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Urigami
Agbur
- 1 Tasmuli n wurigami
- 2 Tabadut n yisem Urigami
- 3 D acu i d Urigami ?
- 4 Amezruy awezlan n tẓuri
- 5 Anekcum
- 6 Afurk Ajapuni
- 7 Aɣernuq n Japun, d azamul n telwit
- 8 Afurk Amuran neɣ Amaziɣ-aspanyuli
- 9 Tabadut n wawal amuran
- 10 Anekcum
- 11 Awaqqur n ukaɣeḍ
- 12 Awaqqur amuddur
- 13 Urigami atrar neɣ taleslalit n tẓuri
- 14 Urigami deg tmurt n Lezzayer
- 15 Tallit taqburt
- 16 Tallit tatrart
Tasmuli n wurigami[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tabadut n yisem Urigami[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Urigami d awal i d-yekkan seg tutlayt tajapunit. Yesdukel amyag [oru] = Ḍfes akked yisem [kami] = Akaɣeḍ. Zik, deg tmurt n Japun, ttinin-as i kra yellan d aḍfas : [Urikata neɣ Urigata ] = Taɣara n uḍfas. S tmaziɣt, nesmizeɣ awal ama deg tira ama deg ususru. Nerra [u] deg webdil n [o] acku asekkil ‘’o’’ ur yedda ara akked yilugan n tjerrumt n tutlayt-nneɣ mačči am usekkil ‘’P’’ yufa amḍiq-is . Asekkil ‘’o’’ ur d yemmezg ara akked usekkil ‘’u’’, yettḥaraf-it. Rnu i waya s, yessefk fell-aɣ ad ad nxemmem i usuddem n wawalen nniḍen ara neḥwiǧ sya ɣer sdat. Akka ihi i as-d-nessumer isem n tẓuri-a s tmaziɣt : Urigami. D isem asuf ur yesɛa asegget. Ma nsers-it deg waddad amaruz, ad t-naru akka : wurigami. Asmizzeɣ n yisem n tẓuri isashel-d aslugen-is. Seg neslugen isem n tẓuri, yeldi-d ubrid s asuddem n twacult n wawalen i neḥwaǧ, i yessefken ad ilin deg tutlayt-nneɣ.
D acu i d Urigami ?[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ma neɛreḍ ad nesbadu taẓuri-a s yiwet n tefyirt, ad nini : Urigami d taẓuri n uḍfas n ukaɣeḍ. Maca ma nebɣa ad negzi d acu i d anamek n tefyirt-a, ad naf Urigami d taẓuri, tesɛa ilugan, amezruy akked tewsatin am akk tiẓuryin yellan deg umaḍal. Tin ɣer-s, d taẓuri ur nesbik ara, tmehhez seg useggas ɣer wayeḍ, aṭas n tɣawsiwin i d-yettnulfun. Ihi, ad neɛreḍ ad nsuk tiṭ ɣer wanda tessaweḍ tmuɣli-nneɣ. S uḍfas n ukaɣeḍ, kra ttinin-as daɣen abeṭṭen (awal-a yekka-d seg teɛrabt), nezmer ad d-nesnulfu tiɣawsiwin icebḥen aṭas. Mačči d yiwen n umedya i nezmer ad nawi. Nezmer ad nesnulfu amdan n ukaɣeḍ, aɣersiw, tasafagt, imɣan… tiɣawsiwin akk yesɛan talɣa. Mi ara neḍfes kra, yekfa, taɣawsa-nni, akken tebɣu tili talɣa-as isem-is tamudemt. Deg wansayen n tẓuri, afurk Ajapuni, ladɣa deg wurigami aqbur umi ttinin Urikata, ssemrasen agzam akked tnaṭṭaḍt. Ma d imir-a, deg wurigami atrar, ulac deg-s agzam n ukaɣeḍ neɣ asemlili s tnaṭṭaḍt. Mi ara yili d tamudemt n wurigami azegriran, ggten deg-s yiferdisen i umi nettini : izegriren (azegrir), yessefk fell-aɣ ad nsemlil sin, kraḍ neɣ ugar, nessemlalay-iten s usmikcem neɣ s yiḍefsen. Ma d tanga nessemras d tiferkit n ukaɣeḍ tamkuẓt. Ad greɣ tamawt ɣef talɣa tamkuẓt n tferkit, Seg ufuk Amaziɣ-aspenyuli i d wwin alugen-a akked d kra nniḍen... (Walim ixf III). Akka akka ad naf tamudemt yettwaḍefsen s tferkit yesɛan talɣa tusrimt neɣ talɣa takerdisant, aya yeffeɣ seg yilugan n wurigami Aklasikan. Urigami, d taẓuri i d-yuɣen qrib akk timura n umḍal, ur tessin tilisa n wakal neɣ tid n usnulfu. Yal amdan, yeɣra neɣ ur yeɣri, d ilemẓi neɣ d amɣar, d argaz neɣ d tameṭṭut, akken yebɣu yili yezmer ad yelmed taẓuri akken ad yuɣal d ameḍfas neɣ d amurigam. Aḍfas n ukaɣeḍ, d taẓuri i wallaɣ akked yiḍudan, ad ak-d-teldi tiwwura ɣer tiẓeḍt akked lferḥ n usnulfu. Urigami mačči d taẓuri kan, d turart i usteɛfu, ad yennecṛaḥ yes-s yal yiwen deg-neɣ. D addal i yesleɣmayen allaɣ i wakken ad yelmed amek ara yerr takti d taɣawsa ger ifassen-nneɣ. Urigami ur yeḥwaǧ ara amḍiq n uḍfas am tẓuryin nniḍen, anda teddiḍ tzemreḍ ad tḍefseḍ tiferkit-ik. Maca yelha ma neɛzel-as tiɣmert deg uxxam akken ad neǧǧ deg-s akaɣeḍ akked tmudmin yekfan neɣ ahat tid yellan d asenfar i nettheggi akken ad tent-neḍfes.
Amezruy awezlan n tẓuri[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Anekcum[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Aḍfas n ukaɣeḍ yennulfa-d deg tmurt n Ccin, ttinin-as : Jiǎnzhǐ (akaɣeḍ ugzim). Awal-a yessegrew aḍfas akked ugzam n ukaɣeḍ. Taẓuri-a, ad yili teḍfer-d anulfu n ukaɣeḍ. Maca iban-aɣ-d tura, amhaz n tẓuri, anda ma ulac, yefka-d sin yifurkan, afurk Ajapuni akked ufurk Amuran neɣ ayen i umi nezmer ad as-nsemmi tura, afurk Amaziɣ-aspenyuli. Armi d lqern iɛeddan, deg iseggasen n 30 i demlalen yifurkan-nni, sakin dduklen, fkan-d Urigami atrar nessen tura s tewsatin-is. Ɣas akken llan yinmezrayen n wurigami, uran ddeqs n yidlisen ɣef umezruy n tẓuri, maca mazal d-tban akk tiwin d-yewwi ufurk Amaziɣ-aspenyuli. Yessefk ad ilin yinadiyen ilqayanen acku, ma yella Ispanyuliyen yufrar-d uttekki-nsen deg umhaz n tẓuri, ass-a, uɣalen d aɣerbaz am nitni am Yijapuniyen, aḥric d-wwin Yimaziɣen mazal-it yedreg. Mazal aṭas n tuttriwin i yeḥwaǧen tiririt. Ur yella ara deg yiswi-nneɣ, deg wedlis-a, ad nerr s telqey i yiseqsiyen akk yellan, maca ad neɛreḍ ad nefk kra n tektiwin ara inefɛen inadiyen i d-iteddun. Acku seg tama, wa d adlis n tectelt, seg tama nniḍen, xuṣṣen aṭas n yisallen deg taɣult-a. Yessefk daɣen ad nini, aseɣnew n tewsatin n wurigami yebḍa ɣef kraḍ (3). Tella tiwin d-yewwi ufurk Ajapuni, tella tin d-yewwi ufurk Amaziɣ-aspanyuli akked d wayen d-tewwi tallit tartar ideg ttekkan aṭas iɣerfan amedya n yimarikaniyen, ifransisen… Afurk Ajapuni seg-s i d-newwin Urikata (urigami ansayan), Sukudama (Urigami akuran), Urigami azegriran. Riɣ ad greɣ yiwet n tamawt ɣef wurigami azegriran, ɣas akken ilul-d deg tmurt n Japun, maca asetrer-is yeḍra-d deg tallit tatrar ideg kkin aṭas iɣerfan. Tiwin d-wwin yimaziɣen akked yispanyuliyen, d tawsit ideg ara naf cwiṭ seg tewsit tamadwan akked cwiṭ seg tewsit taddayan asmi llan deg tandalust, Spanya n wass-a. Tiwin n tallit tatrat tebḍa ɣef sin yeḥricen. Asetrer n tewsatin tiqburin amedya n wurigami amadwan, urigami azegriran… akked useɣnew n tewsatin timaynutin amedya n wurigami temsafga, urigami n tusnakt, urigami aẓuran…
Afurk Ajapuni[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg useggas 610 i yekcem ukaɣeḍ ɣer tmurt n Japun. Imir-nni ahat i tedda turart n uḍfas n ukaɣeḍ, deg tallit-nni mazal tuɣal d taẓuri. D ineḍfaren n Tbudit i yewwin akaɣeḍ akked uḍfas-is seg tmurt n Ccin, yedda-d akked unekcum n Tbudit ɣer tmurt n Japun. D ijapuniyen i yefkan isem i tẓuri n wurigami. Kkin deg uslugen n tẓuri armi tuɣal turart n uḍfas i yes-s dehhun d taẓuri. Seg yewweḍ ukaɣeḍ ɣer tmurt i tebda turart tettak aẓar, llan ttinin-as Urikata. D acu kan deg tallit-nni ɣlay ukaɣeḍ, mačči menwala yezmer ad t-yekseb. Acku akaɣeḍ d taɣawsa ɣlayen, ḍefsen yes-s ibudiyen kra n tmudmin, ttafken-tent d asefk i Yuc-nsen Buda. Ttafken daɣen yemdanen tamudemt d asefk deg umenzu n useggas neɣ deg tmeɣriwin, i yesli akked teslit.
Zik, aselmed yella s wawal kan, tettafk-it yemma-s i yelli-s. D imi kan i d allal n tẓuri, ur yelli wacu yuran deg ukaɣeḍ. Aḍris amezwaru deg umḍal i d yemmeslayen ɣef tẓuri n uḍfas d asefru awezlan seg wammud n yisefra n Ihara Saikaku i d-iẓergen deg useggas 1680. Deg usefru-nni ad naf iglem-d umedyaz yiwet n targit yeččuren d iferṭeṭṭa n ukaɣeḍ. Adlis-a d abdar kan i d-yebder taẓuri n Wurikata (urigami ansayan n yijapuniyen). Armi d aseggas n 1764 i d-yeẓreg udlis nniḍen, tikkelt-a asentel-is yettmeslayed ɣef uḍfas n ukaɣeḍ, azwel-is: Ijellilen d tkerrusin «Hoketsuk». D adlis n Wurikata, deg tallit-nni akka i d as-ttinin i turart n uḍfas. Sakin ɣenwen-d isem n wurigami. Isem-a ur yelli d aqbur, iɣnew-d deg yiseggasen n 1880. Ijellilen d tkerrusin «Hoketsuki», d adlis yura Ise Sadataki, ad naf deg-s timudmin amedya n ujellil i yes-s ttɣummun tiɛenjayin, isefken… Tikwal ḍefsen akaɣeḍ amellal ideg yella usefru neɣ izen yuran akken ad t-cegɛen am tebrat… Muqlem tawlaft n udlis, uṭṭun sin (2). Deg tallit-nni Urikata (aḍfas ansayan) yella ssemrasen-t s tin n leḥdaqa mi ara budden neɣ ttqadaren amdan. Ssemrasen-t daɣen i udlag n tɣawsiwin. Taẓuri n Urikata ur ḍefsen ara timudmin am tid n tura, s umata, ala ajellil n usefk neɣ n leqlul amedya n teqrat n Ṣaki. Sakin, yeffeɣ-d
udlis nniḍen yura Rokoan Gido deg useggas 1797, azwel-is: Lbaḍna n uḍfas n ugim (1000) n yiɣernuqen «Senbazuru Orikata». Muqlem Tiwlifin uṭṭun Kraḍ (3). Nezmer ad nini d wa i d adlis amezwaru n tidet n tẓuri n wurigami imi seg tama asentel-is akk yettmeslay-d ḥala ɣef tẓuri n wurigami. Seg tama nniḍen, llan deg-s uzenziɣ n wamek ara neḍfes tamudemt n uɣernuq n ukaɣeḍ. izenziɣen-nni i d-yeddan deg udlis, nezmer ad nini fell-asen d nitni i d ababat n umeskan.
Terna teffeɣ-d deg useggas n 1845 yiwet n tsanayt i d-yesgerwen ansayen akked tẓuryin n Japun. Ddan-d deg-s akk timudmin tiqburin i d-yegran deg yidles Ajapuni. Llan deg-s azal n 40 tmudmin s wunuɣen-nsent. Azwel n tsanayt-a d wa : Tamusni rqiqen am tafat i d-ikecmen seg ṭṭaq deg tegrest «Ken no mado».
Ger wurigami atrar d wurikata, taẓuri n ujellil neɣ tansayant n Japun, mačči kifkif-iten. Zik, llan ssemrasen yiwen n ukaɣeḍ yettwaxeddmen s ufus, sawalen-as waci (washi) Mi ara ḍefsen yimeḍfasen n tallit-nni akaɣeḍ, ur yewzin ara uḍefs-nsen am win n wid n tura. Acku seg tama, akaɣeḍ ala winna i yellan yerna ur qeṭben ara yiḍefsen-is. Seg tama nniḍen, ur tellugen ara tẓuri am wakka tellugen tura. Rnu i waya, llan gezmen akaɣeḍ, ssenṭaḍen-t s usenṭaḍ. Armi d-yekcem lqern wis 20 i tellugen tẓuri s ilugan iɣef msefhamen akk yimurigamen n umḍal s tɣara tunṣibt, ilul-d wurigami atrar s tewsatin-is yemmeẓlen.
Aɣernuq n Japun, d azamul n telwit[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Aɣernuq yesɛa azal ameqqran deg yidles Ajapuni. D agḍiḍ imqeddes di tmuɣli n uɣref Ajapuni. Ttalsen-d yiwet n tenfust i d-yettinin aya : Win ara iḍefsen agim (1000) n yiɣernuqen n ukaɣeḍ ad yaweḍ s ayen yessarem. Ma yuḍen umdan ad yejji, ma iḥemmel ad yaweḍ lebɣi-is… D azamul n telwit ɣur yimurigamen n umḍal i lmend n yiwet n tedyant yeḍran di tmurt n Japun. Ta d tadyant n Sadako Sasaki. D yiwet n tegrudt tajapunit d ilulen ass n 7 yennayer 1943, temmut deg wass n 25 Tuber 1955 nettat di leɛmer-is mraw sin (12) yiseggasen. Yenɣa-tt waṭan d-yekkan seg uṭerḍeq n lbumba n ubelkin deg temdint n Hiroshima, Japun. Tella tezdeɣ Sadako di twennaḍt n wemḍiq ideg teḍra taluft-nni, azal n sin yigima (2000) n yimitren, d aya. Deg tallit-nni, tesɛa deg leɛmer-is sin iseggasen. Imir-nni tezgel-itt tmettant. Tedder Sadako ur d-iban fell-as waccemma armi d aseggas n 1954, tuḍen, tekcem ɣer sbiṭar. D tameddakelt-is i as-yemlan tanfust n uḍfas n wagim n yiɣernuq n ukaɣeḍ. Dɣa tebda aḍfas n yiɣernuqen n ukaɣeḍ, tɣil mi ara tessiweḍ agim (1000), ad tt-ɛawnen iyucen akken ad tejji. Teḍfes 644 n yiɣernuqen temmut. Tɣaḍ akk imeddukal-is n uɣerbaz, kren kemlen aḍfas n yiɣernuqen-nni armi ssawḍen agim (1000). Sakin jemɛen-as-d idrimen s ɣur yibalmuden n yiɣerbazen akk n tmurt n Japun. Bnan-as asebdad. Sreqten-tt-id nettat teṭṭef aɣernuq n ureɣ. Walim tawlaft uṭṭun Ukuẓ (4), semmus (5) akked seddis (6). S azadur n usebdad, ad naf urant tefyirin-a:
Ta d tiɣwist-nneɣ Ta d taẓallit-nneɣ Akken ad nebnu talwit deg umḍal.
Yal aseggas, igurdan akk n umḍal ḍefsen iɣernuqen, ttaznen-ten ɣer temdint n Hiroshima. iɣernuqen n ukaɣeḍ yettawḍen ɣer din, srusun-ten akk sdat n usebdad. Akka i yuɣal uɣernuq n ukaɣeḍ, ɣur yimurigamen n umḍal, d azamul agraɣlan n telwit. Walim tawlaft uṭṭun Sa (7) akked Tam(8), aɣernuq amuddur akked win n ukaɣeḍ.
Afurk Amuran neɣ Amaziɣ-aspanyuli[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tabadut n wawal amuran[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Amuran, s tutlayt tafransist ttarun-t akk Mauresque, d arbib yesɛan amalay akked wunti. Nettaru amalay-is akka : Amuran (imuranen). Ma nsers-it deg waddad amaruz, ad t-naru akka : Umuran, yimuranen. Ma d unti-s nettaru-t akka : Tamurant (timuranin). Ma nsers-it deg waddad amaruz, ad t-naru akka : Tmurant (tmuranin). Amuran d awal i d-yekkan seg yisem Amuri yesɛan ula d netta amalay akked wunti. Asegget-is nettaru-t akka : imuriyen. Mi ara ten-sers deg waddad amaruz, ad ten-naru akka : Umuri (yimuriyen). Ma d unti-s nettaru-t akka : Tamurit (Timuriwin). D awal i d-yekkan seg yisem Amur. Amur, anamek-is d akal, d ayla, d aḥric… Nettini : Wa d amur-iw, d ayla-w, d aḥric-iw…” Mi ara ad as-nernu ‘’t’’ n wunti yettuɣal akka : t + amur + t = tamurt” . Zik timetti-nneɣ, am akk timttiwin n yiɣerfan n umḍal, tella tebḍa ɣef sin. Llan wid i umi nettini Imuriyen (at Umur, wid yesɛan amur n wakal), d imdanen yedren deg yiwen n umḍiq. Ttidiren yimuriyen deg tiɣremt, bennun ixxamen-nsen s weẓru, xedmen tafellaḥt… ‘’Kkan-d seg teqbilt n Yibranissen, d taqbilt tameqrant” . Llan daɣen wid i umi ttinin Imaziɣen, d imdanen ilelliyen yedren deg ugar n yiwen umḍiq, leḥḥun seg temnaḍt ɣer tayeḍ. S umata, Imuriyen dren deg ugafa n tmazɣa, ma d Imaziɣen deg unẓul. Igelliden amedya n Gaya, Masensen, Sifaks, Yuba amezwaru, Yuba wis sin… d Imuriyen. Takfarinas… d Amaziɣ. Tura d isem Amaziɣ i newwi d isem-nneɣ, ad yili ahat imi anamek-is d tilelli… Akka i d amdan, yezga yettnadi ɣef wayen i t-ixuṣṣen.
Anekcum[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Am waken xedmen Ijapuniyen i xedmen lejdud-nneɣ imuriyen (imaziɣen ass-a), wwin-d taẓuri n uḍfas n ukaɣeḍ s ɣur Iciniyen. Tedda-d tẓuri-a akked unekcum n ukaɣeḍ ɣer tmazɣa ahat deg lqern wis X. Mačči s ɣur ijapuniyen i tt-id-newwi, acku ur nufa ara deg umezruy yella wassaɣ ger Imuriyen akked Yijapuniyen. Sakin, deg lqern wis XI, nessekcem akaɣeḍ ɣer Yurup. Ad yili deg tallit-nni i negla ula s tẓuri n uḍfas n ukaɣeḍ. Tawsit i d-snulfan imuriyen deg-s cwiṭ n wayen i umi nettini tura deg tallit tatrat urigami amadwan akked cwiṭ seg wurigami addayan. S umata d timudmin tinzegganin, acku deg tallit-nni yella yettwagdel usgudem n wemdan neɣ aɣersiw. D wa i umi nettini : Urigami ansayan n yimuriyen neɣ urigami amuran. Ttbut n waya d tamudemt n ugḍiḍ i umi nettini ‘’awaqqur n ukaɣeḍ’’ yesɛan deg leɛmer-is anda ma ulac VII leqrun. Tamudemt-a, d ttbut n tilin n wemhaz n tẓuri yemmeẓlen d wwin n yijapuniyen. Llan kra ssawḍen armi d-nnan, ula d aseɣnew n tẓuri n uḍfas mačči deg Ccin i d-teḍra maca deg sin imeḍqan, Tandalust (Spanya) akked Japun. Ma nwala s “Awaqqur n ukaɣeḍ”, ad naf seg-s i d-wwin ilugan i ɣef yebna tura wurigami atrar. Nezmer ad nini, war ma ikukra umdan, amhaz n tẓuri n wurigami, anda ma ulac, yeḍfer sin iberdan. Agḍiḍ-a taferkit-is d tamkuẓt, ulac deg-s agzam n ukaɣeḍ, ulac deg-s asenṭeḍ s usenṭaḍ am waken yella deg wurigami ansayan n yijapuniyen. D imenzayen n wurigami ansayan n yimuriyen neɣ afurk Amaziɣ-aspanyuli, i yewwi ass-a wurigami atrar. Awaqqur n ukaɣeḍ d tamudemt tatrart ɣas akken leɛmer-is, am waken i d-nenna usawen, azal n VII leqrun aya seg wasmi tt-d-snulfan. Aṭas n tɣemmar seg tmeddurt n tẓuri n wurigami iɣer mazal tewwiḍ tafat n umezruy akken yiwen wass ad iban wayen idergen.
Awaqqur n ukaɣeḍ[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Anwa i d amesnulfu n uwaqqur n ukaɣeḍ ? Ulac adlis i d yemmeslayen fell-as, ulac ttbut ala netta s timmad-is. Ayen i tebten, snulfan-t-id deg Tandalust, Spanya n wass-a, ahat ger lqern wis XI akked wis XIII. Tamudemt-a isem-is s tespenyulit ’’Pajirita’’ (agḍiḍ ameẓyan). Ifransisen ttinin-as ‘’la cocotte’’ (tayaziḍt). Ma d nekni nettini-as : Awaqqur n ukaɣeḍ. Deg kra imeḍqan n tmurt n yiqbayliyen yemmeẓli ususru-s n yisem n uwaqqur, kra ttinin-as : Aqqur neɣ aqqer. Ma neɛreḍ ad neṣleḍ tamudemt-a, ad naf deg-s kra iberdan i izemren ad aɣ-ssiwḍen ɣer bab-is neɣ amesnulfu-s. Amurigam i d yesnulfan awaqqur n ukaɣeḍ mačči kan d amdan iḥemmlen aḍfas, nezmer ad nini fell-as d anazbay. Acku deg tallit-nni, anaẓur-a yella yesɛa nnig uqerruy-is ugdilen n tesɣent (Ddin). Asgudem n uɣersiw neɣ n umdan s uẓru, s usɣar, s urekti n taleɣt neɣ s ukaɣeḍ yettwagdel deg tallit-nni. Ɣas akken, yeṭṭef taɣennant, ur yebra ara i uḍfas n ukaɣeḍ. Ɣef waya i nezmer ad nini deg tazwara, amesnulfu n tmudemt-a d ineslem mačči d aɛebri, mačči d amasiḥi. Tin ɣer-s, d ineslem menwala, lemmer yella d uẓmik ur yettili d anaẓur. D mmis n uɣref acku wid i ḥekmen ur d-lhin ara d uḍfas, ssemrasen akaɣeḍ i tɣawsiwin nniḍen. Walim ukessar-a tawlaft uṭṭun Tza (9), d wa i umi nettini awaqqur n ukaɣeḍ.
Abrid nniḍen, ad aɣ-yawi s imuriyen acku ulac later n tira. Aɣref amaẓiɣ deg tallit-nni, s umata d atlay. Win d-yesnulfan Awaqqur-a, lemmer d amdan ur nelli d amaziɣ, talli ahat ad naf idlisen ɣef wurigami yuran s tutlayt taɛrabt neɣ ahat s tutlayt taspanyulit. Ulac din ccek lemmer ad yili unadi deg umezruy n tẓuri-a, aṭas n tɣawsiwin ara naf zemrent ad aɣ-swehment. Tura, rran Awaqqur n ukaɣeḍ d azamul n yimurigamen n Yurup. Maca ɣur-neɣ, d azamul i yekkan nnig tẓuri s timmad-is, d azamul n tlelli akked uzbu. Tura ad neɛreḍ ad wali acuɣer i yuɣal uwaqqur d azamul. Ɣur Iyurupiyen yuɣal d azamul n yimurigamen-nsen acku d tamudemt i d-ilulen deg tmurt n Spanya yellan am wakken teẓram akk deg Yurup. Azamul-a (Awaqqur), nettalas deg-s ula d nekni, maca yemmeẓli unamek i as-nefka. Tamezwarut, ilul-d s yiwet n tmuɣli neɣ deg yiwet n tallit n uzbu mgal n wugdilen n tesɣent am wakken i t-id-nenna usawen. Ɣas akken deg tallit-nni ideg yedder unaẓur, lihala tella teẓmek, maca yufa-d abrid anseg yekka. Seg tama, yessemneɛ aqerruy-is seg tmettant imi awaqqur yeḍfes ur yesɛa ara udem n ugḍiḍ, qrib ur iban d acu-t, ad as-tiniḍ d udem anzeggan, d aya. Seg tama nniḍen, ur yeḥbis ara aḍfas akked usnulfu n tmudmin. Yezger i tlilisa am tmilla, yekka nnig n tmuɣli n yemdanen n tallit-nni, d amdan bu tektiwin tilelliyin. Tamudemt-a isem-is awaqqur acku d tajmil i nerra i unaẓu i tt-id-isnulfan. Am waken teẓram, awaqqur amuddur d azamul n tlelli acku ur iqebbel ara tameddurt deg lqebṣ. Akken ara yeqqim, ur itečč ur ites alamma yemmut. Isenyaf tamettant wala tameddurt deg lqebṣ am unamek i nefka i umaziɣ. Rnu i waya, Awaqqur d anaẓur n uẓawan, d amẓawen ameqran, mačči yiwet n taɣect i yesɛa. Mi ara as-tesleḍ, ad as-tiniḍ d tasanfunit n Bethoven. D azamul n uzbu i lmend n tmeddurt yedder unaẓur i t-id-yesnulfan. Rnu i waya, Awaqqur, s umata icennu s umata deg yiḍ. Amzun akken yebɣa ad yini, ɣas akken tebrek n yiḍ, nezmer ad nesnulfu, ad nesseɣnew tiɣawsiwin icebḥen aṭas, yesɛan azal...
Awaqqur amuddur[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Awaqqur amuddur d agḍiḍ yettinigen seg tmurt ɣer tayeḍ. Ulac tamurt ideg yettɣim akk aseggas. Yettaweḍ-d ɣer tmurt n Lezzayer deg tefsut, yettuɣal deg taggara n unebdu. Učči n uwaqqur amuddur d ibeɛɛac amedya n tweḍfin. Ibennu lɛec-is qrib s aswir n tqaɛet tikwal srid ɣef dqaɛet deg yimeḍqan idergen i tmuɣli. Yettarew s umata azal n wukuẓ (4) neɣ semmus (5) n tmellalin. Yesɛa deg lqed-is azal n 16 isantimitren. Ma nket iferrawen-is deg sin (2) mi ara ldin, nettaf-iten sɛan ger 22 ar 24 isantimitren. Taẓeyt : 18 ar 27 n yigramen. Ma d tameddurt-nsen tettaweḍ ɣer 6 iseggasen. Awaqqur deg tsekla s umata yettban-d amzun akken d agḍiḍ iḥeznen. Wissen ahat imi s umata icennu deg yiḍ. Deg tmetti, ttaken-t d amedya. Ttinin-as i win neɣ tin yesɛan taɣect ilhan, yesɛa taɣect n uwaqqur.
Urigami atrar neɣ taleslalit n tẓuri[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg yiseggasen-nni n 1930 akked 1940 i bdan yettemlili ufurk Ajapuni akked ufurk Amaziɣ-aspanyuli. Sakin tqelleɛ tleslalit n tẓuri n Wurigami deg umḍal, niqal tesbek am akken i tt-id-ǧǧan d leqrun aya i teqqim. D amurigam Uchiyama Koko i d ababat n wurigami atrar. Deg iseggasen 1930 i d-ḍran inadiyen imezwura ɣef yizaduren. Yesnulfa-d daɣen timudmin timaynuten, iḍfes-d tijeǧǧigin. D netta daɣen i d amezwaru i isetnen izerfan-is n umeskar, yefka azal i wayen d-yesnulfa, yestenya-t. Acku zik ur ttestenyin ara tamudemt mi ara tt-id-snulfun, tettɣimi akken war isem. Sakin ḍefren-t-id tsutwin n yinaẓuren nniḍen, yal wa d acu i d-yewwi d amaynut i tẓuri n wurigami. Amedya n Yoshizawa Akira i d-iẓergen 18 yidlisen ideg ara naf akk timudmin-nni d timaynutin. Walim tawlaft uṭṭun mraw kraḍ (13), Mass Akira akked tmudmin i d-yesnulfa netta s timmad-is. Deg useggas 1950, d Akira Yoshizawa (Ajapuni) akked Sam Randlett (Amarikani) i d-yesnulfan izamulen n tɣuri ssemrasen tura akk yimurigamen n umḍal. Slugnen ameskan, yuɣal yeshel uglam akked tɣuri n yiḍefsen n tmudmin. Anagraw-a ttinin-as tura : Anagraw Yoshizawa-Randlett. Tameẓla yellan ger urigami ansayan d utrar mmalen-ten-id kra tɣawsiwin. Amedya amezwaru d aslugen n tẓuri. Yiwen umenzay seg yimenzayen n uzadur n urigami atrar yettini-d : Timudmin akk ara d-yesnulfu umurigam yessefk ad ilint seg tferkit tamkuẓt. Ad tettwaḍfes tferkit war agzam neɣ asenṭeḍ n ukaɣeḍ s usenṭaḍ. Asnulfu n umeskan yessegrawel taẓuri. Acku asemres n umeskan yettalel amurigam akken ad yales i tmudemt akken tella mačči s ugacu. Yettḍafar umurigam n wassa ameskan ideg ara yaf akk isallen i yes-s ara yeḍfes tamudemt. Asnulfu n tmudmin timaynutin teldi tawwurt i useɣnew n tewsatin nniḍen amedya n wurigami aẓuran, urigami addayan, urigami n tusnakt… Assa, urigami yefrek d tiwsatin. Taẓuri, tura tesɛa ilugan ibanen, yettwasnen. Di tazwara d tiziknin tigraɣlanin kan i yessawḍen taẓuri n wurigami ad tt-issinen ugar n yemdanen. Tura rnan-d wallalen nniḍen amedya n Anternet, idlisen, tiliẓri akked yisalalen nniḍen, ssawḍen taẓuri ɣer qrib akk timura n umaḍal.
Urigami deg tmurt n Lezzayer[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tallit taqburt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Da ɣur-neɣ nessen seg wacḥal aya d acu i d Aḍfas n ukaɣeḍ. Anwa deg-neɣ ur neḍfes tasafagt, tasebbaḥrut neɣ ahat aɣerrabu ? Anwa ur neḍfis tacacit s ukaɣeḍ n uɣmis deg uzal akken ad yesdari aqerruy-is seg ḥamu n yiṭij?… Aya akk d taẓuri n wurigami, aya akk yesɛa amezruy. Taswiɛt-a ulac inadiyen ara aɣ-d-yemmel amek teḍra, amek temhez tẓuri seg tallit-nni tandalusant ɣer tallit i deg d-tekcem Fransa ɣer tmurt n lezzayer. D tallit taberkant yeḥwaǧen tafat. Deg taggara n lqern wis XIX, asmi d-yewweḍ uɣerbaz agdudan ɣer tmurt n Lezzayer i d-yegla s tẓuri n wurigami. D tisutwin n yigurdan i yellan ḍefsen akaɣeḍ. Grant-d kra n tmudmin mazal cfan fell-asent medden amedya n uɣerrabu, tasafagt, aqerru n umcic…
Tallit tatrart[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Seg tewwi tmurt n Lezzayer timmunent-is, tebda tẓuri n wurigami la d-tettefeɣ seg uɣerbaz cwiṭ cwiṭ armi truḥ tenger. Grant-d kra n tmudmin tiqburin d cfaya ɣur wid yeɣran yakan deg uɣerbaz afransis. Maca, ɣer taggara-a, s Anternet, anekcum n kra n yedlisen n tẓuri, s tutlayt tafransist, ɣer tnedlisin n tmurt-nneɣ akked uẓrag n yedlisen s tutlayt tamaziɣt, nezmer ad nini tqelleɛ tleslalit n tẓuri n wurigami.


