text:
Umuɣ n iseqdacen urmiden
Wagi d umuɣ n iseqdacen yexedmen armud deg 30 ussan agi ineggura.
Tetwaliḍ lqem n usebter agi yellan deg tazarkatut, lqem agi yezmer ad i sɛu alama d 0 tasint.
- CommonsDelinker (Mmeslay | tikkin) [2 tigawin deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Conquistador (Mmeslay | tikkin) [1 tigawt deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- DragonflySixtyseven (Mmeslay | tikkin) [1 tigawt deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Faolin42 (Mmeslay | tikkin) [2 tigawin deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Krenair (Mmeslay | tikkin) [1 tigawt deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Lislis love (Mmeslay | tikkin) [2 tigawin deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- MediaWiki message delivery (Mmeslay | tikkin) (aṛubut) [1 tigawt deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Sabbathbloodness (Mmeslay | tikkin) [2 tigawin deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- SalemB (Mmeslay | tikkin) [708 tigawin deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Shadowxfox (Mmeslay | tikkin) [1 tigawt deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Stryn (Mmeslay | tikkin) [1 tigawt deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Xqbot (Mmeslay | tikkin) [10 tigawin deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ (Mmeslay | tikkin) [1 tigawt deg 30 ussan ineggura]


c: text/html

text:
Awwur:Amezruy2
Yugurten neɣ Yougarta (Jugurtha s tlaṭinit) yella d agellid n Numidya seg useggwas 113 armi d 104 uqbel Sidna Ɛisa.
Armi tgeldit n jeddi-s Masnsen , aḥric ameqran n imezdaɣen n Numidia llan ttɛicin s tafellaḥt, s wayagi ttemxallafen ɣef Imaziɣen-nniḍen ur nettissin ara taflaḥt imi ɛacen s tameksa in lmal.
Masnsen ixelq-ed yiwet n tagelda (tajumma-s azal n Ledzayer n tura) akk-d yuɣal-ed d amdakkel n Roma deg 206 UL (uqbel n lweqt-nneɣ). Mbaɛd ma yemmut, yettwaxellf-ed s mmi-s Misipsa.
Yugurten yella d aɣerfan gar lɣaci n tmurt-is, akter anagar n Misipsa, ɣef wagi aneggaru agi iceggeɛ Yugurten ɣef Hispania (isem i fkan Irumaniyen i Spanya deg lweqt-nni).

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


text:
Anfafad asenselkim
Anfafad asenselkim (virus informatique) d ahil. Ahil-a, yezmer ad t-id-yaru umessihel (programmeur). S tiddi n wenfafad-a, tettbeddil tikli tamagnut n uselkim, neɣ xerrben isalan yellan deg-s.
Amek ineṭṭeḍ unfafad? Anfafad ineṭṭeḍ-d seg berra i uselkim (aḍebsi, azeṭṭa), reffden-t wahilen yettwalḥayen (programmes qui s'executent), ahilen iqebblen aseɣzef (extention) .com, .exe neɣ .bat.
Anda ara naf anfafad? Di tsenselkimt, ifuyla (fichiers) bḍan ɣef sin yeḥricen:
- a/ ifuyla n yisefka (fichiers de données), amedya yeḍrisen.
- b/ ifuyla iteddun (fichiers qui s'executent), iqebblen aseɣzef .com, .exe, .bat.
Anfafad ineṭṭeḍ ifuyla iteddun; akken tiddin-nnsen, tgellu-d s tiddin n unfafad yellan deg-sen. Anfafad yezmer ad yeẓẓu deg ugzem usenker (secteur d'amorçage) n uḍebsi aquran (disque dur) neɣ yiḍebsiyen ilwayanen (disques souples, disquettes); akken ma yecɛel uselkim anfafad ad d-yaki. Ifuyla n yisefka ur d-ttawin ara infafaden, maca infafaden zemren ad sdermen isalan yella deg-sen.
Amek yebna unfafad? Ahil n wenfafad yebna ɣef 04 yeḥricen:
- 1/ asulu n unfafad (signature du virus): Asulu n unfafad d takbabt-ines (signature) neɣ d limara-s.
- 2/ ahil n tarrawt (programme de reproduction) : Tal tikelt ara yeddu wahil yuḍnen, uɣur yenṭeḍ wenfafad, aḥric-a ad d-yeddu. D aḥric-a ara d-yafen akk ifuyla ikesben aseɣzef .com, .exe, .bat, i wakken ad asen yefk limar-ines.
- 3/ ahil n usedrem (programme de destruction) : S weḥric-a i d-itekk usexreb i yufuyla yesɛan limara n unfafad.
- 4/ anaḍ n uneggez (instruction de saut): S wehric-a, anfafad ad yuɣal ɣer ufaylu amezwaru ideg yeẓẓa.
Ismawen n kra yinfafaden mechuren:
Vendredi 13: Anfafad-a iteffeɣ-d yal ass n lǧemɛa(ass n Sem) 13.
Datacrime: Anfafad-a iteffeɣ-d seld ass n 12 tuber.
Phantom: Anfafad-a inetted deg tecfawit (mémoire).
Virus 405: Anfafad-a isedram isalan n 405 itamḍanen (octets) imezwura n uḍebsi aquran.
Asuza: Anfafad yettili deg ugzem usenker.
Bloody : Anfafad-a iswaɣay agzem n usenker. Afafad-a iteffeɣ-d deg uwennez (reinitialisation) wis 128. Anfafad-a yettaru-d inez-ayi (message) « Bloody Jun 4 1989 », ass n tnekra deg Tienanmen, Pekin).
Jeddah : Anfafad-a irennu azal n 1475 atamḍan i yifuyla .com, .exe. Anfafad-a yettaččar tacfawit yeddren n unasiw (mémoire tompon du clavier clavier).
Zerohunt : Anfafad-a yettili deg tecfawit, d aḥerbebbu, yettbeddil amḍiq.
AMGELNFAFAD (anti-virus): Amgelnfafad d aseɣẓan (logiciel) i d-yettafen ahilen yuḍnen. D netta itekksen infafaden. Amgelnfafad isizdig ahilen yettwaɣen.
Kra n yimgelnfafaden: Virscan, Fprot, Unvirus, Scan, Pc 180, Virusafe, Norton, Vaccin, Novirus
Kra yiwellihen:
- amesten (protection) mgal tira deg yiḍebsiyen inaṣliyen.
- aḥraz n yifuyla deg yiḍebsiyen iseḥḥan
- asekyed (examiner), ma yella ccek, aḍebsi aquran d yiḍebsiyen ilwayanen.
- amesten n yifuyla yesɛan aseYzef .com, .exe, .bat, mgal tira.
- ur seqdacet ara iseɣẓanen n wurar (logiciels de jeux) uqbel asiked-nnsen s useɣẓan amgelnfafad.
- urwet i ugagzdem (téléchargement) n wahilen iteddun (executables)
- kkset afaylu command.com seg uẓar. Amek ara nekkes afaylu seg uẓar ?
Ad s-nbeddel isem (amedya com.moc), ad t-neffer deg zzmam nniden (amedya PROTEC) MD PROTEC COPY C:COMMAN.COM C:PROTECCOM.MOC REN COMMAND.COM SAUVCOM.BIN
Ad nernu ɣer ufaylu CONFIG.SYS, taladna(commande) : SHELL=C:PROTECCOMM.MOC /P Ad nernu ɣer ufaylu AUTOEXEC.BAT, taladna: SET COMPEC=C:PROTECCOM.MOC
- aḥraz n yifuyla .com, .exe mgal tira : Ad naru tasekkirt-a (procédure) :
ATTRIB +R *.COM ATTRIB +R *.EXE
Tamselyut[beddel]


text:
Awwur:Tarakalt3
Tafriqt d yiwen seg yimenẓawen umi mechur yisem deg umaḍal. Meɛna, medden ur tt-ssinen ara dima s wayen yelhan. Aṭas n medden deg umaḍal ur ssinen ara ɣef Tefriqt lḥaǧa tameqrant, ttxayalen-tt d akal anda ay yeqwa ccwal akk d yimenɣi, d akal kan anda ay ttmettaten yigerdan si laẓ yernu qwan deg-s waḍḍanen, d akal n lqella n cci anda medden akk d igellilen. Maca Tafriqt maci ala d anect-a.
Tafriqt tteččur d igduden, d agaraw, d lebḥer n yegduden neɣ n leǧnas, yal yiwen s tutlayt-is, s yedles d umezruy-yines. Ar ass-a werɛad ssinen yimassanen akk tutlayin ay ttmeslayen di Tefriqt, neɣ werɛad ay tent-ɣrin merra akken ilaq lḥal. Ar ass-a, werɛad ur ssinen ara yimassanen leɛwayed d yidelsan n yegduden merra ay izedɣen Tafriqt, werɛad ur d-lqiḍen ara seg-sen akk ayen imeɛnen, tamussni-nsen d wayen yeffren deg yidelsan-nsen. Ass-a, mi akka ara tkeccem tetrara ɣer yal amkan, ɣer yal taḥnact di ddunit, aṭas seg yegduden n Tefriqt ara yesruḥuyen leɛwayed d yidelsan-nsen, yernu yessefk ɣef yimassanen ad rren ddhen-nsen ɣer waya uqbel ma ifat lḥal. Tafriqt tefka-d aṭas i ddunit, ama s tmussni-yines, ama s wayen ay tesɛa d cci, ama d akal, ama d imdanen. Ass-a, ur yessefk ara ad qqnen medden allen-nsen ɣef waya. Xas ma yella lbaṭel-nni yettwaxedmen deg Yefriqiyen, di tallit n tehrest (listiɛmar) iɛedda, yekfa, medden yessefk ad walin Tafriqt ad as-rren tajmilt i Tefriqt u ad tt-walin s wallen nniḍen, yessefk ad gren tamawt i wayen d-tefka i ddunit, i ddur ay telɛeb deg umezruy n umaḍal u ad gren tamawt diɣ i wayen ara d-tettak Tefriqt ass-a akk d yigerwaj ay d-mazal ffren deg-s.


text:
Yuba I
Yuba I (v. 85 - 46) d agellid aneggaru n Numidya usammar di tallit n -60 armi d -46. d mmi-s n Hiempsal II agellid n Numidya. deg ṭṛad yekkren ger Julius Caesar akk d Pompeius ɣef udabu, netta yefren Pompeius yedda yid-s acku yezṛa d akken ma yeṭṭef-itt Caesar a-tt-iseḥṛes ɣef Tmazgha. asmi i tt-yewwi Caesar, Yuba medlent-d fella-s tewwura, ula d wid-is unefn-as, akken ur iɣelli ara ger ifassen n Caesar, ibegs-d ad ineɣ iman-is, u ayagi s umenuɣ netta d umeddakkel-is aRumi Petreius, msenɣen, d Petreius i yemmuten d amezwaru, Yuba netta i t-inɣan d aqqeddac-is. S tmettant n Yuba I, d tallit n igelliden irbiben ara yebdun, amedya dɣa d mmi-s Yuba II.


text:
Irland
Irland (Éire s tutlayt tirlandit, neɣ Ireland s teglizit), d yiwet ger tigzirin tibritaniyin, tezgad deg umalu n Britanya tameqqrant, ger agaraw n Aṭluntik d Ilel n Irland. Azar n wawal Irland ikad seg wawal irlandi Ériu neɣ Éire (d isem n tyakuct n zik, unti n Yakuc neɣ Rebbi) ak° d wawal agirmani land ("akal").
Irland tebḍa af snat n tigduda: tigduda n Irland, i yellan d tamurt tillelit, akw d Irland n ugafa, i mazal ger ifassen n Tigelda Iduklen n Britanya Tameqqrant d Irland n Ugafa.
Tigzirt n Irland tesɛa azal n 6 n imelyunen imezdaɣ, af le.fsan n 2006. Garasen 4,2 imelyunen n tigduda n Irland (1,6 imelyunen di tmanaɣt Dublin), d 1,7 imelyunen n Irland n ugafa (600 000 di tmanaɣt Belfast)


text:
Azawax
Azawax d aqejjun yettidiren di tama n tefriqt ugafa, yekkad y isem Azawax seg awal Azewwax (Tamaziɣt): win yettzuxun acku ṣenf agi n iqejjan d win iḥemlen ad isken iman-is. yettidir deg unẓul n tefriqt ugafa, ɣur itargiyen di tama n Mali, Nijer, Burkina faṣu ..., ssawalen-as deɣen Sellugi Atargi.
Amezruy[beddel]
Yella di temnaṭ n Saḥel "anẓul tefriqt ugafa" si zik, ibaned di Tuṛuft deg segwasen n 1970. Asegwas 1981, amqun agraYlan n teYri n iqejjan (FCI) tga azal i y Iri Azawax. Di tdra, Aqejjun agi yella yettwaxdem iw gmer, arured ines iwulem iw ḍfer n waniren d yefrax. Cvaḥa ines teǧǧat daYen ad yili d aywal n tamunt. Isem "Azawax" yekkad seg tmaziYt "azuwax" yellan di teqbaylit.
Asekkil[beddel]
Fsus yarna d amegraw, d aywal izemren ad y aazel iman-is, abaada Yef ibaṛṛaniyen. ur yettqellib ara Yef usilef. D addfut yarna d apelfaf, ilaq-as usaYad aṣebri


text:
Islam
Islam d ajjed iy deg ttamnen medden belli Yakuc (Rebbi) d yiwen, ur yesɛi mmi-s ur yesɛi tameṭṭot. Ɣur-s lemluk i t-ttɛawanen, yuzen imazanen (les messagers) ɣur medden akken ad ttamnen yis-es. Amazan (errasol) aneggaru deg Lislam d Muḥemmed.
Isem n medden i yettamnen s Lislam, inselmen. Inselmen ɣur-sen 5 n tamara (lefroḍ):
Deg Lislam, yella yiwen wedlis : Leqran, yella daɣen Lḥadit neɣ timucuha ɣef tudert n Muḥemmed. Inselmen ttamnen belli Injil d Turat ttubeddlen, wer qqimmen amek am ten yuzen Rebbi.
Tisuqilin n Leqran s tutlayt Tamaziɣt[beddel]


text:
Ecser
Ecser d yiwet n taddart n 3 252 imezdaY, i d yussan di temnaṭ n Pest, Hungri, s zdat n Budapest
Tizgin[beddel]
Ecser (tettwanṭaq Eččer) tesea daYen isem niḍen asluviki: Ečer, tesdari daYen kra n isluvikiyen. Taddart-a tezga-d deg unẓul-asamar n Budapest, s zdat n unafag agraYlan n Ferihegy. tiYiwanin i as-d-yezzin d Maglud, Večes, Gyumru akk d Ullu. Abrid ameqran n MO yettawi s zdat n taddart. Taddart tussa-d rrif n rraya n tmacint 120a (Budapest-Szulnuk-Ujszasz).
Amezruy[beddel]
lkaYeḍ amenzu i d-yuddren Ecser yettwaru ass n 15 di ğember 1315, maca taddart tella uqbel seg 896, di tisin n iHungriyen. Di yiwet n tmacahut, qqaren-d akken isem n taddart yettunefk s Ugellid ameqran n idrumen ihungriyen Arpad. Ass mi yesteqsa anwa i d isem n temnaṭ-a, anda yeḥbes i wakken ad yesteefu, imezdaY n temnaṭ-a ur tessinen ara. DadYa Arpad yenna: "Sya d assawen, ad tsemmim i temnaṭ-a s yisem n ubeluḍ (s thungrit: cser)". Taddart temmut s ddaw uzaglu n Ṭurk ieutmaniyen (1526-1686), ass-mi teYli Buda, ur yebeiden ara aṭas fell-as. ImezdaY-is imenza ur d-ussin Yer Yur-s alammi d 1699. llan 11 iserdasen (ieeskriyen) i yettekkan deg umennuY n Rakoczi Yef timmunent (1703-1711). di tazwara n isseggasen 1700, Bab n taddart, lkumt Antal Grassalkovich, yessezdeY deg-s isluvakiyen.
Ayen niḍen[beddel]
Asbad n taddart i yellan, d yiwet-nni Tmesgida takatulikit taṛumanit, yettwabnan di 1740 Yiwen n cṭeḥ afulkluri yettwasnen aṭas d win n "assuli di Ecser" (Noces à Ecser, Ecseri lakodalmas). Di imrigen n taddart ad naf tlata n tYewsiwin mucaeen: tamesgida, cṭeḥ afulkluri d ubelluḍ,


