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– AḤRIC WIS-TLATA (ANEGGARU)
Ussan ttemzuelalen, zeḥḥben tudert deffir-sen am tili itessu utellis yeddalen uḍan. Ttif ass yetteeddin, win d-yettemmalen. Dda Ḥemmu yegdel-it ḥellu. Kkren iberḍiyen-is deg wusu. Ma d nna Melluga, tageswaḥt d-rebbant tmucuha yessettuyen laẓ d tingaẓ almi tettamen s ieessasen d tewkilin akk d wayen d-yeseeddayen asirem si ccqayeq n tirga, teqqim d acu i teqqim, ha-t-an daɣ yečča-tt-id wul-is ur nerkid ur nesserkad. Yiwen wass, tekker mi yedden uyaẓiḍ. Igenni yeqqber, yeqqezbel seg usigna aberkan. Yebda la iremmez. Tafat teggumma ad d-teflali. Timiqwa ugeffur bdant la d-smiqiyent. Yal taquddirt annect n tberquqt. Eni teclee! Tḥelles i tqesrit-is. Tesbur timeḥremt i tuyat-is. Tebra-yas-d i tixsi, ad tt-tehnu s urti. Ula d ssiwan mačči tegla yis-s. Ur tt-id-tefni ara tdarit; yerna ur ferrsen ara medden tiferkiwin d yeqwiren s yiwen ufus ma teṭṭef ssiwan deg ufus nniḍen. Nna Melluga ur tḥemmel ara aseqqecmee yettgallan di bab-is.
Mi tewweḍ ɣer lexla, ka i teereḍ tgeswaḥt ad teẓẓee seg wallaɣ-is taluft-nni umi tettarra ifeẓ am yir targit, ulac. Seg wasmi i n-tufa agraw yezzi-yas i taklit, yella nettat d alejlej. Ur tezmir ara ad tesfeḍ tadyant ijerden di ccfawat am tecraḍ yuran deg wenyir. Tezga tettawi tugna-nni taseṭṭaft ger wallen-is.
Eeddi-ik tura kečč ini-yas i nna Melluga ad telti d wayen nniḍen! Tidmi-s tteddu ɣer weqqwir ma yella kra ad tessusi neɣ a tegdem, ma d iḍarren-is skerkiren-tt lewhi n yiɣzer i tt-ijebbden am ddkir.Tleḥḥu am tin yettarran awal i wanza.
Simiwessaea, ddunnit merra tessusem. Ula d iẓerkeṭṭaf mačči kkaten. Nna Melluga tessikid anda a twali taqameţ-nni iɣef teennec teslit iɣef ur tebni. Ulac. Ur twala iqiḥ. Yebberbek-d wagu ademdam. Ula ansi teeddiḍ a tiṭ. Lexla yettulles. Ugar tadamcact n yiḍ zaylellu n tafrarit.Agama yessewḥac. Tleḥḥu am tin ileḥḥun di teẓgi yeelulqen ger igenni d tmurt tɣunza tziri.
Ɣas akken tteddu tettezlikkiḍ amzun la tzegger asif, treffed ijufar-is ammar a s-ten-ixezzeq inijel, yeqqreḍ-itt uɣeddu n tara. Teɣli. Tekker. Tesfeḍ allen-is. Mi tent-id-teldi, tfuj ɣef taffa n yesɣaren ur yejmie ufus-is. Taf-n tineqqlin-nni sennig teewint, ttwafersent. Tuɣal tesla i lheffa n kra isekkeḥ am lebraq. Cwiṭ akka, twala ileccacen la ttemrehwalen am tqucac isekla yettenɣelyaḍen deg waḍu. Tesseḥrec allen-is, tuna-d lḥurum-nni ma yella wi yellan din. Ulac. Ur yettnuḥ ula d uccen. Yeccattew weglim-is. Tendeh: « Ay aeessas n wurti, ṣṣeṛ-aɣ seg wayen ur nelhi! Ttxil-k a bab igenni, mnee-aɣ seg yir teswiein d yir tqaetin ; yak ur nednib ur neesi, sseknu-yaɣ-d abrid a nali… »
Tesqerqer-d tixsi s axxam.Ur d as-terri ula d tiseɣlit i wurti.
Dda Ḥemmu yugi a tt-yamen. Yerfa fell-as ula d reffu:
“D acu a kem-yawin s urti? Yak nniɣ-am ur ttuɣal ara ad truḥeḍ ɣer lexla ma ur neddukel ara akken!
– Ur d iyi-fki ara wul-iw ad ǧǧeɣ taferka-nneɣ war ma sfeqqdeɣ-tt ula d asefqed.
– Mačči yiwet i la d-tesnulfuyeḍ ! Ass-nni tufiḍ-n iniɣman ttwaleqqḍen, ass-a la teqqareḍ tufiḍ-n tineqqlin ttwafersent. Netta, d aḍu kan ara tent-id-icelxen.
– Yeqeed unegzum-nnsent! D anegzum n tgelzimt mačči d aclax…
– Nniɣ-am susem!
– A s-neg d aclax i tent-id-yeclex waḍu, i taffa-nni i n-ufiɣ isettef-itt baba-k nnig-sent, d aḍu daɣen? Mer d aḍu, tilfi ad bbruzzaeen yesɣaren am tɣeṭṭen yeǧǧa umeksa yal yiwet anida terra. Walaɣ baba-k mi yezḥel ɣef tegmert yuɣ abrid d-yettarran si ssuq. Ahat syin i d-yekka?
– D leemer-im i isewwqen a d-yaǧew aɣilif s lgelba a m imelluga. La teswehlifeḍ.
– S yixef n winna akken yeǧǧan tasa-w tettquddur, ar akka i yella lḥal. Ma ur tumineḍ ara, steqqsi tixsi…
– Rnu-d win !
Ur d as-slin ara i tixsi mi d-tesbeebee. Dda Ḥemmu yegzem-as awal i nna Melluga.
– Nniɣ-am dayen! Simmal eemmal la teqqaz deg-m tibbehbit. Tefruriḍ am weɣrum ubelluḍ tikkelt-a!
– Xiic! Berra n tewwurt!
– Ma tkemmel akkagi, ugadeɣ ass nniḍen a yi-d-tiniḍ tufiḍ-tent-in yenɣec-itent baba, ma ur yegla yis-m s aẓekka. Ihi ggal-iyi ma teqqleḍ yakk a kem-yefk webrid s urti.
– Imi akka ata dɣa, ma qqleɣ ad zziɣ ɣer din, a wer d-aliɣ ɣef iḍarren-iw. Skud yakk weread teḥliḍ, ma yefka-yi webrid ɣer lexla war ma zzewreɣ-k zdat-i, ur ttusemmaɣ ara.”
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Ddurt tessawal i tayeḍ. Yekker dda Ḥemmu seg wusu. Yeffeɣ akken yettmendudue ɣer tejmaet ad yekkes ciṭ lxiq. Yaf-n tinuddiwin-is din. Wa yeẓẓiẓin iṭij, wa yettdummun, wa yetturar tiddaz. Cerhen dayen kan wid t-iḥemlen imi t-walan yejji acemma. Niqal nwan yakk ieedda lqecc-is. Awal yettawi-d wayeḍ. Ata ilueej-it-id Muḥd Umeẓyan n At Buledda:
“Amek akka ay aḍeggal, ayɣer i la tberrid fell-aneɣ ibawen?
– Wzen imeslayen-ik ay Abuledday!
– Ih! la tettihiyeḍ fell-aneɣ neɣ amek?Sya la teqqareḍ ur tekkireḍ ara seg wusu acḥal uya, sya la teddeḥdiḥeḍ s urti.
– Mer zmireɣ ad awḍeɣ s urti, ur d ak-ttaǧaɣ ara taslaḍt-nni iwakken ad tetturareḍ tiddaz d warrac. Tebra ar d ak-sserwuɣ amniqel.
– Ihi si melmi akka i neqqcent tneqqlin iman-nsent? Ahat d ieessasen n lexla i d-inuben fell-ak?
Dda Ḥemmu iremmeq-it s yir anexẓur. Muḥd Umeẓyan yeereḍ a s-ireqqee awal.
– Walaɣ snat tneqqlin-nni nnig leinser ttwamegglent mi d-qqleɣ si ssuq iḍelli. Yerna twenneeḍ-asent ameggel.”
Dda Ḥemmu yebda yestemtum; yesmeeriq-as deg umeslay. Ibeddel-as iger i usentel. Yenna-yas deg wul-is: “Mi k-seqqan, ddem-itt! Aha kan, ẓriɣ ansi i d-tekka tyita! D weltma-s Ubuledda i yerẓan awal-iw. Tekker-asent i tmeɣrusin deffir weerur-iw s ugelzim-nni i la tekkat s tuffra deg uqerruy-is.”
Seg yimiren, amzun yella wi t-yesɣimen ɣef isennanen. Daɣnetta ur n-ieeṭṭel aṭas di tejmaet. Yeena-d tamɣart-is s axxam. Yessared-itt tarda ukerciw. Nna Melluga tettgalla ara tt-yerren d ibki:
“Uḥeqq at wakka imir-a d kra i ɣ-yezdin ɣef lḥif d wurrif, ma yefka-yi uḍar-iw s urti seg wasmi akken i yi-tesgalleḍ. Ahat d ilef a tent-ifegglen?
– Ilfan ssekfalen s temɣilin ma ad afen ka tweggirt, ur neqqcen s uqabac, ur kerrzen s tgersa.
– Mer a k-iniɣ d baba-k a tent-ineɣcen, a yi-tesmexmxeḍ daɣen; ur d iyi-tettamneḍ ara.
– A kem-amneɣ kem yefrurin, ad ǧǧeɣ argaz?!
– Wali ziɣ! Imi d argaz i k-d-yennan, tumneḍ-t. Ma d nekkenti s tulawin, nelha kan i leqdic d usebrureḍ!
– Ur ttbeddil ara awal s wayeḍ. Limmer d ilef, ur d iyi-d-yeqqar ara Muḥd Umeẓyan-nwen belli wenneeɣ-asent anɣac. Rewleɣ-d si tejmaet am win umi yefsi waggus. Yettwakkes fell-i sser…
– Ihi a k-d-ggalleɣ anda i k-yehwa, ma d nekk. Ahat tebda-k-id tatut ula d kečč? Yak leeyub ttraǧun tewser. Imahat yella win tweṣṣaḍ a k-tent-yenɣec mi ara d-yefru ssuq-is?
– Aha berka ur smiddie ara fell-i! D isewwiqen-im i din yewwḍen.
– S yixef n Baḥi-nni yunagen ur t-ṛwiɣ, ma d nekk. Nekk xḍiɣ i yizunduren-agi i d-teggareḍ fell-i.”
Ma teggul-d nna Melluga s Baḥi, bedden waman. Dda Ḥemmu, am win a t-id-yewwten s ubeqqa mi yesla daɣen i wawal-nni n ssuq. Yal tikkelt, deg wass n ssuq i d-ttnunnutent tedyanin-nni ur netteeddi di tewwurt. Yezzi-d wass n ssuq, yekker dda Ḥemmu s tin n nnif. Yeddem lfuci, iga-yasent leessa i tneqqlin-nni. Simi yeqqeed iman-is deg ueecciw, yeṭṭef tiɣerrit, ata yeccerkeḍ-d wergaz s ugelzim s urti-s. Sani ara yerr? Yeena taneqqelţ-nni tis tlata, a tt-yenɣec. Yeccerɣet fell-as dda Ḥemmu. Reedent tɣaltin s wanu:
“Ḥbes din neɣ ad awiɣ llqeḍ-ik!
Argaz yezzeelelli agelzim. Yerfed ifassen-is s igenni. Yerra-yas-d s tergigit:
– Qil-iyi i wudem d tgujilin! Anef-iyi a k-in-ssegziɣ ttxil-k. Nnaɣ ay argaz leali ḥala nekk i tesea yelli yeǧǧlen ɣef yessi-s.
– Dda Ḥemmu yeffeɣ-d seg utemmu. Yuder ɣur-s, abeckiḍ ger ifassen. Yewweḍ-it imirimir. Yessers-as tixnefyac ɣef wanzaren-is, yenna-yas:
– Ziɣ d kečč a yir ssekka?!Ad iyi-twerteḍ, nekk d amuddir?!
– Ur k-werrteɣ ur d-tenni tedmi-w akka.Awer awḍeɣ asmi ara ɣelteɣ ayla n win ur d-id-teǧǧi yemma.
– D acu a k-id-yawin ihi ɣer tferka-w neɣ terriḍ iman-ik d aeessas n wurti?!
– Sers abeckiḍ-nni tura ttkil n wudem-ik! Ammar ad yecceg uḍaḍ-ik Yef zznad, ad tawiḍ takeffart-iw, tanfeḍ-iyi a k-n-iniɣ ka yellan.”
Dda Ḥemmu yerẓa tameggḥel yeǧǧa i lmendad, yessader-as tixnefyac zdat-s. Yessendi-yas tameẓẓuɣt winna. Argaz yebda yettales-as-d amek tella si tazwara:
“Nekk n At Luqam, si taddart Ifuraẓ. D acu-t wassen, kkiɣ-d si ssuq, tedduɣ ad rzuɣ ɣef yelli ur nesei ḥedd nniḍen d lwali ala nekk. Yessengef-iyi-d webrid almi i nezfeɣ si laẓ akk d fad. Kkaweɣ am uceṭṭiḍ. Ur s-nniɣ ara ad d-awḍeɣ ɣer leinser-agi-nwen almi s nnei bu turin. Swiɣ ticerrib n waman di tdikelt ufus ayeffus, dɣa yuli-yi-d nnzaf. Ziɣ isubb-iyi sskeṛ ur k-eniɣ. Mer mačči d tibexsisin-nni i d-kkseɣ si tneqqlin-agi ččiɣ-tent akken s lliqa-nsent, yalli a yi-d-afen yemsewqen qqureɣ dagi am uɣerda yettwarehǧen. Seg wakken bnin-it, gliɣ s kra n tbexsisin i yessi-s n yelli. Matter icerhent! Tageswaḥt-iw, teḍra-tt yid-s am nekk da ur nesei taferka, ur yelli wanda a nxerref. Dɣa seg wassen, ggulleɣ ar d asent-rreɣ tajmilt i tneqqlin-agi-nwen. “Win ur nezmir i lxir, yerr areṭṭal.”
– Ihi d kečč i ileqḍen iniɣman-nsent ass-nni?
– D nekk, ih. Ula d afras, ferseɣ-tent akken ssneɣ. Ur d iyi-ttqassa ara kan ma yella wanda ur d asent-gerrzeɣ ara anegzum. Ugadeɣ i yi-d-yettafen ma slan-d i tyita n tgelzimt, dɣa llan kra ifurkan yerkan i d-geddḥeɣ kan d ageddeḥ. Yibb°ass, mačči cwiṭ niqal d-teɣli fell-i tmeṭṭut! Mer ur znukreɣ ara s lemḥirat, ṭṭfeɣ-tt d arabee, tilfi ad yekker uberraḥ da.
– Ula d nekk akka i s-nniɣ i temɣart! Dayen tura, teddez tebrez.
– Amek?
– Uhu? La ttmeslayeɣ kan weḥd-i. Lḥasun, imi d ayen yelhan i tenwiḍ, aql-i qaleɣ-k. Ur d iyi-ttqassa ara ula d kečč imi k-sxeleeɣ.
– Tura ma ulac uɣilif, eǧǧ-iyi ad kemleY tajmilt-iw, ad neɣceɣ xerssum taneqqelţ-agi, sakin ur ttuɣaleɣ ara yakk ad d-anfeɣ s ayla-k.
– Ulamma d urti n baba d jeddi, sya akka d afella, tineqqlin-agi eg-asent amzun d ayla-k. A k-ḥasbent ma ur d asent-teččiḍ ara nnfee kečč akk d yelli-k d tgujilin-is. »
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Dda Ḥemmu yuli-d s axxam am umuḍin-nni i d-yeswan ddwa n ḥellu. Yecreh wul-is dayen kan imi tefra s liser tedyant t-yerḥan geddac aya. Iḥar a d-yaweḍ s axxam iwakken ad as-yessefru i temɣart-is taluft-nni i ten-yesluɣen talwit.
Akken kan i t-tefka tewwurt n wefrag ɣer lḥara, temmuger-it-id nna Melluga s snat tebratin i sen-d-yuzen Baḥi si Fransa. Ur d as-tgi ara a t-id-yali ula d awal. Tmekken-as-tent a s-tent-id-iɣer. Yeldi tamezwarut. Nna Melluga tesqiqic, amzun ula d nettat tessen ad tɣer. Dda Ḥemmu yeɣɣar, yettecmumuḥ. Tinna tewqee deg-s tmellalt. Yeffeɣ-d wul-is ahat am wakka i d-tessufeɣ ul n kra imeɣriyen tullist-agi yettnejbaden am lastik. Tenna-yas:
“Aha tura ini-yaɣ-d d acu i-d-yenna!
– La d am-yeqqar, ssulliɣ; a tawaɣit-im!
– Yezweǧ? A lḥif-iw!
– Yuɣ tarumit, ih!
– Ad wteɣ agejdur s uqerdac.Ugadeɣ ad t-tawi, ad ijiḥ i lebda.
– La d am-yeqqar, kkes aɣbel i wul-im; akka tura zemreɣ ad seuɣ lekwaɣeḍ. Ur tteeṭṭileɣ ara a n-aseɣ.
– D tisin-is ead i nuklal! Ɣur-k anda i tt-id-yettawi ɣer liḥala-yagi-nneɣ! Wissen dɣa amek-itt trumit-agi?
– Di nnekkwa kan i d tarumit.
– Ihi ead! Ma tecmet, ad rwun deg-neɣ taḍsa yemcumen.
– Ur ttagad, ur tt-id-yettawi ara.
– Uk, cwi! Wissen ansi-tt? A wi yeẓran amek i tga!
– Tura ad tt-twaliḍ.
– Anda-tt? Eni tusa-d, yezzwer-itt-id di tebraţ?
– Atan daɣen bdan-kem-id idaddaten-nni-inem! Eǧǧ-iyi a m-n-fakeɣ awal.
– Aha segger, fak-iten-id! Ur ten-id-sseqzuzum ara d aseqqzuzem am tbururin. Lḥaǧa, lḥaǧa a tislit!
– La d am-yeqqar, accki-tt! Ɣas ur tzad ara di ssifa, ḥnin wul-is. Ur ttqejjim ara aṭas deg-s mi ara twaliḍ tawlaft-is di tebraţ-agi tis snat.
– Ɣiwel ihi ldi-tt. Ḥareɣ ad tt-waliɣ amek-itt tčawraɣt-agi tamraet i t-yessexfen almi i tt-yuɣ.”
Nna Melluga teudd imi d tarumit kan dɣa tecbeḥ teksumt-is, warraɣ wemzur-is, tif tayawt-is, tif tigawawin… Daymi i d-yeffeɣ wul-is, tebda aqejjem. Terra-tt d tamraet, d tačawrat xas akken werǧin tt-tessin.
Dda Ḥemmu yeldi tabraţ-nni tis snat, yebda yessufuɣ-d tawlaft-nni s lemḥadra, iccer iccer, iwakken ad yeskuffer tamɣar-is ugar. Iḥemmel ad as-yeddu ciṭ di nneqma. Yeqqar-as i nna Melluga:
“Ur ttagad a Melluga! Mačči d zzwaǧ n tayri iwakken ad am-t-tawi. Ahat d tačemɣart m imelluga akka am kem i yufa, d acu kan nettat tesea lekwaɣeḍ n fransa ucaylelleh, wessie wul-is d texriṭ-is yeččuren d iḥemmuten. Ad am-d-tesserwu iqefḍanen, ijipunen, lbaliṭat akk d ssebbaḍ ṭalu sufella!”
Netta yekkeekee d taḍsa, nna Melluga tḍal kan ɣef tewlaft-nni i d as-d-tejleq, dɣa texcawet mi tt-twala. Teccef-itt-id tidi tasemmaḍt. Lleɣwin ifadden-is, ɣerrben wallen-is, tekcem eemrayen.
Almi i tt-iruc dda Ḥemmu s waman isemmaḍen, yesselxes-as tanzarin-is s lxel, d wamek i d-tendekwal. Yenna-yas:
“I ma berriket, eni tenger ddunnit? Awi-d kan ad yeseu lekwaɣeḍ ula d netta, ur t-id-ttẓeeeiken ara deg uɣarrabu n smid am yir sselea!
– Mačči d ayen i d iyi-ssnezfen!
– Acimi i texcawteḍ ihi?
– Wa d la fuṭu n taklit-nni i n-ufiɣ ass-nni la s-yesberbir baba-k deg yiɣzer, asmi i yi-d-yenna yya-d a s-tewteḍ lḥenni i teslit-im, ayagiiiii! Kkess-itt, ffer-itt, d tinna.Yerna tugiḍ a yi-tamneḍ… »
Tixsi terra-tt i teɣratin. Tesbeebue trennu. Tessummel lḥara s bee bee beeee.
Armi d seg-s akka, i s-yessefra dda Ḥemmu i nna Melluga tadyant uterras-nni i sent-yettarran tajmilt i tneqqlin…
TEFRA TFUK
Racid n Tiɣilt 01/17


