text:
Lyunardu da Vintci
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci ( 14/15 abril 1452 - 2 mayyu 1519), ittyawssan s Leonardo da Vinci, ikka-t-nn iga yan ugtusnak aṭalyani iddrn ɣ tlslalit, iruran taynit dar kigan n yigran zun d unuɣ, taklut, "sculpture", tasdga, tussna, aẓawan, tusnakt, tajnyurit, taskla, "anatomie", tusnakalt, tasnallunt, tasnmɣit, "paléontologie", d "cartographie".
Ikka-t-nn Leonardo ar ittiri ad yisin akkʷ mad illan f ugama, ad yisin manka s tswuri ku taɣawsa, ikka t nn iḥrc bahra ɣ tiɣri, "designing" d usgadda n kraygatt askkin.
Ar ttannayn kigan n mddn Leonardo mas iga yan zɣ imklawn akkʷ mqqurnin ɣ umzruy, wiyyaḍ ar t ttannayn zund umayaf nnsn akkʷ. Tnna fllas tanmzruyt n tẓuri Helen Gardner mas d ur jju izri mad t irwasn, acku ikka t inn ar iggar taynit nns s ugudi n tɣawsiwin zun d is ur ili anlli nns iwtta. Ar tizi ad nit ur ta jju nssn yat f manka s tt inn tkka "caractère" nns.
Ilul d ɣ ammas n Vinci, yat tiɣrmt imẓẓin illan tama n Flurinsa ɣ Ṭṭalyan. Ittuslɣm f ufus n "sculptor" d umekla Andrea del Verrocchio afad ad imɣur ad ig anaẓur, izzri tudrt nns s umata nns, ar gis iswuri dar kra n yiristuqraṭiyn iṭalyann bahra bɣrnin. Ɣ yisggʷasn nns ggʷuranin, iddr ɣ yat tgmmi ifulkin nna as ifka ugllid n Fṛansa.
Ar tettyawḥasabnt snat ɣ tugniwin nns f tugniwin akkʷ dar mi illa waddur ɣ umaḍal, ad tnt igan d Mona Lisa d The last supper (Imnsi amggaru), iskr ula agudi n wunuɣn, yan bahra gisn ittyawssann zun d Vitruvian Man (Argaz Awvitruv). Ɣ umata n tikkal, ikka t inn Leonardo ar bdda iswingim ɣ yisnulfutn imaynutnin, ilin bdda dis kra n walugn ɣ ittzmmam akkʷ unuɣn d tktiyin nns, amata ɣ yisnulfutn nns ur tn jju sul ismd. Rad gisn naf kra n tktiyin zun d "hélicoptère", "tank", tamsiḍent, "parachute", aṛubu, atilifun, tiẓri n tnflit d "énergie solaire".
Tudert nns[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Timẓi nns, 1452-1466[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ilul Leonardo ɣ 15 abril 1452, ɣ tiɣrmt tatuskanit n Vinci, ɣ yiɣzr n wasif Arnu, yura jddis Antonio da Vinci ifruritn n tlalit nns acku ur ta tahln imarawn nns ɣ akud ann, iga iwis n Ser Piero da Vinci, yan umsntam awflurintin bahra ibɣrn, d Caterina, yat tmazzalt nna f ggudin iwennitn d tẓriyin, illa mad fllas ittinin mas tt nn tkka tga yat tsmgt d ikkan bṛṛa n tmazirt nnsen, zun d Ccinwa nɣ d Anẓul-Agmuḍan, yili daɣ mad ittinin mas tt nn tkka ur tgi abla yat tmẓluḍt ult tmazirt nnsn nit. D Leonardo, Iɣʷi t nn sul dars babas ikllf sis, tahl daɣ immas turu smmus wazzann yaḍnin. Ism nns ummid igat "Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci", isnumkn "Leonardo, iwis n mass Pier u Vinci".
Izzri Leonardo smmus ɣ yisggʷasn nns imzwura d immas ɣ yat tgmmi mm wurti, fad ilmma immuti s Vinci ad izdɣ d ibbas d tmɣart nns tis snat Albiera, ilin disn ula id jeddis d ɛmmis Francesco. Ḍart mad imqqur Leonardo, ur bahra izmmim f temẓi nns abla yan sin yikttayn ẓlinin, amzwaru lliɣ t nn ikka iẓẓl yan wass bṛṛa ujguggl nns, yuyl nnig as yan ugḍiḍ ixatrn isli t s rric nns ɣ udm nns. Akttay nns azalan wis sin iga t; lliɣ t nn ikka ar issara yan udrar yaf nn yan ifri, d mqqar t nn ikka iksuḍ ad yili kra n xxu ɣ ugns, ur t tujji tdwwayt nns ad srs ikcim ad gis isnubbc.
Tasawrt n Verrocchio, 1466-1476[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ɣ 1466, lliɣ t-nn-tkka dar Leonardo 14 usggʷas, yiwi-t-nn babas dar Flurinsa, afad ad ig anlmad n unaẓur Verrocchio.
Tekka-tt-nn tga Flurinsa yan udɣar ismectagen ul n yan umeẓyan innurzen ad yaɣul d anaẓur, ddren gi-s yad kigan n inaẓuren ttyawssanin ɣ temrawant n 1200 zun d Cimabue d Giotto, ɣinna dar ibeṛṛem yan ixef nns qad nn gi-s yaf ifarsen iẓuranen ẓilnin ttyawssanin, ha takatidralit takeswatt s talqubbet nns tamaynut igan tabarawt, ha taglizt n ugʷrram John s tiggura nns n wureɣ sfiqqisnint, tili ɣ tama nns yat teglizt-yaḍen mi ssutulen wattayen nns "sculptures" d-kkanin "sculpteurs" akkʷ ttyawssannin zun d aselmad n Leonardo s yixef nns.
Anaẓur igan aleḥyan ɣakud-ann iga-t wa d yufan kra n umassaɣ i tfelwin nns, yan lli rad tent dar-s yawi s tugt-nnsent. Tawja akkʷ ibeɣren ɣ Flurinsa n uzemz-ann Medici ad tt-igan, nettni ad dar ikka ubergemmi akkʷ ifejjijen ammas n temdint-ann, d iɛezza dar-sen ad ssaɣen tifelwin, isefrisen d tɣawsiwin yaḍnin ẓilnin, kkan-t-nn awed ar bahra ttraran taynit s tsekla d tfelsuft, kigan d inaẓuren iɛerrimen ɣakud-ann; kkan ar ttnuruzen ad si-sen raren ayt Medici d yimeddukkal-nnsen taynit.
Tezri dar Verrocchio yat tsawert imeqquren ur isalan, ɣ ikka Leonardo ar ittelmad tiɣarasin n tẓuri, ɣik-ann ma f t-nn fell-as ikka iga ccil ad ilmed unuɣ, taklut, "sculpture" d umsudem. Mac ɣ wakud igan yan, ilmed daɣ kraygatt tasugert tunfiɛt illan, zun d takrura, tagemɣuzt, tagebbaṣt, tawuri n yilmawen, tamikanikt d tnesramt.
Ur d Leonardo i waḍu nns ka ɣinn ikkan ɣ tsawert-ann, amunen gi-s agudi n yimeklawen-yaḍnin, yili akkʷ gi-sen mad yaɣulen d "célèbre" imeqquren, zun d Ghirlandaio, Perugino d Botticelli. Inaẓuren-ad, ur bahra ugren Leonardo s yiseggʷasen. Ar ittales Giorgio Vasari yat tenfust ilan azal f tizi-ad ɣ tudert n Leonardo, ɣ t-nn-ikka Verrocchio ar ikellu yat tfelwit ixatren iqqnen s wudum (baptême) n umasiḥ, ifka-as i Leonardo tmehla n ad iklu yan ɣ yineglusen illan f uẓelmaḍ nns. Inna Vasari mas t-nn ikʷla Leonardo s yat tmamekt imk-ad ifulkin, isres-nn akkʷ Verrocchio ccita nns s yat tikkelt, d ur jju d nettan ad sul iklu kra ɣ tudert nns. S yan uzzray ineɣden, rad ifrek yan i mas d Leonardo ad ixedmen ula igezzumen-ann nns yaḍnin, zun d izṛan, amzaz aqehwi d ula "background nns". Ar ttinin ula f Leonardo mas d fell-as isnulfa Verrocchio ɣakud-ann asefris nns awbrunẓ n David isker gi-s zund tmudemt nns.
Ɣ 1472 zun d ɣik-ann, lliɣ t-nn dar-s tekka 20 useggʷas, ilkem-d Leonardo "Guild" n St Luke (Luke Agʷrram), yat tmaddast n yinaẓuren d yiḍukturen n tesnijjit, d mqqar as-d-isersel ibba-s yat tsawert igan tinnes i yixef nns, iɣama-nn Leonardo dar Verrocchio izdeɣ dars acku tɛezza dars twwuri ɣinna.
Tawuri akkʷ iqburen dar Leonardo f uyenna ittyawssanen iga-t unuɣ n wasif Arnu ittyawskaren s uɣanib, ittuzemmem s usakud n 5 ɣuct 1473, yili ɣila ɣ usefser n Uffinzi.
Tudrt nns tazzulant, 1476-1499[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Adday ittara Vasari f Leonardo, ar issemras kra n yiwaliwen zun d "noble", amafkay, "gracieux" d ufalkay, ar aɣ ittini Vasari mas t-nn-ikka Leonardo ɣ tiɛɛurma nns, iga yan urgaz iɣezzifen ifulkin, ikka-t-nn idus kigan igeḍḍer, ar akkʷ issefraɣ tisaliwin n yisan s yifassen nns qqurnin. Iẓil bahra umesli nns ar si-s "charmer" wanna as ka isellan, isiggel kraygatt yan tiddukkla nns ɣakud-ann. Ikka-t-nn iga yan umeccimɣan dar ɛezzan imudar, ar issaɣ kra tikkal igḍaḍ afad ad ten ka isderfi.
Ikka-t-nn Leonardo iga yan unaẓur ilan yat tmefkit imqqurn, isnulfa-d ɣ 1482 yat "lyre" n uẓref (nnqert) f talɣa n yixef n wayyis, tizi ɣ t-nn-ikka yan unebbaḍ amaynu ɣ temdint n Milan agafa n Ṭṭalyan, igan s yisem Ludovico il Moro, yan uduk isennuɣjufen inebbaḍen yaḍnin. Yuzen Lorenzo n ayt Medici Leonardo s Milan zund umesqad nns afad ad ifek i Ludovico Lyre-ann nns zund yat trezzift zeɣ dars. Yura Leonardo i uduk n Milan yat tebratt, ɣ ittales kullu tiɣawsiwin-ann ḥrecnin unfiɛnin nna mi izḍar, zun d asnulfu n tmacinin n girra. Yara-as ula s uzegzel mas "issen i teklut ula nettat", ur t-nn akkʷ ikki ɣ ugayyu nns ɣakud-ann mas d taɣawsa-ad nit s rad bahra sul ittyawssan. Iɣama-nn Leonardo ɣ Milan ar iswuri dar uduk ger iseggʷasen n 1482 d 1499, ikka dars yan ugezzum ɣ twwuri nns iẓlin ɣar s "design" n "défilés" n tfugliwin d ikaṛnabalen, ttyafan dars ula ɣ walugen nns kra n wunuɣen i tmelsa n tmezgunin, idsen yimsegdalen "incroyable" d kra n yisinaryuten nna mi yallfus ad ilin assaɣ d umezgun.
Leonardo, zun d nettan zun d amata n yinaẓuren bahra ttyawssannin ɣ uzemz nns, kkan-t-nn dar-s idsen yimazzalen ɣ tsawert nns, swa inelmaden iɛerrimen swa imawasen meqqurnin, ikka-t-nn yan ɣ yinelmaden nns iga s yisem Gian Giacomo Caprotti da Oren. Ikka-t-nn iga yan urba iɣudan iṭṭafen "curls" n wureɣ ɣezzifnin fulkinin. Ikka-t-inn ar di-s ittacka ad ig tamudemt n yineglusen dar yinaẓuren. Mac iga ula yan uxendallas iceqqan, "Salai" neɣ "Salaino" (isnumken "iblis imeẓẓin") ka ad as-ittini Leonardo.
Yura Leonardo ɣ walug nns f Salai, mas t-nn-ikka iga yan uṭemmaɛ d yan bu tkerkas ur ilin anaw, d mas t-nn-ikka ar as bedda ittaker tiɣawsiwin nns ɣ tgemmi, idder di-s ɣ ammas n uzedduɣ nns i 30 yiseggʷasen zund unelmad d umazzal nns.
Ayyis Axatar[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Afares n Leonardo akkʷ ilan azal ɣakud-ann ɣ uzemz n uswuri dar Ludovico, iga-t asnulfu n yan usefris imqquren f talɣa n yan umnay issudan ayyis nns, ad si-s ssimɣuren s unebbaḍ-nnsen izwaren Francesco Sforza. Izwur-d Leonardo s wayyis, deffir mad bahra isker tezrawin-nnss f "anatomie" n wanaw-a ɣ yimudar, issuneɣ-asen id "design"; isnulfa-d yan wayyis n tallaɣt imqquren mi iga s yisem "Gran Cavallo" (Ayyis Axatar), ikka-t-nn rad as sul ittuga ubrunẓ nns afad ad yaɣul ayyis awbrunẓ akkʷ ixatren ɣ umezruy atrar. Mac ur as sul tettusmid twwuri nns s temgeṛẓa. Ɣ 1494, ifka Ludovico abrunẓ-ann akkʷ dar-sen illan ad t-nn-ssurrin s "cannons" acku fell-asen d-ikcem userdas afṛansis s uwettas n usdurriy. Ayyis n tallaɣt ixatren, ibidd ukan tizi-ann ɣ rad d-urrin ifransisen s Milan ɣ 1499 afad ad daɣ armen ad tt-sdurriyen, smersen-t tikkelt-ad i usleɣmu n tniyyact, xlun-t kullu.
Tamgudt n Isuliln[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Izzri Leonardo snat tseqqimin n teklut nna mi dar illa wazal ɣ wakud ɣ t-nn-ikka ar iswuri dar Ludovico. Yat gi-sent; ad iklu yat tfelwit n uzatim (zzit) nna rad iddun s useɣres axatar n tegʷmat n usemmeḍren iɣusen (Confraternity of the immaculate conception), isker gi-s Leonardo snat tfelwin ifel-d yat d yimhiwac n Milan, yiwi di-s ṭayya s Franṣa, tɣama-nn. Ad tettyafa ɣassa ɣ usalay n Louvre. Ur mzarayent tfelwin ad s yisem, ar mmalant s sin-itsent amuɣli n Maryam Tamgudt d bijju nns Ɛisa, ɣ ammas n yan udɣar ameḍlus igan kullu isulilen,َ mani ɣ rad mmaggaren d John Amseddam. Tella yat tenfust (nna ur illin ɣ Injil, tili ɣar ɣ taysi tawmasiḥt) f manik as imlala Ɛisa bijju d John ɣ uɣaras ittawin s Misṛa. Ɣ tmuɣli-a, illa John ar ittẓalla; yall-d Ɛisa bijju afus nns ibarek-t. Tettyawssan tfelwit-ad n Leonardo s unezwi-ann nns ikerrmen nna aɣ-takka, asidd nns aɣrib ikkaten s yan usyafa ittawin tiysas, imula nns dranin d "background" nns immalan agelmam d yidurar ɣ ammas n taggut. Ur jjun akkʷ tettyawskar kra n tfelwit igan zun d nettat ɣ kullu mayd izrin.
Imnsi Amggaru[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Taflwit tis snat n Lonardo ɣ Milan nna mi dar illa wazal, is akkʷ tettyawssan uggar n tiyyaḍ. Nttat ad igan s yism Imnsi Amggaru, ar tmmala imnsi akkʷ igguran dar Ɛisa s tamunt n yimḥḍarn nns dat wammaẓ d mnɣiwt nns. Ista Lonardo ad iklu imir ann ɣ ittini Ɛisa "rad iyi giwn iɣḍr kra n yan", ar ittals Lonardo addad n ubhaḍ d unnuɣjf nna d iɣʷin yinḍfarn nns s simraw, ar t ittals s uɣaras n yimuggan d wudmawn n mddn ɣ ammas n tflwit. Idsn ar sawaln, idsn biddn, idsn ar ttaln ɣ yifassn nnsn s tiwdi.
Ikka t nn unggal Matto Bandllo ar iẓrra Lonardo ɣ ammas n twuri nns. Yura fllas mas d ar izzray mnnaw n wussan; ar ka ikllu akkʷ mad ila wass s bla n tirmt, ibidd daɣ ilmma kṛaḍ nɣ d kkuẓ n wussan yaḍnin bla gisn iklu wala iskr yat, kra n tikkal; ar ka ɣinn ittṣmmar mnid n tflwin nns ar gisn ittqzzaz. Inna Vasari mas as ɣʷlin idammn i umɣar n tɣzamt tamhawcant, ittr as ad isnɣms Lonardo s mas as d iqqan ad iswurri s timmri. Inna Vasari mas t nn ikka Lonardo ittcṭn akkʷ, acku ur inni d yixf nns is rad nit iẓḍar ad isgadda udm n Ɛisa mzyan, inna as i uduk mas yallfus is rad iskr ɣ wudm n umɣar n yimhiwac tamudmt nns i Judas amɣdar.
Dffir mad tsmd twuri n tflwit, nnan fllas kullu willi tt ẓranin s umata nnsn mas d tawuri nns tamayuft akkʷ aynna.
Maca ur as yad issmrs Lonardo i tflwit ann "frsco" as d yusan, iskr as "tmpra" iggi n gissu, nna ur aɣ ittusmrasn yadlli i tflwin n uɣrab. ɣik ann ma f as ittca tɣurdin nns txmmj kullu, trwi s yat tikklt ḍart yat tmiḍi yisggʷasn. Mqqar d iḍr uklu n kra ɣ idɣarn nns zɣ uɣrab, tkka t inn tflwit ann tettyawssan kigan, anct ann lli gis ittusiggzn ittusnɣln yugr kullu tiflwin tisgdanin n umaḍal.
Tudrt nns tazzulant, 1499-1513[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ɣ 1499, sḍrn Ludovico il Moro. Immuti Lyunardu zɣ Milan d umazzal nns Salai d umddakkl nns amusnak Luca Pacioli s Vinisya. Iswuri ɣinna Lyunardu zund kran umasgad d ujnyur asrdasan. Acku tga Vinisya yat tmdint ibiddn f kigan n tgzirin, yurm Lyunardu ad iswingim ɣ itsnt tɣarasin ma s fllas ittgdal azzaɣn n iɣrruba. Ɣ 1500, yurri d Lyunardu s Flurinsa s tamunt n yimazzaln d yinlmadn nns. Fkan as imhiwac n tɣzamt "Holy Annunciation" yat taddart d yat tsawrt imqqurn.
Tamgudt d urba d Anni Tagʷrramt d John Amsddam[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ibda Lyunardu tawuri f yat tflwit yaḍn, ig nn yan uɣawas ɣ yixf nns issunɣ as yat tunuɣt imqqurn; immalan Mayram Tamgudt, tskkus f ufud n immas Ann Tagʷrramt tusi dis abijju nns Ɛisa, yili f ufasi nns John Amsddam (Baptist). Inna Vasari mas tsbhḍ tunuɣt ann tafalkayt akkʷ middn, ddan d ad tt annin irgazn d tmɣarin, imẓyiyn wala wid mqqurnin s tigrummawin, ad tinid is d kra n umuggar imqqurn a s d uckan. Ar tttyafa ɣila tunuɣt ad ɣ Usfsr Anamur, Lunḍun. Mqqar d bahra tqbur tzzf, tili ammas n yat tmṣriyt illasn, da ttkkan middn kraygatt ass asfsr nns afad ad ka skubbrn mnid nns. Zun d nttat zun d mnnawt g twuriwin n Lyunardu, ur as jju ismd taflwit nns.
Imnɣi n Angyari[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ɣ 1502 d 1503, iswuri Lyunardu dar Tcizari Burdja, aristuqraṭ idusn iwwis n ubaba Aliksandr wis sḍis. Ikka t nn Lyunardu ar dis ittmuddu zun d kran umasgad d ujnyur asrdasan, ar ttkkan mnnaw idɣarn ugns n Ṭṭalyan. Tigiriwin n 1503, yurri d Lyunardu s Flurinsa, ilkm d "Guild" n Luk Agʷrram i tikklt yaḍn.
Tettufka as yat tmskirt bahra istawhmman zɣ dar usqqim (Signoria) n Flurinsa, ran t ad asn iklu yan zɣ sin "frscos" ann mqqurnin nna rad ilin ɣ ammas n yiɣrban n tmṣriyt akkʷ dar mi illa wazal ɣ ubrgmmi n usqqim nna, ittukllaf Michlanglo s tklut n Imnɣi n Cascina, ikllf Lyunardu s tin Imnɣi n Angyari. Issnta Lonard ɣ usnfar nns, iskr tzrawin nns f udmawn n yirgazn rfanin d yiysan nnsn mmaɣnin, issunɣ tn, ilin ukan sul unuɣn a ar ɣilad ɣ walugn nns. Mac s tmgṛẓa, rad daɣ ig uya yan "failur" zɣ dar Lyunardu, acku lliɣ nn ikʷla tugna ann ɣ uɣrab, ɣ udɣar n ad issmrs "frsco", ismrks as ikʷlan nns d uzatim (zzit), ɣikann maf as ggammin ad zwun. Lliɣ yurm ad tn issrɣ s imikk n wafa, tfsi as tflwit kullu tt. Issunɣ Ptr Paul yat tunɣilt i ugzzum nns anammas, awin as d ayt usqqim n tɣrmt ḍart yat tizi ma rad as daɣ yalsn ɣ uɣrab. Ur ikmml Michlanglo taflwit nns ula ntta acku as iɣra ubaba s Ruma.
Mona Liza[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ɣ wattayn n 1503, ibda Lyunardu ar ikllu taflwit n yat tmɣart ittyawssann s Mona Liza, tasfrist akkʷ nna mi dar illa waddur ngr kullu tiflwin yaḍnin. Mnnaw yisggʷasn ad gis izzri, tga yat tugna imẓẓin ittwaklun s uzatim (zzit) iggi n yan yifil n ukccuḍ. Ar tmmala udm, tafgga tanafllant d yifassn n yat tmɣart ilsan zund ku ass. Ɣ tsfrisin, ar yadlli tlssa tamɣart timlsa d tzuzaf nns timayufnin. Tls ɣid Mona Liza yat tqndurt iḍlan d yan waddal asggan aflla yixf nns. Ɣ umata n tikkal, ar ittajja Lyunardu ɣ tflwin nns kra n yizumal ma's yakka kra n tmula (indics) f umdan nna gisn ittilin. Aynn igan aɣrib ɣ tugna ya d uynna igan aɣbalu i yism nna s tettyawssan iga t uzmummg nns : Mona Liza Giaconda, ar tsnamk Giaconda "tanna ittṣṣan", (tga Mona azgzl n Madonna isnumkn "Lalla nu".)
Tamntilt n max aylliɣ bahra tettyawssan tflwit ad, iga t acku tktur s yidrign, ar nn ttaggʷan alln n Mona Liza s yinigi nns, mac ur inni ta yan ad d ildi aynn issaran ixf nns. Alln nns d ula imi nns, ar ttumann zund is aɣ zmummugn, tamsalt igan tamaynut ɣ tklut n tsfrisin, acku ar gis yadlli ttumann middn s umata nnsn gan idɣriyn. Icqqa ad yakz yan tinfaliyin n wudm n Mona Liza s usnɣd, acku iɣ yad ira yan ad iɣr isyafatn n wayya yakz tn, iqqan t id ad nn iluḥ asmaqql nns s usga n tɣmriwin n walln d yimawn nnsn. Ixdm tt Lyunardu s yat tɣarast ɣ tettumann imula fssusnin ɣ tsggiwin n udm, amggrḍ d yifassn nns, ar tettusmma tamamkt a "sfumato" (isnumkn "aggu" s taṭalyanit). Ḍart mad tt ẓran kra n yinaẓurn yaḍnin, nnan d yiguyya nnsn mas d ur rad zḍarn i tklut n kra n tflwit igan zun d nttat.
Tudrt nns tazzulant, 1506-1516[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ɣ 1506, yurri d Lyunardu s Milan d yinlmadn nns, iddr ɣ tgmmi nns ɣ ammas n Porta Orintal. Aɣuln idsn ɣ yinlmadn nns d imklawn : Brnardino Luini, Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio d Marco D'Oggion. Iskr D'Oggion mnnawt tunɣilin i Imnsi Amggaru, iskr Luini yat i Tamgudt n Isuliln, ikʷla Boltraffio d wiyyaḍ kigan n tugniwin n id Madonna d Ubijju, izḍar yan ad tnt sul iẓr ɣ yisfsar n tẓuri d ula tiglizin.
Tiɣbula[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tiɣri uggar[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Daniel Arasse (1997). Leonardo da Vinci. Konecky & Konecky. ISBN 1 56852 1987.
- Liana Bortolon (1967). The life and times of Leonardo. Paul Hamlyn, London. ISBN 075251587X.
- Hugh Brigstoke (2001). The Oxford Companion to Western Art. USA: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198662033.
- Angela Ottino della Chiesa (1967). The complete paintings of Leonardo da Vinci. Penguin Classics of World Art series. ISBN 0-14-00-8649-8.
- Charles D. O'Malley and J. B. de C. M. Sounders (1952). Leonardo on the human body: the anatomical, physiological, and embryological drawings of Leonardo da Vinci. With translations, emendations and a biographical introduction. Henry Schuman, New York.
- A.E. Popham (1946). The drawings of Leonardo da Vinci. Jonathan Cape. ISBN 0 224 60462 7.
- Jean Paul Richter (1970). The notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci. Dover.
- Paolo Rossi (2001). The Birth of Modern Science. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0631227113.
- Bruno Santi (1990). Leonardo da Vinci. Scala / Riverside.
- Jack Wasserman (1975). Leonardo da Vinci. Abrams. ISBN 0-8109-0262-1.
Ismaln yaḍnin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Leonardo da Vinci: Experience, Experiment, Design (review)
- Complete text & images of Richter's translation of the Notebooks
- Vasari Life of Leonardo : in Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects.
- Web Gallery of Leonardo Paintings
- Drawings of Leonardo da Vinci
- Da Vinci Decoded Article from The Guardian
- The true face of Leonardo Da Vinci?
- Leonardo da Vinci's Ethical Vegetarianism
- Leonardo da Vinci, a biography with description of his major works, written for children; Tamsyn Taylor, 2020


