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Nitroglycerin bụ otu n'ime nitrate otu (ester nke nitric acid na glycerol). Ruo ogologo oge, a kwenyere na omume ya na-adabere na mmụba nke ọbara ọgbụgba n'ihi kpọmkwem myotropic coronary dilating action. Otú ọ dị, catheterization nke sinus nke akwara obi na ndị ọrịa nwere angina gosiri na nchịkwa sublingual nke nitroglycerin fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ime ka ọbara na-erugharị ọbara dị elu, ọ bụ ezie na nnukwu arịa na-agbasa. Otú ọ dị, nitroglycerin, nke a na-enye ozugbo n'ime akwara akwara nke aka ekpe, n'ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa na-amụba ọbara ọgbụgba nke akwara obi, ma ọ dịghị ewepụ angina na-akpata mmega ahụ. Ntinye nitroglycerin na-esote n'ime akwara nyere mmetụta achọrọ. Site na data ndị a ọ na-esote na mmetụta antianginal nke nitroglycerin na-ejikọta ya na mmetụta extracardiac ya. Isi ihe kpatara mkpochapụ ọgụ nke angina pectoris bụ mbelata nke venous na arterial pressure na nitroglycerin na, yabụ, mbelata nke nlọghachi venous na iguzogide nrugharị ọbara na, n'ihi nke a, mbelata tupu na mgbe ibu. obi. N'aka nke ya, nke a na-eduga n'ịbelata ọrụ nke obi na mkpa ya maka oxygen. N'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị a, ọkwa dị ugbu a nke inye ọbara na ikuku oxygen na-aghọ nke zuru oke ma wepụ ọnọdụ hypoxia. Dabere na mmetụta nke arịa ndị ahụ na nitroglycerin, a na-ahazi ha n'usoro a: veins> arterioles> arterioles na sphincters capillary. N'ihe gbasara usoro izu ike nke akwara dị nro, nitroglycerin egosila na ọ na-eme ihe n'otu aka ahụ na ihe ntụrụndụ endothelial (NO). N'ime ahụ, a na-ahapụ nitric oxide site na nitroglycerin (na nitrates ndị ọzọ), site na nke a na-emepụta S-nitrosothiols. Ngwakọta ndị a na-arụ ọrụ cytosolic guanylate cyclase soluble. Nke ikpeazụ na-ebute mbelata nke ọdịnaya nke ion Ca2 + cytosolic efu, nke na-eduga na izu ike nke akwara dị nro. Nitroglycerin na-eme ka ọbara na-enye aka na mpaghara ischemic nke myocardium. Nke a bụ n'ihi ọtụtụ mmetụta. Ya mere, mbelata nke esemokwu diastolic nke mgbidi ventricular na-eme ka ọbara na-enye aka na akụkụ subendocardial nke myocardium. Mgbasawanye nke nnukwu arịa akwara na-arụ ọrụ dị mma. Karịsịa mma bụ mgbasawanye ha na saịtị nke mgbachi. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a chọpụtara na nitroglycerin na-eme ka mgbasa ozi dịkwuo mma, ma na-egbochikwa njikọ dị n'etiti ntụgharị uche nke na-eme ka mbelata nke arịa akwara. Nke ikpeazụ na-ebute mbelata nke ọdịnaya nke ion Ca2 + cytosolic efu, nke na-eduga na izu ike nke akwara dị nro. Nitroglycerin na-eme ka ọbara na-enye aka na mpaghara ischemic nke myocardium. Nke a bụ n'ihi ọtụtụ mmetụta. Ya mere, mbelata nke esemokwu diastolic nke mgbidi ventricular na-eme ka ọbara na-enye aka na akụkụ subendocardial nke myocardium. Mgbasawanye nke nnukwu arịa akwara na-arụ ọrụ dị mma. Karịsịa mma bụ mgbasawanye ha na saịtị nke mgbachi. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a chọpụtara na nitroglycerin na-eme ka mgbasa ozi dịkwuo mma, ma na-egbochikwa njikọ dị n'etiti ntụgharị uche nke na-eme ka mbelata nke arịa akwara. Nke ikpeazụ na-ebute mbelata nke ọdịnaya nke ion Ca2 + cytosolic efu, nke na-eduga na izu ike nke akwara dị nro. Nitroglycerin na-eme ka ọbara na-enye aka na mpaghara ischemic nke myocardium. Nke a bụ n'ihi ọtụtụ mmetụta. Ya mere, mbelata nke esemokwu diastolic nke mgbidi ventricular na-eme ka ọbara na-enye aka na akụkụ subendocardial nke myocardium. Mgbasawanye nke nnukwu arịa akwara na-arụ ọrụ dị mma. Karịsịa mma bụ mgbasawanye ha na saịtị nke mgbachi. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a chọpụtara na nitroglycerin na-eme ka mgbasa ozi dịkwuo mma, ma na-egbochikwa njikọ dị n'etiti ntụgharị uche nke na-eme ka mbelata nke arịa akwara. Nke a bụ n'ihi ọtụtụ mmetụta. Ya mere, mbelata nke esemokwu diastolic nke mgbidi ventricular na-eme ka ọbara na-enye aka na akụkụ subendocardial nke myocardium. Mgbasawanye nke nnukwu arịa akwara na-arụ ọrụ dị mma. Karịsịa mma bụ mgbasawanye ha na saịtị nke mgbachi. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a chọpụtara na nitroglycerin na-eme ka mgbasa ozi dịkwuo mma, ma na-egbochikwa njikọ dị n'etiti ntụgharị uche nke na-eme ka mbelata nke arịa akwara. Nke a bụ n'ihi ọtụtụ mmetụta. Ya mere, mbelata nke esemokwu diastolic nke mgbidi ventricular na-eme ka ọbara na-enye aka na akụkụ subendocardial nke myocardium. Mgbasawanye nke nnukwu arịa akwara na-arụ ọrụ dị mma. Karịsịa mma bụ mgbasawanye ha na saịtị nke mgbachi. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a chọpụtara na nitroglycerin na-eme ka mgbasa ozi dịkwuo mma, ma na-egbochikwa njikọ dị n'etiti ntụgharị uche nke na-eme ka mbelata nke arịa akwara.
C01DA Organic nitrates
Nitrates, ma ọ bụ nitrovasodilators (NVD), bụ otu ọgwụ (PM) nwere akụrụngwa vasodilating na iche na nhazi kemịkal. A na-ejikọta ha site na usoro a na-ejikarị eme ihe: n'ihi mgbanwe kemịkalụ mgbagwoju anya, nitrates na-agbanwe ghọọ nitric oxide (NO), ihe bụ ihe analog nke ihe a na-akpọ endothelial-based relaxing factor. Ọ DỊGHỊ na-eme ka guanylate cyclase rụọ ọrụ, na-eme ka e guzobe cyclic guanosine monophosphate, nke nwere ike ime ka mkpụrụ ndụ akwara dị nro dị nro.
Site na oke vasodilating mmetụta, nitrates nwere ike ime ka dizziness, adịghị ike, na ọgbụgbọ. Site na mbelata ọbara mgbali elu, ọnọdụ collaptoid nwere ike ime. N'okwu nke ikpeazụ, onye ọrịa kwesịrị ibu ụzọ tọgbọrọ ya, ekwesịrị inye ụkwụ ya elu. Usoro a na-ebelata mmetụta vasodilating nke nitrates na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mgbe niile na-eduga ná mmụba na ọnọdụ ahụ. Ndakpọ na nzaghachi maka oriri nitrate na-emekarị na ndị ọrịa na-ebubughị nitrates, ma ọ bụ n'ọnọdụ ebe ndị ọrịa nwere ogologo ezumike na ịṅụ nitrates. N'ọnọdụ ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe, ọgwụ nwere ike ịkpata methemoglobinemia, mana mmetụta a ga-ekwe omume naanị mgbe ejiri ya na doses okpukpu iri karịa nke ọgwụgwọ.