text:
Transcript
Translated by
Ḥafiḍ BENḤAḌRIYA
Reviewed by Ḥafiḍ BENḤAḌRIYA
0:11 Kul waḥed fikum ɛendu el-sima el-mejjehda, el-waɛra, elli tzeɛzeɛ kter (subversive) w elli kkewnu el-texyar el-ṭabiɛi (Natural Selection) l el-ḥin. Hiya ṭerf ntaɛ teknolojya, f el-ɛṣab w el-smaɛ, terbeṭ ma bin el-mxuxa ntaɛ el-nas. Bayna belli rani nehḍer ɛla el-qudra ntaɛ el-luġa, laxeṭerš hiya elli txellikum teġġersu fekra men ɛqelkum nišan f el-ɛqel ntaɛ waḥdaxer, w yeqqedru huma tanik ysseyu ydirulek nefs el-ši, bla tešraṭ xdama wella Sidi Ɛebbaz. F had el-syaq, ki tkun tehḍer, rak testeɛmel, f el-waqeɛ, waḥed el-škel ntaɛ el-telemetri (nqil bla-xiṭ) mši mextalef bezzaf ɛla el-telekomand ntaɛ el-tilivizyu ntaɛek. Kima n' hak! Win el-mašina tkun qayma ɛla el-bɛit ntaɛ ḍḍew teḥt-ḥmer ('infraruj), el-luġa ntaɛkum tkun qayma ɛla el-bɛit el-bɛit, bla smir, ntaɛ el-ḥess.
0:55 W ġir kima testeɛmel el-telekomand beš tbeddel el-ɛdadat el-dexlaniya ntaɛ el-tilivizyu ntaɛek ɛla ḥsab ma teršeqlek, testeɛmel el-luġa ntaɛek beš tbeddel el-ɛdadat f daxel ɛqel bnadem ɛla ḥsab el-fayda ntaɛek. El-luġat hiya jinat tehḍer (mehdara), teddi el-ṣwaleḥ elli baġyethum W, hnaya, ġir txxeylu el-ɛjeb fi keš ġuryan ki yetkaka l had el-ši w yebda ylaġi keš ḥess yxelli el-ṣwaleḥ yetḥerku fi keš bit: tqul kelli keš ɛefsa ntaɛ sḥur - w twali ḥetta yweṣṣelhum l fummu.
1:25 Ḍerwek, el-qudra ntaɛ el-luġa f el-tzeɛziɛ ɛtarfu biha, mɛa el-ɛhud: B sebba't el-ɛessa (el-raqaba), kayen ktuba ma tnejjemš teqrahum. ɛbarat (hedrat) ma teqderš testeɛmelhum w kelmat ma tnejjemš tqulhum. F el-waqeɛ, el-ḥkaya dyal el-burj ntaɛ Babel f el-'Injil ḥiya ḥejjaya w tenbih ɛla el-quwwa ntaɛ el-luġa. Ɛla ḥsab had el-ḥkaya, el-bniyadem el-lwala weṣlu l el-fhama belli mɛa el-stiɛmal ntaɛ el-luġa beš yexxedmu mɛa beɛḍ, yeqqedru yebniw burj yweṣṣelhum, qbala, l el-sma. Temmatik, 'Allah zɛef men had el-muḥawala beš ytṣṣelṭu ɛlih, ḥeṭṭem el-burj, w beš yetyeqqen belli ma yɛawduš yebniweh, ferket el-nas ki ɛṭalhum luġat mextalfa -- xelleṭhalhum ki ɛṭalhum luġat mextalfa. W hada yweṣṣel l el-tmesxira el-hayla belli el-luġat kayna beš ma txellinaš netwaṣlu. Ḥetta el-yum, ɛla balna belli kayen kelmat ma nnejmuš nesteɛmluhum, jumel ma neqqedruš nquluhum, laxaṭerš 'ida qulnahum, yeqqedru yḍayquna, yeḥḥebsuna, w ḥetta yeqqetluna. W gaɛ hada men nefxa't nefs texrej men fwamna.
2:29 Šuftu! Gaɛ had el-haraj ɛla sima waḥda m el-simat ntaweɛna yxellina nqulu belli, ṣeḥḥ, kayen ḥaja, hnaya, testahel el-tefsir. W hadi hiya kifeš w ɛleš tṭewret had el-sima el-metmeyza, w ɛlah tṭewret ġir ɛend el-jnas ntaweɛna? El-ḥaṣul, hadi ḥeyya tdehheš šwiya win beš nelqaw keš jwab l had el-swal, lazem ɛlina nruḥu l el-stiɛmal ntaɛ el-duzan ɛend el-šempanziyat. Had el-šempanziyat yesteɛmlu duzan, w ḥna ɛendna hadi kelli 'išara ɛla el-ɛqel ntaɛhum. Beṣṣaḥ, la kanu ṣeḥḥ ɛendhum f el-ras, ɛlah yesteɛmlu meṭreg beš yxxewšu ɛla el-termit m el-'erḍ bdal men meɛwel? W la kanu ṣeḥḥ ɛendhum f el-ras, ɛlah yhhersu gergaɛ w yḥelluh b keš ḥajra? Ɛlah ma yruḥuš l keš ḥanut w yešru škara ntaɛ gergaɛ elli keš waḥed hhersu men qbel? Ɛlah lla? Ki tšuf: Dak huwa weš rana ndiru.
3:15 Ḍerwek: Ɛlah el-šempanzi ma ydirš kima n' hak meɛnatu belli rahum naqṣin weš el-xubara ntaɛ ɛilm el-nefs w el-'antropolojya ysemmuh el-teɛlam el-'ijtimaɛi. Yban belli rahum mexṣuṣin qudra beš yetɛelmu men ġirhum b el-nsix w el-teqlid wella, sahel mahel, b el-tefraj. W f el-tali, ma yeqqedruš yetsegmu b el-fkar ntaɛ el-ġir wella yetɛelmu m el-ġelṭat ntaɛ el-'uxrin -- yestfadu m el-ḥekma ntaɛ el-'uxrin. W hakda telqahum rahum ydiru dat el-ši men dara w jdid w zid. F el-waqeɛ, neqqedru nruḥu melyun ɛam w nwellu w had el-šempanziyat rahum ɛad ydiru dat el-ši, b dat el-mṭareg beš yxxerju el-termit w dat el-hjer beš yḥellu el-gergaɛ.
3:54 Ḍerwek, had el-ši yban kelli tekebbur wella keš heḍra't zux. Kifeš neɛɛerfu had el-ši? Laxaṭerš hada huwa, b el-dat, weš jdudna, el-Homo erectus, kanu ydiru. Had el-qruda elli yeqqedru yewweqfu ɛašu f el-savanna ntaɛ Friqya hadi qrib zuj mlayen ɛam men qbel, w ṣenɛu had el-šefrat el-mxxeyrin elli yetwalmu ɛalama mɛa yeddikum. Beṣṣaḥ la tmeɛɛenna f el-baqaya ntaɛ el-ḥjer, nšufu belli ṣenɛu qrib dat el-šefrat ntaɛ el-yeddin men dara w jdid w zid l melyun ɛam. Teqqdru ttebɛuha ɛla ḥsab el-baqaya ntaɛ el-ḥjer. Ḍerwek, lakan nxemmu šwiya šḥal ɛaš el-Homo erectus, weš kan weqt jilhum, hada ysawi qrib 40.000 jil m el-waldin l wladhum, w ɛibad waḥduxrin yetfferju, bla ma had el-šefra tetbeddel. El-ḥala rahi ɛad mši bayna belli el-qrab lina men jiha't el-jinat, el-Nyandertal, kan ɛendhum teɛlam 'ijtimaɛi. Yaqin kima yelzem, el-duzan ntaweɛhum kanu mɛeqdin kter ɛla el-duzan ntaɛ Homo erectus, beṣṣaḥ huma tanik bbeynu ġir quzza tebdal f mudda't 300.000 ɛam wella qrib belli had el-jnas, el-Nyandertal, kanu ɛayšin f Örasya.
4:55 Ṣaḥḥa, weš yeɛnilna hada huwa belli, b xlaf el-mtel el-qdim, "el-šadi yšuf w el-šadi ydir," El-ḥaja elli tdehheš hiya belli gaɛ el-hwayeš el-'uxrin ma ynnejmuš ṣaḥḥ ydiru had el-ši -- ɛla el-'aqqel, mši bezzaf. W ḥetta had el-teṣwira tban kelli meġšuša -- ḥaja jaya men Sirk Barnum & Bailey.
5:17 Beṣṣaḥ, b el-mqarna, neqqedru netɛɛelmu. Neqqedru netɛɛelmu ki netfferju f el-nas el-'uxrin w ki nnesxu w nqqeldu weš yeqqedru ydiru. Neqqedru, temmatik, nxxeyru, men bin ṣeff ntaɛ xtiyarat, el-mxeyyer fihum. Neqqedru nestfadu m el-fkarat Neqqedru nebniw ɛla el-rzana ntaɛhum. W f el-tali, el-fkarat ntaweɛna tetɛerrem, w el-teknolojya ntaɛna tetqeddem. W had el-mwalma ntaɛ el-taqafa b el-teɛram, kima ysemmuha el-mexteṣṣin ntaɛ el-'antropolojya: el-teɛram ntaɛ el-fkarat, hiya el-mes'ula ɛla kul ši, mdawer bik fi ḥyatek ntaɛ kul yum, el-mɛɛemra ṣadaɛat w haraj Rani neqṣed belli el-ɛalem tbeddel men kul jiha ɛla elli nnejmu neɛɛerfu ɛlih hadi 1.000 wella 2.000 ɛam. W gaɛ hada ɛla jal el-mwalma el-taqafiya elli tetɛerrem mɛa el-weqt. el-krasa elli rakum qaɛdin ɛlihum, el-ḍwaw f had el-mesmeɛ, el-mikrofon ntaɛi, el-iPad w el-iPod elli rakum rafdinhum -- kul ši natija ntaɛ mwalma taqafiya metɛerma.
6:16 Ḍerwek, l šḥal men waḥed yebġi yɛelleq, el-mwalwa el-taqafiya el-metɛɛerma wella el-teɛlam el-'ijtimaɛi hiya xedma mefriya: el-tali ntaɛ el-ḥkaya. El-jnas ntaweɛna ynnejmu yeṣṣenɛu ṣwaleḥ, el-ši elli yxellina nqulu belli tqeddemna b sira ma ɛerfethaš jnas waḥduxra. F el-waqeɛ, neqqedru ḥetta neṣṣenɛu "ṣwaleḥ el-denya" -- kima rani ɛad qult, gaɛ el-ṣwaleḥ elli meddawrin bina. Beṣṣaḥ f el-ṣeḥḥ, yban belli hadi mudda, qrib 200.000 sna men qbel ki banet el-jnas ntaweɛna w kesbu el-teɛlam el-'ijtimaɛi, belli hadi hiya el-bedya ntaɛ el-tarix dyalna, w mši el-nihaya ntaɛ tarixna. Laxaṭerš el-ksib ɛendna ntaɛ el-teɛlam el-'ijtimaɛi ġadi yexleq muɛḍila 'ijtimaɛiya w men jiha't el-teṭwar, w ḥelha, neqqedru nqulu, yeqder yqerrer mši ġir el-sira f el-mustaqbel ntaɛ el-nefsiya ntaɛna beṣṣaḥ gana el-sira f el-mustaqbel dyal el-ɛalem b kmalu. W elli yhemm kter hnaya, elli ywajebna ɛlah ɛendna luġa.
7:11 W el-sebba elli xellat had el-muɛḍila tban hiya belli, ɛla ḥsab el-šufa, el-teɛlam el-'ijtimaɛi ma huwa ġir sriqa b el-ɛin. Lakan neqder netɛellem ki netferrej fik, neqder nexwen el-fkar el-mxeyrin ntawɛek, w neqder nestfad m el-juhud ntawɛek, bla ma nḍeyyeɛ nefs el-weqt w el-jehd elli ṣrefthum beš tṭewwerhum. La qdert nšuf weš men genj steɛmelt beš teqbeṭ ḥutta, wella nšuf kifeš tsennen el-šaqur ntaɛek beš ywelli xir, wella la tebbeɛtek l jnin'tek dyal el-fuggaɛ, neqder nestfad m el-meɛrifa, el-rzana w el-ṣenɛat ntawɛek, w twali ḥetta nṣeyyed hadik el-ḥutta qbel ma tṣeyyedha. El-teɛlam el-'ijtimaɛi huwa, f el-ṣeḥḥ, sriqa b el-šufa W ɛend el-jnas elli kesbet had el-ši, xirlek txebbi el-fkar ntawɛek el-mxeyrin, beš ma yexwenhumlek ḥetta waḥed.
7:58 Amala, hadi waḥed 200.000 ɛam men qbel, qablet el-jnas ntaweɛna had el-'ezma. W kanu ɛendna ġir zuj xyarat beš netɛamlu mɛa el-mnawšat elli ybanu mɛa had el-sriqa b el-šufa. Waḥda men had el-xyarat hiya ki nenɛazlu fi mejmuɛat ntaɛ ɛaylat ṣġar. Laxaṭerš el-fayda m el-fkar w el-meɛrifa ntaɛna tebqa tdur ġir ɛend ḥbabna. Zeɛma rana xeyyerna had el-ši, hadi ši 200.000 ɛam men qbel, la kunna ɛla ḥsab el-šufa ɛayšin kima kannu el-Nyandertal ki dxelna el-xeṭra el-'ewla l el-'Örop hadi 40.000 ɛam men qbel. W hada laxaṭerš fi mejmuɛat ṣġar, el-fkar tkun qlila, el-tejdad ykun qlil. W el-mejmuɛat el-ṣġar qrab m el-wqiɛat w el-zher el-menḥus. Amala, la kan xeyyerna had el-ṭriq, lakan el-ṭriq ntaɛ el-teṭwar dána l el-ġaba -- w lakan qṣir, ṣeḥḥ w ṣḥiḥ.
8:49 El-texyar el-zawej elli qeddina nwasiweh huwa ki ṭṭewwerna el-ɛefsat ntaɛ el-mwaṣla elli semḥet lina beš netqasmu el-fkarat w netɛawnu mɛa el-ġir. El-texyar ntaɛ had el-ṭriq yeqder yeɛni belli mekseb hayel b el-bezzaf nta meɛrifa w rzana metɛerma yeqder ykun metwafer ɛend kul waḥed kter men ya la kanet ɛend ɛayla waḥda wella keš bnadem b rasu. Amala, xeyyerna el-xyar el-zawej, w el-luġa hiya el-natija.
9:20 tṭewret el-luġa beš tḥell el-'ezma ntaɛ el-sriqa b el-ɛin. El-luġa hiya ṭerf ntaɛ teknolojya 'ijtimaɛiya beš tɛezzez el-fayda ntaɛ el-mɛawna -- beš newweṣlu l mufahamat, w nefriw 'afirat w beš nneḍmu el-ṣenɛat dyawelna. W teqder tšuf had el-ši, fi mujtamaɛ yetqeddem elli bda yekseb el-luġa, ki ma tkunš ɛendek luġa meɛnatu kelli zaweš bla jenḥin. Ġir kima el-jenḥin yššerɛu el-sma beš el-zwaweš yelqaw ġerdhum, el-luġa ššerɛet el-majal ntaɛ el-mɛawna beš yestfadu el-bniyadem. W hadi ɛendna mefruġ menha, laxaṭerš ḥna jnas nelqaw ġerdna mɛa el-luġa,
