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Ca n twalatin ttseqsiɣ s tdeḥḥakt, ma ajenna d azegza, ma sejjart i yellan d tazegzawt? Maca wer yelli d wa d amsawal n wass-a, semmam-t mamek i texsem kulur-nni n ujenna: Azegza, azegzaw, aḥmaymi. S teglanzit qqaren‑as « Blue ». Neccin a neḥseb d azegza, uca a nugur ɣer zzat.
Tafukt d taqerqact.
Lebḥer merra nessen belli ittawi-dd kulur s tisit (Mirror) i ittegg i ujenna, maca mayemmi nettwala ajenna d azegza s wass, s tmeddit nettwala-t d aberkan. waxxa ittili ṭṭya n tziri, niɣ ṭṭya n yetran. Akulur n ujenna yeqqen ɣer ṭṭya n tfukt, tfawt n tfukt deg-s aṭṭas n iṣeḍya (the Rays) tfawt, iṣeḍya‑ya gguren tissfay (waves). Malla neẓra‑ten munen, nettwala tfawt d tacemlalt. maca malla tekka di ca n min tt‑ɣa‑yerẓen, a tt‑nettwala s ikuluren, am teslit n wenẓar. Azegg°aɣ, aleccin, awraɣ, Arbiɛi, azbaybi, niɣ Azegza. Iṣeḍya n tfawt deg‑sen taṣmuḍt n ikuluren.
Tafinumint n Rayleigh tufa maymmi tuzzegzewt.
Deg webrid‑nnes ɣer tmurt, ittcuqa ṭṭya n tfukt di lhawa i dd-yennḍen i tmurt. Lhawa n tmurt yeccur s tidarrin (molecule) n lgaz, kter ɛad anitrujin (N) d uksijin (O). Ɣir ad yemsagar ṭṭya n tfukt akd tnayn‑a n tiddarin, ad yeftutti. Mkul akulur ɣer‑s ijjen tuẓzeggart n tesfay‑nnes weḥd-s, s uyenni mkul ijjen itteṭṭeff abrid‑nnes. Abrid i dd-teccat tfawt n tfukt ar tamurt d aquḍad, s uyenni yettɣima illa iṣḍi azegza deg ujenna. UCa iTtban‑dd ujenna d azegza. d ta D Tafinumint i umi qqaren « Andah n Rayleight », semman‑t x Uglanzi John William Strutt, 3. Baron Rayleigh, yufa ddsas n ufizik i yellan d lesbab n tuzzegzewt n ujenna. di lqern n 19.
I mayemmi ittezwiɣ ɣer weɣlay?
Timbabbest d weɣlay n tfukt urid ajenna‑nnes d aḥmaymi! maca teẓweɣ nni (yemṣebḍan jer yekcef d yeḥdeq) ittegg‑itt uzegza. Cciɛ n tfuct x tuffut d lmeɣɣarb, tteṭṭfen ibriḍen wer mriwisen akd yenni n uzil. Minzi tafukt tettili tuder: lhawa ineddeh iṣeḍya izegg°aɣen waha. Minzi: tidarin n lhawa tteṭṭfent cciɛ i ɣer llant tesfay tiquḍaḍin x wadas waha; Tamurt ttawḍen‑dd ɣer-s yinni i ɣer llant tizegrarin. nettwala-ten akd tembabbest (awern i lefjer), d melmi tettraḥ tfukt ad teɣli.
Egg‑itt nnit!
Ad tekesid ijjen lkas n zzaj, ssur dag‑s aman d uceffay, siɣ ɣer‑s tirna. Uca ataf ad tegged min ittegg lhawa i tfukt. tidarrin igedren a tent-yirar uceffay … ɛayarem‑t uca terrem‑dd xaf-i.
Ɣer ɛawd: Tazzla n tfawt : itran-nni nettwala deg ujenna wer qqimen


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Lapsn Zahur
Mars 2014
Tbidd v umnid n tdabut n lkyuãk s yat twila ilsan tuctal, udm nns yusi tifras n tmazirt lli s ur tzäaë tvrmt ad tn gis tssfaä, ur ad nn tzri sin d mraw n usgåas, alln ns jjawnt g tzdgi urta tt id kcmnt tmuttal n tvrmt .
Tga d afus, tuvvwä d yan ugzzum n tfrt : « Kf iyi d i rbbi avmis ittyaran g tfrt ad », täfr as d yat tfrt n idrimn. Kcmv tt inn s wawal : « Ur bahra tmaïlt v tvrmt ad? ». Trar d i usqqsi inw s uzmummg, tsqqsa yi « Tvrit may ad v tfras inw ? », nniv as « vriv gisnt tazdgi n tmazirt d ufulki ns, mad igan tmazirt ? ».
Twwräi s tsga n iming, ar yi nn tmmal mad nn yaggugn, tasga vd tucka tmazirt nns, macc nkki ur ad nn çërav amr tibrzdduvin lli iqqnn asayrur n tsga da yi nn tmmal. « Tzugt d s tvrmt kmmi d tawja nm?», zun d iv nn iggr usqqsi ad inw i tsila n uåns nns , trkkkik imikk, tsmaqql gigi yan usmmaqql v lap asmrdqqi lli, tkk yat tddalt n unzgum udm nns mqqaë tmmav ad t tssntl s uzmummg: « Dar yat twaja av lliv, äufv asn tazzant d unwal», tfss imikk zun d iv trkkik, täfë:
« Mqqaë tggut twwuri d tmmara macc tfsus xf tin tmazirt. Ur ad issn lkcift d tkufant n tmazirt nv amr walli tt iddrn». Sqqsav tt s unzgum da yi ikcmn: « Babam ak m id issifän?», tsmass ixf nns s uhu: « Imma », tra tgllint ad yi täi zg tammara d zzlä v nddr, ur gis ttuv awal ns lliv ar didi tmssifiä « lkm a illi tawja nna da km iran s twwuri, Ur riv a illi ad tddrt tammara ad v ddrv, ajj yi tt nkki lli tt imyarn timyur yi .. ad issfalki rbbi tudrt nm».
v id av ismd wawal n tfruxt, gammiv ad sul sawlv, avvwä as nn avmis d mad d ivaman v idrimn s yan uzmummg yusin taksna.

robotstxt: allowed

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05 Yulyu 1962 - 05 Yulyu 2022
AMULLI WIS 60 N UZARUG
Aselway Tebboune : amsudeɣ aredsan yefka udem-nniḍen i wesfugel n umulli wis 60 n uzarugAsinas, 05 Yulyu 2022 14:34
Lezzayer Tamaneɣt- Aselway n Tegduda, aɣella unnig n yiɣallen n tredsa, aneɣlaf n temḥaddit taɣelnawt, M. Abdelmadjid Tebboune, iwekked-d d akken amsudeɣ aredsan i yeṛẓem s wudem unṣib ass n ttlata di Lezzayer tamaneɣt yefka "udem nniḍen i wesfugel" n umulli wis 60 n usuɣal n tnaya taɣelnawt.
Tameɣra n Uzarug: Ahanay n « Atig n Tlelli » iɛedda-d deg Zzayer TamaneɣtAsinas, 05 Yulyu 2022 14:02
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Iɛedda-d uhanay n « Atig n Tlelli » aydeg yertek umezgun d ccna yernu d win aydeg d-sseknen tidyanin timeqqranin n umezruy n Zzayer d umennuɣ n uɣref azzayri i usuɣal n tnaya-nnes taɣelnawt. Yella-d waya ass n uynas deg Zzayer Tamaneɣt s tihawt n ugdud d ameqqran.
Aselway Tebboune iyeṛẓem ɣer yidis n wemtil-nnes atunsi asebdad n wesmekti "asalay n tlelli"Asinas, 05 Yulyu 2022 09:01
Lezzayer Tamanaɣt - Aselway n Tegduda, Mas Abdelmadjid Tebboune yeṛẓem ass n tetniyen tameddit di Sidi Fredj (Lezzayer tamaneɣt), ɣer yidis n wemtil-nnes atunsi, Mas Kaïs Saïed, aebdad n wesmekti "asalay n tlelli", azamul n walluy n tekbabt tazzayrit timmunent, ayagi lawan n tmesbaniyin n wesmekti wis 60 n usuɣal n tnaya taɣelnawt.
Aselway Tebboune iyeṛẓem ɣer yidis n wemtil-nnes atunsi asebdad n wesmekti "asalay n tlelli"Asinas, 05 Yulyu 2022 08:51
Lezzayer Tamanaɣt - Aselway n Tegduda, Mas Abdelmadjid Tebboune yeṛẓem ass n tetniyen tameddit di Sidi Fredj (Lezzayer tamaneɣt), ɣer yidis n wemtil-nnes atunsi, Mas Kaïs Saïed, aebdad n wesmekti "asalay n tlelli", azamul n walluy n tekbabt tazzayrit timmunent, ayagi lawan n tmesbaniyin n wesmekti wis 60 n usuɣal n tnaya taɣelnawt.
Tameɣra n uzarug : rran tajmilt Yiweẓla n uzɣar i yidiplumatiyen akked yikataren yemmuten nitni deg twuri-nsenAynas, 04 Yulyu 2022 16:36
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Aneɣlaf n Yiweẓla n uzɣar akked Umɣiwan aɣelnaw yeddren deg uzɣar yeɣḍem, ass uynas (letniyen) deg Zzayer tamaneɣt, asfugel n umulli wis 60 n usuɣal n tnaya taɣelnawt, s yiwet n tejmilt i mennaw n yidiplumatiyen akked yikataren yemmuten nitni llan ttmahalen.
Tasdawit : Ugar n 5 n yimelyunen n yimgurdisen i d-yettwasilɣen deg 60 n yiseggasenAynas, 04 Yulyu 2022 16:15
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Ugar n 5 n yimelyunen n yimgurdisen i d-ssalɣent tesdawiyin n tmurt seg Uzarug, ass 5 yulyu 1962, ar assa, i d-yenna, ass n (lḥedd) deg Zzayer tamaneɣt, uneɣlaf n Uselmed unnig akked tegmi tussnant, Abdelbaki Benziane.
Isagg uselway n tegduda ɣef tfugla n tukci n tzalɣiwin i yifesyanen n tredsaAynas, 04 Yulyu 2022 13:39
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Isagg uselway n tegduda, aɣella anafella n yiɣallen umrigen, Mass Abdelmadjid Tebboune, ass n uynas deg Ugemmiw n Uɣref (Zzayer Tamaneɣt) ɣef tfugla taseggasant n tukci n yuisellunen d tzalɣiwin i yifesyanen n Tredsa Taɣelnawt Taɣerfant.
5 Yulyu 1962-5 Yulyu 2022: D amecwaṛ yeččuṛen d iseḍraAynas, 04 Yulyu 2022 10:35
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Sḍimraw n yiseggasen deffir n uzarug, Zzayer tesfugul ass n 5 Yulyu 2022 tadyant-a tummirt s tecrawt yeččuṛen d iseḍra, yernu aya yesskanay-d ussisen ay yettewgen i tmeṣkiwt n tnaya tadamsant n tidet d tdamsa d tadusant yernu d tamanaḍt ayyes ara tqabel tmurt israten-nnes d yicqirrwen inmaḍalen.
Asfugel n umulli wis 60 n Uzarug : ad yili ubaraz ameqqran n uẓawan anedlusi deg Zzayer tamaneɣtAsamas, 03 Yulyu 2022 16:09
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – « Senɛa », d yiwen n uhanay n uẓawan anedlusi i gan, ass n usiḍyas (ssebt) tameddit, deg Zzayer tamaneɣt, deg-s 260 n yimẓawnen, i d-yekkan seg 33 n yiɣerbazen n uẓawan anedlusi akken ad sfuglen amulli wis 60 n tririt n tnaya taɣelnawt.
Amulli wis 60 n uzarug: Tanegga isallen n Lezzayer tbudd tallunt i tkatut akk d wayen akk texdem LezzayerAsamas, 03 Yulyu 2022 14:29
Lezzayer Tamaneɣt - Tanegga Isallen n Lezzayer (APS) ad tebdu ass n lḥedd deg yisemlen-nnes n internet yiwet n tallunt yettwabudden i umulli wis 60 n usuɣal n tnaya taɣelnawt anda ara d-ddun di tuɣzi n useggas (5 yulyu 2022 ar 5 yulyu 2023) tsetteft n yimagraden, ifetrawen, akk d tdiwiniyin daɣen tiwlafin, tiẓrawiyin akk tanfugrafit ɣef tkatut akk d wayen akk texdem Lezzayer timmunent.


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Arẓam n yizirig agennan gar Zzayer Tamaneɣt d Addis Abeba d asurif ameqqranAkwas, 07 Yulyu 2022 11:59
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Tenna-d tselwayt n Tegduda n Ityupya, Massa Sahle-Work Zewde, ass n ukras deg Zzayer Tamaneɣt, dakken aɣtas n urẓam n yizirig agennan gar Zzayer Tamaneɣt d Addis Abeba d « asurif ameqqran » deg useḍru n wuggumen ucriken gar Zzayer d Ityupya.
Air Algerie ad d-terr affugen ɣer Maṣer d SswisAsinas, 18 Yennayer 2022 10:53
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Yenna-d uɣlif n umesni, ass n uynas deg yiwen n ulɣu, dakken Air Algerie ad d-terr affugen-nnes ɣer Maṣer d Sswis seg wass n usinas 25, 2022 d asawen.


text:
Rubens Barrichello
Un danvez pennad eo ar pennad-mañ ha labour zo d'ober c'hoazh a-raok e beurechuiñ.
Gallout a rit skoazellañ Wikipedia dre glokaat anezhañ.
Rubens Barrichello (bet ganet e 1972 e São Paulo e Brazil) a zo ur blenier kirri a rede e Formulenn 1 etre 1993 ha 2011. Redek a ra bremañ e IndyCar e Stadoù-Unanet Amerika. Gounezet en deus 11 trec'h, graet en deus 14 plas pol, 17 tro gwellañ, ha 68 podium.
E red-micher[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
A-raok ar Formulenn 1[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Ar Formulenn 1[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Bloavezhioù kentañ gant Jordan[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
O sevel ur skipailh gant Stewart[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Letanant Schumacher gant Ferrari[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Amzerioù diaes gant Honda[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Ar bloavezh iskis gant Brawn[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Ar vloavezhioù diwezhañ gant Williams[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Disoc'hoù e kevezadeg bed ar Formulenn 1[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
An IndyCar[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Un dae nevez gant KV technology[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Disoc'hoù e kevezadeg IndyCar[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Disoc'hoù en Indianapolis 500[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Da welout[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
- (en) (pt) Lec'hien ofisiel


text:
sduqqesVB [sduqqes]
faire sursauter; faire tressaillir; effrayer
Flexions sduqqessduqqseɣ nesduqqes yesduqqsen sduqquseɣ nesduqqus yesduqqusen sduqqset isduqqes sduqqsen sduqquset isduqqus sduqqusen tesduqqseḍ tesduqqsem isduqqsen tesduqquseḍ tesduqqusem isduqqusen sduqqsemt tesduqqes sduqqsent sduqqusemt tesduqqus sduqqusent sduqqes yesduqqes tesduqqsemt sduqqus yesduqqus tesduqqusemt
Sources sduqqes
- BOUAMARA Kamel, Issin : Asegzawal n teqbaylit s teqbaylit, Editions l'Odyssée, Tizi-Ouzou, 2010
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982
Phrases avec le mot sduqqes
Bɣiɣ ad ẓreɣ dɣa ma netleɣ s tidett deg wemkan agi deg ffreɣ ! - Ma nniɣ-ak tesduqqseḍ iyi, d tidett !
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]
Ala win immuten ur k isduqqusen ara .
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]
Muḥend ibda ismekta d taddart-is, ittwali tiɣilt nni deg itturar d aqcic d ameẓyan mi t id isduqqes umeddakkel--is, inna yas . - A Muḥend, efk tameẓẓuɣt-ik, sṭurec allen-ik, ahat ad d-tafeḍ dagi tin imenna wul-ik ! - A wi k-iḥkun ay Azwaw !
[ Agellid n times | 2006 | Amar U Lamara ]


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Mass Si El Hachemi ASSAD, Amaray Amatu n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa ad yemlil ass n 20 yebrir 2022 di tzeqqa n Furum El Djoumhouria, akked yineɣmasen d yimawlan n yisalen. Timlilit-a ad d-tili ilmend n wahil adelsan ara yesfuglen Tafsut Imaziɣen i d-iheyya s uttikki n tidukkla tadelsant Numidya n Wehran.
Asarag-a n tɣamsa ad yili daɣen d tagnit i deg ara d-yawi awal umaray amatu ɣef uheyyi akked tuddsa tussnant tazzayrit n tunumastikt, n yiwen unmugar ussnan di Wehran ɣef tasnadegt s yizwel " Lezzayer: timetti, aɣlan d yismawen". D timlilit tussnant ara d-yettwasuddsen ilmend n umuli wis 60 n timunent d yilmeẓyen, d tin ara d-yemezgen daɣen akked uraren agrakalen ara yeḍrun di Wehran gar 21 yunyu d 05 yulyu 2022.
Ahil-a adelsan n usfugel n tefsut imaziɣen ad yili daɣen d tagnit i tikci n yigerdasen n tejmilt i sin wudmawen yernan azal i yidles d tutlayt n tmaziɣt, Said Zamouche, netta d aselway n tiddukla tadelsant Numidya n Wehran, akked Samir Ait Belkacem, amazzag n usisleg ɣer tmaziɣt, d win d-yerran asaru L'opium et le bâton n Ahmed Rachedi ɣer tmaziɣt, s uzewel Asebsi d Uɛekkaz ara d-yettwasneeten di Wehran ilmend n wahil-a.