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Tabṛatt 1 i Tmutawus (Épître 1 à Timothée)
Chapitre 3
1 ?-țideț mi qqaṛen : « ma yella win yebɣan ad yuɣal d amdebbeṛ di tejmaɛt d ayen yelhan i gețmenni ». 2 Lameɛna amdebbeṛ di tejmaɛt ur ilaq ara ad afen deg-s lɣaci wayen ara s-d-ssukksen, ilaq ad yesɛu yiwet n tmeṭṭut kan, ad yili d win iḥekkmen deg iman-is, d aɛeqli, d win iteddun s ṣṣwab.
Ilaq ad yili d win yesṭerḥiben deg wexxam-is, d win izemren ad isselmed awal n Ṛebbi ; 3 ur yețțili ara d asekṛan neɣ d amčaqlal meɛna ad yili d aḥnin d imhenni. Ur ilaq ara ad iḥemmel idrimen ; 4 ilaq daɣen ad yissin amek ara idebbeṛ ɣef wexxam-is, arraw-is ad ilin d wid yețțaɣen awal yerna a t-țqadaṛen.
5 Axaṭer ma yella walebɛaḍ ur yezmir ara ad idebbeṛ ɣef wexxam is, amek ara idebbeṛ di tejmaɛt n Sidi Ṛebbi ?
6 Amdebbeṛ di tejmaɛt ur ilaq ara ad yili d ajdid di liman di Ɛisa Lmasiḥ,* m'ulac a t-yekcem zzux, aț-țedṛu yid-es akken tedṛa d Cciṭan. *f*+
7 Ilaq ula d wid ur numin ara s Ɛisa Lmasiḥ a d-cehden fell-as s lxiṛ ur țțafen ara deg-s wayen ara s-d ssukksen, iwakken ur iɣelli ara di tecṛektin n Cciṭan.*
Iqeddacen n tejmaɛt
8 Iqeddacen n tejmaɛt daɣen ilaq ad sɛun leqdeṛ, ad ilin d irgazen iteṭṭfen deg awal-nsen, ad xḍun i tissit n ccṛab akk-d rrbeḥ n lexdeɛ.
9 Ilaq ad ḥerzen s wul yeṣfan* lbaḍna n liman i d-yețwakecfen. 10 Ilaq ula d nutni ad țwajeṛben di leqdic-nsen, m'ur ufin ara ayen ara sen-d-ssukksen imiren zemren ad qedcen di tejmaɛt.
11 Ula ț-țiqeddacin n tejmaɛt ilaq ad sɛunt lḥeṛma, ur țmeslayent ara cceṛ ɣef wiyaḍ, ad ilint ț-țiɛeqliyin, ț-țid i ɣef yella lețkal ɣef kullec.
12 Iqeddacen n tejmaɛt ilaq ad sɛun yiwet n tmeṭṭut kan yerna ad ḍebbṛen ɣef yexxamen-nsen d warraw-nsen akken ilaq.
13 Axaṭer wid iqeddcen ɣef tejmaɛt akken ilaq, ad yali leqdeṛ-nsen ad nnernin di liman yerna ad sɛun lețkal d ameqqran di Ɛisa Lmasiḥ.
Lsas n liman
14 Uriɣ-ak-n meṛṛa annect-agi ɣas akken ssarameɣ a n-aseɣ ɣuṛ-ek, 15 iwakken ma ɛeṭṭleɣ ur n-usiɣ ara aț-țissineḍ amek i glaq aț-țedduḍ deg wexxam n Sidi Ṛebbi i gellan ț-țajmaɛt n Ṛebbi yeddren. Tajmaɛt-agi, ț-țigejdit i ɣef ters tideț.
16 S tideț acḥal meqqṛet lbaḍna n Lmasiḥ yellan d sebba n liman-nneɣ : win akken i d-yusan s ṣṣifa n wemdan, i ɣef d-icehhed Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen, tɛeǧǧbent deg-s lmalayekkat,* yețwabecceṛ i leǧnas, umnen yis di ddunit meṛṛa, yețwarfed s tmanegt tameqqrant ɣer igenwan.
Leǧhel n wussan ineggura
( 1 Yn 4. 1-3 ; Kl 2. 16-23 ; 2 Tm 2. 6-4 )