Ụzọ bụ isi nke igbochi mmepe nke ndidi na nitrates bụ nchịkwa oge ha:
Ọtụtụ contraindications na nhọpụta nke nitrates bụ ikwu. Ekwesịrị iji nlezianya mee ihe na ndị nwere ọbara mgbali elu, Otú ọ dị, na ndị ọrịa nwere hemodynamics kwụsiri ike, ọ dịghị oke ọbara mgbali elu n'okpuru nke a na-apụghị ịkọwapụta nitrates. N'ime ndị ọrịa nwere ọnọdụ hemodynamics na-akwụghị ọtọ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, nwere infarction myocardial, mgbagwoju anya site na ujo cardiogenic, nnukwu ọdịda ventricular aka ekpe, wdg. ekwesịrị iji nlezianya na-eji ọgwụ eme ihe. A machibidoro iji nitrates mee ihe ma ọ bụrụ na mmụba intracranial na-abawanye, ọbara ọgbụgba n'ụbụrụ, yana nwekwara ike ime ka ọnọdụ ndị ọrịa nwere nnukwu valvụ mitral prolapse dịkwuo njọ ma na-abawanye ogo regurgitation n'ime ha. Na hypertrophic cardiomyopathy obstructive, ojiji nke nitrates nwere ike ịbawanye ogo nke ihe mgbochi ma mee ka ọnọdụ ndị ọrịa dịkwuo njọ,
- Nhọpụta nke nitrates n'ụzọ dị otú ahụ na-emepụta mmetụta na ehihie (ya bụ, mgbe ndị ọrịa nwere ike exertional angina nwere mkpa maka ọgwụ ọjọọ) ma ghara ịmepụta mmetụta n'abalị (mgbe ọ dịghị mkpa maka ọgwụ na ndị ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa). angina kwụsiri ike).
Ịnagide nitrates nwere ike ịmalite ngwa ngwa mgbe ụfọdụ, n'ime ụbọchị ma ọ bụ ọbụna awa. A na-ahụ nke a n'ọnọdụ ebe a na-edobe otu ịta ọgwụ ọjọọ ruo ogologo oge. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe mgbe na nchịkwa intravenous nke nitrates na ngalaba nlekọta kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ, ihe ịrịba ama mbụ nke ike ọgwụgwụ nke mmetụta na-apụta ugbua 10-12 awa mgbe mmalite nchịkwa. Ihe riri ahụ na nitrates nwere ike gbanwee, ma mgbe a kwụsịrị ọgwụ ahụ, a na-eweghachikarị uche na ya n'ime ụbọchị ole na ole. Ọ bụrụ na ntinye nke nitrate n'ime ọbara na-agbanwe n'ụbọchị na oge a na-emepụta n'oge nke nitrate na-anọghị n'ime ahụ ma ọ bụ dị na obere ntinye uche (a na-akpọ oge a oge na-adịghị na nitrate), mgbe ahụ n'oge. N'oge a, mmetụta nke nitrate nwere oge iji gbakee, na ebe obibi adịghị etolite ma ọ bụ na-eto eto ruo ntakịrị. E gosiputara na ọ bụrụ na n'ụbọchị, oge na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke nitrate bụ awa 6-8, mgbe ahụ ihe ize ndụ nke ịmalite ịṅụ ọgwụ ọjọọ dị ntakịrị. Ụkpụrụ nke igbochi mmepe nke nitrates riri ahụ dabeere na ụkpụrụ a - usoro nke ha na-eji oge.
Usoro n'ozuzu nke nitrates bụ nhazi nke NO n'ime ahụ, nke na-ekpebi ọrụ ọgwụ nke ọgwụ. Otú ọ dị, enwere ike ịhụ ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama na ịdị irè n'etiti ọgwụ dị iche iche dị na otu a, nke bụ n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe kpatara ya.
- Na mgbakwunye na nitrate, nye iwu ọgwụ ọzọ nke nwere ikike ime ka ọrụ nitrates nwee ike. Enwere ike nweta nke a site n'ịdepụta ndị a na-akpọ ndị na-enye onyinye nke SH-groups (onye nnọchiteanya kachasị mfe bụ methionine) ma ọ bụ ACE inhibitors - captopril, enalapril, wdg.
Mgbe ị na-eji nitrates, a na-ahụ vasodilation (karịsịa arịa nke akwa venous), nke na-eduga na ntinye ọbara na veins na mbelata nke a na-akpọ preload na obi, yana mbelata njedebe diastolic mgbali. na ventricle aka ekpe na mbelata nke ikuku oxygen myocardial. Nke a na-akọwa ọnụnọ nke anti-ischemic na mgbochi anginal mmetụta na NVD na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa obi obi (CHD). Ụfọdụ ọrụ na-arụ na omume a bụ mmetụta NVD na-agbasa ozugbo na akwara akwara. Mmetụta vasodilating nke NVD na-akọwa irè ha na ndị ọrịa nwere nkụchi obi.
- Kagbuo nitrate ma nye ya ọgwụ antianginal nwere usoro omume dị iche (ọ bụghị nke otu NVD). Ekwesịrị ịkwụsị nitrate nke nta nke nta (n'ime ụbọchị 2-3, ka ọ ghara ịkpata ọrịa nkwụsị. Ọ ga-eburu n'uche na nhọpụta nke otu nitrate kama nke ọzọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọgwụ ID ma ọ bụ IMN kama ọgwụ NG). ) enweghị ike idozi nsogbu ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na ịṅụ ọgwụ ọjọọ na-emepụta ọgwụ niile dị n'ìgwè a. Mgbe ụbọchị ole na ole nke nkwụsịtụ, a na-eweghachikarị mmetụta nke nitrates, enwere ike ịde ya ọzọ, ma n'ụzọ dị otú a iji belata ihe ize ndụ nke ịṅụ ọgwụ ọjọọ na opekempe. .
Nke mbụ, bioavailability (ya bụ, izu oke nke ntinye ọgwụ na-abanye na mgbasa ozi sistemu) nke nkwadebe NVD dị iche iche na ụdị usoro onunu dị iche iche dị iche iche.
Ná nkezi, riri ahụ na nitrates bụ ndị ọzọ akpọ, ogologo na mgbe niile nọgidere na-enwe ịta nke ọgwụ ọjọọ n'ime ọbara. Ya mere, mgbe ị na-eji ụdị ọgwụgwọ transdermal nke nitrates na-edobe mkpokọta ọgwụ otu ụbọchị niile, ihe iri ahụ nwere ike ịmalite ngwa ngwa. A na-ahụkwa otu ọnọdụ ahụ mgbe ị na-agbalị ịnweta mmetụta nitrate na-adịgide adịgide n'ụbọchị niile mgbe ị na-ewere ụdị usoro ọgwụgwọ nke obere oge ma ọ bụ nitrates na-eme ogologo oge ọtụtụ ugboro n'ụbọchị.
Ojiji nke nitrates na angina na-adabere ozugbo na klas ọrụ ya. Site na angina pectoris I FC, mgbe mwakpo na-eme amụma, yana oke mgbatị ahụ, ọ dịghị mkpa maka ọgwụgwọ mgbe niile. Kenye nitrates na-eme mkpụmkpụ tupu ihe omume ndị nwere ike ibute ọgụ angina, bụ isi tupu mgbatị ahụ. Maka nke a, ụdị aerosol NG na ID dị ezigbo mma, na-enwe mmetụta ngwa ngwa, akpọpụta na obere mkpụmkpụ.
Mmetụta mmetụta nke nitrates na-ejikọta ya na ikike ha nwere ime ka vasodilation. Ọtụtụ mgbe ha na-egosipụta site na isi ọwụwa, mgbe ụfọdụ ọ na-esiwanye ike. Na nri mbụ nke nitrates, isi ọwụwa na-apụta n'ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa, na-eri ya mgbe niile na-apụ n'anya kpamkpam ma ọ bụ ike ya na-ebelata nke ukwuu. Otú ọ dị, na ụfọdụ ndị ọrịa, na-eji nitrates eme ihe mgbe nile, ike isi ọwụwa adịghị ebelata (dịka iwu, ndị ọrịa dị otú ahụ nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmerụ isi); N'ọnọdụ ndị a, a ga-ahapụrịrị oriri nitrates.
- Jiri nwayọ mụbaa dose nke ọgwụ. Dị ka a na-achị, ịba ụba nke nitrate na-enyere aka iweghachi mmetụta ahụ. Otú ọ dị, nke a na-edugakarị na mmepe nke ịṅụ ọgwụ ọjọọ na mmụba mmanye na dose nke ọgwụ mgbe obere oge gasịrị.
