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Yesmun-itt-idd: Ɛebdelwaḥed ḤENNU
Ḥajit majit, seksu d tyaẓiḍt, Yekker yij ufellaḥ, ttuɣa kul tuffut, ad iberdeɛ i weɣyul-nnes, a x-as ini, tnayen n ifunasen ittgewwed-iten. al ɣa yaweḍ ɣer yeyyar, uca ad iḍewwel aɣyul, ad icedd ifunasen d tyuya ɣer wesɣar, ḥuma ad kerzen! ifunasen, nnhar yekmel nitni ad jebbden asɣar, aɣyul iḍewwel, ihedda. Al ɣa teɣli tfukt, uca a dd-iberdeɛ ɛawed ufellaḥ i weɣyul-nni, a dd-igewwed ifunasen, a dd-yas ad irewweḥ!
Ij n wass, iruḥ weɣyul ɣer ufunas, yenna-s: « min x-ak icedden aḍuqqeẓ-a qeɛ? aqa d aṭṭas x-ak! »yexzer deg-s ufunas s wesḥissef, uca yerra x-as: « iwa min ɣa-ggeɣ ay aɣyul? ḍebber xaf-i! »
Yenna-s weɣyul: « egg ixf-nnec thelked, a dak-dd-yessers macca wer tt-ttḥada, uca cekk tehnid! »
Amenni i das-yegga ufunas-nni! yessers-as-dd ufellaḥ leɛlef, umi dd-yekker ɣer ssbeḥ, yufa wer t-yeqqis! Lexdenni, iberdeɛ ufellaḥ i weɣyul, igewwed ijj ufunas, uca iruḥ ad yekrez. umi ɣa yaweḍ, aɣyul ittraja a t-yeqqen bac ad iḍewwel, ad yehda! maca netta yeqqen-it ɣer wesɣar aked ufunas nneɣni!
Yeqqim ufellaḥ-nni ikerrez s weɣyul d ufunas! Irewweḥ-dd ihellek! yewtta! uca iseqsa-t ufunas-nni i yeqqimen di taddart: « iwa mamek tufid ay aɣyul? »
Yexzer deg-s weɣyul s uɛesseb, yenna-s: « cuf, aqa ttesliɣ-as yeqqar belli afunas-nni yehlek, yexs a dak-iɣers! tiwecca bedd x iḍaren-nnec, kker ssenni, ecc leɛlef-nnec, malla texsed wer dak-yessekki taxedmit! »
Yexzer deg-s, ufunas, yenna-s: « i tennid? »
Yerra x-as weɣyul, yenna-s: « wah! ɛawed zi ssa d tsawent, kul ijjen a tt-yawi deg yexf-nnes, ad yexdem ccɣel-nnes! »
Ɣer ɛawed: Jeḥḥa d ɛecra n yeɣyal


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Reẓmen isuḥufiyen Suliman Rrisuni d Ɛumar Rraḍi ij n wemseksi s tikkest x macca. Amseksi-ya yebda-t-idd Rrisuni xemsa n wussan zeggami, d abeddi deg wudem n weḍlam i das-yettwaggen awarn i umi t-ssidfen ɣer buɣemɣam ɛlayen ɛam zeggami, bla ma a x-as ḥekmen.
Ɛlaḥsab min dd-yusin zi Xulud Muxtari i yellan d tamɣart n Rrisuni; aqa asurif-a n tikkest x macca yudef deg-s nnit weḥd-s, waxxa nuḥel deg-s bac ad yesbedd manaya, yugi, minzi yuza ɣer-s weḍlam i das-yettwaggen.
Yerni Rrisuni yudef deg yij n wemseksi s tikkest x tsessi n waman, ɛlaḥsab min dd-yusin x yiles n tyemmunt n ibuɣawen-nnes netta d Ɛumar Rraḍi.
Asurif-a n tikkest x tsessi yus-dd zegga i udfen x texxamt n Rrisuni di lḥebs, fettcen-as leḥwayej-nnes, ksin-ten. Minzi deg wemkan ma ad tegg lidara n lḥebs tizemmar ḥuma ad tesbedd Suliman Rrisuni x tikkest x macca, terni tettfettac-as tassut-nnes, minzi ittɣil-as yeffer dinni macca! manaya yufa-t Rrisuni d aɣḍal zeg-s, uca yerni yessili akid-sen s tikkest x tsessi n waman.
Rrisuni, ɛlaḥsab min dd-yekkin zi Ɛumar Rraḍi, yeqqim di texxamt-nnes wer dd-itteffeɣ, wer yelli di ca. Wer iẓarr ula d ibuɣawen-nnes, wer yessiwil aked twacunt-nnes.
Ɛumar Rraḍi ula d netta, ttuɣa wer t-jjin ad ikemmel awal deg wetliffu, amen ɛad yallah yebda deg wawal x Rrisuni, nnan-as belli netta wer ɣer-s bu lḥeqq ad yessiwel x inekraf nniḍen. D manaya i t-yejjin ad yadef ula d netta deg yij n wemseksi s tikkest x macca.
Rraḍi d Rrisuni, ttwalan belli aḥebbes-nsen ɛlayen ɛam zeggami bla ma a x-asen ḥekmen, deg-s ij n ttaɛeddu yemɣar, amen yella d ij n uɛeddeb n tnefsect, kter ɛad umi wer ten-ttejjin ad msagaren jer-asen di lḥebs.
Ɛla ḥsab min dd-yusin x tyemmunt n ibuɣawen; aqa Rrisuni, bac ad yejj zi tikkest x tsessi n waman, ad isiɣi di tikkest x macca, ittetter manaya:
- a das-dd-rren leḥwayej-nnes i das-ksin.
- a t-ttejjan ad ittemsawaḍ aked Ɛumar Rraḍi.
- a das-rnin deg wakud n wawal deg wetliffu, a ten-ttejjan ad ssiwelen di tlelli-nsen aked twacunin-nsen.
- a dasen reẓẓmen tiwura n texxamin-nsen s uzil, am nitni am ineḥbas nniḍen, a ten-ttejjan ad msawaḍen jer-asen s wass.

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« Tanettit-inu d iles-inu… D nnec.
Nec d iles-inu. Nec i yellan d aḍlib deg yiles-inu.
Ul-inu d tirjit n Ukurdi x idurar-nnes iḥmaymiyen… »
Zi tqessist n Meḥmud Derwic, « Akurdi wer ɣer-s ḥa aḍu ».
Zegga ɛdan ca n wussan ufiɣ ijjen ulibru dag-s ca n tewriqin dag-sent ikuluriten. Libru-ya ksiɣ-t akidi ca n iseggusa i yeɛdan deg ijjen arriḥla s tqiḍunin. Ila uriɣ, deg ijjen tmeddit ɛad ttfekkreɣ-d later-nnes xaf-i, x ijjen tewriqt d tacemlalt s ijjen stilu d aberkan ijjen tmeẓrit (observation) x yiles. Nec ttfekkreɣ di tmelsayin-inu s Tkurdit, ma di tmeslayin n lxedmet s Teɛrabt, niɣ s ca n tutlayin-nniḍen (Taglinzit niɣ drus xmi i tettili d Talimant), imken manaya, umi ttuɣa wer izemmer ḥedd ad issiwel Takurdit di Suriyya.
Ttuɣa-aneɣ d iḥenjiren, nettɛic deg ijjen temdint tegg°ej deg iẓẓelmeḍ n tmurt, isem-nnes Qamicli. Azgen ameqqran n imezdaɣ di baryu mani ttkuneɣ d Ikurdiyen. Azgen ameqqran n ibabaten d tyemmatin, jar kṭer iwessura zzag-sen, wer ssiwilen ula d ijjen wawal s Teɛrabt, ttuɣa ɛicen tudert-nnsen amen tekmel s Tkurdit, ɛemmers wer ɣrin di tmezgida n tɣuri, ameknaw yemma-ḥenna.
Ass amezwaru di tmezgida n tɣuri, zegga i ɣa newwec sslam i ubandu Asuri akid-s nɣennej aɣennij anamur, aɣennij-a ttuɣa wer zzag-s nessin ula d ijjen wawal, xenni a nadef ɣer lqisem, a d-tadef taselmadt Takurdit i ttagin a daneɣ-tejj a nessiwel s Tkurdit, tettegg x-aneɣ uɣil a nessiwel s Teɛrabt, iles-a ca zzag-neɣ wer zzag-s ssinen walu. Ammu i yettegg anemhal Akurdi d iselmaden Ikurdiyen, ula d uɛessas Akurdi ittagi ad yejj iḥenjiren Ikurdiyen ad ssiwlen s yiles-nnsen, minzi ttegg°den s merra a ten-weddben.
Awal s Tkurdit ixess wer ittili. A tlemded Takurdit memnuɛ. A tesled i iɣennijen Ikurdiyen amenni ɛawed. Merra min iqqnen ɣer Tkurdit ttuɣa wer yelli bu mesmuḥ. Manaya wer iqqin ca ɣer yiles waha, aqqa idles n Ikurdiyen d tnamitin d leɛwayed-nnsen d Nuwruz-nnsen, ttuɣa wer zzag-s neɛɛmen Icuviniyen, inni iḥekkmen Suriya n L’asad. Ɛemmers i ma yennɛem ila nella da zi lebda, aṭṭas zzag-neɣ ttuɣa kessin nnkawi axmi neccin d iberraniyen, wer nɛimen s Ikurdiyen di Suriya ar mani d tagrawla n useggas n 2004.
Waxxa amenni, nelmed Takurdit nessawal zzag-s di tudrin-nneɣ, neḥḍa-tt zeg uweḍḍer. Din ijjen wawal yeqqar : « Akurdi qqaren-t i wenni issnen ad icḍeḥ, ad issiwel s Tkurdit ». S uya nelmed a necḍeḥ, nelmed iles-nneɣ zi ca n idlisen ttuɣa nesnnuffur-iten zegga ɣa nsala zi tɣuri n ca n wawalen udrusen s yiles n ibabaten-nneɣ.
Manaya ttuɣa wer ittqiddi, beɛda ssawaleɣ x ixef-inu nec, wer lmideɣ Takurdit i dayi ɣa ijjen ad tt-sxedmeɣ d tudert-inu n lxedmet, teqqim d ijjen yiles yefrar, wer ssineɣ bu aṭṭas n yismawen s Tkurdit, ssneɣ-ten s Teɛrabt. Azgen-inu d Akurdi, wenniḍen d Aɛrab, baba d Akurdi yemma d Taɛrabt. Meɣreɣ-d jar tnayen n yilsawen, maca Takurdit ttuɣa teḥḍer cwayt kṭer di taddart-nneɣ. Rniɣ ɣer-sen Taglinzit d Tlimant d cwayt n wawalen zi ca n yelsawen-nniḍen.
Iles netta d tanettit (identity), meɣreɣ-d s ijjen tnettit temxumbel, txelleṭ, d Takurdit d Taɛrabt ; Takurdit di tudert-inu n lebda, Taɛrabt di tɣuri, lxedmet d tira.
Ca n twalatin ittemxellaṭ xafi lḥal, din iwalen ssneɣ-ten s ijjen yiles wer ten-ssineɣ s ijjen yiles-nniḍen, minzi asexdem-nnsen ittili s ijjen yiles mbla wenniḍen, ula kṭer ismawen n leqcuɛ n kuzina d ca n lxuḍret. Min isseḍḥaken kṭer, nec ssneɣ ismawen n lxuḍret ḥa s Trusit waha, minzi baba d yemma ɣrin di Rusiya, zedɣen dag-s i waṭṭas n iseggusa. Uca ttuɣa ttsemman ca n ddwab n lxuḍret s yisem-nnes Arusi waha, ula d nnec amenni i kid-s d-kkreɣ, dewleɣ ttessneɣ-ten s yisem-nnsen Arusi bla ilsawen-nniḍen.
Yalleh ca n wussan zeg wami, laɣiɣ-as i yelli s trusit, nniɣ-as Иди cюдa zeɛma « araḥ-id da ». Ammu i ila daneɣ-tettlaɣa yemma wami ila nella d imeẓẓyanen, wer ssineɣ walu s Trusit, ḥa drus n wawalen i yeqqimen di twengimt-inu, wer ssineɣ mamec ggiɣ fekkreɣ-d manaya al mani i das-laɣiɣ i yelli s Trusit.
Qqareɣ-asen i ymeddukal-inu : Tessnem ila ssawaleɣ rebɛa n yelsawen, maca di tidet wer ssiwileɣ la d ijjen zzag-sen. Ssneɣ ad ssiwleɣ x waṭṭas n isental s ijjen yiles bla wenniḍen. Ammu zemmreɣ ad ariɣ s Teɛrabt, ad ssiwleɣ x minzi ttaciɣ s Tkurdit, ad ggeɣ arriḍa s Teglinzit, ad irareɣ tcamma n uḍar aked ijjen tseḍma d Talimant, ad sxedmeɣ Talimant. D ta d tudert-inu, tebḍa x rebɛa n yelsawen d rebɛa n tnettiitin. Ma s tidet iles-inu netta d tanettit-inu ? Min teɛna tanettit ?
Amec i dawem-nniɣ, nec d baba-s n ijjen tḥenjirt. Nettat d axelleṭ zi merra min dawem-nniɣ. Nec d Akurdi d Aɛrab, yemma-s d Talimant. Ssawaleɣ-as s Tkurdit, qqareɣ-as s Teɛrabt, yemma-s d Tlimant. Tettsla-aneɣ yelli nessawal s Teglinzit nec d yemma-s aṭṭas n twalatin. Lux teqqar ca n wawalen zi ca n yelsawen msebḍan, awal-nnes amezwaru ila yella zi Taṭalyant (Amore). Minzi imeddukal-nnes d Iṭalyanen, lebda qqaren-d awal-a zzat-s.
Mila tameẓẓyant tessawal iwalen s Tkurdit d Teɛrabt d Tlimant d Teglinzit d Taṭalyant, nec qqareɣ aked ixef-inu : xmi ɣa temaɣer iggur a taf zzat-s amxumbel n tnettit amek tteggen merra inni i d-ilulen i tnayen n imarawen usin-d zi tnayen n imukan msebḍan, niɣ am yenni i d-ilulen deg ijjen wemkan, maca ggamen deg ijjen wemkan-nniḍen. Maca xmi ɣa temɣer a teɛlem aṭṭas n yelsawen, ataf tzemmer a tadef ɣer waṭṭas n imukan mani ayt bu ijjen yiles wer zemmren a ɣer-s awḍen. Ammu, beɛda, i sstimeɣ, xmi ɣa temɣer ad tbedd zzat i umaḍal-a s ij n wul yerẓem bla tigg°di zeg iberraniyen. Minzi ttamneɣ mala tiweḍ a tessen aṭṭas n iwalen, ataf a tili tzemmer a taweḍ ɣer wulawen n aytbab-nnsen d idlsawen-nnsen.
Yura-tt: Dellair Youssef, asmezzeɣ : Andic


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Ass-nni n, 2 deg tuber 2020, i wwḍen 40 n wussan ɣef tmettant n uselmad Mohand NaitChallal. I lmendad n waya, rran-as yiselmaden imezwura tajmit deg taddart-is, Taqaɛet, deg Sedduq, lwilaya n Bgayet. Aṭas i yerzan ɣer din, kkan-d seg Tizi Uzzu, Tubiret, Bumerdas, Lezzayer tamanaɣt, Bgayet…atg. Wagi d awal-iw ihi, sɣur-i, ɣur-k. Am wakken i tuɣeḍ tannumi, yal adeg anda ara tiliḍ, zgan yimeddukkal-ik ɣer rrif-k: ḥemmlen ad ak-slen. Ihi ass-a, tesgarweḍ-aɣ -id deg Tqaɛet anda i d-tennerniḍ. Nemlal-d s yiqdimen n 1995, yal yiwen seg-neɣ ansi i d-yejba, si Tizi, si Bgayet, Tubiret…atg.
Nemlal-d akken ad nili ɣer yidis n twacult-ik i lmend n 40 n wussan ɣef tmettant-ik. Mi newweḍ amṛaḥ n taddart-ik, imuger-aɣ-id mmi-k Massi i yettawin ticraḍ n wudem-ik. Yefṛeh yis-neɣ, acmumaḥ-nni-inek, iban-d deg wallen-is. Deg umṛaḥ n taddart, nufa tiwlifin i d-yeskanayen abrid n yiseɣ i d-tewwiḍ di teɣzi n tudert-ik ɣef umennuɣ d uselmed n tutlayt-ik. Yal yiwen seg-neɣ, yebda yeqqaz-d deg waktayen-is, ussan d yinnan i ak-yezdin yid-s. Mass Ɛli Belḥut, imuqel-aɣ-d ,yulsaɣ-id tisuqqilin-nni i as-id-tgiḍ si tutlayt n teqbaylit ɣer tulayt Tatergit i yeseqdec di tezlatin-is. Tanagit-is fell-ak, temmal-d azal i tefkiḍ i tutlayt i d-teṭṭḍeḍ seg tewririn n sut n yiseɣ, tebɣest i yewwin ticraḍ n taẓayt n tudert iḥercawen.
Aktayen n Ben Ɛeknun
Awal yezzi gar-aneɣ, nemmekta-d ussan-nni imezwura n tannant n Ben Ɛeknun, dinna yakan, tufrareḍ fell-aɣ imi tezgiḍ ɣer yidis Imuhaɣ-nni i yellan yid-neɣ. Newhem seg-k imi tettmeslayeḍ yid-sen mebla ugur, ussan-nni i ak-nessawal Muḥend Atergi, ur yezmir yiwen ad yettu tignatin-nni. Mass Mesɛud Swalaḥ, yulsaɣ-id ɣef wayen yezzin yid-k d Mass Ɛellic Ṛacid ara yesgunfu di temsunt n wuzmir, asmi i ak-yenna: A Muḥend, ula d udem-ik, yettak anzi ɣer Yimuhaɣ, amek armi akka, tutlayt-nsen tessneḍ-tt, rnu udem.
Tarriḍ-as : Ahya a Mass Ɛellic, ur tezriḍ ara, yak baba snat ukked yezweǧ, yiwet gar-asen d Tatergit. Dinna yeḍsa-d, yezṛa-k kečč ur telliḍ ara d menwala. Mass Ɛellawa Rabhi i yellan d aselmad-neɣ, yemmeslay-d s teɣzi fell-k, yewwi-d awal-is ɣef umecwar-ik seg wasmi i telliḍ d anelmad-is di Ben Ɛeknun di 1995 , di Lqebba, di tesnawit Iḥeddaden n Bgayet. Yulsaɣ-id ɣef tmuginin i ak-yezdin yid-s asmi telliḍ d aselmad, amek i telliḍ tettnaḍaheḍ akken aseddu n uselmed n tmaziɣt ad yemmeɣ, ɣef unadi n wawalen d wazal-nsen di tantaliyin yemgaraden, di tnagit-is, isarwes-ik ɣer umawal imi am wakken i d-yenna: ‘’Muḥend, d amawal s yiman-is’’. Syin yerfed awal n uselmad-nniḍen, d Mass Kamel Buɛmaṛa, i d-yemmektan asmi i ak-imlal di tmurt n Fṛansa deg useggas 2016, am wakken i d-yenna: ‘’Muḥend, ɣas akken di tmurt tabeṛṛanit i yella, maca leqdic-nni i yella iqeddec-it da di tmurt, yewwi-t yid-s ɣer lɣerba’’. Yenna-d d akken iswi-k dihenna, d asiweḍ n tutlayt n tmaziɣt ɣer yimi n yal amaziɣ iminig.
Kra n tnagiyin rrif uẓekka
Akud yedda, mmi-s n mmi-k Amayas s ubeṛnus-is amellal i d-teǧǧiḍ d axalaf n uxalaf n tassa-k i trebbaḍ deg yirebbi n yiseɣ, yid-s tella Ɛica s tqendurt n Leqbayel, wwin-d gar yifassen-nsen tamuqint n yizeǧǧigen. Zwaren sdat-neɣ, nekni neṭṭafar-iten. Newwi abrid ɣer tmezgida ( taqerrabt ) Sidi Ṭahar, anda i teẓẓel tfekka-k. Deg ubrid, isem-ik ittezi deg yimawen-nneɣ. Teɣli-d rrehba n usḥissef imi neẓra d ayen ur ak-nettwali ara, teǧǧiḍ -aɣ. Mi newweḍ, tella-d dqiqa n tsussmi fell-ak d wid yakk yellan yid-k deg umennuɣ, zwaren-k ɣer wanida ula d nekni ara naweḍ yiwen wass. Naɛima Ḥadid, Feṛḥat Celmuni, Ferḥat At Muḥend, Nuṛ Uld Ɛmaṛa, Muxtar Ẓeddam, Akli Ɛun, llan d imeɣnasen n tlelli, trefdem taftilt i yessuzfen tillas timḍellas i d-seɣlin At tiddas d tmenqas ɣef tmurt n Masnsen. Mass Aselway n Useqqamu aɣerfan n tɣiwant n Sedduq, yewwi-d awal fell-ak dinna.
Yemmeslay-d ɣef tebɣest i ak-yefka Wuzmir deg umennuɣ mgal imesɛuṛbizen d iqannanen i yellan mgal aselmed n tulayt n yimarawen-nneɣ. Yemmeslay-d ɣef leqdic-ik di Sedduq ladɣa deg wayen icudden ɣer yidles . Ay Aselmad n tinzart, ay ameɣnas n tlelli, a Muḥend Nayet Caɛlal, akken llan yimeddukkal i d-yerzan, Naser Sahqi, Ḥusin Mula, Daḥman Nafaɛ, Haṛun Ḥmed , Nadir Ǧidi, Ɛli Bufruc, d waṭṭas-nniḍen, nnan -d d akken kečč ur telliḍ ara n tmiqwa tineggura, ur telliḍ ara n wid-nni yerran tamaziɣt d allal s wayes ara awḍen ɣer yiswi-nsen. Kečč terriḍ tamaziɣt d iswi, tesqedceḍ akk tazmert-ik akken ur tɣelli ara deg temda n tatut. Nnan-d daɣen, kečč seg tzemmurt i d-tgiḍ aẓar mačči si dderg uɣanim; tettagmeḍ-d si tliwa n Teqbayliyin i d-yettaken aman imẓerfen yessiriden ixixan n yimezḥaf i d-iɣedlen fell-aɣ tizelgi d yidelsan ijentaḍ i d-wwin At ileɣman. Akken nella dinna deg uxxam-ik , nenna-d d akken kečč telliḍ d asefreǧ ɣef wayla-k, ɣef wayla ara d-yeqqimen i tsutwin-nneɣ ara d-yasen akken ur yettili udaxcim acerqi neɣ aɣerbi ara d-ikecmen taqaɛet n tjaddit taqbaylit. Sgunfu di talwit n Wuzmir ay agrawliw, ay ameɣras, ay iseɣ.
Kader Belaidi


