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Yura-tt: Ɛebdelwaḥed ḤENNU
Lexdenni… umi tessijjed zi tewwurt ḥuma ad texzared wi din di berra, awarn i umi dd-trewled zeg wexfif ɣer wexxam-a. Teeqled x-as? Axxam-a i yellan mɣar weḥḥd-s di lwesṭ n lexla-wmaxla! Trewled-dd! Mɣar ṭṭumubinat, ca yenneqleb, ca yeppincar, ca yekmeḍ… Ususent deg webrid i ɣer-s dd-ittawyen… Tufid tawwurt terẓem, tudfed-dd mɣar s cwaycway…
Γer berra, ittban d ij n wexxam yessagg°ad. Maca ɣer daxxel, deg-s mɣar leḥwayej isekk°an. Ha tiseeeet n nnuqert, ead txeddem waxxa yuli x-as wexmar n qunedɛa, tetteslid ula i utektek-nnes! Ha lekrasa d ṭṭwabel xedmen-ten s ukeccuḍ azegg°aɣ… Leḥwayej i da merra n nnuqert, maca kulci tuli x-as teejjajt. Teqqimed txezzared di txuzan i da yellan, lqant-cek-dd tzeyyatin n binu azegg°aɣ d aqdim. Teksid-dd ij n tzeyyat, tessuḍed x-as taeejjajt ḥuma ad teɣred ism-nnes; «Ṭuca». D wa d isem n binu-nni. Treẓmed tazeyyat, tkebbed lkas amezwaru, d wiss tnayen, awarn-as tdadared-tt tekmel bla lkas. Lexdenni i ɣer-k dd-yeḍra belli taḥenjirt-nni i ttuɣa kid-k umi tenqelbem s ṭṭumubin qqaren-as «Ṭuca»!.
Tennid aked yexf-nnec; « mayemmi i deg-s ɣa-semḥeɣ? Ili qqimeɣ akid-s dinni… ». Maca min yemsaren yemsar, wer ɣer-k min ɣa-tegged. Yedwel uxarrres-nnec yennuɣ jer Ṭuca i tsessed, d Ṭuca i yennuɣen di ṭṭumubin i yenqelben, tejjid-tt tettuzzur s idammen, tettneẓbar… trewled-dd d tarewla. Ma amenni niɣ urid amenni?..
Zi ssenni, teqqimed tsessed, tsessed, tsessed… Alami i deg-k yugur binu mliḥ, tekkred texsed ad tenhezzed, uca yiwey-ic wannay. Lexdenni tekeid. Tekkred, teqqimed tettreẓẓid merra min da deg wexxam-a! Cwayt, uca a zeg-k traḥ tisi n wexxam, tsured deg yefri adu tmurt anict n min t-iqedden. Teggured deg-s, teggured … alami tiwḍed ɣer yexf. testeftufed ḥadar ad tafed manis ɣa-teedud, uca a x-ak dd-tewḍa rrimet n yij n temɣart tettwaneɣ! kksen-as tiṭṭawin d yiles, uran-as deg yedmaren: «Ṭuca»! Tesɣuyyed.. trud.. teksid s wesḥissef.. maca wer ɣer-k min ɣa-tegged…
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D manaya i yemsaren, maca alik-ac tidet i yellan lexxu, wer yelli wi tt-ɣa-yekksen: Cekk lexxu d aqettal. aqqa-c Ṭuca i kid-k yenqelben di ṭṭumubin, ẓduxxneɣ-tt s tezwict. Maca tessned wi tt-yenɣin? D cekk! Cekk d aqettal. Awarn-as, tusid-dd da ɣer wexxam-a, teswid binu qqaren-as Ṭuca. tiḍewḍin-nnec ead aqqa-tent recment di tzeyyatin d lkas i zi teswid. Ternid-dd tamɣart nniḍen, tenɣid-tt, tekksed-as tiṭṭawin d yiles, turid-as «Ṭuca» deg yedmaren. Manaya merra wer yelli d cekk i t-yeggin, maca wer ɣer-k minzi ɣa tessekned illa urid d cekk. Tsured!.
Yeqqim Mimun x lkursi, ifassen d iḍaren kerfen. Aqemmum yeccur s ikettanen, ibellee s skuč… Meelik mɣar yezmer ad yessiwel ḥuma ad izaweg, ad iḥeccem, ad yini min ɣer-s… Walu. ittɣufa. Yallah yeqqar: « mmmmm… mmmmm… » Wenni i kid-s yessawalen yexreg ij n yilem i uzellif-nnes, udem-nnes wer ittbin. Ɣer-s ij n uxedmi anict n min t-iqedden. Kul ma iqerreb cwayt ɣer Mimun, ad yenneẓweḍ, ad yerni deg uweeeeḍ yemmureḍsen; « Mmmmm… Mmmm… »
Yekkes-as skuč x uqemmum, Yessufeɣ-as-dd ikettanen i ttuɣa das din yebbeẓ, uca akid-sen dd-imun usiḥart s merra min deg-s yeebubbzen n iḍuqqaẓ. Yebda yessazzal-dd leunser n uḥeccem i ttuɣa yenqebsen jer tmijja d skuč: « Ɛafa-k, ejj-ayi ad rzuɣ manis ɣa-kkeɣ.. Min dac-ggiɣ?… »
Buyilem, yeqqim qibal-nnes x yij n lkursi, ittirar deg uxedmi-nnes, axmi wer dd-yerri lexber i uzaweg n Mimun. Yejja-t yestextux weḥd-s weḥd-s, alami isala, uca yeksi s tḍeḥḥakt min yeelam di jjehd… Ibedd-as imetmi i Mimun, yettebheḍ, yeqqim ixezzar waha. Yexs ad yenneẓweḍ maca wer ɣer-s mani ɣa yenneẓweḍ, yegga-s akraf maca aqa d akraf!
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Yennexḍef-dd Buyilem x lkursi, yunneḍ-as-dd i Mimun amen deg-s ixezzar. Ittḥada-t s uxedmi deg uzellif d uɣembub d yiri… Mimun ittneqfaz, ittnixsis…
Yenna-as: « Sel ɣer-i a dac-iniɣ; cekk d aqettal ! isem n «Ṭuca» yeched x merra ɣezzu i teggid. Mala texsed ad tnejmed zi lḥebs, min ac-ɣa iniɣ egg-it, mala wer texsed, aqa tessned nnit min c-ittrajan. »
Yekea Mimun, yeksi s tɣuyyit: « Necc wer lliɣ bu d aqettal, d cekk i yeggin kulci… Ḍelq-ayi ssa a mmi-s n … »
Yus-dd Buyilem qibal-nnes, yenna-s mɣar s cwaycway: « Ccccct… wer tteesseb bu yexf-nnec. Safi mala wer texsed ca, xzar cwayt mliḥ min dac-ɣa ssekneɣ. »
Yekkes ij ukettan x utilibizyun, yesserɣ-it, ittban-as-dd yijjen yekref deg wemkan-nni mani i yekref netta, yesɣuyyu yeqqar: « Egg min texsed, necc ssneɣ ixf-inu… Wer dac-tteggeɣ bu rray… »
Ieawed ieebbeẓ x yij ubuṭun, ittban-as-dd lexber yeqqar belli Lmeḥkama n Nnaḍur teḥkem x Masin Γurḍu s leḥbes min ɣa yekk yedder. Masin Γurḍu, d wenni abeeda i yeẓra ttuɣa yeqqim x lkursi-nni mani i yeqqim netta.
Yenna-s: « Lexxu ixḍar a Mimun, ma ad tḍefred min dac-ɣa iniɣ, ma ad tkemmled min ac-yeqqimen di lḥebs? Aqa am cekk am Masin Γurḍu… »
Cwayt, uca ad slen i later n tecli sennej. D ca n ḥedd i dd-yudfen ɣer wexxam. Slan ula i lherd. Amur-a wer yelli d ijjen i dd-yusin. Iruḥ Mimun ad yessiwel, maca deɣya yeqma-s-tt Buyilem. yebbeẓ-as eawed ikettanen deg uqemmum, yessunneḍ-as skuč, iean-it deg yij n texzant.
Yenneqḍee lḥess n Buyilem, Mimun ula d netta ibedd zeg uneḥmez, yeqqim yesḥessa min ɣa yemsaren waha. Yesla i wawal n temɣart, tessawal aked wenni i kid-s, teqqar-as: « Mḥemmed, a Mḥemmed, araḥ-dd ad texzared min da! »
Yessen Mimun illa dinni ca n yijjen qqaren-as Mḥemmed, aked tenni i yessawalen. Ittban illa tnayen idsen i dd-yudfen. Maca Buyilem laḥess-nnes! aqqa-t yennuffer.
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Yus-dd Mḥemmed, qqimen xezzren s tnayen idsen deg yefri… Wer ttwilin walu. tenna-s: « Yallah a ssa neffeɣ!.. »
Amen wer deg-s yexzir, yenna-s: « Raja ad hwiɣ ad xezreɣ min da deg yefri-ya!.. » tenna-s: « A kid-k hwiɣ! », maca yesqene-itt bac ad teqqim sennej ar mala ilaɣa-dd x-as.
Teqqim txezzer zi sennej, netta ittemcumbuḍ ḥuma ad yehwa ɣer swadday.. Yemnee deg yij uqaču n lḥiḍ yerca, uca a zeg-s iraḥ. Yehwa ar tisi.. Teqqim tettlaɣa-t zi sennej : « Mḥemmed, Mḥemmed… aqqa-cekk mliḥ? Mḥemmed, err-dd xaf-i.. »
Yessiwel-dd amen dd-ijemmee ixf-nnes zi weṭṭu: « Wer ttegg°ed a Meɣniyya, aqqa-yi mliḥ, wer dayi-yexsir walu. »
Lexdenni, ibedd-dd qibal i lbabet-nni manis i dd-yehrubbez ḥuma ad ittwala Meɣniyya, maca yesla i utemtem n Mimun i yenqebsen di texzant… Mimun, wer yezmir ad yessiwel s ikettanen i das-yeccuren aqemmum, d skuč i x-as yunnḍen. ittegg illa : « Mmmm, Mmmm… »!
Tettwala-t Meɣniyya yereeb, ixezzar jjihet n manis i dd-ittekk utemtem-nni. Tettebheḍ ula d nettat, wer tessin min ittwala, ula d minumi ittesla. Amen t-ttseqsa: « min din? ».. ead wer tkemmel awal-nnes, d tekti n tcaqurt tusa-s-dd i Mḥemmed di ddhar n uzellif, yewḍa din, wer yerri nnefs..
Teksi Meɣniyya s tɣuyyit, uca terwel ggur tettcuqa di leḥnuḍ, teffeɣ zeg wexxam-nni, tweḍḍer jer ṭṭumubinat i yenqelben deg yebriden, d yewdan i izelleen, meḥḍen di legeudi, mɣar izan ttzebziben x-asen…
Yessijj-dd Buyilem zi tburjet, ittwala-tt teɛlef s tazzla, tigg°ej x wexxam-nni. Yedwel ɣer mani i yebḍa azellif i Mḥemmed. Rrimet-nnes temḥeḍ di tmurt. Aneḍrar n idammen mbezzaɛen di tmurt. Jersen, dewlen am iceqḍiḍen n tsa. Yeẓẓuɣɣer-it zeg uḍar, yiwey-it ɣer yij n missa n wuzzal d tazegrart. Yeksi-t, uca imeḥḍ-it x-as sennej.
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Yessajja-dd Mimun zi tferzizza n tewwurt n texzant, ittwala-t min ixeddem. Ittwala abrid n idammen yeḍfer rrimet n Mḥemmed umi i tt-yeẓẓuɣɣer. Ittbeɛɛer tiṭṭawin, itteqdiddis s tigg°di, ul-nnes itteffeɣ-dd zeg uqemmum-nnes!
Ittwala BuYilem iḥert-dd x yij n lmencar n kuryinti, yebda ittrankar-it. ɣer umezwar yugi a das-irankar, maca yewta ij n tnayen n twalatin, uca yesmuhart. Zzhir n lmencar yerni-as tigg°di i Mimun. Yeqqim wul-nnes ijebbed x rebɛin. Cwayt, ittwala-t yesnegz-as azellif i rrimet n Mḥemmed. Yewḍa di tmurt, yeksi-t-idd zeg ucewwaf, yessers-it sennej i rrimet. Lexdenni, Mimun wer izemmer ad yesber. Yugem-dd merra min ttuɣa ɣer-s deg wadan, yexs a dd-ibeɛbeɛ s uɛuqqi, maca wer ɣer-s manis i dd-ɣa yeffeɣ! aqemmum ibelleɛ.
Yesla-s Buyilem. Iruḥ yerẓem x-as tawwurt. Yekkes-as skuč, uca a dd-ffɣen iɛuqqan d qadus, smunen-dd akid-sen ula d ikettanen i ttuɣa ɣer-s deg uqemmum, ca isur x Buyilem, ca x tewwurt n texzant, ca iseyyel-as-dd aked uqemmum, yewḍa-yas x warruḍ! Yeẓẓuɣɣer-it Buyilem zeg uḍar, yebda yessexnunnus-it deg idammen i dd-yekkin zi rrimet n Mḥemmed. Yessufeɣ-it-idd, iḥaz-it ɣer yij n ṭṭerf, yenna-s amen yesskan s uḍaḍ ɣer uzellif i yemmersen sennej i rrimet : « Wi t-yenɣin? »
Yettebheḍ Mimun, wer yufi min ɣa yini!Yerni yenna-s Buyilem: Xseɣ ad sleɣ i twarrit x useqsi-inu, ad tili nican!… S uya, a dac-ɛawdeɣ i useqsi qbel ḥuma ad tessned mliḥ minzi xaf-i dd-ɣa terred : « Wi t-yenɣin ? »
Yessufeɣ-dd Mimun asiḥart yiẓeḍ s ikemsan n tigg°di. Yenna-s : « Wer dayi-neqq ca. Ɛafak ! wer dayi-neqq ca. Xseɣ ad ddreɣ. »
Yekkes-dd Buyilem taxedmit, yesqerreb-as-tt ɣer wancucen, amen das-yeqqar s tmijja d taḥercawt : « Wciɣ-ac-dd aseqsi. Ttrajiɣ a xaf-i dd-terred. Deɣya ! »
Yekɛa Mimun. Kkin-as-dd x tiṭṭawin. Yebda yesɣuyyu : «D cekk i t-yenɣin ! D cekk ay ilef n uqettal ! Fekkem-ayi ! fekkem-ayi !… »
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Meɣniyya i ttuɣa ittrakk°alen, tiweḍ-as tɣuyyit n Mimun ar ameẓẓuɣ. Tbedd, texzer-dd awern-as. Ittban-as-dd wexxam ɣer lagg°aj anict n yizi. Tesber cwayt, uca tesla ɛawed i tɣuyyit tejhed. Tɣuyyit n ca n yijjen yettwagg deg-s ɣezzu!.
Ttuɣa-tt d tɣuyyit n Mimun. Yugi ad yegg rray i BuYilem. Yessekɛa-t, uca yeksi-dd lmencar n kuryinti, iqess-as tamceḍt n uḍar, mmenḍrent tfednin-nnes am diha. Qqimen mɣar idammen d tisebbalin. Wer din min yekka, uca tekka x-as lɣaceyyet.
Wer yexs ca a t-ineɣ. Buyilem yeḥdaj Mimun yedder. Meɛlik yexs a t-ineɣ ili yenɣa-t zi melmi. Yufa-t amenni yesxef, iruḥ yesseḥma-dd ij n tgersa alami tedwel d tazegg°aɣt. Yessers-as-tt x wemkan-nni manis i das-iqess aḍar. Ifaq-dd Mimun s leḥriq n wekmaḍ. Mɣar rriḥet n ccyaḍ tettali-dd zeg uyezzum-nni. Yesɣuyy zi jjdid. Maca twalat-a, tɣuyyit wer telli ca am tenni n umezwaru. Twalat-a, tɣuyyit n yijjen yettwerna. Tɣuyyit n yeɣzar xmi i zeg-s qeṭṭan waman zegga yeḥmel. Min x-as icedden aya ? Meɛlik yenna min yexs Buyilem a zeg-s t-isel, ili lexxu qeɛ wer ittwili azgen n temceḍt n uḍar-nnes temẓeryaḍ am diha s lmencar n kuryinti. Yexs ad yessili tmijja-nnes bac ad yini tidet. Maca min ɣa tessilyed di tmijja deg wudem n yijjen ikerf-ic, ɣer-s ɛlamkul lesnaḥ jer ifassen ?…
Iruḥ Buyilem ɣer yij n n nnibira ttuɣa-tt di teɣmart, qeɛ tuli x-as tɛejjajt, qeɛ deg-s ibeqqiḍen n idammen.. Iḍeffer-it Mimun s ifilan n lxezrat, ittxemma min ɣa yegg. Yekkes-dd ssenni ij uqedduḥ wer yeḍhir min deg-s. Yugem-dd zeg-s deg yij n tẓewḍa. Manayenni d aberkan, yerwi, am uberyuḍ. Yeksi-t ɣer Mimun, itticc-as s tɣenjayt. Yeqqar-as : « Ecc ! Ecc !.. »
Yessagg°aj Mimun aqemmum-nnes. Yugi ad yecc. Maca yeṭṭef-as-dd aɣembub di tummest, yebda ittebbar-as tiɣenjayin n macca-nni s uɣil deg uqemmum. Wer din min yekka, uca iɛuqq-dd manayaenni s kulci.
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Yeksi-dd Buyilem taxedmit ɛawed. Yesqerreb-as-tt ɣer wancucen am umezwaru. Yenna-s : « Aqqa-yi ɛad ttrajiɣ-c. Wi yenɣin win ? » (yessken-as ɣer rrimet n Mḥemmed i imeḥḍen x missa.)
Twalat-a, wer ixarres qeɛ Mimun di min ɣa yini, wer t-yecqi min ɣa yini. Yerra x-as : « D necc i t-yenɣin ! Nɣiɣ-t.. wah nɣiɣ-t ! Qesseɣ i yemma-s iri… »
Yeksi Buyilem s tɣuyyit : « Tenɣid-t !… »
Itterra-dd x-as Mimun s tɣuyyit kter : « Nɣiɣ-t wah ! »
A das-yini ɛawed s tɣuyyit : « Tenɣid-t ! »
A x-as yerr ɛawed s min yeɛlam di jjehd : « Nɣiɣ yemma-s !… Kkseɣ-as iri… »
Qqimen amenni sɣuyyun, alami i telqef Mimun ij n thistirit, yumen ixf-nnes illa d netta i yenɣin Mḥemmed. Lexdenni, yeqqen-it Buyilem zeg yij n uḍar s tselselt n wuzzal. Yegga-s tbanta, waɛliha yewca-s lmencar n kuryinti, yenna-s : « Feṣṣel-it ! »
Yeqqim Mimun ittfessel di rrimet n Mḥemmed s yij n thistirit, wer ittici min ittegg. Iqess-it d ifetwisen. Buyilem ittsejjel-it s kamira.
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Umi ikemmel, yexzar di lmencar-nni i yeṭṭef. Yezzaryeḍ-it am diha, yedwel ɣer deffar amen ixezzar deg ifassen-nnes. Wer yumin illa d netta i yeggin manayenni. Yeqqim ɣer tmurt. Yegga azellif-nnes jer ifadden-nnes, yebda yettru.
Iḥart Buyilem x lmencar-nnes. Yelḥem cwayt aɣirin, yeqqim ittzeyyaf-it. Yedwel-dd ɣer Mimun, yenna-s : « Nniɣ-ac cekk d aqettal. Mayemmi i das-teggid amenni ? Ya ul aqqa-t ɣer-k niɣ ! wer deg-k yelli waxxa d gram n leḥnuniyet !… »
Yekker-dd ɣer-s Mimun amen ittqeyḍar x uḍar-nnes iqessen. Maca teṭṭef-it tselselt i zi yeqqen. Yedwel ɣer deffar ɛawed. Yuka aked yexf-nnes yudef deg yij n tirart wer das-izemmar. Yuka aked yexf-nnes yewḍa deg yij n lebḥer yeccur s lehwayec, netta wer yessin ad iɛumm. Wer itteslik illa mala yedwel d lhaycet ula d netta.
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Ilaɣa-t-idd Buyilem zi jjdid : « Ay aqettal. Sel ɣer-i. Mala texsed ad tilid mliḥ, ḍfer min dac-qqareɣ. Mala wer texsed, aqa a dac-yettwakkes uḍar nniḍen, a dac-yettwakkes ufus, a dac-yettwakkes uzellif… Uca a dd-yawi rebbi wi c-ɣa ifeṣṣlen ula d cekk. »
Ibedd Mimun deg wemkan-nnes. Wer yufi min ɣa yegg. Ineqq-it leḥriq. Ittemraywa, ittawy-it wannay. Yenna-s-dd Buyilem : «Bedd zzat i uḍar-nni n missa i cekk-dd-iwalan, ḥseb tlata n isuraf ɣer deffar. Awarn-as, ḥseb asurif d wezgen x ẓelmeḍ, xbec din, min din ɣa tafed ksi-t-idd. A dd-tdewled ɛawed asurif d wezgen ɣer mani i c-ttuɣa, a tḥesbed asurif d wezgen sennej, min din ɣa tafed ksi-t-idd. Dwel-dd ɛawed ɣer mani i c-ttuɣa, lexdenni ḥseb asurif d wezgen x yeffus. Xbec ɛawed, min din ɣa tafed ksi-t-idd.
Amenni i yegga Mimun. Yexbec ɣer umezwar, yufa dinni leqlem n uɣanim. Wiss tnayen, yufa dinni tadwat. Wis tlata, yufa dinni lluḥ. Yessers-iten x missa mani i iqess rrimet n Mḥemmed. Yerẓem tadwat. Yesseɣḍes deg-s leqlem. Yessufeɣ-it-idd ittudum s ssmeɣ, yura di lluḥ-nni : « Ṭuca ».
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Meɣniya, zegga i tesla i tɣuyyit-nni, tedwel-dd. Deg webrid, tettwala ṭṭumubin-nni i di tella rrimet n Ṭuca. Tqerreb ɣer-s, terẓem x-as tawwurt, tewḍa-dd rrimet di tmurt. Yewḍa-dd zeg-s ij n ṭṭezṭim. Teksi-t-idd, treẓm-it, tufa deg-s illa nnekwet. Umi i tt-dd-ɣa testef zi ṭṭeẓṭim, tettebheḍ! Tedwel ɣer deffar s unexliɛ, tenḍer nnekwet-nni am diha. Tufa d nnekwet-nnes nettat i ɣer-s ɣer tenni di ṭṭeẓṭim. Ula d isem, deg-s « Meɣniyya Axerbac ». D wenni d isem-nnes nettat!. Tewta ɣer weqrab nnes, a dd-tejbed nnekwet-nnes nettat, umi i tt-idd-ɣa tekkes, tufa deg-s isem nneɣnit : « Ṭuca Buzembu ». Tettebheḍ ! wer tessin nettat ma d Ṭuca ma d Meɣniyya. Texzer ɣer uṭablu n ṭṭumubin, tettwala dinni ij n udlis d aqdim, yura deg weɣlaf-nnes : « Ṭuca ».
Truḥ, teksi-dd adlis-nni. Terẓem-it, tufa deg-s titeswirin n Buyilem, d tenfas-nnes. D tidet n min das-yemsaren alami yedwel s tembirt-nni. Tennexḍef-dd lexdenni, terẓem maliṭa n ṭṭumubin, tufa dinni ij n ccaqur yeqḍeɛ, ittissiq. Teksi-t-idd, uca tus-dd ɣer wexxam-nni.
Tudef, lla ḥess. Wer tettesli i walu. Tessijj deg yefri-nni mani i yettwaneɣ Mḥemmed. Txarres di tcaqurt i das-yerceg Buyilem deg uzellif. Yeḍra-dd ɣer-s manayenni, uca tedwel ɣer deffar, teɣḍel ij n teqbuct n zzaj, tsur terreẓ. Teqḍeɛ lḥess ma ad tsel i ca n lḥess n tekli, walu. Texzar ɣer yij n teɣmart, tettwala dinni ij n rrwaq. Truḥ ɣer-s, tesleḥm-it s cwaycway, ittban-as-dd weḥfur am uqemmum n tesraft, deg-s ssellum manis i ɣa tehwa. Tseɛɛef ssellum-nni. Umi i ɣa taweḍ ɣer tisi, tettebheḍ! Mɣar iwdan ṣemmren di leḥyuḍ. Ca ixeyyeḍ-as uqemmum, ca inḍew-as uzellif, ca ttwakksen-as iḍaren… texzar, tufa dinni ij n missa d tamezzyant yemmers x-as utilibizyun. Tesserɣ-it, uca a das-dd-iban Mimun ittari di lluḥ: « Ṭuca ». Tesbar cwayt, tettwala-t ittqessas di rrimet n Mḥemmed. Tedwel ɣer deffar, teqqim tettɛuqqa, uca ad tsel i Buyilem d Mimun ssawalen, udfen-dd.. Ttuɣa ffɣen!..
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Tedhec, tenḍu ɣer ca n yeḥrucen, uca teffer dinni ixf-nnes. Maca tejja atlibizyun-nni yerɣa. Usin-dd, gguren-dd ɣer mani tella. Yuɣer Buyilem i wetlibizyun yerɣa. Iḥart-dd x tezwict. Yeqqim yesɣuyyu, irezzu x wi din. Ɛlayen ad yaweḍ mani i tella , d nettat a kid-s dd-tengez s ccaqur. Yessexḍa-yas, tyezm-it drus zeg uɣesmir. Truḥ a das-tɛawed, maca yeṭṭef akid-s ccaqur. Txezzar-as deg uyezzim-nni ttehnuccaran-dd zeg-s idammen, amen i kid-s tettemɛutrus ḥuma wer das-ittekkes ccaqur-nni. Ɛlayen a x-as iɣelleb, uca a dd-yadar Mimun aked Buyilem s yij n wuzzal ɣer uzellif. Idewwex-it, uca yeqqim itteddez-as azellif s wuzzal-nni, amen dd-ittfekkar aqessi i ttuɣa ittegg i rrimet n Mḥemmed. Testef Ṭuca (i ttuɣa yellan d Meɣniyya) ixf-nnes, tḥert x tezwict, uca a dd-teqqerqeb x Mimun, tɣeḍl-it dinni x rrimet n Buyilem.
Teẓẓeryeḍ dinni tazwict-nni, tejbed-dd adlis n «Ṭuca» i di tella tenfust d tidet n Buyilem, uca truḥ a das-tkemmel tɣuri!.
Ɣer ɛawed : Mirru ya timersaḍ!


