text:
Wp/shi/Miksik
Miksik nɣ Lmiksik (s tsbnyulit: México), ism amddud igat Iwunak munnin n Miksikanus (s taṣbnyulit Estados Unidos Mexicanos ) tga yat tagdudant tafidiralitn tamirikanit, tili ɣ iffus n Iwankn Munnin n Marikan. Tg yat tmazirt lli mmu iggut urky ns s takat n 120 mlyun n umzdaɣ. Tamazunt ns igat tamdint n Miksiku.
Tga tamazirt n Miksik talli kullu ɣ ggutn midn lli isawaln tasblyunit niɣ isblyunawal. Tg Tis kraḍt immqqurn ɣ urky ns d tis snat ɣ tuggut n takat ns ɣ kullu marikan talatinit. ɣ usggas n 2009 tga tadamsa ns tisnat ɣ timurranin n tadamsa n umaḍlan s yan PIB n 1482 n mlyar n Dular amirikani (USD)
Immussutn n takatin n ifgan
Iwalakn ifidiraliyn
Illa 31 n awalak ɣ Lmiksik ismunt yat tanbaṭ tafidiralit:
- 01 Aguascalientes
- 02 Basse-Californie
- 03 Basse-Californie-du-Sud
- 04 Campeche
- 05 Chiapas
- 06 Chihuahua
- 07 Coahuila
- 08 Colima
- 09 Durango
- 10 Guanajuato
- 11 Guerrero
- 12 Hidalgo
- 13 Jalisco
- 14 Mexico
- 15 Michoacán
- 16 Morelos
- 17 Nayarit
- 18 Nuevo León
- 19 Oaxaca
- 20 Puebla
- 21 Awalak n Arteaga
- 22 Quintana Roo
- 23 San Luis Potosí
- 24 Sinaloa
- 25 Sonora
- 26 Tabasco
- 27 Tamaulipas
- 28 Tlaxcala
- 29 Veracruz
- 30 Yucatán
- 31 Zacatecas
- + Distrito Federal


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text:
Mbaɛd kter n useggas segimi ḥebbsen warmuden idelsanen deg tmurt, tbareḥ-d Tenmehla n yidles s tuɣalin n wahilen ɣer leqdic. Mačči kan d ahilen i yuɣalen maca ula d tizeɣwa n usileɣ (formation) ama deg Uxxam n yidles, di CLS neɣ deg Uxxam n umezgun Kateb Yacine. Akka dɣai turar terbaɛt Macahu n Iferḥunen, ass-nni sebt, deg uxxam n umegzun Kateb Yacine, yiwet n tceqquft : « Sin nni » , i d-yettwakksen seg uḍris « Les Emigrés » n umyaru Slawomir Mrozek , i d-yerra Muḥya ɣer teqbaylit. Tettmeslay-d tceqquf ɣef sin n yiɣriben i yettidiren di tmanaɣt n tmurt n Fransa, deg yiwet n texxamt. Yiwen seg-sen yeɣra, yurar-it Yalali Mohand Ouidir, ma yella d wayeḍ, ixeddem akken ad yejmaɛ idrimen swayes ara yuɣal d amesbaɣur mi ara yuɣal ɣer tmurt-is. Udem-agi, yurar-it-id Rahmouni Ouzien .
D aseggas amaynut, sin-nni n yimeddukkal, qqimen deg texxamt-nsen, smeḥsisen i lǧiran-nsen amek i sfuggulen aseggas amaynut : yal yiwen seg-sen yekkat wayeḍ s yimeslayen, mxalafit deg uswir imi yiwen yeɣra yettnadi, ma yella d wayeḍ-nni ur yessin acemmek. Yessaweḍ-it lḥal armi i d-yuɣ lmakla n yeqjan, yenwa-tt d tagella n yimdanen . Sin n yiwudam, uraren-d taceqquft akken ilaq. Taqbaylit swayes tuzzel tceqquft, tecbeḥ dayen kan., Akken daɣen i ssxedmen di tceqquft taɣuct n Sliman Ɛazem : « A madame encore à boire » i wakken ad segzin liḥala i ttidiren imir-n . Tazeqqa n umezgun, tečču s yimfarǧen, inaẓur d wid iferḥen imi i d-uɣalen yirmuden idelsanen .
Yamani Souhila

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


text:
Tirni (tirniyin), front (politique) (fr) - front (en) - frente (político) (es) - جبهة، سياسية
Addad amaruz: terni (terniyin).
Ẓer daɣ: amernu, amernuyan, annerni, arnaẓri, asmernay, asmernu, asnerni, nnerni, rnu, smernu, snerni, tarennawt, tarnaẓri, timerniwt, ttwasmernu, ttwasnerni, ttwernu.
Tasniremt:
Tirni tagdudant - front républicain - frente republicano - جبهة جمهورية
Tirni tamegdayt - front démocratique - frente democrático - جبهة ديمقراطية
Tirni tasertant - front politique (fr) - political front (en) - frente político (es) - جبهة سياسية
Aql-iken deg - Vous êtes dans - Ustedes están en - أنتم في
Amawal n Tmaziɣt - Dictionnaire Amazigh - Français - Diccionario Amazigh - Español - قاموس أمازيغي - عربي
(c) Omar Mouffok - Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen.


text: )Tamurt n Tsednan d tanfust d tameqqrant tettutlay ɣef sḍis (setta n yesti-s n Wawras. Zana, Zwina w ad rnint Tafsut, Yelli, Tadla d ,Ɛeljiya. D tisednan n Wawras iddren tameddurt di-s taziḍi d terẓeggi ,bhant labas, gedrent yerni ɣer-sent yeǧ n yiswi. Ulint hwant ,ilint zhant, ddrent di leɣben, mbeṣṣeḥ dima ttbeddant ɣef legder ggurent dima ɣer zdat, ixef deg ujenna. Ddrent deg yidurar n Wawras-nsent, mani iḍunt w ad ɛawdent ad beddent, ulac ɣer-sent tiwdi. Beddent deg wudem n yirumiyen. D teyyay ticawiyin timeqqranin i yellan ɣer-sent azal, llant tteddrent deg yidurar n Naret, Tagust d Mɛafa. Ulac am nehenti di ad ilent w ad sefḍent imeṭṭawen-nsent. D nehenti i yezṭin tanfust-nsent s .yifassen-nsent .D teyyay tisednan ticawiyin am-ay i llant tteddrent si llant Nasira Bellula turi 15 n ungalen, tullizin, tirmitin d yisefra. Texdem di labas n yiɣmisen iɣelnawen, truḥ Montréal mani tella txeddem id n umaṭṭaf n Kanada (Radio-Canada). Luqqa tqerra amezruy di tesdawit n .Montréal


text:
Agadir
- Iɣ ur igi wad amgrad lli tsiggilt, kcm s tasna n Agadir bac ad tẓrt akkʷ imgradn nna dar illa yism zun d wad !
Agadir tga yat tiɣrmt imqqurn illan ɣ iffus n Lmɣrib ɣ tasga n Sus. Tlla tiɣrmt ad ɣ 508 km ɣ unẓul n Tigmmi tumlilt, d 173 km i Taṣṣurt, d 235 km i Mrrakc.
Uggar n 421 844 n mddn zdɣn ɣ Ugadir , d uggar n 600 599 n mddn zdɣn ɣ Agadir-Idawtanan. Kṛaḍ n tutlayin ad sawaln imzdaɣn n Ugadir : Taclḥit, Taɛṛabt tamrrukiyt ( Darija ), Tafrasist.
Ar nttini i imzdaɣn n Ugadir " Agadiriyin " s tɛrabt , d " Ait Ugadir " s tamaziɣt .
Aẓur n yism[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Agadir iga yan wassaɣ amaziɣ ammak nns igat iɣrm akcraraḍ nɣ tazqqa n ujmu d imndi ... , d llan tugtt n wassaɣn aḍnin i tɣrmtt n ugadir zzɣ tasut tiss smmust d mraw , gisn mad igan win imzdaɣ zun d "agadir n iɣir" , "agadir n lɛṛba" , "lɛin n lɛṛba" , "tigmmi n lɛin n lɛṛba" , "tigmmi n uṛumi" . d llan wassaɣn lli yas gan imdduryn slawan t akk ibrdqqizn zun d : Santa cruz de Ague Santa Cruz du cap do ... . d llan wassaɣn aḍnin lli ittyafan ɣ tikrṭa d tnfulin tiqqburin . d rad lkmn wassaɣn ad mann yaẓn i 20 , macc tugtt nnsn ur sul ttyssann . ɣilad ur sul ɣaman amr sin ɣ wassaɣn ad gantn "agadir" d yan wassaɣ aḍnin art ttinin i yan ɣ iḍuṛan n tɣrmt igat "funti" .
Amzruy[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Anaɣiz[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Amzruy n tmdint n Ugadir iga agnaw dat tasut tis 12, ur illi ma tt ibdrn ula ma fllas isawn dat usakud ad.
Ɣ tasut tis-snat dat tlallit n lmasiḥ, ibdr buwmzruy Polybe ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n tfriqt, ɣ ugaraw anaṭlas, yan cap Rhysaddir, lli iẓḍar ad yili ɣ kra n udɣar ur bahra yaggugn f Ugadir, idis nns ckkan sul gis id buwmzruy.
Tamnagit takaṛḍugrafit lli akkʷ iqburn nna ɣ nttafa Agadir d nna ɣ-d tbayyn tga tt ɣ yat takaṛḍa n 1325 : ɣ udɣar ɣ nnawaḥi nna ɣ tlla tamdint ɣilad, gis uskan n yan umkan ila yism n Porto Mesegina, id ikkan yism n taqbilt tamaziɣt ittuybdarn yad ɣ tasut tis-12, taqbilt n Msgina, ad tt igan d Ksima.[1]
Ɣ tigira n tizi n uzmz anammas, Agadir tga yan iɣrm idrus as waddur ; ism ad nit, Agadir el-arba, ittyafa ɣ tiklit izwarn ɣ 1510.[2]
Azmz Abrtqqizi[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ɣ 1505, Ibrtqqizin kcmn yad ɣ-akud-ann d taɣarin timɣribiyin, ṣkun ukan aṣddar d tiɣrmt nnsn ɣ uḍar n yat twrirt nɣ tadawt mnid n yill, Santa Cruz do Cabo de Aguer (Tagʷrramt taẓggʷa n Cap Ɣir), ɣ udɣar n tuddurt ɣilad laḥt n Funti (ila yism ad lli d ikkan tguri n fonte iṭṭafn anamk n aɣbalu).
Dɣya, sliɣ d umẓn ibrtqqizn zzkiṛ d tqbilin n tmnaḍt uqɛan gra-tsn tmukrisin. Zɣ 1530, blukin ɣinna ibrtqqizn ɣ Santa Cruz. Ibda lmadd abrtqqizi lliɣ d iɣʷi ugllid asaɛdi Muḥammad Ccayx ass n 12 mars 1541 iɣrm n Santa Cruz de Aguer. Ṣḍiṣ tmaḍ n willi ur mmutnin zɣ ibrtqqizn srsn tn ɣ biggurdan, gisn ula anbbaḍ Guterre de Monroy d yillis Dona Mecia. Ur asn ṛẓmn aylliɣ tn sɣan kra n igʷrramn lli d yuckan zɣ Brtqqiz xississan bac ad tn sdrfin. Dona Mecia, lli y'as immut urgaz ɣ ammas n imnɣi, tahl Muḥammad Ccayx macc tmutt lliɣ tra ad taru ɣ 1544. Ɣ usggʷas ad nit, iṛẓm Muḥammad Ccayx i unbbaḍ Guterre de Monroy, aɣuln-d gan imddukkal.[3]
Timrsi n ibrtqqizn ɣ Lmɣrib umɛin gr 1505 d 1520, rad naqṣn. Ḍaṛt mzliwt n Agadir, iqqan f Ibrtqqizn ad fln Asfi d Azmmur. Lmɣrib imik s imik ur sul ihmmi ibrtqqizn lli d iḍwwrn s dar Lhnd d Lbrizil. Ḍaṛt 1550, ur umẓn ibtrqqizn ɣ Lmɣrib abla Mazagan (ad t igan d Jdida), Ṭanja d Sbta.
Ankar Amzwaru[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tasutin tis 18 d tis 19[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Azmz Afransawi[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Amussu n trgagit n wakal[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Agadir ḍaṛt 1960[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Timktit[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ɣ 1505, lliɣ yad rsan ɣ kigan n tɣarin timrrukiyin, bnan ibrtqizn yat tgadirt d yan umaris n tsbbabt tama n yill, ɣ izddar n wawrir ɣ illa Ugadir-uflla, iga s yism Santa Cruz do Cabo de Aguer.
ɣ 1911, tssufḍ Lalman yan uɣrrabu s Ugadir ilan s yism SMS Panther, ayad yiwi-d yan umukris adiblumasiy mqqurn gr Fransa d Lalman, ar as ttinin Tassast n Ugadir, nɣ Tassast tamrrukiyt tiss snat.
Ɣ usggas n 1911 issiw uɣrrabu almani "bantr" ɣ tɣrmt afadd ad iḥḍu ilmanin zdɣnin ɣ ugadir , mayad add yiwin aylliɣ tlla tassast n ugadir ngr fṛansa d almanya , ɣaylli d yiwin ad tssuḍrer fṛansa is tsdurri maṛṛa amṛṛuk ɣ usggas n 1912 .
Ɣ 29 fabṛayr 1960 ɣ ugad wiss 11 d 57 n tusdadt n yiḍ , immuss wakal n ugadir , ɣaylli d iwin arkiɣ tndl tɣrmt . d ɣ 15 n ultu ittymḍal mad izrin 15.000 n ufgan . lliɣ izri unggza n ugadir inna ugllid muḥmmad wiss smmus : «لئن حكمت الأقدار بخراب أكادير، فإن بنائها موكول إلى إرادتنا وعزيمتنا» , nɣd : « iɣ izzurf urtum andal n ugadir , tuska nns tlla f waqqas nnɣ d umummi nnɣ » ityska ugadir amaynu ɣ 2 km ɣ iffus n ugadir taqqburt . tiɣrmt tamaynut s ibridn nns ibarawn d tiskka nns timaynutin d tbrnaṭin nns ur tga zun d tiɣrmin tiqqburin n umṛṛuk . d nttat ad yiwin taskflt tiss snat ɣ tmallayt ḍaṛat amuṛṛakkc s ugalaz n uftas nns ibuɣlan d ignna nns aẓrwal . yuckad ɣ tiṭṭan lli ittyskarn masdd anadal lli yutn agadir iga walli bahra iggutn , lliɣ yut unngza tugtt n iḍuran ns (talbdjt , lqṣbt...) , d idɣarn ad darsn yan unbḍu immrwasn , att igan d usttiɣ lli illan ɣ ddu wakal , lli immntln ɣ mad izrin i tugtt n tmukrisin ɣ tdffurt n wakal , macc ɣ usggas n 1960 illa yakk umussu n wakal lli immntln i unadal n tɣrmt . ḍaṛat amngas lli yutn agadir ɣ wass n 29 fabṛayr 1960 , iḍṛd uṭṭun n imzdaɣ zzɣ 45000 ar 16000 .
Inna ugllid muḥmmad wiss smmus : «لئن حكمت الأقدار بخراب أكادير، فإن بنائها موكول إلى إرادتنا وعزيمتنا» , nɣd : « iɣ izzurf urtum andal n ugadir , tuska nns tlla f waqqas nnɣ d umummi nnɣ » . tlla tɣrmt n ugadir ɣ yan udɣar irxa ad gis ilin imussutn n wakal , d ɣayad af ttyska tɣrmt n ugadir tamaynut ɣ 2 km ɣ iffus n udɣar nns aqqbur .
Asnmkta[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ar ittini usiḍn lli ittyuskar ɣ usggʷas n 2014 mas[4]:
Aslmd[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Tigmiḍi n taqubbanit (middn lli ur ssin ad aqran wala ad ttaran) : 17,9%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli iɣran ar usinan n usmdi nɣd uggar : 27,6%
Tadamsa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli llan ɣ isggasn nnsn n twuri : 50,8%
- Tigmiḍi n tarwuri (middn lli ur ṭṭafn tawuri) : 17,2%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin dar lmxzn (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 14,1%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin ɣ uslig (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 58,8%
Tarakalt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Agadir Uflla[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iga Agadir Uflla yan ugadir ibna t ugllid Asɛdiy Ɛabdllah Lɣalb ɣ 1572. Ittyawbna ɣ iggi n ya wawrir yattuyn s 236 m. Awrir ad ittyara ɣ tsga nns ifkan i iffus s tɛṛabt: "Allah, al-watan, al-malik ", « Rbbi nɣ Akuc, Tamazirt, Agllid ».
Ittyara ɣ taggurt n ugadir ad s thulanḍiyt "Vreest god ende eert den kooning ", anamk nns iga t : « kṣuḍ ṛbbi, twqqrt agllid ».
Taɣarin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Gan iftasn n ugadir yat taɣawsa lli bahra yiwin tiṭṭ n imallayn d willi bahra tirinin tisggiwin n Sus. Tili taɣart s yat tiɣzi n 07 km d uggar. Mac iɣ ira yan ad iẓr iftasn taɣarin lli bahra icwan, illa fllas a'nn yitti f tmdint yamẓ aɣaras n Taṣṣurt. Ɣin ran yaf uggar n 20 n taɣart nɣd aftas. Ig uftas n Taɣazut yan ɣ iftasn lli baḥra ttuyssanin, yili sisn uḍar d umuddu. A'nn ka zrit Taɣazut s yan smus id kilumitr ran taft aftas abuda lli mu smman ihippiyn "Paradis plage " nɣd « Iftasn Ljnt ».
Anzwi[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iḍfuṛ ugadir i unzwi anammas , d unzwi zun d win tnzruft ɣ yat tizi , d ar bahra ttɣama tskʷflt n trɣi ɣ mad yaẓn i 20°C . zun d tiɣrmt n nirubi ɣ kinya . ar izray ɣ tɣrmt ɣaylli mu ttinin "ccrgi" . d igat kra n waḍu lli d itkkan tanzruft d ar ittmntal ɣ uzrruy n tskʷflt n trɣi ard tzri 40°C .
Tadmsa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tamallayt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iga Ugadir yat tmdint li bahra ituyssan s tmallayt ɣ tmazirt n Umrruk. Ar tid ittwattasn gaygan du amalay ɣ kraygatt tasga a ɣu amadlan, gin ifransawiyn imzwura li bahra issusam Ugadir, tab3antnin ilalmaniyn s ingliziyn. Imallaynad gan sɣ wanaw n imallayn li itllinin s iftasn d tafukt.
Tudrt n il d twuriwins[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Yat ɣ tiwuriwin timuqqranin n il tsalan middn n ugadir tisggiwin gantn tiwuriwin n il. tli ɣ ugadir lmrsa tisnat lmrruk, tili fkrat wal, talmrzat n tmallayt, talmrssat n srdil d gmrt islman d lmrsa tamaynut ntsbbabt.
Asslmd[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tlla ɣ Ugadir Tasdawt n Ben Ẓuher, yat zɣ tsdawin timqranin n tmazirt. Tumy taɣiwant n iḍbibn, tin tussniwin, tin tussniwin tizfanin, tidmsanin d tinamunin, tin tussniwin tinfganin, d kra n tmrsal yaḍnin n usslmd anflla : ENSA, ENCG, d ESTA.
Tadlsa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ar ttyawskarn kigan n inmuggarn ɣ Ugadir, gisn :
- Anmuggar n Tmitar : Isman aẓawan n ayt Sus, win imaziɣn, d win Lmɣrib s umata, wala win umaḍal. Ar ittili kraygat usggʷas ɣ tzwiri n Yunyu.
- Anmuggar n La Tolérance : Ar ittili kraygat asggʷas d ar ittkka ɣar yan yiḍ.
Tamallayt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
ttwayssan tɣrmt n ugadir lli yaẓn i ugarw aṭlanti s unzwi nns amnumms , d tiɣzi n uftas nns lli izrin 30 kilumitṛ , d umlal nns awraɣ , d tfukt nns ismrɣan uggar n 300 n wass ɣ usggʷas , ma yad ad stt isslkmn i yan uswir bahra yattuyn ɣ tmallayt , lliɣ llan tugtt n izugaz imqqṛann ɣ tama n uftas nns , lli dar llan tugtt n ibridn rẓmnin f uftas . ɣiklli ttwayssann izugaz n ugadir s uzdduɣ amṛṛuki d uzdduɣ amaynu , d tnufa n tunnunt , d tnufa n usjji n tdusi .
Aftas n ugadir[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iga uftas n ugadir yan ɣ iftasn bahra iẓiln ɣ umṛṛuk , lliɣ ẓḍarn imallayn ad gis skrn tugtt n iẓwarn zun d isardabn n tafukt d ussudu n isan d tunnunin n waman d igiwr ɣ tbrnaṭ n iggi n uftas .
Urti n ulhaw[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iga irti n ulhaw yan urti bahra iẓiln lli s a fttun tugtt n imallayn afadd ad gis zzrin yat tizi n tayri , ɣ yat tmust ifulkin .
Asif n waylaln[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iga yan urti n imudar amẓyan , lli indazn s maṛṛa inawn n waylaln d igḍad , d kra ɣ imudar aḍnin , d tlla f kra n izmmuẓẓal zg uftas , ar d sis ttackan imẓyann ula imqṛann . afadd ad ẓṛn igḍaḍ d waylaln , issann fllasn kra n inɣmisn . llan urti yad tugtt n wanawn n waylaln d imudar , llistt yujjan ad taf urtan aḍnin n umṛṛuk . d ɣ isggʷasn ad ggʷranin , irẓm urti tiggura ns fabur ɣ udm n imzdaɣ d imallayn .
Asays n lamal[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Asays imqquṛn ɣ tiɣrmt n ugadir , ar gis ttilin tugtt n imwirn d inmuggarn d imussutn lli ittawsn afadd ad tlkm tɣrma tamṛṛukit d tɣrma tamaziɣt yan uswir yattuyn , zun d anmuggar n timitar lli d ittawin tugtt n inuẓar zzɣ Amṛṛuk slawantt akkʷ Sus , d wyyad zzɣ timura yaḍnin .
Agadir n uflla[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iga yan udɣar zɣ umzruy tlla yad gis tɣrmt taqqburt , macc yan ugzzum mqquṛn zgis indl s ummntal n umussu n wakal lli yutn tiɣrmt ɣ usggʷas n 1960 . illa ugadir n uflla ɣ iggi n yan udrar lli dar 236 mitru ɣ tɣzi f tsna n yill .ɣ iẓẓlmd n tɣrmt n ugadir . ittyskar ɣ usggʷas n 1540 f ifassn d unmɣuṛ Muḥmmad Ccayx Ssaɛdi .
Tiwlafin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tiɣbula[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- ↑ Taqbilt n Ksima - Tiqbilin n Lmɣrib
- ↑ « Nom qui semble attester l'existence d'un marché du mercredi, « souk el-arba », près d'un grenier collectif. »Chronique de Santa-Cruz du Cap de Gué, Paris, 1934
- ↑ Chronique de Santa-Cruz du Cap de Gué, Paris, 1934
- ↑ http://rgphentableaux.hcp.ma/