9:59 beṣṣaḥ lazemlek tetkaka belli ḥetta f el-mubadalat ntaweɛna labġa el-sahlin gaɛ mertabṭa, b kmalha, b el-luġa. W beš nšufu ɛlaš, neɛtabru b had el-zuj senaryoyat m el-bedya ntaɛ tarixna. Xelliwna netxxeylu belli ntuma šaṭrin f el-ṣniɛa ntaɛ risan el-fličat, beṣṣaḥ fašlin f el-ṣniɛa ntaɛ el-mṭareg dyal el-xšeb merbuṭa b riš el-ṭir. Kayen zuj ɛibad šaṭrin f el-ṣniɛ ntaɛ mṭareg el-xšeb, beṣṣaḥ mbuqlin f el-ṣniɛ ntaɛ risan el-fličat. Amala weš ydiru -- waḥed men hadu zuj ɛibad ɛad ma ksebš el-luġa ntaɛ ṣeḥḥ. W xelliwna neftarḍu belli el-'axer ɛendu maharat mlaḥ f el-luġa.
10:34 Amala weš tdiru? F keš nhar teddiw rezma ntaɛ risan el-fličat, w truḥu ɛend dak el-seyyed elli ma yehderš mliḥ, w tḥeṭṭu risan el-fličat quddamu, w ntuma dayrin fi balkum belli ġadi yefhem belli rak baġi tberrez risan el-fličat dyawlek b fličat wafyin. Beṣṣaḥ weš ydir: yexzer f el-rezma ntaɛ el-fličat, yeḥsebhum hdiya, yerfedhum, yetbessem w yruḥ. Ḍerwek, rana nšufu f had el-ɛebd w huwa yetzeɛbel. Ynuḍ dwas w yeddeġruk b waḥda men haduk el-risan n' el-fličat. Ṣeḥḥa! Ḍerwek, txeylu had el-leqṭa win tqerreb m el-seyyed elli yeqder yetwaṣel b el-luġa. Tḥeṭṭ risan n' el-fličat w tqul, Madabiya nberrez had el-risan n' el-fličat b fličat wafyin. Netqasem mɛak 50/50. El-'axer ywajeb, "Ġaya. Tbanli mliḥa. Xellina nefriwha." W el-xedma meqḍiya.
11:14 Ġir tkun ɛendna el-luġa, nlemmu el-fkarat ntaweɛna w netɛawnu beš ḥyatna twelli xir elli ma kanetš teqder tkun lakan ma kunnaš kasbinha (el-luġa). W hadi hiya ɛlah el-jnas ntaweɛna tṭewret f kul muḍeɛ f el-ɛalem bidma, el-hwayeš el-'uxrin rahi qaɛda tetkessel mur el-ḥdid ntaɛ jnina't el-wḥuš. Ɛla biha rana nebniw merkabat n' el-sma w el-katedra'iyat win el-baqi ntaɛ el-ɛalem rahu ɛad laṣeq fi el-'erḍ yxewweš ɛla el-nmel el-byeḍ. Nišan, lakan had el-šufa l el-luġa w qimetha tɛawen beš tḥell el-'ezma dyal el-sriqa b el-šufa hiya ḥeqqaniya, 'eyy jens yeksebha yaqin yeɛref zerda ntaɛ 'ibdaɛ w zyada't el-xir. W hada huwa b el-dat weš el-tesjilat n' el-'arkeolojya ybeynu.
11:55 La šuftu l el-nas el-sabqin, El-Nyandertal w el-Homo Erectus, elli sebquna swaswa, kanu meḥṣurin fi blayeṣ ṣġiwrin m el-ɛalem. Beṣṣaḥ ki banu el-jnas ntaweɛna hadi ši 200.000 ɛam, men beɛd ġir ma xrejna men Friqya w tferketna f el-ɛalem b kmalu, steɛmerna kul muḍeɛ qabel l el-suknan fuq el-'erḍ. Ḍerwek, win jnas waḥduxrin rahum meḥṣurin fi blayeṣ twalmet el-jinat ntaweɛhum mɛaha, b el-teɛlam el-'ijtimaɛi w el-luġa, nejjemna nḥewlu weš meddawer bina ɛla ḥsab ma nestḥeqqu. W hakdatik, tṭewwerna b waḥed el-ṣifa elli ma tṭewwert biha ḥetta hayša. El-luġa, ṣeḥḥ, hiya hiya el-sima el-mejjehda gaɛ elli tṭewret. Had el-sima hiya elli b qimetha kter ɛendna beš nsegmu trab jdid w mawarid beš yesteqblu ɛibad kter, huma w jinathum elli txxeylletha el-ṭabiɛa ɛend el-texyar.
12:49 El-luġa hiya ṣeḥḥ el-gerzi ntaɛ el-jinat ntaweɛna. W ḍerwek ki el-luġa tṭewret, rana derna ḥeyya mši menwali, w ḥetta ġriba Ki ntašerna f el-ɛalem, ṭewwerna šḥal men 'elf luġa mextalfa Ḍerwek, rahum kaynin waḥed qrib 7 wella 8.000 luġa mextalfa, mehdura fuq el-'erḍ. Ḍerwek teqder tqulu: Ṣaḥḥa, hadi haja bayna belli ɛadiya. Ki netbaɛdu, bayna belli el-luġat ntaweɛna tanik yetbaɛdu. Beṣṣaḥ el-ḥejjaya w el-tgenbir huwa belli el-terkiz el-kbir ntaɛ el-luġat el-mextalfin fuq el-'erḍ nelqawha win el-nas ɛayšin quddam beɛḍhum beɛḍ.
13:23 La mšina l el-jazira ntaɛ Papwa Gineya el-Jdida, neqqedru nelqaw qrib 800 l 1.000 luġa bašariya metmayza, luġa bašariya mextalfa, mehdurin f had el-jazira waḥedha. Kayen blayeṣ fuq had el-jazira win teqder telqa luġa jdida kul zuj wella telt myal. Ḍerwek, ḥetta lukan banet muġriba, xeṭra, tlaqit mɛa seyyed papwani w seqsitu lakan had el-ši ṣeḥḥ. W qal-li: "Eyyuh! Lla. Huma qrab kter men hak." W hada ṣeḥḥ; kayen blayeṣ f had el-jazira win tnejjem telqa luġa jdida f qell men mil. W hada ṣeḥḥ yenṭabeq tanik mɛa waḥd el-juzur bɛad ntaɛ el-Muḥiṭ
13:59 W hakda, ɛla ḥsab el-šufa, rana nesteɛmlu el-luġa ntaɛna, mši ġir beš netɛawnu, beṣṣaḥ tanik beš nmeyzu dewwirat ɛla el-mejmuɛat dyalna win netɛawnu w nebniw hawiyat w waqila beš neḥmiw el-meɛrifa, el-rzana w el-ṣenɛat ntaweɛna m el-qerɛajiya ntaɛ berra. W ɛla balna b had el-ši laxaṭerš ki neqraw ɛla mejmuɛat dyal luġat mextalfa w nlemmuhum mɛa el-taqafat ntaweɛhum, nšufu belli el-luġat el-mextalfa tteqqel el-sira ntaɛ el-fkarat bin el-mejmuɛat. Tteqqel el-sira ntaɛ el-teknolojyat. W ḥetta yteqqel el-sira ntaɛ el-jinat. Ḍerwek, ma neqderš nehder ɛlikum, beṣṣaḥ, ɛla ḥsab el-šufa, el-ḥala kifkif belli ma neqqedruš nmewru mɛa el-nas elli ma nnejmuš nehhedru mɛahum. (Ḍeḥk) Ḍerwek, lazem ɛlina nɛaksu, gaɛ kima n' hak, ḍedd el-bayan elli smeɛnah men qbel belli wqeɛ lina waḥed el-xlaṭ el-jini, elli ma yeɛjebš mɛa el-Nyandertal w el-Denisova.
14:50 (Ḍeḥk)
14:52 Ṣeḥḥa, had el-sira elli ɛendna, had el-sira el-ṭabiɛiya elli ɛendna win nmilu, l el-ɛezla, w nebqaw waḥedna, gaɛ ma tetwalemš mɛa el-ɛalem ntaɛ ḍerwek. Had el-ṣura el-mxxeyra mši xariṭa ntaɛ el-ɛalem. F el-waqeɛ, hiya xariṭa ntaɛ ɛalaqat ṣeḥba f el-Facebook. W ki tersem had el-ɛalaqat ntaɛ el-ṣeḥba ɛla ḥsab el-muḍeɛ (xṭuṭ el-ṭul w el-ɛerḍ), el-ši elli yersem xariṭa ḥeqqaniya ntaɛ el-ɛalem. El-ɛalem el-modern ntaɛna rahu yetwaṣel mɛa datu w bin el-nas kter m elli kan el-ši fi 'eyy weqt sbeq. W had el-mwaṣla, had el-rbaṭ el-meddawer b el-ɛalem had el-ɛawlama tsebbeb muɛḍila. Laxaṭerš had el-luġat el-mextalfa tefreḍ ḥedd, kima rana ɛad ki šefna, ɛla jal el-nqil ntaɛ el-selɛa w el-fkarat w el-teknolojyat w el-rzana. W rahi tšekkel ḥedd l el-mɛawna.
15:44 W ḍerwek rana nšufu had el-ši xir zeɛma kter m el-'Itiḥad el-'Öropi, b luġat el-menḍemmin lih el-27 yehhedru 23 luġa resmiya. El-'Itiḥad el-'Öropi rahu yeṣref kter men melyar € kul ɛam ɛla el-terjama bin el-23 luġa el-resmiya. W hada ydir qrib 1.45 melyar dollar marikani ġir ɛla el-meṣruf ntaɛ el-terjama. Ḍerwek, xemmem f el-tfiš ntaɛ had el-ḥala. La 27 ɛebd m el-27 blad, elli menḍemma, qeɛdu mdawrin b ṭabla, w huma yehhedru el-luġat ntaweɛhum el-23, šwiya ntaɛ ḥsabat txellina nqulu belli neḥtaju jiš ntaɛ 253 terjman beš nwejdu gaɛ el-'imkaniyat elli tnejjem tkun El-'Itiḥad el-'Öropi ɛendu xeddama daymin qrib waḥed el-2.500 terjman. W ġir f 2007 -- w rani metyeqqen belli kayen ḥsabat jdud ɛla hadu -- ši qrib men 1.3 melyun ṣefḥa tterjmet l el-'engliziya waḥedha.
16:45 W 'ida ṣeḥḥ el-luġa hiyya el-ḥell ntaɛ el-'ezma dyal el-sriqa b el-šufa, ida el-luġa hiya ṣeḥḥ el-ṭriq ntaɛ el-mɛawna binatna, el-teknolojya elli txeyletha el-jnas ntaweɛna beš yššejɛu el-ḥaraka w el-tebdal el-mserreḥ ntaɛ el-fkarat, f el-ɛalem ntaɛna modern, nwajhu swal. W had el-swal huwa 'ida f had el-ɛalem modern w el-mešmul neqqedru ṣeḥḥ nessemḥu beš ykunu ɛendna gaɛ had el-luġat el-mextalfa.
17:13 b kelmat waḥduxrin, el-ṭabiɛa ma teɛref ḥetta ḍerf xlaf win tetɛayeš zuj simat metqablin men jiha't el-waḍifa. Waḥda fihum txelli el-zawja tenṣxeṭ. W rana nšufu had el-ši yemši bla ma nqeddu nehherbu mennu beš ywelli huwa el-mizan. Kayen xir 'Allah ṣifat beš neɛɛebru el-ṣwaleḥ -- nšufu el-mizan ntaɛhum w nqisu el-ṭul dyalhum -- beṣṣaḥ el-sistem n' el-mitra huwa elli rah rabeḥ. Kayen xir 'Allah ṣifat beš nqisu el-weqt, beṣṣaḥ, ṣeḥḥ w ṣḥiḥ, el-sistem b sas el-60 w elli huwa weḥdu el-meɛruf b el-saɛat, el-dqayeq w el-twani huwa elli qriba meɛruf f el-ɛalem b kmalu. Kayen šḥal w šḥal men ṣifa beš nssejlu el-Cdyat w el-DVDyat, beṣṣaḥ hadu gaɛ rahum mɛa el-weqt ywellu tanik b el-qanun. W teqder, twalli, ḥetta beš txemmem f kter w kter men hak f el-ḥyat ntaɛkum di kul yum.
17:58 W hakda el-ɛalem modern ntaɛna el-yum rahu yqabel fina b muɛḍila. W hiya el-muɛḍila elli had el-šinwi rahu yqabel fiha, ntaɛmen had el-luġa elli yehhedruha ġaši kter f el-ɛalem kter men 'eyy luġa waḥduxra, gaɛ kima n' hak rahu qaɛed quddam el-sebbura ntaɛu, yterjem el-jumel m el-šinwiya beš yrredhum jumel b el-'ingliziya. W hada ykebber el-'iḥtimal ntaɛna belli fi ɛalem win nebġu nddeɛmu el-mɛawna w el-tebdal, w fi ɛalem elli yeqder ykun qayem, kter melli kan qbel, ɛla el-mɛawna beš nethellaw w nṭelɛu el-daraja ntaɛ el-terfah dyalna, el-mefɛul dyalu yxellina neftarḍu belli el-natija tnejjem tkun meḥtuma win nwajhu el-fekra belli el-maṣir ntaɛna huwa ɛalem waḥed w luġa waḥda.
18:47 Ṣeḥḥitu
18:49 (Teṣfaq)
18:57 Matt Ridley: Mark, swal waḥed. Svante lqa belli el-jin FOXP2, ɛla ḥsab el-šufa, mertabeṭ b el-luġa, kan kayen tanik, b nefs el-škel, ɛend el-Nyandertal, kima ḥnaya. Ɛendna keš fekra tfesser lina kifeš tġellebna ɛla el-Nyandertal lakan kanet ɛendhum huma tanik luġa?
19:14 Mark Pagel: Hada swal wafi mlaḥa. Kayen šḥal men waḥed fikum rahu metwalef mɛa el-fekra belli kayen had el-jin elli semmuh FOXP2 elli, ɛla ḥsab el-šufa, mertabeṭ b waḥd el-ṣifat kaynin f el-ḥeyya elli tḥerrek w tetḥekkem w elli mertabṭa b el-luġa. El-sebba elli txellini ma n'emmenš ki yqulunna belli el-Nyandertal kanet ɛendhum luġa hnaya -- kayen tešbih sahel mahel: El-Ferrari'yat hiya lwaṭa ɛendhum muturat. El-loṭo ntaɛi ɛendha motör, beṣṣaḥ hiya mši Ferrari. Amala, el-jwab el-sahel huwa belli el-jinat waḥedha ma teqderš tqerrer el-natija ntaɛ ṣwaleḥ zyada mɛeqdin kima el-luġa. Elli neɛɛerfuh ɛla el-FOXP2 w el-Nyandertal huwa belli twali kanu yeqqedru yetḥḥekmu f el-teḥrak ntaɛ fwamhum -- ya ḍra. Beṣṣaḥ hada ma yqullenaš, b el-ḍarura, belli kanet ɛendhum luġa.
19:55 MR: Ṣeḥḥit b el-bezzaf.
19:57 (Teṣfaq)