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Cwayt n wekmaz drust deg uɛeddis, niɣ ca n tbeqqiḍ di telmect, uca a nebda a newwet di Google, a nesseqsa Dr. Google. Isiten i daneɣ-dd-ɣa-yewc, d inni daneɣ ɣa yinin ma a nraḥ ɣer weḍbib ma lla. Maca, nzemmer a nettkel x imuṭuren-a n trezzut?
Trezzut x min wer nessin, tedwel d ij n tmeslayt nurmal: Wi yukan ak ca n ḥajet d jjdid x-as, irezzu x lesbab n min deg-s. Leḥsabat qqaren belli di dduniyt amen tekmel 70% n yewdan -zeg yenni ɣer yella wantirnit- umi ɣa yeqqes ca, ttadfen ɣa Internet rezzun x min deg-sen, d min zi ɣa ggenfan.
Min xef nettseqsa lḥaj google?
Maca min nettaf di tirezzutin-nni, ma ineffeɛ ma walu? Tzemmar trezzut-a a dd-tkemmel x bnadem, ad tesbuhli? Alexander Bondarenko zi tseddawit n Halle-Wittenberg yerzu di manaya mliḥ. D amezwaru yexs netta d ugruppu-nnes, ad ssnen beɛda min xef ttseqsan yewdan, di min yeqqnen ɣer sseḥet. Ifren 1,5 milyar n trezzut in deg umuṭur n trezzut Arusi Yandex, d Google.
Ca n 4.400 n lehlakat d taycitin idd-yulyen di listat n Data, d 1000 n leɛcub n ddwa, d ddwawat n taddart. Azgen ameqqran ttseqsan x tmeslayin i ked ttakan mkul nhar, niɣ min ittawyen lweqt i ugenfi. Am ddiset, niɣ timeslayin i zi ttsedḥan yewdan, -lehlakat n aḍu webyas-. Aseqsi x ddwa n ḥebb cbab yujer aseqsi x uxenzir (Cancer). Aṭṭas n yewdan ttseqsan ɛawed x mamek ɣa ggen ddwa i min deg-sen, d yisem n lehlak-nni deg-sen s qaɛ minzi ttakan.
Ddwa n wayeflani i lehlak n wayeflani ?
Iban zi tirezzutin-nni, belli qaɛ txes ad teggenfa s ca n lɛucbet, niɣ s ddwawat n taddart waha, amecnaw : Atay n tejɣult (mansaniyya) ma yesgenfa tilmect? Ticcert ma tneqq ibirusen? S iseqsan-a d yenneɣni, ɛayaren imussnawen-a ij n tmeslayt. Xzren ma Google d Yandex, zemmern ad rren x iseqsan nican.
Ucin-as i Google 30 n iseqsan, 15 uran deg-sen ddwa yeqqen aked lehlak, aseqsi direkt, twarrit-nnes s “wah niɣ lla” waha. Ɛad bla twerrit n taynit i min qqarn yeḍbiben. 32% n iseqsan, wer deg-sen iḥiki Google, yerra-dd x-asen s wah, am wer din la d ij n ddsas di tussna yeqqar belli ddwa-nni izemmer ad yesgenfa lehlak nni.

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seffedVB [seffed]
embrocher, empaler, piquer; pousser, bousculer
Flexions seffediseffed tettseffidem seffden ittseffiden tseffidemt tetseffid tseffident ttseffidemt seffdeɣ tettseffid tseffdem ttseffident tseffid yetseffid tetseffidemt ttseffid seffdet yettseffid tseffed tettseffidemt seffdent tseffideɣ netseffid yetseffiden ttseffideɣ tseffdeḍ nettseffid tseffdemt yettseffiden tseffidet itseffid tseffiden ttseffidet seffdemt ittseffid nseffed ttseffiden iseffden tetseffideḍ tetseffidem itseffiden seffed tettseffideḍ
Sources seffed
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982


text:
Monographie du musée El Moudjahid de Tizi-Ouzou
Date2015
Author
ALIOUANE, FATIHA
SI TAYEB, MASSISSILIA
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
Axeddim-agi ɣef wayen yeɛnan amuzruy d tusna n tmetti sumata, di tezrawt nneɣ newwi-d awal ɣef usalay d wazal yesɛa di tmetti deg unadi akked ujmaɛ n wayen id yemmalen iseddagen n tnekkit, akked latar n wayen yezrin. Asentel n uxeddim d « Taynirawt n usalay amemnad n umjahed n Tizi wezzu », yessefk ad nesbeggen deg-s azal yesɛa usalay di tmetti akked d temlilt ines deg uselmed n umezruy. Asalay yettnadi u yejamaɛ ayen yellan d amezruy akken ad yemmel i tmetti iseddagen d ara tt-yeǧǧen ad teɛqel izri ines. Asalay n umezruy yesɛa tuɣdaṭ n lemḥarba ɣef wayen yellan d tigemmi, yesselmad uyessezray amezruy. Leqdic-agi yebḍa d iḥricen : 1) Aḥric amnzu : Tarayt n uxeddim : Deg uḥric-agi neɛreḍ ad nemmel tarrayin nettbeɛ i waken ad tettwaxdem tezrawt-agi akken iwata. Di tazwara s uxeddim-agi ad yettwafhem wazal yesɛa usalay d tmussni akk id yettawi iwumdan ɣef umezruy. Allalen ara nesseqdec ad ɣ-welhen akken ad nesenked asalay-agi d wayen yesɛa d iḥricen, ayen id as-d yezzin, akked i wacu i yqeddec, d wacu d lfayda i yesɛa i umdan akked umezruy. Nefren asentel-agi acku ixus unadi di taɣult-agi, di temsal i ycedden ɣer umezruy ladɣa amezruy yeɛnan Tamurt nneɣ, d leqdic, ɣef tsudayettḥaraben ɣef umezruy. Di tazwara yessefk, ad nelli deg unar akken ad nessiweḍ, ad nani u anefren ayen ilaqen akken anexdem axeddim igerzen, u ad nawi akk tilɣa ad ɣ-yallen di leqdic-nneɣ, imi kullec atan deg unar. Akken ad naweḍ s iswi nneɣ, nesexdem umuɣ n tuttriwin I nefka i wid id yettruḥun ɣer usalay kul yiwen d acu it id yettawin.s tririyen nsen ad nesewwiḍ ad nexdem tasleḍṭ nneɣ, akked d tezrawt si tama n wid id ileḥhun ad zren, anwaten? i wacu? Amek? Akken ad neṭṭef ad neṭṭef tigwiwin n yemjuhad , d isestanen nexdem ilaq ukalas akken anessewwiḍ ad negzu imeslayen nsen. Neseqdec daɣen, tugniwin, ɛawnen-t aɣ aṭas , deg uglam, ayen id ad nenna, ad d-nernu tama-s tugna iwaken ad yaweḍ yizen id neqseḍ. Ma d isestanen, nesexdem, usriden, d arusriden, ɣer leḥsab n tegnit n yimiren, d lmestufat n yimsestanen. Leqdic-agi nneɣ weḥwaǧ leqraya n tektabin, imi ilaq ad nawi tikta seg-sent, u anetbeɛ tarrayin I sqedcen wid I yezwaren ɣer taɣult-agi, deɣen akken ad neṭṭef imedyaten seg-sen-t. Di tagara, nesexdem tasleḍt akken ad nefk igemmaḍ n unadi, nessaweḍ ɣef ldemma n tesleḍṭ ad nerr ɣef tuttriwin yellan, u ad nesefsi timukrisin s way-s yebna uxeddim. Aḥric wis sin: D ayen yeɛnan aglam akked usenked n tsuddut n usalay, d asideg arakal , d yiḥricen ines ama si berra ama si daxel, d wayen akk id as- d yezzin. Asalay aqdim : Tamuɣli tamenzut ɣer usalay-agi si berra ad d-yemmel tasegda ines tazamalt i yebɣan ad tinni atas n tɣwsiwin, tin yexdem yiwen n umesdag aqbayli, id yehreg si tsegda tapakistanit taqburt, lebni ines akk akked d tɣessa ines, cudden-t ɣer tegrawla n 1954, ula d tirkabin ines llan-t 54, s wasseɣ ɣer uzemz ntegrawla , ula d isebdaden-nni sersen uqebel tirkabin, d tugniwin n wid i wumi id teǧǧa tegrawla latar si lbatel n urmi, sɛeddan laz akked ddel d temḥeqranit. Mi ara nɛeddi i terkabin, ad iban yiwen n ugnir deg way deg llan-t tugniwin n yimjuhad, tazeqqa n tzallit yelan zik d tadbelt,akked d tzeqqa n temzikniyen, ssexdamen-tt zik uqebbel teɣleq i wziken n tɣawsiwin akked d tugniwin d waraten yeɛnan tagrawla,ay agi- akk yettakd aended n lgira n llzeyer mgal fransa. Tugna n tidet id yettkanen lgira d tin n tmeqbert-nni n yemjuhad yesɛan 1200 n yizekwan yebnan amzun akken d izmawen yeqqimen,anamek n way-agi d tabɣest akked d tissas i sɛan yemjuhad iḥurben ɣef tmurt. Arnu ɣer-s asebdad ameqran yebnan amzun d lfinga yesɛan aṭas n unamek di lweqt n tesherest tafransist.........