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Tamaziɣt. tutlayt d tasekla الأمازيغية لغة و أدب Tamazight, langue et litterature ✨Tahar Uld Amar (1961-)✨
Tahar Uld Amar ilul deg useggas n 1961 di tama n Sidi Ɛissa, agzedu n Msila, ikcem ɣer uɣerbaz amenzu di Ɛin Bessam, syen yuɣal-d ɣer Tizi-Wezzu anda ikcem aɣerbaz alemmas n at Yanni, syen iruḥ ɣer tesnawih Abderraḥman-Mira n tubiret deg iseggasen-nni n 80, anda ittekka di tmesbaniyin n tefsut Imaziɣen.
Deg useggas n 1986, yewwi-d akayad n LBAC n tefransist di tesnawit Descartes n Lezzayer tamanaɣt.
Di 1988 yuɣal d aselmad n tutlayt Tafransist di Mdeyya, mi d-tekcem tutlayt tamaziɣt s aɣerbaz, yuɣal d aselmad n tmaziɣt. Deg iseggasen n 1999, itteka deg usbeddi n uɣmis "L'hebdo n Tmurt". Syen yebda taɣamsa, ladɣa deg uɣmis "la dépêche de Kabylie". Am wakken yetteka ger ineɣmasen d-yesbedden aɣmis n tutlayt tamaziɣt "tiɣremt" i wumi d-yeffeɣ uṭṭun amezwaru di yebrir 2020. Am wakken yettaru ungalen, amenzu " Bururu" yewwin arraz Apulée n tsekla Tamaziɣt i d-sbedd temkerḍit taɣelnawt deg useggas n 2008.
- Bururu (tizrigin Azur, 2006)
- tafunast itteẓgen pétrole (tizrigin Acab, 2016)
Mardi 21 Juillet 2020


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Deg wass n ssebt i yeɛdan, iɣḍel Lmusawi Ḥmed (ig illan d mmis n wezlawi Arifi Lḥasan Lmusawi) Aliman Sergej Wotschel min ked imseksi s ijjen ticti n KO.
Ḥmed Lmusawi (bu 30 issgusa, ig irebḥen 33 n twalatin), yirebḥ-as i Wotchel di Duselduref deg uzyen tiss tnayen deg umsagar-nnsen.
Lmusawi ig izeddɣen di Lyon ig irebḥen luxa wis 09 n twalatin ittemseḍfaren, inna i tesɣunt n l’équipe Tafransist: « Lxedmet i tteggeɣ tebda tettic lɣillet-nnes, tuɣa-ayi mliḥ, sḥusseɣ aked ixef-inu ila aqqa-ayi deg uswir, xedmeɣ x tiyyita uca rebḥeɣ deɣya«


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Tagnit rẓaget, tesserhab. Tudrin grant-d ɛeryan, timdinin ččerent d ilem, i d-yezzuɣur lhemm. Taqbaylit tekkat agjdur seg warraw-is, tettru yiwen ur as-yesli, tesraɣṛuɣ yiwen ur as-yefkki tameẓẓuɣt, ayen ?
Nebɣa tugdut, ur nelli d imagdayen. Nebɣa tilelli, nekkni iɛebden aklan ! Nettkellix i win iḥerzen deg wul-is laman, nesnuzu-yas targit, mi i d-yeqreb, mi i d-yefka afus-is ad as-nefkk tirget!
Nessen ad d-nessekfel alaxert akken ad nemmeslay ɣef ljerḥ-nneɣ. Nrewwi iẓekwan, awi-d kan ad nekcem s ulawen n yimdanen, wid iɣḍer zzman, wid nessizdig s ilefḍan.
D akellex ur numin s teqbaylit, d ameɣnas neɣ d asertan! Mi nwala urti yeččur d iger, ad neɣli fell-as am tistan, i yellan ɣas ad yenger.
Ijerreḥ wul mi ara yettwali, amennuɣ i fkan imawlan-is d asfell i nnger! Ittaqraḥ lḥal, mi ara twaliḍ wid ittewwten, wid ɣeḍren asmi akken i tteklen ad aɣ-d-afen sdeffir-sen!
Nessen ad d-nessker tabuciḍant deg umdun, s wawal, s tirga i la nettqabal ahdum. Ma tsemmam i waya “layas” nekk walaɣ-t d “tilawt”.
Neḍḥa-d sdat-m a tadyant am uyeddid yeččuren d nnefs, s testent n unɣim ad d-yemmir wayen deg-s yellan, d ulac!
I wacu-t uqerru, ma yella aḍar yedda i leḥfa ? I wumi-t ucebbeḥ i teslit deg wass n lǧanaza? I wacu-t wawal, ma yella ur t-yeḍfir ara yiɣil ? I wacu-t ubrid, ma yella tugi-t tikli ? I wacu-t, uxxam ma yella tenger twacult? I wumi-t ẓẓerb, ma yella teqqur tebḥirt? I wucu-ten imeẓẓaɣ, ma yella tezleg tiɣri ?
I wacu-t uwanek aqbayli, ma yella ulac taqbaylit, ma yella ulac tidet ?
I wacu-k ay ameɣbun i teqbaylit, ma yella tettnadiḍ ɣef twaɣit ?
Tekkateḍ deg win iɣer tettɛanadeḍ, teqqareḍ seg-i ittasem ! Amennuɣ-ik yekka-d si ṣṣut n tiɣrit-nni irsen ɣef uɛrur-ik, tcennuḍ-aɣ-d tizlit i d-yettawi. Tettqabaleḍ aɛdaw s tmusni i ak-d-yefka, tirmit-ik tettcemmit tidet i tɛebbaḍ deg wul-ik. Trefdeḍ deg wayen ur nemɛin, d azal i as-t-rennuḍ ! Tnefḍeḍ deg wayen i ak-ilaqen, tettekkseḍ-as azal, acku leɛtab ur t-tebɣiḍ!
S “tmusni-k” teẓɛeḍ acḥal d amdan, tesrewleḍ acḥal d nniyya, tcergeḍ acḥal d targit. S ugdud ixeddmen tagrawla, agdud-nni ur twalaḍ, agdud-nni issusmen. Ɛiwed, beddel tamuɣli. Zzi, nadi ɣef wid i wumi tella deg wul, yes-sen kan ara tawwdeḍ, yes-sen kan ara tedduḍ. Nnger neɣ immal igerzen atenan deg irebbi n ugdud, kečč d yiɛdawen-ik win yezwaren wayeḍ ad d-yeddem ayen i la t-yettraǧun.
Irnaten Murad


text:
As tinid Arifi d trifit ceṭṭḥen x llɣa n Flamenco. Netta ccḍiḥ n Flamenco dag‑s ariḍa, axiyyeq, amenɣi, d waṭṭas n enerji. D manaya yegga ART-6 akd Lina Charif deg uɣennij‑nsen aneggaru.
Aɣennij ullɣen dag‑s deg umezru yn izran, izran ixḍaren‑ten‑dd zi manis wer llin. Tettlaɣa dag‑sen tnixt d taqerɛit x tenni tawaryaɣit. Ttesrid dag‑sn i durar n arif terran‑dd llɣa i redcur.
Kur ma udseɣ-cem
trennid di ragʷaj
nec xa‑m irezzun
dewleɣ am uzewwaj
Aya llif tesrubid
iwdan xelli mmuten
ma ɛessa d nnic
ai kidek i imunen
Aɣennij‑a n Izran aṭṭas n ifassen dag‑s iswizan, Dag‑s ismawen mɣern akd uɣeẓdis n Lina d Jawad. Said xuttur azlawi, Faḍma ttumlilti taressamt, Meddhy ziouche.
Lxezrat‑inu ɣer uɣennij‑a, ttwariɣ‑t d Beddu n tagrawla n izran di Arif, d twarrit n taynit i min sekʷan izran di tidet, d min kessin d lemɛani, tyacitin, d mamec zemmern ad‑aneɣ ṣṣufɣen zeg usfarnen ɣer uxiyyeq ad‑aneɣ‑dd rren ɛawd ɣer usfarnen. Cnaw ca n tfust n Flamenco di ca n ssaḥet di Andalsiya !


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Tawilayt n Temsilt
Tawilayt n Temsilt d Tawilayt deg tmurt n Lezzayer (s yisem aneṣli: المسيلة, ⵎⵙⵉⵍⴰ). Zedɣen-tt 990 591 n yimezdaɣen. Ma d tajumma-ines tesɛa azal n 18 718 km². Tamanaɣt ines d tamdint n temsilt. Tawilayt-a tebḍa ɣef 15 n tdayriwin:
- Tadayra n Ɛin Leḥǧel (Ɛin Leḥǧel, Sidi Heǧres)
- Tadayra n Ɛin Lmelḥ (Ɛin Rric, Ɛin Lmelḥ, Ɛin Fares, Bir Feḍḍa, Sidi Mḥemmed)
- Tadayra n Ben Srur (Zerzur, Ben Srur, Muḥemmed Buḍyaf, Wlad Sliman)
- Tadayra n Busɛada (Busɛada, Lhamel, Welten)
- Tadayra n Cellal (Cellal, Xeṭṭuṭi Sed Lǧir, Lemɛarif, Wlad Maḍi)
- Tadayra n Ǧbel Msaɛed (Ǧbel Msaɛed, Slim)
- Tadayra n Ḥemmam Ḍḍelɛa (Ḥemmam Ḍḍelɛa, Wennuɣa, Wlad Menṣur, Tarmunt)
- Tadayra n Xubbana (Leḥwamed, Xubbana, Msif)
- Tadayra n Temsilt (Tamsilt)
- Tadayra n Megra (Berhum, Ɛin Lxeḍra, Belɛayba, Dhahna, Megra)
- Tadayra n Meǧdel (Meǧdel, Wlad Ɛṭeyya)
- Tadayra n Wlad Derraǧ (Mɛaḍid, Mṭarfa, Wlad Ɛeddi Legbala, Wlad Derraǧ, Ṣṣwameɛ)
- Tadayra n Wlad Sidi Brahim (Benzuh, Wlad Sidi Brahim)
- Tadayra n Sidi Ɛisa (Buṭi Ssayeḥ, Bni Yelman, Sidi Ɛisa)
- Tadayra n Sidi Ɛamer (Sidi Ɛamer, Tamsa)


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Beaumont (Hainaut)
Beaumont (Biômont e pikardeg) a zo ur gêr eus Belgia e Proviñs Hainaut.
Istor[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
XXvet kantved[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Monumantoù ha traoù heverk[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
- Kastell Beaumont.
Armerzh[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Douaroniezh[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Melestradurezh[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Tud[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Gevelliñ[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Liammoù diavaez[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]
Notennoù ha daveoù[kemmañ | kemmañ ar vammenn]


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Carl di fuku
Carl di Fuku ( 15 ctumber 1858 - 1 duǧember 1916 ) d agerram afransis d umaɣlay i yxedmen akken ad yeɣli uneẓruf n Lezzayer s ddaw n yifransisen .
Tameddurt-isẒreg
ilul carl di Fuku di 15 ctumber 1858di Strasbourg di Fransa , assmi yessaweḍ 13 n yiseggasen ( deg useggas n 1871 yekcem ad iɣer ɣer yibabaten n tmezgida deg Nancy d Paris , assmi yessaweḍ 20 n yiseggasen yella yuli ccan-is gar yiserdasen n Fransa , dɣa deg useggas-nni id-nnan fella-s belli walant deg taddart n Maine-et-Loire yelsa am umeɣbun ur nesɛi ara axxam yessutur aɣrum i yimezdaɣ , deg useggas n 1880 yettwaceyyeɛ i leqdic deg yiserdasen n fransa di Lezzayer , dɣa di Sṭif i yella imiren , aseggas umbaeɛd di meɣres 1881 sufɣent-id imi yella ur yettuṛebba ara akken iwata , daɣen yella yisem-is yettwabder-d kan deg wayen i ycemten , dɣa yuɣal akken ad yidir deg evian , umbeɛd , sin n wayyuren kan , rran-t-id yifransisen ɣur-sen mi tekker tegrawla n bu Ɛmama , mi dayen yeɣli ccix buɛmama yuɣal ɣer Fransa akken ad yelmed taɛrabt d thibrut , di 1901 , yuɣal d amunak unṣib deg tmezgida , yunag ɣer Lezzayer , ɣer unẓul n Wehran ( Bni Ɛebbas ) akken ad yebdu tuffɣiwin-ines akken ad yessekcem medden ɣer tmasiḥit .
Iminig-ines ɣer uneẓrufẒreg
Iminig-ines ɣer uneẓruf useggas n 1903 , yunag ɣer uneẓuf ideg yexdem deg udawi n yiserdasen ifransisen id-ijerḥen ardekkal n tnegluft n Taɣit deg Beccar , ma deg 1904 yebda akenni tuffɣiwin ɣer tama n yiserdasen akken ad issinen tamnaḍt . Deg useggas n 1905 yebna axxam s usɣaṛ d wakal deg Uḥeggar , yeǧǧa axxam-agi-ines ass mi yunag deg 1908-1909 akken ad yeḥḍer timlilit n yimunaken n umaḍal akken ad sekcemen igduden iɣelnawen n temnaḍin n Tefriqt d Asya d marikan yellan s ddaw n unbaḍ n yimenkuden n Turuft ɣer tmasiḥit . Aseggas umbeɛd 1910 , yuɣal-d ɣer uneẓruf , ɣer asekram aken ad yebnu deg-s timezgida-ines s yiẓra .
mi yekker yimenɣi amaḍlan amezzwaru deg 1914 di turuft yura tabrat yenna deg-s :
Lliɣ zemreɣ ad iliɣ d yiserdasen-nneɣ , maca la qedceɣ ɣef wayen ur nelli ara wazal-is s ddaw n wayen xeddmen nutni , d aḥader d useḥbiber ɣef ufra n yimezdaɣ dagi
Deg 1 duǧember 1916 , teɣli Ǧanet imiren , itergiyen faqen belli yella umeɣlay gar-asen , mi bdan anadi-nsen faqen belli d Di Fuku , ihi nudan fella-s di Lemniɛa , zeḍmen adeg yella yettɣimi , cudden-t , fkan-as-d aṭas n yisastanen ɣef uzḍam n yifransisen ɣef tmurt-nsen , dɣa yessusem yugi ad yerr , imiren it-yuwet yiwen s terṣast s aqerru yemmut din din . Yemḍel deg Lemniɛa , bnan ɣer tama n uẓekka-ines tamezdayt i yimasiḥiyen mazal ẓerren-tt ɣer wass-a .
Tibratin-inesẒreg
Uwḍent-aɣ-d aṭas n tebratin-ines ɣer-neɣ , amur ameqqran seg-sent i yiserdasen n fransa gar-asent :
- Tabrat-is deg 31 meɣres 1915
- Tabrat-is seg Tamenɣest di 5 yebrir 1914


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Di rebɛa iseggusa imeggura, ttwaggen day-s ca n isuraf i dd-isleqḥen asitem ɣer imehlak n walzheimer, zeg isuraf-nni wami yettwagg ijjen n usafar d amaynu aked useɛdi x idammen maḥend ad afen lehlak-a zik.
Imken lista-ya n tewafitin timaynutin iggur a temmerni s ca n tmeslayin-nneḍni i zi zemmren imussnawen ad ɛawnen imeẓẓyanen d imeqqranen ittemsurrufen aked lehlak n walzheimer, aneqqis-a wa s yixef-nnes issruɣa tifawin x wass amaḍlan n lehlak n walzheimer i dd-ittasen aked 21 Cutembir.
Min iɛna Alzheimer?
55 Melyun n midden ig ihellken s walzheimer deg umaḍal ɣer imeqqranen, d aya i teqqar tmurgant tamaḍlant n lehlak n walzheimer.
Semman lehlak-a s yisem-a d asemɣar i weḍbib n Alois Alzheimer, i yeẓrin deg useggas n 1906 ca n yibeddilen tcuqawin (les tissus) n walli n temɣart i yemmuten s ca n izumal zzag-sen wami wer teqqim tetteɛqal, d mamec ila ɣer-s yemxumbal deg yiles.
tenna Sara Imarisio, tanessixeft n trezzutin deg wammas n trezzutin x walzheimer di tyelda imunen (UK) i BBC: “am ddegg-a n trezzutin tteggent fus-nnsent deg udaygnustik n lehlak n walzheimer, d uḥeṭṭu zzay-s d usgenfi zzay-s”.
Terni tenna: “Wami mmewcent ttmenyat iɛawnen di trezzutin-a, d usenyan i yewcin ca n midden imiɣisen s ixarrisen-nnsen, merra aya iɛawen bac a naweḍ ɣer tefrekt-a, aked wami dd-banen xirebbi n isafaren izemmaren ad sgenfan zeg walzheimer”.
Ijjen tmerniwt d tameqqrant di tɣuri n yiḍis ajini (2022)
Ijjen tɣuri temmel-d asegg°as-a tɣuni n 42 n ijiniten aked lehlak n walzheimer di twalat tamezwarut.
Ca n imussnawen d Ilimaniyen, d Ifransisen, d Ibriṭaniyen d Ustraliyen, ɣrin amettiw ajini (materiel génétique) n 111 alef n bnadem ihelken s walzheimer.
Wwḍen imussnawen-a ad afen ca n 75 n tjinatin i yeqqnen ɣer tmerniwt s lehlak s walzheimer, zzay-sen ca n 42 n tjinatin ttuɣa wer ttɣilen ca qbel ila qqnent ɣer walhzeimer.
Imussnawen ffɣen x waṭṭas n tmeslayin i yettejjan iwdan ad heklen s walzheimer, mamec ufin ijjen uprutin iqqen ɣer userɣi n lehlak-a, tirezzutin-a ttwafsarent di tesɣunt n Nature Genetics.
Tenna Julie Williams, ten-ittbeddan x temccarkut x lxedmet-a: “nettexs a nefhem mamec ixeddem lehlak n walzheimer, s manaya, ataɣ a naf ca n isafaren maḥend a nesɛeṭṭar abani n lehlak niɣ aḥeṭṭu zzay-s”.
Mamec i dd-mmalent ca n tɣuriwin-nniḍen ila din ca n tmeslayin-nneɣni i yeqqnen ɣer tmamekt n tudert, am ukeyyef d weḍfar n ca n isistimen n macca, merra ina ttejjan bnadem ad yehlek s walzheimer, din imerzzuten i yettwalan aqqa d tijinatin i yellant d lxaṭar ameqqran.
Ddwa d jjdid i lehlak n walzheimer ca n 20 usegg°as zi mani (2021).
Imirikaniyen wcin tfawt tazegzawt di yunyu n 2021 i yijjen usegenfi d jjdid i lehlak n walzheimer i dd-ibanen awerni ca n ɛicrin useggas zi mani.
Asafar n aducanumab ittxes ad iraḥ nican ɣer wi dd-isnekkren lehlak n walzheimer, bla ma ad iraḥ ɣer izumal-nnes.
Di mars n 2019, sbedden ddwa n aducanumab, i ttuɣa tticen i ca n 3000 n umehluk, zegga i dd-mmlin ifessayen ila asafar-a wer ittekkes ca imxumbal n twengimt d uxarres.
Maca deg ijjen lweqt-nniḍen zeg useggas-nni, tufa ccarika Biogen ila asafar-nni d asebḥan, ɣir ixess amehluk ad as-tticen cwayt kṭar zzag-s.
Tenna ccarika i t-id-isakaren ila qa iwweḍ ad issedqel zeg weɣḍal n tussna.
Waxxa amenni, tugi tasnurayt n isafaren Tawruppit ad as-tewwec tfawt tazegzawt.
Tenna tasnurayt ila asafar n aducanumab wer igsenfi ca imeqqranen ihellken zik zi lehlak n walzheimer.
Aṭṭas n imussnawen umi ttuɣa i das-wcin tfawt tazegzawt, belli asafar n aducanumab ittraḥ nican ɣer uprutin n umiloide, i yellan d ijjen uprutin ittilin s waṭṭas ɣer imehlak s walzheimer, mamec izemmer ad ireddej ticuqqatin, di min iqqnen ɣer yemxumbal n weɛqal d uxarres d wemsawaḍ aked inniḍen.
Aseɛdi n idammen qbel ad dd-banen izumal n walzheimer (2019)
Fsaren-dd imussnawen n walzheimer asegg°as n 2019 ila iwwḍen ad ssnen min ɛnan yewdan i izemmer walzheimer ad ten-ileqf qbel ad x-asen dd-banen izumal.
Aya tteḥsaben-t imussnawen ila izemmer ad iɛren ɣer yirimen n ddwawat ɣer zzat, ula kṭer ila din ca n imussnawen wwḍen ad sxedmen iswiren n amiloide deg idammen ataɣ ad iɛawen a nessen anict i yella deg walli.
Ca n imerzzuten di tɣiwant n ugenfi di tesdawit n Washington, di twilayt n Missouri Tamarikant, fesren di tesɣunt n Neurology tirezzutin-nsen maḥend ad ɛebren iswiren n “uprutin beta amiloide” di ddem n 158 n yebliɣen illa iɛdan xemsin iseggusa di buḥbel-nsen maḥend a nessen ma alli-nnsen iwweḍ ɣer iswiren-nni.
Aya yewwec-asen-dd ca n iswiren ittakk°aḍen 88% waha, i illa wer nzemmer a zzag-sen negg aseɛdi.
Maca umi imerzzuten yrun-dd data-ya aked ca n tmeslayin-nniḍen itteggen lehlak-a, zeg yewdan i yeɛdan 65 usegg°as, d ca n yewdan-nniḍen ɣer-sen 65 usegg°as, ɣer-sen ijjen unebdal d ajini qqaren-as APOE4, yedwel useɛdi x idammen issbeḥ s 94%.
tenna-dd BBC x ca n imussnawen d Ibriṭaniyen deg usegg°as n 2019, belli din tmeslayin d tisebḥanin ad dd-asent zi ssa d usawen, am ijjen useɛdi x idammen i lehlak n walzheimer i ɣa-iɛernen tirezzutin n uxerfen ɣer zzat.
Waxxa amenni, imussnawen-a ɛad qqaren belli aseɛdi x idammen wer yujid ca nican iḍ-a.
S uya teqqar tamesmunt Tamarikant n walzheimer “aṭṭas n iseɛditen n walzheimer umi ggin arriklam, maca ula d ijjen zzay-sen ma d asebḥan zeg uɣezdis amassan”.
“X manaya d tmeslayin-nniḍen, nettwala di tmesmunt n walzheimer belli aseɛdi n taddart wer nzemmer ad t-nessxdem d abrid-nniḍen x useɛdi ɣer ijjen weḍbib ittawi-tt-idd”. Terni tenna tamesmunt-a.
S ijjen wawal-nniḍen, aqqa aseɛdi n ddem izemmer ad yaf lehlak n walzheimer, maca aseɛdi n weḍbib ibnan x mamec ittemsurruf umehluk d wenni i zi ɣa- nessen ma izumal llan s tidett niɣ lla.
imal n ugenfi zeg walzheimer
Teqqar Sara Imarisio, tanessixeft n wammas n trezzutin n walzheimer di tyelda imunen (UK); belli qa din ca n 150 n isafaren aqqa-ten adu useɛdi ad ilin d agenfi i walzheimer, maca teqqar belli manaya ad yawi lweqt al ɣa dewlen imehlak sxeddamen-ten.
Terni tenna: “Qa din tistratijiyin n uḥeṭṭu, deg yimal, i ɣa ismunen jar isafaren d ubeddel n tmamekt n tudert, d ta d tastratijit i ɣa-isbedden zeg yiḍis n uhartef. Maca asmeɣer zi ddwawat imaynuten, ad ikk aṭṭas n iseggusa, maca abeddel n tmamekt n tudert yehwen xaneɣ neccin merra”.
Maca, mala neḍfer ijjen tebridt n tudert d tasebḥant, izemmer ad issenqes zi lehlak n walzheimer, waxxa amenni, aqqa tyumi n tmussniwin n ugenfi, ula d netta ataf ɣer-s amkan d ameqqrant di twiza n usbeddi zi min dd-ittawin lehlak-a.