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G tdala, ibdda uselmad nnegh, ar iseksiw s inelmadn d tinelmadin, ar ttemunnuDn gh usarag. Isken asn ad kecmn, ur gis t iwin. Iqqel sar sen . Ur rin ad akmn. Ijlen (S’énerver) iddegh ira ad isnes tawuri nnes. Ur as ifki ufrak nnes ad isseherbibbey (Faire semblant de travailler) , ad ghifsen itteflla. Itsen ar smuttuyn iZri nsen zund is ur t annayn. Yucey s umughy n itsen zeg uzraw (L’étude) . Tadala darsen tga wan ughzzu (La prison) . Akkw ifalan n umyawaD bbin. Nitni g yan ugwmmaD, netta g wayyaD. Mayd izdin ca d kra? !Mer issin is iga usselmd anezwum isghewwacn ur inni ad yacl tadala s uwerz nnes. Mer issin is qenna ad iccef g ill ur ilin iwtta ur inni ad gis ighbbez (Plonger) . Maca mayd ira ad isker i uratim (Le destin) nnes? Illigh meHra ighwey agerdis nnes n « Bac »immudda s yat tnadamt (Ville) issiggan ighf i ill, di dda g ilula far ad yamZ tussifin n igi n tlalit (Extraits d’acte de naissance) far ad izemmem assagh nnes g uzizar n Fas. Illigh t yumZ yufa is itturna yan usakil i wassagh nnes n twacult aha irura t i umara. Iqqel ad ittusghtu ugul (Corriger l’erreur) . Irara as umara tussifin mi ittusfD usakil itturnan . Kud tent yumZ idderf ad issikl asakac (Le car) far ad yughul s tgemmi n ibba nnes. Kud ismun itagirn (Les documents) yaDn ioayn Fas mar ad izemmem assagh nnes. Isddirn (Désirer) ad iTfur azraw nnes amajjeyal g ufelzf acku ur iHmil ad iHsu imagradn n usaDif, wala iHmel ad iHsu isaghiln n udyaz aorab. Isenyif afelzf mar ad yaf asaka s ususnf (Proposé pour la psychologie) . Ikka tin, kud ur ta ighwi agerdis n « BAC », yuzn i uzizar (L’université) afransis gh Baris aha izmmem assagh nnes s ufada n wad as yazn agerdis nnes. Mar ad inDew s umaDal n tiggurg (La liberté) insa iD mayd ila ar itteghnuZur (Réviser) ilamidn n ufelzf. G tadggwat n wass wis craD n ukayid, ar ittenuddum, ar itturu amagrad n ufelzf s ighnan iddegh innemrury. Ur ismid akayid (L’examen) alley yaZ unlli nnes ad ibbeDey (Exploser) . S ujurdu (L’enthousiasme) , ar itteqqel s umurs (La réussite) maca ur ittubdir wassagh nnes gh umugh (La liste) n inmursn . Ibeytl (Etre déçu) , ira ad isew tisent. Issikka anebdu ar iTTeSSa, ismuttey azuZD nnes s tsutlt tis-snat. Ffir as ighbbez g imTTawn irzagn, g tallest . Ur yad iHmil ad yughul s tdala. Ikka dis itsn wussan, ar ittemrurud mar ad ilcem aghasar (L’établissement) . Itter ad isselmd g tinml tamezut meqqar ur iHmil ad isselmd i inelmad imeskan ay-nna ttelmadn. Iddu s yat tmazirt ammas n Fazaz . Xas iggwez zeg usakac (Le car) aha yunf imi nnes izla awal (Au sens de voix) nnes g itsen wussan . Ifka as unemhal (Le directeur) craD wussan mar ad yawey timelsa, iotlan (Les couvertures) , d usan nnes acku ittuTfar as ad iddu s yat tinml tadisant far ad yili tawuri. Isxuccen (Avoir l’air maussade) uorrim aha ioayn azagwz n umuddu. Iney g yat tharirt. Ur ikki umya alley ar ttemzaghn imeHrayn ger atsn. Izzugwz t yan dig sen aha isni t g ta-yyaD. Ur iHmil ad iney . Xas iHenkrurey (Rouler) umeHray itter i Rebbi ad t yarey (Protéger) . Isrra umeHray s wazzaz (La vitesse) issexlaon. Kud yiwD afaragh n ubrid ur yad innebiD g isseHrey (Le volant) . IttuTukey (Etre surpris) uorrim s ufugh n tharirt s wakwsar n ubrid. Idma adan nnes ddaw ujarir (La roue) . Yucey s uneqluley (Le renversement) n tharirt craT n tikkal, yufa ighf nnes iffegh, ibedda f iDarn nnes, ur t yagh umya xas kra n uHarid g ighil nnes. Iger tiT nnes s tama nnes, yannay amnay igan ajentaD (Le voisin) nnes iskurrem. Iger digh tiT nnes s waZey in, yannay ameHray ibedda, id tama nnes innebdr umnay wis-kuZ . Iggufey akwsar . Iseqsa t umeHray :
– Is illa ca n ughiluf?
Irura as s uzoaf :
– Ur illi, Rebbi ad imhes (Compenser) .
Illigh ighley s ugharas imnaggar d usakac aha iney far ad ixleD ghif yan usmun itteyazn s tnadamt mar ad isselmd. Ur ar ittiHmil ad ur yili g usihar (Le rendez-vous) asag imsasa d ca ghif ukud nnes. Yucey s uqercun (Le froid glacial ) . Isella i mayd as innan is ar txemmamn imezdagh n tesga -ad g uzadim n usserghi uggar n imendi. Ur igi anezwum nsen xas ad smuttern akccuD ma s rqqan. . Issikka yan yiD izunksn. Tifawt zik, aghuln s tnadamt nsen. Innughjf uselmad amaynu, ur iHmil ad iddu s di-dda ur issin awd yan . Asmun nnes ila annaZ acku ra ad yili tawuri ammas n tnadamt id netta ad iddu s usun ur issuddin . Da ittiri ad isawl ur ar issiwiD awal nnes i umZZugh n umsawl. Ismutter iHruyn nnes ilqqaqn (Fragiles) , ur izmirn ad ghif s rarin aqercun . Inna as ibba nnes ad isegh yat txenciyt aha yafs t s walim far ad t issu. Iman d usmun nnes. Illigh ilkem adabal n tinml iseqsa anemhal ghif uzadagh. InzeD yan umeHDi ad t issebgu g tgemmi nnes. Insa ghur s, yuf at yan urgaz inemn. Iseqsa t ghif ughbalu nnes. Issusn as tanttit nnes. Inna as is inetta s yat tmazirt illan ammas n idurar n Fazaz, is ilula g yat tnadamt issiggan ghif ilel, is izla tamazight n imarewn nnes, is ur yad ictutey (Mémoriser) zeg ils nnes xas itsen iwaliwn nna ikka iHsa kud ar itteddu s ghur warraw n unttay nnes (Son oncle) . Kud ifrren umeHDi tiniltin (Les lentilles) isawal alley ar ittenuddum. S askka tifawt, isekn as unemhal tdala amm is isenod i umeksa almu. Iswanfa iddegh ur t yuzin s tinml tadisant illan g yan usun yaDn . Iddu s tdala s udm iqendcn (Avoir l’air maussade) . Meqqar innughjf (Etre inquiet) izmummey dat uguzdey (Le groupe) ameskan nna gis man icirran d tcirratin. Issufgh ten s usarag mar ad urarn qenyuffr (Cache-cache) . Ighal id s ucmummeH (Azmummey) ad yili tawuri nnes s yan wudm amaynu nna ur tssin tinml g tmazirt nnegh. S mendat (Peu à peu ) , ur yad zmirn izenzifn nnes ad snekmern ighuyyan n inelmad. Meqqar immuttey s ghur yan uselmad izedghn i wul nnes aha yufa dar s usan imaynut d usserghi n waghas (Le gaz) ur yad iHmil tawuri d icirran d tcirratin. Ur yad issin ad innebD dig sen. Yan ufarid (Enfant frivole) azurar ur ar ittezzeya g uzaghim nnes. Ar inTTew am uwurdu, ar ikkat ismun nnes. Zeg ulextu (L’instant) ar wa-yyaD ar as iqqar cra n unelmad aha ismummey . Awd tinelmadin fessusnt . Yat dig sent icayD as wi-n iZenZul imci nna da ttinin itsen imazighn. Asnirz (La plainte) nsen ar t ittenzal (Exciter) ar d ur izmir ad ictem afus nnes. Drugh ay d iZley (Etrangler) tarbat nnagh . Id afarid nnagh, issenwa tadawt nnes s iHuddizn (Les coups de poing) . Yan wass ur iZri amya alley tekcem yat tesdent tadala nettat d yat tesmunt nnes aha tesmammey zeg icr day teddu s ghur yan unelmad mar ad as tekkes imassen nna yucr i urba nnes. Ur as isawil, teffegh aha teddu. G ukud n tnafa, ar ittebdad dat tdala iddegh ur ar ittiri ad ikcem tinbaDin adday ccurn iselmadn awal dat tdala tajenTaT. Illigh ibdda g ukud n tnafa tedda-ds ghurs yat tselmat, tzul t, tewwet tekcem day tusey yan ulalic igan zeg imassen n uzuzrq (Le fait d’éclaircir) . IHreq iddegh ur as tettir asusl (L’autorisation) , iddegh tHurf t amm is ur illi. Imci nnagh nnit ayd tga kud tesduqqr tifluyt n tgemmi nna gis izdegh d yan uselmad. Tewwt, tekcm, tseqsa t : « Is illa . . ». Tekcem ar abuD meqqar ur as iruri. Illigh ur tufi asmun nnes teddu teffegh. Izzummey (IHreq) digh iddegh tesnara (Se conduire) d ids amm is iga imHDi n tgemmi ur id amezdagh nnes . Ur as isawil. Ur yad iHmil g tmazirt nnagh xas iDan. Drusn iDan nna ur gisn umuyd (Le fait de veiller) . Asmun ar d ittawey inebgiwn s tgemmi nnes. Ha wa-nna ikkatn allun, ha wa-nna issen i uhayyu n butegzut, ha wa-dda issallan ateklis (L violon) , ha tisednan ittirirn s tmazight, ha asaDrn (Le vin) , ha awrasn (Le tabac) , ha tadahda (La drogue) n « Lkif ». Ur da ittacey s iD ard izrey. Ar isduhdu ighf nnes. G yan iD iHDa yat tesdent kud ttirir ar talla. Tenzl t s tmija nnes illuddan (Tiède) , tezzedrz t (Influencer) s uhuskey nnes (La beauté) nnes d tifiras yusin tamatart n ufughl (La tristesse) . G wa-yyaD itter as usmun ad issigg tikint. Iddu s unwal, ar ittenwiwil (Vaciller) , issigg tikint, g yan ufus yusey ameqraj ikkarn s waman, g wa-yyaD yusey taqbbuct n uqercad (Boîte à allumette) . Imseqsa d twengimt nnes ghif mayd ira ad isker. Yughul s umeSriy aha iman d tmija ittusektern s ufughl d ubeytl . Iddem g izlan, ar ittelley s ighf iZZayn, ar ittejgugul ger uteghcec (La tristesse) d ubeytl d uxub n waDu. Illigh ign iwarga is yumZ iqariDn ikemDn . S wass, ur iZri amya alley ikcem unemhal d usenfac . Izmummey umggaru ddegh aha itter as itagirn n usmutteg d ulug asifan (Le cahier journalier) . Yufa ghur s imezwura id alug ddegh ur t yufi. Iseqsa t usenfac :
-Max alley ur tesmuttegd alug asifan?
Irura as s tasemDi :
– Ur t i ssingh.
Innemzg unemhal s uzmummey:
– Max is ur act inni usmun nnec?
– Uhu, ur it inni.
Ddun, ffeghn, zrin t g udghar ar itteroab iddegh ur ighejdim usenfac ad isnighs (Observer) alamid. Imseqsa d twengimt ghif mayd igan tirselt n usselmd id imc n usselmd mid alug issetgarn ilamidn .
G iD, illigh imnaqqar d usmun nnes iseqsa t ghif usenfac (L’inspecteur) aha ifka as sin iluga mar ad gisen izemmem ay-nna isker g tdala. Ismerret t s uzemmem n uy-lli iskar awd netta. Iggunfa t (Profiter) iddegh ur ta izmir ad ibedd ghif iDarn nnes, ur ta issin mayd igan alik (Le salaire) . Ur ar ittamZ il nnes g ughfar (Le fait de louer) maca ar ittamZ il nnes g utci. Ikka uselmad ddegh iga imiZy n unemhal (Le directeur par intérim) asag iguDl (S’absenter) . Ar itteddu s tinml s tisufra (La valise) tusgint d timelsit isseflilliyn . U-nna t yannayn ad yighil is iga asefras (Le médecin) maca anlli nnes ar t ittawey uzwu. Ur djin t yannay da iqqar cra n udalis. Kud issumm aggu awragh, issa tigmimin n tamment n waDil. G yan wass, igwra uselmad nnegh tamidalt (La boutique) aha isgha iselman n tqebbuct day itter i umzzenzi ad ast yanf iddegh ur ili asanf g tgemmi. Kud as t yunf yusi t f tduHalt (La paume) nnes asl n wad t iddel. Illigh ilkem tigmmi isufrra (Considérer comme défaut) t usmun nnes ghif uy-a isker. IHmmeq (Ne pas consentir) s igi. Netta iga ighf nnesg ignna id aselmad nnegh amaynu islegh acal. Ioban nnes leqqaqn, mayd izdin ca d kra?
Arhazaf Mohammed g wass n 22 /04/2012 -2962

