text:
Tamɣra
Tamɣra tga yat tafugla nna d skarn middn fad ad slkmn i wiyyaḍ mas sin id ufgan afrux d tafruxt nɣ argaz d tmɣarn munn d ingratsn d is tahln
Tga tmeɣra asatur lli izdin nger snat tferkiwin ɣ tudert n ufgan. tamezwarut illa gis yan d ayeddars ur fellas tella kraygat tamasayt, iɣ izeri s tiss snat tferkiwin ar fellas ttili tmasayt ad isker tawja nes lli sers iẓelin.
Iɣ nessen mas-dd kraygat afgan dars taɣarast nes lli sa izzeray tamɣra, afgan amaziɣ ula nettan dars mennawt tmyurin ar tent iskar ɣ ussan n tmeɣra.
Iɣ nera ad-nn nagg s tmeyurin ad, ira-dd nasi s umdeya « Tamɣra ɣ Ict » yan uḍewwar ɣ iḍuran n iffus n Lmɣrib lli sul yumeẓn tawessna tamaziɣt ɣ iẓuan.
Ira-d nebder tiferkiwin lli sa tezray tmeɣra ɣ Ict zɣ iɣ tessenti ar iɣ teheyya.
Assiggel[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iɣ ilkem ufrux tizi maɣ iskar tamɣart ar dids ttejmmaɛen ayeddars mas-t-id iqan ad-nn isiggel. ar-d ttemcackan ilemma f tafruxt lli ra-nn ssiggeln, ɣ tugett tameɣart ad istayn i yiwis tafruxt lli tera acku nettat ad issen istis n tmazirt uggar n irgazen.
Ar teddan ayeddars n uɛezri s dar midden lli stin ad-nn darsen siggiln ssutern asen tafruxt i yiwitsen. iɣ ur-ta asen-d ruren hann ar-d tturrin s tgemmi ar-d ten-id ilkem urur nsen. Iɣ asen ruren f useqsi nesen ɣ akud ann nit hann ar ttebbin ajmuɛ f wass n tzgawt.
ɣ ussiggel drus ma-dd ittawin ineɣmisen ɣ ayt tmazirt is illa acku ar ittuwhdi. ar kiɣ ssenn midden is tella tzgawet
Tazgawt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iɣ ilkem wass lli f-d mcuckan idulan, ar ttawin ayt uɛzeri i ayt tfruxt tazgawt ɣ llanet mennawt tɣawesiwin: snat tyyigiwin n idukan, lḥenna, tamleḥaft, adɣar, tifyyi ɣ uferaw, snat telbettatin n zzit, sin leqwalib n ssekkar...mayad illa zikk ɣil-ad ar-nn akkan gigan n tɣawsiwin lli sul ur tusi tzgawt ɣ llan ihdumen itraren, urẓiyen... yili mad-nn yakkan idrimen ɣ umeras n tɣawsiwin ad.
Ar sebrraken ayddares n uɛzeri s iḍulan nsen s tgella n usengar ɣ mayad izerin ɣil ad is asen akk sekaren tiremt.
Iɣ zerin mennaw ussan ar-d swwirrayen ayddares n ufrux tazgawt i ayt tfruxt ar-d gis ittili : tiluza, tiglay newanin, ṭajin inewan. yili ɣil-ad mad yaqeran i midden n tmazirt ad dares cin iɣ as-d twirri tzgawt.
Ukan iɣ-d nucka ad nzer tazgawt ad mad tga ar-tt-inn nettafa is tga abrih n usigel, acku ar-d ttawin ayt tmazirt ineɣmisen mas illa usiggel.
Ifif[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iɣ agren krad ussan i tmeɣra ad tessenti ar attan ayt isli ula ayt tslit tumẓin d irreden ɣusnin fadd ad asen-ten-id ẓḍin ɣ izergan nsen fadd ilemma ad yafuf. ar daɣ ttawsen i bab n tmeɣra ad-d yagwem aman izdem-d.
Mayad ar aɣ immala tamunt d twisi nger ayt tmazirt ɣ tmukrisin nsen.
Mac ɣil-ad lli ɣa nezzant tɣawsiwin ur sul seɣawsan midden s mad skaren tafreka ad ura sul ttuwskir.
Izid[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ar-nn ttmunnt tmɣarin tazedwit dar ayt tslit ar segudiyent ṭumẓin lli-d didsnet ttawint, gint tarragt i tslit, salant ilemma ar ẓẓadent tujjut lli ra-d-nn yili ɣ lqimet (atig). ɣ yat tizi ar-d ttackanet kra n tmɣarin zɣ tigemmi n ayt isli fadd ad-d zenizwint agudi lli n ṭmẓin, fadd ad xayrant isett tslit ula nettenti ad ddunt ad-nn rwint tin ayt isli ɣ tgemmi nsen.
Zzennan[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tazdwit ann nit iɣ salant tmɣarin iẓiḍ, irgazen ar qerusn i tixsi lli rad cin midden ɣ tmɣera. ar skaren ilemma zzennan ar aqeran i mennaw midden ɣ tmazirt s dar wazdwit neɣ imensi fadd ad-t cin. ukan ẓerin nit willi rad yawes azekka ad fkin i midden ad cin.
Dar ayt isli ar ittili zzennan tazdwit n wass lli-ɣa cettan midden dar ayt tslit.
Ass n tmɣra[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ass ad ar cettan midden dar ayt tslit. ar-nn ttizwiren ttelba, zikk iɣ-d tugga tafukt, ar aqeran ttefriq (leqran) ad ssufɣen sselukt, cin tiremt ffuɣn. fadd ilemma ad-nn kecimn irgazen lli-nn yagurn.
Tazdwit tga tin tmɣarin lli cettanin ar kiɣ ḍernt tillas. tizi ad nit lli ɣa cettant tmɣarin ar-nn ttackant tmɣarin yaḍnin zɣ tigemmi n ayt isli mmiqirent d tilli ɣin illan ad skernt icumac.
Icumac[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tizi iɣ-d uckant isett icumac ar-d ttawint tazgawt lli ɣa ittili : talfeṭṭert n lḥenna, tara, tawserɣint, zzeAferan, ttswik, ṭimctt, lemri, lbexur. iɣ-nn lkemnt ar cettant ibriyen.
Ar ttgiwirnt skernt ahwac n icumac s tallɣatin n umarg. iɣ kkanent imikk ar-d tteffuɣent snat gisent yat tga zɣ tawja n isli tayyaḍ zɣ tin tslit ar tthucent ɣ tuzzumt n tmɣarin ad ukan kkint kra ar netternt s ufus afasi s ufella ad zerent manta rad yattuy f xta-nn yaḍen.
Iɣ-d nitti s iwaliwen n tallɣat lli ttinint ar neẓrra mas-dd amarg ur injim i ikenasen lli llanin nger iḍuran n sus lli bḍanin f snat trubba mequrnin tagizult d tahggat. mayad afa-nn nettafa isett Ict ar ttalɣent inemɣuren n tgizult ( ubrahim, Id buɛecra, utmanart…) acku Ict ula nettan iga ɣ tgizult.
Talleɣat tga ɣik ad :
- bismi nekcemd asarag umlil ad s lxir
- ayan gis ur illin iga ḥ leɛdu lli-dd cerriḥ
- ubrahim a ras lɛin iḥ-d akk injamaɛ
- ar itteluḥ lbujat n waman kuyan dreɛnt
- Id buɛecra timuzunin kullu granin
- iIlint lmerjan lḥurr ar itteɛjjab kuyan
- alɣamt iwati utmanart lli igan
- Ifrig i ddunit ur iḥul ura ttedullun
- cix a sidi ḥmad umusa asserk indeh yan
- meqar ddan ar dar irumiyen irin add wirrin
- aqecab llbaruḍ att iles walli igan
- ula aḥayk afilal ikcem yiwen nit i lqber
- tilila taglayt yaruden tili ḥ maleqqa
- tili ḥi ifassen ar tsufu ɣmk-ann uwḍinar
- a cix a sidi ḥmad u muḥmmad
- aygan lqaḍi nayt lɛilem
- a cix a sidi ḥmad u muḥmmad
- ad aḥ -d isahel rebbi rriḥ n umarg
Iɣ heyyant icumac ar tteggant tmɣarin aɣrum ɣ tzegawt rarnt-stt s tgemmi n ayt isli. ɣ yiḍ n wass ann iɣ illa uḥwac n irgazen dar ayt tslit, ar skarent tmɣarin lḥenna n twenza lliɣ ann ttemiqirent tutmin dar tslit aḍernt lḥenna ar-t tteggant i twenziwin nsent. iɣ heyyant sseneggefent tislit.
Wiss sin ussan[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ar ttili ɣ ass-ann tiremt dar ayt isli, zund ɣik lli s can dar ayt tslit
Azeggir[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tazdwit iɣa cettant tmɣarin, ar-nn ttmunan irgazen dar ayt tslit fadd ad zzegern tislit. ar ittegiwir unezzarfu (lɛadel) lli ra-d yara akaras (lkiɣḍ n nnikaḥ) yili ɣ tama nes amezza (lukil) n isli d win tslit. fadd ad ẓrin atig (leqimt) lli rad fekin ayddars n tslit i illitsen ad-stt tawi s tgemmi nes ar ẓerran tiɣawsiwin lli gis llanin yat s yat kuyat gin as atig nes fadd ilemma ad tnet izemmim unezzarfu ɣ yat tifert lli ittemunan d ukaras. tiɣawsiwin ad ar gis ttilint tujjutin, aman jjanin, ihdumen, idukan, iqcucen…
Iɣ iheyya uzeggir ar ttasin ayt isli atig fadd ad-t awin s uḥanu n tslit ɣ tgemmi nes tamaynut.
Rrwaḥ[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Zɣ iɣ tessenti tmeɣra ar teḥḍḍu tslit ɣ tgemmi ur att zerrant amer tmɣarin lli rad as iḥiyyel. ɣ tsga yann yaḍnin isli ula nettan iqant-id add bahra ur itteffuɣ, ar istay mennaw imeddukkal nes ad as gin islan.
Iɣ radd truḥ tslit, ar tteddunt tmɣarin zɣ dar ayt isli add-stt-id awint ɣ tgemmi n babas s tgemmi n isli, ar didsent ttawint : ssekkar, lḥenna, aḥayk, liẓar, aɛbruq, idukan.
Iɣ-nn lkemnt ar-d ttasint aḥayk kuyat tamẓ tama nes ar sres tessenggaf, iɣ kkant imikk ddunt mennawt gisnt awin-dd tislit ssekcemn-t-st s ddu uḥayk sslesent as gis aAmam (RRezza) lli ɣa ittili uɛbruq d leḥbaq, ukan iɣ heyyant imurig n tneggift ar ssutulent aḥayk fadd ad-st-id ssufɣent ad-stt awint s tgemmi lli-ɣ illa isli :
Taneggift[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- abesmi llah uSalli ɛala nnabi rasul llah
- ayarcac n tagut add ig rebbi anẓar
- ayyut tiḥuḍigin ṭumẓin attent igan
- gma ḥenna new ayyid iɣran inna
- riḥ ayyi tbiddemt ayisettema
- aberraḥ s uberraḥ mamu ciḥ
- tamɣra nes ad cin t-iyelli
- a ṭṭelba d inagan as am ibesi
- babam tawenza nem ayelli
- ar helli tteRebbuḥ ayyis leḥurr
- ayelliḥ-d ibidd umessaɣ awint
- aylli maḥ tegit tisura
- tisura n babam ur tent usiḥ
- ḥurma nnun ayiḍulan neḥ
- gat lejwad imen ang wiyyaḍ
- mas uwnir awyam-dd anir
- att neklu s leḥrir d wurɣ
- aha yan gma merḥba sres
- niw-id yat tslit zund ayyur
- igan ḥ igenna sin d mraw
- Sifd amt aḥ yaggug uɣaras
- Iḥ yaggug tensimt dar-neḥ
- nefl-nn nit tarwa meẓẓiynin
- Ira neSrf ma-tten-id ittawin
- Llan kullu ḥ lebruj Alanin
- gan kullu tarwa iymɣaren
- aymminu cawri-d gma
- lli mequren mas-d nnan
- ad dduḥ neḥ-dd ad ur dduḥ
- att ddut as am-d nnan
- att ddut a tibniɛezzit
- att ddut aym iṭṭeɛrd lexir
- iqen babam aɛmam
- wi llejdid a tislit
- Leḥurma n rebbi aḥ tellit
- Iwallen uwgdud a tislit
Iɣ rad teffuɣ tslit ɣ tgemmi n babas ar zwar akkan ayt isli, i gmas iqariḍen fadd ad asen irẓem taggurt.
Ɣ dar isli, ar tqelen islan s tmɣarin acku nettni ar ad asen-dd irẓem, isli nettan uhu iqant-id ad-nn iḥbu ad-t ur ẓerint tmɣarin ula isawl sresnet, iɣ-nn usinet tislit. ar-tt-in srusent ɣ tɣmert fadd ad-d ffaɣent ura-nn ittagur amer tasuqiyt lli-nn teSRuf mas n tslit ad tesewwuri i illis unck lli tkka ɣ tgemmi n rrewah.
Zikk n wass, ar tteffuɣn islan munn d isli add ḥuwwsen ɣ igran ɣ tizi ad nit ar-nn kecement id mmu tgella lli-d disent ittawin mennawt tɣawsiwin zund ssekkar, atay, aman jjanin, lebxur d tgella lli rad ɣin cint.
Iɣ-d kecemn islan d isli ar tefḍarn s ṭṭajin lli asen-d tessifiḍ mas n tslit.
Azal kullut ar-d ttackan iferxan d tferxin ad-d kkin dar isli d tslit ad asen-d fkin iraman lli ɣa ittili : kawkaw, tifizza, lfanid, tilkiksin, ikiker (leḥimz)
Tazdwit n wass ann nit ar-nn ttemunent id mmu tkelma dar tslit kkisent as aɛmam fadd ad as sselsint takelma : lli igan zund aqelmun n ṭaḍutt ar -t lessant i yixef assenett s umelul (ifili n ṭaḍutt). selsent as ddewwaḥ, ixersan, timḥidit, tareddaḥt, lemcbuḥ… fadd ad ttirirnet taneggift n tkelma.
Takelma[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- bismi llah radd neluḥ tigurin
- ɣemanin jjanin s rriḥan
- illi ḥa isuddum lefdam aman
- rebbiḥ azzar nes i illi
- taẓerẓit lli sa terzzi lalla ult
- muḥmed as am nit reẓiḥ
- ayemmi cuddu-yy-inn takelma new
- azekka icuddu yyit ufus inew
- uSSamet iyelli a timneggfin
- s ujmuɛ n tswak tiddi uwzur
- aḥanu ayelli yuger taɣzut
- issusɛat rebbi d wallit ibenan
- ma ḥa ttaglen sa ṭṭelba tillewaḥ
- ma ḥa ttagl yat trbit leḥrir
- yan am innan ɣli-d dari
- tinit as ɣli-d kyyin dari
- aha izeɣi nem izuzwa nit
- a ha lḥenna iɣman dari
- a ha tesswik leḥurr dari
- ayelli new ad am ur ttinint
- amr kraṭ trbAiyin uwggren
- ayelli new ad am ur ttinint
- Iḥ-d yad nezdem tawit iɣil
- ayelli new ad am ur ttinint
- Iḥ-d yad nugem tawit aman
- ayelli new iḥ am yad inna
- qen-d immi tennit as
- Immik at-teg immi
- ḥurma nnunt atadJarin
- mamu-nn faleḥ illi gratunt
- tefulki illi trced illi
- nekkni ur-ta nssin mat-tgillim
- iḥ ur turu taru tfunast
- yili usetta ḥ uɣgemmi
- yili unẓar nedun ikecuden
Iɣ ḍerent tillas n wass ann ar itteddu isli d islan nes fadd ad issudem ixef n tḍeggalt nes (mas n tslit) ar as ittawi mennaw lqewalb n ssekkar ar as-d takka tafullust. ɣil ad ar as-d akkan izimmer
Tarezzift[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iɣ zerin kraḍ ussan f tmeɣra ar zzerzafn ayddares n tslit illi tsen. ar-d dar sen ttacka s tgemmi tazdwit nettat d tmɣarin lli mu ɣran ayddares. fadd ad cint wazdwit ḥucent.
Ammal uwɣaras[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iɣ izri imalas f tmeɣra ar-d daɣ aqeran ayddars n tslit i yilli tsen ann daɣ darsen tekk zund iɣ as mmalan aɣaras lli illan nger tgemmi n urgaz nes d tin ayeddares.
Iɣbula[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Asit n tosna n orsinkh fad adisinkh yura tt mass Amazigh Ighoda : https://sites.google.com/site/tosnanorsinkhfadadisinkh/tosna-tamazight/tamghra-n-imazighen


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I lmend n tmeɣra n useggas amaynut-nsen „Newroz“, mlalen 30000 Ikurdiyen/Tikurdiyin di Frankfurt am Main (Lalman) ass n 18.03.2017.
Frankfurt am Main tella trekkem s Ikurdyien, tettecruruq s wanayen ikurdiyen yettrefrifen dinna. Zzhir n ccna-nsen yekcem ula ɣer yexxamen. „Tilelli i weɣref akudi„ i ttsuɣun.
Tamsulta (police) tenna i yad yessudsen tikli, ur yessefk ara ad ẓren deg iberdan tiwlafin n Abdullah Öcalan neɣ anayen n ukabar „PKK“. Ma d Ikurdiyen i d-yewsan ɣer Frankfurt si yal tiqernit n tmurt n Lalman llan ur cliɛen ara deg wayen tenna temsulta.
Wwten-d daɣen s leqseḥ di tsertit n uselway n tmurt n Turk Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Ma d Erdogan netta yeɣli-d s rregmat ɣef udabu Alman. Yenna, acuɣer yeǧǧa Ikurdiyen ddan deg iberdan n Lalman, s tewlafin n Abdullah Öcalan. Ladɣa Erdogan yal ass d netta d rregmat di Angela Merkel, yenna Tameṭṭut-a d tanazit. Argaz-a am akken ur «yeẓri» ara d acu i d inaziyen yesserɣen uwdayen, yenɣan imelyan n yemdanen (di lgirra n 1939-1945).
Ikurdiyen sseknen-d i Walmanen, zemren ad ddun ɣef izerfan-nsen, mgal yad isersen azaglu fell-asen, war tiɣenddef, war amcaqlal akkd temsulta talmant.
Taggara n wass yal akurdi, (yal takurdit) yekcem s axxam-is s unecreḥ n wul.