text:
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (ilul di 20 ibrir 1889 deg Braunau am Inn, g tmurt n Tutrict – yemmut di 30 yebrir 1945 deg Berlin) yella d amdan asertay almani, aselway n Lalman umbeɛd Führer. Yeḥkem s ukabar i t-ixelqen deg 1921, d NSDAP (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei), yexleq daɣen Reich wis III u ilmend-is tebda Imenɣi amaḍlan wis II. Sɣur-es id yexleq daɣ isem n tnazit.
Mai Igu[beddel]
Adolf Hitler Ighra di Tutrict,tigu tmura wahdes,ba3din iflu an Almania,dihi igu lhezb n Afellah Almani,badin semminas,Nazi,di 1933 irahhu agellid n Almania.irro tmurawin tielli xwanten sis Lholafa di Inughi Tamzwarit(1914-1918),iosed a-iagh Danzeg,d nitet tmura tillellit tella af ilel n Polanda,Hitler yahjem af polanda di 5:45,di cotenber 1939,s ass-nnes tebda inughi.


text:
Talɣa:BUamseqdac/Documentation
Talɣa | Almeḍris | Asenfaṛ Tanaka Amseqdac
Adfer-talɣa agi tezmer ad suffeɣ s ushil tinuka umseqdac i slugen.
Agbur
Timezgiyin[beddel]
- tehri n tanaka : 238px
- tehri n umḍiq n tignit : 45px
- tugniwin d iḍrisen ad illin di talemmast n tixxamin nsen
Tilɣatin tingiyin ad neqqeled[beddel]
Syntaxe[beddel]
{{BUamseqdac | iri = #999999   | ini = #EEEEEE   | aḍris-ini = #000000   | img-ini = #FFFFFF   | img = icone.svg   | img-lqedd = 45px   | img-azwel = Titre Icône   | azwel-lqedd = 11px   | azwel = Poker   | aḍris-lqedd = 11px   | aḍris = Tturareɣ l [[poker]].   }}
Tizmiltin :
- azwel yesɛa ini tagadda s uḍris.
- azwel d uḍris zemren ad rkeden ma d amseqdac naɣ ma d tamseqdact s usexdem n talɣa {{Tawsit amseqdac}}.
Ma d tanaka umseqdac war-udmawan, ilaq ad arnud :
{{BUamseqdac
| ...
}}
[[Taggayt:   |  ]]

Amedya :
{{BUamseqdac
| ...
}}
[[Taggayt:Tanaka amseqdac tadugamt n zodiaque|Verseau]]

Tazmilt : ur tṛuḥ ara ar ajeṛṛiḍ gar «
}} » d
- Snat tugniwin
Ma tanaka telaq at sɛi snat tugniwin, yiwet ar idis n tayed, ilaq ad rnud kṛaḍ iɣewwaren i tugna n uyfus :
| imgd = icone2.svg   | imgd-lqedd = 45px   | imgd-azwel = Titre Icône 2
Ma tanaka telaq at sɛi snat tugniwin, yiwet nnig n tayed, ilaq ad rnud kṛaḍ iɣewwaren i ajeṛṛiḍ wis sin :
| img2 = logo.svg   | img2-lqedd = 45px   | img2-azwel = Titre Logo
- Kkuẓ tugniwin
Tanaka tezmer at sɛu alma kkuẓ tugniwin, img d imgd di ajeṛṛiḍ amezwaru, img2 et imgd2 di ajeṛṛiḍ wis sin :
| imgd2 = logo2.svg   | imgd2-lqedd = 45px   | imgd2-azwel = Titre Logo 2
- War tugna : 1 naɣ 2 iḍrisen
Di amḍiq n 1 ar 4 tugniwin, nezmer an rnu yiwen aḍris :
| img-aḍris = Abbrev   | img-aḍris-ini = #000000   | img-aḍris-lqedd = 14px
Ma nevɣa ad nernu aḍris wis sin i bḍun s urreg aglawi (amedya : tasuqilt deg tutlayt nniḍen), nezmer an rnu (aḍris agi wis sin yesexdem initen am aḍris amezwaru d azwel lamaɛna yezmer ad yesɛu lqedd imeẓli) :
| aḍris2 = I play [[poker]].   | aḍris2-lqedd = 11px
- Isevtaren iqqenen d Tiggayin
Ma tanaka telaq ad sɛu aseɣwen s tawsit Isevtaren i qqenen, ilaq an rnu aɣewwar wayeḍ (iwakken ad isnazel akerdis ɣer asevtar uslig s umuɣ n akk isevtaren i qqenen ar talɣa) :
| aseɣwen = Poker
Imil, ma tella taggayt i msisen i isevtaren n imseqdacen, an sexdem :
| taggayt = Amseqdac Poker   | taggayt2 = Amseqdac Tarot
S aɣewwar agi, imseqdacen i rnun tanaka agi deg asevtar udmawi nsen sɛan asevtar udmawi nsen s awurman deg taggayt i qqenen.
Tazmilt : ilaq an mel isem ummid n taggayt, axatar af tiɣẓinin n amṣada s isemawen iqdimen n tiggayin, adat "Taggayt:Amseqdac xxx" ur yella ala dayem.
Ma ulac taggayt, ur ilaq ara at snulfud. Axiṛ ad rǧud taggayt agi at sɛi lfayda at illi, ilaq ad illin aṭas imseqdacen i sexdemen tanaka agi. Ẓeṛ aseqqamu af amḍan n isevtaren deg tiggayin.
Azalen isulleḍen n iɣewwaren[beddel]
Tanaka tablulaɤt teselfu deg asevtar :
iri: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=#999999, ahras ) ini n iri n tanaka, amedya : "black" naɣ "#0000FF"
imdewweṛ: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=0) Tiɤmertin zemrent ad ilint timdewweṛent ma imesfedwec yevɣa
- Mozilla : i beqqeḍ
- Internet explorer : ur i beqqed ara
Azal aseqqamu : 0.6em. Isenfel s px ou em
align: ulac asulef, (ma ulac tiferni=left) ; Aderrec n ifrir n tanaka, ala kan ma i sexdem srid daxel asevtar udmawi, lamaɛna mačči daxel talɣa n tanaka tanamayt. Azalen izemren lan left, center, right, naɣ none (tanaka ur t ifrir ara).
Aḥric aẓelmaḍ : s unnim tugna :
img-ini: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=#FFFFFF, amellal) ini n ider n tugna naɣ n tugniwin, amedya : "#906090" naɣ "#ccc"; i isenǧaqen s ixawagen imellalen af iri, ilaq ad ssefrud ini s #EEEEEE i eemmed an ẓeṛ axawag amellaln usenǧaq dɣa an sɤel tizunin is (amedya : s usenǧaq n Tmurt n Monaco naɣ Tmurt Lezzayer).
- tugna tamezwarut (taxetṛant) :
img: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=ulac tugna) isem n tugna, s umedya "Berber flag.svg"
img-lqedd: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=45px) tehri n tugna t senfel s pixels, amedya : "30px"; i tugniwin s ugama (isenǧaqen, aṭas n tiwlafin), ulac tixxutert af ad n rnu iɣewwaren i sexdemen ladɣa i usemẓi n tehri ma ulac tiferni iwakken taɤwzi ur tugwar ara 45px (iwakken ad iḥrez lqedd n tinuka dɣa ad ilit derrecet)
img-azwel: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=azal n aɣewwer azwel ma yesbadu adda-ya, ma ulac isem n tugna) amedya : "Asenǧaq n Tmurt Leqvayel"
-
- tugna tis snat, af uyfus n tugna tamezwarut(taxetṛant) :
imgd: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=ulac tugna)
imgd-lqedd: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=45px)
imgd-azwel: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=nisem ntugna)
-
- première tugna, deg tajeṛṛiḍt tis snat, ihi ddaw tugna tamezwarut (taxetṛant) :
img2: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=ulac tugna)
img2-lqedd: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=45px)
img2-azwel: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=isem n tugna)
-
- seconde tugna, tajeṛṛiḍt tis snat, ar uyfus n tugna tamezwarut ar tajeṛṛiḍt tis snat (taxetṛant) :
imgd2: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=ulac tugna)
imgd2-lqedd: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=45px)
imgd2-azwel: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=isem n tugna)
-
- naɣ aḍris (axetṛan) :
img-aḍris: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=ulac aḍris) aḍris isemselsi tugna, s amedya "E=mc2"
img-aḍris-ini: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=#000) ini n uḍris/tugna, s amedya "red"
img-aḍris-lqedd: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=14px) lqedd n uḍris/tugna, s amedya "10px"
-
Aḥric n uyfus, aḍris ibeqqeḍ :
ini: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=#DDDDDD, abenẓar) ini n ider n tanaka, amedya : "#906090" naɣ "#ccc"
aḍris-ini: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=#000000, averkan) ini n iḍrisen dɣa d azwel daxel tanaka, amedya : "yellow" naɣ "#0CCCC"
- S unnim, ini n tanaka d aceelal (pastel), dɣa iḍrisen qqimen daxel ini ma ulac tiferni s uverkan (ulac tixxutert an rnu aḍris-ini ḥaca ma aɣewwar ini yerna ini iberrezen). Ẓeṛ akrawal udlif n tinuka
- Azwel ulac asulef (S awurman s afayan dɣa ɣef ajeṛṛiḍ i bḍun s ufella n uḍris)
azwel: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=ulac azwel) azwel n tanaka ; ad illi isnazel s afayan ad i aḍfar s andar ujeṛṛiḍ ; ma yernad, yesɛa tixxutert af azwel ma ulac tiferni i tugna tamezwarut.
azwel-lqedd: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=aḍris-lqedd ma yesbadu, ma ulac 11px; rnu ar 13px i taɛravt naɣ i tacinwit)
-
- Aḍris agejdi (i rnan srid daxel taseddart ddaw azwel)
aḍris: elzem, lamaɛna azal is yezmer ad yilli iclec, aḍris n tanaka, a sartu n uzwel
aḍris-lqedd: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=11px, rnud ar 13px i taɛravt naɣ i tacinwit)
-
- Aḍris axetṛan wis sin (i bḍun af azwel dɣa af aḍris amezwaru s arreg arqaq aglawi seg ini n iri).
aḍris2: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=ulac aḍris) taseddart tis snat, s umedya i uḍris di tutlayt tis snat.
aḍris2-lqedd: ulac asulef (ma ulac tiferni=aḍris-lqedd ma yesbadu, ma ulac 11px; rnu ar 13px i taɛravt naɣ i tacinwit)
-
Aḥric taxetṛant : aseɣwen n tunigin s wadda ar uyfus (akerdis amectuḥ i mhelen ɣer s wadda). Nezmer an snazel aseɣwen agi s snat tirraytin :
- ɣer asevtar uslig "Special:Whatlinkshere" :
aseɣwen: ulac asulef, isem n talɣa n tanaka imanis war adat "Talɣa:".
-
- ɣer taggayt n imseqdacen n tanaka :
taggayt: ulac asulef, rnud isem n taggayt imseqdacen n tanaka agi, war adat "Taggayt:". Ẓeṛ af isevtaren "umseqdac" kan ad illin deg tiggayin. Nezmer an sexdem tanaka agi anda nniḍen deg amyannan naɣ deg "Wikipedia:" war amyannan agi ad illi deg taggayt n imseqdacen n tananka. Tirawt: ma an sexdem aɣewwar agi, aɣewwar "aseɣwen=Amseqdac ...|" id yefken isem n talɣa i nzeɣ dɣa d aseɣwen ɣer taggayt n imseqdacen ad i vanen.
-
- Iwakken ur n snezel ilem aseɣwen, ilaq kan ur neternu acemma deg tanaka ulama d aɣewwar
aseɣwen, ulama d aɣewwar
taggayt.
Ṭabla n initen[beddel]
Exemples[beddel]
{{BUamseqdac | img = Blason_Languedoc.svg | img-azwel = Azamul n Tamnaṭ n Languedoc (Tamurt n Fṛansa) | img-lqedd = 21px | imgd =Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg | imgd-azwel = Azamul n Tmurt n Suisse | imgd-lqedd = 21px | img2 = Blason_Nord-Pas-De-Calais.svg | img2-azwel = Azamul n Tamnaṭ n Nord-pas-de-calais (Tamurt n Fṛansa) | img2-lqedd = 21px | imgd2 = Blason région fr Champagne-Ardenne.svg | imgd2-azwel = Azamul n Tamnaṭ n Champagne Ardennes (Tamurt n Fṛansa) | imgd2-lqedd = 21px | ini = #FFF0F5 | azwel = Kkuẓ tugniwin | aḍris = Nezmer an ssers alamma kkuẓ tugniwin deg aḥric aẓelmaḍ. }}
{{BUamseqdac | aḍris = Amseqdac agi ur i ḥemmel kra. }}
{{BUamseqdac | img-ini = red | img-aḍris-ini = yellow | img-aḍris-lqedd = 12px | img-aḍris = '''e= mc²''' | ini = darkblue | aḍris-ini = white | aḍris = Amseqdac agi d '''  asemdan  '''. }}
mc²
{{BUamseqdac | img-ini = #FFBBBB | img-aḍris-lqedd = 13px | img-aḍris = '''en-0''' | ini = #FFEEEE | iri = #FFBBBB | aḍris = Amseqdac agi '''[[:Taggayt:Amseqdac en|ur yefhem kra]]''' s '''[[:Taggayt:Amseqdac en|tutlayt tanglizt]]''', naɣ ur yevɣa ara ad yemmeslay s tutlayt agi. | aḍris2 = This user '''[[:Taggayt:Amseqdac en|does not]]''' speak '''[[:Taggayt:Amseqdac en|English]]''', or does not want to speak English. | taggayt = Amseqdac en-0 }}


text:
Massinissa
Masinissa Iga masinissa amzwaru agllid amqran deg umezruy amaziɣ azayku. Ilul deg usggas as n 238 zdat n tlalit n lmasih, g tgldit n masin. Tugha t d argaz idusn. Ittmngha khf tmurt nnes ar tingira n tudert nnes. Ittwassn s tnka n iysan d ufrag d tayri n tmazirt nns. Umi yumz tanbaḍt , yufa masinissa kigan n tmnaḍin n tmazirt ns g ifassn n umddurruy n iruminiyn d iqrtajn. Awarin n wattas n imnɣan , ismun timnaḍin ad, ismunt ntn ɣ yat tgldit taxatart. Isɣuda Masinissa tudert n ugdud nns. Isbughla tadamsa n tgldit nns s ussmghr n ufars n imndi d uzatim d idqqi. Issugt inyalkamn imzzizayn akd tmizar yadn. Anaruz n masinissa: tilelli d tamunt n ifriqya n yizzlmd. Llig immut g usggas 148 bra n uzmz n eisa, Iskr as agdud ns yan usmdl imqqurn g tmnadt n yiɣrm n qsstantin. Da ttinin ittwassn Masinissa amzwaru s Wawal nns: >


text:
Taɛebrit
Taɛebrit d tutlayt i ttmeslayen Israyliyen, taɛibranit tettekka deg tutlayin tisamiyin am Taɛrabt neɣ Tamharit.
Amezruy[beddel]
Nettat d tutlayt n wedlis n Wudayen, Tawrat. Mi d-keccmen Ibabyluniyen deg Jerusalem, taramit tuɣal yiwet seg tutlayin n wat Israyil. Ass mi d-keccmen at Ruman, Udayen ruḥen s lɣerba, u tutlayt nsen temmut akk...
Di tallit n sionism g turuft, imussnawen udayen ssidiren tutlayt-nsen, tura tuɣal-d d tutlayt tunṣibt n tmurt n wudayen akk d taɛrabt deg Israyil.
Tira[beddel]
- ẓer agemmay aɛebri
Yettuseqdac agemmay aɛebri di tira n tɛebrit. Dg-es llan tnayn uɛcrin n usekkilen. Nettat d agemmay abjed am agemmay aɛrab neɣ agemmay alibi (Tifinaɣ n zik). I Isekkilen-is d asusru n zik, asusru n ddin, d asusru n tura deg teɛbrit tisrayilt.