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Mass Omar Haydar, Darat n mad d iDi sin idlisn nns: tuzunt n wazzan (2010) d ihaburn n tayyu (2011), hati issufgh d dagh gh usggwas ad n 2011 tullisin nns mi issagh (tiwlafin), tullisin da gh imla mass Haydar is izzga tawada nns gh ubrid n tirra n wallas, gant nit mklli isskan ism nnsnt tiwlafin f imukrisn n tudrt d talla d ugdud d iman agwnsan n ufgan, gant tisit i udmawn n tudrt d usdwl d uzmz, ktarnt s isastnn (isqsitn) n tflsaft izziwizn tawngimt n umara nngh, ttyarant s yat tgharast yaDfutn iktarn s tamimt n wawal d taDfi n tskla d iswingimn idran.
Tullisin n mass Haydar rwasnt ixf nnsnt, ur rwasnt tigharasin n wiyyaD, kkant abrid nnsnt sisnt iZlin, drant g usays n uswingm, Zilnt g igr n titiknikin n tirra d ustay n tguriwin infalaln, smunnt gr wawal n ku ass, win tudrt n kuyan d wawal n izlan ilsan timlsa n tskla immimn yaDfutn, izDar ad isnm taguri, issaru tutlayt, iZm tt ad d issufgh asktur nns asklan.


text:
Melmi ara yesleb urumi?
Sécurité dans les hôpitaux psychiatrique
UrgaY ddunit tenneqlab, tuYal d amejjay imeslab,
kra gar imuḍan-is d irumyen.
Wiyaḍ merra d ṭṭellab, sean neY bubben laṣel aerab,
s nnefxa deg-s i yessalayen.
Amejjay yessaked ṣṣifa, yezwar yesteqsa at Faffa,
sakin yuYal Yer widen.
Inuda ad yegzu tilufa, maca, ayen deg-sen yufa,
mačči d ayen yemgaraden.
Am irumyen, am waeraben, d taḍṣa n medden i ten-yesselben,
slaqaben-ten ṣṣbeḥ, tameddit.
Ẓẓayet teekemt bubben, ata wayen i ten-iceYben:
"Ur ssinen ara taqbaylit".
Yenna-yasen "ulac aYbel, awi-d kan ul ad tt-yeqbel,
yella ttawil i waya".
Nnan-as "si yir lehdur nemmel, aha mel-aY-d amek, Yiwel!
Sani ad ner mi ara neffeY sya"?
“Ay arumi kečč tqefzeḍ, ihi nadi ad tafeḍ,
ddu, ur d-yeqqim waddud!
Ayen-nniḍen akk d leYlaḍ, ḍfer kan abrid Uzerrad,
win yenjer dadda-s Lmulud!
I kečč ay aerab yak tesliḍ neY triḍ ad teqqimeḍ akka telliḍ,
ad truḥeḍ si ṭṭlam Yer wayeḍ?
Taqbaylit ma ur tt-teYriḍ, ddunit amzun ur tt-teẓriḍ,
maca, awer d ak-taweḍ”!
Aerab yeereḍ ad yelmed, maca, awer d as-taweḍ,
aqerru n wefḍis yeqqur.
S arumi ad nessefqed, ad nawli anda yewweḍ,
ma yekkat-itt s ucaqur.
D tidet ddunit tenneqlab, arumi yeqqel yessen ṣṣwab,
yettmeslay tutlayt n Muḥya.
Aqbayli akken d-yenneqlab, wungif yeeraq-as ṣṣwab,
yeqqel s yiman-is yeṣṣeḍḥa.
yeqqel s yiman-is yeṣṣeḍḥa, tagi n tikkelt-a tṣeḥḥa,
d tiYrit s wazal-is.
DYa ul-is deg-s yerḥa, lemmer ad yili s tidet Ğeḥḥa,
ur izemmer ad t-yerr tezleg tikli-s.
S tYawla i yetteddu ad yaweḍ, d tazla zdeffir Uzerrad,
deg webrid yenjer dda Lmulud.
Ay arumi tugadeḍ! Maca, imi kečč tzewreḍ,
temmektiḍ-d teseiḍ lejdud.
Ay arumi din din tukiḍ, dYa di teqbaylit teğğiḍ,
Yer tefransist tuYaleḍ.
Tanemmirt Yef kra d aY-tefkiḍ, neḍfer-ik mi d aY-d-tewwiḍ
s iman-nneY Yer d-aY-tezzuYreḍ!
La yekkat ugeffur tura, nekk yeṭṭṣen berra,
ffeefaeeY-d seg yiḍes.
A ziY ur tenneqlab ara! Ma d kra din merra,
allaY-iw i usaru-s la yettales.
Γas d targit ideg kecmeY, griY-d ssarameY
ur tettYama kan d lekteb.
Ay asirem a k-nessawaleY, ahat a k-YaḍeY,
ini-yas i urumi ad yesleb!!!
Seid At Meemmer


text:
TAMURT – Ran ad d-kksen tugdi seg ulawen n yemdanen; ad qḍun lecɣal-nnsen war akukru, ad teddun deg iberdan, ad ttruḥun ɣer tebḥirin…ɣer wedrar neɣ ɣer yilel ad merḥen, ad kksen ɣef ulawen-nnsen war akukru.
Di tmurt n iqbayliyen ulac amḍiq ur ǧǧin di laman, takerḍa n talwit sɣersen-tt iwaɣezniwen. Maca, d acu ara yexdem uqbayli meskin zdat n yeɛdawen n tudert, ileḥḥun mebla tugdi? Imi d wid ara ten-iqazmen i d-asen-yefkan azuɣer. Xeddmen lmuḥal deg yemdanen: Nɣan imdanen deg webrid-nnsen, ḥewsen ilmeẓyen, ukkren arrac imecṭuḥen, cemten tulawin d tlemẓiyin… sserɣen, ɛeyben, snejlan, undin tixazabiyin…lḥasun ur d-ǧǧin ara xedmen s-ya d asawen !
Γas mačči d yiwen n yiman i yewwin yeɛdawen n Rebbi, mazal la ttnadin anwa ara ad rnun, gullen ula deg imeɣban ur ten-ǧǧin di laman, dɣa nɣan ula d ilemẓi d tlemẓit.
Maca, lammer ur dduklen ara yeqbayliyen, lammer ur tezdi ara tegmatt n izwawen, tili ad xlunt tudrin seg imezdaɣ, am akken a sen-teḍra di tazwara n unekcum afransis ɣer-sen. Tamurt n izwawen ass-a, attan ger sin iberdan: win yettawin ɣer talwit, d win yettawen ɣer ccwal. Iqbayliyen ilelliyen ay bɣan d talwit, mačči d ccwal.


text:
Afran n Donald Trump am uselway i Iwunak-Yedduklen n Marikan, yeldi-d yiwet tawwurt tamaynut di wumusu n taslullit n i warkayizm seg tatrarit. Ihi kan, tura ulama d anezmar umaḍlan amezwaru yeɣli-d di tasraft n tsertit « tapopulist ».
Akk-nni, a « fenomen Trump » yewḍeḍ alama d tagara, d yesseɣli-d takerhant-nni n Hillary. Maca, d tiḍet, tihina ur sxuṣen-ara tiɣẓant n lekreh. D nettat weḥdes d yal tiɣawsisin i kerhen tiserkamt tiɣerfant n tmura tasemgurit: idrimen, utxemmim yiwen, tidyanin n ccraɛ, ladɣa tanzagt di leḥkem.
Rrbeḥ-ines di tifrarin tizwarin n ukabar Democratic, wukter-is s lvoṭ n tamazdayt taberkant (At Clinton skecmen-t di lǧib-nsen kra n imraseggasen uqbel), ur yeǧǧa-ara yiwen match igerrez gar Trump d u kandida sosyalist Bernie Sanders. Igerrez acku yemseččew sin ipopulism i zgaren di timetti tamarikanit: yiwen ametti, nniḍen etno-adelsan.
Sanders yella d u kandida n imeɣban. Trump yella d u kandida n imeɣban. Di taggara, iferranen-nsen qrib kif kif-a-sen. Qrib, acku lxilaf gar-a-sen aẓar-is di tiẓri i sɛan ɣef sseba n uṭexer-nsen. Widak ẓran-t-id di ubadu n lmal, n u kapitalizm afinansi i yuɣal-d aderwic. D nuttni d inelmaden, d i petit-bourgeois, d taserkemt talemmast. Wigi voṭan-d ɣef Sanders.
Wiyaḍ, anemgal, ẓerrun d ixf nniḍen n ta globalizasyu tadamsant: lɣurba d u kosmopolitizm adelsan, am yiwet tamara. D wa d aẓar aquran n yal iṭanen-nsen (idemsanen daɣen). Iferranen-a, d iproliṭariyen, d ifellaḥen, d icomaren. Aṭas-nsen d igellilen. Yal-a-sen d imellalen. Wigi voṭan-d ɣef Trump.
Yal medden-a sɛan yiwet taɣawsa tesseǧmaɛ-ten: agami n ta globalizasyu. Nessawal aṭas ɣef yiwen erreẓ gar « tidɣarin » d « wagdud ». Ta dikotomya-a ur teshil-ara: D acu-t « tadɣert » ? D acu-t « agdud » ? Iwacu lxilaf gar-a-sen yemɣur di zman-nneɣ akter n di zmanen ig-ɛeddan ? D tiḍet kan, talast gar isin igrawen-a, d utseqsi ɣef ta globalizasyu, d u kosmopolitizm ig-yedda d-id-s.
Di ta globalizasyu, umeṛkanti yal imkanen d axxam-is, maca d umeɣbun ur yesɛi uxxam. A kosmopolitizm yelluled umaḍal ajdid, di taggara yelha i waṭas n medden: taneɣmast globe-trotter-nni i tečča-d di yiwen resṭuran ajaponi, i yesmekti-yas usikel-ines ɣer Tokyo, ssend ad-teddem ṭeyyara ɣur Beirut, anda ad-dru i yiwen lkolok ɣef « tafsut taɛrabt ». A trader-nni n ta City n London, uzɣin mgal u Brexit, i yetseqsi yiman-is ma ur yevɣa-ara ad-i-zenz ta villa-ines di Saint Tropez bac ad-yaɣ tiyaḍ di yilel Karaib. A golden boy azziri-nni i yexbeḍ iḍelli di Club des Pins, ssend ad-iruḥ ɣer tamaneɣt n ta metropol taqdimt, i ɣef yesɛa ta nasyonalite-ines. I yal medden-agi, ta globalizasyu tesɛa lxir, aṭas n lxir.
D acu kan, i wiyaḍ, d tadyant nniḍen: asruḥu n tnekkit i yefka-d u kosmopolitizm adelsan ur yessaweḍ-ara amhis n « uneldi ɣer ddunit » s ussikel ɣer Meksiko neɣ Bangkok. Akk-nni, asruḥu n lxedma ur yessaweḍ-ara amhis n isurdiyen nniḍen. Aɣelluy d uɣelluy, taneqqiṭ. Dɣa, mi teččur tbaqiṭ, teččur. Nesmenyif ad-nvoṭi ɣef yiwen umɣar ameɣlul milyarder, war tirmit tasertant, s tbiɛa dirit, wala ɣef tamgensast n u sistem akerhan-agi.
Donald Trump yesmures uqeddec awnaf-agi n tili d u kandida n uɣref n wadda. Netta i tudert-is ur yexdim, aked yesɛu akter igratsyelen ama ligan n baseball. Tura kan, yelzem-a-neɣ ur netettu-ara usekkil etno-rasyal n rrbeḥ-agi: ddaw yiwet lɣurba tispanikt d takatolikit yal wass tamuqrant akter, ayeẓrew belli i WASP imarikaniyen tmeḥsisen taẓayt-nsen tader di tmurt-a, i ttumnen dagla-nsen mebla beṭṭu. Medden-a voṭan-d yal-a-sen ɣef Trump, yiwen urgaz n lɛerc-nsen. Am xedmen iberkanen 4 iseggasen qbel aked Obama. Amzun ttaṛ amazray ɣef u kosmopolitizm.
Tatrarit taliberalit tenɣa-d tikti taɣaṛimt. Zman amiran, d zman n taneslalit n i warkayizm imeɣlalen. Arurad amk kra ttun-ten.
Nabil Kenana


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Taqbaylit teḍra-yas am win yettdeggiren aɣyul s adaynin ! Neɣ ahat am taǧǧalt-nni di taddart, walan-tt akk belli taɛra, yiwen ur yezmir ad yaẓ ad tt-yeṣṣer.
Adabu yeggul ad tt-yereẓ, ad tt-isenger, rnu ɣer-s imawlan n inelmaden aṭṭas i tt-yugin i tarwa-nsen, qqaren:” I wumi-tt tmaziɣt-agi? I wacu-tt tmaziɣt-agi?…”
ɣas llan kra kkaten nnig tezmert-nsen i wakken ad seɣtin i yimdanen belli, tutlayt tayemmatt tesɛa azal meqren, tesɛa aḥric meqren deg wumdan akked tmetti i deg la yettidir, maca drus.
Tamaziɣt yellan d tutlayt taɣelnawt , deg uɣarbaz sɣaren-tt am wakken d tutlayt tabaranit neɣ kter, qqaren-tt inelmaden seg useggas wis 4 d asawen. Ma yella d tutlayt yella d tabaranit ( tafransist ) sɣaren-tt deg useggas wis sin. Ma yella nuɣal-d ɣer tutlayt taɛrabt i yellan i yiqbayliyen d tutlayt tabaranit, ur iban ara yakk amek i la ttesɣaren ( bɣan ad tteseɣren d tutlayt tayemmatt nettat ur telli, ugin ad tteseɣren d tutlayt tabaranit, acku ulac tutlayt ur nesɛi imawlan, ur bɣin ara ad begnen belli iɛraben d ibaraniyen di tmurt n Lezzayer).
Aṭṭas n tutlayin i yellan di tmurt n Lezzayer, aṭṭas n yigduden i yellan di tmurt n Lezzayer. Yal agdud yekseb tutlayt-is neɣ tutlayin-is, yal agdud ilaq ad iɣer, ad yesɣer tutlayt-is tayemmatt, ɣer-s ad yernu tutlayin nniḍen.
Agdud aqbayli ilaq ad yewet ɣef teqbaylit ala taqbaylit, ur yezmir ara ad yili yimal n tmurt melba taqbaylit.
Akken yili nebɣa, neɣ akken yili nuẓ ɣer sdat mebla taqbaylit , yettuɣal d awexer ɣer deffir.
Irneten Murad


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Les forces de l’ordre passent à l’action
Près de 5 000 logements ont été squattés dans différentes localités de la wilaya de Tizi-Ouzou dans les nuits de jeudi à...
Mazal ur d-telli tifrat i uɣbel n ugudu
Akken i nella newwi-d fell-as ameslay, mazal tettidir tdayṛa n Yiɣil Ɛli aɣbel d ameqqṛan, ayagi imi ur sein ara amḍiq anda...
Temdel tiwwura-as teẓrigt tis 17
Ass n sed 30 di meɣres i tettwaseqqef teẓrigt tis 17 n tfaska taɣelnawt n tmedyazt tamaziɣt, i d-thegga tddukkla tadelsant....
Xemsa n yimukan n usteɛfu d yimraḥen n twaculin i yetturaǧun deg unnar
Tettwaḥsab tɣiwant n Arzew i d-yezgan deg tama n umalu n Wehran, i ibeɛden fell-as s 50 n KM, d yiwet n...
Ar melmi tifrat?
Yenna Crif Xeddam deg tezlit-is: “ Lezzayer ncalleh ad teḥluḍ, ad tuɣaleḍ am zik-nni ”. Aggur d nnefṣ segmi i d-yeqqers ugdud...
Tiwaɣiyin n ubrid
Mazal tiwaɣiyin n yiberdan, ḥeggsent tirwiḥin yal ass. Deg wazal n 07 wussan kan, gar 07 furar armi d 13 deg waggur-a...
D taggara n ddurt qessiḥen
Deg yiwen n wulɣu i aɣ-d-yewwḍen ussan-a kan sɣur Uḥuddu aɣarim n waɣir n Bgayet, yedda-d leḥsab n yineḍruyen d twaɣiyin i...
Tella-d taddart n At Ɛacur di ttiɛad
Mgaraden leqdicat swayes ttmagaren yimezdaɣ n tudrin tafsut. Akken kan ara yekcem meɣres, ad d-yeglu s yijeǧǧigen, ttcemmiren yimezdaɣ i yiɣallen akken...
Uɣalen yiberdan d amahi ɣef yinehhaṛen
Tessegra-d lehwa i d-yewten ussan yezrin axessar deg waṭas n yimeḍqan. Dɣa lemḍeṛṛa i d-iga ugeffur i d-yewten deg tefsut-a, ur t-nwala...
«Deg tegnatin-a i uriɣ ungal-iw…»
Akli Azwaw seg yimeɣnasen i iqedcen aṭas di tsusmi d tili. Ulama di Telmant i yedder, yeɛreḍ ad d-yawi amur-is i tsekla...