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text:
Les néologismes usités lors des émissions Radiophoniques de la chaine Radio Tizi Ouzou
Date2016
Author
MELLIKECHE, Souhila
NAIT SLIMANI, Fetta
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
Tutlayt n tmaziɣt tella seg zman aqdim am nettat am tutlayin niḍen, maca tesɛa lexsas dayen I ttyeǧan ad snulfu awalen ijdiden ayen muqaren “tasnulfawt” iwakken ad begen amkan-is ger tiyaḍ. Deg useggas n 40 id yebda usnulfu n wawalen, ar assa n wussan mazal ttuɣalen ɣer-s abaɛda ineɣmasen iwakken ad siwḍen tamusni-nsen. Deg uxeddim neɣ nekks-d semmus n yeɣmisen s teqbaylit si rradyu tizi wezzu nenuda-d ad nẓer amek ixedmen awalen ama di maynuten ama di marḍilen Neskeles 06 n tedwilin si Rradyu n tizi wezzu : - iferzizwi - aɣmis n 18h00 - aɣmis n 13h00 - tujya - imaziɣen n wassa - addal Nuraten nenuda ad nẓer amek ssexdamen awalen ama di maynuten ama di maḍilen, syin akin nebḍa andi naɣ ɣer kraḍ (03) yeḥricen: aḥric amenzu Yiwwid ɣef tbadutin n wawalen igejdanen inesexdem yakan, akken diɣen nheḍre-d sumata ɣef radyu n tizi wezzu. aḥric wissin Nesfugal tiṭ ɣef wawalen imaynuten i sexdamen imeɣnasen di rradyu n tizi wezzu deg yiḍrisen nsen. Llan kra deg umawal iten-id ugmen llan wid d nutni i ten-id isnulfan ama susilaɣ ama d ussuddes 1- Asilaɣ Yettiili-d s tmerna n yiweṣilen I umyag aswaɣ, attwaɣ, amyaɣ. Imedyaten: fti sefti. idir ttidir. fhem msefhamen 2- Assudes a- assudes susenṭeḍ (composition proprement dit) dasdukel n sin n wawalen mebla tanzaɣt neɣ ajerrid n tuqna amedya : agraɣlan ( international) ger (entre) + aɣlan ( pays ) b- assudes s usdukel (composition synaptique) dasdukel n sin n wawalen s tenzeɣt amedya : axxam n yedles S yin akkin nexdem tasleḍt i wawalen imarḍilen di snat n tutlayin (taɛrabt, tafransist). a-tutlayt taɛrabt : suq السوق lxir الخیر ddula الدولة b-tutlayt tafransist : lbuṭ le vote lakul l’école srabes services aḥric wis kraḍ Niwwi-d deg-s ɣef tseddast d usekcem I ssekcamen ineɣmassen awalen n tmaziɣt di lqaleb n tutlayin niḍen ama ar taɛrabt ama ar tefransist, aya-agi ad yuɣal ar tsuqilt xedmen ineɣmasen awal s wawal akken ssenfaliyen ayen ur tezmir ad ssenfali neɣ ad t-id-ini Amedya : timura n lbarani -axxam n yedles. -aḥric n lemɛawna. ixef wis ukuz D tasleḍt n yisteqsiyen i nefreq ɣef ineɣmasen n Rradyu n tizi wezzu, neḥseb-d acḥal id yerran ɣef yisteqsiyen nneɣ, acu i d tiririt nsen ɣef yesteqsiyen-agi.


text:
Yenna Muḥemmed Benceɛbun, awzir n ttmenyat d usxinctar ass-a n letnin 28 Cutenbir. Belli Lmuɣrib ad iḥrez 1.5 Melyar n Dderhem (150 Melyar santim) maḥend ad ggen istayen i usegg°as i d-igguren. Mani yeggur ad sarrfen 8.5 Melyar dderhem i yiwdan min ɣer llant manḍa. Ɛawed ad wcen 1.6 Melyar n dderhem i temnaḍin. Benceɛbun, inna belli iggur ad temmerni ca n 13.6 melyar dderhem x lebda.
Ittas-d manaya, mani Lmuɣrib irezzu ad igg ca n tseyyast n ẓeyyar x usufeɣ n ttmenyat. Alaḥsab tiyyita ig icca usxinctar ameɣrabi deg usegg°as-a i di yeẓra lehlak n Kuruna.


text:
Tamimunt, ijj n wass, truḥ ɣer lexla a dd-tawi tazart, tufa din ijj umucc d ameẓẓyan yettru meskin yesbissim, izzillez-as (izzidjez-as) Teṭṭef tegga-t deg uḥsi-nnes, teksi-t-idd ; amcic-nni iɛjeb-as lḥal, yeẓẓɣel, issummet tidmarin n Tmimunt, ula d nettat iɛjeb-as lḥal. Yelluẓ yettɣil-as Tamimunt d yemma-s yedmummeg yebda itteṭṭeḍ, tejja-t. ittɣil-as i Tmimunt amenni i dd-yusa ad tegg. Iẓra-tt-idd ijj umeksa, iggur, izerreɛ, iceṭṭeḥ, qbel i ɣa tedden leɛca.
Yekker uberreḥ di ddcar : « A jjmaɛet, asem-dd ad teẓrem min ɛemmers wer teẓrim, Taseɛdit teṭṭef-dd amcic tessuṭṭuḍ-it ».
Tuffut n tiwecca-nnes, wer dd-tuliy tfuyt, bdan ttmunen-dd x-as yergazen, kessin-as tiwessaf i wezreg-nnes (azzay-nnes) ttbergagen x-as. Tefreḥ Tmimunt umi i ten-dd-teẓra, ittɣil-as usin-dd ad ẓren amucc n lexla, teɛreḍ-iten ula ɣer lqehwa.
Aḍbib, butebratin, buyselman, buweɣrum, lemqeddem, ccix, lqayed… jjin merra ccɣel-nsen, mmernyen-dd imesselmaden d lmudir, jjin sekwilat xxwant, iccat deg-sent usemmiḍ ; ula d lefqi n temzida, zeɛma netta ittẓalla yessen yuffu-dd d aḍemmaɛ yerjef jer-asen.
Tettwassen ɣer imezwura : amcic yufa aceffay, jjmaɛet tufa sini (cinéma), Tamimunt ɣer-s Rebbi.
Timɣarin nxelɛent, stuɛjubent deg irgazen-nni s tehrawin, ttɣilent tewqeɣ girra, uzzlent-idd awern-asen, umi i dd-uwḍent ufint ziɣenta d amcic min xef i qidden waha, hwan-dd x-as s iɛekkazen-nsen issenhez tanewwart-nnes tawala tameggarut yemmut.
Safi kemmlen imedyazen, njemɛen ijertal, kul ijjen yedwel ɣer ccɣel-nnes.
Tesgura Tmimunt s uxeyyeq, di taddart tettru weḥḥed-s, man wa i tt-ɣa-ixsen ? man wa i umi ɣa teṭṭef deg ufus ? teḥḍer umi i tt-sgujlen, teḥḍer yemmut ccwarti-nnes, wer dd-tewwiḍ tiwecca-nnes ar mi ttuɣa tamrirt tegga ccɣel-nnes.
Iwqeɛ uberreḥ zi jjdid : « A jjmaɛet asem-dd a nmeḍlet (nenḍeret) Tamimunt, a tt-nerni ɣer umucc-nnes ».
D l’adaptation n Khalid BOUYAALA i uɣennij n OULAHLOU « Taseɛdit ».
Ɣer ɛawed: Tanfust uḥuli d yifis


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Tamslayt-a tus-d mɣar awarni drus n iseggusa wami i d-yusa Lmexzen ad issekmeḍ Arrif, jar Kṭuber n 1958 ar Yennayer n 1959. Awarn-as s tlata n issegusa (1962), ṭṭfen 14 n iwdan di Nnaḍur, akid-sen ijj n Usuri.
Weyyen-ten ɣar Lmeḥkama minzi beddlen ddin-nnsen zi tmeslemt ɣar Tabaha’it (bahaïsme), Ijjen ddin d jjdid i d-yeḍhren deg Iran asegg°as n 1863 x ufus n ijjen utarras qqaren-as Baha’ llah. Ddin-a amaynu ineɛɛmen s marra tideyyanin (les religions) nniḍen, maca ra d ijjen n ddin ma ineɛɛem s Tbaha’it-a zeɛma belli aqqa-t i yixef-nnes.
Imussnawen n imselmen qqaren belli inni i d-issufɣen Tabah’it nḥesseb-iten zi min illan d « lbidɛa », zeɛma war yelli ca d amslem nican.
Ijjen lwacun d Ayrani yus-d ad izdeɣ di Tiṭṭawin di beddu n iseggusa n xemsin zi lqern i yeɛdun, d yenni i yejjin ca n iwdan ad adfen di Tbaha’it. Ijjen uḥudri zzag-sen yus-d ɣer Nnaḍur yerẓem ca n umsawaḍ aked Iḥudriyen di lweqt-nni.
Mayen yejjin ca zzag-sen ad adfen di Tbaha’it (zzag-sen ijjen Ubulisi, ijjen uselmad…) Awern-as ad ttwaṭṭfen ca n telṭac n Ubaha’i di Nnaḍur, akid-sen ijjen Usuri, ad ten-awyen ɣer Lmeḥkama deg Abril n 1962.
Ḥasan wis tnayen iḥkem qbel ma ad teḥkem lmeḥkama
Deg uɛecci-nni lami i xsen ad ḥakmen Irifiyen-nni ibeddlen ddin-nsen ɣar Tbaha’it. Iffeɣ-d Ḥasan wis tnayen deg ijj n ugraw d aɣemsan inna day-s : « zemmaren Irumeyyen d Udayn ad ggen ddin-nnsen danita s tlelli […] maca manaya war ixes ca ad yini belli Lmuɣrib tiwecca […] ad yeqbel Tabah’it niɣ min ɣa iqqnen ɣar lbidaɛ » s manaya iban-d belli Irifiyen-nni iwca day-sen fus Ḥasan wis tnayen s rray-nnes, qbel la ma ad d-ɛdan x lmeḥkama.
Deg wass n lmḥekama, nann-asen belli nitni ttḥadan ddin n tmeslemt. Mamec xsen ad x-as qḍan, qqnen-ten ɣar Izrayil, minzi ammas n Tbaha’it aqqa-t di temdint n Ḥayfa mani llan aṭṭas n wudayen Irifiyen luxa. Maca min ttun belli ameqqran n Tabah’it « baha’eddin », tuɣa issers ddsas-nnes deg wammas n temdint n Ḥayfa, qbel ma ad tettwagg Izrayil s xemsin n issegg°asen.
Jjurnalat n dduniyt ḍeffaren s taynit mayen ittemsaren di Nnaḍur
Deg umeggaru teḥkem lmeḥkama s tikkest n buḥbel n 3 n Irifiyen, xemsa zzay-sen ad sseɛdan tudert-nnsen amen tekmel di leḥbs. Ijjen zzay-sen ad isseɛda xemzṭac n issegg°asen, ḍelqen i xemsa zzay-sen.
Aɣemmis Afransis le Monde inna min yemsaren i Yrifiyen-nni di Nnaḍur irwes di tallest-nni i di ddren Irumiyen wami tuɣa teṭɣa x-asen lkanisa takatulikt. Deg ijjen artikel-nniḍen tessiwel x-as tasɣunt n « terre Retrouvée » tenna day-s ula d nettat : « Neccin war nelli ca danita di Spanya takatulikt n lqarn n xemẓṭac, maca aqqa-aneɣ di tgeldit tamslemt n Lmerruk n lqarn n ɛicrin».
D manaya i niwḍ ad nejmeɛ x tɣawsa-ya tameqqrant di yeddar Arrif di Abril n 1962. Maca tettɣima manaya drus wi x-as issawalen, la d tarezzutin ittwaggent deg yeyyar-a udrusent, war zemmarent ad sscnent mani illa umxumbel zeg umezwaru.
S tidet, ɣer umeggaru rxun-asen-d i merra inekraf-nni, dewlen ɣer tudert-nnsen, maca aseqsi n tlelli ɛad isrusa-d ixef-nnes ar luxa.


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Di Brayer tcark (ESA) Tamunt n yijenwan tawruppit aked NASA deg yijjen Umunnuḍ i tfukt qqaren‑as « Solar Orbiter », wer das-yeqqim ca aṭṭas ad yawed, uca yebda ad yessek Tsawer n tfukt zi beɛda. Min deg‑sent di tṣawer-nni, bla zeg-s, tudert di Tmurt wer tettili!
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Axzin n Tmessi i yessarɛiben!
Ttsawer‑a ttwaggent x lagg°aj n 77 Melyun kilumit, ɛemmers ma tiwed ca n Macina ad tegg ttsawer am tina, d manaya i umi ɣa yegg « Solar Orbiter » tizemmar.
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Tiḍuqqiẓin d tḥeryaḍin n tfukt!
Tafukt tettextux, lebda, merra merra ttilin deg-s yiḍuqqiẓen, ca n twalatin d imeẓẓyanen, ca n twalatin meɣren. xmi ttilint ddegg‑a n tḥeryaḍin, tessekka i ujenna d tmurt aṭṭas n cciɛ i yeccurn s ttrisinti d lhend. Mala iwḍen‑dd s waṭṭas, zemmaren a xaf-neɣ raḥenttrisinti, d Arrizu n Telefon.
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Čamma n tmessi taqdimt!
Tafukt-nneɣ tella yujar aṭṭas n Milyar isegg°usa, qbel ɣa yilin yewdan. texleq-dd aked tmura i das‑dd-yennḍen zeg yijjen tsegnut n lgaz 4,6 milyar n yisegg°usa zegg°ami.
Tzemmar ad tsiɣi tettceɛɛer ijjen 5 milyar n yisegg°usa nniḍen ‑ayenni waha ttwalan yimesnawen ad iqedd Enerji i dag-s!
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Amẓiw n Enerji!
D ijjen uɛeqqa yefsi. Daxel d Prissyun, d leḥmu mɣarn ar mani yefsi uhidrujin ak uhilyum, manayenni i dd-ittejjan Enerjy s waṭṭas. Tirettet zi min dag-s tfukt, am xmi tesruqqid wer ssineɣ mecḥal n ṭun n Lefḥem!
- Ad tegg 100 zi Tmurt!
Ssa tettban‑dd d tameẓẓyant. Ca n twalatin yallah anict n rbeyyeɛ deg ujenna. maca tafukt di Tiru-nnes tujar 700.000 km. ittaweḍ deg‑s Leḥmu kter zi 15 melyun degri.
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D ijjt zi Milyar n yetran.
Mindi carken yetran marra ? ‑ Ttceɛɛren. ttceɛɛren minzi dag-sen Enerjy, am tfukt. Tfukt-nneɣ d ijjt zeg yetran waha. tujar ca zeg yetran, maca llan yetran i tt‑yujarn!
- Tarzut deg utextex!
X tmurt‑nnes, tettextux, ca n tmeslayin d ticemlalin ttalyent-id zeg wallaɣ-nnes ɣer berra, dinni i tettesmiḍ cwayt, ittberkin uca ihekk°a ɛawed ɣer wallaɣ-nnes. Tafukt‑nneɣ d wenni d itri waha i iwden yimerzuten ad xzaren min xaf‑s.
- Ibeqqiḍen sserɛiben!
Ca n twalain ittili x tfukt ca n yibeqqiḍen ḥedqen, ttekken x-as ayur niɣ kṭer xenni i ɣa dduryen. Qbel i ɣa yexleq Ɛisa, ḥakaren‑asn yewdan zi tmurt. Galileo Galili yura-ten di 1610. Manis i dd-ttasen? ɛad ttuɣa wer yessin ḥed. Ass-a weznen‑ten ufin iyyar n Lhend-nsen yejhed aṭṭas!
- Tiḥeryaḍin n tfukt ssagg°adent
Xmi tettili tfukt txeddem, tettextux aṭṭas, ttnakkarent tḥeryaḍin n tfukt, din tessufuɣ trisinti i dag‑s. Ca n twalatin izemmar ad yelqef ca n Satellit a t-yareddej, mala yiweḍ tamurt a daneɣ-yessengez Trisinti!
- Xmi ittnewwer ujenna!
Tifawin ittemẓaren deg ujenna n tmura n ugafa (Nord), (Tambabest n tizgelt), ttilint xmi dd-ttasent tareccinin yeccurn s Trisinti zi Tfukt ɣer ujenna i dd-yennḍen i tmurt. Mecḥal n twalatin deg usegg°as i nzemmar a tent‑nẓer ? Ittɣima yeqqen ɣer ṭḥeryadin n tfukt:
Mkur 11 isegg°usa Ttilint tḥeryaḍin n tfukt s waṭṭas, uca tettili akid‑s tembabest n Polar!


