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Isaac Newton
Newton sir Isaac ilul ass n 25 dujember 1642 di temdint Woolsthorpe (tamurt n Legliz), mi zrin sin wagguren ɣef tmettant n baba-s. Yemma-s Hannah teǧǧa-t i jidda-s ad t-id-tessker.
Newton ikfa taɣuri-ines tamezwarut di Trinity College n Grantham. Deg useggas 1661 ikcem ɣer tesdawit n Cambridge ikemmel taɣuri armi d aseggas 1665 ansa i d-iffeɣ s turagt (licence), aseggas-a i d-teḍra temsalt n tteteffaḥt is-d ildin allen ɣef ujebbud n tfekkiwin (attraction des corps).
Deg useggas 1667 Newton yuɣal d imekki di tesdawit Cambridge. Deg useggas 1666 isnulfa-d asiḍen (calcul). Deg useggas 1669 yuɣ amḍiq d aselmad n tusnakt di tesdawit n Cambridge. Newton yerra aṭas lmendad-is ar tiddit n tafat, deg useggas 1672 Newton yeɛreḍ ad d-yaf tifeɣt n ini (couleur) n tafat, inna-d: “Tafat d asmlili n iẓenẓaren n ini”.
Deg useggas 1686 isnulfa-d tilḥi (dynamique) s lsas n kraḍ ilugan n umussu:
- Amenzay amenzu: Tafekka ur tettmimiḍ ara neɣ amussu-ines ur ittbeddil ara (tazzla-ines), ma illa azal n tmernit n imsedda (somme véctorielle) n tezmert i tt-yeɛnan d ilem.
- Amenzay wis-sin : Lsas n tilḥi
Newton, iqqen timzizzelt (accéleration) n tfekka ɣer tezmert i tt-yeɛnan: F=ma
F : tazmert (N) m : tazsit n tfekka (kg) a: timzizzelt m/s2
- Amenzay wis-kraḍ: Tigawt d tesdmert (action-réaction)
Ma illa tafekka 1 tedemmir tafekka nniḍen 2 s tezmert f1,2, ihi, tafekka tis-snat tettara-d I tfekka 1 tazmert f2,1: f1/2+f2/1=0
Newton iddem-d ilugan-a iseqdec-iten ɣer wid n Kepler, sway i d-yufa: kra n tfekka illan di tallunt (espace) neɣ deg umḍal, tettaɣ-itt tazmert i wumi semman aselmem (gravité).Yura daɣen Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica deg useggas n 1687. Ilmend n wayen iqdec d wayen i d-ifka, isem-is yuɣ aferdis (unité) n tezmert (N).


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S tmeccarcut jar Tmesmunt n Taziri (Tsaft) d tmesmunt n umeẓẓyan i umezgun di Nnaḍur. Tettwagg ij n tmezgunt qqaren-as « awal n llilet » deg ussan-a i yeedan di Taddart n Iḥudriyen di Qasita. Amsagar-a i tegga Taziri, d amsagar amezwaru yettwaggen di jjihet-a zegga wcin ttesriḥ i ixxamen-a n tussna awerni i Kuruna.
Tamezgunt-a i yirar Yasin Buqrab d Ԑebdellah Anas, tettirar x tnayen n yiwdan di llilet n ukrismas, ssensen nitni ttmenɣan, ttemseysin jar-asen, maca jjwar-nnsen i izeddɣen s-nnej nnsen ttuɣa ceṭṭḥen, ḍeḥḥken. Bnadem amezwaru ad iɣres merra tiwriqin i di ttuɣa ixes ad ibda tira-nnes eecra iseggsa zi mani. Ma wenni wis tnayen la d netta ad icarregg merra ttmenyat-nnes i yeyru di lxedmet n eecra iseggusa. Deg umeggaru, bnadem-a wis tnayen ixes ad ineɣ ixef-nnes maca wer iwwiḍ.
Aḍris-a i dd-yeksi Ԑebdellah Anas zeg umari Sławomir Mrożek umi yegga netta « imetlae ». Ieawed dag-s x lweqt n umenɣi asemmaḍ (Cold war) x ijjen tnayen n yiwdan am yenni n « Godot » maca di tidet, tettekk x-asen nican. Nitni usin-d zi tmurt d icten, ɣer-sen passapurti-nnsen, urid d imetlae nqeḍwen zzag-sen iseɣwan, maca waxxa amenni kul ijjen zzag-sen man-t amaḍal i di yetteic. Ijjen yeɣra, issen maca yeqḍee layas. Wenniḍen d axeddam, irezzu ad yerber maḥnd ad yedwel ɣer tmurt-nnes ad ibna ijjen taddart i lwacun-nnes. Nitni d ijjen tnayen n imenneeraq, i yetleen s bezzez zi tmurt-nnsen, rezzun x laman, ttexsen ad jemeen ttmenyat.
Tamezgunt-a tettirar deg ij n lakab s wadday. Jer n midden i yellan s nnej ḍeḥḥlen d inni i yellan s wadday tettekk x-asen tezli.
Aḍris-a amek nenna, yeksi-t-id Ԑebdellah Anas zeg weḍrid n Sławomir Mrożek, asufeɣ n Yasin Buqrab. Isegbaren nitni d Ԑebdellah Anas d Yasin Buqrab. Sinugrafiya n Yasin Buqrab, ddikur n Saeid Qadiri, arruḍ n Asma Aderɣal. Tfawt d tmuzikt n Ԑebdellah Ԑeddwi. Asays n Muḥemmed Lamin Welqaḍi. Aksiswar n ilyas Buzeggu, amawas atikni : Zakariya Bu Lqasim. Asugur n ufares d Muḥemmed Aderɣal.

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Tiṣabunin
Tiṣabunin (Isem usnan: Phlomis crinita) d talmest n yemɣi seg twacult n temsefranin. Antonio José Cavanilles (fr) d amdan amezwaru i yuran fell-as.
Ismawen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Isem-is s latinit: Phlomis crinita
- Isem-is s tefransist: Sauge de Jérusalem
- Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit:
- Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt:
Isseqdac[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tiwelhiwin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ 'Imɣan n Tensawt - Plantes de Kabylie ' - Saïd Zidat - Editions Innexsys, Luxembourg, Avril 2016 ISBN 978-99959-0-205-6 www.imghantensawt.lu


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Yettwaṭṭef Brahim Buxizzu, ijjen zeg wudmawen yettwassnen di jjihet n Ayt Uriccec, d ameɣnas ixeddmen aked tmesmunt n Buya d temsmunt n iwermswuriyen. Zegga ttuYa iraḥ ad isseqsa x ij n uneYmis wami i d-usin ca n ipulisyen Yer ijjen taddart. Brahim, amec nnant tmesmunin, wer yeggi Yir lḥeqq-nnes. Minzi d netta d asuḥufi deg usit n « Nadorpresse.com ».
Zeg uYezdis-nnes, tamesmunt n Buya; Tegg-dd ij n usiweḍ tetter zzag-s, ad as-snufslen i Buxizzu.
La d amssu adelsan AmaziY araq n Qaḍi Qeddur. Yenna-dd belli Brahim netta « bari » zi merra min « das Ya slesqen ». Tamezdayt n Ddriwec n Ayt bab iselkinen iwermsuwriyen nnan-d belli ttagin x « tekmamt i yetteggen i yqemumen » mamec i dd-nnan ila iggur ad ggen ibedditen i zi Ya ttren tilelli i Brahim Buxizzu.


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Tamazirt n Dzayr tga tamazirt nna akk imqqurn ɣ timizar tigrakalin s tajumma nns, tga tamazirt tis-snat imqqurn ɣ tmizar n umnẓaw n Tafriqt, teṭṭaf tamazirt n Dzayr ɣ tsga n iffus ayda imqqurn n tnzruft ism nns Sehra.
Tarakalt tadeblantsnfl
Tbḍa tamazirt n Dzayr f 58 n twilayin, kraygat tawilayt teṭṭaf agraw aɣrfan f ixf nns lwali. Kraygat tawilayt tbḍa f asunen, kraygat asun ibḍa f tɣiwanin. Tikklt tamggarut ɣ tettwabḍa gis tamazirt n Dzayr tga ɣ useggas n 2019.
Tamendawt n Dzayr n useggas 1963
Tbḍa tamazirt f 48 n twilayin:


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Zegga ggiɣ ad ariɣ x ufilm n ADÚ ca n tira n ukritik, ad tent‑bniɣ x min yeqqnen ɣer tmeslayin n yellan n sini. Maca wer zemmarɣ, minzi ttaciɣ axmi xaf‑i yeɣleb aṭṭas di min yeqqnen ɣer tyacit, d uswingem,d undemmi x mamec ttuɣa ttwaliɣ timslayin deg ijjen wakud. Lxeẓrat taneqsit ɣer « ibarcanen n gurgu, melmi i tt‑kseɣ, selḥeɣ aked yixef‑inu d tewdanit‑inu. Maca jer‑ayi‑dd akd yixef‑inu, ttuɣa ixess‑ayi ij n umellex d amẓwar, ttuɣa ixess‑ayi ad mmenɣeɣ akd ixf‑inu, ɛad kid‑s ɣa selḥeɣ.
‑ADÚ ɣer‑s 6 n iseggusa, yixs ad yeffeɣ netta d weltmas zi Kamirun, ad raḥen ɣer babat‑sen ɣer Uruppa. Ad kken zi Mlilt.
‑Gonzalo d Aseppanyu yedder di Sinigal, yeksi s wemnus i lfilat d qaɛ lmal agnaw, i neqqen ḥima ad dasen ksen iqaccawen ad ten zzenzen.
tesned amxumbel n tefriqt a Matiyu? qqaɛ tetteliɛ, iselmaden, ayt pulitik, firmirut …! qaɛ ttettliɛ, wi ɣa yɛedren tameslayt?Zeg ufilm n Adú
Abrid i yekka Adú mara d tiɛenkrifin, d wenni d abrid i dd‑tekken marra inni umi tt‑yura di leɣwabi n gurugu, tɛessen x sserk ad ẓwan ɣer mlilt. Aṭṭas tmettan s laẓ, aṭṭas s waṭṭan (lehlak), wenni ɣa ynejmen ad yemmet s wajjuyen n sserk, x ufus n ca n udiwani d aseppanyu, niɣ d ameɣrabi. Drus itawḍen TURJIT‑nsen.
Film n Adú yessawalla x upulitik n Seppanya min tt‑itejjan ad teqbel x imenneɛraq‑a, d mamec ttemsefham akedd imeɣrabiyyen, terra‑asen inni wer yestihlen ad ddren turjit‑nsen (s lmizan‑nsen). Lxeẓrat n ca n iseppunya ɣer tefriqt, ɣer imenneɛraq.
Netflix axmi tixḍer lweqt
Deg ij n wakud kkren dag‑s ibarcanen deg umaḍal « Black lives matter ». Sɣuyyun zeg useḥqar d lferz, d leqrun n uḍar x yili zi wenni yettwala ixf‑nnes yifa yiwdan, minzi udem nnes d acemlal. D useqsi n min yeqnen tafriqt ɣer Urupa, niɣ ɣer min yeqqime zeg umaḍal. Deg akud‑a tessufeɣ‑dd Netflix Afilm n Adú. D rirat x tyacitin, niɣ d arẓam n tiṭṭawin? wi yessnen! Maca Adú yesruba wenni wer yettrubin. Neccin nettwala‑ten mkul ass, tettek xa‑sen, maca min xa‑sen yekkin n tidet, nttesla xa‑s waha. Mayemmi gguren semmḥen di tmurt‑nsen? nttesla xa‑s waha.
Film n ADÚ d aseppanyu, yuri‑t Alejandro Hernández, yessufeɣ‑it Salvador Calvo.
Di tidet, Tafriqt amen tekmel tettwacc, ccin‑tet s uḥuwwes n zic, d wenni n yiḍa. ittaweḍ‑it lesnaḥ ḥima a din yeqqim umquṭṭus, ad afen iḥewwasen min ɣa ccen.
Dyaman, ureɣ, Palladium, nnuqert, uran, nnḥas, uẓẓar …. Maca tarwa‑nnes ttmettan, s laẓ, d lesnaḥ. kurci yettmenza di » ssuq ABARCAN » am tefriqt!!
Adú wer ireẓẓem ca tittawin x yemxumbal‑a, maca x min zzag‑sen dd‑yekkin x wenɛeq d tkerfiz, yemmal abrid‑nsen, zi tmura n lwest n tefriqt, kked x muriṭanya, d abrid ar Gurgu, senni d asmuqqer di tirja, ar ɣa yafen ca n tebridt.
I neccin? min zzag‑neɣ yettraja Salvador Calvo?
Adú wer icetki anict n min yemmel tidet, tidet teccur s ifeqqusen. Zeg ij n uɣeẓdis min ittekken x Lfilat, ineqqen wamẓiwen ḥima ad zzenzen iqaccawen nsen. I yellan d ij n umxumbel yulleɣ, carken dag‑s ifassen n daxel d yenni n barra.
Zi jjiht nniḍen min itekken x yewdan yettwalan tudert‑nsen di tarewla zeg wamẓiwen. ittemquṭṭusen x leḥkam, jjin agdud di laẓ.
Neccin nttemṣuruf kid‑sen mkul ass, neccat‑iten s lxeẓrat d azgen, ndeḥḥek xa‑sen, nessagʷad zzag‑sen tiḥenjirin d iḥenjirin imeẓyanen, Atiɣ a naweḍ ad ten‑newwet la d tidet. Lmeɣrib itteṭṭef tinɛacin zi Urupa ḥima ad ten yejj ɣer‑s, ad xa‑sen iḍebber, min itteg? itteg‑asen nnekwet, yeqqar‑asen ḍebbrem x yixf‑nwem. aqqa‑yen ɛessen di Gurgu xeẓren di Mlilt. Ruḥ ya ruḥ ad ten‑feqden cwayt n yeḍbiben d iseppunya, ad ten jjun s tsinaf n bakuna. Ayur azeggaɣ wer ssineɣ ma yttesla xa‑sen.
Qaɛ yenni yeddren deg Ayt Nsar niɣ d Nador tusa‑dd xa‑sen ad ilin d iferrazen (zi lferz). Maca itteqes lḥal xmi tteslid x yejjen d arifi yedder di Urupa bla lekwaɣeḍ, yeqqar: Arif ccin‑t Ibarcanen!
Ɣer ɛawed:
Min ɣa ggeɣ mala ssneɣ ila iggur ad mteɣ ? « Soul » irezzu x temrarut
Amẓiwen – Monsters: Film n Aksel Rifman


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Agraɣlan (igraɣlanen), international (fr) - international (en) - internacional (es) - دولي
Assaɣen igraɣlanen, relations internationales - relaciones internacionales - علاقات دولية
Addad amaruz: wegraɣlan/ugraɣlan (yegraɣlanen/yigraɣlanen).
Ẓer daɣ: agtaɣlan, aɣelnaw, aɣelnaẓri, aɣlan, asseɣlen, sseɣlen, taɣelnaẓri, taɣlent, ttwasseɣlen.
Aɣbalu: Amawal n Tmaziɣt Tatrart - Lexique du berbère moderne (Tiddukla Aẓar, Bgayet 1990).
Tasniremt:
Tagraɣlant tasduklant - Internationale communiste - Internacional Comunista -
Tagraɣlant Tis Kraḍt - Troisième Internationale - Tercera Internacional -
Imedyaten:
Imir-a kan ay d-yuweḍ ɣer unafag agraɣlan amaynu n Tokyo - Il vient juste d'arrive au nouvel aéroport international de Tokyo - Acaba de llegar al Nuevo Aeropuerto Internacional de Tokio - لقد وصل للتو إلى المطار الدولي الجديد لطوكيو
Aql-iken deg - Vous êtes dans - You are in - Ustedes están en - أنتم في
Asegzawal n Tmaziɣt - Dictionnaire Amazigh - Français - Amazigh - English Dictionary - Diccionario Amazigh - Español - قاموس أمازيغي - عربي
(c) Omar Mouffok - Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen.


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Tamurt n imarat tegzem anekcum ar wakal-is i wazal n 13 n tmura, anda i d-tedda lezzayer, ayagi d isalli ara yesneḥcmen taneɣlaft n beṛṛa, send imi taneɣlaft agi tga-d alɣu s wudem unṣib anda i teskaddeb annect agi.
Ihi s wudem unṣib abrid agi i d-ger tmurt n imarat, alɣu n wegzam n unekcum i wid yesɛan imsineg azayri, am nettat am kra tmura nniḍen gar-asent : SURYA, LUBNAN, IRAQ, TUNES, LIBYA, YAMEN, ṢUMAL, IRAN, ṬURK, AFGANISTAN, PAKISTAN D KINYA.
Aneɣlaf n beṛṛa ABDELLAH BEN ZAYD id-yemmeslayen ɣef temsalt agi yessenteḍ ɣef wenfafed n waṭṭan agi n COVID-19, ihi tura s wudem unṣib ulac win ara k-yinin d tikerkas neɣ d aqesseṛ.
Akken teẓram, isalli yagi yeffɣ-ed yakan deg tɣamsa tazayrit d tbeṛṛanit, ayagi i ɛeddan, ayen i d-yessekren lɣiḍ n izayriyen wid i ḥesben iman-nsen d iɛṛaben, dɣa taneɣlaft n beṛṛa tazayrit s wudem n BUQADUM, yeskaddeb-ed isalli agi,anda i d-yenna : » isalli agi d tikerkas, werǧin ad yili yusa-d sɣur adabu n tmurt n tgeldunin tiɛrabin yedduklen, wid i d-yezzuzuren tikerkas agi ur bɣin ara ayen yelhan i lezzayer ».
Akka tura, d ibeqqis i wdabu azayri yerran imdanen d igerdan ur nessin ara ayen i sen-yelhan, tettuɣal tmurt ṭṭfen d tamellalt n leɛcur tettwaɛzel tegra-d weḥdes.