text:
di tɣuri-ya, yeggur a nbedd x tarezzut i yegga umarezzu Afransis Paul Manceaux deg umeggaru n lqern tseɛṭac. D netta ittbeqqec x unhezzi n tira d tsekla deg Wafrika n yeẓẓelmeḍ. Tɣuri-ya nnes tbeṭṭa ikuden n tsekla deg uxarres Amaziɣ aqdim ɣer sebɛa n ikuden. D yina niteni:
Akud Apuniki
yyebda-dd wakud-a zi lqern 6 qbel tlalit ar lqern 2 qbel i tlalit. Da nessawal wami ila tella Kerṭaj d tanimant (indépendante). Tamdint-a ila ɣer-sen aṭṭas n idlisen d lektub i yuran s Tpunikt. Manaya qbel ma ad adfen Irumanyen ad reddjen Kerṭaj. S minzi Irumaniyen nitni ila wer qqiren ca s yiles-a wa, wer das-ucin ca ca n lhimmet d tameqqrant i yedlisen-a nnsen. S uya, Irumaniyen wcin idlisen-nni i ijelliden Imaziɣen, minzi imeggura-ya ila qqaren s Tpunikt. Jarkṭer Mikipsa (Micipsa). Inumidiyen ila qqaren idlisen lebda, jjin-ten ɣer-sen ar mani iffeɣ uḥewwas Arumani.
Zeg iwdan i yeɣrin idlisen-a a naf Afulay Amedraw (Apeulius) d Augustine d ujellid Amaziɣ Yuba wis tnayen. Mamec i ten-yeɣra ula umrezzu Aruamni deg umezruy Salluste. D ca n imerzuten ijyugrafiyen OIgrikiyen wami ila llan di Tefrikt. Ɛad wer nessin ca min dag-sen deg idlisen-a, minzi iweḍḍer-iten zzman, niɣ iḍeyyeɛ-iten uḥewwas ireddjen, iskemḍen idlisen-a. Maca qa din ca n idlisen i ttuɣa i dd-issiwlen x ca n idlisen i yuran s Tpunikt. Ad neydar zzag-sen :
- Adlisen n Ibeḥriyen n Ḥanun (Hannon) i dd-ibanen di lqern n xemsa qbel i tlalit. Adlis-a nnes yegga-as « Ameggur n Ḥanun ». Dag-s issawal Ḥanun x min iẓra d netta ittekk Aṭlantik ar Sudan. Adlis-a sturjmen-t ɣer Tegrikt. Lux, aturjem-nnes ɛad yella, maca adlis anesli iweḍḍer.
- Adlis n Hamilkun (Hamilcon) ula d netta d adlis n imegguren, nettaf Yuba wis tnayen ibedd x-as wami ttuɣa ittari tira-nnes x Mawriṭaniya taqdimt. Maca, wer iqqim ca adlis n Hamilkun, ula d adlis n yuba, iweḍḍer.
- Adlis n Hiempsal deg umezruy. Zzag-s i dd-yeksi Salluste ixarrisen-nnes x imezdaɣ n Tefrikt taqdimt.
- Adlis n Magon i yura x tfellaḥt d ikunumi n lkampawat. D ijjen udlis dag-s 28 izegnan, tturjmen merra ɣer Tlatinit.
Akud Agriki
Akud-a ibda-dd ula d netta zi lqern wis setta qbel i tlalit ar lqern wis tnayen n tlalit. Ttuɣa nessiwel qbel deg igeṭṭumen i yeɛdan ila Imaziɣen ttuɣa ttemsurrufen aked Igrikiyen zegga i dd-udfen imeggura-ya ɣer Kuriniya di Libiya n yiḍ-a. Amsurruf jar Igrikiyen d Imaziɣen wer t-ttuɣi ca di Kurniya waha, mac aula di Kaysarya di Mawriṭaniya d Kerṭaj.
Umi tewḍa tameggarut-a deg ufus n Irumaniyen aseggas n 146 qbel i tlalit. Ruḥen imedlas (intellectuels) Imaziɣen ɣer ccerq Agriki d Athéna. Dag-s ilemden tussniwin, Tafilusuft d iles Agriki. Nzemmer a dd-neydar zeg Imaziɣen-a Hasdrubal Akerṭaj (lqern wis 2 qbel i tlalit) i yellan d ijjen Ufilusuf d Maziɣ iraḥ ɣer Atina, yeḥḍer deg wegraw n Ifilisufen ula kṭer agraw n Karnyadis (Carnêadês). Xenni idwel d aselmad n Tfilusuft deg Watina. Xenni, ibedd x Tkadimit tamaynut. Alaḥsab min inna Diogène, ijjen zeg inemzruyanen n Tfilusuft taqdimt, nettaf Hasdrubal yura ca n 400 n idlisen merra s Tegrikt.
Tugurt ɣer Atina bac bnadem ad isala tɣuri-nnes, tedwel d ijjen tnamit d tamassant tteggen-tt imeḥḍaren n tesdawyin di Tmazɣa. Di lqern amezwaru qbel i tlalit, yewwi-dd ajellid Yuba wis tnayen aṭṭas n imedlas d Igrikiyen ḥma ad sbedden anhezzi adelsan di tmurt-nnes. Xenni, lellcent tira Tigrikiyin di merra igran n tussna. Ajellid yuba wis tnayen ila yella zeg Igrikufuniyen. Yura di Tjyugraft, deg Umezruy, di tjerrumt d umezgun. Nzemmer a x-as nini ila netta illan d amezɣan d unemzruyan amezwaru deg uxarres Amaziɣ.
Yuba yura di tẓuri, deg umezruy n Roma taqdimt, deg umezruy n Waɛɛraben d Imaziɣen. Ksin-dd x-as aṭṭas n inemzruyanen Ilatiniyen d Igrikiyen iqdimen. Monceaux yettwala-t d wenni issmedyan s tidet akud n tseka Tamaziɣt i yuran s Tegrikt.
Aṭṭas n imariten Imaziɣen i yuran s Tegrikt, a dd-neydar zzag-sen Cornutus de Leptis, (Lqern amezwaru), Fronto (Lqern wis tnayen), d Tertulianus (lqern wis tnayen) D uyempraṭur Amaziɣ Severus (Lqern wis tlala). Maca zi lwest n lqern amezwaru n tlalit, tebda Talatint d nettat i yetteṭṭfen amkan i Tegrikt deg iẓelmḍ n Wafrika. Zi senni, tebda tira s tegrikt, teddakk°al s isuraf ɣer deffer.
Akud Alatini
Yebda-dd wakud-a zi lqern amezwaru n tlalit. Mala neẓra min urin Imaziɣen iqdimen, a naf azgen-nnes ameqqran uran-tt s Tlatinit. Tameggarut-a wer tt-ttuɣi ca d iles n tussna ɣer umezwaru-nni, mala nekker a tt-nesmqudda aked Tegrikt. Talitinit ttuɣa wer tettjebbed ca Imaziɣen bac a zzag-s arin. Waxxa irumaniyen ṭṭfen iẓelmeḍ n Tefrikt zi lqern wis tnayen qbel i tlalit, maca tira s Tlatint tebda s tnayen n lqrun menbeɛd. Zeg Imaziɣen imezwura i yuran s Tlatinit, nettaf Terentius d usṭrunum Manilius.
Akud n Ufalyasuf Amaziɣ Apulée Amedraw (Lqern 2)
Zi ssa, i ɣa tebda tira Talatint tlellec jar Imaziɣen, mamec tebda Tapunikt d Tegrikt tteffɣent yiger n tira s cwayt cwayt. Da, nessawal x tsekla Talatinufunit, i wer yerwisen ca di tseka Talatint. Zeg imariten imeqqranen nettaf Salvinus Julianus. D unjerrum Apollinaise de Carthage. Din ariṭuriki Frontin n Cirta. D umussnaw Apulée n Amedraw, bab n tḥajit « Asnus n wureɣ » D ufilusuf Akerṭaj Tertulien d inniḍen.
Akud n Impraṭuren Ifrikanen
Amec yettwassen ila din ca n Imaziɣen ḥekmen Roma, ttuɣa-ten d Impraṭuren. Tnayen n twacunin min xef nzemmer a nessiwel. D amezwaru d isiviriyen (les sevères) d Igurdiyen (les Gordiens). Ina merra d irgazen n tsekla. Zeg Imariten yettwassnen deg wakud-a a naf :
- deg usefru : Némésien d Reposionus d Sammonicus
- di tjerrumt : Porphyron d Nonius Marcellus
- Deg yigran-nniḍen : Minucius Felix d Arnobe, Lactance, Jules l’Africain, Commodien…
Akud n Augustine
Tira lellcent deg umeggaru n lqern 4 d beddu n lqern wis xemsa n tlalit jar kṭer di ddin, Tafilusuft n ddin. Minzi ttuɣa yekker ijjen umherwaḍ d ameqqran jar inni ttuɣa yellan aked Teglizt Takatulikt d inniḍen i x-as iffɣen. Ittsemma jar Augustine d Idunatiyen. Nzemmer a dd-neydar zeg iwdan imseddren deg wakud-a :
- Arituriki : Victorinus
- Anemzruyan : Aurelius Victor
- Anjerrum ; Charisius
- Servius le Mause
- Macrobe
- Martianus Capella
Akud n Iwindaliyen :
Umi i dd-udfen Iwinidaliyen tamurt n Imaziɣen bdan Irumaniyen ttɛeqqaben ɣer deffer. Xenni, tedwel tira tudrus. Danita, drus n imariten i dd-ibanen, a zzag-sen dd-neydar :
- Casius Felix i yellan d aḍbib
- Cailius Aurelius i yellan d aḍbib
- Pompée Le Maure i yellan d aseklan
- Luxorius i yellan d azlawi
- Darcontinus i yellan d azlawi
Akud n ibiẓanṭiyen
Di lqern wis setta, msaren aṭṭas n imxumbal, yuqeɛ dag-s ureddej kṭer zi lebni. S uya, tira deg wakud-a tedwel ɣer deffer aṭṭas. Maca waxxa amenni, banen-d ca n ismawen d imeqqranen ameknaw :
- Priscien n Caesaria
- Julianus
- Victor n Tunes
- Corippus
D ina d imaruten imeggura i yuran s Tlatinit qbel ma ad adfen Waɛɛraben ɣer Wafrika.