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Ssi Mesṭafa
Ssi Mesṭafa (s tefṛensist: Si Mustapha, isem n tidett : Taqiḍunt), d taɣiwant n Bumerdas, zedɣen-tt 9.015 n yimezdaɣen. Deg tallit n tuṭṭfa tafṛensist llan ɣɣaren-as Félix Faure.
Tarakalt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Asideg (timella)[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tuddar[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- At Yusef
- At Ḥmiduc (Oulad Hamidouche)
- Blad Bencellal (At Clal)
- Blad Benzerga
- Blad Mrabṭeyya (Imrabḍen)
- Leɛzib Buɛmer
- Sidi Bennur
- Tala n Ceɛban (Ɛin Caɛban)
- Taqiḍunt neɣ Tagiṭunt
- Wlad Ben Mellaḥ
- Wlad Xelif (At Xlif)
- Ḥellaba
- Ɛin Lejdida (Tala Tajdidt)
- Ɛin Rrenǧa (Tala Urenja)


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Deg tegnit ideg izad leḥris d usataɣ, mgal akk ayen ttrajun izayriyen, iḍelli ass n 20 yennayer 2022 asqamu n uwanek yefka tamhelt i tukksa d uḥbas n leeḍil i leqdac n ukabar-nneɣ, d uɣlaq akk n yiwandanen-ines anda ma llan. Anect-a nettwali-t d tuccḍa i yecceḍ udabu deg yizerfan n wagetkabar. Akken diɣ i nezmer ad neḥseb anect-a d teediya ɣef tlelli d tugdut deg tmurt-nneɣ.
Ilaq ad d-nesmekti d akken rray-agi i yeddem usqamu n uwanek yella-d srid mi yessers uneɣlaf n ddaxel tanurẓit mgal akabar-nneɣ deg wass n 26 yebrir 2021, anda i d-yufa sebba ɣef ulukez i iga ukabar akken ad isuddes agraw-is. Tigawt-agi i tga teɣdemt nerra-as uqbel ad yekfu wakud i aɣ-d-fkan, anda nga agraw-nneɣ, syin akkin nceyyee-as i uneɣlaf n ddaxel s ubrid n usaddef anda it-yewwi n umedlallag (lusi) n teɣdemt s yimad-is.
Azeyyed n leḥris-agi yegla-d s ugar n 300 n yimekraf gar yimeɣnasen n tsertit d wid n rray, d waṭas i teṭṭafar teɣdemt ama imeɣnasen neɣ d timeɣnasin n tegrawla, wid i iqeddcen deg yiẓedwan n tmetti, ineɣmasen, imasyanen, isdawanen, imeɣnasen n tdukliwin, iqerra n yikabaren n tsertit am Fetḥi Γerras d yinmula am Qeddur Cwica, d wiyaḍ.
Adabu anagar ttawil-a i d-yufa akken ad d-yerr ttar deg-nneɣ, ad nxelles adɣar-nneɣ asertan d ukfawen-nneɣ deg umussu aɣerfan akked yibeddi-nneɣ ar yidis n yixeddamen akked wid yettnaɣen s umata.
Maca leḥris-a isenɣas di tezmer n tmurt akken ad tqabel acengu n berra. Γas akken s yimi hedren ad sǧehden tazmert n tirni n daxel i yettnaɣen mgal isehyuniyen d wid yettnaɣen mgal tasihrant.
Akabar-nneɣ yebda amennuɣ-is s wudem uffir deg useggas n 1974, yerna serwan-as atabae d leḥris i d-yebdan seg useggas 1989 s yisem n PST u mazal yettkemmil.
Amennuɣ-nneɣ yekcem deg umezruy i d-tettaǧǧa tsuta i tayeḍ ama d imeɣnasen neɣ d timeɣnasin, tikwal xelsen akfawel-nsen deg ukabar-a s tudert-nsen. Ass-a amennuɣ-nneɣ yettkemmik gar yixeddamen, gar ugdud mgal asataɣ d leḥris d tlelli n yimekraf n tsertit d rray d uqader n tlelli d tugdut. Amennuɣ-nneɣ ad ikemmel ɣef tnaya taɣerfant, d ufran n tdamsa akked tsertit. Amennuɣ-nneɣ mgal tasertit n tdamsa timsereḥt d tsihrant akked tzemmar tigreɣlanin. Amennuɣ-nneɣ akken ad d-nerr ibuɣar n tmurt gar yifassen n ugdud. Amennuɣ-nneɣ ad ikemmel i usbedded n usqamu amendawi ilelli, ara iseḥbibren ɣef yizerfan n uẓawali d wayen yessaram ugdud.
Deg tegnit yecban tagi, ad nsenmer akk wid i d-ibedden ɣer yidis-nneɣ ama dagi di tmurt neɣ berra i tmurt degmi d yeffeɣ lexbar n uḥbas n ukabar n PST i yettwaḥsaben d tiɣmert n umennuɣ mgal asataɣ d leḥris.
S wakka nesbedd tarbaet ara ieeddin ɣer tnaɣlaft n ddaxel, mi ara aɣ-d-iwekked usqamu n uwanek s tira. Akken ad d-nesteqsi amek ara nekkes tamhelt-agi n uḥbas n ukabar d leqdicat-is
Amennuɣ yettkemmil…
Tanmehla taɣelnawt n Ukabar Anemllay n Yixeddamen (PST)
Ass n 22 yennayer 2022.


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Umi saliɣ tiɣri n tnayen-nni n wungalen i yura Carelton Coon (1904-1981) x Arrif (Aksum n ufunas n lexla (1932) Arifi (1933)), ufiɣ belli neccin wer nessin walu x Irifiyen-nni i yekkin x tmurt n Arrif. Wer nessin mamec i ttuɣa ttɛicen ? Mamec i ttfekkren ? D minzi ittamnen ?. Wah s tidet ila Irifiyen ttuɣa-ten d imselmen. Ad tilid d ameslem di Arrif di lweqt-nni, axmi d tacejjart isnuffren lɣabet n tidet.
Ca n ijjen zzay-wem ad ayi-yini « Iwa qa Coon yura ungal, ungal netta ixayel-it waha, maci d tidet ». Wah manaya izemmer ad yili d tidet. Maca mli Coon wer t-ttuɣi bu d ijjen itteggen tirezzutin di Tenṭrupulujit, mli war yelli bu d ca n ijjen yus-d ad yiɛic aked Irifiyen deg iseggusa n ɛicrin di lqern i yeɛdun. Bnadem i ɣa yeɣren i tira-nnes, maci ad yaca axmi d ijj n ḥajet n tsekla. Lla, ad yaca axmi d tarezzut n tenṭrupulujit, axmi d amezruy yeggur x yiḍaren-nnes. A naf belli netta yura tnayen-nni n wungalen s nnwaḍer d inṭrupylujiyen, maca deg ij n lqaleb d aseklan, yiẓiḍ.
Ass-a mala nniɣ-as i ḥedd, qa Irifiyen ttuɣa tetten ilfan di min yeɛdan. Ippudar wer dag-i ittimen. Am mamec nettaf deg wungal n « aksum n ufunas n lexla » ttuɣa din wi ten-ittrebban qqaɛ. Din wi ten-ittetten xmi ten-yemmren deg ussan n tejrest, xminni wer ttifen min ɣa ccen s waṭṭas. Zeg yilem-nnes tteggen tisila i zi ttacan s rraḥet xminni x-asent gguren, ttekklen.
Min dayi-yeqqimen di twengimt, umi ttuɣa ssawalen ca n iḥudriyen d Irifiyen x ijjen am nitni ittẓalla. Ijjen zzag-sen iggernez x-as (Mayemmi i yettẓalla ma d awessar niɣ ?). Manaya ixes ad aneɣ-yini ila drus n Irifiyen i yettẓallan. Drus zzag-sen i yettraḥen ɣer temzyida. Azgen ameqqran-nnsen ttrajan ar ɣa wesren i ɣa wwḍen ad ssnen mamec tegga tamezyida ɣer daxel. Di Arrif, zzman, wenni i ttuɣa yettẓallan ttuɣa ttezzmen-t, ttemzawaren zzag-s (raḥ ay ameẓẓallu !). Deg wungal-a s ixef-nnes yettɛawad mamec ijjen zi jjmaɛet, iwseq ijjen lefqih ixes la d netta ad iwwec awal-nnes di ca n wemxumbel n ddcar-nni. Axmi yeqqar-a : « cek ad tẓalled s iwdan, maci a x-asen tḥekmed ».
Tameslayt tameggarut d remḍan. Azgen ameqqran-nnsen ttuɣa ceḥḥeḍen-t. Qaɛ wer t-ttẓummin. Manaya tteɛqaleɣ x-as nec wami ila lliɣ d ameẓẓyan, d min ttuɣa dayi-yeqqar baba. Azgen ameqqran n Iḥudriyen ttuɣa wer ttẓummin. Bnadem ar ɣa yemɣer ɛad i ɣa ibda ittẓumma. Lux, a dd-nawi ca n ijjen zi ṭṭerf d Arifi, ad as-nini manaya, muḥal ma ad yamen. Kulci manaya iqqar-aneɣ anict leɛwayed d leɛqel n Urifi beddlen.
Irifiyen ttuɣa-ten d imeslmen, maca d imeslmen s tebridt-nnsen. Azgen ameqqran n lejdud-nneɣ xminni ttuɣa tẓallan, ttuɣa ttxellaṭen Tmaziɣt aked cwayt n wawalen n Teɛrabt i iḥefḍen. Maca waxxa amenni ila umnen, s tebridt-nnsen amec nenna. Ula mamec ttuɣa ttemseddaren aked wudayen, imken di lweqt-nni ad tafed ca n wuday isselmad Lquran i iḥenjiren imselmen di ca n ddcar.
Iydareɣ-dd timeslayin i yeqqnen ɣer ddin s neɛmada. Maca wungal-a maci d manaya i xef issawal waha. Din aṭṭas n leḥwayej min xef issreɣ tifawin, ameknaw xminni tteffɣen iwdan d iḍliben, tamenɣiwt, idammen, tamɣart d xirebbi n isental i yestahllen, kul ijjen zzag-sen a ɣer-s nbedd s wefsay.
Aṭṭas n tmeslayin i yebbdlen di Arrif zegga Irifiyen ruḥen ad zedɣen deg Uruppa. Zegga ɛawed bdan ttadfen ad raḥen ad ɣren. Zegga bdan ttɛicen deg ij n ddewla d jjdid umi neqqar ass-a « Lmuɣrib ». Irifiyen wer qqimen ttraḥen ad ẓuren yemrabḍen, wer qqimen ttɣennjen izlan aked imedyazen, wer qqimen tteggen twiza, wer tteggen tɛinsart, wer tteggen nnayar. Coon, nhar-a isscan-aneɣ-d anict ttmesxen Irifiyen, neccin wer neqqim d neccin.
Wer xseɣ bu ad iniɣ s manaya, wer ttẓallat, niɣ wer ttẓummat. Xseɣ ad iniɣ bnadem ad yili min ixes, maca ixess-aneɣ a neṭṭef di leɛwayed-nneɣ d tussna-nneɣ. Temsar-aneɣ am tsekkurt-nni i yexsen ad tegg am tecli n ṭṭawes, ɣer umeggaru wer tufi tenni-nnes ula tenni n ṭṭawes.


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Tenna tamawast n seḥḥet di Lmuɣrib belli simana i yeɛdan ittwazemmem dag-s ca n 275 n yiwdan ig immuten s Kuruna. Terni twekked, belli di simana-ya tanita i di immuten aṭṭas n yiwdan zeg wami tebda tudef-d Kuruna ɣer Lmuɣrib.
Mamec wwḍen imeḥlak n Kuruna di Yumayen ɣer ca n 3500 n waddad deg wass. Di ca n yumayen mseḍfaren. Manaya ɛemmers ma ttuɣa yewweḍ ɣer-s Lmuɣrib qbel. Mamec i d-tura tamawast n seḥhet ila Lmuɣrib izemmem 153 alef n yiwdan i telqef Kuruna. Itsemma i ca n 400 n yiwdan i mkul 100 alef n imezdaɣ. Maca ittakk°aḍ inni iggenfan ɣer 84%.
Lmuɣrib ittawi-d wis tnayen di Tefrikt alaḥsab ttistat ig ittegg i Kuruna. Mamec i d-iwwi wis 30 deg umaḍal deg waddaden ig izemmem di Kuruna d wis tnayen di Tefrikt. D wis 36 deg umaḍal deg inni ig immuten.


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Asmil : Tigejda n tanaramant
Amyaru: Amaruyidir
Tikci n tbadut i tanaramant , mačči d amuhan , Baden Bawel s timad-is, ismenyif ad sbadu s mgal-is. Seg asni aṭas n tbaduyin i d-ilan, iswiyen imenza arnan-asen inekmaren-agi gelzen i tbadut tangarut n tarmist n usedwel iwumi neqar tanaramant.
Tanaramant d tarayt n usedwel taɣarimt n ilmeẓyen, yerṣan af uḍwal n ulugan anaram, aseqdec n unargaw n temzayin, urrar, d tudert iked ugama.
Urrar d tudert iked ugama, d iferdisen isilanen n tnaramant, urrar d armud n wagug n ilmeẓyen, urrar d bara, isnerni tazmert, iselmad tugrint, iked teyti n telɣamt, deg ugama.
Tabadut n tmendawt n tudsa tamnaḍalt n umusu anaram
‘’Amusu anaraman, d amusu asedwalan, war asertan n ilmeẓyen.
ildi i yal yiwen, seg yal tara, yal aẓar, mebla asemgrid deg uzuf naɣ deg usɣan. Itedu s twizi, s yeswi, iked umenzay s tarayt i ɣef it-isali win i ts-id-snulfan’’.
15 tmeẓrwin n Micel Menu
Afransis Micel Menu usgzel-d anagraw anaram af 15 tmeẓrwin
- 5 iswiyen :tazmert, taɣara, takuta, tiɛubejt tatwilt ; anamek n ilew(tadasilant).
- 5 taɣultin n iluɣma n tefmajawt anaram : agama d igur ; tamzayt, alugan anaram, usekred,taṛgamt
- 5 imesduyen n tarayt : tanfa, aɣalaf, anagraw temzayin, tasenbert n annuz iked useqqamu ifesnawen.
Tabadut n umusu anaraman(tunṣibt)
Amusu anaraman, d amusu asedwalan; war asertit n ilmeẓyen.
ildi i yal yiwen, seg yal tara, yal aẓar, mebla asemgrid deg uzuf naɣ deg usɣan.
itedu s twizi, s yeswi, iked umenzay s tarayt i ɣef it-isali win i ts-id-snulfan.