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Yura‑t: Ridouan Pakhrou
Lxezrat tajyugrafit d tadimuɣrafit xef Sebta
Sebta d tamdint tusi-d deg uɣezdis n yeẓẓelmeḍ n wafrika, tettsajja xef lebḥar acemlal amelwasu, zzat i tmijja n jbeltir. Tebna xef weẓru am ict n tegzirt d tameqqrant, deg ijen teɣmert zi « tesɣunt n idurar n Arrif » xef tmurt tiweḍ ɣer 19 Km², ddaren dag-s ktar zi 82000 n imezdaɣ, ttemsebḍan jar Imselmen, Imaziɣen, d Irumyyen d cwayt n Wudayen(45% ɣer-sen iẓuran d Imeɣrabiyen).
Tamdint n Sebta waxxa aqqa-tt di tmurt d Tafrikant. Ass-a tedwel d ijen tesga zi tesgiwin n tgeldant Taspanyut, ttuɣa-tt d azyen zi tmurt n Imaziɣen di Lmeɣrib. Zzat ma ad tt-iḥewwes Upurdqiz di lqern n 15.
Tawlaft tiss 1 : araq ajyugrafi n sebta (s uzeggʷaɣ)
Deg usggʷas n 1995, ad isinya aberlaman n Spaniya ḥuma Sebta ad teṭṭef utunumiya-nnes, ɣer-s ijen tutlayt d tunṣibt, i yellan d « tutlayt takastalant ». Sebta niɣ « sewta » mammec das-ttlaɣan imezdaɣ-nnes, ttetwaḥsab d icten zeg wattas n imucan yellan deg fus n uḥewwas Aspanyu. Zzag-s Mritc, d tegzirt n Bades, d Nnkur, d waṭṭas n tegzirin d timeẓẓyanin. Deg igmiren imaḍlanen, Sebta ttetadef di tmurt n « tmunt n Uruppa ». Maca Imeɣrabiyyen ead ttetrajan ad tenqar tfuct n usedwel d uslelli n temdint-a ɣer yella umezruy d Ameɣrabi. Maca melmi? war yessin ḥedd.
Tifawin xef umezruy n sebta
Di lqern wis sebea qbel tlalit n sidna Ɛisa, ssersen ifiniqiyyen aẓru amezwaru n temdint n Sebta. Deg useggʷas n 319 qbel tlalit ad tewḍa temdint-a deg ufus n Karṭaj. Ttuɣa yeṭṭfen aṭṭas d imucan xef tma n wadday zi rebḥar amerwasu. Maca deg useggʷas n 200 qbel tlalit n Ɛisa. Ad tssers Kartaja lesneḥ ad tesgeeeed acenyal acemlal, awareni ma ad kkren imenɣan ibuniqiyen wiss sin (la 2 ème guerre Bunique) jar Kartaja d arruman. Senni ad tekkar tageldit Tamaziɣt Muritanya Taṭanjit, ɣa yesmunen Sebta ag tmurt n tgeldit-a. Arami d aseggʷas n 40 a xaf-s yeḥret uḥewwas Arrumani. Teqqim tettmuttuy jer iḥewwasen n berra, arami d eam n 709 ad tt-adfen yemselmen, ḥuma ad tsmunen kud cwayt aked wandalus ttuɣa ḥekkmen.
Maca rami terreẓ ddewla n l-amawiyyin s ssibbet n imenɣan jer igeldunen, ad tewḍa Sebta deg ufus n tarfiqet n Malaga, zzat ma ad tt-id-tesnufselen « Iburɣwatiyyen » yellan d ict n ddewla Tamaziɣt, temsebḍa aked weeraben n ccarq, awern-as ad ttadef Sebta di tmurt n imrabḍen d lmuwḥḥidin di lqern n 11 d 12.
Aseggʷas n 1415 ad tewḍa Sebta deg ifassen n uḥewwas aburdqiz, maca lami terreẓ purtugal s imenɣan zzag-sen amenɣi n « wadi lmaxazin » aked sseediyyin, Sepanya a ɣer-s dd-ttesmun tammurt n purtugal aseggʷas n 1580. Wami wḍen iealawiyyen ad ḥekmen Lmeɣrib, ssnufslen-dd attas d imucan zeg ufus n uburddqiz, amecnaw Ṭanja, Lmeemura, Leerayc…maca ggaman ad snufslen Sebta, waxxa yssek uzedjid Smaeil leeskar-nnes yeqqimen unuḍenn-as ujar zi 30 isggʷasen arami d eam n 1724. Waxxa d igranziyen yegga cwayt n tzemmar ḥuma ad yeṭṭef Sebta, maca wer yiwiḍ ɣer min yxes, zzay-s teqqim temdint-a ɣer Spanya ar ass-a.
Awaren ma teffeɣ Spanya zi tmurt n Lmuɣrib ttuɣa tḥewwes deg umzwaru n lqern n 20, teqqim teṭṭef Sebta d Mritc d cwayt n tegzirin zag-sent Tura, Bades, Nnkur, d tegzirin iycffaren. Waxxa d Lmeɣrib di tidet, wer yeggi bu tzemmar ḥuma ad ysnufsel timura-ya ixef yeqqar aqa ttwacarent-as, ujar wami ɣar-s amukris n Sseḥra, amukris-a yeqqimen d ijjen wemjar di timjja n Lmeɣrib aṭṭas n isggʷasen wer izemmar ad yini i Spaniya ffeɣ zi tmurt-nneɣ. Waxxa d ikabaren imeɣrabyen war ssidifen tamsrayt-a n Sebta d Mritc di tawuri-nsen. Waxxa d tribizyun wer nttesli yessawal ḥedd xef tɣawsa-ya ḥama yemsar ca n wemxumbel jer tinbaḍin n Lmeɣrib d Spaniya.
Mammec xzzaren imezdaɣ n zelmeḍ (ccamal) ɣer Sebta ?
Tiɣuriwin yeqqnen ɣer uzmmem n imezdaɣ di Sebta, qqarent belli 45% n imezdaɣ-nnes ɣer-sen iẓuran d imeɣrabiyen, mammec yiweḍ aṭṭas zzag-sen ad ṭṭfen imucan s rhimmet-nsen, deg iger n tsebbabt d tademsa, tasertit, tadelsa, pulisiya, d lexdayem nniḍen. Mamec bnan ict tuqqent tulleɣ jar imezdaɣ n Sebta, eawd wexxa d imezdaɣ n yzzelmd n lmeɣrib yudsen Sebta, ɣer-sen ijn wemṣawaḍ d asebḥan aked Sebta, day-s aṭṭas n rfaydet, ujar di min yeqqnen ɣer usbbeb d lexdaym. Aṭṭas d imeɣrabyyen zeg iḥudryyen d ttemɣarin ttadfen kur ass ɣer Sebta ḥuma ad xedmen, niɣ ad ssufɣen timsrayin ad zzenzen, niɣ ad sewwqen ɣer tudrin, ktar min yeqqnen ɣer macca d warruḍ d tmerayin uɣasṭar
Imezdaɣ n kastyixxu d arrinkun, teddaren ag Sebta, di reswaq-nsen tɣaṣtaren ɣer min yellan n Sebta. Maca deg isggʷasn-a inggura wer yeqqim ca wadaf ɣer Sebta d usebbeb mamc tekka zzat, ujar wami yedduqqez lehlac n kuruna. Min yejjin lmeɣrib ad yqqen tawwurt n Sebta, war yeqqim ittadf ɣers ula d yejjen. Deg umaḍal ammen ykmer imezdaɣ n temdinin tinegmirin (villes frontières) teddarent s kuntrabandu, ujar tammurt-a n fnideq d lmdiq wer day-s bu lexdayem, sbra min yeqqnen ɣer trabandu, d cwayt n turist deg unebdu.
Min yeena umxubel jer Spanya d Lmeɣrib ?
Deg ussan-a imeggura, deg wakud mani ttuɣa yewdan n tesga-ya ttetrajan ad ttetwarẓem tewwurt n Sebta, ad dwlent tmesrayin ɣer wemcan-nsent, yekkar ijen wmxarwaḍ jar Lmexzen n Lmeɣrib d Spanya, wami d-yerra Lmeɣrib aneɣmis, n wadaf umeqqran n pulisariyu ɣer Spanya, zzag-s wer das-yeejib rḥar, zzay-s ad yssenta ucarri d umenɣi s wawal di tribizyun jar imeqqranen n tmura-ya.
Deg wakud d ameẓẓyan, ywweḍ ad yadef ɣer Sebta ktar zi 8000 n n yewdan dag-sen iḥudriyyen d ttemɣarin d iḥenjaren imeẓẓyanen, zi tracca n yegmirn jer kastyixxu d Sebta zeg uɣezdis n yennurẓmen xef tma n lebḥer, niɣ udfen s wftaḥ zi lbḥer n kastyixxu. Isppunya twalan deg usurif-a ict tmesrayt yegg-it lmeɣrib s neemmada. Deg ict tamrriwt xef usnewju n Spanya i wmeqqran n pulisariyu « Brahim ɣali » yedjan d ijen weedaw n ucal ameɣrabi.
Manaya marra, ad yejj tanbaḍt n lmeɣrib, ad tssek ict tiyyara ḥuma ad dd-trewweḥ « ssafira » nnes di madrid, mammec tessuyur Spanya ssafira-nnes zi arbat.
Zeg uɣezdis nniḍen, kkren-d attas d imeɣrabiyyen di sucyalmidia ad ttren s usnufsel n tmdint n Sebta d Mritc zeg ufus ispunya, mani fesren yejj ulaɣi, yeqqar anqḍee n tamsɣiwt n leḥwayj d tyafutin (produits) n Spanya.


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Manis d-ittas buḥbel, mamec ittili, d mani ig iggur ? Ma d ameɣlal (zeɛma buḥbel ittɣima i lebda) niɣ buḥbel ittmetta ? Ina d iseqsan min xef bnant tidiyanin d Ifilusufen zi luluf n iseggusa.
Inni ig ixedmen afilm « Soul » xsen la nitni ad ggen fus-nnsen di temxumbelt-a. S ijjen tenfust n ijjen artista n upyanu ixes ad iẓwa ɣer uɣezdis nniḍen, maḥend ad issen s ixef-nnes mani ɣa iraḥ buḥbel-nnes awerni i lmewt-nnes.
Afilm-a n itcalluten issufeɣ-it-id ustudyu n Piksar (Pixar). Iffeɣ-d x wazzareg n « Disney Place » x internet di 25 dujembar 2020 i yeɛdan. Zegga wer ufin mamec ɣa ggen ad t-bḍan x isaluten n sini alaḥsab Covid-19. Awerni ufilm-a ttuɣa din Pete Docter i yewwin uskar n ufilm n itcalluten i yufen tnayen n twalatin, s lxedayem-nnes « Up » di 2009 d « Inside out » du 2015.
Pete Docter amessufeɣ n ufilm n « Soul » ikemmel x lxedmet-nnes i yewcin ijjen wemkan d ameqqran i ustudyu n « Piksar » deg iseggusa i yeɛdan. Ittic-d ijjen tenfust d tajerdelsant (interculturelle) tettbedda x imunas n bnadem n yiḍ-a d netta irezzu x lmeɛna.
Akrisis d Imili (existentielle)
Deg ufilm n « Inside Out » Docter d icriken-nnes xedmen x walli, sfesyen min txes ad tini tungimt. D mamec tettili taweggidt (personnalité). D lhimmet n teycatin ameknaw axeyyeq, tigg°di d uɛesseb, maḥend ad sbedden zi lefraḥet n bnadem.
Di « Soul » i yura Docter s temccarcut aked Mike Jones d Kemp Powers ittic ijjen lxezrat tulleɣ x tnefsiyt n bnadem. Ittweḍḍaren jar tizemmar-nnes ig ittegg ḥuma ad taweḍ ɣer min txes d nettat aqqa-t x tmurt d liɛic tiẓyuḍiwin n tudert timeẓẓyanin. Afilm ittic ijjen temladast (approche) teqseḥ s waṭṭas maca di twalat d icten tecna x tebsurdit (absurdité) n lmewt. X umumintu-nni i di ittbeddan merra isenfaren n bnadem, turjiwin-nnes d netta ittɣil ad yedder i lebda.
S manaya, afilm itterra-d ijjen umxumbel d afilusuf d aqdim s waṭṭas : Min ɣa ggeɣ mala ssneɣ ila iggur ad mmteɣ ass-a ? Qqaren aqqa bnadem iferḥen qaɛ d netta ig ittkemmalen ass-nnes bla ma ad ibeddel la d ijjen lḥajet. Asentel min xef issiwel iqqseḥ, imxumbel maca issagg°ad kṭer ɛad. Minzi ittwagg di lweqt mani tabenadmit tettemseddar aked ijjen ubirus ineqq. Minzi ɛawed merra isenfaren bedden, imezran n bnadem uylen s ubirus-a d lmewt ig iṭṭawen akid-neɣ.
Maca, amxumbel-nnes ɛad yella : Ma iggur ad nedder tudet nniḍen awerni i lmewt niɣ iseggusa iquḍaḍen i ɣer-neɣ x tudert d ayenni i neɛlem maḥend a naweḍ a naf ixef-nneɣ ? « Soul » ittxes ad yades ɣer ukrisis-a amili s tḥajit n Joe Garnder min xef tettirar pirikula. Joe netta ittukar x pyanu d aselmad n tmusikt deg ijjen temzyida n tɣuri maca manaya wer yejji ca Joe ad yerḍa x ixef-nnes. Minzi netta irezzu ad ittwassen deg yiger n tmusikt n Jazz, lebda ittraja melmi ɣa yaweḍ ɣer min ixes.
Deg ijjen wass, turja n Joe ad tili d tidet : Iggur ad yirar aked ijjen rebɛa ttwassnen s waṭṭas deg yiger n tmuzikt n Jazz, ḥuma ad yeɛjeb i tmeɣnujt n tseḍma ittwassnen. Maca, ad yewḍa deg ijjen uḥbuḍ n buxraru qbel ma ad xedmen kunsirtu-nnsen. Aked uweṭṭu n Joe deg ijjen uḥbuḍ n buxraru, ad yejj afilm arrimet-nnes x tmurt. Ad ikumasa aked buḥbel-nnes ad yili s ijjen furma d jjdid maca ad yeḥḍa nnwaḍer-nnes d tcaccit-nnes. Iggur ad yali ɣer ijjen ddruj yuyel deg ujenna, aked ca n yimanen (des âmes) nniḍen, ttexsen ad adfen deg ijjen ubeqqiḍ d ameqqran n tfawt.
Xminni ɣa yessen Joe ila safi yemmut, ad yegg tizemmar-nnes maḥend ad yedwel ɣer arrimet-nnes, uca ad yenḍu di lxawi. Deg wemkan mani ɣa yedwel ɣer tmurt, ad immers deg ijjen wemkan-nniḍen. Inni isennɛen afilm semman-as i wemkan-a « Zzat ameqqran » mani sstrinan iymanen i ɛad wer d-ixliqen maḥend ad ten-swejden i tudert.
Tasawert n yimanen
Aṭṭas n ifilmawen ttuɣa xsen ad xaylen lmalakat niɣ Rebbi. Maca deg ufilm n « Soul » ittic-aneɣ-d astudyu n « Piksar » ijjen furma d jjdid n lmexluqat timitafizikyin ig ixeddmen x usettef d usurgen (organisation) n unhezzi n yimanen ig ittsafaren. Di « Zzat ameqqran » wer ittemsagar ca Joe aked ca n lmalakat niɣ aked lmexluqat n tḥuja tigrikiyn ula aked igezzanen niɣ aked laryaḥ, amec i ttuɣa nennum nẓarr di sini. Maca iggur ad yaf ca n imeksawen niɣ ca imciwaren (conseillers). Merra ɣer-sen isem n « Jerry ». Furma-nnsen tegga ameknaw min iressem Picasso.
Lmxluqat-a ggin ameknaw ɛawed iprugramen n ukumpyuter niɣ tamɛawant taṭumatikt i daneɣ-ittɛawanen xminni nenndeh. Maca nettat ɣer-s ijjen tmussni deg weɣrad, tettwala belli bnadem xminni irezzu ad yaweḍ ɣer ca n mezri, d ijjen lfihem d « amezwar » i uceɛɛel n tudert n tidet.
« Jerry » ad yini i Joe ad isstrinar ijjen buḥbel isemma-as ufilm « buḥbel 22 ». Maḥend buḥbel-a ad teqtaneɛ s tudert. Maca nettat wer txis ad ad texleq (buḥbel 22 d tawtemt), minzi wer das-iɛjib ad tedder x tmurt. Maca « buḥbel 22 » texes ad tɛawen Joe maḥend ad idwel ɣer tmurt, maca ad yuqeɛ ijjen ufayyu. « Buḥber 22 » ad yadef di arrimet n Joe i yellan x tmurt. D buḥbel n Joe ad yadef deg ijjen umcic. Zegga ixes Joe ad yawi arrimet-nnes ɣer kunsirtu-nni. « Buḥbel 22 » iggur ad yaf taẓyuḍi n tudert, xminni txezzer mamec weṭṭan wafriwen n tsejjart, d uqasi n Pizza.
« Buḥbel 22 » ad daneɣ-tini cḥal yeqseḥ ad nedder di ca n arrimet, maca di twalat d icten waxxa Joe yudes i lmewt maca waxxa amenni iqqim irezzu x min ixes. Ar ameggaru ad yefhem ila lmeɛna n tudert aqqa-t deg ijjen wemkan nniḍen.
Amxumbel n ddin
deg ufilm n « soul » buḥbel ittedder di rebɛa n imukan : Tamurt, zzat ameqqran, awerni ameqqran, aked uɣezdis n ijjen wemkan aqqa-t di berra, jar inni iddren d imettinen. Wer ɣer-s ttikk°iḍen ɣir inni iwwḍen ɣer nnecwet s lxedmet-nnsen d inni imsebḍan x tilawt (réalité) d inni iweddren aqqa-yen sexfen wer d-fiqqen.
Deg wemkan-a n unexḍef, ittic afilm ijjen ufutu n wanict yecna bnadem ad yali s buḥbel-nnes. Aked tuɛeffna-nnes xminni ittɛeqqab d ijjen tezmert treddaj. Tejja bnadem wer izemmer ad yaca s taẓyuḍi n tudert minzi ixes ad yaweḍ ɣer ca n lḥajet d tameqqrant di tudert-nnes. asafar (voyage) n buḥbel di tudert d laxira d ijjen usentel (sujet) ssawalent x-as aṭṭas n tedyulujyin tideyyanin. Wer tzemmer ad x-as tessiwled bla ma ad kid-k d-ikker ca ijjen. D manaya ig inna Docter deg ijjen wemsawal-nnes.
Ma buḥbel yella qbel ma ad yexleq bnadem ? Niɣ ittili xminni ittfurma lɛayel deg uɛeddis n tyemmat ? Ma ittɛic ijjen tudert d netta iḍfar ijjen tebridt ar ɣa immutti ɣer tudert nniḍen ? Niɣ ittedder ca n tdewwarin n tudert ittsiɣan amec qqarent ca n tdeyyanin qbei i ɣa innufsel buḥbel zeg umutten n arrimet ?
« Buḥbel » s yixef-nnes d ijjen usentel wer ibin ca mliḥ : Ma ikessi arrimet n bnadem i di yella ? Niɣ amec i t-ittxayalen ifilmawen yegga ameknaw ca n laryaḥ d acemlal ? Ma nzemmer a newzen buḥbel ?
Ḥuma ad d-yerr ufilm x iseqsan-a yina. Inni i yuran afilem raḥen sseqsan, ɣrin x waṭṭas n tdeyyanin d ixarrisen imsebḍan. Uca yura ijjen tenfust i d-iẓemmen zi merra tideyyanin-a tina. Afilm yeqqar-aneɣ neccin d ijjen cwayt zeg ijjen buḥbel d ameqqran. Ixess-aneɣ a nanef abrid-nni ig ittawin maḥend a nettwassen, a nprufita deg imumintuten imeẓẓyanen di tudert.
Tala: BBC