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Tayemra s ddinamit niɣ s lmaynat, amek i das-neqqar di Arrif. D ijjen marka n tyemra ittagi x-as lqanun. Maca waxxa amenni llan aṭṭas n yiwdan i tt-itteggen minzi xminni yemmren s lmaynat ittehwin x-asen ad jemɛen iselman. Tameslayt-ta tanita taeeffant tneqq asistim aykuluji n lebḥer. Iḍuqquzen ig illitin s lmaynat ttarddajen lmurjan i zi tetten iselman, uca ttraḥen ttenqisen niɣ ttmettan.
Lmaynat di ca n imukan deg umaḍal sxeddamen dag-s ca n tzeyyatin, tteggen dag-sent: Tinitratin n lputasyum, tinitratin n lamunyum d uxelleṭ n lkirusin… Ddegg-a n lmaynat zemmrent ad nɣent ula d ineymaren i tent-sxedmen. Rni x-as tuɛɛeffna i tteggent lmaynat-a x usisitim aykuluji n lebḥer.
Lmaynat di Arrif
Deg wayur n may di 2019. Aṭṭas n ixeddamen deg yiger n tyemra sɣuyyen x ineymaren-nni ig iyemmaren s ddinamit. Nnan belli ijjen uɣerrabu d ameẓẓyan izemmer ad yeymar s ddinamit ar 3000 n uṣenduq n iselmaden. Mani Tinniḍni i wer isxeddiment ca lmaynat yallah ttakk°aḍent ɣer rebɛin n isenduqen. Ddegg-a n tyemra bla lqanun, tejja ineymaren ad sxedmen tebridt- minzi treẓẓem ikercicen-nnsen ɣer rrbeḥ. Ina tettun ila neqqen zzag-s agla n iselman di lebḥer. Dewlen aṭṭas n iselman ttenqiṣen aṭṭas, mani neqqen imukan mani i d-ttasen iselman ad ccen macca-nnsen. Abarru n ineymaren di Nnaḍur d Biyya ccetkan s tyemra ittilin jar Ayt Sɛid d Temsaman (tasga n Ddriwec). Qqaren belli d ineymaren-a ig isxeddamen di tyemra-nnsen lmaynat. Deg usegg°as n 2015, ijjen uḥenjir zi Temsaman wwḍent ca n iceqfan n lmaynat min yejjin imeddukal-nnes ad t-awyen ɣer spiṭar n Biyya deɣya.
Aṭṭas n imussnawen qqaren ila iselman ittwaymren s ddinamit d iɛeffanen i sseḥḥet n bnadem. Minzi aslem-nni ittili aysum-nnes ittwacarreg.
Manis i dd-ttawin lmaynat?
Dini tnayen n tebridin i zi ittawyen ineymaren lmaynat, icten d tenni i zi dd-ssaɣen zeg inni itteggen lmaynat deg ikaryaren. Din ict tebridt nniḍen, xminni i tt-ttawyen x webrid n ttrabandu zi Mritc, maca tanita d tuqlilt. Minzi lmexzen ittẓeyyer mliḥ sselɛt i d-itteffɣen zi Mlilet. Asexdem n lmaynat d aqdim di Arrif, weyyen-t-id Ispunya d amezwaru, uca siɣan x-as tarwa n Arrif.
Ineymaren ccaten tfawt di lebḥer ttnejmaeen-d xas iselman uca neṭṭaren x-asen lmaynat, s manaya i zi neqqen iselman. Waxxa aṭṭas n ineymarne sɣuyyen x ddegg-a n lexdayem tiɛeffanin i neqqen tawennaḍt n lebḥer di Arrif. Maca waxxa amenni imḍebbaren wer ggin bu ca n tzemmar d timeqqranin maḥend ad qḍan x tyemra-ya ittḍarran amdan d lebḥer. Rni x manaya, anaw-a n tyemra yella s waṭṭas di Ddzayar d Libiya, izemmer zi ssa d usawen ad yeqḍa x wagla n iselman n lebḥer acemlal.
ɣer ɛawed: Mikro‑plastik, Tiyarjin tisemmaḍin!


text:
Sarah Bernhardt
Sarah Bernhardt (tlul s yisem n Rosine Bernhardt deg 22 Tuber 1844, deg Paris - temmut deg 26 Meɣres 1923), d tasegbart (actrice) tafrensist ay yellan tetturar-d ama deg umezgun, ama deg yisura imezwura n lqern wis 20.
Amecwar-is[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Sarah tebda-d amecwar-nnes deg umezgun deg Fransa, deg yiseggasen n 1870, yerna dindin kan teqqel mechuret ula deg tmura n Turuft ed Temrikt. Tella tesɛa "taɣect n wureɣ", am wakken ay tella tessen ad turar ledwar ay yessewliwilen ul n yemferrjen. Sarah Bernhardt temmut deg Paris, deg 1923.


text:
Le Rifain
Tenna tmunt tamaḍlant n čamma n uḍar d tmunt taglanzit n čamma n uḍar aqa imiraren i ittusun s neɛmada deg wudem n imiraren nniḍen, niɣ deg wudem n imessuguren n tfassin n čamma, ad ksin qarṭiya tazegg°aɣt.
Tenna tmunt tamaḍlant n čamma n uḍar aqa fayu-ya ittadef deg « usexdem n ca n wawal d aɛeffan, niɣ ca n tikk°ra, i yettucan ḥedd nniḍen ».
Terni tenna: « Merra ifayuten, labud zi larbiṭru ad yessen min kid-sen ɣa yegg, manaya ɛlaḥsab mamek yegga ufayu ».
Manaya yus-dd arendad i min ittɛic umaḍal, di lwesṭ n lebbla-ya n kuruna.
Terni tmunt tenna: « Mala tusut ttuɣa-tt wer telli bu s neɛmada, aqa larbiṭru wer ittegg walu. amen wer ittegg walu ɛawed mala yusu ca n umirar amen yigg°ej x imiraren nniḍen ».
Tala: BBC


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TAMURT – D lawan akken a nbeddet ar tmurt taqbaylit, anagar tagi iɣ-d-yegran tura. Ulac asirem akken as-tinim tamurt tazayrit ad ken-teg amkan «di « lzzayer tamaynut » i lla ken-d-cennun. Ilaq ad twalim, anida i dnegwrat, abaɛda deg asmi i d-ikker uḥirak agi n twaɣit. Nniɣ-d n twaɣit, acku ur d-yewwi ara ayen icebḥen, i zeddigen i teqbaylit. Nwala-ten d isertiyen d tsertiyin nneɣ i yezwaren i tegmatt akken a ten-yawin d aqfafen, akken ad ɣellten wiyaḍ, widak nni i neɣunzat si zik.
Llan yeqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin i mazal umnen d akken ad d-tili tegrawla anida aqbayli d waɛrab ad idiren di leqder d tlelli-s n yal yiwen. Ayagi d awezɣi ar ɣur-i, nekk wi-yicban. Nekk umneɣ d akken abrid agi iɣ-ddewwin ilmeẓyen akked isertiyen iqbayliyen, ad aɣ-awin ar nnger. Ur d-ttili tugdut, ur tettidir teqbaylit. Tutlayt lla ttsemmiḥen deg-s, kra n widak i yumnen s uḥirak n imsɛarben d temsɛarbin. Ur ttargut ara a yatmaten ma tkemmlem deg ubrid agi i d-tewwim si 16 furar 2019 i Kherrata. Ma nebɣa a nilit, ad d-nawit izerfan nneɣ, am nekwni am igduden. Ilaq-aɣ a nedduklet akken a
nessiwḍet ar yiswi n timuzɣa, am akken ad ttebnan imenza n 1949.
Tazwara isuɣan ad ilin s tutlayt n teqbaylit, ayen i wumi neqqar lislugan (slogans). Libandrul, ilaq ad ttawrunt s teqbaylit, mačči s tutlayt n taɛrabt. Tura ma tɣilem « ilaq ad tedjem deg lḥeq-nwen akken a ken-qeblen izayriyen d tzayriyin, wagi ar tagara a ken-yuɣal d tandemmit. Ili-k, mmel-d akken telli telliḍ ay Aqbayli a Taqbaylit zzat n tarwa n Bexta , ur sen-ttmeslayet ara s tegnawit (taɛrabt n ubrid) ur d tefferet ara iṭij s uɣerbal ! Ur sen kennut ara ay
Iqbayliyena Tibayliyin, ma ulaca ken yawi yasif d asawen, mačči d akessar am medden .
Abrid n uḥirak d abrid yecban win n tegrawla 54/62. Tura ma teqblem ayagi, am Karim Tabbou d Moḥsin Belbbas yeddan d iqfafen, agdud aqbayli ur umineɣ ara ifaq anida i iteddu. Ihi, yal Aqbayli, yal Taqbaylit i ifaqe, d lwaǧeb fell-aken ad d-ten-sfiqem Iqbayliyen nniḍen akken ur ttwakellaxen. Ilaq ad tellim allen-nwen, taɛerrubit lla d-ttaẓ am lmerḍ deg tfekka n umdan. Nekk i ken-iheddren akka, aqli ttidireɣ deg wennar, ttwaliɣ Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin amek illa « bran
i ṭṭbel deg waman ».
Ur tḥaraben ara ɣef tutlayt d yedles-nsen, tagnwit n tmanaɣt, lla tt-id-ttawint twaculin tiqbayliyen yettidiren d imsɛarben d temsɛarbin di yal tamnaḍt n tmurt tazayrit. Segasmi akka i d-teffɣen ar wabrid s xawa-xawa, walaɣ Iqbayliyen llin-asen abrid akken ad d-kecmen ar tzeqqa, ɣer wagens. Netta, mačči akka i d-iwi ma nebɣat a nili deg
imal. Ilaq-aɣ ad d-nbeggen akken nella, d Iqbayliyen s tutlayt d llebsa nneɣ s ansayen nneɣ, atg,…. Maca, walaɣ tagara-ya, Aqbayli ibra i wallen-is zzat n uxiṛṛiḍen n aɛrab-ineslem n izayriyen. Walit-d tamuɣli inu ddawa yagi:
Tawaɣit ntwaculin tiqbayliyin-a, hujrent, yennejlan f ddemma n weɣrum amcum. Xilla uya, yal yiwen d acu it-iwwin, ɣer wanida i iruḥ akken ad yidir ger wigi i wumi neqqar : « aɛraben-inselemn n usekkak ». Ass-a, xas wid i iruḥen si tuddart deg iseggasen n 60,70, tura sefrurxen lɛacuc ; d tiwaculin timeqranin, maca tarwa-nsent i d d-ilulen i berra n tmurt taqbaylit, kra din iruḥasen. Wissen amek, qqiment-d-kan kra n twaculin i mazal ṭṭefent di laṣel-nsent, abaɛda
tutlayt, acku d ttagi akk i d iziɣer (âme) n wegdud. Tarwa-nsen, ula d nutni urwen-d dderya, maca yiwen deg-sen ur yessawal taqbaylit (ad yenǧu Ṛebbi lmumen).
Mara d-rezfen deg ussan imuras, anagar taɛrabt i tt-ifuḥen garasen di tlemmast n tuddar. Ur d-faqen ara deg iman-nsen, msakit d akken : »beddlen taglimt am izerman di tefsut ». U teddun ar nnger-nsen, nsent. « Ad ruḥen, am tqeṭṭiṭ deg ubisar », lmaɛna-ines : kra dinn ur d-ittɣima deg-sen, ur d-itteggray. Aḥlil msakit, neqqar-as s teqbaylit
taqurant : « ur yuksan ḥedd it-yuɣen ». Wedjin fkan-d tamuɣli-nsen ɣer nnger i ten-ittrajun, kra n tsuta ar zzat akken llan ad ɛurben, « ad sebɣen » d aɛraben.
Am imeqranen, am imectaḥ, yiwen ur d yewwi s lexbar akken ad yeddekwel, ad d-isddekwel widak-is. Amer d lebɣi, yal yiwen, yiwet, ilaq-as ad yissin tutlayt-is ma yebɣa ad yidir d aqbayli,d taqbaylit, ma yebɣa ad iṭṭef di tjaddit-is, taneddra-s. Ayagi akk iruḥ-asen, aḥlil msakit ! Ulac deg-sen win ara d-yessakin wayeḍ. Teḍra yasen am winna akken yeṭṭfen luṭurut, tumuɣli ɣer deffir ulac-itt. Ad yesser Ṛebbi tamurt taqbaylit !!! acku, wigi i d avirus ameqqran ig ɣelben aviruscovid19 agi ig yemmɣen ɣef lɛamma deg umaḍal meṛṛa.
Wigi « imanagen » n ddaxel n tmurt, yeblaten uvirus i wumi neqqar : « taɛrabt tineslemt n usekkak », maca nutni amzun d iqbayliyen am wiyiḍ.
1) D nutni i d-yettawin ajeǧǧiḍ n tegnawit (tadderdjit) ayen i wumi neqqar : asɛarb (arabisation) ar tuddar d lqarub-nsen.
2) D nutni i ig zerɛen ddin agi « asalafi d uwahabi »(salafisme et wahhabime) ɣet twaculin nsen, ssexdamen-tent akken ad uɣalent am nutni, ar ujerbub akked d uniqab agi. D wigi a sen yeqqaren « takessiwt tlaq ad telsemt kan di tmeɣriwin, di berra ilaq d aqenddur d ujerbub n waɛraben ».
Ass-a twalam, tagnawit akked d uqenddur kecmen-d ɣer tuddar nneɣ u d tiwaculin agi i d sebba n unekcum n ujedjiḍ agi n waɛraben-inselmen.
3) Tawaɣit nniḍen, cerken nnesba akked d twaculin timsɛarbin. Ass-a, qrib ulac tawacult taqbaylit ur d-newwi yara neɣ ur nefka yara tawellitt-is i twacult timsɛarbet. Yernu, tawaɣit i tent-yugaren akk, semlalayen tullas n tmurt taqbaylit akken ad aɣent imsɛarben illan d ldjiran neɣ d lḥbab-nsent n tmanaɣt neɣ n Wehran, ateg,…
Hand Berkouk


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Adlis
Adlis d taffa n isebtar n lkaɣeḍ rqiqen yuran jemɛen s uxiḍi neɣ asenteḍ s llesqa, ssyin akin, a ten-ɣumen s lkaɣeḍ zuren. S imeslayen nniḍen, adlis d allus s tugta n tira n weḍris akken ad taweḍ tussna d tmussni ɣur yal amdan anda yebɣa yili, tallit yebɣa yedder-itt. Adlis daɣen mačči d aḥraz kan n yeḍrisen, d taɣawsa tafessast nezmer a tt-nawi deg ufus-nneɣ, s anda nebɣa ad nruḥ yis-s akken a tt-nɣer . idlisen ma ggten, nḥerrez-iten di temkarḍit n wexxam neɣ tin yebnan I yemdanen s umata meqqret ɣef tmezwarut .
Zdat ad yesnulfu wemdan isekkilen akken ad yaru tutlayt-is, yessuneɣ tiktiwin-is ɣef weẓru, amedya n yeslaḍen n Tasili deg uneẓruf n Tefriqt ugafa umi neqqar Tiniri. Akka I d-yebda umezruy n isalalen n tira akken ad yessenfali wemdan tiktiwin-is wa a ten-yeḥrez. Seg weslaḍ n weẓru ɣer win n ideqqi, akal-nni isi nettmahal afexxar, iɣerfan, yal yiwen amek d-yesnulfa asalel I tira-s.Si tallit ɣer tayeḍ asalel yemhez d tɣermiwin ; mačči d yiwen I yeqdec wemdan I tira, islaḍen n weẓru d wid udeqqi, tancirt, lkettan…
Iferɛunen sqedcen papyrus, d yiwen yemɣi teddzen.ssyin akin, iɣerfan nniḍen snulfan-d adlis amezwaru yesɛan isebtar n weglim n iɣersiwen umi fkan isem n parchemin. Ayen yura s tegrigit ugellid amaziɣ Yuba II yewweḍ-aɣ-d deg yedlisen n weglim n iɣersiwen…maca tagrawla n wedlis teḍra-d d wesnulfu n lkaɣeḍ di tazwara di tmurt n Ccin, ssyin akkin d tamacint n Mass Gutenberg di Lalman.d isekkilen yettembiwilen I d-yurwen adlis atrar I nesɛa tura.
Adlis amaziɣ s tutlayin tiberraniyin yetbɛa amhaz d-yeḍran deg wemḍal. Ma d win yuran srid s tmaziɣt tatrart ilul-d deg iseggasen 1980.Ungal Askuti, Faffa, Iḍ d wass d wiyaḍ ldin abrid I tutlayt d weɣref amaziɣ I lebni n tɣerma-s.


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Les Paroles de la chanson « Omar Ouhachm – Asmun Ihajr »:
Adisc Rzemgh Imi Inw Ayahnin A Mujud Rbbi;
Nzzurk A wnnat Isiliwn A Wnna Tit Zyyarn;
Mctit Tzyrt A Tulwu Talwu Iddad Wassas;
A Taghzi N Dduniyt Kuyan 3qln I Mayd Nnan;
Da Ggangh ard Acigh Han Izri Inw Yuyr Assif;
Da Algh Ardda Nsla Latyar G 3ari D Luhuc;
Ghf Usmun Nna Iyra Wul Hajrn Urid Yaghul;
Itfurt L3ql Am Ukhlawiy Da Yssara Dduniyt;
Yc Ighf I Lxla Mayd Ighin Yad Atti Di rarin;
A Tatfi N Lhayat Unna Ira Rbbi At Hnnan;
Hdun Tazdyi D Ufrah Ur Sar Ggidn Ica;
A Tatfi N Tudert Unna Ira Rbbi At Hnnan;
Hdun Tazdyi D Ufrah Ur Sar Ggidn Ica;
Bnadm Urigin Ancawiy Mayd Yad It Ganna;
xs Lixra Asi Itql Ima Lfrh Mnu3 Ad Yili;
Mun Du Meskur Teskrt Mun Du Mexsur Texsrt Kulci Rbbi Ayd Yaghul;
Ca Urixssa Luqt bnadem Uriri Ad Hnnan;
Mcawn Ihnna Wul Kulchi illayac G Ufus;
Urawn Ihnna Wul Mqar Ghurc Paris G Ufus;
D holland Espagne Amérique Awd Russie;
Urili Dwa Ns Ghur Ifrmliyn Ur Tccin Ur Hnnan;
Adac Bedlgh Awal 3danti Lqissan G Imi.


