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Tazwart
Ma nger tamawt ar wamek ttwallin ddunit di tira-nnsen Yegrikkiyen n zik, amek ttwallin wayeḍ (win ur nellin ara d Agrikki), amek ttwallin abeṛṛani, amek ttwallin iman-nnsen..., ad nwalli, si tama-nneɣ, amek i llan di lawan-nni ttwallin Illibiyen. A nwalli amek i ten-ttɣilen, d wamek i ttmeslayen fell-asen.
Zwar ad twalliḍ wayeḍ, ad s-tsemmiḍ abeṛṛani, isefk-ak ad d-tesfergeḍ akal-ik. Ad as-tsemmiḍ ayla-k neɣ tamurt-ik. Ad s-tgeḍ tilisa. Ad s-tefkeḍ isem. Ssyen sakkin, tzemreḍ ad tefkeḍ isem ubeṛṛani i wayen akk ur d-ẓerbent ara tlisa-nni-inek. Akken ad twalliḍ wayeḍ d abeṛṛani, akken ad tinigeḍ ɣer-s, isefk-ak ad t-tmuqleḍ di tmurt-nni-inek. Isefk-ak ad tebduḍ tikli ɣer-s di tmurt-nni-inek. Isefk-ak ad teṭṭfeḍ tamurt-nni-inek am wakken d nettat i d timiṭ n ddunit. Akka igan Yegrikkiyen. Gan tilisa i tmurt-nnsen, sseman-as ddunit tagrikkit. Fkan isem i yemezdaɣ-is, semman-asen Igrikkiyen. Ma d ayen akk yellan beṛṛa i tlisa-nni-nnsen, winna qarren-as ddunit tabeṛṛanit.
Igrikkiyen rran tikfilin i tmurt-nnsen. Gan-as tilisa, akken ad ẓren ansi d-uɣalen. Akken ad ferẓen d acu i d ayla-nnsen, anwa i d ayla-nnsen, amek izemren ad t-bḍun gar-asen... Ma yella d timura igemḍen, timura idergen i wallen-nnsen, tidak-nni i ɣer ur zmiren ad inigen, tidak-nni werğin ẓrin, tidak-nni ttwallin-tent di tmucuha. Di lawan-nni, ulac Tajugrafit, ulac imusnawen yettinigen akken ad gen lkarta n tmura. Degmi ayen akk ttmeslayen d wayen akk ttarun Yegrikkiyen ɣef tmura tibeṛṛaniyin, tekksen-t-id deg izran neɣ di tmucuha. Ar Yegrikkiyen, llan snat ddunitat : tella ddunit tagrikkit, tella ddunit n wiyaḍ, ddunit wer-tagrikkit, neɣ ma tram ddunit tabeṛṛanit.
Humirus, "adaskalus n Yegrikkiyen", xeṛţum akka i s-qarren Yegrikkiyen n zik. D netta i igan tilisa i tmurt n Tegrikt. Deg isefra-ines i ttelmaden iggurdan igrikkiyen ansi tebda d wansi d-tuɣal tmurt n Tegrikt. Humirus icennu ddunit akken tt-ttwallin Yegrikkiyen yellan di lawan-nni-ines. Ilyada tuls-ed ɣef tmurt n Tegrikt d tmurt n Asiya. Udissiya, netta, yuls-ed ɣef yinigen n Udissus, ɣef tmura i ɣef d-ikka zwar ad yaweḍ ɣer tegzirt-ines, Ittakki.
Tamusni, di lawan-nni n Humirus, tella deg isefra d wayen d-ttarwen wallaɣen n imedyazen. Ɣas akken Plaṭun ɣur-es tamuɣli nniḍen. Yura-t-id di libri-nni-ines i wumi yeqqar Ion, anda d-yenna d akken ur isefk ara ad s-neg aṭas n wazal i tmusni n tmedyazt. Yerna diɣen ur isefk ara akken tamedyazt ad tuɣal d nettat i d tussna n uselmed iggurdan iggrikkiyen. Ɣas akkenni, Igrikkiyen semman-as i Udissiya n Humirus Lunsiklupidia. Ttafen deg-s akk tamusni i ran ad affen. Deg inigen n Udissus, ladɣa tussna n yinig ɣef waman. Tussna yellan di tmacahutt n Udissus tuɣal d idles atnusi (ethnos), d idles n yal Agrikki. Degmi yal Agrikki yeẓra ur ilaq ara ad yinig s uɣerabu ɣer umalu n Tegrikt, ammer ad teččen Xarubdi d Skulla.
Asmi sakkin d tnulfa tjugrafit, bdan ijugrafiyen ttinigen. Gan lkaṛtat n tmura, uran fell-asent isem n yal tamurt. Uran-d ɣef tmura-yagi d yegduden i tent-izedɣen. Akkagi i gan imusnawen imezwura yebdan ttinigen, am Hikkatayus, Tales, imusnawen d ifusiken n Yunya. Wigi uran ɣef tmura ɣer unagen ayen wallan d wayen sen-d-nnan imezdaɣ n tmura-nni. Uran ayen wallant wallen-nnsen. Deg imiren, nezmer ad d-nnini tebda-d tmusni n tidett n ddunit-agi. Imusnawen-agi igrikkiyen ssawḍen tamusni armi wwḍen Iggrikkiyen sulin tafluṭ-nnsen. Imusnawen-agi nudan anda d-zgant tmura nniḍen akken ad inigen ɣer-sent, akken ad ẓren amek ara inigen ɣer-sent s iɣuraben-nnsen. Ma nger tamawt i lkaṛtat n tmura xedmen, ad anaf ladɣa tṛasin iberdan n yilel yettawin ɣer tmura-nniḍen. Ula deg wakal, ad anaf tṛasin siwa isaffen, iɣeẓran d iberdan n waman. Imi ɣer Yegrikkiyen, ilel d netta i yezdin timura Tegrikt. Imi timura-nnsen, ɣas d tigzirin, ɣas akken msebɛadent, ḥesben-tent Yegrikkiyen d tamurt-nnsen, d tamurt n Tegrikt. Ma d timura ur d-neqqinen ara ɣer-sen, tidak-nni semman-asent timura tibeṛṛaniyin, neɣ timura n ibaṛbaṛen.
Abeṛṛani, abaṛbaṛ d Wugrikki
Astatu agenwan ?
Xénos, di ddunit tagrikkit, ɣur-es azal meqqur. Maca Agrikki ur yell' ara d agzinufubbi*. S tidett win d-yusan ɣer tmurt-is yettban-as-d d abeṛṛani, ur t-yessin ara. Ɣas ma yella abeṛṛani-nni yettban-as-d mačči am netta, asennubget n Wegrikki d atafer (devoir/amawal). Yettagwad ammer ahat d adiyus i d-yerzan ɣer-s. Xénos, anda yerra di tmurt n Tegrikt, yesdarray-it Zeos Xénios (atan seddaw laɛnaya n Dzus.) Abeṛṛani semɣaren-t Yegrikkiyen. Agrikki ara yerẓen tassirit-agi, winna ssufuɣen-t Yegrikkiyen seg udrum-nnsen. gellzen-t, ţɣunzun-t ikiwisen. Rnu-yas diɣen, idiyusen, ur s-kemmun ara.
Maca tikwal d anmir akken ad tferzeḍ amgared yellan ɣer Yegrikkiyen ger Xénos d Barbaros, imi qaṛṛen Xénos ula i Wegrikki d-yusan di tčiṭa nniḍen. Ma d Barbaros, wagi qarren-t i win yellan mačči d Agrikki.
Yerna diɣenna awal-agi n Xénos yettaf sima*-ines, ala deg usennubget. Ma d Barbaros winna d amgal n Wegrikki. D isem-is i d awal-is. Degmi ur feṛzen ara d acu i yettmeslay, yesbeṛbuṛ kan, dɣa sawalen-as abaṛbaṛ.
Tameslayt d nekwa
Abaṛbaṛ, semman-as Yegrikkiyen abaṛbaṛ imi ur yettmeslay ara tagrikkit, tameslayt yesdukklen igduden igrikkiyen. Imi ɣer-sen, ɣer Yegrikkiyen, s kra n win yettmeslayen tagrikkit, winna ḥesben-t nnsen : d Agrikki. Ma d win ur nessin ara tagrikkit, winna mači nnsen, winna d abaṛbaṛ. Imi winna, ɣer-sen, ur yettmeslay ara. Akken kan yebda yettlemmim. Dagi i tella tilist gar Wegrikki d ubaṛbaṛ. D tameslayt. Agrikki yettxemmim d akken ur yezmir ara ad yemeslay yid-es, ur yezmir ara ad yemsefham yid-es. Tamuɣli-yagi n Yegrikkiyen teskan-aɣ-d akken yal yiwen yettwali tameslayt-is telha, tameslayt n wayeḍ txus. Yal yiwen seg-nneɣ yettxemmim tameslayt n wayeḍ ur tebbwiḍ ara d tameslayt. Yettwal-itt am' akken d tameslayt n yeẓwan*, ur tesaweḍ ara akken ad msefhamen yes-s yemdanen. Akka i ttwallin yemdanen wid ur nessin ara tameslayt-nnsen. Awal s awal, a k-inin "Nekni". Nekni nela taɣerma, nela tamusni, ma yella d wiyiḍ d uḍlisen, ulac d acu i ssnen. Ttbanen-asen-d i yat-Nekni d isuffağen. Yal agdud yettwali kan timiṭ-is. Yal agdud yettktili wiyaḍ ɣer wayen yessen d wayen yela. Yal amdan yettwali iman-is ḥaca netta i d amdan. S kra n win ur nga ara am netta, winna atan deg wesuki n talsa. Akken ula d Alibbi, ɣer Wegrikki, d abaṛbaṛ.
Abaṛbaṛ u ugemmaḍ
Atah ihi wamek i ttwallin yemdanen taddukli. Qarren teddukkel tɣawsa, ticki d-tettban ddukklen isegman-ines, neɣ ma tram ayen akk swayes tulli tɣawsa-nni. Akken ula d atnus (ethnos), yettban-d d yiwen, ticki t-tesdukkel tmeslayt, yesdukkel-it yedles. Atnus-agi a t-tferzeḍ, imi tettban ccetla-ines, tettban tmeslayt-ines. Abaṛbaṛ ur yelli ara d abaṛbaṛ armi yemgarad d Wegrikki. Agrikki yela tameslayt. Abaṛbaṛ xaṭi. Agrikki iddukkel yedles-ines, tesdukkel-it tmedyazt n Humiṛus. Sdukklent wuraren n Hillada, anda ttemlilen warraw n Hilini, anda turaren, anda ttemyenfalen, anda ţgen tidukliwin akken ad gen lgirra.
Barbaros, awal-agi gan-t Yegrikkiyen i Yfeṛsiyen. Ɣas akken Ifeṛsiyen d aɣref yeddukklen, d acu d agemḍi n wetnus Agrikki, warraw n Hilini. Yerna nezmer a d-nini d Ifersiyen i yedeggren Igrikkiyen akken ad gen tilisa i tmurt-nnsen. Deg wakken ten-id-nebcen acḥal n tikkal, dɣa Igrikkiyen gan tiseɣlit i tmurt-nnsen. Deg imiren ibdan beṭṭun ddunit. D acu i d Agrikki, d acu i d wer-Agrikki; anwa i d Agrikki, anwa i d wer-Agrikki. Ddukklen, gan tiddukla, uɣalen d yiwen weɣref. Uɣalen d yiwen weɣref mgal aɣref afeṛsi, agemḍi-nnsen. Ɣas akkenni tičiṭa n tmurt n Tegrikt ur temsefhament ara, asmi d-ibges ɣer-sen Xsayarsa, ugellid amuqran n Ifeṛsiyen, ddukklent-as tčiṭa-yagi am yiwet. Di tdukli-nni-nnsent, illul-ed wetnus Agrikki. Ssyen sakkin, bḍan ddunit : llan si tama Yegrikkiyen, si tama nniḍen llan Ifeṛsiyen, neɣ Ibaṛbaṛ. Deg imiren, Igrikkiyen sawalen akk i yegduden nniḍen Ibaṛbaṛ, sawalen-asen akken ula i Ilibbiyen.
Akka, abaṛbaṛ, ɣer wegrikki, d inimik neɣ d aɛdaw. Abaṛbaṛ, mačči kan d agemḍi n Wegrikki. Abaṛbaṛ yettnadi ad yenkeṛ akk ayen yellan d Agrikki. Dɣa deg imiren awal-agi n ubaṛbaṛ qnen-t Yegrikkiyen i Ifeṛsiyen d yegduden akk i sen-d-yezzin, gar-asen Ikaṛyan, Imedwa...artg.
Llan yegduden yettidiren ar tama n Yegrikkiyen, yerna igduden-agi ulac akk d acu i ten-yezdin d Ifeṛsiyen, am ugdud Askutay, yettidirin di tama n ugaffa n tmurt n Tegrikt. Wigi ɣas akkenni mačči d Ifeṛsiyen, ttwallin-ten Yegrikkiyen seddaw talsa. Ttwalin-ten am yeẓwan n teẓgi n tmucuha. Akken i ttwallin Yegrikkiyen ula d Ilibbiyen di tmucuha-nnsen. Akken ttwalin akk igduden-nniḍen. Ulac akk agdud yeččuren tiṭ i Yegrikkiyen.
Abaṛbaṛ, ur yettwaṭṭaf ara kan akka. Maca ɣas akkenni, ɣer Yegrikkiyen, akken kan ara t-wallin, ɛeqlen-t. Ɛeqlen-t, imi ɣer-sen, abaṛbaṛ, ur ig' ara am nutni. Ayen akk i yexeddem yezleg. Degmi t-ttwallin ixullef-iten, ixullef imdanen. Imi Igrikkiyen ttwallin ḥaca nutni i d imdanen. Deg wakken ur tessinen ara, dɣa bran i yilesawen-nnsen, ttawin fell-as timucuha. Ttwallin-t akken ran a t-wallin, mačči akken yella.
Timagut n wayeḍ
Zik-nni, win iran ad yissin wayeḍ, isefk-as ad isel i tligdin (legenda) ss-d-sawalen widak-ines. Igrikkiyen ttmeslayen aṭas ɣef wiyaḍ deg tligdin-nnsen. Am akken dɣa s tidett tiligdin-agi qarrent-d ayen yellan ɣef wiyaḍ. Yerna am akken teẓram, deg wegni n wesru, diskur n tligenṭ yezwar-d win n tesṭurit ; ma yella deg wegni n tfusi, diskur n tligenṭ ittmeslay-d ɣef imukan werğin yeẓri, ɣef imukan i yettara maḍi sagwaden, am Xaribdu d Skulla. Taligenṭ tneğer allaɣ n wemdan. D nettat i s-yettmalen amek iga wayeḍ. Tikwal, taligenṭ tessexdam tmagut akken ad d-temeslay ɣef yegduden nniḍen, ɣas akkenni mačči aṭas n yemsefliden i ifehmen timagutin-nni, maca tiligdin, iswi-nnsent yiwen. Ad nwalli akk annect-agi akkagi ciṭuḥ ɣer zdat. A nwalli d akken s tidett d timagutin-agi i inejren allaɣ n Yigrikkiyen. Dayen i yufan deg-sent i d-ttalsen neɣ i d-ttarun ɣef yegduden nniḍen.
Maca, zwar ad d-nawi ameslay ɣef annect-agi, isefk-aɣ ad d-nini d acu i d taligenṭ, d acu n wemkan i teṭṭef ger Yegrikkiyen ? S tidett, ur nezmir ad d-nemeslay aṭas ɣef temsalt-agi n tligenṭ, imi ugar n imusnawen i d-yuran yakan fell-as, maca nezmer ad d-nini akken d akken d taligenṭ i ineğren allaɣ agrikki di tallit-nni. Yerna ula d awal-nni n Muthos ur d-iban ara d akken imgarad ɣef Logos almi d lqern wis-IV. Zwar, sin wawalen-agi, Muthos d Logos, ur ttwafṛazen ara akken iwata.
Taligenṭ, Muthos, temxallaf ɣef tmacahutt. Taligenṭ ttɣilen-as yemdanen d ayen yellan. Taligenṭ, tuɣal maḍi yes-s i ttmeyizzen yegduden. Taligenṭ teqqen ɣer nekwa n yal agdud, yal aɣref, yal tawacult, yal tačiṭa. Yal agdud, yal aɣref, yal tawacult, yal tačiṭa ɣur-sen taligenṭ i sen-d-ismektayen amek i d-nulfan, anisi d-frurin, ansi d-kkan. Taligenṭ d nettat i yettreṣin tilisa gar Yegrikkiyen, gar tčiṭa tigrikkiyen, gar Yegrikkiyen d yegduden ibeṛṛaniyen. Tiligdin n Yegrikken ttmeslayent-d aṭas ɣef yegduden nniḍen : am tligenṭ n Tmaẓunin. Taligenṭ-agi tbeggen-aɣ-id d akken Igrikkiyen ttwallin igduden nniḍen akken ran ad ten-wallin, imi Timaẓunin, ɣer Yegrikkiyen, d atnus n tlawin tigrariyin, i ineqqen irgazen-nnsent d warrac-nnsent. Igrikkiyen ttwallin Timaẓunin-agi mačči am yemdanen nniḍen. Suffɣen-tent di talsa.
Taligenṭ neɣ diskur aligdan, zwar kulci, yella d awal, d awal d-nnan, ɣur-es anamek (lmeɛna) di tmagutin i t-iwulmen kan. Imi yal taligenṭ, yal tama n Tegrikt amek i tt-ttawi, amek i tt-tesawal. Yal taligenṭ, yal aɣref (groupe) deg wetnus n Tegrikt amek i tt-yettawi. Rnu yal aɣref yeqqar-as d taligenṭ-inu i d-yezwaren, d taligenṭ-inu i s n tidett. Maca zwar kulec, taligenṭ d taɣawsa tessexdam tmeslayt n tsekla. M ara d-yawi wetnus taligenṭ, ur tt-id-yettawi yara akken tella, yettbeddil-as ma issefk ad as-ibeddel, yettbeddil-as ittara-tt akken twulem, amek i twulem d wamek teffeɣ fell-as. Yal taligenṭ s tugnitt-ines. Anect-agi yesmektay-aɣ-id innan n isuffiyen d imedyazen. Yal asuffi, yal amyaru, yal amedyaz irennu sɣur-es i tlegdin d-yufa ɣer wetnus-ines. Degmi i yesefk ɣef win yeqqaren tiligdin, ad yissin tiligdin-agi amek ten-id-ttawin medden zik-nni, zwar ad sen-ɛiwden tira imyura-yagi d imedyazen-agi.
Taligenṭ d ayen d-snulfan lɣaci, d ayen d-qarren imezwura. Taligenṭ d lsas n yal tasekla. Agad yettarun tiligdin, ttarun ayen d-ufan yakkan ɣer imezwura-nnsen. Ulac d acu i d-snulfan si tama-nnsen yemyura-yagi. Ma yella amdyaz neɣ amyaru yuls-ed akken iwata taligenṭ, winna ad tafeḍ fehment lɣaci, yerna hemmlen-t. Imi di tegnitt am tagi, amedyaz-nni neɣ amyaru-nni, yerra-yasen i lɣaci ayen d-ufan yakkan ɣer imezwura-nnsen. Yella deg idles-nnsen. Taligenṭ d ayen illan deg idles n lɣaci-nni, sdaxel-nnsen, d ayen ran ad yilli. Degmi ifeṛzen iman-nnsen deg tlegdin sen-d-talsen imedyazen-nnsen d yemyura-nnsen. Ttɣilen-as ddunit-nni yella di tlegdin-nni d tinna i yellan di beṛṛa. D anect-agi meṛṛa i yettuɣalen d idles n yegduden. Tasekla tesnulfuy-d ddunit, tettcebbiḥ-itt s tmuga, s tmiṭafurin, tettaru-tent akken iwata. Rnu-yas yal amyaru ɣur-es abrid n tira-ines, weḥd-es. Yal tasekla tlul-ed deg wayen d-qarren lɣaci. Maca tasekla tettara ayen d-qarren lɣaci d tamagut neɣ d asefru. Tettara-t yecbeḥ. Tikwal tettara-t axiṛ n wakken t-id-nnan lɣaci. Degmi i nezmer ad nwali di tsekla timagut yela yal amyaru ɣef wayeḍ, ɣef yemdenan nniḍen, ɣef yegduden nniḍen. Yerna nezmer diɣen ad nefhem, m ara nɣer tasekla n yemyura-yagi, amek lɣaci-nnsen (widak-nni i wumi ttarun) ttwalin Wayeḍ d yegduden nniḍen.
Timagut am lemri. Maca d acu n wazal tela tmagut m ara d-terr udem mačči kan n yiwen wemdan, tikwal tettra ad aɣ-d-tesken udem n yegduden kan akken ? Amek tram diɣen akken udem n wayeḍ ad ɣ-d-yesefhem amek iga wudem-nneɣ ? M ara nesteqsi d acu i ɣ-d-teqqar tmagut, m ara nẓer astut-ines (Astut/ statut), dinna nesteqsay s tidett amek iga dɣa wudem-nni ɣ-d-teskanay.
Timagut ur tezmir ad tilli weḥd-es, ad d-temeslay ɣef yiman-is. Isefk ad tili taɣawsa ara tt-id-yeseknen. Nettwali udem-nneɣ di lemri akken d-ittuɣal deg wudem-is alegweɣan, udem-nni n lemri, igan i wannect-agi. Ma yelha lemri, yettexdem akken ilaq, iban kan akka ad-ɣ-d-yerr timagut-nneɣ akken tella, ad tt-nwalli akken ɣ-d-ttwalin wiyaḍ. Timagut nettwalli di lemri m ara nbed zdat-es d timagut-nneɣ, mačči d tin n lğar-nneɣ, mačči d tin n wayeḍ. Nɛeqqel iman-nneɣ. Degmi i wen d-nniɣ llina d akken timagut tuhwağ taɣawsa i ilaqen ad ɣ-tt-id-tesken. Timagut issefk ad tt-ttwaɛqal akken kan ara tt-nwalli. Issefk ad tt-neɛqel, ad nẓer d acu-tt, n wi-tt-ilan. Timagut-agi ɣur-es anamek (lmeɛna) ma yella neẓra d acu i ɣ-d-teskanay, ma yella diɣen yessen-itt wayeḍ, yettwali-tt akken tt-nettwali. Timagut teskanay-aɣ-d ayen nessen, ayen ssnen wiyaḍ, d wayen ɣef msefhamen yemdanen. Timagut, ɣur-es yiwen unamek, anida tebɣu tilli. Timagut tettmeslay i tmuɣli, tga akken ad tt-twali tiṭ, akken ad tt-nefreẓ, akken ad nẓer d acu-tt, d acu i ɣ-d-teqqar.