text:
Aɛumar
Aɛumar d taɣiwant n twilayt n Tubiret i-d yezgan ar ugugas utraman (confin) n Tmurt n Leqbayel af wakalen n yinezliwen xas ttweɛraben aṭas imezdaɣ deg-sen d sruḥen tamaziɣt am tmiwa am Delles neɣ Lexḍareyya.
Tarakalt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Aɛumar tezga-d ar 95 km seg Lezzayer tamanaɣt, deg ubrid aneɣlaw wis semmus (RN 5) i d-yettawin ar Qsenṭina. Amkan agejdi n tɣiwant illa gar RN5 d RN25 (abrid i-d ittawi si Tacentirt ar Tizi Wezzu) ar wekan i wumi imezdaɣ qqaren-as "Bracema" (Aɛumar-Tamersiwet)
Aɛumar di 1998 tela azal n 20 532 imezdaɣ, tigti deg-sen reggwen taremɣa (terrorisme) deg tuddar d ixliǧen deg useggasen n 1990.
Tuddar[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Aɛumar-Tamersiwet
D axliǧ agejdi n tɣiwant, bnan-it tama n tmersiwet (gare)
- Aɛumar-Alemmas : llan iǧendarmiyen deg tama-nni.
- Lmajen Luṭfi
- Leǧwhara
- Tizi Larevɛa
- Tala Meryem
- At Nnaṣer
- At Aɛmar (Laâmara)
- Leqrarib - Bxila
- At Yusef
- Daḥsa
- Tala Wudi
- At Lekfif
- Bumiya


text:
TAMURT – Seg asmi Lzayer tewwi timunent-is, niɣil yakw nekni s Iqbayliyen, ilaq ad newwet akken « Lzayer ad tuɣal d tugdut », akken a nidir deg idles nneɣ, tinekkit nneɣ, izerfan nneɣ akken i llan, maca aḍabu azayri amharsan n waɛraben-inselmen yugi, ur yeffiɣ ara fell-as
wanect-a.
Sebba i d-yufa d akken, ma ulac « Lzayer ad tefreq », « ad
ibḍu ugdud azayri illan d yiwen ɣef sin iḥricen», u diɣen amma « ad
ternu d takna tmaziɣt ɣef tutlayt n taɛrabt ». D tigi i d sebbat i
d-ittaf dima si 1962 ar tura ; maca nwala, nefhem d akken d ayla nneɣ
i yugin ad yidir, ugaden-t ad yeffukti, ad tennerni tutlayt taqbaylit,
ima ahat « ad tt-tedj ɣer deffir taɛrabt agi si ttzuxxun »? Netta, yuɣ
lḥal d azɣuzer kan id-ibanen, d nnḥas i izedɣen ulawen nsen mgal
taqbaylit. D tagi kan i d sebba.
Tawaɣit, mazal ar tura, llan xilla n Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin i
yettamenen imi tabaɛen lḥirak agi u smuzguten i Iqbayliyen d
Teqbayliyin isertiyen n tkellax, i qeblen ad ddun d aqfafen, widak i
iqeddcen i waɛraben-inselmen n usekkak. U yernu Iqbayliyen d
Teqbayliyin d isertiyen agi, ur zmiren ara ad d-xedmen kra n
temliliyin beṛṛa n twilayin am Tizi, Bgayet d Tubiret. Ayagi d ayen i
twalam meṛṛa, ulac ula yiwen deg-sen i yeffɣen ar twilayin n
taɛrabin-tinselmin. Twalam akk Karim Ṭabbu anida i d-irza akken ad
isufeɣ ssem-is mgal annay amaziɣ u yemmeslay-d i Iqbayliyen d
Teqbayliyin, i d-yusan ɣur-s, s tutlayt n taɛrabt akked d trumit am
akken d iberraniyen i llan.
Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin agi i yezwaren zzat n lḥirak, ẓran, ḥsan d
akken ugin-ten anida nniḍen imi d Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin i llan.
Ugin-ten, ugin-tent di twilayin timsɛarbin.
Agejdur ameqran anda ula icenga yecban Lɛarbi Ziṭuṭ, Amir dz,
Bensedira, Dhina, d wiyaḍ meṛṛa gman-d, ddan-d deg ubrid n « tugdut »
agi nsen. Netta yuɣ lḥal, akken kan ad kecmen ɣer tlemmast ad
asen-awin kra n Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin deg ubrid n tneslemt d
taɛrabt nsen. Icenga yagi lla d-tesmirin tiddyulujit nsen deg allaɣ n
tlemẓyen n Ilmeẓyen nneɣ, widak mazal ur d-faqen ara deg iman-nsen
mgal acengu aɛrab-ineslem, yekkaten si 62 akken ad a ten-yemḥu.
Lla d zerɛen, lla d-zuzuren tddyulujit nsen deg uẓeṭṭa n fcb i
Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyn akken ad ddun deg ubrid n taɛarabt n tneslemt.
Twalam-ten akk deg wennar amma di Tizi neɣ di Vgayet d Tubiret amek i
ttuɣun akken llan s lislugu n taɛrabt ? Ayagi mačči illa kra i
d-nesnulaf, d ayen twalam yakk di tbiddiyutin a tagmatt.
Isluguyen (slogans) agi n taɛrabt d ayen i sen-d-yusan deg tama n
uḍabu akken ad seddun akken ibɣa lḥirak agi yesaɛraben tamurt
taqbaylit. Icenga yagi i d-udreɣ icban Lɛarbi Ziṭut, atg,…uɣalen d
nutni i wumi semḥasen Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin, mačči i isetiyen d
imusnawn Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin illan niqal iferqen ddin d tsertit
iman-is (laiques).
Iswi n wanect-a, d ayen ara yessiwḍen ad yessenger idles nneɣ ɣef i
nettḥarab d leqrun uya. D tufɣa n wennar deg umecwar n tlelli d tugdut
n umennuɣ nneɣ i d-newwi si 62 ar ass-a. D acu yeblan Aqbayli akken ad
yuɣal « d izimer » ara iḍefren uccen ara t-yeččen tagara ? Neẓra,
nessen, nwala d akken tiddyulujit n taɛrabt-tineslemt d tin ur nqebbel
ara
ad tidir teqbaylit d tmaziɣt neɣ tutlayt nniḍen ur necba yara tutlayt
n Okba ibn Nafaa. Ur tezmir ara tagi a kwen-truḥ si tmuɣli nwen, nwent
? Anida terram iqerray-nwen, nwent ?
Teẓram d acu i xeddmen isertiyen d kra n imusnawen Iqbayliyen d
Teqbayliyin deg leqdic nsen, d akken wehhan agdud aqbayli deg ubrid n
nnger, n meḥḥu n tnekkit d yedles nsen. D wagi i d abrid d-wwin
imusnawen d tmusnawin ig nehren d imelyan n iqbayliyen deg ubrid n
Ḥirak n waɛraben-inselmen.
Nettwali libandrul (banderolles) s tutlayt n taɛrabt, isuɣan s
tegnawit n tmanaɣt, qeddmen s ẓẓur imeɣnasen d tmeɣnasin n timunent
taqbaylit, kksen-asen annay aqbayli deg ifassen-nsen. Deg ayagi nefhem
ur yezmir ara i lzayer n uzekka yagi nsen ad tidir deg-s tmurt
taqbaylit neɣ agdud aqbayli u ad yesɛu amur n izerfan-isen ɣef yettnaɣ
mgal aḍabu.
Akken agdud aqbayli ad yawi, ad yidir yidles ines, ilaq-as ad d-yawi
timunent ines, ma ulac ad iteddu ad yenger. Tagi ilaq ad walin
Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin agi yeddan di l ḥirak agi n izayriyen. Lḥirak
agi d win ara yessalin taɛrabt d waɛraben di ccan ameqran, maca agdud
aqbayli ad iqqim di taterǧett taneggarut, idles nneɣ, ma tkemmel aka
ad yenger.
Hand Berkouk


text:
Niels Bohr
Niels Bohr d amussnagamaw (physicien) adanmarki, ittwassen ɣef leqdic-is di tussnagama tanaɛurt (nucléaire) d ubelkim (atome).
Ilul di Copenhague, tamaneɣt n tmurt n Danmark. Baba-s d afiziulug (physiologue). Niels Bohr, ikcem ɣer yesnidi (laboratoire) n Rutherford (iqdec yid-s) di Manchester.
Deg usseggwas 1911, Bohr ikfa almud ines di tesdawit n Copenhague, yeffeɣ-d s Doctorat.
Deg usseggwas 1922, Bohr yuɣ arraz Nobel ɣef tiẓiri ɣef temṣukt (structure) tabelkamit (La théorie de Bohr sur la structure atomique). Tiẓri d-iffɣen gar usseggwas 1913 d usseggwas 1914. Bohr, iḍfer leqdic I d-yeǧǧa Rutherford (1871-1937), I d-innan abelkim yebna ɣef yiɣes I ɣef tezzin iliktrunen.
Tiẓri n Bohr, d aseɣwen n tiẓri takantikt d tiẓri n Planck (assaɣ gar lqedd n ukantum (quantum) d usnagar n uzenzar) : abelkim ur yesɛi ara azenzar alikrumagniti, anagar ma illa aliktrun ibeddel aswir akanti. Lebbni-ya idegger ar sdat s waṭas tussnagama n ubelkim s wayen akw is d-ewwi d amaynut.
Deg usseggwas n 1916, Bohr iqdec d asalmad amussnagamaw di tesdawit n Copenhague. Deg usseggwas 1920, yuɣal d anemhal n Institut de physique théorique di tesdawit.
Deg ttrad amaḍal wis-sin, Bohr irwel ar Marikan, ikki di leqdic n lbumba tabelkamit, Projet Manhattan deg Los Alamos di New Mexico.
Mi ikfa ttrad, Bohr yuɣal d azamul mgal ttrad abelkami : Abelkim I Talzit (Atoms for peace).


text:
Nesseḥfa-k ay abrid s tikli, ay iwsi neggumma ad ak-naweḍ. Nteffeɣ-d ɣer iberdan yiwet n tikkelt deg useggas, bḥal iberriqen. Nettɛeggiḍ, ncennu, nesderdur deg iḍarren, nekkat deg ifassen, nettcebbiḥ kan i wallen; walit-aɣ-d a medden amek nugi lbaṭel d wamek nebɣa tilelli.
Nesseɛreq i webrid ixef-is, akken i as-nesseɛreq i umennuɣ iswi-s; nebɣa tadukli maɛna nesnaɣay atmaten.
Nebɣa tilelli maɛna nteddu d yinselmen. Neckentiḍ deg izamulen ssbeḥ, tameddit nɣelli-d am yemḍuren. Neǧǧa taddart neḍmeɛ imeẓẓaɣ n temdint ad aɣ-d-slen.
Ayen neggumma ad nsers aḍad n tidet ɣef lǧerḥ? Ayen neǧǧa Tutlayt nettnaɣ ɣef Lluɣa? Ayen neǧǧa Idles nettnaɣ ɣef Taqafa?
Yebrir ur yezmir ara ad yejbeṛ ayen deg-neɣ yeẓen. Nettak tarwa-nneɣ ɣer llakul ara ten-ikerfen, llakul n waɛraben-inselmen, neḍmaɛ tanekkra d tlelli. Di remḍan n berrek am ileɣman, nessusum am iselman mi aɣ-d-ḥettmen laẓ.
Di 20 yebrir nettɛeggiḍ “walit-d irgazen a leǧnas!”
Mačči d tagrawla i nxeddem, d irebbi i nberred i trewla. Mazal allaɣ n weqbayli yettwazuzen s tura el maǧida. Imeḥbas di lḥebs rekkun, nekkni nzemmeḍ arkasen i tikli. Idammen ḥemmun, ulawen d isemmaḍen.
20 yebrir medden akk d igrawliwen.
Nekkes sser i umennuɣ; akken nxeddem i tlawin i nxeddem i tsertit, akken nxeddem sdat tlawin, i nxeddem sdat tsertit “d zaɛma yakk!” .
Ass-a nugi ad as-nefk isem i weɛdaw. Nugad ad as-nsemmi. Neẓra belli ma yella nsemma-yas, ilaq ad t-neɛqel, ma yella neɛqel-it ilaq yid-s ad nennaɣ.
Yeɛya deg-neɣ webrid. Yya-w ad nbeddlet tikli, ad nbeddel tamuɣli, ad nebrut i “les slogans” ad nreffdet tikta, yes-sent ara nessečč tagrawla.
Tikli deg umennuɣ mačči s iḍarren, s wallaɣen. Iswi mačči d la wilaya, iswi d timunent.
Nekkat di lezzayer, nxeddem am izzayriyen.
Nebɣa tilelli, nedda d yenselmen.
Amek ara yali wass fell-aɣ akka ?!
Irnaten Murad


text:
Zzit u-zemmour n leqvayel
Zzit u-zemmour n leqvayel, d’azamul amagan n temurt taqvayelit, d’azadur n tadamsa tamehellit. ar assa ar azekka, zith u-zemmur iqim d’ucci amezwaru ak ddewa hellu.
D lewret n leqrun, ideǧan lejdud, zzit u-zemmur n leqvayel mazaliţ ţanaslit, d zzit n-u3eqqa yewwan yuɣalen d-avrkan, yeţwasenen s rriha ifazen.
Assayi lewret n luluf isegasen, iţekemmil avrid s w-allal amaynut n bla m-aneţţu sifat n zzit leqvayel.
Zzit n leqvayel; ţţigemmi ara nehrez, d-asnsay n leqrun ayagi. Tamurt n leqvayel, s-idurar-is, s teɣaltin-is, ak d le3wayed-is ţţizmerin iţifeṣṣelen.
Zzit u-zemmur n leqvayel teţwasen s senef n zzit idifka uzemmur yewwan, tewwid arraz muccu3en: ussin ifazen n tama n summam, iherred tazalɣi g tamsekant tagraɣlant n Bruksel asegas n 1910.
Tamurt n leqvayel meqqurt, tes3a atas lesnaf n zzit s-waramen yemxallafen, garasent ad nvder: zzit n tama n biban, negh zzit n illula g tamanaght n tizi uzzu, tella daɣen zzit n sedduk ak d zzit n tama tasahlit n babor.
Qqaren d-asfek n atina (Tagellidt n taglda n titrun), teskcemed tazmurt ak d-uɣaraf n zzit ɣer temurt imaziɣen ak tamda n agrakal n tama tasmarant.
Amzeruy asirr tajmilt i atina ɣ-f-usnulfu n temacint n senat n ṛṛudat, Atina igṭewasnen s yisem n Tinhinan, asayi tentel g tama n abalisa ak ṭexeddamtis takamaṭ ɣer tamas.
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text:
TAMURT – Yella yiwen n uzayri d aɛrab, yettidir di lqarub n Lpari. Yiwen wass, aɛrab-agi ibɣa ad inadi af iẓuran-i deg ddunit anida ma llan, igad u ɣur igan issem “Isli” am netta. Imuqel g internet armi i d-iɣli af yiwen isem icban win-is, Yufa bab-is isɛa lqahwa di tɣiwant n Saint-Ouen (93). Imiren iṭṭef-d tansa (ladris), azekka nni iruh ad isseqsi fell-as u « ad ismug tamusni tamerbuḥt ma irad Yillu » ah-at, ttin ara idumen i lebda.
Akken yewweḍ ar dinna, yekcem ar ttberna isem-is “La mascotte” av G. Peri, yufa yiwen deffir n ukuntwar, dɣa ikmandi ayen ara isew. Mi is-d-issers lkas d wayen yekmandi, inteq ar bab n lqahwa, yenna: -Bɣiɣ ak-id-sseqsiɣ a mas ma ad yit-semḥeḍ, ma ulac uɣilif…. (staɛrabt is-yehder). Aqbayli deffir ukuntwar yewhem d acu akka ara s-id-yini wergaz ur walant wallen-is di laɛmer, yernu as-d-ittemmeslayt s taɛrabt n wevrid. Irra weqbayli s tefransist :
-D acu akka ik-id-yecqan, ar lxir ? Aɛrab azayri, aččamar armi d idmaren, yecmumex ar ɣur-s, yenna:
-Teḥsiḍ neɣ ala…? Kečč yak isem-ik Isli neɣ mdah, am akken i tufiɣ ? Aqbayli yesxec kan, itmuqul-it, itraju d acu ara
s-yer d sserf akken “ad t-isemmeṛ” s wawal. Inna-yas: -Ih, akka iyella lḥal, s tidett, d wagi I d isem-iw. Aerab anida ara k-iger a lferḥ, yerra-as s ucmumex armi d imezzuɣen, yenna :
– Ula d nek isem-iw Isli am kečč ! Yak ziɣen adrum nneɣ yiwen ur neḥsi…!
Aqbayli yesker tawenza-s, ma d Aɛrab lla ittkemmil deg awal-is:
– Ufiɣ-t deg lbotin n tilifu; nek tufiḍ lla ttnadiɣ acḥal ayagi af tjaddit-iw akk anida ma llan deg umaḍal akken llan, ah-at yiwen wass a nemyiggeret akk jmiɛn ma yekteb !
Aqbayli isseqsa-t wansi-t umexluq-agi i isɛan isem am netta, id d-iruḥen ar ɣur-s a t-yerr n tfamilt-is. Winna ittkemmil deg umeslay iqqar-as:
– Ula d nek d azayeri am kečč.
Aqbayli yenna ula d netta:
-Ih, am nek,… maca timeslayin nneɣ mačči yiwet-nsent, mxallafent ay ameddakel, neɣ mdah ?
Aɛrab issusem-kan, ibedd-as wawal, dɣa yenna: Ih, stidett, maena yak d Izayriyenakk inselmen i-nella yakk.
Aqbayli inna ula d netta:
-Nniɣ-ak ay-amexluq n Ṛebbi, sew-kan lkas-ik teṭfeḍ iberdan-ik s-yagi di laɛnaya-k, nek ur lliɣ n tfamilt-ik xas isemawen nneɣ yiwen-nsen; d amcabi-kan imcaban, wammag amek ara tiliḍ d mmi-s n laṣel-iw imi kečč d aɛrab nek d aqbayli ? Dagi-kan amer di tefhimeḍ, tili fiḥel ma tesseqsaḍ-iyi-d yakk ! Aɛrab isgwergwer lkas-is af tikelt, tawurttefka-t, iffeɣ tufɣ a n iberriq. Akken ids-yenna Zedek. Mulud (at idekker Yullu s lxir) : « win ur nessin taqbaylit, awer timlilit !
Expression
» iffeɣ tufɣa n iberriq «
– Tadyant agi n Uqvayli ak n waɛrab tedra-d s tidett deg yiwet n tberna n weqbayli di Saint Ouen di lqarub n Paris.
Hand Berkouk