Ọ bụrụ na ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịtụle ịdị irè nke ọgwụgwọ na ọgwụ antianginal site na iji ule mmega ahụ, a na-atụ aro ka iji usoro nyocha na-apụtaghị ìhè. Ọgwụ nitrates dị irè na nkezi na-ebute mbelata nke ọbara mgbali systolic (SBP) na izu ike site na 15-25 mm Hg. Art. Ọ bụrụ na SBP na-ebelata ka ọ dị ntakịrị, mgbe ahụ mmetụta nke ọgwụ na-abụkarị ezughị oke, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị ukwuu, mgbe ahụ, ihe ize ndụ nke mmetụta na-abawanye. N'ịtụle SBP tupu ị were ọgwụ ahụ, ọ dị mkpa ịmegharị otu usoro ahụ n'oge a na-atụ anya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ ya (mgbe ejiri ụdị usoro ọgwụgwọ ogologo oge, ọ na-emekarị mgbe awa 2-3 gachara) ma nyochaa ịdị njọ nke ọgwụ ahụ. mmetụta.
N'okpuru riri ahụ, ma ọ bụ ndidi, anyị na-aghọta ike ọgwụgwụ nke mmetụta ọgwụ ọjọọ na-eji mgbe niile. Ogo mmepe nke nitrates riri ahụ dịgasị iche iche na ndị ọrịa dị iche iche. Yabụ, site na iji mbadamba ụrọ nke isosorbide dinitrate (nitrosorbide) 10-20 mg 4 r / ụbọchị maka otu ọnwa, enweghị mmetụta zuru oke na-apụta na 10-15% nke ndị ọrịa nwere angina pectoris kwụsiri ike (mmepe nke ahụ riri ahụ zuru oke). Na 60-70% nke ndị ọrịa, mmetụta nke ọgwụ na-ebelata nke ukwuu, mana ọ na-anọgide na-ahụ maka ahụike (mmepe nke riri ahụ). Na 10-15% nke ndị ọrịa, mmetụta nke ọgwụ na-anọgide na-agbanweghị (ọ dịghị riri ahụ).
Nke atọ, usoro nke NO guzobe na ngwa nke dị iche iche HPD dị iche. Ya mere, a chọrọ ọnụnọ nke otu sulfhydryl (SH-groups) maka ịmepụta NO mgbe ị na-eji ID, IMN, na NG. Site na oriri nitrates mgbe niile, ihe nchekwa nke otu SH na-ebelata, n'ihi nke mmetụta ọgwụ nwere ike ịda mbà. Nke a bụ otu (ma ọ bụghị naanị) usoro maka mmepe nke nitrate ndidi. Maka nhazi nke NO mgbe ị na-eji molsidomine, ọnụnọ nke SH-groups adịghị mkpa, ya mere, mmepe nke ndidi na ọgwụ a nwere ike ọ gaghị adị ka a na-akpọ nitrates organic.
Site na angina pectoris IV FC, a na-achọ nri nitrates mgbe niile iji hụ na mmetụta ọ na-enwe kwa ụbọchị. Maka nke a, ọ kachasị mma ịkọwa nitrates nke ọrụ ogologo oge 2 r / ụbọchị - n'ụtụtụ na mgbede. Ekwesịrị ịgbaso otu ụkpụrụ nke idepụta nitrates ma ọ bụrụ na angina adịghị akwụsi ike.
N'ime nitrates organic, a na-eji ọgwụ atọ eme ihe ugbu a na ụlọ ọgwụ: nitroglycerin (NG), isosorbide dinitrate (ID), na isosorbide mononitrate (IMN), nke bụ metabolite eke nke ID.
Iji weghachi uche na nitrates, ị ga-:
- Ojiji nke ọgwụ ọjọọ bụ episodic, naanị n'ọnọdụ ebe onye ọrịa nwere mkpa maka ha. Maka ndị ọrịa nwere angina kwụsiri ike, usoro a gụnyere iji ọgwụ eme ihe ozugbo tupu ọnọdụ ndị nwere ike ibute ọgụ, ọkachasị tupu mgbatị ahụ a na-atụ anya ya. A na-akpọ usoro a na-ewere nitrates sporadic. Ọ dị mma ma dị irè naanị maka ndị ọrịa nwere angina dị nro (Klas ọrụ I ma ọ bụ II - FC). Maka iji nitrates eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ, ọgwụ ndị na-enye ngwa ngwa, nke a na-akpọ na obere mmetụta, dị ka ụdị sublingual ma ọ bụ buccal doses, dị nnọọ mma. Aerosols nke NG na ID dị mma maka ebumnuche ndị a.
Mgbe ị na-edepụta nitrates nye ndị ọrịa nwere angina pectoris kwụsiri ike, enwere mmụba na ndidi mmega ahụ, mbelata ugboro ole ọgụ angina, yana mbelata mkpa NG iji kwụsị ọgụ angina. Ọ ka mma ịjụ ọrụ nke nitrates (yana ọgwụ ndị ọzọ na-egbochi anginal) site na iji ule na-emega ahụ na igwe na-agba ọsọ ma ọ bụ ergometer igwe. Nnwale dị otú ahụ, nke a na-eme megide ndabere nke omume nke ọgwụ nitrates dị irè, na-ekpughe mmụba nke ogologo oge nke ibu na ọrụ a na-arụ n'oge ya, yana mbelata ihe ịrịba ama nke ischemia myocardial.
Site na angina pectoris II FC, a na-edekwa nitrates tupu mgbatị ahụ echere n'ụdị usoro onunu ogwu na-adị mkpụmkpụ. Agbanyeghị, ọ bụrụ na ndị ọrịa dị otú ahụ na-emega ahụ nke ọma nke ọma, ọgụ angina na-emekarị. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, ọ ka mma ịnye ọgwụ ndị na-eme ogologo oge na-adị ogologo oge na nke dị ogologo oge maka oge dum nke mmega ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na ọgụ angina na-eme naanị mgbe ị na-eje ije ma ghara ime oge fọdụrụnụ, mgbe ahụ, ọ bụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya ịkọwapụta nitrates ogologo oge ogologo oge na ọkara otu awa tupu ịpụ.
Iri ụfọdụ ọgwụ n'otu oge yana nitrates nwere ike inye aka gbochie mmepe nke riri ahụ. Ndị na-egbochi ACE, ndị na-enye ndị otu SH, diuretics nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị otú ahụ.
Nke abuo, mmetụta nke NVD na-adabere ọ bụghị nanị na ntinye ọgwụ n'ime ọbara, kamakwa na ọnụego mgbanwe ya. Ya mere, usoro onunu ogwu nke NVD, nke na-enye mmụba dị ukwuu na ntinye ọgwụ n'ime ọbara (dịka ọmụmaatụ, mbadamba NG maka ịre n'okpuru ire na ikuku), n'ihe banyere ịdị njọ nke mmetụta, dị elu karịa ụdị usoro onunu ogwu. nke na-enye mmụba nwayọọ nwayọọ na ntinye ọgwụ n'ime ọbara (ihe atụ kpochapụrụ bụ ihe a na-akpọ transdermal doseji ụdị nitrates).
A na-egosi ojiji nke nitrates maka glaucoma mepere emepe, ebe ọ bụ na ha nwere ike ibelata nrụgide intraocular. Site na glaucoma na-emechi akụkụ, nitrates anaghị emetụta nrụgide intraocular, Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị ụdị ọrịa a, a pụghị iwere ha dị ka contraindicated.
Ogo isi ọwụwa, n'ụkpụrụ, anaghị adabere n'ụdị ọgwụ sitere na otu nitrate. Otú ọ dị, o doro anya na e nwere ụfọdụ ndabere nke isi ọwụwa na usoro onunu ogwu eji - ịdị njọ nke isi ọwụwa na iji isosorbide dinitrate nke ọkara oge (nitrosorbide), nke e nyere 3 r / ụbọchị, dị nnọọ ukwuu karịa iji isosorbide mononitrate. nke ogologo oge (olicard), nke enyere 1 r / ụbọchị.
