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Tafugla n urẓam tella-d s tihawt n uneɣlaf amenzu, Mass Aimene Benabderrahmane, kra n yimaslaḍen n unabaḍ, ifesyanen imingen n Tredsa Taɣelnawt Taɣerfant d kra n yimaslaḍen n tfekka tadiplumatit yettwawekklden deg Zzayer.
Deg yiwet n tinawt ay d-yeɣra ujiniṛal n tredsa Said Chanegriha i lmend n waya, yeckeṛ-d timagliwin iderwen yernu yessenṣef s wakk inaddalen, imasayen d yisleɣmayen ara iderwen deg tedyant-a.
D tikkelt tamezwarut aydeg ara d-tili tedyant-a taddalant deg Zzayer yernu d tin aydeg ara derwent 15 n tmura, yernu ti d Zzayer, Byilurusya, Burkina Faso, Ccinwa, Kungu, Lhend, Kirgizistan, Mali, Nicaragua, Rrus, Sudan, Surya, Taǧikistan, Venezuela d Vietnam.
Tafugla n urẓam d tin aydeg refden takbabt n turarin, wten-d aẓawan yernu llan-d deg-s kra n yisskanen iredsanen.


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Isekcamen ifessasen
Activités
Amaray Amatu n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa, Mass Si El Hachemi ASSAD, yemlal tanezayt n wass-a lexmis 16 yunyu 2022 akked Uselway n Usqamu Aɣerfan Aɣelnaw, Mass Brahim Boughali.
Amaray Amatu n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa, Mass Si El Hachemi ASSAD, yemlal tanezayt n wass-a lexmis 16 yunyu 2022 akked Uselway n Usqamu Aɣerfan Aɣelnaw, Mass Brahim Boughali. d…Lire la suite
Asqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa deg tmesrit n udlis n At Yanni.
Asqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa yerra-d i tinubga n Tiddukla tadelsant n yilmeẓyen n taɣiwant n At Yanni, ad yili, seg 24 ar 28 Mayyu 2022, deg tmesrit n udlis Mulud…Lire la suite
Tamaziɣt deg wuraren n wagrakal di Wehran.
Mass Si El Hachemi Assad, amaray amatu n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa akked yieeggalen yeddan yid-s mlalen ass n 20 yebrir 2022 di Wehran Mass Aziz Derouaz, amasay n wuraren…Lire la suite

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Izemmar bnadem ad yemsebḍa s waṭṭas aked Adɣirni, maca ameggaru-ya ittejja-ac uɣir ad zzay-k ikkes aweqqer. D wa d later i day-i ijja d nnec ttmelqiɣ akid-s di twalat tamezwarut di Nnaḍur deg useggas n 2009. Adɣirni d ijjen igga tizemmar-nnes d tiqemqamin maḥend Tmaziɣt ad teṭṭef amkan-nnes. Ta d tidet la d ijjen ma izemmer ad tt-inker.
Maca, amek ssneɣ, ɛemmers ma ifekker usinag n Tmaziɣt (IRCAM) ad t-issemɣer. Niɣ ad as-iwwec tasemɣurt tameqqrant n tussna n Tmaziɣt. Adɣirni wadji ɣir istahedj-it. Maca ammu i yeggint tisentutin n lmexzen. Ttmeyyakent x iwdan i yewcin tudert-nnsen i Tmaziɣt. Iwdan i iqesḥen, ig iṭṭfen deg imenzayen-nnsen. Adɣirni, ttuɣa wer tt-ikessi i ḥedd. S uya ɣer Lirkam, Ɛbesslam Aḥizun d ameɣnas n Tmaziɣt kter zi Adɣirni. Maɣer? Minzi Irkam iwwec-as tiwsi tameqqrant, maca amek nenna qbel, ɛemmers ma ifekker deg Adɣirni.
Waxxa netta d amɣar n tidet. Maca ɛawed, iɛda lexbar n lmewt axmi ca n ḥajet wer tuqiɛ. Lmidya n lmexzen qqae wer x-as d-ssiwlen. Minzi netta lebda d iɣes n tmijja. Eemmers ma issudem iɣallen niɣ ifassen n ḥedd. S manaya i yexsen ad ssinfen argaz-a. Maca ɛemmers ad asen-tili. Minzi Dda Ḥmad netta idwel d amessdwel (référence). Ad ɣer-s dewlen Imeɣnas Imaziɣen maḥend ad d-aymen ixarrisen-nnsen, lxezrat-nnsen ɣer umaḍal, ɣer Tmaziɣt.
S tidet ad qqimen ixarrisen-nnes netta lebda ddren. Dda Ḥmad, zeg iwdan ig ifehmen belli amxumbel n Tmaziɣt, d ijjen wemxumbel d apulitik. S uya ittxessa imassen d ipulitiken maḥend ad ibeddel lḥal n Tmaziɣt. S manaya netta ttuɣa iwweḍ ad igg akabar n Tmaziɣt. Maca lmexzen wer t-ijji ca. Tmaziɣt teḥwaj aṭṭas n imeɣnas ameknaw n Dda Ḥmad. Iwdan min ɣer illa lxezrat.
Netta zeg iwdan ig issnen melmi izemmer ad inhezz d mamek. D yina d marka n imeɣnas i teḥdaj Tmaziɣt. D ijjen marka n iwdan ig issnen Imaziɣen mliḥ. Issen abeṭṭu-nnsen. S manaya ittxes ad ten-ismun. Tuɣa-t d ijjen issen Tmaziɣt n Arrif. Wer yedji ca n ijjen issen Irifiyen kṭer zzag-s.


text:
Tasnilest tamatut
Amata ɣef umeslay d tutlayin [1][ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ameslay, Tutlayt, Timetti [ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Iwakken ad negzu amkan n tutlayt d wazal-is deg tudert n umdan, ilaq ad nwali assaɣen yellan gar tnekta-ya (tutlayt) akked snat n tnektiwin-nniḍen : ameslay d temetti.
Ameslay[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ameslay, yemgarad ɣef tutlayt. Imusnilsen (Ferdinand de Saussure; Noam Chomsky), ttwalin ameslay am wakken d tazmert tabyulujit i d-yettawi yal amdan deg wallaɣ-ines mi ara d-ilal. Tazmert-a, terza anagar amdan; ur tt-nettaf ara ɣur imudduren-nniḍen. Talɣiwin n taywalt ara naf ɣur kra n yimudduren, am tzizwa neɣ ibkan, mgaradent aṭas ɣef tulmisin n umeslay n umdan. Daɣ, ameslay d tagrumma n yilugan imadwanen s i yezmer umdan ad isayli tutlayin, ama d tin n tyemmat neɣ tid-nniḍen.
Tutlayt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Am wakken i nwala, d tazmert n umeslay (ilugan imadwanen) i d-yettaken tutlayt neɣ tutlayin (ilugan ikmamen). Ihi, ameslay d yiwen, yezdi akk imdanen. Ma d tultayin, ugtent, mgaradent akken mgaradent tmettiyin d yigduden i tent-yessawalen deg umaḍal. Tutlayt d allal n taywalt gar yimdanen n yiwet n temɣiwant tamutlayt.
Timetti[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Amdan ɣas yettawi-d yid-es tazmert n umeslay mi ara d-ilal, ur issawaḍ ara ad issayli tutlayt ma ur d-yekkir ara gar yimdanen. ɣef wakka ur tezmir ad tili tutlayt war ma tella tmetti. Am wakken daɣ tudert tinmettit teqqen ɣer tutlayt acku s tutlayt i ttmsefhamen medden; s yess i dssenfalayen assaɣen yettilin gar-assen. Yal agdud, meẓẓi neɣ meqqer, ila tutlayt i yessemras d allal n taywalt.
Tutlayin deg umaḍal/tutlayin n umaḍal[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ugten tutlayin deg umaḍal akken ugten yigduden d temɣiwanin i tent-yessawalen. ɣas azalnsent yiwen, ur telli tin i d-yekkan nnig tayeḍ, tutlayin-a mgaradent deg waṭas n tulmisin : amḍan n yimsiwlen, asermres d twuriwin, aẓayer, atg.
Amḍan n tutlayin deg umaḍal[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Imusnilsen mgaraden kra deg wayen yerzan amḍan i d-ttaken ɣef tutlayin yellan deg umaḍal. Llan gar-asen wid i d-yefkan amḍan n 5.000 n tutlayin ; wiyaḍ ssulin-t armi 7.000. Tamgardaya tekka-d seg wugur i d-nettmagar mi ara nebɣu ad neg tilisa gar tutlayin neɣ gar tantaliwin. Deg wanida kra n yimusnilsen ttwalin snat neɣ krad n tantaliwin icudden ɣer yiwet n tutlayt, wiyaḍ zemren ad walin snat neɣ krad n tutlayin yemgaraden.
Amḍan n yimsiwlen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Nezmer ad nebḍu tutlayin n umaḍal almend n umḍan n yimsiwlen-nsent. Llant tid i ssawalen nnig n mya n yimelyan n yimdanen : tamandarint, taglizit, taspenyulit, tahendit, atg. Akken llant tid i ssawalen kra n 1000 neɣ ddaw n 1000 (kra seg tutlayin n Wamaẓun d Tefriqt). Gar sin n yixfawen-a, ad naf tutlayin-nniḍen : talmanit (95.000.000), taṭelyanit (80. 000.000), takatalunit (10. 000. 000), tabaskit (800.000), atg. Ma d tutlayin ur nli wid i tent-yessawalen, ttusemmant d tutlayin yemmuten.
Tutlayin yuran/tutlayin timawin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg tadra-nsent, tutlayin akk d timawin. Almend n yinmezrayen, tira d tamaynut deg umezruy n talsa; tennulfa-d i tikkelt tamezwarut deg Sumer (Asamer Alelmmas) azal n 5.000 n yiseggasen aya. ɣas akken tira tettak afud i tutlayt, d allal n tneflit n yidles d tɣerma, drus n yiɣerfan i tt-yessemrasen. Dɣa amur ameqqran n tutlayin qqiment ar assa d timawin. Gar yigduden yessemrasen tira, llan wid i tt-isekcmen deg yal taɣult (tasekla, tasreḍt, tussna, taywalt, atg.). ɣur wiyaḍ, ad tt-naf anagar deg kra n taɣulin kan.
taneflt beleflit teqtel nemel we jrad l foq lard,zid tkharbish ta3 egbayel....etcheh wereh
Iḥricen d taɣulin tigejdanin n Tesnilest[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Tamsislit : D tussna, tzerrew imesla i d-yettefɣen seg taɣect n umdan ;
- Tasnimeslit : Tzerrew tawuri i lan yimesla d yimeslicen n yiwet n tutlayt ;
- Tasnalɣa : D tussna , tzerrew talɣiwin n wawalen Alɣac/Awalec ;
- Taseddast : Tzerrew amek i ddsent tefyar akked d wawalen i yellan deg-sent ;
- Tasnamka : Tzerrew anamek n wawal ;
Umuɣ n yidlisen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- ↑ ARNAUD, Antoine et LANCELOT, 1810, Grammaire générale et raisonnée [Deuxième édition], Bossange et Masson, Paris. AUSSANT, Emile, 2008, « La grammaire de Pāṇini: quand la conscience linguistique d'un grammairien devient celle de toute une communauté », Revue roumaine de linguistique, 4, vol. 53, pp. 377-387. BENVENISTE, Emile, 1966, Problèmes de linguistique générale, t. 1, Gallimard, Paris. BENVENISTE, Emile, 1974, Problèmes de linguistique générale, t. 2, Gallimard, Paris. BERKAÏ, Abdelaziz, 2009, Lexique de la linguistique français-anglais-tamazight, précédé d’un essai de typologie des procédés néologiques, Editions Achab, Tizi-Ouzou. BLOOMFIELD, Leonard, 1970, Le langage, Payot, Paris. BOUMALK, Abdallah ; NAÏT-ZERRAD Kamal (cord.), 2009. Amawal n tjerrumt. Vocabulaire grammatical, Ircam/Inalco. CHOMSKY, Noam, 1969, Structures syntaxiques, Le Seuil, Paris. CHOMSKY, Noam, 1971, Aspects de la théorie syntaxique, Le Seuil, Paris. DUBOIS, Jean ; GIACOMO, Mathée ; GUESPIN, Louis, [et all.], 1994, Dictionnaire de linguistique et des sciences du langage, Larousse, Paris. DUCROT, Oswald ; SCHAEFFER, Jean-Marie, 1995, Nouveau dictionnaire encyclopédique des sciences du langage, Editions du Seuil, Paris. FISHMAN, Joshua Aaron, 1971, Sociolinguistics. A brief introduction, Newbury House Publishers, Rowley, Massachusets. FUCHS Catherine et Le GOFFIC, Pierre, 1992, Les linguistiques contemporaines, repères théoriques, Hachette, Paris.


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Le Rifain
Ffɣen aɛecci n ssebt luluf n israyliyen di Lquds. Ttettren zi jjdid ḥuma ameqqran n lwuzara n Israil, Benyami Natanyahu, ad yejmeɛ leqcawec-nnes. Manaya, awarn i umi i t-ttahamen s tuɛɛefna d usugur-nnes aɛeffan i yiger n sseḥḥet x uɣezdis n usugi n lebbla n kuruna.
Zi beddu n unebdu, ttmunen yewdan di Israil awarn i kul ass n ssebt. Di tneddam timeqqranin, sɣuyyun baj ad itewwej Natanyahu. Wer dd-rrin lexber i leḥmu ula i ubirus n Covid-19.
Natanyahu, ɣer-s ttuhma n tuɛɛefna d tukkerḍa n tenɛacin. Netta d ameqqran n lwuzara weḥd-s deg umezruy n Israil i yettwattahmen amen iḥekkem ɛad.
Natanyahu, i yellan d amendah n ukabar n Likud (afusi) di Israil. Yiwy-itt deg yestayen (lintixabat) ineggura di mars. Uca yegga azellif aked Benny Gantz, saqaren-dd lḥukuma.


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Msebḍan izumal n Kuruna zi bnadem ɣer wenniḍen, jar timessi, tusut i yuẓɣen, tiqqest uzellif, aɣufi d izumal nniḍen. Maca tettwagg ijjen tɣuri tenna belli zemmren izumal-a ad ilin s ijjen usettef. Mayen ɣa iɛawnen ɣer ugenfi n lehlak-a, d aya i yenna ijjen uneqqis tegg-it-id CBS Tamarikant.
Imerzuten, i yeggin tarezzut-a di tesdawit n yeffus n Kalifurniya, fsaren-tt deg ijjen tesɣunt qqaren-as « Frontiers in Public Health ». Bedden di tɣuri-nnsen x ddwaṣa n ca n 55 alef n imehlak s Kuruna di Ccinwa.
Xenni, ufin belli asettef n izumal n lehlak n Kuruna netta d wa: Timessi, tusut d uhellek n ddat, anṣar niɣ trarit d ubeṛṛuḍ.
Tɣuri teqqar qa maci merra imehlak ttasen-asen-dd izumal-a s yixef-nnsen. Maca aqqa asettef-a izemmer ad iɛawen ḥuma ad nefrez lehlak-a x lehlakat nniḍen yettwassnen.
Ɛawed, aqqa timessi d tusut qqnen ɣer waṭṭas n lehlakat nniḍen, ameknaw arrwaḥ. Maca aqqa abani-nnsen aked izumal n uberruḍ d uɛeddis i yuzzlen d manaya i ttejjan abirus-a iban.
D manaya ig inna uduktur Peter Kuhn, i yellan d amerzu di tesdawit n Kalifurniya, maḥend ad nebḍa arrwaḥ i yellan nurmal aked Kuruna abirus. Jarkter ila wer iqqim walu ad nadef lexrif i di ittili arrwaḥ s waṭṭas.
Alaḥsab mayen tenna France Presse, lehlak n Kuruna yiwweḍ ad yelqef 20.9 melyun n yiwdan deg umaḍal. Mmuten zzag-s 754649 n yiwdan ar lux.
Tala: Alhurra