text:
Awwur:Tussna
Taddadant (Statistique) · Takrura (Chimie) · Tameẓla (Logique) · Tanzeggit (Géométrie) · Tarakalt (Géographie) · Tasengama (Physique) · Tasnaggurt (Astronomie) · Tudersent (Biologie) · Tusnakt (Mathématiques)
D amussnagamaw (physicien), d amussnayyur (astronome), aẓar-is n tmurt n Ṭelyan. Galili d yiwen gar wid I d-igren lsas I tussnagama tamirant(physique moderne). Gar wayen iqdec Galili d Kepler, irfed-iten Newton I leqdic-is. Galili isnulfa-d s wacu issaked aggur, isken-d tiderra (ccwami) illan ɣef iṭij. D Galili I d-yufan isafen illan ɣef aggur d igensawen (satellites) imeqqranen n Jupiter d udmawen n Venus. ...ugar


text:
Cilmun
Cilmun d agummu (lfakya) i d-ittak yimYi iwumi qqaren medden ariḥan. ImYi ayi llan daYen wid i yas-iqqaren tacilmunt.
Tineḍwa[beddel]
Cilmun, illa win rẓayen, illa win ẓiden. D aẓidan i tteYẓaẓen imeksawen. Ur d-iwwi yara ad astuqqet yiwen d učč-is, acku iḥettel.
ImYi ines[beddel]
ImYi ayyi n uriḥan iṭṭuqet deg tama n wagrakal (Mediterranean Sea) n wadda d tin n ufella. D ajeğğig-is mellulen, m'ara ad ilal i yettuYalen berrik-it m'ara yaweṭ neY yew, iwumi qqaren medden cilmun. Taqbaylit tferreq yar uriḥan (imYi) yakkid d cilmun (agummu). Ariḥan itekkar-ed, iman-is, deg teẓgi: Ur ad t-iteẓẓu bunadem ur ad t-ineqqc, ur ad isewway.
Timeskert[beddel]
- Ariḥan ẓeṭṭen innaḍen yes iqerṭiyal d tiqerṭiyyal.
- D ifer n imYi ayi n uriḥan i tessun medden Yer lqae n uẓekka, ass m’ara tili tmettant.
- Ass n leid tameẓyant – ass ideg ttawṭen medden wid d tid i yasen-immuten, d aya i yettawin yidsen. Ass aneggaru n remṭan, truḥun madden truẓen-ed ariḥan, i ttarzen d taqebbiṭ meẓẓiyen. Ad ines. Azekkuyen, zik, aqbel ad tali tafat, ttekaren wid ara yeftun (ruḥen) Yer temṭelṭ - deg leewayed i yfettun d tameqrant n wexxan. Ad awin yidsen lqahwa, ayefki d tkeekucin yakkid d uriḥan i d-rẓan iṭ izrin. Akken ara wṭenṭ lxalat Yer temṭelṭ, ad kkent yak Yef yiẓekwan n wid d tid i yasent-ed-ikkan. Yal tikkelt m’ara wṭenṭ Yer yiwen n uẓekka, ad selment Yef win / tin yemmuten, ad mmeslayent yides s teYzef n taYect, ad rnunt as-sersent taseṭṭa n uriḥan.
- M’ara ad d-fakkent yak d wid d tid nsent, ad qlent Yer wid d tin i tent-id-iqerben, alamma kkant-ed yak fell-asen(t), imir ad sersent iman nsent Yef tama n uẓekka n win neY n tin yemmutend taneggarut, ad ksent lqahwa, ayefki d tkeekucin i yed-wwint yidsent, ad as-sqahwint, s tudrin (reminding) n w(t)in yemmuten. (Anect-ayi skurent medden deg Bgayet.)
Amawal[beddel]
- Tineḍwa (sing. tanḍa) - Variety
- Timeskert,< sker = to do) - Usage. Syn. Aseqdec.
- Innaḍen,(sing. ineḍ - craftsman)
Astenyi inu[beddel]
--Wikamezzay (talk) 11:57, 8 Wamber 2013 (UTC)


text:
Marine Le Pen
Marine Le Pen (tlul s yisem n Marion Anne Perrine Le Pen deg wass n 5 Ɣuct 1968 deg Neuilly-sur-Seine), d tameṭṭut n tsertit tafrensist yerna d tabugaṭut. D yelli-s n Jean-Marie Le Pen, aselway aqbur n ukabar n afrensis n Front National (FN - Tirni Taɣelnawt) yerna d nettat ay d-ixelfen baba-s deg wemkan-a deg Yennayer n 2011.
Marine Le Pen tekcem ɣer ukabar n Front National deg 1986. Deg 2000, teqqel d tamaslaḍt (membre) deg Useqqamu n Usselkem (Conseil Exécutif) n ukabar-a, sakkin, gar 2003 ed 2011, teqqel d tanmazult n uselway (vice-présidente) n ukabar. Marine Le Pen teqdec daɣen d tamaslaḍt deg yegrawen n tmiwa n Fransa: gar 1998 ed 2004, tettekka deg Useqqamu Awaẓi (conseil régional) n Nord-Pas-de-Calais, gar 2004 ed 2010, tettekka deg Useqqamu Awaẓi n Ile-de-France, sakkin, deg 2010, tɛawed tettwafren d tamaslaḍt deg Useqqamu n Nord-Pas-de-Calais. Le Pen tettekka daɣen deg useqqamu n tɣiwant n Hénin-Beaumont (deg ugezdu n Pas-de-Calais) gar 2008 ed 2011.


text:
Imaziɣen
Imaziɣen d imezdaɣen ineṣliyen deg tefriqt ugafa, d nitni ay d amur ameqran deg yimezdaɣen n Tmazɣa, tutlayt-nsen d tamaziɣt, xas ma yella aṭas deg-sen ass-a la ttmeslayen taɛrabt.
Imaziɣen ḥerren-d akal d ameqran, yewwet seg wemda n Isiwan, deg Utaram (lɣerb) n Maṣer alamma alamma d Targa Zewwaɣen d Muriṭanya, ɣef yiri n ugaraw Aṭlasi. Yuɣ lḥal, d Imaziɣen ay d agdud n Tefriqt awḥid ay d-iḥerren anect-agi n wakal, imi amur ameqran deg yegduden ifriqiyen nniḍen, tikwal sɛan kan akal d amecṭuḥ, tikwal bitt, cerken-t akk d yegduden nniḍen. Imaziɣen ttuneḥsaben d agdud n yiri (race) amellal, xas ma yella nettaf gar-asen aṭas n yimibriken d yiberkanen.
Aṭas n Yimaziɣen ay d-mazal la ttmeslayen tamaziɣt, yernu deg yiseggasen-agi ineggura, aṭas n trebbaɛ timaziɣin ay d-yennulfan i wakken ad wwtent u ad ḥerzent tutlayt-nsent. Xas ma yella tantalyin (dialectes) ay ttmeslayen Yimaziɣen mxallafent si tama ɣer tayeḍ, maca kkant-d akk seg yiwen n uẓar, seg yiwet n tutlayt, yernu yeshel ɣef waṭas n trebbaɛ timaziɣin ad msefhament wagar-asent s tutlayt-nsent, xas ma yella mxallafent tentalyin-nsent.
Imaziɣen mazal ṭṭfen deg waṭas n wansayen (lɛaddat), ladɣa wid yettidiren di Merruk akk d Uneẓruf (ṣṣeḥra), d acu kan, ass-a, aṭas n wansayen imaziɣen ay yellan ɣef yiri n nnger, la ten-ttaǧǧan medden yernu ur d asen-ttgen ara leqrar. Nnig waya, ula d tutlayt tamaziɣt la tettuɣal ɣer deffir deg waṭas n tmiwa n Tmazɣa, medden la tt-ttaǧǧan, ilmeẓyen ur a ttlemmden ara, dɣa yessefk ad yettwaxdem kra n leqdic s lḥir i lmend n ussukkes n tutlayt di tmiwa-ya.
Ass-agi llan azal n 45 imelyan n imaziɣen g ddunit ilkul.
Imaziɣen yettwasnen[beddel]
Daɣen
Wali[beddel]
Tamselyut[beddel]
- http://amastan1.tripod.com/ Sɣur Umar Muffuk


text:
Afir
seg wedlis : Agraw amectuḥ n wawalen n tsekla, Muḥend Akli Salḥi HCA 2006
D tayunt gar tayunin yessudusen asefru. Di tira, tayunt-agi, tettwaru iman-is s yiwen ucerriḍ. Taggayt n yefyar (i yesdukel wakat neY tesdukel tmeYrut), tettak-d taseddart; taggayt n tseddarin tettak-d asefru.
S umata llant snat n tmuYliwin i d-yessefhamen d acu i d afir.
Tamezwarut, teqqar-d: akken ad yili wafer yessefk ad t-id-iqabel wafer nniḍen. Meḥsub, ur yezmir ara ad yili yiwen wafer iman-is (xerṣum ad ilin sin yefyar).
Ma d tamuYli tis snat, afir Yer-s d ini yeṭṭafaren yiwen uzenziY (lqaleb) n wakat.
Di teqbaylit, llan sin leṣnaf n yefyar. Afir aḥerfi d wafer uddis. Yettuneḥsab wafer d aḥerfi mi ara yili yemmed mebla ma yefreq d iḥricen:
Lekdeb yurew-d lbaṭel
Lbaṭel d baba-s n lxuf
Lxuf yurew-d tirrugza
Tirrugza tYleb-iten yakk
Tirrugza tesea-d tidett
Tidett m’a taweḍ lḥedd-is
A d-teseu lekdeb d mmi-s
Lekdeb yurew-d lbaṭel
Tirrugza teYleb-iten yak
Akka i la tberren ddunit
(D tikkist seg si lekdeb Yer tidett, Lunis Ait Menguellat)
Ma d afir uddis, yebda d iḥricen; yettusemma yebna Yef sin neY tlata yeḥricen.
Ul-iw gzem-it, celleḥ-it ḍegger-it s aman.
Ma d rruḥ-iw, ddem-it uqbel lawan.
Ad steefuY, ad ḥluY seg yir aṭṭan.
Ur ttrağuY, a ttrejrijeY deg uḍan.
Ur ttrağuY, deg wayen yeggulen ur d-iban.
Seg-m ad ḥluY, ad zedYeY gar iẓekwan.
(D tikkist seg Ul-iw gezm-it, Lounes Matoub)
Ma tebɣiḍ ad tissineḍ ugar ɣef tmedyazt taqbaylit tatrart, rzu ɣer http://imedyazen.blogspot.com/


text:
Isaac Newton
Newton sir Isaac ilul ass n 25 dujember 1642 di temdint Woolsthorpe (tamurt n Legliz), mi zrin sin wagguren ɣef tmettant n baba-s. Yemma-s Hannah teǧǧa-t i jidda-s ad t-id-tessker.
Newton ikfa taɣuri-ines tamezwarut di Trinity College n Grantham. Deg useggas 1661 ikcem ɣer tesdawit n Cambridge ikemmel taɣuri armi d aseggas 1665 ansa i d-iffeɣ s turagt (licence), aseggas-a i d-teḍra temsalt n tteteffaḥt is-d ildin allen ɣef ujebbud n tfekkiwin (attraction des corps).
Deg useggas 1667 Newton yuɣal d imekki di tesdawit Cambridge. Deg useggas 1666 isnulfa-d asiḍen (calcul). Deg useggas 1669 yuɣ amḍiq d aselmad n tusnakt di tesdawit n Cambridge. Newton yerra aṭas lmendad-is ar tiddit n tafat, deg useggas 1672 Newton yeɛreḍ ad d-yaf tifeɣt n ini (couleur) n tafat, inna-d: “Tafat d asmlili n iẓenẓaren n ini”.
Deg useggas 1686 isnulfa-d tilḥi (dynamique) s lsas n kraḍ ilugan n umussu:
- Amenzay amenzu: Tafekka ur tettmimiḍ ara neɣ amussu-ines ur ittbeddil ara (tazzla-ines), ma illa azal n tmernit n imsedda (somme véctorielle) n tezmert i tt-yeɛnan d ilem.
- Amenzay wis-sin : Lsas n tilḥi
Newton, iqqen timzizzelt (accéleration) n tfekka ɣer tezmert i tt-yeɛnan: F=ma
F : tazmert (N) m : tazsit n tfekka (kg) a: timzizzelt m/s2
- Amenzay wis-kraḍ: Tigawt d tesdmert (action-réaction)
Ma illa tafekka 1 tedemmir tafekka nniḍen 2 s tezmert f1,2, ihi, tafekka tis-snat tettara-d I tfekka 1 tazmert f2,1: f1/2+f2/1=0
Newton iddem-d ilugan-a iseqdec-iten ɣer wid n Kepler, sway i d-yufa: kra n tfekka illan di tallunt (espace) neɣ deg umḍal, tettaɣ-itt tazmert i wumi semman aselmem (gravité).Yura daɣen Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica deg useggas n 1687. Ilmend n wayen iqdec d wayen i d-ifka, isem-is yuɣ aferdis (unité) n tezmert (N).
Tamselyut[beddel]


text:
Microsoft Windows
Windows (s tseklant "isfuyla" s tutlayt taglizit) d yiwet n tseddaṛt n inagramen n wammud id fres Microsoft iy selkimen imṣudan PC. D win id yarnan deffir MS DOS. Seg segwasen 1990 (agim, tza twines d tzat) , d ttwafɣa n Windows 95, id yemmugren arbaḥ ameqṛan, dɣa imi amaẓrag ines yestenya amtawa d waṭas imasraken n-iselkimen iwakken ad sveddayen deg furas nsen ala Windows 95 naɣ muyaf asen gen tafagwit n tedrimt, ayagi yeǧǧat ad yawi amḍiq ameqṛan deg ugduz.
taseddaṛt n Windows degs aṭas ifurkawen:
- Afurk amenzu, d win umi neqqar afurk 16 (mraw sed) ibitten, iɣum Windows si lqem 1 ar 3.11 (3.2 s tcinwatt), Ifɣed asegwas n 1985 (mraw tza twines d tamet sem), ileḥḥu (itedddu) kan deg selkimen imṣudan PC, uqqin 16 ibitten.
- Afurk wissin, umi qqaren afurk Windows NT (Windows NT 3.1, NT 4.O, arnu Windows 2000), ifɣed di 1993. D taneflit id yalsen (iɛawden) seg ulac, ittwaxdem iy selkimen n yemdanen d iqeddacen d iselkimen imyagwan PC. Di tazwara llan seqdacent tmettiwin.
Di 2001 Windows XP yeffɣed, yuɣal ufurk agi sseqdacent yemdanen marra, ayen yeǧǧan Microdoft ad suffaɣ wa deffir wayeḍ Windows Vista d Windows 7.
- Afurk wis kraḍ, umi qqaren tikwal afurk Windows 9x, yefɣed asegwas n 1995, idder s-umsaday d ufurk NT. Afurk agi yevda d Windows 95, yarnad fellas Windows 98 d Windows Me. Yettwassen aṭas seg imdanen, yarna yusad iwakken ad yeṭṭef amḍiq n ufurk amenzu, yella d-afurk amezwaru s 32 ibitten.
- Afurk wis kuz, umi qqaren afurk Windows CE, yefɣed asegwas n 1996. Yusad akken ad yeddu deg inagrawen yettwabban d warrumen fssusen n ufus (tilifun (teleɣri) ufus). d netta id azadur n Windows Mobile d Pocket PC.
Ifurkawen itikniken n Windows[beddel]
Afurk n 16 ibitten[beddel]
Ismawen n tengalin yettwasnen ger wacciwen.
- Windows 1.0 : wanber 1985
- Windows 2 : duǧamber 1987
- Windows 2.10 i 286 : duǧamber 1987
- Windows 2.10 i 386 : duǧamber 1987
- Windows 2.11 …
- Windows 3.0 : mayu 1990
- Windows 3.1 "Janus" : yebrir 1992
- Windows i Workgroups 3.1 "Kato" : tuber 1992
- Windows i Workgroups 3.11 "Snowball" : wanber 1993
- Windows i Workgroups 3.2 (lqem acinwat n Windows i Workgroups 3.11) : …
Ileqmen imezwura n Windows ttwasekkaren si DOS, sseqdacen anagraw n ifuyla n DOS. Sinna Windows tsekcmed kra n twura n unagraw n wammud, am umasal n uselkam n yimanis, asefrek n ukala multitaches, asefrek n tkatut tahlist d inuḍafen iw sefrek n ubeqqeḍ, asiggez, anasiw, imesli ... d wiyaḍ. Windows 2.10 i 386 yuǧwed ula d netta seg iketturen n Intel 80386, am usersi n yiɣes s uqqin imesten d uselkem n ahilen DOS di tmacinin tuhlisin s uqqin 8086.
Nezmer daɣen anesseqdac Windows di DOS wiyaḍ mači MS-DOS n Windows, am PC-DOS n IBM naɣ DR-DOS, maca ilaq an eǧǧ di rrif yark inzan inezriyen id ittcegga uselkim deg usbeddi. si Windows 95, agrudem udlif yuɣal susmenzi d-amadraw n MS-DOS. Dayen id yessekren ugur ger Caldera, ig llan d-amaẓrag n DR-DOS di lawan nni, yettaǧǧan daɣen Windows ad yelḥu, d Windows. Si Windows XP, nezmer ad nini dakken DOS dayen iruḥ yark seg nagramen n wammud n Microsoft, maca talalt ines tezmer adili.
Afurk 9x[beddel]
Ismawen n tengalin yettwasnen ger wacciwen.
- Windows 95 "Cikago" : ɣuct 1995
- Windows 95 OSR2 "Detroit" : ɣuct 1996
- Windows 98 "Memphis" : yunyu 1998
- Windows 98 Taẓrigt tissnat, naɣ daɣen « Windows 98 SE ») : mayu 1999
- Windows Me (naɣ Windows Millennium taẓrigt) : ctember 2000
A laǧay n yiɣes n NT meẓẓiyen aṭas d ugar n useqdec n wahilen ddaw MS-DOS, Microsoft tẓerged yiwen unagraw n wammud iwakken ad yettwaseqdac sɣuṛ yemdanen maṛṛa, d win id yebwin tiɣerwan yelhan n Windows NT u yeqqim d-amṣadan d-ileqman imenza n Windows d MS-DOS. Inagrawen Windows 95 d wid it idiḍefṛen d-inemhazen iregnawen 16/32 ibitten n-ileqman Windows 3.0 d 3.1. Ttwasulin yark ɣef yiwet tmudemt inuḍafen: i VxD ten. Di 1995, Windows 95 yebwid aṭas tɣawsuwin timaynutin: tissi n uzeṭṭa id yesukkes si tin n Windows NT, agrudem udlif amaynut. Mači d-anagraw n wammud amaynut, maca d tanemhazt n Windows 3.1. ɣuṛ Windows 95 tazmert iwakken ad yelḥu ɣef tiwilawin unekcum n tseddaṛt s wazal n 4 MO n tkatut tuddirt (RAM), lqem OSR2 n Windows 95 yebwid ttawil n tawadma n tezmart n USB d FAT32.
Lqem agi amezwaru yettwasnen ussan nni n tneflit ines s yisem n "Chicago" u yefɣed s yisem n Windows 95, yemmugred tinemhazin timeqṛanin, garasent Windows 98 d Windows Me (Millenium Edition), igeǧǧan inagrawen n wammud n Microsoft ad ttwasnen xilla. Ileqman agi yark sɛan yiwen wugur ameqṛan ninfafaden, ayen yeǧǧan Microsoft ad suffaɣ afurk n Windows NT 5.1 naɣ win umi neqqaṛ Windows XP iwakken att qazem ugur agi.
Afurk Windows NT[beddel]
Ismawen n tengalin yettwasnen ger wacciwen.
- Windows NT 3.1 : ɣuct 1993
- Windows NT 3.5 "Daytona" : ctember 1994
- Windows NT 3.51 : yunyu 1995
- Windows NT 4.0 : ɣuct 1996
- Windows 2000 (Cairo) : fuṛaṛ 2000
- Windows 2000 SP1 : ɣuct 2000
- Windows 2000 SP2 : mayu 2001
- Windows XP "Whistler, iluled seg ufsay n usenfar Neptune d win n Odyssey" : 25 tubaṛ 2001
- Windows 2000 SP3 : yulyu 2002
- Windows XP SP1 : ctember 2002
- Windows XP taẓrigt Media Center : 2002
- Windows Server 2003 : mayu 2003
- Windows 2000 SP4 : yulyu 2003
- Windows XP taẓrigt Starter : ɣuct 2004
- Windows XP SP2 : ɣuct 2004
- Windows XP taẓrigt axxam n "Windows XP Édition familiale / Windows XP taẓrigt twacult" : yebrir 2005
- Windows XP 64 : avril 2005
- Windows XP taẓrigt Media Center 2005 : ɣuct 2005
- Windows Vista "Longhorn" : nunber 2006 i taṛmisin ; 30 yennayer 2007 i yemdanen maṛṛa.
- Windows Server 2008 : fuṛaṛ 2008
- Windows XP SP3 : yebrir 2008
- Windows Vista SP1 "Windows Fiji" : id yefɣen di meɣṛes 2008
- Windows Vista SP2 : yefɣed yunyu 2009
- Windows 7 "Windows Vienna" : ifɣed ass n 22 tubaṛ 2009
- Windows Server 2008 R2, ifɣad yiwen wass netta d Windows 7 (ass n 22 tubaṛ 2009)
- Windows 7 SP1 : ifɣed fuṛaṛ 2011
- Windows 8 : i 2012
- Windows Home Server 2011 : uṛɛad id yeffaɣ acku ur yewjid ara.