Timagut msefhamen fell-as yemdanen, almi tuɣal tira d awal n tedmust (Société/de démos, grec), tuɣal tettmeslay akken yettmeslay yiles-nneɣ. Tameslayt-agi n tedmust tella zwar ad tt-naru, am imeslayen, llan zwar ad ten-id-nini : imi m ara nessusem, ur nessusum ara axaṭer ur nessin ara a nemeslay. Ɣas nessusem, nessen a nemeslay, imi aẓeṭṭa n tmeslayt yella deg uqerray-nneɣ, yeffer seddaw yiles-nneɣ, ires ɣef udem ufus. Tameslayt-agi n tedmust d nettat i ineğṛen allaɣ-nneɣ, tezga tella yid-nneɣ. D nettat i yeneğṛen taluggust-nneɣ, axayel-nneɣ, tikta-nneɣ, d wayen akk nxeddem.
Timagut, kifkif, am tmeslayt-agi n tedmust, ula d nettat tneğer allaɣen-nneɣ d tiktiwin-nneɣ. Ur tezmir ara ad tili anamek (lmeɛna) ḥaca di tegnitt-is, ɣas akken neẓra d akken timagut-nni tezmer ad turar s tegnitt-nni-ines. Nezmer ad d-nini : "Yal timagut s tegnitt-ines." Degmi timagut ur tezmir ad ɣ-d-terr swaswa akken yella wayen ɣ-d-teskanay, imi d tamerwalt (treggwel). Ɣur-es tagnitt i tt-ifhmen, swayes nezmer diɣen ad tt-id-nesefhem. Degmi ur ɣ-ilaq ara ad neṛwu s tmagut n tsekla n Ilibbiyen. Isefk-aɣ ad nɛereḍ ad nefreẓ d acu ɣ-d-teqqar tmagut-agi, amek armi timagut-agi ɣur-es anamek (lmeɛna) ɣer widak tt-yettwalin, ɣer widak i wumi tt-nettak akken ad tt-wallin.
Tamuɣli n weɣref deg utestu
Yuɛar akken ad nefṛez ayen yellan, imi deg waṭas n tegnatin, ayen nettwali illuɣ. Yeffer ger tmagutin n tsekla. Aṭas n wayen nettaf di tsekla, ur t-nfeṛṛez ara imi ɣ-ireggel wanamek-ines. Imi tikwal ayen yellan iban ɣer wid yeqarren tasekla, ɣer-nneɣ nekkni, ur yefri ara. Nettxemmim, nettnadi akken ad nefṛez d acu i ran a t-id-inin yemyura-nni yuran di lawan-nni-nnsen, ɣef acu i ran ad d-meslayen. Ayen yellan zik-nni d tidett ɣer Yegrikkiyen, ayen-nni akk i inejṛen allaɣen-nnsen lawan-nni, ur iwulem ara assagi, imi ayen ttwallin lawan-nni-nnsen, ayen ssnen ɣef ddunit-agi, mačči akken i t-ttwalin yemdanen assagi. Tbeddel tmusni. Assagi nettwali ddunit akken tt-tra tmusni n lawan-agi neɣ ma tram tmusni tamaynut, akken tt-tettwali tluggust tamaynut. Ɣef annect-agi meṛṛa ara d-nmagger uguren yal tikkelt m ara nɛereḍ ad nefṛez timagut n Ilibbiyen di tsekla tagrikkit.
Yella diɣen wugur nniḍen, imi imyura n lawan-nni, nettɣil-iten d nutni i ɣ-d-yeskanayen idles n tmura-nnsen. Degmi tikwal ur nfeṛez ara d acu i d-ttarun yemyura-yagi, neɣ amek yettaru yal yiwen seg-sen. Neɣ ma tram, astil (style) n yal amyaru n lawan-nni neɣ tindi (tindi/origine) n tesmagut-ines (imagination) d ttin n lɣaci ukud yettidir. Amek i nezmer a nẓer d acu i s-yekkes neɣ d acu i s-yerna i tmagut ssnen akk at tallit-nni? Amek i izmer umyaru ad imsel allaɣ n widak-ines, widak-nni i wumi yettaru ?
Rnu, di tsekla, yella wayen i wumi neqqar ageniw (génie) n yal amyaru. Maca yella ugeniw n yal atnus. Rnu diɣen, yella umeslay gar yemyura-yagi ttmeslayen-t gar-asen. Ayen i wumi isemma Gérard Genette "Gar-itestuyen" (texte). Amek ara tferzeḍ tillin (existence) n utestu deg wayeḍ nniḍen, ticki ixab utestu amezwaru. Yerna isefk-aɣ diɣen ad nẓer ma yella itestuyen-agi ɣur-sen azal muqren, ma yella ttwarun neɣ ttmeslayen i waṭas n yemdanen neɣ i kra kan : akka am widak yeṛwan d widak yeɣran.
Isefk-aɣ a nẓer ma yella itestuyen-agi ttmeslayen-d s yisem n utnus. Axaṭer ticki tikti teqqen ɣer tmagut, ilaq timagutin-nni ad tt-nessiɣ (nzreɛ) akken iwata. Nezmer ad d-nini d akken anda tewweḍ tmagut, i yewweḍ uzal-is. Timagut-yagi ahaqel ɣur-es tillin lawan-nni kan i deg tt-nwala, neɣ ma tram teqqen kan ɣer tallit-nni akken i deg tt-nwala ? Timagut tettuɣal d EIDOS, timagut i yellan kan di tegwenitt-nni-ines, nettwali-tt akken tella imiren, neɣ tettɣimi kan d EIDOLUN PHANTASMA n wemyaru i yellan kan tallit-nni i deg neqqar ayen d-yura.
Deg wannect-agi akk i ɣ-ilaq ad nefṛez timagut n Ulibbi antiki : Ardmani ma yella yiwen usertu n Ulibbi kan neɣ ma llan aṭas ? Ilaq-aɣ a nẓer diɣen ma yella Igrikkiyen ttwalin akk s yiwet n tmuɣli Ilibbiyen, anda ma llan, di yal tamurt, di yal tallit n tudert-nnsen ?
Zwar ad nekcem akk di tlufa-yagi, ilaq-aɣ ad d-naf anwa i d METHODOS neɣ abrid ara neḍfer akken ad nefṛez akk anect-agi, akken ad nefṛez ladɣa anda-tt tilist i nezmer a neg i yisem-agi n Ulibbi d Ilibbiyen ?
Ansi d-yekka yisem n Ilibbiyen ?
Isefk-aɣ tura ad d-nesmekti, di libri-yagi, anisi d-yekka yisem-agi n Ilibbiyen. Atah d acu i d-yura Stéphane Gsell di libri-ines i wumi yeqqar Hérodote : « Isem agrikki Libué yekka-d di Libus d-yefrurin deg isem agefti "Libou". Libou, d wagi i d isem fkan di lawan-nni Igiftisen i imezdaɣ yettidiren ger wagulf n Sirtis d Ugeftus di leqrun XIII-XII. Ɣer Igiftisen i wwin Yegrikkiyen isem-agi. Dɣa akkagi isawalen Ygrikkiyen imezwura i imezdaɣ d-ufan di tamaṭ-agi n Tefrikt, asmi d-usan ar Kiṛinayik.»
Tazwara, isem-agi n Libus fkan-t kan Yegrikkiyen i tamaṭ-agi n Tefrikt, d-yezgan ɣef yilel agrakal, ger tmurt n Igiftus d wagulf n Sirtis. Uɣalen tagara-yagi ḍelqen isem-agi akk i Tefrikt ugafa akken ma tella. Fkan-as-t akken ad feṛzen tamaṭ-agi n ddunit d Urupa d Asiya. Maca ɣas akkenni llan di lawan-nni imyura ur nfṛiqq ara ger Libbiya d Asiya. Ttɣilen-as d yiwet n tmurt.
Yenna-d Stephane Gsell d akken Hiruddutus, yura-d di libri-ines wis-IV: zik-nni isem n Libbiya musnaw ugar isem n Ilibbiyen. Imi Libbiya d lber, yerna llan deg-s aṭas n itnusen, gar-asen at-tmurt d ibeṛṛaniyen. Gar at-tmurt-nni llan Ilibbiyen d Ityupiyen; ma gar ibeṛṛaniyen-nni, llan Igrikkiyen d Ikaṛtajiyen. Ɣer Hiruddutus, at Libus d imezdaɣ yettidiren ger tmurt n Igiftus d lkaf n Sulus. Ma d at Aithiopes, wigi d itnusen iberkanen yettidiren di tama n wadda n lber n Libbiya. Am akken twallam ihi, Igiftisen, ɣer Yegrikkiyen, mačči d Ilibbiyen.
Ɣer François Chamoux, isem "Alibbi" ɣur-s tlata inumak : tikwal qarren-t i imezdaɣ n Tefrikt ugafa s umata, akken ad ten-feṛzen d Ityupiyen; tikwal qqaren-t i imezdaɣ n Kiṛini kan; tikwal diɣen qarren-t kan i Yegrikkiyen yettidiren di Kiṛinayik, warraw n Hilini, i d-yusan di Tegrikt. Tagara, qarren-t Iṛumaniyen ula i Ikartajinen. Degmi agad yettarun ttemxalafen ɣef yisem-agi "Alibbi". Yal yiwen seg-sen amek i t-yettwali. Ɣef ayagi i yewɛeṛ tikwal a nefṛez anwa i d Alibbi, anwa i mačči d Alibbi.
Dɣa d annect-agi ara neɛreḍ ad wen-nsefhem di libri-yagi. A nwali d acu i d-urran wagad d-yemeslayen ɣef Ilibbiyen, ssyen sakkin, a nwalli yal yiwen d acu i d-yenna, amek yettwali Ilibbiyen.
A nwali diɣen lxiḍ yellan di lawan-nni ger Yegrikkiyen d imezdaɣ n Tefrikt Ugafa, d imezdaɣ akk iqqnen ɣer tama-yagi n ddunit.
Tella tɣawsa nniḍen i ɣef ilaq diɣen ad d-nemeslay fell-as. Tagi d amudus (du latin modus/mode) n umasi (Contact/amawal) yellan gar Yegrikkiyen d Ilibbiyen, agad yettawin ttaran gar-asen, d acu i ttmeslayen, imi wigi, ula d nutni, akken qarren : "kra yella kra yerna". Llan tlata isurta gar wigi yettawin ttaran gar sin itnusen-agi.
1) Llan Yegrikkiyen yettxalaḍen arraw n tmurt-nni, neɣ kra deg-sen, widak-nni i wumi qarren Ikiṛaniyen (Wigi d arraw n tmurt izedɣen di Kiṛinayik).
2) Igiftisen, wagad-nni dɣa i d-yemlan isem n Libou i Yegrikkiyen, d nutni diɣen i sen-yettmeslayen ɣef Ilibbiyen, qarren-asen amek i ten-ttwallin.
3) Ifeṛsiyen, ula d nutni usan-d ar Libbiya, maca ur mulen ara. Nutni diɣen aṭas i d-nnan ɣef tmurt n Libbiya d tudert n Ilibbiyen.
4) Ikaṛtajiyen, nutni ttidiren d warraw n tmurt. Aṭas i wwin Yegrikkiyen ɣer-sen ɣef ayen yerzan tameddurt n Ilibbiyen.
5) Iṛumaniyen, wigini ur ɣ-yegzi ara aṭas wayen txemmimen ɣef Ilibbiyen, imi nutni, usan-d kan ṭṭfen tamurt n Tefrikt Ufella. Nutni ur d-usin ara akken ad isinnen imezdaɣ-ines, usan-d kan akken ad tt-ṭṭfen.
Ayen akk d-qarren itnusen-agi ɣef Ilibbiyen, isefk-aɣ ad t-id-nesmekti. Ad t-id-nesmekti, akken ad nefhem timagut ssulin Yegrikkiyen ɣef Ilibbiyen. Imi Igrikkiyen d ayen akk slan ɣef utnus-agi i d-ttalsen di tira-nnsen. Rnu tagara, d ayen slan i si yuɣalen umnen, i yuɣalen d timagut n utnus alibbi. Maca gar imagaren-agi meṛṛa, amagar akk i ssnen Yegrikkiyen di Libbiya d Ikiṛaniyen. Imi d nutni i yettidiren d Ilibbiyen n tmurt. Rnu diɣen, akken t-id-yura Pindarus, ɣef Yegrikkiyen yeṭṭfen tamurt n Kiṛinayik, ula d nutni, ttawin-d awal di tmucuha-nnsen ɣef Ilibbiyen. Ula d nutni ttikkin di lebni n tmagut lan Ilibbiyen ɣer Yegrikken di tallit-nni. Kiṛinayik d amkan anda mlalen sin itnusen-agi : Igrikkiyen d Ilibbiyen. Dinna i ttidiren akken, dinna izdin, dinna i ttemyekcamen, dinna akk imyusanen akken iwata. Gar Yegrikkiyen akk d Ilibbiyen yettidiren di Kiṛinayik, ulac wis tlata.
Annect-agi akk yewwi-yaɣ-d ar westeqsi-yagi : ayen akk nessen ɣef Ilibbiyen, amenḍar d ayen d-iqqar wis tlata ? D ayen ttmeslayen wagad yettidiren yid-sen di tallit-nni ? D ayen ttxayalen imaruyen igrikkiyen ? Akka, timagut n Ulibbi tewweḍ almi tuɣal d asurti n tira (Annect-agi ad t-id-nmager ar zdat m ara nɛreḍ ad nefhem d acu i yurran imyura ihiliniten ɣef Ilibbiyen) - Dagi, nezmer ad d-nini d akken agad yeqqaren, ttamnen, ladɣa imyura yessnen ad arun. Ttamnen-ten ɣas ma yella ayen d-nnan akk ɣef Ilibbiyen ur yell'ara. Rnu-yas diɣen tallit i deg ttarun yemyura-yagi, imi akken qarren s teqbaylit : "Yal tallit s tallit-is."
Akuṛpus
Akuṛpus, ilaq-as uccima (Schéma). Accima-yagi, netta, ilaq-as ad yeḍfer afsir (exposé/amawal), ulama ur s-d-tewwi yara akken ad t-ilḥeq neɣ a s-d-yezg. Ammer d lebɣi, tettunefk-aɣ tegnitt akken ad awen-d-nefk ɣef tikkelt akk awalen d-yura yal amyaru, ɣas ulama awalen-nni akk ines ur d-ttmeslayen ara ɣef yiwet n tɣawsa. Degmi i nra ad neğğ tilelli i win ara yeɣren libri-yagi, d netta i wumi ilaq ad d-yaf lxiḍ ger wawalen-agi. Nekni, si tama-nneɣ, urdu (du latin ordo/ordre) ara nefren akken ad awen-d-nefk itistiyen ad yilli d urdu n tkṛunulugit, neɣ ma tram d urdu n wesru (temps/mot kabyle ancien), mačči d urdu n usefhem neɣ n tanuyt, am wakken nga di testudi-yagi-nneɣ (Tastudi : du latin studium). Di tallit n Humiṛus ar tin n Plutaṛkus tefuṛsi-yaɣ akken ad neg akkagi. Maca, ɣas akkenni, ad neɛreḍ ad awen-d-nefk yal atestu di tegnitt-ines (Di tegnitt i deg yettwaru).
Ma yella d itestiyen iɣezfanen, am utestu n Hiruddutus d Apullunus n Rudis d wiyaḍ, ur ten-id-nettawi ara i meṛṛa di libri-yagi, maca ad awen-d-nefk libriwat i deg tzemren ad ten-tafem d libriwat nniḍen d-yettmeslayen fell-asen. Di libri-yagi-nneɣ nekni, ad awen-d-nefk kan kra n yekafuten (caput, tête, chapitre) n itestiyen n yemurya-yagi. Ikafuten i wulmen, widak yerzan ayen i ɣef nettnadi.
Accima
Akken ad nmeyyez accima n ukuṛpus, ɣur-nneɣ sin iberdan. Si tama, nezmer ad nestudi (étudier) tamuɣli lan Yegrikkiyen ɣef Ilibbiyen, neɣ ad d-nbeggen akk udmawen n tmagut n Ilibbiyen; si tama-nniḍen, nezmer ad anani akuṛpus s webrid n tesṭurya, i deg ara d-nesmekti tinerni n tmagut n Ilibbiyen di yal tallit n tesṭurya-ines. Nekni nefren abrid-agi, neɣ udus-agi wis-sin, wagi n tesṭurya.
Imi iberdan-agi i sin, ɣur-sen tawwurt, ɣur-sen uguren. Amezwaru yettak-d tamuɣli s umata ɣef tima (du grec Théma/sujet), maca ahaqel ma mazal tela anamek (sima) tsemlilt n mraw n leqrun n tsekla, imi Igrikkiyen n tallit n Humiṛus ur ttwalin ddunit-agi akken tt-ttwalin Yegrikken n tallit n Plutaṛkus. Tasemlilt neɣ tasantast (Synthèse/Amawal) di tegnitt am tagi tewɛeṛ akken ad a s-naf ixef-is, imi tezmer, di yal tagnitt, ad teqlaɛ ɣef iẓuran tasekla-yagi deg wakal n tallit-ines, winna akkenni i deg d-tellul.
Atah acimi ihi i nefren abrid wis-sin, abrid n tesṭurya. Imi abrid-agi yeṭṭafar asru, yeskanay-d di yal tallit amek tella deg-s tmagut n wayeḍ; amek tettnerni di tallit ɣer tayeḍ. Amek yettbeddil unamek n tmagut s umata, i deg tella tinna n Ilibbiyen. Maca ugur n webrid-agi n tesṭurya, ẓẓay ciṭuḥ, imi yeqwa deg-s wallus (uɛiwed), imi tikwal, tinerni-yagi n tmagut ur yettwafreẓ ara akken iwata. Maca timagut n Ilibbiyen a d-tettban am akken yuzzel fell-as ukeryun acḥal n tikkal.
Akka, a nwalli ɣer tmagut n Ulibbi tlata yesgiwen neɣ udmawen. Isgiwen-yagi (Asegiw/Dimension/Amawal) ṭṭafaren tinerni n umudus (Mode) n tudert n Yegrikkiyen, imawlan n tfiluẓufit, ɣef akken d-qarren. Asgiw amezwaru d tallit n tligenṭ: anda timagut n wayeḍ-Alibbi nettaf-itt ḥaca deg tligenṭ d tmucuha, anda tugar tfantasma, anda yexḍel tligenṭ d tluggust.
Asgiw wis-sin, wagi d tallit n tluggust, anda yebda Wegrikki yeggar tamawt ɣer tmeddurt n wayeḍ, ɣer tmeddurt n wer-Agrikki. Dɣa ssyenna i d-tebda tmuɣli taluggant. Imiren i d-tellul tetnugrafit, neɣ tussna ɣef yegduden. Dinna ibdan yemyura-nnsen ttnadin ad issinen amek ttidiren yetnusen nniḍen, amek ttxemmimen, amek i ttwalin ddunit... Maca anect-agi yuhwağ tamawt neɣ isalen (Dagi nezmer ad d-nmagger ugur anect-ilat, imi yuɛar akken ad nwali anisi d-yugem wemyaru isalen-ines). Tagrikt, deg wakken tella d tigzirt, twehha i "wbeḥri n lxilaf." Maca, ɣas akkenni, mazal ttwalin Alibbi d abaṛbaṛ, imi ur yessaweḍ ad yelḥeq atnus agrikki di tɣerma. Ttwalin-t seddaw-nnsen. Ttwalin-t, di tallit-agi, d atnus n Tetnulugit, akken s-yeqqar Levi-Strauss.
Ma d asgiw aneggaru, wagi d tallit muqqren, imi ɣer yetnusen-agi "ibaṛbaṛen" bdant ttifrirent-ed seg-sen tfiggurin timiqranin, tfiggurin tesṭuriyen, mačči ttidak-nni n zik-nni, tidak-nni tetnugrafit. Alibbi, neɣ Afrikki, yuɣal iga amkan-is di tesṭurya d tikli n tesṭurya. Tasṭurya yeqnen ɣer tesmagut n Yegrikkiyen.
Maca, ɣas yella akk wanect-agi, ur tettafeḍ ara isgiwen-agi ttwafeṛzen. Tzemreḍ ad ten-tafeḍ i tlata ɣef tikkelt deg tira n yiwen wemyaru, ɣas ad yili wemyaru-yagi ittaru di lawan n tfigguriyin-agi tesṭuriyin. Degmi i nra ad nmeyyez i tlata yesgiwen-agi, yerna ad d-neɛreḍ ad d-nesbin deg-sen turart n wudmawen ttakken Yegrikkiyen, deg tesmagut-nnsen, i Ilibbiyen.
Xuḍi, akken ad d-nesefṛez akken iwata, akken a neɛqel tinerni tasṭuryit di tsmagut n Yegrikkiyen d wamek ttwalin ibaṛbaṛen s umata, gar-asen Ilibbiyen. A naf ihi llant rebɛa tilla n wamek ttwalin Yegrikkiyen Ilibbiyen akk d itnusen ibaṛbaṛen.
1°) Tallit taṛkayit, tagi d tallit n telgenṭ, anda Igrikkiyen ur ttxalaḍen ara itnusen nniḍen.
2°) Tallit taklasikkit (Tatnugrafit), anda bdan teffɣen Yegrikkiyen, bdan ttxalaḍen leğnas nniḍen, ladɣa di lkumiṛs.
3°) Tallit tahilinistit, di tallit-agi i deg ibeddel umagar lan Yegrikkiyen d yetnusen nniḍen. Imi degmi yewweḍ Aliksandrus Umiggas ɣer yal tamurt, bdan Yegrikkiyen ttemlilen itnusen nniḍen, bdan ttissinen-ten, bdan maḍi ttwalin-ten akkin nniḍen. Dɣa imiren i d-illul wawal-nni "Kusmupulitis". Maca, ɣas akkenni abeṛṛani, ɣer Yegrikkiyen, ur ibeddel ara aṭas. Di tira taliksandrit, imyura n Tegrikt, ur ttun ara tamuɣli n tlegdin-nnsen.
4°) Tallit taṛumanit, tagi tbeddel akk deg-s tmuɣli yellan ɣef ddunit. Ssyen akkin d nutni i yettawin lxiḍ ger Ilibbiyen d Yegrikkiyen, yernu d awal-nnsen i yettɛeddayen. D nutni i yeṭṭfen ddunit-agi. Iṛumaniyen ɣur-sen tamuɣli ula ɣef Yegrikkiyen. Di lgirrat-nni n tifiniqqiyin (puniques), tɛawed akk tmagut n Ilibbiyen.