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La d ijjen di Miḍar ma tuɣa yettxayal ila ad d-yaweḍ lehlak n Kuruna ɣer-sen. Zegga i yesseɛdu ijjen lefqih n temzgyida n Ayt Meḥsen tist n Kuruna di Ddriwec, ufin ila yeksi lehlak-a.
Tamzgyida n Ayt Meḥsen tus-d deg ijjen wemkan mani llant aṭṭas n tḥuna, d ijjen ssuq d ameẓẓyan n temɣarin, suya, Lmexzen yuzzel maḥend ad igg tist i merra wi yeẓrin lefqih-a.
La d ijjen di Miḍar ma tuɣa yettxayal ila ad d-yaweḍ lehlak n Kuruna ɣer-sen. Zegga i yesseɛdu ijjen lefqih n temzgyida n Ayt Meḥsen tist n Kuruna di Ddriwec, ufin ila yeksi lehlak-a.


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Abdessamad Zeryouhi
Xmi nxezzar ɣer werẓam n lirart ulampik (olympique) di Peking, Lebda ɛlayen ntaf ljew d assebḥan.
Minzi Iccinwiyen ḥa min rennin deg uṭuwar n ubeddel n ljew.
Ttiknik-a n ubeddel n ljew, qqaren-as s Tanglizit ‘cloud seeding’. Renyen-as i usegnu, acimi umi qqaren iyudid n nnuqat (Silver iodide). Ccaten arakatat i di illa ccimi-ya ɣer usegnu.
Asignu yebna s waṭṭas n tneqqiḍin d timeẓẓyanin. Tineqqidin-a deg usegnu lessqent ɣer iyodid n nnuqat. Itteqqur manayenni, ttedqilent tneqqidin‑nni, xmi ɣa deqlent aṭṭas, xenni iccat wenẓar. Suyeni iccat aṭṭas n wenẓar zzat i ma d imsar ca n wurar, ḥuma awarna‑s ad yili lḥal yuzeɣ.
Maca manaya teggen‑t la xmi i ittili aṭṭas n dexxan aɛɛefan deg ujenna. Xmi yeccat wenẓar ittizdig lhawa.
Ɛlaḥsab ij n tarzut d manaya i imsaren aẓẓɣat di yulyuz umi yegga lḥizb akummunist n Ccinwa ij n wurar d ameqqran.
Minzi yesgura manya?
Ass-nni i di ggin urar n lḥizb akummunist, iffeɣ‑asen d ij n wass icna, bla anẓar, ulaa d ij zi 70 000 n yewdan i yeḥḍern ma imeḥḥen‑iten lhawa aɛɛefan.
Urid d Ccinwa waha i issexdamen tiknik-a. Aṭṭas n tmura neɣni am Malizya, d Tmunt n Umirikan tteggent ra d nitenti manaya.
Teggen manaya ḥuma ad qḍan x lazaɣ. Ccinwa ḥa min treni deg usexdem n ttiknik-a n ubedel n ljew.
Di Dujembir 2021 ggin Icinwiyyen ra d asinag n ubeddel n ljew. Ccinwa trezzu ad immarni wenẓar s tiknik-a deg ij n wemkan n tmurt-nnes deg-s 5,5 melyul kilumit murebbeɛ, ij n wemkan yujar Urupa.
Imussnawen ɛad wer sinen mamec ɣa iqqar manaya deg uklima n dduniyt. Ɛawed ittɣima useqsi: ma iwdan ɣer-sen lḥeq ad beddlen agama (tabiɛa) s tebridt-a?
Tarezzut-a n Ccinwa ɛad ad tekk aṭṭas n iseggusa. Suyeni xmi i temsar warzam n lirart ulampik (olympique), lebda ittili d ijn was icna bla anẓar, bla lhawa aɛɛefan.


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Ebdelmuṭṭalib Zzizawi
Ilul d Musa mustafa, i twasnen s isem n Sullit, di ajdir asuggʷas n 1970. iddar ict n tudart teqseḥ aṭṭas, iɣra 2 n iseggusa waha deg uɣerbaz, minzi temsara s ict n “lakcida” wa t tejji ad isala tiɣuri. Temẓi n sullit ira d ayes aṭṭas n imxumbar, minzi “spitarat” di lḥusima walu, aqqayen di arbat waha. D manaya i t ijjin war itsili tiɣuri nnes, minzi war izemmar ad yuyar x iḍaren nnes.
Amsagar n sullit ak “lmusiqa” issenta zi temẓi nnes, minzi ira walu min ɣa yegg. Amezwaru irmed di lgambri n uqedduḥ n zzit n ttumubinat, amecnaw lunes matub, d waṭṭas n inazuren deg akud nni, minzi ira ɛad walu “guitara”. Manaya zi 1981 ar 1984. Cway, cway, sullit yufa ixef nnes deg iyyar a, minzi “lmusiqa” tkessiya s rehmum n tudart nnes. Ra d imuddukar nnes tawzen t maḥend ad yuyar di ubrid a, wa itbeddi.
Di asuggʷas n 1985, iḥada sullit di twara tamezwarut “guitara”, n umedduker nnes muḥamed acehbar, ira iwyas t id baba s zi hullanda.
Zi ssenni yebda sullit iteg llɣa n taseḍma n twatun, irizam. Ruḥen ussan usin d, isra sullit i idir, lwalid mimun, uca yuss d kides llɣa nsen, zi ssenni issenta itxaṛṛas, yarezzu ad yegg am nitni.
Ar ijjen was yuyas d ijjen n umedduker nnes, ijjen n udellis n uremmud n “guitara”. Cway, cway, igga sullit iɣennijen nnes imezwura aked taseḍma n tidɣin, taseḍma ya teddar zi 1990 ar 1993.
Reghnuj nnes imezwura: yemma a yemma, yedjis n idurar… Awaren yura ten ɛali ɛbdessalami. Sullit d imeddukar nnes n tidɣin, ggin tizemmar d ttisebḥanin, ssufɣen d ict n tesfift jar asen waha, war dji di “studio”. Amsagar nsen amezwaru aked iwdan, di 1992 di “colegio” n tutlayt taseppanyut di lḥusima, ira yedja d ijjen umsagar imɣar, minzi imezdaɣ ffuden aɣennij amaziɣ. Maca imxumbar n tudart war tejjan ḥed imun, temsebḍa tidɣin di 1993. Zi ssenni iqqim sullit weḥdes, itawi itarra aked ixef nnes, ma ad ibedd, niɣ uhu?. mammec ɣa yeg maḥend war itbeddi ca?.
Ar wami d ijjen was, issemsagar malek lwesɣiri sullit aked azrawi ameqran ḥasan badic ira itarin teqessisin, i wnaẓur iɣa iqqimen iddar i rebda di urawen imaziɣen: ɛabd ssalam acehbar. Ḥasan badic issarɣa s tifawin i sullit maḥend war itbeddi ca. Ruḥen ussan usin d, yufa sullit ixef nnes war izemmar ca ad iqqim itɣennaj weḥdes waha, itxeṣṣa ca n ijjen ad t yawz. Arami d 1997 imsagar aked saɛid lɣuc, uca qqimen tɣennajen marra, ggin tawiza jar asen, carcen di aṭṭas n imsagaren n tmaziɣt: aked timesmunin, di lḥusima, ṭanja, arbat, figuig, nadur…
Ur ntettu ca amussu adelsan amaziɣ di tasedwit n ujda, “tabrat tameqrant, ufiɣ din ijjen uɣnas imɣar, uca yudfa yi umnus maḥend war semḥeɣ ca”, mammec yenna sullit. Mbra ma nettu acrac di tasedwit n ṭanja, meknas…
Tudart n sullit aked uɣennij amaziɣ, dayes aṭṭas n izemulen (les cicatrices), minzi tizemmar d tiquḍaḍin aṭṭas, tiṭṭawin ẓẓarrent, ifassen war tiwḍen: “guitarat” walu, niɣ waxxa djant ntaf itent war dji ar din. Maca sullit war iteqniḍ ca, mammec iqqar rebda: tizemmar, tizemmar.
Tiqessisin itɣennaj ssawarent x tamagit tamaziɣt, x tafgant, x imxumbar n tudart umaziɣ…
Umat neɣ sullit, waxxa ɣars aṭṭas n iɣennijen, maca ɛad war yessufeɣ tasfift, minzi ɛad nessawar x imxumbar i yteddar anaẓur, i yarezzun ad ssiwḍen tabrat tameqrant n uɣennij amaziɣ amezdag. Ntaf inni i twasemman s “lmuntijin”, war ticcen afus i ynaẓuren, arezzun tinɛacin waha, arezzun “ttesjil” n deɣya deɣya. War tqisen llɣa amaziɣ yeqquren, i itegg sullit, d waṭṭas n inaẓuren nneḍni.
Sullit d imeddukar nnes sseɛdun ca n ussan dimarzagen aṭṭas minzi aṭṭas n twaratin ira itazzer xafsen “rmexzen”, i wi izemmaren ad iẓar imezdaɣ n lḥusima munen di barra, teggen llɣa amaziɣ jar asen.
Di 2001, sullit d saɛid carcen di “festival” n lḥusima, issiwer saɛid x ayetmat neɣ imaziɣen immuuten di tafsut tabarkant di leqbayel, “rmexzen” yugi manayenni. Tiwecca, ak tufut, usin d ca n iwdan, isin sullit ɣar “la préfecture”, nnan as: “ma war kenniw qqidden imaziɣen n lmaɣrib truḥem ar dzayer”?!. Waxxa tuɣa din iwdan nneḍni ssiwren x falasṭin, qa war d asen yenni ḥed mayemmi??!!. Zi senni nnan as “ruḥ xa d ac yaweḍ rexbar”. Rexbar netta: 2 n iseggusa war ycarc sullit d saɛid di “festival” n lḥussima. ura d tasɣart n sullit ira i das tticen s minzi war izemmar ad yuyar, bbyen tt xas rexxu.
Waxxa amenni sullit iqqar awem: “Nec ddem inu ad iqqim d Amazigh”.
Taqessist x unaẓur Ɛabessram Acehbar
A yemma sqar wir tru ci
Ɛabessram yeddar
Axmi war yemmut ci
Ag igeddim nni yeqqim
Imsafaḍ qaɛ war yemserqi
Tudrin n tenddint nneɣ
Sɣuyyunt xafes s uraqi
Gg ijjen n djiret iqdeɛ rayas
Tuzeɣ tudart xas s inefqas
Imun ak tasmudi n ayt mas
Min xsen yiri qa temsar as
A yemma sqar wir tru ci
Ɛabesssram yeddar
Axmi war yemmut ci
Guitara nnes reɣnuj ines
Teɛnan i ymaziɣen ci
Ira d ameẓyan yurid d aḥudri
Itɣennaj x umezwaru nni
Itɣennaj x tirawt nneɣ
Itɣennaj x tarzugi
Tarzugi nni n uriri
A yemma sqar wir tru ci
Ɛabessram yeddar
Axmi war yemmut ci
Taɣarrabut iwyen t iɣeẓran
Min d ayes ccint iserman
Ɛabdessram yeddar axmi war yemmut ci
reɣnuj ines teɛnan i ymazighen ci
a yemma sqar wir tru ci
nteqnunnuy da war nedji gi ci.
Ɛawdem ayi mux temsar
Ɛawdem ayi mux temsar
X yemmas n umaziɣ
Ira tedja ttarit d wur
War xas tesriɣ
Ad ariɣ x tmaziɣt
Am baba ameqran
X yirem a wesrix
X idurar i yuɛran
Zzages iɣa ɣenjeɣ
Zzages iɣa yariɣ
A yemma s n umaziɣ
Isem nnem ad t iniɣ
Isem nnem ad as ɛawdeɣ
A ya masinisa yemma k
Mecḥar i tfaḥ
X wegraw a ida negga
Di rweṣt n remraḥ
Masin netta yenna
Tamazɣa n imaziɣen.


text:
Tagrawt n Paris n uswizi akked unhezzi ayududan di Arrif, iggur ad tegg ijjen ubeddi deg wazzareg n Teyduda di Paris, ass n 31 Kṭuber 2010, zi tseɛɛet n rebɛa ar setta. Abeddi-ya ittas-d deg wektay wis rebɛa n tmettant n Muḥsin Fikri. Ittas-d ɛawed, maḥend ad netter asnufsel n inecraf n Arrif ig illan di leḥbusat n Lmuɣrib.
Tayrawt n Paris, nnan-d ila inecraf n Arrif, wer ggin walu maḥend ad ttwaṭṭfen. Mamec i tettetter ad d-rxun i merra inekraf. Aked manaya tzemmem tagrawt n CSMR n Paris, aseɣdi n Ifransisen alaḥsab weraweqqer ig ittegg lmuɣrib x tseqqar n wemdan, d umeyyek-nnsen x maanaya. Ttwekkaden ɛawed ila ixess merra imeɣnas di Fransa ad nhezzen maḥend ad snufslen i inecraf n Arrif.