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YECCU LMASIḤ iqqar ... NECC d TAFAWT n DDUNECT
Wenni dd ayi i ɣa iḍfaren, war iggur ɛemmarṣ di taǧest, maca ad ɣares tiři tfawt n tudart !
Břa tafawt, war tettwif ca tudart! S uyenni marra inni iddaren di ddunect-a tteḥdajan tafawt ḥima ad ddaren s tidett. Yeccu Lmasih iqqar aqa Netta d Tafawt n ddunect, war teǧi tafuct niɣ uziri niɣ itran, maca Yeccu Lmasiḥ s yixef nnes. Marra iwdan zi marra timmura n ddunect-a zemmaren ad ssnen ktar x Tfawt-a, ixs ad yini x Yeccu Lmasiḥ. Ittxeṣṣa waha ad tɣared L'Injil niɣ ad tesřid i wawařen n Tira Iqeddsen n Arebbi.
Danita ad tafed Tira Iqeddsen n Arebbi s tutlayt n Trifit, s Tmaziɣt n Arif. Tzemmared ad tesřid i min yuran di Tira Iqeddsen niɣ ad daysen tɣared. Tzemmared ad texzared ɛawed ijj n vidyu x tudart n Yeccu Lmasih. Iři ad ac / am ibarek Sidi Arebbi!


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Tasuqilt agi ur temmid ara. Ma ulac aɣilif, mudd afus di tsuqilt n umagrad agi si teglizit.
Urar d-yiwen seg irmuden n Tasenselkimt aɣerfan.titiknulujiyin timaynutin ttawint-d yal ass asnefli arebbaw u seg widen iǧehden ig zemren ad iddu di yal iminig ɣef web arawas i tignutin.
Anṣuf yissek ɣer s agans n usnefli n wurar MDN!deg taɣult agi n wasmel,nejajjaw tiɣbula i yinaflayen n web ig bɣan ad sneflin uraren.atafem ahdum ilmedẓanen d imagraden iteknikiten a yelhun deg umuɣ amenzawi ɣef zelmeḍ,ihi ur ttkukru ara snirmed.
Nesekcem daɣen yiwet n tigezmi n tamselɣut akken a tizmirem s ttawil attafem isalen ɣef meṛṛa GSS ( aGrudem n uSihel n yiSnasen) yettwamahlen deg tasneflit n uraren,akked umuɣen imsaddayen a yilhun d wallalen ad uraren sumedya.
—Tamawt: Asnulfu n wuraren deg Web yers ɣef kra n titiknulujiyin Web n taffa am HTML,CSS d JavaScript. Tama Learning Area tin yelhan i walmed n taffa .
Port d urar agwneslul deg web
Ma yella teliḍ d-aneflay agwneslul(amedya uraren n tira s C++),u ma yella daɣen tɣeḍwfeḍ i wamek ara tesiwḍeḍ uraren ɣer web,yessefk attlemdeḍ xilla afecku nneɣ Emscripten-D asefsay LLVM ɣer JavaScript,ig ttaṭafen LLVM bytecode (amedya,srew seg C / C ++ s tallalt n clang,neɣ seg tutlayt nniḍen)u ad isefsu ayagi ɣer asm.js,ig zemren ad ittuselkem di web.
Iw sizmur, sesten:
- Γef Emscripten i tazwart ay s kecmen i sulliḍen ilhan nedzah,
- Azdam anmeggag d usarsi i usarsi n tazrart n ifecka.
- Almeḍris Emscripten i walmedẓan akken attlemdem asekker.
Imedyaten
Iw umuɣ imedyaten n uraren Web,wali asebter nneɣ imedyaten.sesten daɣen openwebgames.com i tiɣbula d imedyaten i wulmen.
Wali daɣen
- Snulfud uraren imaynuten
- D asmel asdukkalan ig rran azal i waṭas n ilmeḍras n taneflit n uraren Web yeldin.acukkan ur lḥin ara akken i wullem,maca ɣurṣen taɣbalut ilhan.
- Asnulfu JS
- D yiwet n Talkensit ti tiknikiyin JavaScript yesewhamen d waṭas n tirmitin,wer sefru i wuraren,acu kkan wulmen.ussan agi ur yermed,maca yeṭṭef tiɣbula yelhan.
- Tamudemt usihel n uraren
- Adlis ar uqqin,yura Bob Nystrom,ig ttmeslayen ɣef timudmiwin n usihel deg tawenna n taneflit n urar iw akken a nefk tallalt i yineflayen n uraren akken ad ger tangalt i fazen.
- GamedeY.js Weekly
- Gamedev.js tanfult n dduṛt iw snefli n uraren HTML5,i d ittwaznen yal sḍisass.degs ameɣlal aneggaru n imagraden,almeḍris,ifecka d iɣbula.
- Agraw n amyannan HTML5
- Agraw n ineflayen,isnulfuyen n ikataren d imaszṛagen.mmud tuttra,ad awiḍ iwenniten,a tefkeḍ tallalt i wiyaḍ.
- Amsadday n unadi HTML5
- Umuɣ ikataren n uraren HTML5 aɣerfan akked summa n sen,Tiskanin d tilemmicin.
- JSBreakouts
- Snemhel ijguya n Breakout JavaScript deg yal imezlan n ikataren iw akken attafem tallalt u attfernem akken iwata.
- Tuts+ asnefli n urar
- Ilmedṛisen d imagraden deg taneflit n uraren sumata.
- Amsekker HTML5
- Starter iy imsnefliyen n uraren,yiwen wumuɣ n iseɣwen n aṭas iɣbula useqdec deg Web.
- js13kGames
- JavaScript tamenziɣt tangalt i yimsnefliyen n uraren HTML5 akked ubadu n tiddi n ifuyla yerṣa ɣer 13 kilubytes. meṛṛa uraren zeggszan ttwaheggan s udem n talɣa yettwaɣṛan deg GitHub.0.
- Ablug n Mozilla hacks
- Taggayt n uraren deg ablug Mozilla Hacks nagbas imagraden ackiten ɣef gamedev.
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CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) neɣ s Teqbaylit tiferkit n uɣanib s udabder n tultayt n tseɣrut isenqaden amek i d-teffɣen isebtar deg browser. Iminig yesnas taseɣrut n uɣanib CSS ɣef iferdisen yettwafernen akken ad ten-id-yesken akken iwata. Taseɣrut n uɣanib tegber timezliyin akked wazalen nnsent, ayen id-yemmalen amek egan isebtar web.
CSS d yiwen seg titiknulujiyin tigejdanin Web, akked HTML d JavaScript. CSS yettwaseqdac labaɛda i Iferdisen HTML, acukan yezmer daɣen ad ittuseqdec akked di tutlayin n tṛekkizin am SVG neɣ XML.
Alugen CSS yettuwennez ar properties icudden ar umsefran. Wagi d amedya yettarran yal taseddaṛt HTML d awraɣ deg ugilal aberkan:
/* Amsefran "p" yemmal-d d akken akk tiseddaṛin deg isemli ara yeḥaz ulugen*/ p { /* Imyerr "color" yemmal-d ini n uḍris, dagi d awraɣ. */ color: yellow; /* Imyerr "background-color" yemmal-d ini n ugilal, dagi d aberkan. */ background-color: black }
"Adabdar" immal-d ilugan amek ara ddun imsefran deg usmizzwer n usnes n ilugan akken ad sniflen arwes n usebter. Ayagi d tamahilt igarzen, acku asmel web asemlal yezmer ad yegber agimen n ilugan CSS.


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Tabṛatt 1 i itisalunikiyen (Épître 1 aux Thessaloniciens)
Chapitre 2
1 Ay atmaten, kunwi s yiman-nwen teẓram mačči mbla lmeɛna i d-nusa ɣuṛ-wen. 2 Teẓram daɣen nenneɛtab, nețwargem di temdint n Filibus, meɛna neṭṭef di liman-nneɣ di Sidi Ṛebbi, nkemmel abecceṛ n wawal-is gar-awen ɣas akken nețwaqehheṛ.
3 Lexbeṛ-agi n lxiṛ* i wen-d newwi ur ibni ara ɣef lekdeb neɣ ɣef tḥila d lexdeɛ. 4 Sidi Ṛebbi ițkel fell-aɣ, daymi i ɣ-iceggeɛ iwakken a nbecceṛ awal-is. Axaṭer iẓra nețmeslay mačči iwakken a neɛǧeb i yemdanen, meɛna iwakken a s-neɛǧeb i nețța yessnen ulawen-nneɣ. 5 Teẓram belli leɛmeṛ ur nemmeslay s usqizzeb neɣ neḍmeɛ kra deg yiwen, atan Sidi Ṛebbi d inigi !
6 Leɛmeṛ ur nqelleb ad yali ccan-nneɣ ama ɣuṛ-wen ama ɣer wiyaḍ ; yerna lemmer nebɣi, nezmer a nḥettem iman-nneɣ fell-awen imi d imceggɛen* n Lmasiḥ* i nella !
7 Meɛna asmi nella gar-awen, neččuṛ d leḥnana am tyemmaț ițḥadaren* ɣef warraw-is.
8 Imi tellam deg wulawen-nneɣ, mačči kan d lexbaṛ n lxiṛ * n Sidi Ṛebbi i nebɣa a wen-nbecceṛ, meɛna nezmer a nsebbel ula ț-țiṛwiḥin-nneɣ fell-awen, axaṭer teɛzizem fell-aɣ aṭas.
9 Ma tecfam ay atmaten ɣef wussan nni mi i wen-d-newwi lexbaṛ n lxiṛ, nenneɛtab, nxeddem iḍ d wass akken ur nețțili ț-țaɛkumt ula i yiwen deg-wen.
10 Ṛebbi yeẓra, kunwi teẓram belli tikli-nneɣ teṣfa, nedda s lḥeqq, yiwen ur aɣ-d-issukkes lɛib gar-awen kunwi s wid yumnen. 11 Teẓram daɣen nella i mkul yiwen deg-wen am ubabat ɣer warraw-is.
12 Nenha-kkun, nesseǧhed-ikkun, nḥellel-ikkun iwakken aț-țeddum akken yebɣa Sidi Ṛebbi i wen-d issawlen ɣer tgeldit-is* d lɛaḍima-s. 13 S wakka nețḥemmid dayem Sidi Ṛebbi imi tqeblem awal-is i wen-d newwi. Tqeblem-t mačči am akken d awal n wemdan, meɛna tqeblem-t imi d awal n Sidi Ṛebbi. D awal-agi i gxeddmen deg-wen tura, kunwi s wid yumnen.
14 Ay atmaten, tedṛa yid-wen am tejmuyaɛ n imasiḥiyen yellan di tmurt n Yahuda : akken i kkun-qehṛen warraw n tmurt-nwen akken daɣen i ten-qehṛen wudayen.
15 D udayen-agi i genɣan Ssid nneɣ Ɛisa Lmasiḥ akk-d lenbiya, d nutni daɣen i ɣ-iqehṛen.
Ɛuṣan Sidi Ṛebbi yerna d iɛdawen n yemdanen.
16 Rnan kemmlen di ddnubat-nsen, axaṭer ur ɣ-ǧǧin ara a nbecceṛ leslak n Sidi Ṛebbi i leǧnas nniḍen ur nelli ara n wat Isṛail. S wakka i d-yeɣli lɛiqab n Sidi Ṛebbi fell-asen.
Timuti ițțuceggeɛ ɣer temdint n Tiṣalunik
17 Ma d nukni ay atmaten seg wasmi i d-nṛuḥ s ɣuṛ-wen, ɣas akken ur kkun-ẓerrent ara wallen, tellam deg wulawen-nneɣ ; nxaq fell-awen aṭas, daymi i neɛṛeḍ a d-nas iwakken a kkun-nẓer. 18 Acḥal n tikkal i nebɣa a nuɣal ɣuṛ-wen, nekk s yiman-iw, yiwet neɣ snat n tikkal i ɛerḍeɣ a n-ruḥeɣ, meɛna Cciṭan * ur aɣ yeǧǧi ara, iqḍeɛ-aɣ abrid.
19 D kunwi i d sebba n usirem d lfeṛḥ-nneɣ ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi, yis-wen ara nzuxx zdat Ssid-nneɣ Ɛisa asm'ara d-yuɣal. 20 Ț-țideț, d kunwi i d can nneɣ i d lfeṛḥ-nneɣ.