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Amezwaru (Fransa):
Tiwaculin eyant deg liḥala i yettidirent deg Tmurt n Yeqbayliyen. Kra yellan ɣla, tadrimt ur d-tkeččem ara, ur s-zmirent ara i tudert. ɣef wannect-a ttrebya n warraw-nsen teffeɣ afus-nsen. Lwacul teffɣen-d seg yiɣerbazen zik. Adabu ur sen-d-teclie ara deg-sen. Ad s-tiniḍ mačči d izzayriyen, lhan-d kan d wid yellan yid-sen. Winna i sen-yewten afus rennun ssalayen-t, wayeḍ ad t-yawi yiɣẓer.
Aḍebsi “La parabole” daɣen yerna ikemmel-as. Tilifun, internet akked wallalen atraren, Izzayriyen uread ur s-zmiren ara.. Ilmeẓyen uɣalen ttargun, yeffeɣ-iten leeqel. Ansay-nsen bran-asen yakk, dɣa ur frin d irumiyen neɣ d aeraben.
Wis-sin (Swis)
Leqbayel fkan afus. D nekkni i d-yeskecmen ikabariyen mačči d Adabu. Adabu seg zik ulac-it deg tmurt.. Bgayet teččur d ttbernat. Ger ttberna d tayeḍ tella ttberna. D acu i ten-yewwin ɣer wannect-a? D idrimen. Axeddim ulac, ufan-d aya. Deg-s ttawin-d s tefses tadrimt, aladɣa srabes n tebzert ur ten-d-tqessed ara.
Ma d lehyuf llan seg zik. Imedyazen-nneɣ seg zik ttaddren-t-id deg yisefra-nsen: asebsi, lkif..atg. D acu kan tura tuɣal einani.. lbirra deg yiberdan..
Sarameɣ kan ur d-ttnulfun ara leeyub nniḍen sya d asawen..
Ma d “la parabole” icuba-yi rebbi tewwi-d aṭas n nnfee..Seg waṭas-aya d nekkni nettcetki deg “l’unique” ..ass-a mi yella ufran ad tt-id-nerr fell-as
Wis-kraḍ (Fransa)
Aya yeffeɣ-d seld timunnent kan. Deg Tmurt, nella nettemsefham deg ugara-nneɣ. Adabu i wakken ad ɣ-ireẓ yuzen-aɣ-d lehyuf i wakken ad ɣ-icemmet ɣer wiyyaḍ. Yefka ttesriḥ d turagin i yimǧahden ad ldin ttbernat.. Γas akken s lekwaɣeḍ i tent-ldin, maca wiyyaḍ eunden-ten..aladɣa imi tella deg-sen tedrimt. Mi ara yeseu yiwen taḥanut n učči n mebla lekwaɣeḍ srabes n tebzert ttawḍen-tt-id imiren yakan, mi ara d-yeldi yiwen ttberna qemmcen allen-nsen fell-as.. Aya d asebɣes i uznaz n ccrab d wayen nniḍen deg tmurt n yeqbayliyen
Aɣerbaz deg aydeg ad irebbi igerdan, yessexrab-asen, yettarra-ten d aeraben, yesseeraq-asen anwa i d nutni.
Wis-kuẓ (Fransa)
Neknni nerwel-d yakk si tmurt. Wid yeɣran ǧǧan tamurt. Ulac dɣa anwa ara iwellhen wiyaḍ. Nekk akken ttwaliɣ tifrat d abrid i d-yewwi Ferḥat Mhenni, d abrid n Timanit. S Timanit nezmer ad d-nexdem isuḍaf i ɣ-yelhan, i ɣ-iwulmen. D nekkni kan i yeẓran d acu i yeffɣen fell-aɣ. Adabu yezga iteẓẓu-aɣ isennanen deg yiḥerqan-nneɣ. S tsertit-is idemmer imdanen ɣer tiṭṭurfa, yiwen yefren abrid n ddin neɣ asɣan, wayeḍ d lehyuf d wayen n diri i yeḍfer.
Wis-semmus (Tiz-Wezzu)
Ikabariyen nnulfan-d 15 iseggasen kan ɣer deffir. Akabari d axxam ixellun ixammen. Adabu yeǧǧa tamurt. Ikabariyen xeddmen ayen i sen-yehwan, ttawin-d lehyuf d tlawin ɣer tuddar. Ilmeẓyen (17-22 iseggasen) ttwazzewlen, ttawin yir iberdan.. Deg uɣerbaz teffɣen-d zik. Deg berra, ur ufin ara axeddim. Dɣa d lehyuf d tlawin kan i d-ttafen sdat-sen, itekkes-asen ɣef wul.
Wis-sḍis (Lezzayer)
Tibyarin ttemcuyarent deg ubrid. Anda terriḍ ad ten-tafeḍ. Sumsent yakk tawennaṭ. Tiwuɣa i d-xeddment i yemsebriden ṭṭuqtent: asṭerḍeq n rrwaḍi n tkeryas…atg. Awanek daɣen ulac-it, yebra-yas yakk. Imawlan ur ttrebbin ara arraw-nsen, ur sen-d-teclie ara deg-sen. Lakul ur ixeddem ara lxedma-s..
Wis-sa (Fransa, 80 iseggasen)
Ilemẓi ur ixeddmen ara ur yezmir ara ad yeṭṭef iman-is. Ula d timetti daɣen ur s-tezmir. Tura deg taddart ulac la leib ulac la leḥram. Yiwen ur yettqadar wayeḍ. Mmi-s ur yettaɣ awal i baba-s. Asqamu n taddart awal-is ur yetteedday ara. D nekkni i tt-id-yewwin i yiman-nneɣ..
Wis tam (Lezzayer)
Lehyuf-a d tamsalt n twacult. Tawacult meqqren, yesean lɣaci, rnu-as lixṣas n tedrimt, aya yessufuɣ arrac ger yifassen n yimawlan.. Yessefk tiwaculin tiqbayliyen ur d-ttarwent ara s waṭas. Drus kan n dderya ieum. Akka ad s-zemrent i usegmi-nsen.
Yessefk ad d-iniɣ belli aya mačči d iǧadarmiyen i t-id-yettawin,acku walaɣ deg Bumerdes iǧadarmiyen ur stahzanen ara. Maca tella daɣen yiwet n tɣawsa, icuba-yi rebbi tesmeɣrem aṭas taluft. Acku deg taddart ulac aya i d-teqqarem akka.Aat taddart mazal ttemqadaren. Ilmeẓyen ur d-ttarran ara awal i yimeqranen. Deg ubrid, ad k-d-qablen yakk s azul. D tidet deg temdinin timeqranin yezmer ad yili waya..maca deg tudrin ulac.
Adabu daɣen ur d-yefki ara afus i Tmurt n Yeqbayliyen. Ttemrafin iqbayliyen ad ten-yawi yiɣzer.