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Tillirt
Tga Tillirt (Asgt : Tillirin;s tfransist : inula, s tsrɣint : نبتة الطيون) yan wanaw n tuga ittmɣin tama n waman zund ukan asif, amda, asaru, targa, imrjan. Illa mad as ittinin tillirt ili daɣ mad as ittinin tillirin.
Tiwlafin :[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Assaɣ[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
illa wassaɣ ad dar middn iclḥay g waṭlas mqqurn
- Amyiwn : Tillirt
- Asgt : Tillirin
Tuzduɣt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Anaw ad n tuga ar ittmmɣay g iḍɣarn illan g tama n waman.
Asafar[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tasnalɣa (Morphologie)[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tillirt ar ttgga yat tuga imẓẓin igan tazgzawt, tla ijddign iwraɣn.


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Si Wikipedia, tasanayt tilellit.
Turuft neɣ Uṛubba/Orobba neɣ Tewruft/Tewrupt (Taglizit: Europe) d amenẓaw ger 7 imenẓawen n umaḍal. Tusa-d deg yixef n umalu n Urasyan (Eurasia). Tikwal qqaren-as daɣen "amenẓaw awessar".
Tajumma n Turuft ur tɛedda ara 10.180.000 Km2; mɣar amenẓaw n Ustṛalya ay tugar.
Timura n Turuft sekrent-ed Tadukli Turufit, tura ɣur-s 28 iwunak, 13 seg-sent sseqdacent aqarid asuf n "euro" (idrimen).
Yekka-d isem-is seg tumgisent tagrigt, d isem n yiwet tgellidt Tafiniqt.
Europa d yelli-s n wakuc Agrig Zeus.
Atent-a tmura n turuft di 50 yid-sent :


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Tudert teggur kid-neɣ s tindeffart, neccin nɛarren iṣuraf ɣer zdat, nettat temqetmar kid-sen ad ten terr ɣer tkarmin. Ict n twalat ẓẓuɣreɣ-tid zeg ufus, sɣimeɣ-tid ɣer uɣezdis-inu, nniɣ-as :
– Ruxa cemm min xf tɛwwled, mayemmi kid-i teṭṭfed taɣennant ? Ma cciɣ-am agla ?
– Tɛizzed x-afi, xseɣ-am lmliḥ, i d-ay tenna.
– Mani yella lmliḥ-a ? Yak wenni texseɣ uca tirared zzag-s mamc txsed, mayemmi i tessiggʷijed x-afi ?
– Minzi netta wer cemm ixs ca, netta tiyita sneɣden-t-as ul, wer t-tecqid.
– Cem d taɛeffant, txsed ad ay tirared di lɛqel, netta yewc-ay awal wer izemmer ad dag-i yesmḥ.
– Maca cem txsd ad tmlced ?
– Wah, nc uḥleɣ zeg uɣimi wḥdi, wen d-ɣa yekken wer kid-i yrenni da, min d-asen ggiɣ i yewdan-a ? Ma nc zhmeɣ qqaɛ anict uya ?
– Cem d nniyet waha, di zman-a mara wer tellid d tuccent ad cem ccen uccanen, wer timen min d-am ittwaqqaren, ra d ccem ixessa ad tilid zeg yinni ig ittexsen ixf nnsen waha, wer tarra lxbr i ḥedd, wen cem yexsen ad ɣer-m yass nnit, ad x-am yerzu nnit.
– Ufiɣ deg wawal nnem cwayt n tidt a tudert, maca ammu i d-ay yegga rebbi. Ggureɣ s ijj n wudem, wen kid-i yenwan lxdeɛ jar-asd d rebbi,netta i t-ɣa yxellṣen.
– Ihya tahebbujt, ziɣenta qqaɛ wer tecɛifd zi min x-am yekkin, ma tettud ussan nni i di ja wer ttwilid mɣar tubberkent, wer tennid ar mani teggenfid.
– Ɛafam a tudert iḥtal x-afi, wer ttuɣ ca, ɛemmers ad ttuɣ, maca wi ɣa yacan d leḥriq n ticti, ura d ijj ma ykessi-yay amnus.
– Aqqam tbdded ɣer min d-am qqareɣ, ruxa ssekkeɣ-amd miɣis n yebriɣen, cem tɛeffared x-as, min kid-s teggid ?
– Nniɣ-as wc-ay ijj n imalas ad x-ak rreɣ, ejj-ay ad xarrseɣ, minzi lemlak wer yehwin.
– Hi xenni s tidt txarrsed di min d-am inna ? Yak ittexs-icem ?
– Wah, ittexs-ay, min ma yegga ikessi s array-inu, maca nc ul-inu yeqqen ɣer ḥedd nneɣni. Safi azellif inu ɛlayen ad iḍḍuqqeẓ s ixemmimn.
– Cem wer tessind nnfeɛ nnem, ili ruxa teggid axxam nnem.
– D cem a tudert i x-afi yeɛbaren, wer d-am tsimiḥɣ terrid-ay ussan-inu marra d timedji.
– Mmis n midden wer d-am yeggi walu, err x-as wer tejja yettraja.
– Err x-as cem nniṯ, inas min txsed, nc ejj-ay ad hniɣ, uḥleɣ
Amalas ikmmel, tudert teksi-d ibeḥrar-nnes g ufus uca teṭṭef-d abrid ɣer-i, tuɣa-y di sserjem ttrajiɣ Rayas ad ay d-yawi tabrat. Maca tacɛeft nni tizzar-as, aqqa-t tgɛɛded di tsawent, wer yelli wi t-ɣa yessiḥlen, nniɣ asd zi laggʷaj, wer t-jjiɣ ad terr nnefs :
– Min cem d-yiwin di ṭḥawat-a a tametluɛt, uca aqa-cem tififed x tudrin, wer tejjid yewdan ad sḥessen i yeɣṣan nnsen.
– Nc ɣer-i ijj n wawal, amalas i teggid ag mmis n midden aqqa ykmmel, wfiɣ wer x-as terrid uca ggiɣ min x-afi.
– Min d-as tennid ?
– Nniɣ-as cekk d ijjen ig istahellen icten nneɣni, min ɣa tegged s rhemm nni, wer tessin mɣar i ymeṭṭawen, ijj n lmɛqqda zzag-s wer yelli.
– Amya i tennid a tudert !! Nc ul inu marra d tayri, marra d tcuni, maca d cem i zzag-i yttacren yewdan i xseɣ.
– Ruxa aqa jjiɣ cem ad tixḍared cemm wen texsed.
– Nc ixḍareɣ, d netta i ɣa ḍfareɣ min ɣa kkeɣ ddreɣ, d netta i texseɣ, mara tebḍi-t x-afi ataf neḍr-ay waha.
– Anict uya qaɛ i txmmled dag-m, ziɣenta tayri d tameqqrant jar-akum !! Min dag-s texsed ?
Xmi nttexs wer netseqsi mayemmi, zi qqneɣ xf yixf inu aṭṭaṣ n iseggʷasen, yessijjed xf tudert inu am tfuct n refjar, ṭṭyar nnes yextuttel ar mani d-ay yezdeɣ deg ixsan. Wer zmireɣ ad t-ssufɣeɣ, wer xseɣ ad yeffeɣ. Mri wfiɣ ataf wer kid-i yttemsebḍi qqaɛ, wer zzag-s sexxiɣ, wmi i nemsafaḍ twarat tameggarut wwiɣ-d abrid ykml ttruɣ. Ggʷdeɣ ad yili d amsagar nneɣ ameggaru i lebda, ggʷdeɣ ad yekk ssenni. Newca yawal ad ntmeẓra kull imalas, maca ruxa teggur di krad n imalasen wer nemẓir, wer nessiwel, ssitimeɣ ad yili manaya d tsegnut waha uca ad tenqer tfuct n tcuni. Ad asen wussan i di d-ay ɣa ydarreɛ ɣer-s ad ay yini :
Ẓẓuyḍeɣ cemm a tsat inu, ad ay yessudem zi tencuct n wadday, ad as ddmeɣ tenni n sennej.
Ad qqimeɣ ttrajiɣ-t lebda, minzi d netta i yellan d Rayas inu. Wer zemmreɣ ad ssidareɣ mmis n midden deg ixarriqen, nc d Rayas i txseɣ. Uca txsed a tudert ad aneɣ tesmuned, aqa ad tegged ijj n lajr yemɣar, mara tebḍiḍ-aneɣ ɛafam iḥtal x-as, rezzuɣ ad yedder tcuni. Qa tarẓugi tuẓa ɣer-s ma nc nnumeɣ.
Tura‑t: Illis n Arif
Ɣer ɛawd: Amaswal : Muḥemmed Caca ; Izlan n yiḍ-a di Arif merra mserwasen.


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Yeggur ad issufeɣ wezlawi d artista Arifi, Jamal Lɣazi ijjen wamud n yezlan ad dag-s ismun ca n tqessisin-nnes. Amud-a wanita yeksi yisem n « Tfuct n tiwecca ». Adlis-a ad t-id-tessufeɣ Taddart n Imaziɣen. I yellan d ijjen tmesmunt tettili deg Uliman. Lɣazi deg wawal-nnes x wamud-a yenna: « Ttqadiɣ uma iɛizzen Muḥemmed Farisi x tzemmar-nnes timeqqranin. Netta i dayi-d-issufɣen amud-a amezwaru inu i ttuɣa yellan d axarres-nnes. Ttuɣa qaɛ wer ttrijiɣ ad as-igg isem n « tfuct tiwecca ». Yerni yenna Lɣazi x wamud-nnes : « Aselmad Farisi d netta i yexḍaren aɣlaf d yisem n udlis s uya qqareɣ-as arraqt zzayk ».
Farisi di tmessizwarut i yegga x udlis-a yenna: « Wenni ɣa iɣren amud-a, d tidet, ad yaf azlawi ittraja tfuct n i d ɣa yeyyaren tiwecca niɣ imal ». Ireni inna ɛawed « Tiqessisin n wamud, nitenti d alaɣi n yiman n wefgan […] irezzu s usitem ad taɣ ad treɣ ca n wass, maca ad treɣ d tayri d tcuni d taẓyuḍi ».
Yettwaḥsab Jamal Lɣazi zeg imeɣnas iẓelmaḍen i ttuɣa lebda ttbeddan aked tseqqar n midden d tseqqar n Imaziɣen zi lebda. X manaya, iwca tirelli-nnes x minzi ittamen. Izdeɣ deg Uliman, zi tmurt-a iqqim iṭṭef deg wecbar, ɛad aqqa-t ittegg tizemmar-nnes deg yiyyar n tussna. Mamec lexxu aqqa-t issujad ijjen wamud n yezlan cerken dag-s aṭṭas n izlawiyen d twiza aked inni yuḍnen s uxenzir.


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Awar n Arebbi s Tmazight n Arrif
Ṯarifiṯ
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Ṯabrat ṯamezwarut n arrasul Bulus ɣar Timuṯawus s ṯmaziɣṯ n Arrif (Ṯarifiṯ)
- Ṯabrat ṯamezwarut n arrasul Bulus ɣar Timuṯawus s lḥuruf n ṯeƹrabṯ, ssura wis xemmesṭac n Lʼinjil n Siḏiṯneɣ Ƹisa Lmasiḥ. Ṯabrat ṯamezwarut ɣar Timuṯawus 1 – 6
- Ṯabrat ṯamezwarut n arrasul Bulus ɣar Timuṯawus s lḥuruf n latiniya, ssura wis xemmesṭac n Lʼinjil n Siḏiṯneɣ Ƹisa Lmasiḥ. Ṯabrat ṯamezwarut ɣar Timuṯawus 1 – 6
Lʼinjil ɣares ṯnayen n yisemawen, qqaren-as Lʼinjil qqaren-as Ȓƹaheḏ ḏ jḏiḏ. Lʼinjil ḏayes 27 n ssuraṯin. Ssura wis xemmesṭac yuri-t Siḏna Bulus, qqaren-as Ṯabrat ṯamezwarut n arrasul Bulus ɣar Timuṯawus. Ṯtarjem ḏanita s ṯmaziɣṯ n Arrif, iƹni ṯarifiṯ. Ṯanita ḏ ijjen n ṯebrat iy yura arrasul Bulus ɣar yijjen n uḥenjir qqaren-as Timuṯawus zeg imƹacaren nnes. Timuṯawus itbeccar s Lʼinjil jar ȓmuminin n Ƹisa Lmasiḥ izeḏɣen ḏi ṯendint n Ufasus. Siḏna Bulus iseȓmaḏ Timuṯawus ineṣṣeḥ-iṯ x ȓxeḏmeṯ nnes jar ȓmuminin nni u ƹaweḏ x mamc tiȓi jmaƹeṯ n ȓmuminin.
Ḏi ssura-ya ɣarneɣ ijjen n nnacid zi lʼamdaḥ iqḏimen zi jmaƹeṯ n ȓmuminin. Issawaȓ x Siḏiṯneɣ Ƹisa Lmasiḥ. Ntaf awaȓen-a ḏeg wuḏem wis 3 ḏi lʼaya 16 ṯeqqar: U bȓa ccekk mecḥaȓ ṯeǧa ḏ ṯameqqrant ȓmaƹna inuffaren n Iʼiman:
Netta, ḏ bnaḏem iy d imeḍharen,
ḏ Arruḥ iy xas icehḏen.
Netta, ḏ lmalaʼikaṯ iy ḏayes ixzaren,
ḏ ȓegnus iy zzayes itwabeccaren.
Netta, ḏi ddunect yinni iy zzayes yumnen,
ḏ lƹaḍama n ujenna iy ṯ iqebȓen.
Klika swadday bac aḏ tɣareḏ awaȓen nneɣni n Arebbi s ṯmaziɣṯ n Arrif iy d yusin ḏi ssura-ya qqaren-as Ṯabrat ṯamezwarut ɣar Timuṯawus.
Droits d'auteur © 2022, Awar n Arebbi s Tmazight n Arrif


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Le Rifain
Iwḍen-dd inekraf n lḥirak i dd-yennufeslen zi lḥebs n Ṭanja iḍennaḍ ɣer tudrin-nsen d twacunin-nsen. Ufin deg uraji-nsen aṭṭas n imezdaɣ i ten yelqan s pitu n ṭṭumubinat, qbel i ma ad rsen di « Ssaḥa n Ccuhada », lexden i ɣa mdurruɛen aked imezdaɣ n Lḥusima i iferḥen s tlelli-ya, di lwesṭ n tlewliwin d cciɛarat.
Qbel i manaya, Salaḥ Lecxem di Talarwaq, yufa imezdaɣ lqan-t-idd, ferḥen s tlelli-nnes d tlelli n inekraf i kid-s dd-yeffɣen. Yuli sennej i yijjen ṭṭumubin, uca yebda yessawal aked imezdaɣ i das-dd-yennḍen, di lwesṭ n yijjen lefraḥet temɣar.
Dinni 22 n inekraf n lḥirak n Arif i dd-yennufeslen ass n larbeɛ 29 zi yulyuz 2020, d ina d ismawen-nsen:
Jamal Ulad Ɛebdennbi
Ɛimad Aḥidar
Muḥsin Bensɛid
Ilyas Lɣazi
Ɛebdelilah Lɛemrani
Salaḥ Laḥmadi
Acraf Lyexlufi
Muḥemmed Asriḥi
Ilyas Ḥajji
Brahim Abeqquy
Cakir Lmexruṭ
Ḥusayn Lidrisi
Rabiɛ Lablaq
Muḥemmed Lmejjawi
Leḥbib Lḥennudi
Ɛumar Buḥaras
Suliman Lefḥili
Ɛebdelɛli Ḥud
Lmurtaḍa Iɛemracen
Salaḥ Lecxem
Dris Hilul
Karim Amɣar.
Dinni tnayen n inekraf tettwakkes-asen mulṭa, nitni d:
Lɛemrani 4000 DH
Laḥmadi 5000 DH


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Étude comparative entre le kabyle (parler Ait Mengellat) et le Touarègue (parler Tamahakt) à base des deux dictionnaires J.M.Dallet (1982) et Ch.de FOUCAULD (1951): la morphologie et la sémantique.
Date2016
Author
TABROUT, REZIKA
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
Tutlayt n tmaziɣit deg-s aṭas n Tantaliyin, gar-asent ad naf iḥricen i deg mgaradent d wid i deg mnuzant. 1. Tanekda n tezrawt Di tezrawt-agi neɛreḍ ad nesmed taṣleḍt tasnalɣayt d tesnamkayt i snat n tantalayin Taqbaylit (yeɛnan tamnaḍt n Twrirt n At Mengellat di Micli) – Tatargit (Tamahaqt n at uheggar “kel-Ahaggar”). Neṭṭef ɣef umawal J. M. DALLET Amawal Taqbaylit – Tafransist , At Mengellat di Micli, d umawal Charles de FOUCAULD Amawal Tatargit – Tafransist, Tamahaqt n at uheggar “kel-Ahaggar”. Amud neɣ yebna ɣef 146 n wazaren yezdin gar snat n tantaliyin-a. 2. Tamukrist • Deg wacu deg mnuzant d wayen ideg mgaradent snat n tantaliyin Taqbaylit - Tatargit , deg wayen yeɛnan tasnalɣa d tesnamka ? 3. Tasnarayat Ammud n tezrawt neɣ deg-s 146 n wazaren, i d-nekkes deg sin n yimawalen J. M. DALLET Amawal Taqbaylit – Tafransist d win Charles de FOUCAULD Amawal Tatargit – Tafransist. Nessarwes snat n tantalayin-a s tesleḍt tasnalɣayt d tesnamkayt : Deg tasnalɣa nwala aẓaren imi cerken d tenḍawit tasnalɣayt, d wawalen irrṭṭalen di Teqbaylit d Tetargit, sakin nexdem taṣleḍt i yal yiwen. Ɣer taggara nsenked yal aḥric s tunta. Akkan daɣen ula deg tesnamka, nwala awalen yemgaraden, anamek amatu d unamek uzzig, d wassaɣ asnamkan di sin n yimawalen DALLET d win n FOUCAULD.


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Deg umyager-nnes awalan d tɣemsa taɣelnawt ay d-iɛeddan ass n usamas deg tregwa n tliẓrit d ṛṛadyu tiɣelnawi d tusligin, yenna-d uselway Tebboune: « Ad mmirweɣ akken ad rnuɣ tilawiyin d tekfi n trebbawt, ladɣa imi tinudaf tidrimanin n tmurt rnant ».
Iwekked-d uselway n tegduda dakken awanak yekkat, imir-a, akken ad d-yerr agemmir i uɣerman yernu ad as-t-yeḥrez, am wakken ay d-yerna dakken iɣtasen-a llan-d deg ukatar n usaḍuf n tedrimt n 2023 aydeg terna tenqiḍt tanmatart akken ad taweḍ ɣer uswir meɛqulen.
I lmend n waya, ixebber-d daɣ dakken « timerniwt n tlawiyin ad ternu s yiwen kan n uɣtas niɣ cwiṭ, cwiṭ, s teɣzef n useggas », am wakken ay d-yerna dakken yessefk ad ttwaddmen wakaten d iseddiyen akken maci d asedger n umaduf ara d-yilin, imi aya yezmer ad d-yesseɣnew tuffut.
Yerna-d uselway n tegduda dakken iketturen ay tesɛa Zzayer ad tt-ǧǧen ad as-tessali, s wakat alemmas, azal-nnes i udinaṛ.