Nitroglycerin na-agbasakwa arịa ụbụrụ, akụkụ ahụ dị n'ime, na retina. N'ịbụ onye antispasmodic nke myotropic edinam, ọ na-ebelata ụda nke ire ụtọ mọzụlụ nke esịtidem akụkụ (digestive tract, bronchioles, wdg). N'ime mmetụta ndị na-adịghị mma, ọ nwere ike ime ka tachycardia reflex (mmeghachi omume na-akwụ ụgwọ nke metụtara mbelata ọbara mgbali), isi ọwụwa, dizziness. A na-akpọpụta ihe ndị a karịsịa mgbe usoro ọgwụgwọ mbụ gasịrị. Ike isi ọwụwa na-ebelata ma ọ kwụsịkwa ime. A na-eji nitrates agwọ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụdị ọrịa akwara obi niile. Ọnụnọ nke akpọrọ antianginal na ọrụ antiischemic na-eme ka o kwe omume iji ọgwụ ndị a nke ọma maka mgbochi na enyemaka nke ọgụ angina na ndị ọrịa nwere angina pectoris kwụsiri ike. Mgbe a na-ewere ha, mmega ahụ na-abawanye nke ukwuu. na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọgụ angina. N'ozuzu, mmetụta antianginal nke nitrates na angina kwụsiri ike dị ka ịdị irè nke ọgwụ antianginal nke otu ndị ọzọ (calcium antagonists, B-blockers). Otú ọ dị, ekwesịrị iburu n'obi na ịdị irè nke nitrates na angina pectoris na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na nke ọgwụ, na ụdị dose na usoro onunu ogwu, nakwa na atụmatụ nke ojiji. A na-ejikwa nitrates dị ka ọgwụ antianginal na-agwọ ọrịa angina pectoris na-adịghị akwụsi ike, vasospastic angina pectoris. N'ụdị usoro onunu ogwu, a na-enyekarị nitrates maka nnukwu ọrịa myocardial infarction (MI). N'ozuzu, mmetụta antianginal nke nitrates na angina kwụsiri ike dị ka ịdị irè nke ọgwụ antianginal nke otu ndị ọzọ (calcium antagonists, B-blockers). Otú ọ dị, ekwesịrị iburu n'obi na ịdị irè nke nitrates na angina pectoris na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na nke ọgwụ, na ụdị dose na usoro onunu ogwu, nakwa na atụmatụ nke ojiji. A na-ejikwa nitrates dị ka ọgwụ antianginal na-agwọ ọrịa angina pectoris na-adịghị akwụsi ike, vasospastic angina pectoris. N'ụdị usoro onunu ogwu, a na-enyekarị nitrates maka nnukwu ọrịa myocardial infarction (MI). N'ozuzu, mmetụta antianginal nke nitrates na angina kwụsiri ike dị ka ịdị irè nke ọgwụ antianginal nke otu ndị ọzọ (calcium antagonists, B-blockers). Otú ọ dị, ekwesịrị iburu n'obi na ịdị irè nke nitrates na angina pectoris na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na nke ọgwụ, na ụdị dose na usoro onunu ogwu, nakwa na atụmatụ nke ojiji. A na-ejikwa nitrates dị ka ọgwụ antianginal na-agwọ ọrịa angina pectoris na-adịghị akwụsi ike, vasospastic angina pectoris. N'ụdị usoro onunu ogwu, a na-enyekarị nitrates maka nnukwu ọrịa myocardial infarction (MI). yana site na atụmatụ nke ngwa ya. A na-ejikwa nitrates dị ka ọgwụ antianginal na-agwọ ọrịa angina pectoris na-adịghị akwụsi ike, vasospastic angina pectoris. N'ụdị usoro onunu ogwu, a na-enyekarị nitrates maka nnukwu ọrịa myocardial infarction (MI). yana site na atụmatụ nke ngwa ya. A na-ejikwa nitrates dị ka ọgwụ antianginal na-agwọ ọrịa angina pectoris na-adịghị akwụsi ike, vasospastic angina pectoris. N'ụdị usoro onunu ogwu, a na-enyekarị nitrates maka nnukwu ọrịa myocardial infarction (MI).
Site na angina pectoris III FC, ekwesịrị ịdepụta nitrates n'ụzọ iji hụ na a na-eme ọgwụ n'ụbọchị. Maka nke a, nitrates na-eme ogologo oge na-adaba adaba, na-enye mmetụta na-adịgide adịgide ruo awa 10-12, nke na-adịgide n'ime oge niile nke mmega ahụ.
A. Nitroglycerin otu: sublingual - mbadamba nkume NG; mmanya nitroglycerin ngwọta; Votchala tụlee (nwere nitroglycerin na menthol na ha mejupụtara); ịgba - Nitrospray, wdg.
Enwere ike kewaa ha n'ime ndị zuru oke: hypersensitivity na nitrates, hypotension arterial siri ike, hypovolemia, ọdịda ventricular aka ekpe na obere LV end-diastolic mgbali, constrictive pericarditis, hemorrhagic stroke (ruo ọnwa 6); na ndị ikwu: orthostatic arterial hypotension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy na mwepu traktị na-apụ apụ, stenosis siri ike nke aortic orifice ma ọ bụ aka ekpe atrioventricular orifice, ụba intracranial mgbali, encephalopathy, glaucoma-mmechi glaucoma na elu intraocular mgbali, anaemia. 0.25-1.0 min / 1-2 h
dị mkpa
40-240 mg / ụbọchị
0.4 mg (inhalation otu)
Na nnukwu myocardial infarction ma ọ bụ nnukwu aka ekpe ventricular ọdịda, a na-ewere Isoket-spray naanị n'okpuru nchịkwa ọbara mgbali, ọnụọgụ obi na n'okpuru nlekọta ahụike. Na mmalite nke 1-3 doses na etiti oge nke 30 sekọnd, ọ bụrụ na enweghị mmetụta n'ime nkeji 10 - mgbakwunye ọzọ (naanị n'okpuru nlekọta ahụike).
Dị ka oge ọrụ si dị, a na-ekewa nitrates n'ime nkwadebe (mbadamba, aerosols) nke obere ihe (ruo 1 awa); Mbadamba ụrọ nkịtị nke ọrụ ogologo oge na-agafeghị oke (site na awa 1 ruo 6) na mbadamba pụrụ iche, capsules, yana patches na nitroglycerin nke ọrụ ogologo oge (site na awa 6 ruo 16).
Nitrocore
Na antianginal mmetụta nke nitrates na IHD, ike dilating mmetụta na akwara obi arịa na hemodynamic mgbanwe na-eme n'ihi ntụrụndụ nke dum usoro nke peripheral arịa, gụnyere dilatation nke capacitive veins, na-ekere òkè, nke mbụ niile. Ihe a niile na-eduga na mbelata nke systolic ikpeazụ na nrụgide distolic na ventricle ekpe (LV); Mgbochi akwara dị n'akụkụ na-ebelata, nke na-ebelata ibu LV na njupụta ya, ma na-eme ka ọbara na-erugharị na myocardial subendocardial, nke na-enwe mmetụta nke ischemia. Nitrates na-akpata vasodilation nke arterioles na veins, nke na-etolite ntọala maka mmụba mgbaàmà nke angina exertional n'ihi ọrụ nke ọgwụ ndị a na-arụ ọrụ, nitric oxide (NO), na site na ibelata ibu ibu [9, 10].
Aspirin nwere ike belata isi ọwụwa, ma ọ pụkwara iduga n'ịkwụsị ọgwụgwọ na ọbụna ịjụ ịṅụ nitrates.
Isosorbide mononitrate
8. Kryzhanovsky S.A., Vititnova M.B. Ọgwụ maka ọgwụgwọ ọrịa obi obi (isi, ụlọ ọgwụ na ọgwụ na-egosi na-egosi). nkuzi 2, akụkụ 1. Organic nitrates na ọnọdụ ha na ọgwụ ọgwụ nke ọrịa obi obi. Onye na-agwọ ọrịa, 2011, 3: 38-54 .
20 mg
5. Kimch A, Amsterdam E et al. Mmụba mmega ahụ na-abawanye mgbe ịgbasa ọnụ nitroglycerin: usoro ọgwụgwọ ọhụrụ na mgbe emechara na angina pectoris. Mgbasa, 1983, 67:124-127 .
Mmekọrịta ọgwụ nke nitrates. N'ụzọ bụ isi, ha bụ pharmacodynamic na okike, ha na-agụnye ịba ụba nke vasodilation nke ndị na-emegide calcium kpatara (nifedipine, amlodipine, felodipine, wdg), ndị na-egbochi ACE.
40-120 mg
usoro nke ime ihe na pharmacological mmetụta
14. Lupanov V.P. Nitrates. N'akwụkwọ:. Rational pharmacotherapy nke ọrịa obi: ntuziaka maka ndị ọkachamara. Compendium n'okpuru gen. ed. E.I. Chazova, Yu.A. Karpov. Ederede nke abụọ. ziri ezi na mgbakwunye M.: Litterra, 2015, isi 10: 106-122 .
Efox ogologo
15 min / 4-6 h
20-80 mg / ụbọchị
0.3-1.5 mg sublingually maka ọgụ angina 1.25-3.75 mg sublingually.
Ndị ọrịa nwere angina pectoris II FC kwụsiri ike (ya na ọgụ angina pectoris na-adịghị adịkarị na obere oge nke ischemia myocardial n'oge ehihie) nwere ike inye obere nitrates tupu ọnọdụ ndị nwere ike ibute ọgụ angina. Tinyere ụdị mmetụta dị mkpirikpi, enwere ike iji ụdị ihe eme ogologo oge dị ogologo.