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Imussnawen ssnen aṭṭas n tmuceṭratin (mucṭra) n tsejjura tiqdimin deg umaḍal qqaɛ. Da a newwec ijj n tlata n imedyaten.
Maca waxxa amenni, qa iqqseḥ qbala a nessen lɛumur n tsejjart ɣir mala nedwel ɣer tussna n tsejjura (niɣ umi qqaren: « tadindrukrunulujit »). Manaya ad aneɣ-yejj a nadef di tqulariyin i dag-s di tcejjart, kul tadewwart s ij n useggas, zi senni ixess a tent-neḥseb.
Tanita d tabridt taqdimt, ihewnen qqaɛ i zi tticen lɛumur n tsejjart, maca amxumbel-nnes, tcejjart ixess a tettwaqqes. D wanita i yellan d amiṭuḍ i zi ɣa yekkes bnadem mezri n tussna-nnes, bac ad issen min teɛna tasejjart taqdimt qqaɛ di dduniyt.
Tayda n Bristlecone
D manaya yettwaggen di Prometheus deg useggas n 1964, deg yiger n ijj n tɣuri d tadindrukrunulujit x uklima aqdim n Wakud Ameẓẓyan n Wejris. Aya yewca ijjen uxarres x mecḥal i ɣer-s ɣer Tayda n Bristlecone (pinus longaeva) ig iɣemyen di Nevada (Amarikan), tasejjart-a ɣer-s ca n 4.844 useggas.
Lɛumur-a i d-saqaren maci 100% nnes nican maca yudes ɣer-s, minzi tidewwarin tiqdimin i g-s ittilin di tsejjart, tili weḍḍrent qqaɛ.
Ijj n tsejjart-nneɣni ufin-tt di Kalifurniya deg useggas n 1964, lɛumur-nnes 4.842 useggas, amkan n tsejjart-a ugin a t-inin mani i d-yusa nican ḥma a tt-ḥḍan zi ttaɛeddu n yewdan.
Ttakk°aḍen ad ssnen.
Ijjen tmelzit di Sswid, tettkk°aḍ ar 9. 552 useggas
Tasejjart-a nzemmer a xas neḥseb d nettat i yellan d taqdimt deg umaḍal qqaɛ, tettaf deg useggas n 2008, ɣer-s ca n 9.552 useggas.
Tasejjart-a yalleh iẓuran-nnes i yellan d iqdimen (sfesyen-ten s ukarbun 14). Ddegg-a ittemsaraw s usecci, Ittsemma xmi tiseḍwin-nnes ttwaẓẓunt bla ma ad mmeksent zeg iẓewran-nnsent imezwura.
A naf ila tsejjart tamezwarut tweḍḍer ça n 600 useggas zi mani, maca tiseḍwin d jjdid i yekkrent, ṭṭfen-as amkan s usistim n azɣuran amezwaru


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Yura‑t: Anir Maziɣ
Albirt Aynctayen (s tlimant : Albert Einstein) d amussnaw d ameqqran n ufizik. Ilul deg Uliman ass n 14 mars 1879 zeg imarawn d udayen, ittwassen s bab n « relativity« . Immut ass n 18 abril 1955.
Tina, d 6 n tmeslayin aṭṭas n iwdan war tent-ttessinen x Albert Einstein :
1. Tuɣa iccat lkaman
Umi ilmed Einstein lkaman tuɣa-t ɛad d ameẓẓyan, war isbedd al ami ibedd ufus-nnes afusi x unhezzi s tazzla rumi yewser. Einstein tuɣa iccat lkaman di tmeɣriwin n uswizi.
2. Inna-as uselmad-nnes: Cek ɛemmars ad tdewled d ca.
Einstein iɛḍel wer yelmid tikli d wawal. Ultmas « Maya » tenna xaf-s : « Einstein umi tuɣa-t d ameẓẓyan deg Uliman marra iwdan it-yudsen ggʷden xa-s ɛemmars ad ilmed awal ».
Di ssekwila, tuɣa-t wer ɣer-s ca aked timassanin tinefganin (Human sciences). Ɛawd tuɣa iqseḥ xa-s ad yari. Qqaren qa lesbab n manaya d lehlak n dyslexia.
Ɛla ḥsab min tenna ultma-s, iqḍeɛ zzag-s layas aselmad n tutlayt n Grik s uyenni inheḍ xa-s ict twala inna-s: « Cek ɛemmars ad tdewled d ca di tudert-nnek. »
Einstein yesqeṭ deg irim (examen) n wadaf ɣar tesdawit, waxxa amenni iksi awardi n Nobel aseggas n 1921.
3. Alli-nnes wer yelli nurmal.
Umi yemmut Einstein fesyen imussnawen alli-nnes deg ulaburatwar ufin di trezzutin-nsen belli tisilulin-nnes n lɛaṣab (Nerve cells) settfent s ijjen ammak walli nuṛmal, ula d imukan-nni yettḥekkamen deg uxarreṣ d urmas (afham) n bnadem deg walli-nnes ufin-ten d imeqqranen x mamek llan deg walliten n iwdan nneḍni. Manaya ijja lebɛaḍ ad inin qa din tɣuni jar tiɣist n Einstein d leɛbar n walli-nnes, maca ittɣima manaya d axarreṣ waha, minzi leɛbar n walli imsebḍa zi bnadem ɣer wanneḍni.
4. Tuɣa-t d aḍlib (Refugee)
Umi iwḍen Inaziyen ad ḥekmen Aliman, Einstein illa ittwassen di maṛṛa umaḍal, iwdan maṛṛa ssnen-t illa d Uday (iẓuran d udayen), suya tuɣa war izemmer ad idder di tmurt-nnes nettat lekruhiyet n wudayen tmarni ass awarni ass di Uruppa.
Di beddu n iseggusa n 30, ixdem Einstein deg Umarikan, awarn-as s drus iḥesb‑it Arrayex wis 3 d abeyyaɛ, am ula d imaḥdaren Inaziyen skemḍen idlisen-nnes.
Waxxa Einstein yesserwel aṭṭas n wudayen zeg Uliman n Hitler, inna deg ict n tebrat : « Takiɣ s lɛurret, necc teddareɣ da di lehna ḥedd nneɣni yettmerrat « .
5. Yugi ad yili d ameqqran n Israyil
Deg 1952, ttren zzag-s ad yili d ameqqran n Israyil deg ict n tebrat issekk-as-t umsaqqad n Israyil di Wacinṭun. Einstein di temrarut-nnes, icekkar amesqad, maca yugi minzi war das‑izemmer, ɛawed yewser (ɛla ḥsab min inna).
6. Tawlaft-nni ittwassnen, igg-itt umi ɣar-s yuẓa uṣewwar
Deg wass n tlalit-nnes wiss 71, Einstein yuẓa ɣer-s lḥal smellent yenni itṣewwren al ami id-yessufeɣ iles-nnes i yijjen zzag-sen. Awarn-as tedwel tteswirt-a zi tiwlafin-nnes ittwafsaren aṭṭas deg umaḍal. ula d Einstein issek zzag-s tunɣilin (copies) i imeddukal-nnes.


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Tujer cehrayen necc ttrajiÉ£ lmelḥama n ij n uterras ittili deg uliman, ixeddem aked ca n tmesmunin, qqarenâas Mohammed Ddeghouch. Lami áºriÉ£ ttsawar n Artistat i degâs i carken deg uÉawed n uÉ£ennij n UÉ£arrabuânneÉ£ n tseá¸ma n Isefá¸awen, ferḥeÉ£ aá¹á¹as, minzi ismun degâs jjil aqdim aked jjil n yiá¸a. Ddeghouch d yijj zegâneÉ£, imeÉ£naj marra zegâneÉ£, zeÉma safi, aÉ£arrabuânneÉ£, nennedehâit s ufusânneÉ£.
Tteswirt d Llɣa
YeffeÉ£âdd uÉ£ennij umi ggin « lmelḥama » mli É£ir wer ddâyeffiÉ£. Di beddu ibedda s ij n uÉ£arrabu anict n yilef, dinni yeá¸har belli AmessufeÉ£ n uvidyu klip itfekkar d ameáºáºyan. Adaf s tnixt n Mimun Reḥmuni, d Ḥayat buklaá¹a, âḤayat d tamÉ£art weḥḥdes i degâs icerken s tnixtânnesâ ina weá¸á¸renâasen tmijja di lmiksaj s Autotune, Autotune issexdamen imeÉ£naj É£er tella tnixt wer tecni, niÉ£ wer yessinen ad É£ennjen. Twalat É£er twalat ad iban ḥedd iceá¹á¹eḥ, arriḥet n uÉ£arrabuânneÉ£ d ayet babânnes, wer ddâttbin di tteswirt.
AÉ£ennij n UÉ£arrabu nneÉ£ n isefá¸awen ittirar x tnayen n ifiran s tgitart, imun kidâs wallun. Æir ad yebda ad tâtÉeqled. Manaya wer tânufi deg uÉ£ennijâa n jjdid, ssuren degâs llÉ£a aked llÉ£a, lmelḥama d tarifiyt, wer degâs qqaÉ arriḥet n Arrif, degâs arriḥet n andalusiya, d turk d ccerq. mani ggin cwayt zi llÉ£a n uÉ£ennij, gginât s imeá¸yazen, lecyux n rrgada, zzmar d wallun.
Lxezratâa maci inu weḥḥdi. Lxezrat carkenâtt akidâi aá¹á¹as n artistat d irifiyyen, tteggen tmusikt, niÉ£ gginâtet. S uÉebbuz di tmijja x ttaá¸iyyuÉâa das ggin i uÉ£ennijâa. Ca zegâsen nnan: wer degâs min É£a tcekkred!
AÉ£arrabuânneÉ£, indehâit lmexzen, ifesyas iseÉ£wan Fettaḥ Æemrawi.
Lxedmetâa tanita, ibedd xâas Rbank CceÉbi, lÉarabiya, ttisalat lmeÉ£rib, á¸á¸uḥa, ccarikat n lemxzen… Manaya yexs ad yini dinni tinÉacin urid drust, yemser degâs aá¹á¹as n ruḥ asâdd, d waá¹á¹as n tazliwin, maḥend ad tesmuned inaáºuren ca zi Arrif, ca zeg Uruppa. Xmi É£a nedwel a nexáºer wi ikumpuzan aÉ£ennij, nettaf d Fettaḥ Æemrawi, i yettwasnen ixeddem leÉ£nuj n tmeÉ£riwin, leÉ£nuj n ccá¸iḥ.
Amxumbel n ukritik
Irifiyyen Éad ttsedḥan a dinin awal n tidet, aá¹á¹as ifehhmen di tmusikt, niÉ£ di tzuri s kulciânnes, maca wer ttekritikan ca. Nessexdam lfihem n ndeh llah isexxer waha. Kulci yessbaḥ. Manaya nettafâit ura di tira. Tikti deg wuru, tettaja inni ixeddmen ca, ittÉ£ilâasen qa ksenâdd nnefs. Waxxa É£a yili tteccan waha.
Min yeqqnen É£er umezruy, niÉ£ É£er tdelsa n Arrif, wer ddâyekkar a degâs isneqcu ḥedd. Yekkarâasâdd asânbedd deg wudem i wenni yexsen ad yesserwet waha, asânemmel abrid iá¸ebÉen. D wenni umi qqarn aÉ£arrabuânneÉ£ a tânendeh s ufusânneÉ£, Wer tâineddeh Æemrawi ura d d Lbank CceÉbi !


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Deg tdiwennit-nnes tawalant d tɣemsa taɣelnawt, ay d-iɛeddan ass n usamas tameddit, yenna-d uselway Tebboune dakken « tugdut d tɣellist n uɣerman ur zmirent ad ilint arma yella uwanak d ameḍni », am wakken ay d-yerna dakken « awanak amelkuk ur izemmer ara ad yemmesten iɣermanen-nnes ».
Amennuɣ ay yettnaɣ uselway, seg wasmi ay yettwafren ɣer tselwit n tegduda, d win ay d-yettilin s tesmeskal-nnes yemgerraden, yernu d win aydeg « yekkat akken ad yeḥrez agemmir n Yizzayriyen », ɣef wakken ay d-yessegza.
I lmend n waya, yemmirew akken ad yernu tilawiyin d tekfi n trebbawt seg useggas ay d-itteddun, yernu ad d-yili waya s tezrawt d talqayant i lmend n usinef n tuffut, am wakken ay d-yerna dakken « yezmer lḥal ad rnunt tlawiyin s yiwen kan n uɣtas, niɣ cwiṭ, cwiṭ, s teɣzef n useggas ».
Yerna-d uselway n tegduda dakken iketturen n Zzayer d wid ara yeǧǧen daɣ adinaṛ ad yernu deg wazal s wakat alemmas, am wakken ay d-yerna dakken yessefk ad ttwaddmen « wakaten d iseddiyen akken ur d-tettili ara tuffut ».


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Iṭṭef tagiṭart, am ca n yejjen yeksi mmis, yeḍhar belli yessen-itt tessen-itt mliḥ. Waxxa ict twarat sriɣ‑as yenna belli netta yixes ad yesmun tmusiqt s wawal, urid s tmusiqt. Maca waxxa amenni isrusa awaren x ict tmusiqt tzemmer ad tessidef wenni i das-itteslan jennet.
Waxxa asfirnen war ittmeksi x wudem‑nnes, maca aɛebbuz-nni di tmijja n ifeqqusen yeqqim‑as illa ad yessiwel. Aɛebbuz x Arif, yemmarni ɣer‑s wenni n Tirelli n inekraf!
Amin Ziri mmis n Lḥusima ittedder di Paris. Twalat tamezgarut i das-sliɣ ittɣenna, deg 2012, Aɣennij n Amcum n yemcumen. Yegg-it s ijjen llɣa ɛemmars ma sliɣ‑as, ca n lḥajet d tamaynut x musika Tarifit. Ca n lḥajet n ujemmaḍ i lebḥar. Llɣa d arumi dag‑s lefwaḥ n Arrif. Ɛeqreɣ mliḥ cḥal i das-ɛawdeɣ i wɣennij « Amcum n yemcumen » qerɛeɣ-d YouTube yekmer ḥima ad afeɣ ca iɣennijen nniḍen-nnes.
Iseggusa‑ya ineggura nedwel nettwala isem n Freezri, isem‑a dag‑s netta, tamɣart‑nnes d Ayyub, mamek yenna Amin deg ijjen umsawal akd « Radas » aseggwas yeɛdan.
Tettessned artista itteggen tmusiqt i yixf‑nnes ḥima ad yessufeɣ min ɣer‑s deg wul waha, melmi tettafed d aḥrayfi deg uɣennej, maca wer iznuzi wer dd‑issidif zeg iɣennijen‑nnes walu. Wer ten‑tettifed di Plattforms n musiqa. Waxxa manaynni di tidet d tasɣart n artista, i nettaf Amin ziri yesmeḥ dag‑s.
Muḥa Afriwen, i yellan d lɛicert‑nnes, lami it‑sseqsiɣ x Freezri, wer yuci ar mani yufa ixf-nnes issawal xaf‑s mamec ssawalen izrawiyyen:
« Axmi tidet ɣer‑s iles tessawal, s iɣennijen-ines isrusa dag‑neɣ axarres deg umezruy d tmurt d weɣnas d tussna… Ayenni yiwweḍ s tzemmar d uxarres-ines ad yesmun deg uɣennijen Arifi umi qqaren cway n Musika, tettadef ɣer wul d leɛqel, ixeddem weḥḥd-s gi llaḥes wer itteg ddriz.
Ziri niɣ Freezri, remden zzayes aṭṭas imeɣnaj. Freezri netta d Arifi d aḥurri yekssi asafu n llɣa n Arif yessiɣa‑t i yenni zzag‑s ilemden. Freezri wur-ines d acemrar iccur s layas, suya iɣennijen-ines ujaren marra iɣennijen n Arrif, ittmud awaren ag llɣa yecnan s ijn tmegga wer t‑itteg ḥedd nniḍen. Freezri d anaẓur Argaz.
Freezri d amdduker-inu, remdeɣ zzay-s umi qqaren abrid n lɣa. D ammduker n tudert hant cenna ma nniɣ-as ɣar-i amedduker. »
Mermi ɣa nedwel ɣa tbibliyutikt-nnes, nettaf mindi mma yegga tniɣt ittekkes‑as-d nnefs, d tayri, Izran, aɣewweɣ, imeṭṭawen. Mkul aɣennij d axxam‑nnes di YouTube, am axmi daneɣ-yeqqar ṣennet waha, nnehra ma tcarked di ca n texxamt. Nnumrawat wer dayi-icqin, Fhem‑ayi waha min dak-qqareɣ.
Freezri yessares tniɣt-nnes x Jazz, x wadjun, x tgiṭart Klassik d tenni talikṭrikt, x temja. Min xef ma temmers trenni tcuni. Iɣenna x iẓewran, x areẓẓet x lejdud, Iɣennijen dag‑sen amnus n Arif. Maca ɛemmers ma yettu dag‑sen amnus n Imaziɣen marra. Tamezɣa lebda teḥḍer. Lemɛani d tfelsafit lebda teṭṭfen amkan‑nsen deg uɣennij n Freezri.
Jer aɣennij d uɣennij, ca n twaratin d iseggusa, ca n twaratin d ussan waha. mermi dd‑ɣa‑yegg amaynu? Ma ad t-id‑yegg s tegnawit mamek iwarda i Lerifain di tteqsirt n useggas amaynu? Cḥal ɣa kken imesḥessan‑nnes ttrajan? tɣiman d iseqsan ad ten-nejj i ca n wemsawal ca n twarat ak Freezri, Amcum n yemcumen deg ubrid n Tagrawla.