text:
Hewwari Bumedyen
Hewwari Bumedyen (ilul seg yisem n Muḥemmed Ben Brahim Buxerruba deg 23 Ɣuct 1932 deg Ɛin Ḥsayneyya, Galma - yemmut deg 27 Dujember 1978 deg temdint n Ldzayer), d aserdas adzayri, d aselway wis sin n tmurt n Ldzayer (deffir uzarug), gar 1965 ed 1976, yerna yeqdec d aselway n Useqqamu n Tegrawla gar 1965 ed 1976.
Deg tallit n wemgaru (ṭṭrad) n Ldzayer, yefka i yiman-nnes isem n Hewwari Bumedeyn yerna yuweḍ ɣer tfesna (legṛad) n weknaner (colonel). Deg 1959, yeqqel d Imḍebber Aɛlayan n Yigen n Weslelli Aɣelnaw (armée de libération nationale). Asmi ay tuwey Ldzayer azarug-nnes (indépendance) deg 1962, Boumediene yeqqel d aneɣlaf n temḥaddit ddaw uselway Aḥmed Ben Bella, am wakken ay yeṭṭef amkan n wenmazul n Uneɣlaf Amezwaru (vice-Premier misinitre) gar 1963 ed 1965. Deg wass n 17 Yunyu 1965, Bumedyen yesseɣli Ben Bella seg udabu yerna yeqqel d netta d aselway n tegduda. Deg wass n 20 Yunyu n useggas-nni, yerna yeṭṭef ula d amkan n Uneɣlaf Amezwaru.


text:
Musa
Musa (s tɛebrit: מֹשֶׁה Moce Mošé, s teɛrabt: موسى, Mūsā), d mmis n Ɛamran akw d Yukibed. D ameskar, d amdan amenzawi deg idles n laɛqed aqbur. S uwehi n Yakuc, d netta i yuran ayen umi qqaren s tefranṣiṣt Pentateuque. D 5 n yedlisen imezwura n laɛqed aqbur (Genèse, Exode, Lévitique, livre des Nombres, Deutéronome), anda id iḥka tudert-is, amezruy n lejdud-is, d win n At israil.
Asmi id ilul, yemma-s tuga-d agellid Ferɛun ad a ttineɣ akken i yurga ilaq ad ineɣ yal lufan aɛibrani id ilulen imiren asmi id ilul Musa. Tuɣal d tegrit ar waman n Nil, s wanda i t-idekkes yelli-s n ugellid-a. Dɣa tenna-k, "MSYTHW" neɣ Mecitihu, anamek ines Kkes-aɣ-t id seg waman. Syen id yekka yisem "MSH", neɣ Musa.
Daɣen llan wid i qqaren belli, isem n Musa, yekka-d si tutlayt i hedren imiren imaṣriyen, seg awal MS, anamek-is "Ikka-d", neɣ "ifrurx-ed". Llan daɣen wid iqqaren, awal-a ikka-d si tmaziɣt Mmis, imi neẓra Tamazɣa ur tebɛid ara af tmurt n Maṣer.
Musa yuɣal ittureba-d seg teɣremt n ugellid Ferɛun. Asmi yuɣal meqq°er, iwala amek nezfen, uḍenen, qṛeḥen wid yellan d atmaten-is deg idammen, war ma yeẓra. Wid yellan di ɛibraniyen, d iqeddacen n ugellid Ferɛun. Dɣa yiwen n wass iwala yiwen umaṣri la yekkat yiwen wergaz aɛibrani, yenɣa-t u yenṭel-it. Asmi yelḥa wawal af wannecta, dɣa yerwel si tmurt n Maṣer ar tmurt n Medyen. Yewweḍ ar yiwen wanu iḥud kra n tameksiwin n Medyen mgal kra n yergazen imeksawen. Dɣa tiḥdayin-a ar tenṭ s axxam n babat-nsent, i yellan meqq°er di Medyen. Isem-is nettaf-it ihi di Madyan Jethro (יתרו) neɣ Réuel (רעואל). Ilmend n wayen yexdem, yefka-yas yelli-s Séphora (צפורה) ad yezweǧ yid-s.
S uwehi n Yakuc, iseggasen mbaɛd, yuɣal-ed ar tmurt n Maṣer i wakken ad yefk tilelli i wegdud Aɛibrani, i yellan s ddaw uzaglu n ugellid Ferɛun. I wakken a ten-isuffeɣ seg Maṣer ar tmurt n Kanɛan. Yuzen-as-d Yakuc mraw (10) iludan, ak° d tagruma n ilugan ak° d iṣuḍaf n wejjed, timetti, d wučči. Annecta yak° illa-d deg wayen umi isemm-a Tura (Torah).


text:
Tirlandit
Tirlandit neɣ tagaelit d nettat ay d tutlayt taneṣlit n qrib merra imezdaɣen n tegzirt n Irland, xas ma yella ala kan 26 % n Yirlandiyen ara tt-yettmeslayen mliḥ ass-a. Anabaḍ n Irland yerr-tt d nettat ay d tutlayt yamenṣabt (officielle), maca xas yebɣa tirlandit ad tuɣal d nettat ay d tutlayt tawḥidt i yes ara tleḥḥu tmurt sya ar sdat, mazal taglizit tesɛa azal meqqren aṭas, ama ɣur wegdud Irlandi ay tt-yettmeslayen kullas, ama ɣur n udabu n tmurt-agi.
Tamurt-is[beddel]
Irland d yiwet si tegzirin timeqqranin akk deg wemḍal, imi ay tesɛa 84.000 km2 (n yikilumitren imkuẓen). D acu kan, xas agdud aneṣli n tegzirt-a yiwen-ines, Irland tebḍa ass-a ɣef sin yeḥricen : Irland n Ugafa, ay teḥkem Briṭanya Tameqqrant akk d Tegduda n Irland, ay yewwin azarug-is di 1921, u tesɛa ass-a 70.000 km2 yernu zedɣen-tt 3.700.000 n yimezdaɣen. Maca seg wasmi ay d-tlul tegduda tirlandit (yewwin aḥric meqqren si tegzirt), ara ssuturen Yirlandiyen n ugafa ad teffeɣ Briṭanya Tameqqrant seg wakal-nsen u ad ttwaqqnen ula d nitni ɣer Irland tilellit.
Tawacult-is[beddel]
Tirlandit d yiwet si tutlayin tiqburin akk di Turft (Europe) u tekcem di terbaɛt n tutlayin tiseltin (celtiques) ay yellan d aḥric si twacult n tutlayin tihendurufiyin (indo-européennes). Dɣa xas ma yella tirlandit d tutlayt tahendurufit am teglizit neɣ tafrensist, ur tent-čuba ara aṭas, wanag čuba tutlayin ugar tutlayin tiseltin ay tt-iqerben, am Tikusit (écossais), Tamankst (ay ttmeslayen di tegzirt n Man), Tagalit (gallois/welsh) akk d tebriṭunit (breton) ay ttmeslayen di tama n Bretagne, di Fransa.
Timiwa n Gaeltacht[beddel]
D timiwa i deg d-mazal medden ttmeslayen mliḥ tirlandit yernu d tin ay d tutlayt-nsen tamezwarut di tudert-nsen n kullas. Tuget deg yemḍiqen n Gaeltacht uzgan-d deg Wetram (lɣerb) n Irland akk d kra n tegzirin tutrimin. Aḥric meqqren seg yikuntiyen (comtés) n Donegal, Mayo, Galway, Kerry akk d Cork kecmen di tmiwa n Gaeltacht yernu azal n 80.000 n yemdanen ara yilin zedɣen di tmiwa-ya. Tuget deg yimezdaɣen-agi ttidiren s tfellaḥt neɣ s tkessawt, yernu aṭas n wansayen (traditions) irlandiyen iqburen ay d-mazal ddren ɣur-sen am uẓawan amensay (musique traditionnelle) akk d tutlayt tirlandit taqburt.
Timiwa n Gaeltacht sɛan ddur' meqqren aṭas deg wesnerni n tutlayt tirlandit di Irland. Akken ad yesnerni udabu timiwa-yagi u ad tent-yerr leɛɛbent ddur' di tdamsa n tmurt, yesbedd-d tanegga n Udaras na Gaeltachta. Tanegga-yagi tettekkay deg wesnerni n tme! r rayt (tourisme) tadelsant di tmiwa n Gaeltacht, dɣa aṭas n medden ay d-irezzun ɣef tmiwa-ya akken ad issinen tutlayt d wansayen ineṣliyen irlandiyen, am wakken diɣ ara ẓren ccbaḥa n tmurt-agi, d ayen d-issekcamen idrimen imeqqranen i tmiwa-ya. Am wakken diɣ ay tessebɣas (encourager) tnegga n Udaras na Gaeltachta tikebbaniyin akken ad sseqdacent tirlandit di leqdic. Llant aṭas n tkebbaniyin ara yesseftayen (investir) idrimen-nsent di tmiwa n Gaeltacht, u anect-a d ayen inefɛen s waṭas tadamsa tirlandit.
Si tama nniḍen, imezdaɣen n tmiwa n Gaeltacht ssawaḍen taɣect-nsen ɣer wakk timiwa nniḍen n Irland, imi ay sɛan yiwet n rr'adyu mechur'en, "Raidio na Gaeltachta" yettmeslayen s tirlandit, yernu ttaken-as-d tameẓẓuɣt waṭas n medden, am wakken diɣ ara tleɛɛeb tilibizyu n tutlayt tirlandit , TG4, ddur' meqqren deg uselḥu n tutlayt-agi di tmurt merr'a.
Assider n tutlayt tirlandit maci ala kan d idles irlandi ay yenfeɛ, wanag yewwi-d lfayda meqqren i tdamsa (économie) n tegduda tirlandit. D anect-n umi ifaq udabu n tmurt-agi, u s waya ay nezmer ad d-nini d akken tirlandit yettr'aǧu-tt lxir meqqren ɣer sdat, imi ay tettekkay di lebni n tmurt-is.
Tamselyut[beddel]
- Deg mondeberbere.com Sɣur Hamid OUBAGHA.


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Tutlayt yellan deg umihi
Tutlayt yellan deg umihi d tin ayen ara iteddun akken ad tenger deg yimal (avenir) i d-iqerben. Aṭas n tutlayin ayen ara ttaǧǧan yimawlan-nsent, u sseqdacen deg wemkan-nsent tutlayin nniḍen, tid ay yettuseqdacen s waṭas di tmiwa neɣ di tmura i deg ttidiren, am teglizit deg Yiwunak Yedduklan (USA) neɣ taspenyulit di Miksik. Ma ur nbeddel ara lumur yellan ass-a, tutlayin-agi yellan deg umihi ur tent-id-yettaf ara lqern-agi ara d-iteddun.
Aṭas n tutlayin nniḍen ay uɣalen ur a tent-lemmden yigerdan wala leǧyal ijdiden n yimeqranen, dɣa asmi ara yemmet yemsiwel-nsent aneggaru, tutlayin-agi ad negrent. Yuɣ lḥal, aṭas n tutlayin umi d-yeqqim ala kan yiwen wemdan ay tent-yettmeslayen, yernu asmi ara yemmet wemdan-agi, ula d tutlayt-nni ad tettusemma temmut, dɣa ur d-mazal ad yili win ara tt-yemmeslayen wala win ara tt-yissinen.
Tamselyut[beddel]
- imedyazen sɣur Omar mouffok.