text:
Beaumont (Hainaut)
Beaumont (Biômont e pikardeg) a zo ur gêr eus Belgia e Proviñs Hainaut.
Istor[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
XXvet kantved[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Monumantoù ha traoù heverk[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
- Kastell Beaumont.
Armerzh[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Douaroniezh[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Melestradurezh[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Tud[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Gevelliñ[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Liammoù diavaez[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Notennoù ha daveoù[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]


text:
Umuɣ n tikkin n umseqdac Bilalbouyahia
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- 21 Tuber 2021 à 17:54 Imgir Amezruy +570 N Arzum Asebtar amaynut: {{Databox}} '''Arzum''' neɣ '''Alelga''' (Assaɣ ussnan: '''Ephedra''') d yiwet n tewsit n yimɣan yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tlelganin. Tawsit-a tegber seg wazal n 70 n telmas yettwaddgen, tilmas-a gant d tiseklatin tisnazduɣin meẓẓiyen, lant ifurken, werriɣ-it. == Taskant tamatut == == Asedger == == Tasuddest takrurant == == Tilmas == == Asemres == == Ẓe... amiran
- 15 Tuber 2021 à 10:03 Imgir Amezruy +15 Talɣa:Tamaziɣt amiran Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 15 Tuber 2021 à 09:45 Imgir Amezruy +446 N Tagurart Asebtar amaynut: {{Databox}} '''Tagurart''' (s tifinaɣ: '''ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔⴰⵔⵜ''') d yiwet n tutlayt tamaziɣt yeṭṭafaren afurk tutlayin tiznasin, ttmeslayen-tt yimezdaɣ n tama n Tigurarin di tlemmast n uneẓruf n Lezzayer (am Timimun d Twat. == Addad == == Tasnimeslit == == Imniren == {{refs}} {{tamaziɣt}} Taggayt:Tutlayin timaziɣin Taggayt:Tutlayin Taggayt:Tutlayin n Lezzayer amiran Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 15 Tuber 2021 à 09:40 Imgir Amezruy +2 Talɣa:Tamaziɣt Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 15 Tuber 2021 à 09:36 Imgir Amezruy +35 Tamaziɣt tudayt amiran Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 15 Tuber 2021 à 09:35 Imgir Amezruy +11 Talɣa:Tamaziɣt Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 15 Tuber 2021 à 09:34 Imgir Amezruy +239 Tamaziɣt tudayt Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 15 Tuber 2021 à 09:13 Imgir Amezruy +55 Tutlayt tacelḥit amiran Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 15 Tuber 2021 à 09:05 Imgir Amezruy +39 N Iɣermawen Bilalbouyahia yebeddel isem n usebtar seg Iɣermawen ar Tamaziɣt n iɣermawen amiran
- 15 Tuber 2021 à 09:05 Imgir Amezruy 0 m Tamaziɣt n iɣermawen Bilalbouyahia yebeddel isem n usebtar seg Iɣermawen ar Tamaziɣt n iɣermawen amiran
- 15 Tuber 2021 à 09:04 Imgir Amezruy 0 N Taggayt:Tutlayin n Umeṛṛuk Page vide créée amiran Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 15 Tuber 2021 à 09:03 Imgir Amezruy +111 Taznagt n Srayr amiran Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 15 Tuber 2021 à 09:02 Imgir Amezruy +16 Taznagt n Srayr Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 15 Tuber 2021 à 09:02 Imgir Amezruy +34 Tutlayt tarifit amiran Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 15 Tuber 2021 à 09:01 Imgir Amezruy +807 N Tamaziɣt n iɣermawen Asebtar amaynut: {{Databox}} '''Tamaziɣt n iɣermawen''' (s tifinaɣ: '''ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵡⵏ''') d yiwen n umaɣlal antalan yeṭṭafaren tagrawt n Tutlayin timaziɣin tiznasin, ttmeslayen-tt deg kra n yimedwen deg unẓul utrim n Lezzayer am tɣiwant n Busemɣun, Mecreyya, Muɣrar, Igli, Taɣit yakk d Mazzer, d tamiwin i ten-tt-yudsen di tlisa n Ame... Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 15 Tuber 2021 à 08:55 Imgir Amezruy +21 Busemɣun amiran Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 13 Tuber 2021 à 09:11 Imgir Amezruy 0 Tutlayt tamaceɣt amiran Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 13 Tuber 2021 à 09:10 Imgir Amezruy +3 Tutlayin timaziɣin amiran Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 13 Tuber 2021 à 09:09 Imgir Amezruy 0 Tutlayin timaziɣin Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 13 Tuber 2021 à 09:08 Imgir Amezruy −8 Tutlayin timaziɣin Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 13 Tuber 2021 à 08:21 Imgir Amezruy +16 Taɣdimest amiran Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 13 Tuber 2021 à 08:19 Imgir Amezruy +1 162 N Taɣdimest Asebtar amaynut: {{Databox}} '''Taɣdimest''' neɣ '''Tamaziɣt n Ɣdames''' (s tifinaɣ: '''ⵜⴰⵗⴷⵉⵎⵙⵜ''') d yiwet n tutlayt tamaziɣ tasemrant yeṭṭafaren afurk n tutlayin tiznasin tisemranin. Tutlayt-a ttmeslayen-tt yimezdaɣ n yimedwen n Ɣdames deg utaram n Libya, di tlisa-ines yakk Lezzayer d Tunes. == Imsawalen == S unect n tensa n Ethnologue... Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 13 Tuber 2021 à 08:18 Imgir Amezruy +3 Talɣa:Tamaziɣt Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 13 Tuber 2021 à 08:17 Imgir Amezruy +39 Tutlayin tiznasin amiran Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 11 Tuber 2021 à 13:14 Imgir Amezruy +23 Tagwanect amiran Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 11 Tuber 2021 à 13:13 Imgir Amezruy +712 N Tagwanect Asebtar amaynut: {{Databox}} '''Tagwancit''' neɣ '''Tasekenit''' neɣ '''Tamaziɣt tanegzirt''' d tagrawt n yirzan n tutlayin timaziɣin s wacu llan ttmeslayen yimaziɣen n Tegzirin Tiknariyin (Igwanciyen) send ma ad tenger di tsut tis 18 (ɣas akken di tsut tis 19 mazal llant kra n tɣerfin mazal ttmeslayen-tt yis). Tura, tutlayt Tagwancit temmut, yerna ur d-yelli ara uqeddic adeblan i wakken ad tt-ssid... Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 5 Tuber 2021 à 08:09 Imgir Amezruy +223 Tawilant amiran Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 5 Tuber 2021 à 08:06 Imgir Amezruy +2 Tutlayin timaziɣin Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 5 Tuber 2021 à 08:05 Imgir Amezruy +1 Tutlayin timaziɣin Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 4 Tuber 2021 à 20:20 Imgir Amezruy 0 Tutlayin tiznasin Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 4 Tuber 2021 à 20:19 Imgir Amezruy 0 Tutlayin tiznasin Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 4 Tuber 2021 à 20:18 Imgir Amezruy +8 Tutlayin tiznasin Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 4 Tuber 2021 à 20:18 Imgir Amezruy +111 Tutlayin tiznasin Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 4 Tuber 2021 à 20:15 Imgir Amezruy +1 Tutlayin tiznasin Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 4 Tuber 2021 à 20:14 Imgir Amezruy +490 Tutlayin tiznasin Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 4 Tuber 2021 à 18:52 Imgir Amezruy +598 Tutlayin tiznasin Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 4 Tuber 2021 à 17:44 Imgir Amezruy +34 N Tutlayin tiznasiyin Bilalbouyahia yebeddel isem n usebtar seg Tutlayin tiznasiyin ar Tutlayin tiznasin amiran
- 4 Tuber 2021 à 17:44 Imgir Amezruy 0 m Tutlayin tiznasin Bilalbouyahia yebeddel isem n usebtar seg Tutlayin tiznasiyin ar Tutlayin tiznasin
- 4 Tuber 2021 à 17:43 Imgir Amezruy −2 Tutlayin tiznasin Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 4 Tuber 2021 à 17:43 Imgir Amezruy +1 Tutlayin tiznasin Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 4 Tuber 2021 à 17:43 Imgir Amezruy +2 106 N Tutlayin tiznasin Asebtar amaynut: {{Databox}} '''Tutlayin tiznasin''' neɣ '''Taznast''' (s tifinaɣ: '''ⵜⴰⵣⵏⴰⵙⵜ''') neɣ '''Taznat''' (s tifinaɣ: '''ⵜⴰⵣⵏⴰⵜ''') d yiwen n umur seg tutlayin timaziɣin n ugafa. Llan ugar n 6 n yimelyan n yimdanen i yettmeslayen s tutlayin tiznasin, tutlayin-a ṭṭfent tajumma meqqren di tmura n tmazɣa am Umeṛṛuk, Lezzayer, Tuness yakk d Libya. Taznast d yiwet seg kṛad (3) n t... Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 4 Tuber 2021 à 17:28 Imgir Amezruy +4 Tamaziɣt n waṭlas ablidi amiran Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 4 Tuber 2021 à 17:27 Imgir Amezruy 0 Tamaziɣt n waṭlas ablidi Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 4 Tuber 2021 à 17:27 Imgir Amezruy +2 Tamaziɣt n waṭlas ablidi Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 4 Tuber 2021 à 17:26 Imgir Amezruy 0 Tamaziɣt n waṭlas ablidi Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 4 Tuber 2021 à 17:26 Imgir Amezruy +137 Tamaziɣt n waṭlas ablidi Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 4 Tuber 2021 à 17:24 Imgir Amezruy +9 Tamaziɣt n waṭlas ablidi Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 4 Tuber 2021 à 12:56 Imgir Amezruy +34 Taseɣrucnit amiran Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 4 Tuber 2021 à 12:56 Imgir Amezruy 0 Taseɣrucnit Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée
- 4 Tuber 2021 à 12:53 Imgir Amezruy +54 Taseɣrucnit Ticraḍ : Taẓrigt s uziraz Taẓrigt s Web aziraz Modification sur mobile avancée


text:
4 tuber
Ass 4 tuber d ass wis 277 n useggas (wis 278 deg iseggasen bisekstil). Llan 88 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas.
Tidyanin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Timiḍi wis 21[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- 2014
- akabar n tanmegla pro-Poutine n irusiswalen iliṭṭuniyen Saskaņa n umɣiwan n Riga Nils Ušakovs yuwḍeḍ d amezwaru s aqeṛṛu amecṭuḥ ar tifernin timsuḍaf di Liṭṭunya. Ɣas akken yerrbeḥ, tamsisit tanaffaɣt n alemmas-ayeffus n Taneɣlaf tamezwarut Laimdota Straujuma, yessuddesen s akabar Tigget, s Tamsisit taɣelnawt, s Tadukli n izegzawen d ifellaḥen, ad teqqim deg udabu. Yuɣ lḥal, tejmaɛeḍ 61 n 100 ikersiyen.
- ar 19 tuber : Amaḍlan n takeṛṛust n Paris.


text:
« D taɣleft n Mass Aselway n Tegduda, i yes-s ttwaḥebsent tmuriyin n uneɣlaf n Umesni, Mass Lazhar Hani », i neɣra deg ulɣu-a.
« Yettwaddem uɣtas-a seg tettwanmeqqen yiwet n temzelt n waǧaw i tkebbanit taɣelnawt Azwu Azzayri akken ad tawi ifarisen n wučči yettilin deg usafag, aya yeḍra-d war ma yettwasiḍen wattal ideg tella tdamsa taɣelnawt akked yiwellihel n tiẓraf n usefrek ameẓlan n yidrimen akked tikci n tuzwirt i ufares aɣelnaw », i d-yesseddi uɣbalu-nni.
Aselway Anemhal amatu n tkebbanit n Azwu n Lezzayer akked umasay n yifarisen n wučči n ula d nitni ttwaksen seg twuriyin-nsen, akka i d-icar ulɣu.
Mass Farouk Chiali, aneɣlaf n Yimuhal Inagduden yettwakellef s leɛḍil akken ad yeṭṭef aɣlif n Umesni, ɣef wakken i d-yenna uɣbalu-nni.


text:
Ussan n taddart deg tallit n Web
Da Ḥemmu, ṭamen n udrum n Iḥiducen, ɣas akken zrin fell-as 65 n iseggasen, yettban am ilemẓi. Yeṛwa aman n temẓin. Ilul deg 20 yebrir 1952 ihi dɣa yettzuxxu s wazemz-is (date) n tlalit-is. Yeqqaṛ-asen i yilmeẓyen n taddart-is, nek d Amaziɣ s wudem amezwer (par défaut). Ɣas akken ugar n uzgen n tudert-is yewwet-itt deg Fṛansa, tutlayt Taqbaylit ur tt-yettu ara. Mačči am wid irezzun ar tmura n umalu tagara-agi. Akken yeqqaṛ Atmani, wa yuɣal d aɛrab, wayeḍ d aṛumi.
Da Ḥemmu, iḥemmel ad d-yeffeɣ ar tejmaɛit yal tameddit. Ibiri deg idis, tafelwit n uselkem (tablette) gar ifassen-is. Deqs i yeɣilen d aselkim aziraz (ordinateur mobile: laptop) ameẓyan. Da ḥemmu yezga yeqqaṛ-asen, ala, tagi qaṛṛen-as tafelwit n uselkem. Tetteddu s yiwen n unagraw n wammud (système d’exploitatoin) isem-is Android. Llant tfelwiyin-nniḍen n Apple qqaren-asent iPAD, acu kan teddunt s unagraw iOS. Da Ḥemmu yezga yessefham deg-sen, acu kan ahbuh. Gullen ur gzan.
Ḥatan ihi, yerna-d Da Lwennas ɣur-s. Da Lwennas, ɣas akken ur yeɣri ara, acu kan igezzu timsal imir imir. Ur tettunefk ara tegnitt ad yeddu ar uɣerbaz am netta am wiyaḍ. Imi yekker-d d agujil deg tallit-nni n tegrawla mgal Fṛansa.
Da Lwennas isel i yilmeẓyen ticki ttmeslayen ɣef ayen icudden ar Internet. Yeẓra d akken d aẓetta i yesdukklen ibenkan (périphériques) n umaḍal meṛṛa. Yeẓra d akken mačči ala iselkimen kan, ula d iṛubuten n yeẓmi (Jus) neɣ timacinin n txeggaṭ zemrent ad qqnent ar uẓeṭṭa-agi agraɣlan. Acu kan, meskin, ur yessin ara ad yaru dɣa yeḥruri aṭas. Tikwal yesḥissif deg iman-is.
Da Lwennas iḥemmel Da Ḥemmu. Cerken tabaḍnit, myekcamen aṭas. Da Ḥemmu seg tama-s, imi yeẓra tamsalt, yal tikelt ara yemlil yid-s, ad s-yesken kra n texbula (astuces) n tuqqna (connexion) ar Internet s useqdec n tfelwit n uselkim din-a deg tejmaɛit. Yemmel-ayas amek ttbeddilen iɣewwaṛen (paramètres) n tutlayt deg kra n yesnasen (applications) akked ifecka (outils). Yemmal-ayas amek ara yessel i yifuyla imeslawen (fichier audio) srid seg usmel Web (site web) war ma yessider-d (télécharger) isefka (donnée) ar tfelwit-is s wudem adigan (localement). Yemmel-ayas amek ara yernu amiḍan i tira n yeznan deg Gmail.
Imi lɛid tetteddu-d, da Lwennas yenna-yas. Acu tenniḍ limer ad nheggi si tura tabdart (liste) n yemdanen ara yawin tunt deg timecreṭ-agi d-iteddun?
Da Ḥemmu yegdeh. Ihi isenker asnas Excel akken ad bdun ad arun ismawen n ixammen n taddart. Yuzen iznan s yimayl i wid iseqdacen allalen atraren. Ma d wiyaḍ ad ten-iwali ticki.
Ar tagara yenṭeq Da LWennas yenna-yas. A Ḥemmu, azekka ad nali ar Uqbu ad tedduḍ yidi, ula d nek ad d-aɣeɣ yiwet n tfelwit n uselkem, imi aseqdec-is mačči d ayen ẓẓayen. Rnu ɣur-s, ad izmireɣ ad inigeɣ sanida bɣiɣ, melmi bɣiɣ.
Akken i yella lḥa. Ddan yemdukal s Aqbu. Uɣen-d tafelwit n uselkem. Yal ass, da Lwennas yettissin ugar. Ilmed ula d tira n tutlayt Taqbaylit. Ass-a yessaweḍ ad isefrek (gérer) ablug (blog) yettmeslayen ɣef yensayen (traditions) n taddart-is s Teqbaylit. Yessaweḍ ad yemlil ula d yemdukal-is iqbuṛen yellan agmaḍ akin deg Tizi Wezzu akked Tubirett.
Yal tameddit, Da Ḥemmu akked Da Lwennas, ad d-ffɣen ar tejmaɛit s tfelwiyin n uselkem gar ifasen, ad qqimen ad ttarun deg iblugen-nsen ɣef temsal icudden ar Teqbaylit tatrart deg ifecka imaynuten.
Taqbaylit n uzekka
Muhend Belqasem