text:
Tarka
Tarka neɣ Taserka d aṭṭan amanṭaṭ xeddment-id tmadanin tiyersinin yettwasemma s yisem n umusnaw n tbiktirin Afrensaw Alexandre Yersin. Alammi d yunyu 2007 tarka tella d yiwet gar n 3 n tsakrarin ɣef acu yessefk ad yettulɣet fell-as ar tuddsa tamadlant n tdawsa (sin n waṭṭanen n iden gan d taburdit yakk d tawla tawraɣt).[1]
S ugani (litkal) ɣef wazzug n turin d twetlin tidawsanin, tarka tezmer ad tenfufed deg wezwu, s unermis usrid neɣ s wučči n tnegwa yeblulɣen neɣ yummsen s ibiktiren yerna ur wwint ara akken iwata. Isekna n tarka d wid yeggunin ɣef tamiwin yudnen g tfekka am tarka n timmist g iwelsen ilimfawen, Tarka mturin g turin d ugerjum
Tasensakrart d unfufed[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Igem d wenṭaṭ[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
.[2]
Anṭaṭ n Yersinia pestis ɣer wemdan ur nudin ara yezmer ad yili s:
Agzay d usiffel mgal takra[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Assuji atrar[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Taggaẓt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ẓeṛ daɣen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Imniren[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ WHO IHR Brief No. 2. Notification and other reporting requirements under the IHR (2005) Archived 2012-01-30 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Plague Manual: Epidemiology, Distribution, Surveillance and Control, pp. 9 and 11. WHO/CDS/CSR/EDC/99.2


text:
Amagrad : Takbabt n temzayt
Asmil : Tigejda n tanaramant
Amyaru:Amaruyidir
Di tazwara , ad nesmekti bli tamzayt d aferdis agejdan n tanaramant, mebla tamzayt ur d-tetsili ara uguzdi. Iɣella ad gen amek ara yili unagraw n temzayin di yal armud.
Takbabt N Temzayt
Takbabt n temzayt , d azamul n temzayt, Ahutil , neɣ aseqḍar.
Tara
Di tazwara n tanaramant, yal afaddad itsawi yides aɛekkaz, i talelt-is di kra n tegnatin n utrib(azgar n wassif, arfad n tɣawsa..atg).
Afaddad iḥrez aɛekkaz-is teɣzi n tuder-is, isbanay-d deg-s tafarayt tudmawant. Ass ma yuɣal d Afesnaw , ad s-yernu takbabt n temzayt. Ass-a d Afesnaw i yesɛun aɛekkaz s tekbabat n temzayt. , urkel n sawal-asen takbabat n temzayt.
Baden Bawel yura deg udlis tafaddadt i warrac(1908) bli yal Afesnaw isɛa abandu amecṭuḥ d amelal, af uɛekkaz-is, iked uqaru n umudar (tamatart) s cac d azegzaw , af sin wudmawen.
Deg isgassen imenza n tanaramant, netsaf sumata takbabt takerdis d tamlalt, s tamatart kan n temzayt(aqaru neɣ tafka i meṛṛa), s cac d azgaɣ neɣ d azegzaw.
Aɛekkaz
Aɛekkaz ifren-it-d s tiḥerci Baden Bawel , ilaq ad yili d anazbay aken ad izmir i irmuden n temzayt d wakud-ines . D imeɣri d algɣan d umlis nsṛem-it , isɛu ger 150 ar 160 isuntimen.
- Tulmist
Timerna n tiḥdert n wusal af rif aken ur itsmeča ara waɛkkaz ni, yerna nezmer ad t-neẓu deg Akal.
Taɛgaṭ n wuglim iqnen af leryaf i umesni-ines.
- Takbabat
Amedya tamzayt n izem teṭef iniyen azggaɣ d uwraɣ, atsag tekbabt-is d aḥric axater n tekbabt, daɣen d win ur iẓwiren ara maḍi imi s ccac i iwqem.
D afesnaw amenzu n temzayt i ismuknen takbabt, ismuzrrayen ḥerzen-ts, tsegiemen addad-is.
Sumata, iniyen n temzayt tslin yiwen rif wayeḍ di telmast, tamatart iked tenfalit n temzayt tsilin sufla-s.
Amzun d amenay s tekbabt, Afesnaw ad irfed aɛkkaz n tekbabt n temzayt, takbabt d tamekraḍt di 20 isentimen di tehri, 40 isentimen si teɣzi. Iniyen n temzayt tslin-d aka : ini agejdan d tasfift af rif, tis snat di telmast awfus n ifaddaden(Manuel de l’Éclaireur, 15e édition, p.29, 1943)
Timerna
Timzayin rnunut af tekbabt-nsent arazen i d- ḥelant neɣ tamadayt i d-win deg iguren idiganen neɣ igraɣlalen.
Ar kra n temzayin nezmer ad naf adagen anda tamzayt tesdari , ismawen n ifesnawen… atg, s ugzul d amezruy n temzayt ara naf tekbabat.
Takbabat
Takbabt d abandu, d senǧaq n temzayt, isegrew inaramen daw yeniyen-is. Takbabt itsawi-ts kan ufesnaw, izmer tikwal ad t-yefk i unmazul-is
Am usafu n wid itsazalen, takbabat d azamul timeɣlelt. Afesnaw ara iǧen tamzayt isɛa annuz n tikci n usafu i win i d-tedun, win ara iselḥun tamzayt.
Tamzayt d timeɣlelt, inaramen ilan deg-s tsruḥun tsasen-d wiyaḍ, tamzayt tetsɣimi.
Takbabt deg ansayen ismuken s iniyen n temzayt, s talɣa tamekraḍt, imsunef ma nerna-yas unuɣ n umudar tamatart.
Timitar n uɛkkaz d tmatart n temzayt
Tamatart, tanfalit, tamazagt n temzayt irkel nezmer ad ten-naf af tekbabat, maca ur ilaq ara ad nwali tamatart tefar defir n waṭṭas timadaytin. Takbabt deg-s amezruy d wannuz n temzayt, nezmer ad t-meddez s tekbabt n wurrar deg-s daɣen tamatart n temzayt.
Tili n umudar tamatart ad yili di telmast izi ar waɛkkaz.
Tamatart d tḥacits s yini wis sin, n temzayt, ma d talmast s yini amenzu n temzayt.
tamatart n temzayt, teqen ar wAɛkkaz n temzayt, d tamakraḍt tesɛa 25 isentimen di tehri, 40 isentimen di teɣzi, rif-is isɛa 2 isentimen di tehri, iked unuɣ n tamatart di telmast i sin idisan izi ar wAɛkkaz.
“Ur yeli unaram yersan aken iwata mebla aɛkkaz-is anaram” Baden Bawel.
Baden Bawel iqar-d af uɛkaz anaram bli yufa-t d nfu deg icerfan d imeḍqan itscegen. Aɛkkaz-agi ilaq ad yili n usɣar iẓewren, inna-d daɣen ilaq ad yuɣsif ama d inzaren(azal n 1, 67 isentimen).
Aɛkkaz d aferdis axuter deg tudert n unaram, daɣen di tudert iɣella ara awin ass n tufɣa-nsen, aken ad tafen d tudert-nsen n yal ass.
Aɛkkaz d nfu d tirziwin, deg urraren d irmuden, aken aɛkkaz-agi ad iqel d nfu ugar, ilha ma nerna-yas kra n idlag, am tuzya n umrar deg ixef-ines, idlag ad ilin d alalen n usmekti i lmurs, izumal n tezribt, d imeccaq, nezmer daɣen ad nedleg s iseḍruyen n temzayt neɣ n bab n uɛkkaz.
Aɛkkaz n temzayt
Yal tamzayt s ansayen-is, aɛkkaz n temzayt, izmer ad yili d win n ufesnaw, neɣ d aɛkkaz n temzayt, sefla-as takbabt n temzayt. Aɛkkaz itedu seg ufesnaw ar usmmezra-is. Ma yela aɛkkaz d win n ufesnaw, angaru-agi ad s-yar iniyen n temzayt s zux.
Aɛkkaz d azamul n temzayt, igenses amudar tamatart.
Ass n umsentel i ufesnaw, afaddad ad isers afus-is af uɛkaz ad iṛgem tullelt d takediti i uɣela-nes.
Yerfed-it ufesnaw deg temlilyin-is, di tagara n durt, deg isegrawen, deg irmuden imgaraden.
Deg igur, Aɛkkaz itsili deg umdiq amuran di teɣmert n temzayt, aɛkkaz werǧin ila af wakal.
- Adlag n uɛkaz
Afran n uɛkkaz
D asurif amenzu, send ad nefren asɣar ilaq ad nẓar i wumi ar nseqdec aɛkkaz anaram, ilaq ad yili d aquran : deqs d aɛkkaz i yerẓen ur izmir ara i taẓayt n unaram, ur ilaq ara daɣen ad yili iẓay, yerna ad yili d aɣdu ama d ulamek.
Aɛkkaz ifazen mačči d win ara d-taɣeḍ, neɣ ara k-d yaf wayeḍ, aɛkkaz anaram d win ara d-tferneḍ s iman-ik di teẓgi.
Ajraḍ d tira
Nwala akk tira n iskkilen imenza n ismawen af isekla d tgida n uɣerbaz, tiɛugent-agi d taɣuzi n iskkilen af usɣar.
Tiferki tamenzut d tira n iskkilen af usɣar s ijariḍen usligen, nezmar ad naru s imru, neɣ s wayen sɛan taqamumt, nezmer ad negg aya i usuɣen n tekbabt af usɣar, neɣ unuɣ aḥerfi niḍen.
Seyin akin ad neɣz iclem ilan ger ijariḍen usligen s tefrut isɛan taqamumt, mačči ama telqay aṭṭas, maca ur ilaq ara ad netsu ajraḍ agensan, s tmurent i iskkilen am k, g, h.
Seyin akin ad nefreḍ akk iclem d usɣar ilan ger ijariḍen usligen, gret taɣdeft ama ad tefɣem i ijariḍen igensasen neɣ wid n bara. Ayen ara d-teksem ur yetsuɣal ara.
Aseqdec n uɛkkaz anaram
Aɛkkaz anaram ad yelhu di deqs n tegnatin, atentih kra imedya.
- Amrig n ustan di tezgi,
- Azgar n wasif neɣ iɣzar,
- Aselken n telqay n wassif neɣ tamda,
- Acidi n ugman yerẓen,
- Talelt n walbɛaḍ(azdar),
- Asali n usdari utrig,
- Azgar n iɛkiren,
- Aluy n icarfan d idurrar,
- Aktili n imcaqen,
- Aqaraɛ n lɣaci,
- Tuzɛa n uqjun.
Ɣar daɣen
Acu i tanaramant Amuder tamatart temzayt Tiɣmert temzayt Aseqqamu Temzayt Takbabt n temzayt
Iswiyen n temzayt Ansayen n temzayt Azmam temzayt Tamzayt
Iniyen n temzayt(taḥacits n tuyat)


text:
Tasunnit
Tasunnit d afurk n tineslemt.
65–75% seg inselmen d Ssunna.
- Ttamnen belli i iḥekmen af inselmen, lxalif, ilaq ad yili d aɛrab seg teqbilt n qureyc. Akk lxulafa ɣur-sen d uzrifen. Kra seg-sen ur steɛrifen ara s lxilafa n iɛetmaniyen axaṭer mači d aɛraben. Seg-wasmi temmut ddewla n iɛetmaniyen ssunna ha-ten mebla Xalif, llan kra i iɛerḍen ad uɣalen Xalif lameɛna ur zmiren ara.
- Ttrajun Lmehdi akken ad yettnaɣ amgal d deǧǧal s lemɛiwna n Ɛisa. Deǧǧal d awaɣzen ɣur-s yiwen tiṭ kan, yittidir g tigzirt g tama n tmurt n waɛraben. Yettraju assireg n rebbi akken ad yeffeɣ.
- Imaturidiyen d icɛaryien ttamnen belli ur nezmir ara ad nessen amek yettwaxdem rebbi, lameɛna isalafiyen ɣur-sen rebbi yesɛa tafekka s igmanen am aqerruy, ifassen u iḍaren.


text:
Mass ASSAD Si Lhachemi di Furum « Ecceɛb »
Amaray Amatu n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa, Mass Si EL Hachemi ASSAD, yella ass n 2 meɣres 2022, d inebgi n Furum « Ecceɛb » di Lezzayer Tamanaɣt deg temlilit-ayi yella-d uskasi d usqerdec n temsal yerzan asdusi n Tmaziɣt deg yeḥricen n usedwel d taywalt akken i d-yuɣal Mass ASSAD ɣer temsal iceɣben tamaziɣt imi nettat tutlayt taɣelnawt tunṣibt, tigejdit n tumast tazzayrit. Kra n yisental iɣef d-yemmeslay Umaray Umatu di temlilit-ayi akk d tɣamsa :
- Tasṭratijit n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa.
- Addad n uselmed n Tmaziɣt di 26 iseggasen.
- Iswiyen n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa i usniles n kra yimagraden deg usaḍuf uwellah aɣurbiz uṭṭun 08-04 i d-yefɣen ass n 23 Yennayer 2008.
- 8 n yiberdan i utkeffel iwulman asmatu n Tmaziɣt.
- Aseḍru n wahil n yirmad n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa deg useggas n 2022 s :
- ulday unṣib n tɣerɣert tumḍint taɣamsant s Tmaziɣt « Taɣamsa »,
- uttikki n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa di tmesrit tis 25 n udlis agreɣlan,
- Ahil n terziwin ɣer Lwilayat n tmurt, i usefqed n uselmed n tutlayt n Tmaziɣt.
- Amager n yiselwayen n trebbaɛ tiberlamaniyin n ssin yesquma (asqamu aɣerfan – asqamu aɣlan).
- Asenfar n yiwen weɣmis anagdud s tmaziɣt.


text:
tarwa n igwilaln
tarwa n igwilaln! atbir ɣ ngr taccrafin rbbi ad-k issmɣurn
immaɣ baba d immi, umnɣ srun a rbbi
man tinu, ur iyyi tɛḍiṛ nnɛart mani s ad sawalɣ
ini nẓi baba naḥl, iɣ nsawl s immi naḥl
nrajɛa baba mra ira awal ad nniɣ
ad ur iggawr ijhl, ar ismaɣ iwaliwn d tmɣart
inna: nbrra gik! ur-k nssin ula tssnm anɣ!
mra tbiddt ɣ dari tsawlt awal inu
ad ak nssiɣbul ajmil, nfk-ak akal ula aman
ɣik-ad mun d mak, rrɛa ... s ixf
nrajɛa immi, mad trit awal i urgaz nm
tsawl-d ɣd nttat s imi qll n wawal
ittḥnnan zund yan ikṣuḍn yan a imuslmn
mra iri baba-k ad nmun ad ur ittini mqqurɣ
mqqar kullu ḍṛn uxsan inu kad tgga
kad tn iccan d lmadda ɛlah ur issn is sul ur mẓẓiɣ
mani tzri saɛt ns, mani tlkm tins?
dduɣ s ibba sawlɣ srs nniɣ as: ndrɣ-ak
ɣ lḥurma a baba, namẓ-ak lḥuṛum n baba-k
d imma-k ad tṣbṛt, yuda-k ɣ waqqur n tmɣart
mqqar nssmɣur ad ur as ttinit ad-km nssinf
lwaldin gan man ittnɛar d ɣ mani
s ar sawalɣ, a baba yuda-k ɣ wawal n tmyart
nrajɛa-d daɣ imma sawlɣ as nniɣ as:
mra trit ad awnt gɣ arraw mknna tramt
tṣbṛt i baba mad trit a immi lɣyar ns


text:
« Ita xzar mamec yeɛdu lweqt deɣya », Ijjen wawal lebda neqqar-it jar-aneɣ. Ura kṭer xminni lweqt iɛedda deɣya bla ma ad kid-s naca. Maca, din idwan ttacan s lweqt s ijjen tebridt nniḍen. Uca ttakan s umelli, minzi ttwalan belli akud iɛedda yedqel. Ca n twalatin xminni nettraja ḥedd ɛawed, nettaca belli lweqt iɛedda idqel. Maca xminni nseɛdda ussan n bakansi-nneɣ, nettaca ɛawed ila ussan ɛeddan deɣya. Steve Taylor, ijjen d Abriṭani, igga tizemmar-nnsen maḥend ad issen mayemmi ittazzel lweqt ɣer ca n iwdan, ca zzag-sen lla. Tarezzut-a nnes ismun-it deg udlis n « asenneɛ n lweqt ». Adlis-a ɛawed ittbeqqec deg ixarrisen ibennan iwdan x lweqt, d man later ig itejja manaya di taycit-nnsen imsebḍan x lweqt.
Kul ijjen zzag-neɣ ɣer-s ijjen teycit s ɛeddu n lweqt, taycit-a tettemsebḍa zeg ijjen ɣer wenniḍen. Manaya iqqen ɣer tnefsiyt n kul ijjen. Bnadem i yellan ixeddem, lweqt tɛedda ɣer-s deɣya, maca iɛedda idqel xminni bnadem ittaca s umelli niɣ xmi ittili yehlek. S uya, Taylor yeqqar belli tanefsiyt n bnadem ig ittejjan lweqt ma iɛedda deɣya ma lla.
Temɣer d lweqt ittazzlen
Aḥenjir ameẓẓyan ɣer-s asegg°as iɛedda yedqel, maca ɣer iwessura aqa-t ɣer-sen iɛedda deɣya. Alaḥsab asit aliman SWR-wissen, ig ixeddmen x isental imassanen (sujets scientifiques), ggin azemmem i ufinumin-a. Mamec iwwḍen ad t-splikan s ijjen tebridt d tamassant. Di teṭyurit, lweqt lebda aqa-t deg wemkan-nnes. Tminut d tminut waha la ɣer uḥenjir la x umeqqran, maca mamec i zi nettaca s tminut-nni i yella yemsebḍa zi wa ɣer wa. Ca n imussnawen nnan belli manaya d ca n leḥsab yettegg-it walli n bnadem, leḥsab-a ibedd x wanict ig yeddar bnadem. S manaya ijjen usegg°as ɣer uḥenjir bu tlata n iseggusa di buḥbel-nnes yettwaḥsab d ttulut n tudert ɣer-s. Maca ɣer uwessar di tesɛin di buḥbel-nnes, ɣer-s asegg°as d ijjen cwayt d ameẓẓyan di lweqt ig isseɛda netta. Ittsemma mamec ifehhem uterras lweqt iqqen ɣer lɛumur i ɣer-s.
Di tlatin n iseggusa tamezwarut zi tudert n bnadem, ttuqiɛent-as aṭṭas n tmeslayin. Yettraḥ ad iɣer ɣer tmezgida tamenzut, tasdawit, irezzu x lxedmet, ittemselqa aked imeddukal d imaynuten. Ad ibda ad imlussun aked tḥudriyin. Ad idwel ad issen ixef-nnes kṭer. Maca di tlatin n iseggusa nniḍen, abeddel-a wer dag-s ittuqiɛ ca manaya. Xenni itteɛqab bnadem ittadef di rrutin, aɛawed. Imussnawen qqaren xminni bnadem issadaf ineɣmisen d imaynuten, ittemsurruf akid-sen. Danita lweqt iɛedda idqel, d manaya ig ittejjan kul ijjen zzag-neɣ mamec ittaca s tebridt temsebḍa lweqt jar inni imeqqranen d imeẓẓyanen.
Tizemmar x usedqel n lweqt
Alaḥsab mayen yeqqar Taylor, nettaf belli iwdan imeqqranen drus xminni xezzaren ca n ḥajet d tamaynut. Mani imeẓẓyanen azgen ameqqran n tmeslayin iẓarren aqqa-t ɣer-sen d jjdid. X manaya imussnawen tticen ca n tfawin x mamec ɣa nessedqel lweqt ɣer imeqqranen. D amezwaru, aqelleb n ca n tmeslayin d timaynutin : Xzar ca n lhiwaya d jjdid, qelleb ad teddred ca n leḥwayej ɛemmers ma tɛiced-ten. Safer ɣer ca n imukan nniḍen. Cḥal mma mmernin iktayen-nneɣ (nos mémoires) di twengimt nettaka zzag-sen axmi d izegraren kṭer zeg inniḍen. Wer tɣastar bu aṭṭas n lweqt x ca n tmeslayin wer neffɛent : Aḍeyyeɛ n lweqt d min wer ineffɛen, ameknaw lweqt ig ittekk bnadem zzat i ttilifun-nnes. Liraret n lkarṭet, afurrej di ttlibizyu. Ameknaw ddegg-a n tmeslayin ig ittejjan lweqt iɛedda deɣya deɣya. Wer tettbedda ca x min ttuɣa tesseɛdid. Minzi alli netta yettwala bnadem xmi i d-itterra iktayen-nnes, itteḥsab-it d aḍeyyeɛ n lweqt. S uya imussnawen qqaren ixess bnadem ad ikunsunṭra x yiḍ-a waha. Ad yagg°wej x min yeɛan d yimal, minzi llan di lexyal-nneɣ waha.