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Kanada d tamurt d-yezgan deg ugafa n Temrikt, unagraw Atanltik deg usammar ar Ugaraw Amelwi deg usamar ar ugafa deg ugaraw Atlantik. D tamurt tameqrant akk tis snat deg umaḍal deffir Rusya.
Kanada
Akal yettusemman assa Kanada zedghent azal n alef iseggasen ihendiwen. Di tagara n lqern wis 15 bdant ibritaniyen d ifransiyen ttsasen akken ad nadin, syen zeghen deg rrif n unagraw atlanti. Fransa tedja qrib ayen thar deg Fransa tamynut i Britanya deffir ttrad n sebaa iseggasen n 1763.deg 1867, 3 temnadin deg temrikt ugafa tabritanit dduklent akken ad weqment tamurt tafidiralit n 4 temnadin. deg 1867, Nova Scotia d New Brunswick dduklent deg tfidiralit n Kanada.... .
Tafidiralit n Kanada s 10 temnadin d 3 akalen ines tesaa aberlman ,ixef n ddula d tagellidt Queen Elizabeth II . d tamurt yesaan snat tutlayin timensabin, taglizit d tefransist.Kanada tettekki deg G8, NATO, akk d Commonwealth of Nations, dFrancophonie, d United Nations.
Awal kanada yekka-d seg tutlayt tayirukwayt n St. Lawrence kanata, anamek nines "taddart" . deg 1535, imezdagh insaliyen n temdint n Kibik n wassa sqedcen awal agi akken as mlen abrid i Jacques Cartier ar taddart n Stadacona. syen Cartier yughal yesseqdac awal Kanada akken ad yemsslay ghef taddart nni d temnadt nni irkelli n Donnacona (ameqran n taddart n Stadacona); mi nessawed 1545, idlisen d tikardiwin tiurufiyin bdan ttsemayen i temnadt akk Kanada.
seg tazwara n lqern wis 17 d asawen,tamanadt n Fransa tamaynutd yegan rrif n wasif n Saint Lawrence d rrif n timedwa timeqranin negh Geat Lakes semman-as Kanada, tmanadt bdan ibritaniyen ghef sin, Kanada ufella Upper Canada d Kanada n wadda Lower Canada, armi n usdukkel nsen deg temnadt n kanada Province of Canada deg 1841. deffir n weskar n tkunfidiralin n kanada Confederation deg 1867, isem Kanada yettwafren ad yili d isem unsib n tmurt.


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Tenna lwizara n ddifaɛ Tadzayrit belli tessefsi ij n teyrawt n tḍeffar i « umussu n uzarug n temnaḍt n Leqbayel » yettwassnen s « MAK ». Tayrawt-a ttuɣa txes ad tegg ca n « iḍuqqizen » deg waṭṭas n imukan di Lezzayer. Amussu n Mak, yerr-dd x Lezzayer ila qa nitni ɛemmers ma ttuɣa xsen ad ggen waya.
Deg wass n 25 n yebril i yeɛdan. Tenna lwizara n ddifaɛ Tazzayrit belli tiweḍ ad tessefsi ij n teyrawt tḍeffar i « umussu n uzarug n temnaḍt n Leqbayel » yettwassnen s « MAK ». Mamec i d-yusa deg ij n usiweḍ i tegga lwizara-ya belli alaḥsab min dd-immal ubeḥḥet. Iwwḍen ad sfesyen ij n teyrawt dag-s iwdan aqqa-ten deg umussu n MAK, i zi wer tneɛɛem Lezzayer.
Lwizara, tenna qa ina i tesbedd ttuɣa xsen « ad ggen ca n iḍuqqizen di lwesṭ n ca n tecliwin d yegrawen deg waṭṭas n imukan di tmurt n Lezzyaer ». Mamec zeɛma nnan-d ila ufin ɣer-sen ca n « lesnaḥ d lbumbbat ». Aked manaya iwekked usiweḍ ila qa ufin ij n « uplanu d aɛeffan i yexsen ad iḥada tamurt ». Lmeḥkama n Iɛeẓẓagen tenna belli sbedden xemsa n yiwdan zi Tizi Wezzu d Bgayet. Ina ttuɣa yexsen ad swejden ca n isugiten x tecliwin n lḥirak, maca ttuɣa wer tenni ca ila nitni aqqa-ten deg umussu n Mak.
Lezzayer tenna qa zeg iwdan-nni « ttuɣa ttrinaren ɣer berra, ɛawnen-ten ca n tmura d tiberranyin ». Axmi i da d-ssmeɛnan x Lmuɣrib maca bla ma ad ɣer-sen sseknen s uḍaḍ nican. Zeg ij n uɣezdis nniḍen, Lezzayer ttuɣa teqqar lebda ila qa lḥirak udfent ca n Ixwanjiyen i yḍeffaren i umussu n « Racad » d iwdan n Mak i yexsen ad mseksin aked ddewla Tazzayrit. Maca imeɣnas n Lḥirak qqaren manaya d ca n tmeslayin maci d tidet. Txes zzag-s ddewla n Lezzayer terreẓ Lḥirak ad t-tesbedd.
Yerr-d umussu n MAK x Lezzayer, ila qa min inna amenni d « axarriq d ameqqran ». Xsen ad zzag-s wten Iqbayliyen waha. Mamec iwekked Ferḥat Mhenni, ameqqran n umussu-ya. Ila netta ad iqqim lebda ittamen s wafra di lxedmet-nnes maḥend ad yaweḍ ɣer tlelli n Leqbayel.


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Samedi 7 août 2021
Adabu n Lezzayer : aqelmun ɣer iḍarren !
Di twaɣit n Covid-19 deg ɣellin yemdanen am yizan di tmurt n Lezzayer, adabu ibedd-d d ugur di tnemmast n ubrid, akken ur ttawḍent tmacinin iskaren uksijan akked yal ddwa nniḍen ɣur imuḍan yenṭerren, ɣer wanda ttunefken. Ilmend ad d-ildi tibbura s tmesrufag n Air Algérie akked tukksa n « la bureaucratie » n ddiwana, netta irgel-itt-id s wulɣu n yiḍelli (1) : « yal asafar d-ikecmen, ad iddu ɣef ufus-is netta ».
Yiwen Uzzayri ur yumin ad awḍent tmacinin i yimuḍan iwatan ma kecment gar ifassen n la maffia n la pharmacie centrale algérienne !
Azekka, ayen ikecmen ad yenz ddaw ufus di marché noir n ssuq n El Ḥarrac, El Ḥamiz akked imukan nniḍen, am iqiḍunen-nni d-fkant tmura tiberraniyin asmi tenhezz tmurt di Bumerdes.
Taggara n temsalt-a tban am uzal : adabu ikker ad iskuffer tamurt (organisation de l’asphyxie des citoyens), ad yernu ad issečč imeddukal-is.
Taɣuri si temsalt-a :
Iswi/le but n tuqqna n yal asafar d-ittunefken akken ad yezri si la pharmacie centrale, mačči d aɣbel n beṭṭu iwatan acku amur ameqqran n tmacinin akked ddwa teddun ad awḍen ɣer sbiṭarat n tmurt. Sbiṭarat-nni akken llan, akked tzeɣwa polycliniques, teddun akk ddaw udabu n uneɣlaf n tdawsa/ministère de la santé. Aneɣlaf izmer ad yefk lamer i yal sbiṭar akken ad as-d-yerr i la pharmacie centrale ayen izaden nnig wayen yeḥwaǧ i yimuḍan yellan din. Teshel temsalt.
Tamussni deg umaḍal tella :
Di temsal n tallalt / aide, solidarité, ulac abrid yufraren am win wezzilen : win ad ifken ayen iwumi yezmer, tikci-s ad taweḍ afus n win i teqsed (circuit court : donateur – récepteur). D abrid deg ulac taxessart. Ass-a di tmura n umaḍal, wid yettaken tadrimt i tallalt, ssaramen ad ẓren iwacu tedda tedrimt-nsen, anda tewweḍ, wuɣur tewweḍ (des opérations ciblées, justifiées, bouclées).
D ugur ameqqran illan deg iseggasen izrin i yessawden ɣer ubrid-a. Zik, llant tddukliwin humanitaires iteččen azal n 80 % n tedrimt d-ikecmen deg umesruf n ‘’fonctionnement’’ ; taleqqimt kan ad yawḍen amkan-is, wid iwumi tettunefk !
Ass-a, tamurt n Lezzayer, ilmend ad telmed seg wayen iteddun di tmura nniḍen, nettat tuɣal ɣer deffir, ɣer logiciel n caporalisme n tmura n soviet inegren.
Amek i nezmer ad tt-nefhem ?
Ulɣu i d-iffɣen ur illi seg ufus n uneɣlaf n tdawsa. Ur illi d rray n Abderraḥmane Benbouzid s timmad-is. Tiyita tekka-d nnig-s : d rray n uẓar n udabu n iserdasen, d afus n isuddas/les stratèges du pouvoir i itt-igan akken ad cudden ayen i yasen-inesren ussan-a : d tiwizi i yekkren di yal tamurt (Fransa, Marikan, Canada, …) akken ad aznen isufar iwatan i yimuḍan n tmurt, yal yiwen anda yella, yal taddart, yal tawsimt/laârc ikker ibzer-d tadrimt i tiɣin n tmacinin.
D tiwizi n Izzayriyen i yewwet udabu akken ad tt-yerẓ, acku d taddukli iteddun ad timɣur azekka, ad d-tawi tiddukliwin nniḍen. Adabu yugad ad teddu ɣer uqerru-s, iga-d afrag, maca d afrag n wuffal. Ur izmir ad yeg afrag i uḥemmal d-iteddun.
Aẓar n udabu yiwen-is si 1962, asmi ibedd s takriṭ/violence akked tazzla n idammen.
Tawaɣit tamezwarut ibda-tt Ben Bella di 1963 s yiwen ukabar/ ‘’Parti unique’’, ‘’la nationalisation des salons de coiffure’’, akked la milice ittcuddun imdanen deg iberdan.
Adabu ibedden s tezmert n ugraw n Ujda (clan d’Oujda) (2), ifra abrid-is : ad ikkes yal tilelli i wegdud Azzayri. Timunent-nni n 1962, ilmend ad d-tawi tilelli akked tumert, tewwi-d tudert n tmara ddaw uzaglu n FLN akked iserdasen-is.
60 iseggasen n yal tawaɣit, ass-a wḍen ad kksen azwu n uksijan i Yizzayriyen akken ad t-zzenzen ddaw ufus.
Aâddan tilas ɣer yir taggara-nsen, akken ad ttwakksen akken llan.
Aumer U Lamara
Timerna / Notes :
1) Communiqué de l’ambassade d’Algérie en France : … solliciter une autorisation d’acheminement des dons ; déclarer l’identité des donateurs (associations, collectifs, particuliers) ; établir la liste du matériel.
Le ministère de la santé est le seul et unique destinataires des dons recuellis ; il se charge de le répartir au niveau national…
2) Clan d’Oujda : https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan_d%27Oujda


text:
Mala nekker a nessiwel x umezruy n Arrif a naf iccur s yergazen i yejjin limaret-nnsen dag-s. Dewlent timɣarin axmi wer ssa kkint zi tmurt-a. Maḥend a nessen acrak n Trifiyin deg imenɣan ixess-aneɣ labudd a nedwel ɣer min tteɛqalen yewdan d min dd-nnan Ispunya x manaya. Da iggur a nessiwel x ca n wudmawen n wecrak n temɣart Tarifit deg imenɣan n Arrif.
D Tamɣart i ttuɣa isruqqan timessi x tqiccwin n idurar
Tamɣart Tarifit tegga tizemmar d timeqqranin maḥend ad tecrec di tnezbayt n Muḥemmed Ameẓẓyan deg Iqelɛiyen(1912-1909) di tferkiwin (étapes) n girra-nnes. Tegga aṭṭas n lexdayem di zzman n girra. Zi lexdayem-nni ameknaw xminni tɛellem imjahden s usugi n Irumiyen. Xmi tesruɣa timessi s-nnej idurar maḥend ad yili wemsawaḍ jar tqebbal. Γir ad ẓren timessi sennej i tqiccwin n Ayt Buyefrur, niɣ Ayt Sɛid. Sruqqan timessi sennej i tqiccwin n Ayt Uliccek, Temsaman d Ayt Tuzin ɛad i dd ɣa naweḍ ɣer Ayt Weryaɣel d Ibeqquyen…
Γir ad ẓren timessi, ad kkren irgazen n teqbilt ad reḥḥgen x teqbilt i yeccaten aqerṭas. D timɣarin i ttuɣa isruqqant timessi maḥend ad xebbrent tiqebbal-nniḍen. Uca raḥ x-as amenni. Xenni imjahden i ttili ɣer-sen lexbar deɣya deɣya. Imeqqranen Ispunya ttuɣa ssnen ddegg-a n tmeslayin. Ajiniral Marina, lḥakem n Mlilet, deg ijjen uneqqis isekk-as-ten i lḥukuma Taspanyut di 12-07-1909 iqqar dag-s : « Lexbar i ɣer-neɣ qqaren ila Timɣarin Tirifiyin d nitenti i yesruqqant timessi x tqiccwin n Gurgu, ɛellment zzag-s ufuɣ n lɛesker-nneɣ zi temdint ass n jjemɛa i yeɛdan ». Apparasyu-ya iqqim isiɣa xelli di lɛahed n tnezbayt n Mmi-s n Ɛebdelkrim (1921-1926). Twiza n temɣart Tarifit ila yeḥḍar deg wazzareg n imenɣan. Ula kṭer ttuɣa tella ɣer deffer i yemjahden, tettic-asen axfif, tettili din maḥend ad tsgenfa inegzam d ineɛḍab, tjebber inni yerrẓen zzag-sen, tettekkes zzag-sen aqerṭas.
Xirebbi n ineqqisen ssawalen x ddegg-a, ameknaw aneqqis i dd-yeydar ij n ujurnal d Aspanyu deg wass n 13-07-1909. Iqqar : « Ass-a ẓriɣ ijjen tmeslayt ibeddel lxezrat-inu di temɣart Tameɣrabit, d manayenni i neẓra neccin ineɣmasen s nnej i teɛrurt i zi ttuɣa nḥeṭṭa iparasyunen n lɛesker i yemsaren ass-a deg wammas n Aṭalayun « Sidi Ḥmed Lḥaj » mai ttuɣa timɣarin Timeɣrabiyin tteggent lxedmet s kulci ɣer deffer i yemjahden, ttɛawanent inegzam, tesmuttuy-ten ɣer lagg°aj, tettic-asen aman… ».
D nettat i yeccaten lɛesset
Din wi yettɛawaden x twiza n temɣart di tɛessast n ca n imukan ɣer-sen lhimmet-nnsen tastratijit d tameqqrant. Am lɛesset i teccat x taliwin manis i dd-tagmen Ispuniya aman. Mamec ɛawed ttuɣa tesqnunnyed tisuḍar d waddriwen imeqqranen x yebriden maḥend ad tegg iɛenkraf di tecli n leɛdu. Zi temɣarin i ttuɣa yellant d timnayin, ssnent ad nyent x yeysan; mamec ssnent ad sxedment lesnaḥ d wecrak-nnsent deg imenɣan n girra. Mamec ila txezzen, tḥeṭṭa lesnaḥ, tesmuttuy-iten ɣer ca n imukan-nniḍen. Niɣ zi tesrafin mani snuffuren lesnaḥ ɣer imukan n « jic tteḥrir ».
Ijjen zeg yegmamen n useqqim anamur n tnezbayt d jic tteḥrir yenna-aneɣ : « aqqa d ɛemt-i i yenɣin aseggas n 1909 deg Ayt Tuzin wenni umi qqaren Lekḥel bu Luḍu; afus afusi n Jjilali Zzerhuni zegga i dd-yedwel yerreẓ zeg Ayt Weryaɣel. Mamec ttuɣa teqqim tettsuna tajwijt-nnes i ɣa tewwec i mmi-s i zzag-s ɣa icerken di tnezbayt n jic tteḥrir deg iseggusa n xemsin ».
Marina: Mli maci d temɣart tarifit ad tili qqae wer nxesser anict uya qqae
Tamɣart tirar deg usneɣmes aɛeskri, ttuɣa tjemmeɛ lexburat x mani ittkun leɛdu d min ɛelmen d mcḥal idsen d mani d mamec wtin tixzanin. Mamec i ttuɣa tzeddi (coordonner) jar imjahden, tettawi tibratin tetterra-tent. Acrak-a n temɣarin di tenzbayt yejja tixessura n leɛdu ad mmernyent kṭer ukṭer. Marina yeqqar x manaya beɛda deg uneqqis-nni i dd-neydar sennej «zi ɣer-i nec mli wer tecrik tamɣart Tarifit di tzemmar n girra i tteggen imjahden di nnḥit n Kert zeg useggas n 1909 ar 1912 ar tili qaɛ girra-nni wer x-aneɣ tettniqimi s melyun bsiṭa i wass ».
Tirifiyin ttuɣa ttawyent lmunet n macca d waman d wexfif i imjahden mani mma llan deg icbaren i yeṭṭfen, la deg yefran, d idurar d izurag n imenɣan. Ijjen tnamit tteggent Tirifiyin xenni, ttawyent-id ijjen uqediḥ tteggent dag-s lḥenni issur aked waman uca ttruccant zzag-s imagg°aden i ttuɣa izemmren ad rewlen zeg umenɣi.
Aṭṭas n yezlan i dd-issiwlen x wecrak n temɣarin deg izurag n imenɣan. Ijjen zeg yezlan-nni yeqqar :
Irifiyen jahden ameẓẓyan ameqqran
Jahdent la d tiniyba, ksint-id imegran
Tisednan n Arrif ɛawed ttuɣa kessint ca n tebratin i zi ttuɣa tthuddan x ca n ibeyyaɛen. Mamec tesmutti tibratin i zi ttuɣa ttnigusyan Imjahden Irifiyen aked Ispunya. Nzemmer a dd-neydar danita tawessart-nni Tarifit i yessiwḍen aman d ijjen tebrat zeg Irifiyen ɣer Ukumundan Benitez min xef ttuɣa wtin imjahden acbar deg Iɣriben. Imjahden ttren zzag-s ad isellem ixef-nnes maca ucin-as lɛahed. Xenni nnan-as : « Neccin imselmen mala newca lɛahed wer x-as nettɛiqqib, wer t-neznuzi ca. Tiwecca xmi i dd ɣa yuffu lḥal ac dd-nesqad ijjen twessart d Tarifit ad ac-tewwec aman d ijjen tebrat… Wer tteggwed ad tamned ila qa negga ca n ḥajet a c-tḍerr deg waman-nni. Tawessart ad tsu qbel zzag-wem ». Tamɣart tessek tabrat-a tegga min x-as.
asagem: Ṣabaḥ Ɛellac (Tifraz n Arif, uṭ. 40. asb. 09. aseggas: 2009)