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Seg temzi-ines deg taddart Iɣil ali ɣer tnekraft ideg d-yufa iman-is d ameḥbus ameẓyan deg yineḍruyen n Mayyu 81 ar ass-a anida yella d aselmad deg usuddu unnig n usileɣ n Bgayet, mass Aggoune Mokrane yesɛa tarmit meqqren deg yinurar yemxalafen n umennuɣ ɣef tlelli akked yizerfan n umdan. D ameɣnas yumnen s usenfar n tugdut, d ameɣnas n yidles ideg i d-yettban leqdic-is izaden. Timmeɣnest-ines, tufrar-d imi ugten yiḥricen ideg yeqdec: Izerfan n umdan, tasertit, tudert di tmetti, tamagit akked yidles, wigi yakk d inurar ideg yettnaḍaḥ war facal. D ameɣnas n tama tazelmaḍt, ittekka di tesmilin tiɣelnawin deg useggas n 1989, d yiwen seg yiɛeggalen i d-yeslulen Tiddukkla Taous Amrouche di taddart Iɣil Ali. Mass Aggoune, iqeddec aṭas deg unnar adelsan s timmad-is d azeffan, d amsali deg umezgun.
Ciṭ kan seg waṭas n wayen yexdem Mass Aggoune ad nwali d akken d ameɣnas ur nessin ɛeggu, ur nessin akukru. Ittekka deg wacḥal n yisenfaren yesedduyen timetti deg ubrid n talwit akked tugdut. Tettunefk-aɣ tegnit s wannuz akken ad nesqerdec kra n temsal icudden s inurar i ɣer yenfel di leqdic-ines: Amussu amaziɣ deg yiseggasen n 80, ineḍruyen n 88 ideg i d-tella ciṭ n tlelli n umeslay akked tlallit n yikabaren n tsertit, tallit n rrebrab deg yiseggasen n 90 di ṭṭrad aɣrim, ineḍruyen n tefsut taberkant di tmurt n leqbayel…Deg tdiwennit i as-nga, yemmeslay-ɣef umecwar-is akked temsal-nniḍen.
Tanemmirt imi tqebleḍ leɛraḍa-nneɣ. Di tazwara nebɣa ad ak-d-nini neɣɣar akk ayen tettaruḍ deg uẓeṭṭa n internet, d ayen igerrzen. Deg yiwen uḍris seg yineggur-a i turiḍ, tezziḍ-d awal ɣef « Umenzu n tefsut » i tqublem akk s twacult di tmurt, di taddart Iɣil Ali, deg yidurar n les Bibans. Ma tzemreḍ ad aɣ d-tiniḍ kra n wawal ɣef umagger n tefsut ɣur-wen?
Mokrane Aggoune: Amenzu n tefsut nesfuggul-it si zik n zik deg temnaḍt-nneɣ. D yiwet n tmeɣra s wazal-is. Akken i t-uriɣ ass n 27 furar iɛeddan « Adriz-agi yekka-d si tallit taqburt. D ass i nesfuggul akken llan wansayen i d aɣ-d-ǧǧan lejdud-nneɣ, deg wayen yaɛnan aɛawed n tallit n ugama uɣur tcudd tudert n umdan. »
Yettban d akken d awezɣi ad negzem iciddan gar-aneɣ akked yidurar-nneɣ ! Ussan-agi i tesɛeddaḍ gar wayla-k deg wakal n yimawlan-ik d ayen ara yeǧǧen assaɣ-nni yellan gar yiziɣer (rruḥ) akked tfekka n umdan ad sswen iẓuran akken ur ttɣaren ara ? Uqbel ad nsel i tririt-ik, neẓra d akken turin-ik ḥwaǧent nnesma-nni akked uzwu-nni i d-iteddun akked tiṭ iḍallen ɣef tallaṭ n Summam. Maca ass-a nebɣa ad nẓer amek d-yedda ugrud-nni i telliḍ zik imi wid i ak-yesnen, d imeddukkal-ik, qqaren-d belli si zik telliḍ ur tessineḍ ara aḥezzeb akked ukukru. Si zik tesɛiḍ tabɣest, rnu tḥerceḍ. Nezmer ad ak-d-nesmekti kra n yimukan akked kra n yineḍruyen ara kk-d-yesmektin kra n tedyanin asmi telliḍ meẓẓiyeḍ: Axxam n Tzayert ideg i d-tluleḍ, i d-yusan nnig tejmaɛt n wadda, tamettan n yemma-k, ṛṛḥil ɣer uxxam-nniḍen yellan ddaw n tejmaɛit n ufella, lebni n uxxam-nwen ajdid deg Tifrawin, ussan imezwura ideg tkeccmeḍ ɣer tneɣrit n « Lemdarsa », iseggasen tesɛeddaḍ deg uɣerbaz amezwaru Ben Badis, wid tesɛeddaḍ deg uɣerbaz alemmas Jean Amrouche, tarbaɛt-nwen tamezwarut n uẓawan anida tḥefḍeḍ derbuka, ṣṣyada n yimerga, lqeḍ (Aḥawec) n uzemmur, Addal n takurt uḍar gar yiderma…Llan ahat ugar n yimektiyen, ama d wid yessefṛaḥen ama d win yesnuɣnuyen di tudert-ik. Ales-aɣ-d ciṭ ɣef temẓi-k s telqay n cfawat-ik. Amek ur teshil ara tudert, maca akken yebɣu yili lḥal tqubleḍ-tt s tebɣest, s usirem, akked lebɣi?
Yettban d akken teswejdeḍ-d akken ilaq iman-ik i tdiwennit-agi, Ha-t-an teḥkiḍ-d akk tudert-iw, tessuliḍ-d akk iḥulfan-iw (s teḍṣa), llant ula d kra n tɣawsiwin lliɣ ttuɣtent, neɣ fɣent si cfawat-iw. Temẓi-w ur txulef ara temẓi n tizyaw di tallit-nni. Tudert di tmurt, deg yidurar seld timmunent n Lezzayer akken i tessefraḥ i tesseqraḥ, akken teshel i tewɛer. Deg udrar kullec ixuṣ, D lmizirya. Maca d ayen i aɣ-icerken akken nella, nefṛeq-itt akk gar-aneɣ. Tḥuza-yaɣ akk maca nemjamal-as, nttegga-s tiwizi akken ad tt-nqabel,ad tt-neɣleb, akka i d-tedda tmetti taqbaylit di talli-nni. I wakken ad d-uɣaleɣ ɣer tazwara n useqsi-inek ɣef rezzu ɣer wakal n yimawlan, nekk ɣur-i am win ara iṛuḥen ɣer Lḥiǧ, ɣer ẓyaṛa n saddat.
Tuɣalin ɣer tmurt anida luleɣ akken kan ara sriḥeɣ akkal-nni i yi-d-yefkan, ad mlileɣ ayla-w, ɣas i kra n wakud kan, d ayen yugaren kra yellan ɣas d tudert n menwala. Aya yettak-iyi-d ifadden, yettara-d deg-i ṛṛuḥ, ladɣa mi ara rzuɣ ɣer tzemrin i d-yecfan i yemma-s n ddunit. Rnu ferḥeɣ nezzeh mi ara waliɣ aggawen-iw imecṭaḥ deg wacḥal yid-sen imi ẓriɣ d nitni i d ixulaf n At Mexluf (isem n twacult-iw s teqbaylit)
Tura ad nruḥ ɣer tallit i deg telliḍ di tesnawit El Hammadia di Bgayet, anida i ak-id-tufa ass n 19 mayyu 1981, ass ideg i d-tufiḍ iman-ik di tnekraft, d ameḥbus ameẓyan gar yimeḥbas n Umussu adelsan amaziɣ. Qrib n 40 n yiseggasen ɣef tedyanin-agi yessawalen i tugdut akked yizerfan n umdan, ma tzemreḍ ad aɣ-d-talseḍ amek i tettwaḥebseḍ di lbaṭel d wamek akk i d-llan ineḍruyen-nni?
Di tazwara, tanemmirt imi i yi-tefkiḍ tagnit ad d-heḍreɣ ɣef wayen yeḍran di Bgayet deg useggas n 1981. D ineḍruyen yecban wid yeḍran di yebrir 1980 di Tizi Uzzu. Maca nesḥissif mi ara nettwali ittezi kan wawal ɣef wid n 1980 di Tizi Uzzu, ma d wid n 1981 di Bgayet ulac awal fell-asen. Ayen yeḍran di Tizi Uzzu 1980 akked wayen yeḍran di Bgayet 1981, di snat n temdinin timeqranin n tmurt n Leqbayel i tudert n tmaziɣt, d ayen yessawḍen tiɣri ɣer temnaḍin yemxalafen n tmurt n Lezzayer, ugar ɣer tmazɣa sumata, si Siwa di Maṣer alamma d Tigzirin Tiknariyin. Ma llan kra n yiḍrisen yettwarun ɣef yebrir n 80 (ulamma tuget deg-sen d win imeɣnasen yellan deg yikabaren, ayen ara ten-yeǧǧen ad mmalen ɣer kra n tama), ar ass-a ur d-yelli ara ula d yiwen n leqdic ɣef wayen yeḍran di 81 di Bgayet. Ulamma neẓra belli ineḍruyen-agi di sin d nutni i d lsas iɣef ṛeṣṣant tikta tisertanin n tallit tamirant di tmurt n Lezzayer.
Ḥku-yaɣ-d s ttbut ayen yeḍran ass n 19 mayyu 1981 di Bgayet ?
Ayen yeḍran ass n 19 mayyu di Bgayet, d ttbut n telqayt n wayen yeḍrandiTiziaseggas uqbel. Yella-d yiwen unejmuɛ aɣerfan i d-heyyan inelmaden n tesnawit ideg ttekkaɣ. Llan-d ɣer tama-nneɣ kra n yiselmaden. Seld rnan-d ɣer-neɣ ama d ixeddamen ama d ikumerṣiyen ama d imdanen-nniḍen. Yuɣal d luluf n lɣaci i d-yennejmaɛen. Ɣas akken yella-d lḥerṣ sɣur imṣulṭa, tikliwin ddant seg snat n tisnawiyin (Hammadia akked Iḥeddaden) yellan di temdint n Bgayet. Timlilit tella-d deg lkarfur n la cité CNS Zone industrielle. Iberdan akk ččuren, tikli tedda di talwit maca iɣallen n « laman » xedmen lebɣi-nsen. D ayen i d-yessekren lɣiḍ ɣer yimdanen yerran ɣef yiman-sen. Ɣelqen iberdan, seld yekker ccwal akked yimsulta.
Akken acḥal n wussan, cwal yettkemil di temdint n Bgayet akked d temnaḍin akk n Summam, am Sedduk anida ilmeẓyen kecmen ɣer lǧameɛ refden les Haut parleurs akken ad ssiwlen i yimezdaɣ ad d-kren, ad d-ffɣen s iberdan. Ilaq Ad teẓreḍ d akken di tallit-nni, ur yeshil ara, Yers-d rrehb ɣef tmurt. Imsulta n tsertit iwumi qqaren la SM, ɛussen kullec, xeddmen lebɣi-nses s lebɣeḍ di tmetti. D amedya kan: ma ufan ɣer yiwen un tract, ad d-yesɛeddi 5 n yiseggasen n lḥebs, imesbaniyen ugar, ma d imḍebbren n tmesbaniyin yezmer ad ḥekkmen fell-asen s lmut. Ad d-alseɣ akka kra n yiferdisen (éléments) igejdanen yellan d sebba n tnekra-yagi:
* Yal 19 mayyu, nesfuggul deg Bgayet ineḍruyen n 1956 anida i d-yessawel l’UGEMA ɣer taggant (grève) d uneḥbus ɣef leqraya akken inelmaden akked yisdawanen ad kecmen annar n tegrawla mgal amnekcam. Ulamma tusa-yi-d ẓẓayet tunṭiqt-nni « M » n UGEMA; Bgayet tecfa-d i wayen yeḍran deg wass yecban ass–nni:
– Yiwen unelmad (Brahim) n uɣerbaz alemmas (Ibn Sina tura), serɣen-t d amuddir deg taddart-is n Toudja, wagi yella-d uqbel asiwel ɣer taggant. Aya d yiwet si sebbat yeǧǧan At Bgayet ad rren tiɣri i usiwel n l’UGEMA.
– Ugar n 100 n yinelmaden, d icawraren, d inubiyen i yerran i teɣri, tuget deg-sen mmuten d imeɣrasen….
I waya tanekra n 19 mayyu 1981, tedda deg ubrid n umennuɣ n yimezwura-nneɣ i d-yekren mgal tamḥeqranit ur nesɛi isem. Ilaq kan amdan ad tt-iqabel ayen yebɣun yeḍru !
* Si Tallit-nni ar timunnent n tmurt, ar ass-a, tamnaḍt n Bgayet di leɛmer tebra i umennuɣ ama ɣef yidles, ama ɣef tmagit-nneɣ. Tamagit n umdan mačči deg yiccer n lkaɣeḍ ara tt-yidir, ula d lxetyer n tdiyanit neɣ war tadiyanit d lxetyar n yiman gar-as d bab-is kan. Ur nelli ara d Aɛraben. Nekni d Imaziɣen, nebɣa ad nidir d ilelliyen n tefrit (conscience), ula si tama n tdiyanit. Amennuɣ ɣef tmagit-nneɣ akked yizerfan-nneɣ d isuturen igejdanen di tnekra n 19 mayyu 1981.
* Ayen yeḍran di 1980 di Tizi Uzzu iḥuẓa-aɣ. Di Bgayet nettheyyi-d timesbaniyin yal ass akken ad d-nbeyyen belli aql-aɣ ɣer tama-nsen. Tidyanin n 19 mayyu 1981, llant-d deg ubrid akked lǧerra n umezruy n tallit n umussu amaziɣ.
* Iṣenfaren di Bgayet ḥebsen irkelli, yal aḥric ad tafeḍ deg-s lexṣas ladɣa wid n lebni, ama n yixxamen, ama n yiɣerbazen d wayen-nniḍen. Deg useggas n 1981 nufa-d iman-nneɣ neqqar di tneɣriyin ideg ttillin ugar n 50 n yinelmaden. Ugar deg-neɣ deg yiɣerbazen i neggan (interne) imi tuget deg-neɣ seg yidurar akk i d-nettader. Di tallit-nni, nella nettargu ad aɣ-bnun tasdawit am tin n Tizi Uzzu.
* Teffeɣ-d yiwet n diɛaya ( wissen ma d tidet neɣ d tikerkas) i d-yeqqaren belli adabu ur yebɣi ara snat n tesdawiyin di tmurt n leqbayel. Ayen yeḍran di tin n Tizi Uzzu, yeǧǧa-asen-d ccwami. Nesla belli bɣan ad beddlen adeg i uṣenfar-agi n tesdawit, ad tt-kksen i Bgayet, ad tawin ar Ǧiǧel: D ayen yesluɣen taswiɛt, d ayen iwumi ur nezmir ad nessusem…
Acḥal n tsuta i irefden amennuɣ ɣef tmaziɣt, acḥal yettwaḥebsen, acḥal yemmuten, acḥal inuḍḥen. Ass n wass-a amek tettwalit tamaɣant (bilan) n wacḥal d aseggas n umennuɣ ɣef temsalt n tutlayt d yidles amaziɣ?
Akken t-id-nniɣ uqbel; Amennuɣ ɣef tmaziɣt d win i d lsas iɣef yebna umennuɣ ɣef tugdut di tmurt n Lezzayer.
Yesteqsa-t Hakim Allouche
Tasuqqilt ɣer Tmaziɣt : Hamid Bilek