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Tag: Algeria
Anagraw en Dzayer yebbey timɣan nnes aked unagraw ageldan Amurakucan النظام الجزائري قطع علاقاته مع النظام الملكي المغربي
Asinas 24 Ɣuct 2021 Yenna uneɣlaf Adzayran Ṛemṭan Leɛmamra is Dzayer tebbey timɣan tidiplumasanin nnes aked Murakuc ass a en usinas 24 Ɣuct 2021. ...
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Étude morphologique et sémantique des hydronymes kabyles : commune d’Illoula Oumalou
Date2016
Author
CHERIFI, Saliha
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
Aman d yiwen ger wuddisen imeqqranen n tegnewt yak d wuddusen imeddaren. Deg wayen yerzan aya, 71% n tasna n umaḍal ɣummen-t s tiherwin n waman, s tibdi, s talɣiwin akk d talqayin talfiwin ( igarawen,imdunen,illal,isaffen d yiɣeẓṛan ). Aman, d aferdis agmawi yezga-n di lqaɛa, d tumast tufsiyt tamsewsayt ur nesɛi tiẓet, ula d tikdi. Allus yettɛedday ɣef yeḥricen yemgaraden, s wazal- nsen, d agmaḍanen umasanen. Afuṛ, d tiḍiwin, asriget n waman yettawes ɣer useḥmu n ubeḥri, agmaḍan-agi d amasan acku yettaǧǧa i waman ad ruḥen ɣer tegnewt akken ad d-ssuffɣen isigna. Syin ɣer-s d asezwer, d abrid n wafuṛ mi ara yuɣal d ufsiy, d asigna ttawin-d yid-sen ageffur,d udfel,ɣellin-d ɣer lqaɛa. Anagay, aman neggin deg tasna, ttruḥun ɣer iɣeẓṛan ,ttkemmilen almi d agaraw. Kra n waman nniḍen ttnejmaɛen ddaw n lqaɛa. Nessawal-as i tussna iferzen aman di lqaɛa tussenman, beṭṭu-agi yesɛa azalen nniḍen n temkirin d wamguran. Tussna n yiɣbula n waman, tlemmed ɣef yismawen n yiɣbula-agi s unadi deg assurt d unamek-nsen, ma yella nmuqqel abeddel id yellan deg-sen aṭas n leqṛun ɣer deffir. Ma yella newwi-d tamurt n lezzayer d amedya, ad d-naf tezga-d deg wadeg igerzen, acku nnig-s yella yillel agrakal, ula d tamnaḍt n leqbayel imi tella deg ugafa n tmurt n lezzayer, dayen i yeǧǧan tamnaḍt-agi ad tesɛu ageffur d udfel, ladɣa ma nebder-d d akken tuddar n leqbayel zgantd deg yidurar ɛlayen neɣ ɣer rrif n yiɣeẓṛan, dayen i yeǧǧan tamnaḍt-agi n leqbayel ad tesɛu aṭas n yiɣbula n waman, am tliwa d teɛwinin i yerran yemdanen d abrid i tfellaḥt. Tagrayt : Mi id-nekkes amud n yiɣbula n kra n tuddar (7) n tɣiwant n yillulen umalu, nufa-d azal n 169 n yiɣbula, gar-asen aṭas n wanawen. Tazrawt tasnalɣayt n leqdic-agi yefka-aɣ-d ayagi: Di tazwara, deg wayen yerzan tazrawt tasnalɣayt n yiɣbula n waman, nufa-d aṭas n talɣiwin. Llan-t snat n tewsatin n yismawen n yiɣbula : ismawen iḥerfiyen, anaw wis sin d ismawen uddisen, nwala dakken d wigi i yellan s tuget. Di tesleḍt-agi, nwala dakken llan kra n yismawen ur sɛin ara unti, deg umedya: lbir n tmazirt...............


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Awenni-ya yettwaksi-dd zeg wasit n Amazigh.nl
Ijj n wudem n umezruy n Imaziɣen.
Hegel (1770-1831) yarra tiɣit i umezruy xenni yufa aqa marra timegga (facts) d wudmawen n izellifen imeqqranen (great personages) deg umezruy ameḍlan itɛaqqab d s imant-nnes tnayen n twalatin, maca ittu ad yarni aqa twalat tamezwarut igga amecnaw takesna (tragedy), twalat wis tnayen igga amecnaw tiseḍḥac. Iwalen-a sennej inna ten-usertan Karl Marx s yiles-nnes. Maca Marx simant-nnes ittu ad yarni aqa amezruy ɣar Imaziɣen s d tidet ad yili ittɛaqqab d tnayen n twařatin; maca s ujemmaḍ nneɣni.
Amezruy amezwar ɣar Imaziɣen tuɣa d tiseḍḥac, ssenni tus-d awaren-as takesna. Deg iyyar amezwaru, amezruy n Imaziɣen tuɣa xmi icarrec aked umezruy n midden ittɣima wudem-nnes iddar (Massinissa, Yuɣurṭa, Yuba I, Yuba II), deg iyyar aneggaru n umezruy (adaf n tqebbal n waɛraben, adaf n tmeslemt, adaf n Iciɛiyyen (Driss I), arbu n txancent ɣar l’andalus), marra manaya ittɣima d tasekna, amec ttwaliɣ nec.
Ḥuma ad nessen min ɣar-neɣ d min war ɣar-neɣ, min illan d takesna d min illan d tiseḍḥac, ad nedweř ɣar deffar, ad nessemɣar rxeẓrat i ɣa issecnen tiɣit. Zic-nni, ak wadaf n Imaziɣen deg umezruy, d midden udfend ak idsen. Γar iḍ-a, war dasen- temmewc tlemmizt (opportunity) ḥuma ad xarrṣen di tungit-nsen. Ifiniqiyen, udfen-d bellɣezdis n waman, usin-d twalat tamezwarut ad ggen tanezzawt. War d-usin ad qqimen niɣ ad kksen iẓewran n umezruy n Tmezɣa amec ggin waɛraben, sminzi ntaff izerfan n Tmezɣa amenni i qqimen di tmura i yiggʷjen x ilil acemlal.
Ticti wis tnayen tekked zi Roma, usin d nican ad ḥewwsen tammurt n Tmezɣa. Da i d ɣa iban umezruy n Tmezɣa s waṭṭas. War xseɣ ca ad iniɣ aqa amezruy n Imaziɣen netta d amezruy n Roma di tmura n Tmezɣa. Waxxa qqimen aṭṭas n iseggʷusa di tmurt n Lmeɣrib ameqqran, war iwiḍen ca ad ssrumen (romanized) imucan i xef ssarsen ifassen nsen, war illi amecnaw min ggin di tmura nneɣni. Waxxa qqimen ikruffan (remains), amecnaw tamdint n Walili (alili), maca war jjin ca timrirtin i ɣa iyezmen amezruy n Tmaziɣt. Uyuren ussan usin-d, kkin d awaren-asen aṭṭas n midden, maca umi d-xeccen waɛraben, min dawem ɣa iniɣ, war jjin taggizt war t serksen (turn upside down) ar ami niweḍ war nessin min nessawal ma Tmaziɣt niɣ d iɛuqqan n midden. Waxxa am nni teqqim Tmaziɣt teddar, amawal-nnes iqqim.
D tidet, amezruy n Tmaziɣt di tmurt n wafriqya immewc-as ijj n umellil (chance) imɣar, mli marra Imaziɣen ɣar-sen tilmect d tabarcant ad tili mmenzen di ssuq n ufatar (slave). X uxezdis nneɣni, mala neḥseb tira zeg ibuḍen n umezruy, neccin ad zzay-nneɣ war d ijji ca idlisen uran s Tmaziɣt nneɣ niɣ x tsekla n Tmaziɣt nneɣ. Manaya war ixs ca ad yini aqa amezruy n uydud iqqen ɣar tira, minzi tasekla n uqemmum (tasekla tatlayt) nettat d aɣbal n usnuflu n tɣerma (civilisation), war illi amec inna Hugh Redwald Trevor-Roper, wenni itwassnen s wedlis umi qqaren “ussan ineggura n Hitler”. Netta inna deg 1963 aqa Tafriqt war ɣar-s tuɣa ca amezruy qbel i temharsiwin (colonisations) n irufiyen (Europeans).
Amezruy n zic iqqar aneɣ aqa aydud tuɣa war yarsi s userway (perturbation) n midden. Imɣaren n Tmezɣa tuɣa ɣar-sen 2 n ibriden, ijj itawi ɣar irufiyen (tiseḍḥac). ijj n webrid ittawi ɣar ccarq (tasekna), Deg wakud n Iṛumaniyen, Imaziɣen tuɣa tcarqen ɣar Roma; deg wakud n tmeslent, tuɣa tcarqen ɣar tegzirt n waɛraben. Amezruy n Imaziɣen imsar-as amecnaw tamrart (asɣun), ijj ijebbed x ufusi ijj ijebbed x uzelmaḍ. Xenni am cwarti-nsen, umi udfen Imaɣuliyen (asg. 1258) di tmura n waɛraben, war daysen jjin min ɣa inefɛen, Imaziɣen ttɣir- asen ad hnan, maca deg wakud d ijj udfen-d Iburtqizen ɣar tmurt n lmeɣrib.
Sennej i manaya, neẓra aqa amezruy n Imaziɣen tuɣa yal ass (always) mziyyar -s wadaf d wufuɣ n midden- x uɣezdis n tungit n umerzruy n Imaziɣen. Arni xaf-s, mli ma iban d ca n umassan, asaḍ, amezray, di tmurt n imazɣan teqqnen t ɣar weẓwar n waɛraben. War netriḥ ca niggwej, mmis n Ɛebd-Krim arrint zi familiya n Omar bnu Lxaṭṭab! Wenni umi qqaren bnu Tumart arrin-t, qqnen-t ɣar   Ijj n twala sɣiɣ ijj n wedlis zi Nador umi i t ɣa ɣareɣ ufiɣ iqqar aqa marra ait buyeḥyi qqnen ɣar Faṭima illis n arrasul!
Mala nedwel ɣar idlisen imeqqranen, amecnaw “Les civilisations préhistoriques de l’Afrique du Nord et du Sahara” n Gabriel Camps, niɣ “Stone-Age prehistory: studies in memory of Charles McBurney”, niɣ “Archaeology and language, Volume 29”, niɣ “North Africa: A History from Antiquity to the Present” n Phillip Chiviges Naylor, wenni innan aqa Tamezɣa tirar ijj n temlilt temɣar di tmegga (asireɣ) n umezruy n Irufiyen, ad naff waxxa amezruy day-s tsawent dayes taysart, dayes tiseḍḥac dayes takesna. Tiseḍḥac aqa twattunt, takesna (tragedy) aqa- aneɣ day-s, amecnaw tḥajit-nni umi qqaren  > yuf itt wa, iqeccar itt wa, issengʷ (issnenna) itt wa, icc itt wa. War ntettu ca aqa wenni i t iccin d wenni i daneɣ ijjin ɛad aqa netseqsa ma ad necc s ufusi niɣ s uẓelmaḍ? ma ad nessizwar aḍar afusi niɣ aḍar aẓelmaḍ?
Mli nmun marra x uẓelmaḍ ad yili umezruy nneɣ melmi isliwlew tilelli.
Yura-t: Muhemmed Essanusi
Klika x-as: Adaf n irifiyen deg wemsiqḍi n iseppunya jer-asen