Tebụl 2. Ụdị ọgwụ nke organic nitrates na akwadoro doses
Nitroglycerin
15 min / 8 h
Monocinque
Ndị ọrịa na-arụ ọrụ nke klas I (FC). Mwakpo nke angina pectoris na-adịkarị obere ma na-enwe nnukwu ibu, dị ka a na-achị, ọ dịghị mkpa ịṅụ ọgwụ antianginal mgbe niile. A na-enye nitrates naanị obere oge n'ụdị usoro onunu ogwu nke na-enye nsonaazụ ngwa ngwa na nke akpọpụtara: mbadamba, capsules, NT na ID aerosols. Ekwesịrị iwere ụdị ndị dị otú ahụ 5-10 nkeji tupu mgbatị ahụ a na-atụ anya ya, nke na-ebutekarị ọgụ nke angina pectoris.
1. Murrell W. Nitro-glycerine dị ka ihe ngwọta maka angina pectoris. Lancet, 1879; 1:80-81.
Kaadị 40, 60,120
9. Munzel T, Steven S, Daiber A. Organic nitrates: melite na usoro n'okpuru vasodilation, ndidi na endothelial dysfunction. Vascul Pharmacol, 2014, 63 (3): 105-113.
Nitrates nwere ikike naanị igbochi na ịkwụsị ọgụ angina na ọ naghị emetụta usoro IHD n'onwe ya ( egosipụtabeghị mmetụta nitrates na prognosis nke ndị ọrịa nwere IHD). Ya mere, ndị ọrịa nwere IHD, na mgbakwunye na nitrates, kwesịrị ịṅụ ọtụtụ ọgwụ ndị ọzọ: b-blockers, statins, aspirin, IHD inhibitors.
Isosorbide dinitrate n'ụdị ịgba (Isoket-spray) maka ịgbasa na mucosa ọnụ, n'elu ime ntì na-eji nke ọma kwụsị ọgụ angina tupu nrụgide anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nke mmetụta uche, nke na-ebutekarị angina pectoris [12]. Iji mee nke a, ịkwesịrị ịgbanye ikuku aerosol n'ọnụ gị ma jide ume gị. Ọgwụ dị na vials iko 15 ml nwere 300 doses nke 1.25 mg ID. Ọ bụrụ na mgbe ịgba ọgwụ mbụ ahụ gasịrị, ọgụ mgbu na-aga n'ihu, mgbe ahụ, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịmegharị ntụtụ ahụ na nkeji 30 otu ugboro ma ọ bụ ugboro abụọ ka ị na-ejide ume. Ọ bụrụ na ọgụ mgbu ahụ, nke ụdị ọgụ angina, na-aga n'ihu, mgbe ahụ ị nwere ike ikwugharị injection nke aerosol na nkeji nke 30 sekọnd otu ugboro ma ọ bụ abụọ ọzọ ka ị na-ejide ume gị.
Tebụl 3. Nitrates na ọgwụ ndị dị ka nitrate na angina kwụsiri ike
Ọnụnọ nke ọgụ angina na enweghị contraindications bụ ihe ngosi maka nhọpụta nke nitrates. N'ụzọ dị mwute, nitrates na-eji na-emeso angina pectoris enweghị ike kpamkpam gwọọ ọrịa, ma ha na-agbanwe physiological ọnọdụ na myocardium na ukwuu ikwado ọrụ nke ọrịa obi.
10-30
Ekwesiri iburu n'uche na mgbe ị na-ewere nitrates na ụdị phosphodiesterase ụdị 5 inhibitors (PDE-5) (sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil, wdg), edepụtara n'ihe metụtara erectile dysfunction ma ọ bụ maka ọgwụgwọ ọbara mgbali elu nke akpa ume, hypotension arterial na-achịkwaghị achịkwa na ọdịdị ahụ. Myocardial ischemia n'ihi mbelata nke ukwuu na-erugharị ọbara na akwara akwara stenotic. Sildenafil na-ebelata ọbara mgbali site na 8.4/5.5 mm Hg. Art. na ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ mgbe a na-ejikọta ya na nitrates. N'ihe banyere nchịkwa n'amaghị ama nke nchikota PDE-5 inhibitor na nitrate, ụgbọ ihe mberede nwere ike ịchọ a-adrenergic agonists ma ọ bụ ọbụna norepinephrine. E kwesịghị iji a1-adrenergic blockers (prazosin) na-enye nitrates. N'ime ụmụ nwoke nwere ọrịa prostate, na-ewere tamsulosin (ihe mgbochi nke a1A- na a1B-adrenergic receptors), nitrates nwere ike inye iwu. Site na ịkpachara anya, ekwesịrị ịdepụta nitrates nye ndị ọrịa nwere oke regurgitation mitral.
3. Abrams J. Otu esi eji nitrates. Ọgwụgwọ Cardiovasc Ther, 2002, 16 (6): 511-514.
Denitration + nhazi glucuronide
2. Thadani U, Lipicky RJ. Nitrates ọnụ dị mkpụmkpụ na nke na-adị ogologo oge maka angina pectoris kwụsiri ike. Ọgwụgwọ Cardiovasc Ther, 1994, 8 (4): 611-623.
Olikard retard
50-70 l / min
30-80
(ọnụ ọnụ)
B. Isosorbide dinitrate otu: Isoket spray na ndị ọzọ
Pektrol
egosi maka ojiji nke isosorbide dinitrate spray: enyemaka nke angina ọgụ, mgbochi nke angina ọgụ, nnukwu myocardial infarction, nnukwu myocardial infarction. ọdịda ventricular aka ekpe.
N'ime ndị ọrịa nwere angina pectoris mgbe myocardial infarction gasịrị, a na-ejikarị nitrates na ndị na-egbochi ACE, nke na-egbochi mmepe nke ndidi.
Kaadị 20 Na-
egosi
Ogologo oge ọrụ
12. Silber S. Nitrates: gịnị kpatara na olee otu a ga-esi jiri ha mee ihe taa? Ọnọdụ ugbu a nke uru ụlọ ọgwụ nke nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide -5-mononitrate. Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 1990, 38 (1): 35-51.
8 mg 1-2 r / ụbọchị.
Enwere ike iji nitrates
n'ụdị aerosols dị ka ndị isi antianginal na ndị ọrịa nwere angina dị nro (I-II FC). Iji Isoket-spray n'ụdị aerosol na-enye gị ohere ịme ngwa ngwa mmalite nke ihe na-arụ ọrụ ma belata oge iji belata ọgụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere mbadamba sublingual.
Uzo esi ewepu
otu dose nke
Iso Mac retard
Unstable angina (UA) . A na-ewere iji nitrates na NS dị ka usoro ọgwụgwọ a na-anabatakarị. Ntinye nke NG n'ime ala n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ na-akwụsị nke ọma ma gbochie angina ezumike.
Dị ka achọrọ
Ọnụnọ nke a na-akpọ antianginal na antiischemic edinam na-enye ohere ịga nke ọma ojiji nke mkpụmkpụ-eme Isoket-spray nitrate maka mgbochi na enyemaka nke angina ọgụ na ndị ọrịa na-kwụsi ike na akwara obi ọrịa. Mgbe ị na-eji Isoket-spray, nnabata onye ọrịa na-emega ahụ na-abawanye nke ukwuu, ọnụ ọgụgụ ọgụ angina na-ebelata, na ndụ ndụ na-akawanye mma.
Usoro bioavailability nke sistemu,%
I. nitrates organic na-eme mkpụmkpụ maka enyemaka nke ọgụ angina:
Pharmacokinetics
Nitroglycerin (mbadamba sublingual, capsules)
6. Olbinskaya L.I., Sizova Zh.M., Ushakova A.V. Ntụle arụmọrụ, nchekwa, mmetụta cardiohemodynamic nke isosorbide dinitrate aerosol na mbadamba nitroglycerin sublingual. Ter. akwụkwọ akụkọ, 1998, 3: 69-72 .
Isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ọnụ)
100
7. Blizzard V.I. Akwụkwọ ntuziaka ụlọ ọgwụ ọgwụ nke ọgwụ obi. M., LLC "Ụlọ Ọrụ Ozi ahụike", 2005: 198-203.
10-40 mg
Mgbe ị na-edepụta ọgwụ na usoro hemodynamic nke omume, karịsịa nitrates, na ndị agadi agadi, ekwesịrị ịhụ iwu ndị a: malite ọgwụgwọ na obere doses, jiri nlezianya nyochaa mmetụta ndị na-adịghị mma, na-atụle mgbe niile ịgbanwe ọgwụ ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na anabataghị ya nke ọma ma ghara ịdị irè. .