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Taninnayt
Taninnayt (Assaɣ ussnan: Falco naumanni) d aseflay meẓẓiyen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tseflay, yettemyarew deg yidgan yezzin i yilel agrakal d wneẓul alemmas n Asya ar Cinwa d Mangulya, Yettgaǧǧa deg tegrest ar Tefriqt
Amgarad gar n tninnayt d tninna[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Amgarad gar n tninnayt d tninna d akken awtem n tninnayt azagur-is d aras amsulles war tiẓunin s umgarad n tninna ilan (yesɛan) azagur s tẓunin maca deg sin udem-nsen d azunɣid
Maca yemray (yewɛer) usemgirred gar n twetmin n snat n telmas acku di snat lant azagur yeẓẓunin


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Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison d aseɣnaw (inventeur) amarikani. Ilul di Milan (Ohio) ass n 11 Furar 1847, immut ass n 18 Tuber 1931 di West Orange (New Jersey), yeɣra 03 wayyuren kan deg uɣerbaz. Tuɣ fell-as 12 isseggwasen di ticett-is, assmi illa iznuzu iɣmisen, mi ittxemmim ɣef tmacinin timikanikiyin d trisiti.
Deg usseggwas n 1862, isbedd aɣmis amuqran Trunk Herald, i d-iteffɣen yal amalas (smana). Edison, assmi id-issukkes yiwen uqcic gar ifassen n laxart, tella-d ɣur-es tissas d udem ar medden macci drus. Ladɣa Edison, deg wakud I deg istufa ittara lemdad-is ar tussna n imiren u ilmed Tiligraf s yiman-is. Aseɣnew-ines amezwaru d télégraphe duplex.
Deg usseggwas n 1876, aseɣnew-ines inza s waṭas, Edison issas-ed idrimen s wid I d-ibna isnidi-ines (laboratoire). Edison, isnulfa-d daɣen microphone. Deg usseggwas 1877, Edison ikfa afunugraf ittaṭṭafen imesli. Sakin, sin issegwassen d assawen, isnulfa-d taftilt (tampult) n trisiti. Deg usseggwas 1882, tekcem tafat ɣer ixxamen di New York I tikkelt tamenzut u flalin izenqa ines. Deg usseggwas 1887, Edison issemɣwer isnidi-ines u dɣa iqqim di West Orange di New Jersey. Deg usseggwas 1888, isnulfa-d Kinétoscope, tamacint tamezwarut n tugniwin ittembewwilen, dɣa din iẓẓa I tikkelt tamenzut ayen yuɣalen kra issegwassen syin d isura, d tiliẓritt neɣ d ssalima akw ya. Edison ɣur-es azal n 1000 (tawinast) d aseɣnew neɣ ugar, gar-asen:
- Adɣaɣ (Batterie) - Tamacint n ucraw (La machine à ronéotyper)


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Etude de l’emprunt, du calque et de la néologie dans quelques bulletins météorologiques des radios (Chaîne II et Soummam) et la télévision Chaîne 4.
Date2016-10
Author
Mouhaouche, Siham
Nait benali, Meriem
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Abstract
Tutlayt tamaziɣt d yiwet ger drus n tutlayin tiqburin i d-yeqqimen ar ass-a, zik tella kan deg yimi, ama s tmucuha i d-sawalen neɣ isefra d yenzan, maca tura tezger i timawit tuɣal tettwaru am netta-t am tutlayin nniḍen. Sselmaden-tt deg ɣarbazen, ttefɣen-d yidlisen s tmaziɣt, tura nettafi-tt ula deg yiɣmisen ama d wid i d-ttawin s yimi ama d wid i ttarun. Dacu kan mazal ar tura ur teqɛid ara mazal ur tesɛi ara amkan deg tɣamsa n lezzayer ɣef waya i ṭuqten wuguren ɣef waya daɣen imsefliden uɣalen ur fehmen ara dacu i d-tt-meslayen ineɣmasen. Uguren-agi banend asmi tekcem tmaziɣt ɣer taywalt (tiliẓri akked d radyu), ineɣmasen ufan-d kan lexṣaṣ deg umawal n taqbaylit dɣa ara d-ttawin awalen si tutlayin nniḍen ama si taɛrabt neɣ si tefransist, ayen i wumi neqqar « ireṭṭalen », snulfuyen-d awalen imaynuten « tasnulfawalt » rnu ɣer waya xedmen ula d tasuqilt, suqulen-d tifyar akken llan-t ayen i wumi neqqar « arwas ». Ihi daya i d-aɣ-yeǧǧan ad nexdem tazrawt ɣef tazrirt n snat n tutlayin taɛrabt akked d tefransist ɣef tutlayt n tmaziɣt (taqbaylit), nga tazrawt i yeḍrisen n liḥala n tegnawt deg radyu tis snat, radyu sommam d umaṭaf n tiliẓri taɣenawt tis ṛebɛa (TV4). Iswi nteɣ deg uxeddim-agi aneɛreḍ aneg tazrawt i wawalen imaynuten, ireṭṭalen d warwasen id-nufa deg wamud-nneɣ. Amud-agi nneɣ d askles n tesɛa yeḍrisen s tultalayt taqbaylit i yal amaṭaf. Amahil-tneɣ yebḍa ɣef tlata yixfawen, ixef amezwaru newwi-d awal ɣef tusnulfawalt, ixef wis sin nemeslay-d ɣef ireṭṭalen si tutlayt n taɛrabt akked d tafransist ma d ixef aneggaru ɣef warwas asnilsay. ixef amenzu : tasnulfawalt (awalen imaynuten) Tasnulfawalt : d sunulfu n wawalen imaynuten, neɣ ad yili wawal yella deg tutlayt ad as-n-fek anamek ajdid. Tasnulfawalt tesɛa sin leṣnaf : tasnulfawalt n talɣa akked tasnulfawalt n unamek. Tasnulfawalt s talɣa : tettalaɣ s usuddem d usuddes. · Asuddem :tettalaɣ s tmerna n yewṣilen ama d azwir ama d adfir. MD : fsen tifesniwin Seddar tiseddarin · Asuddes : d asdukel n sin wawalen llan sin leṣnaf Asuddes s usenṭeḍ : d asdukel n sin wawalen mebla tanzaɣt « n » MD : igrakal→ ger + akal tiliẓri → tili+ ẓer ddaw warun → ddaw+ warun Asuddes s usdukel : d asdukel n sin wawalen s tenzaɣt « n » MD :Udem n tṣebḥit → udem + n + taṣebḥit Taggara n dduṛt → taggara + n + dduṛt Tazwara n dduṛt →tazwara + n + dduṛt Ixef wis sin : areṭṭal asnilsay Areṭṭal : d awal ajenṭaḍ i d-ttawi tutlayt s ɣur tutlayin nniḍen akken ad teččar ilem neɣ lexṣaṣ-nni yellan deg tutlayt. Deg tazrawt-agi nteɣ newwi-d awal ɣef sin kan leṣnaf n yimerḍilen wid i d-yekkan si taɛrabt d wid i d-yekkan si tefransist acku d wigi i yeṭṭuqten. · Ireṭṭalen i d-yekkan si taɛrabt : llan s tuget nettafi-ten deg akk taɣulin n usenfali (ttrebga, ddin,tasertit…) MD : lweqt, lxir, swaḥel, liḥala, tamdint, lebḥar… · Ireṭṭalen i d-yekkan si tefransist : wigi ur ṭuqten mliḥ am wid n taɛrabt, nettafi-ten deg wayen yarzan tatiknuluǧit akked d tedbelt. MD : srabes, bulta, tilibizyu, satilit… Deg uxeddim-agi nteɣ nufa-d ineɣmasen ttawin-d ireṭṭalen si taɛrabt d tefransist yerna awalen-agi llan di tutlayt taqbaylit. MD : Humidité → nda Météo → tignawt Lweqt → akud lehna → Talwit Mselxir → Azul Nemeslay-d daɣen ɣef imerḍilen i ikecmen deg taqbaylit, wid ikecmen cwiṭ kan d wid ur nekcim ara akk. · Ireṭṭalen i ikecmen deg taqbaylit: ireṭṭalen-agi kecmen ɣer teqbaylit yerna yella-d ubeddel nsen ama deg talɣa ama deg temsislit. MD : srabes, mselxiṛ, ncallah · Ireṭṭalen i ikecmen cwiṭ deg taqbaylit : ur beddlen ara akk, abeddel yella-d kan deg temsislit. MD : seṭṭac, ɛlaḥsab, ɛlayen · Ireṭṭalen ur nekcim ara ɣer taqbaylit : ireṭṭalen-agi akken llan i llan ulac abeddel fellasen ama di talɣa ama deg temsislit. MD : bulletin, météo, les Hauts-plateaux, les Aurès. Ixef wis tlata : arwas asnilsay Arwas asnalisi: d asuqel n tanfaliyin akken llant deg tutlayt tanaṣlit ɣer tutlayt nniḍen. Llan leṣnaf n warwasen ad d-nebdar kra deg-sen. · Arwas asnamkan : d tikci n unamek amynut i wawal yesɛan yakan anamek anṣli di tutlayt. MD : udem n ṣbaḥ, anamek ines anaṣli d udem, anamek ines amaynut tazwara. Yella cwiṭ n usigna walakin d anẓad ɣer wayeḍ, anamek anaṣli d anẓad u cekkuḥ, anamek ines amaynut cwiṭ. · Arwas n tanfalit : d tasuqilt n wawal ɣer wawal, akken tella tenfalit ad tt-id-ssuqlen akken. MD : Lewḍiyat ɛlayen → elhiḍab elɛulya Taggara n dduṛt igarzen → bon fin de semaine Ddaw n yilem → moin zéro · Arwas n talɣa : ad ten-naf s telɣa tuddist s sin wawalen neɣ ugar, gar-asen tanzaɣt « n ». MD : Tiseddarin n lḥamu Tagara n tewṛiqt Lǧiha n wunẓul Iɣallen n daxel Tama n swaḥel Lqider n lumiditi Ɣer taggara n tezrawt-agi nteɣ nefka-d igemmaḍ ama i tesnulfawalt, awal amerḍil d warwas asnilisi, nufa-d daɣen tella tazrirt n snat n tutlayin taɛrabt d tefransist ɣef tutlayt n teqbaylit.


text:
Lqnḍrt
Tga Lqnḍrt yat tmdint illan tama n Rrbaḍ
Asnmkta[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ar ittini usiḍn lli ittyuskar ɣ usggʷas n 2014 mas d[1]:
Aslmd[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Tigmiḍi n taqubbanit (middn lli ur ssin ad aqran wala ad ttaran) : 18,9%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli iɣran ar usinan n usmdi nɣd uggar : 28,6%
Tadamsa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli llan ɣ isggasn nnsn n twuri : 50%
- Tigmiḍi n tarwuri (middn lli ur ṭṭafn tawuri) : 20,9%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin dar lmxzn (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 18,6%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin ɣ uslig (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 50,9%


text:
S tmeccarcut jar Tmesmunt n Taziri (Tsaft) d tmesmunt n umeẓẓyan i umezgun di Nnaḍur. Tettwagg ij n tmezgunt qqaren-as « awal n llilet » deg ussan-a i yeedan di Taddart n Iḥudriyen di Qasita. Amsagar-a i tegga Taziri, d amsagar amezwaru yettwaggen di jjihet-a zegga wcin ttesriḥ i ixxamen-a n tussna awerni i Kuruna.
Tamezgunt-a i yirar Yasin Buqrab d Ԑebdellah Anas, tettirar x tnayen n yiwdan di llilet n ukrismas, ssensen nitni ttmenɣan, ttemseysin jar-asen, maca jjwar-nnsen i izeddɣen s-nnej nnsen ttuɣa ceṭṭḥen, ḍeḥḥken. Bnadem amezwaru ad iɣres merra tiwriqin i di ttuɣa ixes ad ibda tira-nnes eecra iseggsa zi mani. Ma wenni wis tnayen la d netta ad icarregg merra ttmenyat-nnes i yeyru di lxedmet n eecra iseggusa. Deg umeggaru, bnadem-a wis tnayen ixes ad ineɣ ixef-nnes maca wer iwwiḍ.
Aḍris-a i dd-yeksi Ԑebdellah Anas zeg umari Sławomir Mrożek umi yegga netta « imetlae ». Ieawed dag-s x lweqt n umenɣi asemmaḍ (Cold war) x ijjen tnayen n yiwdan am yenni n « Godot » maca di tidet, tettekk x-asen nican. Nitni usin-d zi tmurt d icten, ɣer-sen passapurti-nnsen, urid d imetlae nqeḍwen zzag-sen iseɣwan, maca waxxa amenni kul ijjen zzag-sen man-t amaḍal i di yetteic. Ijjen yeɣra, issen maca yeqḍee layas. Wenniḍen d axeddam, irezzu ad yerber maḥnd ad yedwel ɣer tmurt-nnes ad ibna ijjen taddart i lwacun-nnes. Nitni d ijjen tnayen n imenneeraq, i yetleen s bezzez zi tmurt-nnsen, rezzun x laman, ttexsen ad jemeen ttmenyat.
Tamezgunt-a tettirar deg ij n lakab s wadday. Jer n midden i yellan s nnej ḍeḥḥlen d inni i yellan s wadday tettekk x-asen tezli.
Aḍris-a amek nenna, yeksi-t-id Ԑebdellah Anas zeg weḍrid n Sławomir Mrożek, asufeɣ n Yasin Buqrab. Isegbaren nitni d Ԑebdellah Anas d Yasin Buqrab. Sinugrafiya n Yasin Buqrab, ddikur n Saeid Qadiri, arruḍ n Asma Aderɣal. Tfawt d tmuzikt n Ԑebdellah Ԑeddwi. Asays n Muḥemmed Lamin Welqaḍi. Aksiswar n ilyas Buzeggu, amawas atikni : Zakariya Bu Lqasim. Asugur n ufares d Muḥemmed Aderɣal.


text:
« Zzayer teḍfer abrid n tẓidirt meqqren sdat yigiten aydeg Meṛṛuk terkeḍ tanaya d tdukli-nnes. S waya, nettwali dakken aɣtas am wa (agzam n wassaɣen) yuzen izen iwatan i unabaḍ n Meṛṛuk akken ad yegzu dakken « ur nezmir ara ad nkemmel ad as-nawi », ɣef wakken ay d-yenna uneɣlaf azzayri n iweẓla iwerdaniyen deg yiwet n tdiwennit ay d-iɛeddan ass n usinas.
Yessegza-d, seg yidis niḍen, dakken aɣtas-a yella-d abrid anuɣrim i uḥṛas n Meṛṛuk akken ad teḥbes tiddit-a ay izemren ad tessiweḍ snat-a n tmura ɣer lexṣara.
Mass Lamamra yessemɛen-d daɣ ɣer udhal ay d-yessken unmazal n Meṛṛuk deg Yiɣlanen Yeddukklen, deg Yulyu yezrin, i tegrawt tamẓerbeḍḍut yettnadin, zuna, azarug n Tmurt n Leqbayel, am wakken ay d-yesmekti dakken Zzayer tessuter seg Meṛṛuk ad d-tessegzu addud-nnes, maca werɛad ur d-tettunefk ara.


text:
Agmumes (agṭiṭ)
Agmumes (Assaɣ ussnan: Emberiza calandra) d talmest n yigṭaṭ yeṭṭafaren tawsit n uqelqul azegzaw deg twacult n tqelzegzawin. Zik-nni, talmest-a d tin yellan tufet deg yigran d tuddar, maca tura drusent (neqsent) s waṭas s usrag (s ssebba) n tegmart.
Agmumes itett ibureɣsen mi ara ad yili d afrux meẓẓiyen. Mi ara ad yimɣur itett ifsan am yirden.
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tiddi-ines tla gar 17 ar 18 cm, ma d azarug n wafriwen-is seg 26 alamma d 32 cm. Talmest-a ur d-tteskanay ara tasnalɣiwt tamazzuft.


