlaman ɣer yella Moko Kauae – Tiggaz n Maori -. Dag-sen di tiggaz nni min itqnen ɣer teqbilt-nnes.
« Timɣarin n Maori d tinni yellan azgen n Maori wer ɣer-sent ca lḥeqq ad ggent aṭṭas n lexdayem, Lxedmet di lmexzen d ijjen ḥajet temɣer. » tenna Mahuta.


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La texsed ad tesnqed zi seḥḥet-nnec, texsed ad tegged arryaḍa, texsed ad tecced ca n macca tneffeɛ niɣ trezzud ad tenḍared ddexxan?. Marra imezran-a wer nzemmer ad ɣer-sen naweḍ ɣir mala nekkes ca n leɛwayed d tiɛeffanin nettegg-itent. Wer daneɣ-ttejjin ca ad tent-negg. Waxxa tili neccin nxes zeɛma ad yili ubeddel di tudert-nneɣ.
Mala trezzud ad tekksed leɛwayed-nnec/m tiɛeffanin manaya axmi ttɛawaded tettprugramid adji ḥuma ad txelqed leɛwayed-nniḍen d tisebḥanin ad d-asent aked min trezzud cek i yexf-nnec.
Mala texsed ad tebbdeld ixef-nnec, ɣer-k ijjen leɛdu waha : d ccek s ixef-nnec. Nnefs-nnec d nettat i cek ɣa yerẓen, ad ac-teqḍeɛ layas di min texsed ad tegged. S uya ixess ulabudda ad tɛawded aprugrami i nnefs-nnec d wadji-nnec qbel ma a nemmutti ɣer usurif nniḍen xmi ɣa texsed ad tawḍed ɣer min texsed.
Maḥend ad tegged manaya, din tlata n isuraf :
Amezwaru : Ad tfaqqed. Wah, ixess-ac ad teqqimed lebda tfaqqed aked ixef-nnec. Ad teḥḍid timegga-nnec, xenni ad teqqimed tettmseqsid : « min tteggeɣ nec ?, Mayemmi tteggeɣ ammu ? » Manaya d ac-iwwec ijjen tmuɣri d tmiriwet x umsurruf-nnec.
Wis tnayen : Ma manaya yecna niɣ wer yeḥḥli ? Awerni xmi ɣa neḥḍa ixef-nneɣ, ixess-aɣ a nessen ma min nettegg d asebḥan niɣ d aɛeffan ? Ma amsurruf-nneɣ i nettegg lexxu ad aneɣ-iɛawen a naweḍ ɣer mayen nxes ma lla?.
Wis tlata : Ḍfer leɛwayed nniḍen : Ass i di ɣa nsettef mamec ggint leɛwayed-nneɣ, ixess-aneɣ ad nsaqar leɛwayed nniḍen maḥend a nrebba nnefs-nneɣ, tameslayt-a tanita tettetter cwayt n jjehd. Focus Ijjen usit d aliman iqqar wer dag-s walu mala nura ca n tira qqnent ɣer umsurruf-nneɣ amaynu. Mala nxes a nesbedd a necc ca n macca wer daneɣ-tneffeɛ, wer dag-s walu mala turid ijjen tewriqt x nnibira ad aneɣ-tesfekker ila neccin ixess wer nettet bu macca-nni.
Asit aliman Focus yeqqar belli arrutin d wenni i daneɣ-ittejjan a nefcel, arrutin qqarent xminni nḍeffer tabridt d icten di tudert d lxedmet. Aya ittejja adji-nneɣ wer ittekritiki ca tabridt-nneɣ i zi nettemsurruf. Minzi nettmsurruf alaḥsab ɛada, s uya mala nbeddel anaw (type) n tudert-nneɣ, aya ad yejj adji ḥuma ad ismqudda tudert-nneɣ mamec i tt-ttuɣa aked mamec tedwel.
Waxxa abeddel n ɛada taɛeffant itteḥwaja cwayt n lweqt d tazemmar. Maca ad ɣer-s tawḍed. Alaḥsab tasdawit n « University College London » aya izemmer ad yaweḍ ar settin n wussan ḥuma ad tegged ijjen arrutin d amaynu. S uya jj-icek zi qil uqal mala txesed ad tenḍared ddexxan, ad tsneqsed zi seḥḥet-nnec niɣ ad tegged ca n arrijim, ɛewwel x-as, ad tewḍed ad tawḍed.