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Tezga-d tɣiwant n Ayt Smaɛel deg unẓul-asamar n waɣir n Bgayet, tebɛed fell-as s wazal n 65 n yikilumitr. Ar tura, werɛad teṭṭif tesnawit tamaynut Ḥusin Ayt Ḥmed abrid irekden segmi tettwaldi deg useggas n 2015. Ma nuɣal kan ɣer umḍiq i d-tḥella ilindi deg ukayad n BAC gar tesnawiyin n Bgayet, ad nwali amek mazal d adday uswir-is. Imir-nni dɣa, deg usesmel n tesnawiyin inuḥen di Bgayet, nettat tezga-d gar setta n yimeḍqan ineggura. Tura akka s unemhal d amaynut, mi d-yettqarab ukayad n Bakalurya, yella unezgum d ageɛmir ɣur yibabaten d tyemmatin n warrac, ma ad siwḍen tarwa-nsen ad smurrsen neɣ uhu. Abeɛda imi ẓran yakk amek iga waddad amiran n tesnawit-a d wansi d-tɛedda ayyuren-a yezrin. Ad d-nemmeslay tazwara ɣef usunded i xeddmen seg tikkelt ɣer tayeḍ yinelmaden, ttagin ad yekcem yiwen. Ula d anemhal, qrib i-wwiten yiwen n ubrid mi d-iger iman-is ad yefru taluft ɣer tuɣalin ɣer tneɣrit. Tikwal am wakken bɣan yinelmaden inubiyen, ad d-ḥettmen nutni asaḍuf-nsen ɣef tenmehla n usɣur-a aɣurbiz d yimawlan. Si tama-nniḍen, ɣef leḥsab n teɣbalut-nneɣ, tikli i d-ttawin din kra n yinelmaden taggara-a mačči d tin yessefraḥen. Ula d tihyufin yekker wawal deg yakk tiɣemmar n tɣiwant belli ttwawfent ɣur yiwet n tnelmadt daxel tesnawit-a gedged, war ma tban-d teɣbalut.
D ayen i yeǧǧan imawlan, rnan anezgum ɣef tarwa-nsen i ugaden ad ttwaṭṭfen deg tqeffet-a tamihant, deg wakud ideg yewwi-d fell-asen ad d-lhun d tɣuri-nsen, ad kemmlen s wudem yelhan lebni n yimal-nsen. «Nesɛa akken ma nella nnuba ad tt-nurar akken ad d-nefk udem yelhan i tesnawit-nneɣ. Ad tebdu seg yinelmaden s timmad-nsen, seg yimawlan, armi d tanmehla n tesnawit-a d yimḍebbren n tɣiwant», i aɣ-d-yenna yiwen n ubabat seg Ayt Smaɛel.
M. K.


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Mebɛed n yiwet n tallit taberkant ideg yesbek deg-s leqdic adelsan deg tɣiwant n Ait Aissa Mimoun, ulamma yettili-d leqdic sya ɣer da sɣur kra n tdukla, maca si tegnit ɣer tayeḍ kan; yennayer, 20 yebrir…atg, tineggura-agi, yennerna cwiṭ umussu asddukklan deg tɣiwant-agi, dayen i d-yeglan s tuɣalin n leqdicat idelasen d wid n waddal ɣer unnar. Yal tiddukkla i d-yernan, tewwi-d yid-s amaynut deg wahil-is, ama tinna n waddal n taddart n Ighil Bouchene neɣ tinna n taddart n Tahanouts, ama d tinna n yidles n tɣiwant n Ait Aissa Mimoun. Dɣa i lmend n waggur-agi n Remḍan, yetturaǧu ad yili wahil d anesbaɣur sɣur umussu asddukklan n tama-a.
Ahil n tddukkla tadelsant “Imnar n Tdukli”
D tiddukkla tadelsant “Imnar n Tdukli” n Ait Aissa Mimoun, i yeldin ahil n waggur-agi n Remḍan s usuddes n yisaragen ɣef yisental yemgaraden. Dɣa sendiḍelli n ssebt, 11 maggu 2019, yella-d usarag amezwaru n tddukkla-a, iga-t-id Mass Adaoun Yacine, d amussnaw n tnefsit n umdan. Yewwi-d awal s telqay ɣef unegmu udmawan (Dévelopement personnel) n umdan d wamek ilaq ad yili deg tmetti ladɣa assaɣen-is d yimdanen. Am wakken daɣen i d-yemmeslay ɣef wazal tesɛa teflest n yiman deg tudert n umdan, d wamek i ilaq ad imager umdan uguren n tmetti. D asarag amenzu i d-thegga tddukkla-a deg waggur-agi n Remḍan, yella-d ɣef 21h30 n yiḍ deg usɣim n Waggur Azeggaɣ Azzayri (CRA) n Ait Aissa Mimoun. Yenna-d deg-s umsireg: “Ma neqqar-as kan i wallaɣ-nneɣ ur nessin ara, ur nezmir ara, ad yuɣal ad yamen s yir tikta-agi ur nṣeḥḥa ara…”.
Ikemmel daɣen, yenna-d belli : “Tafelsafit n yiman, d amdan i ilaqen ad tt-id-yexlaq i yiman-is, ad yamen s tɣara n wayen yellan deg-s d wamek iga”. Mi yessuli awal-is, yella-d uskasi sɣur wid yellan deg tzeqqa-nni, yezzi wawal deg-s ɣef waṭas n temsal i d-yeqqnen ɣef usentel-a “Ilaq ad tidireḍ tudert, i ak-id-yettakken tahregt (inspiration)” i yefren Mass Adaoun Yacine ad yili d azwel n usarag-agi-ines. Am wakken daɣen yetturaǧu ad d-ilin sin n yisaragen-nniḍen, yiwen ass n, 17 maggu 2019, ara d-yawin awal ɣef unagraw swayes teddes tmurt n Leqbayel. Ma d aneggaru, ad yili ass, 30 maggu 2019, ɣef waṭṭan n lkenṣir, am wakken daɣen i ittkemmil uheggi n tesfugla ara yettwaxdamen i lfaya n yigerdan ara yettwaḍehren deg wussan i d-iteddun.
Tameɣra n ccna deg taddart n Tahanouts
I lmend n tallit-agi n Remḍan, iɛeggalen n tddukkla n twennaḍt “Amgud” d wid n tddukkla n waddal n taddart n Tahanouts, yetabaɛen ɣer tɣiwant n Ait Aissa Mimoun, heggan-d yiwet n tmeɣra n ccna meqqren. Ula ilmeẓyen n taddart-agi fkan-d afus n tallelt, i wakken ad tili tmeɣra-agi, yetturaǧun ad tili ass n lexmis, 16 mayyu 2019. Ɛlaḥsab n yimsuddsen n leqdic-a, ad tebdu tmeɣra-agi ɣef 22h00 n yiḍ alamma d ṣṣḥur. Ad tili deg umkan ideg i d-tella tinna ixedmen yakan deg useggas n 2017, deg umkan iwumi qqaren Ighil Badhou, tama n unnar n Sidi Slimane. Yetturaǧu, ad ccnun deg-s ma drus 10 n yicennayen ilmeẓyen n taddart-agi n Tahanouts, am wakken daɣen ara tettunefk tegnit i tmenna n yisefra sɣur yimedyazen n taddart-agi dimma. Ɣer tama n leqdicat-nniḍen i izemren ad ilin deg tmeɣra-agi n ccna.
Asarag n ugraw CRAPES n Aït Aissa Mimoun
Am wakken i t-id-ṛeggmen yiɛeggalen n umazday n tedmi d tesleḍt tasertant d tdamsant akked tmettit (CRAPES) n tɣiwant n Ait Aissa Mimoun, i d-ilulen ussan-agi kan ineggura, ad yili leqdic-nsen deg unnar. Tigawt-nsen tamezwarut i yetturaǧun ad tili, d asarag ɣef unegmu idumen s umata d win n tɣiwant n Ait Aissa Mimoun s wuzzig. Am wakken daɣen ara d-yili deg-s umeslay ɣef tdamsa akked twennaḍt d wamek i ilaq ad yeddu umdan deg tudert-is n yal-is. Yetturaǧu diɣ ad tettunefk tegnit i tnagiyin n wid yesɛan tirmit deg uḥric-agi n twennaḍt d wayen i d-icudden ɣur-s, gar-asen afran n yiḍuman…atg. Ad yili usarag-agi, ɣef 21h30 n yiḍ deg uɣerbaz amenzu « Hachemi et fils » n taddart n Tahanouts.
D Mass Arezki Chenane akked uduktur Touat ara yilin d imsirgen. Am wakken daɣen i yetturaǧu ad ilin yirmad-nniḍen deg unnar sya ɣer sdat s yisem n ugraw-agi. Ad d-nesmekti kan belli leqdic-a ad yili s tallelt n tddukkla tadelsant « Imnar n Tdukli » n Ait Aissa Mimoun. Ɣer taggara, yetturaǧu ad yili leqdic anaddal sɣur Ugraw n waddal n taddart n Ighil Bouchene. D timlilit ara d-yilin ass n, 17 maggu deg uɣerbaz amenzu n taddart n Tahanouts, anda yetturaǧu umerẓi gar ddeqs n trebbuyaɛ n kra n ṣṣenf n waddal.
Gh. A.


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Tabrat i Yemma Guraya
Isem-iw ur yesɛi ara azal. Ur ẓriɣ ma d tilemẓit neɣ d tamɣart.
Ur ɣriɣ ur xedmeɣ. Ur ẓriɣ ma d iḥeckulen i yeččiɣ neɣ d deɛwessu i yewwiɣ. Seg wasmi i d-luleɣ, ur friḥeɣ ula dqiqa.
Asmi d-luleɣ, imawlan-iw rfan axaṭer d aqcic ay bɣan. Asmi kečmeɣ s aɣerbaz, iselmaden nnan-d uɣal s axxam imi ur teḥriceḍ ara, agemmay yugi ad yekčem s allaɣ-im ma yella kan ad nessexdem imenqaren !
Asmi wdeɣ ɣer tizi n zzwaj, inexdaben ur d ruḥen ara, nnan-d ur tuzyineḍ ara, imawlan-iw ur yi-iḥemmelen-ara, urǧin i yi-d-fkan ula d taḥlawant, urǧin i ḥulfaɣ s leḥnana n baba neɣ n yemma, ssnen kan ad yi-sqedcen deg ssbeḥ armi tameddit. Ula d tufɣa ur zmirreɣ ara ad fɣeɣ am nekk am tizyiwin-iw.
kerheɣ axxam, yuɣal iyi am lḥebs. Ur uffiɣ yiwen ar yidis-iw ad ayiɛiwen, ad iyi fhem, ad yiḥnin ɣuri. Dɛiɣ Rebbi s wul yeṣfan, yugi ay id isel neɣ ayid iwali.
Ala kemm id yeqqimen a Yemma Guraya. Sarameɣ ur d teziḍara aɛrur-im i tiɣri- inu axater d kemm id assirem-iw aneggaru. Ttxilem a Yemma Guraya taɛzizt, ur yi-ttaǧa ara.
Sghur Hemmar Bussaed


text:
Abrid n uzaYar icuden ger tYiwant n Wizgan d tama n Bubhir yetabaeen taYiwant n Yillulen Umalu, yettidir uggur meqren deg ass-mi ideg yeldi aseggas n 2008 ar ass-a, sebba lexṣas n teplakin uwellah (Plaque de signalisation), imi abrid-agi ttawint aṭas n yemsebriden n temnaḍin yemgaraden, xarṣum imezdaY n bgayet, imi abrid-agi ur-yezzi ara, yeqreb i ueeddi, icud ger Wizgan srid Yer Tizi-Wezzu. Imsebriden ttafen-d yal ass ugguren meqren, imi abrid-agi yuear i ueeddi xarṣum wid ur t-ssinen-ara, sebba imi gten aṭas n les virages yerna deyqen, dayen id-igellun s waṭas n twuYa ibardan acḥal d tikkelt. Akken daYen i ttcetkin yemsebriden yettawin abrid-agi uzaYar, Yef lexṣas usefreg i tqendart n wasif uzaYar, imi acḥal d yiwen i yeflen Yer s daxel-is, u dayen i izemren ad-yeglu s lexṣara di tarwiḥin n yemdanen. Γef aya imsebriden-agi suturen deg yemḍebren taena temsalt, Yef qaru-s tamahla n uṣiweḍ n lwilaya n Tiz-Wezzu akken ad-gren imman-nsen Yef zik lḥal, i usbedi n teplakin uwellah (plaque de signalisation) i uḥareb Yef tarwiḥin n yemdanen.
Islam Bessaci


text:
Azunmenẓaw n Lhend
Azunmenẓaw n Lhend (S Thendayt: भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप), (S Urdu: برصغير) d amur n wakan meqqren deg umenẓaw n Asya tettawi timura yellan deg Tafilt tatektunt n Lhend am: Bingladic, Pakistan, Lhend, Butan, Nipal akk d tegzirin id yezzin am Sri Lanka d Maldiv.
Tama tasnamurt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Azunmenzaw n Lhend d akal id yezgan si tama n wadda n idurar n Himalaya akk d agni n Tibit, Deg tama n uneẓẓul yezzi-yas-d ugaraw amelwi, Seg umalu ilel aɛrab.
Imezdaɣ[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Azal n 1,700,000,000 n ifganen ttidiren deg azunmenẓaw n Lhend, gar-asen ugar n 65% ttidiren deg Lhend, Ttmeslayen aṭas n tutlayin (ugar n 1000).


text:
Tacckart inu a tacckart inu tacckart inu a tasmunt inu illa gim ulug ula adlis tlla gim tghda ar tsnum iDrfan ula tisfDin ar tsfuD ibrcman kmmin a tasrramt srum ikrrajm ikrrajn n iklan klu-w-at acnyal gat as azggwagh titrit adali ...
Akccum n innayr s ufugh n ujddig a tizzwa Di amt anfrad ad yasi asafar gh uzmz ad mmimn ajddig zund iDuDan gh ufus ad lli nw igh irzm ifk tujjut tawD g isn tzwit...
Yan sin kraD nikkin digh s tinml Kkuz smus sDis ar akkw gis tlmadgh Sa tam tza sngh ad taragh Yan sin kraD ...
immi nu a y-immi nu tastwat gh ils inu immi nu a y-immi nu tastwat gh wul inu immi nu a y-immi nu tastwat gh tasa nu immi nu a y-immi nu kmmin ad iyi yurun...
Ar dids tzi tmghart nns, ar as ttini: igh giwrgh gh ugdud n tmgharin, kun yat gisnt ar tsawal, ar ttini: inna wingh gh uxrbic!iskr wingh mkad, mkad !inna wingh: mkad, mkad gh uxrbic!imma kyyin ujjun iyi tnnit nnigh gh uxrbic!ujjun iyi tiwit inghmisn n uxrbic!ujjun asn tnnit ula nnan ak!is ka gig skrn wa d asn ittgan i takat !gn ifaddn s takat ar rqqan!dlhn i taqqurt !kyyin ur ar d ttawit bla alln bzgnin d tugt n imzan gh uqccab d uslham nk! is iyi tfart kra igat ass awigh aqccab nk s usggwrd, ar t gis tggwagh !ghik s t bbigh s uzduz...


text:
Mondrainville
Mondrainville a zo ur gumun eus departamant Calvados e Bro-C'hall.
Taolenn
Istor[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
XXvet kantved[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
- Eil brezel-bed, miz Even 1944: dieubet e voe Mondrainville e dibenn ar miz gant lu ar Rouantelezh-Unanet; anvet eo skol ar gumun diwar daou Gembread, Tom Griffiths ha Dave Edwards, hag a gemeras perzh en dieubidigezh; lazhet e voe pevar den nann-soudard e Mondrainville, tri anezhe gant tennoù kanol hag unan gant ur vombezadeg [1].
Monumantoù ha traoù heverk[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
- Iliz katolik Sant Denez, XIIIvet-XIVvet kantved [2].
Douaroniezh[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Emdroadur ar boblañs 1962-2008[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Niver a annezidi


text:
TAMURT – Uqbel anekcum n Fransa ɣer tefriqt n ugafa, llan yiguduen ttidirien di tmura iman-nsent: Iqbayliyen s tmurt-nsen, Icawiyen s tmurt-nsen… yal agdud amaziɣ s tmurt-is. Igduden-a ddakalen kan mi ara yili ṭṭrad, wama di teswiɛt n lisser yal yiwen yessen tamurt-ines iman-is.
Tekcem-d Fransa ar tefriqt n ugafa aseggas n 1830, teṭṭef aṭas n temnaḍin, meɛna tamurt n Leqbayel ur tekcim ara ɣur-s armi d aseggas n 1857 axaṭer temlal-d aṭas n ṭṭradat akked tmurt-a yettḥaraben ɣef wakal-is. Seg useggas-nni (24 di yunyu 1857) d asawen, tamurt taqbaylit teɣli gar ifassen n Irumiyen.
Ass n 14 di Tubeṛ 1839 tettwaxleq-d tmurt n Lezzayer s ufus n Fransa, tesbedd tadbelt-is yerna terra-d tilisa-ines i d-mazal armi d ass-a. Tilisa n tmura n Lezzayer n wass-a ur llint ara yerna ur ttwassnent ara uqbel 1839, axaṭer uqbel yal agdud n tefriqt n ugafa yettidir di tmurt-is iman-is. Deg useggas-a n 1839 tamurt n Fransa tger tammurt n Leqbayel zdaxel n Lezzayer ɣas kan uqbel tella d tamurt iman-is.
Tamurt n Leqbayel i terna Fransa ar Lezzayer tennuɣ akked d « kra » n Izzayriyen-nniḍen i wakken ad suffɣen Fransa. Sawḍen suffɣen-tt deg useggas n 1962, meɛna seg useggas-nni teqqim kan tmurt n Leqbayel d taklit ddaw n uzaglu axaṭer “ teffeɣ Fransa, tekcem-d Lezzayer”.
Ar wass-a ɛeddan 161 d aseggas segmi tamurt n Leqbayel mazal-itt ddaw n uzaglu. Mazal agdud-is yessaram tilelli-s i wakken ad yebnu tamurt-is ara ixedmen ɣef arraw-iw. Axaṭer tamurt taqbaylit tuklal ad tili d tamurt am tmura-nniḍen yesɛa ad tesɛu amkan-is gar-asent.
Amaziɣ Aweɣlis