text:
Leqdic n tiddukla tadelsant Imedyazen ass-a yezmer ad yili
di yal taghawsa tadelsant i deg tella tira s tmazight acku, iswi n tiddukla d tiririt n ccan i usexdem n tutlayt tamazight
ama di tmeslayt ama di tira. Tiddukla-nnegh telha-d s umata d :
-Aselmed n tira n tutlayt tamazight ama di tzeqqa (salle) negh
s tebr'atin. (ugar n yisallen)
-Asedjhed n tmussni n tutlayt tamazight : i lmend n waya, la nesselmad
tasekla tamazight yal ddur't di tzeqqa. (ugar n yisallen)
-Alqad' n tgemmi tatlayt (patrimoine oral), ama d isefra, d inzan,
d timucuha negh d ayen akk ay d-yegran d awal qqaren-t-id wat zik yernu la iteddu i wakken ad yenger, ad yettwattu. Ayen d-nleqqed'
nessuffugh-it-id deg yedlisen (tiktabin) deg umazrar umi nsemma "Tizi n Tira". (ugar n yisallen)
-Asuffegh n yedlisen s tutlayt tamazight : gher tama n Tizi n
Tira (i deg d-nessuffugh ayen ay d-nelqed' seg yimawen n yemgharen-nnegh), nessefray ad d-nessuffegh at'as n yedlisen n uselmed
n tmazight (tarrayin, imawalen, atg.), am wakken llan kra deg-negh la ssefrayen ad d-arun ungalen negh ad d-lhun d tsuqilt
(ast'erjem) n yedlisen yuran s tutlayin nnid'en gher tmazight. (Idlisen-nnegh)
-Asuffegh n Taftilt, tasghunt n tutlayt tamazight n tiddukla n
Yimedyazen : mazal la d-nettheggi i wakken ad d-nerr tasghunt-agi s annar, u nessaram ad tt-id-nerr di tezwara n useggas n
2006, ma yebgha R'ebbi. Taftilt nebgha-tt ad tili d ttawil n usiwed' n yisallen s tutlayt tamazight i deg zemren Yimazighen
ad qqaren isallen ghef kulci s tutlayt-nsen u nessaram dakken ad tili d yiwen si ttawilat ara sen-yessighen tanumi ad qqaren
s tmazight. (Taftilt)
-Asuffegh n yid'ebsiyen uzmid'en (CD) s tutlayt tamazight : tiddukla
n Yimedyazen tessefray ad tesseqdec akk ttawilat yellan ass-a i lmend n uselh'u n tutlayt tamazight. D annect-a ay d agh-yeddjan
ad nxemmem ad d-neg id'ebsiyen uzmid'en i lmend n uselmed n tutlayt ama s temsirin (leçons), ama s wurar. Dgha, aseggas-agi
(2005) ay d-yeffegh yiwen ud'ebsi i deg tettekka tiddukla-nnegh di Fr'ansa, wagi d Urar n Yisekkilen ay d-iga Farid Khaled
s tallalt n Mohand Imazaten. (ad'ebsi)
-Asefrek d trarast* n udeg web : (*mise à jour) adeg n internet
n tiddukla tadelsant Imedyazen d win ay nebgha ad yili d amer'kanti, yernu amur ameqran deg-s ad yili s tmazight kan, imi
d nettat ay d tutlayt i ghef tella tiddukla-nnegh, d nettat i ghef nqeddec, Imedyazen la qeddcen kan i wakken ad d-h'yun tutlayt-nnegh.
Yal ddur't, ma yebgha R'ebbi, ad d-yettili umaynut deg yisebtar-nnegh. Tabrat n Yimedyazen, aghmis-nnegh adelsan n internet
ad t-id-nerr s adeg-nnegh yernu wid-nni yellan h'emmlen ad t-ghren ad zemren ad ughalen ad t-qqaren yal ddur't. Daghen, wid
ay d-irezzun s adeg-nnegh zemren ad d-ttafen deg-s isallen ghef wakk ayen nxeddem di tiddukla d wayen ay d-nessuffugh. Rzut-d
ihi gher udeg-agi. Ans'uf yes-wen !
-Isaragen d temzikniyin : tiddukla tadelsant Imedyazen la tessefray
ad teg isaragen (conférences) d temzikniyin) deg useggas n 2006, ma yebgha R'ebbi. Seg wass n 24 n Nwember' d asawen, tiddukla-nnegh
tughal ad tennejmaâ deg wammas (centre) adelsan n Taleb Abderrahmane, di Ain-Benian (tawilayt n Ldzayer), u nessaram ad nezmer,
deg useggas-agi ara d-ikecmen, ad nessuddes kra temliliyin s wazal-nsent i lmend n uqeddem n leqdic n tiddukla-nnegh i medden
d wesnerni n tutlayt tamazight.
D aya i yes d-telha tutlayt-nnegh s umata, yernu yessefk ad tez'rem dakken tiddukla tadelsant Imedyazen d
tarbaât yexd'an tasertit, tqeddec ghef yedles u ghef yedles kan, s uqader n yimenzayen (principes) n widak ay yettekkan deg-s,
imenzayen n leqder d wazalen n twacult taqbaylit, tazayrit, tamazight. Tarbaât-agi tebgha ad d-tawi tikli zeddigen, ad teddu
deg webrid aqeâdan u ad tefk akk lweqt-is d lmedjhud-is i lmend n lebni n wayen inefâen d wayen ara idumen i tmazight. Wid
yebghan ad ttekkin di tiddukla s timmad-is yessefk ad qadren imenzayen-nnegh, yernu tiddukla ur tqebbel ara ad ttekkin deg-s
negh ad tecrek ssuq akk d widak ara tt-yeskerkren s ayen ixulfen imenzayen-is.


text:
Ɛebdelɛaziz Butefliqa
Ɛebdelɛaziz Butefliqa (s teɛrabt عبد العزيز بوتفليقة, s trumit Abd El-Aziz Bouteflika) yella d aselway n Lezzayer seg 1999 ar 2019, ilul ass 2 meɣres 1937 di tmurt n Merruk.
Tawacult-is[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Baba-s n Ɛebdelɛaziz Butefliqa, Aḥmed Butefliqa illul di Tlemsan di 1891 u yemmut ass n 1 dujenbir 1958. Illa meẓẓiy mi yunag ar tmurt n Merruk ar tɣiwant n Wejda. Aḥmed Butefliqa yuɣ-es snat tlawin: Belqayed Rabiɛa d Ɣezlawi Mansuriya, i yellan d yemma-s n Ɛebdelɛaziz Butefliqa. Tella tesɛa yiwen n Ḥemmam di Wejda.
Ɛebdelɛaziz Butefliqa illa d amenzu ger kuẓ (4) wayetma-s sɣur yemma-s. Wigi d Ɛebdelɣani (1940), Musṭafa (1953), Laṭifa (1955), Ɛabderraḥim (1956), d Saɛid Butefliqa (1958). Lameɛna yesɛa daɣen kraḍ (3) yessetma-s sɣur baba-s, ar tmeṭṭut tis snat Belqayed Rabiɛa. Tiki d Faṭima (1934), Yamina (1938), d Ɛica (1941).
Di ɣucṭ 1990, yezwej i tikkelt tamezwarut akk d Amal Triki, yelli-s n Yaḥya Triki, i yellan yiwen u 'diplomate' aqbur di tmurt n Maṣer. Amal Triki tettidir di 'Paris', ur tesɛa ara derya akk d Ɛebdelɛaziz Butefliqa.
ALN[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ɛebdelɛaziz Butefliqa yeɣra di tesnawit Abdelmumen di Wejda alama d aseggas aneggaru n 'Baccalauréat' di 1956. Isyin ikcem ar ALN di Wejda ɣas akken urǧin yerfed sslaḥ di Dzayer neɣ innuɣ mgal i franṣiyen imnekcam.
Aneɣlaf seg 1962 ar 1978[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Asmi ifra traḍ, tewwi-d tmurt asarug-is, Ɛebdelɛaziz Butefliqa ikcem-d si tlisa n Merruk u yuɣal d aneɣlaf n ilmezyen d waddal deg udabu n Amed Ben Bella. Asmi i yezzi udabu ar tama n Hewwari Bumedyen di 19 Yunyu 1965, yuɣal Ɛebdelɛaziz Butefliqa d aneɣlaf n temsal n berra alama d lmut n Hewwari Bumedyen di 1978.
Seg 1978 ar 1999[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Isyin Ɛebdelɛaziz Butefliqa yesɛeda azal n 20 iseggasen d iminig deg kra n tmura am Swis, Franṣa d Tageldunt n Waɛraben Iduklen anda ixdem ar ugellid-is Ccix Zayed Ben Sulṭan Al Nahyan n imiren. Lameɛna yettruḥu yettuɣal ger timura yagi d Dzayer, la yettraju ass melmi ara d-yuɣal ar udabu.
Di 22 dujenbir 1981 Ɛebdelɛaziz Butefliqa iɛedda di ccreɛ af takarḍa n tedrimt, azal n 6 imelyaren n suntim, asmi yella d aneɣlaf n Huwwari Bumedyen ger 1965-1978. D aselway Cadli Benjdid i t-ismenɛen imi ur isɛda ara lḥebs. D Senusi d Bujakji i yellan xedmen yid-es i kruḥen d asfel n temsalt agi n takarḍa n tedrimt, imi d nitni i sɛeddan lḥebs di Lezzayer tamanaɣt.
Aselway seg 1999 ar 2004[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Yuli d aselway tikkelt tamezwarut di 15 ybrir 1999. Llan i iqqraen belli s lemɛiwna n iserdasen (lɛesker) n Dzayer. I wannecta imrecḥin nniḍen i sddis (6) deg-sen am Ḥusin At Aḥmed, jebdent iman-nsent di tefrant n tselwit n 1999.
G tasgagt-agi teḍra tafsut Taberkant n 2001, iǧadarmiyen nɣan 126 imdanen g tmurt n leqbayel.
Aselway seg 2004 ar 2008[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Di 8 yebrir 2004, tuɣal daɣen d tasellawt i tikkelt nniḍen s wazal n 85% n leṣwat ɣas ulamma llan 6 imrecḥin, gar-asen Saɛid Seɛdi. Llan i iqqraen belli dima s lemɛiwna n iserdasen d servisat ibaḍniwen,
Tamselyut, Iseddagen & Izdayen Iberraniyen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Muḥemmed Benciku, Bouteflika, une imposture algérienne, Le Matin, 2003


text:
Wp/shi/A (Askkil)
A nɣ Ya (s tfinaɣ : ⴰ) iga askkil amzwaru n ugmmay amaziɣ ig askkil amzwaru ula g ugmmay alatin. Askkil ad illa g tugt n tutlayyin, zund ukan: Tutlayin tilatiniyyin, tutlayyin tijirmaniyyin, tutlayyin tisiriliyyin (Rusya, Ukranya ...), tutlayt taṭurkit, tugt n tutlayyin illan g Asya (Ttayland, Andunisya ...). Askkil ad iqqbuṛ bahra, macc ɣassad iwrri iga yan uskkil amaḍlan, ɣayan af illa g akk tutlayyin.
Amzruy
Askkil ad ikkad yat tutlayt taqqbuṛt ittyusawwaln g tagzirt nɣ tanzruft n Sina. Tga tutlayt ad aẓuṛ n tugt n tutlayyin illan ɣassad. tlla tutlayt ad g Miṣṛ 3 500 n usggas ayad. Tutlayt ad nit tga illis n tutlayt Tahiruglifit (Tutlayt n ifrɛunen). G uzmz n ifrɛunen, Askkil "A" ar ittyara s twlaft n ixf n tfunast.
Azzigz n uskkil
Askkil "A" ur igi iwis n ɣassa, ula iga iwis n iḍgam, askkil ad iqqbuṛ bahra.
Aseskl n tirra
Askkil A s tutlayyin yaḍnin
Amawal
- Askkil : lettre (fr) / حرف (ar)
- Agmmay : alphabet
- Azzigz / Tazzigzt : Progression
- Aseskl : Caligraphie / Manière d'écriture / Graphie
- Tawnaɣt : schéma


text:
Arrwina tzemmer ad tili deg uxxam-nnek. Mamek tzemmer ad tili di tudert-nnek. Arrwina tzemmer ad tili d aṭṭas nni n ixarrissen i ɣer-k deg uzellif.
Deg ij n ddunit tarewwen. Wer tzemmred ad tesned min cek ittrajan. Lehwayej d imxumbal ttewqiɛen melmi mma, d mani mma. Ddeg-nni ittewqiɛ mɛayna, ijjen wer izemmer ad yessen mani yeggur ccɣel, niɣ ad yessen min dd-yugguren.
Maca Arrwina ɣer-s ij n uceddi imten aked ufizik d tusna n uklima. Iqqen ɣer mamek di ca n isistimen wer tzemmered a x-asen testeḥekmed. Cnaw di tusna n lḥar ujenna.
Imussnawen qqaren illa Arrwina d later ameqran n lehwayej timezyanin, i ittejjan later-nni wer ittwassan min ɣa yeg awerni ij n lweqt. Waxa nessen lehwayej-nni min tteggent awerni ij n lweqt d tamezyant. Di tudert-nneɣ lebda laterat-nni wer x-asen nḥesseb. Maca can imuren, amsedfar-nni n lehwayej-nni timezyanin d weni i daneɣ-dd-ittsaqaran arwina.
Arrwina d Mɛayna?
Imussnawen n isistimen i yemxumblen txarrsen aṭṭas deg umi qqaren „mɛayna“?. Minzi i yemsebda ufus n Arrami x lḥar ujenna? Mayemi wer tzemmared ad tesned min dd- ɣa-yassen deg ujarri n lɛitet. Maca nzemmer a nessen ma ad tili tafukt tiwecca niɣ lla. Waxxa ameni wer nzemmer a nessen ma ad tili simana id yusin.
Remɛaynet axmi ttegged qara-qulu. Axmi ittḥerced ladru ttɛeyyned x 5 deg upatci. Cnaw xmi trajid ad teffeɣ tamcunt ni n grat barra. Wer ttessned min id ɣa yassen, niɣ melmi. Maca Arrwina s min qqaren imussnawen aqqet jar min yellan mɛayna (min yellan we nzemmer a t-nraja) d min umi nzemmer a neg leḥsab (min nzemmer a nraja).
Taṭiyyurit n arwina
Fizik ɣer isḥaq Newton d ijen tjammiɛt n izerfan iḥekkmen ddunit. Izerfan-a aqqa-yen meḥsubin s ijen lehsab ij wer ɣer-s yiwed. Ɣir ad bdan izerfan-nni lxedmet nsent. Nzemmer a nessen min i ɣa-yemsaren. Men kul ha mani ɣer yili, d mani ɣer yili. A naf marra min tuɣa nettraja d min umi ttuɣa negga leḥsab. Maca Theory n arwina teqqar illa waxxa din asistim i tt-yessuyaran meḥsub. Izemmer a daneɣ-yessiwed ɣer arwina. Cḥal mma tuɣa-t iseggem.
Tussna-ya d tenni i yejjin app n Weather [immalen lḥal n ujenna] wer izemmer a dac yini ma deg-s anzar niɣ tafukt simana idyussin. D tenni i yejjin a nessen lehwayej niɣ isistimen i yellan nzemmer a dasen-negg leḥsab d inni yellan wer nzemmer, d tenni i yejjin imussnawen wer ḍḍiyiɛen lweqt ik min wer ɣer yelli lmeɛna.


text:
Ṣaḥariǧ
Ṣaḥariǧ neɣ lemṣara (s tefransist : Saharidj, s taɛrabt : صحاريج), d yiwet n tɣiwant n tmurt n Leqbayel i d-yezgan deg twilayt n Tubiret. Tezga-d ar ugmuḍ n Tubiret s 50.3 Km, 73.1 Km seg unẓul n Tizi Wezzu, 104 Km seg umalu n Bgayet akked 153 Km seg Lezzayer Tamanaɣt , tlul-d deg unegzum adeblan n 1984.
Taɣiwant n Ṣaḥariǧ tettwassen s yimjahden-is i yewwten uzzal ɣef uzarug n Lezzayer, tettwassen daɣen s uzbu-ines mgal taṛemɣa taneslamt (terrorisme islamique) deg umrawsegwas aberkan n 1990 ar 2000, d ayen i t-yeǧǧan tella seg tɣiwanin timezwura i yessutren imrigen (Armes) i udabu akken ad ḥudden taɣiwant-nsen seg yiṛemmaɣen.
Tarakalt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Asideg[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tudrin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- At Ɛli Utmim
- At Ḥemmad
- At Walban
- Ɛeggac
- Ilyiten
- Imezdurar
- Iɣil Ḥemmad
- Ibelbaren
- Iɣzer Iwaqquṛen
- Imri
- Ṣaḥariǧ
- Taddart Lejdid
- Tagemmunt At Laḥbib
Tagnawt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ṣaḥariǧ tezga-d deg yirebbi n wedrar n Ǧerǧer, anda tella tqacuct tunnigt Yemma Xliǧa (Tamguṭ) (2308 m), imezdaɣ n Ṣaḥariǧ qqaren-as Tamguṭ kan.
Tagnawt deg tɣiwant-agi d tin yeḥman deg unebdu, d tasemmaḍt s waṭas n ugeffur deg tegrest.
Amesni (Transport)[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Taɣiwant n Ṣaḥariǧ yezger seg-s ubrid aɣelnaw U°30 i yeqnen Imceddalen ɣer Tizi Wezzu akked ubrid amecṭuḥ U°9 i yeqnen Ṣaḥariǧ ɣer taddart n Sellum deg taɣiwant n Aɣbalu.
Amezruy[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ixef-agi d ilem ...
Tadamsa[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ixef-agi d ilem ...
Tamerrit (Tourisme)[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Taɣiwant n Ṣaḥariǧ tezga-d deg yirebbi n wedrar n Ǧerǧer, dacu i tt-yeǧǧan tesɛa aṭas n yimuḍaq n tmerrit. Gar-asen nezmer ad nadder :
- Tala Rana : D tiẓgi tazegzawt deg wedrar n Ǧerǧer, teččur d iɣbula n waman d tliwa, deg-s mazal ttidiren waṭas n yiɣersiwen izagiren, imɣan d isekla yurzen s ngar.
- Yemma Xliǧa (Tamguṭ) 2308 m : Taqacuct tunnigt deg wedrar n Ǧerǧer.
- Tizi n Kulal (1500 m) : Tezga-d deg talast ger-as d tnebḍit n Tizi Wezzu.
Deg yiseggasen-agi ineggura, ama d tagrest neɣ d anebdu, aṭas n yemdanen d twaculin i d-yettasen seg yal tama ɣer tɣiwant n Ṣaḥariǧ akken ad zṛen imuḍaq-agi n tmerrit, ladɣa widak iḥemlen tawennaṭ d tulin n yidurar.
Muqel daɣen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Yemma Xliǧa (Tamguṭ), taqacuct tunnigt deg udrar n Ǧerǧer.
- Tala Rana.
- Tizi n Kulal (1500 m).