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D ijjen usurif d asebḥan i yegga umari Arifi-Ahulandi Asis Aynan, umi ttuɣa yessek deg ijjen lweqt i yeɛdun i tɣiwant n Wamesterdam maḥend ad semman ijjen tluggut d tameẓẓyant s yisem n umari Arifi Muḥemmed Caca (1955-2016), zi senni taɣiwant n Wamesterdam terr-dd x-as wami ggin isem n Caca i tluggut-a di tendint mani isseɛda Caca azgen ameqqran n tudert-nnes.
Ismawen n izubaq d leqnaḍer deg Wamesterdam, merra ɛemmren, s uyenni wer qqiment ḥa tiluggutin-a timeẓẓyanin i ɛebbrent tɣezratin n waman zi teccuren tendint-a Tahulandiyt, d manaya i yejjin isem n Caca yugel ɣer icten zi tluggtin-a.
Yura Asis Aynan x lḥiḍ-nnes di facebook; d netta ifesser-dd fuṭu n tluggut « Chacha ttuɣa-t kunṭra i mamec mma tegga ca n tedyulujit, tadiktaturit d inni i das-irebbun txincit, ɛawed, argaz-a ila yella d ijjen bnadem d axsim ».
Shashnaq Shishunk, yegga ijjen waxefawal x manaya mani inna x lḥiḍ n Asis Aynan di Facebook manaya « D ijjen ḥajet d tasebḥant, am ddegg-a n tmeslayin timeẓẓyanin i yettjjan amaḍal-a yecna […] ».
Fuṭu-ya n tluggut, ibbeɣbeɣ di traccwin tnamunin, merra ttperṭajan tteswirt-a, mani ca zzag-sen sḥissifen wami ibilajen d tneddam n Arrif wer wwiḍen ad ggen imḍebbaren-nnes ismawen n imariten n Arrif x izubaq-nnsen, waxxa ttuɣa din timesmunin sekkent ɣer tɣiwanin maḥend ad semman ismawen n imariten Irifiyen deg izubaq d izuray maca ɣer iḍehcuren i ɣa-ssawalen.


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Kateb yasin, deg yijjen lweqt, tuɣa-t zeg imariten yudrusen di Tmazɣa i yerrin taynit i iẓuran-nnes n Tmaziɣt. Weḥḥed-s tuɣa yeccaten aqerṭas x Tmaziɣt. Mayen yeẓẓu Kateb Yasin, idwel ass-a d iger iccur s benneɛman.
Nura Γeryani, d Tatunist, waxxa tlul-d d nettat wer tessiwil Tmaziɣt maca zegg terzu deg umezruy n Tunes tufa ixef-nnes belli d Tmaziɣt. Zi senni tebda tettegg tizemmar-nnes maḥend ad tekkes taeejjajt x Tmaziɣt-nnes.
Deg wass n 05 zi yulyuz, tessufeɣ-d ijjen uɣennej qqaren-as « takrust ». Aɣennij-a tegga-as abidyuklip, yiwweḍ ɣer ca n sebɛalaf n midden i t-yeẓrin.
Kateb yasin, deg yijjen lweqt, tuɣa-t zeg imariten yudrusen di Tmazɣa i yerrin taynit i iẓuran-nnes n Tmaziɣt. Weḥḥed-s tuɣa yeccaten aqerṭas x Tmaziɣt. Mayen yeẓẓu Kateb Yasin, idwel ass-a d iger iccur s benneɛman.


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Si Wikipedia, tasanayt tilellit.
The Godfather d asaru amarikani n tejrimt, yeffeɣ-d deg 1972, yessufeɣ-it-id Francis Ford Coppola i yuran asinaryu akked Mario Puzo, yebna ɣef wungal sɣur Puzo "The Godfather" i d-yeffɣen deg 1969. Asaru-agi ttekkan deg-s yisegbaren am Marlon Brando, Al Pacino, James Caan, Richard Castellano, Robert Duvall, Sterling Hayden, John Marley, Richard Conte, akked Diane Keaton. Tidyanin n teqṣiḍt-agi ḍrant-d di twala seg 1945 ɣer 1955, taqṣiḍt-agi tḥekku ɣef twacult n Corleone i yḍefren Vito Corleone (Brando).