text:
Uca aqqa‑neɣ nennebiy, a s-tinid aqedduḥ-nni n utliffu d ticcin i dag‑s. ‑Xelli deg iyyuren yeɛdan ɛad kter, minzi nekkes x umuni s lehlak-a yegguren‑. Neqqen ɣer ikabliten, ha yenni n trisinti , ha yenni n Internet. X tuffut, aked werzam n tiṭṭawin, d tmeddit qbel aqqan-nsent, la deg ubrid: Aṣwiẓẓed ɣer Smartphone yedwel am twarrit n nnefs.
Melmi nzemmer ad t‑neḥseb d ttebliyyet? Mamec ɣa neg ad nessenqes zeg utliffu? Mayemmi zag‑s nettebla beɛda?.
Min teɛna ttebliyyet s Smartphone?
Min yeqqer weḍbib? wer yeqqir walu, minzi manaya d amaynu ɛad. Maca nzemmer ad nessemqudda aked ttebliyyet s Internet yellan zi cḥal uya: minzi merra min yeqqnen ɣer Smartphone (Azgen ameqran), ixeddem s internet. Mala wer telli d ttebliyyet, i mayemmi ɣer‑s nettɣima ass yekmel? Aqa wer yeḍbiɛ qaɛ ad tnebyyed deg ijjen uqedduḥ zegga id ɣa tenqer ar ɣa teɣli. Ittmarni uṣwiẓẓed ɣer‑s ɛad mala ttacid belli ca i inejmen mala wer tessijjed. Ar mani yedwel wemṣawad s utliffu, wer yecqi anict min yecqa utliffu-nni simant-nnes.
Mamek tbedda ttebliyyet?
Ttebliyyet tettraḥ ɣir min tettmerni, tbedda s wansṭali n Apps i dac-yeqqaren « ad tqad‑ac lami teggid App‑nneɣ », tticcent tineqqiḍin d awerdi, mintra teggid ca n ḥajet ttren-tt zag‑k. Instagram yeqqar‑ak aqa Afuṭu‑nnek yeɛjeb i qedda n midden. App n tirart teqqar‑ak: adef‑dd aqa nuca‑k qedda n wureɣ a zag‑s tirared.
Manaya issazzar Dopamin (Ahurmun n lefraḥet). Tettacid s uɣebbi d unecceṭ. Minzi din wi dac-yeqqern aqa manaya i teggid yecna. Ssenni ad tafed tettwalid manayenni yecna, uca trennid tlessqed dag‑s cwayt zi cwayt.
Ttawed ijjen lweqt mani i dd-nttekkes Smartphone zi jjibb bla ma a nfekker belli nekkes-it‑idd. Nettedwal nesxeddam‑it ɣir ḥima wer nettici ca n ddeg mala wer t‑nssexdem. Urid sennej i tyawant, niɣ minzi neḥwaj ad nexzer ca n ḥajet.
Minzi ɣa ssneɣ ma ttebliɣ?
« Craving » d ijjen wawal ixes ad yini « Tyacit s nnaqes » mala iɣab Smartphone, tyacit s gana n uɛebbeẓ x ibuṭunen‑nni‑nnes. Tyacit‑a d ultma-s n tenni i zi ittaca wenni yetteblan s Gaming, s unikutin niɣ s ca nniḍen. Kter ɛad iḥenjiren imeẓẓyanen d iḥudriyen, mintra beddan‑as zik, mintra ttallɣen di tnaɣit deg ikabliten.
Melmi ittemrusa Smartphone x missa n tɣuri, ittawi 30 % zi taynit n tḥenjirt/uḥenjir. Manaya ad t-teẓrem mala tekksem Smartphone i tarwa nwem. Ttxiyyaqen, ttɛeṣṣaben deɣya. llan ca tmuzzren. D manaya zi yettwaɛqal deɣya wenni zag‑s yetteblan.
Nzemmer a xaf‑s neqḍa?
« Wah ‑ maca wenni yetteblan yeqseḥ ad zzag‑s yeffeɣ » yeqqar Prof. Thorsten zi tseddawit n Bremen. Prof. Thorsten yettweṣṣa mamek imeẓẓyanen xelli la d imeqranen ad ggen planu i wass-nsen, ad dag‑s ggen planu i Smartphone, jer Sport, d umsagar ak lwacun d imeddukal, ad tili ijjen tseɛɛet niɣ tnayn deg wass n Smartphone.
Ɣer uɣimi ɣer Macca, ɣer usummet ixessa ad yagg°ej. Wenni i das-ittafen lesbab ad t‑yegg d tseɛɛet n ufaqi. ad iseɣ tseɛɛet ad t-tesfaq. Ɣa tɣuri ixessa Smartphone wer itteṭṭef amkan i Macina n leḥsab.
Asyuri n wawal‑a merra, Smartphone yegru dag‑s merra min ntteg deg wass‑nneɣ. Nḥesseb dag‑s ussan, nettfaqa zag‑s, negga dag‑s librita … Maḥend ad zag‑s nessenqes, ixessa ad nedwel cwayt ɣer teqdimt, ad nagel takulast (lyawmiyya) deg uxxam, A negg tiẓemmimin (Notes) di lkiɣeḍ, Ad nerr tseɛɛed n tyaẓiḍt. Tudert n yiḍa tedwel teshel, maca terra-neɣ d inecraf. Nudes ayawya, maca wer nessin ayawya, nedwel wer nessin la d ixf‑nneɣ.
Ɣer ɛawed: Iyezzimen n tnefsect.. Mamec i kid-sen ɣa nemsurruf ?
Setta n yeklusay n macca !!


text:
Tasensartut (tasnudert)
Tasensartut (s Tlatint: taxinomia, Seg Tagrikt tamzikt: «tάEις= Asnay» d «vόuoς= Tarrayt») d tussna yezzin ɣef usenmel d usemmi n yimuddiren (iɣersiwen, imɣan, adalen... Atg).[1][2][3] Tasensartut teqqen s talɣa tuntimt yakk d usesmel n tesnudert i yimuddiren.
Kuyas i d-ttilin isesmilen isnudranen ttwasɣersen s ubellez amnursuy, ttwasunɣen s telɣa n waddag neɣ tikwal ttwagnsasen s talɣa n iɣawasen imassaɣen i wakken ad tetwaskin (ad tettwabnan) s tmuskiwin tiẓeṭṭanin anda deg kra n isesmilen yezmer ad yegber yiwen n wegmam deffir-s aṭas n yimrawen d yiẓuṛan. Amdya, aɣeṛda deg uɣawas amassaɣ yezmer ad ibin s ddaw n temseɣẓaẓ nniden i d-tizwaren neɣ inegren, neɣ s ddaw n temseɣẓaẓ nniden i d-t-yugaren deg wedras.
Asesmel amzik (aqbur)Ẓreg
Iswiren n usesmelẒreg
Imuddiren ttwabellzen ɣer tegrawin s unect d unagi ɣef tanfiwin-nsent acku asesmel issemrasen imusnawen iga d amur seg unagraw amnursuy amazrar anda yal taggayt tezzag-d deg tayeṭ:
- Talmest (species): d tagrawt n imuddiren yettemcabin ama deg talɣa neɣ deg ussezgi yerna zemren ad ssiknen gugar-asen w ad farsen tasuta tamaynut deg tegnatin tigamanin
- Tawsit (genus): d tagrawt n telmas yettaken assaɣ meqqren gugar-asent yerna ttemcabint, zdint deg yiwen n uẓar
- Tawacult: (family): tga d adras imineg seld n tewsit, tegber seg tewsitin yettemcabin gugar-asent
- Tafesna: d tagrawt igebren seg twaculin timaddasin yettemcabin
- Asmil (class): tegber seg tfesniwin ilan (yesɛan) assaɣ gar-asent
- Adur(phylum): tegber seg yismilen yettemcabin
- Tagelda (kingdom): Tella deg yixef n yidrasen imessartiyen send ma ad yettwarnu wedras niden igan d taɣult (domain)
AmedyaẒreg
Ɣer wemcic:
- Tagelda: iɣersiwen ugtikwaten.
- Adur: Timzikrin.
- Ad-adur: Tnaɣlalin.
- Afel-asmil: Tikuẓdarin.
- Asmil: Tumsuṭaṭ.
- Tafesna: Tiserɣuda.
- Tawacult tameqran: Imcac imeqqranen .
- Tawacult: Imcac.
- Tawsit: Timcac.
- Talmest: Amcic.
- Adu-lmes: Amcic n wexxam.


text:
Tizerzert
Tizerzert (assaɣ usnan: Rangifer tarandus) d yiwet n telmest n izerzer yettidiren deg yidgan usfaylu n ugafa d izunsfuyalu deg Uruppa d Asya d Temrikt n ugafa, Dɣa deg Temrikt n ugafa yettusemmay (Karibu)
Aglam[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Amyaraw[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Uzuf yettili-d deg taggara n ctenber ar ussan imezwura n nuwambir, Dɣa yettekker-d umennuɣ gar n iwetmen i wakken ad ssiwden ad rnan (rebḥen) tawtemt w ad muzfen yid-s, Deg wayyur n mayu ttlalen-d igenduzen iy tessen ayefki maca seld (bɛed) n 45 n wussan ad beddun ad tetten asaɣur d tuga ɣas akken tawtemt ad teqqim tessuṭuṭ alamma iluled ugenduz n iden


text:
Mathieu Hill d « amaray n Zzayer yernu d win ay yellan seg zik yettargu ad d-yerzu fell-as. Yerrumsa s tutlayt taɛṛabt yernu d win ay yeɣsen ad yeqqel d anmazal n tmurt-nnes deg Zzayer », ɣef wakken ay d-tenna tselwit n tegduda deg usebter-nnes unṣib n Facebook.
Amarikani-a ilemẓi d wayt twacult-nnes wwḍen-d ɣer Wehṛan akken ad ḥedṛen d inebgiwen n userhu deg Turarin Tigrakalanin ay yebdan ass n usiḍyas tameddit.
Mathieu Hill temmuger-it tmazelt n Zzayer deg Washington ilindi.
« Ummareɣ imi ay d-usiɣ ɣer Zzayer yellan d tamurt taɣudant. Ssawḍeɣ ɣer targit-inu, » ɣef wakken ay d-yenna.


text:
Ek Ladki Ko Dekha To Aisa Laga – Movie 1942 A Love Story – Desi Notations
Keyboard Harmonium Desi Notations of the song Ek Ladki Ko Dekha To Aisa Laga from Indian Movie 1942 A Love Story
Mandar saptak is indicated by a sign of apostrophe on left side e.g. (‘S)
Madh saptak have no symbol in the notation system and is notated as simple (S).
Taar saptak is indicated with a sign of apostrophe on right side e.g. (S’).
Keyboard Harmonium Saptak
Desi Notations
Ho, E K Ladki Ko Dekha To Aisa Laga n n n S' D n S' D n S' D n S' D n E K Ladki Ko Dekha To Aisa Laga n S' D n S' D n S' D n S' D n Jaise Khiltaa Gulaab n n Dn m D P Jaise Shaayar Ka Khwaab D n Dn m D P Jaise Ujali Kiran D n Dn m D PP Jaise Ban Mein Hiran P Dm Rg P m mm Jaise Chaandni Raat m Pg R g Pm m Jaise Narmi Baat m P g Pn P mm Jaise Mandir Mein Ho Ek m m m Dn R' S' S' S' D Jalta Diya m Dn R' S' Ho, Ek Ladki Ko Dekha To Aisa Laga n S' D n S' R' D n S' D n R' D n Ho, E K Ladki Ko Dekha To Aisa Laga n n n S' D n S' D n S' D n S' D n E K Ladki Ko Dekha To Aisa Laga n S' D n S' D n S' D n S' D n Jaise Subah Ka Ruup n n D n m D P Jaise Sar Di Ki Dhuup D n D n m D P Jaise Bee Na Ki Taan D n D n m D PP Jaise Rango Ki Jaan P Dm Rg P m mm Jaise Balakhaaye Bel m Pg R g P m m Jaise Leheron Ka Khel m P g P n P mm Jaise Khushbu Liye Aaye m m m D n R' S' S' S' D Thandi Hava m Dn R' S' Ho, Ek Ladki Ko Dekha To Aisa Laga n S' D n S' R' D n S' D n R' D n Ho, E K Ladki Ko Dekha To Aisa Laga n n n S' D n S' D n S' D n S' D n E K Ladki Ko Dekha To Aisa Laga n S D n S D n S D n S D n Jaise Naa Chta Mor n n D n m D P Jaise Re Sham Ki Dor D n Dn m D P Jaise Pariyon Ka Raag D n D n m D PP Jaise Sandal Ki Aag P Dm Rg P m mm Jaise So Lah Shringaar m Pg Rg P m m Jaise Ras Ki Phuhaar m P g P n P mm Jaise Aahista Aahista m m mDn R' S' S' S' D Badhta Nasha m D n R' S'


text:
Wujda
Tga tmdint n Wejda yat tiɣrmt illan ɣ ugafa admuḍ n tmazirt n Lmɣrib, tg tamaẓunt n tsga tagmuḍant. Tlla tiɣrmt ad ɣ iwtta ngr Lmɣrib d Dzayr, gr-is d Juj Bɣal ɣar kran 14 km. Tqrrb i idrarn n Bni Znassn d taggug f yill agrakal s 60km. Tettuybna Wujda s ifassn n Ziri Ibn Attia ɣ 994 ɣ ammas n Angad.
Asnmkta[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Asnmkta n tanbaḍt n Wujda-Angad lli ɣ illa 492 873 umzdaɣ, iɣ nẓra usiḍn lli ittuyskar ɣ usggwas n 2014.[1]
Aslmd[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Asɣl n taqubbanit : 21%
- Asɣl n imzdaɣ lli iɣran ar usinan n usmdi nɣd uggar : 24,6%
Tadamsa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Asɣl n imzdaɣ lli llan ɣ isggasn nnsn n twuri : 45,4%
- Asɣl n tarwuri (middn lli ur ṭṭafn tawuri) : 26,2%
- Asɣl n imzdaɣ lli swurin dar lmxzn (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 17%
- Asɣl n imzdaɣ lli swurin ɣ uslig (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 46,9%
Tadmsa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tasbbabt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tga tasbbabt yat ɣ tuwwuriwin baḥra d ittrran idrimn i tamdint n wujda, ig ugmmaḍ lli ɣ tlla yan ugmmaḍ lli yas ittawsn f atig i tsbbabt acku ar ilkam is mmiqir tasga n rrif d dda was d tamazirt n dzayr
Tiwlafin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Isaɣuln[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- ↑ RGPH 2014 - Site HCP : rgphentableaux.hcp.ma/


text:
Aṭṭas n Ifaysbukiyen kɛan x tsemɣurin i d-yefsar Usinag ageldan n tussna n Tmaziɣt (IRCAM). Qqaren belli ttemmewcant i ca n yiwdan wer stihheln ca, ttekksen-tent i inni istahllen. Mamec Imaziɣen n Usammer d Arrif qqaren ila nitni lebda ttḥuzen-ten ɣer ṭṭerf. Asit n Scoop.ma yura-d « sseɛd n wenn ɣer tella xalt-s di tmeɣra ». Ismeɛna-d x inni iksin tasemɣurt tameqqrant n Usinag, ttuɣa-ten s merra kkin x useqqim n IRCAM. Kkes ɣir Muḥemmed Mestawi.
Ɛ.Ḥ yura x ufaysebuk-nnes manaya: « Nec ig illan d amari zi Arrif, wer day-i yeɛjib lḥal x usinef i dasen-tteggen i imariten di Arrif zi tsemɣurin n Usinag ».
Zi xemsa n tsemɣurin n tsekla, mmewcent i rebɛa d Isusiyen, ijjen zi Arrif, ula d ijjen zi Aṭlas. Ma Imaziɣen nniḍen wer ssinen ad arin?