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Yiwwas, Aydes ira akken ad yessali axxam. Inuda tameṭṭut di tgelda-ines, ur yuff’ ara. YuYal ig’ akka, yesuffeY-d akkeṛus-ines, zzuYuṛen 4 igemren, yuli-d Yer nnig n tmurt, akken ad inadi Yef tmeṭṭut. Yewweḍ Yer yiger n Yina, yufa dinna Piṛsifunya, yelli-s n Dzus, agellid n igennawen, d Dimitir, tagennawt n teYrest. Yuffa-tt tettekkes ijeğğigen. Aydes, akken kan tt-yeẓra, immeY fell-as, irefd-itt.
Akken kan tt-yerfed, tamurt telli, dYa nettlen. Yiwen ur yeẓri anida rran.
Dimitir, imi tesla, tetteč tasa-s Yef yelli-s. Tetti d tameṭṭut, teffeY akken ad tt-tnadi fell-as. Tnuda akk timura, tetteddu iḍ d wass, ur teğği amkan. Tetteddu testeqsay, ulac. Ulac win iwallan yelli-s. Tnuda 9 wussan d 9 wuḍan, ur tt-tuf' ara. TuYal tenna-yas : "M ur d-tuYal ara yelli, atan ad sekweY tamurt, ad sekweY lexlawi d tliwa. Ad d-yeYli llaẓ d uYurar ḥacama tenger ddunit." -
Hilyus, iṭij, imi s-yesla akken i Dimitir, yekker yenna-yas d akken d Aydes i yesaffaren yelli-s.
Dimitir tṣubb Yer Waydes akken a d-tawi yelli-s, maca yugi ad s-tt-id-yerr. DYa tekker terra taluft Yer Dzus, bab n igenwan. Dzus, agellid n igennawen, igerw-d Aydes d Piṛsifunya, akken ad tt-yefru gar-asen. Yenna-yas Waydes i Dzus : "Piṛsifunya tečča 7 yebruyen n ṛṛeman deg wexxam-iw, degmi tura, yefka-yi-tt lqanun, ur tezmir ara ad ttwareb." - Dzus yufa d abrid, maca diYen ma yella tkemmel akkenni, ad tenger ddunit. DYa ig' akka, yekker ugellid amuqran, igzem-itt gar-asen. Yenna-yasen d akken deg wass-n d asawen, Piṛsifunya ad tettilli 6 wagguren Yer Waydes, 6 wagguren Yer yemma-s Dimitir.
Deg wass-nni sakkin, m' ara tilli Piṛsifunya Yer yemma-s, ad tafeḍ d tafsut d unebdu, anda tamurt tettuYal d tazegzawt, lexlawi ğuğgen, ifṛax sčewčiwen... Im ara tilli Yer Waydes, dYa ad kecmen lexṛif d ccetwa, anda d-yettuYal leḥzen, iYelli-d wagu, yettṣeffir waḍu, iteqqes usemmiḍ, tettru tegnewt...
Idrugen n Yilyusis : Dimitir, imi tettnadi Yef yelli-s, terra iman-is d tameṭṭut, tṛuḥ Yer tmurt n Yilyusis. Imi tewweḍ Yer tmurt-agi, imuger-tt-id ugellid d wegdud n tmurt-agi. Tečča, teswa, teṭṭes. Teqqim dinna Yer-sen acḥal, tuYal asmi tekker ad ttṛuḥ, temla-yasen idrugen n teYrest : amek ara kerzen ? Amek ara megglen ? Amek ara srewten ? Temla-yasen kulci. Deg imiren tuYal tmurt-nni yugar fella-s yirden, wulyu d ubinum. Degmi m'ara d-taweḍ tefsut, ttruḥun Yegrikkiyen Yer tmurt n Yilyusis akken ad tgen tameYra i Dimitir, maca ayen ara ḍrun dinna, ttfarren-t. Degmi s-qarren "idrugen n Yiulyusis. TameYra-agi tettcabi Yer tmeYra n tefsut di tmurt n Leqbayel.
Nuṭa : Adrug/Idrugen : Mystère(s). "Ayen idergen i tiṭ iderg i wul"


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Tarjentint
Tarjentint (isem unṣib : Tagduda n Terjentint), s tespanyulit : Republica de Argentina [reˈpuBlika aɾxenˈtina]) d tamurt tameqrant ay d-yezgan deg wenẓul n Temrikt n Wenẓul. Tajumma-nnes 2,780,400 km2. Zedɣen-tt 40,677,348 n yimezdaɣen (Arjentinen).
Tarakalt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tamurt-a ɣer-s ilel di tama n Ugaraw Aṭlasi. Seg utaram-ugafa tḥudd-itt-id Cili, seg ugafa d wegmuḍ, tḥudd-itt-id Brazil yerna deg ugafa-umalu tḥudd-itt Bolivia. Seg ugafa, tḥudd-itt Paragway. Seg wegmuḍ-alemmas tḥudd-itt Urugway Seg wenẓul, tḥudd-itt-id Ugaraw Aṭlasi. Anezwi n tmurt-a d agrawi deg wegmuḍ yerna d akiwan deg utaram.


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Iw beddel n wagbur deg MDN,yessefk-ak ad yilli umuɣ MDN.ur teḥwaǧǧeḍ ara umuɣ nniḍen. ma tebɣiḍ tira d unadi n isemliyen MDN.amnir agi ak-id yefk tallalt iw swel n umuɣ inek
Tansa n imayl inek tettwaseqdec iw ḥeli n umiḍan inek u ahat yezmer ad yettwaseqdec sɣuṛ inebdalen MDN iw akken ak-id snermesen ɣef idra n umiḍan inek neɣ imttekkiyen inek deg wasmel.
Tzemreḍ daɣen atesqedceḍ iw miltaɣ ɣer isebtar i seg tebɣiḍ atisineḍ ibeddilen (wali amagrad agi iw ugar n ttfaṣil) neɣ iw nermes iznan nniḍen:amedya,ma jerdeḍ iman-ik ɣer lqem beta,tzemreḍ ad remseḍ iznan yaɛnan timahalin ig teddun deg senqed..
Tansa imayl inek ur tettwasken ara deg MDN u tettwaseqdec ḥaca deg lemqadṛa n tasertit nneɣ n Tabeḍnit.
- Assawen n yal asebtar deg MDN,attafeḍ taqeffalt isem-is Tuqqna.Sweṛ amumed inek fell-as (neɣ ssit fell-as,ma ad ibenk aziraz i teseqdaceḍ) iw sken n tabdart n tinfawin usesteb iw umi nezmer s wazmul deg MDN.
- Fren tanfa i tuqqna s.Akka tura,ḥaca GitHub ig llan.cfu ma yella ad GitHub i tferneḍ,ad yilli useɣwwen s umuɣ inek deg sebtar n umuɣ inek n MDN azayez.
- Ḍfeṛ tinaḍin n GitHub i tuqqna umiḍan inek ɣer MDN .
- Mara yefak umecwaṛ usesteb,ad uɣaleḍ ɣer MDN neɣ a k-id nesuter isem uqeddac d tansa n imayl.Isem inek uqeddac ad yilli ad azayez u ad yettwaseqdec akken ak-id yefk iy ittekkiyen.Ur seqdac ara tansa inek n imayl am isem uqeddac.
- Sit ɣef ad Snulfuɣ amaɣnu inu MDN.
- Ma yella tansa imayl yettwasqedcen deg mecwaṛ wis 4 ur telli am tin yettwasqedcen s tanfa n usesteb,ttxilek sefqed tansa imayl inek u sit ɣef useɣwen n usentem i k-id nuzen.
Atan ihi! Γuṛek tura amiḍan MDN u tzemreḍ ad ziẓreg-ḍ imagraden!
Tzemreḍ attsiteḍ ɣef isem inek iwsawen deg yal asebtar MDN iw akken attwaliḍ amaɣnu inek azayez.Seg sebtar agi n umaɣnu,tzemreḍ attsiteḍ ɣef Abeddel iw ziẓreg n tilɣa n umaɣnu inek.
Tazmilt: Ismawen iqeddacen ur yessefk ara ad illin degsen ilmawen neɣ asekkil @.Anabri,isem inek uqeddac ad yettwaseqdec deg azayez iw akken ad yekez ittekkiyen inek .


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LEZZAYER – Send leqrar n uslway n digduda i yextaren akken ad yetixar di tselwit n Lezzayer am wakken yella…Lire la suite »
Lezzayer
LEZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Asqamu amenḍawa yemlal, ass n ukras (larebɛa) deg Lezzayer, i wakken ad yetbet yilem n umḍiq n…Lire la suite »
LEZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Ajiniral n Tfekka n Tredsa, anmazul n uneɣlaf n Temḥaddit aɣelnaw, Aɣella n Yifesyanen n Tredsa taɣelnawt…Lire la suite »
LEZZAYER TAMANEƔT –Takebanit n Sonatrach yesseḍra-d yiwen n uzwil n uweẓlu n usiǧew n 39 n yimelyaren n yidularen deg…Lire la suite »
LEZZAYER – am wakken yella di tanummi si 22 furar yezrin yel ass n sem (ljemɛa) tillint-d tmesbaniyin n talwit…Lire la suite »
LEZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Ad yeɣli ugeffur, ɣer tamma n waḍu akk-d rrɛud, s wass-a deg sḍis « 06 » n igezduyen n Unẓul n…Lire la suite »
BLIDA – Taɣlamt tazzayrit (imeqranen / Irgazen) n tcirḍart terna aqusis atunsi s ugmuḍ n (aḥric amezwaru 1-0, wis sin…Lire la suite »
LEZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Talɣut-nni n usufeɣ n yidrimen, seg ubrid n tbanka, am wakken i tt-id-nnan yimidyaten, ‘’ur tesɛi ara…Lire la suite »
LEZZAYER – D igiman n yiɣermanen (imesbaniyen) ay d-yeffɣen ad gen tiddiwin (timesbaniyin neɣ tikliwin) tiɣerfanin d tigzdawanin n talwit…Lire la suite »
MUSKU – Aselway n tegduda, Abdelaziz Bouteflika, ay iɣetsen ur d-yesruruy ara iman-nnes ɣer tefranin tiselwayanin ay d-yetteddun, yenna-d dakken…Lire la suite »


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Kanada
Kanada d-tamurt d-yezgan deg ugafa n Temrikt, unagraw Atanltik deg usammar ar Ugaraw Amelwi deg usamar ar ugafa deg ugaraw Atlantik. D tamurt tameqrant akk tis snat deg umaḍal deffir Rusya.
Akal yettusemman assa Kanada zedghent azal n alef iseggasen ihendiwen. Di tagara n lqern wis 15 bdant ibritaniyen d ifransiyen ttsasen akken ad nadin, syen zeghen deg rrif n unagraw atlanti. Fransa tedja qrib ayen thar deg Fransa tamynut i Britanya deffir ttrad n sebaa iseggasen n 1763.deg 1867, 3 temnadin deg temrikt ugafa tabritanit dduklent akken ad weqment tamurt tafidiralit n 4 temnadin. deg 1867, Nova Scotia d New Brunswick dduklent deg tfidiralit n Kanada.... . Tafidiralit n Kanada s 10 temnadin d 3 akalen ines tesaa aberlman ,ixef n ddula d tagellidt Queen Elizabeth II . d tamurt yesaan snat tutlayin timensabin, taglizit d tefransist.Kanada tettekki deg G8, NATO, akk d Commonwealth of Nations, dFrancophonie, d United Nations.
Di Kanada tella Tiddukla Tadelsant Tamaziɣt di Ottawa-Hull.
Azar n wawal[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Awal kanada yekka-d seg tutlayt tayirukwayt n St. Lawrence kanata, anamek nines "taddart" . deg 1535, imezdagh insaliyen n temdint n Kibik n wassa sqedcen awal agi akken as mlen abrid i Jacques Cartier ar taddart n Stadacona. syen Cartier yughal yesseqdac awal Kanada akken ad yemsslay ghef taddart nni d temnadt nni irkelli n Donnacona (ameqran n taddart n Stadacona); mi nessawed 1545, idlisen d tikardiwin tiurufiyin bdan ttsemayen i temnadt akk Kanada.
seg tazwara n lqern wis 17 d asawen,tamanadt n Fransa tamaynutd yegan rrif n wasif n Saint Lawrence d rrif n timedwa timeqranin negh Geat Lakes semman-as Kanada, tmanadt bdan ibritaniyen ghef sin, Kanada ufella Upper Canada d Kanada n wadda Lower Canada, armi n usdukkel nsen deg temnadt n kanada Province of Canada deg 1841. deffir n weskar n tkunfidiralin n kanada Confederation deg 1867, isem Kanada yettwafren ad yili d isem unsib n tmurt.


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Taddart-iw
Tizi Wezzu: abeddu n teẓrigt 1ut n Tfaska n Twennaḍt d Yedles n Ɛeṛbi (Iflisen)
Tebda, ass n ttlata deg uzebriz n yilemẓiyen n yeɣrem n Ɛeṛbi (deg tɣiwant n Yeflisen, tadayṛa n Tegzirt, Tizi Wezzu), teẓrigt tamezwarut n Tfaska n Twennaḍt d Yedles.
Tiddukla n Jlahem Ecolo-Culture (AJEC) ay tt-yessuddsen s wemyalel d useqqamu n yeɣrem, yernu iswi n tedyant-a d asḥulfu n yiɣermanen ɣef tixxutert n ummesten n twennaḍt, assefrek uṛcid n tursaḍ d weḥraz n yideggen isenzikanen d yimezruyanen deg yeɣrem n Ɛeṛbi, ɣef wakken ay d-tenna tenmazult n uselway n tiddukla-a, Zahia Boughiles, i Tnegga n Yisalan n Ldzayer.
« Nwala dakken la d-yettili waṭas n wetɛeddi ɣef twennaḍt, assefsed, iguda iwernaḍanen ay la d-yettbanen deg yal amkan. Dɣa yebda-d umahil n wesḥulfu d uxebber n wayt yiɣerman akken ad akin i timmaglit n wugur-a d tḍullit n tifin n tifratin d tuɛjilin i tegnit-a », ɣef wakken ay d-twekked.
Dɣa ɣef waya ay ssuddsen yimaslaḍen n tiddukla-a, s wemyalel d useqqamu n yeɣrem, tafaska-a i lmend n twennaḍt d yedles d yiriri n wazal n yideggen imezruyanen n yeɣrem-a d tenḍi tansayant n twilayt n Tizi Wezzu, ɣef wakken ay d-twekked.
Ɣer yidis n tzikknin aydeg ttekkan azal n 10 n yinḍen, imeskaren d yinaẓuren n Tizi Wezzu, ad d-ilin daɣ yisaragen ɣef twennaḍt d tgemmi n temnaḍt-a, d tid ara gent tiddukliwin n twennaḍt d yedles am « Tigzirt Environnement » d « Iguersafen Alma Vert. »
Ad ssuddsen daɣ tirza ɣef yideggen am yitemma (anda ay llan jemmɛen asaɣur), inurar (anda ay llan jemmɛen-d lɣella akken ad tt-srewten), amkan umi ttinin Tazanet, anda ay llan ttemsegrawen wayt yeɣrem, d Jlahem anda ay llan ttzuṛun-d ssaddat n yeɣrem n Ɛeṛbi, ɣef wakken ay d-yenna umaru amatu n useqqamu n yeɣrem, Cherif Mouhab.