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Wami ilul ufgan lulen akid-s ijḍiḍen ttekksen x-s leqneḍ s llɣa-ines ag tfawin, d imesli agaman ig ittmsebḍan jar n usemmiḍ d wenẓar d wajjaj d iɣezran i ittazzlen, iksi zzeg-s ufgan marra min ɣa t-yejjen ad isakar ula d netta min ɣa t-isfurrjen, rid ittxemmam ɣar-s adji, izemmar zg-s ad imxubbec ag ixef-ines, ag ugama ura d netta, uxa yufa aɣezdis-a g tsekla ijjen uraq d tudert n Arif, issen-it umeẓẓyan d umeqqran :
« Ay ya ralla buya » : d ijjen usastel (lmizan) d Amaziɣ teṭṭfen zg-s asastel n iɣennijen, leqmen zg-s asefru d tseddart d tmeɣruṭ, uxa tucc-as ijn tewlaft zi tewlafin isfurrujen ɣar tudert Umaziɣ Arifi, zi melmi ɣar-s ijjen uraq ur zmmaren akid-s msebḍan, ura g tmeɣriwn, ura g uraren ittmsebḍan zi wa ɣar wa. Uxa ittɣima aɣennij s ijjen tabridt nniden d ufuɣ x ubrid n llɣa d abeddir i tmagit . « Ay ya ralla buya » d tmeslayt ɣar-s ccan, d ijjen unezwi g ddcar zeg usenqar ar tagut.
KHALID BENHMAN – « asuɣel zi Teɛrabt a Tmaziɣt » Abdurraḥim Dadi Ttassuli.
Izlan n « Lalla buya » netnin smunan jar usefru ittwaɣennjen d ccdiḥ, ssnent-as temɣarin s waṭṭas, da a nbedd ɣar ijjen wawal inna-t Beethoven « min iknan tmijjawin, d min yiziḍen g iɣennijen, ur ten-ittɣennaj ɣir ul n tyemmat », uxa d manaya ɣa naf g ijjen wakud a temɣart Tarifit.
Amedya :
A lalla tamzyida am hedmeɣ taɣmmart *** Mala wyeɣ mami-inu am tt-bniɣ s nnuqert
Ɣar-kent arrayes am arrays umutur *** ggent-as iseɣwan qnent a ɣar uzemmur
A taqmijjat n mangaw u ḏas yari bu reqfur *** Ur-ḏn bu zzin n ci i ɣa y-aḏfn g-ur (tnayen-a izlan zi ddcar n uduz).
Yekka umxumbel x tsekla-ya d asehqar d assenqes d acencel zeg Iwehhabiyen, ila yella umedyaz ur ɣar-s yelli ccan, ruglen zg-s iwdan, ur tteḥsiben lwacun-ines, ur t-qebblen ttazzlen x-s qqaɛ zi taddart, uxa nettxemmam ɣer wawal n « Emil Cioran » « ur ittexsen llɣa ɣa wenni itteftittizen g tudart », maca nettaf xmi ittili ci n lfurjet niɣ ci n tmeɣra… ittiri d netta d muxyus, minzi isfarruj iwdan!
Ittwassen iger n llɣa g arif s isuraf msebḍan ; g umezgaru din ccḍiḥ, netta d ijjn ccḍiḥ d afulkluri. Asurif wis 2 melmi iṭṭef Lmaɣrib tasimant, tettwarẓm tawwurt ad adfen imassen «des instrument » g llɣa d amaynu zg-s « lbanju, guitar, violon – … » maca teqqim g tmagit waxxa tettbeddal g uklasi n yimis « instrument ».
Asurif wis 3 yudef llɣa g Arif g ijn uklasi nneḍḍen i yelsqen a wawal, qqarn-as aɣennij yezdigen (la chanson engagée), zeg imeɣnaj i iggan isem-nsen g wakud-a nettaf « Ɛallal Cileḥ, Walid Mimun, Mustafa Ayned, Xalid Izri, Itran, Ḥafid tifridjas, Mimun Paku, Sullit, Qusmit …. ».
Tikli wis 4 ucan g-s imeɣnaj lbal-nsen aṭṭas i llɣa, imiss « l’instrument », maca awal ur das-ucin tasɣart-ines, tudef g-s aṭṭas iklasyyin n tutlayin (amzaray asniles – Divergence linguistique) « aɣennij wer yeḍbiɛen « .
Zi manaya qqaɛ ikesi-aneɣ umnus ɣar waraq n unaẓur gi llɣa jar n ass-a d iḍennaḍ, melmi nxezzar a tmsrayt-a « isemmeḍ leɛjeb g ufus », nettaf wenni i ileqqan “receveur” itterra aɣennij a wenni t-ittɣennajen g « théâtre », ur din ittiii uxezzar qa din ij umari yuri awaren-a ur xes mmarsent tifawin, maca a nini tidet, tamsrayt-a ad tt-nerr a tseḍma imeɣnaj i ur yerrin tayntṯ i isem n unaẓur, ura d ij umaru isem-ines nettaf-it g tzemmimin n tnixt, niɣ temɣnaj i twalfin, maca mermi nettrah a tutlayin nniḍen d tasekla n umaḍal nettaf ci nneɣni, ntaf anaẓur ssarayen-as g ccan-ines netta d umeɣnuj, marra manaya netterta-t ɣar waṭṭas n tmentilin :
1- Azlawi ur t-yecqi isem-ines g walbum uɣennij.
2- Ur das-ucin i ism n wezrawi taynit, uxa ufant d ijjen tmeslayt ur tecqi.
3- Azrawi ittiri yarseq ɣar tsedma, uxa ur t-kessin g lbal, uxa tterran-t tizemmar d ict.
4- Ur ttiwen g tzemmar uzrawi, uxa tterran aɣennij d imiss «instrument », d netta d tizemmar mix idja kulci, maca amux nniḍen ig illan d tidett, x manaya a rami d iffeɣ aɣennij yeḍbɛen “Musique fluide”. Uxa wami iweddar wawar n tmaziɣt jar n iwdan, uxa ḏfarn aceyyar, abeddel ilsawen g llɣa n Arif.
Da ad arreɣ taynit a ijn ufsar g « facebook » ifsar-it uselmad « Jamal Abarnus »
G iseggusa imeggura rxezraṯ a uzrawi tettdwim tehruri, uxa idwer umeɣnuj itari nnit, ittɣennaj nnit, wa d ij uɣezḏis ad yawi s uɣennij a ijn ubrid yifruri… mara ifaqq unazur adelsan, rid aɣennij g umezwaru d tabrat, mgal min ittmsaren g usarag n tzuri ass-a, uxa tdwer trezzut x « lbuz » araq ma ad tiri trazzut x umnus d imxumbal n waydud n tidett, uxa idwel llɣa ur yeḍbiɛen g tzuri ḏ tutlayt, u d inni ttwalan awara ci n ddiq, uxa twaran aɣennij n ruxa d tarut n wakud-a tusa-d akid-s, atiɣ wami tfanya tudart n iwdan wami rugrn zeg ixef d yiman-nnsen, da maci netxiyyaq x llɣa marra, rid ntaf din tesḍma g igar n lɣa, d tzemmar ihuḏriyyen « imeqsan band – agraf – rif expirience – ilyass ahuḏri – … » trazzu x ixf-ines, teg mix ṯzemmar zi lallaɣ n taysu.
Nettat taẓuṛi mux ma tegga tamagit ines ixssa ad yiri ag uɣezḏis n waydud g umezgaru, rid d netta d ttufit u zg-s i tiri tudert, ma taẓuṛi i das-ittweddaren yiman-ines jar n uɛecci d tiwcca ur iggur a dat, ur izmmmar ad ibedd aṭṭas, adwar a taysi d ixf d tmagit ḏ taẓɣuṛt n tidett, uxa asirem lebda ittemɣur maḥend ɛad aqqa-aneɣ neddar, mara din tizmmar n umari iṭṭfeng uzwar, i d-ɣemyin zi rajjaɣ unulif.
ABDURRAHIM DADI TTASULI
10-04-2020


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Tiɣerɣert tumḍint « Taɣamsa »
S Lmenddad n mass Mohamed BOUSLIMANI, Aneɣlaf n teywalt, ad d-yelhu Umaray Amatu n Usqamu unnig n Timmuzɣa, Mass Si El Hachemi ASSAD, d Unemhal Amatu n Rradyu taɣelnawt, Mass Mohamed BAGHALI, ass n Aram (tlata) 15 furar 2022 deg tzeqqa Aissa Messaoudi n uxxam n Rradyu, s uciri unṣib n Tɣerɣert tumḍint « Taɣamsa/ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵎⵙⴰ » yerzan amawal yettwasmersen deg taɣult n tɣamsa d taywalt.
Tiɣerɣert-a tumḍint, d allal s wazal-is ara yefken tagnit i yineɣmasen iwakken ad d-fken timusniwin-nsen deg uswir aseklan akked tnaktiwin, AD tili assaɣ ara yessimlilen akk inaktiyen iɣamsanen s tutlayt n Tmaziɣt s tantaliwin-ines yellan di tmurt-nneɣ. Asenfar-a yusa-d d aseḍru n yiwellihen d-fkan yimettikkiyen deg tannant n usileɣ n yineɣmasen iqeddecen deg rradyuwat timnaḍanin n Rradyu taɣelnawt, d tannant i d-yellan ilmend n teẓrigt tamezwarut n « Lezzayer deg wul » i d-yettwasuddesen seg 05 ɣer 08 Yulyu 2021 deg temdint n Bumerdes.


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Yeḍleq usit n lerifain ij n ulaɣi maḥend ad yili ij n ubeddi ɣer useggas wis xemsa zeg wami i yemmt Chacha. Lerifain yenna ila aswizi di tmeddit-a ad yili s yizlan, tiqessisin, iɣennijen d wawalen n imeddukel niɣ inni issnen Chacha. Ad ssiwlen x min kid-s ddren niɣ ula d awal n inni ixsen ad inin ca deg wudem n Chacha.
Amelqi-ya ad yili ass n 03 zi 07 ɣer 20:00 (GMT+1). Inni i ixsen ad sekken acrak-nnsen, ad t-isekken da :
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zi ssa ar: 30.06.2021


text:
Ukud Akk imeslaḍ n
temzayt i d-inan taṛgamt-nsen
Anda Deg
tiɣmert n temzayt,
Deg
ugama,
Ɣer yiwen imeslaḍ n temzayt,
Melmi
Awalan : tikelt i 15 wusan, tamzayt ur nesɛi ara acu ara d-tini, neɣ ur teg ara aṭṭas, ur tesɛu ara deqs n irmuden, yerna ad tesɛu kan ciṭ teyti.
Afa ɣ nami : yal tikelt ma yili d tiferi,
Ar tagara n temlilit, neɣ n turza, aken ad ẓren yerna ad sqerdcen ayen i d-itedun.
Amek S usiwel n
ufesnaw
S usentel n temlilit i d-ɣser iked
unmazul, i zran akk imeslaḍ di tizwirt, aken yal yiwen ad yawi tiktiwin-is i usqardec.
S tenbaṭ n ufesnaw ara inilin askasi.
Asnulfu n wansayen
Isem
Tiɣri
Takbabt
tamtart
Amedya ad teḍfar.
Tisedi n tenbaḍin
Tamzayt ad tefren afesnaw, afran-agi ad t-selkem usqamu n wannuz, tlaq taɣẓint tamurant aken ad agin afran-agi.
Tamzayt ad tefren anmazul.
Tamzayt ad teɣṭes s
tawuri d waggay n yal yiwen.
Afesnaw ad inil tamzayt s tewzut d tumert , yal ass d asmuzget i iɣeblan d iɛkiren n yal yiwen, anmazul ad s-iṭef tama s tufra d tamllit.
Asali n wahil
Timliliyin,
Tirziwin,
Tagara n durt,
Iguren,
Tafarayt n imeslaḍ
Taṛgamt,
Tamadayin n tewzut,
Timadayin n uramsu,
Tazuri n tmmazagt.
Yal yiwen isɛa aɣilif n uskan n tmatart-ines deg ikayaden n tamadayin iked tẓuri n tmazagt : Aseqqamu isekfeḍ, iseɣbas tafarayt tudmawant iked win n temzayt.
Tamzayt ur neẓwir ara di tẓuri ad taf uguren deg igur unebdu zdat temzayin niḍen, ihi ilaq kan af temzayt-agi ad semwiwel iman-is aken ad tili deg uswir-ines afulay. Ma yela nfel i wungim n wurrar, tamzayt isgilfen aken iwata, ad tizmir aken ad tseḍru irmuden imeqranen yerna d imsekna.(acali, tudert n termitin niḍen).
Ared n irmuden Leqdic d takuta
Urraren
Aszref n temzayt
Asali n teɣmert n temzayt.
Asizref n temzayt
Tamzayt ad tsadden allan-is n tigawt, ad teseč taɣsurt-is s irmuden n usiẓref ad s-isunfen aken ad tesɛu angawen-is yerna ad tili tamelilit.
Tamzayt ur tetsraǧu ara amenẓaḍ, neɣ
irmuden n uguzdi iked usiẓref-ines, ma yela temzayt tebɣa ad tefaɣ ar tirza, d netsat ara ikren i yal taɣawsa : asiẓref, tudsa iked udeggi n useqqamu ifesnawen.
Tanaṭ n irmuden Akcemhil,
Tiseglit,
Tayti tanaramt,
Alugan anaram .
Akcemhil
Tamzayt ilaq ad tili d tanbaṭ af ukcemhil n imeslaḍ-is.
Ma yela win yufan ad isekcem imeslaḍ imaynuten, mačči d uktu, maca ma yela yal ameslaḍ ad yawi amdakul-is neɣ aqcic ilemẓi ad iqlen d afaddad win ara d ikecmen ar
aguzdi, tamzayt ad tḥeli aṭas ma teg aka.
Ma yela
tamzayt d tagaymurt, ur tetsenbuwil ara maḍi, iban ad tejqu. D netsat kan i tanebaṭ af wayen ad s iḍrun, anamek-is akk imeslaḍ-is.
Asel ɣ u
Iɣella,
Aguzdi,
Imawlan.
Akk tiɣṭasin n useq qamu n temzayt i yuran di tanaṭ i useqqamu ifesnawen,
Afesnaw d iles n temzayt deg aseqqamu ifesnawen(aqlal, isenfaren, tuzɣinin, d isumren).
Tagrayt
I win ara d-ikecem tikelt tamenzut ar temzayt , ad ixlaɛ ma ara iwali tafulmanit n temzayt, deg
unagraw am wagi, ur nzem ara amenẓaḍ ma ur yeli wacu iwqem, mačči am deg uguzdi anda iɣella tsawin ilmeẓyen deg ufus ar irmuden ilezlazan. Di tanaramant, d inaramen s timad-nsen i yetsgen akk aya. Ihi ma yela urmud ur ilhi ara, d kunwi ay inaramen ara semwiwlen iman-nwen aken ad ilhu tikelt niḍen. Talit n uzɣen kan s wawal tezri, tesɛam tura alalen ilaqen aken ad tgem tigawt aken ad tesgerzem cwiṭ tudert.
Ɣar daɣen
Acu i tanaramant Agzul Aseqqamu Temzayt
Ahil Useggas Temzayt
Aseqqamu Temzayt
Irmuden n temzayt
Iswiyen n temzayt
Tamzayt Ifazen
Tamzayt Timunent
Tamzayt
Tamsegrrit Di Temzayt
Tayti n Temzayt
Timliliyin Temzayt
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Vorsitzender des Krankenpflegevereins Hohenkemnath feiert 70. Geburtstag
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Asedwel ɣer Tmaziɣt : Omar LMEDDAM
Taridirt tanimant
Tiwlafin : Ahmed Abdelkhalki
IXEF AMEZWARU:
2):
Ufiɣ ict tyaẓiḍt temmut. Darrɛeɣ-as ɣer yidmaren-inu uca ruḥeɣ ggur tazzleɣ ɣer taddart-nneɣ. Baba d yemma ttuɣa-ten di temdint. Uma ibbuẓẓel di teɣmart, azyen-nnes n nnej immeksi sennej i tsunta. Itterra nnefs s uɣil. Tiṭṭawin-nnes imɣaren isslawent ḥeṭṭan-tt manis i d-ttadfen zi tewwurt. Ittwala tyaẓiḍt. Rrint id taynit-nsent tiṭṭawin-nnes. Isfarnin. Izwiweɣ uɣembub-nnes muẓẓiɣ. Ittenhezza axmi i d-ikker zeg wesxaf. Itusu s ubirreh. Ufiɣ uzzal. Ittusu issuḥrut. Rriɣ s wudem-inu ɣer lqibelt n iyyart : mani ttuɣa ẓarreɣ yemma terra s wudem tettẓalla. Nniɣ s jjehd : « bismi Allah. Allahu akbar ». Ammu i ẓriɣ tteggen-as imeqqranen. Ɣarseɣ-as ar ami das-ikkes uzellif. Rajiɣ ad d azzlen idammen. Lettfeɣ-tt ḥadar ad zzay-s d azzlen.Udumen-d drus n idammen ḥedqen zeg wexbuc n yiri-nnes. Ẓriɣ-ten di Arif ɣerrsen i yikerri. Wer ssineɣ mant asulef. Ssersen aɣarraf s adu yiri n ikerri ittcacuren s idammen. Iccur uɣarraf wcin-as-t i yemma ihelcen.
Ẓriɣ-ten ṭṭfen yemma di tassut nettat tettagi ad tsu idammen. Sesswen-as-ten s uɣil. Ixnunnes uɣembub-nnes d waṛṛuḍ-nnes. Teḥnunneḍ di tassut uca tesqar amen tettemtim wer tessin min teqqar. Mayemmi wer d-tcacuren idammen lexxu zeg yiri n tyaẓiḍt amec ten- ẓriɣ ttcacuren zeg yiri n ikerri ? Ssentiɣ ad tt snecfeɣ. Ttesliɣ i yemma teqqar-ayi :
— Min tegged ? Manis i tt-id-tucred ?
— Ufiɣ-tt tehlec. Ɣarseɣ-as zdat ma d temmet. Sseqsa wma.
— Abuhaliy ! (tecqeḍ-itt zeg ufus-inu amen tekfaṛ). Aterras wer itett amarḍuṣ.
Nexzar necc d uma deg wayawya s lxezrat ixeyyqen. Marra yedneɣ neqqen tiṭṭawin nettraja min ɣa necc.
Baba kul tameddit iddakkʷal-d s ifassen ttqarquben. Nzeddeɣ deg yijjen wexxam. Ca n twalatin teṭṭṣeɣ deg wemcan-nni mani tekmummuceɣ s imant-nnes. Baba qa d amẓiw. Xmi d-ittadef wer ittili wawal ula d anhezzi ɣir mala ixes netta amecnaw Sidi Rebbi wer ittemsir walu ḥa mala ixes netta amec ttesliɣ qqaren yewdan. Iccat yemma amen wer teggi yimi. Aṭṭas n twalatin ttesliɣ iqqar-as :
— Ad day-m semḥem a yelli-s n tmeggant. Nḍar-d buḍ-nnem aked yeqzinen-a.
Itneffaḥ ṭaba. Issawal aked yixef-nnes. Issusuf xef yewdan wer llin. Ittekkʷar-aneɣ. Iqqar i yemma : « cemm d tameggant d yellis n tmeggant ». Lebda ittekkʷar amaḍal iccat di Rebbi, cwayt uca itetter zzay-s ad as-tessuref.
Uma ittru, itneẓbar, ittru xef weɣrum. Netta imẓi xaf-i. Ttruɣ akid-s. Ttwaliɣ-t iggur ɣar-s. Amẓiw iggur ɣar-s. Tibbuhelya di tiṭṭawin-nnes. Ifassen-nnes am mimuzaren. Ula d ijjen ma izemmar-as. Xarrseɣ ixef-inu tettreɣ aɣawel. Amẓiw ! abuhaliy ! ṭṭfem-t ! izliy-as umennuri iri s jjehd.
Uma itbarkikkiḍ. Idammen tteffɣen-as-d zeg uqemmum. Rewleɣ ɣer berra i taddart-nneɣ jjiɣ-t isɣad yemma s idubbizen d arcul. Nnuffreɣ ḥuma ad rajiɣ aneggar umenɣi. Ula d ijjen ma ikka d sinni. Timijjawin n tmeddit-nni iggʷjent udsent-ayi. Ajenna. Tifawin n Rebbi ẓrint ɣezzu igga baba. Iwdan ṭṭṣen. Tfawt n Rebbi treqq txessi. Aɛerbub n yemma. Tnixt-nnes tefsus. Trezzu xafi. Tettru. Tallest tessaggʷad-ayi. Mayemmi wer tejhid am netta ? Iryazen ccaten timɣarin nitenti ttrunt sɣuyyunt.
— Muḥemmed. Muḥemmed-inu. Aṛaḥ-d. Wer teggʷed. Aṛaḥ-d.
Uciɣ s mezri wami tt-ttwaliɣ nettat wer dayi-tettwili. Nniɣ-as :
— Aqqa-ayi danita.
— Aṛaḥ -d.
— Lla. Ad ayi-ineɣ amec yenɣa uma-inu.
— Wer teggʷed. Aṛwaḥ-d akid-i. Wer cekk ineqq ca. Aṛaḥ-d. Sqar ḥuma wer daneɣ-tteslan yewdan.
Ittru itneffaḥ ṭaba. Pik ya wlidi : ineqq uma ittru xaf-s.
Nessens s kraḍ idneɣ nettru s useɣdi. Uma seḥnunnḍen-t dlin-t s yijjen weḥṛuc d acemlal. Necc ṭṭṣeɣ jjiɣ-ten nitni ttrun.
Wami i d-yuffu uzil nru tanya s useɣdi. D ta twalat tamezwarut di ggureɣ ɣer imeḍlan ad nemḍel ca n yijjen. Uma immeksi jer iɣallen n yijjen uwessar deg yijjen ujartil, baba awarn-as necc awarn-asen ggureɣ s leḥfa tzeḥḥafeɣ.
Ssersen-t deg yijjen wexbuc yuff. Necc tarjijiɣ ttruɣ. Ict tbeqqiḍt n idammen tuzeɣ deg uqemmum-nnes. Itweḍḍar awarni ucal. Idḥa d taɛrurt d tameẓẓyant.
Irra-d taynit uwessar-nni i tfednin-inu itudumen s idammen wami i d-neffeɣ zi tmeḍlin. Isseqsa-ayi s Tmaziɣt :
— Mana ddem-a ?
— Ɛefseɣ x zzaj.
Inna baba :
— Wer issin ula mammec ɣa yugur. D abuhali.
Isseqsa-ayi uwessar :
— Ttuɣa tettexsed umac ?
— Aṭṭas. (Ttuɣa-ayi ɛad ttruɣ) Yemma ttuɣa-tt tettexs-it aṭṭas. Tettexs-it ktar zzay-i.
— Min iɛna wa wer ittexsen mmi-s ?
Iḍḍar-d ɣer twengimt-inu mammec das-izliy iri baba i wuma. Ttuɣa ggur ad sɣuyyeɣ : « baba ttuɣa wer t-ittexs ca. Netta i t-inɣin. Wah, inɣi-t. Inɣi-t inɣi-t. Ẓriɣ-t ineqq-it. D netta d netta i t-inɣin. Ẓriɣ-t ineqq-it. Izliy-as iri. Ffɣen-as-d idammen zeg uqemmum. Ẓriɣ-t ẓriɣ-t ineqq-it ad t-ineɣ Rebbi ».
Rniɣ ttruɣ ḥuma ad ssefsaseɣ cwayt zeg wecrah-inu imɣaren i baba. Ttuɣa ggʷdeɣ ad ayi-ineɣ amec inɣa wma. Inheḍ-d xafi s cwayecwayt :
— Wer tseqqirid zeg imeṭṭawen ?
Inna uwessar :
— Wah, sqar zeg imeṭṭawen. Uma-c aqqa-t ɣer Rebbi. Lexxu netta aqqa-t aked iniren.
Carheɣ ula d wa imeḍlen uma.
Γer ɛawed: Aɣrum ḥafi n Muḥemmed Cukri s Tmaziɣt (1)