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Isem: Adiós Carmen.
Asegg°as n wufuɣ: 08 Dujembar 2013
Asufeɣ d Tira: Mohamed Amin Benamraoui
Afares: Mohamed Amin Benamraoui & Mohamed Bouzaggou
Rirart: Ufrin (Mesṭafa Zzerwali), Saɛid Lmersi, Paulina Gálvez, Benjalil Amanallah, Yusra Tariq, Numidiya Leḥmidi, Ɛebdellah Anas, Faruq Aznabeṭ d Juan Estelrich Revesz
Akud: 103 min.
Akatiguri: Drama
Ijt Tɛiraqit, wer tessin Tmaziɣt, maca ileqf-it ufilem ɣer wul !
D tiwalatin d tuqlilin mani aydud i dd-yusin ad ifurrej iccat tacerrift d tazegrart i ca n ufilem deg wemsagar ittwaggen di Ddaxla n sini. Aydud iffeɣ d netta ittharred x tmeẓra-nni (les séquences) tisebḥanin n uḥenjir nni umi qqaren « Ɛmar » di tḥajit-nnes aked ijt Tespanyut umi qqaren « Carmen ». Aḥenjir-a ittxes aṭṭas ad ifurrej di pilikulat tihindawyin. Ijjen tnaẓurt d Taɛiraqit teḥḍar deg wemsagar-nni. Nettat wer tefehhem bu i Tmaziɣt i zi issawal ufilem, wer tefhim ula i Tefransist i ɣa ttwassuɣlen imsawalen-nnes. Waxxa amenni, tenna ila teẓra ijjen zeg ifilmawen isebḥanen qqaɛ zegga ttyarita. Ij n ufilem wer yeḥwij la aturjem la i wefham n imsawalen-nnes. Ijjen ufilem yettḥwaja ijjen lxaḍar yessfa maḥend bnadem ad dag-s iẓẓu waẓẓli asini.
Merra ttrajan ila afilem ggur ad dd-yawi tasemɣurt tameqqrant deg wemsagar-nni. D netta ttuɣa ittemḥizwar akid-s ijjen ufilem d Afalasṭini « Ɛumar ». I ttuɣa immersen zeg ifilmawen isebḥanen i ɣa awin uskar n ufilem aberrani. Mamec ttuɣa ittemḥizwar ula aked ufilem Ameɣrabi « imesli innuffren », ameggaru-ya i dd-iwwin aṭṭas n tsemɣurin deg imsagaren n sini.
Maca « Adiós Carmen » n Muḥemmed Amin Benɛemrawi, amec inna Muḥemmed Berrada. Iwweḍ ad issreɣ tifawin x ij n twacunt tettedder di tili, isgeɛɛed-itt ɣer ijjen weswir n anefgan yuɛɛla, yeccna. Iwweḍ ɛawed, ad aneɣ-dd-immel tasɣunt-nni ismunan jar ij n uḥenjir d Arifi aked ijjen temɣart d Taspanyut. Manaya x webrid n ca n ifilmawen d ihindawiyen i izedɣen tawengimt n ijjen wezgen d ameqqran n iwdan ittexsen sini di Lmuɣrib.
Deg ufilem-a mquddan inaẓuren Irifiyen aked Ispuniya
Jjehd n ufilem n «Adiós Carmen » yewwi-it-id zeg waṭṭas n tmeslayin imsebḍan. Zzag-sent Amanallah Benjilali i yiraren taberza n ufilem-a. Ameggaru-ya irar ijjen uḥenjir d Arifi, iḥegger-it Ɛziz-s i yellan d askayri. Mamec ttuɣa yemma-s wer telli aked uɣezdis-nnes ig isafaren ɣer Beljika d ttaɛeddu n yeqqrinen-nnes i x-as tteggen. Ttwalan-t d ijjen d akubarḍi waha. « Ɛmar » wer iwweḍ ca waha ad aneɣ-issides ɣer mamec ttuɣa tteddren aṭṭas n iḥenjiren Irifiyen. Maca nettat irar tilalt-nnes s waṭṭas n twacitin, axmi ittic-aneɣ-dd min x-as ittekken di tudert-nnes n lebda.
Mala nekker a nessiwel x artistat i yiraren tilalt n ufilem, wer nzemmer a nenḍu x Paulina Gálvez i yiraren « Carmen » s waṭṭas n tiɣist. Tirar ijjen Tespanyut tmell ajiniral « Franco » ar mani tufa ixef-nnes tettxes ijjen iɛeddel backlayeṭ. Danita « Ɛmar » d netta i yellan d areqqas jer-asen. Aked manaya, nettaf Saɛid Lmersi i yiraren d Ɛziz-s n « Ɛmar ». D ijjen bnadem ig itteggen ddenf la x temɣarin la x iḥenjiren. Aked ij n tjemmujt n inaẓuren i daneɣ-dd-isseɛdan afilem-a ittudumen s waẓẓli. Wer nzemmer a nettu ɛawed imeddukal n « Ɛmar » i yekksen tduli x taqsuḥi i yellan deg izubaq.
Aṭṭas n isental.. Mxumblen !
Pilikula-ya walli teqqim ɣer min ismun « Ɛmar » d « Carmen » waha. Maca issreɣ tifawin x mamec ttuɣa ij n ubilaj d Arifi imsurruf aked tecli tazegzawt (1975). Agdud n Sini i di txeddem « Carmen » ad iqqen ijjen ufayyu d atiqni i tegga aked tecli tazegzawt. Ula kṭer wami ttuɣa txes ad tesseɛda lexbar (Sini di lweqt-nni ila isɛedda-dd lexburat). Fayyu-nni atiqni i tegga « Carmen » ila ttɣilen inni ig iḥḍaren di sini ila teggi-t s neɛmada bac ad zzag-sen terr lḥarr zeɛma.
Amaysṭru ; Muḥemmed Amin Benɛemrawi
Afilem ittawi-dd jjehd-nnes ɛawed zeg usufeɣ asebḥan i das-igga Muḥemmed Amin Benɛemrawi, argaz-a Arifi i daneɣ-dd-isewwaren ijjen tecwiḥt zi twengimt n temẓi-nnes qbel ma ad iraḥ ɣer Biljik mani yeɣa, yexdem di Sini. Awern-as ad aneɣ-dd-ixdem aṭṭas n ifilmawen d imeẓẓyanen d ifarasen n ttlibizyu. Ar mani ibda ittxarres ad yexdem x ufilem-nnes azegrar amezwaru umi qqaren «Adiós Carmen » . Lxedmet-a ixedm-itt s ca n tzemmar d tiquḍaḍin, s ca n inaẓuren ca zzag-sen ttuɣa ittirar deg umezgun, ca zzag-sen twalat tamezwarut i ɣa msurrufen aked Kamira. Merra manaya aked ijjen tenfust tecna, d waṭṭas n twacitin di lxedmet n mkul anaẓur.
Wer nzemmer a nessiwel ɛawed x waẓẓli n ufilem bla ma ad nedwel ɣer tmeẓra n ufilem-nni ahindawi i di ttuɣa ittfurruj « Ɛmar » s tiṭṭawin hrubbzent-id s imeṭṭawen. Uca yettɛawad tḥajit n pilikula i umeddukel-nnes i ttuɣa ittɛessasen x backliṭat. Di lweqt-nni Irifiyen ttuɣa ḥeffḍen merra ifilmawen-nni s wul. Aṭṭas ttuɣa ttekritikan ddegg-a n ifilmawen-a minzi ccuren s « milu-drama » d twacitin. Maca waxxa amenni, qa ttuɣa ssidfen-d cwayt n ttmenyat x aytbab n sinit, mamec wwḍen ad saqaren ijjen twengimt n sini i waṭṭas n Irifiyen. Zzag-sen Muḥemmed Amin Benɛmrawi, i isufran aṭṭas maḥend ad d-yawi lḥeqq i zi ɣa issxdem ddegg-a n tmeẓra Tihindawiyin, minzi bla ddegg-a n tmeẓra n ufilem, ad tili asinaryu d aneqsi.
« Ɛmar » ad ixeyyeq xmi i das ɣa tini « Carmen » ila iggur ad teɛqeb ɣer Spaniya zegga immut Franco. Axeyyeq n « Ɛmar » maci s minzi tameddukelt-nnes tugur, minzi ca n twalatin ttuɣa wer ittif min ɣa yecc, maca ɛawed ixeyyeq minzi axxam-nni n sini mani tuɣa txeddem Carmen wer iqqim. Mani « Ɛmar » wer yeqqim ad yaf riqqi-nnes deg ifilmawen i ttuɣa i d-sɛeddan. S uya, ttuɣa « Ɛmar » wer yeḥḍar wami ttuɣa txes Carmen ad tugur, minzi tejja deg wul-nnes ijjen uyezzim, ula kṭer zegga traḥ yemma-s ɣer Uruppa.
Ijjen usinaryu issbeḥ, asufeɣ yecna, lxedmet qelɛen-as-dd nnefs, d tiḥuja n ufilem mxumblent d tmusiqt d aweḍḍar… Aṭṭas n wudmawen n waẓẓli i izemmer bnadem ad yaf di « Adios Carmen », ḥuma ad yili maca zeg iflmawen Imeɣrabiyen isebḥanen qqaɛ, maca idwel d ddsas n sini Tarifit. Manaya, d ddfqel x weɛrur n umessufeɣ mani i das-ixess ad ifekker ad aneɣ-dd-iwwec ij n ufilem nniḍen yecna, yessbeḥ kṭer.
Γer ɛawed: Amẓiwen – Monsters: Film n Aksel Rifman
Amegraḍ yettwaksi-d zi tira n Smaɛil Eezzam (Hespress)


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Ixbulen iberkanen, zi twafitin timeqqranin min xef xeddmen imussnawen maḥend ad asent-afen ca n ufessay. Amenɛad ɛad, imussnawen ufin belli tnayen n ixublen mmelqan aked wayawya. Ca zzag-sen nnan belli qa d manaya wer yemsir zeg wami yuqeɛ « uḍuqqez aqemqam ».
Ijjen temsart (événement) d tasṭrunumit ɛemmers wer tuqiɛ. Ammu i x-as inna Allen Weinstein, amussnaw n tesṭrunumit deg usinag n Kalifurniya n tetiknulujiyt deg ij n wemsawal i yegga aked tesɣunt tamassant Tamarikant « Popular Science » mani i yenna « wa d aḍuqqeẓ ameqqran min ked mseddaren iwdan zeg wami yemsar uḍuqqeẓ aqemqam (Big bang) ». Wa d awal ig yenna Weinstein, minzi netta aqqa-t di tseḍma tamassant i yufin amelqi n tnayen-a n ixbulen iberkanen iqemqamen. Manaya ad iɛawen kṭer ḥuma ad fehmen mamec yegga weɣraḍ (univers) amek i t-nessen yiḍ-a. Amelqi n wefsay n tnayen n ixbulen iberkanen yemsar ca n sebɛa meliyar iseggusa n tfawt x tmurt. D ij n uzaru (distance), ula d alli n bnadem wer izemmer ad tt-ixayel. Amladaf n tnayen-a n tseqqiḍin (les corps) timɣraḍin tiqemqamin yewwec-aneɣ-dd ij n wexbul d aberkan d aqemqam. Mayen i dd-ixelqen ij n yinirji yemɣer s waṭṭas, isnhezz tracca tansakudt (espace-temps) n weɣraḍ. Ansakud d ij n wawal i ysxeddamen ifiziyawiyen ssadafen dag-s ilagg°ajen (les dimensions) n (Akud d wensa), nzemmar ad x-as nini ila netta d ij n usayrar (espace) dag-s rebɛa n wagg°ajen (Agg°ajen n wemkan s tlata, dag-s tuzzeggerdt, tiriwt, luɛla aked zzman). Taṭiyurit n trulativit n Einstein tettwala ila ansakud igga acnaw ij n uẓeṭṭa niɣ d tracca tkessi kulci deg weɣrad, wer dag-s la d ij n ḥajet ɣer berra-nnes.
Imussnawen wwḍen ad ssnen tamsart-a tameɣradt tameqqrant zi tmurt, mani tracca tansakudt tnhezz, tiriw uca bbanent-id ca n tesfay jebbdent wwḍent-id ar tmurt. Wer din bu ca n ufuṭu i ddegg-a n uḍuqqez, maca imerzuten wwḍen ad ssnen ẓẓga d ddriz i dd-yusin awerni i uḍuqqeẓ-a amqemqam, ameggaru-ya ggin-as isem n « GW190521 », ahezzi-ya yekka ij n lɛucur n tsigundin, imerzuten ttuɣa qqaɛ wer t-ttrijin.
Tinitin n weɣrad – afsay n tnayen iqemqamen d iberkanen
Ixbulen iberkanen d ca n tseqqiḍin d timeɣraḍin, ttilint xmi i xessyen itran imeqqranen, ittreddaj weɣyay-nnsen. Imussnawen sfarrazen jar tlata n markat n ixbulen iberkanen : ameẓẓyan-nnsen i yettilin xmi ittreddaj ujebbed n ij n yitri. Din ixubulen iberkanen imeqqranen iqemqamen, ina ggin am uxbul aberkan i yellan di lwesṭ n ugalaksi-nneɣ (ttebbana) i yegg°jen s ca n 26 alef useggas n tfawt x tmurt. Netta d ij n wexbul iwezzen rebɛa imelyunen kṭer zi tfukt. Mamec din ɛawed ixbulen d iberkanen d imjahdiyen, i ttuɣa wwḍen ad ten-ssnen imussnawen n tseṭrunumt. Ixublen iberkanen dag-sen ijjen tmeḍlawt (densité) d tameqqrant d ij n jjehd n ujebbed d aqemqam, wer ttejjin la d ij n ḥajet ad tenneflet waxxa d tesfay tiliktrumagnitiyin (électromagnétiques) am tfawt, s uya i dd-ittban ibberken.
Yenna-dd jjurnal amassan « Frankfurter neue presse» (27 Abril 2021) belli « min illan d jjdid ɣer imussnawen twalat-a umi ddqel n ixbulen iberkanen immelqan ttuɣa-ten deg ij n waddad ttsemman-as s tmessna « tyuya i wer imquddin » maca waxxa amenni, nettaf lewzen-nnsen iwweḍ ad yili s 85 ḍubli i min twezzen tfukt ». iydar-dd Allen Weinstein belli itri i iweṭṭan ixess wer dd-ittsiqir ca n uxbul d aberkan jar 65 ar 120 n min twezzen tfukt. Manaya minzi itran imeqqranen weṭṭan awerni i « Supernova ». Axbul aberkan ttuɣa-t d ij n yitri ittreddaj minzi tili iɣasṭar marra jjehd-nnes uca ittkemmel s uḍuqqeẓ ameqqran (Supernova). Uca agudi (masse) ittneyraw x weɣyay –nnes amezwaru, xenni ijebbed-dd merra min yudsen. Allen Weinstein yettwala ila ixbulen iberkanen i yefsusen ttemladafen d amezwaru aked ugudi n yitran, ttemluṭṭufen jar-asen ar ɣa dewlen d ijjen n wexbul d aberkan d aqemqam.
imussnawen wwḍen ad sewwaren ij n wexbul d aberkan
Mamec ttilin ixbulen iberkanen deg weɣraḍ? D min snuffuren qaɛ d mamec yettili wejbad-nni ameqqran mani mamec tegga ca n ḥajet wer tzemmer i walu zzat-s xelli d tfawt ? Deg useggas n 2019, amaḍal innebheḍ zzat i « ufuṭu amezwaru » deg umezruy, mani iwweḍ bnadem ad t-igg i uxbul. D ij n tseddit aked ṭṭiya d aleccini, azeggaɣ, i yellan d tili n ugudi n ugalaksi n M78 i yegg°jen x tmurt s ca n 55 melyun useggas n tfawt. Ddegg-a n usewwar yemsar s tracca n ca n itiliskupiyen i yellan mani mma di tmurt, mani jemɛen ineɣmisen-nni awerni i iseggusa n wefsay qbel i ma ad ɣa saqaren fuṭu-ya. S ij n lmeɛna nniḍen, fuṭu-ya d yus-d awerni aṭṭas n leḥsabat i yemxumblen, wer t-ggin ca nican amec tteggen ifuṭuten n i yellan nurmal.
X manaya yura « frankfurter neue presse» (24 Mares 2021) belli « tussna n usayrar amagniti ɣer-s lhimmet d tameqqrant ḥuma a nefhem mamec tettmsurruf tametta (matière) x tma n uxbul aberkan, mani i tettili ijjen plasma dag-s trisinti, tḍeffar asayrar amagniti deg unhezzi-nnes alaḥsab ca n izerfan n ddinamika n trisinti. Maca qa ɛad din ca n iseqsan min xef ixess ad asen-afen timrarutin, minzi ixbulen iberkanen ssekkan tisfayt d tiqemqamin n tmetta ».
Deg wul n igalaksiyen – ixbulen d iberkanen ggin am imuṭuren imagniten
S llilet, xminni bnadem ittmuqqul mliḥ deg ujenna, ittɣima irẓem aqemmuc-nnes ɣer tiriwt n weɣrad, yeggin acnaw ijjen lebḥer n tfawt yersa, itticen ca n teycatin n lehna d wefra. Maca deg wul n ugalaksi-nneɣ d igalaksiyen nniḍen yennuffer ij n wemẓiw iserreḍ merra itran, d mamec mma yegga ca n usegnu n ugaz. Ad ten-isreḍ, ad ten-issidef deg ijjen wagg°aj d ansakud, ḥekkmen-t izerfan ifiziyawiyen ɛad wer wwiḍen ad ten-ssnen imussnawen s merra. Aqqa ixbulen iberkanen i yellan deg wammas n igalaksiyen iwezzen ugudi-nnsen kṭer s imelyaren n twalatin zeg ugudi n tfukt. Maca waxxa din tizemmar-a timassanin, maca ɛad wer ssinen walu x min din awerni i yexbulen iberkanen i iserrḍen kucci.
Einstein yeqqar ila aqqa agudi ideqqsen izemmar ad yaweḍ ad « iceyyen » niɣ ad « ireẓ » ansakud. S uya ad igg axbul d aberkan. Ttsemman igmiren n wemkan mani wer izemmer ḥedd ad zzag-s irwel zeg wejbad n wexbul aberkan s yisem n « tiriwt n temsart ». Maḥend ad ẓwan tiriwt-a n tamsart, ataf ittejja later x tseqqiḍt mamec tegga.
Tlalit n igalaksiyen – twalat n tracca n ugaz n uhiḍrujin
Ttwalan imussnawen ila aɣraḍ-a ɣer-s 13.8 n melyar useggas. Wwḍen ad ssersen imussnawen ij n ufuṭu araḥar yekmer x weɣraḍ i ttuɣa yalleh mamec i dd-ilul, d mamec tettwagg ijj n tracca n artila s ifilan n ugaz n uhiḍrujin i zi ttwaggen igalaksiyen amec i ten-nessen yiḍ-a. Ttwalan imussnawen ila gaz-nni yegga am ijen n lisans i zi ttwaggen itran i idewlen d ixbulen d iberkanen wami reddjen. Itran ttnejmaɛen jar-asen ḥuma ad saqaren igalaksiyen. Ij n tɣuri tettwafser di tesɣunt n « Astronomy and astrophysics » (18 Mars 2021) temmel-dd ij n ufuṭu xedmen-t ca n imussnawen immal-d lallaɣ n weɣraḍ s ij n utiliskup qqaren-as Hubble.
Γer ɛawed : Ajenna s kamira: umi qqaren cwayt n ttsawar!