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Aferrun
Aferrun (FR: Marsouin, UK: porpoise)
Yekka-d seg uẓar (FRN).Ur d-nufi ara anamek n yisem-a akked unamek n uẓar-is. Llan kra n yimsulɣeyen i aɣ-d-yennan isem-agi aferrun yekka-d seg yisem Ferɛun (ferrun = ferɛun). Qqaren-as akka acku yewɛer, Yeǧhed yerna yeḥṛec aṭas. Amdan ara t-yewten, neɣ ara t-yjerḥen ad as-yeṭṭef cceḥna; mkul mi ara yeḍgger acebbak-is deg yilel akken ad d-igmer iselman, ad as-t-yefri akk.Aferrun d amsuṭṭaɣ. D netta akk i iḥercen gar yiɣersiwen n umaḍal.Yesɛatafekka d taɣezzfant.Yezmer ad yaweḍ deg teɣzi alamma d sebɛa n yiɣallen(talata n lmitrat d wezgen), ma deg taẓeyt yettaweḍ 150 n kilu. Aqerruy-is iṛuḥd imdewer, ur yesɛi ara aqamum. Yettemcabi aṭas ɣer uddenfil.Ini-s amyiɣiɣden neɣ d aberkan; tikwal iseɛɛu ccwami d ticebḥanin.