text:
Umuɣ n tikkin n umseqdac علاء
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4 Yebrir 2018
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5 Duǧember 2017
- 12:225 Duǧember 2017 à 12:22 Imgir Amezruy 0 m Amyannan umsqedac:Mnemosientje علاء yebeddel isem n usebtar seg Amyannan umsqedac:KIeio ar Amyannan umsqedac:Mnemosientje war anegzum: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "KIeio" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Mnemosientje|Mnemosient... amiran
- 12:225 Duǧember 2017 à 12:22 Imgir Amezruy +54 N Amyannan umsqedac:KIeio/Archive 1 علاء yebeddel isem n usebtar seg Amyannan umsqedac:KIeio/Archive 1 ar Amyannan umsqedac:Mnemosientje/Archive 1: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "KIeio" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Mnemosientje|Mn... amiran
- 12:225 Duǧember 2017 à 12:22 Imgir Amezruy 0 m Amyannan umsqedac:Mnemosientje/Archive 1 علاء yebeddel isem n usebtar seg Amyannan umsqedac:KIeio/Archive 1 ar Amyannan umsqedac:Mnemosientje/Archive 1: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "KIeio" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Mnemosientje|Mn... amiran
29 Yulyu 2017
- 16:3429 Yulyu 2017 à 16:34 Imgir Amezruy 0 m Amyannan umsqedac:CreativeC علاء yebeddel isem n usebtar seg Amyannan umsqedac:CreativeC38 ar Amyannan umsqedac:CreativeC war anegzum: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "CreativeC38" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Creative... amiran
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3 Yulyu 2017
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19 Yunyu 2017
- 11:5619 Yunyu 2017 à 11:56 Imgir Amezruy 0 m Amyannan umsqedac:Sgconlaw علاء yebeddel isem n usebtar seg Amyannan umsqedac:Smuconlaw ar Amyannan umsqedac:Sgconlaw war anegzum: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "Smuconlaw" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Sgconlaw|Sgconl... amiran
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29 Mayyu 2017
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15 Mayyu 2017
- 23:2815 Mayyu 2017 à 23:28 Imgir Amezruy 0 m Amyannan umsqedac:Pandakekok9 علاء yebeddel isem n usebtar seg Amyannan umsqedac:Pokéfan95 ar Amyannan umsqedac:Poyekhali war anegzum: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "Pokéfan95" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Poyekhali|P...
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Amec ttuɣa ttrajan aṭṭas n imeɣnas di Leqbayel. Kamira Nayt Sɛid tettwaṭṭef di Tizi Wezzu, mamec i teɛda x lmeḥkama n Sidi Mḥemmed. Alaḥsab mamec i dd-yeydar usit n « Inter-lignes » i dd-yennan aqqa nettat ḍeffarent x tlata n tmeslayin i yeqqnen ɣer unhezzi n MAK. « Kamira diklaran zzag-s di Draa Ben Khedda… »
Lexbar n uweḍḍer-nnes yegg-it-id uma-s x Facebook teltyyam zeg wami. Minzi wer das-dd-ibin lexbar zegga ttuɣa teqqim di Draa Ben Khedda di Tizi Wezzu. Amek yettwassen ila Kamira netta d Tamɣart n ukungris amaḍlan Amaziɣ, ḍefrent x ca n ddwasa i yeqqnen ɣer MAK.
Lwacun n Kamira wekkden ila nitni wer dasen-dd-iwiḍ ula d ijjen ulaɣi zeg upulis maḥend ad asen-iɛlem ila qa Kamira aqqa-tt ɣer-sen. Waxxa lqanun Agzayri yeqqar ixess apulis ad yeɛlem i lwacun n wenn/tenn ittwaṭṭfen.
Uḍuf n Kamira yus-d zegga terra ddewla Tagzayrit anhezzi n MAK d « Rachad » d inhezziten d « ibelsagg°aden ». Mamec lux, ḍelqen-dd ijjen trezzut i zi xsen ad ṭṭfen ameqqran n MAK, Ferḥat Mhenni.


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Mubarik Belqasem – مبارك بلقاسم
www.hespress.com
Zeggʷami ssentan Yimaziɣen di Murakuc ed ugaluz en Omaḍal Amaziɣ (Tamazɣa) deg weɣnas adelsan nsen i tutlayt Tamaziɣt ed tnettit Tamaziɣt nitni ssawalen ɣef tinneẓmit (el-ahammiya) en tutlayt. Maca afares niɣ asirew (lintaj) utlayan niɣ adelsan nsen es tutlayt Tamaziɣt nsen d-ameẓẓyan aṭṭas (bahra, cigan) aha wer et nettwili di tmetti. Nzemmar (neẓḍar) ad nini is aful en teẓrigin ed tirawin es tutlayt Tamaziɣt sul (mazal) yeqqim yudes ɣer wemya di tmiḍi (0%) di Murakuc.
Tiẓrigin ed tirawin a timudrusin yurin es Tmaziɣt ttennḍent aliḍ (lebda, bedda) ɣef tsekla ed umareg ed ofolkloṛ.
Imaziɣen yeɣṛin yessawařen Tamaziɣt ttagin ad arin imagraden ed yidlisen nsen ɣef yineɣmisen iwassanen ed tsertit (essiyasa) ed tdamsa (leqtiṣad) ed waddal (sport) ed tmetti (elmujtamaɛ) ed tudert tawassant ed tmukras timettiyanin en yimezdaɣ en tmurt.
Tamukrist tameqqṛant yellan ɣer yimeɣnasen idelsanen en Tmaziɣt d-tugit nsen ad arin es tutlayt Tamaziɣt ɣef tudert en weɣref (ecceɛb) ed tɣawsiwin tiwassanin tiɣerfanin.
Assa, yella ɣer Yimaziɣen yeɣṛin waṭṭas en wammaken (limkaniyat) ed yimassen (el-adawat) ed tzemmar ay ẓḍaren (zemmaren) ad ssewrin (ad sxedmen) di tira nsen ed usirew utlayan nsen. Tagṛacca niɣ “internet” (avidyu, YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, WhatsApp…atg.) tedwel tettakkʷaḍ (tlekkem) ɣer yal taddart ed yal tigemmi di Murakuc ed Omaḍal Amaziɣ.
Maca waxxa amenni sul (mazal) ttaggin Yimaziɣen yeɣṛin ad arin es Tmaziɣt nsen aha ttɣiman ttarin es tutlayin nniḍen: Taserɣint (Taɛrabt) ed Tefṛansist ed Eddarija.
Wanita d-aṭṭan d-ameqqṛan.
Tugit en Yimaziɣen ad arin es tutlayt Tamaziɣt nsen ay ssawalen di tudert nsen tawassant d-aṭṭan ay zeg wer zemmaren niɣ wer ttexsen ad ggenfan.
1) Tinneẓmit en usekkil Alatin ed uselmed asinan:
Xminni (asmi) ssawaleɣ xef usekkil Amaziɣ Alatin nec ssawaleɣ ɣef 35 (kṛamraw-ed-semmus) isekkilen a:
ABCČDḌEƐFGǦƔHḤIJKLMNOQRŘṚSṢTṬUWXYZẒ
Afad (ḥuma) ad tenjem tutlayt Tamaziɣt zi tmettant ed wexsay ed olobbeḍ yuccel as ad et arin yitbab nnes es usekkil Alatin ay izemmaren ad et yessiweḍ (ad et yesselkem) ɣer mdu (akk) midden yeɣṛin yekkin aɣerbaz.
Tira en Tmaziɣt es usekkil Alatin tessegzal tuzdawt (elmudda) ed webrid en wefsar en Tmaziɣt ed usenyuddu nnes ed uselkem nnes deg unagraw aɣerbazan aha aselmadan aha adeblan Amurakucan.
D-tina d-tibekka (ennoqaṭ) tixatarin timeqqṛanin en tsertit tamaynut i yucclen i usenjem en Tmaziɣt zi tmettant ed wexsay ed olobbeḍ:
– Aselmed en Tmaziɣt deg yiɣerbazen es usekkil Alatin.
– Asidef en tutlayt Tamaziɣt deg uselmed asinan (ettanawi) es usekkil Alatin zdat (qbel) niɣ es tizwuri ɣef uselmed amenzu afad ad dd-ffɣen deɣya yimawaḍen (eccabab) Imurakucanen yeɣṛin izemmaren ad arin aha ad ɣaṛen Tamaziɣt ɣef weswir amattay di tudert tadamsant, tasertant aha tadeblant.
– Asemres (ettersim) en Tmaziɣt di tdeblin en uwanak Amurakucan es usekkil Alatin. Aya (manaya) ad yessenhel asewri (asexdem) en Tmaziɣt di tudert tawassant en yinamuren (elmowaṭinin).
– Asewri (asexdem) en usekkil Alatin di tira en Tmaziɣt deg wesneɣmes (třibizyun, iɣmisen, isura (ifilmen), tagṛacca (internet), ansiwen (isayten) en yineɣmisen…atg.).
– Arkawal amuran (mitaq waṭani) jar (inger) yinarmuden ed yimeɣnasen Imaziɣen ad arin ijen waful en yimagraden nsen es Tmaziɣt deg yiɣmisen.
2) Tutlayt Tamaziɣt zi 28,4% en Yimurakuciyen ar 26,7% nsen:
Deg useggʷas en 2004 (sin igiman ed kkoẓ) tenna Tnurayt Tamattayt en Uɣawas (N.M.Ɣ.) umi qqaṛen es Tefṛansist HCP is 28,4% en Yimurakuciyen (en Yimeɣrabiyen) ssawalen tutlayt Tamaziɣt am d-tutlayt tayemmat.
Deg useggʷas en 2014 (sin igiman ed mraw ed kkoẓ) yehrubbez woṭṭon a ɣer 26,7% en yinamuren.
28,4% – 26,7% = 1,7%
Jar 2004 ed 2014 temẓey Tmaziɣt di Murakuc es 1,7% (ijjen taccert sa di tmiḍi).
Malla (iɣ) nsiɣiy ammu (ɣikad) ad temmet Tmaziɣt di taggara en tmiḍi a tiss 21t.
Mayen yemsaren?
Ma isaren?
Ma yejṛan?
Oṭṭon en midden yessawařen Tamaziɣt di Murakuc yemẓey minzi (acku) aṭṭas nsen wer qqimen ssawalen Tamaziɣt aked tarwa nsen niɣ ssawalen aked tarwa nsen imaynuten dd-ilulen tutlayt en Eddarija waha (ukan, helli).
Neccin nettwala aha nẓarr ayad yettemsara yal ass di tmetti nneɣ.
Aṭṭas Imurakucanen ttagin ad ssiwlen Tamaziɣt aked tarwa nsen aha ssawařen akid-sen Eddarija waha.
Rni-dd ɣef uyenni, aselmed en Tmaziɣt d-amudrus aha aselmed en Tserɣint (Taɛrabt) ed Tefṛansist imeqqaṛ aked tigmi en woṭṭon iɣerbazen di Murakuc.
Aya akk (manaya marra) yessakkʷaḍ (yesselkam) ɣer tfellawt (ennatija) en unusru ed wemẓay en woṭṭon imessawalen en Tmaziɣt.
Asafar (eddwa) en waṭṭan a yella d-asedwes (asejhed) en uselmed en Tmaziɣt deg yiɣerbazen ed usedwes en Tmaziɣt deg wesneɣmes ed tira. Rni-dd ɣef-s asidef (asekcem) en Tmaziɣt deg uselmed asinan (ettanawi).
Asedwes a en tutlayt Tamaziɣt di tmetti (deg wamun) ed yiɣerbazen wer yeẓḍar (wer izemmar) ad yili ɣas es usewri en usekkil Alatin.
3) Tira ed uselmed en Tmaziɣt es usekkil Alatin niɣ es usekkil en Tifinaɣ? Egg mayen texsed, sker ma trit!
Asekkil en Tifinaɣ yecna, ifulki, yeṣṣbeḥ, yiẓil, yeḥla, iɣuda, yelha, igerrez maca asekkil en Tifinaɣ wer izemmar (wer yeẓḍar) ad yawes tutlayt Tamaziɣt ad tbedd ɣef yiḍaren ines.
Wenni yexsen (wenna iran) ad yari Tamaziɣt es usekkil en Tifinaɣ ad yari. Maca neccin (nekni) nessawal ɣef uselmed en Tmaziɣt ed usemres (ettersim) nnes deg yigiman ed yigiman iɣerbazen ed tdeblin deg yict (yat, yiwet) tuzdawt (elmudda) taqoḍaḍt tugzilt afad ad tenjem Tmaziɣt zi tmettant ed wexsay ed olobbeḍ ay neẓra (es 1,7%) jar 2004 ed 2014.
D-asekkil Alatin ay izemmaren ad yawes (ad iɛawen) Tamaziɣt deg wakud a.
Yuccel ad nari Tamaziɣt es usekkil Alatin amaḍlan ameɣradan i yiswi ad nessemɣeṛ oṭṭon en wi tet yessawalen, yeqqaṛen, yettarin aha yessnen.
tussna@gmail.com


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Ɣef leḥsab n yisefka n Tesmirit Tunnigt n Usɣiwes ay d-yeffɣen i lmen d n wass agraɣlan n tillumẓa ay yettwasfugulen deg 12 Ɣuct n yal aseggas, 61,2% seg yilemẓiyen yesɛan agerdas asdawan deg Meṛṛuk ur ufin ara amahil.
Yerna-d wudus-a anagdud amaeṛṛuki dakken ugar n 5 n yimelyunen n yilemẓiyen imeṛṛukiyen yesɛan gar 15 d 24 n yiseggasen atni beṛṛa i wulzuz n umahil. Timerniwt n uktamur n trebbawt tella-d ugar deg temdinin d gar tlemẓiyin.
Tarebbawt tḥuza 31,8% n yilemẓiyen yesɛan gar 15 d 25 n yiseggasen, 13,7% seg yilemẓiyen yesɛan gar 25 d 44 n yiseggasen d 3,8% seg wid yesɛan nnig 45 n yiseggasen.


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Carl Gustav Jung
Carl Gustav Jung, d amsekliseḍ, d amusnaw n Tiklisent n tmurt n Swis. Yura aṭas n idlisen af Tiklisent s tutlayt talmanit. Ilul ass n le 26 yulyu 1875 di 'Kesswil', taɣiwant tamecṭuḥt n Swis. Imut ass 6 yunyu 1961 di 'Küsnacht' di Swis.
Mi yeɣra deg uɣerbaz n 'Bâle', i kemel taɣuri n tmejjayt d tiklisent. Di 1907, imlal d umusnaw n tiklisent Sigmund Freud, i tyugaren s 19 isegasen. D timlilit i bedlen amecwar-is di tusna n tiklisent. Di 1912, ur mesfhamen ara af kra n tɣawsiwin n tiklisent n Freud.
Di 1920, iruḥ ar tafriqt ugafa ilmend unadi ines.