text:
Essai de traduction d’une partie du code de la famille (articles relatifs à l’héritage) et étude lexico-sémantique de la terminologie juridique employée
Date2016-09
Author
BOUAZIZ, Aldja
CHELALI, Kahina
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
Yal tutlayt i yessemras wumdan di tudert-is n yal-ass tettbedil, tettnarni, temgarad ɣef zik d tura daya i yeǧǧan aṭas n wawalen ad n-nulfun iwakken ad teddun deg tallit anda nettidir, dɣa ad d-naf mkul aḥric s wawalen is-yiwulmen, amedya deg uḥric n tujya yessefk ad nesemres awalen-is ukkud yesɛa assaɣ, deg uḥric azerfan yessef-k ad nesemres awalenis, ɣef waya yssefk ɣef umdan ad inadi iwakken ad narnit ad ufrarent tutlayin-agi. Dɣa deg tazwara nexdem tasuqilt tazerfant n « tangalt n twacult » adlis wis III: «aḥric n temseḍfert» seg usebter wis 15 armi asebter wis 23. Deg tsuqilt-nnaɣ nesexdem imawalen am umawal azerfan akked umawal ameɣradan s snat n tutlayin tamaziɣt tafransist iwakken ad nexdem amahil akken iwata, maca nemlal-d aṭas n wuguren di tsuqilt-nneɣ acku ur d –nufi ara aṭas n imawalen ysɛan assaɣ deg umardul azerfan Deg unadi nneɣ neɛred ad n-efk tirirt ɣef teqbaylit ma tezmer ad texedem tasuqilt i weḥric n temseḍfert ar teqbaylit D acu-ten wallalen n usileɣ n tesniremt tazerfant i yesɛan assaɣ akked temseḍfert? Tamuɣli-nneɣ tamezwarut, d tin ahat ad yesɛu yal amdan i yebɣan aḥric-agi azerfan ad yennerni, yessefk ad yaf awalen imaynuten isilaqen wid ur nennum ara nessemras-iten di tudert –nneɣ n yal ass, ɣef waya neḍfer tarayt-agi: Anadi-nneɣ, yebḍa ɣef sin n yiḥricen: Aḥric amenzu, naɛreḍ ad nexdem tasuqilt seg tutlayt n tefransist ar tutlaut n teqbaylit i « tengalt n twacult » adlis wis III : « aḥric n temseḍfert », nexdem tasuqilt s unamek n wawalen, nessemres imawalen i yesɛan assaɣ d uḥric azerfan, syen akkin nekkesd awalen imaynuten i d-nufa deg tsuqilt –nni i nexdem, syen akkin nefka-d aknawen-nsen n tutlayt n tefransist. Aḥric wis sin, nefka-d tabadut i kra n wawalen i yesɛan assaɣ ukkud tasnulfawent am asnulfawal, awalnut, d yimedyaten is-iwulmen, syen akin nessemres kra n wawalen deg allalen n usillaɣ Deg tagara, yal aḥric ilaq ad yenarni am netta am wiyaḍ, iwakken ad yidir yeḥwaǧ asnulfu d unadi lqayen Tasuqilt tesɛa azal-is ma yella nebɣa ad neslufu yella ɣef wacu ara nesbed lsas n unadi-nneɣ, anect-agi yessef-k ɣef yimusnawen n tutlayin, ad snulfun awalen maca asnulfuagi ad yesɛu lsas d unamek iwakken ad ireṣṣu deg tutlayt ɣef wayagi ilaq aṭas n wakud akken ad yelḥu deg-s. Amusnaw iwakken ad yaweḍ ɣer ugemmuḍ yettwaqenɛen ilaq-as ad tḥamin, asfken afus n talelt akken ad yaweḍ ɣer yiswi n unadi-ines. Amahil deg wannar nufa-d d akken tasuqil tazerfant n tmazɣa nnaɣ tehwaǧ n wallalen. Amerdul n tsuqilt sumata anagmay ilaq-as unadi iwakken ad is-wexxer irwassen n tasnilest, ad yeḥrez tamẓewert d usala n tutlayt di tasutin Agellel amuklas n tutlayt taqbaylit di tira tḍur tamhazt tamezla n tutlayt-agi, tasuqilt n yixef n temseḍfert ur yeffiɣ ara i wuguren


text:
Ɛebdelmuṭṭalib Zizawi
(Tasdawit Ibn Zuhr, Agadir)
D awardi i yiman n uselmad-inu Ḥasan Benɛaqiya
Tout ce que l’Amazigh porte comme ethnicité n’est pas susceptible de lui signifier une stigmatisation identitaire. Peut-être cette haine, bizarrement, est-elle l’assurance d’une survie à venir. Et explique, sans doute, la marginalisation « consacrée ». La thérapie est alors nécessaire pour cette société qui ne veut point se reconnaître en tant que telle.
Hassan Banhakeia (1966-2022)
Wer ufiɣ min ɣa iniɣ ula s minzi ɣa ssentiɣ, weḍḍren-ayi wawalen, ugnuɣ wami sliɣ belli aselmad-inu iruḥ mani ɣa nrewweḥ marra. Aneɣmis-a iwḍa-d xaf-i amen wer umineɣ, ugiɣ ad amneɣ belli iruḥ, s twaḥit-nnes qqimeɣ d agujil, necc d marra inni xef iɛizz, jarkṭar imeḥḍaren-nnes. Ttuɣa ssitimeɣ ɛad akkid-s mmelqiɣ am lebda, ad neqqim, ad nessiwel… maca texḍef-ic tmennawt amen wer zzay-k sxiɣ…
1- Tanfust-inu akked Mass Ḥasan Benɛaqiya
Aselmad d tawmat Ḥasan Benɛaqiya ssneɣ-t aseggwas n 1999, wami sɣiɣ twalat tamezwarut aɣmis Tawiza. Din, ufiɣ yura ijjen umagrad[1] anict n min t-iqedden. Zi ssenni dewleɣ ttebliɣ s Tawiza, tigira n mkul ayur ssaɣeɣ-tt, minzi ufiɣ deg-s ixef-inu, jarkṭar imagraden n umusnaw ttuɣa jehden, isruɣa zzay-sen tifawin x waṭṭas n iɣezdisen issullsen. Idwel iɛizz xaf-i amen ɛemmars wer kid-s mmelqiɣ. Ruḥen wussan usin-d, ar ami d aseggwas n 2000, ijj n wass zelmeɣ-t ittaley akked webrid ittawyen ɣer uɣiwen n tsekliwin[2], ruḥeɣ ɣar-s s tazzla, sellmeɣ xaf-s di twalat tamezwarut. Nemsawal cway, isseqsa-ayi min tteggeɣ, uca inna-ayi : melmima teḥwajed ca aqqa-ayi.
Zi ssenni, ruḥen wussan usin-d, ar aseggwas asdawan 2006/2007, wami ttuɣa-ayi d ameḥḍar di « DESA »* : « atturat accaɛbi fi alɣarb al islami » i irẓem uselmad iɛizzen Musa Aɣerbi s twiza n iselmaden-nniḍen (Belqasem Ljeṭṭari, Farid Lemrini, Jamal Ddin Sserraj…). Aseggwas-nni ɣriɣ ɣer Ḥasan Benɛaqiya. Ɛad ɛeqleɣ x wass amezwaru di ɣer-s nudef ; irẓem-aneɣ tiṭṭawin x Imaziɣen imezwura yuran s tegrigit d tlatinit. Bla Afulay, din yenniḍen (Afer, Tertulian, Arnub…). Neccin ttuɣa ɛemmars wer nessin belli iẓewran n Imaziɣen wtin allaɣ-nsen deg umezruy anict uya. Zi ssenni, d netta dayi ireẓmen tiṭṭawin x tcuni n tsekla tamaziɣt yuran, ijja-ayi ad renyeɣ ad ɣreɣ uggar ungalen, tinfas, tadyazt. S tidet, wami ten-qqaseɣ, ufiɣ belli din ca n wesnulfu[3] iqaden.
Zi lebda isselmad-aneɣ ad nessers iseqsan, issegma deg-neɣ ad neswingem, issegma deg-neɣ ad nesrusa iseqsan maci ad nesseɣley minma neɣra, niɣ minma uran- yenniḍen. Mazal ɛeqleɣ lweqt-nni iwca-aneɣ min xef ɣa nexdem, necc ixḍareɣ ad xedmeɣ x uzamal[4] deg yezlan n Arif. Lxedmet akkid-s wer tesseqniḍ, issufeɣ-d zzay-i ca n yeswingimen ttuɣa ffren, mli lliɣ weḥdi ili wer ttiwḍeɣ ad fesyeɣ izlan n Arif. Issken-ayi ula mamec ɣa xedmeɣ. Ttuɣa-t lebda iwjed ad iɛawen imeḥḍaren iffuden tussna, jarkṭar min iqqnen akked tmaziɣt. Waxxa ksiɣ « DESA » di 2006, maca iqqim wemsawaḍ lebda irẓem akked uselmad-inu.
Ruhen wussan usin-d, ar 2007 terẓem tebridt n tɣuriwin timaziɣin di Wejda x ufus n uselmad Mimun Ḥemdawi s twiza n iselmaden-nniḍen, (Belqasem Ljeṭṭari, Mustafa El-Adak, Jamal Ddin Sserraj…) bla ma ad ttuɣ tawasit n Ḥasan Benɛaqiya, i ttuɣa iccaten uggar n 100km mkul imalas zi Nnaḍur ar Wejda ḥuma ad issɣar tadyazt tamaziɣt d tsekla yuran (Amezgun d wungal). Tameslayt wer tt-itteg ɣir netta, minzi d Amaziɣ ar aduf.
Aseggwas n 2008, yiweḍ wakud n uzemmem di dduktura, nqeḍwen zzay-i iseɣwan wami wer ufiɣ wi ked ɣa xedmeɣ, zegga ttuɣa swejdeɣ asenfar[5] n tarezzut-inu. Laɣiɣ-as, ɛawdeɣ-as min ayi-imsaren. Ttreɣ zzay-s akkid-s ṭṭfeɣ tarezzut-inu n dduktura, uca iqbel s wul-nnes d ameqqran. Issiɣ-ayi-d afus. Wer ayi-teksi tmurt s lefraḥet, minzi zi lebda turjit-inu akkid-s xedmeɣ.
Zi ssenni nessenta jmiɛ ijj n webrid-nniḍen n tussna d tarezzut, iẓra min swejdeɣ, waxxa di tidet, qbel ma ad zemmemeɣ ttuɣa iḍaffar min tteggeɣ, mkul twala ittseqsa-ayi : « mani tiwḍed ? ». Akked umeggar wami iẓra asenfar-inu, yufa-as azwel, isemma-t : La poésie rifaine, de l’oral à l’écrit : continuité et rupture. Tlata n iseggusa nfukka deg-s dduktura, iwḍeɣ ad saliɣ zik minzi afus n uselmad-inu d amimun.
Ttuɣa temsar-ayi am yijj n uderɣal ittedren di tillas, maca netta ittgewwad-ayi, isskan-ayi abrid ɣa ḍfareɣ… necc i d-yusin d anewji zeg yiger n umezruy ɣer yiger n yezlan d tsekla. Mazal ɛeqleɣ ass-nni, wami neqqim jmiɛ ḥuma ad ixzar ixef[6] ameggaru n tarezzut. Isegged min iferɣen, uca inna-ayi : « ṣafi « la thèse » tsala ». Ttbehḍeɣ, minzi necc ttɣileɣ-ayi ɛad iqqim aṭṭas, « la thèse » ttuɣa tettban-ayi am ca n tsawent wer iqeṭṭin.
2- Ḥasan Benɛaqiya Amusnaw
Ḥasan Benɛaqiya, d ijjen uterras ismunen jar waṭṭas n iɣezdisen. Awarn-i dduktura-nnes i iksi aseggwas n 1994 zi tesdawit n Paris 8, tarezzut-nnes iggi-tt x Confrontation narrateur-espace ou le règne de l’écriture dans l’œuvre de Michel Butor. Qbel ma ad idwel d aselmad n tsekla tafransist di tesdawit n Wejda awarn-as di Nnaḍur, ixdem di tesdawit n Barsiluna. Din, – imken ɛad qbel -, ttuɣa isenta aswingem d tarezzut di tmaziɣt. Issufeɣ-d akked iselmaden-nniḍen (Muḥend Tilmatin d Carlos Castellanos), adlis La llengua rifenya i ismunen jar tjerrmut takaṭalant d tmaziɣt n Arif.
Di Wejda, waxxa ttuɣa issɣara tasekla tafransist, ittfeṣṣel-itt d afeṣṣel, manaya ttuɣa ittbban di tinawin tisdawanin[7] ula di temsirin[8] n lmaster « Littérature générale et comparée et interculturalité ». Maca tarezzut di tmaziɣt ttuɣa-tt wer tettbeddi. Deg waṭṭas n twalatin, imeḥḍaren niɣ iselmaden melmi kid-s mmelqan labudd ad yili ca n wawal x tmaziɣt. Tamaziɣt ttuɣa-tt d aswingem n kul ass. Amec nniɣ, Ḥasan Benɛaqiya, wer t-ttuɣi ca ɣir d aselmad, ttuɣa nettwala-t d tfawt, d aterras iksin amnus n tmaziɣt, d ameɣnas n tidett. Maci am ca n yewdan wer jar-asen d tmaziɣt ɣir lxir. S manaya i ttuɣa iɛizz xaf-neɣ aṭṭas. Ttuɣa nettwala-t d ijj n Qaḍi Qeddur nniḍen.
Deg uɣezdis-nniḍen, icrec deg waṭṭas n imelqan i ggint tmesmunin di tmurt-nneɣ ula berra (Ṣeppanya, Aliman…), ttuɣa-t ula deg waṭṭas n tmesmunin am : tamesmunt n Ayt Nṣar, tamesmunt n Ayt Sɛid, tamesmunt n tnettit tamaziɣt… Wer nettettu ca n imsagaren ussnanen[9] di tesdawiyin timeɣrabiyin ula tinni n berra (Fransa, Ddzayer, Ṣeppanya…).
Qbel ma terẓem tebridt n tɣuriwin timaziɣin di tesdawit n Wejda (2007) d Nnaḍur (2017), Amusnaw ttuɣa issenta issɣara tamaziɣt deg uɣiwen agtiẓli[10] n Nnaḍur, irẓem abrid-a bla ma ad iraja ḥedd, igga minzi yumen. Qbel ma t-ttawi tmettant, yiweḍ ar ai irẓem lmaster aseggwas-a, ttuɣa ifreḥ aṭṭaṣ minzi ttuɣa ixs ad yili lmaster n tmaziɣt di Nnaḍur.
Awarn-i Muḥemmed Budhan, Amusnaw ula netta ttuɣa-t zeg isutar[11] n Tawiza,. Mkul ayyur deg-s ca n umagrad[12] anict n min t-iqedden. D tizrawin[13] ullɣent, mkul ict zzay-sent degs- zi tlata ar rebɛa n isebtar[14], niɣ uggar. Ccuren s weswingem deg yiger n tsekla, amezruy, tafilusuft… d manaya i ijjin Tawiza maci ɣir d aɣmis am yeɣmisen- nniḍen, maca d aɣbal n yenn iffuden tussna tamaziɣt. Ḥasan Benɛaqiya qbel ma ad yari, ireddel min nnan d min uran yenniḍen x tmaziɣt d Imaziɣen, issifif-it, izeggw-it, iferren-it ɛad i ɣa ibna aswingem-nnes.
Tira n Umusnaw ttuɣa-tent ullɣent aṭṭas, iksi x weɛrur-nnes ijj n wemnus d adrar maca ma fehmen-as yewdan ? zeg yeswingimen-nnes mayemmi « Amaziɣ » ikreh ixef-nnes ? mayemmi ca n twalatin « Amaziɣ » ittwala ixef-nnes d « Amaziɣ » maca netta iweḍḍer ? niɣ ixess ad yili d « Amaziɣ » ɛla ḥsab mamec t-ẓarren inniḍen, mamec t-ttwalan nitni? niɣ mamec xsen ad yili ?[15]
Bla iswingimen-a, Amusnaw irẓem ijjen webrid-nniḍen iqqnen n uturjem n tsekla zeg yelsawen-nniḍen ɣer tmaziɣt, am tmezgunt taglanzit yura Harold Pinter d-iffɣen di Tawiza[16], niɣ zi tmaziɣt ɣer yelsawen nniḍen[17]. Abrid-a iḍfar-it minzi ttuɣa ittwala-t d ijjen webrid i ɣa issedren tamaziɣt. Imken d manaya i t-ijjin ad irẓem lmaster « Littérature et traduction » i d-issufɣen aṭṭas n tarwa n tmurt i itteggen tizemmar deg yiger-a. Iẓẓu deg-sen Umusnaw timexsa n tmaziɣt, ssufɣen-d ula nitni idlisen iseklanen (amezgun, ungal, tadyazt)
Amusnaw ijja later-nnes deg waṭṭas n yewdan, mkul ijjen d tanfust-nnes akkid-s. Ḥasan Benɛaqiya d aselmad i issarɣen tifawin i yenn iffuden tussna d trezzut. Amusnaw irebba antun zeg imeḥdaren i issɣar, necc d ijjen zeg-sen, mala s tidett iɛizz xaf-neɣ ixess-aneɣ ad neḍfar abrid-nnes, abrid n tussna d twiza, d usiɣi n ufus i mkul ijjen nettwala deg-s tfawt ḥuma ula d netta xmi yaweḍ ad issiɣ afus i yenniḍen. Aṭṭas n iseqsan d yeswingimen qqimen uglen, ixess yenni yumnen s webrid n Umusnaw ad t-ḍfaren mala s tidett iɛizz xaf-sen.
Deg umeggar xseɣ ad ak-iniɣ :
Timexsa-nnek teẓẓu deg wul-inu i lebda,
Tala n telsawit[18]-nnek ɛemmars ad teqḍa,
Qqim di lehna ay itri n Tmazɣa ireqqen i lebda,
Iman-nnek d imaɣlalen i lebda.
Tabiblyugrafit :
– Llibertats tatuades (poésie, 1996)
– Le maure errant (roman, 2001)
– L’enseignement de l’amazigh (2011)
– L’amazighité en question (2011)
– L’enfant barbare (roman, 2012)
– L’histoire de l’homme qui était cadavre (roman, 2012)
– Mots et maux (essai sur les récits de voyage en Afrique du Nord) (2013)
– Histoire de la pensée nord-africaine (2016)
– La traduction poétique amazighe (2016)
– Distiques de la poésie rifaine (tradition et traduction) (2016)
– Le coupable (roman, 2017)
– La littérature rifaine, de la tradition orale à aujourd’hui (2019)
– Les envers de l’amazighité (2019)
– Le fils des cieux (roman, 2019)
– Amuddu n Ḥullic (amezgun, 2020)
– Jar taɣɣrect d tebqect (amezgun, 2020)
– Jar Tecri d weṭṭu (ungal, 2020)
– Tagelda n tmeḍlin (ungal, 2021)
– Tazdemt n usefru arifi (2021)
– Dictionnaire rifain de traduction. (Rifain-français/français-rifain) (2021)
[1] Article
[2] Faculté des lettres
* Diplôme des Études Supérieures Approfondies
[3] Création
[4] Symbolique
[5] Projet
[6] Chapitre
[7] Conférences universitaire
[8] Cours
[9] Scientifiques
[10] Faculté polydisciplinaire
[11] Piliers
[12] Article
[13] Études
[14] Pages
[15] « Au lieu d’engendrer la reconnaissance symbolique ou bien de la compassion auprès de l’Autre, cette haine de soi engendre chez ce même Autre un regard folklorique « méprisant » : elle assigne l’identité à l’effacement ou à l’assimilation. Depuis le portrait de Hérodote de l’Amazigh « premier » jusqu’au dernier texte de l’anthropologie, le schéma de l’amazighité se fait uniforme, redondant, voire statique. Se voulant totalité « folklorisante », il se constitue doublement : à partir d’une allergie vis-à-vis du propre, et à partir d’un asservissement symbolique, digne d’un « mercenaire » vis-à-vis d’un étranger ».
« La haine de soi amazigh », Tawiza, n° 170, juin 2011
[16] Zeg iḍrisen iturjem zi tefransist nettaf inni n Jean de la Fontaine, Victor Hugo, Charles Baudelaire… llant deg wedlis-nnes : La traduction poétique amazighe.
[17] Am wammud wiss tlata n Zzeyyani Iɣembab irezzun x wudem-nsen deg wudem n waman (s twiza akked Ɛebdellah Bumalk), Cahrazad n Karim Kannuf (s twiza akked Sana Yeccu d Ḥusayen Ferḥad) bla ma nettu adlis ameggar Tazdemt n usefru arifi (S twiza akked Sana Yeccu).
[18] Humanisme