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Azemz n 25 di yunyu d win isseqvaren. D win itetten di tsiswa n wid iceffun, n wid ur ntettu. Acku ismektay aY-d d yir ass assmi iYli yiwen gar yizmawen nneY. Assmi iYli Lwennas illan iteqqed aY tisiswa nneY s wawal-is n yiseY. Illa ihi unuYni mi ara d-yaweḍ wassa. Maca issefk dagi a nessemgired gar inuYniyen nneY. Macci d aYiḍi kan iY iYaḍ am akken iY ttYiḍint tyayatin nneY mi ara tent id-nemmekti. Ala macci kif kif. AnuYni nneY assa ikkad si tikin nuki d yilem d-ijja Lwennas. Ilem d-ijja iqqim kan akken d ilem. Yiwen ur t iccur acku macci d ayen fessusen ad iṭṭef umdan amkan am win Lwennas di tmetti taqvaylit.
Taluft nniḍen isenḥafen diYen ugar d tin n 19 di yunyu ass mi iYli Umeẓyan At Sâid mmi-s n Ferḥat, aselway unaYaḍ. Ar assa yiwen ur « iẓri » win t inYan. Yiwen ur ittaḥves yiwen ur tticuraâ. Limer ur d-ḍri ara yelli as iniY d awezYi ad t teḍru temsalt am ta di tmurt n Fransa. Maca teḍra-d.
Ihi ass n 19 ismektay aY-d d akken ur neswi ara aṭas zdat wallen Iṛumyen imi imenYi Umeẓyan d taluft tasertant. Yerna neẓra ak ansi iY d-kka tyita. Ayen ara ṛzen iqerray nsen Iṛumyen imi ur nezmir i wacemma? Ayen ara gen kra syin ad d-msukkasen nutni d imeddukal nsen udavu n Llezzayer?
A nernu ssmana kan a nruḥ a neḥlu ad d-yaweḍ wass n 25 aY ismenḍef diYen. AY id ismekti daYen d akken ur nezmir i wacemma imi ula d imenYi n Lwennas d taluft tasertant. Dacu kan tikkelt agi deg uxxam akya i nettwaḥqer. Ihi ama dihin ama da, wid ur nesâi lhiva ad ttewwten ad ttwanYan war ceḥḥa d ukukru.
Tilufa yagi imenYi deg neY, neY gar aneY macci d tamaynutt. D taqvurt imi tella-d yagi macci d tikkelt: Messili, dda Lmu, Krim Belqasem. Tigi ak zzrint di tYanimt srid. Ta ar tatut ta ar usmekti di imeṭṭi.
Ismektiyen lhan imi reglen avrid i tatut. Tijmilin lhant akken yiwen ur inekker ayen uqmen d wayen i Yef Ylin yergazen nneY maca simmal nedder ddaw uḍar umaḥrus aârav ineslem iswi amenzu ismektiyen nneY d tiririt gar wallen nneY d adken mazal aY ddaw uḍar d laânaya n Waâraven i nella assa. Aḥlil aḥlil!


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Yura-t: Muḥemmed Caca, s weedal n uselmad Muneim Azegza
Asturjem : Andic
ⵄⴱⴻⵙⵕⴰⵎ ⴰⵛⵁⴱⴰⵔ – ⵎⵓⵃⴻⵏⴷ ⴰ ⴱⴰⴱⴰ Abdeslam achahbar – Mohand a baba / ⵉ ⵄⴰⵡⴷⴰⵙ ⴼⵔⴻⴻⵣⵔⵉ Freezri covers. Tala/YTB
Ilul Ԑbdesslam Acehbar deg useggas n 1969, d ijjen artista ɣer-s min ɣa yini, maca lmewt ixeḍef-it jar ifassen-nneɣ di lwesṭ n lebḥer. D netta iggur ɣer “jennet Tandalusit” iqellee zeg ijjen weftas zi Tiṭṭawin, di llilet-nni tamcumt (04 May 1994). Agellin ila yella deg ijjen lantca akid-s 24 id-sen. Immut uzgen ameqqran-nnsen, nejmen-d zzag-s ɣir rebea waha.