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


text:
Meḥmud Derwic
Meḥmud Derwic d amedyaz afalesṭini iluled ass n 13 meɣres 1941 g l' Birwa g Falesṭin yemmut g 9 ɣuct 2008 g Huston, Teksas g Yiwunak Yedduklen n Marikan (WDM) yella yessebdes imenɣi n wegdud ines maca yella yal ass yessaram talwit, isem-is mucaɛ gar igduden ciɛa n isem-is teffeɣ tilas n tmurt-is, netta y d aselway n tdukli n imyura ifalesṭiniyen, yessufeɣ ugar n 20 isunad n tmedyazt, 7 idlisen n tasrit, yella daɣen anemhal n tifeffeɣt am aɣmis n Al Jadid (Amaynut), Al-Fajr (Tafrara) Al-Karmel.
--Talwit 21:28, 23 Ctember 2008 (UTC),


text:
I Abdellah 3cini
Comments
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Azul a Lalla Khadija,
Tanemmirt timerghit xef tamedyazt a-d nem tanafawt.
eabdullah ecini d argaz
d amazigh abergaz
ur iksud tillas
ur yugad anebbad butkerkas…
Mek lli inna Mass eabdullah ecini:
“yufa iman-is d-agheyul”
“ixef-is s w-alim yetcur (yektar)”…
Ayyuz…
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ayyuz massa xadija
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Azul,
tanmirt nm awltmanu khadija Arouhal,iyid imlan sit ad,issmun imdyazngh d tmdyazin ngh n tmazight yussin si3r n matngh igan tamzgha,
tanmirt nm,d ayyuuuuuuz nm f tmdyazt ad igan tilily u mddaklngh d unazur ngh mqqurn abdellah 3chini,gmatngh d iwitngh igan mafan nin ntgga tuggas smamu nufa attid nassi ghwanu ghn illa attiga d tbanniqt illasn ghtgan wa3rabn,fwawal amazigh,
ayyuuuuuuuuuz ayyuuuuuuuuuuz nm awltmanu khadija Arouhal.
-
Azul aghensan i tmedyazt nnegh :
Ayyuz nnem ghif tedyazt ddegh ifulkin ,ifessusn maca ta-lli yusin aZaZa ixatern.Tadyazt nnem tga taghuyyit n tlelli,taghuyyit n uzref s unya asfafad mgal ucengu agh ur irin amur n tudert d ili.Tadyazt nnem tga aZawan n ujerded i umeghnas di-nna g illa zund Mass 3cini d wi-yyaD.Tadyazt nnem tga tughratin nna ur itettu ku ameghnas iddegh ra teg taghlaghalt tughlilt g imejjan nnes .
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Azul, tanmirt nm awltmanu khadija Arouhal,iyid imlan sit ad,issmun imdyazngh d tmdyazin ngh n tmazight yussin si3r n matngh igan tamzgha, tanmirt nm,d ayyuuuuuuz nm f tmdyazt ad igan tilily u mddaklngh d unazur ngh mqqurn abdellah 3chini,gmatngh d iwitngh igan mafan nin ntgga tuggas smamu nufa attid nassi ghwanu ghn illa attiga d tbanniqt illasn ghtgan wa3rabn,fwawal amazigh, ayyuuuuuuuuuz ayyuuuuuuuuuuz nm awltmanu khadija Arouhal.


text:
1
Ifariziyen slan s Sidna Ɛisa yesɛa aṭas n inelmaden yerna yesseɣḍas imdanen akteṛ n Yeḥya.
2
Lameɛna Sidna Ɛisa mačči d nețța s yiman-is i gesseɣḍasen lɣaci, ccɣel-agi yeǧǧa-t i inelmaden-is. Mi geẓra Sidna Ɛisa belli slan yis,
3
yeffeɣ si tmurt n at Yahuda. Iwakken ad yuɣal ɣer tmurt n Jlili,
4
ilaq-as ad iɛeddi ɣef tmurt n Samarya.
5
Yelḥeq ɣer taddart n Sicar iqeṛben akal i d-yeǧǧa Sidna Yeɛqub i mmi-s Yusef ;
6
dinna i gella lbir n Sidna Yeɛqub. Sidna Ɛisa yeqqim ɣef yiri n lbir akken ad yesteɛfu. Aț-țili d tnac n wass.
7Yiwet n tmeṭṭut n Samarya tusa-d aț-țagem ; Sidna Ɛisa iluɛa-ț, yenna yas : A tameṭṭut, ma ulac aɣilif efk- yi-d ad sweɣ !
8Yuɣ lḥal inelmaden-is ṛuḥen ɣer temdint a d-aɣen ayen ara ččen.
9Tameṭṭut-nni tasamarit tenna-yas : Amek, kečč yellan n wat Isṛail tessutreḍ-iyi-d aț-țesweḍ i nekk yellan ț-țasamarit ? (axaṭer at Isṛail ur țemsaɛaden ara yerna ur țemxalaḍen ara d isamariyen).
10Sidna Ɛisa yerra-yas : Lemmer teẓriḍ ayen i gebɣa Ṛebbi a m-t-id yefk akk-d win i m-d-yessutren aman, tili d kemm ara s-yessutren a m-d-yefk aț țesweḍ ; nețța, d aman yessidiren ara m-d-yefk.
11Tameṭṭut-nni tenna-yas : A Sidi, ur tesɛiḍ ara s wacu ara d-tessaliḍ aman yerna lbir-agi lqay. Ansi ara k-d-kken waman-agi yessidiren ?
12Tebɣiḍ eɛni a d-tiniḍ tɛeddaḍ jeddi-tneɣ Yeɛqub i ɣ-d yeǧǧan lbir-agi, i geswan seg-s nețța d warraw-is akk țqeḍɛiyin-is ?
13Sidna Ɛisa yerra-yas : Kra n win ara yeswen seg waman-agi ad yuɣal ad iffad,
14lameɛna win ara yeswen seg waman ara s-d-fkeɣ ur yețțuɣal ara ad iffad. Yerna aman ara s-d-fkeɣ ad uɣalen deg-s ț-țaɛwint ur nețɣaṛ ara, a d-tețfeggiḍ seg-s tudert n dayem.
15Tameṭṭut-nni tenna-yas : A Sidi, efk-iyi-d seg waman-agi iwakken ur țțuɣaleɣ ara ad ffadeɣ neɣ a d-aseɣ ɣer lbir-agi ad agmeɣ.
16Sidna Ɛisa yenna-yas : Ṛuḥ ssiwel-as i wergaz-im tuɣaleḍ-ed ɣer dagi !
17Tameṭṭut-nni terra-yas : Ur sɛiɣ ara argaz ! Sidna Ɛisa yenna-yas : Tesɛiḍ lḥeqq imi d-tenniḍ ur sɛiɣ ara argaz.
18Axaṭer xemsa iberdan i tzewǧeḍ, win yellan yid-em tura mačči d argaz-im ; deg wannect-agi ț-țideț i d-tenniḍ !
19Nețțat tenna-yas : A Sidi, ɛeqleɣ-k d nnbi i telliḍ.
20Ini-yi-d anwa i gesɛan lḥeqq : lejdud nneɣ isamariyen ɛebbden Ṛebbi ɣef wudrar-agi, ma d kunwi s wat Isṛail teqqaṛem amkan anda i glaq a neɛbed Ṛebbi, d Lquds.
21Sidna Ɛisa yenna-yas : A tameṭṭut, amen s wayen ara m-d-iniɣ ! Iteddu-d lweqt anda mačči ɣef wedrar-agi neɣ di Lquds ara yețwaɛbed Baba Ṛebbi.
22Kunwi s isamariyen tɛebbdem ayen ur tessinem ara, ma d nukkni nɛebbed ayen nessen axaṭer leslak ițekk-ed seg wegdud n Isṛail.
23Lameɛna iteddu-d lweqt yerna yewweḍ-ed, anda lmumnin n ṣṣeḥ ad ɛebbden Baba Ṛebbi s Ṛṛuḥ, s tideț, axaṭer d lmumnin-agi n ṣṣeḥ i gebɣa Baba Ṛebbi.
24Imi Ṛebbi d Ṛṛuḥ i gella, ilaq wid ara t-iɛebden a t-ɛebden s Ṛṛuḥ ț-țideț.
25Tameṭṭut-nni tenna-yas : ?riɣ a d-yas win i gextaṛ Sidi Ṛebbi, win ițțusemman « Lmasiḥ ». Asm'ara d-yas a ɣ-d-yessefhem kra yellan.
26Sidna Ɛisa yerra-yas : Lmasiḥ, d nekk s yiman-iw !
27Imiren kan wwḍen-d inelmaden is. Wehmen imi i t-id-ufan yețmeslay ț-țmeṭṭut ; lameɛna yiwen deg-sen ur s-yenni : d acu i tebɣiḍ ɣuṛ-es, neɣ iwacu i tețmeslayeḍ yid-es ?
28Dɣa tameṭṭut-nni teǧǧa tacmuxt-is dinna, tuzzel ɣer taddart tenna i lɣaci :
29Eyyaw aț-țe?rem yiwen yenna-yi-d akk ayen xedmeɣ ! Ad yili d nețța i d Lmasiḥ !
30Lɣaci ffɣen-d si taddart ṛuḥen ad ẓren Sidna Ɛisa.
31Uqbel a d-yaweḍ lɣaci, inelmaden-is ḥeṛsen-t ad yečč, nnan-as : A Sidi ɛeddi-d aț-țeččeḍ !
32Yenna-yasen : Sɛiɣ lqut ara ččeɣ meɛna kunwi ur teẓrim ara d acu-t.
33Inelmaden qqaṛen wway gar asen : Ahat yella win i s-d-yewwin ad yečč.
34Sidna Ɛisa yenna : Lqut-iw, d m'ara xedmeɣ lebɣi n win i yi-d-iceggɛen akken ad kemmleɣ ccɣel i ɣef i yi-iwekkel.
35Kunwi teqqaṛem mazal ṛebɛa wagguren i tmegra ma d nekk a wen-d-iniɣ: ldit allen-nwen aț-țwalim igran weṛṛaɣ-it, wejden i tmegra !
36Win imeggren yewwi lexlaṣ-is, ijemmeɛ lɣella i tudert n dayem. Akka lfeṛḥ yesdukkel win izerrɛen d win imeggren.
37Axaṭer ț-țideț lemtel-agi i d-yeqqaṛen : « Yiwen izerreɛ wayeḍ imegger » !
38Nekk ceggɛeɣ-kkun aț-țmegrem anda ur tezriɛem ara, anda i nɛețțaben wiyaḍ ; nutni nɛețțaben, kunwi tɣelltem lɣella n leɛtab-nsen.
39Aṭas n isamariyen n taddart-nni i gumnen s Sidna Ɛisa mi d-tcehhed fell-as tmeṭṭut-nni s imeslayen-agi : «yenna-yi-d akk ayen i xedmeɣ !»
40Mi wwḍen ɣuṛ-es isamariyen-nni, ḥellelen Sidna Ɛisa ad iqqim yid-sen. Dɣa yeqqim yid-sen sin wussan.
41Aṭas nniḍen i gumnen yis mi slan i imeslayen-is.
42Nnan-as i tmeṭṭut-nni : Tura numen yis mačči kan ɣef wayen i ɣ-d-tenniḍ fell-as, nesla yas s yiman-nneɣ, neẓra belli d nețța i d amcafeɛ n ddunit.
43Mi ɛeddan sin wussan, Sidna Ɛisa iṛuḥ syenna ɣer tmurt n Jlili.
44Yenna-yasen : « Ulac nnbi yesɛan leqdeṛ di tmurt-is. »
45Mi gewweḍ ɣer tmurt n Jlili, lɣaci sṭreḥben yis s lfeṛḥ d ameqqran imi ula d nutni ḥedṛen i lɛid n Tfaska di temdint n Lquds, ẓran akk lbeṛhanat i gexdem dinna.
46Yuɣal iɛedda ɣef taddart n Kana di tmurt n Jlili anda akken i gerra aman d ccṛab. Yella yiwen lḥakem n ddewla n temdint n Kafernaḥum yesɛa mmi-s yuḍen yenṭer.
47Mi gesla s Sidna Ɛisa yuɣal-ed si tmurt n Yahuda ɣer tmurt n Jlili, iṛuḥ-ed ɣuṛ-es, iḥellel-it iwakken a d yas ad yesseḥlu mmi-s yețmețțaten.
48Sidna Ɛisa yenna-yas : M'ur twalam ara licaṛat d lbeṛhanat ur tețțamnem ara ?
49Lḥakem n ddewla yenna-yas : A Sidi, di leɛnaya-k ɣiwel uqbel ad yemmet mmi !
50Sidna Ɛisa yerra-yas : Ṛuḥ, atan mmi-k yeḥla ! Argaz-nni yumen s wayen i s-d yenna Sidna Ɛisa, dɣa yuɣal
51ɣer wexxam-is. Mi gteddu ɣer wexxam, mmugren-t-id iqeddacen-is nnan-as : Mmi-k yeḥla !
52Yesteqsa-ten anta ssaɛa i deg yeḥla, rran-as-ed : Iḍelli ɣef lweḥda n tmeddit i t-teffeɣ tawla.
53Baba-s n weqcic-nni yewwi-d s lexbaṛ belli di ssaɛa-nni i s-d-yenna Sidna Ɛisa « Mmi-k yeḥla » i geḥla mmi-s, seg imiren yumen nețța d wat wexxam-is meṛṛa.
54D wagi i d lbeṛhan wis sin i gexdem Sidna Ɛisa di tmurt n Jlili mi d-yuɣal si tmurt n Yahuda.


text:
Tamlellayt tilellit (Alternative libertaire) : anwi i d nekni ?
Amlellay imeslelli "AL", Alternative libertaire, d tamsuddest n t n Fransa i d-ilulen aseggas n 1991.
AL d timerniwt ɣef tin iwmi qqaren awernaḍ-tasdukka d umussu n yixeddamen ur nqebbel ddel akken i d-tella seg Tagraɣlant Tamezwarut. Azal-is d tasertit i d-ibedden ɣef umahil n waddagen d trebbuyaɛ timettanin yettwaqehren ideg iswi-s d tagrawla, d timanit akked mgal tamsihrant.
AL tessuter tirmit n yigrawliwen, seg tsertit n tallit-nsen.
- Bakounine d yimeɣnasen-is deg Tagraɣlant Tamezwarut ;
- Inmalayen igrawliwen n CGT n Fransa uqbel n 1914 ;
- Makhnovstchina akked lsas n temsuddsan n yiwernaḍen n tmurt n Rus yenfan ;
- Tawernaḍt-tanmalut n Spanya, tirmit n tegrawla timettit n useggas 1936 ladɣa tigawt n terbaɛt n “Imdukal n Durruti”.
- Tidukkla n Tesdukka timeslellit (FCL) akked Ameskan n Tesdukka Timeslellit n Georges Fontenis deg useggas 1954 ;
- Tazrart n yixeddamen yizdukiyen, leqdic Daniel Guérin akked usenfar Asdukkan Imeslelli deg useggas 1986.
Akken yebɣu yili, ɣas ccḍen imi yal yiwen irennu ciṭ, tirmitin am ti d tid i d-yewwin amecwar ameqqran akken ad d-ibedd umussu asdukkan imeslelli n talllit-a ideg nettidir.
Ass-a, Amlellay imeslelli "AL" yessenfal yiwet n tsertit yersan ɣef krad wadagen :
- taneflit n uḍru asdukkan imeslelli ;
- Asbeddi n tirni mgal tamsihrant ara d-ijemɛen wid d tid iran ad ilin mgal n yimɛelmen d lḥukumat ;
- Lebni n Tirni timettit n yimussuten imettanen ara d-yerren ar unnar tasertit n tẓelmeṭ mgal tin n taẓelmeṭ n lḥukumat.
Imeɣnasen d tmenɣnasin n AL gren afus deg umennuɣ deg yimennuɣen deg tkebbaniyin akked deg win n unmalay CGT neɣ deg SUD (tikkwal CNT), rnu imennuɣen mgal tiɣimit bla ixeddim, win n uzref ɣef tnezduɣt, win n tussnazduɣt. Amlellay imeslelli "AL" yekkat ad iger assaɣen gar yimennuɣen-a deg tmetti n tura akken ad tt-yegzem akked temsihrant n udabu.