text: Song: thandhana thamdhana Film: Pudhiya vaarppugal Notes: s r2 g2 m2 p d1 n2 S thandhana thamdhana thaalam varum pudhu raagam varum mp p p p p p m p g r s r g p r s adhil sandhana malligai vaasam varum sr g p g r g r rs s s s manamaalai varum subhavaelai varum s r g p m d p n d S n R mananaal thirunaal pudhunaal unai azhaiththadhu S G R n R S d S n dp mp d n (thamdhana) Stanza : sillena melliya thenralum vandhisai solliyadhu nS S S nS S S nS S S nS S S S R S Sn suvai alliyadhu manam nillena solliyum thulliyadhu n R R G S Sn n R R G S Sn R G SRS S S S penmanam poovilum melliyadhu thavikkum ninaivoa enaik killiyadhu S R G M G R Sn S R RG n S SR d n nS pd pm p d p malligai mullaiyil panjanaiyoa mannavan thandhanan nenjanaiyoa gp p p pn d d dS n n dn g g g m m p pn d d d minniya minnalum kanniyin ennangaloa ini kanavugal thodarndhida p p p pn d d dS n n nRS S GSG RS n R S n d p d n (thamdhana)


text:
Dda Saɛid : Ameɛdur d win yettagaden
Dda Saɛid ḤAMUM, ilul deg useggas n 1956 di taddart n At wizgan. Asmi yesɛa sin n yiseggasen di leɛmer-ines, yeɣli ɣer lkanun, times tečča allen-is, tes-sedrɣel-it. Xas ma tadyant i as-yeḍran qerriḥet, Dda Saɛid ur yebri ara i ṭṭbel deg waman, ur yerr ara iman-is deg-idis di tmetti ideg yettidir.
Yekker- d am yilmeẓyen n taddart-is, ileḥḥu, yetturar, yettḥewwis, am tizya-s, am winna akken yettwalin. Aṭas n imahilen yexdem iwaken ad yessasi aɣrum-is. Dda saɛid yezweǧ, yesɛa kraḍ warrac akked teqcict.
Di tazwara, yesbedd tadabut di tiɣiwant n Buzgan, anda yella yeznuzuy duxxan, cemma, kaw-kaw… yuɣal yessuli taḥanut di taddart-is anda yella yeznuzuy isufar n wučči, alarmi d asmi d-yufa axeddim deg yiwet n tkebbanit yessexdamen imdanen ixussen deg usekkud. Dinna, Dda Saɛid yelmed amek ara yexdem imedwasen, dinna daɣen i yegza amennuɣ ɣef yizerfan n yimeɛdar.
Xas akken ur yeɣri ara deg uɣerbaz, maca tessɣer-it ddunit, yelmed si tilufa i as-yezzin, tid-nni yurzen tudert-is, yettmeyyiz, yettxemmim am yimusnawen imeqranen yecban amaru mechuren aṭas  >, id yennan deg wawal-is:  >. Yezri wakud, Dda Saɛid, simmal yettaẓ ɣer sdat, xas ma uguren zzin-as, maca yessbur tabɣest n yizem, yezga laman s idisan-is. Asmi iwala lbaṭel iɛedda tilas ɣef yimeɛdar, yesslul-d tiddukla n yimeɛdar, yefka-as isem n  >, iswi n tiddukla-a d amennuɣ n yal ass ɣef izerfan n imeɛdar sumata. Di tazwara, tiddukla-agi tettɛawan imeɛdar s kra n tɣawsiwin, am tiɛewzin, tifersuda, isufar n wučči..
Ass-a,tiddukliwin nniḍen ttmettatent, kra dayen mmutent, ma d tiddukla n Dda Saɛid mazal-itt tedder, tessewhem imdanen. Xas ma ḥercaw-it wussan maca tiddukla tedder d wussan, tessawed ass-a, teldi aɣerbaz anda ara sselmaden imeɛdar. Aya akk dayen yeǧǧan aselway-is ad yuɣal d amedya di tmurt n Leqbayel.
Sghur Hemmar Bussaed


text:
Aɣelsan
Asellek inek ad ittusesfer sɣuṛ Stripe (i tkaṛḍiwin n usmad/aktum) neɣ Paypal udiɣ ad teqqim lǧeṛṛa n tewsa-yinek di Mozilla. Nezmer ad ak-d-nerr idrimen si sya ar aseggas deffir usesfer n tewsa-ik. Iberdan nniḍen n umuddu: Asureg di lbanka neɣ SEPA | Cik
Ugur akken ad tmuddeḍ tawsa ? Ddu ɣer FAQ nneɣ akken ad tafeḍ tiririt ɣef isteqsiyen yettwasnen. Ulac tiririt ? Azen-aɣ-d imayl.
Tiwsiwin ad ttwa ḥerzent kan i tesbeddit Mozilla, tuddsa 501 (c)(3) i d-yezgan di Mountain View, California, daɣen ad tettwaseqdec i uxeddim-nniḍen n uɛawen. Ad ttwakksent seg tebzert di Marikan akken yella usaḍuf.


text:
IMEČČA N TIRRGIN .
Γwebbzen ikrafen n Tilelli (mayyu 1994) kigan n imezdaɣ n Tfilalt g tawda taberkant. Ajenwi n gar-taɣdemt (injustice) isul ittemra i medden ger tuyat. Urmen seg ibniqen d waccad n tenbaṭ taderɣalt. Ikrafen slellin awed kigan yaḍen seg tawda, Sbeɣsen-ten, fken-asen afud.
Ikrafen n Mayyu ayed d-issenkren Muḥa Waknin, anelmad g tesdawit n Tadawt N Uferdu (Fas), seg unuddem-nnes. Reẓmen-as allen ɣef tmust-nnes ittukrafen d yiles-nnes igerden. Ammi as d-tessenker tedyant (affaire) n Tilelli afriwen. Yiwt tnekra ayed tga tebɣest-nnes, tbedd.
Iddeɣ d-yaɣul Muḥa ɣer iɣrem-nnes, Tizi n Wuzzal, g unẓul, iddem ar d-isduy imezdaɣ, ar asen isawal ɣef izerfan-nnsen d ɣef umentil n Tilelli. Yamu g imeɣnasen imezwura mi ttinin g Tfilalt : « Ayt Wazzul.»
Uɣul n Muḥa d ikrafen n Tilelli mgaren-d ninti d umlala-nnes (n Muḥa) d Bassu Tiskett, yan unezbay awessar ikkan akw iniɣan n Waṭlas d winin Uruppa g iseggwasen n 1940. Bassu yaɣul-d ɣer iɣrem-nnes, Mm Umersiḍ, g issarem ad immet, maka yufa-d imezdaɣ-nnes ffɣen-t. Ur issin mani kkan. Therḍ-tten yat teṛmist (entreprise) n umexzen asen yukren aman n uɣbalu n yiɣrem-nnsen.
Ger Muḥa mi itkar wul s usirem d Bassu itnadan imezdaɣ n iɣrem-nnes, temmɣid yat tiddukla taxatart.
Adlis-ddeɣ d-tarezzift i winna akw yurmen tirrgin d usselku n tenbaṭ.
Aruɣ ungal-ddeɣ g iseggwasen 1996 d 1997, alseɣ-as diɣ tirra g 2015. Kigan n iberyan seg udlis kkan ffɣen-d g tesɣunt TIZIRI n Tmesmunt N Imaziɣen (Bruksil / Iseggwasen n 1999/2000), ddaw uzwel n « Igujilen n wawal ».
Imečča n Tirrgin, Tiẓrigin Azag N Wuccen, Lil, 2017.
Le Livre en PDF/ Adlis s PDF :


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Tirni n yiɣallen inemlayen FFS , d asirem, d tifrat yettwaṭerfen.
Assegas kan seld timunent n lezzayer, amennuɣ yella-d war tufra gar yimḍebren-is. Sdat n taɣert n uqerru n uselway ilemẓi, kra n yiɛeggalen n lwilayat (III d VI ) begsen-d ad ɛerḍen ad xedmen ayen iwatan akken ad qeɛden lecɣald tlufa. Snulfan-d akabar d amaynut, win ara yilin ireṣṣa ɣef tlelli d tugdut .
Tuget n yimaɣnasen n ukabar-a, d wid i d-yekren deg yirebbi n umussu aɣelnaw, uktuyen-is twarefden-d seg ugenna n wunbir d tɣerɣert n summam. Akabar ad yili d tallelt n umennuɣ s wudem aɛafi akken ad ḥarben anɣal-a i d-yeḍran mgal tifratin d yiswiyen n tegrawla d tmunent n tmurt. Tigawt tagdudant d tin i ɣef llan ɣer yidis-is aṭas n wudmawen ama d iserdasen, ama d isertiyen, gar-asen ; Ɛli Mesili ( MALG), l’colonel Moḥand ulḥaǧ aqerru aneggaru n lwilaya III, Lexder Buregɛa l’commandant n lwilaya VI. Akken llan daɣen aṭas n yimaɣnasen d yimjuhad ur neqbil ara lbaṭel i deg i d-yegra ugdud azzayri di tmunent-is.
Ass n 28 ctember 1963, ameɣnas ameqqran Lḥusin Ait Aḥmed seld aṭṭixer-is seg tesqamut taɣelnawt, yemlal akked yimeddukal irefden turda-s deg uxxam aqbur n tɣiwant n ɛin lḥamam. D anejmuɛ amenzu n umussu-a, send taseyrut-ines tazayezt. Ass n 29 ctember 1963 deg yiwen n unejmuɛ aɣerfan di tizi wezzu, ddaw n leɛnaya n yiserdasen n l’colonel muḥand ulḥaǧ ,iberreḥ-d i wegdud taseyrut tunsibt n tlalit n ukabar n TIRNI N YIƔALLEN INEMLAYEN (FFS). Iswi n ukabar ad isbed awanek amagday ametti. Awanek azerfan. Tiɣri daɣen i tesqamut n usebded. Tadukli n yiɣerfan n tmurt n tmazɣa. Akabar Ilul-d zun d aɣwas n tnekra mgal adabu anesbadu n Ben Bella d Boumediene. Tirni n yiɣallen inemlayen (FFS ), d akabar amezwaru i yesɛan tireṣṣi n yimeɣnasen akked tsemtiwt talqayant n tmunent n lezzayer. Di tama n metiǧa l’colonnel Sadek akked l’commandant Buregɛa, tuɣ bdan sbadiden tirebuyaɛ timenza n tmagla. Tirebuyaɛ-a ɛemrent s tuget s yimjahden iqburen yettberran seg ubrid i d-yewwi Ben Bella d terbaɛt-is. Syin Ben Bella d Boumediene cegɛen-d taredsa ( iserdasen) ɣer tmurt n leqbayel deg ussan imenza n waggur n tuber.
Ugtent tlufa, tella-d lmut, ɣlin yirgazen si yal tama. Seld taluft n lmaroc, tagara n tuber 1963 bdant tastagin timezwura gar iɛeggalen n FFS akked Ben Bella. Adabu yebrad i kra n yinekraf d yimeɣnasen isertiyen yettwaḥebsen. Ass n 14 tuber 1964 sdat n tigzirt lḥusin Ait Aḥmed yemneɛ deg yiwet n txezzabit i as-d-ihegga udabu, tuɣ dinna i yeɣli umaru-ines. Tlata n wussan seld taluft-a yettwaṭṭef akked umeddakel-is Ɛli Msili di tama n Swama3-Tizi-wezzu. Azekkuya aɣmis n Alger Republicain yezwel-d « Taredsa teṭṭef-d axanab Ait Aḥmed ». Aqerru n tirni n yiɣallen inemlayen yettwaḥbas di lambis, syin ɣer lḥebs n lḥerrac. Si texxamt n lḥebs Ait Aḥmed yezga yettak-d iwellihen i yimeɣnasen-is. Si tama-nniḍen Ben Bella yebda yettcetkay ɣef tiɣuyebt n Bumedienne. Iḥulfa s lḥerṣ d wuguren it id-iteddun.
Ɣef waya tarbaɛt-is tqerreb-d imeɣnasen n Tirni n yiɣallen inemlayen di Paris akken ad affen kra n tifrat. Ass n 16 yunyu 1965 yeffeɣ-d yiwen n wulɣu (FFS-FLN) deg tɣamsa, amsefhem yella-d ɣef tneqqiḍin-a; “ Aḥebbus n rṣaṣ d umennuɣ- Wid yeɣlin di traḍ-a, tiwaculin-nsen ad twiɣerment- Imeɣnasen n FFS ad asen-yuɣal yiseɣ d ccan d igrawliwen n ALN- Tilelli i kra n umeɣnas d userti yettwaṭfen ɣer lḥebs.
Ass n 19 yunyu 1965 Bumedien yenneqlab ɣef Ben Bella yesseɣlit. Yesbed iman-is d aselway ɣef lezzayer s leḥkem aɛessekri. Werǧin yeqbel ad d-ress leḥna d talwit gar yizzayriyen. Ait Ahmed yerwel si lḥebs, yuɣal d lmenfi , d imneǧli. Si tmurt n lberrani yettkemmil amennuɣ-is asertan ɣef tugdut d tlelli i ugdud azzayri. Deg useggas 1980 yefreḥ s yimeɣnasen ilemẓiyen n tmurt n leqbayel i irefden amennuɣ n yimenza mgal adabu amesbaḍli. D tafsut n yimaziɣen , tafsut n 80. Si tmurt n lberrani ibeyyen-d lɣiḍ-is mgal timḥarṣi i d-yellan ɣef yilemẓiyen n tmurt n leqbayel yessuturen izerfan-nsen d tugdut. Ass n 24 yebrir 1980 iban-d deg france 2 anida i d-yenna belli yennebhat, yeḥzen, yebberwi s twaɣit-a, mi akka maren-d yidamen n warrac-nneɣ. Ilemẓiyen twaḥebsen, rnu imeyyaten n yixeddamen d yinelmaden yeččuren sbiṭarat.
Tazɣent d tin yesɛan iẓuran lqayen gar Ait Aḥmed d Ben Bella. Uguren bdan seg tezɣent tamaziɣt deg 1949, tkemmel akken seg 1954, 1956, almi d 1962. Dɣa seg wasmi yeqqar Ben Bella d maṣer i aɣ-ixedmen tagrawla, mačči d izzayriyen, tuɣ din akk ya ay ikemmel ucerriy. Ait Aḥmed ɣas sneǧlant, maca werǧin yebra i umennuɣ. Ma drus n tifratin i d-yewwi, i d-yefka akken ad teffeɣ tmurt-nneɣ ɣer lber n laman. Lwexda ulac wara as-d-yeslen. Seg temlilit-nni akked Ben Bella di London deg useggas 1985, tuɣalin-is ar tmurt deg duǧember 1989, tikli n Tirni n yiɣallen inemlayen (FFS) ass n 02 yennayer 1992, anida i d-yenna xaṭi i unamek apulisi, xaṭi i tegduda tineslemt. Timlilit n saint Egidio 1995, tabrat i yiserdasen imeqqranen…Taneggarut d tiɣri ar umtawa aɣelnaw aɣerfan seg 2013 ar ass-a. Sdat n waya, anwa, azzayri aserti, aɛessekri, ameɣnas, amusnaw, ara d-yekren ass-a ad yini belli Dda lḥusin d yimeɣnasen n FFS ur d-fkin ara turda, neɣ ur d-wwin ara tifratin i tezɣent d wuguren n tmurt? Tirni n yiɣallen inemlayen (FFS) aṭas n takkayin ɣef wacu i d-iɛedda. Yal tikelt inecced-d tifratin iwulmen,yernu d tidak yessufuɣen. Dayen i t-yerran d lǧehd n yisumar. FFS d asirem n ugdud azzayri, d akemmel n umennuɣ n yimeɣraṣen yeɣlin deg unnar n lḥerma iwakken ad tidir lezzayer di lehna d talwit. Taneggarut ad d-nini kan, awah izzayriyen rran-d i tiɣri n FFS, tili tin n wass-a ur netmeslay ara ɣef udabu amesbaḍli. Tili ass-a ad nili am yiɣerfan yufraren deg umaḍal. Aɣref ur nessin amezruy-is, ur nesɛi leqraya yelhan, ur nesɛi tafellaḥt yelhan, d acu ara d yefɣen deg-s. Deg useggas 2011 Dda lḥusin yejbed iman-is ɣef tsertit i lmend n wuguren n tezmert. Yeǧǧa-d akabar d azamul n tmagla taɛafit d tugdut gar yifasen n yimeɣnasen-is. Tajmilt ara as-nerr i umeɣnas-a ameqqran n lḥerma d talwit, d akemmel umennuɣ-is d ubrid i d-yenǧer i treṣṣi n uwanek azerfan. Dda lḥusin yewweḍ leɛfu n rebbi ass n 23 duǧember 2015. Ass n temṭel-is 01 yennayer 2016 d tamesbanit. Ulac tamnaḍt di tmurt neɣ berra i tmurt anisa ur d-usin ara. Annect-a d tajmilt i as-d rran ɣef wayen i d-yefka di tudert-is. Dda lḥusin iɣsan-ik di lǧennet, steɛfu di talwit.
Karim Sɛawi.