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Dima, [ZW][MẒ] toujours – siempre – دائما
Agdawal: aha, rebda.
Imedyaten:
Dima yettɛeḍḍil akken ad d-yaweḍ ɣer uɣerbaz – Il arrive toujours en retard à l’école – Él siempre llega tarde a la escuela – يصل دائما متأخرا إلى المدرسة
Jida ur tettili dima deg wexxam, ma grand-mère n’est pas toujours à la maison – mi abuela no está siempre en la casa – جدتي ليست دائما في البيت
Qrib dima tturareɣ takurt n uqecwal mi ad d-ffɣeɣ seg uɣerbaz – Je joue presque toujours au basket-ball après l’école – Yo casi siempre jugaba béisbol después de clases –
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TAMURT – Ass-a 30 ɣuct 2020, d ass n umuli n wannay amaziɣ. Annay agi yennulfa-d deg iseggasen nni n 1970, asmi agraw Imaziɣen ar uqerruy-is Mas Bedssaoud Md Arab netta d imeɣnasen n wegraw di talit nni.
Wallan d akken agdud amaziɣ s lekmal-is, ilaq-as wanna-ines ara ten-isdduklen uw akken ara d-binen ger aɛraben-inselmen i Tefriqt Ugafa. Ihi, annay agi, yuɣal s tidett yesddukel meṛṛa imaziɣen anisda ma llan deg umaḍal.
Maca annay agi iban-d ssnen-t akk imaziɣen maca d’Agraw Amaḍlan n Amaziɣ (CMA) it-id-isbanen i si yettassen di ddunit. D agraw-agi (A.A.A) i yebuṭin fell-as deg yiwen n unejmaɛ-nsen di Tarifa (Iles Canarie) deg useggas n 1994, akken imaziɣen sumata ad terren d ayla-nsen u at refden anida ma llan deg umaḍal yal tikelt ara bɣun ad d-sbeggnen iman-nsen d imaziɣen i llan mačči d aɛraben-inselmen.
Amekkan i tutlayt n tyemmatt nneɣdeg ul n Yal Aqbayli d Teqbaylit. Tura ilaq a ken ay Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin i yettidiren di tmanaɣt (Alger) d akken tarwa nwen, nkent ad llemden ad ttmeslayen tazwara s taqbaylit di beṛṛa di temdint n Lzayer , mačči kan deg ixxamen am taɣawsa nni si teseḍḥam ad d-beggnem zzat n medden. Taqbaylit neɣ tamaziɣt ad tettwaseqdec deg umeslay, deg tira d yal Aqbayli, d yal Taqbaylit anida ma llan. Ar ass-a, mazal « aɛraben-inselmen, tmesxiren fell-awen u kunwi mazal tettagadem-ten akken ad teqqablem mgal tiddyulugit taɛrabt-tinselment n Lzayer tamharsan si 62 ar tura. D anest-a akk i yessawḍen armi tarwa n Bexta terra-kwen, kent ddawa n idharen-nsen imi testehzanm, tettseḍḥim zzat-sen s lluɣan nwen taqbaylit. Ihi cfut awal agi s ɣur Iqbayliyen d Teqbayliyin aḥruren, nnan awen, akent:
« Win yugin taqbaylit awer timlilit » !
Hand Berkouk


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« Ttaciɣ am xmi neɛɛmeɣ belli nɣiɣ ». D asenti n lektab i zi yettwassen Charles Robert Darwin. Maca tidet waha, Darwin yegga tagrawla s uṭewwer. Theory of Evolution, Taṭiyurit n uṭṭewwer [Taqbaylit: Tamhazt], urid tssenhezz tussna waha, Maca tbeddel udem i wemaḍal.
Ar lwesṭ n lqern n 19, ttuɣa aṭṭas n yiwdan ttamnen belli tamurt ixerq-itt Ṛebbi s qaɛ min day-s yellan n imudar (lmal) d lesjur. Yallah 4004 iseggusa waha qbel i Ɛisa. Tcuni, amsebḍi, leɛjayb marra d izumal n jjehd n Ṛebbi. Zi mani tella tmurt, wer dag‑s yenqiṣ wer dag‑s yemmerni walu.
Taṭiyyurit n Darwin tegga BBUM!
Charles Robert Darwin yeḍfer ijjen tebridt nniḍen deg uxarres x mamek tebda tudert di tmurt. Adlis-nnes umi yegga azwel d azegrar: « On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life » (s tmaziɣt: Beddu n yekluṣay s uswizi n yixḍer n ugama (Nature) niɣ Asiɣi n yekluṣay n arraṣat n lemliḥ deg umquṭṭes x tudert). Yettwafser twalat tamezgarut ass n 24 Nuwenbir 1859.
Afser amezgaru n 1250 n lektub, qḍan deg wass amezgaru. Adlis amezgaru qa-t di lmetḥef n London n umezruy n ugama.
Tasersiwt (thesis statement ) tamezgarut.
Awal n « Evolution » [Aṭewwer] wer t-id‑yider Darwin deg usufeɣ amezgaru n wedlis-nnes. Axarres amezgaru n Darwin dag‑s belli Agama [Natur] teṭṭewwer urid ixerq-itt Ṛebbi deg ijjen tecti.
Axarres‑a yegga‑s Darwin ddsas, ddsas s ca n tmeslayin yegru‑tent-id zi temriḥt yegga s uɣarrabu (HMS Beagle ) d tdewla ɣer London.
Tisersiwin nniḍen:
Di tidet, axarres n Darwin wer dag‑s bu iceddan aṭṭas. Netta yettwala belli marra min yeddren, itteg tizemmer ḥima ad yaru (ad yemmerni), ad yeqqim uklaṣi‑nnes yedder. Maca tamurt udrusen dag‑s talawin n tudert, s uyenni, urid marra min yeddren izemmer ad isiɣi. Ḥima ad isiɣi ca n weklaṣi n imudder di tudert, ittaru aṭṭas, kṭer zi lqanun.
Tarrawt n yekluṣa‑ya xellqen‑dd mṣebḍan di tweṣṣaf (amenni waha). Ca zzag‑sen (zi tarrawt) ḥsen zeg inniḍen, zemmren ad siɣin di tudert ḥsen zeg inniḍen, tsiɣi ttarun.
Amenni ttɣimant tweṣṣaf iṣebḥen waha. Darwin isemma manaya s « Survival of Fittest ». ixes ad yini « wenni t-id‑ittawyen iteddren » urid « wenni ijehden »
Afsay deg uwennaḍ [environment].
Di mkul aklaṣi n min yeddren s-nnej i tmurt, ttemṣebḍan imuddar n weklaṣi-nni di mamek fessyen niɣ mamek ttnaman aked umkan di ddren. Di tegzirt n Galapago, iḥekker Darwin belli mkul aklaṣi n imudar dag‑s igduden, mkul agdud ibeddel x wenniḍen mala ddren mlagʷajen x wayawya.
Ca n yejḍad (Finch) d ca n icefrawen, mbeddalen x wayawya ɛla ḥsab tigzirin di ddren, acnaw ijḍad yufa ca ɣer-sen acenqub yemṣebḍa x yenniḍen. Mamek la d icefrawen mkul agdud d taqcurt‑nnes.
Deg ubeddel tteggen x wayawya, zemmren igduden‑a ad mlagʷajen (di tweṣṣaf) x aytmatsen, ar duren d aklaṣi nniḍen, ataf wer zemmren ad mṣarun akd uklaṣi i zi d-qqerṣen. La dina yufa zzag‑sen Darwin di tegzirt n Galapago.
Abrid n Darwin d azegrar ar Afser.
Qaɛ min dd‑yegru Darwin d tteḥqiq x ṭṭiyurit-nnes n uṭewwer, maca yekka aṭṭas dag‑s ccek, wer yezɛim ad yessufeɣ min yufa di trezzut‑nnes.
Awarni 20 iseggusa x usafar n Beagle i xaf‑s yezɛem. Ca zeg imussnawen d yewdan ferḥen zi min yufa Darwin, ḥesben‑t d tagrawla di tussna. Maca aṭṭas zebblen dag‑s, nnan xaf‑s qa wer yumin, d azindiq, d lmulḥild.
Ddsas n tussna tabyulujit n yiḍ-a.
Urid marra min yufa/yenna Darwin d tidet. Beddu n tudert di Tmurt wer t-yefhim, s-uyenni yiwid axarres n teḥrirt taqdimt di Ttiyurit‑nnes.
Ɛawed wer yendih ca tudert ɣer ijjen tala. Darwin yumen belli mkul aklaṣi iban‑dd weḥdes, uca iṭewwer.
S lxezret n tussna n wass-a min dd‑yejja Darwin wer yeqqim d lwert. Maca ura d ijjen umussnaw ma ɣer‑s ccek belli Darwin yegga ijjen lxedmet tmeɣer. Taṭiyurit‑nnes tedwel d ddsas di tussna tabyulujit. Aṭṭas i xaf‑s yettwabnan.
Aseqsi n bnadem ma yekk-d zi lqerd, qat ɛad ittunnuḍ jer inni itamnen s Ṛebbi d yenni wer zzag‑s ittamnen. Darwin di manaya yenna belli Baɣus d Bnadem carken di lejdud. Maca mani tiwed trezzut s Ujinum d trezzutin nniḍen n tebyulujit ass-a. Di mamek tebda tudert, d manis i dd‑qqerṣen yewdan, ad ɣer‑s nedwel ɛad s ufeṣṣel.
I kenniw? inim‑aneɣ deg ukumuntir minzi ttamnem? d min tessnem?
Ɣer ɛawd: Ammu i tebda tudert.


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Awar n Arebbi s Tmazight n Arrif
Ṯarifiṯ
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Awaȓ n Ṯuḏarṯ - Yennayer 2971
Wanita ḏ Lʼinjil ikmaȓ aqaṯ ḏeg yijjen n Lkitab s ṯmaziɣṯ n Arrif. Aḏ yiȓi iwjeḏ ḏeg Useggwas Amaziɣ n Yennayer n 2971 (char n waḥit ḏi 2021). TTUJIHA: (1) Ḏinni ṯnayen n ibuṭunen aȓ uẓermaḍ: ijjen n lḥuruf n ṯeƹrabṯ ijjen n lḥuruf n latiniya. Klika x min ṯexseḏ aḏ tɣareḏ. (2) Raḥ aȓ ȓwesṭ n lʼaqwas aȓ wedday, klika x ssura iy ḏinni aḏac d aȓint ssuraṯ iy ṯexseḏ. (3) Aȓ uɣezḏis nnes ḏinni rraqem, klika xas aḏac d aȓin lʼarqam. Klika x rraqem n wuḏem nni iy ṯexseḏ aḏ tɣareḏ. Ac ibarek Siḏi Arebbi s ṯɣuri-ya nnes n Wawaȓ n Ṯuḏarṯ!
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Ƹafak, meȓa ṯexseḏ ijjen n Lkitab n Lʼinjil ig yurin s ṯmaziɣṯ n Arrif (Ṯarifiṯ), sekk-aneɣ-d lmiṣaj ɣar [email protected], neccin aḏac d nessekk Lkitab-a s baṭeȓ. Nteḥḏaja ɣir isem nnec nican ḏ lƹunwan nnec nican. Xzar, lḥuruf n latiniya ḏ lḥuruf n ṯeƹrabṯ aqaṯen s ṯnayen iḏsen ḏi Lkitab-a. Meȓa ṯexseḏ Lkitab-a s lḥuruf n ṯeƹrabṯ waha, aqaṯ ɣarneɣ mujud. Meȓa ƹaḏ iqqim-aneɣ cin n ljihaz ḏ amezyan tesȓiḏ zzayes i Lʼinjil, ataf aḏawem ṯiḏ nessekk. Meȓa iqḍa-yaneɣ ljihaz-a, ataf ṣafi war nzemmar ca ƹlaḥeqqac war ɣarneɣ ca zzayes aṭṭas. Iƹni, ṭaleb ijjen qbeȓ ma aḏ qḍan. Cukran u ac iƹawen Arebbi.
Droits d'auteur © 2022, Awar n Arebbi s Tmazight n Arrif


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Terni tasentut n « éditions amazighes » i x-as d-itteffɣen uɣemmis n « Amaḍal Amaziɣ » i yellan ca n ɛicrin iseggusa zeg wami udem n Tmaziɣt ɣer usit-nnes. Zegga i ila ɣer-s udem n Teɛrabt d wenni n Tefransist.
Tenna tasentut-a aqqa twaggit n manaya, yus-d aked wass amaḍlan n yiles n tyemmat ittemqabalen aked wass n 21 Febrayer di mkul aseggas. Aɣemmis n Amaḍal Amaziɣ tuɣa lebda itteg Tmaziɣt deg ijjen niɣ tnayen n isebṭaren-nnes. Mani azgen ameqqran itteffeɣ-d s Teɛrabt. Udem amaynu n Tmaziɣt i yegga « Amaḍal Amaziɣ » yeggur ad yili s usekkil n Tfinaɣ. Ula d « La map .ma» la d nettat ɣer-s ijjen wudem n ineɣmisen s Tmaziɣt s usekkil n Tfinaɣ.


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Asmil (tasnudert)
Deg tesnudert, Asmil d yiwen n wedras amessarti deg tsensartut, yezga-d s ddaw n wadur d nnig n tfesna, tegber seg sin n yidrasen ifurkanen:
Dɣa irem n (Class) deg usesmel asnudran d win yettunefken daɣen i tigget tasertut (tamsartut) deg wesmil-nni, anda tamsartut tga d tigget tasuddsant deg tsensartut
Imazzagen n tsensartut d wid i d-ittakzen isegra d igburen n yal asmil. Dɣa deg waṭas n tikkal ur yettili ara umtawa yeddukklen anda imazzagen yemgaraden ttawin turdiwin (leṛyuy) yemgaraden acku ulac ilugan ufrinen ara ad yeǧǧen yal amazzag ad ten-yeṭfer deg tukza n wesmil, cwi kan yettili-d umtawa deg wayen yezzin ɣef yiɣersiwen yettwassnen anda i d-ittili umtawa deg turdiwin
Amsedfer azmugan n yismilenẒreg
Amedya seg tgelda taɣersawtẒreg
Amedya seg tgelda tamɣawtẒreg
Isekkilen ineggura i d-yettakzen asmil deg TlatintẒreg
Ismawen n yismilen yettfakka s usdfer -opsida ɣer Tuga, -phyceae ɣer adalen dɣa -mycetes ɣer igersalen.
I tgelda n uɣersiw, idfiren s ersen kan ddaw asertatu n afel-tawacult (ICZN amagrad 27.2).
Imedyaten :
- aɣersiw : Aves (Igṭaṭ), Mammalia (Timsuṭad), Reptilia (Timraradin), Actinopterygii (Tizenzercafin)
- amɣaw : Liliopsida (monocotylédones), Magnoliopsida (Tasnayyawin)
- agersal : Myxomycetes (myxomycètes), Acrasiomycetes (acrasiomycètes)
- adalen : Chlorophyceae (chlorophycées)
Isertuta nniḍen n tamessartutẒreg
Idrasen imessartiyen[2] yettusmersen deg tinnagrawt tamensayt i usesmel analluy n yimuddiren:
- Tagelda (Regnum)
- Adu-tgelda (Subregnum)
- Afurk (Ramus, « branch » s tanglizit)
- Adergeldaw (Infraregnum)
- Afel-adur neɣ afel-gzum (Superdivisio, Superphylum)
- Adur, agzum, Phylum (Divisio, Phylum)[3]
- ada-dur, Adu-gzum, Adu-phylum (Subdivisio, Subphylum)
- ader-adur (Infraphylum)
- Amikṛu-astirf (Microphylum)
- Afel-asmil (tasnudert)|Afel-asmil (Superclassis)
- Asmil (Classis)
- Adu-smil (Subclassis)
- adur-smil (Infraclassis)
- Afel-fesna (Superordo)
- Tafesna (Ordo)
- Adu-tfesna (Subordo)
- ader-fesna (Infraordo)
- imzik-tfesna (Microordo)
- Afel-tawacult (Superfamilia)
- Tawacult (Familia)
- Adu-tawacult (Subfamilia)
- Taɣreft (Tribus)
- Adu-ɣref (Subtribus)
- Tawsit (Genus)
- Adu-tewsit (Subgenus)
- Tigezmi (Sectio)
- Talmest (species)
- adu-talmest (subspecies)
- Irzi neɣ Tasemrirt (varietas) neɣ iri[4]
- adu-rzi (subvarietas) neɣ adu-tsemrirt
- talɣa (forma)
- Aadu-talɣa (subforma)
- ↑ Asesmel s unect n Systema Naturae 2000, ayen yemyagwin d usesmel n Wikipedia. Empty citation (help)
- ↑ S tasefsit tuzurant 7 Isertuta igejdanen, s tasefsit taṛumanit 5 isertuta ilemmasen, s tasefsit yeknan ismawen ilatiniyen.
- ↑ Deg tsensartut tamzikt, yal adur, yettwasemman adur g tsenɣersiwt neɣ agzum deg tesnimɣant, yettwakez s uglam azenzaɣ yettwasammen « aɣawas n ussudes ».
- ↑ Taxons s temsurta n azɣer' dɣa n adu-zɣer ur lan ara ismawen ussnanen (am iɣersiwen n wexxam).


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Ijjen waẓli ittudum-d, ittic-as i unerzaf ijjen tmuɣli tecna jar tisekla n umerẓi niɣ n tayda. Aked wanya n tesfifin n lebḥer di twalat d icten. Aked cek tettwalid iyerẓiẓen ttrakk°alen ɣer lmergeḥ-nnsen d nitni tteggwden zeg inni i d-yusin, d cek tettwlid iselman imeqqranen ttiraren deg wammas n lebḥer. D manaya i tzemmred ad teẓred deg usaray anamur n Lḥusima, i d-yusin x uɣelluy n ubilaj n Lḥusima s ca n ikilumiṭren. Di lwest n teqbilt n Ibeqquyen.
« Ttaseɣ-d ɣer wemkan-a lebda, ttbeddiɣ x tqiccet n wedrar, jar tisejjua n tayda. Xezzreɣ di tesfifin n lebḥer, axmi qqarent tiḥuja wer dasent-ifehhem ḥedd ɣir imezdaɣ ». Ca n wawalen yenna-ten Ḥmed, ijjen zeg inni izeddɣen Ayt Bufraḥ, i yennumen ittas-d kul simana ɣer usaray anamur n Lḥusima. Yettwaḥsaben zi tmeḥdayin tigamanin timeqqranun x cceṭṭ n lebḥer amerwasu di Arrif.
Asaray dag-s 48 alef n uhikṭar, zzag-s 19 alef n uhikṭar d lebḥer, dag-s abarru n markat n imudar d iselman. Mamec iyeddimen-nnes uɛlan s 747 imiṭrawen x tzeqqa n lebḥer. Asaray ibedda-d zeg weftas n Tala Yusef, x ccerq, ittakk°aḍ ar weftas n Cala iris. Zeddɣen dag-s ca n 15 alef n imezdaɣ, i yettɛicen s tarwesa n wulli, minzi amkan merra d idurar yeqseḥ ḥedd ad dag-s icrez ca, kkes zzag-s ɣir zzitun, tasliɣwa d tazart.
Asaray dag-s ɛawed ca n 60 n marka n yejḍaḍ, zzag-s buɛemran umi qqaren arrayes n lebḥar, ittɛic s ca n 16 n tyuya di jjihet-a. D waṭṭas n markrat n iselman akid-sen ula d iɣemmuyen. « Tayda n tmurt d tasebḥant, maca yettwaẓẓu s ufus n furisti ». Yeqqar Yeḥiya, ameksa iwweḍen settin iseggusa di buḥbel-nnes, iddren tudert-nnes amen tekmel jar tisejjura n wemkan-a ittadfen di teqbilt n Ibeqquyen. Yerni yenna ɛawed s usḥissef « tisejjua i ttuɣa da zic, wer yeqqim zzag-sen aṭṭas, ameknaw imerẓi, faḍis, ari d uzemmur ».
Zeg uɣezdis-nnes yettwala Ḥusam, ijjen ig izeddɣen di tegrawt n Arrwaḍi, i yudsen i usaray, belli din ijjen usinef yettḥada raq-a ajyugraf ɣer tella ijjen lhimmet d tameqqrant zeg uɣezdis awennaḍ, ademsan d usari. Manaya tthuddan x-as s tarwesa d tyerma tiɛeffanin, afraḍ i neṭṭaren amenni waha, merra manaya itthudda x usistim ayikuluji d umyanaw (diversité) abyuluji i zi tettwassen tmeḥḍiwt.
Asaray d ijjen wemkan ttasen-d ɣer-s aṭṭas n midden i ttexsen asari n idurar d lebḥer, maca amxumbel i din zzat-s, ibriden wer llin. « Maci ɣir d asaray waha, aqqa d jennet s nnej i tmurt ». D wa d awal i yenna Yunes, d netta ittas-d twalat tamezwarut-nnes ɣer-s zi Nnaḍur, yenna aqqa bnadem ixess uɣil ad d-yas ɣer imukan-a maca amxumbel n webrid.
Yerni yenna « waxxa tibridin qesḥent maca urid d amxumbel di tidet, minzi bnadem izemmer ad isseɛda lweqt d asebḥan, d netta yeggur x iḍaren ḥuma ad iẓer imukan-a istahllen, kulci ggwjen x ẓẓga n ṭṭumubinat, merra imukan i yettilin ggwjen x bnadem, ḥeṭṭan tuɛzaryet-nnsen ». i yenna beɛda netta.
Ɛebdellaṭif izeddɣen deg Ayt Bufraḥ, d wenni ittexsen aṭṭas ad d-yas ɣer usaray, d ticri jar tisecla-nnes, ittɛawad-aneɣ d netta izmummug : « tameḥḍiwt-a g-s aṭṭas n imudar, ameknaw ikeɛben, ilfan d wuccnan » irenni d netta issawal x uccnan « Tuɣa izzar-ayi ẓriɣ ijjen wuccen ca n 10 iseggusa zeg wami, maca wami dasent-nniɣ i ca n imeddukal wer uminen, minzi uccnan-a nqaḍan zi Lmuɣrib ».
Yerni Ɛebdellaṭif min ɣer tella ca n 63 iseggusa, yenna « aɣawas n Amuddu i d-iɛeddan x ttlibizyu, isewwer-d ca n setta iseggusa zeg wami uccen afrikan da, isewwer ca n tlata zzag-s, ittsemma amuder-a ɛad yella di Lmuɣrib, aqqa-t deg usaray anamur n Lḥusima »
Yura-t: Cafiq Ɛennuri
Tala: Bannasa