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TAMURT – Aggur nni iɛeddan, subbeɣ ɣer yiwen n ukimirsi, yeznuzun lɛic n iyuzaḍ. Akumirsi yagi n dagi kan, n tɣiwant tama n Uẓeffun. Ufiɣen din yiwen n uxeddam, di ṣṣifa-s ittcabi d aqbayli, maca s taɛrabt-kan i yettmeslay. Sutreɣ akumirsi yagi akken a yid-yewzen kra n temẓin « d lalima » n iyuzaḍ.
Mi i iruḥ ad ikmanddi ayen is-sutreɣ, issawel i wxeddam-is akken a ten-id-yewzen. Kra n ddqayeq-kan, hatay iwwi-d timẓin d lalima i yas-kmanddiɣ. Axeddam, as-tiniḍ nneɣ, maca ittmeslay s tegnawit kan, am ṭṭaqa deg izayriyen imsɛarben. Ihi, sutreɣ deg umɛallem nni i ssneɣ u ssneɣ imawlan-is, d mmi-s n Saɛid n Ḥend n Ijaremnana. Ihi, nniɣ-as: « A mmi-s n Saɛid n Ḥend, ilaq-ak axeddam agi inek as-tettmeslayeḍ s teqbaylit, s tmaziɣt, acku mačči d kečč ara s-yeknun akken ad stheddreḍ s tegnawit-is ». Netta yerra-yi-d: « Aaah, d awezɣi ad xedmeɣ anect-a » ! Nekk dinna-kan susem-ɣ, ur yi-d-yuli wawal.
Senddiḍelli, uɣaleɣ ɣur-s akken ad d-awiɣ kra n temẓin d lalima. Ufiɣ axeddam nni n tikelt tamenzut, ulac-it, maca illa yiwen n waɛrab nniḍen di berra, ittmeslay-d d umɛallem agi s taɛrabt. Dɣa neṭqeɣ ar ɣur-s, nniɣ-as: « A mmi-s n Saɛid n Ḥend, ma d axeddam-ik waɛrab-agi » ? Inna-k, « Mdah, d abrid-kan i t-id-iwwin ar dagi ». S yenna ak-in, yuẓa wemɛallem ar yiwen ddipu (dépôt) anida tella selɛa. Dinna, xeddmen sin d iberkanen n Tferka, waqila ma ur yiǧǧa yara Rebbi ad skiddbeɣ, n tmurt n Lmali neɣ n Niger.
Ttusemman d wigi n saḥel. Maɛna, d acu iyi-s wehmen imi amɛallem issawel-asen s teqbaylit, mačči s taɛrabt am akken i ixeddem yagi mara yili d imsɛarben n Tefriqt Ugafa. Dinna, ma tumnem-iyi ar qimeɣ cexseɣ (ebahis, surpis). Imaren, neṭqeɣ ar umɛallem, nniɣ-as ma ssnen aɛni taqbaylit ? Inna-k, « Ih, ssnen… » ! Dɣa, nniɣ-as diɣen : « Twalaḍ tura,
wigi hatnad lemmden tameslayt nneɣ, ma ticki d imsɛarben, ugin-tt ».
« Tfaqeḍ tura d akken d azɣuzer i izedɣen ulawen-nsen ɣef ayen yaɛnan tutlayt nneɣ taqbaylit, tmazaziɣt neɣ mdah » ? Inna-k : « Ih, s tidett d ayen yellan »!
Ay atmaten, ilaq tura ad d-llim allen nwen, ma tebɣam a nemnaɛet tameslayt nneɣ si nnger itt-yettrajun, ur ilaq ara a nheddret taɛrabt d wigi yugin ad llemden tutlayt nneɣ . Ilaq Aqbayli, anida yella, mara t-yessemlil Yillu d yiwen d Aɛrab neɣ d imsaɛreb ad ittmeslay s teqbaylit, mačči s taɛrabt a lmumniiin » ! Wali-t-kan : « Amek, kečč d amɛellem u d kečč ara yettmeslayen tutlayt n uxeddam-ik » ? « U yerna d kečč is-yefkan lɛic n warraw-is » ? Tagi ilaq ad twalim anagar
Iqbayliyen d Imaziɣen sumata i ixeddmen akka. Ihi, ilaq yal amɛallem ara yesxedmen Aɛrab neɣ amuɣrabi, tamuɣrabit, ilaq ma ur ittmeslay ara taqbaylit, ur t-ittebbuci yara. Ini-t iyi-d ma arumi, aspegnuli, aṭelyani, atg,…di tmurt-nsen ma yella ur tessineḍ ara tutlayt-nsen ma ak-bbucin ? D awezɣi ! Aqbayli mara t-isexdem imsaɛreb ma ur yessin ara taɛrabt, ini-t iyi-d ma at-yessexdem neɣ mdah ? Ur t-issex-dam-ara ! Yernu ulac win ara k-yinin d azɣuzer anect-a.
Teẓram d akken di tmurt Tabbaskit (pays basque), deg iseggasen nni n 70, yagi imɛallmen ibaskiwen ur ttebbucin ara axeddam anagar widak i yessnen tameslayt tabaskit. Deg useggas n 1976, ruḥen ar Bilgik (Belgique) krad n Iqbayliyen ar tmurt nni ad merḥen kran nwussan. Akken kecmen ar tfiddiralit n Biljik, muqlen iṣub ureqqas n lisans. Lpunpa tamenzut i d-mmugren, kecmen ad d-ɛammren arizirvwar. Di talit nni, mazal di l’Europe d imdanen i yesserbayen lisans i lpupat. Akken qaɛden takkerrust ad ɛammren lisans, hattay teffeɣ-d yiwet n tmeṭṭut deg yiwen n lbiru.
Tusa-d ar ɣur-sen, kra n tmeṭṭut ttaččurant ad ibarek Yillu si tuzert, aɛebbuḍ-is yeffeɣ-d ar zzat am tkufit, tleḥḥu s tesbictix (pas de canard), tawjiyin-is tizeggaɣin am ṛemman. Ilmeẓyen Iqbayliyen lsan akken iwata, acebbub armi d tuyat, ad as-tiniḍ d icennayen nni imarikaniyen i nettwali tiliẓriwat n umaḍal. Dɣa, yenṭeq yiwen n Uqbayli ar tmeṭṭut tapumpist, yenna s terfansist : « ɛemmraɣ-id lisans n sipir, xedm-as leplin a Madame, tanmirt-im » !
Tameṭṭut, nettat yuɣ lḥal d taflamant (flamande), dɣa imiren-kan, taflamant tesggannez aqerruy-is (se pancher) akken ad twali lmatrikul n ṭumubil, dɣa tenṭeq ar warrac nni tenna: « Teẓram, lukan lmatrikul-nwen d tin n Biljik, ur ken-inheddreɣ ara s tefransist, anagar s teflamant, acku aqla-ken di tfidiralit n taflamant ». Ihi, ay Iqbayliyen a Tiqbayliyin, ay Imaziɣen a Timaziɣin, nnaɣet ɣef tutlayt-nwen anida i tellam, ma tebɣam ad tesɛum amkan nwen deg umaḍal mačči ddaw n tmedlin.
Expression du jour :
* « Quand un peuple tombe esclave, s’il parle sa langue c’est comme s’il détient les clefs de sa prison ». Alphonse Daudet (les contes du lundi.)
Hand Berkouk


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Imrigen n tredsa ttwawehhan kan i umzaɣ n tnaya taɣelnawtAkwas, 07 Yulyu 2022 11:50
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Iwekked-d uɣella n umaddad n Tredsa Taɣelnawt Taɣerfant, Said Chanegriha, dakken imrigen n tredsa ttwawehhan ala i umzaɣ n Zzayer d tnaya-nnes taɣelnawt d usdusu n talwit d urkad deg umaḍal ddaw leɛnaya n Yiɣlanen Yeddukklen. Yenna-d Mass Chanegriha awal-nnes i lmend n tfugla n userhu n yikataren d yimahalen n Tredsa Taɣelnawt Taɣerfant ay iderwen deg umsudeɣ aredsan ay d-yellan i lmend n usfugel n umulli wis 60 n uzarug, ɣef wakken ay d-yenna yiwen n ulɣu n uɣlif n umzaɣ aɣelnaw.


text:
Amyawad n yîd
Mohamed Oudmine Ziri
… Ssexsi tifawt ! Tenna iyyi t id gh umezzugh inw tsemed awal nes s imik n tâdêsâ ifssusen ar as ukan ttales teghlaghalt gh imezgan inw, nnigh as ad sul ur talset i tguri nna, hati iggut ma d fellam izrin d tillas ! Is ra d tezzrit tudert nem akw gh tillas n tillas ! Tenna iyyi tillas agh d rêzêmgh allen inw, tillas agh d nekergh. Meqqar d azênzâr n tidt [1] ar t in ssentalen s tallunt, ur ran ad agh d ilkem ! Ran gigh ad ka nesdelfu gh tillas. Nnigh as tillas is agh ssiwident ur nnigh amar gh gizent rêzêmgh allen, ar iyyi d sekwtayent asemdêl.
Yîd anen n unebdu [5] wizûgen [6] k ad îrzân ifessi [7] lligh innudâ, idru didengh iwiz s yan mamek ! Ar aghd ilkkem uzâwan nes gh tmaggugt. Yat gh gis semmuddigh asemmaqqel, yat gh t giti tsemmudda ig uzmummeg areqqas ger wulawen. Necabbaken idûdân nedder nen gh ilallen [8] n twargiwin d tnuflayt [9] ur ilin ttemi, ayyur k ad agh issuggan.
Mmaqqarent tanfurin mmeckelen walsiwen ilàh agh s sin ! Nemmudda nenghubu gh ubrid n tayri, nelluzza gh teswak n tghufi. Mar ad agh igru ! Mar ad agh ignu ! Mar ad agh ismun ! Mar ad agh d irar ad neg mekelli y adelli nega ! Manik ad temmimet atayri ! Manik ad adêfuten wadân nem !
Azemz ann ttugh mad righ, ttugh mad gigh, ttugh man adghar gh lligh, righ ad ddergh akud anen s kra giti illan usyafa [10] idran d tufrayt nen bahra idran, righ ad yighzif uzemz anen ad ur isemd, akud anen ka d tessengh tadêfi n tudert d umareg n tayri, d watig n kera yâden ur t akw ssengh !!
Nnigh as yak ur kem tegwrâz atanirt lligh sul fellagh tergha tifawt ? Tenna iyyi tessent a ziri manik ad dari tegit. Tessent is rad iyyi ur tigwrîz gh kra dik zzrigh ula kra rad dik skergh. Acku ikennu n iman inw d mummu n tîtt inw ad tegit. Tenna iyyi tawtemt ur jjun d nettat ad iran tillas, is t helli gis gan teg tamyuret issekraf i twargiwin nes, tawtemt ur agh ttafi agayyu nes amer gh tifawt, is ka temmra [11] tittît n tamyurt acku ar ttinin willi zerinin - kkes meyur ad iceqqan ur d meyur- tsemed awal nes tenna iyyi iqqan d ad tebbi tewtemt isskraf n tillas tedru tiderfit d urgaz, iqqan d ad tamêz afus urgaz gin yan gh ubrid n telelli [12], tenna d tiguriwin ad s yat terêzêgi n akw ur intilen. Nnigh as teghwzânt atanirt iqqand i tuwtemt ad tssukwf tigusin n tedallit temmagh ad teg agayyu nes, ad sul ur teg amer agayyu nes. Ad asen ghas ur teg ghikelli giz ran ad t teg !
Teqqen tiwallin nes terêzêm tent tezmummeg yan uzmummeg mu ur intill w ammak nes, hèllilgh t sellfegh i temggêrt nes sellfegh i tghallin nes, idmaren nes agh a iyyi yakka wafa i wayyâd. Jelligh idûdân gh wazbalen n ugayyu nes, azzar nes ingi helli zun d imuzzar…
Mmeckeln idârên d tedârîn, mmeckelen nen walsiwen gh jaj [13] n imawen, ikcem kra gh kra nejlu gh ubrid ar nefttu ar d nettadû aylligh nellil s tidi, imik s igh n tebbaqqa tendra gh igenna…
Maxx lligh ad ur temunt a tanedra n tezâga d imettâwen n tumert [14] ?!
Mmaqqarent tanfurin mmeckelen walsiwen ilàh agh s sin ! Nemmudda nenghubu gh ubrid n tayri, nelluzza gh teswak n tghufi. Mar ad agh igru ! Mar ad agh ignu ! Mar ad agh ismun ! Mar ad agh d irar ad neg mekelli y adelli nega ! Manik ad temmimet atayri ! Manik ad adêfuten wadân nem !
Azemz ann ttugh mad righ, ttugh mad gigh, ttugh man adghar gh lligh, righ ad ddergh akud anen s kra giti illan usyafa [10] idran d tufrayt nen bahra idran, righ ad yighzif uzemz anen ad ur isemd, akud anen ka d tessengh tadêfi n tudert d umareg n tayri, d watig n kera yâden ur t akw ssengh !!
Nnigh as yak ur kem tegwrâz atanirt lligh sul fellagh tergha tifawt ? Tenna iyyi tessent a ziri manik ad dari tegit. Tessent is rad iyyi ur tigwrîz gh kra dik zzrigh ula kra rad dik skergh. Acku ikennu n iman inw d mummu n tîtt inw ad tegit. Tenna iyyi tawtemt ur jjun d nettat ad iran tillas, is t helli gis gan teg tamyuret issekraf i twargiwin nes, tawtemt ur agh ttafi agayyu nes amer gh tifawt, is ka temmra [11] tittît n tamyurt acku ar ttinin willi zerinin - kkes meyur ad iceqqan ur d meyur- tsemed awal nes tenna iyyi iqqan d ad tebbi tewtemt isskraf n tillas tedru tiderfit d urgaz, iqqan d ad tamêz afus urgaz gin yan gh ubrid n telelli [12], tenna d tiguriwin ad s yat terêzêgi n akw ur intilen. Nnigh as teghwzânt atanirt iqqand i tuwtemt ad tssukwf tigusin n tedallit temmagh ad teg agayyu nes, ad sul ur teg amer agayyu nes. Ad asen ghas ur teg ghikelli giz ran ad t teg !
Teqqen tiwallin nes terêzêm tent tezmummeg yan uzmummeg mu ur intill w ammak nes, hèllilgh t sellfegh i temggêrt nes sellfegh i tghallin nes, idmaren nes agh a iyyi yakka wafa i wayyâd. Jelligh idûdân gh wazbalen n ugayyu nes, azzar nes ingi helli zun d imuzzar…
Mmeckeln idârên d tedârîn, mmeckelen nen walsiwen gh jaj [13] n imawen, ikcem kra gh kra nejlu gh ubrid ar nefttu ar d nettadû aylligh nellil s tidi, imik s igh n tebbaqqa tendra gh igenna…
Maxx lligh ad ur temunt a tanedra n tezâga d imettâwen n tumert [14] ?!
Amawal
- Tidt : vérité.
- Astan : réponse.
- Tagziwin : ufuren, ayelli n ihêdân, secrets.
- Azmummeg : sourire.
- Anebdu : l’été.
- Wizûgen : la cigale.
- Ifessi : le calme.
- Ilallen : yan nes ill, igirw, la mer.
- Tanuflayt : bonheur.
- Asyafa : tufrayt, sentiment.
- Temmra : tceqqa, (il est difficile).
- Tilelli : tiderfit, liberté.
- Jaj : agwens, (à l’intérieur).
- Tumert : la joie.