text:
Akk iɣmisen izayezen
Abeqqeḍ n akkw iɣmisen yestufan ɣef Wikipedia.
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text:
Amyag
Kra n tɣawsiwin ɣef wemyag
« Amyag d awal ifettin i lmend n wudem ». Dda Lmulud
Amyag yesskan tigawt nexdem, taɣara neɣ addad n kra tɣawsa. Akka, amyag di tmaziɣt yebḍa ɣef sin isufar:
amyag amagnu, yemmal dacu yexdem (neɣ ara yexdem) umeggay, am: yeffeɣ weqcic ; ssiwel i gma-k ; a d-yawi lɛar... amyag n tɣara, yemmal-d amek iga umeggay, neɣ addad-is, am: yugar ucerrig tafawet ; yettiwriɣ wudem-is ; ɣezzifit aṭas...
Amyag ifetti s:
talɣa tilawt: yella wayen i ɣef d-nettmeslay; neɣ talɣa tibawt: tigawt neɣ taɣara i ɣef d-nettmeslay ur telli wara, neɣ ur tt-temmed ara.
Llan sin n yesmilen n yemyagen, mxallafen kan di tseftit:
amyag alugan (anezmar), taseftit n yezri am tin n wurmir, kecmeɣ (izri), ad kecmeɣ (imal)... amyag arlugan (anammum), taseftit n yezri temxallaf ɣef tin n wurmir, nniɣ (izri), ad iniɣ (imal)...
Talɣa taḥerfit, d tin n wemyag ur nefti wara, ur tesɛi wara imattren udmawanen, amedya: kcem, ali, ddu...
Timeẓri, temmal-d amek teḍra tigawt, ma wezzilet, ma ɣezzifet, ma teḍra yiwet n tikkelt neɣ tettuɣal-d, ma temmed neɣ ala...
Akud yemmal-d melmi teḍra tigawt. akuden n tseftit
urmir ur yettuseqdac ara aṭas weḥd-s, di tigti s tzelɣa n yimal ad i ifetti. A t-naf kan di kra n isuka am: win yebɣan ad yečč, yečč ; qqimet ar azekka, truḥem...
urmir (anaḍ) nesseqdac-it akken ad nmudd tasunḍa neɣ lewṣaya, amedya: awi-t yid-k! ; xdem tid lɛali a tent-tafeḍ...
urmir (imal) nesseqdac-it akken a d-nessken ayen ara yilin ɣer zdat, tigawt mazal ur teḍri neɣ ahat ur tḍerru wara (imal = ad/a + urmir), amedya: tameddit-a ad jbuɣ ɣur-s...
izri nesseftay amayag deg yezri akken a d-nessken kra n tigawt neɣ n waddad iɛeddan, yemmden, amedya: yuli ; tusa-d ; werriɣit...
izri ibaw, talɣa tibawt n wemyag deg yezri, amedya: ur yuki wara ; ur ẓriɣ s anda yerra...
anaḍ ussid, talɣa tussidt n wemyag, amedya: ttali (ali) ; keččem (kcem)...
urmir ussid nesseftay amyag deg wurmir ussid akken a d-nessken s umata tigawt i d-yettuɣalen, yettkemmilen, ur nemmid ara. Amedya:
tigawt neɣ addad yellan imira, atan yettmeslay d gma-s. tigawt i d-yettuɣalen dima, s tasift i d-itekk yal ass. ṣṣifa yellan di kra n tɣawsa, anners yettɣar belxef.
imattaren udmawanen
Amyag, yeftin di kra n wakud, yeddes s umatar udmawan akk d ufeggag, tuddsa-yagi neqqar-as talɣa tamyagant. Amatar udmawan, yesskan-d anwa udem wuɣur yefti wemyag.
Talɣa tamyagant turgamt = t + urga + mt, t - mt, imattaren udmawanen urga, afeggag n wemyag argu deg yezri
Imattaren udmawanen n yemyagen n tɣara am wid n yemyagen imugna, anagar deg yezri i mgarraden.
Ad tafem imattaren n yakk udmawen n tseftit deg imedyaten i d-nebder di taggara. amaɣun
Amaɣun d yiwet n talɣa n wemyag i nesseqdac mti yella umeggay d amassaɣ, amedya: d argaz-nni i d-yusan ; tusa-d tmeṭṭut-nni yettun mmi-s...
Amaɣun d armeskil, ur ifetti wara, ur yettbeddil ara s ubeddel n tewsit neɣ n wemḍan. Yezmer ad yili d ilaw: inudan (izri), ara inadin (imal). Neɣ d ibaw: ur nezmir (izri), ur nzemmer ara (imal). tazelɣa n tnila
Nesseqdac tazelɣa n tnila d/n i wakken a d-nmel s anda neɣ ansa i d-tekka tigawt.
Tazelɣa d tettweǧǧih tigawt ɣer win i d-yettmeslayen, amedya: iruḥ-d iḍelli (iruḥ ɣer win i d-yettmeslayen).
Tazelɣa n tesskanay-d belli tigawt terra ɣer win i d-isellen, neɣ terra ɣer wemkan nniḍen, amedya: iruḥ-n (iruḥ ɣer tama n win i d-isellen neɣ s amkan nniḍen). Imyagen izelman
Imyagen izellumen ttwasilɣen seg yemyagen iḥerfiyen ama d imugna neɣ n tɣara. Ilugan n tseftit-nsen am yemyagen nniḍen.
amyag aswaɣ yettwasileɣ s wezwar n s neɣ yiwet seg talɣiwin-is sse, ssu... amedya: ssekcem (kcem), sluɣ (luɣ), ssider (ader)...
amyag amyaɣ yeskanayen amyebdal n tigawt: myuzzamen = mbadalen tuzzma (wa yezzem wayeḍ). Yettwasileɣ s wezwar n m neɣ yiwet seg talɣiwin-is: mye, myu... amedya: mbeddal (beddel), myezwir (zwir), myuṭṭaf (ṭṭef)...
amyag attwaɣ yeskanay d akken tigawt tettrusu-d ɣef umeggay. Yettwasileɣ s wezwar n ttu, ttwa, neɣ daɣen tt, mm, n, nn. Amedya: ttwakrez (krez), ttucudd (cudd), nnẓem (ẓem), mmečč (ečč)...
Nezmer ad nessileɣ azellum seg wemyag yellan yakan di talɣa n uzellum, d aya umi neqqar izelman izelman, amedya: ttunefk < nnefk < efk, ttuzenz < zzenz < enz Kra imedyaten
Amyag amagnu kcem anaḍ izri izri ibaw urmir imal urmir ussid nekk kecmeɣ ur kcimeɣ ara ad kecmeɣ keččmeɣ kečč, kemm kcem tkecmeḍ ur tekcimeḍ ara ad tkecmeḍ tkeččmeḍ netta, nettan yekcem ur yekcim ara ad yekcem ikeččem nettat tekcem ur tekcim ara ad tekcem tkeččem
nekni nekcem ur nekcim ara ad nekcem nkeččem kunwi kecmet tkecmem ur tekcimem ara ad tkecmem tkeččmem kunnemti kecmemt tkecmemt ur tekcimemt ara ad tkecmemt tkeččmemt nutni kecmen ur kcimen ara ad kecmen keččmen nutenti kecment ur kciment ara ad kecment keččment
- wali tafelwit n tseftit n wemyag kcem
Amyag n tɣara imlul anaḍ izri izri ibaw urmir imal urmir ussid nekk melluleɣ ur melluleɣ ara ad imluleɣ ttimluleɣ kečč, kemm imlul melluleḍ ur melluleḍ ara ad timluleḍ tettimluleḍ netta, nettan mellul ur mellul ara ad yimlul yettimlul nettat mellulet ur mellulet ara ad timlul tettimlul
nekni mellulit ur mellulit ara ad nimlul nettimlul kunwi imlulet mellulit ur mellulit ara ad timlulem tettimlulem kunnemti imlulemt mellulit ur mellulit ara ad timlulemt tettimlulemt nutni mellulit ur mellulit ara ad imlulen ttimlulen nutenti mellulit ur mellulit ara ad imlulent ttimlulent Awal ɣef umyag n teqvaylit: Amyag d yiwet n taggayt tanejṛumt tagejdant i ɣef tvedd tefyirt. Di teqvaylit (tamaziɣt s umata), talɣa taḥerfit n umyag d anaḍ, deg udem wis sin asuf. Yis-s i d-tettili tekcimt deg usegzawal. Ad neṭṭef amedya n umyag aru:
Udem wis sin asuf:
Imeqqimen udmawanen:[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Di teqvaylit imeqqimen udmawanen ilelliyen d wigi:
-Asuf Amalay : nekk - keč - netta
-Asuf Unti: nekk - kem - nettat
-Aseget Amalay: nekwni - kunwi - nitni
-Aseget Unti: nekwenti - kunemti - nitenti
Taseftit n imyagen s teqvaylit:[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ader:
Af:
Eḍs:


text:
Izem
Izem (Assaɣ ussnan: Panthera leo) d aɣersiw amseksum n twacult n tserɣuda yeṭṭafaren Tawsit n iɣilasen, Izmawen ttidiren ass-a deg Tefriqt n unẓul n taneẓruft akken i mazal degsen taɣreft meẓẓiyen deg [Asya]] tettwaggez s umihi n ungar, ziktallit n uzarmezruy llan ttidiren ula deg Turuft, aɣeṛsiw-agi yenger deg tmiḍi tis snat send n tlallit imi aṭas i yettazzalen deffir-s akken ad t-gemren i wakken ad kksen alemsir-is neɣ ad tesxedmen i tujjya neɣ i wsedhu kan
Addad d uẓayer n yizemẒreg
Izem yettusismel d akken-it d talmest yettwaggzen umihi n ungar s tseddaṛt taddayt anda afimidi n tdersi-ynes tuli deg snat n temrawin yezrin seg 30% ar 50% yerna asirem n tudert n tɣrfin yeffɣen i yfergan iɣelnawen isliw (yeḍɛef)
Zik nni, Izem deg Tefriqt yella yettidir deg yal tama, deg yal tamurt ula di tneẓruft yakk d idurar am idurar n waṭlas. Maca ass-a grant-d kra kan n tɣerfin yessufin (yettwaɛezlen) aladɣa deg tmura n usamar n Tefrikt
ɣas ma yella izmawen ttbanen-d yakk ttemcabin deg weglam (ṣṣifa) maca llant waṭas n tdulemsin yemgaraden s imik gar yiwet d tayeṭ deg weglam d teɣdi d yini akk d tiddi. Gar tdulmas n yizmawen yellan yettidir deg Tefriqt yella yizemamaziɣ iy negren deg uzaɣar. D netta i d izem ameqqran akk yettwassnen Izem n Katanga]] (Panthera leo melanochaita) d izem-nni ay yettidiren deg tsabant (savane) n Kenya d Tanzanya, deg Tefriqt tacerqit. Izem-agi meqqer ciṭṭ, yettidir deg uzaɣar anda ay yettṣeggid izgaren d yiɣersiwen niḍen.
Deg Asya mazal izem la yettidir deg tmurt n Lhend, deg yiwet n tama qqaren-as Gir. Tadulmest-agi qqaren-as izem n Asya (Panthera leo persica) izem-a tettwaggez s waṭas s umihi n ungar acku gran-d xges anagar n 200 n yizmawen. Deg Tuṛuft, izem yenger azal n 20 tasutin ay-a, maca deg tasut-agi meṛṛa, medden akk la ttmeslayen fell-as, u mazal aɣersiw-agi yella deg tsugint-nsen.
Asismel d temhazt n yizemẒreg
Timesɣezt tamzikt yakk i wɣersiw yecban izem ufant-id imusnawen deg yiwet n temnadt deg tmurt n Tanzanya addar-is yettuɣal ar 3,5 n imelyan n iseggasen, Kra n imusnawen nnan-d d akken timesɣezt-a tettuɣal i yizem amiran n tidet u mači n umiru-ynes maca timesɣezt nni ur tettwaggeẓ (ur tettwaḥraz ara) akken iwata, Dɣa deg waddad-a imusnawen zemren ad ini-n d akken timesɣezt-a tettuɣal i yiwen n userɣud dgi id yekka yizem (d aẓaṛ amezday). Ma d timetɣezt tamzikt tanaftart yettuɣalen ar yizem n tidet deg Tefriqt yettuɣal waddar-is ar yiwen n umelyun n iseggasen
Tiserɣuda id yettilin neɣ yudsen yakk ar yizem d tilmas nni yeṭṭafaren tawsit n uɣilas am weksil d uyagwar d uɣilas, Dɣa tizrawin tiǧiniyin d timssilɣanin beyynen-t-d d akken Aksel illa d aserɣud amezwaru id yennebra-n seg uẓar-a amezday send n 1,9 n imelyan n iseggasen s akin yennebda-d uizem d uɣilas send n 1,25 n imelyan n iseggasen
TidefrinẒreg
Llan imusnawen ssismilen azal n 12 n tdefrin timiranin n yizem, Tameqrant yakk deg-sent d izem amaziɣ i yellan yettidir deg Tefrikt n ugafa, Imgaraden s wacu i semgirriden yisent tidefrin-a d idgan n tudert, Talɣa n ucebcub (azag), ableɣ d tneẓẓi n unfufed. Maca tefrer n usemgirred n tdefrin s tarrayt-a id yessekren amdan ameqran deg-sent yirna tesseker-d ula d Imgaraden gar ismawen n yiwet n tedfert d ayen yessekren aɣnan deg tluft-a, imusnawen ass-a ukzen-d (steɛṛfen-d) s 8 n tdefrin kan, maca yiwen deg-sen (Panthera leo melanochaita) yezmer ad yili yettusismel d agul (leɣlaḍ) d akken-it d tadfert tilellit, yirna ula d 7 nni n iden zemren-t ad ilin-t ttusisemlen-t s tuccda
Tidefrin timiranin
- Tadfert n Asya: Zik nni tadfert-a tella tettidir deg yakk tamiwin n Asya, seg Turkya ar Surya d tzunegzirt Taserɣint alamma d Pakistan d Lhend maca tura tenger yakk deg tmura nni, Tura gran-d anagar 300 n yizmawen n tedfert-a ttidiren deg teẓgi n Gir deg tmurt n Lhend
- Tadfert tamaziɣt: Tadfert-a tenger deg uzaɣar (lexla) s usrag (ɣef ssebba) n wegmar maca ahat mazal llan kra n yizmawen yellan deg ukraf, Dɣa tadfert-a tella d nettat yakk i d tadfert tameqrant anda azuk-is yella yudes s waṭas ar wazuk n weksil
- Tadfert n Sinigal: neɣ izem n umalu n Tefrikt, tadfert-a tettidir deg Tefrikt n umalu, Seg Nijirya ar Sinigal
AglamẒreg
Izem deg yidles AqbayliẒreg
Deg tmurt n Iqbayliyen, izem mazal yettwassen yisem-is yernu yettwabdar-d ama deg yinzan deg tmucuha, iga d aɣersiw ilan (yesɛan) azal meqqren ɣer Iqbayliyen imi izem d azamul n tezmert akk d tebɣest (lkuṛaj).
TamselyutẒreg
- Omar Amastan Mouffok, imedyazen.