text:
LeRifain
Yekker uḥeyyeḥ di jjihet n Wisconsin deg Umarikan awarn i umi wtin ipulisen ijjen wergaz s uqerṭas. Zegga i zeg-s ɛelmen x ca n wemxumbel n twacunt.
Joe Biden i yexsen ad irecceḥ bac ad yedwel d arayes, yeffeɣ-dd s yijjen ulaɣi ittetter deg-s bac ad yennurẓem lankiṭ x min yemsaren.
Yenna Joe Biden: « Tuffut-a nettfaqa-dd ɛawed x yijjen uxeyyeq d ameqqran, lesbab-nnes d ddenf n ipulisen i yesxedmen jjehd ɛawed aked yijjen umarikani d aberkan, ittxessa ad ttwaḥasben ḍḍubbaṭ i yellan x manaya ».
Deg yijjen tzemmemt di twiter, yenna Tony Evers i yellan d lḥakem n Winsconsin: « Ɣer uɛecci, usint-as-dd i Jacob Blake aṭṭas n tiyyita n uqerṭas deg weɛrur di Kenosha, Wisconsin. Necc d Kathy aqqa nruḥ ɣer twacunt-nnes, d imeddukal-nnes d jjiran-nnes, Nessitim tikti-ya wer t-ttejji a ssenni-yekk d abrid ».
Yenna ɛawed di tzemmemt n twitter: « Di lweqt i di wer ɣer-neɣ bu tidet nican n min yemsaren, Min nessen belli wanita wer yelli d aberkan amezwaru i wtin ipulisen s uqerṭas, i iyezmen niɣ i yettwanɣen bla arreḥmet, la di jjihet-nneɣ niɣ di jjwayeh nneɣni di tmurt-nneɣ ».
Tawacunt-nnes tenna belli wer yelli di ca, aqqa-t di spiṭar. Wtin-t s uqerṭas ɣer 5 s lweqt n Umarikan.
Awarn i manayenni, tekker lɣuɣet, Munen imezdaɣ ɣer uraq n ipulisen, uca bdan ttḥejjaren-ten s ikentar d mulutuf. Sserɣen timessi di ca n ṭṭumubinat. Ipulsen wtin-ten s lgaz i dd-yessufuɣen imeṭṭawen. Ffɣen di ccwareɛ nneɣni sɣuyyun qqaren: « wer neddikk°il ɣer deffar ».
Ipulisen nnan belli ad yennurẓem lankiṭ di min yemsaren, amen ttren zi ayt tḥuna n tsebbabt i ttuɣa ittɣiman reẓment, bac ad bellɛen. Manaya, minzi yiweḍ-asen-dd aṭṭas n ucetki zi sḥab tiḥuna i yettwageccḍen.
Deg yijjen tzemmemt di twitter, mmi-s n arayen n Umarikan Trump, yenna belli min yemsaren ammu di Wisconsin d lfuḍa. yebḍa aṭṭas n tzemmamin deg-sen tareẓẓit n tḥuna d usekmeḍ d ugecceḍ…
Yettwazuzzer yisem n Jakob Blake di tracciwin n wemsawaḍ anamun, ttettren zeg yewdan bac ad sinyin x yijjen tebrat ttettren deg-s ḥuma ad sbedden ipulisen i t-yewtin s uqerṭas, a ten-qeddmen ɣer lfusina.
Yus-dd manaya awarn i lɣuɣet i yekkren x tmenɣiwt n George Floyd i ijeyyef yijjen upulis umi i das-iɛemmed s ufud x yiri. Tḍefr-it-idd lmujet n tɣuyya d usekmeḍ d treẓẓit d ugecceḍ…
Tala: BBC


text:
Ɛebdelwaḥed ḤENNU
Aṭṭas zi leɛwayed n irifiyen yettwamḥa, wer yeqqim illa di twengimt n yinni imeqqranen. Ijjen uɣezdis n tdelsa i yesskanen udem d tefras n bnadem Arifi, iweḍḍer. Ca tiwy-it lḥemlet n tesmaḍalt i izelyen iri i waṭṭas n tdelsiwin deg umaḍal, ca yeskemḍ-itt rrbu n ixarrisen n uḥerrem i dd-yekkin zi ccerq. Ca nniḍen yettwattu aked umutti amunan i yemsaren zegga i yeffeɣ uḥewwas aseppanyu, zegga i yettwasers yijjen ddsas n ddewla ɣer-s udem d atrar. A nerni x manaya, aḍuqqeẓ n yijjen tḥeryaḍt n ttiknulujit d tirart n ibidyuten, d intirnit… Manaya merra yejja iwdan ad wcen afis di min ttuɣa ɣer-sen yellan, ad swiẓẓḍen ɣer yijjen wudem n tudert d tamaynut, wer terwis ca di mamek i ttuɣa tt-tteddren lejdud.
Yemsar ubeddel di mamek i nettett d mamek i nyirreḍ d mamek i nbenna d mamek i nettirar… S uya, wer yelli minzi ɣa nbedd di tḥeryaḍin-a i daneɣ yessettun di leɛwayed-nneɣ, illa s uzemmem n iɣezdisa n tudert-nneɣ i xef wḍan igeddimen n tattut.
Ad sserɣeɣ tfawt x tirart i wer yeqqimen ca lexxu. Mala ttuɣa iḥenjiren ttafen amuni n twacunt di taddart d ijjen wazzerg n ufaji d tikkest x wul, d tirart jer wawmaten d tawmatin, niɣ jer ibabaten d tarwa-nsen… Lexxu tedwel twacunt temsebḍa amen tmun. Yedwel kul ijjen mani i yebbeẓ azellif deg utilifun, waxxa aqqa-ten deg wexxam d ijjen. Di lweqt mani ttuɣa dinni iklusay n tirarin ttiraren-tent ɣir deg wexxam, amecnaw Mjur iɣergnen, Jeɛɛu, čemm, Mezzuj merfaḍ, Tiqnuffar, Ḥatta matta, Tixxamin…
Čemm
Tettwasemma « čemm » niɣ « man afus i yellan sennej« . Ttuɣa smunan ayt n twacunt (Awmaten d tawmatin d baba-tsen d yemma-tsen…) ifassen-nsen d tiqebbiḍin, srusan-ten ijjen x wenneɣni. Awarn-as, ad yebda yijjen ad iḥesseb tazzitin-nni mani ttemsagaren iḍuḍan, ad yeqqar:
-Wi yilan axbuc-a?
A x-as tterran yinneɣni:
– N uɣerḍa!
– I wa?
– N uɣerḍa.
– I wa?
– N uɣerḍa.
Al aneggar, ad iseqsa ɛawed:
– I wa?
– N tlefsa.
Lexdenni ad yemsar wemsawal jer wenni i ttuɣa ittseqsan, d yinneɣni i dinni yessersen ifassen-nsen. Netta ad ittseqsa, nitni a x-as tterran:
– Mani tella tlefsa-nni?
– Ccin-tt ixecxac!
– Mani llan ixecxac-nni?
– Tecca-ten tmessi!
– Mani tella tmessi-nni?
– Sxesyen-tt waman!
– Mani llan waman-nni?
– Swin-ten ifunasen!
– Mani llan ifunasen-nni?
– Γersen-asen ixedmiyen!
– Mani llan ixedmiyen-nni?
– Ddzen-ten imesdawen!
– Mani llan imesdawen-nni?
– Iwyen-ten iɣezran!
– Manis kkin iɣezran-nni?
– Aqqa-ten di lebḥer yeqqurn!
Lexdenni, isala wemsawal. Kul ijjen zeg-sen, ad yeksi aḍaḍ (imelleɣ) adu tiṭṭ, ad yejbet tilmect n wadu tiṭṭ, ad iẓemm ancucen, ad yini: « čemm« !
ad bdan ad tteggen deɣdeɣ i yijj d wenneɣni. Wenni ɣa iḍeḥken niɣ ad yessiwel, niɣ a das-banent teɣmas, ittwaḥsab yexṣar!…
Ad yadar wenni i yexsaren ɣer tmurt, ad yebbeẓ azellif di tmurt, ad yessewc s weɛrur ɣer ddhar. inneɣnit a x-as ssersen ifassen-nsen, afus x ufus, a t-ttseqsan: Man afus i yellan sennej? a x-asen dd-itterra: N flan. ittxessa-t a x-as dd-yeffeɣ nican. mala wer x-as dd-yeffiɣ, kessin ifassen deg ujenna, ccaten-t. ttseqsan-t zi jjdid. A x-as dd-yeffeɣ, uca ad bdan tirart zi jjdid.
Min yecnan di tirart-a, ttuɣa deg-s amsawaḍ d asebḥan jer ayt n twacunt. Ttuɣa deg-s amḥizwar d uselmed n iḥenjiren x tidet. Amen deg-s ɛawed aceddi n iseɣwan n tawmat i wer yessefsiy zzman deɣya.


text:
Tamaddast n tmyaqqant n ugafa aṭlanti
Tamaddast n tmyaqqant n ugafa aṭlanti (s tnglizit: North Atlantic Treaty Organization, s tfransist: Organisation du Traité de I'Atlantique Nord) nna itwassnn ula s NATO nɣ OTNA, tga tuddsa tdus asggas 1949 tbdd f amtawa n ugafa n aṭlasan nna isnin fllas ɣ Wacinṭun ɣ 4 ibrir n usggʷas 1949. Iga NATO agraw n ustan agrawan mtawant gis tmizar tigmamin f ustan ibdln irul f kra n anṭag zɣ dat n tmizar n bṛṛa. Kraḍ ɣ igmamn n NATO (d twinak imun d tfransa d briṭanya) nttni igmamn idawmn ɣ usqqim n ufra ddulitimtɛun s uzrf n vitu nna igan timizar rbḥn imarign ibalkimn. Izga waxxam unṣib n NATO ɣ harin, ɣ tmaẓunt Bljika Bruksil, ɣ imir lli illa waxxam n tirmatin d inmsisitn yzgan ɣ tama n Muns, ɣ Bljika.
NATO iga amsisa ittwaskr zɣ 29 n tmazirt tagmamt anzarug ɣ timnaḍin kullutn n tamirikt tagafant d Uruppa. Da tdraw 21 n tmazirt yaḍn ɣ wahil n tdrawt bac ad yili ufra iḍfr i tuddsa n usdukkl n ugafa aṭlasan, d tdrawt n 155 n tmazirt yaḍn ɣ wahil n umsawal amsdus
Amgrad ad iga amud, imẓẓiy ka sul. Aws i Wikipidya s usnfl nns, tssimɣurt t.


text:
beḥḥetVB [beḥḥet]
enquêter; instruire une affaire; questionner avec insistance ou insidieusement
Flexions beḥḥetbeḥḥteɣ ttbeḥḥitent tettbeḥḥit ttbeḥḥitemt beḥḥten ibeḥḥet ittbeḥḥiten tettbeḥḥitem tettbeḥḥiteḍ ibeḥḥten nbeḥḥet beḥḥtemt ttbeḥḥiten ittbeḥḥit ttbeḥḥitet tbeḥḥtemt tbeḥḥteḍ yettbeḥḥiten nettbeḥḥit ttbeḥḥiteɣ beḥḥtent tbeḥḥet beḥḥtet beḥḥet tettbeḥḥitemt yettbeḥḥit ttbeḥḥit tbeḥḥtem
Sources beḥḥet
- BOUAMARA Kamel, Issin : Asegzawal n teqbaylit s teqbaylit, Editions l'Odyssée, Tizi-Ouzou, 2010
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982


text:
Kinder der Kabylei suchen freiwillige Übersetzer ins Kabylische
Kinder der Kabylei cherchent traducteurs bénévoles vers le Kabyle
Aqlaɣ n ttnadi wid ak yesnen a daru n s teqvaylit iw akken ad n cbbeḥ leqdic aki s tutlayt nneɣ.
Aru t d
ɣer : a.amrioui@gmx.de
D ACU T WAYA? / AXXAM N TMUSNI / IGURDEN
Ansuf yis-wen gar warrac n Tmurt n Yiqbayliyen
I yimeɣṛiyen, ladɣa wid yeṭṭafaṛen asmel-agi, ad ken-nwelleh ad terzum ɣer txeddit " leqdic ".Tixeddit-agi tettwaqdac yal ass.
Di txeddit " Tamurt n Yiqbayliyen ", ad naf isallen yerzan Tamurt n Yiqbayliyen.
Asurif
„ Kinder der Kabylei “ d tikti Taqbaylit-Talmanit yesean udem uslig, tlul-d deg useggas n 2010. Iswi agejdan n usenfaṛ, si tama, d tikci n uzekka iwulmen i warrac Iqbaylien yettidiren di taddart Ilunisen zdat uɣerbaz uzlig n udabu, si tama-nniḍen, d tuṭṭfa akked usekfel n tutlayt akked yidles n Yiqbaylien.
Bab n usurif-agi d mass Manis Axxam Qasi (Ahmed Amrioui) ilulen deg Wat Yeḥya Musa aseggas 1950, d ababat n sin warrac. Yezger akayad n BAC atikniki uqbel ad iɣeṛelectro-mécanique di Magdebourg s akin yuɣal ar tmurt akken ad yeseeddi lɛeskeṛ di Berwagiya; dɣa yexdem kra n wakud deg umalu azzayri uqbel ad iṣud ɣer Lalman anda yettidir seg yimir.Imi yekfa umecwaṛ n uxeddm-is, yefka iɣil-is i uzekka n warrac n taddart-is. Dda Ḥmed irezzu ɣef tmurt nnig tikkelt deg useggas d leqdiuc i lmend n warrac.Yezwar asenfaṛ-ines s usali n wadeg ara yessemlalayen wid yeean 4 ɣer 15 iseggasen wala ad tuhen deg yiberdan neɣ ad dmumɣen deg wulac. Deg uxxam-agi, mačči d urar kan akked tlelli ara afen, maca d aswir n tɣuṛi ara ssalin yerna d aḍar ɣer umaḍal s umata.Daɣen ad sseftin timusniwin-nsen deg tutlayt Taqbaylit, Tafṛansist, Tagnizit, atg...daɣen ad sfaydin s kra n inumak n tussniwin tagmawiyin akked titiknikiyin.Tuffɣiwin n umerreḥ akked leqdicat idelsanen zgan deg wahil.Maca deg wahil, aḥric yeṭṭfen taqacuct d win n tutlayt tayemmat. Deg wayen yerzan Taqbaylit, tutlayt-nsen tayemmat, ɣer Yilemanen neɣ ɣer leǧnas-nniḍen, mačči d ayen d-yesnulfa uɣṛef Aqbayli.Deg tuget n tmura n umaḍal, arrac lemmden tutlayt tayemmat, di Tmurt n Yiqbayliyen ur sein ara azref-agi agejdan.
Tineggura-yagi kan i yebda uselmed n Teqbaylit.Aselmed-agi ur
yettaččaṛ ara tiṭ n uɣṛef Aqbayli akked
lebɣi-s.Akken ad yuɣal kulci s amkan-is, yella-d
usenfaṛ-agi d aḥraz i Teqbaylit
dɣa d
abrid mgal afernas i tettqabal tutlayt Taqbaylit s tutlayt Taeṛabt i yugi
uɣṛef
Aqbayli seg wasmi tettwasbed d tutlayt tunṣibt di Tmurt n
Yiqbayliyen.
Rnu daɣen lebɣi n kra n
yimeqṛanen n taddart yessarmen ad lemden tira n Teqbaylit xas ur
ɣṛin
ara.D ayen i d-yefkan igemmaḍ ur nettuṛaju deg cit n
wakud.
Lebɣi
d amedya ara yili usenfaṛ-agi akken ad yessebɣes yal Aqbayli izemren ad yefk afus n tallelt i warrac di taddart-is.
Asirem.Seg ul zeddigen n bab
usurif-agi, yessaram ad iwali isurifen-nniḍen di Tmurt n Yiqbayliyen akken ad nessiweḍ ɣer tudert tuklal tmetti deg uwanek atrar.Aɣerbaz-agi d beddu n uɣerbaz s timmad-is.
Izuṛan n leqdic-agi yakk,
ad t-id-naf deg unadi di tudert n Dda Ḥmed.Yekker-d d snat tsetmatin akked sebea watmaten, d anagi ɣef twaɣit iḥuzan axxam-nsen s ubumbaṛdi di lawan n lgirra mgal Iṛumyen, kra deg watmaten ttwaḥuzan maḍi, yemma-s iṛuḥ-as yiɣil.ayen tkemmel lgirra d iseggasen, kemmlent nitni ttwaceyyren nebla tamezduɣt, d netta kan iwumi d-tṣaḥ tegnit n uɣerbaz i s-yefkan turagt i tezrawt di beṛṛa imi d-yewwi akayad n BAC, wamma ayetma-s akk ur ɣṛin ara.
Xas di Lalman i yettili, d yiwen si gar wid qlilen i irezzun yal seggas ɣef tmurt yerna yessen amek yeṭṭef imurar n twacult-is.Maca ṛṛwaḥ-is ɣer tmurt, yessegra-yas-d iḥebbiṛ ɣef yifri i deg tkeččem Tmurt n Yiqbayliyen di yal aḥric.
Ur ilewwa ara ad yettwali liḥala-nni s usenqes ladɣa asenqed i t-yerran d imi i wid s-iqqaṛen "yebɣa ad ibeddel igenni" imi n medden ur ibeddel kra deg wallaɣ-is acku afus n tallelt d win yebda tikci-s i twacult-is i t-iqeṛben akken ad d-ffɣen xerṣum seg wanu n uɣerbaz uzlig Azzayri.
S wakken i d-ilul deg uxxam-is
uɣerbaz uslig n twacult.Ileḥḥu wakud, yuɣal uɣerbaz-nni deg uxxam d allal ula i warrac n lǧiran almi ula i warrac n taddart akk.Tikli iwatan n
lecɣal, tessaweḍ-d ɣer tikti n ureqqee n yiwen lebni yettwahujṛen akken ad yuɣal d tansa n temlilit, n tallelt n tɣuṛi, n yidles Aqbayli akked tussna tamaḍlant. S yenna akin iluled „AXXAM N TMUSNI“.