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Teqfer 120 n iseggusa zegga yemmut Friederich Nietzsche [tneṭṭeq: Fɣidɣic Nitcă]. Maca wer yeḥḍer i ccan das yettwaggen di ddunect. Ixarrisen‑nnes qayn ɛad sessawen iman n umaḍal ɣer assa!
« Nec urid d bnadem, nec d ddinamit« , Ammu yura Nietzsche di tbyugrafit‑nnes « Ecce Homo ». Wer yenni ɣir tidet, yessiɣ taftilt deg ixarrisen n zic n « Abendland » (Aliman). « Aṛebbi yemmut, d neccin i t‑yenɣin » ‑D ict zeg aṭṭas n tawalin, waxxa tqess. i zi yettwassen deg umezruy n tfulusufit.
Yeffeɣ‑dd ɣer tudert deg usegʷas n 1844 deg ijjen lkampu qqaren‑as « Röcken« , ilul deg ijjen taddart n glizya taprutistant. Awarn‑as yeɣra di Bonn x ddin, tatiyulujit tifangilit. Senni ibeddel ad iɣer « Old Philology » (Tussna n iles Alatini, Tagrikt taqdimt, d umezruy aseklan n Ugrik, d Arruman.). Yegga ijjen ubeddi di temdint n « Leipzig« , senni iraḥ ɣa « Basel ». Dinni terra tesdawit d aselmad n Tussna n tutlayt taklasikit, qbel ad yeqfel 25 n iseggusa. Maca taddut‑nnes wer tejji. Deg 1875 yesmaḥ di tesdawit, lesbab‑nnes d aṭṭan. Senni yemmutti ɣer tira, d Tfilasufut.
Aduqqez amzwaru yeggit s lektab‑nnes amzwaru « Die Geburt der Tragödie aus dem Geist der Musik » (1872) (Tlalit n uxeyyeq zeg iman n tmusiqt). Ttuɣa ɣer‑s 27 n iseggusa. Dinni yessemɣer aṭṭas zeg ufaylasuf Arthur Schopenhauer d ukumpunista Richard Wagner. Lami ttuɣa‑t di Leipzig, yemsagar akd Richard Wagner, yesbuhlyit weklasi ntmusiqt iteg.
Nietzsche yeqsaḥ deg Ukritik i ddin.
Di « tlalit n uxeyyeq » yessers‑dd cwayt n min immaren aɛeqqa n uxarres‑nnes. Di 100 n tefray, d 25 n izyegnan. Ifeṣṣel tiɣuriwin nnes x tussna tagrikit, tayri‑nnes i tmusiqt, Asemɣer zi Schopenhauer d d wudem ameḍlan n Wagner. Nietzsche yessers iwalen ullɣen x tikkest n ttiqet zeg Awalen d tira: « Nein, gerade Tatsachen gibt es nicht, nur Interpretationen. » [lla, Tidet wer telli, yella ufeṣṣel‑nnes waha. » Zi min yenna Nietzsche qa ssɣuran‑t assa di tesdawitin n umaḍal.
Artista n ddinamit, yekkes afray x tmasiḥit. Di tqiccit n Ukritik nettaf « Antichrist » (lmasiḥ ddejjal), mani Nietsche yemṣaḥ inedrifen n tmura n lɣerb marra ɣer Tmasiḥitm d tatiyulujit. Inni itefhamen di Nietsche, ttwalan belli ixessa wer t‑ittwili ḥed d leɛdu n tmasiḥit, ttwalan belli ittemseḥsab akd tmasiḥit ḥima ad t‑isellek. Dwa d axarres yebnan xef dsas. amen i dyusa deg uzgen aneggar n yizwel n wedlis nnes yettwasnen s Aɣelluy n lasnam: « Götzen-Dämmerung ‑ Oder Wie man mit dem Hammer philosophiert. » (Aɣelluy n lasnam, niɣ mamc ɣa tegged Tafelsafit s tefḍist).
Aṭṭas n waṭṭan
Zmmern ad yili uxarres‑nnes yweɛren d wenni id ixelqen lehlakat n daxel d arrimt dag‑s ttuɣa? Afaylasuf Nitzsche kkin xaf‑s iseggusa wer dag‑sen yeẓri lehna zi ccqiqet. Leḥriq n stumaɣu, rrni xaf‑s qrib ataf yeddarɣel deg ineggura n wussan‑nnes.
Ar mani yesqad aṭṭas n tebratin, iwyent ɣer ijjen klinika n tnefsect di « Basel », awarn‑as ɣa « Jena », lami yewweḍ 45 iseggusa, ileqfit ijjen lehlac n tnefsit yejja‑t wer izemmer ad yexdem. Yesseɛda min yeqqimen zi tudert‑nnes tkellef zzag‑s yemma‑s, awarn‑as ultmas, uca yemmut ass n 25 Ɣuct 1900. x 55 n iseggusa.
Ccan‑nnes deg iseggusa n 1890, wer dasen yeḥḍer. Dinni yemmerni weḍbaɛ n min yura, mamek mmernin yewḍan yeqqarn min yura. Ultmas d nettat ikellfen zi min yura, minzi d nettat waha it‑iwerten. Di tidet, cwayt lami wer watessin, cwayt s ɛemden, tessufeɣd ijjen tebridt waha n tira n uma‑s. Dinni i tessen tsekla tikkest n tqcurt tadelsant n Nietzsche. Tewca ccan i wedlis « Also Sprach Zarathustra » (Amya yessiwel Zaradact). Awarn‑as swiẓẓḍen inaziyen d ifacisten, Mussolini … ɣer iwalen n Nietzsche am « Herrenmensch » (Bnadem sid‑s), d « Wille zur macht » (ad texsed ad tḥekmed). Awarni amquṭṭes n inaziyyen, ttuɣa yettwaḥsab Nietzsche iwessex
Ccan Ameḍlan n imettan
Ttuɣa din ca n Ifilasufen deg Utalyan d Fransa, i yewcin werha i Nietzsche, Am « Jean‑Paul Sartre » d « Albert Camus ». Ɛad usin‑dd wussan swiẓẓḍen ɣer‑s imxarrsen am Jacques Derrida d « Gilles Deleuze ». « Im Bergwerk dieses Denkers ist jedes Metall zu finden » Giorgio Colli (1917-1979). (addrar yebna umxarras‑a, dag‑s mkul aklaṣi n lmeɛden)
Di min ɣa ysel wenni yeddren deg uliman x iressawen zi min yeqnen ɣer Nietzsche: « Wenn Du zum Weibe gehst, vergiss die Peitsche nicht » (Mala truḥed ɣer temɣert, wer tettu arekkuḍ) , Mana yemsaḥ ɣer‑s belli ikarh timɣarin. Maca awala ɛemmer‑s ma yenna‑t netta, yewyit‑id deg udlis n « Amya yessiwel Zaradact » yeggit x yiles n Ict temɣert temɣer. Tenna‑s i yartista: « Ad traḥed ɣer temɣarin? » tweṣṣat wer iettu arekkuḍ. Maca wer das tenni wi ɣa yewten, wi ɣa yetwawten.
Ɣer ɛawd:


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Taggayin n idammn
Bḍan idammn f kkuẓt taggayin, ar asnt nttini taggayin n idammn (s tanglizt: Blood Group) ad tnt igan:
- A
- B
- AB
- O
Ar mmaln iskkiln ad is illa nɣ d ur illi umgljin A d B, ganin anawn n uskkar, f tasna n tqlallayin tizuggaɣin. Iɣ illa umgljin A i waḍu nns hat taggayt A ay-gan idammn, iɣ illa umgljin B hat B, iɣ llan s sin hat AB iɣ ur illi ḥtta yan hat O.
Ur jju tallfus (tettmkin) tikki n idammn aylliɣ ttyafan imgljinen A d B, acku mr ur ttwassnen hat rad tg tikki n idammn min asuttu n taggayt amizi imqqurn.
Ku yat ɣ taggayin ad tbḍa f sin wanawen: tuzdirt (-) d tumnigt (+); ar tmmal tmatart ad is illa nɣ d ur ulli umgljin « Rh D » ɣ yan upṛutin n walmgmam n tqlallayin tizuggaɣin.
Ufkan[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iẓḍar bu taggayt O ad ifk idammn i ayt taggayin yaḍn s timmad nnsn mac ar tn ittamẓ ɣar dar bu taggayt O. Bu taggayt AB ntta ar tn ittamẓ dar taggayin akk mac ar tn yakka ɣar i ayt AB zund ntta. Bu taggayt A ar tn yakka i bu taggayt A d AB ar tn ittamẓ dar bu taggayt O d A, bu taggayt B ar tn yakka i bu taggayt B d AB ar tn ittamẓ dar bu taggayt O d B; S akinn, iɣ dark taggayt AB hat irxa ad taft idammn is dark O hat rad taft amukris ɣ tifi n idammn ak-d-yusan.
Iqqan-d ad nssn mas d ula «Rh D» ila tawuri ɣ tikki n idammn; bu wanaw Rh D- iẓḍar ad ifk idammn i bu wanaw Rh D+ mac tamgla ur tallfus, s unamk n wis ur iẓḍar bu Rh D+ ad ifk idammn i bu Rh D-;
S akinn, wanna dar tlla taggayt O- rad immrni umukris nns ɣ wad yaf mad as yakkan idammn ɣ unmgal n AB+ nna tn ittamẓn dar timmad;
Amukris wiss sin ar ittili dar timɣarin dar illa Rh D-, iɣ d-yiwi ṛebbi turuw yan warraw ilan Rh D+, hat ar tettfaras tsarut nns imglfkkiwn Rhésus. Imglfkkiwn ad rad gn amizi f kra n warraw, nna diɣ tattaru tmɣart ad, dar illa Rh D+, ar as-israg timuḍan imran nɣ akk lmut. Afad ad ur imsar umukris ad, ar tettuga i tmɣart mi gan idammn Rh D- yat tassmi ɣ illa umgal-D (l'anti-D) mac ad ur tzri 72 n tassaɛt ḍart tarwa f tugin n tassmi;
Iɣ tra tmɣart nnk ad taruw annay yak ur dars Rh D- ɣ idammn afad ad tsɣt tassmi ad iskarn attayn n 700 dh ɣ Lmɣrib, mac iɣ dark ḥtta kiyyi Rh D- hat ur illi umukris acku rad aha tettarwm arraw ayt Rh D-, donc imglfkkiwn Rhésus ur rad asn srgn ḥtta yan umukris i tarwa d-ikkan mnid.
Taflwit[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Amawal[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Amgljin = antigène
- Asuttu = déterminer
- Amizi = risque
- Almgmam = membrane
- Imglfkkiwn = anticorps
- Tettfaras = produire
Tiɣbula[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Ittyura umgrad anṣli s ifassn n id bu-tasna n Is tessned (Alink nns) ttuysbdaln gis kra n iwaliwn fad ayili s tclḥit.


text:
Tammurt twezzen 5,972 Trilyard n iṭunnen (21 n iziruten – 5.972.000.000.000.000.000.000 Tonnen), yeqsaḥ x uzellif-nneɣ ad ifhem nnumru-ya anict, suyenni a nessemqudda aked tmura-nniḍen deg ujenna.
- Ayur: 81 n iyyuren ad asen anict n Tmurt.
Merkur: yefsus cwayt x tmurt d mars d ubinus.
- Mars d ubinus: fsusen cwayt x tmurt, ad ggen 80% zi lmizan-nnes.
- Saturn, Uranus, d Neptun niɣ timura n igazen, deqlen aṭṭas x tmurt.
Jupiter: ad yegg 318 n Tmura, d netta ideqlen qaɛ deg usistim n tfukt.
- Tafukt: ad tegg 330000 n tmura.
Mamek ggin weznen tammurt?
Ddsas n lmizan n tmurt yegga-t Isaac Newton deg 1687, mani yessers lqanun n tnejbadt (Gravitation). Lqanun-a ittic tizemmar a newzen Tammurt s tazzla izi x-as dd-weṭṭan leḥwayej zi ca n luɛɛla. Maca leḥsab yessars Newton, ttuɣa yenqess-as warmeskil (constant) n tnejbadt, wer ɣer-s yiwiḍ.
Suyenni, ar mani d aseggʷas n 1797 yiweḍ Henry Cavendish ad yaf armskil-nni ttuɣa s-ineqsen i Newton. jjehd i zi ttnejbaden tnayen n yinaten ɣer waya uya. Deg uɛayar-nnes, icedd tnayen n tbulatin n lexfif deg-s 5 santimitru ɣer yexfawen n yij n ukeccuḍ deg-s 1,8 mitru. Akeccuḍ-a yugel-it zi lwest s ij n ufiru. Di ladas nsent yessers tnayn n tbulatin deg-sent 160kg, uca yewzen mamek ɣer-sent ttnejbadent tinni timeẓẓyanin.
Manayenni t-yessiwḍen ad yewzen armeskil n tnejbadt, x ddsas n Isaac Newton. Waxxa taɛayart nnes wer ttemquddi deg wemxubel aked tussnawin nniḍen, ttuɣa-tt tehwen. maca leḥsab i ɣa yiweḍ, yallah ifayar s 1% x yenneɣni.
Ineqqes lmizan n tmurt?
Lmizan n tmurt ɛlaḥal wer yettmerni wer ineqqes, Tammurt txessar 97.607 Ṭun mkul aseggʷas, maca trenni 16.160 Ṭun n lmeɛden d ca nniḍen. S manaya qqarn imussnawen tammurt tneqqes 81447 mkul aseggʷas. 0,000.000.000.014% zi min twezzen.
16.000 Ṭun ttmerni s isefḍawen
Mkul aseggʷas weṭṭan-dd 84.000 m isefḍawen x tmurt. Azgen ameqqran-nsen yallah iwezzen Gram. Jer-asen marra, inni iwezznen aṭṭas d yenni iwezznen drust, ttawyen-dd 16.000 Ṭun.
160 Ṭun n ubeddel n weklima.
Lehḥmu yemmernin di tmurt, itejja abeddel n yinirji, ad yerni inirji di lhawa (atmosphére), manayenni qqaren-as deg ufizik Thermodynamik, manayenni itejja inirji tettmarni bla ma tenqess. maca 160 waha deg useggʷas.
Tneqqes s uhidrujin d uhilyum.
Tanejbadt deg ujenna teḍɛef aṭṭas, di 500km n luɛɛla, yezded lhawa aṭṭas, iɣyayen (Molekul) wer tteṭṭfen deg waya uya,suyenni yettrakkwal mkul aseggʷas 95000 ṭun n uhidrujin.
Isaruxen d isatiliten sneqqasen lmizan n tmurt.
ra d fus n bnadem itteg min x-as. Isatiliten d isaruxen xedmen s umatryal yellan di Tmurt, wanita iteffeɣ ɣer uneggar tammurt. din inni yettɣiman ttwaḥsaben x tmurt, minzi qayen deg ujenna-nnes. Maca inni iteffɣen mkul aseggʷas, wezznen jar-asen 1.000.