text:
Tayland
Tayland, s talɣa tuɣzift tagldit n tayland, s tetaylandit prathet thaï, ประเทศไทย nɣ ratcha anachak thai, ราชอาณาจักรไทย, iga yan uwank n tazit n unẓul agmuḍan, tuwḍ tjumma nns 514 000 km². dat 1939, iga ism nns tagldit n syam. tswtta tt d birmanya g utaram d ugafa utrim, malizya g unẓul, kambudj g ugmuḍ d lawus g ugafa agmuḍan. tamaẓunt nns tga tt krung tib (krung thep) (กรุงเทพฯ, tamdint n inglusn), ttinin as awd bankuk.
tutlayt nns tunṣibt tga tt tetaylandit d tdrimt nns abaht. tga yat tgldit tamnḍawant sg 1932 g mi ittusmma ugllid s wudm unṣib anssixf n uwank, anssixf n iɣalln itturbebn, ig inḍfr n asgd abudi ig amstan ɣf tmttiwin akk tisgdanin. sg 1946, kigan n tasutin titaylandiyin ur ssinent ɣas yan ugllid, ad t igan d bumibul adulyadj (rama 9), nna ɣur tqquma tnbaḍt 70 n usggʷas, allig immut ass n 13 kṭubr 2016. yamẓ memmis maha fajiralungkurn (rama 10) adɣar nns g 1 dujanbir 2016. ig agllid wis 10 g twacunt tagldant tcakri nna ibaḍn sg 1782.


text:
Anfafad asenselkim
Anfafad neɣ avirus asenselkam (virus informatique) d ahil. Ahil-a, yezmer ad t-id-yaru umessihel (programmeur). S tiddi n wenfafad-a, tettbeddil tikli tamagnut n uselkim, neɣ a texreb telqut yellan deg-s.
Amek ineṭṭeḍ unfafad? Anfafad ineṭṭeḍ-d seg berra i uselkim (aḍebsi, azeṭṭa), reffden-t wahilen yettwaselkamen (programmes qui s'executent), ahilen iqebblen asiɣzef (extention) .com, .exe neɣ .bat. Acu kan, ass-a llan ivirusen s siziɣzaf nniḍen udiɣ ẓeddmen q€f ifuyla meṛṛa akken yebɣu yella wanaw-is.
Anda ara naf anfafad? Di tsenselkimt, ifuyla (fichiers) bḍan ɣef sin yeḥricen:
- a/ ifuyla n yisefka (fichiers de données), amedya yeḍrisen.
- b/ ifuyla iteddun (fichiers qui s'executent), iqebblen aseɣzef .com, .exe, .bat.
Anfafad ineṭṭeḍ ifuyla iteddun; akken tiddin-nnsen, tgellu-d s tiddin n unfafad yellan deg-sen. Anfafad yezmer ad yeẓẓu deg ugzem usenker (secteur d'amorçage) n uḍebsi aquran (disque dur) neɣ yiḍebsiyen ilwayanen (disques souples, disquettes); akken ma yecɛel uselkim anfafad ad d-yaki. Ifuyla n yisefka ur d-ttawin ara infafaden, maca infafaden zemren ad sdermen isalan yella deg-sen.
Amek yebna unfafad? Ahil n wenfafad yebna ɣef 04 yeḥricen:
- 1/ asulu n unfafad (signature du virus): Asulu n unfafad d takbabt-ines (signature) neɣ d limara-s.
- 2/ ahil n tarrawt (programme de reproduction) : Tal tikelt ara yeddu wahil yuḍnen, uɣur yenṭeḍ wenfafad, aḥric-a ad d-yeddu. D aḥric-a ara d-yafen akk ifuyla ikesben aseɣzef .com, .exe, .bat, i wakken ad asen yefk limar-ines.
- 3/ ahil n usedrem (programme de destruction) : S weḥric-a i d-itekk usexreb i yufuyla yesɛan limara n unfafad.
- 4/ anaḍ n uneggez (instruction de saut): S wehric-a, anfafad ad yuɣal ɣer ufaylu amezwaru ideg yeẓẓa.
Ismawen n kra yinfafaden mechuren:
Vendredi 13: Anfafad-a iteffeɣ-d yal ass n lǧemɛa(ass n Sem) 13.
Datacrime: Anfafad-a iteffeɣ-d seld ass n 12 tuber.
Phantom: Anfafad-a inetted deg tecfawit (mémoire).
Virus 405: Anfafad-a isedram isalan n 405 itamḍanen (octets) imezwura n uḍebsi aquran.
Asuza: Anfafad yettili deg ugzem usenker.
Bloody : Anfafad-a iswaɣay agzem n usenker. Afafad-a iteffeɣ-d deg uwennez (reinitialisation) wis 128. Anfafad-a yettaru-d inez-ayi (message) « Bloody Jun 4 1989 », ass n tnekra deg Tienanmen, Pekin).
Jeddah : Anfafad-a irennu azal n 1475 atamḍan i yifuyla .com, .exe. Anfafad-a yettaččar tacfawit yeddren n unasiw (mémoire tompon du clavier clavier).
Zerohunt : Anfafad-a yettili deg tecfawit, d aḥerbebbu, yettbeddil amḍiq.
AMGELNFAFAD (anti-virus): Amgelnfafad d aseɣẓan (logiciel) i d-yettafen ahilen yuḍnen. D netta itekksen infafaden. Amgelnfafad isizdig ahilen yettwaɣen.
Kra n yimgelnfafaden: Virscan, Fprot, Unvirus, Scan, Pc 180, Virusafe, Norton, Vaccin, Novirus
Kra yiwellihen:
- amesten (protection) mgal tira deg yiḍebsiyen inaṣliyen.
- aḥraz n yifuyla deg yiḍebsiyen iseḥḥan
- asekyed (examiner), ma yella ccek, aḍebsi aquran d yiḍebsiyen ilwayanen.
- amesten n yifuyla yesɛan aseɣzef .com, .exe, .bat, mgal tira.
- ur seqdacet ara iseɣẓanen n wurar (logiciels de jeux) uqbel asiked-nnsen s useɣẓan amgelnfafad.
- urwet i ugagzdem (téléchargement) n wahilen iteddun (executables)
- kkset afaylu command.com seg uẓar. Amek ara nekkes afaylu seg uẓar ?
Ad s-nbeddel isem (amedya com.moc), ad t-neffer deg zzmam nniden (amedya PROTEC) MD PROTEC COPY C:COMMAN.COM C:PROTECCOM.MOC REN COMMAND.COM SAUVCOM.BIN
Ad nernu ɣer ufaylu CONFIG.SYS, taladna(commande) : SHELL=C:PROTECCOMM.MOC /P Ad nernu ɣer ufaylu AUTOEXEC.BAT, taladna: SET COMPEC=C:PROTECCOM.MOC
- aḥraz n yifuyla .com, .exe mgal tira : Ad naru tasekkirt-a (procédure) :
ATTRIB +R *.COM ATTRIB +R *.EXE


text:
Yiwen
Un ( chiffre UN )
Nekk ed Taninna neɣra deg yiwen n uɣerbaz – Taninna et moi sommes allés à la même école – Taninna y yo fuimos a la misma escuela – أنا و تانينا درسنا في نفس المدرسة
Nnummeɣ ttaḍḍaseɣ ɣef tizi n tis mraw yiwet – Je vais d’habitude au lit vers onze heures environ – Normalmente me acuesto alrededor de las once – عادة ما أنام على الساعة الحدية عشر مساء
Ula d yiwen seg-neɣ – Aucun d’entre nous – Ninguno de nosotros – لا أحد منا
Ula d yiwen ur yezdiɣ deg wexxam-a – Personne n’habite dans cette maison – Nadie vive en esta casa – لا أحد يسكن في هذا البيت
Ula d yiwen ur yezmir ad t-yernu – Personne ne peut le battre – Nadie lo puede vencer – لا أحد يستطيع أن يهزمه
Ula d yiwen ur yeẓri anda ay yezdeɣ – Personne ne sait où il habite – Nadie sabe dónde vive – لا أحد يعلم أين يسكن
Ur bɣiɣ ula d yiwen n wugur – Je ne veux aucun problème – No quiero ningún problema – لا أريد أية مشاكل
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text:
Tazwart
Mi ara yemmeslay yiwen i baba-s, neY i umdakel-is, neY i uqcic ameẓyan, mebla ccek, yemgarad wamek ara asen-yemmeslay. Akken daYen ay temgarad tmeslayt n win yellan deg ssuq, akked win yellan deg tneYrit, deg lqahwa, deg uxxam… D aya umi nessawal deg tesnilestmettit “iswiren (izmamen) n tutlayt”[1]. S unamek-nniḍen, yiwen n yizen nezmer ad t-nessiweḍ s tefyar yemgaraden almend n tegnatin n usiwel, almend n win umi nettmeslay. Iswiren n tutlayt, d tamsalt yerzan tussna n tesnilestmettit[2]. Maca, nezmer ad nezrew tamsalt-a i yiswan-nniḍen. Amezwaru deg-sen, d asuYel[3]. Ma ira yiwen ad d-yessuYel seg tutlayt Yer tutlayt-is, neY ad yessuYel seg tutlayt-is Yer tutlayt-nniḍen, yewwi-d ad yerr azal i yiswiren-a n tutlayt. Wis sin deg-sen, d azal n yiswiren n tutlayt deg tigin n usegzawal. Acku, yal tawwurt, yewwi-d ad d-nebder deg waniwa aswir n tutlayt ay tettuseqdac[4]. Wis krad, d aslugen n tutlayt. Ma nra ad neslugen tutlyat, yewwi-d ad tt-neg d iswiren.
Deg umahil-a, ad neɛreḍ, deg tazawara, ad d-nesnekwu iswiren n tutlayt taqbaylit akken llan deg timawt. Syin, ad d-nessumer tarrayt i usismel n yiswiren-a almend n yiswiren n tutlayin yesɛan ilugan.
Tasnarrayt
Deg tazawara, ad d-nesbadu d acu umi qqaren iswiren n tutlayt, ad d-nessegzi aniwa iswiren asilsanen n tutlayt ay ttḥazen.
Send ad d-neglem iwiren n tutlayt taqbaylit deg timawt, ad d-neglem amek i d-ttbanen yiswiren n tutlayt deg usegzawal n Dallet[5]. Almend n yiswiren ay yesseqdec deg usegzawal-a, ara nesɛu tikti Yef yiswiren yellan deg tutlayt iYef d-nettmeslay. Deg taggara, ad d-nefk tarrayt s wayes nezmer ad nessimel iswiren n tutlayt taqbaylit i yellan Yef tizi n uslugen.
D acu i d isiwiren n tutlayt?
Akken i d-yesbadu Greimas asiwr n tutlayt : « deg tesnilestmetti, nessemras tanfalit asiwr n tutlayt akken ad d-nemmel aseqdec n tutlayt tagamant, ay yettbeddilen almend n yiswiren n yiswiren nimettiyen ay tt-yessemrasen »[6]. Immekti aswir yessumer-it-id Reid deg yiseggasen 1950 akken ad d-yemmel tisenfelt tasnilsant i d-yettbanen deg tegnit tanmettit[7].
Aswir n tutlayt, d asemres n tmeslayt i d-nefren i win umi nesstmeslay, deg tegnit i ibanen. Temgarad tmeslayt-nneY almend: n win umi nettmeslay, ama i bab n twacult, ama i win ur nessin nezzeh, ama i uqcic ameẓẓyan, ama i win i aY-yugaren deg uswir n tmetti. Temgarad daYen almend n tegnit n usiwel, leɛmer n umsiwel, aswir-is adelsan, …
Abeddel yettḥazen tmeslayt, yettban ama deg wayen yerzan tamsiselt, ama deg wayen yerzan amawal, ama deg wayen yerzan taseddast[8].
Deg wayen yerzan tamesiselt, meḥsub d abeddel yettḥazen tunṭiqin n wawal-nni. Kra n yiemdyaten:
Baba —– aba
Tafunast —— tafunart (d acemmet)
Argaz —– argaḥ
Ma deg wayen yerzan amawal, d abeddel n wawalen s wiyaḍ. Meḥsub ad nesseqdec awal deg wadeg n wayeḍ almend n tegnatin n usiwel. Kra n yimedyaten:
Idmaren ——- tibbucin
Aman n tasa ——- ibeccicen
Ttbɛa ——-taxna
Ma deg yerzan taseddas, d asileY n tefyar tirjerrumanin. Tifyar-a, mgaradent Yef tefyar tiluganin. Kra n yimedyaten:
Ur yi-d-yenni ara. —— yenna-yi-d ara.
D netta ara yawin. —– d netta ara ad yawin.
Ad d-tas. — ad tas-d.
Tamawt: abeddel yettḥazen tutlayt taqbaylit, yettili-d s waṭas neY deg tuget deg uswir numawal, ugar n uswir n temsislit akked tseddat.
Iswiren n tutlayt deg usegzawal n Dallet
Deg umur-a, nekkes-d deg usegzawal n Dallet tiwwura ideg i d-yebder aẓayer n useqdec-nsent deg tmettit. Tamawin-a i d-yefka, neǧǧa-tent akken llant s tutlayt tafransist (ẓer tijenṭaḍ sb..). Deg tazawara, ad d-nefk tawwurt, aẓayer-is, agdazal n tewwurt s tefranasist, syin ad d-nefk asebter n tewwurt. Asismel n wammud-nneY, ur d-yelli la s uẓar, la s ugemmay. Yella-d akken i d-myizwaren deg usegzawal-nneY. Deg taggara, nessaweḍ Yer yigemmaḍ-a:
· Deg usegazawal n Dallet, nufa-d anagar sebɛa uɛecrin (27) n tewwura, yefka-yasent-id aẓayer n useqdec-nsent deg tmetti.
· Iswiren n tutlayt i d-yettbanen deg wammud-nneY d wi:
– Tameslayt n warrac (langage enfantin), nufa-d tmanya (08) n tewwura.
– Tameslayt ur nelhi (avec excuse), nufa-d sebɛa (07) n tewwura.
– Awalen yerzan igmamen n tuzzuft (grossier), nufa-d ɛecra (10) n tewwura.
– Awalen iwessaren, nufa-d snat (02) n tewwura.
· Timsal umi yerra azal deg wayen iswiren n tutlayt, d tuzzuft. Meḥsub, awalen yerzan imgamen n tuzzuf, akked wassaYen n tuzzuft, iga-yasen tamawin. Am wakken i yerra azal i tmeslayt n warrac.
· Iswiren-nniḍen ur d-ttbinen ara deg usegzawal n wammud-nneY.
Iswiren n tutlayt taqbaylit (deg timawt)
Mgaraden yiswiren n tutlayt taqbaylit akken mgaraden yiswiren inmettiyen n tutlayt-a.Meḥsub akken yuli uswir n umdan deg tmetti, i yettali uswir ntmeslayt-is.Akken daY, i ttemgirident tegnatin n usiwel, ay yettemgirid useqdec n tmeslayt.Deg umur-a, neglem-d kra n yiswiren n tutlayt taqbaylit, akken mseḍfaren yiswiren inmettiyen n tutlayt-a:
Aswir unnig
Ay t-yesseqdacen d wid yesɛan aswir aɛlayan deg tmetti. Ad d-nebder gra-asen imusnawen, imedyazen ifsiḥen[9]. Wi seqdacen awal nezzeh, ttarran azal i ccbaḥa n umeslay. Akken ad asen-yefhem yiwen, yewwi-d ad yesseqdec allaY-is d tmussni-s. Gar tsekkiwin n n tmeslayt-nsen ad naf: isefra, inazan, timesɛraq, tinfaliyin n tutlayt,…
Gar tulmisin n uswir-a, ad naf tinsiwalt (vocabulaire) d tin yelhan, ilugan n tseddast ttuqadaren seggmen. Ameskar, yessemras awalen qlil-iten, akken daYen i yesseqdac tenfaliyin tuddisin yuɛer akken ad tent-yegzu yiwen.
Gm. Amawal n uswir-a, yewwi-d ad t-nessemgired Yef umawal n tutlayt tuzzigt. Anamek n waya, yemgarad umawal n wid yesseqdacen aswir unnig, imi atas ur t-nfehhem ara Yef umawal uzzig, i yerzan yiwet n taYult kan.
Tutlayt tumrist (timseqdect)
D tutlayt i semrasen yimdanen akk ama meẓẓi, ama meqqer. Nessxdama-itt mi ara nettmeslay i yiwen ur t-nessin ara nezzeh, i win i aY-yigaren deg leɛmert, i wid i daY-yefka lḥal (gar-aneY assaY n timarewt), …
Ula deg uswir-a, ilugan n tseddast ttuqadaren. Win yettmeslayen, yessemras angal i sexdamen tuget n yimsiwal. Awalen ttwafhamen s sshala. Ma d tifaliyin yettusemrasen d tid i imucaɛen gar yisiwal.
Aswir anadday
Yettusemras gar yimdanen yemqaraben nezzeh (am yimdukal), tameslayt d timserreḥt, semrasen awalen d ugzimen. Ilugan n tseddast ur ttuqadaren ara.
Nezmer ad d-neber kra n yimawalen yerzan aswir-a:
Amawal n tuzzuft, d amawal ur nezmir ad nesseqdec gar wid yecrek wassaY n timarewt, yettujneḥsab d amawal n diri, n yihwah.
Tameslayt n warrac: d tin ay sexdamen warrac imeẓẓyanen, yettili-d deg-s waṭas ugezzum n wawalen.
Tarrayt i usismel n yiswiren n tutlayt taqbaylit
Deg wayen yezrin, nemmeslay-d Yef wamek ay d-ttbanen yiswiren n tutlayt taqbylit deg timawt. Akken neẓra tutlayt tamaziYt (taqbaylit) i yellan Yef tizi n uslugen, abrid i iwatan i temsalt-a d tira. Deg tazawara, yewwi-d ad nessesmel iswiren n tutlayt. Isefran n usismel n yiswiren-a, ad ilin akka:
– Tutlayt talugant d tutlayt tanaddayt. Deg tmezwarut, ad nessismel akk iswiren n tutlayt talugant, seg uswir unnig almi d aswir anadday. Ama d wid yellan deg timawat, ama d wid yellan deg tira.
– Almend n useqdec n tutlayt, ad nessemgired gar yiswiren n usemres amatu, akked usemres uzzig n yimawalen.
Deg tfelwit ara d-yasen, neɛreḍ ad nessismel iswiren n tutlayt taqbaylit, ilmend n yisefran ay d-nebder:
Tamawt: llan yiswiren seg wid i d-nebder, d nekkni id-asen-d-yessumren ismawen. Imi ar tura ur nettaf ismawen-nsen rer wid i iqeddcen deg tesniremt.
Nessemres “tameslayt turfist”, ilmend n wawal “areffes”, yesɛa anamek deg temnaḍt n Cemmini, win ur nessin ad yemmeslay. Yesseɛwaj, igezzem lehdur. Lehdur.
UmuY n yidlisen
1. dallet (J.-M.), Dictinnaire Kabyle-français, pareler des At Mangellat (Algérie), SELAF, Paris, 1982.
2. Dubois (J.) et al. Dictionnaire de linguistique, Larousse-Bourdas, VUEF, 2002.
3. Greimas (A.J.) et Courté (J.), Sémiotique, dictionnaire raisonné de la théorie du langage, HACHETTE, Paris, 1993.
4. Koustar (J.), Traduction, terminologie, rédaction, vol. 7, no 2, 1994.
5. Moreau (M.-L.), Sociolinguistique, concepts de base, Pierre Mardaga, 1997.
6. Rey-Debove (J.), La linguistique du signe, une approche sémiotique du langage, ARMAND COLIN, Paris, 1998.
7. Vinay (J.-P.) et Darbelnet (J.), Stylistique comparée du français et de l’anglais, Didier, Paris, 1950.
Tijenṭaḍ :
· Abbuc, grossier, pinis, sb5
· Bubbu/ bubbuc, langage enfantin, sein, sb5.
· Bubu, langage enfantin, fève, sb 5.
· Bbaḥ, langage enfantin, être gentil, sb 16.
· Bess/becc, langage enfantin, fais pipi, 53.
· Ccuccu, langage enfantin, viande, sb 71.
· Acekkar, peu employé, sac enorme, sb 87.
· Acluḥ, mot vieilli, burnus, sb 90.
· Acermim, grossier, clitoris, sb 110.
· Acɛir, grossier, poils du pubis ou des aisselles, sb 123.
· Aḥeččun, très grossier, ne se di qu’avec excuse, vulve, sb304.
· Jajja, , figues sèches, sb 357.
· Ajeḥniḍ, grossier, queue, membre viril, sb 365.
· Qaqqa, langage enfantin, fruit, sb 637.
· Aqjun, mot senti comme grossier ; employé pour insulter, chien, sb 657.
· Aqeḥbi, grossier, homme de mauvaise conduite, sb 656.
· Qaqaḥ, langage enfantin, excrément, caca, sb 656.
· Aqerqur, grossier, cul, derrière, sb 671.
· Uriḍ, avec exuse, pet, sb 708.
· Aṭembib, grossier, grosse lèvre, sb 840.
· Aṭerṭur, avec excuse, pet sonor, sb 842.
· Ṭṭeẓẓ , avec excuse, cul, derrière, sb 846
· Taxxna, très grossier, vulve, sb 902
· Yeɛyeɛ, langage enfantin, lait, sb 924 .
· Iẓẓan, avec excuse, merde, sb 926.
· Azerdum, avec excuse, humems épaisses et vertes, sb 956.
· Lɛar, avec excuse, honte, sb 997.
[1]Anamek n « yiswiren n tutlayt » deg tesnilestmettit, yemgarad Yef unamek-is deg tesnilest. Iswiren n tutlayt deg tesnilest, d wi: aswir n tesniselt/tamsiselt, aswir n tesnalYa/tasnamka, aswir n taseddast. [2] Koustar (J.), traduction, terminologie, rédaction, vol. 7, no 2, 1994, p 224/228. [3] Vinay (J.-P.) et Darbelnet (J.), Stylistique comparée du français et de l’anglais, Didier, Paris, 1950 , P 34. [4] Rey-Debove (J.), La linguistique du signe, une approche sémiotique du langage, ARMAND COLIN, Paris, 1998, p 97. [5]dallet (J.-M.), Dictinnaire Kabyle-français, pareler des At Mangellat (Algérie), SELAF, Paris, 1982. [6] « En sociolinguistique, on emploie l’expression niveau de langue pour désigner la réalisation d’une langue naturelle, qui varient en fonction des classes ou des couches sociales qui l’utilisent.», Greimas (A.J.) et Courté (J.), Sémiotique, dictionnaire raisonné de la théorie du langage, HACHETTE, Paris, 1993, p. 254. [7]Moreau (M.-L.), Sociolinguistique, concepts de base, Pierre Mardaga, 1997, 238. [8]Dubois (J.) et al. Dictionnaire de linguistique, Larousse-Bourdas, VUEF, 2002, p. 324. [9] Mammeri (M.) et Bourdieu (P.) «…..