text:
Imaziɣen ila ssnen Tamasiḥit qbel ma ad tt-taweḍ ɣer Uruppa d Umarikan d Asiya. Iẓuran n Tmasiḥit deg yeẓẓelmeḍ n Tefrikt ttɛeqqaben ɣer lqern amezwaru zi tlalit n Ɛisa Lmasiḥ. Ben Xeldun d Lbekri ttɛawaden ila Philipe d Matthieu (imeḥḍaren n Ɛisa) wwḍen-dd ɣer yeẓẓelmeḍ n Tefrikt deg iseggusa-nnes imezwura n Tmasiḥit. Din wi yeqqaren ila awaḍ-nnsen ɣer Imaziɣen ttuɣa-t deg ij n lweqt d Ɛisa ɛad yedder.
Simon n Cyrene, Maziɣ amezwaru i yumnen s Ɛisa
Xmi nessawal x Imaziɣen d Tmasiḥit, a dd-neydar d amezwaru Simon n Cyrène, d netta i ttuɣa zi sebɛin n ireqqasen imezwura n Tmasiḥit mamec ttuɣa yeksi tabrat n Lmasiḥ yugur aked imumnen. Yus-d deg yinjil n Markus deg wezgen wis 15, aya 21 : « Uca ffɣen zzag-s maḥend a t-sellben, ufin ijj n wergaz ttuɣa ixeddem deg yiger, netta d Simon n Cyrène baba-s n Aliksander d Ruf maḥend ad yeksi ssalib-nnes ». Simun d tarwa-nnes Aliksander d Ruf, zeg Imaziɣen Imasiḥiyen imezwura i dd-iydaren deg yinjil. Yus-d deg yinjil n Luka : « Umi zzag-s uguren, ufin Simon, ijjen urgaz zi Cyrène ttuɣa yus-d zeg yiger, ggin x-as ssalib-nni maḥend ad t-yeksi Yasuɛ » (Luka 23 :26). Ilibiyen (Imaziɣen) usin-d deg wass n xemsin zeg wami selben lmasiḥ (amek qqaren) ssiwḍen lexbar-nnes deg yeẓẓlmeḍ n Tefrikt.
Markus ; d Maziɣ i yuran ijjen yenjil zi rebɛa yettwassnen.
Umi selben Lmasiḥ amec qqaren Imasiḥiyen, imeḥḍaren-nnes ruḥen ɣer merra imukan bac ad ssiwḍen ddin-a amaynu. Nettaf Simon-Pierre d Paul ruḥen ɣer Ruma, Matthieu iraḥ ɣer Sudan d Tefrikt, André ɣer Babel, Yeɛqub ɣer Lqudes d Barthélemy ɣer Waɛɛraben d Lhend. Maca Simon n Cyèrne iraḥ ɣer Cyrène (ittwasemman ass-a s Berqa) di tmura n Imaziɣen merra. Nettaf ɛawed ameḥḍar Markus netta zeg iwdan imezwura issiwḍen lexbar n Tmasiḥit di Tmazɣa, minzi netta d Maziɣ zi temdint n Abritol. D netta i ttuɣa yemdukkulen aked Ɛisa d imeḥḍaren-nnes uca yedwel-dd ɣer tmurt-nnes zeg « selben Lmasiḥ ». Di Libiya i yura injil n Markus yettwassnen s yisem-nnes. S manaya i zi ɣa nessen belli Tamasiḥit tus-dd zeg weɣbal-nnes nican maci tekk-dd zi Roma.
Imasiḥiyen imezwura d Imaziɣen
Aṭṭas n tamara d tɛenkraf i yekkin x Imasiḥiyen imezwura. Udayen d nitni i dasen-ibedden d iɣes n tmijja di twalat tamezwarut. D nitni umi qqaren ila qa nɣin Ɛisa maḥend ad sbedden tadeyyant-a di twalat talezwarut. Deg umezwaru maci aṭṭas n Imaziɣen i yedwlen d Imasiḥiyen, minzi la d Roma wer txes ca tadeyyant-a ad tadef ɣer wulawen n yewdan. Jar kṭer umi ugin yewdan ad ɛebden Aympraṭur Arumani ad t-rren amecnaw Rebbi. Maca zi lqern wis tnayen wis tlata d beddu n wis rebɛa i di ɣa tebda tamsiḥit ad tewwet iẓuran-nnes. Dewlen Imaziɣen tteɛqqaben d Imasiḥiyen kṭer zeg wudayen.
Tiglizin timezwura yettwabnan deg yeẓẓelmeḍ n Tefrikt nettaf icten di Qerṭaj (Tunes) tenniḍen di Sitifis (Sṭif, Dzayer) D tazult (10 klm sadu Tbatent) d Madura (amkan mani ilul Saint Augustine), Thysdrus (Tunes) d Leptis Magna (Libiya).
Amasiḥi yettwassnen umi qqaren Tertullian yessiwel s waṭṭas x mamec Imaziɣen Igitulen d Imuriyen Imaziɣen waxxa wer ɣer-sen tiwiḍ Roma maca waxxa amenni dewlen d Imasiḥiyen. Maca di lɛahed n Diocletian, Ayempraṭur Arumani ẓrin akid-s Imasiḥiten muc d wungal. Yewwi-ten ɣer leḥbes, irdel-asen tiglizin-nnsen isscemḍ-asen lektub-nnsen. Akud-nnes ttsemman-tt imasiḥiyen s wakud n « imɣarusen ».
Waxxa amenni, Imaziɣen deg wakud-nni qqimen ṭṭfen di Tmasiḥit, waxxa ttuɣa din tiɛenktaf zi Roma.