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Deg ussan yeɛdun yemser waṭṭas n wawal jer Irifiyyen belli Aliman, ixes ad yerẓem i ixeddamen zi barra. Niɣ mamek qqarn s wawal n leqhawi: Aliman ad yerẓem i lekwaɣeḍ. Deg umegraḍ anekkes afray x uneɣmis‑a (Lexbar), a nessen tidet, deg ixarriqen.
Pulitik n wenɛarq deg uliman tella zeg wami yella Uliman, deg ineggura‑ya n iseggusa, tedwel d ijj n ṭṭema labud a x‑as yili wawal melmi reccḥen i lintixab. Igrawen marra tteggen‑tt deg uprugram‑nsen, Jer wenni yexsen imenneɛraq, d wenni yexsen ad yazzel x yinni da, marra qat ɣer‑sen d ij n lkartet ttiraren zeg‑sen.
Lḥukuma n useggwasa, tettwassen s “Ampel” , i yexsen ad yini sṭup n yebriden, izegzawen n twennaḍt (Envirement), Spd (Agraw asuṣyal, azeggwaɣ) FDP (ilibiraliyyen, awraɣ), Igrawen‑a msafaqen x waṭṭas n tmeslayin, munen mani wer yettmun ḥed, minzi lxezrat‑nsen temsebḍa deg waṭṭas n tmeslayin. Zi min xef firmarn, d lqanun amaynu n wenɛarq.Kunṭra‑ya, tiwi‑asen‑dd aṭṭas n ukritik zeg igrawen‑nneɣni, d waṭṭasn Ilimaniyyen,
1- D amezwar, inni yellan deg uliman
Aṭṭas n imenneɛraq deg iseggusa yeɛdun, inni d irewlen zeg iɣewwiɣen d umquṭṭes, niɣ iḍriben, d yenni wer ɣer llin lekwaɣeḍ. Ssa d usawen ad x‑asen yehwen lḥal. Aṭaf zemmern ad ggen lekwaɣeḍ, wer ttɣimin mkul twalat tticen‑asen sett‑chur niɣ d ɛam n visa waha. Min isseqsiḥen afsay deg wamun aliman, xsen ad teksen. Iwdan‑a ad yedwel ɣer‑sen lḥeq ad xedmen. A ten‑ɛayaren s lekwaɣeḍ umi semman “lekwaɣeḍ n ujarreb”. Di lweqt nni di ten‑ɣa‑jarrben, ixessa ad ḍebbren x uzellif‑nsen, ad afen lxedmet.
Kritik: Agraw n merkel (CDU), ittwala wa d acejjeɛ x ukular ɣer Uliman, wer yettɣimi manaya deg yenni da waha, maca ad mmernin inneɣni.
2 – Ljinsiya deɣya, bla ibuda
Ampel txes ad tessehwen lqanun n ljinsiyya. Ssa d usawen ataf aweni xemsa n iseggusa deg uliman, izemmar utarras ad yegg ljinsiyya. Wenni dd‑ɣa‑ifesyen (Integration) mliḥ deg wamun Aliman, izemmer adyeksi passpurt Aliman di telt‑snin. Lqanun yellan lexxu, yeqqar temn‑snin.
Amec tamunt‑a n yegrawen txes ad tbeddel lqanun, ataf iwdan xmi ɣa ksin passpurt Aliman, zemmern a ɣer‑sen jjen passpurt n tmurt‑nsen (ljinsiya dubli). Midden ixelqen da ɛawed, ixessa a x‑asen yehwen ad cerken deg upulitik Uliman.
3- Afessel di lqanun n ixeddamen zi barra
Tamunt n yegrawen iḥekkmen aliman, xsen ad ggen ij n usistim d jjdid i ixeddamen yexsen ad adfen zi barra ad xedmen zeg Uliman. Xsen ad ggen ij n usistim am Green Card n Kanada. Asistim yebna x tneqqiḍin, Maca deg Uliman ɛad wer nnin man tneqqiḍin (ccuruṭ) i xef ɣa yebna usistim‑a. Zeg ij n uɣeẓḍis nneɣni, xsen ad shewnen asemquddi n ddiplumat n barra deg Uliman.
4- Asidef n Familiyya
Asidef Familiya xsen ad tsehwen x yeḍriben, Wenni ɣa yeksin llujuē deg uliman, Ataf izemmer ad yessidef tamɣart‑nnes, d iḥenjiren‑nnes wer ywiḍen 18 iseggusa. Lqanun‑a ad iɛawen aṭṭas n Isuriyyen d Afɣanat, i yejjin lwallay‑nsen di lxaṭar.
Tina d ca waha zi tneqqiḍin i yemmarsen di kunṭra n lqanun n jjdid n imenneɛraq. Min yecqarn Irifiyyen d dyaspura, d Punktu amezwar d wiss 2, maca ixessa ad rajan cwayt ar dd‑ɣa‑yban ufessel n lqanun‑nican. Ataf ad ssnen ma zemmern ad ggen lekwaɣeḍ ma lla. Maḥend ad awyen tteḥqiq di manaya, ixessa ad sseqsan ibuɣawen ittkellfen s yemxumbal n imenneɛraq. Zemmern a ten‑ɛawnen s waṭṭas.
Irifiyyen n Arif, ixessa ad rajan maḥend ad iban man Ipunktuten i ɣa‑yettwaggen i usidef n ixeddamen. Ssa ar din ɛad wer din bu ca n lxebar, x ma ad ssidfen zi dduniyt marra, ma zi ca n tmura waha? ad rren taynit i ddiplumat kṭar zi ssenɛet? Min ɣa yeqqimen d awal x manaya, ad yili marra d awal waha, lexber n tidet ad iban di min dd‑yegguren n wussan.


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Mostafa Ettalmouti
« Anhezzi n wadjun ɣer zznayar n tudert! » d ameqqar n yijj n wedlis iffeɣ-dd d amaynu.
Bellegleg d ijj n utarras ittexs tussna-nnes ittexs ad xaf-s iɣar, zgg°ami yeẓra adlis-nni, idwel ittxarras mammec ɣa yegg ad t-iseɣ ataɣ ad nhezzen wussan n tudert-nnes ra d ntta.
Ismun tizemmar-nnes, iṭṭef abrid ɣer tinidlisen ad yawi adlis-nnes i xef tuɣa yarzzu, amen yeggur aked webrid, imsagar aked yijj n umedyaz issen-it aṭṭas zegg°ami, iqeṭṭu zznayar n wadjun-nnes s wekea d ujefjef!
Bellegleg iṭṭebhet deg umedyaz d min ittegg! ibed ɣar-s, isseqsa-t:
– Maɣar i das-tgged amenni i wadjun-nni?
ma teɣli xaf-k tfuct-niɣ?!!
Irra xafs s ijj n tnixt teqqes inna as:
-Minzi lefqi ass-a inna-neɣ qa areqqas n rebbi yenna ddez ḥaram ddef ḥalal, s uya qa ttekseɣ-as ddez i wadjun-a, ad idwel itteg ddef waha xenni ad tafed ḥalal ad day-s wteɣ.
Iqqim bellegleg ijeeear di min das-inna umedyaz, uca isseqsa ixf-nnes:
– Umi ddez n wadjun ḥaram la d adlis irzzuɣ ad sɣeɣ ad yili ḥaram?!!!!
Amen yeggur ɣar tinidlisn, iqqar aked yexf-nnes:
-Ddez n tudert yujar wnni n wadjun a ssi lefqi!!


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Deg tidet, awanak iṣerref aṭas n yidrimen deg ugzum-a axatar d usnuddsan yernu ussisen-nnes banen-d deg unrar s tmeṣkiwt n waṭas n yibriden, ibriden imazzalen, iẓeḍwa n ubrid n wuzzal, izirigen n uṭramway d umiṭru, inafagen d yisugan.
Mi tewwu Zzayer azarug, tella tesɛa aẓeḍwu d imlesses n yibriden, abrid n wuzzal d tdumṣukin n uzadur ay yellan, s umata, deg wasunen aydeg zedɣen yimharsen, deg wakud aydeg taɣerfa tazzayrit tella tedder deg tiggullelt d uɣḍas ummid.
I lmend n uqḍaɛ n uɛeṭṭel ay d-yellan deg 132 n yiseggasen n uwdag afṛansi d usedwet n yisraten n uwliwel n medden d yifarisen, fkan yiduba inagduden tixxutert d tameqqrant i yibriden.
Yewɛeṛ ad d-neg tacrawt d tummidt n yisenfaren ifuken deg ugzum n umesni deg wakk timnaḍin n ugelluy aɣelnaw, maca ad d-nebder, s tɣawla, tidumṣukin tigejdanin ay d-yellan deg tɣult-a.
Deg tɣult n yimahilen inagduden, tamurt tebna-d Abrid Amazzal Agmuḍ-Ataram s teɣzef n 1200 n yikilumitren, am wakken ay tebda aṭas n yibriden imazzalen, ibriden iɣelnawen, ibriden iruraden, ibriden imadafen d yibriden n tuqqna.
Tidumṣukin-a tibridanin d tid ay yeǧǧan Zzayer ad tesɛu aẓeḍwu abridan aɣezfan akk deg Tefriqt s 110.000 n yikilumitren, deg wakud aydeg, deg 1962, tella tesɛa kan 73.000 n yikilumitren yernu ala 18.000 ay yellan ssan.
Ussis deg tmeṣkiwt n tdumṣukin tisagnanin d win ay yeǧǧan tamurt ad tesɛi 10 n yisagnen inezzanen, gar-asen kraḍ n yisagnen ipitṛulanen d wazal n 45 n yisagnen n umzel d usislem.
Tamurt tesɛa daɣ tanawt tawlalt n 14 n yiɣerruba imeqqranen i umesni n yilzazen (gar-asen sin d iɣerruba usligen iɣelnawen) d 3 n yiɣerruba n umesni n yimsiklen, am wakken ay tesɛa taṛmist n uṣeggem n yiɣerruba, yernu ahil yettwaḍfaren ass-a d win ara yeǧǧen Zzayer ad tesɛu 25 n yiɣerruba imeqqranen i umesni n yilzazen.
Deg wayen yerzan tidumṣukin tinafganen, tebna Zzayer 36 n yinafagen seg wasmi ay tewwi azarug, gar-asen 20 ttwamaden i umesni agraɣlan, ma d 16 ttwamaden i umesni agensi.
Amḍan n yisafagen ay tesɛa tmurt yewweḍ ɣer 70 yernu snat n teṛmisin ay ten-yettamden: Air Algerie (55) d Tassili Airlines (15).
Abaɣur anmetti-adamsan meqqren
Abrid n wuzzal d win yennegman daɣ s waṭas seg wasmi ay tewwi tmurt azarug. Zzayer, ass-a, tesɛa aẓeḍwu abruzzlan n 4.498 n yikilumitren yernu iḥuza-d 30 n twilayin, am wakken ay yessawaḍ ama d imsiklen, ama d ilzazen. Aẓeḍwu-a d yiwen seg wid yennegman akk deg Tefriqt.
Ahil abruzzlan ay d-smutgen yiduba unnigen n tmurt d win yettḥakaṛen ad yessiweḍ aẓeḍwu n tmurt ɣer 9.000 n yikilumitren yernu d win yekkaten ad yeqqen timnaḍin n ugafa n tmurt ɣer tid n unẓul uggig.
Daɣ, Zzayer tettmahal akken ad tessetres aẓeḍwu abruzzlan akken ad tesselhu asikel yernu ad tessenqes amdes d wahit n uzlay n yilawayen.
Asumer n umesni s ubrid n wuzzal yennerna deg yiseggasen-a ineggura s useḍru n yizirigen n uṭramway deg mennaw n tmedinin n tmurt (Zzayer, Wehṛan, Qsenṭina, Sḍif, Mestɣanem, Sidi Belɛebbas, Waregla), izirigen n umiṭru n Zzayer Tamaneɣt akked yimesniyen niḍen am uzaruɣan.
Isenfaren-a d wid ay d-yeglan s ubaɣur anmetti-adamsan d ameqqran ɣef tmurt yernu yedrew degh uselhu n tegnatin n uzlay, am wakken ay yesnerna armud d tinnuzɣa tadamsant n tmurt. Aya inezzeɣ-d daɣ imerrayen.
Yessefk daɣ ad nakez dakken isenfaren-a d wid ay ifuken aɣḍas n mennaw n temnaḍin tuɣḍisin, am wakken ay d-yerra azal i waṭas n tbuɣar tigamanin tidiganin d tɣelnawin. Amesni yesseɣnew-d daɣ aṭas n temras yernu yesselha tagnit n tmeddurt n tɣerfa.
Tasnuddest ay yeḍfer uwanak deg tɣula-a tefka-d igumma s umḍan yettnernin n yimdanen yesseqdacen abrid n wuzzal, ibriden ikalanen, asafag d uɣerrabu.
Iduba inagduden d teṛmisin n wammad n yiẓeḍwa-a d wid yettmahalen, ass-a, i uselhu n tɣara n umeẓlu, asemḍen n wakk imeẓla, asɣuni n yiskaren n umesni yemgerraden d ubdad i tlujistit n yimsemhal idamsanen.


text:
Akitu, niɣ ixf n useggas n ibabilen d iyacuren, d netta i yellan d lɛid aqdim qeɛ deg umezruy n yewdan. Ttbeddan ɣer-s ɣer nhar-a ɛad deg umezwaru n abril di mkul aseggas.
Deg wemkan-nni i umi qqaren Lqeḥṭaniya di tendint n Lḥasaka ḍarreɛ n Surya, ttbeddan iyacuren ɣer lɛid-a, ferrḥen zeg-s, ttirḍen ij n weklasi n warruḍ-nsen, ceṭṭḥen, ḥuma a dd-snewjwen aseggas-nsen amaynu i yiwḍen ɣer 6771 s tteqwim-nsen.
Iyacuren d ikeldanen d isuryanen di Lɛiraq d Surya, ferrḥen s lɛid-a, waxxa nitni wer ḍeffren bu ca n ddin zi ddiyanat n tɣermiwin tiqdimin i ttuɣa yellan di tmurt-nsen qbel i luluf n lesnin.
Dtidet, ina d imasiḥiyen, maca ḥḍan leɛwayed-nsen tiqdimin, wer tent-weddren ca. Temsar-as am nnuruz ɣer ikurdiyen d ifarisiyen, am « camm nnasim » ɛawed ɣer imisriyen, iyacuren d ikeldanen d isuryanen ḥḍan leɛwayed n tɣerma tababilit d tɣerma tasumarit d tɣerma takeldant, i yellan d tiɣermiwin wtint iẓewran di tuɣbayt n umezruy.
Ttuɣa ttbeddan yeyduden iqdimen n Lɛiraq d Surya ɣer leɛyudat i di ferrḥen s userwet d taẓẓut…
msebḍan yinni irezzun deg umezruy x lmeɛna n « akitu », yenna umerzu aɛiraqi di Xazɛal Lmajidi di manaya, aqa awal-a yexs ad yini: asides n waman ɣer tmurt. Maca di wi yeqqaren aqa lmeɛna-nnes: tiḥebba n yirden.
Tiḥuja tiqdimin qqarent aqa xmi i dd-tettenneḍ tefsut, manaya yexs ad yini ila akuc « Dumuzi » niɣ « Tamuz » yuli-dd zeg umaḍal n yinni yemmuten, yedwel-dd ɣer tudert, amen dd-ittɛaqqab uɛeqqa ɣer tmurt xmi dd-iɣemmi zi jjdid, s twasit n tefsut, d ugama i ideḥḥan d amaynu.
Ɛlaḥsab Encyclopædia Britannica, akitu di tɣerma tababilit ttuɣa-t d ij n lɛid n taẓẓut d tsessawt.
Amerzu akadiman asuri Ferras Ssewwaḥ, yessers afus x wunuḍ n ugama di tɣerma n Lɛiraq d Surya taqdimt.
Yessken ɣer yij n weḍris d azegrar deg-s merra min ixessen ad yettwagg deg wussan n lɛid-a i ittekken tenɛac n wussan.
Deg wass wiss rebɛa, ttuɣa ittadef ujellid ɣer wemkan mani i ɛebbden, sɣiman-t lkahana zzat i lesnam n wakuc Mardux niɣ Marduk, ttekksen-as ureɣ-nnes, ccaten-t s useqqil, uca ttbezzazen x-as ad yerkeɛ i wakuc i dd ɣa yesleqḥen agama, a t-idd-yesmaynu ( a t-yerr d amaynu).
Ɛlaḥsab min yellan di tḥuja n ibabiliyen; aqa akuc Mardux yemmut qbel ma a dd-yedwel ɣer tudert di tefsut. Ittsemma yewqeɛ ij n wemxerwaḍ deg usistim n umaḍal. S uyenni, qbel i lɛid, ttuɣa tettewqiɛ lfuḍa. Ttuɣa ttawyen-dd ij n lmujrim ili ḥekmen x-as a t-nɣen, sɣiman-t x lkursi, ttirḍen-as arruḍ n ujellid.
Yessiwel Ḥenna Ṣumi, i yellan d ijjen zi tmesmunt tadelsant tasurnait di Sutya, yenna: « aqa ajellid ttuɣa yennay x yij n tkerrut, uca itteṭṭef-it weydud zeg umeẓẓuɣ. Manaya d ij n tteswirt teqqar ila ajellid ittxessa-t ad isel ɣer weydud. zi ssenni, a das-yini ujellid i weydud: qim deg wemkan-ini »
Yerni yenna: « zegga i ɣa yeqqim weydud deg wemkan-nnes, ad iwedder ujellid jer yewdan. Ad tewqeɛ lfuḍa d arrwina di Babil, ar ass n 1 zi abril, xenni i ɣa afen ajellid, ad tkumasa lefraḥet d ccḍiḥ… Axerriq n abril ssa i dd-yekka, yeqqar belli ajellid wer iwedder ca nican, d asniɛmel waha! ».
Ɣer lexxu, ɛad ttbeddan ɣer lɛid-a, ferrḥen zeg-s amen i ttuɣa zeg-s ferrḥen yegduden iqdimen. Ceṭṭḥen, ttirḍen arruḍ izewweq, ilellec, ttsaqaren-dd tilwiḥin d tidramiyin sskanent ɣer tdewla n tudert zi tmurt awarn i wenẓar.
tala: BBC


text:
Aksel (aɣersiw)
Aksel neɣ Aksil (Assaɣ ussnan: Panthera tigris) d aɣersiw asuṭad amseksum meqqren s waṭas yeṭṭafar tawacult n tserɣuda, Dɣa d netta ig meqren yakk deg twacult-is, Azunmenẓaw n Lhend d tamurt-is taẓaṛant anda i ttidiren wazal n 80% n iksilen n umadal, Aksil yettidir deg tẓegwa d tegnatin n tuga acku aglem-is imzerreg yettalel-it deg usengel (tuffra) i wakken ad tegmer tigemrawin-is yettazalen ugar-is, Aksil d amcic iy keccmen ar waman deg wussan n wezɣal ɣas akken ur yessin ara ad yerdeb am uyagwar
Agmar[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Aksil d aɣersiw amyiwen igemmer iɣersiwen imstugen imeqranen neɣ imnummsen n ubleɣ am izerzer d yilfan d imugayen n waman
Afgan d amihi agejdan iy tteggzen Aksil, acku igemmer Talmest-a s tuget i wakken ad yawi alemsir-is d yiɣsan-is yettwarna ɣef wannect-a agzam n tẓegwa iy ǧǧan ad yirẓ (ad yexser) idgan n tmezduɣt-i
Tugdudin d yidgan n tudert[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Amdan n iksilen d win yudren s waṭas, acku send n tsut llan ttidiren wazal n 100,000 n iksilen deg tɣennawt (lexlawi) maca tura uɣalen anagar 5,000 kan n iqerruyen deg telmest-a, ɣef wannect-a yessers-it Umuɣ azeggaɣ n IUCN d talmest yettwaggzen s umihi wengar
Azal ameqran n iksilen ttidiren deg usamar d uneẓul n Asya
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tiddi n weksel tettawaṭ ar 4 m (s uqerry d tfekka d usallaf), yettazen alamma d 300 kg ayen yegdan azuk n kra n tserɣuda inegren.
Aksel d aɣersiw yettnamayen s waṭas acku tettidir seg Tayga deg Sibirya alamma d tegnatin n tuga deg Lhend


text:
Deg ijjen tebrat terẓem, sekken-tt lwacun n Salma Lḥeddadi. Taḥenjirt tameẓẓyant (08 issgg°asen) ɣer umawas n daxel, amɣar n lḥukuma d useqqim n izerfan n ufgan (CNDH)… Tettren dag-s, ḥma ad innurẓem ijjen lankiṭ x lmewt n yelli-tsen di Spiṭar n Lḥasani. Di tebrat-nni (xzer s-wadday) nnan dag-s lwacun n tgellint, ila weyyen Salma ɣer spiṭar zegga tuɣa i das-itteqqes uɛeddis-nnes aṭṭas, maca ufin spiṭar ixwa.
Laɣan i yijj n dduktur (F.) itter zzag-s arracka n 6000 Dh ḥuma ad igg aparasyu x tḥenjirt, minzi, amec qqaren lwacun, ila aqqet di bakansi, manaya ittegg-it ɣer berra i lxedmet-nnes.
Lwacun n tḥenjirt, nnan, ila yegga aparasyu, uca yugur, bla ma ad yeḥḍa taḥenjirt ad yexzer mamec tuɣa yella lḥal-nnes. Qqimen ammu ar mani temmut tḥenjirt tameẓẓyant ass n tlata 04 Ɣuct 2020.
X manaya, ittetter lwacun ad reẓmen lunkiṭ x mamec ssinfen taḥenjirt-a wer dag-s tt-id-wwyen qaɛ di spiṭar ar mani temmut.