text:
Tura-t: Silya (Salima ZIANI)
Iṭurjem-itt-idd zi teɛɛrabt : Khalid BOUYAALA
Ssa i xseɣ ad bdiɣ
Tusa-dd ɣer-i tɛessast, illa qqareɣ ungal n Nawal Sseɛdawi : « Ussan-inu di leḥbes n temɣarin »… S yijj n yilef n lmeftaḥ, irẓem-dd tawwurt-nni n wuzzal ; tesqarqeb-dd xaf-i tɛessast di texxamt-inu, tenna-yi-dd : « Salima ! Salima ! kker, kker ssenni, yusa-dd ɣer-m ubuɣaw »
Kkreɣ zeg uraq-inu, yeṭṭef-ayi-dd ijj uxeyyeq d ijj n lweḥlan, lbal-inu iraḥ ɣer imeddukkal d tmeddukkal-inu.
Am lebda, usint-idd kid-i tnayen n tɛessasin, ggint-ayi ifassen-nsent x teɣruḍt-inu, ttakiɣ zeg-sen axmi d tisuḍar i rbuɣ. Umi wḍeɣ ɣer texxamt-nni mani nettemsagar akked wi dd-ɣer-neɣ ittasen, reẓmeɣ-dd tiṭṭawin-inu, ttwaliɣ imeddukkal-inu imeɣnas : Naser, Nabil, Jellul… wer umineɣ… wer ukiɣ, ufiɣ ixf-inu deg uḥsi-nsen, bdiɣ ttruɣ, ttruɣ… qqaren-ayi : « wer ttegg°ed, aqqa-neɣ mliḥ ! »
Laɣan-aneɣ-dd iwdan n usqqamu anamur n tseqqar n yewdan (lmejlis lwaṭani li ḥuquq l’insan), illa d remḍan, leḥmu ; Uca yura-neɣ a nemẓar, zriɣ deg-sen irgazen-nni wer iheddem zzman, leḥbes wer zeg-sen iwwi walu. D irgazen, ad qqimen i lebda d irgazen !!!
Tilelli i yneḥbas.


text:
Fernando de Magallan
Fernando De Magellan (s Tpuṛtugalt: Fernão de Magalhães), (s Tespenyult: Fernando de Magellanes) ilul deg useggas n 1480 di temdint n Sabrosa di tmurt n Portugal yemmut deg wass n 27 yebrir 1521 d amenẓad (lqayed) d anaram n Portugal, tettwanefk-as-d tnekkit taspenyult s usrag n imahilen-is d iqeddicen-is i wgellid n Spanya Carlos V deg ussilel ar utaram s iswi n unagi (unadi) ɣef webrid ar Tigzirin n Malukus id yezgan deg tmurt n Indunisya.
Assikel id yellan gar n iseggasen n 1519-1522 iga d tulust tamezwart iy zegren Agaraw anaṭlas ar ugaraw Amelwi (dɣa deg tuffɣa-ynes seg ugaraw anaṭlas yekka d yiwen n ugrilel yessemma-y-as Agrilel n Magellan).


text:
Aɣucaf
Aɣucaf (Assaɣ ussnan: Crocodylinae) d amrarad ameqran yakk di tegnit (ddunit) , Aɣucaf d adu-twacult yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tɣucaf deg tfesna n tzutar
Tasartut d usismel[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg uɣucaf llan-t 3 n tewsitin d 14 n telmas:
- Osteolaemus:
- Aɣucaf agezlan (Osteolaemus tetraspis)
- Tomistoma:
- Agavial n Malisia (Tomistoma schlegelii).
- Crocodylus:
- Aɣucaf n Nnil (Crocodylus niloticus).
- Aɣucaf n Kuba (Crocodylus rhombifer).
- Aɣucaf n Marikan (Crocodylus acutus).
- Aɣucaf awlal (Crocodylus porosus).
- Aɣucaf n Ɣinya tamaynut (Crocodylus novaeguineae)
- Aɣucaf n Tefriqt (Crocodylus cataphractus).
- Aɣucaf n ibelmaten (Crocodylus palustris).
- Aɣucaf n Uṛinuku (Crocodylus intermedius).


text:
Musa Aɣerbi, i yellan zeg imeɣnas n Tmaziɣt imezwura di Arrif. Deg ussan-a i d-igguren yeggur ad d-issufeɣ ijjen udlis ittbeqqec dag-s x umezruy n atrar n Lmuɣrib. Ula kter mayen iqqnen iwdan n « umssu anamur » d mamec ttuɣa i d-xezzren ɣer Tmaziɣt. Musa Aɣerbi, yeqqar deg weɣlaf n udlis-nnes: « neccin d ijjen tecwiḥt zi tussna n lebḥer acemlal, ammu i ttuɣa aneɣ, ammu i ɣa neqqim. Ar mani i daneɣ-d-usin iḥewwasen iɛrubiyen xsen ad aneɣ-bḍan x lebḥer i yellan d beddu n tɣerma tafengant ».
Musa Aɣerbi ttuɣa-t d aselmad di tesdawit n Muḥemmed Amezwaru deg Ujda. Mamec ttuɣa yellan zeg inni isbedden tamesmunt n Yugurten deg usegg°as n 1995.
Musa Aɣerbi, i yellan zeg imeɣnas n Tmaziɣt imezwura di Arrif. Deg ussan-a i d-igguren yeggur ad d-issufeɣ ijjen udlis ittbeqqec dag-s x umezruy n atrar n Lmuɣrib. Ula kter mayen iqqnen iwdan n « umssu anamur » d mamec ttuɣa i d-xezzren ɣer Tmaziɣt. Musa Aɣerbi, yeqqar deg weɣlaf n udlis-nnes: « neccin d ijjen tecwiḥt zi tussna n lebḥer acemlal, ammu i ttuɣa aneɣ, ammu i ɣa neqqim. Ar mani i daneɣ-d-usin iḥewwasen iɛrubiyen xsen ad aneɣ-bḍan x lebḥer i yellan d beddu n tɣerma tafengant ».


text:
Qaɛɛad ccarka n Biontech tettemseksi akd lwizara n seḥḥet n uliman, ḥima ad dasen ucen arruxṣa ad bdan ad jjun deg iwḍan.
« Qiment ɛad ijjen tnayn n simanat cnant » i yenna Jens Spahn awzir n seḥḥet. Izemmer ad ucen arruxṣa di rwest n dujenbir.
« wanita d ijjen ccan yemɣer, Manaya n Biuontech d ijjen uṭewwer d aliman yejhed, urid yejhed maca yetqarra » i yenna Spahn i yarradyu n Bayern. Min ɣa yḥekmen i yedjan d tiɣurinwin x ruuruf n yewdan »
Waxxa amenni, aliman yessewjed Bakunat zi mkul aklaṣi, ca n 300 mlyun, Xsen wer tqemmren x ijjen bakuna waha.


text:
Aḍris-a (le texte), ufiɣ-t di « Étude sur les Bettioua du Viel Arzeu » n Samuel BIARNAY i dd-iffɣen di Revue africaine, deg 1910. Tessawal x min ijjin Sidi Cɛayeb Uneftaḥ ad idwel d Amrabeḍ.
Ha min deg-s dd-yusin:
Sidi Cɛayeb Uneftaḥ, netta d tuccayt-nnes
Illa [idja] wer t-issin ḥedd ila d amrabeḍ.
Illa ɣer-s ij n tenwalt [tanwtc] deg ij n wedrar, ssnen-t yewdan dini ila d ij ubuhali.
Ikkar ij n nnhar, ij n twessart, ɣer-s ij n mmi-s, ihwa ɣer lebḥer, ittiɛyar dini ; tekka-dd ijj n tɣerrabut irumiyen, ufin-t din ittɛayan, nitni ḍrin ɣer-su, ksin-t, uwyen-t akid-sen, tekkar yemma-s, tefqed mmi-s, tufa-t wer yelli, tuḥḥel di trezzut, wer t-tufi, tuḥḥel deg imeṭṭawen, teqḍeɛ ayas-nnes zeg-s.
Ijj n nnhar, tegga ijj umendil n rrɣayef, tuwey-it i ubuhali-nni, ikker netta iɛerra x-as, ittwala ssedqet n mmi-s, inna-s : « mmi-m, idder wer immut », tenna-s : « A sidi, malla [madja] idder a dayi-t-temled mani i yella ! » Inna-s : « a xalti, kker ad trewwḥed ɣer taddart-nnem !» Tugur [tujuaa], trewweḥ, iberreḥ-dd i tuccayt-nnes, yewca-s ttrid-nni, tecca-t [teccit], inna-s : « wenni i yeccin agla n miden deg-s amerwas ».
Tekkar tuccayt-nni, teffeɣ, teggur, tekka rriḥet, tehwa ɣer lebḥer, tebda tessunsuy ; yennurẓem webrid ḥtarmi tuwweḍ lwesṭ n lebḥer, tefqed ixf-nnes, tufa ixf-nnes di lwesṭ n lebḥer, texẓer zdat-s tettwala abrid, tzad deg ubrid, texḍel ɣer temdint-nni mani i llan irumiyen-nni, tufa aḥḥram-nni, iffeɣ-dd zi tewwurt n temdint, iksi-dd ijj n teqrect, yusa-dd a tt-issired di lmujet n lebḥer, ibda issirid-itt, tekkar tuccayt-nni, teḥḥḍa, tessunsuy ṭṭerf-nnes, tejja-t ḥtarmi i yelha, teksi-as taqrect-nni, terwel zeg-s, ittbeɛ-itt netta s tazzla, tekkar nettat, yennurẓem-as webrid di lebḥer, tekker nettat teḍfar-it, ikker unibu-nni iḍfer-itt ḥtarmi i yuwweḍ lwesṭ n lebḥer, ifqed ixf-nnes yufa ixf-nnes di lebḥer, ixzer zdat-s yettwala abrid, ittbeɛ-it ḥtarmi dd-yuwweḍ ɣer lmersa i yeɛqel x tmurt-nnes. Tuccayt-nni trewweḥ ɣer mul-as ; aḥḥram-nni, iruḥ ɣer yemma-s, iɛawed-as netta min x-as ikkin.
Ɛad i dd-rrin lexber ila d amrabeḍ.
Yessufeɣ-it-idd, iɛawed-as tira: Khalid BOUYAALA.
Mani-s i dd-temmeksi :
BIARNAY S., « Étude sur les Bettioua du Viel Arzeu », Revue africaine,t. LIV, 1910, pp. 97-181, 301-342,405-439


text:
Awel di kren imennuɣen-nneɣ
Seg terbaɛt n Irrécupérables [1]
Neknim irgazen i gettḥibbin irgazen, lxalat i gettḥibbin lxalat, win i gettḥibbin-en g sin-nsen, iwetmen i gennernan-dd d tiwetmin, tiwetmin i gennernan-dd d iwetmen, d win ul iqeblen ula ayen asen-dd-nnan mi nnernan-dd, queers, tibergazin, tirgazin, imeṭṭuḥen, negguma akelleḥ-enn seg timeddurin-nneɣ did imennuɣen-nneɣ i umeḥyef d uɛuffi n inselmen d ukapitalizem. Nettcaha taddukli d umnennay n imennuɣen-nneɣ s kra illan did-sen.
Neknim d Irrécupérables sik negguma leḥqer f lxalat, f irgazen i gettḥibbin irgazen, f lxalat i gettḥibbin lxalat. Ayen nettedder d ṭṭarix n imennuɣen-nneɣ tterran-en g ṭṭerf, tekkasen-aneɣ-d awal-nneɣ, ɛallmen-aneɣ s iɣil n ddula n fransa d umeḥyef. Nekni nennuɣ u di nennaɣ i uqabal n kra illan zzeg-neɣ amanek aɣen di ẓren i zzat, amanek di msawan lḥuqq-nsen d win-nneɣ. Neqqaṛ-edd ilaq i di ḥebsen tawakksa n wayen sɛan gar ifadden ibestuḥa d igeɛmura i gennernayen-dd la d iwetmen la d tiwetmin. Abeddel n wayen i gettwaketben g lekwaɣeṭ n iwetmen i gennernayen-dd d tiwetmin, tiwetmin i gennernayen-dd d iwetmen mebla kra n useɛddi kra g ssbiṭar neɣ g uxxam n lḥeqq, tawakksa n usmekti g lekwaɣeṭ i geqqaṛen-dd mala d awtem neɣ d tawtemt. Nettnuɣ i lḥeqq i usnerni d lɛawen n iṭbiben l lxalat meṛṛa d uqabal s lḥeqq n kra illan g ixxamen (tiwaculin). Nettɛus lqanun-enn i usexdem n uttwakteb g lekwaɣeṭ i warrac i gennernayen-dd s “usnerni i wayeṭ”, d usennger n imiḥyaf i tibergazin d imeṭṭuḥen (g uzedduɣ, g lxedma, d uxxam n lḥeqq…). Nettetter seg temẓi taleqqaqt i di ssnulfayen-d i warrac areyyeb n tifula ff anek ttmagan lxalat d irgazen zeɛma, dayen i gezwaren luxan nebɣa i di nut f ufunzer n tiɛwinin, d tiyita f lxalat d tibergazin d imeṭṭuḥen… Ternu, negguma i di naẓer asɛeddi i lḥuqq-nneɣ dayen g uqabal n irgazen d ukapitalizem i geḥducen aɣen di ssekcemen g uripublik-nsen.
Neknim d Irrécupérables miɛad ul nettilli s wayen ttiraren ayt umeḥyef. Negguma win i gterran iman-nsen d leḥraṣ u tiddi i zzat d lḥuqq-nneɣ, ziɣ tterran imennuɣen-nneɣ f usmeksi n lxalat d tibergazin d imeṭṭuḥen i umeḥyef. Nettqamar i lehduṛ n ssiyyasa n “uyeffus maṭi” d “ucelwaḥ” i gterran iman-sen ttilin did uripublik-enn, seg timeẓrit-enn n listiɛmeṛ s wayen qqaṛen aɛuffi n lxalat d tibergazin d imeṭṭuḥen d iwetmen i nnernayen-dd d tiwetmin d tiwetmin i nnernan-dd d iwetmen i gettilin tugriṭ al ukan seg kra n imekwan kra neɣ seg inselmen (neɣ win ttɣilen d inselmen) d medden seg win ul isɛan ula. Uhu, aɛuffi-yenn ittdda seg bekri-yenn al tura g tmurt n Fransa, bennun-att : d ayen i gxelqen tazwara s ufus n win ɣur-sen leḥkem. Anken daɣen i usmeksi n uddayen, i nettɛayyeṭ anis i dd-isan, am useqdec n umennuɣ f uɛuffi n uddayen amanek di rennan i umeḥyef n inselmen d iẓawaliyen. Neknim d Irrécupérables sik nettili danna anig ul aɣen-tettṛajam ula. Tura miɛad ddula tɛqel kra kra aɛuffi n lxalat d tibergazin d imeṭṭuḥen d iwetmen i gennernayen-dd d tiwetmin, tiwetmin i gennernayen-dd d iwetmen, ttcahan aɣen di sseṭmɛan dayen d win ul ttilin ula d imellalen i gesseddawen aɛuffi-yenn g tmurt-a, qqaṛen-dd ilaq i di nennaɣ gar-aneɣ. Lmeḥsub, seg usmeksi n tibergazin d imeṭṭuḥen n yiǧǧ uɣennay n rrap d aberkan neɣ n yiǧǧ ccix, fell-aneɣ xic n ureyyeb n uripublik, dacu ul di ɛeyben ula annim annim-a yiǧǧ uɣennay n labaryiti d amellal, n yiǧǧ uminister neɣ d akardinal i gzeddin lḥuqq i tibergazin d imeṭṭuḥen i cceṛ d utirurizem. Yiǧǧ i gxedmen ssiyyasa g tmurt kra d tamfrikit i gneqṭen s wawal illa zzeg-s uɛuffi n tibergazin d imeṭṭuḥen, di dd-kkren meṛṛa medden i gxedmen ssiyyasa i daha, dacu sguman i ssetnen iman-nsen miqal aguday n medden mucaɛ qqaṛen-dd mebla asetḥi awalen i gellan zzeg-s ameḥyef. Nesguma i di nirar anka. Tazwara, i nɛawed bellik llan ɣur-neɣ imeṭṭuḥen d tibergazin d iwetmen i nnernayen-dd d tiwetmin d tiwetmin i gellan daɣit d iberkanen, d “aɛṛaben” d inselmen. Ternu, nettɛawad taddukli d win i gettedderen aɛuffi f imeṭṭuḥen d tibergazin d iwetmen i nnernayen-dd d tiwetmin, d tiwetmin g ddunit meṛṛa, u zzeg-sen win i gettedderen ssiyyasa tameḥyeft n ddula n Fransa. F useqdec n imennuɣen-nneɣ amanek aɣen di bṭun, neqqaṛ-edd afus g fus d taddukli.
Neknim d Irrécupérables miɛad nettekkar-dd f tiyita d leḥqer i gjemɛan-dd lḥukumat n iṭelli-yenn d wass-a f igellilen d iẓawaliyen. Nettnuɣ f ayen ul imsawan ani nettedder, f tiyita n ipulisen, ff anek seddawen ccedda d tawaɣit i win i dd-isan i tmurt-a, f ssiyyasa d tameḥyeft i gettwaṭṭfen win isɛan ani ttilin. Amennuɣ-nneɣ f usmuksi n lxalat d tibergazin d imeṭṭuḥen iwetmen i gennernayen-dd d tiwetmin, tiwetmin i gennernayen-dd d iwetmen, waha i d amennuɣ f umeḥyef d lferq i gellan gar win isɛan d win ul isɛan daɣit, sik imennuɣen-i ul tteddan ula fukul tict s iman-is : asmuksi n tibergazin d imeṭṭuḥen iwetmen i gennernayen-dd d tiwetmin, tiwetmin i gennernayen-dd d iwetmen trenna i lḥuj, lḥuj irenna i wayen i gettawin-dd usmeksi-nnha.
Neknim d Irrécupérables sik ul nettseggim ula imennuɣen-nneɣ seg ssafell i ssadda. Nettɛayyeṭ i useqdec n imennuɣen-nneɣ ani gettili, ulamma gar win i gterran iman-nsen tteddan did uripublik-enn. D wihi i geqqimen d iblaṭen asmi gxemm tanegrawt waṭṭan n sida zzeg-neɣ, netta ulac kra ul ixeddem i tanɣayt i yiman-is gar win i gettsemmin LGBT d imeẓẓyuna. Mazalɛad d nuhni i gsusmen zzat n ssiyyasa n idrimen d tawaɣit i win ul isɛan ula. D nuhni i gesseqdacen lalayisiti fukul dima i umeḥyef n inselmen amanek di ttɛawaden ayen ittuɣ xeddmen g luqt n listiɛmeṛ.
Neknim d Irrécupérables i taluft-nnun n ẓẓux bellik g ddunit-meṛṛa ssnuzgumen yiǧǧ d uripublik-nnun
Neknim d Irrécupérables, zzeg-neɣ taddukli, nettmaga s xiṛella zzeg-neɣ, lhan wulawen-nneɣ, ul nettmaga ula d ɛadi, ternu ul nettneḥcam ula siyyes-es
Neknim d Irrécupérables attḥa di neǧǧ awal abrid nniṭen i win i gmeṭlen amsawa
[1] Irrécupérables ay d lism i nextar f snat n sebbat. S tṛumit, amyag “récupérer” izmer d imeɛɛan asanef n tlufa g ssiyyasa amanek di d-isfayed zzeg-s : s anken nebɣa i nessefhem agami-nneɣ n usedqdec n iman-nneɣ. Irna, awal n “irrécupérable” isbedday kra illan n medden gacu asekcem g terbaɛt kra ullmanek : d at-nesseqdec amanek di nessefhem agami-nneɣ n leqwanen n iṛumiyen, n imerkanṭiyen d win i gtedderen amanek as-ɣɣaṛen g ixxamen d “ɛadi”, taɣetta win i greclen gar irgazen d lxalat.
Traduction : MB