text:
Wednesday, 30 April 2014
Do I Need This Dress?
17 comments
YES YES ALWAYS YESReplyDelete
No you dont need it, buy it for me instead ;-)ReplyDelete
Yes, you definitely need to buy it!ReplyDelete
yes, did you buy it yet?ReplyDelete
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesReplyDelete
YES, it'll suit you so well and you'll look gorgeous in you!ReplyDelete
If you inbetween sizes get the smaller to motivate you to loose more weight.
(This is exactly what I just did with a topshop pair of shorts!)
Kelly from | Daydreams & Daisychains
I would definitely get it, I would get the smaller size, agree with what Kelly said above it will motivate you to lose more weight. Not a smaller size meaning you can't wear it straight away but tight fitting, it looks like it will suit you so YES, get it!ReplyDelete
God do you need it!!! It's so you. Get it just a tad too snug, then if you get too skinny for it then eBay it.ReplyDelete
It's such a flattering shape for curves.
You need it
Due to increased spam comments I am now having to moderate the comments I receive. I will do my best to get them approved quickly so please, carry on commenting as every time you comment a kitten smiles.


text:
Matub lwennas azal-is meqqer, mazal ad s-necfu, ad ḥarben fell-as leqrun.
Lwennas yefren abrid n ccna…d awal i d lsas n tmussni, n lefhama, d
usaski ɣef ayen akk iḍerrun deg umaḍal d wayen i d-yezzin i wegdud Aqbayli. Awal n Lwennas
yezga yewzen, iserreḥ, yesɛa anamek yettaf abrid srid s allaɣ i wakken
ad yekker
wegdud ara d-yerren lḥerma d yiseɣ i yiman-is.
Aṭas n ilemẓyen i d-irebba, i d-yessaki, yemla-yasen abrid n tjaddit. Yessaki-d
arrac, yesdukkel-asen iɣallen-nnsen, yemla‑sen axxam-is yeṭṭfen s lsas akken ad
t-zedɣen.
Lwennas yettwasen di ddunit meṛṛa s umennuɣ-is ɣef tugdut akked tlelli n tikta. Lwennas d amedyaz d ameɣnas i d-yeqqaren tiquranin d tqerḥanin, win rran ḥazent. Lwennas d abeɛzeq i yettbeɛziq ama s tezlatin-is, ama s tmeslayet-is n yal ass. Lwennas yenna: » Γas yeǧǧa lǧehd iɣalLen-iw, mazal ssuṭ-iw ad yebbeɛzeq… ». Lwennas, deg umennuɣ-ines ɣef Tmaziɣt d tugdut, yettwawet deg useggas n 1988 s
uɣur aǧadarmi n lɛaṛ, yettwakker deg useggas 1995 s ufus n irebraben, yettwanɣa
deg useggas n 1998 s ufus n leɣḍer.
Ayagi akk yeḍran d Lwennas iqbel‑it, iqubel‑it s tissas, yenna: » ttif xir ad
mmtteɣ ɣef tikta-w, wala ad mmteɣ s temɣer ɣef umeṭreḥ ». Yura di twenza n Maɛtub Lwennas i wakken ad yettwazdeɣ s usefru. Ad yettwazdeɣ s tirrugza d tissas. Ad yettwazdeɣ s tlelli d tdukli; ad yettwazdeɣ s Teqbaylit.


text:
Tikklit izwaren, tsfugla teqbilt n Laxsas s unmuggar ns amzwaru ussan 10-11-12 ghuct ad, , lli mu tga s w-assagh anmuggar n w-argan, yackid w-assagh ad, ifk ammak umussu yad, s lawand lligh ttaf Laxsas tazdayt ns idran d w-addag ad n umzruy, d nttan ad igan asrag – yan uzmez – i tazdghet gh tsga Laxsas, d tugt n tsgiwin lli gh idder w-addag ad gh tamazirt negh .
anmuggar ad iwzent fellas tugtt n tmsmunin s twisi n tghiwant(commune) n Laxsas. ittuzlay unamuqqar ad amzwaru i rrays Atiggi lli igan, ula iwis n tmazirt, ittuskar as usimghur lli istahlla, acku iga yan unazur mqurn ifkan mad ur idrusen i wmarg amazigh, mek lli tiws gh tmghra yad, tanazurt tamqrant Rqya Talbnsirt d trabbut Anazar lli d iluln gh Laxsas, tasi anzgum ad tfk tullaft ifulkin i tmazirt ns, d umarg amazigh, tarabut ad taezrit tzmmim kra igzman n umarg turgt i Laxsas.
Anmuggar amzwaru n w-argan gh Laxsas
Tikklit izwaren, tsfugla teqbilt n Laxsas s unmuggar ns amzwaru ussan 10-11-12 ghuct ad, , lli mu tga s w-assagh anmuggar n w-argan, yackid w-assagh ad, ifk ammak umussu yad, s lawand lligh ttaf Laxsas tazdayt ns idran d w-addag ad n umzruy, d nttan ad igan asrag – yan uzmez – i tazdghet gh tsga Laxsas, d tugt n tsgiwin lli gh idder w-addag ad gh tamazirt negh .
Comments
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azul amghnas
tanmirt f unghmis n unmuggar argan n laxsas zgh amaynu, ghmklli righ ad inigh ayyuz f kullu mad yiwsn gh unmuggar afad ad yili ibid tabiddadt ns iml tamazirt n laxsas, ghmklli ssutrgh gh anmuggar ad ad tighzif tudert ns tbughlu tf tayyafut uggar n mad izrin tanmirt


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Ayen i yceɣben s waṭas iqbayliyen, d tadamsa, imi tura tamsalt n lasel d tissas amzun akken ur sɛint ara azal am zik ! Ihi, ad d-nemmeslay ɣef uḥric-a di tmurt n leɣbayel.
Akken yella lḥal, nettidir akk deg tudrin, deg temdinin, Neẓra akk belli yal taddart tesɛa irgazen d yettaṭafen isenfar, ifurguyen n ussiweḍ, tiḥunna… wigi akken neẓra akk, ttxellisen tabzert. Ma yella yal taddart tesɛa 3 neɣ 4 n yirgazen d-ittaṭafen isenfaren yerna yal yiwen seg-sen ittxellis ugar n 30 imelyan i useggas war tiḥunna,ifurguyen… acḥal i dtessekcam taddrt-nni i useggas? Aya war ma nemmeslay-d ɣef temdinin yecban Aqbu yeččuren d lluzinat, Leqser, Bgayet…
– Acḥal n lluzinat i tesɛa tmurt n leqbayel ?
– Acḥal n tḥunna, ifurguyen…yettxellisen ?
– Acḥal n yirgazen d-ittaṭafen isenfaren, ixeddamen niḍen am wid yettseṭṭilen icubaɣ…?
– Anda ttarran akk yidrimen n usagen d unafag d yidrimen n Bgayet ?
Ilaq ad nẓer ay ayetma belli wigi i yaɣ-iḥekmen ttkelliḥen-aɣ ! ur aɣ-d-ttawḍen ara yisurdiyen n lpitrul ! Nezmer ad nidir s tdamsa n tmurt-nneɣ akken ilaq, nezmer ad tt-nesnerni acku adabu yettsabuṭi-yaɣ, aṭas n yisenfaren i bɣan yiberraniyen neɣ wid n daxel ad sseftin deg tmurt-nneɣ taqbaylit, yettagi udabu aya ! Ilaq ad nẓer belli timura irebḥen mačči s lpiṭrul i ttidirent, maca s tebzar n lluzinat d yixeddamen n yigduden-nsent.


text:
Ɣas ugtent fell-ak tedyanin tiqesḥanin, ɣas dumen-tt fell-ak lemḥayen, ur s-berru i usirem…Ur qeṭṭee layas imi tamurt tettidir yir ussan deg umezruy, la tekkat, txebbeḍ, tettnadi ɣef ubrid yessufuɣen ɣer wanda yefsi ujeǧǧig n tlelli. S azekka d assawen ad d-ihub waḍu d asemmaḍ, ad d-yessaki akud yezzan s tmess n ṣṣeḥra…deffir n wedrar ad d-teffeɣ yiwet tafat, ad temḥu tagut-nni iɣummen igenni n tmurt iserhaben. Ur gezzem asirem, ɣas tamurt huǧren-tt at lemleḥ mi akken icudd yixef-is. Ur tekkes asirem, imi abrid i d-tewwiḍ yessufuɣ ɣas yeččur d isennanen, abrid-nni irekḍen yiḍan. Abrid-nni iɣef ifassen ttwaqqden deg tergin, abrid-nni iɣef uzzlen idammen n wid yeɣlin si tedyanin i ten-ixedeen !! Ur tekkes asirem, lli allen-ik, ẓer akin i wedrar s wudem amaynut ad d-tessaliḍ tidet yeffren deffir n ṭṭiya n yiṭij. Ur tekkes asirem, ma ulac ad k-yeṭṭef facal, ad k-tɣunfu lmut. Tamurt ur tuḥwaj imeṭṭi-k akken tuḥwaj tikti-k …Ma yella d facal tif xir tarewla, ali s igenni n tsusmi, abeḥri aḥlawan, ccnawi n yifrax. Ad k-mlen abrid n Yiwen, win yeṭṭfen deg Yiwen ur yettaggad ula yiwen. Di taggara… ulayɣer tekkseḍ asirem, ur k-iqqim wayen yezrin; akken ad tfarqeḍ i lebda ayen akk iɣef teetbeḍ d wayen tḥemmleḍ …akken ad tnefleḍ ɣer wexxam n tidet. Ad truḥeḍ ul-ik ihenna. Ad d-yegri yisem-ik i lebda deg umezruy n Tmurt n Yiqbayliyen, n Lezzayer n uzekka.
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Tanemmirt a Crif ɣef weḍris-ayi-inek.
D tidet d akken yessefk yal yiwen deg-neɣ ad yili yeččur wul-is d asirem, imi akken qqaren: win yettidiren d win ilan asirem. Ihi d lawan anesǧuǧǧeg asirem deg yal Aqbayli , akken ad igzu belli ma nesdukkel tikta-nneɣ akked iɣalen-nneɣ ad iseggem uzekka-nneɣ. Am ass-a iṭij n tlelli d timanit n Tmurt n Yiqbayliyen ad yali, ad yecceɛceɛ ɣef yal Aqbayli…. imir ɣas anemmet, a-n-awi ulawen-nneɣ hennan ɣer wexxam n lebda.
Tanemmirt i tikkelt nniḍen a Crif a gma.
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yelha usirem,maena ula d’sseber yesea tillisa.ihi tamurt ur tett sseggim ara wehdes,d nekkwni idd bwu anexumel iy ghalen nnegh,wa nekker att nexddem.d’acu kkan ghef ayen nettwali as aggi,tamurt nnegh,amzun akken ur tesseara imawlan,dayaggi igg sqrahen ul,tamurt lejdud tughal d’asuki.win idd yusan yebbwi,akken yecna lewnas ghef roman,maca mazal-itt ar as a.tilufa idd yefghen di teghamsa n’tmurt ussan aggi yezrin,am telufa n tukkarddiwin di sonatrach ed wevrid amoqran n lwest est,sbeggnent edd tillufa yaggi belli tamurt nnegh ur tesei imedebbren tuklal tesea imukaren igg sedduyen timsal n’tmurt ghef lahsab llefaydda nsen macci il fayedda n’tmurt. ed wegdud.alama sani ar atkkemel akka?