text:
Timdinin tuṛufiyin ssenfalint-d tamsetlelt-nsent d uzref n uguccelman n uɣref awniriAkras, 13 Yulyu 2022 10:03
FIRENZE (Ṭṭalyan) – Ufrinen n tɣiwanin tuṛufiyin igan asiknew d temdinin tiwniriyin n yigruren n yizrazaɣen wekkden-d, deg temdint taṭalyanit n Firenze, ɣef « tḍullit n usdukkel n wussisen akken ad yaweḍ uɣref awniri ɣer uzarug yernu ad yamed akken yessefk izerfan-nnes ».
Askasi ɣef umyenkaf n Tniri Tutrimt deg Strasbourg: Adhal meqqren i uɣref awniriAkras, 06 Yulyu 2022 11:45
STRASBOURG (Fṛansa) – Mennaw n yimazanen uṛufiyen ay d-yessenfalin adhal-nsen aruwtil i uɣref awniri deg umennuɣ-nnes i uzarug mgal unewdag ameṛṛuki, yernu wekkden-d ɣef « tiɣɣudma n temsalt-a d tissuḍeft n tnegmiyin-nnes ».
Iɣlanen Yeddukklen d Tdukli Tafriqit yessefk ad ddmen timasiyin-nsen deg wayen yerzan aɣref awniriAkwas, 26 Mayu 2022 16:47
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Iger-d tiɣri umeɣnas n yizerfan n umdan, Mahrez Lamari, i Tuddsa n Yiɣlanen Yeddukklen d Tdukli Tafriqit, akken ad ddmen timasiyin-nsen deg wayen yerzan aɣref awniri akken ad as-reẓmen abrid ad yamed azref-nnes i tlelli d uzarug.
Tukksa n usehres seg Tniri Tutrimt: Tiɣri i Spenyul akken ad teddem tamasit-nnesAynas, 21 Fuṛaṛ 2022 10:35
BRUXELLES – Yenna-d uselway n Tegduda Tawnirit, Brahim Ghali, dakken Spenyul tla tamasit d tazerfant, tamezruyant, tasertant d tnelɣit deg wayen yerzan aɣref awniri, yernu yessefk ad turar tamlilt-nnes deg userbeḥ n tukksa n usehres seg Tniri Tutrimt yettwawedgen.
Tifrat tasertant yersen ɣef tsefrant d tanegmit tagejdant n Terni n PolisarioAsimwas, 14 Yennayer 2022 16:57
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Yenna-d unmazal n Tegduda Taɛṛabt Tawnirit Tamegdayt deg Zzayer, Abdelkader Taleb Omar, dakken tanegmit tagejdant n Terni n Polisario, tin ara tefk i umazul udmawan n uwnetlay amatu n Tuddsa n Yiɣlanen Yeddukklen, Staffan de Mistura, d tasefrant i uguccelman.
Taneɣtust 1514: Iwniriyen ttṛajun tasefrant-nsen n uguccelmanAsinas, 14 Dujembeṛ 2021 14:09
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Yesfugel umaḍal, ass n usinas, amulli wis 61 n usmemmi n Tesguri n Tukci n Uzarug i Tmura d Yiɣerfan Ihersanen deg Ugraw Amatu n Tuddsa n Yiɣlanen Yeddukklen, deg wakud aydeg Tiniri Tutrimt, tahrest taneggarut deg Tefriqt, tsul tegguni tasefrant-nnes n uguccelman.
Lamamra: Fṛansa tunṣibt yessefk « ad tekkes asehres seg umezruy-nnes »Akwas, 07 Tubeṛ 2021 11:50
BAMAKO – Yenna-d uneɣlaf n yiweẓla iwerdaniyen, Ramtane Lamamra, seg Bamako, dakken Fṛansa tunṣibt yessefk « ad tekkes asehres seg umezruy-nnes » akken ad tṣeggem, s lḥir, « afelles akatan yettɛeddin, bnaqes, seg tsuta ɣer tayeḍ ».
Tukksa n usehres seg Tiniri Tutrimt: Asarag agraɣlan ɣef tmasit n Tuddsa n Yiɣlanen YeddukklenAsimwas, 02 Yulyu 2021 11:08
MADRID – Tagnit tamecɣabt n yizerfan n umdan deg Tniri Tutrimt d tmasit n Tuddsa n Yiɣlanen Yeddukklen deg ukala n tukksa n usehres seg tehrest taneggarut n Tefriqt llan-d d isental n yiwen n usarag n agraɣlan ay d-yellan ass n ukras deg Madrid.


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Tinml
Tinml nɣ Aɣrbaz (s taclḥit takuyast: Sskwila nɣ Lmdṛṣt) iga tasntut n usslmd nna ɣ ttlmadn inlmadn timsirin d kigan n tussniwin, da gis tettili tɣri s tugt n tmsirin igan tamnzut d tanammast d tasmuttgt tasinant, ism nns tiɣri tamnzut n bzziz ɣ kigan n tmizar. Da bṭṭun tinmal s tinmal n tnbaḍt d tinmal tusligin d tinmal tignsanin.
Ɣ tugt n tmizar, ur igi wadduy s tinml s bzziz, maca iga "usslmd n iḥnjirn" mkann. lla kra tdrsa g ibabatn nna istin ad sslmdn tarwa nnsn ɣ tgmmi . Issnti usslmd n bzziz zɣ usggas wis sḍiṣ nɣ wis sa ɣ wawtay n warraw.
Issnti usslmd n bzziz s wadaf s tinml ɣ usggas wis sḍis. Ɣ tmsirt ad ittktasab uḥnjir tirsal n tiɣri d tirra d usiḍn. Tga tmsirt bahra imqqurn acku da tettaws i unlmad d ar tbnnu tamadant nns. tmqqur bahra mk ttawsn iɣrbaɣn ɣ usbuɣlj n tiwangimin n inlmadn d twisi f urmas (afhm).
Amgrad ad iga amud, imẓẓiy ka sul. Aws i Wikipidya s usnfl nns, tssimɣurt t.


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Ɣef lǧal n uɣurar ay iḥuzan mennaw n twilayin n tmurt, tger-d Tmehla Tamatut n Umesten Aɣarim tiɣri i « teɣḍeft d uzrak n yisemtar n uḥezzeb i usenqes n tmijwin yerzan aɣurar », am wakken ay d-tenced iɣermanen akken « ad zerken azrak d umqit yisemtar n uḥezzeb ».
Yessemtar umesten aɣarim iɣermanen akken ur ttɣimin ara aṭas i tafukt, ladɣa imɣaren d wid yesɛan aṭṭanen yezgan akked yigerdan. Daɣ, yessemtar akken medden ad medlen lelwaḥ n tzewwa-nsen yettmagaren tafukt, yernu ad reẓmen tizewwa, deg yiḍ, akken ad ǧǧen tasmuḍi ad d-tadef.
Yenced-d daɣ iɣermanen akken ad reẓmen tiwwura d tzewwa deg yixxamen-nsen akken ad ǧǧen acelyaḍ ad yeddu yernu ur ttɣimin ara deg yideggen umdilen, am wakken ay yessefk ad sneqsen aseqdec n tesfiwin titrisanin yernu ad sneqsen tiddit deg ubrid deg tallit-a n uɣurar.
Amesten aɣarim yessemtar akken medden ad ssiklen tanezzayt zik niɣ tameddit, mi ara yerẓ lḥal, ladɣa deg twilayin n ugensu n tmurt, am wakken ay yessefk ad qqimen medden i tili anect akk umi zemren.
Amdan, ma terra-t tmara ad yeffeɣ, a win yufan ad yeqqen arazal, ad yels iceṭṭiḍen d ifessasen (tabduɣt) yernu d iwesɛanen. Iceṭṭiḍen yif-it ad sɛun initen d ifrarayen yernu yif-it ma yessanef umdan i umahil deg beṛṛa, ladɣa ma yella amahil-nnes d win yeḥwajen taẓwert tafekkant (addal, abeḥḥer, asfusker), ɣef wakken ay d-yerna ulɣu-a.
Amesten aɣarim yessemtar, daɣ, akken ur ttɛumun ara medden deg tḥarazin n waman (uggugen, iḥebbasen, isariǧen d tmedwa) yernu ur tteddun ara ɣer teftisin yettwagedlen i urdab.
Daɣ, amesten aɣarim yessemtar iɣermanen akken ad allen imdanen yesrin tallalt (isigmiyen, igerdan, imɣaren, imuḍinen) yernu ad asen-ttafken aman. Deg wayen yerzan inehhaṛen ur yesɛin ara isnezwayen, yif-it ma ur gin ara isiklen d iɣezfanen deg uzal, yernu a win yufan ad ssiklen tameddit, mi ara yerẓ lḥal, niɣ deg yiḍ.
Daɣ, yif-it ma yeqqim umdan i tili, deg udeg d asemmaḍ, ur ur yessefk ara ad ǧǧen igerdan i yiman-nsen daxel tikeṛṛusin. Yessemtar daɣ umesten aɣarim iɣermanen akken ur ttgen ara tiɣawsiwin ay izemren ad ssiɣent timest deg tẓegwa.
I lmend n tallalt n yimdanen yenḍerren, amesten aɣarim yesɛa uṭṭun azegzaw n 1021 d wuṭṭun n tetrabin n 14. Win ara yeɣren i wuṭṭunen-a, yessefk ad d-yefk tansa taseddit d yifatusen ɣef usehwu ay yeḍran, ɣef wakken ay d-yenna ulɣu-a.


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Abelleɛ d uɣewweɣ n laẓ! Lḥukuma Tameɣrabit tegga x ubelleɛ d uzeyyar deg wakud‑a n Corona. Aṭṭas n yisebbaben n webrid, iweḍḍer-asen min ɣa xedmen! Di simanat i yeɛdan, ffɣen yewdan ad sɣuyyen s laẓ, aṭṭas n yiḥudriyen i ittamnen s uxarres n Marks‑Lenin, ffɣen ass n 23 yunyu 2020 ad ɣewwɣen x lḥukuma i xaf‑sen ibellɛen deg wakud‑a, arami wer ufin min ɣa ccen. Aṭṭas zeg yizellifen n umussu‑ya ttwaṭṭfen. Manaya yessufeɣ‑dd kid‑sen imeẓlaḍ zi ledcur d lkampawat nniḍen. Rote Fahne news, (ineɣmisen n tɛellamt tazegg°aɣt) d ijjen Site n yiẓelmaḍen.
Abelleɛ d uɣewweɣ n laẓ!
Lḥukuma Tameɣrabit tegga x ubelleɛ d uzeyyar deg wakud‑a n Corona. Aṭṭas n yisebbaben n webrid, iweḍḍer-asen min ɣa xedmen!
Di simanat i yeɛdan, ffɣen yewdan ad sɣuyyen s laẓ, aṭṭas n yiḥudriyen i ittamnen s uxarres n Marks‑Lenin, ffɣen ass n 23 yunyu 2020 ad ɣewwɣen x lḥukuma i xaf‑sen ibellɛen deg wakud‑a, arami wer ufin min ɣa ccen. Aṭṭas zeg yizellifen n umussu‑ya ttwaṭṭfen. Manaya yessufeɣ‑dd kid‑sen imeẓlaḍ zi ledcur d lkampawat nniḍen.
Rote Fahne news, (ineɣmisen n tɛellamt tazegg°aɣt) d ijjen Site n yiẓelmaḍen.


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Yessufeɣ‑dd Artista Arifi Jaouad Ttanuti ijjen ubidyu n Izran dag‑s azgen n tminut. Yenna dag‑s belli aɣennij yekmel ad d-yeffeɣ deg wass n 04.12.
Aɣennij‑a isejjel-it aked Lina Charif, yegga-as llɣa d amaynu mamek i d-itteḍhar di Trailer‑nnes.
Mamek yettwassen Jaouad niɣ ART-6, d ijjen artista yejhed di tmusiqt, zi lebda ittegg iṣuraf iggʷjen x qaɛ artistat Irifiyen. Tamunt akd Lina Charif i yella d spesyalista deg izran yedher zi beddu belli ad tejj ca n uɣennij yecna. Tamɛawant-a jar tnayen-a n artistat ad tewwec ijjen lɣillet d tasebḥant, mamek ireẓẓem tabridt ɣer twiza ixess ad tili jar inaẓuren n Arrif.
Yettɣima d araji x isennanen, ad nsel i tnayn n tmijjawin lebda sqasant‑aneɣ s taẓyuḍi d tcuni d ticcukaḍ d qaɛ min ittadfen ul.


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Le Rifain
Awarn i ubeddi n xemsa n iyuren zeg usewwer n tseddit « Meɣriḍu ». Asbeddi-ya i dd-yusin d isuraf n uḥadur zeg ubirus n Covid-19. Tedwel terfiqt n tseddit-a ḥuma ad tkemmel asewwer-nnes.
Meɣridu, i ttuɣa nettraja bac a dd-ɛdunt tlatin n texrazin-nnes di remḍan i yeɛdun. Maca lebbla-ya n kuruna i dd-yehwan x lɣeflet, tessefrinar-it. Manaya i yejjin atlibizyun n tmaziɣt a dd-yesseɛdu taseddit n « nigru » i twalat nniḍen deg wemkan n meɣriḍu.
Meɣriḍu, i ittsewwren di Ddriwec. D ijjen tenfust n tlata n iḥudriyen, ad wḍan di lfexx n yijjen mafya n tmura d lebni d usenɛerq aḥessi. Zegga i nejmen, jjullen ad xelfen zi mafya-nni, s usexdem n tebridin n ttiknulujit tatrart.
Yenna Muḥemmed Buzeggu deg yijjen tzemmemt-nnes di Facebook: « Awarn i ubiddi… Tedwel-dd tẓuri… Meɣriḍu.. »
Yerni Buzeggu yenna: « Ssitimeɣ zi tmeddukal-inu d imeddukal-inu, ijjen s yijjen. Titiqniyin d itiqniyen, tinaẓurin d inaẓuren isuraf iqaden di lxedmet i tteggen. Tteggen merra tizemmar-nsen ḥuma a dd-ssufɣen lxedmet-a i ibedden ca n xemsa n iyuren.. Ɣer zzat, ttqadiɣ-kenniw s wul-inu.. »
Asinaryu n tseddit-a yura-t Muḥemmed Buzeggu. Yessufuɣ-it-idd Ṭariq Lidrisi. ttiraren deg-s yetran n utlibizyun n sini di Arif. Zeg-sen Benɛisa Lmestiri d Ɛebdellah Anas d Racid Ameɛṭuk d Mimun Zanun, d Ṭariq Ccami, d Samira Lmesluḥi, d Silya Ziyani, d Meryem Ssalmi, d Cayma Ɛellawi, d Btisam Ɛebbasi, d Muḥemmed Selṭana d Ṭṭeyyeb Lmeɛɛac d Rafiq Berjal d yinneɣni…


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Tamurt n Spenyul d amaslaḍ di Tadukli n Tmura n Turuft (UE). Tezga-d deg unẓul utrim n Turuft akked deg Tefriqt n Ugafa.
Tamanaɣt-is d Madrid.
Deg aneẓaw n turuft tḥerr amur ameqran seg tazunegzirt n Iberia. Ama deg tefriqt n ugafa, tesɛa snat n timdinin deg wakal n umeṛṛuk Sebta
akked Mlilt.
Deg Ilel Agrakal tesɛa Tigzirin Baleares. Ama deg ugaraw aṭlantik tesɛa Tigzirin Tiknariyin.
Ɣef leḥsab n tmenḍawt n Spanya deg amagrad wis 3.1 n usaḍuf, el castellanoTaspanyulit d tutalyt tunṣibt n uwanak. G aseggas n 2012 tella d tutalyt tayemmat n 82% n yespenyuliyen.
Ɣef leḥsab n umagrad wis 3.2 n usaḍuf aspanyuli, tutlayin tispenyuliyin nniḍen d tuniṣibin deg timnaḍin-nsent af leḥsab n uẓayer-nsent (Amedya : tutlayt takatalanit g tamnaḍt n Katalunya).
Spanya tesɛa anezmar ameqran i tmerrit (Tourisme), tella tamurt tis 3 anda rzan medden g 2016 s wazal n 75,3 imelyunen n yinerzafen.
Annect-a n tmerrit yefka tayett tameqrant i tadamsa taspanyulit.
Adriz(latar) n bnadem amezwaru (win yegan am ṣṣenf n imdanen Homo) di tmurt n Spanya, yesɛa 1,2 n imelyunen n iseggasen uqbel tura. Ufan agamis n yiwen n umdan n ṣṣenf Homo di tama n Atapuerca g ugafa n tmurt.


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Ma yella asebter-ik isseqdac ddeqs n tkatut, ddu ɣer Firefox.
Yal ahil i tesselkameḍ itett takatut. Ticki assuder meqqer, anagraw-ik ad yuɣal ẓẓay aṭas. Firefox yettnadi kan ayen ilaqen: isseqdac ayen i s-ilaqen n tkatut akken ad k-yeǧǧ ad tinigeḍ s zreb sakin ad tserrḥeḍ i wayen ilaqen akken ad yeddu unagraw-ik s wudem ilaqen.
Chrome isseqdac alamma d 1.77x ugar n tkatut ɣef Firefox. Ma yella aselkim-ik ur yegbir ara aṭas n tkatut, ayagi yezmer ad t-yerr ẓẓay. Aseqdec n lqem aneggaru n Firefox s waget-ikalan yezmer ad d-yeglu s uselkem n drus n useqdec n tkatut, ayen ara yeǧǧen ahilen-ik ad ddun akken iwata.
Inig di web s zreb s Tunigin tusligt n Firefox. Ala askar uslig n Firefox i yesɛan ammesten mgal aḍfar win issewḥalen adellel s ineḍfaṛen seg usali n yisebtar. Tukksa n zyada n yismal, ad yerr asali n yisebtar fessus.