text:
Tapulisistimt d ict n tseṭṭa zi tɣuriwin n usuɣel, tessers tirsal (llsas) n tmassant tatrart n usuɣel, tban-dd tiẓirt-a deg uzyen ameggaru n usatu wiss 20 di tesdawit n Tel-Aviv, aked imussnawen: Evan Zohar d Gideon Toury.
Asenti-nnes yusa-dd awerni tarezzutin n Evan Zohar jar 1970 d 1980, ttwafsarent d adlis sadu wezwel n: Tifray deg usefru amezruyan “Papers in historical poetics”.
Yuyem-dd Evan Zohar zeg imenzayen n tinmel talɣant Tarusit i d-yussin zzat nnes, iksi aṭṭas zeg iremmusen-nnes amecnaw:
- Tanseklant (Literariness)
- ilugnen inseklanen (Literary norms)
- tabaṛṛanit(Defamiliarization)
Asissen n tiẓiṛt a yecqa mayenzi iccur s iremmusen qquren, ttawyen ɣer aya d uya, mserwasen, ttemsadafen jar-asen… ad niydar cwayt zi mammec ɣar-s xezzaren ayt bab-nnes:
Tiɣuriwin tinseklanin ittxissa ad ttwaɣrent deg unegraw anseklan amatay n unamur d tdelsa d umezruy n tutlayt taswettast. S uya, asuɣel d ijj n wagraw ɣar-s tɣuni aked tussna n unamur ameswuttus.
Awarni Evan Zohar yusa-dd umrezzu Gedeon Toury yerni ɣer tiẓiṛt-a, yuca afus deg usbuɣlu-nnes, ibezzez “insist” xef usuɣel asnummal deg umcan n usuɣel asnilsan i ttuɣa yutin iẓuran deg wakud-nni, ifsar sin n idlisen ismun day-sen ixaṛṛisen-nnes:
- In Search of a Theory of Translation (1980)
- Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond (1995)
Gedeon Toury ibḍa isbdaden n usuɣel xef kraḍ n iswiren:
- Isebdaden n usenti (initial norms)
- Isebdaden zzat i usuɣel (prelimenary norms)
- Isebdaden deg usemhel n usuɣel (operational norms)
Aya ijja-t ad issers izerfan n usuɣel umi yegga:
- Azref n tyumi tanawayt (Law of growing standarization)
- Azref amekcam (Law of interference)
Tyumi tanawayt yexs ad zzay-s yini aqqa amesuɣel ittraḥ issenfal “substitute” isatalen ixef ibedd uḍris aɣbalu deg usuɣel, ittegg asfeḍ d usizdeg, ikessi awalen i yellan qqazen di tutlayt taswettust, manaya ittawi ɣer ict n tnawayt, war tettili tamamakt tiriw.
Amkcem yexs ad zzays yini taḍfart n umawal d tuskiwt d talɣa n tutlayt taɣbalut deg uḍris ittwasuɣlen.
S usegzel, tiẓiṛt-a tejja lxezrat n usufu “ fidelity ” niɣ d takrrest “betrayal ” war ttriḥent deg yiger n usuɣel.
Aṭṭas n twuriwin twaggent deg yiger a n usuɣel s teḍfart n tebridt-a, ad niydar:
- Iɣarḍayen d midden, Mizian rahou, ungal, 2020.
- MARX DI ARRIF, Mohamed Farissi d Hamza Zarraoui, tamzgunt, 2021.
Da nesrusa ijj n useqsi ad iqqim yerẓem, ma tiẓiṛt-a ad tuc ṣṣabet “ yield ” i usuɣel ɣer tmaziɣt? S ijj n wawal-nneɣni, tamaziɣt d ict n tutlayt yudrus umawal “ lexicon ” nnes, bac ad nessiriw amawal-a, ad nerni zi tdelsawin d tussnawin-nneɣni min war ɣar-neɣ yellin, niɣ ad neqqim netteg allas n tira “ rewriting ”s bla tamerniwt-nsen tamamkant “ qualitative ”.


text:
Ddriwec ittwazemmem dag-s iḍennaḍ 14 Kṭuber ca n 17 n waddaden d jjdid. Xenni ad yaweḍ waddad ar 116 ihelken zeg wami i d-iban Kuruna. Inni ihelken bḍan x Ben Ṭiyyeb d Ayt Mayet s ijjen waddad, tnayen di Buḍinar d Tazaɣin. Mamec ittwazemmem tlata n waddaden di Lekbdani. Jar i 116 nni i d-ibanen di Ddriwec, 66 ggenfan d 48 ɛad ksin abirus-a wanita.
Ageɛɛed n imehlak s Kuruna di Ddriwec d spiṭar igga ma ad t-reẓmen ɛad. Ddriwec d anict min t-iqedden ittedder bla spiṭar. Ca n imeɣnas zi ssandikat nnan mala walu ad nhezzen maḥend ad ɛebbẓen x iwdan n seḥḥet ad t-reẓmen.
Ddriwec ittwazemmem dag-s iḍennaḍ 14 Kṭuber ca n 17 n waddaden d jjdid. Xenni ad yaweḍ waddad ar 116 ihelken zeg wami i d-iban Kuruna. Inni ihelken bḍan x Ben Ṭiyyeb d Ayt Mayet s ijjen waddad, tnayen di Buḍinar d Tazaɣin. Mamec ittwazemmem tlata n waddaden di Lekbdani. Jar i 116 nni i d-ibanen di Ddriwec, 66 ggenfan d 48 ɛad ksin abirus-a wanita.


text:
Di min ttÉawaden di zik n wussan. TtuÉ£a tḥenjirt tecna aá¹á¹as, qqarenâas taslit, taslit ixes ad yini s tmaziÉ£t tanemract niÉ£ tanexá¸abt. Tasrit ttuÉ£a degâs leḥya aá¹á¹as, Éawed ttuÉ£a tteÉjibenâas waman.
TteÉjibentâas talawin d iÉ£eáºran. Tettirar deg waman s tá¸uá¸inânnes tileqqaÉ£in, tettruccaâten deg ujenna, weá¹á¹anâdd xâas am wenáºar, ittuff zegâs wudemânnes anemraḥ, am tettÉ£ennaj izlan yessá¹ebhaten ijá¸aḠd lesjur.
Taslit ttuÉ£a min É£a tekk di nhar, nettat tettawi tettera x talawin d iÉ£eáºran, tsess zegâs tesḥinnib i wamanânsen. Tettefer degâsen zeg tiá¹á¹awin n imeÉcaq zi tarwa n ddcar.
Ij nhar, taslit ttuÉ£a teqqim x tma n ij n tala am lebda, ttuÉ£a yessignu lḥal, ajjaj d usegnu ggurenâdd ad awá¸en ddcar, ineddehâiten wakkuc n waman umi qqarn âAnáºarâ. A ten yawi É£a ca n tmurt ad ttâyessu.
Cwayt yexáºer di tmurt, yerra taynit i tmurt, yettbanâasâdd ca n yetri ireqq, zeg itran i yesruqqan dduniyt n wakucen, atiÉ£ yewá¸aâdd senni x tmura n Lewras?. Cwayt yettwala itriânni hezza yeffus d áºelmeá¸. Yewta di lxeáºrat, isuḠx usegnu ssa d ssiha. Yuzzel deg ujenna, ar mani yiweḠsennejânnes. Ucca yebá¸a ittesla i yezlan s ij n tnixt urid n ayt bab n tmurt. Yudes É£erâs, yettwala din Taslit, tessili abeḥrur, ad tadef deg waman amen tettÉ£ennaj izlan.
Anáºar ibedd degâs nnefs, Éemmers ma yeáºra aáºáºri am wenni, tenni urid d itri yewá¸aâdd zeg ujenna, tenni ij n bnadema, Éemmars ma yeáºra ca n yijt am nettat. Yeáºra zzinânnes, yeáºra ra d ulânnes yessfan, yettwalaâtt tceÉÉel am ca n yitri, á¹á¹ya nnes icuq marra idurar.
Yeqqar deg yixefânnes, âmamec É£a yegg ca n bnadem ad yaweḠqaÉ anict uya n tcuni d resfayyetâ mani yexáºer mliḥ di daxelânnes, yeáºra leḥya nni degâs, d udurri i teddurruy zeg imeÉcaq, dinni yessen mayemmi tessfa qaÉ anict uyenni.
Zi nharânni, Anzar yeáºdeÉ£ x idurar n Lewras, yedwel ittxess taslit wer izemmer a xâas ibeÉÉed, ikkar ixezzer degâs, ittic i tmura n ImaziÉ£en aman s qaÉ yeklusaânsen. S lweq d bla lweqt. Ar mani tezzizew tmurt, tedwel wer din la d ij n tmurt teÉ£mi am tmurt n imaziÉ£en.
Ayt bab n ddcar, llehmen i teslit mermi mma É£a tali É£er wedrar, ad tebda ad tÉ£ennej, lexdenni iddâÉ£aâyergeb usegnu, lexdenni ddâÉ£a hwan waman zeg ujenna. Nettat tedwel É£erâsen am ca n temrabeá¸t, maca Anzar ttuÉ£at yedduquzz weḥdes deg ujenna yettru x tayriânnes. Ma a dasâyini i teslit belli ittexsâitt, niÉ£ ad isiÉ£i deg uÉeffar, minzi netta d Akuc, wer izemmer ad yawi ijt zeg yewdan.
Ifekker ar mani yuḥḥel, uca yegga ad yehwa É£er teslit a das yini tidet s minzi mma. Ad ttâyexá¸eb x babaâs.
X ij n tuffut, ttuÉ£a taslit teqqim É£er ij n ulegmam zeg ilegmamen i das i werá¸a llifânni wer tessin. Uca ad yedduqeáºáº ij n wajjaj di tmurt, ihezzâitt amen tekmel. Tfawt n wajjajânni, deÉ£ya tedwel d ij n wargaz . Taslit tennexleÉ, tmesmer di tmurt, tessadar tiá¹á¹awin.
Iqerreb É£erâs, yennaâs min yeÉna, s ij n weqqar d ameqran. Taslit tumnit, minzi teáºra s tiá¹á¹awinânnes min yemsern. Yennaâs belli Akuc wer táºerren illa yewdan i É£er yella wul yessfa am teslit, Yettwalat tessedḥa, yennaâs: ejj ar ca n ttwalat nneÉ£ni ad dewleÉ£, ataf a nessiwel.
Taslit tugi, wer teqbil ad teffer x babaâs. Waxxa d akuc, wer kidâs tettmun bla ma yessen babaâs.
Teá¹á¹ef tazzra É£er taddart nsen terwel, netta yezweÉ£ imesmer di tmurt
Sidiâs n ujenna d tmurt wer yefhim min yemsern. Yedwel ittasâdd É£er teslit mkul nnhar, ittḥeccemâitt, nettat trakkwal, ar mani d aneggar iÉjebâas, texsâit, maca ttuÉ£a teffer xâas, netta yessen maca yegga ixefânnes wer yessin. Lami yudef É£er wul nnes, yufa wer tzemmar ad tesxa zi ddcar, ula zeg zi taddartânsen, wer tzemmer ad tesmeḥ di tnamitin d leÉwayedânnes. Ad traḥ ad tedder deg ij n wemcan wer tessin min degâs. Æawed taqbiltânnes wer ttexs lemlak aked midden.
Ussan dewlen d lechur, netta iá¸effer degâs, nettat trakkwal zegâs.
Anáºar wer yerá¸i s min das ittemsarn, netta d Akuc, yessemáºi zeg yixefânnes, yewcaâs i llifânnes lweqt, d marra min txess, maca nettat wer das tewci ula d awal. Axiyyeq nni das imunen deg ul, yedwel zegâs É£er ujenna, dewlen kidâs waman, yugur usegnu i ttuÉ£a yeccurn timura n ImaziÉ£en, tedwelâdd tfukt n Tefriqt yessekmaá¸en. Bdan ttazÉ£en iÉ£eáºran d talawin, ilegmam yeqqim zegâsen É£ir ucal, LazaÉ£ yecca tamurt, wer degâs teqqim rriḥet n tudert.
Æad i tefhem Teslit belli anáºar nni marra xâas nettat i ttuÉ£a yeccat, maḥend ad tedwel tmurt imaziÉ£en d jennet, ixessa ad teqbel ad tawi Anáºar. Senni tebda tettlaÉ£aâas. TettdÉa É£erâs, táºallaâas. Ar mani d ij nhar, áºrin iwdan ij n usegnu d ameqqran, yedra ajenna, yuderâdd ca n wenáºar, yesmelqa ajenna aked d tmurt. Lexdenni, teá¹á¹ef teslit tazzla É£er weá¸ra, yuderâdd É£erâs Wenáºar, yeksiâtt jer iÉ£allen, uca yeá¸wa zegâs deg ujenna, yejja É£ir cwayt n á¹á¹ya awarnâas, yejja lferḥ d lxir. Taslit tedwel tessajjaâdd deg ujenna melmiâmma ddâyehwa wenáºar, d ttifawinânni umi neqqar: Taslit n wenáºar.


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Aṭṭas n Irifiyen asegg°as-a tuɣa ttrajan ayt lxarij ḥma ad senhezzen cwayt tajerrart n tsebbabt ibedden s lmsibbet n Kuruna ca n telt chur, qbel i manaya tuɣa aṭṭas n twalatin tettwabelleɛ Mritc mayen yejjin ila aṭṭas n yiwdan bdan ssectcan x tsebbabt-a ig ittraḥen tettenqis di Nnaḍur d ibilajen i ɣer-s d ilesqen.
Aṭṭas n leswaq d playat di Arrif ttbanent-id xwant, mayen isseigg°den aṭṭas n isebbaben i yennan ila krisis-a ɛemmars ma tuɣa ttrajant ad tili ameknaw nettat.
Imal n tsebbabt di Arrif issagg°ad zegga Lmuɣib ixes ad yeqḍa x ttrabandu i zi tteddrent abarru n lwacunat.


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Tawilayt n Lbeyyeḍ
Tawilayt n Lbeyyeḍ d Tawilayt deg tmurt n Lezzayer. Zedɣen-tt 228 624 n yimezdaɣen. Ma d tajumma-ines tesɛa azal n 78 870 km². Tamanaɣt ines d tamdint n lbeyyeḍ. Tawilayt-a tebḍa ɣef 8 n tdayriwin:
- Tadayra n Buɛlam (Sidi Ɛmer, Buɛelam, Sidi Ṭifur, Stiten)
- Tadayra n Bugṭeb (Tusmulin, Bugṭeb, Lxiter)
- Tadayra n Busemɣun (Busemɣun)
- Tadayra n Brizina (Lɣasul, Brizina, Krakda)
- Tadayra n Cellala (Cellala, Lemḥerra)
- Tadayra n Lebyeḍ Sidi Ccix (Arbaouat (fr) , Ɛin Lewreq, Lebyeḍ Sidi Ccix, Lebnud)
- Tadayra n Lbeyyeḍ (Lbeyyeḍ)
- Tadayra n Ruggaṣa (Cgig, Ruggaṣa, Kaf Leḥmer)


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Aspinuṣuṛ
Aspinuṣuṛ iga yan wanaw n iḍinuẓuṛn iddrn ɣ iẓẓlmd n tfṛiqt kra n 95 ugndid (amlyun) n usggʷas, amassan Arnset stṛumṛ zzɣ tasdawit n ludfiɣ maksimilyan ɣ myunix yufa ɣ umzwaru n tasut tiss simraw (20) aḍinuẓuṛ ad ɣ taɣliwin¹ n yill ɣ tagut n miṣṛ d iga yas assaɣ n aspinuṣuṛ amiṣri, d iska² ɣ usggʷas n 1944 yan usalay³ ɣ myunix ifsr gis ixsan n uḍinuẓuṛ ad macc ixʷla usalay ad s yat tsnfrt ɣ imnɣi amaḍlan wiss sin, d ɣaman ɣar tiwlafin d tamawin⁴ ittyuran f aspinuṣuṛ.
Ffir n 100 n usggʷas ra ddaɣ ttyufan ixsan nns macc tikklit ad ɣ umṛṛuk s ufus n yat trabbut n imrzun (isnabbucn) s tnara n umassan niẓaṛ ibṛahim, d dissn umassan samir zzhri zzɣ tasddawit n lḥsn wiss sin. G umṛṛuk ttyufan igaluzn⁵ n tɣssa⁶ ns ɣ tggayin n ukal aẓggʷaɣ ɣ tmnaḍin narfud, ɣilli iɣ yadlli llan isaffn ɣ tizi yan. Ma igan abida⁷ ɣ uḍinuẓuṛ ad mas yadlli iẓḍaṛ a ikcm s umaḍal n waman d a igʷmmr islman d imudar n waman i yadlli illan ɣ isaffn ann, d iṭṭaf yan ucṭṭab ar ilkkm ar 6 n id mitru nttan as a yadlli ittcucf ɣ waman (zund aɣucaf), d nttan a igan aḍinuẓuṛ amsksum i kullu imqqurn lli nssn ar ɣil ad.


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Asqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa yesselɣay s wudem unṣib d akken yebra i usuddes timlilit tussnant ɣef yisekfalen ineggura n temnaḍt n Ɛin Bucṛiṭ s usentel " isekfalen asenziken n Ɛin Bucṛiṭ d Ɛin Ḥnec (Lezzayer) d yisuraf imenza n yidles amdan: tamuɣli Tafriqt) niqal ara d-yeḍṛun deg waggur n wember 2022 deg ugezdu n Sṭif.
Asqamu Unnign Timmuzɣa yellan deffir n tikti n usuddes n ugraw-a ussnan ara yefken azal ameqran i yisekfalen-a, s tuɣalin ɣer umezruy lqayen, ass-a ad yessiweḍ asafu i tsudwin n uɣlif n yidles d tẓuri d uɣlif n uselmed unnig d unadi ussnan, iwakken ad kemmelen amecwar n usuddes n temlilit.