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New York
New York d nettat ay d tamdint tameqqrant akk deg Yiwunak Yeddukklen. Tezga-d deg ugafa-agmuḍan (nord-est) n tmurt, ɣef Ugaraw Aṭlasi. Zedɣen-tt 8.336.697 n yimezdaɣen (19.006.798 s yegmamen ay d-yezzin fell-as). Tamdint-a tezga-d deg uwanak n New York.
Isunen n weɣrem n New York[beddel]
Llan semmus (5) n yisunen deg New York, s tenglizt qqaren-as Boroughs.
- Manhattan : agwans n temdint, tella af tegzirt n Manhattan. Llant deg-s Wall Street, Tasdawit n New York, Tasdawit n Columbia, asutel n Yiwunak Yeddukklen (ONU/NU). Ɣur-es imezdaɣen 1 546 856 deg-s.
- The Bronx : ay d asun agellil akk deg weɣrem n New York akwd tdersiwin (minorités) tiberkanin d tispanikin maca tuɣal-d cwiṭ n teɣlist seg 20 iseggassen i yezrin. Ay d dduḥ n uẓawan Hip-Hop, deg-s illa Asarir Yankees Stadium. Ɣur-es 1 354 068 imezdaɣen deg-s.
- Queens : Ɣur-es 2 237 815 imezdaɣen deg-s. Yeḍra US Open dinna yal uggur n ctember, deg-s llan imafagen n JFK d La Guardia. Illa d agemim n tmezduɣt d tmugri (industry).
- Brooklyn : Agemim n tmezduɣt n New-Yorkers. Ɣur-es 2 488 194 imezdaɣen deg-s
- Staten Island : Ɣur-es imezdaɣen 491 730 deg-s. Daɣem d agemim n tmezduɣt n New-Yorkers, yuggug si Manhattan.


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Kanada
Talɣa:Dablink Talɣa:Infobox Country
Kanada (Talɣa:IPA-en) d tamurt d-yezgan degugafa n Temrikt, unagraw Ataltik deg usamar ar Ugaraw Amlwi deg usamar ar ugafa deg ugaraw Atlantik. D tamurt tameqqrant akk tiss snat dg umaḍal.
Akal yettusemman assa Kanada zedghent azal n alef iseggasen ihendiwen. Di tagara n lqern wis 15 bdant ibritaniyen d ifransiyen ttsasen akken ad nadin, syen zeghen deg rrif n unagraw atlanti. Fransa tedja qrib ayen thar deg Fransa tamynut i Britanya deffir ttrad n sebaa iseggasen n 1763.deg 1867, 3 temnadin deg temrikt ugafa tabritanit dduklent akken ad weqment tamurt tafidiralit n 4 temnadin. deg 1867, Nova Scotia d New Brunswick dduklent deg tfidiralit n Kanada.... . Tafidiralit n Kanada s 10 temnadin d 3 akalen ines tesaa aberlman ,ixef n ddula d tagellidt Queen Elizabeth II . d tamurt yesaan snat tutlayin timensabin, taglizit d tefransist.Kanada tettekki deg G8, NATO, akk d Commonwealth of Nations, dFrancophonie, d United Nations.
Azar n wawal[beddel]
Awal kanada yekka-d seg tutlayt tayirukwayt n St. Lawrence kanata, anamek nines "taddart" . deg 1535, imezdagh insaliyen n temdint n Kibik n wassa sqedcen awal agi akken as mlen abrid i Jacques Cartier ar taddart n Stadacona. syen Cartier yughal yesseqdac awal Kanada akken ad yemsslay ghef taddart nni d temnadt nni irkelli n Donnacona (ameqran n taddart n Stadacona); mi nessawed 1545, idlisen d tikardiwin tiurufiyin bdan ttsemayen i temnadt akk Kanada.
seg tazwara n lqern wis 17 d asawen,tamanadt n Fransa tamaynutd yegan rrif n wasif n Saint Lawrence d rrif n timedwa timeqranin negh Geat Lakes semman-as Kanada, tmanadt bdan ibritaniyen ghef sin, Kanada ufella Upper Canada d Kanada n wadda Lower Canada, armi n usdukkel nsen deg temnadt n kanada Province of Canada deg 1841. deffir n weskar n tkunfidiralin n kanada Confederation deg 1867, isem Kanada yettwafren ad yili d isem unsib n tmurt.


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CMS
CMS (Content Management Sytem) d yiwen wahil s wayen yiwen yezmer ad yesnulfu yiwen usmel Internet. S wahil-a, yezmer yiwen ad yedbel asmel-is war ilYi (yettusemma yeshel).
Γef umedya, aqeddac n usmel, ma yebYa ad yernu yiwen umagrad ad yeqqen deg wagrudem n tedbelt (s yisem-is d wawal ueeddi), ad yaru amagrad-nni, ad t-iẓer, dYa ma yehwa-as ad t-yekles. Imiren zemren akk medden ad ẓren amagrad-a deg Internet. S CMS nezmer ad nernu taggayin anda ar ad yilin yimagraden, yal yiwen deg teggayt ines. DaYen, imagraden zemren ad seun tugniwin (tikwal tugna tif inaw Yezzifen) neY iseYwan (Yef yimagraden neY ismal ay icudden).
Gar CMS, yella Joomla, Spip neY Wordpress Yef umedya.


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Tinariwen
Tinariwen (s t-targit naY tamaceq : « ⵜⵏⵔⵓⵏ » d-asget n: Tenere) d yiwet n tarbaet icennayen id yusan seg tmurt n Tessalit di Azawad deg Adrar n IfuYas [1],[2],[3].
Ccna nsen, assuf, tebwid cbaha Yer blues, d rock d ccna itargiyen tamensayt. D tin i wumi neqqaṛ tura blues tuareg, axaṭar am blues ccna yagi yekka-d seg assuf d aṭṭan yuYen imaziYen n kel tamaceq deg akal nsen.
Llan sin iqaṛṛay deg tarbaet agi, yiwen Ibrahim ag Alhabib « Abraybone » wayeḍ d Alhousseini ag Abdoulahi « Abdallah », maca ilaq an wali tinariwen am akken d tawacult tameqṛant, d tiddukla tadelsant.
Llan daYen aṭas inaẓuren id yettasen Yer tarbaet n tinariwen, am Mohamed ag Itlal i wumi qqaren «Ajapuni».
Tameddurmant[beddel]
Tluled tarbaet agi asegwas n 1982, deg yiwet n tfaska id yellan di temdint n lzzayer, sYur Ibrahim ag Alhabib, Alhassan ag Touhami d-Intayaden, TaYreft Tinariwen, wigi llan d-icennayen, maca daYen d-igrawliyen yennuYen Yef uzref n-ugdud atargi amaziYnsen isegwasen nni 1990, s ccna nsen, arran-d asirem i watmaten nsen kel tamaceq.
di tzwara, kṛad agi n yemdukal llan tturaren s snitra tasfeldant, sinna mmugren-d inaẓuren n voix du Hoggar is yefkan i Ibrahim snitra y ines elektrik tamezwarut. Di temdint n Tamenṛaset, gan kra tfaskiwin yidsen Kṛad n tilawin, sinna di tmurt n Libya mmugren-d Mohamed ag Itlal, «Ajapuni» di lawan nni id bda tagrawla nni isegwasen n 1990.
Imasladen n tarbaet[beddel]
- Ibrahim ag Alhabib, umi qqaren « Abraybone » (snitra, Ccna, tasudest)
- AlḤousseini ag Abdoulahi, umi qqaren « Abdallah », naY « Catastrophe », (snitra, Ccna, tasudest)
- AlḤassane ag Touhami, umi qqaren « Abin-Abin » naY "Aharr", umi qqaren « Le lion du désert » (snitra, Ccna, tasudest)
- Saïd ag Ayad (percussions, chœurs)
- Eyadou ag Lece (basse, snitra, chœurs, percussions, tasudest)
- Abdallah ag Lamida, dit « Intidao » (snitra, chœurs, tasudest)
- Wounou wallet Sidati (chœurs, claps)
- Kesa wallet Ḥamid (chœurs, claps)
Imasladen nniḍen[beddel]
- Mohamed ag Itlal, umi qqaren « Japuni » (snitra, Ccna, tasudest), yella deg taklast The Radio Tisdas Sessions et Aman Iman.
- Kedhou ag Ossad, umi qqaren « Khiwaj » (snitra, Ccna, tasudest), yella deg taklast The Radio Tisdas Sessions.
- Mina wallet Oumar (chœurs, claps); tella d tarbaet armi d 2007; dek taklasin Amassakoul d Aman Iman.
- Elaga ag Hamid (snitra, chœurs), yella d tarbaet armi d 2007; dek taklasin Amassakoul d Aman Iman.
- Foy-Foy (snitra, Ccna), yella deg taklast The Radio Tisdas Sessions.
- Liya ag Ablil umi qqaren « Diarra » (snitra, Ccna, tasudest), yella deg taklast Imidiwan : Companions d win Ténéré d Bamako.
- Sanou ag Ahmed, yella deg taklast Imidiwan : Companions.
- Sweiloum
Aḍebsaru[beddel]
- 1992 : Tenere
- 1993 : Bamako
- 2002 : The Radio Tisdas Sessions
- 2004 : Amassakoul Amasakul
- 2006 : The Soul Rebel of African Desert, DVD (deg-s asaru Jérémie Reichenbach, The Guitars of the Touareg Rebellion)
- 2007 : Aman Iman
- 2009 : Imidiwan : Companions
- 2011 : Tassili - araz n tkalast « musiques du monde » Ccna n-umaḍal , Grammy Awards 2011
Arazen[beddel]
- 2012 : Araz n tkalast « Musiques du monde » Ccna n-umaḍal deg Grammy Awards wis 54 i tkalast Tassili[4],[5].
Tamesluyt[beddel]
- ↑ Histoire du Monde : histoire d'un disque sur le site de la RTBF le 27 février 2012.
- ↑ Tinariwen dans Le Figaro du 20 septembre 2011.
- ↑ (en)Blues From the Desert, Recorded On-Site dans The New York Times du 31 août 2011.
- ↑ (en) Nominations et résultats des Grammy Awards 2011, sur le site officiel.
- ↑ Un Grammy Award pour les rockeurs de Tinariwen, conteurs des rébellions touareg sur le site de France 24 le 14 février 2012.


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Carl Gustav Jung
Carl Gustav Jung, d amsekliseḍ, d amusnaw n Tiklisent n tmurt n Swis. Yura aṭas n idlisen af Tiklisent s tutlayt talmanit. Ilul ass n le 26 yulyu 1875 di 'Kesswil', taɣiwant tamecṭuḥt n Swis. Imut ass 6 yunyu 1961 di 'Küsnacht' di Swis.
Mi yeɣra deg uɣerbaz n 'Bâle', i kemel taɣuri n tmejjayt d tiklisent. Di 1907, imlal d umusnaw n tiklisent Sigmund Freud, i tyugaren s 19 isegasen. D timlilit i bedlen amecwar-is di tusna n tiklisent. Di 1912, ur mesfhamen ara af kra n tɣawsiwin n tiklisent n Freud.
Di 1920, iruḥ ar tafriqt ugafa ilmend unadi ines.


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Muḥend Arab Besaɛud
Muḥend Aɛrav Besaɛud ilul deg useggas n 1924 deg Tgemmunt Lejdid, deg tɣiwant n At Dewala. Yella deg tegrawla-nni mgal tahrest tafṛansiwt d amaɣnas n Umussu Aɣelnaw Azzayri. Werǧin yefka afus deg wayen yumen d abrid n tidett, d abrid yessuffuɣen ar tlelli n wegdud. Deg Iggen n Uslelli Aɣelnaw (ALN) yerra-t Krim Belqasem d yiwen seg imeqqṛanen.
Deg useggas n 1966 yesbedd Agraw Amaziɣ, netta, Ṭawes Ɛemruc, Muḥemmed Arkun akk d Imaɣnasen nniḍen.
Deg useggas 1978, imsulta ifṛansiwen ḥebsen-t netta akk d wid yettilin imir-nni deg uxxam n Ugraw Amaziɣ, am Saibi akk d sin nniḍen. Ifṛansiwen d aḥṛas i ten-id-ḥeṛsen imir-nni wid yeṭṭfen adabu deg Lezzayer akk d Lmeṛṛuk, Bumdian akk d Ḥasen wis sin.
Snejlan-t seg tmurt n Fransa, yezger ar tmurt n Legniz anda yedder almi d tuɣalin-is ar tmurt deg useggas 1997.
Tazmert d tameɛlalt, aṭan yettnerni, terna-yas teqṛeḥ yenneqṛaḥ zdat n tmenɣiwt n ilemẓiyen deg tefsut taberkant, tewwi-t tmettant ass 01/01/2002. Ittwamdel amenzu n Yennayer n useggas 2952 deg Uqawej.
Agraw Amaziɣ seg wass mi i d-yennulfa yuɣal d taqeṛṛabt n umennuɣ ɣef idles akk tutlayt imaziɣen deg teɣremt n Paris. Deg iseggasen n 70, win i d-yefflen, deg imaɣnasen, seg tmurt nneɣ ar Fṛansa, lembat-is d Agraw Amaziɣ. Agraw-a yekka s waṭas deg takin i yukin iqbayliyen s twaɣit yeḍran yid-sen, tin i sen-yefka udabu azzayri. Agraw amaziɣ yefka i iman-is iswi amenzu a d-issaki agdud yeṭṭsen.
Ccna d yiwen seg wallalen yesseqdec Ugraw Amaziɣ akken ad yessiweḍ izen. Yessawal i icennayen iqbayliyen akken ad cnun ɣef timmuzɣa. Tugett seg-sen rran-d tiɣri. Ass-agi tanemmirt i nutni imi amennuɣ yewweḍ ar wezgen ameqqran deg iswi i yefka i iman-is.
Deg Paris, lamikkal n FLN deg Fṛansa tezga tettnadi amek ad teṛṛez ifadden i wegraw amaziɣ imir-nni. Tella tessexdam nniya n ixeddamen iqbayliyen deg Fṛansa akken ur d-ttarran ara i tiɣriwin n Wegraw neɣ a s-nerwin timliliyin iskarayen. Ma ɣas akken lamikkal tesɛa idrimen aṭas maca ur tessaweḍ ara ad teṛṛez amennuɣ.
Adabu s timmad-is ur yessaweḍ ara ar iswi-s ad iṛṛez amennuɣ n iqbayliyen ɣef timmuzɣa ma ɣas ar ass-a ur yegzim ara asirem. Asirem n udabu yeqqim-d ass-a deg wayen yerki uɣerbaz azzayri akk d ixxamen n ddin. Yessefk kan ur as-neqqaṛ ara: "dayen adabu yefsi tiyersi, dayen newweḍ s iswi, nezmer a nuɣal ar yiḍes".
Yura:
- Am rrezg n imaɣṛasen ur yeddiren ad ẓren « Heureux les Martyrs qui n’ont rien vu »
- Amennuɣ n imdanen imecṭuḥen ɣef taluft annect-ila-tt neɣ amezruy n Wegraw Amaziɣ « de petites gens pour une si grande cause ou l’histoire de l’Académie berbère »


text:
Averroès
Averroès, d isem alatini n Abul-Walid Muḥemmed ibn Rucd, n 'Cordoue', neɣ Abu lwalid Muḥemmed ibn Aḥmed ibn Muḥemmed ibn Aḥmed ibn Aḥmed ibn Rucd, s taɛrabt ( أبو الوليد محمد بن احمد بن محمد بن احمد بن احمد بن رشد ). D amusnaw n Ajjed, n izerfan, n tusnakt, d afilusuf, d amejjay, di tidmi XII.
Averroès ilul di 1126 di Kurdu di tmurt n Spenyul, imut di 10 dujenbir 1198 di Merrakec, tamurt n Merruk.
Tiktiwin ines af ayen yura ufilusuf agriki 'Aristut', ttuseqlent ar tlatinit deg 1230. Isemlal tafilusufit taristukratit akw tneslemt. D netta iskecmen idles agriki d weɛrab ar umaḍal umalu.
Amseḍru isura amaṣri Yusef Cahin ixdem asaru fell-as deg 1997, isem-is 'Le destin'.
Tamselyut[beddel]
- Wikipedia s tefransist