Qbel ma ad ifekker ad innereq Ԑbdesslam Acehbar igg°ed zzman ad ittu isem-nnes. Iraḥ izemmem ijjen sinta dag-s azgen ameqqran n min iɣennej netta, umi ila iedel iwalen, llɣa. Iɣennijen-nni nnes n usitem d layas, iɣennijen x teycatin n das-igezzmen wul, mamec ittalleɣ di tilit n bnadem d mani yeggur. Di merra manaya, isnuffer ijjen tmijja tesɣuyyu x lḥal i di ittedder wegdud. Lḥal i yejjin ijjen uḥudri ɣer-s min ɣa yini, d miɣis, yallah mamec irẓem tiṭṭawin x tudert, ad iqemmer s tudert-nnes, d netta ig iɣennjen d tiṭṭawin-nnes x ugeddim nneḍḍen.
Mala walu tudert ataf din laxert
S ijjen tebridt d tamezdagt, wer dag-s la ddenf la walu, bla ma ad isug x Imaziɣen, wer ten-izzim, wer dasen-yenni belli manaya aqqa-t ittwadenna x yiri-nnsen, ixes ad issiweḍ ijjen tebrat belli netta/neccin ɣer-s tasɣart ad y/niri. Ittic asitem i wi illan-nnes ḥuma ad yili d ixef-ines, bla ma ad imsizzel niɣ ad isaqar ci n wemxumbel d neccin wer t-neḥwij.
Wer tteqniḍ ci
Bla ma ad yeksi ca n lxezrat urid d tenni x yimal, wi issnen min ɣa imsaren tiwecca? Isebber ixef-nnes, wer din mana ḥsen zi manaya, Ssber ikessi ijjen lxezrat nneḍni. Zeg umezwaru ibedd deg wudem n leqneḍ. Wul-nnes inneenee s usitem, ijjen usitem issfaw abrid d lfall n lxir.
Zzuɣar tsilit
Nnufsel zeg iceddan, nhezz, wer weṭṭa ɣer tmurt, qa netta “walu” ɣer-s aṭṭas n wudmawen, ittreddaj tudert n bnadem la zi ɣa daxel la zi berra. Aɣimi wer dag-s bu nnfee, ittaẓa ittawi-d amelli.
Ugur zzat-sen s ueeffar
Ugur s ueeffar zzat-sen, inni i ɣer-k d-ixezzen s uzgen n tiṭṭ, wer ten-tejja ad zzag-k ɣeḍlen ḥuma ad day-k ggen iceddan, Ttexsen ac-nɣen amen teddared, ac-seffan mala ufin x-ak abrid.
Ini-asen i midden
Ini-asen i yenneḍni, inni issanafen, snemilen ttun-aneɣ, la xsen la wer xsen, s ca n tebridt niɣ tenneɣni, inni i yexsen ad aneɣ-nḍaren, ixess ad ssnen belli :
Necnin nxes a nili
Neccin nella, nxes a nili, bla “anugisiyar”, maḥend ɣer-neɣ lḥeqq a nili, mux ma tegga tilit-a d mux mma xsen-as ad “tili”. Mux mma yegga lḥal s minzi mma, Wer nxes bu ad aneɣ sefḍen ijjen ijjen, niɣ s kulci. S ijjen wawal d aquḍaḍ, neccin nettxes tudert, nettxes tamurt-nneɣ, wer nzemmer ad nedder bla tanettit-nneɣ.
Kkiɣ x yemrabḍen
Kkiɣ x yemrabḍen, ibedden aked bnadem, aked tmurt, ḥeṭṭan-aneɣ zi mkul tueeffna, Ssnen min g-s di tmurt-a d min illan x tmurt-a.
Sseqsan-ayi x uraji
Da nettaf zzat-neɣ ijjen lfihem nneḍni, neccin min nessen ila, d yinni ig ittraḥen ɣer wemrabeḍ, d inni ig ittseqsan, ttzawagen, maca Ԑbdesslam iqqar-aneɣ-t s mamec nneɣni, Imrabḍen d nitni ig ittseqsan rezzun x temrarut, ttseqsan x uraji, Imrabḍen-a yuẓa ɣer-sen asqar n Imaziɣen, ttrajan ad ggen ca, ad nhezzen.