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Mixayel Aleksandrubicc Bakunin
Mixayel Aleksandrubicc Bakunin (s trusit Mиxaил AлekcaHдpoBич БakyHиH), imi qqaren tikwal Michel Bakounine, illul ass 30 di mayu 1814 di Primuxino, di tmurt n Rrus, imut ass amenzu di yulyu usseggass n 1876 di Bern, tamurt n Sswis d afilusuf awernaḍ (anarchiste). Acḥal d asseggas d Pierre-Joseph Proudhon illa-d d tala-s n tikta.
Ass-mi idder di Mosku d Saint-Petersburg illa issuqul-d imarayen ilamniyen am Hegel d Fichte ar trusit. Di 1842, yusa ar tmurt n Lalman u si imi iwweḍ imlal n ilmeẓyen inelmayen n tmurt n llalmen di Berlin. Syin, idda ar Fransa anda imlal d Proudhon d George Sand u issen-d daɣen imnejla n tmurt Polonya. Si Paris, iruḥ ar tmurt n Swiss anda izdaɣ kra iseggasen u anda ikki u igar tamawt ama s tiga am tikti d ṭaqa n imussuten inelmayen.
Ass-mi akka I illa izdeɣ di tmurt n Swiss, anabaḍ n tmurt-a ira a t-isqarqer ar tmurt-is, tamurt n Russ. Bakunin yugi. U tigin-a ines tessassa as-d tukwsa n wayen isɛa, ama d axxam ama d ayen nniḍen. Di 1848, di tuɣalin-ines ar Paris, yura kra n wawalen d imsarɣiyen mgal tamurt n Rrus u dgha anect-a iwwi yas-d tufɣa si tmurt n Fransa, ittwaqerqer-d seg-s.
Amussu agrawliw n 1848 ifka yas abrid s wayes ikcem ar gar kra n trebbuɛa ifetlen arway d tektiwin ɣef tugdut. Ikki deg umennuɣ n Dresde n 1849 u dinna dɣa I ittwarez, “taɣdemt” teddem fell-as tamgart, u ittwarez “ar laxart”. Fkan-t, neɣ rran-t, s ifassen ttwaqnen, I udabu n tmurt n Rrus, win izemmemen fell-as tawwurt n tazult u I t-yuznen, kra issegwassen s yin, ar lka n usemmar n Siberya deg useggas n 1855.
Deg useggas n 1861, deg yiwen n ttriḥ i s-fkan I kra n wussan irwel ar tmurt n Japon, d Iwunak Idduklen u tagara ar tmurt n Lingliz. S yin idder akw tudart-is di Turuft, ladɣa di tmurt n Sswis. Di 1869 issali yiwet n tdukli tasertant: Tadukli Tanemlayt n Tugdut. Maca ugin as I tdukli agi ines anekcum ar tmenzut n Tagraɣlant Inemahalen (Internationale des travailleurs), nnan as tadukli inek ulac deg-s tirrebbuɛa tigraɣlayin. Dɣa assegwass nni, tebḍa Tdukli ya u wid illan ttekkin akw deg-s ddan ar Tagraɣlant Inemahalen iman nsen, myal yiwen ansi I ikka.
Di 1870 isseker-d ahetrwel d ummennuɣ di Lyon, maca ur issaweḍ sani n kra. Maca xas ilul-d din immut din umenniɣ-a, izga, kra iseggasen s yin, d amedya di Tɣiwant n Paris. Karl Marx d Friedrich Engles ufan as anamek diɣen: tasnaraft n tigellel.
Deg useggas n 1872 Bakunin essufɣen-t seg ukabar amarksiẓri di temlilit n la Haye imi imgaraden di tamuɣli netta d Marx. Marx inna ilaq uwanek anemlay ar isseddun timsal ar tuksa uwanek s wadda, ma d Bakunin ur iwala ara I wacu awanek akken ad tili tuksa ...uwanek-a.
Xas akken Bakunin, si zik, ittwali di Marx tigzi ɣef sin iḍaren, maca yufa-t tikwal ittzuxu u imiren id-inna d akken abrid n Marks ar Tesnaraft ar yawwi wid iddan deg-s u ma s yis-s urǧin ad tili tegrawla tanemlayt. Bakunin iceḍ daɣen imi iwwet di Marks ɣef iẓuran-is udayen u Marks inna daɣen ɣef Bakunin belli ittargu deg iḍ deg ass u ɣef anect-a Bakunin inna-d : d tidett!
Iffeɣ Bakunin seg wannar umennuɣ di Luganu deg useggas n 1873 u immut di Bern ass n 1 di yunyu 1876. Issal-id u eǧǧa-d amussu agraɣlan awernaẓri. Tawernatt macci kan d arway, di tazwara d ameggel n tikta, d amennuɣ ɣef izerfan, d tugin n tesnaraft uwanak ɣef wudem n tugdut.
Asirem d tektiwin n Bakunin fɣent-ed deg udlis-is Ilu d Uwanek. Fell-as netta tura Madeleine Grawitz Bakunin di teẓririgin Calamin-Levy 2000.


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{{TIMANIT I TMURT N YEQVAYLIYEN
M*A*K}}
{{
TIΓRI I WEΓREF AQVAYLI ILMEND USEQDEC N TUTLAYT TAQVAYLIT DI YAL ANNAR N TMEDDURT}}
Am akken d-yedda di tserriḥt tagreɣlant n izerfan n wemdan n mraw (10) dujember 1948, ladɣa :
Ixef 1u
Imdanen, akken ma llan ttlalen-d d ilelliyen mgadan di lḥeṛma d izerfan. Γur-sen allaɣ s wayes gzan ayen yelhan d wayen yettḍurrun, dimi yessefk ad idiren di tegmatt.
Ixef Wis2
Yal yiwen tettunefk-as ad yeseu tilella d izerfan i d-yeddan di tserriḥt agi, d argaz neɣ d ttameṭṭut, akken tevɣu tili ccetla-s, tutlayt-is, ddin-is, tidmiwin-is tisertanin neɣ tidmiwin nniḍen yerzan taɣelna-s neɣ timetti i deg yettidir, yesɛa neɣ ur yesɛi, d akken yevɣu yili-t.
Tin ɣer-s, ur yettili kra n meḥyaf ger yemdanen akken tevɣu tili tsertit neɣ taɣdemt n tmurt i deg ttidiren d wamek i tt-ttwalint tmura nniḍen, ama d ttamurt tilellit, d ttin yellan ddaw laenaya n tayeḍ, d ttin ur nesei timanit neɣ d ttin ur nelli d tilellit.
Am akken d-yedda di tserriḥt n tmura yedduklen yerzan izerfan n iɣerfan ineṣliyen, ladɣa :
Ixef 1u
Iɣerfan ineṣliyen ɣur-sen azref, ama s tdukli neɣ yal yiwen deg-sen, i wakken ad idiren s merra izerfan n wemdan akk d ttilella timenza i d-yeddan deg urkawal n tmura yedduklen, di tserriḥt tagreɣlant n izerfan n wemdan akk deg wezref agreɣlan yurzen izerfan n wemdan.
Ixef Wis2
Imezdaɣ ineṣliyen, ama d iɣerfan neɣ d imdanen, d ilelliyen, ur yelli wemgirred gara-sen d wiyaḍ. Ur ten-yettqerrie yiwen deg izerfan nnsen, ladɣa i lmend n uẓar nnsen neɣ tinekkit nnsen taneṣlit.
Ixef Wis3
Imezdaɣ ineṣliyen ɣur-sen azref ad idiren s yiman nnsen ma yehwa-yasen. S wezref agi, d nitni ara ifernen tasertit nnsen, u ad sselḥun tiɣawsiwin yurzen tadamsa, timetti d yedles nnsen.
Am akken d-yedda di tmendawt tadzayrit :
Ixef Wis3 (imerni) :
Tamaziɣt daɣen d ttutlayt taɣelnawt.
Adavu ad yeqdec ilmend unegmu d wesnerni n merra tantaliwin-is yellan di tmurt n Ledzayer (taqvaylit, tacawit, tacenwit, tamẓavit, tamaceɣt…)
S wakken neẓra belli si 1962, adavu aerav-asnislem n Ledzayer yessufuɣ-d s war ceḥḥa isuḍaf uzligen, imeḥyafen d-yezzin s uzagur i umezruy amatu n tmurt, d wanasyen n imezwura-s, ayagi i wakken ad yesfeḍ tidet yurzen amezruy, idles d tnekkit n weɣref aqvayli i werǧin yessaweḍ kra uverrani a ten-yemḥu.
Deg-wakken ivan d nnger n tutlayt taqvaylit i yettnadi udavu s tieurrevt izegren tilas. Ula d ttimura tiverraniyin ttakent-as-d afus n tallelt akken ad yesfeḍ awal aqvayli s wevrid n ddin,
Seg wakken ulac win izemren ad yekkes azref i wemdan ad yesseqdec tutlayt-is tayemmat, imi d azref ur nettnuz ur nrehhen, ur iḥebbes kra usaḍuf,
Amussu n TIMANIT I TMURT N YEQVAYLIYEN (Mouvement pour l’Autonomie de la Kabylie) yeggar tiɣri i weɣref aqvayli ad yessemres azref-is i s-d-yettunefken seg iṣuḍaf igraɣlanen i wakken ad yesseqdec tutlayt TAQVAYLIT di tudert-is n yal ass, u a s-yefk azal nnig n tutlayin nniḍen.
Yettunefk i weɣref aqvayli ad yessemres azref agi s nnif d tfenṭazit di yal amkan, di yal annar n tudert, ladɣa deg yexxamen n teɣdemt (ccrae), deg wammasen n yimsulṭa (ipulisen), deg ibarağen n yiverdan, ɣer ijadermiyen, di tɣiwanin, di ddayrat, di lbusṭat akk d kra yellan d iseqquma nniḍen udavu neɣ n yemdanen (privi).
Yessawal daɣen i wufrinen n Tmurt n Yeqvayliyen ad fken udem aqvayli i kra yellan di tɣiwanin d temnaḍin nnsen am teplakin iverdan ; daɣen i yemzenza, imeellmen, imassayen n iɣervazen d tesdawiyin ad arun s Teqvaylit ɣef tḥuna nnsen neɣ llakulat i sselḥayen.
{{
Ay aɣref aqvayli!
Tusa-d tizi n tidet i deg yessefk ad tezdiḍ aenan akken a d-tekkeḍ nnig tlufa. Win ur nesei nnif d aɣilif. Ilaq ad neḥrez iseɣ i ɣ-d-ǧǧan imezwura d-izegren igiman n tillas akken ad a ɣ-d-ssiwḍen tutlayt, idles, taɣerma ara d-nessifer nnig kra yellan, ad ten-nessiweḍ anda ur d-tṣubbun.}}
Tamurt n Yeqvayliyen, ass amenzu n yennayer 2960


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Kra n yilmeẓyen tura ur ḥmilen ara taɣuri, ɣer-sen taɣuri mačči d asulef.
Taɣuri mačči kan deg yidis n leqraya deg uɣerbaz i tesɛa azal, tesɛa aṭas deg tudert n yal ass, tesɛa later deg yidles amatu n lɛebd yerna tettak-as lqima deg tmetti ideg yella. Taɣuri mačči kan deg waya i telha, yernu s yis tzemered ad tiniged ar tmura nniḍen mebla ma tembawled seg umkan-ik. Deg kra n lweqt ad affed adlis kter n uḥbib.
Adlis d ayen i yettɣimin i lebda, d tamusni ur nettfak ara, mi ara teqqared aṭas n iḥulfuyen ad tḥulfud deg yiman-ik, de kra n tikal ala taɣuri i yettɛawanen. Xas ma yella d ungal neɣ d ullis, neɣ d asefru, taɣuri tenfeɛ, ula d tutlayt, d tamaziɣt, d tafransist, d taglizit neɣ d taɛrabt ad yishil ad tt-tḥefded.
Taɣuri d armud igerzen i wallaɣ akked usɛeddi n lweqt. tɛemmed daɣen ad tettud iɣeblan ma llan, ad tuɣal ddunit ala tirga !


text:
MEDZAT ALTU !— April 10, 2014 0 176
Medzat ! Ferḥat !
Midd g id Ferḥat ? Seg Ferḥat Eebbas ar Ferḥat ImaziYen Yimula, ur illi yisem neY amyag (verbe) nna Yef nsiggel. Ferḥat a winna d tinna issummen adif n tussna seg tesdawiyin d yiYerbazen ixataren n utaram (occident)!
Ar tteṭṭḍen allig ssalin ifadden uten akw timaẓẓagin s tiqqar zund ur ğğin degsent lmiden uḍuḍ. Imir-a, da ten-nettinniy ar akkan tibiYutin i terbatin d yirban n seḍḍis n yiseggwasen mek nettu tinin d winin kuẓ n yiseggwasen. Ur da aneY-ttinin ani seg d-uwin neY d-sYan akweffa illan jaj n tbiYutin-nnsen (biberons). Nekwni, ur nkukir ad nini nwis nufa timaẓẓagin tinebzagin n tussna iẓman n utaram, neṭṭeḍ segsent seg temẓi-nneY ayenna nufa ad nsemyaf iselmaden ifransisen d yinamuren. Maca, ur neṭṭif abrid ar tizwuri n id tamraw (quatre-vingt) g aY-d-sdin YimaziYen n Jerjer g Dzayer iddeY tga Yursen tafsut. Ur nessin, akud-nnaY, Yas ad nettales i tezlatin n Yidir d Jamal Eellam d Lwiza d Meksa…atg
Nerna kra n wakud, nesnaYes is d-nekkusa tirra. Yih ! TiddeY mi neqqar TifinaY ! Maca, matta tYawsa mi nYiy ad tt-neg s tirra-a ? Kra n tussna, mayed nessen ? Nessen tayri n tussna zund inelmaden n uYerbaz, nessen awd ad naru ismawen-nneY : WiddeY as nn-iqqen ad nessenta (commencer) !
Akud-nnaY ay neẓra nwis nla ismawen. I may mi ffullsen yismawen-a innefrurYen ?
Irura-yi-d kra Yef tuttra-nu, inna-yi-d seg ḍart yiYef-inu : Ahya ! Ad ur tesselwiYed imenYi n yismawen acku nitni as ittaley umezruy : SniYes Yas tilawt-nnek mimek tga s umgaru n yismawen, issatem kra kra. Id Muḥsin d id Walid kksen ilila (trône) i id Muḥemmad d id Eli nna ten-ikksen yad i id Yidir d id Meqran. G tesga yaḍen, yuley uzal n Siham d Najwa, ittuttey win Faṭima d Rqiyya nna issedrasen anaYiz n Tuda d Ziwa d Tlayetmas. Amedya n walmessi neY akw iYrem aya ! Win twunak neY iduba da aneY-d-ttazzalen Yer yiles yismawen n Yirumiyen iwtan Yef winin Yifiniqen. Idda-d yisem n Yiwindalen iwet Yef win Yirumiyen. Yusa-d yisem n Yibiẓanṭiyen yakel Yef win Yiwindalen mar ad d-ilkem yisem n Waeraben isettuttin win Yibiẓanṭiyen. Nnarẓemen-d yismawen n Yifransisen d Yiṣbenyuliyen ẓmin isem n Waeraben allig mnennayen msasan ad mmefkan talwit Yef tadawt n yismawen yaḍnin.
Ferḥen yismawen imsasan iddeY ẓḍaren ad ẓmin yiwen yisem nn-ikkan ar ittemyak-kas aliY (fond) n wasif n Nil netta d win Yifarawnen. Isem-a ittuẓmin iga-t win Yilibi-yen neY ImaziYen. Isem-a inmala ad imyar tudert n uẓmay fellas izdin seg wakuden iqburen. Ttwagna Yefsen – ImaziYen- tbarda n umezruy acku ur rin ad tt-gnun Yef wiyeḍnin : Tasustant n umezruy tga zund tin tsertit, mek ur da ttarmed ad tt-tged g wiyeḍ qad tt-gen digek. Day, ferḥat ay icenga n yisem amaziY ! Seg mecta aya tmedzem, asels n tsertit-nnwen d wanect nna igzem n yiYedda n ugdud amaziY amgun. Walli ibedren tanekra neY areẓẓum n yimi-nnes telsem-d tizibbiwin (cuirasses) nna tḍefsem tamẓem-d isawaḍen tgem akw imariren n tezlit awen-innḍeḍen g yilsawen :
A Rebbi ssider-i taYyult-inu
Ad ttafaY mayed ttnuyeY !
Yaggug ubrid-inu,
Ayyur ay nn-watseY.
Tamedyazt-a tmareY g yimeẓẓaY n tinna d winna ur ta yukizen tixendallasin d wuf-firen nna mi ssemran warraw n Dinna G LliY Ur Illi Γas Nekkin, willi d-ffeYnin g te-glay n Ugmuḍ Anammas, sguṭṭent fellasent tyuẓaḍ-nneY agensu n yiYerban zurnin n yiYerman n uzaYar-nneY ibḍan Yef yigedlan. Medzat tezdim is idwel Uẓru iga ayenna as-tettrem ad t-ig. Ṣefru d Yimuzzar d Yifran da kwen-seḍṣan s tYara n tutlayt-nnsen tamsedrart, maca walu aYilif Yas ad walu isem neY awal n UmaziY tili-awen talwit n tudert n yiselman. Ferḥat altu s usḍiḍey n uYenfif (canabis) yudfen idammen n yimezdaY n ugafa n tmurt igan tarwa n Yiznaten d Yikwtamen mi yuwey uṣemmiḍ n ugdez aberrkan tikarḍiwin n tmust-nnsen waxxa sulen ṭṭfen tamatart n tutlayt ine-grasen. Medzat diY tezdim tesgulum-nn amdaz-nnwen i tarwa-nnwen d yiselmaden-nnwen ur yad kwen-iṭfaren acku ssnen is degsen tennḍeḍem. Medzat kud ur ta d-ibeddi ufgan amakay izemren ad yini wahi i unkas n yisura n Yimiṣriyen d tesfifin-nnsen asen-isettun i yimezdaY-a tamara n tezlatin-nnsen d wumum n ufrak-nnsen.
Ad yini ufgan-a uhu i yikabaren n Ugmuḍ Anammas d-iswaren arway aneYrum s yisem n twuri d tamunt d tdusiwin tiYerfanin. Uhu i usemdez d uḥeẓẓer i tukkerḍa n udabu s yisem n tegrawla neY s win tkasit tanesYant (religieuse) neY akw win umussu aYelnaẓri.
Ferḥat ternum seg mayed ur ta issin UmaziY ad iseggem tirra-nnes Yef iẓgiga (lignes) n tefriwin t-ittzawagen s yiḍ d wass !
Yaru-t: Eumar DERWIC