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Bulla:- Ad ixlu Ṛebbi axxamt-ik ! Ad isseɣli taxembirt-inek [1] af usiǧǧew inek ! Ṛebbi ad iɣleq tiḥuna-k issedrem kra yellan n walzazen [2] illan din ! Axi meqqar, mmel-iyi-d d acu ara tzenzeḍ i uwessar anda ussan-is nsan, tazmert tfuk, tudert tqerreb ar uwetu-s (terme) ? D acu n tḥilett tessexdameḍ mgal yid-s u s wacu, ay Ulhim, i tzemreḍ att-teṭfeḍ ?
Ulhim:- Iberdan issawaḍen awessar ar txessart-is qwan. Laɛdez tetteg derwes [3] i tẓallit i uwessar; ṭṭmaɛ ittkellix-as af ṛemḍan ak ttaggalt [4]; tindemmit [5] af tidfiyin [6] it-ifuten at-ḍerrefen ar tufɣa n laɛqel. Mi ur zmiren ad qablen tirga n teḍfi [7] ad serreḥen i asugen [8] ixerbacen [9] ak d isexlumen [10] yesjegḥen [11] u s taɣrit [12] ur d-ḍerrunt. Tidmi [13], iḥiṭṭaken [14] neɣ daɣ ttagaden lmut neɣ att-id-sɛaraḍen [15] iwessura segmaren [16] s ɣur n lexṣaṣ n taflest [17] deg iman nsen u daɣen si tamella [18] n Sidi Ṛebbi.
Bulla: - Anti tiddas [19] i tessexdameḍ mgal imrabḍen ixuniyen [20]? Anta tillit [21] i tettheggiḍ i ixelwiyen [22] ak d ixelwiyen ixuniyen [23]?
Ulhim: - Ttnaɣeɣ-ten s uḥizi [24]. Asekran yiɣil ad yaf ddwa taḥenact [25] deg tissit n lexmaṛ, acrab i lɛiwaḍ at-iseḥlu, at-isekkeṛ u ad yawi taṛḥwit-is. U daɣen am ubuhyut (solitaire), iɣemmeqen iman-is deg uḥizi ines yettuɣal-as d ṛṛhaǧ. Yiɣil yufa arazuɣ [26], yak abuhyut ulac acengu [27] ines imnejli neɣ tuli tiḥerci-s af uḥizi. Imerwalen [28] agi gan sɣur menwala di dunnit d imdanen yestufan [29]. Ɛennuɣ tidmiyin ak d tirga n timudmin [30] timerɣuyin [31]. Sendageɣ degsen beqqu n tlawin. Ma ixus ur ssawḍeɣ ara akken aten sɛarqeɣ, asen smireɣ cihwa [32] tismin [33], aḥennak [34] ar tagara, d akud [35] i d ameddakel-iw. Sganayeɣ anafag [36] -nsen u seɣlayeɣ-d fellasen ddɛan ttnammit: "tiɣersi n wul" d tifucal [37], wala tidett, taɛli, d uneli n nesfel-iten ceɣben ussan imenza.
Bulla: - Ad imnaɛ Ṛebbi si tḥila-nwen, is-yenna Bulla ! A Sidna Ɛisa di laɛnaya-k, seffi-d [38] tijemmaɛin, yernu tiqerracin-nwen yessenger lqewwa tesɛam ! Maca, ulac dɣa ula d yiwen n uterras ara tagadem ?
Ulhim: - D acu ara nagad seg umdan, takemmict n uɣebbar, itteftutusen yal ass, alamma yeɣli ?
Bulla: - Amek ? Ula d imeɣrasen [39] ihanen, u mmuten af udem n Ṛebbi, ur tent-ttagadem ara ?
Ulhim: - Yak d iterrasen am wiyaḍ ugar af wiyaḍ. Ur ten nettugad ara . Maca nettagad ineɣlas [40] iɣ d-ittqeddimen s leYɛid fellasen s uḥernin [41], i tesɛam ara tama nsen., tbaddayen ar ɣursen u ttsebbiren-ten [42]. U daɣen, netkakray tamelsa [43] , yelli-s n igenwan, ɣef anta, tiḥerci nneɣ ur tezmir a tt-teṭṭef. Illa yiwen lxelq nettkakri-t, issexlaɛaɣ u nettqadar-it: wagi d Sidna Ɛisa. Lberhan-is ɣur-s lqewwa, imi issaweḍ ad yer d ulac tanezmart-iw [44] u issaweḍ ad isellek gar iffassen-iw iziɣeren [45] iɣdimen [46] i ṭṭefeɣ di lɛarc n rreḥma (anda wid isfan ttrajun ad yas Sidna Ɛaisa) d imeṭṭafen u iḥebbaren (captifs et inquiets)!
Bulla: - Ihi ulac kra ara tekakrim ḥaca netta (Sidna Ɛisa)?
Ulhim: - Bexla Sidna Ɛisa amasiḥ, ulac win nugad di txelqit. Γef demma-s iḥettem-aɣ lḥal a neddu u a nesaɛef akken ilzem ineḍfaren-is; widak nni it-iḥubben, wid it-id-yessebdaren, wid yettcehhiden s yisem-is, wid yettseddiqen af yisem-is. Wammag kra n wid ixellun iman-nsen, ur illa degsen kra n lxuf. Kra n uterras af ugmer [47] ur yettili d amnay n tidett. Ayen-din n tikal isen-nekcem ar tmezgida [48] i lawan n tẓallit d ikerriren [49], u nzeraɛ ger imekdiyen [50], ikfilen [51] n timterwit [52], d wemxallef ! Ger imrabḍen ula d nutni, nzeraɛ aḥennak (orgueil), aqejmar [53] beqqu n ibuɣaren [54]. U nutni di tẓallit d ukerrer, nettaray i tidmiwin [55] nsen nebbec-iten, nesḥaraj-iten [56] wa mgal [57] wayeḍ, nettɛammir ul nnsen d ccek ak d lkeṛh, asakan [58] n umrabeḍ mgal amrabeḍ, ṭaleb mgal ṭaleb [59], adekkar [60] mgal adekkar....
Mi yella akk wanect-agi, Bulla iṭerḍeq seg imeṭṭawen. Ulhim, iḍsa-d u isdewet [61] segmi lwali [62] yeɣli seg imeṭṭi.


text:
Tanfalit (tafyirt)
Tanaflit d yiwet n tefyirt tawezlant id yessevganen ayen ssaramen, naɣ ittmennin yemdanen marra naY wegraw ametti s-umata naY tudsa d tasudut iwakken ad awḍen Yer s-iswi nsen, naY ad mmektin amezruy nsen ameqṛan.
S araldik, tanfalit t skened daxel imrigen izamalen (armoiries), umata ɣef tasfift nnig aber, wannag tiɣra n lgirra ssersent ddaw is.
Kra n tinfalyin :
- Ad naṛṛeẓ wala ad neknu d tanfalit n Tmurt Lleqvayel,
- Illu akked azref iw d tanfalit n ugellid n Legliz.
- Tadukkli texdem tazmert d tanfalit n Biljik.
- Yiwen i akk, akk i yiwen (Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno) d tanfalit n Swis, lamanɛna ur tella ara d tunṣibt.
- Tasunḍa d Afara (Ordem e Progresso) d tanfalit n Brazil.
- S Illu n umen (In God We Trust) d tanfalit n Tamrikt.
- Ccfiɣ (Je me souviens) d tanfalit n Kebek.


text:
Ibaskiyen
Ibaskiyen d imezdaɣen n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen, d yiwet n tama ay d-yuzgan ɣef yiri n yilel (lebḥer), ger n Fransa akk d Spenyul akk d yidurar n Pyrénées utrimen (iɣerbiyen). D nitni ay d imezdaɣ iqdimen akk n tmiwa-yagi yernu ttmeslayen yiwet n tutlayt, tabaskit, seg wakken d taqdimt, ar ass-a werɛad d-ufin yimassanen d acu n tutlayt nniḍen ay tt-icuban neɣ d acu n twacult n tutlayin i ɣer ara tt-qqnen. Tamurt n Yibaskiyen ass-a tebḍa ɣef sin yeḥricen. Yiwen weḥric, win n ugafa (nord), d Fr'ansa ay t-iḥekmen u yuzga-d ugezdu n Pyrénées-Atlantiques, ma d aḥric nniḍen, win n wenẓul , d Spenyul ay t-iḥekmen yernu yebḍa ɣef snat n tmiwa (timettiyin timaniyin) : tin n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen, tamaneɣt-is d Vitoria, akk d tin n Navarra u tamaneɣt-is qqaren-as Pamplona. D acu kan, Ibaskiyen ara yessuturen acḥal d iseggasen aya ad awin azarug-nsen , ttwalin tamu rt-nsen d yiwet-is, agdud-nsen yeddukel, yernu smenyafayen ad semmin i yiman-nsen "Euskaldunak" u ad semmin i tmurt-nsen "Euskadi", ma d tutlayt-nsen, qqaren-as "Euskara".
Di Spenyul llan azal n 2.600.000 n Yibaskiyen di lweqt i deg di Fpansa llan kan 250.000. Azal n 700.000 n Yibaskiyen ay yettmeslayen tabaskit di Spenyul, di lweqt i deg di Fransa, 400.00 kan ay tt-yettmeslayen.
Ibaskiyen sɛan yiwet n tɣerma d taqdimt aṭas yernu mazal-itt tedder ar ass-a, u sɛan yiwet n tsekla tatlayt d tamerkantit maci d kra, cennun-tt-id kra akken n yimedyazen umi qqaren id "bertsolari". Ibaskiyen mazal diɣ ṭṭfen deg waṭas n wansayen, gar-asen takessawt n wakraren deg wedrar, addal n takurt tabaskit akk d wadag n yiceṭṭiḍen.
Amezruy-nsen [1][beddel]
Idrizen iqdimen akk ay d-ufan ɣef Yibaskiyen ttuɣalen ɣer 8000 n yiseggasen uqbel n Sidna ɛisa, u akken yebɣu yili, d igiman n yiseggasen ayaka seg wasmi ara ttidiren Yibaskiyen di tmiwa-yagi i deg llan ass-a. Seg wasmi ay bdan a d-keccmen yiberr'aniyen ɣer tmurt-nsen, Ibaskiyen, ladɣa wid n Navarra, zgan-d mgal-nsen u nuḍḥen akken ad ilin d ilelliyen. Dɣa nnuɣen mgal n Rruman yernu di tallit i deg llan Yinselmen sbedden tixlifin-nsen di Spenyul, yernu Fransa llan ḥekmen-tt Yefranken , ssawḍen Yibaskiyen ad d-gen tageldit timziregt di Navarra di 850, s ddaw n leḥkem n Inigo Arista. Tageldit-agi tewweḍ ɣer tallit-is n wureɣ s ddaw n leḥkem n Sancho III Ameqqran, ay iḥekmen tamurt si 1000 alammi d 1035. Ma di tama n ugafa, llan sɛan diɣ Yibaskiyen yiwet n tgeldit nniḍen ay yellan qrib d timziregt, d tin umi qqaren Soule. D acu kan, deg yiseggasen ay d-iḍefren, tufa-d Navarra iman-is zzint-as-d tgeldiwin timsiḥiyin (chrétiennes) si yal tama yernu tigi gant fell-as lḥer's akken ad teǧǧ tilelli-yines u llant tettent-as-d seg wakal-is, dɣa seg yimir-n ay tuɣal Navarra tettɛeddi sya ɣer da s ddaw n leɛnaya n tgeldiwin-agi (Castilla, Aragon akk d Fransa), akken ur tseɛɛu ara uguren yid-sent. Maca, xas tella Navarra tettɛeddi s yisem s ddaw n leḥkem aberr'ani, isuḍaf-yines (leqwanin-is) d yeglamen (privilèges) n wid ay tt-iḥekmen llan mazal ttuqadaren. Ma d tageldit tabaskit n Soule tebda ula d nettat tettɛeddi s ddaw n leɛnaya n lḥekkam ifr'ensisen u seg yimir-n ay tebda a tesruḥuy cwiṭ, cwiṭ tilelli-yines. Di 1234, yuli Champagne Thibaud Amenzu ɣer leḥkem di Navarra u yewwi amkan n twacult-nni yellan teḥkem tamurt uqbel, d anect-a ay yeǧǧan Navarra ad teqqen ɣer Fransa si 1284 alammi d 1328. D acu kan, di tallit-nni n leḥkem afrensis, tesseǧhed Navarra tinettit-is tasertit , yernu werǧin qbilen Yibaskiyen ad ten-teḥkem Fransa. Xas akken ifuk leḥkem usrid n Fransa di Navarra, d yiwet n twacult tafrensist, Evreux, ay ikemmlen teḥkem tamurt. Ma d tama n Soule yewwi-tt ugellid n Fr'ansa, Philippe le Bel di 1306, u seg yimir-n ay tuɣal d aḥric si tgeldit tafrensist. Uguren ay tella tesɛa twacult n Evreux di Navarra ldin-as tawwurt i Ferdinand II n Aragon akken ad yesdukel tama-yagi ɣer tgeldit n Castilla. Ma Navarra n Wadda (neɣ Navarre yellan ɣer tama n Fr'ansa) tewwi-tt twacult tafr'ensist n Bourbon di lqern wis XVI. Di 1607, agellid n Fr'ansa, Henri IV (Henri III n Navarra), ay yellan si twacult-agi, ikemmel asdukel Navarra n Wadda ɣer Fransa u seg wass-n ay tuɣal d aḥric si tmurt-a, tleḥḥu s usaḍuf n Fr'ansa. Ma d Navarra taspenyulit, xas akken tella d aḥric si Spenyul s yisem, kemmlent tsuda-yines a xeddment alammi d 1841, asmi ay d asen-ttwakksen i lḥekkam ibaskiyen n tama-nni iglamen-nsen (. Yuɣ lḥal, teɣli Tmurt n Yibaskiyen di beḍḍu akk d leḥkem aberrani imi, si tama, Ibaskiyen ur nudan ara ad d-gen tamurt meqqren yedduklen, si tama nniḍen, timura d-yezzin fell-as llant ugarent Tamurt n Yibaskiyen di lǧehd. Di 1959, snulfan-d yiɣelnaẓriyen ibaskiyen yiwet n tuddsa timselleḥt, isem-is E.T.A, d tin ara yekkaten i lmend n uzarug n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen di Spenyul, xas akken tettunefk-as timanit i tama-yagi akk d Navarra di 1980.
Tamselyut[beddel]
- Deg mondeberbere.com sɣur imedyazen.


text:
Umuɣ n iseqdacen urmiden
Wagi d umuɣ n iseqdacen yexedmen armud deg 30 ussan agi ineggura.
Tetwaliḍ lqem n usebter agi yellan deg tazarkatut, lqem agi yezmer ad i sɛu alama d 0 tasint.
- Ahonc (Mmeslay | tikkin) [2 tigawin deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- B25es (Mmeslay | tikkin) [2 tigawin deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- CommonsDelinker (Mmeslay | tikkin) [2 tigawin deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Conquistador (Mmeslay | tikkin) [1 tigawt deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Faolin42 (Mmeslay | tikkin) [2 tigawin deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Fobos92 (Mmeslay | tikkin) [1 tigawt deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Lislis love (Mmeslay | tikkin) [2 tigawin deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- MoiraMoira (Mmeslay | tikkin) [2 tigawin deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Sabbathbloodness (Mmeslay | tikkin) [2 tigawin deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- SalemB (Mmeslay | tikkin) [672 tigawin deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Shadowxfox (Mmeslay | tikkin) [1 tigawt deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Stryn (Mmeslay | tikkin) [1 tigawt deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Vogone (Mmeslay | tikkin) [2 tigawin deg 30 ussan ineggura]
- Xqbot (Mmeslay | tikkin) [8 tigawin deg 30 ussan ineggura]


text:
Internet
Internet, D azeṭṭa n tesleɣselkimt. Internet d azeṭṭa, ilul-d seg uzeṭṭa Arpanet, i d-yeffɣen deg yiseggasen 1960, i usekker n temselta n Marikan. Deg yiseggasen 1970, Arpanet, yekcem ɣer tsesdawiyin ; almi yuɣ amḍiq-is, deg useggas 1990, Internet. Internet, di tazwara, yemmud-d anagar i tegmi yimussnawen. Deg useggas 1991, yeffeɣ-d World Wide Web, agrudem , yessawḍen azeṭṭa ad d-yeldi i yal amdan di ddunit. Assa yal amdan yezmer ad yaweḍ ɣer yisefka, tugniwin ...atg. Internet, yuɣ azal meqqer di tnezzut. Deg useggas 1995, azṭṭa-ayi, yeqqen azal n sin yimelyunen yiselkimen d qrib n 30 imelyunen n yemdanen deg 45 n tmura