text:
Di zzman, ijj n ttajar d utemsaman, qqaren-as Amanku, ɣer-s ijj n mmi-s qqaren-s Mmuḥ. Netta d temɣart-nnes, ssegmen ijj n tayyawt-nsen, jemɛent-idd d tayujilt meskina, szedɣen-tt kid-sen di taddart, qqaren-as Mammat.
Mmuḥ Umanku, yecna deg waẓẓri : ha tiddi, ha yudem, acewwaf-nnes d tiṭṭawin-nnes d iberkanen. Mammat ɛawed, wer tt-ixess walu. Di tiddi yezzuggart x-as cwayt Mmuḥ Umanku, ɣer-s tiṭṭawin d tizegzawin, acewwaf d azegrar. D iqqrinen deg ussan.
Umi illa (ttuYa) llan d imeẓẓyanen, illa ttetten merra, qqaren merra, ttiraren merra. Illa tetticc-asen yemma-s n Mmuḥ Umanku ijj uɣenja ttirrḍen-as iḥeṭṭawen, tterran-t d mmi-tsen, ttiraren zeg-s (Mmuḥ Umanku d baba-s, Mammat d yemma-s). Iban zi temẓi-nsen xmi ɣa meɣren ad ggen axxam-nsen (ad melken)…
Umi i yemɣer Mmuḥ Umanku yehlek, yewḍa-dd x-as manayenni di teyti ; lehlak-nni deg-s wer t-issin ḥedd. Mmuḥ Umanku, lehlak i deg-s itterra ixef-nnes immut, baba-s d yemma-s wer fhimen walu, qqaren-as : « ya Rebbi ssalama », netta iqqar-asen : « necc mmuteɣ, mmuteɣ !!! aggʷjet-ayi luxa ! »
Iwa fhem-as cekk, d tibbuhelya ! wi yessnen manis i das-dd-tekka lefhamet-a ? Ziɣenta, netta illa ittesla ɣer lɣaci, am lalla-s, xalt-is, ḥenna-s…. illa lebda, ḥenna-s, tessawal x jjennet, teqqar-as : « di jjennet walu lxedmet, walu tiɣri, wer ttreẓẓid qaɛ azellif-nnec ». Teqqar-as : « iɣzer n tammemt ssa, iɣzer n ddhen ssa, a mmi ». Teqqar-as : « iḍes, malla texsed teṭṭesed ar azil, wer din qaɛ ameḥḥen-a i nettmeḥḥan di tudert-a ».
Netta Mmuḥ Umanku, wer das-tetteɛjib lxedmet, d ameɛgaz, min wer iḥemmel qqaɛ kter : ad ikker zik, ad iruḥ ɣer sekwila ad iɣer taɛrabt, wer iḥemmel maṭimaṭik, ikreh kulci.
Baba-s iqqar-as : « xmi ɣa temɣared, a mmi, ad tedḥid d ttajar d ameqqran ». Netta, Mmuḥ Umanku, wer ixes ad idḥa d ttajar ; iqqar-as deg-s aṭṭas n treẓẓit uzellif. Inna-s i ḥenna-s : « merra min xseɣ necc, ad raḥeɣ jjennet-nni xef i dayi-tettɛawaded, safi d ayenni, ca nneɣni merra wer dayi-yecqi ». Tenna-s : « maca a mmi-inu aqqa ɣer wi yemmuten i yettraḥen ɣer jjennet ».
Amya Mmuḥ Umanku ixes ad immet deɣya deɣya, bac ad iraḥ deɣya ɣer jjennet, lebda lebda ittɛawad i wawal-a, armi i yerra ixf-nnes immut qaɛɛ. Baba-s d yemma-s tenneqleb-dd x-asen tmurt : « Manaya ? manaya x-aneɣ yuran ? » Mammat, ula d nettat, lebda tettru s tnuffra. Baba-s d yemma-s kul ass qqaren-as : « ssmelleh a mmi, wer temmuted ca ! ». Netta iqqar-asen : « mḍelem-ayi (neḍrem-ayi) luxa, mḍelem-ayi, nniɣ-awem mmuteɣ. Tugim a dayi-temḍlem bac wer ttidfeɣ ɣer jjennet minzi tḥesdem-ayi ».
Baba-s d yemma-s wer jjin aḍbib wer das-dd-uwiyen !!! iḍbiben-nni merra qqaren-as i Mmuḥ Umanku : « wer temmuted ca, umi tessawaled, tettetted, tetteṭṭsed, wer temmuted ca !».
Mmuḥ Umanku umi i ɣa yaf amenni, inna-sen : « iwa rajat ad teẓrem mamek das-tteggen ». lexdenni, iẓumm x macca, yugnu x wawal, iẓẓel waha… Twala-ya yerni wemnus di baba-s d yemma-s, gg°den x-as ad yemmet tamettant n tidet.
Amanku, baba-s n Mmuḥ Umanku, wer yufi mamek ɣa yegg, yedwel iruḥ iẓra dduktur Fridirik di Nnaḍur, cekren-as-t yewdan, iruḥ iẓera-t, issefhem-as kulci. Inna-s-dd Dduktur Fridirik : « a nesqerqeb tiwwura n Rebbi, wec-ayi tmenya n wussan, maca ad teggem merra min dawem-ɣa-iniɣ, wer dayi-teqqarem mayemmi amyin ula d mayemmi ammu, ad teggem merra min dawem-ɣa-iniɣ ». Inna-s Umanku : « d wenni netta a negg merra min texsed, awi-dd ɣer ad iggenfa ». Inna-s dduktur Fridirik : « umi amenni zid », yenna-s Umanku : « d tiyti ». Umi dd-uwḍen ɣer taddart, yenna-sen : « Umanku ad teggem merra min dawem-ɣa-yini dduktur Frididrik, ɣer-wem !!! wer deg-s amyin ula d ammu ». Ayt bab n taddart nnan-as : «d wenni netta !». Iwa ssilyen dduktur Fridirik ɣer tɣurfet-nni mani i itteṭṭes Mmuḥ Umanku, ufin-t iṭṭes di tassut-nnes, idwel d awwraɣ, inɣa-t laz, tafuqit-nnes (leɛbaya) tekref merra, idwel ḥala. Izra-t dduktur Fridirik inna-sen :« mamek dawem-temsar i kenniw, tejjim amettin deg uxxam ? deɣyat ! deɣyat ! swejdet ixf-nwem ad tmeḍlem (tneḍrem) ».
Baba-s d yemma-s n Mmuḥ Umanku, yuker-iten wul. Ma Mmuḥ Umanku, netta, iɛjeb-as lḥal, ifreḥ, igga tanewwart, iqqar-asen : « teẓrim, nniɣ-awem-t, d necc i ɣer yella lḥeqq ! nniɣ-awem aqqa mmuteɣ ».
Amanku d temɣart-nnes, ahta waha, wer ufin mamek ɣa ggen. Manku mamek i yekkes akked dduktur Fridirik wer yufi mamek ɣa yegg ad idwel deg wawal-nnes ; safi yekkar, bla lxaḍer-nnes, ad iraḥ a dd-yawi iwdan ad meḍlen mmi-s.
Mmuḥ Umanku, yefreḥ ɛad kter umi yesla i Dduktur Fridirik yeqqar-sen awyem-t a t-tmeḍlem, ineṭṭu di qama-nnes s lefraḥet, iccat deg uru. Ibḍa ad illaẓ, inna-sen : « awyem-ayi-dd ad cceɣ », yerra-dd x-as dduktur Fridirik : « ar ɣa tawḍed jjennet a din tecced ».
Dduktur Fridirik igabar-dd ijj n wexxam d asebḥan, imɣar, deg-s ttasiɛ. Inna-sen : « ixess a t-tzewqem, ad terrem am jjennet ; kkren ggin amek dasen-inna dduktur Fridirik. Axxam-nni ccuren-t s leḥrir, ggin-as ha lmesk ha lɛember ha tizerbiyin … arrin-t am ixxamen i xef ttɛawadent tḥuja-nni i yessuḍusen s ubeddi.
Ɛedlen axxam-nni mliḥ, bellɛen tiburjatin, rrin rrwaqat , sserɣen ticumɛatin llilet d uzil. Uwyen-dd ca n tmucḍirin n tḥenjirin ssirḍen-asent tiqendar n leḥrir d acemlal, ggin-asent merra tafriwin ɣer deffar, ttbanent-idd am lmala’ikat. Mmuḥ Umanku kefnen-t (cefnen-t), ksin-t di lmeḥmel, uwyen-t a t-meḍlen. Mmuḥ Umanku anict i yefreḥ, yuḥḥel, yuwey-it yiḍes. Min kkin meṭṭlen-t netta iccuxrut. Umi i dd-ifaq, yufa ixf-nnes deg uxxam-nni i das-swejden, inna-s : « mani i da lliɣ ammu ? » ; tenṭeq-dd ijten zi tḥenjirin-nni, tenna-s : « aqqa-c da di jjennet a sidi Mmuḥ ». Issufeɣ-dd afus-nnes, issekk-it x uɛeddis, iwta deg-s inna-s « lluẓeɣ », inna-s : « ma da ca n min ɣa cceɣ ? lluẓeɣ » ; tenna-s : « malla texsed ecc aṭṭas », tewta deg ifassen-nnes, tennurẓem tewwurt, udfen-dd ca n ɛecra id-sen, merra id-sen ɣer-sen tafriwin ɣer deffar. ḥedd yeksi-dd tiẓewḍiwin, ḥedd yewwi-dd tiɣenjayin, Furciṭat, lezyuf, uwyen-dd kulci wer jjin walu. Uwyen-as-dd tiɣerrafin, ccurent s ddhen d tammemt, ssersen-as i Mmuḥ Umanku, serbin-as, ttuɣa yerɣa s laẓ, iqqim ittett, ittett almi i yefya. Issekk ɛawed afus x uɛeddis, ibda ad ifa, inna-s : « ttnuddumeɣ, xseɣ ad ṭṭseɣ ; nnan-as : « xyar a sidi Mmuḥ » uwyen-t ssirden-as, ggin-as lmesk d lɛember, irḍen-as pixama-nnes, ggin-as ula d tacacceyt x uzellif (tacacceyt-nni ɣer-s ula d ticaccutin) umbɛed uwyen-t ad iṭṭes, ggin-t deg ijj n qama ,zi marka-nni n’’ ṭṭef-ayi niɣ ad uwḍiɣ’’. Mmuḥ Umanku, din din ibda iccuxrut, d axanciw deg iḍes.
Tiwecca-nnes, ifaq-dd ittɣil-as ɛad d llilet, yufa tiburjatin qqnent, ticumɛatin-nni qqiment reqqent. Yinni i t-iqablen, ẓrin-t ifaq-dd, ssersen-as-dd ad yecc, ɛawed ddhen-nni d tamment-nni. Inna-sen Mmuḥ Umanku: « mayemmi lebda min dayi-dd-tticcem kif kif, ixess a dayi-dd ttbeddalem, a dayi-dd-tticcem cwayt n lqehwa d uceffay, cwayt n ptippa… », nnan-as : « a sidi Mmuḥ da di jjennet ɣer-neɣ ɣer ddhen d tammemt, d manaya i yellan waha », inna-sen Mmuḥ Umanku : « d azil niɣ ɛad ? », nnan-as : « A sidi Mmuh da mserwasen am llilet am wass ».
Ttuɣa yemla-sen dduktur Fridirik mamek i ɣa tterran x iseqsan-nnes.
Mmuḥ Umanku, waxxa yamenni, icca cwayt n ddhen d tammemt, maca walli am tmeddit-nni yeɛdun. Umi i ykemmel issired ifassen-nnes, inna-sen i yinni i t-ittqabalen : « cḥal tseɛɛet ? », nnan-as : « da, wer da bu tseɛɛet a sidi Mmuḥ, da tiseɛɛatin merra kif kif», inna-sen : « xseɣ ad ffɣeɣ s uzellif-inu (ad berdeɣ) », nnan-as iqeddacen-nni : « a sidi Mmuḥ aqqa-c di jjennet, wer ttettu, iwdan wer tteffɣen s uzellif-nsen (berrḍen) di jjennet », inna-sen : « mamek zeɛma ? ad qqimeɣ ammu ? » nnan-as « wah ».
Mmuḥ Umanku, twedder-as, wer yufi min ɣa yegg, idwel inna-sen i yinni : « min ɣa ggeɣ luxa », nnan-as « walu ! da di jjennet wer ixeddem ḥedd !», inna-sen : « mani llan yinneɣni, maci necc waha i da yellan? », nnan-as : « da di jjennet kul ijj ɣer-s araq-nnes weḥḥed-s », inna-sen: « i malla xseɣ ad raḥeɣ ɣer ca n yijjen zeg-sen ? », nnan-as : « da di jjennet bac ad traḥed zeg uxxam ɣer wenneɣni, xessen-ak d luluf isegg°asen bac ad tawḍed, ammu, wa wer ittreẓẓi azellif i wa ; kul ijjen ittɣima weḥḥed-s ». inna-sen : « i melmi i dd-ɣa-yasen baba d yemma ? », nnan-as yinni : « baba-k iqqim-as ɛad ɛicrin isegg°asen, yemma-c iqqim-as tlatin, ɛad wer dd-ttisen a sidi Mmuḥ », inna-sen « i Mammat ? », nnan-as : « Mammat, nettat ɛad iqqim-as settin iseggusa », inna-sen : « safi ammu i ɣa qqimeɣ weḥḥed-i ? », nnan-as : « i min dak-ittɣil ? ». Mmuḥ Umanku, tweddar-as, inna-sen : « min tettegg Mammat luxa ? » nnan-as : « lexxu aqqa-tt tettru x-ak », nnan-as : « maca wer ittɣimi ḥedd ittru i lebda. Yak ammu a sidi Mmuḥ ? cher, cehrayen a cekk-tettu, a s-dd-yawi Rebbi ca n mmi-s n midden, ad tegg axxam-nnes », nnan-as : « yak ammu a sidi Mmuh ? ». Mmuḥ Umanku yekker, yerra ifassen-nnes ɣer deffar, ibda ittawey itterra am uɛeskri. Iɛdu ɣer-s macca d yiḍes almi din idwel d ilef.
Mmuḥ Umanku-nni i ttuɣa yellan d ameɛgaz, wer ittexs lxedmet ula d tɣuri….wer iqqim d wenni, ibeddel ! luxa ixes ad igg ca n lḥajet, maca min ɣa yegg di jjennet ? walu !!!
Mmuḥ Umanku, iṭṭef ixef-nnes ca n tmenya n wussan, ɣer umeggaru yuẓa ɣer-s lḥal, imell. Iẓẓuyet yemma-s, baba-s, Mammat, iẓẓuyet-iten merra, imell, imell, imell, ayenni waha, yuḥḥel deg uɣimi, yuḥḥel deg iḍes, yuḥḥel zi Macca, yuḥḥel zi kulci ; luxa d netta i irezzun min ɣa yegg, maca walu min ɣa yegg ! walu ! wer illi walu di jjennet!
Inna-sen : « nniɣ-awem, a nessara, a negg pirmi, a nẓer iḥbiben maca ddhen-nni d tammemt-nni, nniɣ-awem, yumayen-nni imezwura d wenni netta maca ɣer umeggaru-ya uẓan ɣer-i ulyen-ay ɣer uzellif ». Maca min t-inɣin merra kter, ikemmel x-as : d umi wer izemmer ad iffeɣ s uzellif-nnes (ad ibreḍ).
Iwweḍ-dd wass wiss tmeniyyam, inna-sen i yqeddacen-nni : « ziɣenta illa qqareɣ-tt waha, ddunit tif jennet » nnan-as yinni « ddunnit tewɛer a sidi Mmuḥ, wenni deg-s yellan ixess-as ad iɣer, ad ixdem, ad iɛeddeb…. ».
Kkiɣ-dd ssa d ssiha ufiɣ ijj n tyuya n tsila, ggiɣ-tent jer iqebbuzen, ccin-ten igenduzen
Iɛdel-itt-idd Khalid BOUYAALA
Zi Mmuḥ Uperpuc n Muḥya.


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Zegga temmers ijjen tefrist (statue) di Tizi Wezzu. Ussan-a imeggura n ujellid Amaziɣ Cicnaq. Umi i d-yusa Useggas amaynu 2971 n Imaziɣen. Ikker ijjen umenɣi jar Imasriyen d Idzayriyen x Twiter. Imezwura qqaren i imeggura belli ukren agla d umezruy n Maser rezzun ad t-rren d Adzayri s bezzez.
Manaya wer lli ibedd ɣer manaya, maca tudef-d ula d Lbiya x umenɣi. Deg ijjen usiweḍ tegg-it-id, tenna g-s ila Cicnaq netta d ajellid d Alibi, zi teqbilt n Imicwacen, d Maziɣ ig illa. Asiweḍ n Tenbaḍt Talibit yenna belli ajellid-a « iḥkem Maser ittwasemma s lwacun wis 22, imerzuten deg umezruy Amisri aqdim ttsemman-as leḥkam n lwacun Talibit ».
Ledzayer kunṭra i Maser
Tḥajit-a n umenɣi, zegga Ledzayer tegga ijjn tefrist n Cicnaq di Tizi Wezzu. Manaya isnekker timessi deg Imasriyen, ttwalan manaya d tukkerḍa i tegga Ledyazer i wagla n tmurt-nnsen. Xenni ḍelqen ijjen hactag ggin-as #Cicnaq_d_Amisri. Idzayriyen rrin-d x manaya nnan: Cicnag netta d ijjen ujellid d Maziɣ. Ledzayer azgen ameqqran n imezdaɣ i dag-s d Imaziɣen. Ssemɣaran s ijj ujellid d Maziɣ.


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Yemmerni-d ɣer yiger n tsekla Tamaziɣt di Arrif ijjen wungal d amaynu yura-t uselmad Ḥasan Benɛaqiya. Ungal-a wa yegga-as i yisem « Jar tecri d weṭṭu ». Yettwaḥsab d ungal amezwaru i yura Benɛaqiya s Tmaziɣt maca ttuɣa izwar-as issufeɣ-d ca n tira nneḍni s Tefransist. Deg iyuren i yeɛdan ttuɣa issufeɣ-d tamezgunt n « Taɣarect n tebqect ».
Ḥasan Benɛaqiya i yellan d aselmad n tutlayt Tafransist d Tmaziɣt. Yettwaḥsab zeg ipilaren n tsekla Tarifiyt s tira-nnes d wefran ig issruɣa x tira Tamaziɣt.
Yemmerni-d ɣer yiger n tsekla Tamaziɣt di Arrif ijjen wungal d amaynu yura-t uselmad Ḥasan Benɛaqiya. Ungal-a wa yegga-as i yisem « Jar tecri d weṭṭu ». Yettwaḥsab d ungal amezwaru i yura Benɛaqiya s Tmaziɣt maca ttuɣa izwar-as issufeɣ-d ca n tira nneḍni s Tefransist. Deg iyuren i yeɛdan ttuɣa issufeɣ-d tamezgunt n « Taɣarect n tebqect ».


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Wwḍen inni immuten di Qabuyawa s ccreb aɛeffan ar setta n iwdan, mani wis sebɛa aqqa-t di Spiṭar n Berkan. Iwdan-a i ttuɣa i yeggin ij n tɣimit, ila akid-sen tlata n tḥenjirin, mmuten, zegga swin ijjen marka n ccreb ippirima.
Tiḥenjirin-a ig ixeddment di Qabuyawa, nitenti zi ccerq, ila qqiment ttqessarent aked ca n tarwa n Qabuyawa, ijjen zeg inni ittili d aɛessas x ṭṭumubinat deg ubilaj-a s ixef-nnes.
Tiḥramin-a zegga swint ccreb, sḥissent ila wer llint bu mliḥ, ḥa ffɣent uca tnayen idsent ad uḍant nican, mani ijten zzag-sent a temmet di Spiṭar.
Di Simana i yeɛdan, mmuten rebɛa n yewdan di jjihet n Ddriwec (Tafersit d Benṭiyyeb) minzi swin ijjen ccreb ippirima.
Amec nessen ɛawed, ila di ca n wussan i yeɛdan, ila mmuten ca n 11 n yewdan di Nnaḍur, umi swin beɛda la nitni ccreb d aqdim.
Manaya ittas-d minzi wer din bu ca n ukuntruli x ccreb, i yella ixess ad zzenzen di pisriyat. Jjihet n Ddriwec amen tekmel wer din ɣer-s ula d ijjen wemkan mani znuzan ccreb. Di Nnaḍur, din ijjen wemkan waha di Selwan.
Aked manaya, di Nnaḍur d Ddriwec, wer din bu lbiran d ddiskutikat mani zemmren iwdan ad rewwḥen x ixef-nnsen ad swen trankil. Amec yella di tneddam-nniḍen.
Azgen ameqqran n Irifiyen ttuɣa ttraḥen ɣer Mlilet bac ad swen, ɛawed ila ssaɣen-dd senni, znnuzan s ttrabandu deg ibilajen-nniḍen, maca zegga tbelleɛ Mlilet, dewlen ttmettan iwdan i yessesen, minzi sessen ijjen marka wer issin ḥedd manis tt-ittawin igerraben.
Xirebbi n midden qqaren ila ixess uɣil ad reẓmen pisryat n ccreb bac iwdan ad swen ij n ḥajet d tamezdagt, wer ten-tḍerri di sseḥḥet-nnsen a ten-ttneɣ.


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TAMURT – Taqbaylit nneɣ cubaɣ-tt ɣer rreẓq ur d-ijmaiɛ ara ufellaḥ di lexla. Am win yeǧǧan rreẓq-is iḍaɛ. D acu ara yeḍrun ma iḍaɛ rreẓq di lexla ? Meḥsub at- ččen iɣersiwen n teẓgi am uccen, awtul, aweṭṭuf neɣ maḍi lmal n udaynin: d taɣaḍt, d azger, d aɣyul, ateg,…
Tella diɣen tayeḍ, d win ara iruḥen ad ijmaɛ ayla n medden, netta ayla-s at-yeǧǧ iḍaɛ. Asmi ara iqelleb fell-as ad yaf ifut-t lḥal, imiren as-yeqqar: aaah, a tin xedmeɣ, a rreẓq-iw iḍaɛen !…. Wwin-t iḥemmalen n waman, iruḥ yemmečč deg iɣezran.
Ihi, tura ad d-uɣaleɣ ɣer rreẓq nneɣ, bɣiɣ ad d-iniɣ d taqbaylit neɣ tamaziɣt tutlayt n tyemmatin nneɣ. Ilaq as-neg leqrar ad tt-id nejmaɛ ɣer ikufan, ad ttneḥrez amma ad terku. Wagi i d taqbaylit, i d tamaziɣt.
Taqbaylit neɣ tamaziɣt, mazal-itt di lexla, maca ayen yuran am ayen yennejmaɛen ɣer ikufan, melmi ik-yehwa ad t-id-smireḍ ɣer tqedduḥt ayen ara d-zḍeḍ i ymensi.
Nezmer diɣen a nmmettel taqbaylit (tamaziɣt) ar tmazirt, acku tamazirt d lmelk, d iger i d-yusan ɣer ṭṭerf n taddart, anida « qqen tiṭṭ-ik kan tewḍeḍ » (01)
D amkan i deg akal-is yerwa leɣbar. M-id-iffeɣ bab-is, ɣer berra, m-id-yufa imuzzuren (ḥaca-t-wen) deg ubrid n taddart, a ten-iddem s ufus-is, a ten-yawi, ad ten-iḍegger ɣer wakal n tmazirt.
D amkan aɛzizen fell-as, kra yellan d lfakya yeẓẓa-tt dinna, am ṛṛemman, llxux, ifires, tajnant yernu as-yernu sin n tlata n lwidan n ṭumaṭic d lwad n ifelfel d tacukett n uẓalim (lebṣel) d wayeḍ n teskert (ticcert) d lbaṭaṭa, atg,…
Ihi, taqbaylit neɣ tamaziɣt, ilaq ad ten-ḥemmel am tmazirt; dinna imiren ad teffuktuy, ad tettnernay, ad teǧǧuǧǧug alamma tif lmelk n widak is-yebɣan lmut, is-yebɣan nneger. Tagara.
*Expression:
(01) qqen tiṭṭ-ik kan tewḍeḍ. Neqqar diɣen: nnig lkanun.
(02) « Anida tella tutlayt, tella tagruma » (il y a nation, là où il y a langue).
*Tamuɣli-w.
Dagi d tadyant kan i d-wwiɣ akken iqbayliyen d teqbayliyi d imaziɣen sumata ad akwin si meɣrud i ten-yebla. Ilaq-asen ad d-llin allen-nsen mar ur bɣan ara ad tenger tutlayt-nsen. Ma tenger tutlayt taqbaylit, ad negren iqbayliyen d teqbayliyin. Inna yiwen umusnaw amedya yagi isɛan lmaɛana meqqren, inna : » Anida tella tutlayt, tella tagruma »*. Greɣ tamawt iseggasen agi ineggur, tiwaculin tiqbayliyin yettidiren di tmanaɣt n Lzayer, stehzayen seg uselmed n tutlayt nsen taqbaylit i tarwa-nsen. Di l’Europe, daɣen, akka i sen-teḍra, ur ttakken ara azal i tutlayt n tyemmatin-nsen. Lexsas agi yekkad deg tyemmatin tiqbayliyin tazwara, imi ɣur-sen am akken taqbaylit ur tesɛa yara azal akken ad lemden warraw-nsen. Tagi d tawaɣit tameqrant, acku ma nekwni nestehsa deg tutlayt nneɣ, anwa ara s-igen leqrar ? D nekwni-kan, acku d tutlayt d imawlan-is ara tt-irefden, ara tt-yarun, ara tt-iḥerzen, ara tt-iddifandin mgal icenga insen, yernu icenga n teqbaylit, cuḥa itt-yewten, llan ula deg tarwa-s. Ad d-issaki kra widak mazal tessegniten tasnakta n taɛrabt-tineslemt n usekkak !
Hand Berkouk


text:
Awerǧeǧǧi
warẓigen neɣ Awerǧeǧǧi (Assaɣ ussnan: Cicadidae) d tawacult n ibureɣsen yettsuɣun deg unebdu. Yemgarad wamek i s-qqaren s Teqbaylit.
Aburɣes-a yettidir deg yal tama d twennaṭ n umadal anagar tamiwin n tizgelt tagafant d Antraktika. Maca yettili s tuget deg tamiwin tiɣurarin am tniriwin. Warẓigen yebṭa ɣer snat n telmas s unect n wallus n tudert-is, warẓigen amseggas i yettidiren gar n sin alamma d 5 n iseggasen ma d talmest tis snat d warẓigen anallus yettidiren gar n 13 alamma d 17 n iseggasen, dɣa talmest-a tettidir tuget n tudert-is s ddaw n wakal alamma tewweṭ 13 neɣ 17 n iseggasen deg waddar-is (lɛemṛ-is) anda i d-tteffɣen ɣef yiwet n tikkelt yirna s waṭas. Ayyen yettaken tagʷnit i yiɣersiwen niden i wakken ad ččen deg-sent
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Warẓigen d aburɣes alemmas n ubleɣ, ila ger n 2 alamma 5 cm, Tafekka-ines d tazurant yerna teččur d anẓaden. Akken ila 4 n wafriwen, sin deg-sen meqqer-it (d wid n ufella) ma d sin niden meẓẓiy-it (wid n wadda). Afriwen-is d ifrawanen ayen yettaǧǧan iẓuran-nsen ad binen
Amyaraw[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tawtemt n warẓigen tettarew timellalin-is deg yimɣan akk d yifurkawen yekkawen neɣ yeqquren. Tezmer ad tessers ger n 200 alamma 300 n tmellalin deg yiwet n tikkelt. Timellalin-a ttefrurxent-d ger n wayyur n Ctember d Tuber, mi ara d-taweḍ tsemhuyt n umwan . Akken kan ara d-tefrurex twekka n uwerǧeǧǧi, ad tekcem ɣer wakal w ad teffer din. Tawekka ayi tezmer ad tidir alamma d 4 n yiseggasen ddaw wakal
Imesli[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tasensartut[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Warẓigen deg yidles[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Warẓigen iban-ed daɣen deg kra n tmucuha. Amedya, amauru arumi La Fontaine yessker-d yiwet n ungal ɣef uwerǧeǧǧi akk d tweṭṭuft. Deg ungal-a, awerǧeǧǧi yeqqim icennu s teɣzi n unebdu, deg wakud anda taweṭṭuft tqeddec i wakken ad teg tamaguzt (lɛewla) i tegrest. Ungal-a yettwassen deg Tmaziɣt. Deg tmurt n Yiqbayliyen.