text:
Aɣersiw
Iɣersiwen (Assaɣ ussnan: Animalia) akken i ttwaswmmayen s Tlatint: metazoa (anamek-is: tugtakwatin), d imuddiren imziɣwawen igtakwaten i d-issiliɣen tagelda tasnudrant taɣersawt. Ɣas akken llant kra n tsuraf, maca iɣersiwen tetten tinegwa tigmanin, sgunefayen uksijin, zemren ad mbiwlen akken izemren ad myarawen s wuzuf. Yella-d weglam n ugar n 1.5 n imelyan n telmas n ɣersiwen imidduren - gar-asen azal n umelyun n telmas n ibureɣsen -, maca imesnudranen settgen d akken llan ugar n 7 n imelyan n telmas n iɣersiwen. Tiddiwin n iɣersiwen gant gar m 8.5 mikṛumiter alamma d 33.6 miter, lan tisedmirin tukrisin gugar-asen yakk d twennaṭ-nsen, akken ilan iẓeḍwan imeččiyen ukrisen. Tussna izerrwen iɣersiwen d tasenɣersiwt.
Dɣa ula d amdan iga d agmam seg tgelda taɣersawt.
Tilmas n iɣersiwen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Llant 3 n tegrawin tigejdanin deg tgelda taɣersawt:
- Imestuga: d widak itetten tuga d yimɣan.
- Imseksumen: d widak itetten aksum s ugmar n yiɣersiwen niḍen.
- Igetmeččiyen: d widak itetten kra yellan (ama d imɣan neɣ d iɣersiwen.
Akken i llant tegrawin meẓẓiyen s agensu n tegrawin-a.


text:
Analyse comparative du champ lexical de la flore entre quelques régions de la Kabylie : communes de la wilaya de Tizi-Ouzou et de Boumerdès (sur les plans phonétique et lexicale).
Date2016
Author
OUGACHE, LILIA
OUCIF, KAMILIA
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
Tazwart Taqbaylit am tantaliwin n tmaziɣt (neɣ n ddunit meṛṛa), ur teslik ara i temsalt n temḍawit tutlayant.Tamḍawit tutlayant tettban-d deg trakalt, imi seg temnaḍt ɣer tayeḍ, si taddart ɣer tayeḍ yettili wayen yettbedillen neɣ ayen yettemgaraden. Tamukrist Amek id-tettban temḍawit tamsislant, tamawalant gar tmeslayin inefren ? Anwa aswir deg wayed i tella temḍawit s waṭas? Turdiwin Xas tella temḍawit gar temnaḍin yembaɛaden maca yezmer ad tili ula gar tid yemqaraben. Yal mi ara mbaɛadent temnaḍin yettnarni usmeskel, ladɣa deg uswir n temsislit. Asentel n tezrawt Anadi-nneɣ yewwi-d ɣef temḍawit n umawal n yismawen n yimaɣan deg kra n temnaḍin n leqbayel( Iṣennajen, Wujimeɛ, Tariḥant, Lazib uḥeddad, Bni Ɛisi, Suq Letnin, Mḥagga, At Aziz) n lwilaya n Tizi-Wezzu (Caɛbet Lɛamer) n lwilaya n Bumardas, s wakka tazrawt-nneɣ tekcem deg taɣult n trakalt tutlayant.D tusna yettnadin deg temḍawit tutlayant seg tama n trakalt, imi tettnadi deg yembeddalen id-yettilin deg tutlayt seg temnaḍt ɣer tayeḍ.Deg-s ad neɛreḍ ad neẓẓer s wudem amatu amek id-tettban temḍawit n umawal inefren ɣef trakalt, meḥsub ad nerr tamḍawit-a ɣef tkarḍiwin tirakalin akken ad yishil gezzu-ines, s wannect-a ad neẓẓer amgired yellan gar tmeslayin n teqbaylit. Afran n usentel Nefren asentel-agi, imi nefka azal I tantala taqbaylit d usnerni-ines s tezrawin n temḍawit akken ad nesban amgired yellan gar tmeslayin imi yal tamnaḍt s tmeslayt-is. Iswi n tezrawt D asegzi n temsalt-a n temḍawit (tamsislant, tamawalant), iwakken ad nekkes ayen yettemcabin d wayen yemgaraden gar tmeslayin I ɣef nexdem tazrawt. Igemmad uɣur nessaweḍ ad ten-id-nesban deg tkarḍiwin. Ma negza tamḍawit tutlayant yellan deg trakalt ad nissin tilawt-is, ma negza tilawt-is ad nizmir ad nenǧer abrid I usnerni-ines. Idgan n tsastant Nexdem tazrawt-nneɣ di ṭam (08) n tɣiwanin id yezgan di lwilaya n Tizi-Wezzu, akked yiwwet n tɣiwant n lwilaya n Bumardas.Yal taɣiwant neddem deg-s yiwwet ar snat n temnaḍin (neɣ tuddar) : Taɣiwant n Makuda: Wujimeɛ, Tariḥant. Taɣiwant n Wagennun: Lazib Uḥeddad. Taɣiwant n Yiflisen: Isennajen. Taɣiwant n Bni Ɛissi: Bni Ɛissi. Taɣiwant n Seq Letnin: Suq Letnin. Taɣiwant n Iǧer: Mḥagga. Taɣiwant n Ilula Umalu: At Aɛziz. Taɣiwant n Tizi Ɣnif: Tizi Ɣnif. Taɣiwant n Caɛbet El Ɛamur: Caɛbet El Ɛamur. Tarrayt n ugmar Tazrawt-nneɣ tella-d s tsastant deg unnar.Neffeɣ s annar nexdem-d ikalasen s timawit, ikalasen-a nḥawec-iten-id s ttawil n umaklas, nessemres asestan arusrid deg-s nesuter I yimsulɣa aɣ id-hedren ɣef tfellaḥt s umata. Iwakken ad nesmed asestan arusrid s ways nebda anadi-nneɣ nessemres asestan usrid, deg-s nessewjed-d 152 n yismawen n yimaɣan d tugniwin-nsen.Isteqsiyen nefkaten nekkni s timmad-nneɣ I yimsulɣa, tiririt tella-d srid ɣef wayen i nettnadi. Imsulɣa Nesteqsa imsulɣa yesɛan ugar n 45 n yiseggasen (gar 45 ar 75 n yiseggasen), gar-asen llan yifellaḥen, tifellaḥin, tilawin n wexxam. Imsulɣa-agi d inaṣliyen n temnaḍin inefren,din id lulen din id kkren. Tikarḍiwin Ayen yerzan tikarḍiwin nessuleɣ-itent-id s ttawil n useɣzan QJS (systeme d’information géographique), d google Maps.Nwennet fell-asent, nessegza-d tamḍawit yellan deg-sent. Tagrayt: Deg unadi i nexdem ɣef temḍawit tamawalant deg teqbaylit, neɛreḍ nessegza-d tamsalt-a ilmend n wamek i d-tettban deg trakalt, ɣer taggara nessaweḍ ɣer yigemmaḍ yellan d tiririyin i yesteqsiyen i d-nefka di tazwara. Nufa-d tamsalt n temḍawit tutlayant dayen yugten s waṭas deg teqbaylit, ama d tamḍawit tamawalant neɣ tamsislant. Tamḍawit-a, deg tuget tettnal aswir amawalan d umsislan ɣef tikkelt. Xas akken tamḍawit ur terkid ara deg trakalt, maca llant tkerḍiwin deg wayed i dttuɣalent kra n temnaḍin: Tamnaḍt n usamar n Tizi-wezzu (Meḥaga, Ayt Ɛziz). Tamnaḍt n umalu (neɣ n unẓul amalu) (Tizi Ɣnif). Tamnaḍt n ugafa (Isennajen, Bujimaɛ, Tariḥant, Laɛzib Uḥeddad). Tamnaḍt n ugafa d tin n tlemmast (Issenajen, Bujimaɛ, Tariḥant, Laɛzib Uḥeddad, Bni Ɛisi, Suq Letnin).


text:
Astiqa wwint awal. S tnayen idsent d Tirifiyyn n Kaṭalunya, ttɣennant s Tmaziɣt d ilsawn-nneɣni. S tnayen idsent qqaren-asent “Ikram”. Icten Ikram Bulum (Bouloum), icten Ikram Tamazight.
Iweḍḍer-ay man ten mizi ɣa ssebdiɣ. Ssariɣ x ifidyuten-nsent d lefraji-nsent, ufiɣ g-sen amaynut g wawalen, aẓawan, abeddi x udukan (lxacaba) d uxezzar d agrawli ar tmeslayin n tudert.
Ikram Bulum
Ikram Bulum d txabit n tẓuri tettenhezza. Tsmuna aɣennij d usefru d tenfust ag ikluṣa n musiqa mṣwḍan. Amuk teqqar g wawal-ines, tettegg tasekla tameslyat (literatura sonora) mani xelli gi min tettegg, nettaf bzzaf n tmijjwin deg icten n tmijja. Amuk nettaf amkan i performance, ddikur d kulur ittawi ar imaḍalen-nneɣni (n tirja, n umzruy, n wuflla). Nettat d aɣezdis n leɣnuj, d tamerzut deg uẓawan, d taneɣmast.
Tettɣennaj s Tmaziɣt, Taspanyut, Takaṭalant d Teglinzit. Aṭṭaṣ n iɣennijen-ines tesmun g-sen tnayen niɣ kṭar n yelsawn.
Zdat ma ad tebda aɣennej, ila txeddem d “dj” deg iklupen n uẓawan, amuk texdem ula deg usufeɣ n iɣennijen. Tettwaḥsab zi temɣarin timhajarin/timaziɣin timezgura i yudfen amaḍal n iklupen n llilet (club) ḥuma ad texdem d “dj” may tesskana leɣnuj Amaziɣ i yewdan. Manaya ittwaḥsab d ict n treẓẓi n ṭṭabu temɣar tecca x-s qabu s wawal n yewdan n Arrif.
Deg iɣennijen-ines, tetteydar bezzaf lejdud, ktar ci timɣarin d ḥeṭtu-nsent i tayyawin. Tessawal x uḥarreg, x tmukrisin n tudert, x tumert, x umqezzar jer n umaḍal Arifi d umaḍal Akaṭalan, amqezzar-a ittaɣen gi tudert n ccabab, uka ur ttifen ad kken amya ula d ammin. Ikram Boulum tebni amaḍal-ines s trezzut gi tmagit d umzruy Amaziɣ. Zi terẓa ṭṭabu, teksi gi tmijja ḥuma ad tewc isem i umqezzar adelsan mix nessiwel. Maca rid iweḍḍer-as ila bezzaf zeg imunas n waydud Arifi (amaknaw aḥarreg) ikki-dd zeg uḥewwas Aspanyu.
Zeg iɣennijen-ines: Lḥenni, Mayemmi, the game, … Abrid-a i tewwi, amuk teqqar isselmd-as ad tmṣalaḥ ag iẓewran-ines maca bla am ad deg-sen tefsi.
Zeg wawalen i nzemmer ad nsell deg iɣennijen-ines:
“Leɛmar iruḥ di lebḥar, lbḥar iraḥ ar ujenna
Ttuɣa hniɣ di lemraḥ, lexxu kulci iraḥ“
Ikram Tamazight
Ikram Tamaziɣt d ijjen telwizt-nneɣni deg iger n uɣennij Amaziɣ gi Kaṭalunya. Tettɣennaj s Tmaziɣt d Tespanyut d Teglinzit
Iɣennijen-ines deg-sen jjehd imɣar, tessawaḍ zzeg-sen tibratin d uxezzar d imaynuten. Nettat tettkel kṭar x ividyuklipen mani tewca amkan d ameqqran i warruḍ d tesfras d leɛwayd n Arrif amaknaw tamɣra.
Deg ifidyuten-ines, cerrkent tḥudriyin d tḥenjirin timeẓẓyanin. Ividyuten ccurent s tfawt d tudert, sskanan ibriden, tudrin , tizeɣwin, leɛwin.
Tesmun ula d nettat ikluṣa n uɣennej d uẓawan gi lxedmet-ines, issadaf aɣennij Arifi deg umaḍal n uẓawan n yiḍa. Maca tettkel x tmijja ktar zi ci nneɣni, Tmijja-ines d tmizdigt, tefsus x wul, amuk deg-s jjehd n wawaḍ ar wulawen n wi das-itteslan.
Ikram ula d nettat teddaḥa adaḥi d ameqqran x tmagit Tamaziɣt d Arrif. Zeg iɣennijen-ines “Arrif- inu”. Tessmɣur aṭṭas ula zi temɣart Tarifit i tettḥsab d lall n wenfas, issawḍen tadelsa n waydud.
Maca adaḥi ur das-ibbed ci deg ubrid ḥuma ad tewwet gi leɛwayed itteḍrran timɣarin amaknaw lemlak n bezzez. Ikram deg uɣennij-ines “Lḥenni” tettekkes aglaf x min dd-ittawi lemlak ur ibnin x tayri, s twlafin ttaɣent bezzaf gi bnadem. Amaknaw teqqa-aneɣ: ur tzemmrem ad txedmem lmunkar gi temɣarin s yisem n lḥenni. Zi min dd-yusin deg uɣennij-a:
Waxxa lḥenni izdig qbala, ur ismuni ulawn ur ttexsen ayawya.
Ula d nettat tetterra taynit deg iɣennijen-ines i umqezzar jer n iẓewran n tmurt d tudert tamaynut n tḥudriyin ilulen g Uruppa. Amqezzar-a tessawal x-s deg ijj n uɣennij qqaren-as “azgen”. Azgen n wemkan may ttafen tarwa n familiayt timhajarin, i ilulen g Uruppa.
“Ɣar Spanya ttwaṣnɛ gi Lmeɣrib, ɣar Lmeɣrib ttwaṣneɛ gi Spanya”
“Nec d azgen n wezgen, ur iqqim ddem i yezdigen”
Ikram deg uɣennij-a, temla-aneɣ tayri-ines tameqqrant i Tmaziɣt, tamaziɣt i tt-iwwin ad tini:
“Tmaziɣt aqa-t gi lxaṭar”
Amun nettaf-itt tbenni ijj n yimal-nneɣni immers x tlelli deg uxḍar n tudert. Tudert tilellit bla tayri tif tudert n wekraf ag tayri, i teqqar deg ijj n uɣennij-ines “Ul ilelli”. Zi min dd-yusin deg uɣennij-a:
“Ttxezzaren dag-i necc necc
War day-i zemmren ca
Xsen ad ayi-seḥssen
Mani neggur marra
Lḥub necc ur deg-s ttimneɣ ca
Ul inu bum bum bum
Rriɣ-tt d lmusiqa”
Xmi nettṣennat i uɣennij ikml, nettssen ila tayri mix teccat nettat d tayri-nni ittjiyyafen tamɣart, ur illin qqaɛ d tayri.
Deg Instagram-ines, niɣ gi Tik-tuk, tessmuna imeḍfaren d tmeḍfarin-ines x tmaziɣt s ijj n udaḥi d ameqqran.
Ikram Bulum d Ikram Tamazight wwtint s tarkelt tazwart, ṣṣurfent ɛdant s yiri d azegrar, ad derrɛent imal inwwc s usnflel d tlelli. Ttwaliɣ-tent d ijj n ccan d ameqqran i waydud Amaziɣ n Kaṭalunya. Baẓ i netnint.


text:
Tawilayt n Lemdeyya
Tawilayt n Lemdeyya d Tawilayt deg tmurt n Lezzayer. Zedɣen-tt 819 932 n yimezdaɣen. Ma d tajumma-ines tesɛa azal n 8 866 km². Tamanaɣt ines d tamdint n lemdeyya. Tawilayt-a tebḍa ɣef 19 n tdayriwin:
- Tadayra n Ɛin Busif (Ɛin Busif, Kaf Lexḍer, Sidi Damed, Leɛwinat, Wlad Meɛref)
- Tadayra n Ɛaziz (Ɛaziz, Derrag, Um Leǧlil)
- Tadayra n Bni Sliman (Bni Sliman, Sidi Rrbiɛ, Busken)
- Tadayra n Berwageyya (Berwageyya, Wlad Dayed, Rrebɛeyya)
- Tadayra n Ccehbuneyya (Ccehbuneyya, Buɛic, Buɣezzul)
- Tadayra n Cellalet Leɛdawra (Cellalet Leɛdawra, Cnigel, Tafrawt, Ɛin Leqṣir)
- Tadayra n Leɛzizeyya (Leɛzizeyya, Imeɣrawen, Mihub)
- Tadayra n Lɛumareyya (Lɛumareyya, Wlad Brahim, Beɛṭa)
- Tadayra n Lgelb Lekbir (Lgelb Lekbir, Sedraya, Bir Ben Ɛabed)
- Tadayra n Qṣer Lbuxari (Qṣer Lbuxari, Saneg, Mfatḥa)
- Tadayra n Lemdeyya (Lemdeyya, Draɛ Ssemmar, Tamezgida)
- Tadayra n Wamri (Wamri, Wad Ḥerbil, Ḥennaca)
- Tadayra n Wlad Ɛenṭer (Wlad Ɛenṭer, Wlad Hellal, Buɣar)
- Tadayra n Wezra (Wezra, Ḥemdaneyya, Benchicao (fr) , Tizi Mehdi)
- Tadayra n Seɣwan (Seɣwan, Meǧber, Zubireyya, Tlatet Dwayer)
- Tadayra n Si Lmeḥǧub (Si Lmeḥǧub, Buɛicun, Wlad Buɛecra)
- Tadayra n Sidi Neɛman (Sidi Neɛman, Bucraḥil, Xems Ǧwameɛ)
- Tadayra n Sswagi (Sswagi, Ǧwab, Sidi Zehhar, Sidi Zeyyan)
- Tadayra n Teblaḍt (Tablaḍt, Lɛisaweyya, Mezɣenna, Deux Bassins (fr) )


text:
Timziɣwawin
Timziɣwawin (Assaɣ ussnan: Eukaryote. Si tegrikt: «eu - eu = izil, ilha» yakked «kάpuov - karyon = aɣwaw») d tagrawt n yimuddiren ukrisen, ẓlin (ttumeyyzen) d akken tanga tajinumt yettilin deg-sen tessutel deg uɣwaw ittuɣellfen s ufrar, ma d teɣratin-is zzin-asen-d yifraren. Timziɣwawin tegber seg yimɣan d yiɣersiwen d wadalen akken i tga s umata d tugtakwat - s tmerniwt n kra n telmas yettusessemlen am tɣersmenziwin (Protozoa).
Aylanen n tekwatt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tikwatin n tmziɣwawin ugarent tikwatin n tmenzɣwawin (Prokaryota), akken ilant tisuddsin yugten seg yifraren isɣunanen igensanen isem-it-sent tigmanin (organelle).