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Yesmun-itt, izemmem-itt: Ɛebdelwaḥed ḤENNU
Ḥajitkum, tekker ij n twessart, ij n wass, ttuɣa tenya x weɣyul, teggur, teggur,… telqa ca n tḥudreyyin ttrunt. Tenna-sent: « min kennint-yuɣin a yessi tettrunt? »
Nnant-as: « maɣar wer ɣer-m bu lexber? »
Tenna-sent: lla!..
nnant-as: « aqqa-m amcum-a n lmexzen, yessufeɣ-dd ij n leḥkam, yenna-sen belli timeẓẓyanin ad awyent iwessura, tiwessura ad awyent inni imeẓẓyanen!
Tucem twessart-nni aɣyul, tenna-s: »erra zid erra, min yegga lmexzen d wenni d netta! ».
Ɣer ɛawed: Mala d asnuɛtar aqa snuɛtareɣ-ac, mala nnec ruḥ ḍelq-as!


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Odin
Odin (tanuṛsiyt taqburt: Óðinn), nttan ad igan akuc n tinẓeẓt, tadyazt, tamttant, tacwwaft d tqddact ɣ ammas n wumiy n Inuṛsiyn. Iwi-s n Borr d "giantess" (jötunn) Bestla, Odin ad igan amɣar n Æsir d nttan ad igan agllid n Asgard. Itahl takuct Frigg, ig baba-s n yid wakuc Thor, Baldr, Höðr, Víðarr d Váli.
Ittyawssan s Baba-s n Akkʷ, ɣ umata n tikkal, ar ttmunan d Odin yan sin yigaywarn, Huginn d Muninn, nttni d wuccann Geri d Freki; akuc, da ikccm imnɣi issuda yan wayyis ilan tam yiḍarn, Sleipnir, yasi di-s "spear" axatar igan s yism Gungnir lli as-sgaddan "dwarves"; willi ttyawssanin s Tarwa n Ivaldi, ar fll-as ttinin mas ur ar jju ittzgal iwttasn-nns.
Tiɣbulasnfl
Amgrad ad iga amud, imẓẓiy ka sul. Aws i Wikipidya s usnfl nns, tssimɣurt t.


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Asfugel wis 38 n tefsut n YimaziYen, asirem, tira d tezrigin
Asfugel n tefsut n YimaziYen yella-d tikelt-a deg yiwet n tegnit yemgaraden aṭas Yef tid yezrin. Ayaki segmi i tuYal tmaziYt d « tutlayt taYelnawt d tunṣibt » deg tmenḍawt n furar 2016. Tagnit-a i ɣer d-nessiweḍ ur d-telli ara ken akka. Tusa-d s umennuɣ, leetab, timesbaniyin, leḥbusat, imeṭṭawen, idamen …
Asfugel-a yella-d di yal taddart, tamdint, tamnaṭ d ugezdu n tmurt-nneɣ. Ilmeẓyen, tulawin d yemɣaren smekten-d amennuɣ n yimezwura. Wid d-yekkren di tefsut n Yimaziɣen n 80, nnan-d « neɛya di lbaṭel », «tamaziɣt d tutlayt taYelnawt », « ilaq ad tili tugdut d tlelli » … AmennuY n yimiren ur yeshil ara, segmi akabar awḥid n FLN yeḥkem s wuzal d tmest. DYa ayen i d-imugren wid-nni i d yekkren ; d aeekkaz, d lḥers, d leḥbes i ɣer i ten-iwwin di 24 yid-sen.
Ur ntettu d aɣin imeɣnasen n 1926, wid n 1949, n yiseggasen n 60 d 70. Ad as-nner akk tajmilt akken i sen-tt-rran imqedmen n RCD n usqamu aɣerfan awilay n tubiret ussan yezrin.
Tekcem « tmuzYa » Yer tezwart n tmenḍawt di 1996, d nettat i d « tamagit tazzayrit ». Ayaki yella-d deffir n umussu n uɣenzu n uɣerbaz i deg qimen azal n umelyun n yinelmaden melba leqraya ugar n 08 wagguren deg useggas aɣurbiz 1994/1995.
Terna tmaziɣt d « tutlayt taYelnawt » deg tmenḍawt n 2002. Ur newiḍ ara ɣer waya almi i yemmuten azal n 128 n yelmeẓyen d tlawin d yergazen di tefsut taberkant n 2001, 2002, 2003. Ass m’i d-yekker umussu n laerac i wakken ad iḥader ɣef tarwa-s di tmurt n Yiqbayliyen. Yeḍra-d lbaṭel d ameqqran di tmurt n lezzayer ass mi qqersan s rrsas ɣef yezzayriyen melba ssaba, yerna ifassen-nnsen d ilmawen.
Deg uɛawed n tmuɣli n tmenḍawt deg useggas n 2016, terna tmaziɣt tekcem ɣer tmenḍawt d « tutlayt tunṣibt.» Maca, taɣara s wayes uran tamenḍawt deg-s atas n leḥsabat isertanen d yisertiwen segmi nezmar ad nefhem belli «tamaziɣt tella di tmenḍawt, maca … mazal lezzayer tettwaḥsab d tamurt taɛrabt …. D uguren wiyeḍnin …
Deg tizi n wass-a, ɣas akken ilaq ad nmudd azal ugar i wmeslay, tira d tezrigin s tmaziɣt, maca mazal amennuɣ asertan ad ikemmel acku ulac laman deg wid iḥekmen.
Liste des 24 détenus du printemps amaziɣ de 80 auxquels on rend hommage.
Abboute Arezki, Aggoun Ahmed, Ahmed Zaid Idir, Ait Larbi Arezki, Ait Ouakli Rachid, Ali Cheikh Ourabah, feu Bacha Mustapha, feu Belghezli Achour, Ben Amoun Kamel, Berdous Mammar, feu Boukrif Salah, Brahimi Ali, Chemime Mokrane, Halet Rachid, Khellal Said, Lamari Idriss, Lounaouci Mouloud, Nait Abdellah Mohamed, Rachidi M’hamed, Saadi Mouloud, Sadi Said, Stiet Mohamed, Tari Aziz, Zenati Djamel.


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Ibla-aneɣ Rebbi s ca n marka n lefquyyat wer ttfekkren wer tejjin ḥedd ad ifekker. Amezruy-nneɣ yeccur s manaya. Xseɣ ad ariɣ x manaya umi ijjen tnayen n lefquyyat di Sus ggin arrwina di midden. D amezwaru ḥarrmen taẓuri, mani mma yella ca n unaẓur rrin-t d cciṭan. Wis tnayen wami i d-yusa useggas amaynu n Nnayer. Ḥarrmen-t, maɣer ? Wer din ca n ḥajet d jjdid, rrin-d ifeẓ i wawalen isxeddamen lebda « ḥram, ccirek… ».
S tidet ttuɣa din ijjen wezgen d ameqqran n midden i dasen-ibedden d iɣes n tmijja, waxxa zi lefquyyat. Maca wanita d ijjen uxarres deg wamun yella. Izemmer ad iraḥ ad immerni kṭer ukṭer, mala nmeyyek x-as.
Aṭṭas n leɛwayed-nneɣ raḥen minzi lefquyat-a ttuɣa ggin ameknaw timessi adu lum. Beddlen zi telmect-nneɣ, ammu, timɣarin-nneɣ i ttuɣa icerrḍent tiggaz, wer qqiment tteggent amenni minzi timessi n jahennama ad tecc udem-nnsent. Wer qqiment timɣarin tteggent ticeddatin, timuzar am ttuɣa tteggent timɣarin n Arrif zic.
Dewlen tnayen n wawalen min xef ibedd bnadem : Ḥram # Ḥlal. Ijjen uparadukes ittejja bnadem ittɛic di tnayen n ikuluriten, abercan d ucemlal. Lefquyat-a zeg yinni iɣeḍlen zi ddat n Umaziɣ, idwel immexs ixef-nnes, immexs ad igg tɛinsart, immexs ad iɣennej, ad yecḍeḥ, ad yirar, ad ifreḥ s tudert. Uraren-nneɣ ttawin-d dag-sen lefquyat, qqaren lxuṭba uca bnadem ittweddir zzag-s lḥal wer ittessen ma aqet lferḥ ma lqerḥ. Timeɣriwin-nneɣ wer dag-sent ḍellqen i tmuziqt, tiɛezryin wer ceṭṭḥent ad fewwjent x ixef-nnsent, wer ccitent deg wallun ar ɣa teqqares tilmect-nnes.
Zi lebda, lefqi ila amkan-nnes d tamzyida, wer zzag-s itteffeɣ ad yini awal-nnes di jjmaɛet. Tina d tnamitin n lejdud-nneɣ i ifehmen mliḥ i yixef-nnsen. Neccin urid nus-d a nkemmel x mayen bdan nitni, maca nerra s isuraf ɣer deffer. Deg wass wami bda nettsela ɣer lefquyat n tallest di Iqraa d Satilit.
Awal d azgrar x manaya, maca sḥesset i ɣer tniɣt n leɛqel ay Imaziɣen, ɛicet tudert-nnwem


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Tella-d yiwet n temlilit deg taddert n Meslub (MEKLA) iḍelli, anda ttekkan tugett n imezdaɣ-s, i d-yefɣen s yiwen walɣu i d-ibeggnen lɣiḍ-nsen deg wayen i ḍerrun d lbaṭel deg twennaṭ-nsen.
Deg Temlilit-a, yella-d umeslay ɣef wayen i ḍerrun deg « carriére » neɣ deg tewrirt n taddert n meslub deg d-tteksen isufar n lebni, ladɣa ijdi n wussu « Tuf », s yir udem d yir amek. Tawrirt agi deg kra kan n iseggasen tbeddel udem, teɣz deg yal amḍiq, ula d abrid ɣef wayeg d-ezga yuɣal yezga i sekker, neɣ yexser, ayen yeǧǧan wid yessenharen ttagaden tecki d-wḍen ar wemḍiq-a.
Akk wid yettekkin deg temlilit n yiḍelli wwten-d s leqseḥ deg tuddsiwin n udabu azzayri teɛna temsalt n weyen i ḍerrun deg tewrirt-a, maca werǧin mḥaḥden, neɣ mbawlen akken ad ḥebsen agejdur-a i d-yeɣlin ɣef ugama n tama n Meslub,u ad s-dafen tifrat i lebda i wugur-a yerzan mači kan d taddert n Meslub, maca akk imezdaɣ n Mekla.
Isuturen imenza i refden imezdaɣ n Meslub, d aseḥbes n wegzar n tewrirt-a s tura, d uṣeggem-ines, d userrasu-ines d’amḍiq ɣef wayeg ilaq ad yili fell-as useḥbiber. i Wakken ad awḍen isuturen-a n imezdaɣ n Meslub, gezmenntt deg rray, ad gen kra n tigawin, ara d-ibegnen tamsalt-nsen, amedya, sawlen-d ad yili ibeddi azekka n 14/02/2021, sdat n wexxam n DAIRA deg yeɣrem n MEKLA, ɣef 9 d wezgen n tsebḥit. Ibeddi ara d-yilin azekka, d win ara yeldin tawwurt i tigawin-nniḍen ma yella adubu azayri d win yeqqimen yesɛuzzeg i teɣri n At Meslub.


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Le Rifain
Deg yijj n udlis tura-t Mary Trump, yelli-s n uma-s n Donald Trump, tsebben deg-s mliḥ ɛzizi-s, tenna x-as belli d ijj n uterras yenhezz, wer dd-tusi qeɛ ad yili d rrayes n Umarikan.
Tenna Mary Trump belli ɛzizi-s yewca tinɛacin i yijj n uterras bac a t-yejj ad yesseɛdu lemtiḥan di tseddawit n SAT deg wemka-nnes, zeg-s i ɣa yadef ɣer tseddawit n Pennsylvania. amen tenna belli Maryanne Trump Barry, weltma-s tameqqrant n Donald Trump, ttuɣa tettwala uma-s am yijj n ubuhali waha.
Ɛlaḥsab New York Times, Mary, tenna belli Donald Trump yeffeɣ x baba-s nettat, i yemmuten awarn i umi i yettebla s ccrab. s uya, teqqar Mary ; wer zmireɣ ca a t-jjeɣ ad yeffeɣ ula x tmurt-inu.
Robert Trump, uma-s ameẓẓyan n Donald Trump, yegga tizemmar maḥend ad yesbedd adlis n Mari, yenna belli Mary wer tweqqer ca ijj n wemsetfaq ttuɣa tsinyi x-as asegg°as n 2001, bac wer dd-tfeṭṭeḥ timeslayin i yellan n twacunt.
maca waxxa amenni, lmeḥkama tesmeḥ i ccarika n « Simon & Schuster » bac a dd-tessufeɣ adlis n Mary Trump.


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Anfa (Tigemmi Tamellalt)
Anfa neɣ Taddart Tumlilt (s Tefṛansist d tulayin tiyaḍ: "Casablanca", s tutlayt Taɛṛabt: "الدار البيضاء") d iɣṛem ameqqṛan akk di tmurt en Lmerruk. Zeddɣen deg-s 5 melyun n yimdanen. Anfa d-iɣṛem ameqqran akk deg Tmazɣa akked Lezzayer Tamanaɣt.
Tella deg Anfa yiwet tmezgida tameqqṛant isem ines Timezgida Ḥasan Wis 2.
Tarakalt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
anfa yella deg tesga en Anfa-Ẓeṭṭaṭ di tmurt en Lmerruk.
Abeṭṭo adeblan[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Iɣṛem en Anfa yebḍa ɣef mennawt en tebḍotin (arrondissements):
- Ɛin Eccoqq
- Ɛin Essbeɛ Tuddurt Tamuḥemmadit
- Anfa Ameẓẓyan (Iɣṛem aqbur / aqdim en Anfa)
- Ben Msik
- Massinu Abernoṣ (Sidi Elbernoṣi)
- Elfida Mers Eṣselṭan
- Tuddurt Taḥasanit (Elḥeyy Elḥasani)
- Babinu Ṛcid (Mulay Ṛcid)
Tamt a en tebḍotin bḍant ɣef mennawt en tegrawin i yellan:
- Ɛin Eccoqq
- Ɛin Essbeɛ Tuddurt Tamuḥemmadit
- Anfa Ameẓẓyan
- Ayet Msik
- Massinu Abernoṣ
- Elfida Mers Eṣselṭan
- Tuddurt Taḥasanit
- Babinu Ṛcid (Mulay Ṛcid)
- Imeɛṛofen (Lemɛarif)
- Amecwar
- Mers Eṣselṭan
- Izṛa Iberkanen (Les Roches Noires)
- Isebtawen (Sbata)
- Massinu Belyoṭ (Sidi Belyoṭ)
- Massinu Mumen (Sidi Mumen)
- Massinu Ɛetman (Sidi Ɛetman).
Tiwlafin[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
- Port of Casablanca.jpg
Aftas n Anfa


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Tagelda (tasnudert)
Tagelda (S Tlatinit « regnum ») deg tamessartut d aswir wis sin deg udras amessarti, tezgad s ddaw n taɣult, Tigeldiwin ttugezmen-t ar tegrawin meẓẓiyen yettwasemman adur
Asenmel d irmawen yeqqnen ɣuresẒreg
Ass mi id yefka umusnaw Carl Von Linné ismawen ibedden ɣef iswiren deg tesnudert, Yefka aswir amenzu yakk i «tgelda» ṭṭafarent-id kuẓ n yiswiren igejdanen: Asmil, Tafesna, Tawsit, Talmest, Sin akin s kra n wakud ttuskecmen-d sin n iswiren igejdanen n iden s wakken ad tili tezrart: Tagelda ɣer Ustirf ɣer Usmil ɣer Tfesna ɣer Twacult ɣer Tewsit ɣer Telmest, U deg iseggasen n 60 n tsut tis 20 rnan-d aswir sufell n Tgelda igan d taɣult s wakka Tagelda ur tuɣal ara deg ixef n uswir n unagraw-a