text:
Le Rifain
Aṭṭas n sḥab lxarij i yexsen a dd-adfen ɣer Lmeɣrib kɛan x lḥukuma awarn i umi x-asen tbezzez a dd-qessen di ca n ccarikat waha, tinneɣni lla. d manaya i yejjin ccarikat-a ad ggent min x-asent.
Ɛlaḥsab min dd-yusin di Nadorcity, tiweḍ tewriqt di ṭṭeyyara twaḥit d tdewla ɣer Ṭanja, al melyun franek, tawriqt n uɣerrabu zi Sit niɣ zi Jinuwa tiweḍ al 9500 dh s ṭṭumubin, bla lexlas n ttist n kuruna i ittenqaman s 1500 dh.
S uya, sḥab lxarij i yexsen a dd-adfen ɣer tmurt-nsen, ttettren ḥuma ad yili yijj n uɛebbeẓ x ayt bab n ccarikat-a ḥuma ad ggen ijj n ttaman d asebḥan i tewriqin.


text:
ddukkelVB [ddukkel]
aller ensemble; (s') accompagner; être uni; s’unir
Flexions ddukkelddukkul tettdukkulemt yettdukkul ttdukkul ddukkulent teddukklemt teddukkul yeddukkel ddukkulemt ttdukkulent tettdukkul ttdukkulemt iddukkulen ddukklent teddukkulem teddukkel teddukkuleḍ ddukklemt ittdukkulen tettdukkulem tettdukkuleḍ iddukklen ddukkulen teddukklem iddukkul teddukkleḍ ddukkulet ttdukkulen ittdukkul ttdukkulet yeddukkulen ddukklen neddukkul iddukkel ddukkuleɣ ddukklet yettdukkulen nettdukkul ttdukkuleɣ ddukkel yeddukklen teddukkulemt neddukkel yeddukkul ddukkleɣ
Sources ddukkel
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982


text:
Amaḍan
Finus nɣ Amaḍan () iga yan umtiwg. Waxxa amaḍan illa s usuds anck n wakal d dar s zund tanɣa tag°nsant nns ula nttat, macc tasna nns takswarant d unzwi nns irɣan bahra ur at ittajja ad ig amtiwg iɣ tlla tudrt zund amtiwg nnɣ.
Asamu[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Awum aknunnay: 12 104 akilumitr.
- Abddur: 4,9 × 10²⁴ akilugram.
- Astum f tfukt: 108 agndid akilumitr.
- Azmz n wannaḍ: 243 n wass.
- Azmz n uḥbu anafuk: 225 n wass.
- Aẓẓug n tsna: 8,9 M/S².
- Tirɣi n tsna: 462 °C.
Tigniwt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Imdla imnẓinen zzɣ usmim n wawḍis d ukḍṛuṛ ar isiwrray tugtt n tifawt n tfukt s umɣrad, ɣ tizi iɣ a nttafa asinuksid uẓuẓim ar iskurmt tirɣi, amma adad n unzwi ɣ tsna n umaḍan iga anuḍu nns ɣ wakal nnɣ s 92 n tkklit.
Tamdayt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Amtiwg n umaḍan iga yan zzɣ tifggatin immu iggut usmrqqi nns ɣ ignna n ḍyyḍ dar nɣ, d ar ittnunnt s unuɣ n itri n tdgg°at nɣd win zikk.
Tanɣa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ɣila d, dar nɣ kra n tnmmalin drusnin t f tnɣa n umtiwg n umaḍan, macc aksay nns d tuqqna nns irwasn tin akal ar tssrus taswingmt n mas ṭṭafn tanɣa tag°nsant immrwasn, d umzaray amqqran n gr atsn iga t mas ur iṭṭaf umaḍan tifilt tatiktunit, tasna d tduli tzwa, d maya d ar ittawi s ussdrus ɣ ujjlu n tirɣi ɣ umtiwg. d ar fllas issg°dal asiṣmiḍ d uggra n ussfru mas ur iṭṭaf igr amɣnaḍisan, ɣ udɣar n mayan iẓḍaṛ umaḍan a issjlu tirɣi ns tag°nsant ɣ imsarn izmzanen igjdanen n usmaynu n tsna.


text:
Chacha, ammu i das-itteɛjib ad as-laɣan inni t-issnen. Iẓra tfawt n tudert deg wass n 15 n tɣuct 1955 di teqbilt n Ikebdanen, deg ubilaj n Qabuyawa. Immut deg wass n 29 yunyu zeg useggas n 2016 deg Wamesterdam. Netta d amari, d azlawi, d artista. Igga tizemmar-nnes s Tmaziɣt.
Di temẓi n Chacha isseɛda-tt zzat i lebḥer acemlal. Am netta am wi yellan-nnes, ixdem d abeḥri, jar ibeḥriyen i yerẓem tiṭṭawin-nnes. Akid-sen i yedder, x-asen i yessiwel, isɣuyy. D netta d ameẓẓyan ttuɣa issen ila tamurt mani ittɛic wer dag-s telli rriḥet n tdimukraṭit d uweqqer n tseqqar n yewdan. Yettwaṭṭef Chacha zegga icrec deg ijjen tecli ggin-tt imeḥḍaren, yeqqar netta x manaya : « Qabuyawa degs- i dayi-iwqeɛ listiḍam amezwaru aked lmexzen. Deg-s i dayi-ddzen Jadarmyya mliḥ lexdenni sseɛdun-yyi i lmxaznyya bac ad yyi-seffan. Ggin-yyi aɛmud n pilikulat n Westren awerni manayenni neḍren-yyi di texxamt. »
Cḥal din ɣa tekked ? xemsa iseggusa waha
Awern-i manaya, ifekker mliḥ ila netta wer izemmer ad yedder di tmurt-a. Netta yeqqar « tteɛqaleɣ qbel ma ad dd-ffɣeɣ ttuɣa qqimeɣ x ij n weẓru, xezzreɣ di lebḥar, tenna-ayi yemma : -lexxu ad din traḥed [ɣer Hulanda], cḥal i din ɣa tekked ?[nec ttuɣa ssneɣ ila ɛemmers ad dd-dewleɣ]. Nniɣ-as: walu qqaɛ ij n xemsnin, tenna-ayi : bezzaf, nniɣ-as : qa ggiɣ xemsa iseggusa deg uzellif, maca zi ssa d usawen wer ssineɣ min ɣa iweqɛen ».
Deg useggas n 1977, wami ttuɣa yeɛlem yalleh tnayen uɛecrin iseggusa, ad dd-issers ḍar-nnes di tmura n Hulanḍa. Aked twasit-nnes da, d netta ibda ixeddem aked tmesmunin tiẓelmaḍin tiradikaliyin i ttuɣa yellant kunṭra i usistim ameɣrabi di lweqt-nni, ameknaw « ɣer zzat » d icten nneɣni n ixeddamen qqaren-as « KMAN ». Imeggura-ya wer kid-sen iqqim ca minzi ttuɣa wer kid-sen i dd-ittis ca di min iqqnen ɣer tedyulujit. Maca waxxa amenni Chacha iqqim ittbedda aked tseqqar n yiwdan mani llan deg umaḍal. Yeqqar netta x manaya « Ddalil x manaya aqa-yi ɛuḍew (d agmam) ittnehzza aṭṭaṣ di Amnesty International, xeddmeɣ bezzaf x Tefrikt n ẓelmeḍ, besseḥ sɣuyyuɣ ula x mayen yeqqimen deg umaḍal amen yekmel. »
Asrusi n ddsas n umussu n Tmaziɣt
Deg iseggusa 80 zi lqern i yeɛdan wami ɣa imsagar aked waṭṭas n artistat i dd-yusin zi Arrif d imariten nniḍen. Wwḍen ad ssersen ddsas i umussu n Tmaziɣt di Hulanḍa. Manaya ɣa yejjen Chacha, ad ifekker ad ibeddel abrid n tira-nnes i di ikumasa s Teɛrabt ɣer Tmaziɣt, ar mani i iwweḍ ad igg tasentut n Iẓuran, dag-s ittwafsren ca n idlisen imezwura yuran s Tmaziɣt n Arrif.
Am tira-nnes, am iɣennijen-nnes, ssawalen x yenni ittwaḥgren, x temɣarin, d lḥeqq mani mma yella. Chacha, deg ij n lweqt zi tudert-nnes irra taynit i umezgun, ibda iqqar-it, icerc di ca n imursuten n umezgun. Mamec icerc deg waṭṭas n igrawen, d ijemmuɛen maci ɣir di Hulanda waha, maca deg Uruppa amen tekmel. Nessen Chacha, ittsuḍ di temja, iccat di lɛud, ittɣennej izlan, igga iprugramen n arradyu, igga iprugramen ula i Amazigh tv. Iprugramen-nnes i dd-yexdem, ssawalen x tẓuri, x seyyasa d tussna.
Awerni 22 iseggusa, tadewla ɣer Arrif
Deg useggas n 1999 ad dd-yeɛqeb ɣer Arrif, zegga isseɛda 22 iseggusa di Hulanda. Γer umezwaru-nni ttuɣa yumen ila izemmer Lmeɣrib ad ibeddel ɣer tdimukratit, maca ɣer umeggaru yufa amjar d amjar waha, ɣir beddlen fus.
Deg wass wami yenɣa ij n Urifi qqaren-as Muḥemmed Buyiri, amessufeɣ ahulandi Theo Van gogh Chacha xenni i ɣa yadef ad igg aparasyu x tarut-nnes zegga yufa ijjen iwwec-as tenni-nnes. Awern-as ucin-as ad yedder tmenya iseggusa, maca netta idder tenɛac iseggusa. Ittsemma rebɛ snin d zziyada.
Chacha d Arrif
Amek nessen Chacha d ij n uterras i yebdan di aẓelmaḍ. Senni ttuɣa-t zi midden imezwura i ibedden aked tseqqar n Tmaziɣt, x manaya ttuɣa-t d ameɣnas n Tmaziɣt. Di ɛecra n iseggusa tameggarut zi tudert-nnes, Chacha idwel d ajumhuri, maca qbel nnes ila ittetter Arrif a ɣer-s yili uṭunumi-nnes. Zeg iwdan i isnyan x ulaɣi-nni i yettettren uṭunumi i Arrif.
Chacha d tira
Chacha, zegga wami i dd-yusa ɣer Hulanda, iksi stilu-nnes ibda ittari, idlisen s Teɛrabt :
- Lmeɣrib Ljadid (Lmɣrib n jjdid) « tiqessisin » 1979.
- Qasaid Al Fuqaraa (Tiqessisin n imeẓlaḍ) « tiqessisin » 1985.
- Ayna Al Amal (mani yella usitem) « tiqessisin » 198 ?
- Kalimaat Mutamarrida (iwalen d iɣewwaɣen) « tiqessisin » 199 ?
Mamec din idlisen nniḍen i yura s Tmaziɣt :
- Laẓ, tuɛɛaryent, d tarewla zeg yiṭan 1995, Tiqessisin.
- Reẓ ṭṭabu ad d teffeɣ tfukt 1997, Ungal.
- Ajḍiḍ umi yettwagg celwaw 1998, tinfas.
- Cway zi tibbuherlya ɛad war twiḍ, 1999, tinfas.
- Abrid ɣer yezlan 2000, tiɣuri x yezlan.
- Tuf teqqen 2015, ungal.
- Tarwa n umaḍal 2015, tiqessisin.
- Aṛaji 2016, tiqessisin.
- Tayri n tayri 2016, ungal.
- Hdem bna 2016, ungal. (wer ittwafsar)
Γer ɛawed : Amaswal : Muḥemmed Caca ; Izlan n yiḍ-a di Arif merra mserwasen.
Isedwal: Amazigh Informatie Centrum


text:
D iseggasen-aya, amḍan n yiqjan imenṭaren yettnernay war aneḥbus deg temdint n Uwqas, ineggura-ya ttdewwiren d tirebbaɛ; ttawḍen arma d talemmast n tɣiwant s tlelli tameqqrant, aya yesnerna deg umihi, yesnerna deg teggdi ɣef tdawsa n tmetti.
Deg yiḍ, ttnekkaren yimenɣiyen gar-asen d yiqjan yettwarebban, aya yetteg-d wahriḥu meqqren, yettenǧaɛen imuḍan, imɣaren, leṭwafen ur ten-ttaǧǧan ara ad gnen. Ɣef waya, d lwajeb ɣef ssrades terza temsalt ad ḥebsen ugur-a, ad wellhen imdanen ur ttaǧǧan ara iqjan-nsen ad ttmenṭaren deg yiberdan.
Tirebbaɛ-a n yiqjan yettdakkalen deg wacḥal yid-sen, zemrent ad d-ǧǧent tixazabiyin ẓẓayen ɣef win iteddun deg temdint; ladɣa arrac n yiɣerbazen i yettaɣen yal tikkelt abrid iɣef ttɛeddayen yiqjan-a i yettawin ttarran gar yizebbalen d tlemmast n temdint, i izemen ad d-iglu ula s waṭṭanen xersum deg tallit-a n uzɣal.
Deg tallit-a i iwulmen i yimikruben yemgaraden am tussḍa (la rage). ɣef waya, ilaq ad ttwanɣen send ad d-teḍru kra n lmerta.


text:
Ijider
Ijider neɣ Igider (Asget: ijudar, igudar) d tawsit n iylalen isekliwen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n iberniyen, dges ugar n 60 n telmas amur ameqran deg-sent ttidiren-t deg Tefrikt d Asya d Uruppa akken i llan-t snat n telmas yettidiren deg Temrikt n ugafa (taɣcuyt d ijider awraɣ) d 9 n telmas deg Temrikt talemmast d wneẓul, d 3 g Ustralya d waṭas n iden deg Filippin
Talɣa n tfekkaẒreg
Ijudar d iylalen isekliwen yuddsen (igedren) s waṭas, Aqerru-ynes d uqamum-is meqqr-it, Afriwen-is ɣezzif-it tezmer ad tefferfer yisen
Tbennu isekliwen-is deg isekla yeflalen neɣ deg yirawen n idurar, Azal ameqran n telmas n ijider ssrusayen-t snat n tmellalin deg yal tikkelt, Mara ad frurxen yiwen n wefrux iteɣɣ gmas ameẓyan


text:
Ass n yiḍennaḍ 08 zi Ktuber, teḥkem lmeḥkama n Lḥusima x umeɣnas n lḥirak n Arrif Jamal Muna. S ca n temmen chur n leḥbes teqqen. Manaya minzi netta iksi bnadu n Arrif deg ijjen tmeskant di Tmasint. Amek nessen ila Jamal Muna, izwar-as isseɛda leḥbes di Kaza aked tseḍma n Naser Zzefzafi .
Aṭṭas n yiwdan wer dasen-iɛjib lḥal x lḥukem-a n lmeḥkama tamenzut. Ttwalan-tt ila iqseḥ aṭṭas. Minzi qqaren ila qa bandu n Arrif netta d ijjen ḥajet zi tungimet-nneɣ, wer telli bu ca n lḥajet d taeeffant. Zeg ijjen uɣezdis nniḍen, lmeḥkama n Lḥusima teḥkem ula x Nabil Amezgidaw s rebɛ chur n leḥbes. Zeɛma umi iysi ca n cciɛarat n lḥirakat zzat i taddart-nnes. Ula Nabil ila la netta d isseɛda leḥbes qbel x lḥirak n Arrif.


text:
Said Sifaw el Mehroug
S twisi n tmesmunt Sifaw
Ikcem s tmesmunt n imaraten n Libya af ad isagw iswingimen. Mekli dagh issenti tawuri n usiggel d usmun n taysi s wawal amazigh, zun d umiyen, tinfas. Ar ittara s wawal ad lli tra tnebâdt ad t tsfêd. Mkan af d fellas ildi iriyen n tnebâdt. Lligh t zziwzen kigan gh tmeddurt nnes, senmalan yat laksîda. Iflen gis tadusi nnes, izzri ayellid igguran gh tudert ger tmmara n ukucem d tmmara n tmukrisin tideblanin. Dârt iseggwasen n tmmara d igzâzen, immut gh yat laklinik gh Tunes gh useggwas n 1994.
Urta yegi Sifaw amusnaw iddren timukrisin n tmurt nnes, yega zwar amedyaz. Ar ittara s teàrabt, acku s wawal ad ka as izdâr ad yara gh Libya, ar ittara s tmazight, mac ur djun d isffugh yat gh umarg ad. Sit ad rad izri imik gh tyaffut ad ur ittuyassanen n Sifaw.
Sifaw ar bedda ittini mas d tirra n umarg tega abekkâd gh Libya, mqqar d mayan, ira ad isker abekkâd ad. Ira ad t yarem. Mkan af yeg umarg nnes yat tugga n mekli s ur nezdâr ad nara amarg gh tmazirt ad :
Urta yegi Sifaw amusnaw iddren timukrisin n tmurt nnes, yega zwar amedyaz. Ar ittara s teàrabt, acku s wawal ad ka as izdâr ad yara gh Libya, ar ittara s tmazight, mac ur djun d isffugh yat gh umarg ad. Sit ad rad izri imik gh tyaffut ad ur ittuyassanen n Sifaw.
Sifaw ar bedda ittini mas d tirra n umarg tega abekkâd gh Libya, mqqar d mayan, ira ad isker abekkâd ad. Ira ad t yarem. Mkan af yeg umarg nnes yat tugga n mekli s ur nezdâr ad nara amarg gh tmazirt ad :
Gh tilawt ad iqjren, ar sul ittwarga ad dagh isker amadâl, ad yals i ili d tmegna, yara :
Nger akw ayelli yara, ur d isfagh gh tudert amer yat tadla n tenfas lli irur s teàrabt (igerdân n tuzzûmt n yîd), negh yat tadla n umarg s teàrabt (timedyazin ifesten). Arraten yâden sul ghaman d ar imedukkal nnes, zun d idêrsien n tenfas s tenfusit lli irur s tmazight, timdyazin yâden, d yat tejrrumt n tenfusit.