text:
Yura-t: Khalid Bouyaala
Iles, d ijj n institution niɣ d ijj n lmu’essasa tesseggur tudert n wayduden, tettegg-asen igmiren akked wagduden-nneɣni; tettegg-iten kul agdud imsebḍa x wenneɣni. Agdud n Arruman d tarumanit i t-ibḍan x wegdud n Liɣriq…
Imaziɣen deg ijj n zzman imkken lla (ttuɣa) din ijj n yiles ismuna-ten, ttemsawaḍen zeg-s (imken lla, manaya ɛad wer t-nessin). Min nessen deg wakkud di nettedder niɣ di la synchronie, jer tmaziɣin i yellan, wer din bu wemsefham, kul agdud d tagzirt di tlemmast (lwesṭ) n yijj n lebḥer n yinni yessawalen taɛrabt.
Irifiyen d ijjen zeg yegduden imaziɣen, ijjen zeg inni i yettsemman awal-nsen tmaziɣt.
Umi i nzemmar a nsemma « tamaziɣt l’institution »« niɣ tamaziɣt lmu’essasa » ? (ssawaleɣ x tmaziɣt n Arif).
Neqqar-itt i yiles-nni i yetteggen agdud, i yessegguren tudert-nnes, i ybennan mamec ɣa ixemmem, mamec ɣa yegg igmiren akked yegduden-nneɣni. Mani i dd-ittban manaya ɣer irifiyen niɣ di Arif ? Irifiyen tegga zeg-sen tmaziɣt ijj n wegdud imsebḍa x waɛraben, imsebḍa x iseppunya mamec yemsebḍa ula x icelḥiyen.
Mindi ?
Arifi yessawalen tamaziɣt waha ɛemmers ad idder akked ijjen d aseppanyu niɣ d aɛrab minzi wer ttemsefhimen, wer zemren ad msemlaken, ad bnan ca n tudert akked wayyawya…arifi di tmurt-nnes, tamaziɣt tegga xa-s aɣil maḥend ad teqqim d iles-nnes, zeg-s i yessawal, zeg-s i yeqqar tiḥuja (tinfas), izlan… tejja-t ad ibna ijj n « mémoire collective » niɣ « dakira mucṭaraka » jer merra imezdaɣ irifiyen, tettwabna s lqaleb n yiles-a amaziɣ. Amya nettaf awal x Wenwal, Ddhar Uberran, Ɛebdekrim, Ameẓyan, Sidi Cɛayb Uneftaḥ, Lwalid Mimun, Tidrin…. Ittas-dd illa s yiles n tmaziɣt !!! Wer xa-s ssiwilen waɛraben, ula d iseppunya ula d icelḥiyen !!! d irifiyen weḥḥed-sen i zeg-sen ittacan, tteddren kid-s…
Maca mani i tennum tmaziɣt tetteddar ?
Tamaziɣt zi zik tettili di twizawin, deg izlan-nnes, di tḥuja-nnes, di tmegra-nnes, deg userwet-nnes, di tkerza-nnes, di tfellaḥt-nnes… di tudert umi nettsemma iḍ-a lkampu niɣ ddcurat.
Min iqqimen zi tzeddiɣt-a di tettedder tmaziɣt ?
Di tmurt-nneɣ, wer nessin umi qqaren tamdint zi ddcar, aqqaneɣ di ddcar maca netteddar s tenɛacin daneɣ-dd-ssekkan imenneɛraq-nneɣ, tiwizawin-nni, takerza-nni, izlan-nni… tenɣa-ten macina ; iḥenjiren-nni lla (ttuɣa) itteṭṭsen ɣer tḥuja, lla irezzun x tḥuja n temwafit, ittiraren akked wayyawya, iffeɣ-dd kid-sen ttilivizyu issawal taɛrabt, ggin-asen iččalluten, ggin-asen les Playstations, ggin-asen tividyutin, antirnit…..
Mani tella tmaziɣt di manaya ?
Qqaren imusnawen x imenneɛraq, ttweddaren iles-nsen x tlata n les génération « l’ajyal », ad tneḥseb d 90 iseggasen :
1- Génération tamezwarut i dd-yusin ɣer Fransa, ssawalen tamaziɣt weḥḥed-s;
2- Tarwa-nsen, ssawalen tafransist d tmaziɣt;
3- Tarwa n tarwa-nsen ssawalen tafransist waha.
Manaya nedwel nettwala-t ula di tmurt-nneɣ, minzi yemma-tneɣ lla (ttuɣa) ssawalent tamaziɣt waha, s uɣil xa-neɣ a nili d imaziɣen, maca iḍ-a manaya ittraḥ ittbeddil, nettwala ayetmatneɣ di Berkan (d l’exmple waha din ḥedd-nneɣni): ibabaten d tyemmatin ssawalen tamaziɣt d taɛrabt, tarwa-nsen ssawalen tamaziɣt waha.
Awal-inu d alaɣi i yayetma irifiyen ad rren taynit i tmaziɣt-nneɣ maci s tkessit ubandu n tmaziɣt x yiri waha maca s trezzut di tmaziɣt-nneɣ, s ubeɛɛed i taɛrabt, maci aqqa kerheɣ-tt, minzi d lvirus i yneqqen iles-nneɣ !!!


text:
Brahim Azeḥḥaf i yellan d mmis n Ayt Sɛid, iḍeffren tɣuri-nnes deg ijjen usinag n lexdayem n Sini di Werzazat. Yiwweḍ ad d-issufeɣ ijjen ddukumunṭir x umezruy d imxumbal n sini di Arrif.
Di ddukumunṭir-a i yegga Azeḥḥaf, issawal dag-s x beddu n sini Tarifiyt. Mamec dag-s issawal x xarebbi n ifilmawen ittwaggen s Tmaziɣt. Ixdem netta s larcif i yellan deg Internet.
Azeḥḥaf wer yettu ca ad iydar belli di Arrif wer dag-s bu ca n wexxam n sini. Mamec issiwel ula x lxedmet n Klup n Arrif i sini.
Brahim Azeḥḥaf i yellan d mmis n Ayt Sɛid, iḍeffren tɣuri-nnes deg ijjen usinag n lexdayem n Sini di Werzazat. Yiwweḍ ad d-issufeɣ ijjen ddukumunṭir x umezruy d imxumbal n sini di Arrif.


text:
Inezeggan
Inezeggan d yiwen iɣrem deg tama n iɣrem n Ugadir (12 km) i yellan di tasga n Sus-Mast g Umerruk . Inezeggan d almuggar (ssuq) n tsbbabt imqqeranen deg tasga-ya. Yiwen deg ilmuggarn lli baḥra ittwattas ufgan amaziɣ iɣ ira ad isaɣ kra n tɣawsa. Tasbbabt tella s tbḍit wala s ugudi. Zedɣen deg-s uggar n 112 753 n imezdaɣ s uṭṭunen n 2004.
Yiwen wass n asinas neɣ Tlaṭ ass amqqran n ssuq. Maca ammussu n tsbbabt illa bdda deg Inezggan azal ar tuẓẓumin n ḍi yid.
Tasbbabt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Ilmuggaren lli deg-s illa :
- Almuggar n ṭlaṭa ( imalas f imalas )
- Almuggar ameqqran n lxeḍrt (ass f wass)
- Almuggar ameẓyan (Marché) (ass f wass)
- Almuggar n imkraḍ (ass f wass)
Aksimen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Iksimen d yiwet n taqbilt tamzwarut lli iskaren (i yeggan) almuggar deg uzaɣar n Inezggan.


text:
Wer yettwassen ca isem n Sophie Scholl ɣer berra i Uliman, maca nettat tettwassen s waṭṭas di tmurt-nnes s tḥajit-nnes.
Deg uwikand-a i yeɛdan aṭṭas n midden ssemɣaran s wass n tlalit n Sophie wis miyya. Tmɣart i das-ibedden deg wudem i Hitler, aya tewca x-as tudert-nnes amen tekmel. Tḥajit-nnes tettwaɛawed deg waṭṭas n idlisen, timezgunin d ifilmawen. D tḥajit i zi ttaymen midden taryazt ar yiḍ-a. Sophie tlul deg useggas n 1921, deg ij n tmurt ttuɣa ittedder aṭṭas n ikrisisen. Maca netta tesseɛda temẓi-nnes di lehna.
Baba-s ttuɣa-t d amɣar n ubilaj n Forchtenberg deg yeffus-uɣelluj n tmurt Uliman, maca twacunt-nnes temmutti-dd ɣer temdint n Ulm. Temɣer Sophie d xemsa n aytma-s deg ij n twacunt d Talutrit d tamasiḥit, tessemɣara s izalen imasiḥiyen. Wami tiweḍ ad temɣer cwayt xenni i yeṭṭef Hitler leḥkam deg Uliman.
Wer dayi-yeqqar ila manaya x kurpa n tmurt-nneɣ
deg umezwaru, Hans (uma-s n Sophie) ttuɣa-t d ijjen zeg yinni i yettbeddan aked Ukabar anamur Asusyalist. Am waṭṭas n iḥudriyen Ilimaniyen. Hans yudef deg « umussu n iḥudriyen n Hilter » iḍeffaren i ukabar-a. Maca nettat tudef deg ij n umussu d acqiq-nnes « tɣuni n tḥenjirin Tilimaniyin ».
Baba-tsen ila wer iḥemmel Hitler, ddeg-a n twacit i ɣer-s ɣer baba-tsen, d twacunt-nnes yejja later-nnes dag-sen aked lweqt. Awmaten wami ttuɣa ɣer-sen ij n uselmed innurẓem ttuɣa wer zemmren ad raḥen aked tseyyasyt n Reich (rrayex) wis tlata. Zi senni rrin taynit i mamec ttuɣa ttemsurrufen Inaziyen aked imeddukal-nnsen udayen d inaẓuren. Xenni bdan xezzren ɣer leḥkam s ij n tiṭṭ nneḍni.
Zegga Hitler iḥewwes Poland, xenni safi ttuɣa mmuttyen ɣer uɣezdis nneḍni, aqqa-ten zeg inni i das-iqqaren « lla » i Hitler. Ttwasekken aṭṭas n iḥudriyen Ilimaniyen ɣer umenɣi. Tura Sophie i unubyu-nnes i ttuɣa ippulsen, Franz Hartnagel : « Wer fehhmeɣ mayemmi ca n yiwdan ttɣamaren s tudert n yenniḍen. Wer fhimeɣ ddegg-a ttwaliɣ-t d tibbuhliya. Wer dayi-yeqqar ila manaya x kurpa n tmurt-nneɣ ».
Teḍfar Sophie uma-s Hans di tesdawit n Munich. Tegga aṭṭas n tuddukliwin aked ijjen gruppu n iḥudriyen i yetterran taynit i tẓuriwin d yidles d tfelsaft. Teɣra Sophie manaya aked uɣezdis n tɣuri-nnes i Tebyulujit. Qqaren qa nettat txes ccḍiḥ, d liraret x upyanu, mamec ttuɣa i das-itteɛjib ad temsel di tilwiḥin.
Wer daneɣ-tettqqnem ca iqemmumen-nneɣ
Taseḍma n tnewwact tacemlalt ttuɣa dag-s setta n midden. D tenni d taseḍma i yegga Hans, uma-s n Sophie d umeddukel-nnes Alexander Schmorell. Tudef akid-sen ula d Sophie, aked Christoph Probst d Willi Graf d ijjen zeg iselmaden-nnsen qqaren-as Kurt Huber.
Ayt taseḍma-ya ssufɣen-dd abarru n tewriqin, bḍan-tent s temɛawant n ijjen tracca n imeddukal. Ddegg-a n tewriqin ttuɣa ttlaɣant Ilimaniyen ad bedden deg wudem n Inaziyen. Ad bedden deg wudem i tmenɣiwt n wudayen, mamec ttuɣa tettren ad sbedden amenɣi.
Uran deg ijen tewriqt zzag-sen : « Wer daneɣ tettqqnem ca iqemmumen-nneɣ. Neccin d imesli n wul, tanewwact tacemlalt wer kenniw-tejji ca di lehna ».
Taseḍma-ya tessufeɣ-d tawriqt tis setta di beddu n useggas n 1943.
Yus-d dag-s : « Yeggur ad reddjen isem n Uliman i lebda mala wer kkren iḥudriyen Ilimaniyen ad rren lḥarr ad beddlen aya. Ad iḥekk iɛeffanen ad bnan ij n Uruppa d tanimant n jjdid ».
D ta d tawriqt tameggarut i d-ssufɣen.
Di 18 Febrayer zi 1943, Hans d Sophie Scholl tuɣa beṭṭan tiwriqin-nni di tesdawit.
Ḥedd wer yessin mayemmi tgeɛɛed Sophie ɣer iṭaj ittsajjan x lemraḥ ameqqran n tesdawit. Mani i d-tenḍar aṭṭas n tewriqin, imken ttuɣa txes aṭṭas n imeḥḍaren i ɣa iẓren twiriqin-nni nnsen. Aked wami tiwriqin weṭṭan-id ɣer tmurt, yeẓr-itt ijjen zeg ixeddamen, iɛelm-asen i Gestapo (apulis asertan n ddewla tanazit).
Ṭṭfen Sophie d Hans, uca ḥekmen x-asen s tmenɣiwet, ugin ad feḍḥen imeddukal-nnsen nniḍen. Maca Inaziyen ttuɣa ḍeffren-ten, wami ɛdan ca n wayyuren, nɣin-ten s kulci.
Deg wass i di yexsen ad ten-nɣen, tenna Sophie i ttuɣa iɛelmen yalleh 21 iseggusa :
« Ij n wass isummer yecna, nec ixess-ayi ad ugureɣ… Ha qaɛ mmuteɣ ? Aqa nesfaqq-d luluf bdan ttenhezzan ».
Tiwalin-a, d taryazt n Sophie, ɛad Ilimaniyen ttɛeffaren zzag-sen ar wass-a. Ttwasemman ssekwailat d izubaq s yisem-nnes d isem n uma-s. Inniḍen, xeyyqen minzi ayt n « tnewwact tacemlalt » wer dasen-wcin ca aya n usemɣar.
Isem-nnes sxeddamen-tt aṭṭas di tseyyas Ijjen ukabar d afusi zeg uliman qqaren-as: « Alternative für Deutschland » (AfD) nnan : « Sophie Scholl, mli tedder tili tbedd akid-neɣ ». Di ca n ibedditen kunṭra i ubelleɛ n Kuruna di Hanover. Ijjen tḥudrit zzag-sen tenḍu-dd, tegga ixef-nnes axmi s Sophie Scholl.
Ɣer ɛawed : Merra min tzemmred ad tessned x Uhulukust


text:
@ipshel
xsseɣ ad lemdeɣ aprugrami maca wer ssineY man tutlayt /lluɣa i Ya yexdareY. ḥedd yeqqar-ayi lmed HTML, ḥedd Java. Neccin assa ad ak‑nini maYar ixessak at tabdid s C.
C [ssi] d ijen tutlayt n uprogrami i dd‑ydeḥren deg ussegʷass n 1972 x uffus n Dennis Ritchie. C tussa‑dd ḥima ad zzag‑s xedmen ca n iprugramen i ttuYa ḥdajen gi Uniks (Unix d ijjen usistem ussexdem. Cnaw Windows, Android…). Senni tedwel C nettat i zi tteprugraman isistimen ussexdem i dd‑yusin awarni Unix. Linux d Windows NT
Maca ittYima ussaqsi. Mayemi ɣa lemdeɣ nec C?
1. C d ijen tutlayt tamelwasut.
Qbel i C, tuttlayin n uprugrami ttuYa-tent qesḥent a dasent yafḥem bnadem « Low-level ». sminzi ttwaxedment i macina kter min ttwaxedment i bnadem. u lweqt-a i di nella Yer‑neY attas n tutlayin « High-Level » . iyellan tqarreb Yer wawal n bnadem kter zi wawal n macina. suyni C tussa‑dd jer‑asent. ifehmas bnedem, iffehem la min tetteg macina.
2. Wer tzemmared at tebnid axxam bla dssas.
Hima ad tlemded Java niY C++ ameni mɛayna waha, teqqseh. maca mala tebdid s C marra tutlayin neYnit a dac‑dd‑assent yehwen array nsent. C nettat d ddsas n uprugrami. almad ness isseḥwan xak almad n ca neYnit.
3. C tefsuss.
Xmi i dd‑nettas Ya umhizwar n tutlayin n uprugrami. lebda nettat C tettilli zi tmezwura di lista. maca xmi nessawal x lefsasset. wer din la d ict tefsuss x C.
4. C ttella, mani mma.
Wer din bu ca n macina electronik wer texdim s C. Nnibira i Yer‑k di kuzina. ttilifun i Yer‑k deg uffus. Ṭṭumubin i tnedhed. D ca nneɣni ɛad. Marra tina hima ad tent‑teprugramid. Yeɛya ma ad trewled, ac‑teḍfer ac‑teḍfer C. sminzi xmi nttaweḍ ɣer iliktrunik (Electronic). wer din hed izzemmar-as i C.
C d yemma‑tsent n tutlayin n uprgurami. wer ttiffed mana xir zeg uḥssin ness.
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text:
naḍeḥVB [naḍeḥ]
errer, vagabonder; pérorer, parler
Flexions naḍeḥtnuḍḥeḍ tnuḍḥemt ttnaḍaḥ yettnaḍaḥ naḍḥet tettnaḍaḥemt tnaḍeḥ naḍḥent nnuḍeḥ inaḍḥen ttnaḍaḥeɣ nettnaḍaḥ tnaḍḥeḍ yettnaḍaḥen tnaḍḥemt inuḍeḥ nuḍḥen ttnaḍaḥet ittnaḍaḥ naḍḥemt ttnaḍaḥen nnaḍeḥ nuḍḥeɣ tnuḍḥem inuḍḥen tettnaḍaḥeḍ naḍeḥ tettnaḍaḥem ittnaḍaḥen inaḍeḥ naḍḥen tnuḍeḥ nuḍḥent ttnaḍaḥemt tettnaḍaḥ naḍḥeɣ ttnaḍaḥent tnaḍḥem
Sources naḍeḥ
- J.-M. Dallet, Dictionnaire Kabyle-Français (parler des At Mengellat Algérie) , Selaf Paris, 1982