text:
Aṭṭas n taynit i yemmewcen i Iburɣwaṭiyen, umi bnan i yexf-nnsen ijjen wudem-nniḍen i tɣilitin d ixarrisen. Ca zeg imrezuten qqaren x-asen ila ixarrisen-nnsen x-asen « tayyut ». Maca min illan d tidet, aqqa ixarrisen-nnsen msebḍan aṭṭas x jjiran i dasen-dd-yunuḍen.
Ca zeg imerzuten zeg umezruy ɛawed nnan-dd ila merra tiɣuriwin i yessiwlen x « Ayt Saleḥ », wer dd-wcin bu ca n temrarutin qadent x tidet n Iburɣwaṭiyen. Nitni ttuɣa ssawalen ḥa x wudem n ddin d tɣilin n wegdud-a d tedyulujit-nnsen d tebridt-nnsen tabarrant (lmeḍheb lxariji).
Yettɣima wawal ila Iburɣwaṭiyen zi tɣermiwin timeqqranin i ibeddent deg wudem n iḥewwasen.
Iburɣwaṭiyen.. D taɣerma wer nessin mani tella ?
Min nessen ila amezruy n tmurt n Iburɣwaṭiyen wer t-ssɣurin deg yidlisen n umezruy. S uya, aṭṭas n imeḥḍaren d Imaziɣen wer ssinen ca aṭṭas x Iburɣwaṭiyen.
Di lqern wis tnayen ahijri ad tban ddewla n Iburɣwaṭiyen. Ittsemma wami ttuɣa ḥekkmen Imawiyen di ccerq. Ijjen ameknaw Jarir Ṭuburi, yeqqar ila qa Imaziɣen Iburɣwaṭiyen ɣewwɣen di lɛahed n Hicam Ben Ɛebdelmalik.
Ṭuburi yerni yettfessel di manaya, iqqar wami ruḥen ca n Imaziɣen ɣer Dimaceq bac ad mmelqan Lxalifa (Ajellid) ; minzi ttuɣa yuẓa ɣer-sen Lwali n Lmeɣrib « Ɛubayed Llah Bnu Lḥebḥab ». Minzi ila ittegg x-asen ddenf, ijemmeɛ ddaribat bla lqanun d ccerɛ, ittḥarrec x temɣarin.
Agraw n Imaziɣen, ila yella x uzellif-nnsen ijjen qqaren-as « Maysara Lmṭeɣri » aked Ṭarif Ben Malek. Ameqqran n tqebbal n Iburɣwaṭiyen.
Amsagar-nni yefcel, dewlen-dd d nitni ɛessben, wer dasen-iɛjib bu lḥal. Xenni Imaziɣen ruḥen aked tebridt tabarrant (lmedheb Lxariji). Yettwassnen s uɣewweɣ-nnes i yettagin x ddenf itteggen Imawiyen, da i tebda tagrawla x Imawiyen Aɛɛraben.
Imaziɣen xḍaren Maysara Lmṭeɣri bac ad yili d amɣar kunṭra i Waɛraben, xenni ireẓa-ten deg waṭṭas n iraqqen, ula kṭer deg umenɣari umi qqaren « Lacraf » aseggas n 740. D aya i yeqqar Iben Latir deg udlis-nnes « Lakmil fi ttarix ».
Danita yeqqar umrezu Ameɣrabi Ɛutman Suḥban ila zegga Imaziɣen ɣelben aɛraben, Imaziɣen msebḍan jar-asen wami immut Maysara. Danita, Ṭarif idwel ɣer tmurt-nnes, ɣer Tamessna (Jar yeɣzer Buregrag d yeɣzer Mmerbiɛ).
Ṭarif ad yegg ddewla-nnes Taburɣwaṭit. Maca zegga ɣa yemmet, mmi-s Saleḥ Ben Ṭarif d netta i ɣa iḥekmen. Iwweḍ ad yeḥkem x waṭṭas n tmura i x-as dd-yunuḍen, ar mani tedwel Tabureɣwaṭa zi ddulat iqesḥen qqaɛ di jjihet-nni ca n tlata n leqrun.
Nzemmer a nini ila Iburɣwaṭiyen wer tedwil d ddewla nican ar mani i tt-ttuɣa aked Saleḥ Ben Ṭarif, zegga i dasen-inna i Imaziɣen ila netta d nnbi, ibda igga-asen ijjen ddin d jjdid i nitni s Tmaziɣt.
Lbekri d Iben Ɛudara, qqaren ila Ṭarif d mmi-s Saleḥ d udayen. Ca nniḍen ameknaw Ben Xeldun qqaren x-asen aqqa d imselmen. Mamec din ɛawed wi yettraḥen igg°ej qqaɛ ar mani i nnan ila Ṭarif zeg yinni iḥewwsen tamurt n Wandalusen deg useggas n 710, semman qaɛ tagzirt n « Ṭarifa » s yisem-ines.
Aya immal-dd ila Iburɣwaṭiyen smunen tiqebbal n Imesmuḍen, Iznaten d Iẓnagen aked tqebbal-nniḍen. Zeg useggas n 740, iggur ad ssersen ddsas amezwaru n ddewla-nnsen, ar mani x-as mseḍfaren ḥekkmen-tt tarwa n Ṭarif, ar mani tedwel d ijjen ddewla tbedd s ixef-nnes.
Taɣerma n Iburɣwaṭen
Zegga immut Saleḥ Ben Ṭarif, iḥekm mmi-s Ilyas, i yeṭṭfen deg wawal n baba-s, ijja tabridt tabarrant d ijjen wufur, ḥuma wer x-as ttsugen jjiran-nnes i ttuɣa yellan d Isunniyen.
Maca awerni i ɣa yemmet Ilyas, danita, ad ibedd lweqt n usbeddi n ddewla, ad bdan di lweqt n tɣerma d lebni ula kṭer di lɛahed n Yunes mmi-s n Ilyas.
Aṭṭas n tmeslayin i daneɣ-iqqaren ila aqqa lweqt i ttuɣa i di iḥkem Yunes, d lweqt n taqsuḥi, minzi di twalat tamezwarut ad dd-mmlen tabridt-nnsen i ttuɣa snuffuren lejdud-nnsen. Minzi Ayt Saleḥ, ttuɣa ttɛicen jar Isunniyen waha.
Tameslayt tis snat, ibda isrusa tabridt-nnes s bezzez x jjiran-nnes i ɣer-s d-yudsen. Igga ijjen taḍa (alliance) d tameqqrant ismun dag-s xirebbi n Imesmuḍen d Ibureɣwaṭiyen.
Di lɛahed-a wwḍen ad saqaren ijjen ljic, ttuɣa ittakk°aḍ ar 12 n walef n wemnay, wwḍen ad ssersen tabridt-nnsen d tneddam d ledcur di Tamessna d tneddam i dasen-yunuḍen.
Yunes iḥkem ca n rebɛa urebɛin useggas, Ayt Saleḥ wer ten-ttuɣi ca bellɛen x yixef-nnsen, maca nitni msawaḍen aked timura-nniḍen am Idrisiyen, lḥukkam n Sijelmassa, d imezdaɣ n sseḥra d Imawiyen deg Wandalus, ggin akid-sen tasebbabt d tdiplumasit.
Merra manaya issemɣer deg Iburɣwaṭiyen ar mani wwḍent tineddam-nnsen ca n rebɛin n tneddam. Ma ledcur, nnumru-nnsen ila wer ittnḥeddi.
Tafellaḥt tɛawen aṭṭas Iburɣwaṭiyen ḥuma ad bedden x yiḍaren-nnsen, minzi tamurt-nnsen dag-s iɣezran n waman imeqqranen d imeẓẓyanen. Mamec ɣer-s timura n tfellaḥt s waṭṭs.
Aked tafellaḥt ila ɣer-sen ula d tayemra n iselman, rni x-as tasebbabt i ttuɣa ssnen a tt-ggen.
Xmi ɣa immet Ilyas Ben Saleḥ leḥkam ad immuti ɣer ijjen lwacun-nniḍen, imussnawen n umezruy wer fhimen ca mayemmi. Imken wer din wi ɣa iwerten Ilyas Ben Saleḥ.
Iḥkem Bu Ɛufir d mmi-s Bu Lansar Ɛebdellah d Bu Mensur Ɛisa, din i temmerni taqsuḥi n Bureɣwaṭa, mmernin imenɣan-nnsen, bdan jjiran-nnsen ttweqqren-ten kṭer ukṭer.
Waxxa Iburɣwaṭiyen ttuɣa ssnen ijjen tyumi d tameqqrant, maca waxxa amenni ccin aṭṭas n teyyita. Iɛdawen-nnsen wer ten-ɣliben ar mani d-usin Imrabḍen d Imuwaḥiddiyen.
Maca min isfarrazen Iburɣwaṭiyen di min iqqnen ɣer ddin ? D aya i ɣa nessen deg wezgen-nniḍen


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Ij n lxariṭa n Nasa temmal‑dd leɣwabi yerɣin deg umaḍal.
Kter zi simana zeg wami ttmenɣan bumbirut deg waṭṭas n tmura aked tmessi di leɣwabi. Agrik, d Tturk tiweḍ al mani telseq di tudrin, tenɣa yewdan tessexla‑ten zi tudrin. ɛad ɣer nhar‑a wer iwiḍen a das ggen lḥedd i tmessi.
Timessi ttraḥ ɣir min tmerni, aṭṭas n tmura nneɣni cemmḍent deg‑sent leɣwabi, zeg‑sent Arrusya, Aṭalyan, leqbayel, Amarikan, Amarikan n wadday d lwest n Wafrika!
Fuṭu: Tolga Adanali/imago images / Agrik, Tturk
Lxariṭa n Nasa temmal‑dd mani terɣa qaɛ tmessi
Ij n lxariṭa n Nasa s usatilit, tsewwer‑dd di lweqt d ict imukan yerɣin, lxariṭae umi semman « Fire Information for Resource Management System » (FIRMS), tettwag i yewdan marra a ɣer‑s adfen ad tẓern
Man imukan yeɣin aṭṭas ?
Ɣer tseɛɛetta, Afrika rɣint deg‑s aṭṭas n leɣwabi, Angola tecca tikti temɣer, Kongu ɛawed amenni. Wadday n Umarikan, nettwala Brazil i di terɣa tmessi aṭṭas qaɛ, Miksiku ɛawed amenni. Urupa d Asya, timura i walan lebḥer acemlal deɛqent ɛlaḥal marra, TTurk, Agrik, Aṭalyan
- Timura n Imaziɣen, nettaf leqbayel (tizi wezzu) d waṭṭas n imukan di Ddzayer. Tunes, Libya, d leḥdada n lmeɣrib x Ddzayer, ɛad d tudimin mragʷajent, zemmern a x‑asent qḍan bumbirut qbel ma ad temmerni.
Mamek tewqaɛ lami anict uya n tmessi qaɛ?
Imussnawen tsemman timura dd‑yunḍen i lebḥar acemlal « Hotspot n ubeddel n uklima ».
Kṭar zi 13500 n imussnawen zi 150 n tmura, ggin alarm:
Abeddel n uklima s CO2 igeɛɛden di lhawa, yeggur s tmurt ɣer ij n uneqleb d aɛeffan. Mala isiɣi ccɣel ammu, a nẓer min umi wer neɛqil ɛemmers. Neẓra lɛerbun deg Uruppa cehar yeɛdun, ssefyen deg‑s iɣeẓran deg unebdu, lexxu qa nẓerr lɛerbun n tmessi i ɣa yernin ad tesgaɛɛed CO2 ɛad di lhawa. Manayenni ɣa yessiḥman tamurt ɛad kṭar.
Ɣer ɛawed: Mamec ɣa yegg kul ijj zzag-neɣ ad isbedd abeddel n uklima?


text:
Umi yeɛda tlata n iseggusa x raxaret Ɛimad Lɛattabi, Irifyen n Uruppa ggin tnayen n wufuɣen sseḥḍaren-dd dag-sen buḥbel n Ɛimad, ig yemmuten ass n 20 yulyu 2017, s tqarṭast deg uzellif, wami x-as ikka ca n wussan di spiṭar uca yemmut.
Abeddi amezwaru yexreq deg Umsterdam di Tmura yudaren (Hulanda), mani ffɣen imeɣnas n tmesmunt umi qqaren (NAR) d tamunt umi qqaren (Tagrawt n Irifyen n Uruppa).
Deg ubeddi n Umsterdam, wcin awar s yisem n tmesmunin-a tina, tuɣa dinni ijjen usemɣar zi Ɛimad s nnewwac ɣar tewlaft-nnes, amen dinni sinyan yinni yeḥḍaren deg ijjen ddeftar n wureɣ amec i das-semman.
Abeddi-a mani isɣuyyen ila Ɛimad yettwaneɣ war yelli yemmut waha, mamec yerni amɣar n NAR yenna balli ccahed x tgazzart n Ɛimad s tqarṭast ass-nni, wcin-as 10 n iseggusa deg webniq, d aḥudri-nni umi qqaren Ɛebdlḥeq Lfaḥsi netta zi Benṭayyeb.
Abeddi wis tnayen ixreq di temdint n Antwerpen di tmurt n Biljik, abeddi- ya tegg-itt tenni umi qqaren tamezdayt n ḥirak. Abeddi-ya usin-dd ɣer-s aṭṭas n imeɣnas n lḥirak n Arrif ig i ittɛicen di Tmura n Uruppa.
Ufuɣ-a wanita i di tuɣa wcin awar tamezdayt n lḥirak di tmurt n Biljik, mani isɣuyyen s yiseml n Ɛimad Lɛettabi belli yammut s tqarṭast wadji yemmut waha amen yettwanna zi jjihet n ddewla n Lmuɣrib di tsaɛɛet-nni.


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Yessufeɣ-d umeɣnuj Arifi Ɛali Ajwaw ijjen uvidyu-klip yegga-as i yisem « Ih ya Nnaḍur ». Ad yili d ijjen tmerniwt tecna i arripirṭwar n uɣennij Arifi. Aɣennij-a wanita issawal x twengimin i yeksi umeɣnuj x Nnaḍur d ledcur-nnes d imukan i dag-s. Ixedm-it s ijjen tebridt tecna s waṭṭas. Abidyu-klip-a ittwaffeɣ-d di Fransa issufeɣ-it-id Ɛebdelmalik Bufarit.
A neqqim di Fransa, artista Arifi Jawad Ttanuti, la d netta issufeɣ-d ijjen uɣennij. Issers-it di YouTube iḍennaḍ n 17 zi Yennayer. Aɣennij-a la d netta issawal uḥuyyez-nneɣ i temẓi d ussan i yeɛdan. Jawad Yenna « Merra idneɣ dag-neɣ ijjen uɣezdis n tnusṭaljit, hiwa awi-d ad t-nɣennej… »


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Urilyus Uguṣṭinus
Ugustan n hipun niɣd s talatinit (Aurelius Augustinus ) niɣd s tafransist (Saint Augustin ). Iga yan ɣ ifulusfn imaziɣ iɣatarn. ilul ɣ tama n taɣast ɣ tamzɣa (ɣil suq ahras ɣ tamurt n Dzyr) as n 13 novembre 354 s asggas amaziɣ as nwis 31 ktubr 1304 ittumḍal ɣ 28 ɣuct 430 ɣ Hipun (ɣil Eannaba ɣ Dzayr). Ayt dars gan kullu imaziɣn mac ar ttinin masd ibbas itfr irumiyn niɣd (Afrikkic arumi), innas uhu (Tafrikkict ilillin). Ar ittara s talati nit ig yan ɣ Kkuẓ iɣatarn n tmzgida Tarumit ɣ ussan ns imzwura. Iɣatarn ad lli igan Agrram arumi s tafransist (Saint ) Ugustan, Agrram Umbrwas , Agrram Jirum s tafransist (Saint Jérôme ), Agrram Grigwar amzwaru s tafransist (Grégoire Ier ) d 33 ṭalb n tmzgida tarumit. Ikatulikiyn ar bdda skarn tafuɣla n tamṭṭalt ns graygat as n 28 ɣuct (15 ɣuct amaziɣ). Ait uɣtuduks nttnin aras skar n tafuɣla as n 15 yulyu (2 ɣuct amaziɣ).