text:
BERLIN (Tamurt) – Ilmend n Yennayer 2967, sarameɣ awen asseggas ameggaz, tazmert d teɣzi n leemer. Ma yella nebɣa, nezmer aneqdec i wakken ad yelli ussegass agi amaynut d asseggas ara ad yawin tilleli i tmurt nneɣ, bɣiɣ ad iniɣ d asseggas anda ara adibed lsas n tmurt n Iqbayliyen. I tmurt nneɣ tis-snat nessaram-as lǧehd d tdamsa ak d laman. Ilaq atas n lǧehd i wakken a t-naɣ rrebrab iḥuzen tamurt talmanit.
Amek ara tettu ayen idran dagi di Berlin ussan agi izrin? Muten azal n 12 n yemdanen seg fus n rrebrab iḥuzen tamurt-a. Ur ilaq ara ad ten nettu tameddit agi. Ihi ad sutreɣ deg-wen dqiqa n tsusmi. I imawlan nsen, i imezdaɣ n Berlin, i Almaniyen akken malan, ad iniɣ s yisem-iw yak s isem n tdukla nneɣ aql-aɣ yid-wen seg ul. Aql-aɣ ar tama nwen deg umennuɣ nwen mgal rrebrab.
Tiyita agi di tameddit n tmaɣra n Massilul (Noël) isken-ed udem n yemdanen agi. Ma ssawḍen tfen leḥkem terwi ɣef widak ur nelli d Inselmen. Ur txemimen ara akka am kemini a Massa Angela Merkel. Leqdic n Llalman yak d tmura anda yella rrebrab isawel iw sissef, imi timura agi ur tnaɣent ara d rrebrab s tidett. Tamurt icban Lezzayer d netat id-iskarayen rrebrab deg uɣerbaz ines. Ini-as i umcegee inem di tmurt n Lezzayer ad imuqel dacu qqaren ilemzayen n tmurt n Llezzayer, akken ad tezred tidett. Taxessart, imi assirem n Imaziɣen yiwet-it wadu. Ur ilaq anestu, Imaziɣen nnuɣen d Fransa iwakken ad dren di tlelli d lḥerma.
Ittuɣad uɣref aqbayli imi netta ur iqbil ara ahil uɣerbaz a azzayri. Tamurt n Iqbayliyen, tamurt i ḥemlen tilelli. Tessaram ad tedder am tmura nniḍen di ddunit. Tessaram tagmatt d serr. Ur teqbil ara rrebrab n Imselmen agi.
Anda nniḍen, ay atmaten nneɣ Ikerdiyin ttwaḥeqren akka am nekni. Timura idduklen qqarent d nutni kan izemren i irrebraben n Tmurt tineslemt „ EI “ dacu kan ur nezmir ara asen-nefk atas n leslaḥ i akken ur ssuturen ara ad sbedden tamurt takerdit. Taluft agi Ikurdiyen ilaq as-nefk afus s wayen nezmer. Ma yella ssawḍen ɣer lebɣi nsen, aɣ d-fken afus i akken ula d nekni, s Iqbayliyen, Imzabiyen, Irifiyen, Ineffusen ad ssiwḍen ar wayen i ssaramen.
Assa d tmurt n Mzab, Dr Fexxar atan i ttmettat di leḥbus irkan n Llezzayer. Bɣan a t-nɣen imi issuter timanit i tmurt n Imzabiyen.
Imenɣi n iɣerfan agi d aqdim. Zik, timura tiberraniyin ur fhiment aedaw nneɣ, assa banen-d waciwen-is. Dayen is-wehmen ddunit. Nekni s Iqbayliyen nettnaɣ d lǧen agi 14 n leqrun aya. Ssarameɣ ad yilli usseggas agi d assaggas n tlelli n yal aɣref ittnaɣen ɣef tlelli.
Ad dren iɣerfan ittwaḥeqren di ddunit !
Asseggas ameggaz
Lyazid Abid


text:
Innas unna iterḥam rebbi:
mm-ifeggagn tuwiten ¤¤¤ mm uḥrir tenxert
tedda kan temYart ar trezzu ifeggagen ad tger azeṭta tedez-as i tadjart nes tennasd :
- Neam , ah flanta kjem is tguid tangbiwt
Tekjem ar ḍart wafa han tarukut ar tefluful s-uḥrir n-talfin d-iwjḍem (hhh),tenna tamaxirt aya ad eemreY beeda axdil inew, Ggafint iwawal tuly ta tegz ta, han mayd itedzan tennas :
- Mayed isduqquren ? flanta aya,
- Is thenna? id labass? alligd usant , zayed kjem ad tmmekliwed
- Tanemmirt ur sulaY,akn ieemmer rebbi s-lxir
tennas hat riY ad greY kan uẓeṭta beddiɣ ɣef kan ifeggagen
- Mmerḥba adamtend awiY.
Tawy mm ifeggagen ayenna tra , tenna itgannan talfin ad fsint ur tenkir allig tegra sin iẓuḍaten s aeeddas nes,Tenḍud tennas:
-Ata hat riY ifeggagen nnem
- Tennas ur kem isserbaḥ rebbi hat nitni ayd kiY dYi i flanta ar teggar win eda (ak mayd inna eda ! is nezra ca) ?
Ar-as ittini bu-izli:
istahel ulYem adas iemu iẓri ¤¤¤¤ dayzerrey tuga yawY iwYtir
ifreh-nbi


text:
Amezruy yesken-aɣ-d belli tamḥersa (amnekcam) tzemmer ad teffer tayeḍ. Ass-a daɣen deg tmurt n Fransa, aẓar neɣ idles iteffer wayeḍ.
Mi nmuqel ɣer uskasi-a n tnekkit, a d-naf belli ineqqisen d tmuɣli n tegduda ɣer iẓuran d idelsan yellan di tmurt-a ur edilen ani (ara).
Aselway Sarkozi yakk d ifransisen i d-yusan seg Turuft ur yettwaxlaḍ uẓar-nnsen neɣ idles nnsen d wiyaḍ.
Di tazwara n uskasi, aselway n terbaet tamnayt n ukabar UMP, F. Coppé yena-d deg yiwet n tdiwennit yessujed-d yiwen n wahil i uselmed n tutlayt taerabt i yakk ilmeẓyen yesean iẓuran d Tefriqt Ugafa. Wissen ma ieemmed ɣef tatut n tutlayin timaziɣin nniḍen neɣ ur yessin ani belli llan iqbayliyen yeffuden almud n tutlayt n yimawlan-nnsen?!!
Ma d tinekkit taqbaylit tettwasenger deg tmurt-is. Aqla-ɣ s uɣilif d tikerẓi i nettwali ayen swacu i d-yegla usenger-a. Nuɣal almi ula di tmurt n Fransa, sseɣḍaren idles-nneɣ deg idelsan nniḍen.
Tagduda n Fransa tesdukkel aɣref aqbayli d iɣerfan nniḍen, terra-t am nutni, neɣ teḥseb-it am yiwet n terbaet n ddin.
Aɣref Aqbayli yefruri-d seg twacult tameqqrant n Imaziɣen. Netta yessutur timanit i tmurt-is i wakken ad d-yerr leqder d sser i s-yettwaksen, ad yekkes daɣen azaglu i d-yersen fell-as.
Iqbayliyen yettidiren deg tmurt n Fransa ttaken akk afud-nsen i useḥirbeb ɣef tugdut d talakt. Tinekkit tafransist ur tezmir ad timɣur anager ma tefka yiwet kan n tmuɣli i merra idelsan iberaniyen yellan deg-s, war ma tga amgirred ger-asen.
Asnulfu n yiwet n tsudut n yidles amaziɣ d ayen ara s-yefken afud igerrzen, d win ara d isseknen belli Fransa tettqadar merra idelsan.


text:
Yiwen wass, ieuss-iten-id uwaYezniw, yesla-yasen amek i ttemsawalen. Azekka-nni, uqbel ad d-taweḍ teqcict, iṛuḥ Yer teecciwt, inna-yas : «Ttxil-ek ldi-yi-n tawwurt a baba inu ba… », maca netta taYect-is d tazurant, yukez-it-id umYar-nni dYa yenna-yas-id: «Rreẓ-iyi syin !». Amek ar a yexdem uwaYezniw ? Iṛuḥ Yer yiwen useḥḥar; yenna-yas-id: «Ṛuḥ ečč tamemt, ḍleq di telmatt i yiṭij, anef i tburga n uweṭṭuf ad tettawi ad tettarra di taYect-ik alamma tuYal am tin n teqcict-nni. Mi ar a tṛuḥeḍ Yer teecciwt n umYar awi yid-ek snesla akken ad iYil d tizebgatin». Ixdem akken i yas-yenna useḥḥar-nni.
Azekka-nni kra n wakud uqbel ad d-taweḍ teqcict, iṛuḥ Yer teecciwt n umYar, yenna-yas : «Ttxil-k ldi-yi-n tawwurt a baba inu ba… ». AmYar ur d-ieqil ara taYect-is, yerra-yas-d: «Sčenčen tizebgatin-im a yelli Γriba ». AwaYezniw yeddem-ed snesla n wuzzal isčenčen-itt. AmYar yeldi-d tawwurt; ikcem uwaYezniw ičča-t. Yeqqim dinna yettṛağu taqcict-nni akken ad tt-yečč ula d nettat. D accu kan taqcict-nni mi i d-tewweḍ, twala idammen ffYen-ed ddaw tewwurt. Tessawel: «Ttxil-k ldi-yi-n tawwurt a baba inu ba ». Yerra-yas-id s taYect-is d taṛeqqaqt: «Sčenčen tizebgatin-im a yelli Γriba ». Terra iman-is tṛuḥ ad tekcem, maca mi tewweḍ Yer tewwurt, tsekkweṛ-itt Yer beṛṛa, terwel, tuzzel Yer taddart tules-asen ayen yeḍran. Usan-ed wat taddart d tirni, wwin-d yid-sen tizedmin, zzin-as-tent i teecciwt-nni, mekknen-as times, terYa teecciwt-nni, yerYa uwaYezniw yid-s.
Yezri useggwas, temYi-d tasaft anda akken yerYa uwaYezniw, ssawalen-as tasaft n uwaYezniw. Tekfa tuggdi n uwaYezniw Yef medden, d isem-is kan akwd tedyant-is i d-iggran.
Ṭawes Eemṛuc
Seg “Le Grain Magique”
Isteqsiyen
Fichier PDF : Isteqsiyen Yef Uḍris
Anda yettidir umYar-nni ?
D accu i yas-tettawi teqcict-nni i Jeddi-s ?
Amek i tkeččem teqcict-nni Yer teecciwt n Jeddi-s
Anwa i d-izṛa uwaYezniw-nni ? D accu i yas-d-inna ?
5)  AyYer ur as-d-ildi ara umYar-nni tawwurt i uwaYezniw tikelt tamezwarut?
6)  Accu n txidest i d-yufa uwaYezniw akken ad yečč amYar
Amek i taeqel teqcict belli mačči d Jeddi-s i yellan di teecciwt-nni ?
Amek i teḍra d uwaYezniw di tagara?
D accu i d-yemYin deg umkan n teecciw-nni ?
Tekfa tuggdi n uwaYezniw Yef medden neY ala ?
Tizlitt
Fichier PDF: Tizlitt n Baba inu Ba
A Baba-inu Ba…
Ttxil-k ldi-yi-n tawwurt,
A baba-inu ba…
Sčenčen Tizegatin-im,
A yelli Γriba…
UggadeY lweḥc n lYaba,
A baba-inu ba…
UgadeY ula d nekkini,
A yelli Γriba.
AmYar yettel deg ubeṛnus,
Di Tesga la yezzizin,
Mmi-s yettḥebbiṛ i lqut,
Ussan deg uqerru-s ttezzin,
Tislit deffir uzeṭṭa
Tessalay tijebbadin,
Arrac zzin-ed i temYart,
La asen-tesYar tiqdimin
Adfel isudd tiwwura,
Tuggi kecmen-tt yiḥlulen,
Tajmaet tettargu tafsut,
Aggur d yitran ḥejben.
Ma d aqejmuṛ n tasaft,
Idegger akkin idenyan,
Mlalen-ed akw at wexxam,
I tmacahutt ad slen.


text:
Aṭas deg-neɣ ur nessin ara anwa i d mass REḤMANI ƐEBDELQADER, ihi argaz-a seg tgejda timenza n umennuɣ ɣef taluft tamaziɣt, ilul deg taddart Tidelsin i d-yezgan deg tɣiwant n Uweqqas di twilayt n Bgayet deg Tmurt n Yiqayliyen deg useggas n 1923, rnu ɣur-s ayen yessefraḥen ugar d akken d mmi-s n umaru ameqran n Teqbaylit Dda REḤMANI SLIMAN. Dda ƐEBDELQADER d yiwen n uqbayli i yerẓan asalu i tutlayt akked yidles-nneɣ s umata,deg tallit-nni asmi adabu amesbaṭli n Bumedyen yesseɣli-d rrehba deg yizenqan, asmi tigdi tezdeɣ ilsawen,deg akud-nni asmi imezdaɣ n tudrin-nneɣ ttagaden ad mmeslayen s Teqbaylit-nneɣ, ihi deg tallit-nni aṭas n wid i ikecmen leḥbas acku tamsulta tufa ɣur-sen tifrawin uran-t s yisekkilen n Tfinaɣ, isekkilen i d-iheyya Dda ƐEBDELQADER akked kra n yimdukal-is akken ad sekkren iɣerfan n Tmazɣa seg yiḍes-nsen.
Agraw n Yimaziɣen yerra-d tafat, asirem akked lḥerma i Tmaziɣt, segmi i d-ilul deg 1966 di Fransa,imi Dda REḤMANI ƐEBDELQADER d ababat n ugraw-a akked kra n yimeɣnasen yecban : Besɛud Muḥend Aɛrab, Dr Ḥanuz,Ṭṭawes Ɛemruc, Muḥend Arkun, Muḥend Ameqran Xlifati akked wiyad… Smaɛil Meǧber,d azamul n umennuɣ ɣef tutlayt d yidles amaziɣ s umata, i yettidiren deg yinig,yenna-d d akken REḤMANI SLIMAN akked ƐEBDELQADER : d sin n yizumal n tmazɣa fkan-d aṭas i tutlayt akked yidles-nneɣ uklalen tijmilin akked usnemmer acku ayen nebɣa nenna-d fella-sen, ur cukkeɣ ara ad neqreɛ akk ayen ɣef lḥan deg umecwar-nsen. Dda ƐEBDELQADER ,ulac ayen ur yexdim i tutlayt-is imi d netta i d ababat i d-yeslulen Agraw n Yimazɣien akked tesɣunt tamaziɣt tamezwarut s yisekkilen n Tfinaɣ, rnu daɣen d ameɣnas n yizerfan n umdan s umata, d amaru (yura azal n 3 yidlisen s Tefransist) d acu kan adabu amesbatli n Wejda yerra tiwwura ɣef umezruy-is akken iga i Malek Wari, At Ɛemruc d waṭas-nniḍen. Taneggarut, ayen nebɣa nenna-d neɣ nura-d ɣef Dda REḤMANI ƐEBDELQADER, nezra d akken d awezɣi ad d-nessegzu ayen i yexdem i tnekkit-is neɣ i talsa s umata, d acu kan ilaq ad teḥsum d akken Dda ƐEBDELQADER, ar-assa ur yesɛi ara azref ad yekcem ɣer wakal-is, yugi-yas udabu n Lezzayer xas ma ul-is icudar Tidelsin, Weqqas akked Tmurt n Yiqbayliyen i yettargu.
Ussan-a i d-iteddun ad as-tuɣal tejmilt i tikkelt tamenzut sɣur tiddukla tadelsant i irefden isem n baba-s amaru ameqran mass REḤMANI SLIMAN.
Weqqas Iɣil wis i Tamurt.info


text:
Tirrugza tiqburin
Hayyanx a tamazirt nzzad giwnt
Nawi ëja s imazzaln ad axd lkmn
Ad ax mln akal iëwan i iyärfan
Inna ur ixaliä ufgan iYt lkmn
Wanna ixalän ann isnal I uYaras
Att ur yut ifiki s ran add wurrin
Tamunt n winu Y ass ad nwwarga tnt
Tawwargit inu Y assf ad nzra tnt
Afus n ayt matnx hann izwur ax
Kullu kra nYra Y lhruf ijla ax
Ssarax kullu sus adrar nzgrt akw
Nkkad iżuYar u wmaku d waman
G ass ad ka jjun immut fad nmält inn
Tirrugza n iclhiyn tiqburin
Hann advar ad aY ax tlla ŗjlt ns
Mta ufix aggis nbnu maYd nttlx
A nanf ilejaj I irifi d waţţan
NYrnn a tamaziYt nx id lif nx
Immuyd ak a yan ibnan accbar ns
Ikkid srs isuka ula timdayin
A ssier Ix illa dar yan issdus as
Tafasna d usafu ns ura tbalan….
***
Tamurt inu
A tamurt inu tad ilan tamimt
Kmmin avd nlul
Kmmin avd nlul trbutax s lxaïr
Aylliv d nkrx
A tamurt inu tada mi nra tayr
Kmmin avd nkrx
Kmmin avd nkrx azzlx, nftu, nawn
Aylliv nattuy
****
A tamurt inu ssior nnunt ur anx
Ujjin ad gawrx
A tamurt nx atig nnunt nssntn
Iga zund ayyur
A tamurt nx iwiz nnunt nratn
Uri yyi ig aïïan
A tamurt inu tudrt nm tuf anx
Ignna d wakal
****
A tamurt inu ssrv ax assfiw nnm
A nitti g tillas
A tamurt inu ssld a ssrm sawalx
Yattuy uccbar nm
A tamurt nx asi dax ëãaã nnm
Assrsn tvawlt
A tamurt inu ccrg uranx issipl
Iv ill udrar nm
Ur illi usnfu
amuddu vran ax lhul ns nannitn
ayyur av nanni taguri nm a ããapt
nssld i ul inu yuän tarfafant
innayyi ufud nx ajjat aæ tifawt
azmz ad hann izav ura tcwwarn
yusi tizlla s izig iwwats afatn
sul a tivwraä açaçu lli f trwlmt
uras injim uwrz nx ula lappt
a tawwunt nk a “sizif” ara nasy
ad uæan srs nzlg asawn armxt
siv i yyi tär v izig ixar tanant
nwurrid sis nzziär nasy arra nx
wallid ityaran ig iccil fllanx
mqar anx iknd uzal a s tifawt
ikndi usulil s loin nkcmt nsw
ikndi uvaras içil asswan anx
tanzruft nm a tudrt ura namn
ur illi usnfu v iggi n umlal nnm
wanna gim yusin aäar ns ra yapl
azyyir d uçawag ur anx uqirn
tasnnant n krçaç ami tcatarx
adax ur yut awrz inu sfrsint
a asunfu walli v lla isafarn
att igan d iv nggiz akal smpp awn
a anufl ad n ddunit kulluæn
,......20/11/2007 g tiss 12 n yiä
Biografía:
Brahim Oubella [ babas n masin] iga yan g imdyazen n usays n uhwac, ilul g 1950 g wasif n wult [TATA] g MAROC , llig izzri tivri nes tamenzut g tmazirt nns, idfur tivri n usmuttg g TRUDANT iddu s tzizart g RBAT ,
G assa iga aselmad n tmazivt g wammas n usmuttg n islmaden n uslmd amenzu g TATA ,
bwasnmassine@hotmail.com