text:
Amǧahed Aknouche Messaoud, i wumi ttinin « Mohamed Bouachrine », d yiwen seg gar wid imenɛen seg unṭad n tdusiwin tihersanin, yenna-d dakken yecfa i « yikkeḍ » n temzelt-a i « d iḥettmen ɣef yimenzaḍen n Tredsa n uslelli akken ad fernen yiwen n usuddes asetratijan n yidurran-is akken ad zemren ad menɛen seg « wahes ».
Ɣas akken temɣer-is akked wayen i yis-s i d-tegla n lexṣara, tamzelt « Jumelles » i icar, 63 n yiseggasen aya, ujiniral Challe, ladɣa deg ugezdu wis III amazray, « imnaɣen n Tredsa n uslelli aɣelnaw ssawḍen akken ad d-awin tirennawin », i d-yenna.
« Newwi-d tirennawin timeqqranin deg wennar seg i nga timiwtiwin tisaḍanin deg Tmellaḥt (Aḥnif), deg Aẓru n Tseddart (at Mensuṛ) akked Lkaf n Taṛust deg Aǧiba », i d-yemmekti. « Ierdasen n ucengu, s umḍan ameqqran, ččan tiɣrit ula d nitni, ɣas akken ula d nekni, yal tikkelt, ttmettaten-aɣ yimǧuhad deg temzelt i aɣ-yeslemden akken ad nales ugar i usuddes akken ad nessenɣes i txessaṛt-nneɣ », i yerna inagi-d Si Bouachrine.
Amǧahed-a aqbur, assa ila deg leɛmer-is 90 n yiseggasen, yerna yeḥka-d, yenna-d dakken smemmin tgezmiwin akked tkebbaniyin yemgarden n Tredsa n uslelli aɣelnaw, yiwen n unagraw n usuddes iṛuḥen d tigrawin timejṭaḥ, leḥḥun deg yiḍ s tɛessast tameqqrant akken ad rewlen i usefqed n tredsa tamhersant.
Yerna ikemmel-d awal-is, yenna-d Bouachrine dakken takebbanit-is deg-s kraḍ tgezmiwin, yal tigezmi deg-s 35 n yimnaɣen s wid yesɛan asellun neɣ ulac. « I wakken ad nezmer ad nqabel tamzelt Jumelles, iɣellaten-nneɣ bḍan yal tigezmi d tigrawin timejṭaḥ n kraḍ ar semmus n yiferdisen i wakken ad nezmer ad nelḥu deg tẓegwa war tamijewt tameqqrant », i d-yenna.
Taɣḍeft akked uguccel akken ad nkemmel amennuɣ
Leḥḥun yimǧuhad deg yiḍ d tigrawin n kraḍ ar semmus n yiferdisen akken ad gen mennaw n tuɣdaḍin, deg yisunen-iḍen, akken ad qḍun tagella-nsen , ad leqḍen umlan neɣ akken ad awin tibraṭin i yimasayen-nsen, i la d-yettmekti umǧahed-a aqbur.
Yewɛer-as ususru i lmend n leɛmer-is, Bouachrine mazal yecfa i tuɣdaḍin timijwin i llan la tteggen deg twala-nni taweɛrant deg temnaḍt n Tmellaḥt yellan d ul n Tredsa n uslelli aɣelnaw n usun-a. « Mennaw n tikkal i menɛeɣ i temzal n ucengu, d kra n teswiɛin n wahes ladɣa mi ara d-serḥen i yisafagen i la d-yeṭṭeggiren fell-aɣ lbumbat », i d-yettmekti.
Yerna yenna-d : « Tamzel Jumelles ur teqbir ara Taredsa n uslelli, maca tefka-yas yiwen n nnefs amaynu akked yiwen n uguccel amaynu. Nella neẓra dakken qrib ad nawi azarug, s ucqirrew n temzelt taredsant n ujiniral Challe, nella numen s trennawt taggarant ».
Ilul ass n 14 furar 1936, yekcem Bouachrine s idurran n Tredsa n uslelli aɣelnaw deg ɣuct 1957 deg temnaḍt n Tmellaḥt, yellan deg usun wis 4 n temnaḍt tis II n ugezdu wis III amazray. Yella d yiwen n umaslaḍ urmid n yiwet n tkebbanit n Tredsa n uslelli i yeṭṭef Afḍis, sakkin Brahim El Mouhli akked Aissa Blindé.
Akk tamnaḍt n Tmellaḥt, Ssaḥariǧ, Imesdurar, Agillal, Semmac, Zriba, at Yeɛla « llan d dduḥ n tegrawla. Deg usun-a i remdeɣ d aserǧan, sakkin d aserǧan aɣella, uɣalen sakkin d ameggi n tuqqna deg temnaḍt n Ḥǧila alamma d tilisa n ugezdu n yimir-a n Temsilt », i d-isegra Bouachrine.
Seg yidis-is, afesyan aqbur n Tredsa n uslelli aɣelnaw, Salah Ouzrourou, yenna-d dakken netta akked yimeddukkal-is ddren, « yiwet n tegnit n dir » deg temzelt n « Jumelle ». « Tessaweḍ-aɣ akken ad nbeddel asuddes n tgezmiwin i nebḍa d tigrawin timejṭaḥ akken ad menɛent seg tdusiwin tihersanin i yeṭuqqten tigawin deg tẓegwa akked yiran n tudrin s tallalt n temsafga akked wallalen iredsanen nniḍen », i d-inagi Mass Ouzrourou, i yeṭṭfen amḍiq n umeggi n tuqqna (1958-1959), sakkin d anedbal amnaḍan seg 1959 ar 1960 deg temnaḍt tis II n usun wis 4 n ugzum wis III amazray.
Ila 81 n yiseggasen deg leɛmer-is, ilul deg temnaḍt n Ɛin Lḥemmam (agezdu n Tizi Wezzu), yemmekta-d Salah Ouzrourou akked wuguren i d-mlalen deg usegrew n tudrin akked yimdanen. « D ayen yellan d aweɛran ad nerr aseɣwen akked tudrin teṭṭef tredsa tamhersant », i la d-yettmekti.
« Iɣellaten-nneɣ umren-aɣ-d akken ad nessenɣes ambiwel anagar mi ara nettwaḥettem, yerna ad nettɛassa akken yessefk, qbel ad nekker, sakkin, ɣer beṭṭu n tgezmiwin d tigrawin timejṭaḥ n 12 n yimǧuhad akken ad zemren ad qablen tamzelt-a ideg d-bran i wugar n 500.000 n yiserdasen ifransiyen i la d-ttallalen wallalen n yisgalfen imeqqranen », i d-yessegzi ufesyan-a aqbur n Tredsa n uslelli aɣelnaw.
Yesseddi-d Si Salah Ouzrourou dakken tasetratijit tamaynut n tegrawin timejṭaḥ ɣɣaren-as daɣen « Azlu » lan iswi n usishel n tikli n yimnaɣen n Tredsa n uslelli aɣelnaw akked mi ara ruḥen ad qḍun tagella akked yiselsa i teyunin yemgarden, akked mi ara gen inṭagen mgal n ucengu.


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Aneẓruf Ameqran
Aneẓruf Ameqran d taneẓruft tameqrant akk deg umaḍal, yezga-d deg ugafa n Tefriqt yerna tajumma-ynes tesduri ugar n 8 n imelyunen n ikilumitren imkuẓen. Aneẓruf Ameqran yeṭṭef akal seg Aṭlas aneẓraf arma d Tafriqt taberkant, seg Ugaraw Aṭlasi arma d Ilel Azeggaɣ. Timura ay yettekkan deg-s nitenti d Amerruk, Aneẓruf Utrim, Dzayer, Tunes, Libya, Maṣer, Sudan, Ččad, Nijir, Mali akked Muriṭanya. Aneẓruf Ameqran d tama yekkawen mliḥ (ala 100 n yimilimitren n wenẓar ay d-yekkaten deg-s yal aseggas), dɣa d aya ay t-yejjan ad yeqqim d akal ur yeṣliḥen i tfellaḥt. Imezdaɣen-nnes zemren ad sfullḥen ala cwiṭ-nni n wakal ay d-yezzin i yimedwen (oasis), anda ay ttɣelliten tizdayin n tini. Ala d Nil ay d asif ameqran ay izegren Aneẓruf.
Talemmast ed wegmuḍ (ccerq) n Uneẓruf Ameqran d akal ɛlayen, yeccuṛ d idraren yerna llan deg-s ula d kra n yiburkanen (Ahaggar, Ayer ed yedraren n Tibesti). Deg ugafa (nord) n Uneẓruf Ameqran, yella yejdi (Areg Ameqran) ed yizuɣar imeqranen yeccuṛen d aẓru. Azal n umelyun ed wezgen n medden ay izedɣen deg Uneẓruf Ameqran. Zik, amur ameqran seg-sen llan d imeksawen imessukal, maca ass-a, tenqes tkessawt deg tama-a, yerna amur ameqran seg yimezdaɣen zedɣen deg yimukan irekden. Tamguri (industrie) icaɛen deg Uneẓruf Ameqran nettat d assuffeɣ n upitṛul ed lgaz.
Tarakalt d tasnakalt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Amezruy[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Aṭas n yeɣsan n yiɣersiwen akked tɣawsiwin ay sqedcen yemdanen n zik ay d-ufan deg Uneẓruf Ameqran, yerna aya yesskanay-d tama-a tella d tazegzawt yerna tejjujjeg deg-s tmeddurt deg tallit n uzarmezruy. Deg tallit n Wegles (Antiquité), Aneẓruf Ameqran yebda yettkaw. Imezdaɣen-nnes ay yellan, naqal, kessen iysan (iɛudiwen), jjan iɣersiwen-a, yerna bdan kessen ileɣman deg lqern wis sin qbel Ɛisa. Seg lqern wis 7 sdeffir Ɛisa, d asawen, bdan Yinselmen keccmen-d ɣer Uneẓruf Ameqran yerna skecmen amur ameqran seg yimezdaɣen-nnes ɣer Lislam. Deg lqern wis 19, Ifṛensisen ssawḍen ad ṭṭfen cwiṭ, cwiṭ, akal n Uneẓruf Ameqran, yerna deg 1894, uwḍen arma ay d Timbuktu (deg Mali). Deg 1884, Ispenyuliyen ṭṭfen akal n Uneẓruf Utrim. Deg 1911-1912, Iṭalyaniyen ṭṭfen Libya. Maca gar 1951 ed 1976, akk timura n Uneẓruf Ameqran ffɣent-tent tmura tuṛufiyin.


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Deg umḥizwar n « Astronomy Photographer » i di ttemḥizwaren mkul aseggas imkessin n kamira s ttsawar n ujenna. Tḥeṭṭer din tikkest n leɣben. Ajenna izemmer ad yili d izwel n tsawir‑a. Ass-a ixḍerɣ‑dd sebɛa n tsawer cnant d tḥajit‑nsent.
Tlalit n ijjen tmurt deg ujenna.
Martin Pugh itteggen ifuṭuten, yeqqim yerɛeb lami yessers atiliskup nnes « CDK 17 » di Tcili (Chilie). Di llyali yeḥman ṣfant wer imṣeḍfern, yegru aṭṭas n leɛberat n tfawt i d-ittasen zeg ujenna. 23 n tseɛɛatin izemmem n tfawt deg ijjen tewlaft, iḥart dag‑s x tlalit n ijjen tmurt d tamaynut deg ujenna!
Zi tburjet n ujenna n Ustralya.
Ad as-tinid d asijji zeg ufarran, ssa ittban-d uɣyay n webrid uceffay/urum. Lightgow Blast Furnace d ijjen lebni deg Ustralya, ttuɣa qqazen‑dd senni lmeɛden. Jay Evans iɛayar dinni twalat tamezgarut ijjen Kamira day-s Megapixel yemɣer. Igga tteswirt‑a.
Lxusuf s Ubinus (Venus)
Tazdugi n ujenna n temdunt n Silla di Tcilli, tejja Sebastian Voltmer ad yaweḍ ad iḥart x 96 n tsawar n ubinus itekk jer tmurt d tfuct. Ttsawir‑a ismun‑itent, yesser ca x ca, teffeɣ-d d ta tettwalam sennej. Tafukt urid ttnexsaf s tziri waha
Nachtaufnahme einer kleinen Küstensiedlung mit roten Häusern und schneebedeckten Bergen. Am Himmel sind flirrende grüne Lichter zu sehen (Foto: Andreas Ettl ).
Timbabest n Polar!
Andreas Ettl netta d Aliman, di tagzirt n Lofoten di Nnurwij, tagzirt‑a qat deg ijjen lexla tudes tqiccit n tmurt. Din izemmer utarras ad iẓer tifawin n upular mliḥ. « Hamnøy Lights » d wa d azwel i yegga i tewlaft‑nnes, icark zzag‑s deg imḥizwaren, yewwi zzag‑s aṭṭas n iwardiyyen.
Semqudda ijenna!
Ḥima ad tegged tteswirt am ta, ixessa wer tettenhezzid wer tettarjijid. La d tiṭṭawin ad rsent, ad ɛessent. Di mumintu‑ya saturn ittenneḍ x tziri yedduruy awarn‑as. Andy Casely iseggusa netta yettraja ad tɛawed lleqṭa‑ya. ar mani i tt‑yeṭṭef
Taziri x London.
Tlata n twalatin Mathew Browne itteg tizemmer ad yeṭṭef tawlaft am ta. Di tteswirt nettwala lebni n « Shard ». D ttiminutin waha i ttuɣa ɣer‑s ɣa Mathew ḥima ad xaf‑s iḥart x tziri deg umkan-nni qbel ma ad tmeyyel.
Aɣebbi n ikuluren.
Timura n ugafa (Nord), jebbdent‑id imṣewren ad senni ksin tiwlafin cnant. Ajenna n Island ad din tirared s kamira. Maca mani ɣa tɛebbẓed x ubuṭun n uṣewwer, tqeṭṭa rirat. Ben Bush ittessur taẓuri akd uṣewwer n ugama. Tiwlafin‑nnes ad as- tinid d ttilwiḥin arsment. Ta yegg-it di tesmeḍ n setta adu ziru, x tma n lebḥer.


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Ahidrujin
Ahidrujin (s tinglizt : Hydrogen , s tfranṣiṣt : Hydrogène) iga t ufrḍis akimi lli mu gan tasdugmt n H d uṭṭun afrḍas 1. Ntta ad kullu ifssusn ɣ umaḍal. Ɣ tifadiwin tinawayn, ar ittgga uhidrujin agaz n snat tifulin d ar ttggan H2. Iga war-ikʷlan d war-aḍu, ur igi toxic, d ar ijddr s zzrb.
Ahidrujin ad iggutn ɣ umaḍal, slahwant akkʷ lliɣ iɣʷi 75% n tmtta (matter). Itran zun d tafukt nnɣ ur gan-t amr Ahidrujin ɣ waddad n plasma. Agudi n hidrujin ɣ wakal ar ittmun d ifrḍisn yaḍni ar skarn tifulin zun d aman nɣ d uddis agman.[1]
Tiɣbula[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Amgrad ad iga amud, imẓẓiy ka sul. Aws i Wikipidya s usnfl nns, tssimɣurt t.


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Tamesrit-a tella-d s tsentayt n Tnegga Taɣelnawt n Udhal d Usnegmu n Uṛmas s usemyuddes d tmehla n tmerrit n twilayt n Zzayer, yernu d taɣellat n udiwan n uneɣlaf anesmigal ɣer uneɣlaf amenzu d-yelhan s temẓermisin, Tamani Ferchichi, ay t-yeẓẓunẓan ɣer yidis n uwali anesmigal n Ḥusin Day, Youcef Begriche, anemhal n tmerrit n twilayt n Zzayer, Mokdad Tabet d unemhal amatu n tnegga, Mohamed-Cherif Bouziane.
Tadyant-a tella-d s tẓugayt n « Ad nebnu tamurt-nneɣ s tillumẓa-nneɣ », yernu d tin ay d-yellan deg ukatar n usfugel n umulli wis 60 n uzarug aɣelnaw d tillumẓa d wass aɣelnaw n tmerrit. Iswi n tmesrit-a d asdusu n ublag d amellil yernu d adettan gar yimeggiyen n tmerrit, tinḍi d yifarisen idiganen akken ad derwen deg usnegmu adigan, ɣef wakken ay d-tenna Mass Ferchichi i Tnegga n Yisalan n Zzayer.
Tamesrit-a ad d-tili daɣ d talemmiẓt i uwekked ɣef yifujaren ay d-ssumurent tneggiwin n udhal n usemres i yilemẓiyen yesɛan isenfaren deg ukatar n tsemmeskal ay d-yebda uɣlif anesmigal d-yelhan s temẓermisin, ɣef wakken ay d-terna.
Deg yiwen n umyager d tɣemsa deg yijifeṛ n tfugla n uẓunẓu, tenna-d Mass Bouziane dakken tamesrit-a iswi-nnes d axebber n ugdud ɣef temlilt n Tnegga Taɣelnawt n Udhal d Usnegmu n Uṛmas deg useɣnew n temẓermisin deg yigzumen yemgerraden.


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05 Yulyu 1962 - 05 Yulyu 2022
AMULLI WIS 60 N UZARUG
« Ammal i Yuc ur d-tegri ara tsehrest deg tmurt-nneɣ », 60 n yiseggasen i tṣekka icudden ɣer yisfuglen n uzarugAsimwas, 08 Yulyu 2022 12:46
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Rnu-tt-id i yimseɣret aɣelnaw akked tezlatin tiferfananin, tḥettem-d iman-is d imseɣret aɣerfan n usuɣal n uzarug, yura-tt yerna yecna-tt ukaṛdinal n uẓawan aɣerfan n « ccaɛbi », Lḥaǧ Mḥemmed Lɛenqa : « Lḥedurillah ma bqac listiɛmar fi bladna » (Ammal i Yuc ur d-tegri ara tsehrest deg tmurt-nneɣ), d yiwet n tezlit icudden ɣer yisfuglen n uzemz-a amazray ilan azal deg wulawen n Yizzayriyen, tesfugel ula d nettat amulli wis 60 seg leɛmer-is.
Amulli wis 60 uzarug: Aselway Tebboune yeṭṭef ibuddan n wemtil-nnes afransawiAkwas, 07 Yulyu 2022 16:28
Lezzayer - Aselway n Tegduda, Mas Abdelmadjid Tebboune, yeṭṭef izen n tdukkli d wemɛiwen seg wemtil-nnes afransawi, Mas Emmanuel Macron, anda s-d-yessiweḍ "ibuddan-nnes iwatan", daɣen i Lezzayer d weɣṛef azzayri almend n usfugel wis 60 iseggasen n izarug akk d usuɣal n tnaya taɣelnawt.
Mɛesker : ldin yiwet n lluzin n uɣraf n tbettiyin i tuffra n taylaAkras, 06 Yulyu 2022 16:10
MƐESKER – Teldi teṛmist Naftal yiwet n lluzin n tbettiyin n wuzzal i tuffra akked umesni n tayla (zzit) tamgurant, d ayen yellan d ayiwnan deg wakal akk n tmurt, yeḍra-d waya ass n usinas (ttlata) deg usun amguran n Mɛesker.
Aṭas i d-iṛuḥen akken ad walin amsudeɣ aredsan n umulli wis 60 n uzarugAkras, 06 Yulyu 2022 15:29
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Aṭas n yiɣermanen i d-yusan, seg temnaḍin yemgarden n tmaneɣt akked yigezda inaragen, ass n usinas (ttlata) tanezzayt ɣer s Ijdi (Zzayer tamaneɣt) akken ad walin amsudeɣ aredsan i tessuddes Tredsa taɣelnawt taɣerfant i lmend n umulli wis 60 n usuɣal n tnaya taɣelnawt.
Tameɣra n uzarug : yesseggi uselway Tebboune amsudeɣ aredsanAsinas, 05 Yulyu 2022 18:01
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Aselway n Tegduda, aɣella unnig n Tdusiwin tumrigin, aneɣlaf n Temḥaddit taɣelnawt, Mass Abdelmadjid Tebboune, yesseggi, ass n usinas (ttlata) deg Zzayer tamaneɣt ? amsudeɣ aredsan i ssuddsen i lmend n umulli wis 60 n uzarug, i d-yenna yiwen n ulɣu n uɣlif n Temḥaddit taɣelnawt.
Amsudeɣ aredsan : Armas aḥmayan n uɣref i Uselway TebbouneAsinas, 05 Yulyu 2022 17:30
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – D armas aḥmayan i iga uɣref ass n usinas (ttlata) i uselway n Tegduda, Mass Abdelmadjid Tebboune, mi yewweḍ ɣer Tmesgida Zzayer (Zzayer tamaneɣt) akken ad yeẓẓunẓu aciri n umsudeɣ aredsan i ssuddsen i lmend n umulli wis 60 n usuɣal n uzarug aɣelnaw.
Taggara n umsudeɣ aredsan iɣeḍmen irmuden n umulli wis 60 n uzarugAsinas, 05 Yulyu 2022 17:22
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Amsudeɣ aredsan i tessuddes Tredsa taɣelnawt taɣerfant, ddaw n usiggi n Uselway n tegduda, Aɣella unnig n tdusiwin tumrigin, aneɣlaf n Temḥaddit taɣelnawt, Mass Abdelmadjid Tebboune, i lmend n usfugel n umulli wis 60 n usuɣal n tnaya taɣelnawt, yekfa ass n usinas (ttlata) deg Zzayer tamaneɣt.
Amsudeɣ aredsan/ amulli wis 60 seg Uzarug : amlazmar n tegrawin n tdusiwin n uzwuAsinas, 05 Yulyu 2022 17:10
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Amsudeɣ aredsan ameqqran i yessig uciri-s Uselway n Tegduda, Aɣella unnig n Tdusiwin tumrigin, aneɣlaf n Temḥaddit taɣelnawt, Mass Abdelmadjid Tebboune, ass n usinas (ttlata) deg Zzayer tamaneɣt, yettwaɣḍem s umlazmar igerrzen akked tseddi yeqḍan n tegrawin n tdusiwin n uzwu n Tredsa taɣelnawt taɣerfant.
Icar Uselway n Tebboune amsadeɣ aredsan yesfuglen amulli wis sḍimraw n uzarugAsinas, 05 Yulyu 2022 15:44
ZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Aselway n tegduda, Aɣella n tdusiwin tumrigin, aneɣlaf n Temḥaddit taɣelnawt, Mass Abdelmadjid Tebboune, icar ass n usinas (ttlata) deg Zzayer tamaneɣt, amsadeɣ aredsan i tessuddes Tredsa taɣelnawt taɣerfant i lmend n usfugel n umulli wis 60 n usuɣal n tnaya taɣelnawt.
Tameɣra n uzarug : aẓunẓu n temṣukin tinagdudin akked uciri n yisenfaren deg UnẓulAsinas, 05 Yulyu 2022 15:22
WAREGLA – Asfugel n umulli wis 60 n uzarug yettwaɣḍem, deg yigezda b Unẓul n tmurt, s uẓunẓu n temṣukin tinagdudin akked uciri temzal n usnefli ilan iswi n uselhu n tmeddur akked twennaḍt n uɣerman.