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Tubiret : tafaska «Γer di tmeYra», annar n tYuri i Ynelmaden
Tazrigt tis 8 n tfaska «Γer di tmeYra» tella-d di temkarḍit tamenzut n tYuri tazayezt Rabah Saidani di temdint n Tubiret. Irmad-a llan-d i lmend n yinelmaden i wakken ad d-sqerben Yer-sen taYuri, idles, akk d temsizlin gar-asen ladYa segmi llan deg umaris si 15 MeYres ar ass-a. Ilaq ad neḥsu belli semmuset (05) n tezrigin timezwura llant-d deg uxxam n yedles Ali Zamoum, Kradet (03) tineggura uYalent ttwasedsunt di temkarḍit Rabah Saidani akka am tneggarut-a, tis tamet (08). Axxam-a adelsan azayez llan deg-s azal n 12 000 n yizwal n yedlisen, yerna cudden-d Yer-s 1 000 n yimeltaY. «12 n tesmilin, gar-asen yiwen i wid ur nsel ur nettmeslay, wayeḍ n tutlayin, (tamaziYt, taɛrabt, tarumit, taglizit, taspanyulit) ) d wid n tYuri d temsizlin i d-yellan di tfaska-a” akken i Y-d-tenna Massa Hocini Nassima,tanemhalt n temkarḍit.
Inelmaden, yellan deg yimuras iYurbizen, ttalmaden ad Yren, ad arun, ad xedmen unuYen deg unnar n usgenfu d wuraren ur d-nusi yewɛar am wad-nni n uYerbaz. Tafaska-a ttekkent deg-s aṭas n tdukliwin d-yusan si twilayin tiyaḍ am Sidi Belɛabbas, Lezzayer tamaneYt, Bgayet, Clef. Yerna I wakken imḍebren n tfaska ad sqerben irmad-is Yer tuddar d tYiwanin ibaɛden , yeneɛzalen, heggan-d yiwen n wallal n usiweḍ ara yawin idlisen d uraren alma Yer imukan-a am Ɛǧiba, Dirah, Laxḍaria, Borǧ Uxris … Iswiyen n tfaska-a «d asḥemmel n tYuri d useqreb n wedlis Yer inelmaden » d awal i Y-d tenna tanemhalt n temkarḍit.
Deg wakud I deg nella, anida taYuri tuYal twexxer s waṭas di tmurt-nneY (macci aṭas n yemdanen i yeqqaren), timliliyin, tifaskiwin d tirmad am wi d ayen yelhan, yerna ilaq ad ggten ma nhegga-asen akken iwulem. Imusnawen d wid yettwaselYan i waya i wakken ad welhan imeẓyanen, ad as-nesḥemlan adlis d tYuri. Tayri n udlis d tYuri, d ccerṭ amezwaru, ayen niḍen ad d-yas iman-is.
Slimane Chabane


text:
Alullam
Alullam (Assaɣ usnan: Falco biarmicus) d aylal asekliw yeṭṭafaren tawsit n useflay deg twacult n tiseflay, Alullam d aylal yettusexdmen i wegmar aladɣa ɣer iserɣinen maca azal-is ur yugar ara Azal n usɣen d uberni
Tilmas n ulullam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Alullam azegzaw Talmest-a i d tamezdayt s waṭas, ini n uzagur-is d aras
Alullam aras: Yettidir deg kra n tmura n Asya am Afɣanistan d Buṛma de Lhend, ini n uzagur-is d aras ma d idmaren-is d imellalen
Amyaraw[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Yessrusay gar n 5 ar 13 n tmellalin yal aseggas, izeddel fellasen-t seg 30 ar 35 n wussan i wakken ad frurxen-t
Učči[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Alullam d aylal yeggunin deg wučči ɣef weksum n tgemrawin am yetbir d waṭas n telmas n temraradin
Idgan n tudert[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Yettidir ulullam deg Tefrikt (Seg Sudan ar Lezzayer d Umeṛṛuk ula d Tmurt n Iqbayliyen) akk d tzunegzirt taserɣint


text:
Ɛebdessamad Zeryuḥi
Zzbib ittwagga s usiẓeɣ n uḍil. Din ij n ddab n zbib ittwagga s uḍil Agrik (isem-nnes amassan: Vitis vinifera Korinthiaka) . Wa d ij n ddab n uḍil d ameẓẓyan mbla aɛeqqa .
Maca azgen ameqqran n zzbib ittwagga s uḍil n Sultana. Ra d aḍil-a n Sultana wer deg-s bu uɛeqqa. Suyeni zzbib wer deg-s bu uɛeqqa, uca ihwen i macca.
Maca mamec tteggen tteẓẓun izekkunen n uḍil d jdid mala aḍil-a wer deg-s bu uɛeqqa?
Afellaḥ ittekkes‑dd ikeccuḍen zeg uẓekkun n uḍiir i ɣer-s, uca ittnaqal‑it deg wemcan‑nneɣni mani dd‑ɣa‑yelqeḥ ad yeɣmi.


text:
Nesseɣlay ibriden, igran ttazzlen awarn-aneɣ, ṭṭumubin-nneɣ tettazzel tettebbar ibriden, teswaẓẓaḍ ɣer yebriden nniḍen… Ibriden d imurar, nemxarwaḍ deg-sen, mxerwaḍen deg-neɣ…
Temẓi-nneɣ i ttuɣa yeqqimen x tnebdat, tdardeb-dd x tbadut, yessḍew-itt usemmiḍ n wussan d taɛejjajt x tdekk°anin i di yeẓẓu yimal d isekkilen, uran x wudem n tisit!…
Wer nzemmer a nesfed taɛejjajt ḥuma a nexzar tifras-nneɣ di tisit! Minzi nseffeḍ kid-s udem n temẓi i daneɣ-yerbun, d aktay n tudert yeswaẓẓaḍ zeg-s wazzɣat-nneɣ ɣer lexxu, ḥuma ad yeɛdu ɣer yimal…
iɣezran n uxemmem kessin-aneɣ ɣer tuɣbayt n tɛenkraf i tettedder tmurt-a, mani i daneɣ-dd-yewḍa uzellif. Ggin tamunit n izinzaren x weɣrum n tzizwa! Sexnunnsen tamment aked leɛfen. Neccin nttetter anẓar ḥuma wer tettiẓeɣ tala… Ḥuma a neẓẓu nnqali di tdekkʷanin ineqcen… Maca nitni ttamren-dd x-aneɣ ilfan d yiṭan ad herwḍen tibeḥḥar, ad srwyen aman yizdigen…
Ttuɣa-neɣ nehna, lami ttuɣa ntteṭṭes s hellararu d tḥuja n tyemmatin… lami ttuɣa nttedder s min neɛna d mamek nella… Lexxu tudef-aneɣ-dd tzura, tettecc tmunit-nneɣ, yewta usiwan deg uxarres-nneɣ… Rrbu-nsen yiweḍ ad yessefsi taykit s taryazt… iwḍen ad ɣeḍlen tifray x wurtu maḥend a neqqim bla tili…
Neccin nettemsazzal am imareddiwen di tenda i wer ɣer yelli lɛunsar… Min ɣa tekk tfukt tessaẓaɣ aman, d buḥbel-nneɣ iqeṭṭa. Yessunnuḍ-aneɣ wakud aked tɣufit… Nettexnunnus aked wussan ireẓgen, nettraja yak ma wer tetteggar tfukt x taggut i daneɣ-ijeyyfen.
Maca… Min ɣa tekk trifit wer teɣṛiy, min ɣa tekk ɛad tettaru, ɛad taryazt wer temmut…, Ɛad timessi ur texsiy… Ɛad asirem yedder…
Ɣer ɛawed: Sidi Malek


text:
Agermal
Agermal d aylal meqren yakk deg tfesna n tsekliwin deg-sen wid igan d tigermamzikin (Aegypiinae) d wid igan d Tigermatrarin (Cathartidae) yettidir deg Uruppa d Asya d Tefrikt d Temrikt
AglamẒreg
Afriwen-is ɣezzifit s waṭas Ayen it-yettaǧan ad yefferfer ar wadduden yeflalen, Asekkud-is yuddes, aqamum-is imsed s waṭas ayen it-yettallen ad yesseɣres w ad tegzem aksum s tefrer
Yezmer ad yeldi afriwen-is alamma d 280 cm
UččiẒreg
Agermal d aɣersiw amseksum iy tett seg iɣeṛdayen d igtal d temraradin d imeɣsuyen
AmyarawẒreg
Agermal d aɣersiw amettan, Acku iy zeddel ɣef tmellalin-is w yettidir deg yidgan yeflalen deg idurar Ayen yessemrayen (yessuɛuren) akken inegmaren ad iwṭen ar ugdef-is, Assaɣ neɣ tazdayt gar n uwtem d tewtemt d tin yettɣamayen tbedd i tanɣa (i lebda), Tawtemt tessrusay anagar yiwet n tmellalt seld 55 n wussan tettefrurux-d
Amihi n wengarẒreg
Aṭas n tegrawin n ugermal iy negren ɣef kra n timentilin am:


text:
Adras amessarti
Adaras amessarti d aswir amassaɣ deg uzamug n yesmilen. amedya deg tsartut n tesnudert, ismilen n usesmel n temsartut gan d: Talmest, Tawsit, tawacult, asmil ... Atg.
Asismel n Linné yessken-d amessdabu yettwasengel ar 7 n yidrasen igejdanen d 5 n yidrasen ussinen yettwaskan-d s ubellez amnursuy (ordre décroissant), s talɣa ayyi:
- Imuddiren: Tagelda → Adur, Agzam → Asmil → Tafesna → Tawacult → Taɣreft → Tawsit → Tigezmi → Tamazrart → Talmest → Irzi → Talɣa
idrasen imernayen am: «adu» , «afel», «azdar neɣ ader» gan d timerniwin a ɣer isesmilen igejdanen amdya: adu-twacult, Afelfesna, Ader-adur ...
Talmest tesskanay-d adras agejdan n usismel asensarti, w yal tikkelt mi ara ad tali tseddart n usesmel yettali neɣ yettnerni wemcabi gar igmamen (imɣan, iɣersiwen, iberčečča...).
Isimilen igejdanenẒreg
Idrasen imessartiyen igejdanenẒreg
Idrasen imessartiyen ttwasxedmen deg tinnagrawt i wsismel (s usnay amnursuy):
- Amenkud, Afuɣal, Taɣult (Superregnum, Imperium, Dominium)
- Tagelda (Regnum)
- Adu-tgelda (Subregnum)
- Afurk (Ramus, « branch » s Teglizit)
- Azdar-tgelda (Infraregnum)
- Afel-adur, Afel-agzam (Superphylum, Superdivisio)
- Adur (Divisio)
- Adu-wadur, Adu-gzam (Subphylum, Subdivisio)
- Ader-adur (Infraphylum)
- Ifelasmil (Classis)
- Asmil (Classis)
- Adu-smil (Subclassis)
- Ader-asmil (Infraclassis)
- Afelfesna (Superordo)
- Tafesna (Ordo)
- Adu-tfesna (Subordo)
- Ader-tfesna (Infraordo)
- Imzik-tfesna (Microordo)
- Afeltwacult (Superfamilia)
- Tawacult (Familia)
- Adu-twacult (Subfamilia)
- Taɣreft (Tribus)
- Adu-teɣreft (Subtribus)
- Tawsit (Genus)
- Adu-tewsit (Subgenus':)
- Tigezmi (Sectio)
- Adu-tgezmi (Subsectio)
- Talmest (Species)
- Adu-telmest (subspecies)- Adras asnudran amaddud (unṣib) aneggar
- Irzi, Azɣer gan d idrasen isnudranen irmadduden (arunṣib)
- Adu-rzi (subvarietas) - Adu-zɣer gan d idrasen isnudranen irmadduden
- Talɣa (Forma)
- Adu-telɣa (Subforma)


text:
Mass Salah Goudjil, Aselway n Usqamu n Uɣlan yemlal Mass Si El Hacemi Assad, amaray amatu n Usaqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa.
Taṣebḥit n wass aram(letnayen) 14 yunyu 2022, Mass Salah Goudjil Aselway n Usqamu n Uɣlan yemmuger, Mass Si El Hacchemi Assad, Amaray Amatu n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa.
Timlilit-a ḥeḍren deg-s yimazanen akked yiɛeggalen n snat tsudwin-a, ilmend n lemcawrat d uttekki deg usalu yenǧer Uselway n Tigduda, Mass Abdelmadjid Tebboune, iwakken ad yili lmecmel akked tdukli taɣelnawt d useǧhed n tirni n daxel. Timlilit-a tella d tagnit akken i usegzi ɣef tikli d yimahilen n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa i yesfuglen amuli wis 27 n usebdded-ines.
S wakka, mass Si El Hacemi Ɛessad, isumer iwakken ad d-yettuheggi yiwen wass awamni ɣef tutlayt d yidles n tmaziɣt, acku d irmad am wigi ara yesseḥbibren ɣef tmagit n tmurt n Lezzayer.