text:
Hulukust
Hulukust (s telmaneyt: Der Holocaust) (seg tegrikt: ὁλόkauσtoς holókaustos,/ anda hólos anamek-is: yakk, kaustós anamek-is: rɣan) akken yettwassen daɣen s Šuah (si thibṛut: השואה, anamek-is: arwas) d tanɣaɣreft i d-yellan deg umsenɣi amaḍlan wis II tegla-d s tmenɣiwt n wazal n 6 n imelyan n wudayen n Uruppa sɣur Lalman tanazeyt d temsisiyin-is (timura n ugellus). Kra n yinmezruyen sseqdacen tabadut n Hulukust i wakken ad yegber ula d 5 n yimelyan niḍen n yimdanen ur nelli ara seg wudayen, yettwanɣen daɣen s yifassen n Yinaziyen i wakken ad yuɣal umiḍan ummid n teɣtas azal n 11 n imelyan n yimdanen.[1] Tamhalt n tenɣi tella-d deg yakk ideggan n Lalman tanazeyt d tamiwin i d-tehres di Uṛuppa.[2]
Anhil anazey d yimalalen-is gubṛen-d udayen, yerna nɣan-ten s tarrayt di tallit n umsenɣi amaḍlan wis II i d-yellan gar n 1941 d 1945, seg yiwet gar tenɣaɣrfin meqren yakk deg umezruy alsan. Asenter (aḥqar) d tmenɣiwt n wudayen yella d amur seg waṭas n usenter d tmenɣiwt s tarrayt i yexdem unagraw Hitler d imalalen-is mgal n waṭas n tegrawin tisertanin d kra n yiɣerfan aladɣa iziganen iṛumen d yikdawen (imeɛḍar) d inmeglayen isertanen d waṭas niḍen.
Tazwara[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Aɣawas n Madagaskar[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Allalen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tikurmiwin tigrawanin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ Richard John Evans (July 9, 2015). The Anatomy of Hell, The New York Review of Books Archived 2015-09-19 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Niewyk, Donald L. and Nicosia, Francis R. The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, Columbia University Press, 2000, pp. 45-52. Archived 2017-09-07 at the Wayback Machine


text:
Mejjir
Mejjir (Assaɣ usnan: Malva) d tawsit tamɣawt yeṭṭafaren tawacult timejjirt deg tfesna n tmejjirin, Mejjir d imɣi amseggas, addud-is yettawaṭ alamma d 1 m, Dey yixef-is yetteflali-d ujeǧǧig d azwawaɣ igber seg 5 n yiferran deg tlemmast-is ttefɣen-d yifsan.
Ideggan n wemɣay[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Mejjir d imɣi yettilin deg Urupa d Asya d Tafriqt ugafa.
tilmas n Mejjir[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Mejjir yigran — ( Malva sylvestris)
- Mejjir aseklaw — (Malva arborea)
- Mejjir n miẓra — (Malva aegyptia)
- Mejjir aksas — (Malva verticillata)
Tiwlafin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Isseqdac[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Kra n telmas n mejjir d tid yettusmersen i wssuji n wazzugen


text:
Vendredi 28 mai 2021
Tidak n Da Lḥusin
Da Lḥusin yessea tahanuţ di taddart, yaewat yiwen uɣarda, yefka-yas axeṣṣaṛ. Tipakiyin n ligaṭu, mi yeseffsed yiwet, ad inneggez ar tayeḍ. Da Lḥusin yeţţmeslay waḥdes weḥdes, yeqqaṛ-as :
– Muqel tura i wemumad afuḥan! Limmer meqaṛ i teţ yiwet n t-pakkiţ ar ţ-ifak! Umaena neţa i teddu-yi di neqqwma, a d-ineqev yiwet a d-inneggez ar tayeḍ!
Aɣarda amcum yuɣal yečča-yas ula d kaṛni andda yeţţmaṛk-ay akkriddi.
Da Lḥusin yekkufar! Deg-wass n suq iṛuḥ yuɣ-ed lmenddif (piège à rats), iḍeggaṛ ar daxel-is kra n tligaṭutin i wakken a tisellqqweḍ, yenna-yas :
– A k-id izenz Ṛebbi deg iḍ agi, azekka aţ waliḍ!
Azzekka-nni, mi yelli kan tabbwurt n tḥannuţ, yesla i weskarwec, yenna-yas :
– Ɛeslama-k a win fi ţnnaḍiɣ acḥal aya !
Yeddmed aɣarda-nni, yeṭṭf-it di tṣeṭṭa, yevda yeţţṭuṛṭur-it. Yekkat-it s yiwen ueekkaz ar teqqaṛuyt-is, yeqqaṛ-as :
– Akka a yiwen uffuḥan ! Ur testeqneeḍ ara s ligaṭu, tuɣaleḍ teččiḍ-iyi ula d akarni n wukriddi! Tura mebla eezzṛayen-ik ur temuteḍ, alamma teffkiḍ-iyi-d yakk ismawen n wid yesean a kriddi ar ɣuṛ-i!


text:
Deg wass n 30 Cutembar, ṭṭfen Yasin Mbarki. Aterras-a d ameɣnas n umssu Amaziɣ deg Icawiyen. Zegga i d-udfen ipulisen taddart-nnes, fettcen-as-tt, ssigg°den tamɣart-nnes d tarwa-nnes. Ipulisen umi iy udfen ɣer taddart-nnes, ufin ca n idlisen n ddin d iqdimen, d ijjen udlis n Lquran, temmekkes zzag-s ijjen tewriqt minzi d aqdim aṭṭas. Uca wcin-as ttuhmet n « alaɣi ɣer trakuct » (athéisme), aḥadi n ddin, aḥadi i tmunt n ucal n Ledzayer.
Lmexzen Adzayri, ayenni ig iwweḍ itteṭṭef deg imeɣnas d ijuranlisten. Ameggaru-nnsen d Xalid Tazaɣart i ttuɣa yellan d aberlamani. Mamec ṭṭfen ula d Xalid Drareni, ijjen d ajurnalist di Ledzayer. Ittban-d Lmexzen adzayri, ila irezzu ad issexsi tfuffut n lḥirak s minzi mma, waxxa s uḍufen n imeɣnas.


text:
Ijjen lmeḥkama di Lezzayer tiweḍ ad teḥkem x ujurnalist Adzayri Xalid Drareni s tnayen issgusa bellɛen. Zegga tuɣa x-as teḥkem di 10 zi ɣuct s tlata n iseggusa bellɛen. Akraf i das-ggin i Drareni yus-d umi t-ttahmen belli netta « itthudda x tamunt ucal n Lezzayer » d « ulaɣi ɣer tmeskanin wer ttwasellḥent ca ».
Drareni min ɣer tella 40 iseggusa. Tuɣa izwar-as ixdem i DzayerTv d mamec ixdem d areqqas n TV5 monde di Lezzayer. Ijjen ujurnalist d afrunkufun, leḥsab-nnes di twiter d facebook, ḍeffren-t abarru n yiwdan. Ttakk°aḍen iwdan i das-iggin abuni ɣer 147.900. Ɛawed tuɣa lebda yeḥḍar x ttelibizyu n TV5 monde ittic-d dag-s lexburat n lḥirak i yellan di Lezzayer. Xx manaya i zi ttuɣa ittmunistyar lmexzen n Lezzayer.
Ɣer ɛawed : Lezzayer: Xalid Drarni wtin-t s tlata n isegg°usa n lḥebs
Uma-s n Xalid, Cakid Drareni, yenna belli netta dag-s amnus n uma-s. Yenna : « Wer nessin man-t lḥal i di yella. Ɛemmers wer daneɣ-jjin ad as-negg ca n trezzift, ad t-nẓer mamek yella. Merra tutriwin-nneɣ ugin x-asent. Di cehrayen imezwura tuɣa wer yeɛdi rebɛa n ilaɣiten i daneɣ-d-ilaɣa ».
Ɣer ɛawed : Human Rights Watch: Lmuɣrib d Dzayer waxxa ttemseɛdawen maca « sessɣaḍen » ijurnalisten
Drareni maci d ca n ijjen i wer ssinen Izzayriyen. Aterras ɣer-s ca n xemẓṭac iseggusa n lxedmet aked arradyawat. Ssnen-t x webrid mayen tuɣa ifessar di jjurnalat. Maca zegga tuga irezzu Lgayed Saleḥ ad ineɣ lḥirak n Lezzayer di yunyu n 2019. Dewlen ipulisen ttmunistyaren-t netta minzi ittwaḥsab d ijjen zeg wudmawen n lḥirak illan di Lezzayer. Tuɣa xsen ad as-ggen takmamt maḥend wer issikk°iḍ mayen ittemsaren i umaḍal. Xalid Drareni ittɛawad x manaya mamec inna : « xsen ad jiyyfen kul imesli, ad qḍan x jjurnal animan. Rezzun ad jjen lḥirak d aweḥdani. I min iqqnen ɣer ijurnalisten, ixess uɣil ad nexzer mamec ɣa negg ad numn ».


text:
Dewlen-dd itran n sini d inni ittfabrikan ifilmawen zegga ttyarita ɣer tapi azeggaɣ deg ij n ficta wer terwis di tenniḍen. Alaḥsab lehlak n Kuruna, ḥuma ad ttwabḍant tisemɣurin n Wuskar waxxa Kuruna ɛad tella.
Amek i dd-smuttyen lexburat, yewwi-dd ufilem n « Nomadland » tasemɣurt n wuskar n ufilem i yifen. Akid-s tiwwi tamessufeɣt-nnes Chloé Zhao wuskar n temssufeɣt i yifen. Akid-sen tiwwi-dd Frances McDormand tasemɣurt n wuksar n tsegbart (actrice) i yifen, alaḥsab tiraret-nnes deg ufilem-a.
Asegbar yettwassnen Anthony Hopkins yewwi-d uskar x tiraret-nnes deg ufilem « The Father ». Mamec i d-iwwi Daniel Kaluuya tasemɣurt n wuskar n usegbar amawas i yifen x ufilem n « judas and the black messiah ».
Akid-s, yewwi-dd ufilem n « The Father » i yirar Anthnoy Hopkins d Olivia Colman, tasemɣurt n usinaryu i dd-immeksin. Mamec i d-yewwya umssufeɣ Adenmarki Thomas Vinterberg tasemɣurt n ufilem aberrani asebḥan alaḥsab afilem-nnes « Drunk ». Rni x-as tewwi-dd Yoon Yeo-jeong tasemɣurt n tsegbart tamawast di tiraret-nnes deg ufilem n « Minari ».
Ficta n wuskar teɛḍel ca n tnayen n wayyuren s lehlak n Kuruna, di ficta-ya tanita, inewjiwen ttuɣa mlagg°ajen jar-asen. Mamec ca zzag-sen ggin tikmamin, ggin tistat maḥend ad ḥḍan tizemmar n imeccarkuten. Ca zzag-sen, nnan aqqa manaya wer t-nnumen ca, maca waxxa amenni ɣer-sen mezri ad cerken .


text:
Dzayr (tamdint)
Tga Dzayr tamaẓunt (s tɛrabt: الجزائر العاصمة al-jaza'ir al-ɛaṣima) tamaẓunt n Dzayr tg tamdint nns akkʷ imqqurn ɣ wuṭṭun n imzdaɣ. Tucka d g tama n yill agrakal, tfka tmdint ism nns i twilayt nna mi tga ansa anssixf. Tamyunt taɣrmant n Dzayr gis 2 481 788 n imzdaɣ s uynna d yiwi umaris amuran n tsiḍan adzayri ɣ unck n ussiḍn amggaru n 2008. S 4,4 n imlyunen s uynna d yiwi umawsas n iskkinn izaɣrann afransis, d wattayn n 6 727 806 n imzdaɣ illan ɣ tmmgrawt ɣ 2010 s uḍfur n usmal n 100 n tmdinin akkʷ imqqurn ɣ umaḍal zɣ dar World Gazetteer d 7 796 923 n imzdaɣ g 2015 ɣ unck n population data, tga Dzayr tammgrawt tamzwarut ɣ Tmazɣa.
Amgrad ad iga amud, imẓẓiy ka sul. Aws i Wikipidya s usnfl nns, tssimɣurt t.


text:
Jar umnus n rehrac dayi d-iṭṭfen d uraji ɣar usafar. Jar umnus n reḥbes d tanbart mecḥar ɣa tewwec. Jar trelli war idjin d ineɣmisen n taddart i wer ttifeɣ. Ttafeɣ ixf-inu tettuɣ kurci rehhiɣ deg wawar d taḍsa d uxarreṣ. Ssidfen-d xaf-neɣ ibujadiyen nneɣni nedwer deg waṭṭas.
Kur ijjen mani ig issawar, ijjen iẓẓer ijjen iggur ij itaḍser ij ixezzar. Yin i d-yudfen d imaynuten marra sqaren xezzarn day-sen yin ead di idja uxeyyeq. Day-sen yinn igg°den. Marra xezzaren mamec iggur reḥbes axmi i d-uḍan zeg ujenna terqa-ten temmurt. Γari ij n udlis d ameẓẓyan, ucin-aɣ marra ijjen ijjen zzay-sen, qqaren-as (amanr n unḥbas) yura s waṭṭas n tutlayin zzay-sent Tmaziɣt. Day-s min ɣar-s ɣar unekraf d min xaf-s. Qqareɣ day-s maca izerf-nni day-s ttafeɣ ag mamec i nedja ttafeɣ din aṭṭaṣ n rag°aaj. Uca tsseqsan-ayi imeddukar xef min day-s yuran. Qqareɣ-asen-d min din jar ixarriqen ḍ usigwed d ifuray dasen-tteggan i izerfan n ufgan d tburejwin ittejjen ad zzay-sent ttadfen imessegguren.
Nec sneɣ illa yinni marra ḍ iceṭṭiḥen, maca xseɣ aḍ ɣareɣ ḥend aḍ nɣeɣ akud. Ɛawed teejb-ayi Tmaziɣt-nni i yuran s tfinaɣ waxxa day-s aṭṭas n wawaren zi Teerabt. Yinn issnen ad ɣaren marra qqaren aɣezdis yuran s Teerabt. Illa Sifaw yufa day-s Tafransist d ten ig idjan d tutlayt nnes. Iqqar arami iwweḍ ca n wawal war das-iejib uca iwta adlis-nni aked tmurt. Marra xzaren ɣar-s netta iḥḥenkar uca isseɣḍ cwayt igga ijt n tdaḥḥact d tameqqrant. Inna weḥd-s: « Yawem lqiyyama ad xaf-wem deḥceɣ mliiiḥ a lkuffar ».
Teeḍa tmeddit-nni nebda nttessu i yin imaynuten. Ijjen zzay-sen qqaren-as « Baɣus » inna-aneɣ nec ssut-ayi swadday i ca n qama. War zemmareɣ ad ṭṭseɣ amya waha gg°deɣ zi bu ueecmer-in. Marra deḥcen xaf-s uca netta ixes ad iru am ca n uḥenjir d amezzyan netta ɣar-s ktar zi 42 n isegwusa. Itarjiji, izeeeef fus-nnes iqqar: « A yemma min day d-iwwin da ». Ɣar-s awar d Awaryiɣer. Nessarḥat negga-as rxaḍar, nniɣ-as: « Aqa cek akidi war xaf-k ittekk illa min xaf-i ɣa ikken iwa iri d aryaz ». Negga-as raq swadday ij n qama. Maca Sifaw ixezzar day-s s uɣezdis waxxa war issiwir maca tiṭṭawin-nnes qqarent kurci.
Sifaw war issiwir ca aked marra yin din. Ixezzar yin das-inna rxaḍar-nnes waha zzay-sen nec. Maca din yin i zi ittagwed xmi ten-ittwara ssawaren aṭṭaṣ. Neṭṭes tameddit- nni, mana iḍeṣ-a jar ujuxaret d uzunfaret n tidi ḍ uwejjeq n qamat d reḥmu. Mliḥ ysiɣ kidi leebaya teṭṭseɣ day-s d tenni d dduri-inu. Ijt n rkaccet ssuɣ-tt xef qama n wuzzar. Ijt nneɣni ḍefṣeɣ-tt ggiɣ-tt d tsummet leebaya d dduri wami sabana ttagin xaf-s. Zeema qa ttjeyyafen day-sent ixef-nsen, aked tarayet n refjar itteqqes cwayt n uṣemmiḍ. Maca mamec ɣa tegged ad teddred s rkacet-nni qa turṣuḍ tɣum triḥ. Ɛawed day-s ixecciwen n taḍuft tmekkasen-d weḥḥed-sen. Xmi i d-tnekkareɣ zeg-iḍeṣ ttafeɣ azedjif-inu iccur s ixecciwen qqaren-asen vidunṣi ḍi reḥbes. Xef manaya wen ɣa yawḍen ad yadef ɣar reḥbes n Lmaruk. Ad iysi tineacin n leebaya d tassut- nnes akid-s mara d tajrest ktar.