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Yura-tt: Ɛebdelɛaziz ḤANNUN
Deg yijj n uɛecci, uccen ttuɣa yeggur di ca n yegran, yeẓra ijj n tẓayart tewca i ujenna. Yudes ɣer-s, ittwala dag-s ijj uẓekkun n uḍil. Yenna-as: « d wa i dayi-ɣa yekksen fad. » Yegga ca n iṣurifen ɣer deffer, yiwi-dd jjhed, yengez xef-s, wer t-yiwiḍ. Ieawed, eawed ieawed yedwel ɣer deffer iqam-dd jjehed yengez, wer t-yiwid. Γer umeggaru umi yufa wer izemmer a t-idd-yekkes, yezli aɣembub, Yenna-as: « ad kemmleɣ x webrid-inu waha, aqa bayen illa d asemmaɣ. »
>> Lebda tamslayt ( lḥajet ) i umi wer nzemmer, nɣeṭṭel-as g watig-nnes.


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Vocabulaire kabyle de l’Ostéologie et de l’Orthopédie
Ihga-t-id : Mohamed Zakaria BENRAMDANE
Tizrigin : Asqamu unig n timuzɣa 2010
Les liens de Téléchargement sont raccourcir avec linkbucks
Idlisen d wid I d-nḥawec seg yal tama, nebɣa ad ten-zen iked wiyaḍ mebla ma nurǧa taseglit n idrimen anagar, asnerni n tutlayt-na, d usisdeg n umawal i nseqdac di tudert n yal ass.
Tajmilt tamezwarut ad tuɣal I imyura d tezrigin I d-isufɣen Imawalen-agi.
Ma yella umeskar neɣ umsizreg nḍur, ad aɣ-d-yesiweḍ izen ɣer Tansa-nneɣ, imir kan ad nesfeḍ amudd, ma yella ines.”


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FRANKFURT/M. (TAMURT) – Anwa i s-yennan ad yeḍru wannect-a deg useggas 2020? Yiwet n tevɛuct ur yizmir yiwen a tt-iwali s wallan-is tekref timura; tneq yal ass aṭas n yimdanen deg umaḍal merra.
Ɣas akka, llan yad yeqqaren: „Ah „corona“ ur telli, ur tettili!“
Ma tidet teqqar-d ayen nniḍen: „Corona“ tenɣa aṭas n yimdanen seg wasmi i d-tlul taggar n useggas 2019 ar ass-a. Yal ass rennun ttmettaten aṭas n yimdanen. Amur ameqqran deg-sen d imɣaren akkd yad yuḍnen.
Yiwen wass mlaleɣ sin imɣaren imaziɣen-irifiyen di tlemmast n Frankfurt/Main/Lalman. Dɣa nniɣ-asen: „Azul ay imaziɣen“.
Nutni rran-iyi-d: „Azuuul, azul. “Dɣa yiwen deg-sen (Mimun) yewsa-d ɣur-i, ikker a-yi ger iɣallen. Nekk ddiɣ kra iquddimen ɣer deffir, nniɣ-as: „Amek akka
a mmi-s n tmurt, ur tesliḍ ara s tevɛuct „Corona“?
Netta yeclex seg taḍṣa, yenna: „Kečč d amaziɣ tettamneḍ s „Corona“ ?
Nekk rriɣ-as: „Ih! Amek? Yal ass tneqq aṭas n yimdanen, kečč teqqareḍ ulac-itt?“, Yernu kečč ur telliḍ ara d amusnaw di tluafa n „corona“, iwakken ad tiniḍ ulac-itt.“ Dɣa yeḍṣa, yerra takmamt, nkemmel amesay ɣef tlufa n tmeddurt.
Ihi llan aṭas n yimdanen deg waṭas n tmura am da di Lalman yeqqaren ulac „corona“, qqaren d adavu kan i iran ad yerr tikmamin i yimezdaɣ n tmurt iwakken a sen-yekkes „tilelli n wawal.“ Tikwal teffɣen-d „luluf“ n yimdanen ɣer iverdan, ur tlusun ara tikmamin, ttnaɣen akkd temsulta ɣef taluft n „corona“.
Llan daɣen kra, rran iman-nsen d imusnawen deg weḥric n tsertit qqaren: „Corona“ snulfan-tt-d imḍebren deg weḥric n tsertit iwakken ad snegren amur ameqqran deg yimezdaɣ n umaḍal. S wakka ad tifsus tmeddur i yad ar‘ ad yegrin.
Imusnawen deg wdeḥric n yivɛac yessaḍanen imdanen qqaren „corna“ tezmer ad tefti s leɣṣev seg temliliyin n yimdanen, am di tmeɣriwin neɣ mar’ad ttemduḥḥasen, ladɣa war tikmamin. Aṭas n yimdanen ur nettagad ara tura „corona“. Am akken imdanen-a nnumen yid-s; mačči am ussan-nni imezwura
n tlalit-is.
Yernu ɣas deg anida yessefk ad yerr yiwen takmamt (akken nnan imeḍbren n tsertit), aṭas n yimdanen sɛan azref ur tt-ttarran ara. Qqaren ulamek ar’ad yečč yiwen s tekmamt. Ihi annect-a nnan d tasureft (exception).
D acu kan tasureft-a yezmer a d-yini yiwen tuɣal d alugen (régle), acku llan aṭas i itetten, tessen, ttkeyyifen deg iverdan. Ladɣa da di Frankfurt/Main llan kra n yimdanen rran iman-nsen ḥercen, ttarran kra n tmiqwa n tebyart neɣ n waman deg ifenǧalen n lkaɣeḍ, teddun avrid avrid ass d akemmali war tikmamin. Yiwen ur yezmir a sen-yini mačči akka. Ula ɣer yixxamen anida medden ttarran timeɣriwin deg waṭas yid-sen, ur tzemmer ara ad tekcem ɣur-sen temsulta.
Attan tlelli i d-yettawin aṭṭan. Cwi kan mačči yal yiwen iteṭṭef coroa yettmettat. Amur ameqqran deg-sen itejji.
Nekk qqareɣ: „Deg wakud n waṭṭan „corona“, win yelluẓen, yeffud, neɣ iran ad ikeyyef mar’ad yili deg uvrid, yessefk ad ibedd di kra n tqernit, anida ulac medden, alama ifukk, ad ikemmel avrid-is. “D acu kan tikwal ineṭṭeḍ waṭṭan „corona “i yimdanen, war ma ẓran amek!
Ihi tamawt kan anida yella yiwen. Ula gar twaculin (deg yixxamen) tneṭṭeḍ „corona“, tikwal war ma yeẓra yiwen amek.
Ula da di Lalman amur ameqran ama d Almanen ama mačči, ur yettqaḍar ara tuǧǧit n wemḍiq n „lmitra akk d uzgen“ iyessefk a t yeǧǧ yiwen gar medden, ɣas rran tikmamin.
Agguren imezwura nɣil Lalman tezmer i „corona“ tiyf aṭas n tmura nniḍen. Seg taggara n useggas n 2020 yuget waṭṭan n „corona“ ula da di Lalman.
Nekk lliɣ deg imezwura yettarren takmamt seg wasmi sliɣ telha mgal „corona“.
Di tmura imi qqaren medden „timura n wezref akkd tugdut“ yezmer a d-yini yiwen, tilelli n wawal; tuččit, tissit, akiyyef n duxxam deg iverdan tezga senniɣ n wezref ad yeqqim yiwen s tezmert-is.
Attan twaɣit n yad yesseqdacen tilelli-nsen war tilisa!
Ssrameɣ aseggas-a ad yesserwel „corona tamcumt“, ad tuɣal tmeddurt am zik-nni!
Akli Azwaw
Frankfurt/Main, 10-01.2021


text:
Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin, amassan n ugama aglizi, ilul di Shopshire ass n 12 deg furar1809, yemmut di Dawne ass n 19 deg yebrir 1882. Imahilen-is ɣef temhazt n telmas timuddirin ḍḥan-d d wid yessegrawlen tasnudert segmi d-yessufeɣ adlis-is Iẓuran n telmas deg useggas n 1859. Dɣa asmi yella icae yisem-is gar imassanen s inadiyen iga, i yessker yiwet n turda i d-yeqqaren belli tilmas akk timuddirn yellan zemrent ad ilint seg yiwen neɣ si kra kan n ijaddiyen ucriken i d-uɣent aẓar armi mehzent ɣef teɣzi n wakud, s twisi n wayen iwumi qqaren afran agaman.
Di tilawt, mačči d netta i yennan d amezwaru belli amdan yeqqers-d seg yibki (aḥallum, iddew), acku yezwar-it ɣer waya Lamarck s xemsin iseggasen, ulamma tazrawt -is netta (Darwin) ɣef tikti-nni daɣ i tettawi yerna tessegza lumuṛ s telqey ; baqi segmi d-yeffeɣ udlis-nni-ines yuɣal yegget fell-as wawal d unṭag deg ijernanen d wanda nniḍen, ladɣa si tamiwin timasɣanin (imdeyynen) i iwalan deg-s ankaṛ n wamek i yettwassen uxlaq n ddunit d wayen yettidiren, sɣur Rebbi, meḥsub werǧin i d-yella Adem neɣ Ḥewwa am akken i t-id-nnant tektabin tuɣrisin. Ihi ur d-dduklen yid-s imassanen s tidet armi d aseggas 1870 mi rnan walan tidet-is ɣer wiyaḍ deg wayen yerzan tiẓri n tehezt (théorie d’évolution) i d-yessumer, dɣa din i tebda tdarwinẓrit tettaɣ abrid deg ubeddel n tmuɣliwin tinudranin armi d-wwḍen wallalen imaynuten di lqern wiss 20 i itebbten awal-is ula ɣef ufran agaman i yellan tuɣ yezzi-yas ccekk. M’akken i d-yesnulfa tussan-yi tamaynut ara yuɣalen d taxatart maḍi syin d afella, Darwin yella d amnadi kan amecṭuḥ ifukken leqraya-s deg uɣiwen n Ṭṭebba n tesdawit n Edambourg, ihi yedda deg uɣarrabu Beagle i yeffɣen deg tuɣḍaṭ unadi i tikelt tis snat, ɣer tnila n Temrikt n Wenẓul, iruḥ s yisem-is d amesnakal kan imi d wayen i d-yelha imir. Maca ayen i t-iwellhen tikelt tamezwarut, d ayen iɣer yerra tamawt deg tgzirin n Galápagos ɣef kra n telmas n yiwen wefrux. Afrux-a llant kra n tlemas-is ɣur-neɣ ; deg tama n usammar n Bgayet qqaren-as abulkettan, deg Ǧerǧer abuferriw neɣ amenferriw (pinson). Ihi mi imuqel yaf sin ispisimanen i d-yekkan si snat tegzirin yemqaraben, ttemcabin deg kullec ala deg uqamum : yiwen zur, wayeḍ rqiq. Syin iwala yal afrux ggtent telmas-is deg yiwet n tewsit (genre), dɣa yesteqsa iman-is : ma d win iwumi qqaren Axellaq i igan akka annect-a, amek yeeni ara s-yini wayi ad s-geɣ aqamum akka, wayeḍ akken nniḍen, neɣ ad ten-ssemxlafeɣ kan deg teɣmi n rric ? Yerna mačči kan ɣur yefrax i llant lewhayem, ula si tama n iɣersiwen imeqqranen : amek yiwen deg leḥcic i ikess wayeḍ yettseyyiḍ iɣersiwen-nni at leḥcic s yiman-nsen ? Yuɣ lḥal tamella ur telli deg teẓgi neɣ daxel n yillel, ayen izemren i kra-iḍen yečč-it !


text:
Iḍennaḍ n Letnin 19 kṭuber 2020. I yeḍra Dda Ḥmad xef uyis n tudert. D ijjen uterras ixdem aṭṭas i Tmaziɣt. Igga tizemmar d timeqqranin maḥend Tmaziɣt ad taweḍ amkan i testahell yiḍ-a. Waxxa wer das-immewc lḥeqq-nnes. Maca netta iqqim lebda iṭṭef di tirjet n imenzayen-nnes.
Tudert-nnes
Ḥmed Adɣirni ilul di ddcar n « Taddart » di teqbilt n « Ayt Ɛli ». Di Tkunfidiralit n Ayt Baemran. Baba-s ttuɣa issɣura din, mamec i t-ttuɣa d abeṭṭuy. Maca netta iẓuran-nnes zi ddcar n Ik°rar n Sidi Ebderreḥman zi Tiznit. Di Tɣiwant n « Aglu ». Iɣra Adɣirni di ddcar-nnes mani ilul, zi senni di Tiznit ar mani ig ikemmel di Trudant. Deg Usinag Ameslem. Iksi Bak-nnes zi Merrakec, xenni igeɛɛed ɣer Fas. Dag-s ig iksi llisuns-nnes di tsekla, zi senni iɛda ɣer Rrbaṭ maḥend ad iɣer izerfan. Ar mani ig iksi llisuns-nnes uca yudef ad yili d abuɣaw.
Taɣensa-nnes
Di temẓi-nnes ila illa d ameɣnas n UNEM. Ḥmed Adɣirni, zeg imezwura i yerrin taynit i tmeslayt n Tmaziɣt. Zeg inni issujden tasdawit n unebdu deg Ugadir. Ixdem di tmesmunt n Tamaynut, zeg iwdan ig issersen ddsas i Ukungris amaḍlan Amaziɣ, mamec i t-ttuɣa d amezday n tmesmunin timaziɣin. Mamec i icrek deg wegraw amaḍlan n tseqqar n wemdan di Byinna deg usegg°as n 1993. Mamec ig igga Akabar Adimukraṭ Amaziɣ Ameɣribi (PDAM). Min xef iḥkem Lmuɣrib s ubeddi.
Adɣirni zeg iwdan i ttuɣa lebda iḥeṭṭar di lmeḥkama, maḥend ad idafeɛ x imeɣnas. Zeg imeɣnas n tmesmunt n Tlelli di 1994, ar imeɣnas n MCA di 2008 d imeɣnas n Lḥirak n Arrif.
Adɣirni, yura xirebbi n idlisen x tsekla, tasertit d umawal azerfan i d-issufeɣ. Mamec netta i d-issufeɣ jjurnal n « Tamaziɣt ». Ig isiɣan aṭṭas ar mani i tbedd. D ijjen uterras iwca tudert-nnes amen tekmel i Tmaziɣt.