text:
yura t : Andic Idir di blog n Tadlsa n Arrif
(1)
Amssizwaru
Itass d umegrad a maḥned ad nssij xf tidet n tmeqqant i tuɣa jar Arrif ak timura nneɣni, ra ak Marrakec niɣ ra ak Sbanya d dzayar…
Arrif amec yeqqar Jerman ɛeyyac dg udlis nes «izuran n imenɣan n arrif», ameggaru ya ira yedja Lebda zi tmura itwaḥsaben xf ssiba, ak uɣezdis nneɣni din timura n Rmexzen, Timura n ssiba i di yedja Arrif ak tiqebbar n Atlas Timaziɣin fɣent xf tanbdaḍt tanammast n rmexzen Amarrakeci, minzi amec qqaren aṭṭaṣ n imarzzuten deg yeyyar n tmessna n umezruy belli irifien tefɣen xf mkuy tanbaḍt war tfrinen s ufus nsen, s uya ntaff taymbraṭurect taɛutmanect taturkect tbedd ɣar ibuda n yeɣzar n merwct war tarni ca ɣar zzat minzi iturkien tuɣa ssnen min i ten itrajan zzat nsen.
Taqbitct tarrifect zi rebda tuɣa tessgûr ixf nnes s ixf nnes, da nzemmar ad nini belli Arrif zi rebda tuɣa ɣar s azarug nes d tirelli nnes, u azarug a itadef ra ɣar daxer qaɛ. Mukr taqbict tuɣa war tidef di tmesrayyin n tqebict nneden, s uya taqbict dja ɣar s azarug nes ademsan d usertan u tettwassen s ca n tantala nnes, ra d timɣarin n mkur taqbict kessint deg udem nsent ict tigezzt tsfarrez itent xf temɣarin n tqebbar nneɣni, amec imezdaɣ n Arrif am imaziɣen marra tuɣa sguren ten di tmqanin nsen ak wayawya aṭṭas n izerfan ɣar yedja aẓwar ak islam n tudart nsen.
Agama n Arrif
idurar n arrif ussin d deg yzzermeḍ n tmurt n Marrakec xf uɣezdis nes din Dzayar, anaw n ugama nnes day s aṭṭas n idurar amec iyedja xf tma n yill acemrar anammas tamurt nes tuss d am tesrit n wenẓar zeg yeɣzar n Tmerwct ar tandint n Tinjis, ijyulujien tɣiren belli taseddect n idurar n Siranibada deg yeffus n Ibireya d tmurt n Arrif tuɣa msersaqen qber ma ad msbḍan, tqiccet yuɛran di arrif nettat d Tidɣin u ruɛra nes itakkawḍ ghar 2.465 M, snnej i tzeqqa n yill.
Taseddect idurar n Arrif temsbḍa xf ten n Aṭlas, day s aṭṭas n izuɣar d taganin n tseklutin n tayḍa d reɛerɛar d ubedjuḍ, maca aḥwes asbbaynu isquccar itt di tferkewt n uḥwes nes xf arrif ak tarwsa n umecraz arrifi d ucmaḍ n tmessi…(1)
Cway zg umezruy yudjɣen
Arrif zi rebda tuɣa day s imezdaɣ teddaren day s, u ggin tasebbabt ak waṭṭas n midden zg uzir umezruy ak ifiniqiyen, ggin tineddam am Rusadir (Mritc ruxa) d tiṭṭawin, awarnas Tinjis di rqan wiss smus qber i tlalit n mass ɛisa.
Awarn as dwren ayyawen i ifinqiyen iqerṭajyen nitni i yedjan zeg iyḍuḍen ijehden maca awarni imenɣan ibunikiyen jar ikerṭajiyen d irumaniyen, d ufuɣ n Ruma teɣreb zg umenɣi nni yedwer arrif zi Mawriṭanya taṭanjit, zi senni yemsar umenɣni tanya jar irifien ak iwandaliyn u ɛawed ak ibizanṭiyen d waɛraben…
Dg ussgwas n 710 n tlalit, ysselmes Sareh mis n Mensur tageldant n Nkur tarrifect, umi udfen irifiyen di ijjed n Muhemmed.
di 1490 ttfen isbunya mritch u ḥwsen tt u teqqim ɣar sen ar djexxu. di 1859 msaren imenɣan n irifiyen ak isbbunya niɣ amec itwassen imenɣan n tiṭṭawin, manaya s tagdelt amezruy unṣib i nzemmar ad naff dg idlisen n awank amarrakeci.
Maca deg umezruy yiriwen n Arrif din aṭṭas n tmsesrayin war tettwassnent ca aṭṭas amecnaw tageldit n temsamant… s minzi imaziɣen s umata war urin ca amezruy nsen s ufus nsen, maca urin xaf sen yennɣni s minzi aṭṭas n tidet truḥ, s uya ntaff aṭṭas n inemzruyen sweddaren tidet u arnin d abarru ixarriqen xf Arrif niɣ xf imaziɣen maḥned ad awḍen ɣar ugmuḍ n min inna unemzruy agranzi Pubel.
Deg umegrd a ad nekk xf tfrekiwin i yekka arrif xf 122 issgusa zeg ussgwas 1889 ar 2011, zg umenɣni n ibeqquyen ak Bucetta lbeɣdadi ar umussu n 20 febrayer d raxart n smuds n irifiyen di iyuren yeɛdan.
Ad nbedd ɣar kuy tferkwt ad as nwc min tzḍahedj, u deg imegrad nneɣni ɛad ad nedwer ɣar awank Arrifi niɣ tamurt n temsamant bac ad nekkes tayyut d tadjest xf umezruy nneɣ n Arrif .
Cwayt zeg umezruy yuḍsen
Di rqan wis 19, tameqqant i yarrwen rmexzen d arrif ira teccur s imenɣan d ukasan (Haines), u deg yeyyar a yeqqar uɣemmis Afransis (l’observateur de moyen orient) deg uṭṭun n wass 21 Desamber 1958 «aqqa irifien zi rqan 17, nitni day sen taɣennant, war qebbren ad xaf sen tiri ca n tenbaḍt ɣar tenni ifarnen s ifassen nsen, s minzi arrif rebda ira yedja ɣar s azarug nes, s uya isseɛda ict n tsekna tzzugart n imenɣan ak rmexzen»
Amec yenna tanya anmzury d umarezzu Afransis August MOUIERRS deg udlis nes “amarrakec ur itwassnen” xf irifiyen manaya: “aẓwar nsen zeg iẓuran iqsḥen deg umaḍal, ijjen n uẓwar ɛemmars ma tuɣa t adu iwnfur, u itɛin aẓwar i yedjan waḥdes deg umaḍal, i war xafs yeqqar umezruy ca n rɛib, igherf a amezyan, tuɣa ɣar s azarug nes di marra tiwula, s uya arifi itxes ammur nnes ar weɛbaḍ»
Irifiyen itxsen tirelli d rmexzen iyxsen ad iḥwes yejja rebda ad inni irifiyen jar asen d imenɣan ujar zi tawala n uzedjid aɛalawi smaɛil, amec rebda rmexzen amec nniɣ di temssizwarut itarra arrif ɣar timura n ssiba u yerenni itraɣa asen s darija «msaxeṭ sidna», awar a i tuɣa ig itesra aṭṭas dduktur arifi muhmed lbeṭṭiwi wami ira yedja d anecruf di ujda deg ussgwas n 1984.
Xmi i ɣad yxecc assgwas n 1810 ad ysqad sriman aṣulṭan aɛalawi ijjen lḥerka ɣar serwan, ad day s isscmeḍ tudrin d redcur, u ad yacar iḥnjaren bac ad ten isqeddec deg umsbudder ak ddaribat i ɣad wcen irifiyen maḥned ad arren tarwa nsen, tabridt taɛeffant isqddec rmexzen d icwaḍ nes nettat s imant nes i ɣad yegg xf ayt wariɣer d tqebbar id as innḍen deg ussgwas ni beɛḍa, minzi irifiyen xenni ugin ad wcen ddaṛiba i rmexzen ḥit dg ukud ni ira tzawa d razaɣ. di 1812 ad yeɛaqeb rmexzen ɣar tnamit nnes tazaykut u ad yareddej redcur amen kmren deg ifarxanen, ayt cicar, serwan (2).
Jar 1813 d 1850 imbilryaliyen igrinziyen, ifransisen, isbunya … ad adfen rmexzen s ca n tira ufus, u da nita yedwer rmexzen ad itmezzaɣ xf taydji imḥwsen xf iftasen n arrif (les plages de Rif) d teyzirin nnes u xminni txsen irifiyen ad wsqen asbanyu zi mritc d min ɣar s yunuḍen, manawya itejja imbiryaliyen s twiza ak rmexzen ad teggen lḥerkat mgal irifiyen d iɣerf arifi amaziɣ, am tenni n uɣarrbu agranzi «djanus» assgwas n 1851 xf iftasen n arrif d lḥerka n rqayed xf teqbict n ayt yeznasen ccix mimun xf takunfidiralect n iqerɛien deg usgwass n 1852, ccix mimun yareni igga iɣarruba ad hḍan mritc d iɣarruba nneɣni it id asen zi tafriqt tabarcant ɣar sen .
Rmexzen ira itraja mermi ma hwan d irifiyen x isbunya bac ad arren tamurt nsen d tasɣart nsen id asen ḥwsen, ntaff itas d ak madrid mgal i wjdir, deg yeyyar a tuɣa din ictn n iḥerka beɛḍa yegg it ccix mimun deg ussgwas n umenɣni n tiṭṭawin (1859) di tawala n unbaḍ n ɛedbarhman ben hicam xf ayt cicar, deg ussgwass ni ad ttun amezruy nsen abarcan akid s carcen deg uraq n tiṭṭawin deg had teddez Madrid azedjif i fas, maca deg wansa ma ad isnimmer rmexzen irifiyen xf twiza nsen akid s, ntaff ineqqreb d akids deg ussgwas n 1864, ad iḍeg (attaquer) xf lḥusima, aḍag a ad idfar ijjen nneɣni di 1871 di tawala n muhmed ben ɛbedrrehman u ad yesslmes lḥassan amezwaru aṭtas n ddiwanat, rebda bac ad yeḥḍa irumiyen zi lbarud n ayt irifien.
Di 1889 ad yɛqeb rmexzen mgal irifiyen umi ugin ad sbedden imenɣiten nnsen ak sbanya, awarn as s kuẓ n issgusa ad tekkar deg iqerɛiyen adu thngart n Mimun n rmuxtar d ɛali arrubiyu umi ibnan isbunya ijjen lqecla tsajja xf umrabeḍ n sidi waryac, deg yeyyar a qqaren inmzruyen isbunya belli sidi waryac tuɣat d tazrut i xf arrzent turjatin nsen.
Rmexzen huma ad issigh fus n twiza irifiyen yuss d am rebda ak uɣezdis n irumiyen, xelli imeggura ya id ibḍan amenɣi ya, xf tigawt n sidi waryac teqqar tazrawct tarrifect izran a:
Umi id iffeɣ urumi / ibuɛ am rɛunsar
Ixarreḍ am rɛenzi / iseyyeḥ xf reɛarɛar (3).
Ar danita ad tsala tanfust n irifiyen ak sidi waryac umi iraḥ umas n lḥassan amezwaru ɣar Matiyas amɣar n mritc ad as issiweḍ tabrat n uwadem n lḥassan.
Xmi ineddakwar ɣar usatal umezruy ad naff belli ɛabdelɛziz netta yedjan d amasay amezwaru xf tiniɣi n ayt ibeqquyen, deg yeyyar ad nedwer ɣar imentilen n tidet i yejjin ɛbdelɛziz ad isqad bucetta lbeɣdadi ḥima ad isfeḍ ayt ubeqquy zi tmurt, umi ira ibeqquyen ttfen tasebbabt n yill u tugha teggen imenɣan ak iɣarruba n fransa d sbanya icten zzay sent, carfen ibeqquyen incraf d irumiyen amec aɣezdis nneɣni ra d netta icref irifiyen, da ggin imsagaren ḥuma ad arxun incraf zi sin iɣezdisa, irifiyen tuɣa aqqa ayen di tkurmut n uẓru n nkur d tinjis, u d wa d tawetilt (condition) issarsen ibeqquyen, awarni i wɛebbez n fransa xf rmexzen isrillett irifiyen zi tinjis, wami tuɣa yugi ɣar umezwaru, di 10 nwanbir 1897(4) s uya maḥned ad yarr aɛeffar ɛabdelɛziz i rmexzen yegga tiniɣni ya i ɣar d nedwer di tafult it id asen.
Tizmilin
1-inskulbideya n wikibedya
2-muḥmed lqjiri, mly muḥend d umussu arrifi, utun n sep-2007
3-teskla tamaziɣt jar tatlayt d tira d umxumber n ussuɣel, lɛumari, tafr : 67
4- leqjiri muḥmed, mly muḥend d umussu arrifi, uttun n sep – 2007
(2)
Tiniɣi n Bucetta d Ɛabdel Ɛaziz i Ayt Ibeqqueyn
Tuss d taqbitc n ibeqquyen deg yeɣzar n yesli d badis, deg yeffus nnes dinni ayt wareyiɣer, xf yeffus usammar ɣar s ibuda ak ayt yeṭṭfet, xf yezzrmeḍ nes ireqqa tt id yill acemrar anammas, agama n teqbitc day s aṭṭaṣ n idurar, mamec id yussa xf izzermeḍ nnes teyzirin iceffaren iddakwaren ɣar taqbict n icebdanen tarrifect, d iɣrem n Mritec yedjan deg ufus n usbanyu ar rextu, ak teyzart n nkur ɣar uɣezdis nneḍen din iɣrem n Sebta d tayzirt n Badis, s uya ntaff taqbict a ɣar s ijjen wansa d amqran u d axatar s wattas, min yejjin ad irin d imassen n yill di sin n rqrun yeɛdan, amec i xafsen yeqqar Muḥmed aznagi deg umegraḍ nnes itwafsaren deg uɣemmis n Numideya isezwel s «ibeqquyen umi ixes rmexzen ad ten iṣfeḍ», u ɛawed yarenni yeqqar belli awar ubuqquy/tabeqquyt ixes ad yini di tutlayt n tmaziɣt atarras i di yedja tabɣest (courage).
Ibeqquyen twassnen s tsebbabt tameḍlant u s tmeqqanin nsen ak iwrubbiyen, timeqqanin i ɣad yirin zg imentilen i ɣad yejjen rmxzen yusm zg wansa nsen ixes ad ten iṣfeḍ zi tmurt n arrif.
Amec nniɣ di tafult yeɛdan belli timeqqanin n ibeqquyen ak i wrubbiyen war ten tuɣi bu mliḥ, min yejjin iwrubbiyen a ad sqaden aṭṭaṣ n tebratin ɣar Ɛabdel ɛaziz, ameggaru y ura d netta ad issek mmis n ɛzizes umi itraɣan irifien «bu-tamment» yedjan isem nes nican Ɛbseram laemrani, da irifiyen ad twsqen, awsaq id as yeggin irifien i bu tamment tuss as d i rmexzen axmi id as marɣḍen tirrugza nsen d cenɛett nes deg ucar, x uyenni ixes rmexzen ad yarr addur i yixf nes s ca tmɣarṣut am tenni ɣad ggen deg wejdir d ibeqquyen.
Umi ittweḍ rmunett n rmexzen d wadaf n Ben crif bubkar d umenɣuy Bucetta lbeɣdadi ɣar yehri (capital) ajdir(1). U bac ad rajan ad ɣar sen taweḍ Rmunett nneɣni yudef ɛzizes n uzedjid bubkar ben crif d rqayed bucetta lbeɣdadi deg istugen (négociation) ak ibeqqueyn maḥned ad arbḥen akud, u ar ami i wfin nican belli ur zemmaren ad adfen deg umenɣni udem-g-udem, mstfaqen iselwayen userdas amxazni ḥuma ad arin ict tebrat jar asen adu isem n Ɛbdel ɛziz ad tɣaren xf ibeqquyen ḥuma ad sɣrḍen u ad ten jjen ad tɣiren belli ɛabdel ɛziz ur d yussi ad xaf sen igg ca imenɣni (guerre) niɣ ad xaf sen inṭeg (attaquer), axmi zeɛma issek d lmḥalla nes bac ad yaff ca n tṛeẓmi (solution) i wmxumber a(2).
Tabrat a tettwaɣar di ssuq n rḥed n aṛṛwaḍi, deg wansa ya tuɣa temsagaren imswqen n tmnaḍt ni, day s iwca umenɣuy lbeɣdadi tam n ussan maḥned ad myannan ayt ibeqquyen xf ca n taṛeẓmi u ad xaf sen arren da nita tuɣa din ijjen d abeqquy isem nes Ɛali lluh (innuri di 1927 awarni mu icrec deg imnɣni usrellit n arrif) iɛiq u ifaq ak tabrat a d tssarrawt tabuctawyect(3) xenni inna asen i ayt n tiremt nes aqqa mara war kid sen tfaqqem, ad jjen timɣarin nwen d tyujjar, tarwa nwem d wagra nwem jar ifassen n iceffaren… u ad tawyem rɛar i teqbict nwem ur tisffeḍ zzman… gget s wawar inu twarat a awarnas gget min txsem(4).
Awarni i wawar a n ɛali lluh, msbḍan ibeqquyen ak yenni ittiqen tabrat tabucttawct d yenni yeggin s wawar n ɛali lluh yina imeggura, fɣen zi teqbicht u itɛin amec inegzu zeg iɣbula umezruy i ɣar neɣ jar ifassen nneɣ belli tuɣa ten d tadersi, fɣen ɣar dzayar (wehran…), tittawin, mritc… ak yenni imezwura idjan d ticcemt, imeqranen nsen itakkawḍen ɣar 200 ayḍ sen ruḥen ɣar wejdir ḥuma ad kemren istugen nsen ak lbeɣdadi amux yeqqar muḥmed leqjiri dg udlis nes «mulay muḥned d umussu arrifi».
Maca deg ujdir u ar ami izzudjen remɣab d imxazniyen ad hwan xf imzadja s urdun (plomb), ad ineɣ abarru zzag sen yenni injmen ad ten awyen ɣar tkurmut n Mugadur (ṣwira rextu) issagwden u dinni i ɣad mten zi min iqqimen.
Awarni i tsekkirt a (opération) n temɣarsut n wejdir ad imutti lbeɣdadi ɣar usurif wis sin ak wenqar n tfuct n wass ni it id faren, ad yeɛda ɣar teqbict n ibeqquyen ad yegg ict tanṭagt d tameqrant ad day s ineɣ imezyanen, iwssura, timɣarin, iḥnjaren, ak min ɣar s iqnen d tukkarḍa d tuccfra n wagra ibeqquyen d uscmeḍ min ira yedjan d azeyza d awraɣ d usekkef (arracher) s tagdelt (en bref) n rmexzen yegga ktar zi uhulukest inazien deg udayen, s tsertit ines n tmurt icmḍen xelli ra d iwssura s temɣarin iffaren dg umrabeḍ n ɛali ben ḥessun deg waḍuz ur njimen.
Igumaḍ (les résultats) n tanṭagt a tamxaznect xf Arrif ira djan d iɛeffanen s wattas ḍa inni iqqimen dfaren aytmat sen ɣar sidi mheydya id yussin jar Mɣenya d Sɛeydya, mamec ṭfen ktar zi 400 ubeqquy ɣar tkurmut n mugadur azgen amqran nsen immut, u inneɣi nnufsren awarni i wɛebbez n Fransa xf rmexzen amarrakec
Amec qqaren inemzryen belli umi id yarra aneɣmis ɛabdel ɛziz tekkar tumert dg iɣrem nnes, maca wenni yeggin ca ad ixedjes ujar mara yegga ca di tesɣart irifien ammu deg ijjen wass irifien ra djan deg yiɣrem ageldan (palace royal) n muḥmed ben yussef, u tuɣa din bucetta lbeɣdadi fus n ɛzizes n muḥmed wis smuds, umi id arrin taynit irifien ad xaf s kebben ɣasulina ad as wcen timessi, scmḍen tt amen yeddar yesɣuyu jar tittawin n uzedjis ines, xenni iffeɣ d bac ad isnjem axeddam n rmexzen maca anbaḍ n waydud ira yuyar di arrimet nes(5).
Amec nezra belli irifien zi rebda tuɣa txsen ad qerɛen xf uḥwes zi tmurt nsen, maca di twarat d ict maḥned ad kid sen ibedd rmexzen u ad kid sen iswiza it ass d Lbeda magl nsen, minzi ɣar umeggar netta s imant nes d aḥwes, xezzaren ɣar s irifien amec xezzaren ɣar usbanyu niɣ ɣar ca n ijjen zi ṭṭarf d anfur (étranger).
Tigawin a i tuɣa ismunen Rmexzen d arrif, ijja asɣun n uflas (confiance) ad itwaqqes (ad itwabby) u danita yeqqar Jerman ɛeyyac deg udlis nes iẓuran n umenɣi di Arrif di tafart nes tis 107 manaya «…idja tacan irifien s tiqesst iwezwizen zeg ijjen uɣezdis, d ussuter d ussitem issersen deg udem n izedjiden iɛalawien iruḥ zeg ijjen uɣezdis nneden, deg umeggaru n rqarn (19) tuɣa idakkwar d rmexzen maḥned ad ineɣ iwdan d wareddej n tzedduɣin, s umentil n imneɣni ira yedjan jar irifien ak usbanyu, wac nzemmar ad nini belli irifyen xsen war tirin bu d imarrak?».
S minzi irifiyen war xsen ca ad irin d imarrak amec yenna Jerman ɛeyyac u amec nan nattas i inemzruyen d mulay muḥned s imant nnes, dwren irifien d igrawliyen u d imɣewɣen aked mkuy ca umussu yuss d d amaynu ixes asmskel (changement), s uya nzemmar ad negzu (ad nfhem) mayemmi ggin fus nsen deg ufus n bu-teɣyuct niɣ amec i tuɣa id-as itraɣa rmexzen rrugi, u maɣar yegga taqsebt n serwan d ansa nes d ihri mgal i Fas, manawya i xf ɣas nesswier di tafult it id asen.
Tizmilin
(1): M-leqjiri, Mulay muhned d umussu arrifi, Tawiza uttun 127
(2): D.hart the aith waryaghar of moroccan rif, tuscar of arizona press, 1976, p 355
(3): m-leqjiri, Mulay muhned d umussu arrifi, tawiza uttun 127
(4): العربي اللوه، الكفاح في منعال أبطال الشمال، تطوان 1982، ص 94
(5): محمد أزناكي، إبقوين عندما قرر المخزن إبادتهم، ج نوميديا ع 8 ص 7


text:
« Yefka umazun uzzig n uselway n tegduda azul n tegmat n uselway Tebboune i umtil-nnes azerbiǧani am wakken ay as-yessarem tadawsa yelhan d telhillit, yernu yessarem ugar n ufara d tenkelwit i uɣref azerbiǧani agmat », ɣef wakken ay d-yenna ulɣu-a.
Seg yidis-nnes, « iwekkel uselway Aliyev Mass Lamamra akken ad yessiweḍ azul-nnes aḥmayan i uselway Tebboune yernu ad t-yesnemmer s telqayt ɣef umirew d udhal ur iḥebbsen n Zzayer i wussisen d tsentayin n tselwit tazerbiǧanit deg ukatar n Umussu n Tmura Ur Iderreren », ɣef wakken ay d-yerna ulɣu-a.
« Aselway n Tegduda n Azerbiǧan yessenfali-d daɣ timeɣsiwt-nnes akken ad yerzu ɣef Zzayer akken ad imahel d uselway Abdelmadjid Tebboune akken ad reẓmen iglan d imaynuten n unmireg gar snat-a n tmura deg wakk tiɣula, yernu yeɣs daɣ Mass Aliyev ad yettwasdus umciweṛ d unmireg gar Zzayer d Azerbiǧan ladɣa deg tɣult n teẓwert imi snat-a n tmura deg snat d timsiǧwin timeqranin n wurrig », ɣef wakken ay d-yenna uɣbalu-a.
Iwekked-d uselway n Tegduda n Azerbiǧan dakken « adeg ay sɛant snat-a n tmura d yiseḍra-nsent deg Umussu n Tmura Ur Iderreren d ayen ay d-iḥettmen fell-asent, ass-a, ugar akk talliyin niḍen, akken ad zdint ussisen-nsent i udraw deg usenqes n ccwal » deg umaḍal.


text:
Ayenni tiweḍ taselmadt-tamarezzut Zzuhra Lxemlici (x Facebook : Zohra El-Khamlichi) di tesdawit n Ɛebdelmalek Sseԑdi ig issɣuran tasusyulujit, tettegg tizemmar-nnes bac ad tessujed ijjen ddusi ɣer Unesco bac ad ssidfen ideqqi n Arrif (Ideqqi n Iderducen, Tamasint) am ijjen wagla d amaḍlan ɣer Unesco.
Lxedmet-a tanita a tewwec azal i ssenԑet-a Tamaziɣt i yewtin iẓewran deg umzruy. Ideqqi, ittwaḥsaben la d netta d wudem zeg wudmawen n tnettit-nneɣ d wagla-nneɣ i neԑlem neccin.
Anԑam n Unesco s ideqqi n Arrif, iggur ad iwwec ijjen buḥbel-nniḍen i ssenԑet-a i tteggent timɣarin tikampawyin, mamec ad issmeɣer zi ssuq n ideqqi d usxedem n leqcuԑ n ideqqi deg iḥemmasen d tudrin, mayemmi wer ttilin isalayen (des musées) n ideqqi Arifi.
Lxemlici, tetter zi tmesmunin bac ad ԑawnent ddusi, ad as-sekkent ijjen tutra n twiza qbel 03 mares.