text:
msalamVB [msalam]
se saluer en s'embrassant
Flexions msalammsalamen ttemsalamet ittemsalam ttemsalamen temsalameḍ temsalamem imsalamen tettemsalameḍ tettemsalamem ittemsalamen msalamemt temsalam msalament ttemsalamemt tettemsalam ttemsalament msalam yemsalam temsalamemt ttemsalam yettemsalam tettemsalamemt msalameɣ nemsalam yemsalamen ttemsalameɣ nettemsalam yettemsalamen msalamet imsalam
Sources msalam
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982
Phrases avec le mot msalam
Awal aneggaru, nniɣ-as-t i baba mi nemsalam deg wefrag : - Garaɣ akka snat ledwar ad d-uɣaleɣ ma yebɣa Rebbi !
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]
Ikna ɣur-s Wecrif, msalamen, qimen akken myettnawen, ur illa wawal .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]


text:
Azgen ameqqran zi tḥennatin-nneɣ ttuɣa carḍent tiggaz x wudmawen-nnsent, iḍaren, fus d yidmaren-nnsent. Tiggaz d tiggezt di tungimt n waydud Amaziɣ di Tmazɣa. Urid d Imaziɣen waha ig iggin tiggaz maca aṭṭas n wayduden deg umaḍal, ttuɣa cerrḍen tiggaz di arrimet-nnsen.
Tnayen n tmeslayin i zi ttuɣa zemmren ad cerḍen tiggezt, tteggen-tt s tilemt n thendiyt niɣ s yiɣeḍ. Tettɣima tḥudrit, tili ttunuḍent-as tiqrinin-nnes d temɣarin nniḍen ig issnent ad cerḍent. Xezzrent mamec ittraḥ wecraḍ-nni. Xmi ɣa tsala, akid-s dɛant s sseɛd d labarka.
S ijjen taynit d tameqqrant i zi tcerreḍ temɣart x wudem n tḥudriyt. Ca zzag-sent sxeddament lefḥem aberkan. Zi senni snuqqubent s tsineft tamcant mani ɣa tili tiggezt ar zzag-s i dd ɣa ffɣen idammen. Uca ttḥekkan x-as iɣed, tilemt-nni n tahendiyt. Ttejjant cwayt n lweqt, ttruccant x-as aman amellaḥ aked ca n lɛucub. Awerni ijjen imalas, agezzim-nni ad iggenfa, uca tettban-d tiggezt-nni niɣ d arsem-nni.
Arrimet d talwiḥt n ugama
Tiggaz i ttuɣa tteggent Tmaziɣin i yeqqen ɣer ca n tmeslayin i yellan deg ugama. Axmi da arrimet-nnsent d ijjen cwayt zeg ugama. Di zzman urid Timɣarin waha i ttuɣa itteggen tiggaz. La d irgazen ttuɣa cerrḍen ixef-nnsen. Ttuɣa tiqdimin ttkettarent zi tiggaz, maca aked lweqt sneqqasent zzag-s ar mani idwel udem n tmeṭṭut Tmaziɣt wer ikessi ula ijjen tiggezt x wudem. Sarah Corbit, icten trezzu di tussna n Tmaziɣt, tenna belli Timaziɣin tiqdimin ttuɣa cerrḍent ca n imudar x wudem. Kul amuder ittili ɣer-s unamek.
Teqqar ila tasejjart txes ad tini taqsuḥi, artila d arraw. Tfiɣra nettat d agenfi zeg waṭṭanen. Tizit d Tzizwit d tmeslayin i wer nzemmer a nxayel. D tnayen ifilan isedden d lxir d lɣir ig illan ttwaẓẓun di bnadem. Teqqar ijjen Trifiyt, illa tiggaz netta ɛawed izemmer ad isferrez tameslemt x tudayt.
Tiggezt d umsemlac
Tameslayt tamezwarut i zi ttwaggen tiggaz xminni nferrez jar timɣarin ig imelken d tiɛzryin. Tamɣart xminni i yeggur ad temlek, tecerreḍ tiggezt maḥend ad tini i jjmaɛet belli aqqa-tt x yiri n wergaz. Awerni lemlak-nnes, tamɣart awerni i lemlak tzemmer ad terni tiggaz nniḍen. Mala treceq-as-tt niɣ mala yenna-as-tt wergaz-nnes. Di Arrif, tuɣa tamɣart zzat ma ad temlec, xminni tili yalleh tebleɣ, tcerreḍ tiggezt maḥend ad tini ila nettat aqqa-t tujed i lemlac.
Kter zi manaya, di ca n jjwayeh nniḍen ɣer Imaziɣen nettaf tamɣart tajjalt. Tenn umi immut wergaz, tcerreḍ udem-nnes amen ikmel. Am ijjen tmart niɣ d aɛecmir. Maḥend ad tini belli nettat aqqa-tt din ḥuma ad as-teṭṭef amkan i wargaz-nnes ig immuten.
Di tqebbal n Iɛezzaben ɛawed, zi tiggezt ttuɣa nettsen man taqbilt i ɣer tettnḥaza ca n temɣart. Ca n tqebbal nniḍen d Timaziɣin qqarent-as i tiggezt « aḥejjam ». Ddab-a n tiggezt tteggent i ugenfi. Ula d irgazen cerrḍent s ca n uxedmi deg ufus-nnsen, ittsemma di ca n imukan wer d-ttbinen.
Ca zeg imerzuten qqaren umi i d-banen ixwanjiyen, iraren ijjen tilalt d tameqqrant ḥma tiggaz ad ttwaseffḍent zeg wudem n temɣarin d yergazen. Bennan aya x ca n tmenna n arrasul. S uya aṭṭas zi temɣarin min ɣer yella wagla, ruḥen kksent tiggaz-nnsent. Ma tinni nniḍen, ugint ad jjent yessistsent ad carḍent tiggaz.
Lux, iḥudriyen di tneddam ula kṭer bdan tteɛqaben ɣer tiggaz n Imaziɣen ḥuma ad tent-cerḍen di arrimet-nnsen maca s ijjen tebridt d tamaynut.


text:
« Nga sin n yiqrasen s yifexsayen ay yessawḍen ɣer tɣuzi n uṭranci d udmer n usekfel. S uqras wis kraḍ, nessaweḍ, ass n ukras, ad d-nessekfel 1000 n yiṭunen n uzara n wuzzal », ɣef wakken ay d-yenna Mass Belhadj, ay d-yernan dakken timhal n tussfa niḍen d ugaren aṭas tanecta-a.
« Nezmer ad naweḍ ɣer gar 20.000 d 25.000 n yiṭunen ayyur ay d-itteddun, yernu tezmer ad taweḍ ɣer wazal n 100.000 n yiṭunen i wayyur seg-a ɣer tgara n useggas », ɣef wakken ay d-iwekked.
Deg takkayt-a tanermit, « azgen seg izara n wuzzal d-yettwassfen ad t-awin ɣer Wehṛan anda ara yettwassiǧew ɣer Ccinwa d Rrus », ɣef wakken ay d-yenna.
Azgen niḍen ad t-awin ɣer tneɣraf n wuzzal d unfed yellan deg Zzayer, ɣef wakken ay d-yerna umasay-a.
Asenfar-a d win ara iḍemnen yernu ad yesɣelles asigeẓ n tneɣraf tiɣelnawin n yimɣuzen (Lḥeǧǧaṛ, Tosyali, AQS, atg.) s tenga tanusemt yernu ad yernu amaduf n tmurt yexḍan timerɣa, am wakken ara yeḍmen 3000 n temras.


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Tamasiḥit
Tamasiḥit d ajjed iy deg ttamnen medden belli Ṛebbi d yiwen, iṣubb ɣer medden s wedmaw n bnadem: Ɛisa. Imasiḥen (Imettumsen) ttamnen belli Ɛisa ur yesɛi ara baba-s : ilul ala seg yiwet n tmeṭṭut (Meryem) s tezmert n Rebbi. Imasiḥen ttamnen belli Ɛisa d lmasiḥ ay ad isellken Udayen u ad yexelq tamurt n Israyil tameqqrant, ɣas akken ur yexdim ara akk tiɣawsiwin agi, nutni ttamnen belli a d-yuɣal tikkelt nniḍen akken ad tt-yexdem.
Imasiḥen umnen di Adlis Uɣris (iqedsen) neɣ Abenǧil (Inǧil), ayen isɛan tira s tɛebrit d tira s Tegrigt.
Tisuqilin n Yinjil ɣer tutlayt TamaziɣtẒreg
Ttwagent (ttwaxedment) aṭas n tsuqilin n Yinjil s tutlayt Tamaziɣt, s tintaliwin am Tamaziɣt Tarifit, Tamaziɣt Tacelḥit, d Tamaziɣt Taqbaylit.
Tasuqilt n Yinjil s Tmaziɣt Taqbaylit tella da:
Injil s Tefṛansist - Tamaziɣt Taqbaylit.
Llant tsuqilin Timaziɣin n:
- Arkawal Azayku (Ancien Testament).
- Arkawal Amaynu (Nouveau Testament).
- Izlan n Dawud (Psalms)...
Umuɣ n tsuqilin Timaziɣin n Yinjil: Arkawal Azayku d Warkawal AmaynuẒreg
- Arkawal Amaynu (Nouveau Testament) s Tmaziɣt Taqbaylit
- Arkawal Azayku (Ancien Testament) s Tmaziɣt Tarifit, neɣ da
- Arkawal Amaynu (Nouveau Testament), s usekkil Alatin neɣ da, d s usekkil n Tifinaɣ, d s usekkil Aɛrab
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text:
TAMURT TAQVAYLIT (SIWEL) — Cafiq Mǧahed, mmi-s unaẓur ameqqran Mǧahed Ḥamid, yettidir deg yir tagnit di lḥevs n El Ḥerrac, d ass wis 37 i d-yewwi mebla učči, sebba ɣef tiktiyin-ines mgal adavu amhersan. Tazmert-is d tin ur nsefraḥ ara seg wass ɣer wayeḍ. Imestanen d twacult-is, ɣas tteeraḍen akken ad sḥevsen aneḥvus ɣef wučči akken ur d-ttuɣal ara twaɣit i as-yeḍran i Kamal Ddin Fexxar.
Cafiq Mǧahed am yimeḥvas iqvayliyen, uḥwajen ad nili ɣer yidis-nsen deg wannar akken ad ten-d-nekkes gar tuccar udavu amesbaṭli, akken daɣen ilaq ad ilint tigawin s-way-s ara d-nsellek imeɣnasen yellan deg lḥevs di lbaṭel.
SIWEL 152218 JUI 21


text:
Degmi i ak-qqaren : “ddunit teddewwir, tettneqlab am teḥbult n uɣrum”. Waqil dɣa d tidet! Zik, win yekkren ɣer wayeḍ ad as-yini : “Welleh ma teswiḍ tibselt”. Deg ssuq ass-a, welleh ma tzemreḍ ad t-twaliḍ neɣ ad t-tqerrbeḍ. Yuɣal d Si lebsel! Ilaq ad tiliḍ d Si Flan iwakken ad d-tegluḍ yes-s s axxam. Ɛecralaf i lkilu! D lewhayem! Mačči d lebsel i aɣ-d-yecqan da. D ssebba kan i as-d-nufa iwakken ad yili wayen iɣef ara d-nemmeslay. Taggara-ya, ɣlayet lxeḍra, ɣlayet lfakya. Yeɛni tecɛel tmes deg sselɛa akk, yenza wulac. Ulac akk ayen i irexsen. Ayen tennuleḍ, ad k-id-yennal. Ah! Surfem-iyi, ttuɣ : anagar irgazen i irexsen. Mazal kan cwiṭ, ad teslem ula d nutni ttnuzun deg leswaq. A wi yeẓran anisa i aɣ-d-tekka teɣrit? A wi yeẓran s anda i tleḥḥu?
Iban d nekni. Tekka-d seg-neɣ. Nettwet s yifassen-nneɣ. Yernu mazal nendel allen-nneɣ, nɛemmed i wayen i la iḍerrun yid-neɣ. Amek?!
Tamezwarut n tmezwura, amur amaqqran deg yilemẓiyen-nneɣ xeddmen akk, ɣer Mesyu ‘‘QQIM’’. Ttwaxlasen akken yeqwem : s tɣimit, s wulac, iban lḥal! Tanekra seg yiḍes ɣef ttnasfa n wass, tuɣal normale. Deg leqhawi, ur tettafeḍ ara amkan. D imazzagen (spécialistes) akk n ddiminu akked lkarṭa. Ṭṭlam yeɣli-d ɣef wallen, tamart, acebbub, iberdan qeflen, tiwwura sekrent, idrimen ulac, … Awer ẓren s anda tleḥḥu. Ufan-as abrid i usmiddeɛ : ulac lxedma. Tenger ddunit. Ma d tiferkiwin n ddin n baba-tsen qqiment akken d lbur. Tuɣal-asen tfellaḥt d lɛib. Ala! Ma ulac ad amsen yifassen-nsen, dderya n Sasa. Dɣa iruḥ-asen kullec. Teḍra-yasen am wid akken ur neṭṭif deg Rebbi, ur nferreǧ iḍebbalen, neɣ am win akken ur neṭṭiḍ bubbu, ur neṭṭir deg Uqbu. Lemliḥ deg-sen, d win ara ixedmen ayyur ad yeqqim rebɛa neɣ xemsa. Deg lweqt-a, akken ad tuɣaleḍ d argaz, ad tizmireḍ i yiman-ik, laqen-k ma ulac 35 ar 40 n yiseggasen. Cwi kan llan yimawlan. Maca ḥeslen deg wayen i d-urwen. Meɛna ahat bezzaf llum fell-asen. I nutni bɣan-tt akken zeɛma? Teffeɣ fell-asen? D tamɛict n waydi. Wissen!
Tis snat, d nekni i as-iɛemmden armi truḥ ifer taberruyt. Acuɣer? Yenna Lewnis deg wawal-is : “win yebɣan ad tseggem, iseggem iman-is!”. D tidet!. Ammer nabɣa ad tbeddel fell-aneɣ, tili nbeddel-itt. Ar zemreɣ ad awen-ggalleɣ — ɣas ur yi-ttamnet ara, d akellex — ar tesɛin ɣef mya deg-neɣ, d wid i ixeddmen anagar lefsad deg tmurt-a. Yuɣal wayen yelhan ibeddel ssifa. Yecbeḥ, bnin mi yuɣal d ayen n dir. Takerḍa, ddɣel, tismin tisemmamin, … Ayen akk ur nelhi, nneɣ. Nessibnin tudert yes-s. Neqqar d adabu-nneɣ ay diri! D nekni ay d adabu. Yal yiwen deg-neɣ yettḍebbir, walukan ɣef yiman-is. Ihi, ur ilaq ara ad nekkat aɣyul ad neddaray tabarda. Tidet kan, win yewten iman-is s ufus-is, fiḥel ad yezwir ɣer yimeṭṭi.
Taneggarut, yernu d tin s i d-nufrar : d tidderɣelt. Γas akken ulac tin n dir i aɣ-izeglen, neqqar kan : “kullec igerrez”. Rray d ayla-nneɣ. Abrid ideg nleḥḥu, yessufuɣ, ɣas ɣer yiɣẓer. Ur nqebbel win ara aɣ-ineqden. Win iweɛɛan i gma-s, yessenger-it. Leɛyub n medden akk nwala-ten, anagar wid-nneɣ. Akka! D nekni ay d nekni. Yefka-yaɣ Rebbi iles d aɣzzfan, nerra-tt anagar i tmeslayt. Nhedder kan nrennu, armi aɣ-teɛreq ula d tutlayt-nneɣ. Nerra-tt imir-nni i usbernunnez s tid n medden. Leqraya, zeɛma neɣra! Surfem-iyi : ‘‘Nexxx…ra’’!!!!!. “Ulac deg-neɣ”, yenna Muḥya.
Tura, ad ilin deg-wen wid ara as-yinin : yehwa-yas kan. Lebsel yuɣal d asentel i tira. Nekk, ad asen-iniɣ : ur yi-d-yecqi lebsel, ur yi-tewqiɛ deg yilemẓiyen, texlu neɣ teɛmer. Aɣbel-iw, d tira. I yi-d-yecqan, d tira n tutlayt-nneɣ. Izen ay bɣiɣ ad awen-n-siwḍeɣ da, d tazmert i tla teqbaylit akken ad d-tini akk ayen ttidiren wid i tt-yettmeslayen. Meḥsub ayen nettidir, nettxemmim, nezmer ad t-id-naru, yernu s tutlayt-nneɣ. Nekk, uriɣ-d ɣef lebsel. Kunwi tzemrem ad d-tarum ɣef wayen i awen-yehwan. Tzemrem!. Bɣum kan!.
Ad teččem lebsel a Librobro.
{{Md U Remtane IGHIT}}
Aselmad deg tesdawit n Bgayet.


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@ipshel
Linux d ij n usistim n usexdem. am netta am Windows, iOS, Android d macOS. Asistim usexdem, netta d ijj n uprugram lxedmet ness: issawal ik macina, issewjad mimurya i ca n uprugram irezzu ad ibda lxedmet ness.
S min ifsussen: asistim usixdem netta illa d bab n taddart. netta (itkellafen) s marra min ḥdajen prugramat nneYni, d marra min iqerrben Yer macina.
Linux aqqa‑t mani ma di dunnect. nzemmer anini, bla Linux wer tilli ddunect mamec ttella rexo. Linux isxeddam marra 500 n supercomputer imezwura ijehden qaɛ. 25 n isiten imezwura di ddunect xeddmen s server n Linux. 96% zi melyun n server i yellan jehden, ssexdamen Linux. Tilifun ni Yarek deg ufus, dagess edssass s Linux.
Linux ibaned deg 1991 x ufus n Linus Torvalds. Awarn-as Netta d Richard Stallman smunen lxedmet nssen s tnayen ssufYend Linux/GNU deg 1992. Sminzi Linux wahdess niY GNU wahdess wallin ca d sistim usexdem. GNU tuYa ixess‑as min Yer‑s Yer Linux. Linux min Yer‑s Yer GNU. zeg lexdenni nitni munen. waxxa neqqar Linux waha. Maca qa nettat d Linux/GNU.
TasYart n Linux deg umihzwar n isistimen usexdem itt-waggen i Desktop niY Laptop. ttrah treni aseggas awarni usseggass. sminzi iwdan bdan ttessnen lemmliḥ i dag‑s di Linux. Linux netta batel. wer xaf‑s txellised walu. Wer yelli ca am Windows itehdajan « License ». Linux wer dagess tiffed la ivirussen, la « malware », wer itabluki, wer tteḥdijid ca kul simana ad tfurmatid.
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Linux d tilelli. Tirelli ness tussa‑dd zi tfilusufit n open source. lḥajet ittilin open source telli tcarrec aked yewdan marra. malla neksi Windows, ad t‑naf netta ibelleɛ. nzemmer ad t‑nessexdem waha. Wer nzemmer a nẓer lkud ness izi tid-saqqaren. wer nzemmer a dag‑s neɛdel mamec nxes neccin. Ɛawed wer nzemmer ad t‑nefssar aked ḥed nneYni.
Linux lla. tzemmared ad teẓred lkud i zi t‑xedmen. a dag‑s tbedled mamec texsed cek. Yer‑k lḥeqq ad zzag‑s tegged min texssed bla ma ad tug°ded zi hedd.
« Open source« ‑nni yejjit ad yili netta damezwaru di sikuriti. Minzi iwdan marra di dunniyt zemmaren ad ɛedlen Linux mamec xsen. manayani i yejjin iwdan tmunan mahend ad ɛedlen ifayuten i dag‑s deg usistim.
Tzemmared ad tessahwid Ubuntu i yellan d Linux. ad tessḥarqed di USB. ad zzag‑s txedmed:
Ubuntu: https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop
Mamec Yer tesḥarqed di USB: https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#2-requirements