text:
D awal iteddun yal ass di tmurt n Lezzayer, gar wid iḥemmlen tamurt-nsen, mačči d aselqem ɣef uberraḥ n unekcum n ikarrusen « moins de 3 ans » !
Ulac win ur nefriḥ mi yesla iffeɣ-d win/tin ittwarzen ɣef tlelli, ɣef izerfan, ɣef tmurt-is akken ad tili d tamurt s ccan-is gar tmura.
Maca, tuttra tamezwarut : ayɣer, iwacu yettwaṭṭef wa neɣ win, neɣ tin acku ikcem annar n tsertit akken ad ibeddel wudem n tmurt, netta/nettat ur issers lbumbat, ur isserɣ taɣiwant neɣ aɣerbaz, ur yukir, ur iwwit, ur inɣi ?
D adabu kan i izemren ad d-yerr awal i tuttra.
Ar ass-a, yiwen/yiwet seg wid i yettwaṭṭfen ur iffiɣ tilisa n tugdut, nnig taruẓi n tebwaṭ n tafrent neɣ adegger n wurfan i yettilin di yal tamurt tamagdayt i yernan ccan i tugdut. Awal akked tira, mačči d wid i d abrid n trebrabt !
Ma d tamsalt n timenɣit n Djamal Bensmaïl di Larbaâ n At Iraten, d tawaɣit nniḍen ; azekka, ad d-tban tidett akken tella.
Di tallit deg Izzayriyen ggunin leǧwab sɣur udabu, ma yusa-d (sic!), nezmer ad nger tamuɣli ɣer imedyaten i yellan deg umaḍal, di tsertit neɣ di yal annar nniḍen. Din, illa yiwen ubrid irgel, ur issuffuɣ, gan-as isem s yal tutlayt : « on ne gère pas un pays, une administration, une entreprise… par le stress ! » (1).
Akka, d ayen ittwassnen, d tirmit/expérience di tmura, d abrid ittawin kan ɣer twaɣit.
Adabu i yekkaten ass-a akken ad iger deg yiwet teylut imeɣnasen n talwit i tugdut akked izerfan, akked imeɣnasen n taârabt-tinneslemt (FIS, GIA, GSPC, AQMI, RACHAD…) i yesnekren ṭṭrad i tmurt nnig 10 iseggasen, ur yuɣ abrid ilhan akken ad d-ters talwit di tmurt, acku talwit ad d-ters kan s ibeddi n izerfan n yal Azzayri, anda yebɣu yili, di yal tiɣmert n tmurt neɣ berra n tmurt.
Tasertit n usexreb, tin n ‘’ewwet akka ternuḍ akkin’’ d aɣilif kan ara d-ternu.
Tasertit-nni tezmer ad tdum tallit, maca ad d-yifrir usekkak-is : tekkat kan ad teṭṭef ‘’système’’ ibedd, winna i yessawḍen tamurt ɣer liḥala n wass-a.
Ihi, ad tbeddel neɣ ad neqqim kan di berru n tuyat n « nous reproduisons l’échec en permanence » (Abderrahmane Hadj-Nacer, El Watan, 5/08/2011) ?
Aumer U Lamara
Timerna / Notes.
1) « Ur izmir yiwen ad iseddu tamurt, tadbelt neɣ yal tazdit/takebbanit s stress, tigdi akked uqeẓẓul nnig uqerru n yal yiwen ».


text:
Aɣrda n Bariz (film)
Aɣrda n Bariz (s yism nns anṣli s tnglizt : Ratatouille) iga yan lfilm tskrt carika n Pixar d Wald Disney Pictures. Ɣwad aygan ufilm wis tam ad tsfɣ Pixar, yura tt d ibidd f usufɣ nns ssi Brad Bird. Iffuɣ d ufilm ad ɣ ammas n tidaliwin n sinima ɣ usggwas n 2007.
Afilm ad ar isawal f lqist n yan uɣrda, iga s yism Kzmin. Ikka-tt-inn izdɣ ɣ yan udwar ɣ tmazirt n Fransa ntta d tawja nns imqqurn nna ɣ llan tugt n iɣrdayn yaḍn. Mac ran laqdar ad disn ingiri iftu s ammas n tmdint n Bariz. Ɣin aɣ imaqqar d yan ufrux iɣama dis ɣ tgmmi nns ar t ittaws ula ɣ twuri nns ɣ ammas n unwal n yan resto bahra ittawssan ɣ tuẓẓumt n Bariz.


text:
Draɛ Ben Xedda
Draɛ Ben Xedda (Mirabeau deg tallit tahrest taṛumit), d taɣiwant tazzayrit n twilayt n Tizi Uzzu, deg Tmurt n Leqbayel tella ar 11 km deg umalu n Tizi Uzzu dɣa ar aqrib 90 km deg ugmuḍ n Zzayer.
Tarakalt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Azerzay d tamanarut[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ansakal n taɣiwant yetwezzi deg ugafa s Asif n Sabaw dɣa yetwezger sɣur [Asif bwagdur]] deg tama-s tamalut.
Asideg[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Taɣiwant n Draɛ Ben Xedda tella deg umalu n twilayt n Tizi Uzzu.
Tudrin n tɣiwant[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Taɣiwant n Draɛ Ben Xedda tesɛa 13 tudrin[1] :
- Ɛin Fasi
- Buyadif
- Laɛrasi
- Draɛ Ben Xedda
- Ferɛun
- Leɛzib Taǧwimat
- Iferḥaten
- Iɣil Azeggwaɣ
- Ixerbucen
- Muldiwan
- Iɣzer Ufali (Asif Fali)
- Leɛzib Fali
- Twares
Amezruy[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Mirabeau d alemmas n tasehrest, lbenyan ines yettweɣtes ass n 24 fuṛaṛ 1884 sɣur anabaḍ amatu n Lezzayer. Amarud n 31 014 700 francs yettwefk i usenfar agi.
Timselɣa[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ Aɣmis unṣib n Tagduda Tazzayrit, 19 dujamber 1984. Tanaḍt n° 84-365, yettsbeḍen tasuddest ines. Tawilayt n Tizi Uzzu, p. 1504 à 1510.


text:
Xadija bintu Xuwaylid
Xadija illis n Xuwaylid bnt Asad taquraycit tlul ɣ 68 dat.hi tmmut 3 dat.hi (556 m - 620 m) tga ymmas n imumnen d tamzwarut zɣ timɣarin n urqqas Muḥammad taẓallit n rbbi fllas d ymmas n kul tarwa nns war arraw nns Ibrahim, tddr Xadija d urqqas ɣ uzmz n zɣ dat n Lbiɛta tanabawit , tkkatin ar tsḥussu s nnubuwa n urgaz nns, tkkatin ar ttɛtana s tigmmi nns d tarwa nns, ar ttsiyyr tirkafin n tsbbabt, ar tḥyyal i urqqas Muḥammad aynna ira ɣ ufuɣ nns s ifri n ḥara, d lliɣ ysggiz rbbi lwaḥy nns f urqqas , tga Xadija tamzwarut zɣ win tyumen , tdda sis s arraw n ɛmmis n Waraqa Bn Nufa nna ybccrt mas iga urqqas tumast, tga tamzwarut zɣ win yumnen s urqqas zɣ irgazn d tmɣarin , d tamzwarut nna yttuḍḍan d tẓẓul, tɣimi dffir maya tṣbṛ d urqqas ɣ iskrkisn n qurayc d taɛaddu nns f imuslmn, ar ma ylla lḥiṣar n Qurayc f Bani Hacim d Bani Almuṭṭalib ɣ cciɛab n Abi Ṭalib, tltaḥq s urgaz nns ɣ cciɛab, tzzri ma yzzri Banu Hacim zɣ laẓ d waṭṭan nig kraḍ isggasn, dffir ma yfukk ufrag f urqqas n rbbi d win dis yllan tuḍn Xadija. Tmmut Xadija dffir tamttant n ɛmmis n urqqas Abi Ṭalib n Ɛabd Lmuṭṭalib s kraḍ wussan.
Tiɣbula[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Asuɣl zɣ Wikipidya s tamaziɣt tanawayt


text:
Addyabiṭṭ
Addyabiṭ niɣ-d tamaḍunt n ṣṣkkaṛ ɣ idammn iga yat trabut n tmuḍan amiṭabuliyyn lliɣ ar yaqʷlay unck n uglikuẓ ɣ idammn uggar n nnurmal ɣ yat trdast iɣzzifn n uzmz. Tamaḍunt ad tga yan umntil bahra imqqurn ɣ ubukḍ, imukrisn ɣ twuri n wul ula tgẓḍal tẓḍṛ akkʷ a tlkm usukf n iḍaṛn.
Anawn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
llan kṛaḍ wanawn mqqurnin n waṭṭan ad:
- Addyabiṭ anaw amzwaru, ɣwad ar bahra ittggr i iɛyyaln mẓẓiynin d iɛrrimn, ar yaddu ɣ yan lɛmr azayku ɣ tudrt n ufgan, fkan-as ayt igr assaɣ n uddyabiṭṭ ibiddn f wansulin.
- Addyabiṭ anaw wis sin (ɣwad a kullu iggutn dar middn issugr dar 90% ar 95% n imuḍan n uddyabiṭ)
- Addyabiṭ agistasyuniy (win xtilli llant s uḥlig).


text:
ttelVB [ttel]
enrouler, emmailloter; langer
Flexions ttelitettel tettlen ttel yettel ttlen ittil ttilen tettleɣ ttettlem ttleɣ tettlem tettileḍ tettilem ittlen ttettel tettlent ttlet ittel ttlent tettil ttilent ttettleḍ ttettlemt tettleḍ tettlemt yettil tettilemt tettlet ntettel itettlen ttlemt tettel ttileɣ nettil yettlen
Sources ttel
- BOUAMARA Kamel, Issin : Asegzawal n teqbaylit s teqbaylit, Editions l'Odyssée, Tizi-Ouzou, 2010
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982
Phrases avec le mot ttel
Inteq wemɣar n taddart, iṭṭef deg ufus-is iflu d aɣezfan, yettel umendil fell-as .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]
Mi d ifuk awal Dda Bujemaɛ, yettel yiles dayen .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]
Yufa d iman-is issel, ittel deg wbernus-is, nnig-s d aẓru, ɣer yeffus d aẓru, ɣer zelmeḍ d aẓru .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]
Mi yewweḍ ɣer dinna tameddit n wass, ikcem ɣer lǧamaɛ, yettel deg wbernus-is yeqqim dinna ad yens .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]


text:
Mbaɛ mi tɣab sin n yiseggasen-aya ɣef ssebba n waṭan Covid-19, ha-tt-an tuɣal-d Ṛreḥaba n udlis n Bujimaɛ s Tezrigt-is tis 6, ussan 20, 21 d 22 deg maggu yezrin. Aṭas n yimura, imsaragen d tezrigin i iḥeḍren asehar-agi anda i d-rzan wayen din n lɣaci seg yal tama, ama seg lwilaya n Tizi Uzzu neɣ seg lwilayat-nniḍen, yecban Bgayet, Tubiret, Bumerdas, Lezzayer tamanaɣt, Sṭif, Wehra…atg. Deg temlilit-a, llan isaragen, asenzi s ubuddu, temsikniyin d wayen-nniḍen. Ma ɣef Ṛreḥba s timmad-is, nnan-d : Madjid Oumniya (amaru) : ‘’tazrigt-agi, d ayen yessefraḥen mliḥ mliḥ, a lukan yal taɣiwant ad tesɛu tazrigt am tagi.
Ad ilint aṭas deg useggas, axater adlis yettnuzu s leɛqel. Mi ara taruḍ adlis u ad yeqqim sin neɣ tlata n yiseggasen i wakken ad yenz kra seg-s, yessefcal bab-is. Syin, aṭas ur nezmir ara ad arun. Llan ɛad wid ifecclen. M d Yahia Bellil (imeɣri seg Bgayet), yenna : ‘’Ass-a, rziɣ ɣer rreḥba n udlis n Bujimaɛ. Ufiɣ dinna tagnit teemer. Muggreɣ imeddukkal n umennuɣ, imura i ssneɣ d wid ur ssineɣ, uɣeɣ-d idliden-nsen s lferḥ. Rrehba-a, txulef tiyaḍ: ggten yimzuṛen, yerna ulac tili n udabu. D timlilit n uɣref i tɣuri. Sḥassfeɣ imi ur n-qqimeɣ ara ɣer usarag n umeddakkel-iw Remḍan Lasheb. Abrid n tuɣalin ɣezzif yerna ilaq ad d-kecmeɣ.
Mazal lxir ar zzat! Ma d tamuɣli n Yahia Yanes (Tizrigin Planétaire) d ta : tazrigt-agi d tis 6, mačči am tid iɛeddan. Tid yezrin, ttilint-d deg waggur n yebrir anda mazal lɣaci qqaren, yettili umbiwel. Ma d tura seg Covid-19 ar da, ixus lbiɛ.
H.Moula