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I yiɣerfan (ccuɛub) n Tuṛuft d umaḍal s lekmal-nnes,
I wakk wid ed tid ay ugin tasertit n cceḥḥa yerna ugin ad xellṣen ḍḍlaba tanagdudt ay aɣ-ixenqen yerna uwyen-tt-id war ma cawṛen-aɣ yerna mgal nnfeɛ-nneɣ.
Nekkni, s wid yestenyan tiɣri-a, nebded ɣer yidis n weɣref agrigi ay igan tafrant ass n 25 Yennayer 2015 akken ad yili d netta ay d aɣref amezwaru deg Tuṛuft d ugafa n umaḍal ara yagin tisertiyin n cceḥḥa s yisem n uxelleṣ n ḍḍlaba tanagdudt ay d-uwyen « wayt ufella » war ma cawṛen aɣref yerna mgal nnfeɛ n weɣref. Seg yidis niḍen, nettwali dakken assebded n Tseqqamut i Tidet ɣef ḍḍlaba tanagdudt n Legrig s ṛṛay n Tselwayt n Wemni agrigi, d tadyant tamezruyant ay yesɛan azal d ameqran maci ala i weɣref kan agrigi wanag i yiɣerfan akk n Tuṛuft ed umaḍal!
Taseqqamut-a llan deg-s yiɣermanen ed tɣermanin iwiziwen ay d-yusan seg wakk timiwa n umaḍal, yerna ad d-ilin wid ara igen aya deg tmura niḍen. Ad d-yili waya acku ugur n ḍḍlaba yella-d d axeṣṣar ay iḥuzan qrib akk timura n Tuṛuft d umaḍal. Tin yernan ɣer-s, llan ass-a yilemyunen n yiɣermanen ay yebɣan ad fehmen (yerna sɛan lḥeqq deg waya) tilufa ay yeqqnen ɣer ḍḍlaba-a:
« Anda ay d-ggran yedrimen ay d-yettwareḍlen, d acu-ten ccuruḍ ayyes ay d-ttwareḍlen yedrimen-a? Acḥal n lfayda ay yettwaxellṣen ɣef yedrimen-a, d acu-t ufmiḍi n lfayda, acḥal ay nerra yagi seg ḍḍlaba-nni? Amek ay terna ḍḍlaba war ma yesfaydi-d weɣref? D acu n webrid ay yeḍfer ṛaselmal? D acu umi yettwasseqdec ṛaselmal-nni? Acḥal ay yettwakren, anwa ay t-yukren ed wamak?
Daɣ: anwa ay d-ireḍlen yerna s yisem n wanwa? Anwa ay ireḍlen yerna d acu-t dduṛ-nnes? Amek ay d-yufa uwanak (ddula) iman-nnes deg tegnit-a, d acu-t ṛṛay ay t-yejjan ad yili akka, s yisem n wacu ay iga aya? Amek ay teqqel ḍḍlaba tusligt d ḍḍlaba « tanagdudt »? Anwa ay d-yebdan isenfaren ur iwatan ara, anwa ay yesseddan tiɣawsiwin deg wanect-a, anwa ay ifuṛsen seg waya? Llant-d tuffɣiwin i lqanun ed tejrimin s yedrimen-a? Maɣef ur nettnadi ara ad d-naf wid ay yeffɣen i lqanun? »
Timsal-a akk ad tessukk fell-asent tiṭ s udeqqeq Tseqqamut tusligt ay d-yettwasbedden s ṛṛay n Tselwayt n Wemni agrigi. Taseqqamut-a tettunefk-as-d lewṣaya tunṣibt akken « ad d-tejmeɛ akk isefka yeqqnen ɣer unnulfu d temɣer iɛeddan i tlisa n ḍḍlaba-a tanagdudt yerna isefka-a ad ttwaselḍen s udeqqeq yerna s webrid ussnan akken ad d-iban umur yellan d ḍḍlaba yeffɣen i lqanun neɣ tin ur yettwaqbalen, ama d tin ay d-yellan deg tallit n Tesmektayin seg Mayu 2010 ɣer Yennayer n 2015, neɣ d tid ay d-yellan deg yiseggasen yezwaren tallit-nni. Taseqqamut-a yessefk daɣ ad d-tessuffeɣ tilɣa timdeqqeqin, d tid ara zemren ad tent-fehmen akk medden yerna zemren ad tent-afen, yessefk ad d-tessefham tiseɣra tinagdudin, ad d-tessaki aɣref agrigi d tmura n umaḍal ed ṛṛay agraɣlan, yerna ad d-taru ifukal i lmend n ussuter n ussebṭel n ḍḍlaba-a ».
Nettwali dakken yal aɣerman yesɛa azref akken ad yetter yerna ad yessuter tiririyin ɣef tuttriwin am ti yerna aya d azref amegday n llsas. Nettwali daɣ dakken win ara yagin ad d-yerr ɣef tuttriwin-a yenkeṛ tugdut yerna yugi tafrawant n wayt ufella ay d-yesnulfan « anagraw n ḍḍlaba » akken ad qqlen yimeṛkantiyen d imeṛkantiyen ugar, ma d igellilen d igellilen ugar. Tin ay tent-yugaren: nettwali dakken mi ara nesseḥbiber ɣef umunupul-nsen akken ad ttḍebbiren ɣef tudert n tmetti, ayt ufella ḥeṛmen amur ameqran n yiɣermanen ed tɣermanin seg uzref-nsen akken ad ddmen ṛṛay ed wezref-nsen n uḍebber deg tudert-nsen d tudert n talsa!
Ɣef waya, deg tegnit-a n tuɛjilin, nger-d tiɣri i wakk tiɣermanin ed yiɣermanen, umussa inmettiyen, iẓeḍwan ed yimussa n uḥuddu n twennaḍt ed tsednan, inmula (ssandikat) n yixeddamen ed tegrawin tisertiyin ur yeddin ara ed Tuṛuft-a tanyulibiṛalit ay la yettajjan tugdut ed telsaẓri:
Sseknet-d abdad-nwen ɣer yidis n Legrig ay ibedden yerna tettɛawan Taseqqamut i Tidet ɣef Ḍḍlaba tanagdudt n Legrig ed uxeddim i lmend n unadi ɣef umur yeffɣen i lqanun n ḍḍlaba-a.
Ḥuddet Taseqqamut-a mgal tummɣiwin ay d-yellan fell-as sɣur akk wid ay yebɣan, ama deg Legrig, ama deg umaḍal, ad teqqim tidet n « unagraw n ḍḍlaba » teffer.
Ttekkit s tidet deg uxeddim n udeqqeq ay ttgen yiɣermanen ɣef ḍḍlaba, d axeddim ay la d-yettilin deg wakk timura n Tuṛuft ed tmiwa niḍen n umaḍal.
Cerket deg yiẓeḍwan abdad-nwen ɣer yidis wid ay la yettgen aya, acku ala d abdad-a ed temsetlelt tagraɣlant ara izemren ad sxeṣren leḥsabat n yinezmaren ay yebɣan ad xenqen Legrig ay la yettnaɣen mgal yicenga-nneɣ (iɛdawen) ucriken: tisertiyin n cceḥḥa ed ḍḍlaba ay aɣ-ixenqen!
Axṣim yesɛan ttejṛiba, yeddukkel, iṣeggem lecɣal-nnes, iselleḥ s tezmert iɛeddan i tlisa yerna iɛewwel ad yennaɣ arma d ḍḍerf mgal-nneɣ akken ma nella, ula ma d nekkni ay d tigti tameqrant deg tmettiyin-nneɣ, axṣim am wa ur nezmir ara ad t-nqabel yal wa seg yidis-nnes.
Yessefk ihi ad nesdukkel iɣallen-nneɣ deg yiwen n umussu ameqran n temsetlelt ɣer yidis n Legrig ay ibedden deg wudem n lbaṭel, yerna yessefk ad nɛawen Taseqqamut i Tidet ɣef Ḍḍlaba tanagdudt n Legrig s ussugget n tseqquma n udeqqeq deg ḍḍlaba deg wakk imukan anda ay yezmer ad d-yili waya.
Imenɣi n weɣref agrigi d imenɣi-nneɣ yerna tarennawt-nnes ad tili d tarennawt-nneɣ imi ala d tadukli-nneɣ ara aɣ-yejjen ad nejhed.
Akken ad testenyim, sitet da:


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Deffir n tẓalit n wass-a yeffeɣ-d ugdud ilelli. Iffuden ad d-tseggem tmurt. Ad tuɣal, ad tecbu timura n ddunit. Tikkelt-a mačči kan mgal tikkin tis 5 maca asutur yugar waya; agdud isutur asbed-d n tigduda tis snat. Agdud yeggul ur yeḥnit ma mazal yedder awanak ad yettwabeddel seg uẓar. Itikkelt-nniḍen agdud issuddes-d tikli tamelwayt mgal tasertit n wanak deg yal taɣult, ladɣa deffir n wayen i d-iberreḥ n uɣlif amezwaru. Daɣen Ilmend n tikkin n uselway n tigduda Abdelaziz Bouteflika i tikkelt tis semmus.
Imezdaɣ n lawilaya n Bgayet ssuddsen-d yiwet n tikli tamelwit i yeḍran tameddit-a, deffir n tẓalit n Ǧamuea, deg tlemmast n waɣir n Bgayet, tikli tebda seg uxxam n yidles ɣer Lexmis. Iswi n tikli-ya d asebgen n lɣiḍ ɣef uberreḥ n wanak mgal lebɣi n ugdud, deffir n tekliwin yeḍran deg wussan yezrin, daɣen tikkin n uselway amuḍin ur d-nban, ugar n 5 n yiseggasen i tikkelt tis semmus, daɣen d tasummelt ɣef uqmaḍ n udabu i tlelli n uɣref ɣef lxetyar anwa ara yilin d aɣella fell-as, daɣen liḥala deg wacu tella tmurt s umata. Tikli-ya ad tili daɣen d tajmilt i wid yefkan tudert-nsen iwakken ad d-yidir mmi-s Uzzayri d ilelli ilebda, am wakken ad tili d asnemmer i kra win iqeddcen ɣef tlelli, tamagit, tumast…
Tekkint deg tikli-ya, tgejda n umussu asertan, acku ẓran, yerna umnen s ubeddel. Imi d win i d lsas n uqeeeed n tmurt-nneɣ. Tameskant-a, ad d-tili d tameskant tasertant, imi tilelli n ugdud akked temeic-it mazal ur d-tuɣal ara d tameict n umdan ilelli deg wakal-is. Deg tikli-ya tekkin deg-s ugar n 60000 n yimdanen, imekkiyen deg tikli-ya ssawalen s kra n tmenna, am : « Ala, ala, ala i usebded tis 05 ». « Ulac, ulac, ulac ssmaḥ, ulac ». » Bouteflika Ya Lmerruli ulac Leuhda tis 5”. “Ad nerreẓ wala, ad neknu », « Neeya seg udabu-ya ». « Adabu amesbaṭli ». « Naeya seg yiɣeblan, nebɣa lxedma ». Imsuddsen n tmeskant-a ṭṭfen awal, ssumlen-d tigawin xeddmen At udabu i tmurt deg yal taɣult. Sutren-d, ad d-tili tlelli n ugdud akked tella deg ugraw n Ssumam.
Abrid n umennuɣ ɣef tlelli n ugdud seg leḥkem amesbaṭli mazal ɣezzifit, ɣas yeččur d uguren n yisegral, maca- d lwajeb fell-aɣ merra ad neḍfer abrid-a n umennuɣ, acku agdud yebran i umennuɣ-is ur yettidir ara deg liser, ad yeqqim d akli n wid ad t-inebḍen. Win umi iruḥ yidles-is, d yiles-is neɣ yettu aẓar-is, ad yeggri deg tatut, ad yezdel fell-as ddel d lbaṭel.


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Vincent van Gogh
Vincent Willem Van Gogh (ilul deg Zundert, Timura n Wadda, deg 30 meɣres 1853 - yemmut deg Auvers-sur-Oise, Fransa, deg 29 yulyu 1890), d amekla (peintre) ahulandi ay iḍefren aɣanib n "deffir temsamzunt".
Leqdicat n Van Gogh[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Leqdicat-nnes d wid ay yezraren (influencer) mliḥ taẓuri n lqern wis 20, ladɣa s usseqdec n yiniten (llwan) iqesḥanen akked tugniwin ay yessewliwilen ul n yemnezzeh. Arma ay qrib ad yaweḍ 30 n yiseggasen ay yebda Van Gogh amecwar-nnes deg teklut, yerna amur ameqran seg leqdicat-nnes n tẓuri iga-ten deg sin n yiseggasen ineggura n tmeddurt-nnes. Van Gogh iga-d ugar n 2.000 n yiqeddicen n tẓuri, gar-asen 900 n tfelwiyin (tableau) ed 1.100 n wunuɣen (dessins) ed yibeckilen (esquisses).
Tamettant n Van Gogh[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
D acu kan, tanefsit n Van Gogh tella tcewwel mliḥ yerna yella, seg-a ɣer da, ad t-id-taweḍ tisselbi. Deg tgara yenɣa iman-nnes asmi ay yesɛa 37 n yiseggasen, yerna asmi ay yemmut, amur ameqran deg medden llan werɛad ur ssinen leqdicat-nnes ifazen.
Arma ay d asmi ay yemmut ay bdan medden ttessnen ayen d-yejja. Ass-a, llan aṭas ay t-yettwalin d yiwen seg yinuẓar imeqranen akk deg umaḍal yerna d yiwen seg yimeqranen ay yettekkan deg ussebded n tẓuri tatrart. Ass-a, aṭas seg yiqeddicen-nnes (gar-asent tifelwiyin n wudmawen, imeẓriyen [paysages] ed tjejjigin n umagriṭij) qqlen seg yiqeddicen ɣlayen aṭas akk deg umaḍal n tẓuri.