Dilasidome retard
20-30
dị ala
Enweghị
isi mmalite: Council Medical, No. 8, 2015
5–10 min/1-2 h
0.11 l/min
Nitrospray nitrates
na-eji n'ụdị dị iche iche nke ọrịa obi:
Ọgwụ, ụdị usoro onunu ogwu
4-12 mg / ụbọchị
Isosorbide dinitrate (mbadamba sublingual)
Ugbu a, a na-eji ọgwụ atọ nke otu a: nitroglycerin (NG), isosorbide dinitrate (ID) na isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ISM), nke bụ eke. metabolite nke ID.
Monocinque retard
2 ma ọ bụ 3 ugboro n'ụbọchị
Long-eme
1-3 sprays n'ime ọnụ (dose 1.25 ID)
Isiokwu na-atụle na nkà mmụta ọgwụ nke nitrates na ebe ha na mgbagwoju ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa obi obi. E gosipụtara usoro omume nke nitrates organic, ọkachasị nfe dị mkpụmkpụ nke isosorbide dinitrate (ID). A na-enyocha ihe ngosi na contraindications maka ojiji ya n'ụdị dị iche iche nke IHD.
Otu ugboro
n'ụbọchị
Corvaton, Sidnopharm
Dilasidome
Nitrates na-eme mkpụmkpụ maka enyemaka nke ọgụ angina . Onye na-anọchite anya otu nitrates organic a bụ nitroglycerin .. Ọgwụ ahụ nwere mmetụta antispasmodic myotropic ma na-eme ka uru ahụ nke arịa akwara dị jụụ ozugbo. A na-arụ ọrụ ụfọdụ na nke a site na mmetụta mgbochi etiti na ụda ọmịiko. Mmetụta antianginal nke NG bụkwa n'ihi nhazigharị nke hemodynamics jikọtara ya na mmetụta izugbe na arịa ọbara, izu ike nke uru ahụ dị nro nke arịa dị n'akụkụ, karịsịa na mgbatị vein. N'okpuru mmetụta nke NG, venous ọbara na-eruba n'obi na-ebelata, nrụgide na atrium ziri ezi, usoro akwara pulmonary na-ebelata, na mgbochi vaskụla mpụta na-ebelatakwa. Mwepu myocardial na-apụtakwa, esemokwu ya na nguzogide nchụpụ ọbara na-ebelata, ọchịchọ oxygen myocardial na ụgwọ ike na-ebelata. Site na mbelata ischemia, mkpali mgbu sitere na nlebara anya nke ischemic na-apụ n'anya nke nta nke nta ma ọrịa mgbu kwụsị. Ọ bụ ikike nke NG ịkwụsị ọgụ angina ma gbochie ihe omume ha na-eme ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ọgwụgwọ ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa akwara obi [11].
1.5–2 min/10–30 min
0–10
6.4 mg
1, 2, 3, and 5 mg
40–120 mg/ day
intravenous ID infusion (isoket 0.1%) dị irè na NS karịa ọgwụ ọnụ.
Maka ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị na nitrates, ọ dị mkpa ịmata kpọmkwem nchoputa, detuo ọnụnọ nke myocardial ischemia na angina pectoris dị ka ngosipụta ya, ma guzobe atụmatụ nke ọnọdụ ya [4, 7].
dị obere ihe dịka 60 min / 10-12 h N'oge ọgwụgwọ nitrate ,
mmanya nwere ike ịkpasu ma ọ bụ mee ka ọbara mgbali elu dịkwuo elu. ịbanye n'ime ahụ, a na-amata nitrates, na-etinye ya na akpụkpọ anụ mucous nke ọnụ ma ọ bụ n'ime eriri afọ, maka iji akpụkpọ anụ na eriri afọ ( Table 1) .
). Site usoro onunu ogwu ụdị: mbadamba, capsules, sprays, ointments, patches, ngwọta, wdg The ala systemic bioavailability nke NG mgbe a na-ewere ọnụ na n'otu oge ahụ ezi absorption site akpụkpọ na mucous membranes nke NG capsules na-akọwa ihe mere na-adịbeghị anya depot- (ma ọ bụ retard-) mbadamba NG ma ọ bụ capsules.
1.25 mg (inhalation otu)
ugboro abụọ n'ụbọchị
Mmetụta na-eme ka o sie ike iji nitrates (isi ọwụwa, palpitations, dizziness) nke reflex sinus tachycardia na-eme na nitrates na-eme mkpụmkpụ. Hypotension bụ nke kacha njọ na isi ọwụwa bụ mmetụta dị na nitrates na-emekarị.
Iso Mak 20 Nitrosorbide
11. Mazur N.A. Ọrụ nke nitrates na ọgwụgwọ ndị ọrịa obi dịka ụkpụrụ nke ọgwụ na-egosi na-egosi na ndụmọdụ maka ngwa ha bara uru. Ọrịa obi, 2005, 8: 92-96 .
Mbadamba ụrọ nke nitroglycerin ogologo oge (ọnụ)
ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa chọrọ ka nitrates mee naanị maka obere oge (nke a metụtara ndị ọrịa nwere angina pectoris nke 1st ma ọ bụ nke abụọ na-arụ ọrụ nke klaasị), mgbe ha na-enye onwe ha oke nrụgide (dịka ọmụmaatụ, gaa ọrụ ma ọ bụ ọrụ). site na ọrụ). Ọ bụ maka ndị ọrịa dị otú ahụ ka ụdị aerosol nke nitrates dị mma.
Site na angina pectoris IV FC (mgbe ọgụ angina nwere ike ime n'abalị), ekwesịrị inye nitrates n'ụzọ iji hụ na ọ na-emetụta ụbọchị dum. Iji mee nke a, ọ ka mma ịnye nitrates ogologo oge 2 r / ụbọchị n'ụtụtụ na mgbede. Ebe ọ bụ na ọgụ angina nwekwara ike ime n'abalị, a ga-edepụta nitrates iji hụ na mmetụta ha na-eme gburugburu elekere, na, dịka iwu, yana ọgwụ ndị ọzọ antianginal, bụ isi na b-blockers.
Ọgwụ mbụ maka ọgwụgwọ angina pectoris bụ nitrates - ọgwụ sitere na otu nitrovasodilators. N'afọ 1879, Dr. W. Murrell bipụtara n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Bekee "Lancet" nsonaazụ nke iji 1% mmanya ngwọta nitroglycerin iji kwụsị ọgụ angina na igbochi ha tupu mgbatị ahụ [1]. Ruo ọbịbịa nke b-blockers na calcium channel blockers (calcium antagonists), nitrates bụ nanị ndị nnọchiteanya nke antianginal na ngwa agha nke dọkịta obi. N'agbanyeghị ọgwụ ndị ọzọ dị irè na-apụta n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, nitrates ka na-anọ n'ọnọdụ siri ike na ọgwụgwọ ndị ọrịa nwere ụdị ọgwụgwọ dị iche iche nke ọrịa akwara obi [2-4].
Isiokwu 1. Pharmacokinetic parameters nke atọ isi organic nitrates
B. Isosorbide-5-mononitrate otu: Mono Mac; Efoks na ndị ọzọ.
Isosorbide 5- na 2- mononitrates
Plasma ọkara ndụ
ndị ọrịa nwere angina pectoris III-IV FC siri ike (na ọgụ nke angina pectoris ugboro ugboro na ngosipụta nke ischemia myocardial na-enweghị mgbu n'ehihie na n'abalị) kwesịrị inye ọgwụ nitrates mgbe niile; na ndị ọrịa dị otú ahụ, ọ dị mkpa ịgbalịsi ike ịnọgide na-enwe mmetụta n'ụbọchị. Maka nke a, nitrates na-eme ogologo oge dị mma, na-enye mmetụta na-adịgide adịgide 10-12 awa.