Mayemmi Imaziɣen?
Ma ssemquddan-aneɣ aked inneɣni ? Niɣ ttezzmen-aneɣ ? niɣ tteggen-t s tnayen.
Wer nettili wer nhekk°i
Da, izemmer ad yili d azlawi yessiwlen s yisem-nneɣ merra, ula d netta wer yekkis x yiri-nnes manaya, wer dji ittzzem inneḍni waha, ula d Imrabḍen nitni ttseqsan, neemen ila ttuɣa ttun tamelsayt-a. Anebheḍ-a d useqsi-ya ssarawen-d iseqsan nniḍen wer ttsilin: mayemmi nettraja? Ma manaya iqqen ɣer-neɣ necnin niɣ iqqen ɣer lberrani?
Tili izwar ɣeḍlen-aneɣ ifadden? Wer nettwili min din zzat-neɣ?
Necnin Imaziɣen
Neccin d tarwa n tmurt-a d iẓuran-nnes.
Ԑad uka a nili
Rajat, nnehla ma temsizzlem, cḥal ma nekka yeggur a nili, la xsen la kerhen, s uɣil x mkul udiktatur, ad nẓer man wen ɣa iḍeḥken d ameggaru.
A needel tibeddiwin
A nsegged abeddi, a nemmuqqel mliḥ, ad negg ijjen lxezrat n lxedmet d upanu, zi senni ad nẓer min ɣa negg surif s usurif
Wer nettqelliq gi tekli
Bla aqelleq, izemmer aqelleq ad yawi ɣer ca n webrid iqqen, izemmer a x-aneɣ iffeɣ, izemmer eawed ad aneɣ-yeɣḍel ifadden
Mala ḍḍuqqzen wajjajen
Anẓar ad yewwet x lɣaci
X ufellaḥ d ubeḥri
Ad ceḍḥen di ddmani
Xmi i d ɣa tas lweqt, timeslayin ad nqelbent, lefraḥet ad teccur ulawen n midden, ad ceḍḥen ifellaḥen d ibeḥriyen, tudert ad tlellec
Ad yecḍeḥ Benneeman
D taɣennant i ulili
Benneeman d neccin/tanettit, alili d yenniḍen/adiktatur
Ad nari awal-nneɣ
Ad d-nerr amezwaru-nni
Ataf ad nari iles-nneɣ, xenni ad dewlen waman ɣer tarya-nnsen.


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text:
Timsuṭad
Timsuṭaṭ (Assaɣ ussnan: Mammalia) d Adu-wadur i d-ikkan seg wadur n tnaɣlalim, Adu-wadur-a iga d angazsartu n iɣersiwen inefrawen igensuzɣalen.
Deg useggas n 2006 ttwasnen-d azal n 5702 n telmas n temsiffatin, Ttwasgerwent deg: 1229 n tewsitin, 153 n twaculin d 29 n tfesna, Deg useggas n 2008 tessemdu (tkemmel) tuddsa n Tiddukla tagreɣlant i waray n tgama (IUCN) 17000 n tecrawin tusnatin n temseffatin n umadal n umuɣ-is azeggaɣ yessawṭen ar 5488 n telmas.
Timesiffatin yakk tarrwent s tarrawt anagar Tiynakkayin tismusin (tid yettarwen s tmellalin), Azal ameqran n temsiffatin tisdisin n tfesna (6 n tfesna) ṭṭafarent tagrawt n tinefra d tid:
- Timseɣẓaẓ: (iɣerdayen, arruyen, imekdaden, ilfan n waman
- Tizeɣnennayin: (Azeɣnennay... )
- Timenteẓẓatin: (Amenteẓẓa, Aɣezkal ...)
Krad (3) n tfesna timeqranin yettwasxedmen deg Tasartut n tesnudert:
- Tigejdanin: Dɣa d tayyi i yeṭṭafar uwsit afgan
- Tisenfednin
- Timseksumin: (imcac, izmawen, iɣilasen, idemriyen, ursuten ...)