text:
Abrid n tira s tmaziɣt wer ihwin mamec ttɣilen ca n yewdan, maca iccur s taẓyuḍi issuren akd leḥriq d tamara. Jar udiqqi d ulaɣi d ammud wis sin n Ḥalim Lmadani, amedyaz aḥudri issentan abrid n tira mazal d ameẓẓyan, maca ittban belli imal-nnes di tira ad yerni alellec deg yiger n tsekla tamaziɣt. Ammud-a ismun day-s 49 n tqessisin mkul ict min xef d-tiwi : Tayri, tumast[1], tamurt, imxumbal n tudert… Maca marra idsent munent deg usefsi n ifeqqusen i zi ittaca umedyaz. S manaya azgen ameqqran n tqessisin ssawalent xef tufrayin-nnes[2] ; Min ɣa yini, min xef ɣa yari umedyaz mara wer yuri xef minzi ittaca ? Mara wer isɣuyy s tira ataɣ ad as-slen yewdan, ataɣ tiqessisin-nnes ad ggent inadan.
Min iɛna umedyaz deg wammud-a ? Mamec ittwala ixef-nnes ? Ma am netta am marra yewdan ? Niɣ iẓaṛṛ ixef nnes wer yelli am nitni ? Manaya ittejja-t irezzu, ittelli di tira n tedyazt xef tlelli wer yufi di tilawt[3]. Amedyaz d netta i ittellmen awal, ittejja- aneɣ a nemmuddu[4] jar tawalin d tguriwin, a neswingem di min yexs ad yini. Yexs ad idder ijj n tudert tecna di tqessisin, irezzu xef taẓyuḍi deg wesnulfu[5], minzi tudert teccur s tarẓugi. Netta wer iḥesseb xef yixef-nnes d amedyaz ula d azlawi, tadallit wer tt-iqebbel, yexs ad issiley zi tsekla tamaziɣt, yexs tilelli di tira.
Tira tudyizin[6] zeg isental i nettaf deg wammud-a. Amedyaz ittzawer wami tedwel marra tḥesseb xef yixef-nnes tettari. Tira n tqessisin tedwel d taɣawsa i shewnen yewdan. Lmadani wer t-iɛjib manaya, issitim wer tettɣimi tedyazt tarifit teqqen, yexs ad teḍleq i wafriwen-nnes, ad tḍew di ttasiɛ n ujenna, ad tezzuzzar tcuni-nnes xef marra ddunit.
Tira xef tenn ittexs wer ttenfirirent. Maca mamec ggint tira-ya ? Ma am tinni ittwassnent ɣer midden. Nettaf-itent msebḍant, iysint aṭṭaṣ n lemɛani. Yura xaf-s ca n tira msebḍant xef tinni nessen ; yura xafs s wass d tmeddit. Nettaf taẓyuḍi d tarẓugi n beṭṭu, niɣ timenna n yewdan d tismin-nnsen i ibeṭṭan jar yenn ittexsen ayawya. Maca ttɣimant tira d asafar. Ca n twalatin-nniḍen, nettaf tenn ittexs umedyaz d taɣbalt n tqessisin-nnes. Yexs wer kid-s ittemesebḍi, maca izerfan n tudert niɣ n yewdan qesḥen kṭar zzay-s. Timexsa ɣar-s aṭṭaṣ n wudmawen, din ula timexsa n imawlan[7]. Yexs ad aneɣ-imel cḥal xafs ɛizzen, yexs ad asen-yini belli tayri-nnes i yemma-s d baba-s wer ɣar-s bu wegmir.
Laggwaj xef tmurt mani d-ilul, mani isseɛdu temẓi tejj-d leɣrubiyet, teẓẓu aẓuyyet deg wul n umedyaz. Tamurt deg wammud-a d yemmas n bnadem, iqseḥ ad xaf-s yaggwej. Nettaf di ca n tqessisin ijj n udiqqi imɣar wami xaf-s yiggwej netta d lwacun- nnes, jarkṭar yemma-s i ttuɣa innumen tettedder di ddcar-nnes, maca tufa ixef-nnes ad temmuttiy bezzez xaf-s ɣer yijj n tmurt-nniḍen, minzi taqsuḥi n tudert tejja aṭṭaṣ n Irifiyen ad xlan ddcurat-nsen. Lmadani wer yeqbil asinef n Arif. Yexs ad yessen mayemmi, ar mermi ɣa yeqqim ammu.
Atlaɛ zi Arif d ijj zeg isental i irbu wammud-a, ula d wammuden n imedyazen-nniḍen. Tazawa tuzzel xef yewdan, tuzzegzewt temmexs igran, izdeɣ-iten usennan deg wemcan n benneɛman. Laggwaj isseɣmi deg wul n umedyaz aẓuyyet n ddcar i wer iẓṛi aṭṭaṣ zeggwami. Ittetter zeg uṣemmiḍ ad as-d-yawi ineɣmisen-nnes. Ittseqsa-t mamec illa, ma ibeddel niɣ aqqa-t amenni mamec t-issen zi temẓi. S yijj n wawal, timexsa d tagrawla, timexsa d amenɣi xef min ittexs d yenn ittexs.
Timenna n midden d imewwas ikerrfen yewdan ḥuma wer tteggen min xsen. Amedyaz wer iqbil manaya, yexs ad iḍfaṛ abrid-nnes, ad yegg min yexs netta, wer t- cqint timenna wer iqeṭṭin, uca irezzu xef tlelli di tqessisin ittari, minzi tilawt day-s ɣar akraf n izerfan d tnuma d mamec xaf-neɣ tura. Aṭṭas n twalatin wer ɣar-neɣ lḥeqq a nedder mamec nexs neccin, maca mamec xsen yenniḍen. Lmadani yiwi-d di tqessisin- nnes ula xef yewdan iḥeṭṭan ayetma-tsen. Manaya wer t-iqebbel. Deg uɣezdis-nniḍen, ittwala timegga, nitenti d beṭṭu jar bnadem aṣebḥan d uɛeffan.
Ammud-a immuttiy zzay-neɣ ɣer yijj n tɣawsa nniḍen, xmi nettaf ca n yewdan ḥessben xef yixfawen-nsen « ɣrin » maca wer jar-asen akd tmaziɣt ɣar lxir. Kṭar zi manaya, waxxa d awal n yemma-tsen, wer zzays reṭṭin, sseḥqaran-tt, ttwalant d ijj n yiles wer « ineffeɛ ». Maca akd tmarniwt n wefrak,[8] tessenta tafuct n tmaziɣt ad tenqar. Waxxa din ca wer tt-qbilen, xsen ad tt-dlen s buseyyar, nettaf tira d nettat i ɣa isleqḥen awal amaziɣ ḥuma ad yerni alellec.
Amedyaz wer ittu ad issemɣer zi ca n yergazen d temɣarin am Mimunt n Selwan isseddren tamaziɣt s leɣnuj-nnes deg yijj n wakud tuɣa tamɣart wer tezmir ad teffeɣ ad tɣennej berra n tmeɣriwin n ddcar-nnes. Wer ittu ca ɛawed ad iwerda ijj n tqessist i Naṣer Zzefzafi innan tidet s jjehd bla ma ad yaggwed ula d ijjen. Waxxa ggint di texjunt, maca taɣlaɣalt n wawal-nnes iḍḍuqẓen jar idurar n Arif, yiweḍ marra amaḍal, ad iqqim ircem deg umezruy am tiggaz.
Lmadani wer ittu aselmad-nneɣ iɛizzen d umusnaw Ḥasan Benɛaqiya i tiwi tmennawt, ijja-aneɣ d iyujilen, wer nufi wi xef ɣa nsenned. Maca iman-nnes iddren i lebda deg wulawen-nneɣ. Waxxa arramet truḥ, maca buḥbel-nnes aqqa-t lebda jar yenn xef iɛizz, yenn iḍfaṛen abrid-nnes ; abrid n tussna d twiza i walay n tmaziɣt.
Deg umeggar, tiqessisin-ad alaɣi n umedyaz i yijj n yimal itifen iḍennaḍ d wass-a. D alaɣi n layas, d asafar n waṭṭan.[9] Waxxa ca n twalatin ittexs ad yaggwej xef tira, maca nitenti ttagint ad xaf-s aggwjent, lesqent day-s i lebda, jjullent ma kid-s msebḍant. Axmi xsent ad as-inint : « – ari-aneɣ, mala tugid ad c-nari nnit ».
Abdelmottaleb Zizaoui
Tijdect 22/07/2022
[1] Tamagit
[2] Minzi nettaca
[3] Tudert n tidet (Réalité)
[4] Amuttiy zeg wemcan ɣer wemcan (nsafar)
[5] Min illan d amaynu (Création)
[6] Teqqen ɣer tedyazt (Poétique)
[7] Lwalidin
[8] Afaqi (Conscience)
[9] Lehlak


text:
Wwḍen ad ggen Imarikaniyen Joe Biden d amɣar d jjdid x-asen. Di Washington tettwagg ficta n umutti n tenbaḍt ɣer 17.00 s lweqt n grinitc. Qbel ma ad ggen ficta-ya ttuɣa sswejden-as mliḥ, s waṭṭas n uḥeṭṭu maḥend wer ittuqiɛ ca n lfuyun. Ula kṭer zeg inni ittexsen ɛad aselway Donald Trump. Di Setta zi Yennayer i yeɛdan ttuɣa udfen x lebni n ukapitul – ansa n uberlaman- mmuten x-as xemsa n midden.
Lux, drus n yiwdan i ɣa jjen ad ḥeḍren, urid luluf n midden amec i ttuɣa ɛada qbel. Trump netta yugi ad yeḥḍer, iraḥ ɣer Florida. Manaya ɛemmers wer yuqiɛ deg umezruy n Umarikan, ca n 150 iseggusa zeg wami.
Trump deg wawal n umsafaḍ-nnes : Negga min xef d-nusa
Biden d temɣart-nnes Jile uyuren-d zi twilayt n Dilawer ɣer Washington. Biden ikka ca n 16 iseggusa netta d agmam (membre) deg useqqim iwessura qbel ma ad yili d nnayeb n uselway n Barack Obama zi 2008 ar 2016.
Deg uɛecci-nni i di t ɣa rren d rrayes, ttuɣa-t x yixef n ficta ig issemɣaran s Imarikaniyen ig immuten s Covid 19. Mala walu wwḍen ɣer ca n 400 alef mala walu qaɛ.
Ass-a n larbeɛ ad iraḥ netta ɣer taddart tacemlalt zi senni ɣer Ukapitul. Mamec ittwaxedmen 200 alef n ibanduten n Marikan deg wazzareg n « National Mall » i yellan arendat i lebni n Ukapitul, ḥuma ad ṭṭfen amkan i midden i ttuɣa xsen ad d-asen.


text:
Le Rifain
Ass n 18 yulyuz zi mkul asegg°as, tixḍar-it UNESCO ass n 10 nuwanbir 2009 bac ad yili d ass amaḍlan n Nilsun Mandilla, ass-a ittemqudda aked wass n tlalit-nnes. Yettwagg d ass amaḍlan s yisem-nnes, d ijjen usemɣer zeg-s netta d min yewca i tdelsa n wefra d tlelli ɛlaḥsab min tenna UNESCO.
67 n yisegg°usa n tɣensa di tudert-nnes, Ilul Mandilla di teqbilt n Hawsa (Xhosa) iɣra izerfan di tesdawiyin di Tefriqt n yeffus, idder di Juhansburg, deg-s ig idwel d ameɣnas kuntra i yimesdurriyen, yudef deg yijjen ukabar n wegraw anamur Afrikan. Zegga wwḍen yifrikanen ifusiyen ɣer leḥkam di 1948 bdan tteggen lferz jer yiberkanen d yicemlalen. Da i dd-iban netta ittegg tizemmar-nnes di lxedmet-nnes n ubuɣaw d tuɣensa-nnes deg ukabar, ittwaṭṭef aṭṭas n twalatin, uca ḍellqen-as, di 1961 yettwaṭṭef, teḥkem x-as lmeḥkama s leḥbes tudert-nnes amen tekmel. Ikka Mandilla 27 issgusa di leḥbes, aṭṭas n uɛebbeẓ i yettwaggen x Tefriqt n yeffus maḥend ad snufslen argaz-a, ar mani i das-rxun di 1990, di 1994 ad idwel d aselway n Tefriqt n yeffus.


text:
Tizlitt taneggarut n Takfarinas, tin yessuzlen aṭas n wawal, i d-ijebden lwelha n yakk iqbayliyen, tɣunzatt radyu n lezzayer, imi deg wasmi i d-yeffeɣ clip-ines werǧin i snesli deg radyuwat n lezzayer nebla ma nemmeslay-ed ɣef tlizri taɣennawt tazayrit.
Xas ulamma clip n tezlitt agi d win yellan deg Youtube, ugar n wagur aya, xas diɣ d win walan xilla n yemdanen, imi yewweḍ wuṭṭun-nsen ugar n 825 n igiman ( 825 411), maca ar ass-a n wussan, yettwet-as wantiṛdi deg radyuwat n lezzayer, ayen ara d-ibegnen i win d tin mazal yezdeɣ ccek ɣef yizen i yra ad yesɛeddi mas Takfarinas deg tezlitt agi, imi d tin yesnernayen aḥulfu aɣelnaw aqbayli.
Ass-agi isem « KABYLIE » yessekcam rrehba deg yal win ara t-id-ibedren, yessagad iɛdawen-nneɣ, ula d trizlitt ugaden amar ad d-efḍeḥ tazzayrit yerrewten, deg wul n yal aqbayli.