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Microsoft Windows
Windows (s tseklant "isfuyla" s tutlayt taglizit) d yiwet n tseddaṛt n inagramen n wammud i d-tefres Microsoft iy selkimen imṣudan PC. D win id yarnan deffir MS DOS.
Seg iseggasen 1990 (agim, tza twines d tzat), d ttwafɣa n Windows 95, i d-yemmugren arbaḥ ameqqṛan, dɣa imi amaẓrag-ines yestenya amtawa d waṭas imasraken n iselkimen iwakken ad sbeddayen deg furas-nsen ala Windows 95 neɣ muyaf-asen gen tafagwit n tedrimt, ayagi yeǧǧat ad yawi amḍiq ameqṛan deg ugduz.
taseddaṛt n Windows deg-s aṭas ifurkawen:
- Afurk amenzu, d win umi neqqar afurk 16 (mraw sed) ibitten, iɣum Windows si lqem 1 ar 3.11 (3.2 s tcinwatt), Yeffeɣ-d aseggas n 1985 (mraw tza twines d tamet sem), ileḥḥu (itedddu) kan deg selkimen imṣudan PC, uqqin 16 ibitten.
- Afurk wis sin, umi qqaren afurk Windows NT (Windows NT 3.1, NT 4.O, arnu Windows 2000), yeffeɣ-d di 1993. D taneflit i d-yalsen (iɛawden) seg ulac, yettwaxdem iy selkimen n yemdanen d iqeddacen d iselkimen imyagwan PC. Di tazwara llan seqdacent tmettiwin.
Di 2001 Windows XP yeffeɣ-d, yuɣal ufurk agi sseqdacent yemdanen merra, ayen yeǧǧan Microdoft ad suffaɣ wa deffir wayeḍ Windows Vista d Windows 7.
- Afurk wis kraḍ, umi qqaren tikkal afurk Windows 9x, yeffeɣ-d aseggas n 1995, idder s umsaday d ufurk NT. Afurk agi yebda d Windows 95, yerna-d fell-as Windows 98 d Windows Me. Yettwassen aṭas seg imdanen, yerna yusa-d iwakken ad yeṭṭef amḍiq n ufurk amenzu, yella d afurk amezwaru s 32 ibitten.
- Afurk wis kuz, umi qqaren afurk Windows CE, yeffeɣ-d aseggas n 1996. Yusad akken ad yeddu deg inagrawen yettwabban d warrumen fssusen n ufus (tilifun (teleɣri) ufus). d netta id azadur n Windows Mobile d Pocket PC.
Ifurkawen itikniken n Windows[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Afurk n 16 ibitten[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ismawen n tengalin yettwasnen ger wacciwen.
- Windows 1.0 : wanber 1985
- Windows 2 : duǧamber 1987
- Windows 2.10 i 286 : duǧamber 1987
- Windows 2.10 i 386 : duǧamber 1987
- Windows 2.11 …
- Windows 3.0 : mayu 1990
- Windows 3.1 "Janus" : yebrir 1992
- Windows i Workgroups 3.1 "Kato" : tuber 1992
- Windows i Workgroups 3.11 "Snowball" : wanber 1993
- Windows i Workgroups 3.2 (lqem acinwat n Windows i Workgroups 3.11) : …
Ileqmen imezwura n Windows ttwasekkaren si DOS, sseqdacen anagraw n ifuyla n DOS. Sinna Windows tsekcem-d kra n twura n unagraw n wammud, am umasal n uselkam n yimanis, asefrek n ukala multitaches, asefrek n tkatut tahlist d inuḍafen iw sefrek n ubeqqeḍ, asiggez, anasiw, imesli ... d wiyaḍ. Windows 2.10 i 386 yuǧwed ula d netta seg iketturen n Intel 80386, am usersi n yiɣes s uqqin imesten d uselkem n ahilen DOS di tmacinin tuhlisin s uqqin 8086.
Nezmer daɣen anesseqdac Windows di DOS wiyaḍ mači MS-DOS n Windows, am PC-DOS n IBM neɣ DR-DOS, maca ilaq ad neǧǧ di rrif yark inzan inezriyen i d-ittcegga uselkim deg usbeddi.
si Windows 95, agrudem udlif yuɣal susmenzi d-amadraw n MS-DOS. Dayen id yessekren ugur ger Caldera, ig llan d-amaẓrag n DR-DOS di lawan nni, yettaǧǧan daɣen Windows ad yelḥu, d Windows.
Si Windows XP, nezmer ad nini dakken DOS dayen iruḥ yark seg inagrawen n wammud n Microsoft, maca talalt ines tezmer adili.
Afurk 9x[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ismawen n tengalin yettwasnen ger wacciwen.
- Windows 95 "Cikago" : ɣuct 1995
- Windows 95 OSR2 "Detroit" : ɣuct 1996
- Windows 98 "Memphis" : yunyu 1998
- Windows 98 Taẓrigt tissnat, neɣ daɣen « Windows 98 SE ») : mayu 1999
- Windows Me (neɣ Windows Millennium taẓrigt) : ctember 2000
A laǧay n yiɣes n NT meẓẓiyen aṭas d ugar n useqdec n wahilen ddaw MS-DOS, Microsoft tẓerged yiwen unagraw n wammud iwakken ad yettwaseqdac sɣuṛ yemdanen maṛṛa, d win id yebwin tiɣerwan yelhan n Windows NT u yeqqim d-amṣadan d-ileqman imenza n Windows d MS-DOS.
Inagrawen Windows 95 d wid it idiḍefṛen d-inemhazen iregnawen 16/32 ibitten n-ileqman Windows 3.0 d 3.1. Ttwasulin yark ɣef yiwet tmudemt inuḍafen: i VxD ten. Di 1995, Windows 95 yebwid aṭas tɣawsuwin timaynutin: tissi n uzeṭṭa id yesukkes si tin n Windows NT, agrudem udlif amaynut. Mači d anagraw n wammud amaynut, maca d tanemhazt n Windows 3.1. ɣuṛ Windows 95 tazmert iwakken ad yelḥu ɣef tiwilawin unekcum n tseddaṛt s wazal n 4 MO n tkatut tuddirt (RAM), lqem OSR2 n Windows 95 yebwid ttawil n tawadma n tezmart n USB d FAT32.
Lqem-agi amezwaru yettwasnen ussan-nni n tneflit-ines s yisem n "Chicago" u yeffeɣ-d s yisem n Windows 95, yemmuger-d tinemhazin timeqqṛanin, gar-asent Windows 98 d Windows Me (Millenium Edition), i yeǧǧan inagrawen n wammud n Microsoft ad ttwasnen xilla. Ileqman agi yark sɛan yiwen wugur ameqqṛan ninfafaden, ayen yeǧǧan Microsoft ad tsuffeɣ afurk n Windows NT 5.1 neɣ win umi neqqaṛ Windows XP iwakken ad tqazem ugur agi.
Afurk Windows NT[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ismawen n tengalin yettwasnen ger wacciwen.
- Windows NT 3.1 : ɣuct 1993
- Windows NT 3.5 "Daytona" : ctember 1994
- Windows NT 3.51 : yunyu 1995
- Windows NT 4.0 : ɣuct 1996
- Windows 2000 (Cairo) : fuṛaṛ 2000
- Windows 2000 SP1 : ɣuct 2000
- Windows 2000 SP2 : mayu 2001
- Windows XP "Whistler, iluled seg ufsay n usenfar Neptune d win n Odyssey" : 25 tubaṛ 2001
- Windows 2000 SP3 : yulyu 2002
- Windows XP SP1 : ctember 2002
- Windows XP taẓrigt Media Center : 2002
- Windows Server 2003 : mayu 2003
- Windows 2000 SP4 : yulyu 2003
- Windows XP taẓrigt Starter : ɣuct 2004
- Windows XP SP2 : ɣuct 2004
- Windows XP taẓrigt axxam n "Windows XP Édition familiale / Windows XP taẓrigt twacult" : yebrir 2005
- Windows XP 64 : avril 2005
- Windows XP taẓrigt Media Center 2005 : ɣuct 2005
- Windows Vista "Longhorn" : nunber 2006 i taṛmisin ; 30 yennayer 2007 i yemdanen maṛṛa.
- Windows Server 2008 : fuṛaṛ 2008
- Windows XP SP3 : yebrir 2008
- Windows Vista SP1 "Windows Fiji" : id yefɣen di meɣṛes 2008
- Windows Vista SP2 : yefɣed yunyu 2009
- Windows 7 "Windows Vienna" : ifɣed ass n 22 tubaṛ 2009
- Windows Server 2008 R2, ifɣad yiwen wass netta d Windows 7 (ass n 22 tubaṛ 2009)
- Windows 7 SP1 : ifɣed fuṛaṛ 2011
- Windows 8 : i 2012
- Windows Home Server 2011 : uṛɛad i d-yeffeɣ acku ur yewjid ara.


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Aberreḥ amaḍlan n yizerfan n umdan yella-d sɣur ugraw amatu n waɣlanen yedduklen di 10 Dujember 1948 di temdint n Lpari di tmurt n fransa.
Di lawan-nni, 48 n tmura ɣef 58 i iqeblen arkawel-a i d-yesean tikti tameqrant seg uberreḥ n yizerfan n umdan akked uɣerman n tegrawla n Fransa ( 1789 ).
S leḥsabat n yiɣallen yedduklen, tamurt n Lezzayer tella si gar 50 tmura ur nettqadar ara izerfan n umdan.
Izerfan-agi ur yettwassnen ara di tmurt n Lezzayer almi id-bdant tmesbaniyin di Tmurt n Yiqbayliyen deg yiseggasen n 80, acku ttwaddmen isenǧaqen mgal adabu awḥid akked yisenǧaqen yessuturen azref n tutlayt tayemmat akked tlelli, tugdut, akked talakt.
30 iseggasen menbeed, ur ibeddel ara udabu tikli-s deg ubrid n yizerfan n umdan imi deg wass n 10 dujember i yettwagdel Ferḥat Mhenni seg unekcum ar tmurt n Tunes akken ad iwali yemma-s, aya d lamer sɣur udabu amesbaṭli n Lezzayer.
Arkaḍ n yizerfan n umdan, yettuɣal-d s lǧehd ɣef Yiqbyliyen imi ur sean azref n tutlayt neɣ n teɣlist wala win n tefrant i lxetyar n uzekka-nsen.
Mulud Yunsi


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Tamatebaku
Tanfust n ugasas Tamatebaku (Tamatebako)
Les historiens ont récemment découvert le modèle perdu du Tamatebako (boîte de Pandore), un objet tiré d’un conte folklorique japonais l'Urashima Tarō, dans un livre publié en 1734, le « Ranma-Zushiki ». Il contient deux images identifiées en 1993 par Yasuo Koyanagi comme modèle du Tamatebako. Masao Okamura, un historien de l'origami, a réussi à recréer le modèle, qui, contrairement à la théorie de l'origami traditionnel, implique du découpage et du collage. Hippocampe Tamatebako d tafniqt neɣ d ayen i umi nettini tabwaḍt n ukaɣeḍ, tedda-d deg yiwet n tenfust taqburt n tmurt n Japun. D tanfust n yiwen n uṣeyyad n yiselman isem-is Urashima Taro (asusru-s d wa : Uracima Taru). Ass-nni yella yettmerriḥ ɣef yiri n yillel, iteddu ɣef yejdi armi yufa igurdan tturaren s yiwet n tefkert n wanan, ssulin-as tasawent… Asmi iwala lbaṭel sɛeddan fell-as, yekker yekkes-asen-tt, yerra-tt s aman, truḥ. Maca tifkert-nni d tageldunt, d yellis n ugellid n yillel
I wakken ad as-ter lxir, tageldunt Otohim (asusru-s d wa : Uṭuhim), akka i d isem-is, tenced-it-id ɣer tgelda-s yellan ddaw waman akken ad as-terr tajmilt. Mi yewweḍ ɣer teɣremt Ryugu-jo (asusru-s d wa : Ryugu-ju) yellan ddaw waman n yillel, yewhem, iɣil d targit i yettargu seg waken tecbeḥ. Yeqqim din kraḍ (3) wussan, ixaq, icedha ad yuɣal s axxam-is, ad iwali imeddukal-is… Yekker yessuter i tgeldunt Otohim ad terr ansi d-yekka. Asmi twala akken, qbel ad t-id-err s akal n tmurt-is, tefka-as asefk, d tabwaḍt ireqmen s ureɣ akked yeẓra ɣlayen, maca tweṣṣa-t tenna-as : “Ḥader ad teldiḍ tabwaḍt-a”. Mi d-yuɣal Urushima s akal, yufa ziɣ mačči 3 wussan i d-yesɛedda maca 300 iseggasen. Kullec ibeddel, ixxamen, iberdan, imeddukal-is akk mmuten, ulac win i t-yesnen. Iteddu weḥd-s armi d-yemlal d yiwen wemɣar yesteqsat, yenna-as ma yella wasmi i yesla ttmeslayen-d medden ɣef yiwen wemdan isem-is Urashima Taro. Yerra-as-d wemɣar-nni, yenna-as ih, sliɣ nnan-d fell-as iruḥ s illel, 300 iseggasen aya, seg wass-nni ur d-yuɣal. Ɛeddan wussan, ur yufa ara iman-is. Yemmekta-d tabwaḍt-nni i as-d-tefka tgeldunt, yeddem-it-id yeldi-tt, yebɣa ad iẓer d acu i yellan daxel-is. Dɣa, yeffeɣ-d wabbu amellal, am tagut yers fell-as. Din din icab, yuɣal d amɣar awessar yesɛan deg leɛmer-is 300 iseggasen. Cwiṭ akka yesla i taɣect n tgeldunt Otohim as-d-sbecbuc s ameẓẓuɣ-is, tenna-as ; “Yak nniɣ-ak ur leddi ara tabwaḍt-nni acku yella deg-s leɛmer-ik n tidet”. I lmend n tmacahut-a i d-snulfan tamudemt n ugasas i umi ttinin : Agasas Tamatebaku.


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Ḥafez
Xwaja Camsu ad-Din Muḥammad Hafez-e Cirazi (yettwassnen s yisem n Ḥafez - ilul deg 1325/26 deg Ciraz, Iran - yemmut deg 1389/90 deg Ciraz), d amedyaz afarsi ay yellan itteg-d isefra n wafrayen (sentiments) ed tayri.
Tamedyazt n Hafed d tin ay yessersen llsas i tmedyazt tafarsit n leqrun ay d-iḍefren. Hafez yella yessefruy ɣef tsednan yettuḥemmlen akked liman, am wakken ay yella yekkat-d deg yemdanen ay yesɛan sin wudmawen. Deg Iran, Hafez d yiwen seg yimedyazen imeqranen akk n tmurt, yerna amur ameqran seg Yiraniyen sɛan ammud-nnes n yisefra (Divan). Deg tmurt-a, medden lemmden isefra-nnes am wakken ay sseqdacen kra seg yefyar-nnes (vers) d inzan. Seg tama niḍen, aṭas n Yiraniyen ay icennun tamedyazt-nnes, yerna llan yinuẓar ay yettcebbiḥen tifelwiyin-nsen (tableaux) s kra seg yisefra-nnes. Aẓekka n Hafez, deg temdint n Ciraz, d aqeddic icebḥen deg tsegda (architecture), yerna llan aṭas n medden ay irezzun fell-as. Tamedyazt n Hafez tettussuqqel-d ɣer waṭas n yilsawen n umaḍal.


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Tamacahut n 7 twuYa neY rradmat uqmen warrac iqeswaḥen d-yesker umeskar Wilhelm Busch s tutlayt talmanit. Yesseẓreg-itt-id ass n 04.04.1865.
Segmi s isefra i tt-yura Wilhelm Busch, aṭas n yinzan yettwaseqdacen ass-a di tutlayt talmanit ttwakksen-d dYa seg-s tmacahut-agi. Ulac axxam, timkerḍit, aYerbaz neY ayen-nniḍen ideg ur yettaf ara wemdan adlis-is di tmurt n Lalman.
Tettwasmuḥeyt-d s ugar n 300 tmeslayin.
Segmi tt-walaY ula d nekk d tamacahut s wazal-is, smuḥyeteY-tt-id Yer tutlayt-nneY, acku ssarmeY-asen-tt i warrac d tullas-nneY, riY ad tt-Yren xerṣum d nutni, Yas ulamma d tamacahut ara sen-ieeğben ula i yemYaren, lemmer d widak yettaran lewhi-nsen Yer temsal yettaken anzi Yer tigi.
Aṭas n wagguren aya tura seg wasmi d-ssuffYeY adlis-agi, maca, arrac d tullas ur zemmren ara ad t-aYen, ma d imawlan-nsen ur d-lhin ara d waya.
Atan ihi wedlis-agi d tunṭict i kenwi (kennemti) ay arrac d tullas-nneY, SsarameY akka tura ad ken-in-yaweḍ!
Seid At Meemmer
Tamawt: Ukessar-agi, tzemrem a d-tzedmem adlis-agi akken ma yella s talYa n PDF.


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Aṭas-aya segmi yekker wawal ɣef usnulfu n kra n uqeddic i ubaɣur n tmerrit di tɣiwant n Tsexriwt, i yeggugen s wazal n 55 n yikilumitren ɣer Unẓul-asamar n waɣir n Bgayet. Yettwabdar-d waya abeɛda ɣef wayen yerzan amazzer n Kefrida, imi aql-it d amḍiq amezwaru di temnaḍt iɣer i d-rezzun waṭas n yimerrayen, ama deg unebdu i uɛumu, neɣ deg tsemhuyin-nniḍen i tmuɣli d tukksa ɣef wul. Ula d imezdaɣ n tɣiwant-a n Tsexriwt, acḥal-aya tura segmi ttraǧun kra n usenfar ara yefken udem yelhan ugar i yimazzaren n Kefrida, d acu, ur d-yuɣal uwellih ɣur-s deg wayen iɛeddan sɣur yimḍebbren n tɣiwant d wid n twilayt. Yezmer yiwen ad d-yini aya, imi ula d abrid n tkerrust i yessawaḍen ɣer umazzer-a, ur yesɛi kraḍ n yiseggasen segmi yemmug akken ilaq. D ayen i yeǧǧan zik inehharen cektayen ɣef waddad n ubrid-nni i yettawin ɣer umkan icebḥen am winna. Yewwi-d ad d-nesmekti d akken ula d lwali n Bgayet, Mass Ahmed Maabed, yesseḥres ɣef tikti n usnerni n tmerrit deg umazzer, deg tirza i t-id-yewwin taggara-a ɣer tɣiwanin n usamar n Bgayet, gar-asent Tasexriwt d Ayt Smaɛel. Mi iɛedda ad iḍil ɣef umazzer n Kefrida, yehwa-as ayendin umḍiq-nni n tmerrit armi yessuter deg uselway n tɣiwant n Tsexriwt, Mass Maǧid Buǧiṭ, ad yeg akk ayen ilaqen i uḥraz n wadeg-a, d usebɣes n warmuden yelhan deg-s i ujbad n wugar n yimerrayen yal aseggas. « D ayen ilaqen ad yili akken ad as-yettwar wazal i umazzer n Kefrida. Nessaram ihi ur yettɣimay ara d awal kan usenfar-a », i d-yenna yiwen n umezdaɣ n Tsexriwt. D ayen ara d-ibinen dɣa i yiɣermanen n tɣiwant-a deg wayyuren-a i d-iteddun.
M. K.


text:
D nekkni igan akka, d agdud n lmeḥna ;
Ama da, am da;
Ama da, d aberrani
I yenna Zdak Mulud.
Meɣres 2001, ṭṭfen-aɣ iǧadarmiyen zdat uẓekka n Ssi Muḥend u Mḥend, nefka-yasen lekwaɣeḍ-nneɣ d-ssutren. Ssyen, yenna-yi-d yiwen seg-sen s taɛrabt : Tluleḍ di Bgayet, tzedɣeḍ deg Wehran, d acu i k-id-yewwin ɣer da?!
Yulyu 1993, di Dzayer tamaneɣt, ṭṭfen-aɣ yemsulta, nefka-yasen lekwaɣeḍ-nneɣ d-ssutren. Yenna-yi-d yiwen seg-sen : Tluleḍ deg Bgayet, tzedɣeḍ deg Wehran, d acu k-id-yewwin ɣer da?!
Duǧamber 1983, deg Wehran, ṭṭfen-aɣ iǧadarmiyen, nefka-yasen lekwaɣeḍ d-ssutren, ssyen nudan-aɣ deg wezniq zdat yemdanen, wwin-aɣ di tkeṛṛust alammi d udus-nsen. Ssyen iluɛa-yi-d yiwen seg-sen : Tluleḍ deg Bgayet, d acu i d-yewwin Rebbi-inek ɣer Wehran?!
Deg yebrir 2007, ṭṭfen-aɣ yemsulta deg webrid n Weqbu, nefka-yasen lekwaɣeḍ d-ssutren, dɣa iluɛa-yaɣ-d yiwen seg-sen : Tzedɣem deg Wehran, d acu ken-id-yewwin ɣer da?!
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