text:
Le culte des saints dans l’imaginaire kabyle (Cas de poésie kabyle)
Date2016
Author
FETTIS, Farida
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
Deg umahil -agi nneɣ nemeslay-d ɣef lawliyat -id yettwabder-en deg tmedyazt taqbaylit . Di tazwara, neɣ deg ixef amenzu nesefhem-d imslayen igejdanen i- ɣef ibed uxeddim nneɣ ,nemeslay-d daɣen ɣef tmedyazt taqbaylit d wid akk yuran fell-as. Ma deg ixef wis sin nemslay-d ɣef lawliyat d wamek i-ten ttwalin di tmetti taqbaylit ,nwala belli imdanen twalin-ten mxalafen ɣef yimdanen niḍen ,dayen i-ten yeǧan tqadaren-ten ,tamnen yisen, saramen kra di lbaraka -nsen, syin akkin nesekfel-d tawuri n lawliyat-agi deg tmedyazt taqbaylit ,nufa-d belli am waken I sɛan azal di tmetti ,i sɛan azal di tmedyazt . Di tagara nesaweḍ ad nefk tiririt i tmukrist nneɣ ,lawliyat sɛan azal d ameqran di tmedyazt taqbaylit,sɛan ddeqs n twuriwin.


text:
Azazer
Azazer (Assaɣ ussnan: Buxus) d tawsit n imɣan imagnulanen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tzazrayt deg tafesna n tzazrin. Tawsit-a d tin deg acu llant wazal n 90 n telmas id yettemɣayen deg yakk imenẓawen adɣa deg yideggan (imukan) isbegsanen d imezzayen. Tilmas-a gant d timeɣalin n tizzegzut (ur sseɣlayent ara iferr) yerna kra deg-sent d tid ilan (yesɛan) tikdi igerrzen s waṭas
Ammasen igejdanen n usemyanaw n tewsit-a ttilin deg Kuba d Ccinwa. Anagar n kra n telmas n Uruppa d Asya i zemren ad zbunt (ad beddent) mgal n wegris d uqerrif. Gar-asent snat n telmas ttemɣayent-d deg Uruppa. Tamezwart d azazer abelyar (Buxus balearica) id yettemɣayen deg Tama n Andalus akken daɣen i ttilint kra trawin deg Tigzirin tibelyaṛin d Sirdinya. Ma d talmest tus snat d tin yellan s tuget isem-is azazer imezdi (Buxus sempervirens) dɣa tettemɣay-d g tlemmast n Uruppa


text:
Awdan
Awdan neɣ Ursel (Assaɣ ussnan: Caracal caracal) d aɣersiw asuṭad amseksum yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tserɣuda, Awdan yettusismel seg tserɣuda meẓẓiyen maca d netta yakk i d ameqran deg-sent, Tazla ynes d tin yudsen ar wagla n uzdal.
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Azuk n uwtem n uwdan d win yettawaṭen ar gar n 13 ar 18 kg ma d tawtemt gar n 11kg ar 15 kg, Tiddi-ynes tettawaṭ ar wazal n 65 cm, ma d asallaf-is gar n 20 ar 30 cm ma d addud-is ar tuyat seg 40 cm ar 45 cm.
Dɣa talɣa n uwdan d tin yettemcabin ar tawurta n Urasya ɣef anect-a yella yettusismel d akken-it yettili-d s waṭas i twurtiwin maca tura DNA yesbeyyen-d d akken Awdan ur d-yettili ara i tawurta maca yettili-d i uzdal.
Amyaraw[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Iɣersiwen-a ttmircalen deg yak akud deg useggas maca anecta yettili-d s waṭas deg talliyin dgi yettili wučči s tuget Tamentilt n wanect-a d tilin n wučči deg tallit n unadar ɣer twetmin, Tallit n tadist d tin yettaṭafen gar n 68 ar 81 n wussan, Adis-is yezmer ad yawi seg yiwen n ummuc ar 6 n immucen.


text:
Asggan
- Iɣ ur igi wad amgrad lli tsiggilt, kcm s tasna n Amucc bac ad tẓrt akkʷ imgradn nna dar illa yism zun d wad !
Amucc nɣ Amucca nɣ Asggan nɣ Aḍlaw(s Taserɣint : أسود, s Tafransist : Noir) iga sg ikk°lan igaman, zɛma llanin g ugama, ar tn ittannay ufgan s twallin nns, zun d aklu Umlil, azgzaw, awraɣ, aẓṛwal ...
G.M : bac ad ur tzziwztsnfl
Amucc illa ma rad ini mas iga seg imudar macc Uhu llant tiguriwin ad s snat :
Ismawen yaḍni :snfl
Aklu ad ganas imaziɣen tugt n wassaɣen nɣ n ismawn. assaɣen ns mzarayen kigan seg tmazirt s tayya, g izddar nura kra g ismawn lli as ttinin middn s tclḥit nɣ s tmaziɣt :
- Afxxan
- Ungal
- Abxxan
- Aberkan
- Udra
- Amucc
- Asggan
- Aḥbcan


text:
Artiste / groupe : Idir
Genre : kabyle
Vrai nom : Hamid CHERIET
Paroles : Amnafeq / Idir
Ajoutées par : caghiles3
(Intro - rare)
Ɛlay a tazdayt ɛlay s nnig leḥwari s nnig leḥwari
Ay inas inas i yemma lḥebs yegguni lḥebs yegguni ah
Taksumt id idrebbaḍ truḥ ɣas ma ttruḍ fell-i
Taksumt id idrebbaḍ truḥ ɣas ma ttruḍ fell-i
Tefkiḍ gma-k ittuzenz tbedleṭ s usurdi tbedleṭ s usurdi
Aɛdaw ɣur-s id ineggez ɣer lfinga at yawi ɣer lfinga at yawi
Ina affus ayfus yaṛṛeẓ tḥedreḍ mi yaṛṛeẓ
Win ar k-irefden a lfuci ay atmaten-iw aaah
(Couplet)
Ttaznen medden leḍyur nekk ay uzneɣ d itbiren
Tarust-ik ar d-akettemleɣ di tadart ideflawen
Sellem-iyi ɣef idurar Allah Allah d warraw imaziɣen
Aya yitma
Ɛlay a tazdayt ɛlay ekk-d s nnig lehwari
Sslam siweḍ-as-t i yemma inas lḥebs yegguni
Ini-as d gma id izenzen Allah Allah ma ttruḍ fell-as neɣ fell-i
Aya yitma
I win izenzen di gma-s d-acu n rrebḥ ig yebbi
Aɛdaw ar d asttittalas gma-s ur degs yettwali
Ya wid ur d itchi rsas y adrewlagh yib was tamsalt a tefrudh yidi
Aya yetma
Inas i bnadem amessas ittasmen s gma-s rrbeḥ tura defir-i
Aya yitma
Inas i bnadem amessas ittasmen s gma-s rrbeḥ tura defir-i
Aya yitma
Inas i bnadem amessas ittasmen s gma-s rrbeḥ tura defir-i
Aya yitma


text:
TAMURT – Seg asmi Lzayer tewwi timunent-is, niɣil yakw nekni s Iqbayliyen, ilaq ad newwet akken « Lzayer ad tuɣal d tugdut », akken a nidir deg idles nneɣ, tinekkit nneɣ, izerfan nneɣ akken i llan, maca aḍabu azayri amharsan n waɛraben-inselmen yugi, ur yeffiɣ ara fell-as
wanect-a.
Sebba i d-yufa d akken, ma ulac « Lzayer ad tefreq », « ad
ibḍu ugdud azayri illan d yiwen ɣef sin iḥricen», u diɣen amma « ad
ternu d takna tmaziɣt ɣef tutlayt n taɛrabt ». D tigi i d sebbat i
d-ittaf dima si 1962 ar tura ; maca nwala, nefhem d akken d ayla nneɣ
i yugin ad yidir, ugaden-t ad yeffukti, ad tennerni tutlayt taqbaylit,
ima ahat « ad tt-tedj ɣer deffir taɛrabt agi si ttzuxxun »? Netta, yuɣ
lḥal d azɣuzer kan id-ibanen, d nnḥas i izedɣen ulawen nsen mgal
taqbaylit. D tagi kan i d sebba.
Tawaɣit, mazal ar tura, llan xilla n Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin i
yettamenen imi tabaɛen lḥirak agi u smuzguten i Iqbayliyen d
Teqbayliyin isertiyen n tkellax, i qeblen ad ddun d aqfafen, widak i
iqeddcen i waɛraben-inselmen n usekkak. U yernu Iqbayliyen d
Teqbayliyin d isertiyen agi, ur zmiren ara ad d-xedmen kra n
temliliyin beṛṛa n twilayin am Tizi, Bgayet d Tubiret. Ayagi d ayen i
twalam meṛṛa, ulac ula yiwen deg-sen i yeffɣen ar twilayin n
taɛrabin-tinselmin. Twalam akk Karim Ṭabbu anida i d-irza akken ad
isufeɣ ssem-is mgal annay amaziɣ u yemmeslay-d i Iqbayliyen d
Teqbayliyin, i d-yusan ɣur-s, s tutlayt n taɛrabt akked d trumit am
akken d iberraniyen i llan.
Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin agi i yezwaren zzat n lḥirak, ẓran, ḥsan d
akken ugin-ten anida nniḍen imi d Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin i llan.
Ugin-ten, ugin-tent di twilayin timsɛarbin.
Agejdur ameqran anda ula icenga yecban Lɛarbi Ziṭuṭ, Amir dz,
Bensedira, Dhina, d wiyaḍ meṛṛa gman-d, ddan-d deg ubrid n « tugdut »
agi nsen. Netta yuɣ lḥal, akken kan ad kecmen ɣer tlemmast ad
asen-awin kra n Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin deg ubrid n tneslemt d
taɛrabt nsen. Icenga yagi lla d-tesmirin tiddyulujit nsen deg allaɣ n
tlemẓyen n Ilmeẓyen nneɣ, widak mazal ur d-faqen ara deg iman-nsen
mgal acengu aɛrab-ineslem, yekkaten si 62 akken ad a ten-yemḥu.
Lla d zerɛen, lla d-zuzuren tddyulujit nsen deg uẓeṭṭa n fcb i
Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyn akken ad ddun deg ubrid n taɛarabt n tneslemt.
Twalam-ten akk deg wennar amma di Tizi neɣ di Vgayet d Tubiret amek i
ttuɣun akken llan s lislugu n taɛrabt ? Ayagi mačči illa kra i
d-nesnulaf, d ayen twalam yakk di tbiddiyutin a tagmatt.
Isluguyen (slogans) agi n taɛrabt d ayen i sen-d-yusan deg tama n
uḍabu akken ad seddun akken ibɣa lḥirak agi yesaɛraben tamurt
taqbaylit. Icenga yagi i d-udreɣ icban Lɛarbi Ziṭut, atg,…uɣalen d
nutni i wumi semḥasen Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin, mačči i isetiyen d
imusnawn Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin illan niqal iferqen ddin d tsertit
iman-is (laiques).
Iswi n wanect-a, d ayen ara yessiwḍen ad yessenger idles nneɣ ɣef i
nettḥarab d leqrun uya. D tufɣa n wennar deg umecwar n tlelli d tugdut
n umennuɣ nneɣ i d-newwi si 62 ar ass-a. D acu yeblan Aqbayli akken ad
yuɣal « d izimer » ara iḍefren uccen ara t-yeččen tagara ? Neẓra,
nessen, nwala d akken tiddyulujit n taɛrabt-tineslemt d tin ur nqebbel
ara
ad tidir teqbaylit d tmaziɣt neɣ tutlayt nniḍen ur necba yara tutlayt
n Okba ibn Nafaa. Ur tezmir ara tagi a kwen-truḥ si tmuɣli nwen, nwent
? Anida terram iqerray-nwen, nwent ?
Teẓram d acu i xeddmen isertiyen d kra n imusnawen Iqbayliyen d
Teqbayliyin deg leqdic nsen, d akken wehhan agdud aqbayli deg ubrid n
nnger, n meḥḥu n tnekkit d yedles nsen. D wagi i d abrid d-wwin
imusnawen d tmusnawin ig nehren d imelyan n iqbayliyen deg ubrid n
Ḥirak n waɛraben-inselmen.
Nettwali libandrul (banderolles) s tutlayt n taɛrabt, isuɣan s
tegnawit n tmanaɣt, qeddmen s ẓẓur imeɣnasen d tmeɣnasin n timunent
taqbaylit, kksen-asen annay aqbayli deg ifassen-nsen. Deg ayagi nefhem
ur yezmir ara i lzayer n uzekka yagi nsen ad tidir deg-s tmurt
taqbaylit neɣ agdud aqbayli u ad yesɛu amur n izerfan-isen ɣef yettnaɣ
mgal aḍabu.
Akken agdud aqbayli ad yawi, ad yidir yidles ines, ilaq-as ad d-yawi
timunent ines, ma ulac ad iteddu ad yenger. Tagi ilaq ad walin
Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin agi yeddan di l ḥirak agi n izayriyen. Lḥirak
agi d win ara yessalin taɛrabt d waɛraben di ccan ameqran, maca agdud
aqbayli ad iqqim di taterǧett taneggarut, idles nneɣ, ma tkemmel aka
ad yenger.
Hand Berkouk


text:
Amagrad : Aseqqamu Temzayt
Asmil : Tigejda n tanaramant
Amyaru:Amaruyidir
Aseqqamu temzayt, d Aseqqamu n imeslaḍ n temzayt, d igmi n tuṭfa n teɣṭast n temzayt, daɣen d win usesten, anda daɣen yal anaram itseg tamawt deg iswi n usali.
Tamhazt
Aseqqamu n temzayt, itsili-d s usiwel n ufesnaw neɣ unmazul-is, daɣen s usiwel n uɣella n uguzdi, timlilit tetsili-d deg tiɣmert n temzayt.
Aseqqamu n temzayt itsili-d kan di temzayt, s tselwayt n ufesnaw , afesnaw ad imud awal i yal anaram, ad itsaru tamawtin, yerna ad ten-isqerdec ma d ayen ilaqen.
Deg umusyen inselmen , Aseqqamu n temzayt am yal timlilit ildi s Fatiha, iked usuter n wayen ilhan, teselik s tsurets n Ɛaṣr iked usuter n tagara.
Deg kra umusuyen ala ifaddaden i d-inan taṛgamt ara d-meslayen aken ad tsekin deg tudma n teɣṭasin.
Tamlilt nuseqqamu temzayt
Deg temzayt
Aseqqamu n temzayt d alal i temzayt aken tesbed iswiyen d isenfaren, amedya adeg d wakud n igur, neɣ armud i d-tedun. yal yiwen isɛa awal-is deg usqamu, tiɣṭasin tsefɣent-d aken ad sulef yal yiwen. Daɣen d tagnits n usqardec n yal tamsalt(tugrint,timeglit , atg), daɣen Aseqqamu n temzayt isbeday tafzart n temzayt, yerna ifren aseqdec-ines.
Deg uguzdi
Aseqqamu n temzayt d adeg anda yal yiwen ad yeg tamawt af tudert deg uguzdi , Afesnaw ad tent-siweḍ i uɣella n uguzdi aken ad idem tiɣṭasin iwatan. Ar tagara n yal armud, yal tamzayt tetsemlili deg useqqamu n temzayt imir ifesnawen ad gen assaɣ i uɣella n uguzdi deg usqamu n ifesnawen. Aseqqamu n temzayt isɛa daɣen tawuri deg uḥerkel i usenfar n ugraw(aferdis).
Aseqqamu n temzayt itsemlili aken ad sekayed amek ara awḍen tafesna n temzayt, iswiyen n tazwara i sebden deg tasenbert n wannuz , neɣ deg useqqamu n ifesnawen, aken daɣen ad sekazalen iseḍruyen itedun imir, neɣ win n igur, daɣen aken ad sumren imeslaḍ tiktiwin af tudert n uguzdi neɣ n temzayt.
Deg useqqamu n temzayt ifaddaden tsaran tanaṭin af twuri i dmen. Aseqqamu d tagnits n talelet yulin af tegmats aken ad neǧɛen tammemit-nsen neɣ ad segmen axciwet ilan. Aseqqamu n temzayt d igemi n tnemhalt, n teɣṭast d usifes.
Ɣar daɣen
Acu i tanaramant Anagraw Temzayin Agzul Aseqqamu Temzayt Ahil Useggas Temzayt
Aseqqamu Temzayt Irmuden n temzayt Iswiyen n temzayt Tamzayt Ifazen Tamzayt Timunent