text:
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text:
Lapsn Zahur – 2010
Iga wallas yan wanaw ittussann v tskla tamazivt taqbuët nttan d umarg, sin udmawn bäanin , ku yan d tvarast ns s ad isawl xf isyafatn d iskkirn d timsar n ufgan d umadan.
Allas v tskla tamazivt taqburt, zud aæ tiskla n imadann yaänin, issn vd nttan mnnaw n waddadn, v llan umiyn d ddmin d tnqqas d tallasin v kra igat anaw( tin tfrgact, tin izlan, tin iårramn, tin imudarn..).. . Inawn ad n wallas lli av d ilkmn s tvarast tamiwant, ar av mmaln abuvlu n tskla tamazivt d mad tusi v tsga n tvrma tafgnant.
Inawn ad n wallas ttussann v tskliwin timaäalin, macc zäaën imadann s tirra ad zzgrn s yan umaäal asklan yattuyn, tkf asn tirra n tskliwin nnsn ad fln adriz nns v tvrma ad tamaälant.
Tg tullist këëuçn yan wanaw n wallas lli ur tssin tkla tamaälant amr yat tsukt ay ad, ur tufi agayyu ns, d ur tbidd f ixf ns tskr iwtta lli rad stt içli d wanawn ann yaänin n wallas amr v uzån iggåran n tasut tiss ttça d mra (19 siecle) v urubba dar « Keller, Tolstoï, Maupassant, Kipling, Tchékov …», inbdadn n tçuë n tullist gzzuln v tskla tamaälant, skrn as icumac s tbidd, d iwtta lli stt içllin d wanawn yaänin n wallas.
v tskla tamazivt ur ad nbdr tullist këëuçn iv tt ur nzdi d tirra lli igan tizi n tlalit ns v tmazirt nv, tizi lliv ad ttaran imazivn taskla nsn s tutlayt nsn v uzån wiss sin n tasut n simraw( 20) , ig udlis n “pasan id blqasm” « Imaran » yan zv idlisn zwarnin isskan taçuri n tullist ittyaran v tskla tamazivt, iäfr t id ilmma udlis n tullisin “Anzlif “ n Mupmmad Aciban lli igan yan tirmit ikfan yan udmn ibuvlan n tullist tamazivt, äfrn t id ilmma idlisn yaänin yumçn ibridn n tirmit v tçuir n tullist këëuçn, ar ilmma ittbayan udm n tullist tamazivt s tvarast s ttussan v tskla tamaälant, dar imaratn zud Mupmmad Upmmu, Zahur lpcn, Mupmmad Usus, Maysa racida Lmrraqi, Fuaad Azëwal, Brahim Losri, Dawd Garpu d wiyyaä..
Isqsitn mqquënin izziwizn gantn : is tçäaë tullist gzzuln tamazivt ittyaran ad tbidd f ixf ns, tsbidd tirsal nns ? d is sul tlla v uswir n tirmit? d is tzäaë ad tssnapya ixf ns fadd ad nini tskr içuëan ns v tskla tamazivt?
Isqsitn ad rad tn nn naç fadd ad nkf yan usmmaqql f wanaw ad n tçuri, yan usmmaqql içlin s twila ( forme) s ttuskarnt tullisin lli mu nçli tazrawt ad, ig may ad yat twwuri ur irxin, acku:
– Taçuëi n tullist gzzuln tga sul yan wanaw atrar v tskla tamazivt.
– Tadrusi n iäëisn n wanaw ad.
– Tizi ad v nlla, tga sul tizi n tirmit d usska n tçuëi ad.
Macc timukrisin ad ur ad av kkisnt ad nkf yan usmmaqql n ufran f tçuëi n tullist tasklant tamazivt ittyaran; mani tlkm?
Matta tivarasin ad tumç? Mad trna i wallas v tskla nv? Mad tsska..? Ifrdisn n ucpu gis illan?..
Tazrawt ad rad stt ssigzulv f twila n wallas v tullisin ttyaranin, mu çlin idlisn nsnt imzwura da d iffavn.
Idlisn ad gant :
– « Imarayn” n pasan Id Blqasm.
– “Anzlif ” n Mupmmad Aciban.
– “ Izmaz n trgin” n Mupmmad Upmmu.
– “Amussu n umalu” n Zahur lpsn.
– “Ait iqqjdr d uxsay” n Mupmmad Usus.
– “Aozri n tuççumt” n Brahim Losri.
– « Tivëi n tbratt » n Ṣãafi mumn oli.
v tsga yad ur ad nttu ad nbidd f tçuëi n ungal lli mu issav Jurj Lukatc tamalpamit n tburjwazit.
Rad tt nn nagå vd nttat zv tsga tatiknikt n wallas, rad av yaws v uswir ad tadrsi n idlisn n wanaw ad n tskla :
– Tawwargit d imikk n Mupmmad Akunaä.
– Ijjign n tidi n Mupmmad Akunaä.
– Azrg akucam n obdllah Sbri.
– Igäaä n wihran n Lpusayn Buyaoqubi.
Nwats v tzrawt ad, ad nkf yan usmmaqql izwarn n ufran f idlisn d iäëisn nsn, zv yat tsga lli igan tatiknikt n wallas.
Tavarast ad ar av ttawi ad nggr i kra isqqsitn lli ttummal tazrawt ad ad asn tkcm, zud :
Matta titiknikin n wallas s sskan imaran ad tullisin d ungaln nsn ?
Madd usin zv taysi tamazivt? Mad darsn igan atrar, iv nssn isd tullist gzzuln d ungal gan taçuëi tatrart v tskla tamaälant?
Tazrawt ad tsbzzizz fllav ad näfë yat tvarast n uslä ( analyse), rad gis nbidd f kra igat adlis fadd add gis nssfav tavarast nvdd tivarasin n wallas s ttuskarnt tullisin nvdd ungaln, ilmma nkf i imvri yat tvri izwarn içlin s twila taçurant n iäëisn ad, lli igan iäëisn zwarnin isskan taçuëi n tallast gzzuln v tamazivt, slawann akæ v tizi ad lli mu nssav tizi n usski v tskla tamazivt.
Adlis : Imarayn ( 1988)
Iga udlis ad yan v idlisn zwarnin içlin s tzuëi n tullist, iv ur nenni zv willi gisn izwarn . Tazwart –ad ad t isskcamn s tirmit v udvaë ad, vmk ann as d uckant tullissin ns usint didsnt timitar n tirmit.
Ttamt n tullisin ad igan iäëisn n udlis ad, ar ttsutuln f uskti n waddad amttan d usrtan v tizi lli mu nssav “ isgåasn n uqëyan”.
v uswir n twila d usski n tçuëi lliv av ihmman v tzrawt ad, izmijjl gisnt umara “Ḥasan Id Blqasm” mnnawt tvarasin :
– Tattiknikt n wallas taqburt s tirsal s ttussan ( advaë, azmz, timsirin, tamukrist, tassast n tmukrist d ufssay), Tattiknikt ad ttusska srsnt tullist izwarn lli mu issav “akbuë” d tiss snat “ tikki uhu”.
– Asmun gr snat tallasin v tullist tiss këaät lli mu issav “ ddmin n tihiya d umlik” : issimjil gis umara tvarast n wallas n tdmint, lli nn ittaçn “ taddmint n tayri” v tskla tamazivt.
– Tavarast n ukabaë : v tullist tiss kkuçt ” kyyi ad igan tadrfit inu” tucka d v waddad n ttça d mraw n igzman, tga tullist vzzifn isawaln f tvarast n tudrt n uwrik ns. vmk ann d tullist tiss smmust “ tamvëa n wuccn” lli d yuckan v mrawigzman, vmkann d tullist “ açgåav” lli d yuckan v smmus igzman.
– Tattiknikt n umsawal : tullist tiss säist “tamarayt” tusska akæ s tvarast n umsawal, amsawal gr yat trbit isaqqsan amnoaë f manik as ad tettahl amaray ns illan v tbniqt .
Nzäaë ad nzzigzul awal, nini is tga tavarast taklasikit n wallas tavarast bahra nn tafi v tullisin n udlis ad n “pasan id blqasm”, acku tumayin d isntal( thèmes) n tullisin ad isawaln f umuç asrtan v yat tizi sggann n tmazirt nv ittussann s isgåasn n uqëyan, timayin ad ur asnt igi abla zud tavarast ad n wallas.
Adlis : Anzlif ( 1998)
Ismun udlis ad gr tiflwin ns ttça n tullisin. Tavwdft ( observation) izwarn rad ivwdf imvri n tullisin – ad iga tt tutlayt tanaçuët lli s ttyarant, tutlayt issimjiln isiswln sqqiqqnin n taysi tamazivt.
Ar ittggr umara v tullisin ad ns i tmukrisin tinamunin ( social) s tvarast n wallas, ackint d tullisin ad s mnnawt tettiknikin n wallas:
– Tullist izwarn “ oli iænan ” izmijjl gis tavarast taqburt n wallas.
– Tullist tiss snat izmijjl gis tavarast n usddugm ( symbole) , gin gis iwrikn tigguna , ar sawalnt f tmukrisin nsnt v wamun.
– Tullist tiss kraät, yiwi tt id umara “ Mupmmad Aciban” s tvarast n tddmint “ omti tikrkas” , ar tsawal f twwargiwin n yan umpäaë v tdala.
– Tullisin tiss kkuçt d tiss smmust , izmijjl gis umara tattiknikt n umalus amlawal lli isawaln f ulvuv n tullist, issn fllas tuggt n tvmrin.
Tivarasin nvdd titiknikin n wallas v udlis ad mnnawt, nzäaë ad nini is gis tumç tullist tamazivt ittyaran abrid ns s idirn yaänin n wanaw ad n tskla v dar willi radd iäfuë amara ad.
Adlis : Izmaz n trgin ( 2008)
Ismun udlis ad ttamt n tullisin irksn gr mad d yusi zv taddminin d mad igan asnflul.
– Zv wanaw igan ddmin , rad nn nafi taddmint n “ sidi bu ugrtil “ lli ittussann, d tddmint n “ jmioa d ultmas tanafalt” irwasn taddmint “ zriqa d mriqa”.
– Zv wanaw iäfën tavarast n ddmin v ussku n tullist , rad nn nafi tullist n
– “ iswingimn d twwargiwin n uzal”.
– Zv wanaw ittuskarn s tvarast taqburt n tullist, rad tg tullist izwarn “ tunaruz” amdya ( exemple) n wanaw ad anaçuë.
Ar ittgga udlis- ad yat twlkt tasklant ismunn gr sin wanawn n tçuëi : ddmin d tullist igzzuln.
Adlis : Ayt iqqjdr d uxsay (2009)
Açlay s içli udlis ad igat tivarasin n tçuëi s ad isïïa umara “ Mupmmad Usus” tullisin, izäaë ad izmijjl tayssi tamazivt fad ad iggr i tmukrisin n vil ad v usmun amvribi, v tlla tamukrist n tmagit, tadimukratit, zzlä..
May- ad ar ikccm v mad mu nttini “assuçë n tullist tamazivt” zoma ad as nkf açuë ns amaziv, may ad ar av ittnfalal zv uzwl n udlis “ Ayt iqqjdr d uxsay” izdin d yan umiy bahrra ittussan v tskla tamazivt, igat umiy n “ faäma d mupmmad”.
Yusi udlis ad säis d mraw n tullisin, gis kraät tullisin bahra gzzuln, ig wanaw –ad yan wanaw amaynu v tskla tamaälant lli ittussann bahra v tskla n marikan alatini.
Iv nkcm s titiknikin d tvarasin s ttusskant tullisin, rad naf mnnaw tvarasin as ttuskarnt, lli isskcmn taçuëi n tullist tamazivt s yan uswir n tskla d tçuëi lli s d iqqan i tskla tamazivt ad sis tkcm v uzmz ad.
Zv tvarasin ad n wallas, rad nn naf:
– Tatiknikt ilsan tamlsit n taddmint, ttusska sis tullist “ad lalv”, tzzigz tullist ad f tvarast n tddmint “omti tikrkas”.
– Tavarast ismijjln tatiknikt n ddmin v tsga n tzwart d tgira ns, ar tt nçëëa v tullist n “ ivrm n tusut” lli isawaln f iskraf n imzdavn n yan ivëm d ikkan umzruy, ismijjl gis tazwart d tgira n ddmin.
– Tavarast taklasikit s ttussan tullist, ttuskar srs tullisin “ ivirdm”, “ tirra”, ”tanirt”…
– Tavarast n “ tamssætit, ttuskar srs tullist “ayt tiggas”.
Adlis : Aozri n tuççumt ( 2009)
Ismun udlis ad yan d mraw n tullist, mnnawnt idvarn nsnt gr tmazirt d fransa, iwrikn n tullisin -ad ar tn ismmun assugu d ussinf v yan wamun lli v ur ufin izrfan nsn, slawan aæ v tullisin n” aozri n tuççumt” d “ accumur n bzziz” d “ tarrizwannt n ifssi” d “ tawavit”.
v tullist n “ tagrwla n taætbit” ar nn ittgr umar v tmsar ns i tmagit tamazivt lli fln idbab ns, vmk ann d tullist n “mupmmad n marikan” lli isawln f yan umirikan irwl d zv tmazirt ns fad ad ur igaja awin t s imiv n Bitnam, iddr v yat tmazirt n tmizar n Sus aylliv iga zud iwwis, macc rad sul yavul s tmazirt ns, rad nn ikk mnnaw isgåasn, iwrri d s tmazirt yaf tt id tamazirt ur sul tgi xttalli ifl.
Tittiknikin v udlis ad mnnawnt , illa v tullisin mad ittuskarn s tvarast tatrart zud tullisin “ aozri n tuççumt” d “ arzgi”, illa mad ittuskarn s tattiknikt s ttussan tullist , timsar ar ssntint , ilmma äfënt avaras nsnt, smdnt s ufssay.
Tullist vzzifn : adlis “Tivëi n tbratt” ( 1993)
Iga “ããafi mumn oli” yan zv imaran zwarni v tsga n tullist mqquën, iv ur nenni nttat ad izwarn v wanaw- ad, iga udlis “tivri n tabratt” zv idlisn akæ zwarnin v wanaw ad n tallast v tskla tamazivt ittyaran, iv nzru udlis ad ns lli d iffavn v usgåas n 1993 rad t nn naf ar nn ittaç ungal macc timsar d iwrikn d tzdayin nsn ar ttawint udlis -ad ad ikcm v wanaw n tullist bahra vzzifn, ismijjl gis umara tatiknit n wallas n tullist taqbuët, zv tazwart ns ar tigira ns, ar gis zzigznt timsar v uäëf n wallas aklasiki, ar ssntint timsar , zzigznt s tassast , ilmma ar d ttaæint s ufsay v ad ittafi imvëi tumrt d ussunfu n uåns.
Ungaln :
Nzäaë ad nini is iga umara “Mupmmad Akunaä” amara mqquën issëãan taçuëi n ungal v tskla tamazivt, issnti tawwuri ns tungalt s ungal ns izwarn “ tawwargit d imikk” 2002, iäfr t id s “ ijjign n tidi” (2006).
v “ twwargit d imikk” ar isawal ungal f yan wamun amaziv mççin igan adwwar, iggr nn i tmukrisin ns, tamatant, tasrtit, tutlayt, askd ( relegion).. ar gis zzigznt timsarv v yan ubrid yuvvwän, imikk s imikk s ar aqqwlaynt ar kiv lkmnt tassast, ar d ilmma ttgåznt s tgira d ufsay nsnt, zund vmklli nn nttafa v ungal aklasiki.
v ungal ad ns wiss sin “ ijjign n tidi”, inapya d walli izwarn v tvarast n tuska. Wis sin ad, iäfë gis Akunaä yat tavarast zv tvarasin s itussan ungal amaynu (le nouveau romon) dar imnugal imaäaln lli ttaranin “ungal amaynu”, zund Alain Robbe-Grillit, d Nathalie Sarraut, d klaud simon.. v fransa, d Samuel Peckett d James Joyce v Irland…
v ungal “ ijjign n tidi”, ar nn ittaç akunaä s wanaw ad n ungal amynu, ig ungal ad ns yat trmit tamaynut v tskla tamazivt.
v ungal ad, ur ad nn ttafi timsar ar zzigiznt zun d s mklli zzigiznt v ungal aqbur/aklasiki lliv ad ttamçnt timsar yan uäëf ivrrdn , ar aqqwlaynt ar afa n tassast aæint d ilmma s tgira nsnt, ismd ilmma ungal.
Irwas d ungal « ijjign n tidi » kra n tbpirt nvdd tavult ; tavult ibäan f tzunin , kra igat tuzunt s ma s tçli, macc ismuntn yan udvaë, d yan usaru tn isswan , asaru v ungal igat awrik mqquën « Taryalt » lli yumçn ifalan n timsar ar tn ilddi, ar tn issalwa. Mk ann d uzmz n ungal, ur yumç tavarast s ittussan v ungal aklasiki v ad ittmun uzmz d tmsar ar tigira, azmz v ungal « ijjign n tidi » ar ifttu s ndi iwrrid s vil -ad s yan umussu issgrwaln tamyurt lli s imyar imvëi ungal aklasiki.
Azrf akucam:
Issffav t id abdllah Sbri asgåas n 2009 ig zg tçëigin n Tmaynut, s säis n imirn, ittyar s uskkil alatin, d uskkil n tfinav, issnti s usmnid n usalmad Usus.
Azwl n ungal “ Azrf akucam” ar av yakka yan udm f umnru lli f ar ttsutlnt tmsar n ungal; issnti ungal s:“ Ifssi n tmazirt rçant ibuläuçurn, ar tdrdurn..lmxzn yiwi d abrid n lguärun s tmazirt” tsna 7. Ma y ad rad isgrawl tamazirt, bäun middn, ku yan mad nn gis içëa. Mupa lli igan yan ufgan stt yiwin v twuri nns, ikcm d ubrid n lguäëun s igr nns, rad as ssukfn tayniwt lli as d fln lajdud nns, tayniwt da yusin tawja nns. Imrara fllas s tvssa nns d iman nns, macc ssukfn tt sul. ur dars tgi tayniwt vas talli as yakkan mad ictta, tga dars asduggm n tmagit nns, n tudrt nns, d amzruy nns, ar sis isawal Mupa lliv tt säën, iäë dis , zund iv ar isawal s ufgan ilan anlli nns: “.. mnck n tarwa ad turut, tusit takatin, tssmvurt irgazn d tutmin, fkan km imkkusa i wiyaä ..tgit aæ ingi nnsn tasuts tayyaä. Tktit azwu d ijawwand tmjiwwin lli ikkan tamazirt, awd yan gisn ur izäaë ad km ismass..” tasna 19.Tigira awin Mupa s Rbaï, nvin t sul v uvzu, mklli nvan amddakæl nns n ubniq Idir arifi.
Ungal ad n Sbri iggr nn i tmagit, iggr nn i izrfan n ufgan, Mupa igllin ar ka isiggil s izrfan nns siv as gan aåri, ar isawl ufgan f isnfaln lli d izzan s wamun amaziv isgrawl tudrt yawi dis tmagit , awd amvar n tmazirt tnvuba as tmuvra lli adlli ibiddn f inflas.
Igäaä n wihran (2009):
Issfav t id uslmad “Lpusayn Buyaoqubi”, iga yan wanaw n ungaln da nn iggrn i usntl n uzwag d tmukrisin nns v mazirt n franãa. Awrik iga yan unlmad izugn s fransa ad ismd tivri nns, lliv d yavul s tmazirt nns ad s tt inn ikk, yafi d tamukrist n tmagit, tamdint lliv d illul ar tsawal s yan ils yaänin ur igin win nns lli adlli gis ifl.
Awrik mqquën “ Idir” iga asæti n ungal xf ad tsutulnt tmsar. Timsar v ungal ar zzigznt v yan uäëf azmzan yuggän, s yat tatiknikt ismunn gr allas d umsawal (dialogue), macc azmz ad n ungal ar t irçça umara s tattiknikt n flac bak.
d yat tattiknikt ar tt issmras umara v ungal ad nns tzdi d wallas, ar gis yakka umara i iwrikn ad sawaln f ixfawn nnsn.
Rad ig ungal “ Igäaä n wihran” ungal amzwaru lli rad içli s uzwag v tskla tamazivt v Sus.
G tgira, rad nin : Mqqaë tdrus tizi da yut ungal amaziv v ubrid ns lli ur igin yat v umddur n mad t irwasn v tskliwin timaälanin, izäaë ad ibidd f iäaëën ns, iskr içuëan ns, iml ixf ns is ur t napya d ungal v tskliwin yaän lli av izwarn v wanaw ad n tskla.


text:
Tutlayt Taɛṛabt
Taɛṛabt nɣ Tasrɣint (s terabt : الْعَرَبيّة, al earabiyya nɣd عَرَبيْ, earabī, s tamaziɣt n zikk : Tasrɣint[1][2]) tga tutlayt nna s sawaln ierabn, tga yat tutlayt tifrusyawit. Tkka-d taerabt tutlayin tisamiyin zun d ukan Taeibrit nɣ Tafiniqt n zik, nttat ad igan tamzwarut gisnt ɣ wuṭṭun n imssiwln, Ar ttinin mas-d illa ḥaqqan gr 315 mlyun d 375 mlyun n middn.
Tucka-d tutlayt Taɛṛabt zɣ Tazunegzirt taɛṛabt. Ɣ tasut tiss 7 tga-d Taɛṛabt tutlayt n lqquran ( Awal n rbbi ) n Lislam .
Tga Taeṛabt tutlayt tamaddudt ɣ 27 n tmizar tg ula tutlayt taɣlnawt ɣ Mali, Sinigal, d Sumal. Tutlayt taeṛabt tettyura s ugmmay aerab, tirra nns gi-s 28 iskkiln iyttyaran zɣ ufasi s uzlmaḍ. Tṭṭf kigan n tntalyin, mqqar d-kant tantaliyin ad tutlayt taeṛabt ur ar bahra ttmyarmasn imslɛṛabn ingratsn, amdya : taeṛabt alubnani ur iẓḍar ay-rms taeṛabt tamrrukit.
Nẓḍaṛ ad nbḍu gr sin n timdyazin : tamdyazt n dat lislam, tamdyazt n dffir lislam, qqarn-as s teṛabt "tajahilit".
Tutlayt tunṣibt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Taɛrabt tafuṣḥit tga tutlayt tunṣibt ɣ 25 tmizar, aya ad-tt yujjan ad tg tutlayt tiss kraḍt dffir tafransist d tanglizt
- Tmizar n iɛrabn : Saɛudya, Baḥrayn, Juzur n Lqumur, Djibuti, Timizar iɛrabn imunn, ɛiraq, Urdun, Kuwit, Lubnan, Ɛuman, Filiṣṭin, Qatar, Somalya, Sudan, Surya, Lyaman ;
- Tmizar n tfriqt n ugafa : Dzayr, Miṣra, Lmɣrib, Muritanya, Tuns, Libya ;
- Tmizar yaḍn zun d Irytri, Tcad ;
Tutlayt tunṣibt n tmazirt n Malṭa, tutlayt tamalṭit, tga yat zɣ tantliwin n tutlayt taɛrabt.
Amzruy[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Taɛrabt tga tutlayt tasamit. Urtettuysawal Taɛrabt tafusḥit ɣ wass-ad walaynni llan sul ilsawn n taɛrabt ɣ timizar n agmud anammas n tafriqt n ugafa.
Isaɣuln[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- ↑ https://www.academia.edu/1702492/%C3%89tudes_sur_le_Kit%C3%A2b_al_Barbariya_manuscrit_dun_texte_ibadite_m%C3%A9di%C3%A9val_
- ↑ https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/28665841