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IKKA-TT-NN YIWET TIKKELT G TMAZΓA— April 21, 2016 0 235
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Isares Ilayetmas Ag Wassu iɣef n tuzzalt imesden ɣef uqecmir yad issammeɣ s waman, iddem ar ikkat s yigilem ɣef tuzzalt ibeddan amm uɣanab. Kud treggwel ɣef wudem n uɣulid tessefru awal itturu. Ig iggez, ig yuley amm tweṭṭuft. Iddeɣ imda, ibedd, ayerri-nnes ar isissiy s tidi. Yaru s tfinaɣ : «Agdud n yifesti». Isares Maksen Ag Yufitran, ibeddan deffer-as, afus-nnes ɣef yiɣir n Ilayetmas, inna-as :
– Nra ad neffeɣ ifesti. Ur nri ad nidir g tmeḍlin. Nekwni agdud n wawal, n uktay. Nra ad nili. Mer nri ad nfest neqqim-nn agensu n yiɣrem. Nesseknu iɣfawen awed nekwni ard naccek g yibgez n umezruy.
Imdez Ilayetmas iddeɣ isella i wawal-ddeɣ, inna :
– Tidet!
Isares tagust afella n uqecmir, izdey titi irfan allig ibḍa ɣef sin, inna Ilayetmas ibeddan ar t-iseksiw :
– Ufiɣ amek! Ferru n tmukrist ur aneɣ-ittaǧǧan ad nennuddem kigan n yiyyar aya !
Igra tiɣri, ffɣen-d akw yimezdaɣ n teɣremt idrusen. Llan ɣas s tam. Kuẓ n yiregzen, yat tegẓiwt d kraṭ temɣarin tiwessarin. Isawel, inna :
– Ku awal gedlen nuru-t ɣef yiselli, ad ur sar ittusfeḍ meqqar ɣifes kkan yinegyan, izwuten d yinuẓir.
Zemren ad aneɣ-nɣin, maka iwaliwen ittyarun ad ddren g wul n yiselli ar tigira n umaḍal. Awed yan ur izmir ad ten-isfeḍ.
– Tikti tazedgant, maka drusen yiɣallen ggadin yiwaliwen ilaq ad nuru, ad ggzeɣ ɣer iɣrem ad d-ssnekreɣ wiyeḍ, ayed tenna Tidir Kel Agelmus.
– Siwel i umzil ad am-ik tuzzalin d tgusin. Xiram icenga! as as-irura Ilayetmas.
– Ad dduɣ iḍ-a!
– Ad idem muneɣ ard nn-telkemd akeccum n waqqa, uɣuleɣ-d.
Ass-nnaɣ, nekren, ddmen ar ttnadam iflila idusen, iɣiyen ad asin aggwa n yisekkilen. Zrin yitsen wussan, ddmen tawuri g Waqqa mi ttinin tur-a : Aqqa n Yiwaliwen. Yitsen yiseggwasen hilli aya, drusen medden issnen is illa waqqa-ddeɣ. Tur-a, yaɣul iga azduɣ-nnsen. Ffɣen-d tadderwin-nnsen, flen igran, iɣbula n waman, tifunasin, actal, iserdan. Zrin akw ayenna ɣursen illan, alin ɣer adrar. Ur sar ttun ass amezwaru. Ass n ugelladus. Ittyaru g wulawen-nnsen. Igzem amm uzwar ɣef yiyerriten-nnsen, s wuzzal azeggwaɣ.
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Ass-nnaɣ amxib, inker-d yan ugelladus ur ǧǧin ikki amm netta. Agelladus n yigidu d wakal azeggwaɣ ilan aḍu n tkendawt d yidammen. Ass-nnaɣ ayed isra umnukal n yiɣrem. Yaɣ uneɣmis aqqiwem akw n udrar ammi yaɣ wafa alim. Ggzen-d akw yimesdurar seg iɣerman-nnsen af ad inniyen udem n umnukal tikkelt tameggarut. Timiḍiwin n yimezdaɣ ayed d-iddan seg mayed igan tamazirt. Gen-d ikabaren amm yiweṭfan ɣef yiberdan, amẓen aɣaras ɣer azaɣar. Amnukal Kawsen Ag Yufitran ittyassen g mayed igan tamazirt s tigzi-nnes. Ul-nnes imeqqur. Inegbawen ɣures as da tteddun. Tettyassen taddart-nnes, tifelwin-nnes reẓment aha. Ka iffeɣ, ka ikcem.
Ixater wudem-nnes, ig uɣdim. Iga awed anezzarfu issnen azref aqbur n tmazirt, ar ittekka ger medden s umesku. Kawsen iwessir. Γures ugar n 90 n yiseggwasen. Immut g usgwen-nnes. Igna ur d-inkir. Idda g talwit. Ass-nnaɣ ayed d-gulan. Uress matta ubrid ten-id-islatfen. Gan kraḍ. Lsan timelsa tumlilin irruyen. Tikerziyin ɣef yiɣfawen. G testawin, uglen tikubiwin. Ufan-d imezdaɣ imekday ɣzan timḍelt n umnukal. Tiwetmin ttint i temḍelt g ɣerden amɣar ɣef tesga tayeffast. Ifassen d yiḍaren ketmen. Iga g temḍelt-nnes amm teslemya g udis n mayes. Sarsen g tseggwin-nnes kigan n tɣawsiwin mi ɣalen idd ad ɣifsent ibedd g umaḍal yaḍen. Dlan yimezdaɣ timḍelt s yiflila, qqnen-tt s waluḍ. Kud as ttheyyan timḍelt ttirirent twetmin s unnuɣjef. Beddan yinabagen g tesga, mmatren imezdaɣ n yiɣrem ar ttwaɣen s ungaẓ. Beddan allig ffɣen medden timeḍlin, nmilin ɣer yitsen yirban itturaren, nnan-asen:
– Mayed imes urgaz isran?
– Amnukal n yiɣerman n udrar. Amɣar uɣdim. Fsis ɣifes a akal!
– Tzemrem ad aɣ-temlem ibergemmi-nnes?
Mseksiwen yirban, inna-asen yiwen:
– Ur ɣures ibergemmi! Azduɣ-nnes irwas win akw yimezdaɣ. Taddart-nnes tbedda g uwerz n udrar. Ad nn-tafem acenyal aberrkan ibedda ɣef tduli-nnes.
Ddan. Munen d ubrid ɣer taddart n memmis n umnukal, Maksen. Iddeɣ nn-gulan, ufan-nn-diɣ tiwetmin ilsan iselsa iberrkanen sulent da allant g yimi n taddart. Abanuq-nnsent iṛmey. Udmawen n yimezdaɣ wraɣen. Allen zeggwaɣent s yimeṭṭawen.
Beddan, inmala-d ẓarsen yan urgaz, inna-asen:
– Azul!
– Azul a mass! Nekwni d imeddukkal n Kawsen Ag Yufitran. Kigan n wussan ayed nezzri ɣef yiberdan. Nedda-d ad t-niẓir, ad as-nsiwel nsew seg uɣbalu n tmussni-nnes. Nenurez-as aɣ-yawes ad naf areẓẓum i kigan n tmukrisin-nneɣ, ayed as-inna umezwaru s txendallast.
Isawel wiss sin, inna ammi ur issin aḍu:
– Ngum, mayed ijṛan? Maɣ allig akw iman yiɣrem dat tgemmi n umnukal?
– Amnukal ayed isran, ass-a ayed as-nuder!
– Igellin! Nekwni d-iwtan iberdan af ad ides nemnala! Ig ur tri hat ur tri!
Knan. Sarsen ifadden ɣef wakal, asin urawen ɣer igenna ar sgengimen s kra n tutlayt ur ittyassnen, imiq, sikken ifassen ɣef wudmawen-nnsen, ssudmen iɣfawen n yiḍudan-nnsen, inin : « Amin!»
Beddan, nnan :
– Tur-a, ilaq ad nemnala d umnukal amaynu.
Iddeɣ beddan dat Maksen, memmis n umɣar, ildi-d umezwaru takwemmist n yiɣsan n tiyni seg waqrab-nnes, ibzer-ten ɣef ugertil. Immater-ten, imiq, ismutter-ten.
Ildi-d wiss sin takwemmist n yiɣsan imeẓẓanen, ibzer-ten awed netta ɣef ugertil amm umezwaru. Immater iɣsan, iseksew ɣer udmawen n yimeddukkal-nnes, ismutter-ten. Amnukal iggawer datasen ɣef tekḍift, ur yukiz mayed sskaren ula mayed msen, inna-asen:
– Mayed temsem? Mayed tram?
Isawel umezwaru, inna:
– Sawlen yiɣsan. Tessend mayed nnan? Keyyin ayed igan ameggaru g yimnukal n ugdud-ddeɣ.
Inḍu-d wiss sin, inna:
– Tasuta tameggarut!
Inna wiss kraḍ:
– Agdud-nnek ad ireẓ, ad yaccek g tillas n umezruy!
Ibedda Maksen, inna-asen:
– Ffɣat dati!
Iɣra i yiserdasen iḍufen tigemmi-nnes, inna-asen:
– Ssufeɣat-ten i yiɣrem! Ur riɣ ad inniyeɣ udmawen-nnsen ula sellaɣ i yikerkas-nnsen!
Ttin-asen yiserdasen, ffɣen, inna-as-d yiwen degsen min ad d-iseksew:
– Nsul ad d-nuɣul ! Aẓur-nnek ad izel! Ad yaccek!
Manen idsen yiserdasen ar ufuɣ n yiɣrem, flen-ten. Munen d ubrid. Kud tteddun ttiriren izlan neɣ kra yaḍen. Awed yan issnen mayed da ttinin.
Seg wass-nnaɣ ayed tennegwdem tudert n Maksen d tin yimezdaɣ n yiɣrem. Ur issin mani ɣer ittrara aqerru. Tamettant n babas tessergagi akal ɣef itteddu, terwi awed tudert n yimezdaɣ t-innemyaren. Ur issin is iɣiy ad yili tawuri irwasen tin babas. Ur issin is izmer ad ismun imezdaɣ ddaw tenbaṭ-nnes, isellin i yiwaliwen-nnes. Innuɣjef, iqqim g taddart-nnes. Ur yad da itteffeɣ, ula immegraw d wudmawen n tmazirt-nnes. Ku ammas n yiḍ, iduy-d yiselli i wawal n yibeṛṛaniyen as-innan: « Aẓur-nnek ad yaccek … ad yaccek! »
Izri yad yimalas ɣef tmettant n umnukal iddeɣ d-isman Maksen udmawen akw n tmazirt d yimɣaren n yiɣerman yaḍen. Inna-asen:
– Imalas d-iddan, ad nefren amnukal amaynu. Ad imun ugraw n wudmawen d yimɣaren akw n tmazirt. Ku yan issiweḍ-nn aneɣmis i yimezdaɣ n tmazirt-nnes.
Nekren yimɣaren min awal. Nnuɣejfen iddeɣ sellan aneɣmis. Maksen ittyassen s teɣdemt d tigzi-nnes. Ur illi umnukal amm netta. Maka ur iri ad ikkusu bab-nnes. Ira ad ikrez igran, ikes ulli, issker ayenna akw sskaren yimezdaɣ. Ira ad ig amm nitni, yiwen degsen. Yiwen ammas-nnsen. Ur iri ad ig amnukal, daccen, ilaq ad iggann mek ira ad ig amɣar n tewsitin n Kel Awraɣ. Ku mraw n yiseggwasen da ttasin amɣar g yiwet g ssat n tewsitin. Mek ira Maksen ad ig akeswat n tmazirt, ilaq ad iggann kigan n yiseggwasen. Aya, ur t-iri.
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Sbeddant teswitin n Kel Awraɣ amɣar amaynu. Tezdey tudert, maka tmessus. Amɣar ur ɣures afud, imessus, iṛmi. Ur izmir ad yini « uhu » i awed yan. Ar meggren medden imendi iddeɣ d-igula yan urgaz awessar iɣrem. Ilsa timelsa tumlilin. Aqerru-nnes imellul s yibenẓaren. Areksen-nnes bbin s twada. Kud itteddu ileddey deffiras yan uɣyul amedhuc tečča tfidi, ssentutren-t yizan. Igula-d, iwates taddart akw taxatart g yiɣrem, tenna g izdeɣ umɣar amaynu. Igula-d imi-nnes, iknu allig issadem akal. Skecmen-t yimezdaɣ ɣer agensu. Ičča isew min ad yini awed yan wawal. G yiɣrem, inejda akw d-igulan, zemren ad ddun ɣer taddart n umnukal. G tesga-nnes tayeffast, illa udɣar g ɣiyen ad ččen sun sgunfun. Anabag d-igulan netta ira ad imnala d umɣar amaynu. Nnas-as yimḍifen:
– Ad yili asekka tifawt. Tezmerd ad tensed da.
Asekka tinniyed-t.
– Waxxa !
Asekka-nnes, ikcem s ɣur umɣar. Ibedda unabag datas, inna-as s txendallast:
– Gulaɣ-d assnaṭ tamazirt-nnun. Kigan n yiseggwasen aya ttedduɣ ɣef yiberdan. Tur-a, riɣ asgunfu. Riɣ ad mmteɣ g talwit.
– Tudert tazegrart ayed ak-nessarem a mass! Mayed trid?
– Riɣ hill ad iniɣ yan wawal!
– Ayed t-igan?
– Tamazirt-nnun tzeddig, tẓil. Medden-nnes ṛwan. Riɣ, mek tɣiyed, ad i-tfeld ad zedɣeɣ da. Adɣar amm wa ag riɣ ad mmteɣ!
– Llant tadderwin yuran g yiɣrem. Ad ak-nefk taddart tzedɣed graneɣ. Anṣuf-issek!
– Tessemdez-i tekti-nnek a mass, maka, nek ur riɣ taddart. Nek d abudrar. Da i-sseqnaḍent tadderwin. Riɣ ɣas imiq n wakal. Anect n thiturt-inu hill. Nettat ayed ɣuri. Nettat a ɣef da ttẓallaɣ. Nettat ayed igan azduɣ-inu.
– Sers tahiturt-nnek g udɣar trid!
– Riɣ inurir!
– Ameẓ adɣar g yinurir tsersed degs tahiturt-nnek! Ur illi uɣilif!
Ikcem usurdu yiwen g yinesɣuma n umnukal, inna-as:
– Inurir tkaren s yimendi d walim. Imezdaɣ da serwaten. Taflest teffeɣ medden. Argaz-a, ur t-nessin. Ur nessin awed isem-nnes. Ur nessin tamazirt-nnes. Ur nessin mayed ira. Awed yan issnen mayed iffer g wul-nnes.
Isawel uwessar, inna:
– Hilal! Isem-inu Sidna Hilal Lḥijazi Lqeḥtani. Abuhaliy ayed giɣ. Da rezzuɣ ɣef tmussni g mayed igan tamazirt!
Inna umnukal:
– Argaz iwessir. Ira asgunfu. Ur izmir ad yasi takuba. Ur nezmir ad nrar tuttra-nnes!
Iffeɣ unabag seg taddart n umnukal, ildey aɣyul-nnes ɣer inurir, azmummeg axendallas ɣef wancucen. Isares uwessar tahiturt-nnes g yinurir allig iẓẓulla. Ig ibedda, ig iktem, ig iɣref iɣef-nnes i wakal. Ttin-as yirban ar degs ṭṭeḍṣan. Iɣwejdem, immater irban d yimezdaɣ iserwaten irden, ar imerrey ifassen.
Γas ḍrant tillas, ildi-d uwessar tuzlin seg waqwrab-nnes, iddem ar ittebbey ahitur axatar ɣef ittgiwir ku ass. Ubuy-nnes inem. Ifilan-nnes sdiden, lqaqen ammi ira ad ẓarsen ignu aqidur. Ku ifilu ibbey ikres-t d ifilu yaḍen, izditen. Ar isskar tizikert. Telɣu telɣu allig akw ibbey ahitur.
Tifawt, ufan-t-id yimezdaɣ issatey agatu issker s yifilan n uhitur-nnes i yinurir, i yigran illan dat taddart n umnukal. Awed ibergemmi n umnukkal ittey-as ugatu. Ufan-t-id ibedda, aceddad azegzaw ittel i yiɣef, takuba tebbeẓ g wakal datas. Iga ɣef yimenɣi. Nnan-as:
– Matta uya?
– Ayla-nu!
Ṭṣan yimezdaɣ, nnan-as:
– Mayed ak-t-ifkan?
– Amnukal-nnun!
Iffeɣ-d umnukal seg taddart-nnes, inna i uwessar:
– Is tennefled? Akal-ddeɣ ur igi winnek. Assnaṭ ayed d-tgulad tirid ad aɣ-tawid tamazirt!
– Ur ukireɣ! key ayed i-ifkan adɣar g yinurir g zemreɣ ad serseɣ ahitur. Ahitur-inu imeqqur. Yuwey akw anect-a! Daccen iɣrem-nnek winu ayed iga. Tefkid-i-t awed netta.
Ṭṣan yimezdaɣ. Amnukal netta yuki d tkendawt n uwessar. Iggwed ɣef yimal n tmazirt. Awessar isers afus ɣef ulammas n tenbaṭ d ɣef yinurir itkaren s yirden n yimezdaɣ. Min irden, ur izmir yiɣrem ad yidir. Ad yaccek. Ad ineɣ laẓ imezdaɣ.
– I yirden-nneɣ!? Tesɣwayyed yat temɣart.
– Winu, llan ɣef wakal-inu!/p>
– Dɣik, nekwni, ɣas isemxan-nnek ayed nga. Nekwni nekrez, nesswa, nxub, nemger, nesrut, key tgulad-d assnaṭ, ur tlid ɣas tahiturt, ukwan tawid-aɣ azgen g yiɣrem d yinurir, iwa tenfel aya!
– Awal d awal!
Iseksew uwessar axendallas ɣer amnukal, inna-as:
– Ku yan yameẓ g wawal-nnes. Nek umẓeɣ g winu. Γiyeɣ ad ɣifes mmteɣ!
Tduy yat tmeṭṭuṭ, tenna, allen-nnes ḍufent abrid:
– Matta wi?
Tmel i yimezdaɣ akabar n yiregzen d-izdin tawada ɣer inurir, deffirasen yat tkabart yaḍen n yiregzen ɣef yiysan iberrkanen.
– Imakren ! Isɣway umnukal.
Isawel yiwen g yimnayen d-iggzen seg uyyis-nnes, inna i uwessar:
– Tikkelt-a, druɣ ayed akw tuwid iɣrem!
Ildi-d takuba yugel g testawt-nnes, inna i yimezdaɣ:
– Ku yan ikcem ɣer taddart-nnes. Wenna d-inmalan irden-nneɣ ad ittuneɣ!
Inmala-d umnukal, inna-as:
– Matta twuri-ddeɣ tamessast!? Tram ad aneɣ-tawim tamazirt? Tameggarut aya!
Inmala ɣer aterras yumẓen takuba, inna-as:
– Uɣulat ɣer tmizar-nnun!
Ur as-isawel uterras. Yusi takuba ɣer igenna, ibbey-as agerḍ s yiwet titi. Iḍra uqerru n umnukal ɣef wakal, iwlellu ddaw yiḍaren n yimezdaɣ iduyen.
Tger yat tmeṭṭuṭ taɣuyyit, tenna:
– Tenɣid amnukal!
– Yiwen umnukal ayed illan, isem-nnes «Allah». Yiwen umazan ayed ɣures, isem-nnes : « Muḥemmad.» Winna yumnen s « Allah » d umazan-nnes ad nejmen. Wenna ur irin ad issen yamen ad iwlellu yiɣef-nnes ɣef tmurt. Aya ayed igan tabrat-nneɣ. Sidna Hilal, tur-a, ayed igan amɣar n tmazirt-ddeɣ. Ku yan ikcem ɣer taddart-nnes.
Isawel-d yiwen yaḍen, aberrkan n wudem, inna:
– Iregzen ad qqimen. Ilaq ad sruten smuttren irden. Ilaq awed ad lemden taẓallit. Ad ten-nessufeɣ seg tillas g ddren, nmel-asen abrid ɣer imeglel d tudert izeddigen ddaw ucenyal n yislam. Tiwetmin ad kecment ɣer tadderwin, ad ur tteffɣent. Ad dlent iɣfawen-nnsent
Ldin tafekka n umnukal aglen-tt g yan useklu. Idammen-nnes ar smiqqin amm uzger ittuɣersen. Nnan-asen : « Wenna iffɣen abrid ad t-nezzwu. Amnukal ad ig amedya! ».
Yuweḍ wammas n wass, isellin yimezdaɣ i yan g yibeṛṛaniyen ar ittirir nnig tgemmi n tenbaṭ s kra n tutlayt ur ssinen. Mnalan akw, gen yiwen tama n yiwen ammi beddan g uḥidus, ddmen ar ttinin kra, ar kennun, ar ɣerrfen iɣfawen-nnsen i tmurt amm yinfalen. Imkinnaɣ kigan n tikkal. Ur izriy wass-nnaɣ allig gran iɣrem ddaw ufus-nnsen. Gulan-d yineɣmisen imezdaɣ. Kigan n yiɣerman ayed ittyamẓen ɣas s txendallast. Imezdaɣ n yitsen yiɣerman nnaɣen kigan n wussan allig rẓan.
Zrin yitsen wussan, tbeddel tudert g yiɣrem. Tuccka taṭṣa isru uzmummeg. Tiwetmin ur da tteffɣent. Tenna yurmen ad teffeɣ ur tedli iɣef-nnes da as-ttebbin azzar, neɣ tt-utan s waccad ammas n yiɣrem ard teg tazeggwaɣt s yidammen. Yitsent, gran-tent g tuna ɣzan g yinurir, raren ɣifsent akal allig ur d-iqqimi ɣas iɣfawen, ar tent-kkatent s tekwnennay allig mmutent g ungaẓ. Aɣulen yiɣfawen-nnsent amm kra n ugummu ixemjen. Idwel yiɣrem amm kra n ukurmu ameqwran g akw ttyamẓen yimezdaɣ. Wenna isawlen igganzer.
Ur ssinen yimezdaɣ matta tunant taberrkant iwtan iɣrem-nnsen seg mayed immut umnukal. Awed Maksen, ur ssinen mayed t-yaɣen. Is ittyameẓ neɣ ittunɣa. Kigan n yimezdaɣ ayed iɣalen is ittunɣa ar yan wass. Igula-d yan ukabar n yiregzen iɣrem ar seqsan medden ɣef Maksen d yidɣaren ittekka, akzen is ur ittyameẓ. Maksen iɣewweɣ ayed nnan i medden. Issker yat tkabart, ar ittebbey iberdan ɣef yinekcamen. Kigan degsen ayed inɣa. Maksen irwas iman n tmazirt. Mek t-umẓen, neɣ t-nɣan, ad yaccek usirem g wulawen-nnsen. Iweḍ n yinekcamen ɣer tmazirt yufa-d Maksen iwer-inn i yiɣrem. Yamu yiba-nnes g mayed irẓanafud i yimezdaɣ. Netta, ɣas netta ayed iɣiyen ad ten-ismun acku awal-nnes ila azal. Netta ayed ran ad ig amnukal.
Kigan n yineɣmisen ayed d-yuwḍen imezdaɣ. Kigan n tegẓiwin, n tmetrag ayed uwin yinekcamen ɣer tmazirt-nnsen. Ar tent-zzenzan g ugdez n tsemxin. Ur da ttawin ɣas tigẓiwin iẓilen. Yitsent tikkal, da awed ttawin imetrag d yicirran imeẓẓanen. Sellan i uneɣmis, nekrent tmetrag n yiɣrem ar tteggent tigezzayin ɣef wudmawen-nnsent. Ggwdent ad ttyawint. Sellan is ur da ttawin ɣas timetrag mi izeddig wudem, id tar tigezzayin.
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Zrin kigan n yiseggwasen ɣef yimezdaɣ. Ur ǧǧin ɣifsen kkin amm nitni. Ittugdel-asen awed wawal. Yan wass, nnan yineckamen i yimezdaɣ:
– Ku imalas, ad nekkes kra n yiwaliwen seg tutlayt-nnun. Ad nger wiyeḍ g wansa-nnsen. Ur d-usin. Da aneɣ-segrurusen imeẓɣan. Ilaq ad nezzdig tutlayt-nnun. Ad tuɣul amm waman n teɣbalut. Zwaren s kigan n yiwaliwen ttinin yimezdaɣ ku ass amm: azul, timensiwin, tanemmirt, tifawin, tilelli, tameṭṭut, tayri, tilelli, idles, aẓawan, tanbaṭ … ku imalas, kksen tazdemt tameẓẓant n yiwaliwen. Gedlen i medden ad ten-beddren. Wenna mi sellan inna-ten, nɣen-t. Gedlen awed ismawen n ayt tmazirt. Irban d terbatin d ilulan seg wass-nnaɣ ɣursen akw ismawen ibeṛṛaniyen. Semxuzzan iɣrem. Ammi tekksed agdud tgerd wayeḍ g udɣar-nnes. Maka wenna d-illwan ikka ddaw.
Tennegza tudert n yimezdaɣ. Tiwetmin ur zmirent ad ffɣent. Ur ɣiyent ad irirent. Ur zḍarent ad ajint aḥidus ula sawlent i yiregzen. Yan wass, tenker-d tezmert-nnsent. Ukint is ilaq ad ilint tawuri-nnsent. Is ilaq ad nnaɣent. Tamettant n yat twessart ayed ibeddlen tudert-nnsent, ayed degs issaɣen timessi. Iddeɣ temmut Tin Ifsan, irin-t twetmin ad tt-ssirdent, ukint d tawda iddeɣ as-kksent iselsa. Tamektit n yiɣrem ayed ittyarun ɣef tfekka-nnes. Tercem akw iwaliwen gedlen yinekcamen ɣef tfekka-nnes. Seg yiḍaren ar agerḍ. Llan yiwaliwen g mayed igan adɣar. Γef yifassen, ɣef tadawt, ɣef taɣma. Tafekka-nnes taɣul amm kra n udlis g ttyarun awed izlan d yinẓan n yiɣrem. Tafekka-tamektit. Ukzent twetmin is ur tezmir awed yat degsent ad akw tegzem iwaliwen-ddeɣ ɣef tfekka-nnes ɣas nettat. Γures timeddukkal. Daccen ur ta temmut, nettat s yiɣef-nnes ayed istin ismawen n tegẓiwin tt-issiriden. Usint-d iɣanaben d tafriwin allig akw arunt iwaliwen igezmen ɣef tfekka n twessart. Behḍent. Ulsent tirra i yiwaliwen kigan n tikkal. Bḍant iwaliwen, mmefkant awal. Ku yat ad tegzem amur-nnes ɣef tfekka-nnes. Ssardent tawessart, ssadment-as aqerru, ttlent-tt g uɣudwu-nnes. Γrant i yiregzen, asin-tt ɣer isemḍel. Ur ssinen yimezdaɣ is udren, ass-nnaɣ, i yan imiq seg yiman-nnsen asen-yuker ucengu. Asekka-nnes, ur ta tneqqir tafuyt ayed teffeɣ Tlayetmas iɣrem. Sulent tillas dlant akal. Tettel tafriwin g ttyarun yiwaliwen n twessart i taɣma-nnes, tenker ɣer adrar. Tumeẓ abrid ar teswingim g temɣart izzrin iseggwasen n uɣilif af ad tḍuf tamektit d yidles n ugdud-nnes ittleqqafen iman. Iddeɣ nn-telkem Tawrirt n Uẓru Zeggwaɣen, tannay imeddukkal-nnes ar tt-tgannan. Tesselkem-asen tafriwin, tezdem-d tuɣul-d ɣer iɣrem.
G taddart, tenna i twetmin yaḍen:
– Tur-a, nekkwenti ayed igan iman n uɣref-ddeɣ. Ḍufemt iman-nnkwent! Ku yat tusi ɣef ubeṭṭan-nnes tamektit-nneɣ akw. Nekwenti ayed igan timḍifin-nnes. Ilaq awed ad nerzu ɣef twetmin yaḍen. Iwaliwen ittugdalen, ku ass ggadin. Ilaq ad neswingem g kra n ubrid yaḍen … Tanekra! Ilaq ad nekren yimezdaɣ, ad griwlen mgal n ucengu aneɣ-igedlen awed awal.
– Amek? Iregzen knan. Iɣfawen-nnsen tečča-ten twekka d tẓallit n ku ass. Waqila ur sar nkiren. Maksen d tkabart-nnes drusen, aggugen, ur ɣiyen ad d-nmilin iɣrem, as as-trura Hennu Ult Tamzilt.
– Nezmer nekwenti ad nesḍer tanbaṭ n yinekcamen.
– Da nezzdig tamezgida ku kraḍ wayyuren. Tikkelt d-iddan, nezzdig iɣrem seg yinekcamen.
– Ssefru!
– Ad asen-nessiɣ afa. Ad ten-negli agensu n tmezgida amm yiɣerdayen, nger-asen afa.
– Sselkem tikti i Maksen. Ini-as ad d-issenker imeddukkal-nnes akw g yiɣerman yaḍen.
– Tamezgida ad tirid imalas d-iddan. Ilaq ad nerfu!
– Asekka, ad nn-ilkem uneɣmis. Ass n sem d-iddan, ad neslelli akal-nneɣ neɣ nekkefruri.
Mseksiwent, nekrent.
-5-
Igula-nn uneɣmis Maksen d yimeddukkal-nnes issenfin g yiɣiz, nekren. Ku yan degsen yameẓ yat tnila ad d-inada imrigen, issenker-d imezdaɣ. Igula-d wass n sem, nekrent twetmin. Ku yat tles afaggu-nnes, ffɣent-d seg taddart n Tlayetmas g mmegrawent. Usint anasen d tseṭwin, nekrent ɣer tmezgida. G ubrid, ufant-d kigan n twetmin yaḍen. Drusent tinna issnen mayed illan g yiɣfawen-nnsent. Reẓment tamezgida ddment ar tt-zzdigent. Ur d-igula wammas n wass allig kemmlent. Iddeɣ ffɣent uɣulent ɣer tgwemma-nnsent. Kecmen yimeẓẓilla ɣer adɣar, ffɣent-d diɣ allig ɣifsen reglent tifelwin iddeɣ ddmen taẓallit. Agensu n tmezgida, mnalan akw wudmawen n yinekcamen. Sarsent tazedmin n yisɣaren dat ku tiflut, ssiɣent-asen afa. Inker waggu ɣer igenna. Yannay Maksen aggu, iggez-d seg udrar, izwur-d i tkabart-nnes. Inker uɣuyyi agensu n tmezgida nn-ilkem wafa. Tečča tmessi igertal, tečč winna ɣifsen igan taẓallit. Awed yan d-iffɣen ass-nnaɣ seg tmezgida ičča wafa. Gan akw iɣed. Kigan n yiregzen, imezdaɣ n yiɣrem ayed inejmen acku ur ddin ad ẓẓallen ass-nnaɣ. Nnant-asen twetmin-nnsen ad qqimen g tadderwin.
Mnalan akw yimezdaɣ n yiɣrem dat tmezgida ikemḍen. Inna Maksen :
– Ass-a win tlelli. Ku yan ad yawi ayla-nnes. Wenna mi uwin yinekcamen kra n wakal neɣ kra n tgemmi yaɣul-as-d ass-a.
Mneqqrent teɣwratin g yigenna. Medzen yimezdaɣ, ur ta ukizen mayed ijran. Tiwetmin kksent ifugga-nnsent d tmelsa irruyen lsant, ssufɣent-d ifassen-nnsent g recment iwaliwen akw gedlen yicenga. Udmawen-nnsent gan akw tigezzayin. Ur izriy yimalas allig sbeddan yimezdaɣ amnukal amaynu. Stin Tlayetmas. Tamɣart tamnukalt.
Zrin yitsen yiyyar, gulun-d kraḍ yiregzen ittlen g tmelsa tumlilin iɣrem. Nnan i yimezdaɣ iserwaten imendi: Nra ad niẓir amnukal. Nuwi-d asɣan amaynu. Abrid n tazedgi! Ur asen-isawel awed yan. Nekren ẓarsen yirban imeẓẓanen, ar ten-kkaten s tekwnennay. Aɣulen tiɣwerdin-nnsen, ar ttinin kra s wawal-nnsen. Kra n yiwaliwen irwasen asdiddey.
Yaru-t: Aksel AZERGI


text:
Kosovo
Kosovo d akal ay d-yezgan deg wenẓul (sud) n Serbya. Ugar n 88% seg yimezdaṣen n Kosovo d Albaniyen inselmen, ma d 7% seg-sen d Iserben.
Amezruy d Tlallit n Kosovo[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg 1999, nnuɣen ed Yiserben akken ad awin timunnent-nsen (indépendance), d aya ay yejjan iɣallen n Temsisit Taṭlasit (Alliance Atlantique) akked Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen ad d-gren iman-nsen. Deg 2008, anabaḍ (lḥukuma) n Kosovo tesseɣret-d (déclarer) timunnent, maca aṭas n tmura deg umaḍal ur steɛṛfent yes-s yerna Serbya mazal-itt tettwali-t d aḥric seg wakal-nnes yellan ddaw udabu n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen. Tajumma-nnes 10.908 km2 (yikilumitren imkuẓen). Zedɣen-t 1.804.838 n yimezdaɣen. Tamaneɣt-nnes d Pristina.
Tasertit[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Aselway: Atifete Jahjaga (2011).
Aneɣlaf Amezwaru: Isa Mustafa (2014).
- ↑ Euro yettwaddem susgawyan : Kosovo ur yella ara deg asun euro dɣa ur i agel ara ɣer Tabanka talemmast Tuṛufit.