text:
Le mariage chez les convertis chrétiens en Kabylie : Le cas de la Wilaya de Tizi-Ouzou
Date2016
Author
HIMOUM, Fayrouz
HANNACHI, Mounia
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
Chez les convertis Kabyle chrétiens, le mariage est une institution qui permet l’union de deux personnes et de deux familles. Sur le plan juridique, seul le mariage civil à une valeur légale. Le mariage religieux constitue une étape très élaboré car c’est un signe sacré institué par Dieu et Jésus-Christ pour qu’il soit reçu comme une opération efficace. Le mariage chrétien s’appuie sur « quatre piliers » considérés comme des éléments garantissant la validité du sacrement. Aussi, lors de leur engagement, chacun des fiancés doit-il être pleinement libre pour s’engager à la fidélité à l’indissolubilité et à la fécondité. Mais, le mariage traditionnel encore appelé mariage coutumier reste une étape importante durant laquelle se déroule la cérémonie de la dot. Cette étude traite de la manière dont les convertis Kabyle chrétiens se représentent le couple et le mariage. Nos champs d’investigation portent sur l’évolution socioculturelle de cette institution. Notre problématique qui se décline en plusieurs questions à pour principal objectif de décrire le modèle du couple et le type de mariage aux quels aspirent ces jeunes. Le travail de terrain, nous a permis d’établir une typologie de conduites et des discours recueillis. Les principaux thèmes abordés sont : la monogamie, le choix du partenaire, les rencontres et la formation du couple. Ce travail permet donc une approche des rapports de couple et du mariage dans une société Kabyle en plein évolution, il livre un discours partagé entre tradition et modernité. Degunadi-agi nne$ neârev ad neglem, ad nernu taslevt itma$ra n zwao $er leqbayel imasiêiyen n Tizi Wezzu s wudem n tussna n wumdan. Zwao d tasudut1 gar sin n yimadanen akked snat n twaculin. Swudem n lqanun, êala zwao a$arim2 iyesâan azal di tmetti. Zwao swudem n tdiyanit tamasiêit d tigejdit acku dazamul u$ris3 iweûûa-d Rebbi d Lyassuâ iwakken ad tesâu azal tdukli-nsen. Zwao $er yiqbayliyen imasiêiyen yebna $ef ukkuz n tgejda I ara yeooen tadukli d lemâahda ad tdum. Acku tadukli-agi, ilaq ad tili s leb$i nyal yiwen seg-sen maçi dalbaâv ara yeîîfen leqsed deg umkan-nsen yerna ad tettubbarrek s Rebbi d Lyasuâ. Deg tezrawt-agi, nufa-d belli ansayen n tme$ra n zwao n leqbayel imasiêiyen mazal ttidiren $as akken zwao-agi yern-d kra n yiferdisen atraren $er usfugel-is. Leqdic-aginne$ yebva $efsemmus n yiêricen: Aêric amenzu:Deg uêric-agi, nessken-d tarrayt inesemres deg leqdic-agi d wamek nessawev ad nawi isalen yerzan asentel-agi. Ahricwis sin: Neârev deg uêric-agi, ad nefk udem d tuddert n yisestanen4ama d yinebdad5 n tmezgida6ama d wid izewooen. Di tazwara, nerra lwelha $ef umazray7ntmezgida n“tafat”d tt-in“plein évangile” i yellan di temdint nTiziWezzu. Aêric wis krav: Deg uêric-agi, nefka- d azal iyecrekken tameîîut d urgaz d wamek ara tbennu twacult tamasiêit seg wass amenzu n temlilit alama d lexvubga. Aêric wis ukkuz: Deg uêric-agi, nesegza-d di tazwara zwao a$armi id-yettilin deg t$iwant s tilin n snat n twaculin ilmed n tnaga8. Syen akin, neârev adneglem tame$ra n zzwao di tmezgida seg umecwar $er wayev. Aêric wis semmus: Aêric-agi d tasledt d uglam n yisekkiren9 n tme$ra n zwao di twacult tamasiêit. Yal tamnadt tesâa isekkiren ip-yaânan. Assa$ed n unadi-agi, d asumen10 n yiwet n tilawt iyellan di tmetti melmukan. S umata d leqdic iyerran lwelha iyisekkiren iyeîîafaren tame$ra n zwao $er leqbayel imasiêiyen.