Isosorbide dinitrate (Isoket) na-efe efe. Otu dose nke ngwọta ọgwụ nwere 1.25 mg nke ISDN. Mgbe ịgbasa na mucosa ọnụ, mmetụta ahụ na-apụta mgbe nkeji 1-3 ga-adịru 90-120 nkeji. Otu esi eji: weta Isoket-spray nso n'ọnụ gị, jide karama ahụ kwụ ọtọ. Were ume miri emi, kupụ ume. Na-esote - fesa dose 1 (pịa sprayer) n'ime ọnụ (nke a nwere ike ime ka ire ọkụ dị ntakịrị). Mgbe ị were 1 dose, mechie ọnụ gị ma kuo ume n'imi maka 30 sekọnd. Oge ọ bụla ị pịa sprayer, a ga-efesa nha nha nha nke ihe ngwọta n'ụdị obere mmiri. Ọgwụ ahụ na-abanye ngwa ngwa site na akpụkpọ anụ mucous nke ọnụ wee banye n'ọbara n'ime ihe nke sekọnd. Isoket-spray enweghị freon, ọ dịghị njọ na gburugburu ebe obibi. Uru ọzọ bụ nghọta nke karama ahụ, nke na-enye gị ohere ịhụ mkpa ọ dị maka nnọchi n'oge.
Monosan
Isosorbide-5-mononitrate ogologo oge (ọnụ)
Kardiket-spray
dị ala
40-90 min
Sapropterin bụ ihe na-emekọ ihe na njikọ nke nitric oxide. A na-atụ aro ka ị kpachara anya n'otu oge iji sapropterin nwere ọgwụ na vasodilators niile, nke a na-ejikọta ya na nitric oxide (NO), gụnyere NO na-enye onyinye - nitroglycerin, IDN, IMN, wdg.
Isosorbide dinitrate
6.5-13 mg 2-4 r / ụbọchị
Nhazi nke nitrates organic [8]:
75
4. Aronov D.M., Lupanov V.P. Ojiji dị iche iche nke nitrates na ọrịa obi na-adabere n'ụdị na ogo ọrịa ahụ. Ọrịa obi, 2006, 1: 74-82 .
Nhazi nke nitrates nke oge a sitere na usoro ọgwụ ha (organic nitrates, sydnonimines), oge nke ime ihe (obere ime, ogologo oge, ogologo oge). A na-emepụta nitrates n'ụdị ọgwụ dị iche iche (maka intravenous, oral, transdermal, buccal Administration), nke na-agbasawanye ohere nke ojiji ha ma n'ọnọdụ siri ike nke ọrịa obi na ọnọdụ mberede.
13. Thadani U. Ihe ịma aka na ọgwụgwọ nitrate na ntachi obi nitrate: mgbasawanye, mgbochi, na akwụkwọ akụkọ gbasara ahụike. Amer J Cardiovasc Ọgwụ, 2014, 14 (4): 287-301.
A na-egosi Pharmacodynamics nke nitrates na tebụl 3 .
10. Lupanov V.P. Nitrates. Ntuziaka maka ọrịa obi na mpịakọta anọ. Ed. acad. Chazova E.I. Ed. " Omume", 2014, 4: 688-703 .
Ihe na-arụ ọrụ
40-120 mg / ụbọchị
(efere buccal na goms)
mmalite/oge ọrụ
Isoket-spray ejiriwo nke ọma na-agwọ ụdị ọrịa dị iche iche nke ọrịa obi. Ọ nwere mmetụta antianginal akpọpụtara, ma ọ bụrụ na a na-enye ya n'ụzọ zuru oke, ma na-eme ka ndụ ndị ọrịa dịkwuo mma nke angina na-egbochi mmega ahụ nke ukwuu.
Ịnagide nitrates na-adabere na usoro ọgwụ na oge ọgwụgwọ, ọ na-ebelata irè ọgwụgwọ ma gbasaa ọ bụghị naanị na mmetụta antianginal na hemodynamic, kamakwa na mmetụta antiaggregation. Enwere ike igbochi ndidi (riri ahụ) dị ka otu n'ime nsogbu ndị nwere ike igbochi site n'ịgbanwe usoro onunu na oge nchịkwa, yana site na iji ọgwụ na-ewepụta ngwa ngwa. Ebe obibi bụ ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ọ bụrụ na nitrate na-apụ n'ahụ, mgbe ahụ, a na-eweghachite uche na ya ngwa ngwa. Ọ pụtakwara na ọ bụrụ na a na-edepụta nitrates na-eme ogologo oge ọ bụghị mgbe niile, mana n'ụzọ dị otú a na n'ụbọchị a na-emepụta oge (awa 7-10) mgbe ọgwụ ahụ adịghị n'ime ahụ, mgbe ahụ, ịṅụ ọgwụ ọjọọ na ha adịghị etolite. ma ọ bụ na-etolite ruo n'ókè dị nta karịa n'ọnọdụ ndị ahụ mgbe a na-ewere ha na-aga n'ihu.
Ihe mgbagwoju anya nke nitrates na-eme ogologo oge bụ mmebi nke nkwụsị nke endothelial na-akawanye njọ, ya mere a na-emekarị omume nke iwu iwu nitrates ogologo oge dị ka ọgwụ ndị mbụ na ndị ọrịa nwere angina na-arụ ọrụ kwesịrị ka a gbanwee [14].
1 oge kwa ụbọchị
Mmetụta nitrates na àgwà ndụ.Ogo nke ndụ bụ ihe ngosi dị mkpa nke na-agụnye ọdịmma anụ ahụ, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na nke uche nke onye ọrịa ma na-egosipụta ikike anụ ahụ, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, nghọta na mmekọahụ. Ọrụ ozugbo na-emeziwanye ndụ ndụ bụ ikpochapụ ọrịa mgbu, gbanwee ọrụ moto, ọnọdụ uche-mmetụta uche, wdg; ebumnuche ogologo oge bụ ịbawanye ndụ ma belata ugboro ole ụlọ ọgwụ. N'ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa nwere angina kwụsiri ike, n'ihi ọgụ na-aga n'ihu na-eduga na mgbochi dị ịrịba ama na ndụ kwa ụbọchị, ịdị mma nke ndụ na-ebelata n'ihi enweghị ike, ụra zuru oke, mmega ahụ na-ebelata, na ọnụnọ nke nsogbu uche. Mmetụta nke nitrates na prognosis na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa akwara obi ewepụtabeghị nke ọma.
4-5 awa Tebụl 2
na-egosi ụdị isi nke nitrates organic na usoro akwadoro. Mwepu nke Plasma 2.5-10 mg
Ngosipụta maka ojiji na usoro onunu ogwu
0.3-0.6 mg
Denitration (80%) + nhazi nke glucuronide (20%)
Nitrong-forte
Nitroglycerin akpụkpọ anụ
metabolites na-arụ ọrụ
otu ugboro n'ụbọchị.
V.P. LUPANOV, MD, Prọfesọ, Research Institute of Clinical Cardiology aha ya bụ N.N. A.L. Myasnikov Russian Cardiological Research and Production Complex nke Ministry of Health of Russia
0.5-2.0 sentimita (1 inch = 2.54 cm)
0.2-0.8 mg / h (10 mg / day)
Nitrate maka infarction myocardial ka egosiri maka ihe ịrịba ama na-adịgide adịgide nke ischemia myocardial na kwa maka nkụda mmụọ nke ụdị nkụda mmụọ.
Isosorbide dinitrate
A. Isosorbide dinitrate otu: mbadamba maka iji sublingual: Iso Mak 5 mg na ndị ọzọ; Mbadamba ụrọ maka nchịkwa ọnụ: Nitrosorbide, Isodinit, wdg.
Otú ọ dị, e kwesịghị idepụta nitrates maka ọbara mgbali systolic   100-110 beats / min).
Ọgwụ Nitroglycerin a
na-emekarị
30 min/5-7 h
ọgwụgwọ nitrate nwere ike ịda n'ụfọdụ ndị ọrịa n'ihi nguzogide nitric oxide ma ọ bụ nnabata nitrate.
Ngwa akpụkpọ sublingual mmetụta nke
nitrates
Nitroglycerin (aerosol, n'okpuru ire)
Isosorbide-5-mononitrate
II. Nitrates organic na-eme mkpụmkpụ:
4
l / min dị mkpụmkpụ
iji kwụsị ọgụ nke angina pectoris ma ọ bụ tupu nrụgide anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nke mmetụta uche nke nwere ike ibute ọgụ, ịkwesịrị ịgbanye n'ọnụ 1-3 ugboro na nkeji nke 30 sekọnd. n'etiti sprays megide backdrop nke ijide ume gị. Enwere ike ịbawanye otu dose nke 3 sprays maka enyemaka nke mbuso agha naanị na nkwenye ngwa ngwa nke dọkịta.