text:
Zik neqqar win yebghan tamazight, ad yissin
tira-s
Ass-a neqqar win yebghan tamazight, ad tt-yaru
Tigejdit :
Azul fell-awen ay atmaten d teysetmatin
Tikwal, uqbel
ma ted'ra-d kra n twaghit, medden ma temmeslayed'-asen fell-as, ad tt-nwun d awezghi ad d-ted'ru, seg wakken taghawsa-nni
tettban-asen-d teb‚ed ghef tilawt (rt'alitt'), seg wakken ur zmiren ara ad xaylen tawaghit meqqren am tin tezmer ad d-tili di
tudert-a. D acu kan, aql-agh nettidir deg yiwen n wemd'al i deg kulci yezmer ad yed'ru, kulci nezmer ad t-nwali, d amd'al
i deg awezghi yettughal d taghawsa n menwala, di lweqt i deg ss'wab akk d lh'eq ttughalen d awezghi. Di tmura n Tmazgha, yiwen
ur yezmir ad yenker' azal ay tes‚a timmuzgha, ama seg yidis n umezruy, ama seg yidis n yedles, ama seg yidis n tnettit (identitt'),
ama seg n tudert ara tt-ttidiren medden ass-a. Tamazgha akka ay tt-id-yefka R'ebbi, d Tamazight, ad bghun medden negh ad agin,
yernu timmuzgha yezzwer-itt lh'al uqbel n yidelsan akken ma llan akken d ad taf amkan-is deg wakal-is. Yella win yes‚an axxam
ur yettalas deg-s ? negh win yes‚an arraw-! is, ad as-ten-kksen u ad ten-nekr'en d akken yines ? Anect-a yettban-agh-d d awezghi,
maca di tmura n Tmazgha, d awezghi ay yughalen d ss'wab, yernu lumur' atenti teddunt amzun acemma ur illi. Di lweqt i deg
Ldzayer attan tewwet nneh', tesme‚req tes‚uzz'eg, ur teqqen allen-is ghef wayen ay d-tewwi ad t-texdem s lh'ir akken ad tesselmed
tamazight deg ugherbaz u ad tt-sseddu tutlayt-a di ttawilat n teywalt (communications), tamurt n Merr'uk tefren ad d-tesse‚jel
lumur' u ad t‚eddi gher leqdic i yes tessaram ad temh'u yis-s tamazight. Buuh, buuh ... akken d rr'ay !!! Di tmurt i deg llan
kra qqaren-d d akken tuget (tt'aqa) akk di medden ttmeslayen tamazight, di tmurt yugaren akk timura deg wanect tes‚a d Imazighen,
llan kra ssaramen ad as-qed'‚en nnefs i tmazight u ad tt-nghen s tin n tsusmi. D acu kan, amek ay zemren ad as-bernen i tmazight
tamgerd't di tmurt i deg yal az'ru d yal asaglu (ttcejr'a) yettmeslay s tmazight ? Amek i bghan ad xenqen tamazight di tmurt
i deg llan wat'as n Yimazighwalen (amazighophones) akk deg wemd'al ? Amek ara ssiwd'en ad nghen tamazight di tmurt i deg maci
ala kan d imdanen ay yettmeslayen tutlayt-a, wanag ula d akal yettmeslay-itt, imi yal adrar, yal taddart, yal ighzer d yal
lexla yes‚a isem s tmazight ? Am win yebghan ad yessired afus n wakli, ad as-ibeddel ini (llun), wanag, tamazight ay yessawd'en
ad tidir anect-agi akk n leqrun mebla ma yessared-itt umezruy, ur d-mazal icenga-yines (i‚dawen-is) ad s‚un lmizan fell-as
deg wakal n Merr'uk. Tutlayt-nnegh attan a tetteh'diqir, a tettewliwil akken ad d-teffegh seg uz'ekka i s-ghzen wiyad' (yernu
d wigad-is a tawaghit), akken ad tt-med'len nettat tedder. Ass-a, arraw n Merr'uk ur qbilen ara tagi ad ternu ad t‚eddi fell-asen,
yernu atni a d-ttenkaren akken ad d-inin "tewwed' tkerza s ah'did". Xas tamazight attan ghef yiri n tmattant (lmut), simmal
rennun tezz'un-as aqerru yicenga-yines di yal amkan, attan a d-tettankar dderya ara tt-id-icaf‚en seg uz'ekka, u ad tt-id-terr
! s annar akken tella zik-nni. Xas mmuten lejdud, mazal akal yecfa, yernu yettmeslay. Ass-a negh azekka, adennit ad d-tughal
tidet s amkan-is di Merr'uk, ad rrz'en yicenga n tmazight deg wawal-nsen u ad qeblen tamazight-nni ay ker'hen acku attan tella
deg wakal-is, yernu ula d akal-is d tamazight ay yettmeslay. Maca digh, d akal yecfan ghef tutlayt ayen ara d-yessakayen Imazighen
n Ldzayer, wid n Unez'ruf Ameqqran (Sahara), wid n Libya akk d wid n Tegzirin Tiknar'iyin akken ad d-gren tighri ula d nitni
u ad ssutren ad as-d-yughal i tmurt wayen i deg tettalas. Deg wat'as n yimukan n Tmazgha, xas tewwed' tmazight alammi temh'a
d ayen, mazal llan yismawen n yemd'iqen, "awal n wakal" umi nezmer ad nsel di yal amkan, dgha xas icenga ssawd'en ad mh'un
medden s lekmal-nsen, anza n wakal mazal yettant'aq-d, awal n lejdud mazal yeqqar aql-i da. Tah'eqranit ay ih'eqqaren ur tettr'uh'um
ara yis-s gher meb‚id imi ccer'-nwen iban, yettwakcef-d, wanag at lh'eq yezgan ttaghen tiyitiwin, tsusumen, a! dennit (labudd)
ad rebh'en, xas akken tikli, teddun kan s le‚qel : tiqit n waman d aman, maca tfellu az'ru. D acu kan, ilaq ad neste‚ber'
digh ula d nekni seg wanect-a. Lemmer maci d lejdud-nnegh i gh-d-yeddjan ismawen i wakal-nnegh, tili ass-a ur nz'er d akken
si zik n zik ay d agh-t-id-h'err'en. Ma nsemmeh' di tmazight ass-a, nr'ebba-d arraw-nnegh nerra-ten d wid yettun iles n tjaddit,
imenghi-nnegh ad ir'uh' bat'el, am win d-yeddjan akal i warraw-is, ughalen wigi zzenzen-t s wulac, ur ddjin las'el ad ikemmel.
Tamazight tella, tella ... maca awfan ad ilin Yimazighen-nni i yes ara tili. Ayen yebghu iga-t ucengu i tutlayt-nnegh, ur
tnegger ara, ma yebgha R'ebbi, yernu skud nessway iz'uran, tamurt-nnegh, Tamazgha, dima ad teqqim d tamazight.
IMEDYAZEN
TIBRATIN-NWEN
Amed Lachgar, Kalifur'nya, Iwunak
Yedduklen n Temrikt (USA)
Azul fell-awen
a tagmat, Tanemmirt ghef teghmist-nna d-teggam, tfulki at'as, tessusem-iyi s ur-d imikk ... nekk d Amazigh n iffus (Sud) [anz'ul]
n Merr'uk, teddregh di Marikan tura ... macc righ (bghigh) ad awen-inigh mas (belli) taghmist-agi (ad) ilaq ad as akk nawes
(n‚iwen) af ad telkem kigan (at'as) n yimadanen akk g izelmed' n Friqia (Afrique du Nord) [Tafriqt n Ugafa]. Tikklit yad'en
(nnid'en) tanemmirt at'as ... afus g afus ad nettara s tutlayt-nnegh.
Tiririt : Tanemmirt
ghef tebrat-inek, nefr'eh' yis-s at'as yernu nekni nh'emmel mi ara dagh-d-arun atmaten-nnegh s tmazight, imi ghur-negh, d
tamazight d nettat ay d tutlayt n Yimazighen u yis-s kan ay d-tewwi ad ttarun (...) Nebgha (...) ad nerr tamazight d tutlayt
tatrart (moderne) i yes nezmer ad nessiwel ghef kulci, d tutlayt ara yennernin gher sdat u ad d-tecbu tutlayin merr'a. Taghmist-nnegh
nebgha ad nesselh'u yis-s ilugan (rŤgles) n tira n tmazight, ad asen-nessigh tanumi (habituer) i medden akken ad qqaren tutlayt-nsen
u ad tt-sseqdacen di tira. Am wakken ay nebgha digh ad tili teghmist-nnegh d tin ara d-yesnejma‚en akk Imazighen, anda ma
llan, akken ad ttmeslayen (ssawalen) wagar-asen tamazight, akken ad qedcen u ad xemmen ghef wamek ara sduklen tutlayt-nsen
u ad d-meslen (forger, faÁonner) tamazight n uzekka, tamazight tizeght (standard) ara fehhmen akk watmaten-nnegh anda ma llan.
At'as n watmaten-nnegh ay gh-d-yettarun si Merr'uk, yernu at'as deg-sen ay d agh-d-yettarun s tmazight-nnegh ‚zizen u ssefr'ah'en-agh-d,
qqaren-agh-d d akken fehmen ayen ay nettaru s tentala-nnegh (dialecte) n Tmurt n Yezwawen (Leqbayel). Nekni numen d akken
(belli) tamazight tezmer ad teddukel, maca (mais) ilaq d nekni, d arraw-is, ara ixedmen ghef waya. Lemmer (lukan) ad nettemyaru
s tmazight wagar-anegh, ad d-yawed' wass, ma yebgha R'ebbi, i deg ara teddukel tmazight, yernu d atmaten akka am kenwi ara
yeddjen aya ad d-yili, ncalleh. Tanemmirt-ik a gma. Afud igerrzen (bon courage). Ar timlilit ma yebgha R'ebbi. Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen
Assenger n Yiserwen* n Tasmanya
*AborigŤnes
Sghur Runoko Rashidi*
[Aqeddem : Tasmanya
d yiwet n tegzirt talemmast, tuzga-d deg wenz'ul agmud'an (sud-est) n Ustr'alya. Tigzirt-agi, am Ustr'alya, imdanen ines'liyen
ay tt-izedghen, wwd'en-d ghur-s d igiman (milliers) n yiseggasen ayaka, tugh, ar ass-a ur z'rin ara yimassanen (savants) melmi
swaswa. Imezdaghen-agi umi qqaren "iserwen" negh "ines'liyen" (wid ay d-ilulen di tmurt-a), d iberkanen n weglim, d iwanaghen
n wallen, yernu s‚an ansayen (traditions) d imer'kantiyen. Tutlayin-nsen ala kan di tmura-nsen ay tent-ttmeslayen, yernu s‚an
yiwet n tmusni meqqren ama ghef umezruy n wegdud-nsen, ama ghef win tmurt-nsen akk d wayen yettidiren deg-s. Maca, asmi ay
d-wwd'en Wur'ufiyen (Europt'ens) gher Ustr'alya akk d Tasmanya, beddlent mlih' lumur', ama ghef yemdanen n tmura-ya, ama ghef
wayen yettidiren deg-sent. Ur'ufiyen, mi walan imdanen-agi mgerraden (mxallafen) fell-asen at'as, ur ten-cuban di ss'ifa,
wala deg wansayen, wala di tutlayt, bdan Wur'ufiyen "ad ten-tts'eggiden" akken tts'eggiden ighersiwen, negh bitt kter'. Imellalen
h'ur'ben Iserwen n Ustr'alya deg wakal-nsen, dgha maci ala kan d tamurt i bghan ad asen-tt-kksen, wanag ula d kar'uh, ker'hen-ten,
yernu ulac tin ur sen-xdimen. Ma di Tasmanya, akken nnid'en. Di tegzirt-agi ibe‚den ay yellan d yiwet si tmura tineggura akk
i gher ara yawed' wemdan amellal, yezre‚ deg-s axess'ar meqqren, akken ay t-yezre‚ di Temrikt, asmi ay yessenger ach'al d
taqbilt n Yihendiyen, akken ay t-yezre‚ di Tefriqt taberkant i seg yella yettawi-d aklan akken ad ten-issexdem bat'el u s
lbat'el deg wakal ibe‚den ghef tmurt-nsen. Akka ihi ay irad wemdan amellal ad yezre‚ nnger ula deg wakal aneggaru i gher ara
yawed'. Imezdaghen n Tasmanya, xas di citt'ah' deg-sen ay llan, xedmen deg-sen Wur'ufiyen yiwen n lbat'el, werdjin t-gin deg
wab‚ad' n yegduden nnid'en deg wemd'al (ddunit). Tidet n wayen ay sen-yed'ran, n wayen ay sen-xedmen Yimellalen, xas tettaqrah'
alammi d ayen kan, xa! s llant deg-s tighawsiwin ur yezmir le‚qel ad tent-yamen, d tighawsiwin yessexla‚en, ameskar (auteur)
n wed'ris ay d awen-d-nefren ass-a, Mass Runoko Rashidi, yefren ad d-yessiwel tidet akken tella, akken ay tt-yufa deg umezruy.
Ula d nekni nefren ad tt-id-nessiwel i wid ur tt-nez'ri ara akken tella, ad tt-id-nessuqel akken tt-nufa, xas akken ur nugh
ara tanumi nettmeslay-d ghef tghawsiwin yessedhacen am tigi s tutlayt-nnegh tucbih't. Xas imezdaghen ines'liyen n Tasmanya
negren, negrent tutlayin-nsen, negren wansayen-nsen, wwin yid-sen akk ayen s‚an d tamusni, tidet, xas qessh'et, ad tt-id-nessiwel
akken ad tt-issinen medden u ad d-teqqim di ccfawat n umezruy. Yugh lh'al, ula d nekni nes‚a atmaten umi yed'ra wayen d asen-yed'ran
i Yitasmaniyen : Imazighen n Tegzirin Tiknar'iyin ay snegren Spenyul, sakin, citt'-nni ay d-yeqqimen, yexdem akk udabu aspenyuli
ayen umi yezmer akken ad ten-yemd'el nitni ddren. Tugh, at'as ara d-nelmed seg wemd'al-a, awi-d kan ad nkemmel assekfel. Afud
igerrzen.]
At'as n medden,
mi ara d asen-d-nebder isem n Tasmanya, ttmektayan-d aghersiw-nni (animal) aweh'ci itetten kulci, win umi qqaren "ccit'an
n Tasmanya", ay yughalen mechur' deg wunughen iteddun (dessins animt's) imarikaniyen. Di tidet, Tasmanya d yiwet n tegzirt
ay yugaren kan s cwitt' Virginia Tagherbit [di Marikan, imi Tasmanya tes‚a 67.000 km2] yernu teb‚ed 240 km ghef yiri n lebh'er'
n wenz'ul agmud'an (sud-est) n Ustr'alya. Imezdaghen ines'liyen n tegzirt-a d iberkanen ay d-yusan gher din asmi ay d-mazal
Tasmanya yeqqen-itt wakal akk d Ustr'alya, meh'sub wer‚ad tughal d tigzirt. Iberkanen ines'liyen n Tasmanya llan s‚an acebbub
akertcettcay yernu llan deg-sen wid yes‚an aglim d aberkan d wid yes‚an aglim d aqehwi imalen gher tezwegh. Llan d iwezlanen
citt'ah' yernu d ikenderracen (s‚an citt' n tassemt di tfekka, wwin-d iman-nsen). D nitni ay d imezdaghen imenza akk n Tasmanya,
yernu ma cwit', s‚an 35000 n yiseggasen aya! kka seg wasmi ay bdan yimezwura-nsen a d-wwd'en gher din. Asmi i‚edda zzman,
yuli lebh'er' yernu ighumm tiqent'ert-nni n wakal ay yeqqnen Tasmanya gher Ustr'alya, dgha seg yimir-n ay qqimen yimezdaghen
n Tasmanya ttwa‚ezlen ghef wemd'al azal n 10.000 n yiseggasen, yernu werdjin yelli wegdud ay yeddren i yiman-is anect-agi
akk deg umezruy n yemdanen.
Nesh'issif at'as
imi imezdaghen n Tasmanya ur d-ddjin ara amezruy yuran. Ur nez'ri ara amek ay llan ssawalen i yiman-nsen negh i tmurt-nsen.
Ay gh-d-yeqqimen seg-sen ass-a ala kan d iceqfan mezz'iyen n yisallen, d ifettiten kan n yedrizen (traces) akk d wayen d-uran
Wur'ufiyen ay yebdan ttawd'en-d gher tegzirt-a si 1642 d asawen.
Iberkanen di Tasmanya :
Iserwen n Tasmanya
llan d imdanen yettidiren s ss'yada akk d welqad' n wayen i d-yettak wakal akk d ttcjur', yernu ttawil ay sseqdacen di tudert-nsen
d ah'erfi imi Itasmaniyen llan xeddmen-d kan citt'ah' n wallalen (instruments) d ih'erfiyen s wez'ru akk d wesghar, yernu
llan ur ssinen tafellah't wala takessawt, ur s‚in afexxar wala tigenziwin (arcs) d tneccabin (flŤches) ara sqedcen i ss'yada.
D acu kan,
iberkanen n Tasmanya llan d wid yesqe‚den mlih' timetti-nsen (socit'tt'), dgha llan ttidiren s yinim (coutume). Ghur-sen, argaz
akk d tmett'ut d jjwadj ay ten-yesdukulen di tudert, dgha ttidiren akken di tmetti. Anect-a yezmer ad agh-yeddj ad nxemmem
d akken d imawlan ay yettd'ebbiren deg-s, maca di tidet, ur nessin ara at'as n tghawsiwin ghef temsalt-a.
Ghef wakken nessen, argaz akk d tmett'ut mi ara jewdjen ghur-sen, ttghimin akken alamma s teghzi
n tudert-nsen, yernu qlil kan sandi ay yettagh wergaz ghur-sen ugar n yiwet n tmett'ut. Igerdan-nsen llan ttabdaden-asen mlih'
yernu ttaken-asen at'as n tayri. Ula d imgharen llan thellayen deg-sen di twacult yernu igerdan-nsen ttkemmilen tett'd'en
seg uyefki n yemma-tsen ugar n wanect tett'd'en yigerdan Ur'ufiyen.
Beddu n nnger n yiberkanen :
A‚zal-nni ay
ttwa‚ezlen Yiserwen n Tasmanya ifuk di 1642, asmi ay d-wwd'en Wur'ufiyen imezwura gher tegzirt-agi. Abel Jansen Tasman, ahulandi-nni
imsilel (navigateur) i ghef semman tigzirt-agi, yewwed'-d ghur-s di Dujember' n 1642. Tasman isemma-yas i tegzirt-agi Akal
n Van Diemen, ghef yisem n Anthony Van Diemen, imd'ebber ameqqran n Tkebbanit Tahulandit di Lhend Tacerqit. Dgha seg yimir-n
ay tughal tegzirt-agi ssawalen-as Akal n Van Diemen alammi d 1855.
Deg wass n 5
Meghres, 1772, tewwed'-d yiwet n terba‚t n Yefr'ensisen gher tegzirt-a, win yellan ghef uqerru-nsen isem-is Nicholas Marion
Du Fresne. Di citt'ah' kan n sswaye‚, ssawd'en yewlalen-is (marins) ad nghen ach'al n Yiserwen n Tasmanya. Di 28 Yennayer,
1777, wwd'en-d Yebrit'aniyen gher tegzirt-a. Dgha di 1803, mbe‚d ma rran yiwet n tama di Ustr'alya, Gal Tamaynut n Wenz'ul
(Nouvelle-Galles du Sud) d tama i gher neffun imeh'bas n tmurt-nsen akken ad ten-qasen, rnan ula d Tasmanya rran-tt akkenni.
Imeh'bas-nni
yer'wan lh'if ughalen ula d nitni we‚r'en maci d kra. Gher tama n yiserdasen, inedbalen (administrateurs) akk d yemseghdaden
(missionnaires), ugar n 65.000 n yergazen akk d tilawin, d imeh'bas akk d tmeh'bas, ay d-wwin si Legliz gher Tasmanya. D acu
kan, imi di tkurmutin-nni (leh'bas) i gher ay ten-id-wwin ur teqwi ara t‚essast, llan ttaddjan imeh'bas-nni ad rewlen gher
lexlawi n Tasmanya, dgha d anect-nni ay yeddjan imdanen-agi ifuden idammen ad d-ssuffghen tiqqid't n wefwad-nsen deg yimezdaghen
iberkanen n tegzirt-agi. Ghef leh'sab n unmezray (historien) n tmetti, Clive Turnbull, imenghayen-agi (criminels) llan "neqqen
Iserwen n Tasmanya s rrs'as', am wakken ay llan ttfelliqen-asen iqerray-nsen, sserghayen-ten d imuddiren yernu ttqeddiren-ten
akken ad ten-fken d aksum i yid'an".
Ccwat'en n Tasmanya igan amzun d imdanen
:
Si 1804 d asawen,
bdan Yebrit'aniyen a neqqen iberkanen n Tasmanya d tirni negh a ten-ttakren akken ad ten-rren d aklan. Ula d anabad' (gouvernement)
abrit'ani s timmad-is ur yebghi ara ad iwali Itasmaniyen ines'liyen d imdanen n tidet, yernu imassanen bdan, di tallit-nni,
a ttmeslayen d akken tagherma (civilisation) ts'eggmen imdanen d iswiren (niveaux), dgha, di lweqt i deg d Imellalen ay yellan
ghef taqacuct n tgherma, iberkanen amkan-nsen d win yellan ukessar akk. Ur'ufiyen n Tasmanya llan ttwalin iberkanen d tighawsiwin
is'elh'en kan akken ad tent-sqedcen i les'lah'-nsen s wacemma n rr'eh'ma --dgha lbat'el i d-yed'ran yid-sen d ayen ur yezmir
ad t-ixayel wab‚ad' d akken zemren ad t-xedmen yemdanen i wiyad'. Dgha yenna-d deg wanect-a yiwen n uselmad di UCLA*, Jared
Diamond : "Akken ad d-s'eggden Itasmaniyen, llan [Wur'ufiyen] ttazzalen
deffir-nsen s yegmaren (i‚ewdiwen) akken ad ten-nghen s rrs'as', ttandin-asen ticr'ektin (tifexxtin) akken ad ten-tt'fent,
yernu srusuyen-asen lfar'ina n ssem anda ay zemren ad tt-afen u ad tt-ttcen. Imeksawen llan teddzen (castrer) irgazen Itasmaniyen,
sakin berrun-asen ad azzlen akken ad ten-walin mi ara mmten citt'ah' meb‚id. Ma deg yiwet n tighilt, qqaren-as Mount Victory,
imennekcamen nghan 30 n Yitasmaniyen yernu d'eggren tifekkiwin-nsen d takessart. Yiwwas, yiwet n terba‚t n yemsulta (policiers)
nghan 70 n Yitasmaniyen yernu fellqen-asen iqerray-nsen i yigerdan-nni i d-yeqqimen". [*UCLA : University of California, Los Angeles]
Tighawsiwin-agi
icemten, tiweh'ciyin ay llan xeddmen-tent yimennekcamen imellalen deg Yitasmaniyen maci yiwwas, maci sin ay d-d'rant wanag
d anect-a ay yellan id'erru-d yal ass. Yernu xas akken imellalen ra‚en, ttcan ddunit deg wayen xeddmen mgal n yiberkanen,
qlil kan sandi ay ttqasan amellal ghef lbat'el ara yes‚eddi deg uberkan. Ghef umedya, h'kan-d d akken yiwwas yettwah'bek (fouetter)
yiwen n wergaz imi ay d-yessken imezz'ughen akk d yeh'ricen nnid'en n tfekka n yiwen n weqdic aberkan ay i‚eyyeb netta yedder.
Ma d yiwen n Ur'ufi nnid'en, yettuweddeb (punir) imi ay s-yegzem tad'ad'ect-is i yiwen n Wesrew yernu yerra-tt d tas'effayt
i ddexxan-yines. Dgha lqanun yenna-d d akken "win ara yeqqnen tamett'ut tatasmanit gher ttcejr'a u ad tt-yessergh s usaghur
negh win ara ih'ettmen tamett'ut tatasmanit ad t‚elleq aqerru n wergaz-is yettwanghan" ad t-h'ebken xemsa d ‚ecrin n yiberdan.
D acu kan,
wedjin yettuweddeb ula d yiwen n Wur'ufi ghef tmenghiwt n Yiserwen n Tasmanya. Ur'ufiyen ur llin tth'ulfun i wacemma mi ara
qqnen argaz aberkan gher ttcejr'a yernu ad t-sqedcen akken ad lemden deg-s tiyita n rrs'as'. Ma d tilawin tiberkanin llan
ttakren-tent, ttarzen-tent yernu sseqdacen-tent d taklatin. Imeh'bas imellalen rran ss'yada n yiberkanen d addal, dgha neqqen-ten
s rrs'as' negh s yimeggiten (lances), am wakken ay llan kkaten irgazen-nsen s yi‚ekzan alamma mmuten, s‚ettiben tilawin yernu
tekksen fell-asent sser, yernu sserghayen igerdan imez'yanen n yiberkanen nitni d imuddiren. Deg wanect-a, yura-d wenmezray
James Morris : "Nesla s yigerdan yettwakren, rran-ten amzun d ighersiwen
n wexxam negh d iqeddacen, nesla s tilawin yettwarzen am yighersiwen deg yexxamen n yimeksawen, akk d yergazen ay teddzen