text:
Amaḍal-a nbenna-t,
Iweṭṭa,
Nettɛawad-as lebni,
Nweṭṭa necnin.
D tina d tiwalin i zi nzemmer a nemlussun aked Rainer Maria Rilke. Ameggaru-ya ilulen deg usegg°as n 1875 di temdint n Brag Tatcikit. Yettwassen s tsunsibilit-nnes (sensibilité) ɣer umaḍal i das-d-yunuḍen. Ttuɣa yettmetta xmi ittili weḥḥd-s. Taweḥdanit ittaf dag-s riqqi-nnes. Zegga iwweḍ ad issen ila wer izemmer ad yedder di jjmaɛet, inna aked yiman-nnes ad yidder tudert n uɛezzeb, tudert tabuhimit ibedden xef usefru d tẓuri. Rilke issiwel deg isefra-nnes x isental (des sujets) msebḍan qqnen ɣer tudert-nnes d mayen dag-s isseɛda netta.
Maca s minzi nesferraz Rilke urid umi issiwel x tudert-nnes, maca x « mamec » i x-as yura. Ibedd x ijjen lxezrat d tafilusuft wer tzemmer ad tewqa (ad tenqaḍa). Yura x tmeẓi, timexsa, aẓuyyet, asitem, lekruhiyyet, taweḥdanit, tiddukla d tmettant. S uyenni nettaf iwalen iqqnen ɣer yiger n « uẓuyyet, tamettant d tweḥdanit » ggin ḥala di lexdayem n weẓlawi-ya. Ula kter di tira-nni nnes i yura di temẓi-nnes. Aya yeqqen ɣer ca n tmeslayin qesḥent idder-itent wezlawi-nneɣ di temẓi-nnes: Am lmewt n uma-s ameqqran, ufuɣ-nnes zi ssekwila n lɛesker, allaf n baba-s d yemma-s. Maca tifeqqaɛ-nni ig idder ufint ufuɣ-nnsent di lxedmet i yura « Tiwessanin n Malte Laurids Brigge » (Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge). Manaya iwwec-as ijjen uḥadi d amaynu i tira-nnes. Yegg°ej x tira-nni issemɣaran s mayen illan d aliman d yeẓrinamur (nationaliste). Din d ijjen uḥadi nniḍen i zi nzemmer a naka zi tira-nnes xmi nettaf tubberkent i yeqqnen ɣer layas d tigg°da, min xef ig ittgerniz ca n twalatin ccatent ɣer wul, snhezzant buḥbel..
Taẓuri d aɣbal n waẓẓli
Wer nzemmer a nettu belli Rilke netta d ijjen wezlawi, umi itteɛjib aṭṭas taẓuri. Tteɛjiben-as ikuluriten n telwiḥin d warctiktur (architecture). Kter zi manaya ittmetta x wemsal (Sculpture). D tidet i ɣa nini mala nessen ila Rilke netta imessel tiqessisin-nnes. Irezzu ad yerr mayen yellan di berra, d ca n ixarrisen d izumal d ipsiciken. Ittegg tizemmar-nnes ḥma ad yejj mayen nettwala di berra, d mayen nettxayal ila yella, d ca n izumal n usefru. Manaya ittegg-it s umi nzemmer a nini « asefru n leḥwayej » (Dinggedicht ).
Tasejjart ɣer Rilke urid d tasejjart waha, maca nettat d asitem d tmexsa d tudert amen tekmel. Uca ittraḥ akid-s amenni aked leḥwayej i yellan deg umaḍal, d ikuluriten xminni ttbeddalen aked ubeddel n imiren (saisons) d mayen yeqqnen ɣar ugama (nature).
Iqqim a nini ila tira-nnes tterrant taynit aṭṭas i lexdayem n wemsal. Ittxes ad day-sent issuḍ tudert nniḍen. D aya ig igga aked MichaelAngelo d umessal Afransis Auguste Rodin. Uca Maḥend ad yemsel Rilke tiqessisin-nnes ittekkes zi tmeslayin (des sujets) anaw-nnsent (leurs types) iressan itterra-tent ɣer timyiwan (des unités) tteggent anya (rythme), nettaka zzag-sent, llant di tilit (existence). Maḥend ad yaweḍ ɣer manaya issezdag ixef-nnes (Akaṭarsis) zeg imxumbal n tnefsiyt d min t-iceɣlen deg uxarres ɣer ijjen tebridt n tẓuri. Uca ittic-as i wayenni-nnes animan (indépendant) tilelli-nnes. Maḥend ad issiwel, ad yari s tlelli. S ijjen wawal nniḍen, netta ittɛawad ittari x « leḥwayej » ig illan deg umaḍal s ict tebridt d tarewsant (neutre).
Timessna n yixef
S tmessna n ixef-nneɣ i zi nzemmer a nessuref ixef-nneɣ i iɣeḍsen di tfeqqaɛ, ammu ig ittwala Rilke. Ad nessen ddat-nneɣ niɣ ad t-nɛerra. Uca ad t-nesseqqeḍ (incarner) s waẓẓli. Am mamec yegga Ufilisuf Nietzsche i yeksin zi Rilke tira-nnes timezwura. Ameɣunj Agriki Orpheus d netta zeg imezwura i yexsen ad iɛawed yari ixef-nnes x webrid n yezlan-nnes i zi ttuɣa ittggezzen ula x imettinen ḥuma ad dag-sen issuḍ tudert-nniḍen. Nettaf Rilke iksi-d isem-nnes yegg-it d azwel n ijjen lxedmet-nnes « tisunatin n Orpheus » (Sonette an Orpheus). I yegga x teflewt n wemḍal n ijjen tmecḍaḥt Vira Knoppe i yemmuten x tseɛṭac n iseggusa. Ta i ttuɣa t-isfekkaren s weltma-s immuten qbel ma ad d-ilul netta. X uyenni yemma-s ttuɣa txezzer ɣer-s axmi d aseqqeḍ (incarner) yeddren n wetlm-as, ttuɣa tessiriḍ-as qqaɛ arruḍ n weltma-s qbel ma ad yadef ssekwila n lɛesker.
Lagg°aj afilusuf n usefru
Di beddu n tudert-nnes Rilke ttuɣa tetteɛjib-as tafilusuft n tiẓrilit (Existentialisme) am tenni n Nietzsche d Kierkegaard, ttuɣa isxeddam timenna-nnes d tiwalin n Ufilusuf-a Adenmarki. Maca lexdayem n Rilke urid ssawalent ɣir x usmedya n teẓrilit waha. Maca lexdayem-nnes ssiwlent x tmeslayin d timeqqranin ameknaw ddin, pulitik, tagrawla tapulitikt d ubeddel anamun (changement social). Maca zi tefras timeqqranin i yellan di min yura. Min xef qqaren belli zi mayen ittwarun di Tlimant d ameqqran zi leqrun inammasen, netta d « tiṭikt » nni i yexsen ad yerr zi tsekla d ijjen ddin ibedd x tmexsa. Timexsa ɣer Rilke teqqar ila bnadem ixess wer ittɣecci bu ixef-nnes ḥma ad yeɛjeb i wenn/tenn igg ittxes. Maca itterra zi tmexsa d ca n ḥajet tulleɣ, temɣer deg wul-nnes d teycatin-nnes ḥma ad d-yass aked tmexsa-nnes. Di twalat d icten ad yejj ixef-nnes amec yella, d animan x uwenniḍen. Timexsa ɣer-s acnaw buḥber xminni itteffi/issffay, issdal yenniḍen waxxa qaɛ wer t-ttren. Ddegg-a n tmexsa takucant tettetter tarezzut x wakuc di ddat tanefgant ig irezzun lebda x ifessayen di ddat-nni i nettxes lebda, tenn issenḍyen i nettxayal s takayt-nneɣ d tmiṭafizikt. Manaya ixes ad yini ɛawed ila ixess a nennufsel zeg isekraf n tmurt d inni inamunen (sociales), amek i nfehhem zi tira n Rilke.
Yuḍen Rilke s uxenzir n idammen, llukimiya, immut deg usegg°as n 1926 di ddcar n Val Monte x tma n ugelmam n Juniv.


text:
Tutlayin tisamiyin
Tutlayin tisamiyin d tawacult n tutlayin tettekkant di tutlayin tifrusyawiyin, i deg nezmer ad naf taɛrabt d tutlayin yettemcabin ɣur-s, am tɛebrit (tutlayt n wat Israyil) neɣ tafiniqit n zik.
Yusa-d awal agi sɣur isem n mmis n Nuḥ : Sam ass mi yessuli yal medden ar uberrabu ines, yexlf-d tlata arrac, Sam, Ḥam d Yafet, yal yewen yjaḥ ar tamurt yetf-itt, d yal yiwen deg-sen immeslay tutlayt ines, Sam yefkad tutlayt tasamit, tebda tasamit f aṭas imeslayen, kra deg-sen mmuten, kra tiyad mazal-itent drent, ttmeslayen medden syisen.
Tutlayin tisamiyin ur mmuten araẒreg
TiwelhiwinẒreg
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tasamit". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.


text:
Tanṭrupulujit: 33.000 iseggusa zdat i wass‑a i tezdeɣ Miksiku
Imussnawen n Tenṭrupulujit aked « Ciprian Ardelean » Zi tesdawit Taglanzit « Exeter », urzun di ca n leqcuɛ n weẓru deg ifri n Chiquihuite di Miksiku. Reqḍeɛ n weẓru din ufin ɣer‑s jar 31.000 d 33.000 iseggusa.
Rimart‑a n Homo‑sapiens ujaren reqcuɛ rimart n marra Homosapiens yekkin x tmurt n Umarikan. D iqdimen aṭṭas, mamec ttwafen deg ijjen wemcan, ɛemmer‑s ma ittɣir‑asn i ymarezzuten tuɣa yzedɣ‑it ḥedd ca n twarat. Manaya izemmer ad yewwet marra min nessen x umezruy n zik n Umarikan di ziru.
Imussnawen aṭṭas n iseggusa nitnin ttmenɣan x useqsi n: mermi yezdeɣ Homo‑sapien tammurt n Umarika, d mamek yegga yiweḍ dinni. Marra min yettwafen ɣer‑s ar ass‑a, yettwaf deg ugafa (North) n tmurt‑a: ixsan, reqcuɛ n weẓru, latar n tmessi i ɣa yella jar 13.000 d 16000 n iseggusa.
Min yezwaren!?
Tiɣuri yellan ɣer wass‑a, teqqar belli iwdan ‑ di rweqt i di tjars tmurt di rɛahed n wejris (ice age)- uguren x reqnaḍar n weḍfel i dd-ibanen di jar Sibirya d Alaska. Zi tqiccit n tmurt n Umarikan, mmuttyen yewdan yettwasnen s « Clovis-Kultur », di marra umenẓaw (continent) n Umarikan. Senni bdant tisfay n tzeddaɣ di qaɛ timuwwa n lebḥurat n wadday n tmurt‑a n wenẓumarikan (south‑Amerika), urid d tiwafitin waha yessiwḍen di manaya, maca ra d tarezzutin di ADN n hindyut n tmurt‑a ssiwḍent ɣa manaya.
Maca din imussnawen yugin ad ḍfaren axarres‑a, minzi ufin irutar ‑ waxxa mṣebḍan‑ n yewḍan (ixsan, reqcuɛ n weẓru, later n tmessi) di rweṣt d wadday n tmurt Umarikan, i yujaren deg useggus-a min ufin di tqiccit-nnes.
Di Serra da Capivara di Brazil din later n tmessi yujar 10.000 iseggusa. Di Monte Verde di Čili, Rimat n tzeddaɣ ɣer‑sent 12.000 iseggusa. « Luzia » yettwasnen deg umaḍal ixsan n tḥenjirt, ɣer‑sen 11.000, ttwafen deg ifri n Lapa‑vermelha di Brazil.
Iwdan izedɣen timura‑ya ma tuɣa tmuttuyen deɣya? ma sxedmen tiɣarruba?, niɣ zedɣen lebḥer lebḥer waha? maca izemmar ad tiri rimart-nsen adu waman, minzi lebḥer igeɛɛed aṭṭas zi lweqt-nni ar wass-a.
Min i yuran!
min yettwafen qaɛ di Serra di Capivara, yesban-d belli iwdan zedɣen din zdat 20.000 iseggusa zgʷami. Llan imussnawen yettwaran belli urid abrid n Bering (jar Sibirya d Alaska) i ikkin yewdan‑nni waha, izemmar ad yili cuqen lebḥer n Atlantik arami iwḍen wadday n Umarikan (South‑Amerika). Maca manaya wer xaf‑s ufin ca ca n yexsan niɣ ca rimaret jjin‑t awarn‑asen.
Nature tessufeɣ‑dd tnayn n tarezzutin, x imezdaɣ imezgura n tmura n Umarikan. Deg ict zzag‑sent, day-s min yettwafen deg Ifri-nni di Miksiku, dag‑s aṭṭas min tuɣa yeffarn yemḍel.
Ifri n Chiquihuite, ɣzin dag‑s imarezzuten, ifri‑ya yuɛra s 2740 mitru x tmurt, dag‑s tnayn n texxamin qnent ict ɣa yict, mkul ict dag‑s 50 mitru di tiru, 15 di ruɛra. 1930 n iqecɛuren n weẓru, day-sen qutciyyat, d reqḍeɛ, ixsan n rewḥuc, lefḥem n ukeccuḍ d min yejjin latar deg uẓru. Manaya ufin ɣer‑s jar 31.000 d 33.00 n iseggusa.
Maca wer din ufin ca ixsan n yewḍan, nnan imussnawen, manaya wer ixess ad yini belli wer din zdiɣen ». « Ḥima ad afen latar n ADN n yewdan di min iresqen deg uẓru, ttwaran-t yeqseḥ ».
« Nature » tenna belli min yettwafen deg ifri n Chiquihuite, bedden kid‑s Lorena Becerra-Valdivia d Thomas Hiham zi tesdawit n Oksford, urzun di 42 n txubay n tqiccit n Umarikan d Sibirya. Ufin belli izemmar ad irin iwdan imezgura izedɣen tammurt-nni usin-dd ɣer‑s ktar zi 26.500 iseggusa zgʷami. Iwdan s waṭṭas usin‑d awarn‑as, ar mani tessenta ad teḥma tmurt.
Ura d Patrick Roberts zeg usinag n Max-Planck i wmezruy n yewdan, ittwara‑t belli zdat ma ad ssefyen yewdan x tmura n Umarikan, izwaren‑asen din inniḍen s ruruf iseggusa.


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Deg useggas n 2016 i tuɣal tmaziɣt d tutlayt tunṣibt deg tmurt n Lezzayer. Tettwaselmad deg waṭas n yimeḍqan, deg tmurt n Leqbayel, dɣa teṭṭef tuget n yiɣerbazen, am di Tizi Uzzu, tekcem yakk iɣerbazen. Teffeɣ daɣen seg tmurt n leqbayel, ɣer temnaḍin tiɛerbawalin. Maca, asenṣeb-agi ur t-yeḍfir ara usnas deg unnar. Sya u sya nsel i kra n wulɣuyen d yinawen unṣiben sɣur tuddsiwin tunṣibin am Tneɣlaft n usegmi aɣelnaw d Useqqamu unnig n timmuzɣa i d-yeqqaren belli tamaziɣt tettwalmad deg 48 n twilayin s wudem unṣib. Ttilit-d daɣ tedwilin n tirza deg tiliẓriyin, anda ula d kra n yiselmaden s timmad-nsen, qqaren-d tutlayt n tmaziɣt tleḥḥu, a-tt-an deg ubrid iṣeḥḥan. Maca, mi ara nmuqel deg unnar, neɣ ad nemmeslay d tuget n yiselmaden i tt-yesselmaden, qqaren-d anemgal n waya, ulac ugur i ten-izeglen.
Zgan d amennuɣ yiselmaden n temnaḍin tiɛerbawalin
Ameslay, ad aɣ-yawi srid ɣer temnaḍin tiɛerbawalin ideg yebda ikeccem uselmed n tmaziɣt iseggasen-a ineggura (5 n yiseggasen-aya), ladɣa deg tallit n tneɣlaft taqdimt Ben Ɣebriṭ: segmi d-tusa tesseḥres ɣef temsalt-a. Tebda-d seg 2013 akken deg temnaḍin timazɣawalin am Tamenraset, Batna, Xnecla, Ɣerdaya…, syin deg 2015, rnant-d twilayin yecban Ɛin Defla,Tlemsan, Belɛebbas, uqbel ad taẓ deg 2016 ɣer Wehran, Clef, Ɛennaba, Tbessa… d tiyaḍ. Aselmed-ines, yella-d s tarrayt n ufran. Iselmaden, ṣebren i wuguren i d-mlalen seg wussan imezwura, nnan ahat d tazwara, ad uɣalent ad ṣegment temsal. Maca, xas zrin yiseggasen, ugin ad frun yiɣeblan.
Deg 2016, yella-d unejmuɛ i d-yessemlalen aṭas n yiselmaden, imaswaḍen d yimasayen n tenmehliwin n usedwel deg umalu n tmurt. Yella-d usbeddi n umaswaḍ i snat neɣ kraḍ n twilayin tiɛerbawalin s zzyada ɣef tesweḍt-nsen tanaṣlit deg tmurt n leqbayel i wakken ad ɛiwnen iselmaden-a deg wuguren-nsen. Rnu ad asen-xedmen isilɣen. Ɛlaḥsab n yiselmaden yellan deg unnar, nnefṣ deg-sen d tiselmadin, uguren ugin ad kfun fell-asen, dɣa yal tazwara n useggas ttmagaren-d iɛewwiqen meqqren, ttidiren yid-sen ɣef teɣzi n useggas. Bdu-tt-id seg tdersi n yidgan i yiḍes, yir amager deg tenmehliwin n usedwel, uguren ipidagujiyen ur xuṣṣen ara daɣen; am tdersi n yidlisen, ugur deg tsebḍut n wakud, inelmaden s ufran i ɣɣaren, ttagin yimawlan ad jerrden tarwa-nsen ɣer temsirin n tmaziɣt, aḥettem i kra n yiselmaden ad ttruḥun ɣer uɣerbaz taṣebḥit ɣas lxedma-nsen tettili-d tameddit…
Mi ara nettwali uguren yecban wigi, nettak isteqsiyen; ma d tidet deg wakal amaziɣ i nella ? Amer ad d-kkren yinelmaden n tmurt n leqbayel ad agin ad lemden taɛrabt, ad gen asunded ur nḥebbes, acu ara d-iḍefren ? Ayɣer ur tettwakkas ara tarrayt n ufran i uselmed n tmaziɣt segmi tuɣal d tunṣibt, ayɣer ur d-ttilint ara tirziwin n tidet s annar sɣur yimasayen akken ad smeḥsen, ad ẓren uguren-a, u ad d-afen tifrat i ilaqen ?
Khaled Achoui


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USAGE DE LA LANGUE KABYLE SUR FACEBOOK : UNE APPROCHE SOCIOLINGUISTIQUE
Date2016-11
Author
MILOUD, Fatiha
KHENDEK, Lila
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
Amlili utlayan yellan yakanger tutlayin n ddunit ur yeqqim ara kan am zik, izger tilisa n tmura s yiles n yemdanen, maca deg wakud n yimir-a yekcem ula d netta deg unegmu s ttawilat n taywelt yexban tansa n faysbuk. Nger tamawt i kra n yinelmaden n ugezdu n tmaziɣt i yessexdamen tansa-agi, seqdacen ugar n tutlayin deg tira-nsen. Akken ad d-nerr tiririt ɣef yisteqsiyen n tmukrist, ad neԑreḍ ad d-nefk kra n turdiwin uqbel ad neg tasleḍt i wammud ara d- iwekkden tiririyin ɣef tmukrist. Izmer ahat inelmaden n ugezdu n tmaziɣt i yettarun deg tansa n faysbuk sexlaḍen gar tutlayt taqbaylit d tutlayt taԑrabt d tutlayt tafrensist. Yezmer ahat sexdamen imerḍilen id-yekkan si tutlayin nniḍen. Ahat ttawin-d yinelmaden n ugezdu n tmaziɣt yettarun deg tansa internet faysbuk awalen imaynuten. akken ad d-nerr ɣef tmukrist n tesleḍt tasnilsit n yinawa deg tansa internet faysbuk nebḍa tazrawt-agi ɣef sin n yiḥricen. Aḥric amenzu yebḍa yebḍa ɣef sin n yixfawen: Ixef amezwaru, d tasnarrayt newwi-d deg-s awal ɣef usentel i d-nefren, ttawilat d ttarrayt n unadi. Ixef wis sin nemmeslay-d ɣef teywelt id- yettilin s ttawil n uselkim d usbadu n wawalen igejdanen. Aḥric wis sin yebḍa yebḍa ɣef sin n yixfawen: Ixef amezwaru, nemmeslay-d deg-s ɣef usbadu n kra n tmiḍranin n umlil n tutlayin. Ixef wis sin deg-s ne#reḍ ad d-nesleḍ n iferdisen n tirawalt. S ukuz n yixfawen-agi i nessaweḍ ad d-nesleḍ kullec ɣef useqdec n tutlayt taqbaylit deg tansa n fasebuk. Taggrayt Deg wamud, nufa-d belli inelmaden n ugezdu n tutlayt n tmaziɣt sexdamen aṭas awalen ireṭṭalen id-yekkan si tutlayt taԑrabt d tefrensist. Sexdamen awalen imaynuten. Nessaweḍ daɣen ad d-nini d akken inelmaden n ugezdu n tutlayt n tmaziɣt sexdamen tutlayt taԑrabt d tutlayt tafrensist. Ur sexdamen aṭas arwas. Inelmaden n ugezdu n tutlayt n tmaziɣt ttarun am wakken i d-seṭqen awalen am wakken daɣen ur ttqadaren ara ilugan n tira n tutlayt n teqbaylit. Inelmaden n ugezdu n tutlayt n tmaziɣt ur semrasen ara asigez.