text:
CMS
CMS (Content Management Sytem) d yiwen wahil s wayen yiwen yezmer ad yesnulfu yiwen usmel Internet. S wahil-a, yezmer yiwen ad yedbel asmel-is war ilɣi (yettusemma yeshel).
Ɣef umedya, aqeddac n usmel, ma yebɣa ad yernu yiwen umagrad ad yeqqen deg wagrudem n tedbelt (s yisem-is d wawal uɛeddi), ad yaru amagrad-nni, ad t-iẓer, dɣa ma yehwa-as ad t-yekles. Imiren zemren akk medden ad ẓren amagrad-a deg Internet. S CMS nezmer ad nernu taggayin anda ar ad yilin yimagraden, yal yiwen deg teggayt ines. Daɣen, imagraden zemren ad sɛun tugniwin (tikwal tugna tif inaw ɣezzifen) neɣ iseɣwan (ɣef yimagraden neɣ ismal ay icudden).
Gar CMS, yella Joomla, Spip neɣ Wordpress ɣef umedya.


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Timura n Wadda
Tagelda n Tmura n Wadda neɣ Timura n Wadda (Tannerlandit : Koninkrijk der Nederlanden , Nederlands) d yiwet n tmurt i-d yezgan di Turuft af yiri n Yilel n Ugafa. Deg 2013, zedɣen-tt azal n 16,828,996 imezdaɣen. Tamaneɣt-is d Amsterdam (tin yugaren tiyaḍ akkw deg Tmura n Wadda), maca useqqamu n udabu ed Tegrawt taɣelnawt llan di temdint n Den Haag.
Tarakalt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Llan iɣrman imqqranen nniḍen deg-s: Rotterdam, Den Haag (asusru : Den Hax), Utrecht (yettsuser am Utrixt), d Eindhoven (yettsuser am Ayndhufn).
Timnaḍin n Tmura n Wadda[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Timura n Wadda llant ɣur-es 12 n tmnaḍin (s Tannerlandit: Provincies) :
- Groningen
- Drenthe
- Friesland
- Gelderland
- Overijssel
- Utrecht
- Hulland n Ugafa (Noord-Holland)
- Hulland n Wenẓul (Zuid-Holland)
- Zeeland
- Brabant n Ugafa (Noord-Brabant)
- Limburg
- Flevoland


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Distance
distance calculator for the cities begins with taw in ma.
Tawrirt-n-Ait 'Issa, Tawaciyt, Tawahit, Tawajout, Tawaliyn, Tawalwine, Tawaqast, Tawarda, Tawardiwine, Tawarghist, Tawarsqut, Tawart, Tawart, Tawdacht, Tawdacht, Tawdanous, Tawdant, Tawergh, Tawililt, Tawit, Tawjgalt, Tawjja-n-Oukkaddar, Tawjja-n-Toukkouy, Tawjja-n-Wajgniwn, Tawjjat, Tawjjat, Tawkart, Tawlawalt, Tawli, Tawli, Tawlouct, Tawlzit, Tawmliylt, Tawnrast, Tawqarrit, Tawra, Tawra, Tawraght, Tawrart, Tawrawt, Tawrda, Tawrda, Tawrda, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt, Tawrirt Al Had, Tawrirt Imoucha, Tawrirt Izammer, Tawrirt Mqourn, Tawrirt-n-Ait Hammou, Tawrirt-n-Ait Lahsene, Tawrirt-n-Ait Malloul, Tawrirt-n-Ait Masriy, Tawrirt-n-Ait Wadif, Tawrirt-n-Bounihi, Tawrirt-n-Fachcha, Tawrirt-n-Idrani, Tawrirt-n-Iguidi, Tawrirt-n-Iguidou, Tawrirt-n-Ikt, Tawrirt-n-Lamgartine, Tawrirt-n-Ouberka, Tawrirt-n-Ouchbarou, Tawrirt-n-Oumendar, Tawrirt-n-Taghdou, Tawrirt-n-Tazadine, Tawrirt-n-Tigbarghart, Tawrirt-n-Wadou, Tawrirt-n-Waraz, Tawrirt-n-Waynane, Tawrirt Ou Anis, Tawrirt Ou Lhiyane, Tawrirt Ouzrou, Tawrirt Wazal, Tawrit-n-Tikiwt, Tawriyrt Asghirkiys, Tawriyrt Iyfchlaln, Tawriyrt Iymgharn, Tawriyrt Iyyirgh, Tawriyrt Mirgane, Tawriyrt-n-Boumous, Tawriyrt-n-Brour, Tawriyrt-n-Tidaf, Tawriyrt Ou Wanou, Tawriyrt Tabarchant, Tawriyrt Wazlghiwn, Taws, Taws, Tawssert, Tawyalt, Tawzant, Tawzi, Tawzout,
ADS


text:
Iseɣwan-nniḍen
Ticraḍ yessefk ad tissineḍ
Tarbaɛt tesbadu ddeqs n "tecraḍ-ifecka" i usnerni n tɣara akked tilhin n tefyar.
- @change: tafyirt tesra abeddel.
- @check: tafyirt tesra asenqed.
- @needs native check: tafyirt yessefk ad tt-isenqed win yesɛan tutlayt-a d tin n tyemmat.
- OK: tafyirt tettwaḥseb d tameɣtut sɣur xarṣum yiwen n umdan.
Amek ara d-muddeḍ afus
- Yessefk ad tiliḍ d d iwizi amussnaw ; neɣ ma ulac ur tettizmired ara ad tcerḍeḍ tifyar.
- Ma tufid tafyirt s tuccḍa neɣ ayen ur nelhi ara, rnu tacreḍt @change sakin sumer s uwennit yiwen n useɣti neɣ tulsa n tira n tefyirt.
- Ma twalad tuccḍa ibanen, rnu tacreḍt @check sakin segzi-d s uwennit tuccḍa i twalaḍ neɣ i tɣileḍ.
- Ma terniḍ tafyirt s tutlayt tabeṛṛanit daɣen ur telliḍ ara di ttbut d akken d tameɣtut, rnu tacreḍt @needs native check.
- Ma tzemreḍ, snirem tifyar yewwin ticraḍ @change, @check, akked @needs native check akken ad tmeslayeḍ fell-asent d yiɛeggalen-nniḍen ɣef wayen ilaqen ad yettwag..
- Ticki tafyirt yesɛan ugur tettwasesfer, senṭeḍ-as tacreḍt OK. S umata, tzemreḍ ad tesnirmeḍ daɣen ad tesneqdeḍ tifyar n wiyaḍ akken ad sent-ternuḍ tacreḍt OK. Maca, eg-it kan ticki telliḍ di ttbut d akken d timeɣta, daɣen ur seqdac ara tacreḍt-agi ɣef tifyar-ik.


text:
Taqbaylit
Taqbaylit, d tutlayt i ttmeslayen Iqbayliyen. Taqbaylit tettikki deg tutlayin timaziɣin. Ma ɣas tutlayt tamaziɣt, zik, tettwaru s isekkilen n tifinaɣ akken tettwaru tmaceɣt ar wass-a, tamaziɣt n tmurt n Leqbayel neɣ taqbaylit tettwaru nettat s isekkilen ilatiniyen.
Adlis amenzu i d-yeffɣen s teqbaylit d win yura Adolphe Hanoteau ɣef tuɣac n Ǧerğer (1867); deffir-es d Auguste Mouliéras i yuran sin yidlisen af tmucuha n Tmurt n leqbayel (1891, 1893-95), ak d Bulifa i yuran taktabt ɣef isefra n Si Muḥend (1904). Imir-en, uran Ifransiwen kra n yedlisen ɣef tmucuha d isefra n Iqbayliyen. Ungal amenzu ittwarun s teqbaylit d win yura Belɛid At Ɛli deg iseggasen 1940. Adlis i s-yefkan ilugan iressan n tjerrumt i teqbaylit d win yura Dda Mulud Mɛemmri. Kamal U Zerrad netta yerna-d ɣef umahil n Dda Lmulud i wakken ad iressi ugar ilugan n tjerrumt n tutlayt-ayi. Iseggasen-a ineggura ffɣen-d azal n 400 idlisen s tmaziɣt, gar ammuden n isefra, tullisin akk d ungalen.
Taqbaylit ass mi i d-kecmen ifransiwen ar tmura n tefriqt ugafa tella tettwameslay deg yiwet n temnaṭ meqqren azal n snat n tikkwal tamnaṭ n leqbayel n wass-a. Seg tudrin i d-yezzin i Mila, terreḍ ar tid n idurar n Lḥuḍna, izuɣar n Ṣṭif, idurar n Jijel, Msila, tuɣaleḍ-d ar tmurt n leqbayel n wass-a, At Wartilan, At Yaɛla, akk d iderma n temnaṭ n Bgayet, n Tubiret akk d wid n Tizi Wezzu d Bumerdas.
Imir ifransiwen tekkan ɣef lquyyad akk d Bacaɣat akken ad qehren agdud. Kksen akal i wid yellan zedɣen anda yella wakal yelhan i tyerza, kra snegren-t, kra snejlan-t. Fkan akal nni i Lquyyad. Lquyyad-agi akk d Bacaɣat d wid yeɣran taɛrabt, ifransiwen llan lemmden taɛrabt akken ad ttemyarun d lquyyad-a, imezdaɣ yeqqimen d aklan deg tmurt nsen yeqqim-asen-d kan ad ḍefren almi i d-ufan iman nsen ttun tutlayt nsen, akken i sen-iruh wakal nsen, ǧǧan iman nsen tuɣ fell-asen taɛrabt am akken werǧin mmeslayen taqbaylit. Ihi akka i teqqurmeḍ tjumma anda tettwameslay teqbaylit ass-a.
I izemren a tt-iḥadden ɣef wengar d tira akk d tayri d wazal ad as-fken warraw-is. Ma tenger teqbaylit ad negren iqbayliyen, a d-qqimen imdanen war idles, a sen-teḍru am tebrikt yettun tikli n tyaziṭ, tin n tsekkurt ur as-tewwiḍ ara. Ttbut ɣef aya, ad iɣer kan yiwen amek d-gran wid akken yettun tutlayt nsen uɣen tutlayt nniḍen anda yewweḍ wazal nsen. Win i d-yusan a ten-yenher am ulli.
Agemmay n tmaziɣt (alatini)[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
NB: Zik nesseqdac "ṛ", "ț", "ʐ", maca mači tura (Kamal naït zerrad, tajerrumt tatrart n teqbaylit).
Tamselyut[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Adelsumuɣ[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Si Amar ou Saïd Boulifa, Recueil de poésies kabyles. Texte zouaoua traduit, annoté et précédé d'une étude sur la femme kabyle et d'une notice sur le chant kabyle (airs de musique), Alger, 1904, 555 is. (taẓrigt tis 2 Alger-Paris, 1990, ISBN 2-906659-00-04)
- Adolphe Hanoteau, Poésies Populaires de la Kabylie du Jurjura, Paris, Imp. impériale, 1867 (aḍris s pdf)
- Auguste Mouliéras, Les Fourberies de Si Djeh'a, Wehran, Perrier, 1891
- Auguste Mouliéras, Légendes et contes merveilleux de la Grande Kabylie, Paris 1893-1895 (aḍris s pdf)


text:
Kamal Daoud a une dent contre les Kabyles, Chawis etc. Son article ci-dessous le prouve. Depuis le « Match » du 18 novembre dernier entre l’Algérie et Le Caire...
Archive - décembre 2009
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1884 1887 Abane Ramdane Albert Camus Alger au XVIIIe siècle Alger Républicain Algérie Algérie française ANAVAD Ben Badis Bordj-Menaïel chrétiens colonisation colonisation française Coran Dellys Djafar Khenane Démocratie Ernest Fallot Ferhat Mehenni Fort National Guy de Maupassant Hocine Benhamza Indépendance de la Kabylie Insurrection en Kabylie insurrection Kabylie 1871 Islam Islam de France Jean-Michel de Venture de Paradis Joseph Dugas juifs Kabyles Kabylie Kabylie indépendante Kabylie libre Karim Akouche La Kabylie et le peuple kabyle Mahomet MAK MAK-Anavad Mouloud Mammeri musulmans Paul Ricoeur société Tizi Ouzou
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1884 1887 Abane Ramdane Albert Camus Alger au XVIIIe siècle Alger Républicain Algérie Algérie française ANAVAD Ben Badis Bordj-Menaïel chrétiens colonisation colonisation française Coran Dellys Djafar Khenane Démocratie Ernest Fallot Ferhat Mehenni Fort National Guy de Maupassant Hocine Benhamza Indépendance de la Kabylie Insurrection en Kabylie insurrection Kabylie 1871 Islam Islam de France Jean-Michel de Venture de Paradis Joseph Dugas juifs Kabyles Kabylie Kabylie indépendante Kabylie libre Karim Akouche La Kabylie et le peuple kabyle Mahomet MAK MAK-Anavad Mouloud Mammeri musulmans Paul Ricoeur société Tizi Ouzou