(castrer) akken ad ten-sbe‚den ghef tilawin-nsen. Deg yiwet n tuffgha n ss'yada, seb‚in n Yiserwen ay yettwanghan, irgazen-nsen
nghan-ten s rrs'as', ma d tilawin akk d yigerdan d'eggren-ten s ighezran akken ad d-ghlin ghef yez'ra u ad fellqen yiqerray-nsen.
Yiwen n wergaz umi qqaren Carrotts, yella yebgha ad yawi yiwet n tmett'ut tasrewt, dgha yegzem-as aqerru-yis i wergaz-is,
i‚elleq-as aqerru-yis i tmett'ut-nni yernu yewwi-tt gher tzeqqa-yines (cabane)".
Amgaru* n Yiberkanen
*guerre
"Amgaru n Yiberkanen
n Wakal n Van Diemen", akka ay s-semman i lh'emla-nni tamens'abt (officielle) n rrebrab ay iga udabu abrit'ani mgal n Yiberkanen
n Tasmanya. Ger n 1803 d 1830, mbe‚d ma llan wazal n 5000 n yimezdaghen ines'liyen di tegzirt n Tasmanya, ughalen qqimen-d
kan qell n 75. Deg yiwen n umagrad ay d-yeffghen deg wass n 1 Dujember 1826, yenna-d weghmis n Tasmanian Colonial Times :
"Maci maci s tin n lxir i lmend n yemdanen-agi akk d zzux ara d-nini awal-agi, maca ilaq ghef unabad' (gouvernement) ad ikkes
ines'liyen-agi [ad ten-yeffer negh ad ten-yenfu], neghmulac ad ughalen ad ten-tts'eggiden am yighersiwen iweh'ciyen yernu
ad ten-snegren".
Asmi ay d-sbedden
asad'uf aserdasi (loi martiale) di Nwember' 1828, yettunefk-asen ttesrih' i yimellalen ad neqqen iberkanen anda ma walan-ten.
Xas ma yella iberkanen nnughen am yizmawen, idebbuzen-nni-nsen n wesghar akk d yi‚ekzan-nni-nsen imesden (iqed'‚en) ur zmiren
ad qablen yis-sen lbar'ud, lqella n rr'ehma akk d taghert n tasa (cruautt') ay s‚eddan fell-asen Wur'ufiyen.
Dgha imir-n,
adabu yughal yettak ula d idrimen i s kra n win ara "d-yett'fen aberkan", akken llan qqaren, yernu ur i‚ett'el ara wanect-a
yughal d ssuq ameqqran; yal asrew ameqqran ara d-yettwatt'en, ad yagh fell-as bab-is 5 n yipounden (livres), di lweqt i deg
ma yett'ef-d agrud, ad yagh fell-as 2 n yipounden. Mbe‚d ma ixemmem udabu ghef temsal ay d-d'ebbren fell-as, tid yerzan tutt'fa
n Yiserwen i lmend n uzzenzi-nsen akken ad ilin d aklan, tin n tmenghiwt-nsen s ssem negh n tutt'fa-nsen s tecr'ektin akk
d tin n us'egged-nsen s yid'an, ikemmel yettak idrimen i tutt'fa-nsen yernu yughal yesseqdac ula d tamsulta (police) i lmend
n wanect-a.
Asmi ay yekfa
Wemgaru n Yiberkanen, ur d-mazal ara adabu yettwali-ten d amihi (danger) maca, akken ad yawi cci‚a, ikemmel udabu yettwali-ten
d imesfesden yernu d imcewwlen n tmurt. Dgha yughal yettnadi ad d-yesnejme‚ akk iberkanen, zun s tin n rr'eh'ma yernu di les'lah'-nsen
akken ad ten-yerr gher yegriren n wesnejme‚ (camps de consentration) i deg ara ten-yeh'bes.
Di 1830, George
Augustus Robinson, ay yellan d amseghdad (missionnaire) amsih'i, sxedmen-t akken ad d-yejme‚ akk iberkanen Itasmaniyen ay
d-yeqqimen di tegzirt u ad ten-yawi gher tegzirt n Flinders, ay ibe‚den azal n 40 km ghef Tasmanya. At'as seg wid ay d-yett'ef
Robinson mmuten mi teddun deg webrid. Di 1843, ala kan xemsin ay d-yeqqimen. Dgha yura-d Jared Diamond ghef wanect-a, yenna-d
:"Di tegzirt n Flinders, Robinson yella ye‚zem ad isseghrem (civiliser)
u ad yessemseh' (christianiser) wid-n akken i d-yeqqimen ddren. Amkan-nni i deg zedghen d amkan yetth'az wad'u, xuss'en deg-s
waman iz'idanen yernu llan lehh'un-asen din i Yiserwen amzun d imeh'bas. Igerdan sbe‚den-ten ghef yimawlan-nsen akken ad ssisehlen
asseghrem-nsen. Ma d ahil-nsen (programme) n wass yecba win n yiserdasen, llan qqaren deg-s Adlis Imqeddes (Bible), lemmden
ad dekkren yernu ttqara‚en-ten ghef uzzizdeg akk d ussemsawi n wusuten-nsen akk d tghawsiwin i yes tetten.
D acu kan,
uttci-nni ay sen-ttaken di tkurmut (lh'ebs) ixuss' yernu yessed'‚ef-iten, yernu mi sen-ikemmel watt'an, at'as deg-sen ay yemmuten.
Ala kan citt'ah' n llufanat ay imen‚en ugar n kra n ledwar'. Anabad' (gouvernement) yessenqes idrimen ay yetts'errif fell-asen
imi ay yed'me‚ ad iwali akk ines'liyen-nni mmuten. Di 1869, ala kan d Truganini, yiwet n tmett'ut nnid'en akk d yiwen n wergaz
ay d-yeqqimen ddren".
Itasmaniyen ineggura :
Asmi ay neqsen
s wat'as Yiserwen n Tasmanya, bdan Yimellalen ad ttmuqulen ghur-sen s tmughli nnid'en, d tin yeffghen i tnumi, imi ay llan
ttxemmimen d akken iberkanen-agi "d assagh (lien) ger n yemdanen akk d yebkan". Di 1859, adlis n Charles Darwin, "Ghef Las'el
n Tlemsin" (De l'Origine des EspŤces) takti n temhezt tasnudrant (t'volution biologique) akk d tin n temhezt n tmetti n yemdanen
d takti mechur'en i deg Imellalen d nitni ay yellan ghef tqacuct n temhezt, d nitni ay yennernan yernu ifen akk imdanen, di
lweqt i deg Iberkanen atni di lqa‚a n teskala (t'chelle).
Dgha ughalen
ttwalin d akken Iserwen d tarba‚t kan n medden "ay terra tmara ad negren imi akka ay iteddu usad'uf n ugama (loi de la nature),
akken ay yenger ududu (dodo [d yiwen n wegd'id' yettidiren zik di tegzirt n Maurice] negh akken yenger udinuzur'". Di tallit-nni
digh ay d-tesbedd Marikan yiwen n usad'uf i deg d-teqqar d akken argaz aberkan ur yes‚i ara akk izerfan ara iqader wergaz
amellal.
William Lanney,
ay llan ttlaqaben-t s yisem n King Billy, d netta ay d argaz Atasmani aneggaru akk ay yes‚an idammen yes'fan. Ilul-d di 1835
yernu yekker-d di tegzirt n Flinders. Asmi ay yes‚a tlett'ac n yiseggasen, Lanney wwin-t s netta s wid ay d-yeqqimen seg wegdud-is
gher yiwen n wegrir n wesnejme‚ umi qqaren Oyster Cove. Taggara, yughal d awlal (marin) yernu kra n yiseggasen sakin, ir'uh'
ad is'egged tizmekt (baleine). Imi d netta ay d argaz aneggaru akk n Tasmanya, Lanney llan ttwalin-t d adriz (trace) yeddren
seg wegdud-is. Di Yennayer n 1860, qeddmen-t-id i Ugeldun Albert. Di Fur'ar' n 1868, yughal-d d amud'in seg yiwen n yinig
i deg yeffegh akken ad d-is'egged tizmekt, dgha deg wass n 2 Meghres 1868, yemmut di texxamt-is, di ttberna n Dog and Partridge,
di temdint n Hobart, di Tasmanya.
Lanney i yes
llan ttihin asmi yella yedder, yughal asmi yemmut d taghawsa i yeghlayen am ddheb. Ula mi akken yella di sbit'ar ahersan (colonial),
ma cwit', sin n yemdanen ay yellan ‚ewwlen akken ad awin ighsan-is yernu nnan-d d akken bghan ad gen aya di les'lah' n Tiddukla
Tageldant n Tasmanya (Royal Society of Tasmanya) [i lmend n tussna]. Deg wass n 6 Meghres 1868, ass i deg ara yemd'el, ger
n xemsin akk d settin n yimezdaghen ay d-yennejmaÍn gher sbit'ar, ttnadin ad z'ren Lanney.
Yebda a ilehh'u
wawal ger medden d akken tafekka-yines tewagzem, dgha akken ad asen-qed'‚en ccek i wid ay d-yusan ad run fell-as, ldin as'enduq
i deg t-rran yernu sseknen-t-id i medden, ulac d acu i s-yed'ran. Mi t-walan wid ay t-iwalan, ghelqen as'enduq-nni yernu sekr'en-t.
D acu kan, nnan-d d akken deg yid'-nni kan yekcem yiwen n umejjay gher texxamt-nni n lmegget n sbit'ar i deg ssersen Lanney
yernu yuza-yas aqurru-yis i wagi akken ad as-d-ikkes aqecrur-is (cr‚ne).
Dgha i wakken
ur d-yettban wacu i s-yettwaxedmen, nnan-d d akken uzan aqerru n yiwen n umud'in nnid'en ay yemmuten ass-nni kan di sbit'ar-nni,
kksen-as-d ula d netta aqecrur-is yernu rran-as i Lanney. Imaslad'en (membres) n Royal Society "rfan mlih'" imi ay ten-zwaren
deg wanect-a, dgha, imi ay s-nnan d akken tukerd'a n tfekka n Lanney d ayen i ghef ara bnun, ‚ezmen ad as-kksen i Lanney s
kra n wayen akk ay izemren ad yes‚u azal u ad yettwaker si tfekka-s, dgha ula d nitni gezmen-as ifassen-is akk d yid'arren-is.
Yugh lh'al, akken ughen tanumi di Tasmanya, yiwen ur yettuweddeb ghef wanect-a yernu akka ay d-tella tgara n William Lanney,
argaz aberkan aneggaru akk n Tasmanya.
Tagellidt* Truganini : Tatasmanit taneggarut
[Truganini ur telli ara d tagellidt wanag d tamett'ut kan tatasmanit n menwala, d acu kan, imi
d nettat ay d tamett'ut taneggarut n wegdud-is, zun semman-as "tagellidt", akken digh ay d as-semman "agellid i Lanney, akken
ad ttihin fell-as]"
Ula d yiwwas
ahat ur d-ted'ri tedyant deg umezruy i deg ccetla n yemdanen s lekmal-is ad tt-snegren di xemsa d seb‚in kan n yiseggasen.
Maca d tagi ay d tadyant n tidet ay d-yed'ran d Yiserwen n Tasmanya, xlan-ten wid ay d-yusan ad asen-kksen tamurt-nsen s wamek
ay ttidiren, am wakken ay ten-snegren s ccer' yellan deg wulawen-nsen ... Ala kan d tih'er'ci-nsen akk d leslah'-nsen amezwar
(primitif) ay llan s‚an-t akken ad qablen yis-s a‚daw yes‚an lemwas akk d lbar'ud. Di 1876, aneggaru deg-sen yemmut, dgha
akka ay yenger wegdud s lekmal-is". --Clive Turnbull.
Deg wass n 7
Meghres 1876, Truganini ay yellan d amdan aneggaru yes‚an idammen yes'fan n yiberkanen n Tasmanya, temmut, tlata d seb‚in
n yiseggasen ay tella tes‚a di le‚mer'-is [wiyad' qqaren-d tes‚a 64]. Yemma-s d Ur'ufiyen ay tt-yenghan s lmus. Weltma-s,
ukren-tt Wur'ufiyen. Argaz-nni ara tt-yaghen naqal, sgherqen-t Wur'ufiyen nettat teh'der', yernu wid-n akken ay t-yenghan
kksen fell-as sser ula d nettat.
Nezmer ad d-nini
d akken tiwugha qerrih'en ay ih'uzan Truganini s timmad-is d tid ay d-yesskanayen tawaghit yewwten akk Iberkanen n Tasmanya
s umata. D nettat ay d taneggarut akk deg-sen. Mi akken tella tesred ghef wusu n lmut, tessuter seg umejjay, tenna-yas : "Ur
ten-ttaddja ara ad iyi-gezmen". D acu kan, mbe‚d ma med'len-tt, skeflen-d tafekka-yines yernu ighsan-is, ‚ellqen-ten s yilez'wi,
rran-ten deg yiwen n us'enduq yernu ssersen-tt deg usalay (must'e) n Tasmanya i deg tughal d yiwet si tghawsiwin ay d-ijebbden
akk medden dinna alammi d 1947. Di tgara, di 1976, asmi yewwed' lqern seg wasmi ay temmut, xas akken yugi usalay, ighsan-is
sserghen-ten yernu ighighden-ines zzuzren-ten di lebh'er'.
Tagrayt :
Tawaghit ay
d-yed'ran d yiberkanen iserwen n Tasmanya, xas akka tettaqrah' mi ara tt-id-nessiwel, d tadyant ay yuklalen ad tt-id-nini.
D acu n temsirt (dder's) ara d-nelmed si nnger n Yitasmaniyen ? Tudert akk d tmattant n Truganini tesskanay-d akken ilaq assaghen
(relations) yellan ger n Yimellalen d Yiberkanen di Tasmanya negh digh s umata, assaghen yellan ger n Yiberkanen d Yimellalen
deg wemd'al s lekmal-is. Ger n 1803 akk d 1876, snegren akk iberkanen Iserwen n Tasmanya, dgha ulac tin ur n‚edda ara fell-asen,
jeggh'en-ten, kksen fell-asen sser yernu, d ayen ibanen, nghan-ten d tirni. Dgha mi ara nwali gher umezruy yettcur'en d ttbut
ghef tmenghiwt n yiberkanen, lqella n rr'eh'ma, ledjhel akk d lbat'el meqqren ay s‚eddan Wur'ufiyen fell-asen ama di Tasmanya,
ama deg wemd'al s umata, nezmer ad d-nini d akken di tidet, maci d aghersiw-nni itetten kulci deg wunughen iteddun (dt'ssin
animt') n Marika ay d ccit'an, wanag d Imellalen-nni imennekcamen ay d ccwat'en n tidet n Tasmanya.
Timerniwt :
Iserwen n Tasmanya
ass-a : wid ay imen‚en i usenger
Amagrad-agi
(article) ay teghram urigh-t di tizi n 1997 yernu yella-d d ah'ric seg yiwen n umazrar n yimagraden ay d-gigh akken ad d-jebdegh
lwelha n medden gher wayen i‚eddan zik d wayen yett‚eddin ass-a, amezruy akk d wemkan ay s‚an ass-a Yiberkanen deg wemd'al
merr'a. Dgha deg wanect-a, ttwaligh-t d amagrad igerrzen mlih'. D acu kan, ilaq ad d-gregh tamawt d akken amagrad-agi urigh-t
uqbel ma rzigh i tikkelt tamenzut gher Ustr'alya. Simmal yett‚eddi lweqt, simmal ttwaligh d akken inig (voyage) d tarmit (expt'rience)
igerrzen ay d-yesselmaden lumur', yernu mi ara tettiniged' tikwal, tzemred' ad d-tissined' tighawsiwin ur tettafed' ara dima
deg yedlisen.
Di Nwember'
n 1998, ‚erd'en-iyi-d akken ad d-mmeslayegh deg Usarag Amad'lan n Yegduden Iserwen (Conft'rence Mondiale des Peuples IndigŤnes)
n Toowomba, di Queensland, di Ustr'alya. Mi akken lligh ihi dinna, is'ah'-iyi-d ad d-rzugh ghef wat'as n yemd'iqen, gar-asen
tlata seg Yiwunak (Etats) n Ustr'alya. Dgha d tikkelt tamenzut di tudert-iw i deg ara mmeslayegh akk d Yiserwen Ustr'aliyen.
Asarag-nni s timmad-is yella-d d taghawsa igerrzen, d taghawsa ifazen s tidet yernu d yiwet si termitin (expt'riences) timeqqranin
akk di tudert-iw.
Maca uqbel ma
yebda-d usarag-nni, xel‚egh mi d-mlalegh i tikkelt tamenzut yiwen n wergaz d aberkan si Tasmanya ! Isem-is Errol West yernu
d aselmad di Tesdawit n wenz'ul (sud) n Queensland. Yugh lh'al, aselmad West (ay yellan d amassan ameqqran u d amedyaz-poŤte
ifazen) myussanegh yid-s dindin kan yernu nughal d imeddukal n l‚ali.
Yella-d wesqerdec
meqqren wagar-anegh yernu ughalegh fehmegh d akken, zighmana, ala kan d iberkanen yes‚an idammen yes'fan ay inegren wanag
mazal llan Yiberkanen [umi xeld'en yidammen akk d Yimellalen] ay yettidiren di Tasmanya ass-a. Dgha yed'ha-d d akken anect-a
ixulef mlih' ayen d-uran yimura imeqqranen ghef temsalt n nnger n Yitasmaniyen. Nnig waya, Aselmad West yefka-yi-d tugna (image)
nnid'en n Truganini, ay ixulfen mlih' tin akken ssnegh.
Inig-yinu gher
Ustr'alya yeddja-yi ad xemmegh ghef wat'as n tghawsiwin umi ay ilaq ad ‚iwdegh tamughli. Tment'ac n wagguren sakin, ughalegh
gher Ustr'alya yernu ssnegh-d ugar n tghawsiwin ghef tmurt-agi icebh'en, dgha lemdegh-d ugar n tghawsiwin ghef umezruy akk
d wamek ay ttidiren ass-a yemdanen ines'liyen n dinna.
Yugh lh'al,
almad ur yeh'bis ara, wanag tt'fegh-d digh, ach'al n wagguren aya, kra n tebratin tiliktr'unanin (e-mail) sghur n yiwet n
weltma-tnegh si Tasmanya, tesnemmer-iyi at'as ghef umagrad-agi yernu tga-yi ifadden akken ad kemmlegh u tenna-yi-d d akken
ula i agadegh imi Iberkanen di Tasmanya "mazal-iten ddren yernu mazal-iten ttnaghen ghef yizerfan-nsen u ttnaghen digh akken
ad ten-id-yughal wemkan ay uklalen di tmurt-nsen, ad sset‚er'fen yis-sen d imezdaghen iserwen". Tugh, mazal yettkemmil welmad.
* Runoko Rashidi
d anmezray (historien), d amsarag (conft'rencier) d amaru yes‚an tayri meqqren i Tefriqt.
Tasuqilt sghur
Omar MOUFFOK d Belqasem CHELOUCHE
I tmerniwt
n yisallen, rzut s amd'iq-agi :http://www.africawithin.com/
Agemmay n tmazight akken
ay t-id-tessumer WAAC, i lmend n tira n tmazight di internet :
a ----- azul, argaz, amazigh
‚ ----- ‚iwen, cegge‚, a‚essas
b ----- baba, ibki, abuqal
c ----- acawi, uccen, taccuyt
d ----- dadda, tidet, udi
d'----- ad'u, id'elli, ad'ad
dj ---- afendjal,
taddjalt, tajeddjigt
e ----- enz, amenzu, kkes
f ----- tafat, uffal, ifires
g ----- agu, tagmart, amger
gh ---- ighi, imghi, ilelli
h ----- ahuddu, ahrawan, ahil
h' ---- tah'anut, ah'bib, ah'riq
i ----- iri, izimer, icimmi
j ----- ajerrid', ajemmid', ajellab
k ----- aksum, ikkil, ikerri
l ----- tilelli, tala, iles
m ----- tama, tament, amkan
n ----- annar, inighem, inisi
q ----- aqbayli, tuqqna, ameqqran
r ----- amrar, ifer, tiririt
r'
---- r'wu, takerr'ust, tar'umit
s ----- tasa, isem, tasusmi
s' ---- las'el, tibs'elt, afess'el
t ----- tata, tamdint, tamurt
tc ---- ettc, kettc, atcamar
t' ---- tit', t'umat'ic, aqent'ar
u ----- ulac, tuyat, udem
w ----- awal, wali, weltma
x ----- axxam, taxsayt,
tabexsist
y ----- yemma, amezruy, amayeg
z ----- azedgan, uzzal, izi
z' ----
az'idan, zz'el, iz'i
GM : agemmay-agi
ur yelli d asumer (proposition) n tiddukla-nnegh akken ad nbeddel agemmay-nni n tmazight amagnu (normal - agemmay agrigi-alatini)
ay nessexdam i tira n tutlayt-nnegh, wanag imi ur nezmir ara ad naru di internet isekkilen yes‚an izumal n ussemgerrad (lettres
diacritiques) akk d yisekkilen-nni igrigen (lettres grecques) yellan deg ugemmay amazigh, nessumer-d agemmay-agi akken ad
nefru, si le‚d'il (provisoirement) ugur-agi.
Win yeslan ad yini i wiyad'
Arut-agh-d, gret-d tamawin-nwen, neqqar l‚eslama i s kra
n tebrat ara d agh-d-yawd'en sghur-wen.
Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen
BP 129, Poste Didouche Mourad
16006,
Alger, Algt'rie
E-mail : imedyazen89@yahoo.fr
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text:
TAMURT – Aṭas-aya tura mazal yettazal wawal ɣef isekkilen s ara tettwaru “tmaziɣt”. Ɣas akken tamsalt-a tefra aṭas-aya s imnadiyen n tesdawiyin meɛna imdanen ḥemmlen ad zzin deg ayen ur nemɛin. Adabu azzayri yebɣa ad issenger tutlayin timaziɣin, yessen akk iberdan s ara tent-yeɣḍel:
taɣawsa tamezwarut, ixleq-d takadimit n tutlayt “tamaziɣt” ɣas akken deg tidet tamaziɣt d tawacult n tutlayin, mačči d yiwet n tutlayt. S tkadimit-a ad d-xelqen tutlayt “tamaynutt”, yiwen ur tt-ifehhem,yiwen ur tt-issin, ad tili kan deg tektubin ma d imdanen deg tudert-nsen ad heddṛen tutlayin-nniḍen. Bɣan ad teḍru d tmaziɣt-nneɣ akken i teḍra d teɛrabt-nsen
Taɣawsa tis snat: adabu azzayri yetturar s wakud (lweqt) alamma negrent tutlayin timaziɣin. Ma nmuqqel ar tmurt n Leqbayel ad nwali belli tettkemmil s tazzla tsertit n “usɛerbeb”, annect-a yettkemmil s ufus n uɣerbaz azzayri i yesɛerbiben arraw n tmurt taqbaylit axaṭer arrac qqaṛen ugar n 100 sswayeɛ deg waggur s teɛrabt, ma d tutlayt taqbaylit qqaṛen-tt kan 12 n sswayeɛ deg waggur. Ar wasmi ara ualen akk yemdanen heddṛen s teɛrabt imiren ad tebdu leqdic-is tkadimit-nni.
Taɣawsa tis tlata: iwakken ad yenger usirem n Leqbayel deg tutlayt-nsen, adabu azzayri isebded imdanen ur nwulem ara amkan-nsen i wakken ad selḥun takadimit-a. Sbedden-d Belaïd Salah yellan uqbel d aqeṛṛu ɣef usqamu n tutlayt taɛrabt, yes ad selḥun timsal-nsen akken i sen-ihwa. Ɣas akken ass-a llan aṭas n imnadiyen deg tesdawiyin i izemren ad selḥun timsal n tutlayin-a meɛna sawlen i wid ur nelli ara akk deg annar iwakken ad yishil usenger-nsent.
Mazal aṭas n temsal-nniḍen, lemmer ad nkemmel ameslay fell-asent ur nettfakka ara akk. Ẓran akk medden belli “tamaziɣt” tettengar kra kra, meɛna mazal ttamnen s tlalit n tkadimit “tazzayrit” ara d-irefden tutlayt-nsen.
Tutlayt taqbaylit seg zik d arraw-is i iqeddcen fell-as, d nutni i tt-yuran asmi akken adabu azzayri yettawi-ten ar leḥbas yerna ineqq Iqbayliyen, d nutni i tt-yettarun ɣas akken adabu azzayri ur ten-iɛawen ula deg acemma. D iqbayliyen i yennuɣen ɣef tutlayt-nsen i wakken ad tettawaru ass-a yerna ad tesɛu ilugan-ines. D iqbayliyen i yebɣan ad tennerni teqbaylit wama adabu azzayri ala nnger i s-yebɣa.
Taqbaylit d arraw-is kan ara tt-irefden, ma yella ur tt-rfiden ara nutni adabu azzayri d nnger kan i s-d-isewjad. Iggra-d kan tura Iqbayliyen ad xemmen ɣef teqbaylit-nsen, ad cemmṛen iɣallen-nsen, ad ḥudden ɣef yiles-nses d yidles-nsen ara d-afen warraw-nsen.
Amaziɣ Aweɣlis