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Yenna ijjen issawal s yisem n Facebook, belli WhatsApp yeggur ad iḍleq i ulaɣi s vidyu x ikumpyutren deg useggas-a wanita. Amec tenna Reuters ataf WhatsApp ad igg ḥazḥaz aked imeqqranen n ulaɣi s uvidyu ameknaw Zoom d Google meet. WhatsApp, amec yettwassen sxeddamen-t araḥar ca n tnayen n melyar n midden deg umaḍal.
Tuɣa izwar-as tenna WhatsApp belli nettat tqedjeb lxedmet-a n ulaɣi n uvidyu tufi-itt ixeddem mliḥ. Manaya x yiri n « WABetaInfo ». Aḥebbes n yiwdan di tudrin-nnsen deg iyuren i yeɛdan. Ijja midden ad sxedmen aṭṭas applikasyunat n wemsawaḍ, imelyunen n yiwdan ig ixedmen zi tudrin-nnsen.


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Leonardo Fibonacci
D amussnak (mathématicien) aṭelyani, Leonardo Fibonacci, neɣ Leonardo Pisano (Leonardo n Pise), ilul di temdint n Pise tamdint n tnezzut (commerce). Mi yewweḍ 20 n yiseggasen di ticett-is iḍfer baba-s ɣer tafriqt ugafa (ar Bgayet) din i yeɣra anagraw n usmiden ihendiyen d usmiden inselmanen. Mi d-yuɣal ɣer Turuft (Europe), deg useggas 1202, yessuffeɣ-d adlis Liber abaci, deg-s i d-immal asmiden anselman d wulac (0).
Fibonacci yura ɣef tiẓri n yemḍanen d tnezzeggit (géométrie), yettwassen daɣen s umazrar (suite) n "tlalit n iwtal":
U1=0 ; U2=0 ; Un=Un-1 + Un-2 n>2 (0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ...).
Amazrar-agi isnulfa t-id asmi is d-sutren kra n imɣiden ɣef tnerni n iwtal-nsen. Ran ad walin acḥal n iwtal ar a d-yeǧ myal awtul illan ɣur-sen. Dɣa netta, imi i issen i tusnakt tikli issal-id amazrar yeṭfen ism-is ar ass-a : amazrar n Fibonacci.
Iɣbula[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Ḥend Sadi Tusnakt s wurar - Mathématiques récréatives, Asalu & ACB, 1990


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I wseḥbiber mgal anfufed n uvirus covid-19, aneɣlaf amenzu n fransa mas Jean Castex, iberḥ-ed ass n lḥed 31 yennayer ɣef ttnac n yiḍ, isalli n usekker n tlisa i yal akk timura i d-yezgan beṛṛa n lber n luṛuppa.
Rray n usekker n tlisa, yus-ad imiren, imi mazal ur d-yewwiḍ ara usafar i wecṛaḍ n weɣref afransi, acku iban-ed leɛḍil deg temsalt agi, acku alamma d tazwara n tefsut ara d-yaweḍ s waṭas deg xemmem n udabu afransi.
Inigen ger fransa d lezzayer
Ar ass-a krad n tkubbaniyin kan umi yettwanefk wamek ara gen inigen ger snat n tmura yagi, gar-asent : seg lezzayer llant kan Air France, ASL Airlines, ma seg fransa tella kan Air Algérie, dɣa deg waya ttwaheggan krad n yinigen deg wagur n Fuṛar sin deg umnensriffeg n Paris Orly, yiwen seg umnesriffeg n Roissy Charles de Gaulle.
Anwi iminigen i zemren ad d-asen deg lezzayer ar fransa ?
Ass-agi 5 n yeḥricen kan n iminigen i zemren ad inigen ger lezzayer ar fransa, wigi : Iṛuppiyen, d twaculin-nsen, izayriyen yeṭṛasɛen deg Fransa, yakk d izayriyen d yeqbayliyen yesɛan Visa ɣuzzifen deg wakud ( Visa D) i usegrew n twacult ( regroupement familiale) nebla ma nettu izayriyen d yeqbayliyen yesran i tujya.


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Amagrad : Timliliyin Temzayt
Asmil : Iskaren n tanaramant
Amyaru:Amaruyidir
Di tazwara , ad nesmekti bli tamzayt d aferdis agejdan n tanaramant, mebla tamzayt ur d-tetsili ara uguzdi. Iɣella ad gen amek ara yili unagraw n temzayin di yal armud.
Seg mi ad yili ahil n temzayt ikfa, ad t-nebḍu d timliliyin.
Acala n wakud n temliliyin nesbed-it deg useqqamu n temzayt s tesmidegt iked irmuden n uguzdi. Tamzayt isɛan tazmert ilaq ad temlili xarsum yal 15 wussan.
Deg uguzdi ilha ma yela yetsili-d yiwen urmud i uguzdi snat neɣ kraḍ i temzayt.
Timliliyin ad ilin-t deg umḍiq n uguzdi, neɣ di tiɣmart n temzayt, neɣ deg uxam n albɛaḍ n imeslaḍ, maca ila win i ten-yifen d agama.
Ur ilaq ara ad netsu bli timlilit n temzayt mačči d Aseqqamu neɣ tagnits usqerdec n wuguren tmetti neɣ imeslaḍ. D imidrus anda ara nwali imeslaḍ n temzayt qimen ar tgida. Asqerdec, tiɣasin, d tawuri n useqqamu n temzayt. Timlilit n temzayt d tagnits i tlalit n isenfaren daɣen d alal i useḍru n tesmegirit i s-d-fkan deg useqqamu n ifesnawen.
Yal timlilit ilaq ad temgarad af weltma-s xas ma mačči deg ahil, deg tarayt, urraren ad ilin ger irmuden niḍen, ilaq ad nmel tanfa n tẓuri i nelmed. Timlilit tezmer ad t-senti s tezribt ad neḍfar, aken ad naweḍ ar umḍiq nebɣa, neɣ s wazen i nefka i yal yiwen send asenti n wurrar.
Mačči attas n wakud n glu, mačči aṭṭas n wurrar d tazla, amdal n wurrar mazal ur terwin ara ifaddaden d aseked n ternawalt-is i wass niḍen.
Tarnawalt n temliliyin
Timlilyin d tirziwin d ul n temzayt. D tigi ara yarren tamzayt d tamudirt neɣ xaṭi, i lmend n ternawalat n temlilit laqen ukuz iferdisen.
- Asbruqel : Ilaq af inaraman ad azlen, ad urraren, s temzizliwin.
- Tiswaɣt : S tenqisin, urrar, d cnawi.
- Almed n umaynut : Mebla ma nelmed amaynut, ur nsafari ara ar zdat.
- Asilaɣ: Asilaɣ i tɣara s leqdic n takuta.
Amedya n temlilit n temzayt
Ataya amek tezmer ad teg temlilit n temzayt. Amedya-agi mačči d tasurets n Qran, aken ad nemsegzu aken iwata
Ayen ara neg akud?
Aken, ur netetsu ara armud, yerna ur yeli wurmud ara ifɣen i tilas, ifaddaden ur sungufen ara.
Ɣar daɣen


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- Agemmay n Tifinaɣ
Anasiw n Tira s Tifinaɣ(Clavier d’écriture en Tifinaɣ)
Asnas n tira s Tifinaɣ(Application Mobile Clavier Tifinagh)
Idlisen d wid I d-nḥawec seg yal tama, nebɣa ad ten-zen iked wiyaḍ mebla ma nurǧa taseglit n idrimen anagar, asnerni n tutlayt-na, d usisdeg n umawal i nseqdac di tudert n yal ass.
Tajmilt tamezwarut ad tuɣal I imyura d tezrigin I d-isufɣen Imawalen-agi.
Ma yella umeskar neɣ umsizreg nḍur, ad aɣ-d-yesiweḍ izen ɣer Tansa-nneɣ, imir kan ad nesfeḍ amudd, ma yella ines.”
- Amawal N Tmaziɣt Tatrart (Français / Tamaziɣt)
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A m a w a l n T s e n s e l k i m t
Amawal Anmlan-Lexique Scolaire


text:
َAmagrad : Amuder tamatart temzayt
Asmil : Iskaren n tanaramant
Amyaru:Amaruyidir
Di tazwara , ad nesmekti bli tamzayt d aferdis agejdan n tanaramant, mebla tamzayt ur d-tetsili ara uguzdi. Iɣella ad gen amek ara yili unagraw n temzayin di yal armud.
Amudar tamatart
Isem n temzayt, mačči d ayen ara d naf kan aka, ma yela imawlan send deqs n imasalen, d aḥerkel aken ad fernen isem i weqcic, d ayen-ni ula i temzayt.
Isem n temzayt d win umudar n teẓgi, inaramen n temzayt-agi ilaq fel-asen ad ɣren af umudar n temzayt-nsen : taɣara-ines, imaladen-is, amxin n tudert-is…atg, aken ad ilin am netsa.
Ad naf taɣara n uzkel n ismawen imudaren di talit n Ruman. Mgal ayen netsxemim, taɣara-agi mačči d tin iqnen ar ihindiyen n Marikan maca ar imnayen n talit-agi i akzen ar umudar i lmend n taɣara-ines.
Nsel s umenay izem, Massa tanina, anaɣlaf uccen…atg
Kra n isaḍen, d irgazen imeqranen n umezruy, neqniten di tudert-nsen, ar umudar acku ad naf ɣer-s taɣara taɣmart n ungaru-agi, Amiruc izem n akfadu.
Amudar ara nefren i temzayt, ad yeqel d azamul i imeslaḍ-is, tudert n temzayt ad tsukes seg-s tanumiyin iwatan d tɣara n umuudar-agi.
Imi tamzayt mačči d tin n wass kan, maca d timeɣlelt, tamzayt ad teḥrez isem-is, asenfel n yiwet n temzayt, d amḍal n temzayt iked tudert-is, d ansayen-is, iked umezruy-is.
Ɣar daɣen
Acu i tanaramant Amuder tamatart temzayt Tiɣmert temzayt Aseqqamu Temzayt Takbabt n temzayt
Iswiyen n temzayt Ansayen n temzayt Azmam temzayt Tamzayt


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Tenna Huda Jellul i Nadorcity.com belli assegg°as-a n lɛid wis tesɛa i tesseɛda bla baba-s. Terni, belli waxxa nitni, lwacun n Jellul, ẓẓuyten Muḥemmed Jellul, maca nitni aqqa-yen akid-s di min ittegg. Minzi wadji ittegg-it x-asen waha maca ugdud amen ikmel.
Huda, tenna belli nitni ferḥen x usnufsel n inecraf. Minzi azgen ameqqran-nnsen la nitni ɣer-sen tarwa-nnsen stahllen ad ffɣen. Mamec nettat tuɣa tessitim ad d-yeffeɣ baba-s maḥend ad tkemmel lefraḥet-nnsen. Maca amec tenna, ila lmexzen, itterra lḥarr x-as. I tenna Huda.
Terni tenna Huda ila netta wer tejjiwen qqaɛ zi baba-s, wer kid-s tesseɛdi walu: « nec qqareɣ awal n papa di tilifun waha […] tesɛ snin luxa, xemsa n tminutin i di qqareɣ awal n papa di tilifun« . Deg umsagar-nnes aked Nadorcity, tɛawed Huda x mamec i ṭṭfen baba-s deg wass-nni. Twekked ila baba-s yusa-as-dd tilifun ila netta rezzun x-as, maca Jellul ila iqqar belli netta wer yeggi walu maḥend ad t-ṭṭfen, mamec yugi ad yirwel zi taddart minzi mayen ittegg iḍhar, wer yukir maḥend ad yirwel. I tenna yelli-s n Huda, deg wawal-nnes.


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Ɛebdessamad Zeryuḥi
Twalat tamzwarut taffen tifettusin n mikruplastik deg idammen n bnadem. Twafit-a wer dd-tussi ca mebla leḥsab. Maca d ij n usurif d ameqqran ɣer zzat deg iger n tussna-ya. D manaya i nnan imrezuten Ihulandiyen zi tesdawit n Amsterdam.
Imussnawen ufin tifettusin-a n mikruplastik di 75 zi 100 n imecrak n trezut-a. Imussnawen fettcen deg idammen n 22 n yewdan. Ufin tifettusin n plastik di 17 zeg-sen.
Tenna temrezzut Marja Lamoree belli leḥsab-a ttuɣa ttrajan‑t, minzi uffin di trezzutin neɣni yeɛdan plastik deg imuddar i yeddaren deg wamman.
Maca twafit n plastik deg idammen n yewdan d ij n usurif d ameqqran minzi rux ɣer-sen tteḥqiq beli manaya yella.
Tifettusin timeẓẓyanin n plastik ttilint deg waman d macca.
Aqarri di sseḥet
Mkul ijj zeg yewdan‑a cḥal deg‑s ufin n mikruplastik d ddab n plastik. Rux ad rzun mecḥal n lweqt i ttɣimant tfettusin-a n plastik di rrimet.
Mala ttɣimant ij n lweqt d tameqqrant di rrimet, rezzun ad ssnen mani tnegrawent d mamek i ɣa qarrent di sseḥet awarni ij n lweqt tazzirat. Ufin deg imuddar beli tifettusin-a n plastik tnegrawent‑asen di tarut d wadan.
Lhawa
Qqaren imussnawen belli mikruplastik wer nzemmer a zeg-s nerwel, ḥuma wer daneɣ ittidef ɣer rrimet.
Manaya d ij n umxumbel ittraḥ immeɣɣar. Minzi mikruplastik itmarni mani ma, maca lxaṭar-nnes ɛad wer t-ssinen.
Mamec ittegg mikruplastik i tadef ɣer rrimet-nneɣ?
Aṭṭas n trezzutin sskanent beli plastik-a ittili di lhawa i nettneffas. Xmi nezluza tsummett (tsunta) niɣ dduli n qama, taɛɛejajt-nni zeg-s i dd‑itteffɣen teccur s mikruplastik.
Mikruplastik ɛawed izemmer ad itwakkes zeg ijartal, arrud, tizeyyatin n isegman xmini ttiḥmant, niɣ tizzeyatin i zi nsess aman.
Suyeni qqaren immarzuten belli aman n tsebbalt ḥsen zeg yenni n tziyat. Tizeyatin n waman deg-sent aṭṭas n mikruplastik am macca i yellan di lpakiyet n plastik.
Qqaren ɛawed beli macca i ɣa ɛeḍlen temmars x ttabla, ittxesa ad t‑ttwadel ḥuma mikruplastik wer x-as ittrus.
Tala: hln.be


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Tafekka tagnnawt
Tafekka tagennant neɣ Iynaten igennanen d yal tafekka yellan deg tallunt tuffiɣt, tifekkiwin-a bṭan-t s talɣa tagejdant ar tfekkiwin n usud anafuk yettezzin ɣef tfukt d tfekkiwin n tallunt yaggugen yellan s azɣar n usud anafuk, Dɣa tiddukla tasnallunt tagreɣlant tegzem asmil amezwar ar 3 n telmas: imtiwgen, imtiwgen igezlanen d tifekkiwin timeẓyanin n usud anafuk ma d asmil wis sin ur ila ara (ur yesɛa ara) aglam amaddud deg teddukla tasnallunt maca tettwagzam ar itran d isegniwen d imazellawen.
AmezruyẒreg
Amussu n tfekkiwinẒreg
Umuɣ n tfekkiwinẒreg
Isignaten:


text:
Yura-t : RIDOUAN PAKHROU
Deg ussan-a ineggura teksi lfusina tazeggʷaɣt ij n wudem d amaynu. Udem yezdig yecna, yerra-dd buḥbel di teɣremt-a awareni ma yexleq-as ij n ueawed n usbeddi deg ijt n taynit d tameqqrant.
Tamuɣri d tmezruyant x lfusina tazeggʷaɣt
Lfusina tazeggʷaɣt, niɣ lqelea n larbeɛ n tewrirt, nettat zi lebni akulunyal i tejja Spaniya di Arrif. Lfusina tazeggʷaɣt tusa-dd di tegrawt n larbeɛ n tewrirt, tasga n Lḥusima, Arrif amerwasu.
Deg useggʷas n 1940 (timenna n David Montgomery Hart) ad yessenta wemɣer n tɣawsiwin n imezdaɣ. Appendu Lmilyu Blanku isaka (Emilio Blanco Izaga) di lebni n lfusina tazeggʷaɣt sennej i yijt n teerurt yetsajjan xef yeɣzar n nnkur, deg ijt n temcant tecna tzemmar ad tili d asijji niɣ d taeessast xef inezbayen Irifiyen.
Lqelea n larbeɛ n tewrirt, yegg-it usppanyu ḥuma ad tegg aṭṭaṣ n lexdayem, zzag-sent taeessast, lḥebs, lmeḥkama, lidara niɣ lbiru n imezdaɣ…
Zi laggʷaj tettban lfusina tazeggʷaɣt, am ijt n teɣremt zi tɣerma n wadday n Lmeɣrib (Atlas Ameqqran), s wudem-nnes azeggʷaɣ, ula ttefsiret-nnes, tiwwura, tiburjiwin, d ssumɛet…
Lfusina ffɣen zzag-s Ispunya deg useggʷas n 1956, deg wakud mani teffeɣ zi Arrif (waxxa teqqim di Sebta d Mlilet, d cwayt n tegzirin di lebḥer acemlal). Cwayt ad tedwel lfusina n larbeɛ d tazeddiɣt n lɛesker n lmeɣrib, ujar zi manaya ad ɣer-s tili ijt n tesɣart temɣar deg iger n ueddeb n Irifiyen i yeggin fus-nnsen di tegrawla n Arrif, yettwassnen s useggʷas n iqbbaren (tagrawla n mmi-s n Lḥaj Sellam Ameẓẓyan 1958-1959), lami lmexzen Ameɣrabi yeḥger xef Irifiyen. War yessenjem ra d timɣarin, wala d isegman d iwessura…s ubeddi n ugeldun (Mulay Lhasan) s imant-nnes.
Deg iseggʷasen n tmanyin d tesein, tedwel lfusina d tazddiɣt n twacunin n iqecliwn ig ixddmen di tegrawt n Larbeɛ n twrirt. Manaya ad ikmmel xef min yeqqimen zi wenẓar d tfuyin i teksi lfusina xef werur-nnes di leɛmer-nnes.
Deg umezwar n iseggʷasen n 2000, ad ffɣen imezdaɣ zi lfusina awarn i ma sxesren-as udem, ujar lami tdwel tessaggʷad ad zzag-s d-iwḍa ca n wezgen niɣ ca n teɣmert.
Maḥend ad neḥḍa war iweṭṭi, minzi dag-s ij n wezgen zi twengimt d umezruy n Irifiyen, ksint attas n tmesmunin di Arrif amnus n ḥettu n wayda (patrimoine) di Arrif, ig ixemmlen ict n tesnart d tamqqrant zeg umezruy-nneɣ.
Isurifen d iziyraren, d tzemmar d timeqqranin, ttwaggent deg igar-a, zzag-sent tɣuyyit n tmesmunt n twengimt n Arif di Lḥusima( ذاكرة الريف) d wemɣar- nes, ameɣnas Ɛumar Lmeellem, d umsegraw n lyunisku(نادي اليونيسكو) d wemɣar-nnes Acraf Belleeli. D wattas n tmesmunin nneɣni di Arrif.
Aseggʷas n 2019 lfusina terra-dd udem-nnes
Tizemmar i ggint marra timesmunin di min yeqqnen ɣer twengimt (mémoire) d wayda (patrimoine), d umezruy (histoire) di Arrif. Ujar di tesga n lḥusima, tewca lɣillet, deg wattas n iɣezdisen, zzag-sen min yeqqnen ɣer tussna, attas n twuri yennurẓmen di tesga n Lḥusima, deg iger ig itwassnen s « lmanara n lmutawssit ». Ktar awaren wmi yekkar unhezzi n Arrif aseggʷas n 2016 d 2017 s ubeddi n wemɣar «Naser zefzafi » d wattas n iḥudriyyen.
Ayur ameggaru zeg useggʷas n 2019, ad tssenta lxmet di lfusina tazeggʷaɣt deg ijj n planu n twuri (plan d’action) tamawast n tdelsa d umsawaḍ ijt n lmizanya d tameqqrant tiwweḍ ɣer milyar d 222 melyun santim deg wakud n 8 n iyuren. Maca aked kuruna ig ileqfen Lmeɣrib am mamc telqef amaḍal tettwasbedd tawuri xirebbi d akud, zzag-s anfarar n tawuri ar adaf n useggʷas-a.
Di tidet, tamawast n tussna d umsawaḍ tegga tisurifin d timeqqranin di tesga n Lhusima, deg iger n usbeddi n lxedayem tidelsanin d min yeqqnen ɣer ḥeṭṭu n lebni aqdim. Min i dd-yerrin buḥbel i wattas n imucan d lebni i ɣer tella twengimt d umezruy di Arrif. Deg wakud d ijj ag weɛdal n Lfusina tazeggʷaɣt, dinni tawuri di «temdint n Lemzemmet » d mamec tenfarar tawuri zi « tiɣremt n Ṭurriṣ ».
Zeg uɣezdis nneɣni, qqimen attas n imucan d lebni di Arrif sdahdjen ijt n taynit d usbeddi. Ujar deg uɣezdis n usammar (جهة الشرق) i wer yeggin ura d ij n usurif deg iger-a. Attas n tiɣerma d imucan yellan di tesga n Ddriwec d Nnadur txessiten taynit d uzemmem d ayda anamur, zzag-sen taẓewḍa, tiɣremt n Serwan, lqecla n Talamɣact…