text:
S isenjaqen niɣ s izamulen n weẓṛef yetɣima umenɣas acawi ajemmaḍ n umennuɣ beṛṛa n umezru u deg leɛṛadt n tikli .
Assa wern n isuggasen d isuggasen n tɣeṛṣa s yimer ,tidi d idammen n tsednan d yirgazen a ucin i tmagit d wahil n tmetti a ɣef ad uzlen tizla n iɣeẓṛan ,werɛad cawi meskin jar n lbenj n wenber d umennuɣ aǧǧer n iceɛbab d wezgen-idin n uqeccabi d isefra n ugestur d usettur d tikli n tnafa ad d-yeṛẓin tgeǧet i tmaggiyin, ma ur ṣṣiɣṛent-id ca seg jemmaḍen ,lulent-id seg teɛzayem n imderwcen niɣ seg alliwen meslen s teskin n tfunasin .
U lḥirt tameqṛant ald ad sersen imenɣasen neɣ tasertit deg qedduḥ i yeɣrimen ,ya ad tsurfen ya ad ten-tsuref ,ya ad rewlen seg-s ya ad serwlen seg-s, da u d way yeǧǧin tmasext tceṛeɛ i way yennumen d ṭṭiqan .
Am-in seg-a sliɣ s teqṣidt n lmudir n Tkukt d ccix n Nqawes ren-as qafilet elkitab d Zeɣlul n l’izɛaj lɛilmi ur uggideɣ ca mammek ay yugdeɣ si lmuselsalat n Ṭṭuṛk d wahilen n isekkiwen n isɛudiyyen niɣ leflam n Lmarikan d imseẓṛiyyen n isallen neɣ d ya n lejnas xaṭeṛ d netni ay yelɣen tiṭṭawin u slilen alli u kerzen annar i yigurslen n yiḍan, ikeblan n laliju d tarwa n lkaẓmat .
Ma yibriden ay inejṛen zdat n ucawi meskin d sen n yibriden, atxenwej wa muctaqqatu-hu niɣ d aṣbeṛbeṛ bi anwaɛi-hi ad yeqqim ucawi deg twenbriyyin d uxenfuf ay yessadafen ɣer lɛafift if aremmeɣ d utfenyeq u l ḥaṣul if “Cawi beṣṣeḥ idin” (xaṭeṛ beṣḥat tufeṛṛaqen) ma-dam amennuɣ yecreq s tikli n tarwa-nes ay yeččin alli n yifis imeṛqen s ugingiḍ u ma dam werɛad ur nzemmer ca ad nbed deg udem n iremmaɣen s ifeǧǧajen d imessenda eǧ imujahden d iweṛṛaten- nsen ad bedden deg udem-nsen u ǧǧet tamurt n icawiyyen ad teqqim deg awwel ṛaṣaṣatun u ad neqqim nečni deg senjaqen d izamulen n weẓṛef .
Ɣef tgara xseɣ ad iniɣ twalem saɛat netḥar way yifen ? cawi aberbuci niɣ cawi acexcuxi beṣṣeḥ neẓṛa belli ɣef uneggaru isnin ifen “cawi beṣṣeḥ…..” aged ma imezwura d imbeṣḥiyyen tambeṣḥit-nsen nennum-it u aḍan a nessen yif aḍan atrar u ad neqqim nessaram niɣ nettarjay s ucawi d cawi n tmurt d yimer yessen amezru yedder assa u yeẓṛa imal ay yexs mammek ad yili u smayes ad t-yawweḍ, beṣṣeḥ seg-a d aṣbeṛbeṛ ay yeqnen tizi ad n-tafed netxeyyaṛ jar n wenber d yibrir baca ur nettaf ca iman-neɣ deg muḥaṛṛem aged ma ulac lmuckil deg igarren mammek ay yella deg ixfawen .
Muḥ-terri
*tutlayt ɣef twenbrit deg-s ṣṣeḥ deg-s aqeǧǧem xaṭeṛ ɣer-i la twenbrit la yaṣbeṛbeṛ d dwa i tmurt .


text: ih IH 35 Down IH 35 Down - Lil Bit & The Customatics Ih al halawa di Ih åh oh, jeg er en obo (2007) Ih bin â Hohâloh'r Ih bin halt vo Salzburg - Almer Dreigesang Ih bin herrlich, ich bin sch n Ih brauch jetz niht vül Ih brauch jetzt niht vül ih bstö ma Knödl ih geh so gern tanzn Ih goh goarka Ih hab dih gern Ih Had To Be You Ih hair - Siilegmaa Ih hob die gern Ih hob dih liab ih hob's im gspur Ih hvor den vokser Ih Hvor Det Klær Dig Godt Ih Hvor Er Det Løgn Ih Hvor Skal Vi Lege Ih hvor sku' han skamme sig IH I 2'50" Ih I Had You Ih Ih Ih 1983 Ih It Don't Fit (Don't Force It) - Barrel House Annie Ih Lele [ Miligram Feat. Alen Ademović ] Ih liab a frisch' Dirndl - Ostermiehthinger Viergesang Ih llande duggregn Ih Lonesome Me Ih Mag Di Nit Nehma Ih mag di nit nehma, du töppeter Hecht Ih no pretty Ih schdeh uf dih Ih schdeh uff dih! Ih Soh Waroang Ih steh mit einem Fu im Grabe - Machs mit mir, Gott, nach deine ih suach ma a Dirndl Ih Tam Net Ih tua wohl Ih Uh Åh Ih und mei Bua (Walzer) Ih vosem' - nas dvoe Ih Wüßt`so Gern,was Du Denkst ih zeert mori Ih! Fora Ih! hvor det var skønt Ih! Meu Deus Do Ceu Ih! Meu Deus do Céu Ih! Meu Deus do Céu 3'09 Ih! They're Making Me All Over In The Army Ih, Aí, É pra Vocé Ih, åh, oh - jeg er en obo Ih, Hvor Det Var Skønt Ih, hvor er det kommunalt - ! Ih, hvor er det mørkt Ih, hvor er det sjovt Ih, hvor er det uhyggeligt / Ludvig Brandstrup Ih, Hvor Jeg Nyder Når Det Swinger Ih, Hvor Jeg, Åh, Hvor Jeg, Uh, Hvor Jeg Vil Ih, hvor skal vi lege Ih, wann i du war Ih, wann ih du waar Ih, wann ih du war Ih, wonn ih du war (J. Inzko) Ih, zhizne moia Ih-Ah! Ih-ih-hii ja ah-ah-haa IH.R. ih0 ih1 ih2 IH8 IH8U ih9 IHA Iha Avao Iha Finaalis Iha Fitepsei Mia Kardia Iha Fitepsi Mia Cardia Iha fitepsi mia kardia Iha fitepsi mia kardia ( M. Theodorakis - N. Gatsos) Iha fytepsi mia kardia Iha iha Iha Iha Iha Ho (Esellied 2013) Iha iha iha ho - Esellied 2013 Iha Iha Iha oh Iha Iha Iha Oh (esellied) Iha ihe Iha lahy misera Iha lahy misera (Tu es foutu) IHA MIA AGAPI Iha Montre Sa Leurr Ma iha oikkuse kaikille Iha Ro Teako Iha sama (feat. Striittiribu) Iha Sama feat. EZK Iha, à l'abordage !


text:
Distance
distance calculator for the cities begins with tao in ma.
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text:
Anagraw n wammud
Anagraw n wammud ( tazegzilt (abréviation) N.A) (Fr : système d'exploitation SE ), (s teglizit Operating System OS), d tagrumma n wahilen i isselḥun acermad (appareil) asenselkim.
Agbur
Amazray (historique)[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg iseggasen n 1940, iselkimen (ordinateurs,computers) ttwasihlen(programmer) s weseqdec n teqfilt (interruptuer à bascule), kra i seggasen mbeɛd sseqdecen tikarḍiwin i nezmer ad nɣer s uselkim.
Iselkimen deg iseggasen 1940 ɣer 1960 swan tafunast d yellis(ɣlay it), anagir tirmisin (entreprises) timeqqranin i ten-yesseqdacen, yerna yal amseqdac sbededen as akud n leqdic (limiter le temps d'utilisation).
Akfasihel (multiprogrammation)[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
akfasihel d awal i d-yussan deg sin wawalen (akfud=multiplication , asihel = programmation).
Inagrawen n wammud yetwasnen (les SE connus)[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Microsoft Windows.
- Machintoch Mac OS.
- Linux.


text:
Aḥric ameqran n imusnawen umezruy, n yemura, si yal lawan, d wid n zik neɣ d wid n wass-a, dduklen di tikta iwakken a d-inin amek i d-tuɣ aẓar teflest tamasiḥit n ddunit meṛṛa, ladɣa tin n Utaram, si zzeriɛa n Tmazɣa. Tamasiḥit n Utaram alaṭini tlul-d si Tmazɣa.
Tebda-d tikli n tmezgida s tnagit n inelmaden imezwura. Ḥekkun-d ɣef wayen walan d wayen slan.
Deg uḍris-agi amaynut a nessiked ɣer wazal sɛan “Yemɣaren” n tmezgida di tikli n wass-a.
Tikta ara d-nawi tikelt-agi deg umezruy, d tiɣri i “Yemɣaren n Tmezgida”.


text:
TADYANT N TILELLI : RẒEMAT TIMEḤḌA-NNUN !— May 1, 2014 0 131
Simraw2 n iseggwasen ay-a izrin ɣef tedyant3 n Tilleli. Ad d-nessemktey winna ur issinen d winna ittun : G umenzu g mayyu 1994, ttyamẓen g Imtɣren4 ssa n yimeɣnasen n tmentilt5 tamaziɣt g llan imaslaḍen n umaris6 n Tmesmunt tadelsant Tamettit Tilelli illan g Tizi n Yimnayen. Itteyameẓ Eli Ḥarcerras, Ṭaws M’bark, Eli Ikken, Eumar Derwic, Ḥmad Kikic, Eli Ucna d Saeid Jaefar, acku amun g twada n umenzu g Mayyu g usin iɣarrasen7 ittyarun s tfinaɣ, ar ssuturen ad tili tmaziɣt adɣar-nnes g tmazirt-nneɣ, ad ttuɣer g yiɣerbazen, ittufek-as waddur-nnes amm nettat amm akw tutlayin8 yaḍen.
Tilelli ! Mayed ur issinen Tilelli ? Isem n tmesmunt-ddeɣ igzem amezruy n Umussu amaziɣ g Tmazɣa Tutrimt9. Iga amm tgezzayt irecmen ɣef wudem n Tizi N Yimnayen. Tga amdya10 n waddur d tixxitert. Mayed awed ur issinen tadyant-nnes ? Kigan g yimenɣnasen n Umussu Amaziɣ ssnen mayed ikkan ɣef imaslaḍen n Tilelli. Ssnen is amun ikrafen-ddeɣ n 1994 g mayed issadan tamaziɣt ɣer dat g tmurt-nneɣ. Ssnen idd mayed d akw ikkan deffer n tedyant n Tilelli seg yinaw11 n Ḥasan wiss sin n ɣuct 1994 g isawel, g tikkelt tamezwarut, ɣef useɣri n « tantalatin12 timaziɣin» g uɣerbaz13 ar asnulfu14 n Usinag Ageldan n Yidles Amaziɣ15, ikka-d ikrafen-ddeɣ. Nitni ayed imlen i yinebbaḍen n Merruk is «nekren» Imaziɣen, is ur yad nnin ad uɣulen ɣer deffer.
Meqqar txater tedyant n Tlelli, idrus dɣi mayed issnen mayed ijṛan g 1994 (awed winna issnen idrus mayed ɣifes nnan) acku kigan n twuriwin ayed ittuskaren af ad tettyattu, af ad tettusfeḍ g twengimin n medden. Awed yat tmesmunt d-issektayen ikrafen-ddeɣ. Drusen iɣmisen d idlisen ɣifsen isawalen. Kra n twuri tazedgant urta ɣifsen ttugi. Gan ammi ur ǧin kkin. Ammi ttusfaḍen g twengimin. Kigan n medden ayed iran ad ttun mayed ijṛan. Ffɣen-d imeɣnasen seg ukurmu, ikcem-t umezruy n ukraf-nnsen.
Simraw n iseggwasen ay-a izrin ɣef ikrafen-ddeɣ. Aters16-nnsen waqila ijjey g wulawen n yinekraf d winin yimezdaɣ. Ilaq dɣik ad ittyaru umezruy n tedyant n Tilelli. Tawuri-ddeɣ ilaq ad tt-teg Tmesmunt Tilelli s iɣef-nnes. Tamektit-nnes ilaq ad ttuḥḍu, acku mek tedda imki, qqen ad taccek g ugeḍrur u umezruy. Ay-a nnik ayed igan anaruz17 n icenga n tmentilt tamaziɣt. Ur ilaq ad tt-inn-gulun.
Inekraf n Tilelli nnureẓmen-d g 1994 acku tamentilt-nnsen tga tuɣdimt18. Acku beddan idsen kigan n medden, ssergagen tanbaṭ s uzbu19 d imenɣi-nnsen. Tamektit n yikrafen n Tilelli ilaq awed nettat ad d-tennarẓem seg ukurmu n ifesti g nn-tsul. Tawuri-ddeɣ ilaq ad tt-neddem.
Ilaq ku yan ad d-iger afus-nnes, irẓem timeḥḍa20-nnes, yuru ayenna issen, af ad d-nessekfel ay-a n tmektit. Ad tedder. Ad temɣur. Af ad ur sar tyattu.
A. Azergi
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text:
Aswir 01:
Ad negmu akken aswir 01 d yiwen n wahil n usileɣ n yinelmaden i lmumnin imaynuten. Iswi-s d akken ad ten-iwali teddun d Ssid, s ulmad n wawal d tikli di lemxalṭa d watmaten nniḍen yumnen yakan. Tamsirt tesɛa 55 n tezrawin (11 n tferdiyin i 5 n temsirin) i deg llan isental iwulmen Tudert n unelmad. Inelmaden ad d-heggin yal tamsirt s tezrawt (taɣuri) tamadnant* (personnelle) n yixfawen n Tira illan deg-s. S yin ad d-cerken tiwfitin-nsen akked inelmaden wiyaḍ, sddaw leɛnaya n umekfaḍu-nsen. Skud gemmun inelmaden, ttnernin deg ufraz di rruḥ, d tmummit di tikli-nsen akked Ssid, skud ttizmiren ad d-ssilɣen s timmad-nsen inelmaden ijdiden.
Aṭas n tarrayin n tezrwat i iwejden: Asileɣ izmer ad yili d tirebbuyaɛ ara yettemlilin yiwet n tikkelt i ddurt, i snat n ddwar, s tewzel n 5 n temsirin di taggara n ddurt, neɣ yal ass ɣef 5 n tmeddiyin. Asileɣ amadnan izmer ad ittwaxdem udem s udem, s ttawil n tebratin neɣ s Internet s lemɛiwna n uselmad.
Aswir 02
Ahil n uswir wis 2, i yettawin ɣer uselkin n uheggi n leqdic amasiḥi, ittak yiwen n usileɣ isɛan lsas di Tira i yinelmaden d iqeddacen di tmezdayt. Imugg:
1) I wid ikfan asileɣ n lsas (aswir amezwaru neɣ ayen nniḍen) d wid ibɣan ad gmun di tmussni n Yillu d Wawal-is.
2) I wid ibɣan ad kemmlen di leqdic di tmezdayt neɣ ad uqlen d iselmaden, d imekyuḍa n trebbuyaɛ timecṭaḥ neɣ d iqdimen.
Ahil-a isea aseggas n ulmad deg uɣerbaz amasiḥi. Ibḍa ɣef 11 iḥricen: lsas neɣ tidelli* (tronc commun) n 10 n temsirin + 1 n temsirt tafarant(option) n uheggi i leqdic uslig. Mkul almad isɛa azal n 60-90 n swwayeɛ n ulmad, n tezrawt tamadnant d warmuden icudden ɣer leqdic. Inelmaden zemmren ad tebɛen ahil-a ɣef tikkelt wad t-fakken deg useggas neɣ ad t-bḍun d iḥricen ɣef 3-4 iseggasen, skud ttkemmilen lxedma-nsen neɣ leqdic-nsen.
Timawit
Ad Negmu Akken- Alqem*(version) imawi ittawi-d isental illan deg wahil n uswir 01, meɛna imugg i wid iḥemmlen ugar taywalt*(Communication) timawit d tezrawt di terbeɛt neɣ tin n tmadnant-weḥd-s). Aya iwulem i wid isɛan aswir ilhan deg ufham, i izemmren ad lemden axir s timawit, d wid nniḍen am yimdanen isɛan tilas di leqraya-nsen ur nezmir ara ad tebɛen tamsirt yuran neɣ wid ur nessin ara ad arun wad ɣren. Ahil-a iwulem ladɣa i trebbuyaɛ isɛan aswir n leqraya ixelḍen.
Ahil-a isɛa azal n 70 isental iwulmen i usileɣ n unelmad. Aṭas n tarrayin i yettwasexdmen iwakken ad ɛiwnent lmumnin imaynuten ad gzun, ad rren d lfeɛl tidettin n Tira i lemden: aṭas n wallalen n cfawat, amezgun, assuneɣ, allalen n umesliẓraw, ccna, taẓallit, lewqat n yinawen d usqerdec, tassaɣin di lfeɛl, ɣer taggara…Isilaɣ ttuseddsen iwakken ad ḥellsen imekyuḍa n trebbuyaɛ timawin akken ad asen-fken ttawilat iwulmen i uselmed ifazen. Tzemrem ad aɣ-d- tarum, i zzyada n ttfaṣil ɣer tansa-a: or@progressonsensemble.com