text:
Taneɣrazt
Taneɣrazt neɣ Tiɣrazin (Assaɣ ussnan: Thymelaeaceae) d tawacult n yimɣan yeṭṭafaren tafesna n tmejjirin deg wesmil n tesnayyawin. Tawacult-a tenfufed deg yakk ideggan n tegnit s wazal n 898 n telmas yebṭan ɣef 50 n tewsitin
Asegrew n twacult-a yennulfa-d aseggas n 1789 sɣur umesnimɣan Afrensaw Antoine Laurent de Jussieu
Tiwsitin n twacult-a d tid yugten deg wezgen anaẓul n tegnit ugar n wezgen agafan aladɣa deg Tefriqt d Ustṛalya. Amur ameqran n telmas-is ttemɣayent-d d isekla d tmedkin maca llant telmas id yettemɣayen d ijgagalen yakk d isaɣuren
Tiwsitin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Aleẓẓaẓ (Daphne)
- Aɣraz (Thymelaea)
- Wikstroemia
- Pimelea


text:
Mark Zuckerberg
Mark Elliot Zuckerberg ilul ass n 14 mayyu deg Dobbs Ferry (tamnaḍt n Westcher I d-yezgan deg New York), seg yiwet n twacult tudayt tamarikanit, imawlan-is i sin yid-sen d imejjayen, gma-s mazal-it deg tsedawit n Harvard. D asenselkam (informaticien), yerna d aɣella n tkebbanit (chef d’entreprise), d netta daɣen i yeṭṭfen amkan ameqqran deg usmel n Internet n uẓeṭṭa imetti n Facebook.
ɛla ḥsab n umsizwer n Forbes 2008 n sɛayat timeqqranin n umaḍal, sɛaya n Mark Zuckerberg tewweḍ ɣer 1,5 melyar n idularen. 23 iseggasen deg leɛmer-is, yewwi azwel (titre) n ilemẓi amerkanti yakk deg umaḍal.
Imi yella d anelmad deg tesdawit n Havard, tusa-yas-d tikti ad d-yesker yiwen uẓeṭṭa imetti I yinelmaden, dɣa yessihel-d (programmer) deg texxamt-is tasedawit talɣa tamenzut n Facebook, i d-yessuffeɣ deg useggas n 2004. Cciɛa yewwi-tt imir-nni yakan ɣur inelmaden n tsedawit, dɣa drus kan akka n wakud sseqdacen-t iɣerbazen nniḍen, send (uqbel) ad d-yeffeɣ i medden irkelli. Deg 2007, Facebook yuɣal d asmel wis-7 ɣer wacu i d-rezzun midden s tuget, dɣa takebbanit tessaweḍ ɣer 15 imelyaren n idularen. Mark Zuckerberg ɣur-s 20% deg imuren n tkebbanit.
Ɛla ḥsab n uɣmis n Wall Street, deg mayyu 2009, yiwen imsefti arusi yessumer-d (proposer) 200 imelyan idularen I waken ad yessiweḍ ihri (capital) n tkebbanit ɣer 10 imelyaren idularen, dacu kan yecreḍ ad yesɛu amkan deg usqamu n tedbelt (conseil d’administration). Maca Mark Zuckerberg yugi, acku netta yenna ur iqebbel ala isumar ara s-d-yernun deg cciɛa i uẓeṭṭa-ines imetti.
Deg umsizwer n yimdanen i yesɛan afud deg umaḍal, i texdem tesɣunt Time deg 2008, yewwi amkan wis-52.


text:
Timlilit ad t-ili di temdint n beskra deg anar n « 18 di furar-el ealia » ɣef 14:30. Iwakken ad seun lweqt ad steefun wa ad xedmen aslaɣmu anegaru, imyuraren n terbaet n ilmezyen leqbayel ruḥen iḍeli di tmafagt (avion).
Tzemrem ad tḍefrem timlilit agi di tilifizyun n lzzayer tis 4 « tv4 tamaziɣt ».
Timlilit n uzzeka tesea azal meqren, imi agemuḍ yelhan ad as-nyefk afud akk tebɣest iwakken ad kemlen amecwar n talɣuɣa.
Iwesmekti JSK terbeḥ snat n temliliyin ieeddan u yerna di berra, yiwet di talɣuɣa sdat ASO (2-0), tayeḍ sdat US Gendarmerie di teqbuct n tefriqt (CAF)