text:
Imken lux aqqa tettseqsid, teqqared-as min ixes ad yini asinyi x ijjen umestfaq d jjdid di cop26 ittwaggen di Glasgaw di beddu n wayur-a wa. Danita i iggur a nemmel mamec yeggur amestfaq-nni ad ibeddel zi tudert-nnec/m zi ssa d usawen.
Abdeddel di tebridt i zi neggur
D amezwaru ataf iggur a nesxeddam ḥa ṭṭumubinat n ttrisinti waha, d wa zeg ibeddilen i ɣa yuqɛen di tudert-nneɣ.
Imrezzuten qqaren ila ttaman i ɣa teswa ṭṭumubin n ttrisinti d wenni d ttaman s ixef-nnes i tsekk°a ijj n ṭṭumubin txeddem s lisans niɣ s maẓuṭ di xemsa iseggusa i d-igguren.
Nzemmer a necra ijjen ṭṭumubin n tfawt, qa din ijjen ssuq ḥa min ittraḥ ittmernay n ṭṭumubinat ittwasxedmen, zemmrent ad ilint rexsent kṭer.
Aṭṭas n tmura d temnaḍin d fabrikat n ṭṭumubinat renyent deg usexdem n ṭṭumubinat n tfawt, ad d-awyent lkiran d ikamyuten d jjdid i wer issufuɣen ca ddxaxen.
Ca zzag-sen, ssawalen x manaya, qqaren qa neccin neḥwaj drus n ṭṭumubinat deg yebriden, nzemmer a nugur niɣ a nennay x backliṭat ḥsen qqaɛ.
Abeddel x umsedder aked twennaḍt
kṭer zi 40 n tmurt i isinyan bac ad kksen asexdem n lefḥem.
D tina d timura i yenna ɛawed ila iggur ad beddent x ijen yinirji d amezdag bac ad nessiḥma tudrin-nneɣ d ibiruten n lxedmet-nneɣ.
I ca n tmura ameknaw Tajelda Imunen (UK) manaya ixes ad yini d lxedmet bac ad tbedd x taliwin (sources) n yinirji n jjdid ameknaw « aḍu d tfukt », niɣ ad bedden x yinirji anawawi kṭer.
Maca COP26 wer dag-s bu ca n ḥajet i ɣa ijjen inni isxeddamen lefḥem aṭṭas ameknaw Lhend d Ccinwa ad kksen x usexdem-nnes.
Waxxa amenni din ij n ustiem iffeɣ-d zi Glasgaw, ataɣ timura ad ssersent ttmenyat-nnsent deg yinirji amezdag.
Tudrin-nneɣ ad dewlent d timeddukal n twennaḍt
Zemmrent tifelwin n tfukt ad ilint lebda x tzeɣwin n tudrin-nneɣ.
Mamec i ɣa nebna tudrin s ca n tmeslayin bla ttsimma, wer dag-sent bu akarbun aṭṭas. Mamec ataf nzemmer a nedwel a neɛdel tudrin-nneɣ tiqdimin.
Lux midden xeddmen bac ad xezren mamec abeddel n uklima i d-igguren wer ittḍerri ca aṭṭas n midden.
Nzemmer a nessemɣer zeg isayraren izegzawen (espaces) di tudrin-nneɣ, bac ad ẓemment anẓar i ɣa iwten s waṭṭas, mamec ɣa nrekkeb « tizeɣwin d tisemmaḍin » i ɣa ibedden deg wudem n tfuyin niɣ tiburjatin qesḥent zzat i yessmiḍen i ɣa yilin.
Isayraren iriwin i tuzzegzewt
Di cop 26 ila ssawalen x mamec zemmren ad dd-rren i twennaḍt d tuzzegzewt amkan-nnes bac ad tbedd deg wudem n ubeddel n ukilma. Ataf nzemmer a nẓer lfaydet n isayraren-a izegzawen deg ibilajen-nneɣ d ledcur-nneɣ.
Emily i yellan d taselmadt di tesdawit n Cambridge teqqar « Agama (nature) izemmer a daneɣ-iɛawen mala nemsurruf akid-s s uweqqer i istahell ».
Mamec imḍebbren qa tteggen tizemmar bac ad ḥḍan tawennaḍt d leɣwabi ad jjen agama ad ilellec kṭer.
Macca a tili teɣla kṭer
Imḍebbren ataf ad xedmen bac ad qeḍɛen aked tikkest n leɣwabi deg uɣezdis n yeffus zeg umaḍal, minzi timura n lɣabet tteẓẓunt dag-sent ca n tmeslayin i ttɣastaren midden deg iẓẓelmeḍ. Manaya imken ad ikkes aked macca irexsen.
100 n tmura sinyant bac ad beddent deg wudem n inni ittqessasen leɣwabi.
A nbeddel di tebridt n uxarres-nneɣ ?
Abeddel n uklima iggur ad ijj aṭṭas n midden ad beddlen di tebridt n mamec ttwalan tuzzegzewt. Mala yeɛda leḥmu 1.5 ataf manayenni izemmer ad igg ca n tmeslayin d tiɛeffanin wer nessin mani zemmrent ad awḍent qaɛ.
Maca mala nweqqer agama kṭer, ataf a ɣer-neɣ ilin izubaq d imezdag, wer dag-sent bu aṭṭas n ẓẓga.
Lux, amaḍal ittemkabar bac wer rennyen ca ca n igazen nniḍen deg ujenna, ittsemma ad kksen asufeɣ n ugaz.


text:
Taɣyult n mma Hniyya
– Ur ɣer-s ca azgen n usuggas mlileɣ d ca n wemɣaṛ seg Tkukt, deg tammansa i nettemwanas nejbed-d ddewwet n sertit baca ad ɣen-yebbi aherrar u ad d-yini eǧǧett-aneɣ seg herrar-aya xaṭeṛ seg-wa ad y-d-iɛawed wemɣaṛ baba taqṣidt n teɣyult n mma Hniyya ǧǧulleɣ ɣef lwens n tsertit, imer-idin nenna-s nečni taqṣidt-aya ur ɣen-ifat ca nesl-it, yesqaɛed-d iman-nes u yenna taqṣidt n teɣyult n mma Hniyya amma i teḍṛa :
– yella way yellan Ṛebba ad ɣen-yuc way yeḥlan, tella teɣyult n mma Hniyya fella-s tzeddem, tettagem, tetteǧǧu u fella-s i yetsewwaq Beqqus . Taɣyult n mma Hniyya tujer Beqqus tuser tumes u rnan-t yiɣsan-nes ttaxirt-aya . Ass n ssuq ɣef ufaw tesseker mma Hniyya Beqqus ad yejleb taɣyult u ad yerni fella-s ṛebɛa duṛu u ad d-yesɣ tajḥiḥt am-idin d taɣiɣayt s tezmert nes u ussan -ness gguren-d maci tṛuḥan .
Ɣef tnezzayt yudef Beqqus ssuq ur yefqid am-idin iduden seg naddam ḍuṛen-d fellas isemṣaṛen wa yettawi wa yettuɛa deg ssum mɣir irebbeḥ-it s ṛebɛa duṛu, ṛṛan taɣyult imer-din ɣer yiɣẓeṛ, slilen-as iɣsan, meswken-as tiɣmas, ḥeṛqsen-as u ḥesnen-as zaw twella d taqiyyaṛt u ssilint ɣer u ṭeḥṭaḥ n ssuq . ssi Beqqus yenneḍ yenneḍ deg ssuq mɣir iwared ad yages ma ad yaf ca n tejḥiḥt tetrag ɣef udem ad t-yessidef ɣef mma Hniyya, deg lɣiḍ n uxemmem u deg ugray i yegra tiṭṭ nes yezlem deg tlemmast n ssuq tajḥiḥt zzin d lqed ad tinid turi-t lɛuda n trikt maci d taɣyult n rrikal, ilayem Beqqus ajelluḥ-nes u yebhez ɣer ayt bab n tejḥiḥt yessili yessehwa id-sen rebḥen-as-t s tmenya duṛu tuḍi-d swa swa id n tkemmust i yekmes deg gedwar nes u deg uṛṛay i t-yeṛṛa yendeh yect seg semṣaṛen yenna-s :
– Ntta; leḥmaṛa lli beɛt-ha bac tecri hadi, ntaɛ men ?
Ur yefhim Beqqus deg-s walu, ibellem u yuɛa fella-s :
– Ah … ?
Yessiwel-d yect seg semṣaṛen s tcawit :
– Taɣyult i tezzenzed; u-t-yilan ?
Yenna-s :
– N mma Hniyya .
Yenna-s-d umezwaru
– Ki tṛewweḥ l ddaṛ gul l mmi Ḥniyya :”Mebyuɛa b ṛebɛa mecriyya b tmenya u hiyya hiyya …”
Iṛewweḥ Beqqus Tajḥiḥt u deg wared i werden ssaḥt tebhez s-dat-s tken ɣer wefrag weḥdes tsama lḥadeg tetṛaja ad tḍewwel, teẓṛi-t mma Hniyya tirar-as qli tesseqsa Beqqus ma yella ca n tɣawsa niɣ n teqṣidt i s-yeḍṛan deg ssuq u yestexwec seg-s, ixemmem ixemmem yessili yessehwa yuta deg ixef-nes ynna-s belli sseqsan-t isemṣaṛen n mumi taɣyult i yezzenz u seg-wa ad sen-yenna nnin-as “gul l mmi Hniyya : Mebyuɛa bṛebɛ mecriyya b tmenya u hiyya hiyya” tken mma Hniyya ɣer teɣyult nnes tqelleb-it tufi-t mebyuɛa b ṛebɛa mecriyya b tmenya n ṣṣeḥ, temmeḍṛan ɣer beqqus tenna-s : ufin-c ur tessined ca taɛṛabt kelḥen-c u rnin nnin-ak .
U imira baca ad nnini taqṣidt tuɣ lɣabt u nečni newwi ṣṣabt beṣṣeḥ ur cukkeɣ ca xaṭeṛ way ifehmen taqṣidt ad yessen belli asuggas-a maci d asuggas n tmegra u nɛil ca asekkaku ad d-yeggurn ma ad afen ca n ṣṣabt nniɣ ad tɛedda d luɣeṛt fella-sen ak-d d netni .
Muḥ-Terri


text:
Aman
Gan Waman ablulu akk iggutn ɣ iggi n Wakal. Dn 70% n wudn n wakal.
Aman ɣusnin, ur darsn taḍfi, tujjut, ula aklu. gan ɣ txssa n ufgan imqqurn 65 %, dar wazzan 75 %, dar ubijju n krad yirn 95 %. Gan iggi n wakal 70 % ilin gis 97 % n waman malḥnin d 3 % mmimnin. ɣ twuriwin n takrura ar nsawal f talɣa H2O macc ɣwid gan aman ɣusnin ur gisn kra tn issṛiẓn. Gin waman yat tɣawsa lli isfsayn kraygat anaw n lmedn niɣ aẓru. Mac aman lli nttafa ɣ iggi n wakal ur jju gin tanga iɣusn 100% illa bdda gis imik n zɣ tangiwin yaḍnin.
Aman n tiremtsnfl
Aman n tissisnfl
Aman n tissi gan aman ɣusnin, lli faɣn irkan. Gin i tissi d tiram nu afgan wala imuḍar.


text:
Di ca n imegraden-nnes i tura di tesɣunt « The Atlantic« , tessawal Olga Khazan x yexf-nnes umi i tegga ad tari adlis. Tewca awal i ca n imeddukkal-nnes di New York bac a t-idd-tessufeɣ di min yudsen. Tezluza taɛejjajt x utebheḍ d terjijat i tt-ileqfen ɣer umezwar, zi lexdenni, ttuɣa tettlaɣa x yemma-s, ca n twalatin tettru, ca n twalatin ɛawed tefreḥ. Tfekker bac ad tbeddel isem-nnes di twitter, tfekker ad temsawaḍ aked imeddukkal-nnes d iselmaden-nnes, a dasen-tini belli ttuɣaa tettbusar waha, maca tbeddel rray-nnes.
Tegga Olga ij n trezzut tulleɣ x tlata n ttiknitin n tira msebḍant, i ɣa taweḍ ad tessen belli tettas-dd akid-s ttiknikt taqdimt i ttuɣa tessexdam, uca tesɣa-dd aberru n stilawat d ilimaniyen weḥḥed-sen, zi ssenni ad taweḍ ɛawed ad tessen illa ittas-dd akid-s stilu i ttuɣa tessexdam, i ked ttuɣa tennum, i yellan d imsellek waha.
Teqqim-as ij n lḥajet waha: Tira.
Ari s deɣya-deɣya, ɛdel s cway-cway!
Ttuɣa ɛlayen yeffeɣ-as leɛqel i Olga Khazan, s uyenni, tixḍar bac ad tesseqsa inni ifehhmen deg wazzerg-a. Texs ad tessen mamec ɣa tegg ad tsala ij n lxedmet d tameqqrant deg yij n wakud i texs, bla ma ad traḥ ɣer wepsikyatr. Temsawaḍ aked Laura Vanderkam i dd-yessufɣen xarebbi n yedlisen. Tessufuɣ-dd adlis kul 18 n iyuren, niɣ kul ɛamayen. Maca ɛlayen merra idlisen-nnes, tettkemmal-iten di 6 n iyuren, awarn-as, tlehha aked weɛdal n min tura. Jer uy-a d uy-in, tettari, tettzemmam, tessawal, tettsafar, rni x-as; ɣer-s 4 n tarwa-nnes, 3, 6, 8 d 11 n iseggusa.
Tenna Laura aqa tuder i tettedder di taddart-nnes, tettɛawan-itt bac ad teqqim lebda tettari. Ɣer-s illa tarwa-nnes, tteḥdajan a dasen-tewc tiseɛɛatin-nsen.
Awal i teqqar i imariten: « Ari s deɣya, ɛdel s cway-cway ». Nettat tettari ij uɣezdis n wedlis kul ssimanet, tettari aṭṭas di letnayen d ttlata. Manaya yeqqar aqa tettari ca n rebɛalaf n tguriwin kul ass. Zi ssenni, tlehha larbeɛ d lexmis aked weɛdal. jjemɛa, tettejja-t i uɛawed n min tura, bac ad texzar ma tegga ca n ufayu, niɣ tettu ca n lḥajet, niɣ wer tiwiḍ ɣer mani texs ad taweḍ. Lmeftaḥ n manaya; ari ɣer umezwar mamec ma turid, zi ssenni, err taynit i min turid.
Mayemmi imariten wer ttkemmilen awal-nsen?
Teqqar Laura Vanderkam: « Xmi tettarid aṭṭas, tessned aqa min turid ɣer umezwar wer ittili ca d wenni. Aṭṭas i ɣa tarid, wer dd-itteffeɣ di nnusxet tameggarut n wedlis-nnec. Maca bac ad terred ij n lḥajet ɣer lḥajet nniḍen tif-itt, yehwen s waṭṭas x mala texsed ad terred min wer yellin ɣer yij n lḥajet tella. »
Tufa Olga Khazan aqa manaya yessehna-tt, tiwinas tiɛeffanin i tettwala di min tura, tessen ila tinni wer llint ca d adlis-nnes n tidet, d ij weḥḍiḍ waha, aḥenjir n tira-nnes wer dd-ittbin ar ɣa ɛdun lebɛaḍ n iyuren.
Min ixessen wer t-tetteg? Teqqar Laura: « wer ttraja ar ddqiqet taneggarut », xmi ɣa tsalid zik, ksi rraḥet-nnec zi lxedmet-nnec, ḥuma a ɣer-s tɛeqbed s yij n weswaḍ d amaynu.
Tseqsa Olga ijjen ɣer-s aked tepsikulujit di tesdawit n DePaul, qqaren-as Joseph R. Ferrari, yenna-s: « Wer tzemmred ad tesmuttyed timeslayin, Aṭṭas n yewdan tteɛgizen di ca n wakud, maca inni i itteɛgizen i lebda, aqqa-ten di 20% zeg yewdan merra. Abrid i ɣer-sen bac ad ffɣen zi mindi llan: ittxessa-ten ad ḍefren aḍbib ».
Wer tessin Olga ma ula d nettat zi 20% nni niɣ lla. Maca yeḍher illa ittxessa-tt ad tesmutti tarezzut x ddwa i tt-ɣa-yesgenfan zeg wesmutti, ad teɛgez x trezzut n ddwa n leɛgez.
S wawal-nnes aked Laura Vanderkman, tuka Olga aked yexf-nnes d tmiɣist, ɣer-s tizemmar. Zi ssenni, tira, wer das-ssufɣent ca leɛqel.
Tura-t: Asmaa Ɛasiri, d taturejmant n tasaɛudit, tettegg tadukturat deg wazzerg n uturjem.
Yesmezɣ-it: Ɛebdelwaḥed ḤENNU
Ɣer ɛawed: Arruḍ… Wi t-idd-isaqaren? Melmi? Mayemmi?


text:
Tiɣri n Yugurten
Di Rum tefɣe-d tiɣri D isuɣan ugellid Yugurten.
Asirem n yal Amaziɣ di yal amḍiq deg Timuzɣa ad fakent tlisa s-beden idabuyen imesbatliyen ger yegduden n tefriqt n ugafa, yiwen deg-neɣ ur yelli d ajenṭaḍ deg tfarka n yugurten, nebɣa n-sfeḍ tlisa, aneddu akken i teddu wezwu deg ugama s targa zeggaɣen arma d Siwa, acu tewwi-d fell-aɣ tamezwarut a n-ekes tilisa-agi deg allaɣ-neɣ acku d anekcum arumi iɣyebḍan am ibawen ɣef lluḥ, armi yuɣal umaziɣ iɣunza gma-s,d ayen i yeǧǧan wigi nig-neɣ ufan iman-nsen , tutlayt-neɣ tabaranit deg ilsawen n warraw-is, anda id nefruri ur tessinen imectaḥ n-bedel iles s win inekcamen, igduden n tefriqt ugafa uɣalen d icenga acku ttun d akken amezyuy izdiyaɣ s tɣarma tanumidit armi d ass-a. Iswi-neɣ tadukli , timenna-neɣ timuzɣa war tilisa, d asnarni n yidles-neɣ akk tutlay-neɣ. Aken i s-yenna Lwennas Maɛtub : "win i k-innan dacu i tafat, ina-s d iɣalen mara duklen". Asefru-agi tiɣri i yal Amaziɣ, tifrat-neɣ, tadukli, tagmat, aẓar-neɣ d yiwen, s yiwen imesli : "Timuzɣa war tilisa".
Di Rum tefɣe-d tiɣri. D isuɣan ugellid Yugurten. D asiwel i yal ilelli. Di Tmuzɣa n Yimaziɣen. D akud d atmaten anil-i. S duklen-neɣ tifinaɣ d idamen
Amaziɣ yellan d itfarka-s Akar d weglim d inigan Tuɣal tebḍan-tt tilas Nuɣal amzun d icengan Yal yiwen i tama-s Tiyita tuɣ iẓuran
Akal ɣef yemmut Yugurten Amaziɣ ad yidir deg iseɣ. Asirem-is tidukla iɣalen. Ddɣel deg ul ad yeffaɣ. Anerfed anay-neɣ Deg akkal n Numidya-neɣ
Asirem.neɣ meqqar ur nessin awzɣi. Anenaɣ ɣef aẓar. Deg tmurt ad yenarni. Ur iḥebes waḍar. Arma tewweḍ teɣri…….. N Yugurten.
Billal Dahmani


text:
sfegrurecVB [sfegrurec]
grignoter
Flexions sfegrurecsfegrurceɣ nesfegrurec yesfegrurcen sfegruruceɣ nesfegruruc yesfegrurucen sfegrurcet isfegrurec sfegrurcen sfegrurucet isfegruruc sfegrurucen tesfegrurceḍ tesfegrurcem isfegrurcen tesfegruruceḍ tesfegrurucem isfegrurucen sfegrurcemt tesfegrurec sfegrurcent sfegrurucemt tesfegruruc sfegrurucent sfegrurec yesfegrurec tesfegrurcemt sfegruruc yesfegruruc tesfegrurucemt
Sources sfegrurec
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982