text:
Tallat:Amek ara naru amagrad yelhan?
Nngum (qbel) a nebdu tira n umagrad, yessefk(ilaq) ad nemmekti :
- Wikipedia d tasanayt (une encyclopédie), mačči d ammud n yimagraden n yijernanen neɣ n tesɣunin. Deg:
- ilaq ad aru amagrad n tsanayt, ur nezmir ara ad aru amagrad n ujernan : win ara t-yaru, ad issawal s wudem wis 3 (à la troisième personne), mačči s tmezwarut ; tadiwennit (interview) ulac, azmul (signature) ulac, atg.
- Kab.wiki mačči d tasanayt n Leqbayel : d tasanayt s teqbaylit. Wikipedia d yiwet i umaḍal akk (merra) Ayen nufa dagi, nezmer ad t-naf deg .wiki neɣ fr.wiki atg. Ur nezmir ara ad naru, d amedya : nukkni, s warrac n Tmurt... neɣ idles-nneɣ... atg. yessefk (Ilaq) ad naru Leqbayel... neɣ idles aqbayli... atg.
- Wikipedia d tilellit. Tilellit, anamek-is d "s turagt tilellit" ("à licence libre"). Deg:
- ur nezmir ara ad nelsaru (recopier) ayen nufa deg yisemlen (sites) nniḍen neɣ deg yijernanen mebla turagt. Ilaq ad naru s yiman-nneɣ aḍris i nebɣa ad nefk i Wikipedia . Ma yefka-yaɣ bab n izerfan (propriétaire des droits) turagt tilellit "GNU Free Documentation License", ilaq ad t-naru deg usebter "amyannan", mačči deg umagrad.
I wakken ad naru amagrad, ilaq ad nessen amek ara nbeddel asebter yerna amek tella tseddast ("syntaxe") n wikipedia.
Ma tebɣiḍ, tzemreḍ a tḥarbeḍ deg teɣmert n yijdi (asebter n uḥerreb).


text:
Bgayet, 25 tuber – SIWEL – Imezdaɣ n Yiɣil ucekrid, di tɣiwant n weɣbalu, ɛyan deg ucekti ɣer imḍebbren n tɣiwant. Ssutren deg wid teɛna temsaltt tuksa n ugudi n zzbel n tɣiwant.
Ssrabes n tezdeg akked imḍebbren n tɣiwant ur yelli d acu ixedmen i wakken ad s-ḥerbiben ɣef twennaṭ. Ammar a nerzu ɣer umkan a nwali anda tedda taluft. Win ara yerzun ɣer din ad d-yerr ul-is d amejruḥ, ad yerfu… Amḍiq yeččur d tiqerɛatin, ticulliḍin… akked wayen yessemsaxen tiẓgi. Ulac win ara yḥunen ɣef tezdeg n wadag.
Ass-a liḥala-agi ur tteqbilen ara imezdaɣ, maca anwa ara d-yezwiren ɣer tezdeg. Tezdeg ur d-teggri deg umeslay, maca deg wennar.
cw
SIWEL 2502241 OCT 10


text:
Thomas Edison d aseɣnaw (inventeur) amarikani. Ilul di Milan (
Deg usseggwas n 1862, isbedd aɣmis amuqran Trunk Herald, i d-iteffɣen yal amalas (smana). Edison, assmi id-issukkes yiwen uqcic gar ifassen n laxart, tella-d ɣur-es tissas d udem ar medden macci drus.Ladɣa Edison, deg wakud I deg istufa ittara lemdad-is ar tussna n imiren u ilmed Tiligraf s yiman-is. Aseɣnew-ines amezwaru d télégraphe duplex.
Deg usseggwas n 1876, aseɣnew-ines inza s waṭas, Edison issas-ed idrimen s wid I d-ibna isnidi-ines (laboratoire). Edison, isnulfa-d daɣen microphone. Deg usseggwas 1877, Edison ikfa afunugraf ittaṭṭafen imesli. Sakin, sin issegwassen d assawen, isnulfa-d taftilt (tampult) n trisiti. Deg usseggwas 1882, tekcem tafat ɣer ixxamen di New York I tikkelt tamenzut u flalin izenqa ines.Deg usseggwas 1887, Edison issemɣwer isnidi-ines u dɣa iqqim di West Orange di New Jersey. Deg usseggwas 1888, isnulfa-d Kinétoscope, tamacint tamezwarut n tugniwin ittembewwilen, dɣa din iẓẓa I tikkelt tamenzut ayen yuɣalen kra issegwassen syin d isura, d tiliẓritt neɣ d ssalima akw ya.Edison ɣur-es azal n 1000 (tawinast) d aseɣnew neɣ ugar, gar-asen:
- Adɣaɣ (Batterie)- Tamacint n ucraw (La machine à ronéotyper)


text:
Tirni n yiɣallen inemlayen FFS , d asirem, d tifrat yettwaṭerfen.
Assegas kan seld timunent n lezzayer, amennuɣ yella-d war tufra gar yimḍebren-is. Sdat n taɣert n uqerru n uselway ilemẓi, kra n yiɛeggalen n lwilayat (III d VI ) begsen-d ad ɛerḍen ad xedmen ayen iwatan akken ad qeɛden lecɣald tlufa. Snulfan-d akabar d amaynut, win ara yilin ireṣṣa ɣef tlelli d tugdut .
Tuget n yimaɣnasen n ukabar-a, d wid i d-yekren deg yirebbi n umussu aɣelnaw, uktuyen-is twarefden-d seg ugenna n wunbir d tɣerɣert n summam. Akabar ad yili d tallelt n umennuɣ s wudem aɛafi akken ad ḥarben anɣal-a i d-yeḍran mgal tifratin d yiswiyen n tegrawla d tmunent n tmurt. Tigawt tagdudant d tin i ɣef llan ɣer yidis-is aṭas n wudmawen ama d iserdasen, ama d isertiyen, gar-asen ; Ɛli Mesili ( MALG), l’colonel Moḥand ulḥaǧ aqerru aneggaru n lwilaya III, Lexder Buregɛa l’commandant n lwilaya VI. Akken llan daɣen aṭas n yimaɣnasen d yimjuhad ur neqbil ara lbaṭel i deg i d-yegra ugdud azzayri di tmunent-is.
Ass n 28 ctember 1963, ameɣnas ameqqran Lḥusin Ait Aḥmed seld aṭṭixer-is seg tesqamut taɣelnawt, yemlal akked yimeddukal irefden turda-s deg uxxam aqbur n tɣiwant n ɛin lḥamam. D anejmuɛ amenzu n umussu-a, send taseyrut-ines tazayezt. Ass n 29 ctember 1963 deg yiwen n unejmuɛ aɣerfan di tizi wezzu, ddaw n leɛnaya n yiserdasen n l’colonel muḥand ulḥaǧ ,iberreḥ-d i wegdud taseyrut tunsibt n tlalit n ukabar n TIRNI N YIƔALLEN INEMLAYEN (FFS). Iswi n ukabar ad isbed awanek amagday ametti. Awanek azerfan. Tiɣri daɣen i tesqamut n usebded. Tadukli n yiɣerfan n tmurt n tmazɣa. Akabar Ilul-d zun d aɣwas n tnekra mgal adabu anesbadu n Ben Bella d Boumediene. Tirni n yiɣallen inemlayen (FFS ), d akabar amezwaru i yesɛan tireṣṣi n yimeɣnasen akked tsemtiwt talqayant n tmunent n lezzayer. Di tama n metiǧa l’colonnel Sadek akked l’commandant Buregɛa, tuɣ bdan sbadiden tirebuyaɛ timenza n tmagla. Tirebuyaɛ-a ɛemrent s tuget s yimjahden iqburen yettberran seg ubrid i d-yewwi Ben Bella d terbaɛt-is. Syin Ben Bella d Boumediene cegɛen-d taredsa ( iserdasen) ɣer tmurt n leqbayel deg ussan imenza n waggur n tuber.
Ugtent tlufa, tella-d lmut, ɣlin yirgazen si yal tama. Seld taluft n lmaroc, tagara n tuber 1963 bdant tastagin timezwura gar iɛeggalen n FFS akked Ben Bella. Adabu yebrad i kra n yinekraf d yimeɣnasen isertiyen yettwaḥebsen. Ass n 14 tuber 1964 sdat n tigzirt lḥusin Ait Aḥmed yemneɛ deg yiwet n txezzabit i as-d-ihegga udabu, tuɣ dinna i yeɣli umaru-ines. Tlata n wussan seld taluft-a yettwaṭṭef akked umeddakel-is Ɛli Msili di tama n Swama3-Tizi-wezzu. Azekkuya aɣmis n Alger Republicain yezwel-d « Taredsa teṭṭef-d axanab Ait Aḥmed ». Aqerru n tirni n yiɣallen inemlayen yettwaḥbas di lambis, syin ɣer lḥebs n lḥerrac. Si texxamt n lḥebs Ait Aḥmed yezga yettak-d iwellihen i yimeɣnasen-is. Si tama-nniḍen Ben Bella yebda yettcetkay ɣef tiɣuyebt n Bumedienne. Iḥulfa s lḥerṣ d wuguren it id-iteddun.
Ɣef waya tarbaɛt-is tqerreb-d imeɣnasen n Tirni n yiɣallen inemlayen di Paris akken ad affen kra n tifrat. Ass n 16 yunyu 1965 yeffeɣ-d yiwen n wulɣu (FFS-FLN) deg tɣamsa, amsefhem yella-d ɣef tneqqiḍin-a; “ Aḥebbus n rṣaṣ d umennuɣ- Wid yeɣlin di traḍ-a, tiwaculin-nsen ad twiɣerment- Imeɣnasen n FFS ad asen-yuɣal yiseɣ d ccan d igrawliwen n ALN- Tilelli i kra n umeɣnas d userti yettwaṭfen ɣer lḥebs.
Ass n 19 yunyu 1965 Bumedien yenneqlab ɣef Ben Bella yesseɣlit. Yesbed iman-is d aselway ɣef lezzayer s leḥkem aɛessekri. Werǧin yeqbel ad d-ress leḥna d talwit gar yizzayriyen. Ait Ahmed yerwel si lḥebs, yuɣal d lmenfi , d imneǧli. Si tmurt n lberrani yettkemmil amennuɣ-is asertan ɣef tugdut d tlelli i ugdud azzayri. Deg useggas 1980 yefreḥ s yimeɣnasen ilemẓiyen n tmurt n leqbayel i irefden amennuɣ n yimenza mgal adabu amesbaḍli. D tafsut n yimaziɣen , tafsut n 80. Si tmurt n lberrani ibeyyen-d lɣiḍ-is mgal timḥarṣi i d-yellan ɣef yilemẓiyen n tmurt n leqbayel yessuturen izerfan-nsen d tugdut. Ass n 24 yebrir 1980 iban-d deg france 2 anida i d-yenna belli yennebhat, yeḥzen, yebberwi s twaɣit-a, mi akka maren-d yidamen n warrac-nneɣ. Ilemẓiyen twaḥebsen, rnu imeyyaten n yixeddamen d yinelmaden yeččuren sbiṭarat.
Tazɣent d tin yesɛan iẓuran lqayen gar Ait Aḥmed d Ben Bella. Uguren bdan seg tezɣent tamaziɣt deg 1949, tkemmel akken seg 1954, 1956, almi d 1962. Dɣa seg wasmi yeqqar Ben Bella d maṣer i aɣ-ixedmen tagrawla, mačči d izzayriyen, tuɣ din akk ya ay ikemmel ucerriy. Ait Aḥmed ɣas sneǧlant, maca werǧin yebra i umennuɣ. Ma drus n tifratin i d-yewwi, i d-yefka akken ad teffeɣ tmurt-nneɣ ɣer lber n laman. Lwexda ulac wara as-d-yeslen. Seg temlilit-nni akked Ben Bella di London deg useggas 1985, tuɣalin-is ar tmurt deg duǧember 1989, tikli n Tirni n yiɣallen inemlayen (FFS) ass n 02 yennayer 1992, anida i d-yenna xaṭi i unamek apulisi, xaṭi i tegduda tineslemt. Timlilit n saint Egidio 1995, tabrat i yiserdasen imeqqranen…Taneggarut d tiɣri ar umtawa aɣelnaw aɣerfan seg 2013 ar ass-a. Sdat n waya, anwa, azzayri aserti, aɛessekri, ameɣnas, amusnaw, ara d-yekren ass-a ad yini belli Dda lḥusin d yimeɣnasen n FFS ur d-fkin ara turda, neɣ ur d-wwin ara tifratin i tezɣent d wuguren n tmurt? Tirni n yiɣallen inemlayen (FFS) aṭas n takkayin ɣef wacu i d-iɛedda. Yal tikelt inecced-d tifratin iwulmen,yernu d tidak yessufuɣen. Dayen i t-yerran d lǧehd n yisumar. FFS d asirem n ugdud azzayri, d akemmel n umennuɣ n yimeɣraṣen yeɣlin deg unnar n lḥerma iwakken ad tidir lezzayer di lehna d talwit. Taneggarut ad d-nini kan, awah izzayriyen rran-d i tiɣri n FFS, tili tin n wass-a ur netmeslay ara ɣef udabu amesbaḍli. Tili ass-a ad nili am yiɣerfan yufraren deg umaḍal. Aɣref ur nessin amezruy-is, ur nesɛi leqraya yelhan, ur nesɛi tafellaḥt yelhan, d acu ara d yefɣen deg-s. Deg useggas 2011 Dda lḥusin yejbed iman-is ɣef tsertit i lmend n wuguren n tezmert. Yeǧǧa-d akabar d azamul n tmagla taɛafit d tugdut gar yifasen n yimeɣnasen-is. Tajmilt ara as-nerr i umeɣnas-a ameqqran n lḥerma d talwit, d akemmel umennuɣ-is d ubrid i d-yenǧer i treṣṣi n uwanek azerfan. Dda lḥusin yewweḍ leɛfu n rebbi ass n 23 duǧember 2015. Ass n temṭel-is 01 yennayer 2016 d tamesbanit. Ulac tamnaḍt di tmurt neɣ berra i tmurt anisa ur d-usin ara. Annect-a d tajmilt i as-d rran ɣef wayen i d-yefka di tudert-is. Dda lḥusin iɣsan-ik di lǧennet, steɛfu di talwit.
Karim Sɛawi.


text:
Timur n ugmuḍ
tagduda n timur n ugmuḍ (s tinglizt: East Timor) tga tamurt tzga g unẓul n ugmuḍ n asya. tlla dg azgn agmuḍan n tgzirt n timur d tgzirin yaḍn yaẓn am atawru d jaku d ukrsi nna igan yat tmnaḍt itwɛzaln g ugzzum agafan n utaram n tgzirt g wammas n timur tutrimt n andunisya. tiwḍ tjumma nns nig n 15,410 km² ɣaf aggug n 6400 km² ɣr agafa utaram n tɣrmt n darwin tusṭralit. tlla timur n ugmuḍ ddaw ufus n ucngu abrtqqiz g tasut 166، twassen s timur tabrtqqizt ar tagara n ucngu abrtqqiz i tmurt. g tangara usggas 1975، tbrraḥ timur n ugmuḍ s uzarug nns، maca g wakud anggaru n usggas n ubrraḥ ylla aɣzaw d ucngu n andunisya d tbrrḥ tɣiwant tandunisit uṭṭun wiss 27 g usggas amḍfir. g usggas 1999، dffir asiḍn n uqrrar n lmaṣir ddaw ufus n tumasin imunn، tfal andunisya iqlim n timur n ugmmuḍ bac adtg tamurt tatrart ɣur tlla tnbaḍt g tasut n yan d simraw g wass n 20 mayyu 2002. timur n ugmmuḍ tga yiwt jar snat timura tumẓ dgs tkanist tarumanit takatulikit dg umnẓaw n asya، d tayḍ g filibin.
timur n ugmmuḍ ɣurs tdamsa d adrim adrsan , tsul timur da ttɛana sg isggasn n imnɣan mgal andunisya.