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Midden deg umaḍal amen kemlen ulawen-nnsen reẓmen ɣer baquna n Kuruna ɣa isalan krisis-a i yegga lehlak-a. Tuɣa tefsar-d fabrika n Bionic Talimant d Pfizer Tamarikanit x baquna n Kuruna. Qqaren belli izemmer ad ɣer-s tili ijjen tirwi (efficacité) tettakk°aḍ ar tesɛin di miyya. Ijjen fabrika d tameqqrant qqaren-as Moderna d Tamarikanit baquna-nnsen tattakk°aḍ ar 94%. Imerzuten qqaren belli ad d-asent ca n fabrikat nniḍen ad saqarent baqunat-nnsent. Arrusiya ula d nettat tsaqar-d baquna-nnes maca imussnawen ttcekkan dag-s.
Maca waxxa amenni ttɣiman aṭṭas n iseqsan ixess-asent timrarutin :
Ma aḥeṭṭu-ya n baquna, nican ?
Alaḥsab Bionic d Pfizer nettaf ila tirwi-nni tettakk°aḍ ar 90% maca Moderna tamarikanit tettakkwaḍ baquna-nnes ar 94%. Maca mayen xsen ad inin nnumrawat-a ? Aya ixes ad ini belli nnumru-nni n tirwi yuɛla aṭṭas. Mala nessen belli baquna n anflewanza tiweḍ 21% , Manaya ixes ad yini ila baquna n anflewanza tḥeṭta ijjen zi xemsa i yeggin baquna.
Maḥend a neḥḍa ixef-nneɣ zi ca n ubirus 100% s baquna, wer izemmer ad yili deg umaḍal n baqunat. Minzi abirus netta s ixef-nnes ittbeddal, d beṭṭu i yellan di arrimet n mkul ijjen zzag-sen.
Maca min tteggent baqunat-a tina ? Senqasent zi lehlak ig izemmer ad yehlek bnadem s ubirus-nni. Ɛawed baquna qa ttqedjabent deg waṭṭas n midden, maḥend ad ssnen anict n untibyutik i yellan di arrimet awerni i baquna. Di min iqqnen baquna n Pfizer d Bionic, min ggint ? D amezwaru bḍan tnayen n gruppawat n iwdan min xef ɣa qedjben baquna-nni d later-nnes. Kul Grup dag-s ca n 853.43 deg waṭṭas n tmura n umaḍal, azgen-nnsen s tidet ttuɣa ggin-asen baquna-nni, azgen nniḍen sniɛmilen axmi wcin-asen baquna-nni waha. Maḥend ad ssnen mamec txeddem tanfsiyt-nnsen.
Baquna tebḍa x tnayen n tecliwin (étapes), jar-asent din tlata n simanat. Aked lweqt 170 zzag-sen ttuɣa dag-sen kuruna (162 n yiwdan ttuɣa sniɛmilen ila wcin-asen baquna) s uya baquna-ya tegga ijjen 90% n uḥeṭṭu.
Ma baquna tḥeṭṭa nican ?
Bionic d Pfizer nnant belli iwdan wer din min xef ɣa agg°den « ixess wer din ttilin bu tigg°diwin s baquna n kuruna » Maca fabrikat-a tina nnant waxxa amenni izemmer ad igg ticukkaḍ niɣ timessi ɣer ca n yiwdan d tiqqest n uzellif. Ddegg-a n tmeslayin zemmrent ad ilint ɣer bnadem-a i ttuɣa ihelken qbel s ca n lehlakat.


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D acut wazal sɛan weḍrisen n Tira ? A d-nini amek alarmi uklalen a namen yis-n. D acut wazal-nsen i teflest ? D acu-t wazal-nsen amezray.
Adlisen n “Lexbaṛ n Lxir”. Neɣ “Linǧil”
Akken i ɣ-d-yewweḍ wedlis n Lɛehd Ajdid, akken i t-nessen, deg-s 27 n yeḍrisen yuran s tutlayt tagrigit. Yal aḍris yettusemma d “Adlis”. Nezmer a d-nini, xemsa-nni n yeḍrisen imezwura, d iḍrisen yuran s wudem n umezruy, deg-sen tidyanin d wussan d wayen yeḍran. D tidyanin n umezruy. Rebɛa deg-sen d wid yettusemman adlisen n “Lexbaṛ n Lxir”. Adlis n Marqus, Matta, Luqa d Yuḥenna. Yal yiwen deg-sen yettawi-d ɣef Linǧil, d isallen yessefraḥen, d izen i yemdanen yeɛnan tikci n Yillu. Tirza-ines ɣer ddunit. Ḥekkun-d amek i d-yusa Yillu ɣer yemdanen. Amek i d-ibeggen iman-is di Lmasiḥ iwakken ad isellek talsa si ddnub d tucḍa.
Amidag n Lmasiḥ ɣer useggas n 30
D ayen yellan deg umezruy, aṣemmer n Lmasiḥ ɣef umidag yella-d di leǧwahi n useggas wis 30 n talit-nneɣ. D ayen ara naf deg adlis n Luqa (Luq 3:1). Yettawi-d ɣef leqdic n Yeḥya Aɣeṭṭas i d-yusan kra n lweqt kan uqbel taɣlift n Lmasiḥ. Ayagi meṛṛa yella-d di lawan i deg yeḥkem Tiberyus. D aseggas wis 15 n tgelda-ines. Tebda tgeldit-ines deg seggas n 27 n talit-nneɣ. Tiberyus yuqel d amenkad deg seggas n 14, deg aggur n ɣucṭ. Tlata iseggasen ara yeḍrun di tneɣlaft n Lmasiḥ, alamma d lɛid n izimer, tafeska-nni tis tlata ara d-yilin deg useggas wis 30. Dinna ara d-ili tedyant n umidag.
Titeggarin timezwura yellan d tiqdimin yakan, d tibṛatin i yura Bulus s yiman-is. Tid meṛṛa yura uqbel ad yili d ameḥbus di Ṛuma, ger useggas n 60 d useggas n 62. Nufa belli azal n ɛecra n tebṛatin yura-tent ger usaggas n 48 d useggas n 60. D iḍrisen imezwura meṛṛa n Lɛehd Ajdid.
Deg uḍris iɛeddan, anda i d-newwi ɣef tnagit n Bulus, nessaken-d udem d umezruy n wergaz-agi, i yellan d amyaru meqqren, d iminig ger leǧnas, yeǧǧa-d aṭas n tiktiwin d uselmed n teflest tamasiḥit, yerna s tira-ines daɣen i yettunefk lsas n « Tira » n Lɛehd Ajdid. Degmi, deg uṭun-agi wis 5 ɣef titeggarin n Lɛhed Ajdid, a d-nawi ɣef Tira i d-yeǧǧa umceggeɛ Bulus. D ttbut iṣeḥḥan i s ibeddent « Tira » n Lɛehd Ajdid.


text:
Imelyan n yesmilen yesean udem izelgen zgan di tbagust tameqrant, kra d imectiṭaḥ am ueeqqa, tiyaḍ seant imiyyaten ikilumitren di tehri.
Ameqran deg-sen, Ceres, yesea 952 km d netta kan i d imneneḍ f idra n tudsa ines tameqrant.
Kra imusnawen ttwalin dakken kra tYawsiwin yellan deg tbagust-agi, yezmer lḥal ttekkant deg tlalit n tudert deg wemtiweg Akal.
Tabagust ur temsawi ara : kra n temnaḍin d tilmawin akk ma d tiyaḍ ččurent d ismilen.
{{Tabagust n Kuiper}}
Tabagust n Kuiper tettusemma ilmend n umusnaw Gerard Kuiper, amezwaru i tt-ibedren deg iseggasen 1950. d acu kan nerğa alamma d iseggasen 1990 akken ad sbegnen imusnawen dakken tabagust-a tella s tidett. Tamnaḍt-agi tga am izebgaten, tesea ugar n 35 000 n iẓra yugaren 100 km di tehri.
Tadusi ines tugar s 100 iberdan tabagust tameqrant.Am tbagust tameqrant, d nettat kan i d-yeqqimen seg uḍebsi mi d-yennulfa wegraw aniṭij. Snat seg 3 yemtiwgen imceṭaḥ llant dinna: Eris d Pluton.
{{Asigna n Oort}}
Tabagust n Kuiper tezga deg tlisa n wegraw aniṭij, yezmer tella taYawsa taneggarut i s d-yezzin: asigna n Oort. D imelyaren n yeẓra yedlan s wegris yellan deg-s, yezga deg tlisa n wegraw aniṭij-nneY.
{{Anadi deg tbagustin}}
Pioneer 10, deg yulyu 1972, d taYawsa tamezwarut yuzen wemdan Yer tbagust. IYerruba Pioneer 11, Voyager 1 d 2, Galileo, Cassini, NEAR, Ulysses d New Horizons ula d nutni sawḍen armi tabagust n Kuiper .
Γas ugaden dakken iYerruba cegeen deg inigen imezwura ad ḥazen iẓra-agi .Imusnawen fehmen Yef zik lḥal dakken f idra n tadusi tamectuḥt n tbagust ur telli tugdi fell-asen.
Ad nesmekti dakken Pluton tura yettiki i yeẓra n tbagust n Kuiper, kksent imusnawen seg wegraw n yemtiwgen.


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Aggur:Amzruy
Amzruy ( zeɣ tagrikt : ἱσtopίa, histurya, nna ɣur illa unamk n "usaggu, tussna nna d ikkan asaggu" ) iga tiɣri n mad izrin ɣmk-lli s illa ɣ warratn ittyaran. Imzzutn izrin urta llin warratn ar as ntini azrmzruy. iga ula yat tguri taranẓart ikkan d imzzutn izrin altu d tmkttit, tanazuft, agru, asuds, d usmnid n inɣmisn f imzzutn ad. Imrzutn lli ittaran f umzruy ar asn ntini imsnzruyn. S yat tɣarast yaḍni; iga Amzruy s yat tklit tazrawt d tirra n ɣaylli ijran nɣ-d ɣaylli izrin. Ar daɣ nttini amzruy i ɣaylli izrin s yixf nns.
Amzruy iẓḍar ula ad iɛnu iẓli akadiman nna issmrasn allas ḥma ad iɣr d ad isfsi kra n tagzzumt n imzzutn izrin, d ad iẓli s yan unamk amsɣaru anawn n usrag d tusurin nna tn iẓlayn. idḥina ar tmsgdaln imsnzruyn f ugama n umzruy d ubɣir nns s umḍkar f tɣri n uẓli izd nttat ad igan awttas s ixf nns nɣd zund tɣarast nna yekkan "amnad" f imukrisn imilann.
Tkka tt nn Numidya (s ulatin : Numidia) tga yat tgldit tamaziɣt. kirtan ad tt nn ikkan igan tamaẓunt nns. ( -202 urta illa eisa) s asggas amaziɣ 748-748 ar (-46 eisa))s asggas amaziɣ 904-904 tga yat tgldit tamaziɣt taqqburt tkkatin tamnaɣt nns (Sirta) li igan ɣilad ( qustantina) ikkatin wakal n tagldit ad yumz zɣ tagut n Tuns ɣilad tsmund ula Dzayr d Umrruk . Ikkatin izdaɣ ɣ tmazirt ad snat tgzzumin mqqurnin atent igan : imaziliyn (lmaziliyun) , g tagut ntgldit numidya taqqbilt ad tkkatin tyawssan isa tmciwir (drouman ) tga afus nns ɣ ufus nnsn fdid fofna nkartage , ama taqqbilt tiss snat tga swasar : imasiliyn (almasiliyoun ) rwid or umzen taɣarast naytmatsen kantin or hmeln (rouman) ɣayan afd mchachkan dkartage , ikkatin wakal nnsen yumz zeɣ ( sttif, d Dzayr iɣrm, d Wahran ) n ɣilad , ikkatin ikraygat taqqbilt agllid ns : ihkm Masinissa f imaziliyn ihkm sifaks f imasiliyn
Ur ituyssan manag ad tlla tagldit Numidya syat sift ɣur illi umjihid , ar tinin kra warratn iqqburn gan win imisriyn , ula win irumaniyn ,disten tkka tagldit lli igan ult finiqiya (didu) tkkatin tra atahel agllid amaziɣ ( Yarbas), awal ad innat yan bu icnubbucn ɣ umzruy ism nns ( Yustinyus) ,ɣ umnid yadnin nnan kra warratn isd agllid Yarbas ula Yufas kkantin ran ataheln tagllidt tafiniqiyt li moi sen ( Alisa) ɣayad ayna umariɣ ( virxilus) ,awalad illa gis maytunan dar unmal Muḥmmad Cafiq lli isrsen yan useqsi ɣumnid ad : izd lmurad rwasaren li nbder n igllidn ad is gan yadeli imɣaren ntaqbilin nsen niɣd , ɣ yan umnid yadnin ina Unmal Mohmed Cafiq disten kan igldan iqqburn iwakal ntmmuzɣa mac kolo imariren ula idbo idllisen ula idbo umzruy mcackand fyan wawal attigan dis agelid Aylmas nttan aybnan tagldit Numidya arid nbder izd agellid Massinissa li igan yan raydares ntgmi naylmas ikkatin ar itini rimaren nes fofna nkartaje dtageldit (n Muriṭanya Tanjiya) tin igiɣ izlmḍ Umrruk
Ibn Baṭuṭa ( s Tamaziɣt : ⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵏ ⴱⵟⵓⵟⴰ iwis n bṭuṭa nɣd ⵓ ⴱⴰⵟⵓⵟⴰ U Baṭuṭa, s Taɛrabt : ابن بطّوطة Ibn Baṭuṭa ) ism nns iɣzifn: Abu Ɛabd Allah Muḥammad Ibn Ɛabd Allah al-Lawati aṭ-Ṭanji Ibn Baṭṭuṭa. Iga argaz amaziɣ ilul ɣ 24 febrayer n usggas 1304 ɣ tmdint n Ṭanja d immut ɣ 1368 ( nɣd 1377 ) ɣ tmdint n Mṛṛakc.
Tamɣra tga yat tafugla nna d skarn middn fad ad slkmn i wiyyaḍ mas sin id ufgan afrux d tafruxt nɣ argaz d tmɣarn munn d ingratsn d is tahln.
Tga tmeɣra asatur lli izdin ngr snat tfrkiwin ɣ tudert n ufgan. Tamzwarut illa gis yan d ayt dars ur fllas tlli awd kra n tamasayt, iɣ izri s tiss snat tfrkiwin ar fllas tettili tmasayt ad iskr tawja nns lli srs iẓlin.
Iɣ nessen mas d kraygat afgan dars taɣarast nns lli s ar izzray tamɣra, afgan amaziɣ ula nttan dars mnnawt tmyurin ar tnt iskar ɣ wussan n tmɣra.
Iɣ nra ad nn naggʷ s tmyurin ad, irad d nasi s umdya « Tamɣra ɣ Ict » yan uḍwwar ɣ iḍuran n unẓul n Lmɣrib lli sul yumẓn tawssna tamaziɣt ɣ iẓuṛan.
Irad nbder tiferkiwin lli s ar tzzray tmɣra ɣ Ict zɣ iɣ tssnti ar iɣ thiyya.
Ben Xeldun nɣd Ibn Xaldun (ism nns iɣzifn s tɛrabt : أبو زيد عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن خلدون الحضرمي; Abu Zayd Ɛabdṛṛaḥman ibn Muḥammed ibn Xaldun al-Ḥaḍṛami ) iga yan unmzray d urgaz n tusna n tmtti, d ufilusuf. Ilul ɣ Tuns ass n 27 mayu n usggʷas 1332 ɣ yat tawja tandalust imqqurn labas darsn illan ɣ tmazirt n Yamn, immut ass n 17 mars n useggʷas 1406 ɣ Qahira ɣ Miṣra.
Ittwassen bahra s udlis-nnes Almuqaddima (Tazwart).
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