30-10
Isosorbide dinitrate (5 mg sublingually) na-enyere aka ịkwụsị ọgụ angina maka ihe dị ka elekere 1 n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na dinitrate ga-agbanwerịrị ka ọ bụrụ mononitrate n'ime imeju iji nwee mmetụta antianginal (mgbe ihe dị ka nkeji 3-4 gasịrị). nke bụ karịa, karịa mgbe ị na-ewere NG). Mgbe nchịkwa ọnụ gasịrị, mmetụta hemodynamic na antianginal na-adịgide ruo ọtụtụ awa, nke na-enye nchebe ogologo oge megide angina karịa mgbe nchịkwa NG sublingual.
Ihe dị ka 60 min / 10-16 h
Isosorbide dinitrate (aerosol, Isoket-spray)
Mmetụta ọgwụgwọ nke nitrates na angina pectoris na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu nke ọgwụ, na ụdị dose na usoro onunu ogwu, yana na atụmatụ nke nchịkwa ya. 11, 12]. Enwere nitrates organic maka ọnọdụ ahụike ọ bụla. Ụdị nitrates dị iche iche na-eme ka o kwe omume n'ọnọdụ ọ bụla ịhọrọ usoro ọgwụgwọ onye ọ bụla. Nke a, n'otu aka ahụ, na-enye gị ohere ịbawanye uru ọgwụgwọ nke nitrates, na n'aka nke ọzọ, belata ihe ize ndụ nke mmetụta ndị dị na ya.
Mono Mac Depot
2 min / 20-30 min
Isosorbide dinitrate ogologo oge (ọnụ)
ugboro 3 n'ụbọchị.
Contraindications na ojiji nke nitrates
50-100 mg na- eme ogologo oge
nitrates na-eme ngwa ngwa ka bụ ụzọ na-enweghị atụ nke ịkwụsị ọgụ angina. Ha nwere ike ịnye mmetụta dị mkpụmkpụ, mana ọ bụ nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ya [5-7]. Uru nke nitrates na-eme mkpụmkpụ bụ ikike ọ bụghị naanị igbochi, kamakwa ịkwụsị ọgụ angina amalitelarị. Nitrates kere nso nso a n'ụdị aerosols nwere ma nitroglycerin ma ọ bụ isosorbide dinitrate (Isoket-spray). Uru nke nitrate aerosols bụ dose nke ziri ezi, ichekwa ngwaahịa ọgwụ nke ọma, yana ịdị mfe iji.
mgbe ejiri ọnụ Nitromint
na-eme ogologo oge 1-3 ugboro n'ime nkeji iri na ise
A na-aghọta ndidi (ma ọ bụ ahụ riri ahụ) dị ka mbelata nke ogologo oge na ịdị njọ nke mmetụta nke nitrates na iji ha eme ihe mgbe niile ma ọ bụ mkpa iji ọtụtụ doses iji nweta otu mmetụta ahụ mgbe ị na-ejigide nlezianya dị elu n'ọbara. A na-ewere ihe kpatara ọdịdị nke ntachi obi na nitrates dị ka: mbelata nguzobe nke nitric oxide (NO), osooso nke inactivation ya n'ihi mmụba nke ọrụ phosphodiesterases, na mmụba nke nhazi endothelin. 1, nke nwere mmetụta vasoconstrictive [13]. A na-ejikọta echiche oge gboo na mbelata intracellular na ntinye nke sulfhydride (SH-groups) dị mkpa maka mmezu nke mmetụta nke NO.
Otutu nnabata
30 min / 8-24 h (chọrọ oge elekere 12)
1,2- na 1,3-glycerol dinitrate
Nitroglycerin n'ụdị ude 2%, akpụkpọ anụ.
Ewebatara nitrates Organic n'ime omume ụlọ ọgwụ na narị afọ nke 19. N'afọ 1879, Dr. Murrel bipụtara otu isiokwu, bụ́ onye tụrụ aro ka e jiri nitroglycerin mee ihe iji kpochapụ ọgụ angina.
N'iburu n'uche mmụba dị ukwuu nke ọrịa obi, mkpa nke ọgwụ ndị a na-atụle dị nnọọ elu taa. Ruo ugbu a, a na-ewere nitroglycerin na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ emepụtara na ndabere ya, yana ọgwụ ndị dị ha nso, isosorbide mono- na dinitrate, bụ ọgwụ antianginal kacha dị irè.
Mmetụta antianginal nke nitrates organic na-ejikọta ya na mmụba nke ikuku oxygen na akwara obi na, n'otu oge ahụ, na mbelata mkpa ya.
Usoro nke ime ihe
N'agbanyeghị ahụmịhe ogologo oge dị otú ahụ, usoro nke antianginal na vasodilating mmetụta nke nitrates eguzobewo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya. Ọ mejupụtara na myotropic na neurotropic mmetụta nke isi components.
Mgbe etinyere ya, NO otu na-ekewapụ na nitrate molecule, nke yiri ihe na-enye izu ike endothelial. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ guanylate cyclase, nke na-eduga na mmụba nke cyclic guanosine monophosphate cyclic, nchịkọta nke na-enyere aka na mmepe nke myosin dephosphorylation na mbelata ntinye nke calcium ion n'ime sel, na-eme ka izu ike nke ezigbo uru nke anụ ahụ. mgbidi vaskụla. A pụkwara ịhụ nke a na urinary, akụkụ okuku ume, tract digestive. Na-emetụta akụkụ ụbụrụ nke ụbụrụ, nitrates na-enye aka na nkwụsị nke akụkụ etiti nke reflexes nke akwara ọbara, na ike ọgwụgwụ nke njikwa ọmịiko nke usoro obi obi.
A maara na starch bụ ihe na-emepụta ihe. A naghị agụnye mmiri lime na nitrate ọlaọcha.
Mmetụta antianginal nke nitrates
Maka ịdị irè nke antianginal, ọ bụghị naanị obere oge na mgbasawanye nke arịa ọbara na mmụba ọbara na-esi na ha dị mkpa, kamakwa mwepu hemodynamic nke akwara obi, nke na-eduga n'ịkụda obi na mkpa oxygen ya. N'ihi mgbasawanye nke vein, nlọghachi nke venous ọbara na akụkụ ahụ dị oke (mbelata nke ibu ibu, nrụgide n'ime ventricles, esemokwu nke mgbidi ha), na mgbasawanye akwara na-ebelata ọkwa nke mmepụta obi obi (mbelata ibu n'azụ, mmepụta obi obi. nguzogide, mmefu ike na oriri oxygen myocardial).
Mmetụta dị mma na trophism myocardial
Na mgbakwunye, organic nitrates nwere mmetụta bara uru na trophism myocardial, ọrụ nke enzymes iku ume, electrolyte metabolism, na-abawanye nkwụsi ike eletriki nke akwara obi, na-egbochi mmepe nke arrhythmias. Ihe dị oke mkpa bụkwa ihe onwunwe nke ihe ndị a iji belata nrụgide, n'ihi nke a na-eji ha eme ihe ma ọ bụrụ na enweghi ike nke ventricle aka ekpe.
Ọgwụ
Ngwakọta ọgwụ dị nso na nitrates organic (sodium nitroprusside, nitrites, molidomine) nwekwara mmetụta nitroxidergic.
Ha nwere ndịiche ama ama na mpaghara pharmacokinetic na egosi maka ojiji (nitroglycerin na-eji tumadi iji kpochapụ ọgụ angina, ọgwụ ndị ọzọ iji gbochie mmepe ha). Oghom mmeghachi omume nke onye ọgwụ na ngwaahịa bụ tumadi n'ihi na usoro nke edinam nkịtị ka dum Atiya nke ọgwụ ndị a, ya mere yiri nnọọ.
Nhazi nke organic nitrates
Ọgwụ niile dị otú ahụ dabara na ngalaba anọ:
- nkwadebe nke nitroglycerin;
- ọgwụ dabere na isosorbide dinitrate;
- nkwadebe nke isosorbide mononitrate;
- ọgwụ ndị dị ka nitrate.
Ọgwụ dabere na nitroglycerin na-arụ ọrụ ogologo oge. Ndị a gụnyere: Sustonit, Sustak, Nitrong, Trinitrolong, Nitroderm.
Ọgwụ dabere na isosorbide dinitrate nwere obere oge ime ihe.
Otu nitrates organic na-agụnye ọgwụ ndị dị ka Iso-Mik, Nitrosorbide na Isodinit.
A na-eji ọgwụ ndị dabere na isosorbide mononitrate bụ ịdị irè ogologo oge, na ndepụta ha gụnyere ọgwụ ndị dị ka Monocinque Retard, Mono Mac Depot.
Ọgwụ dị ka nitrate gụnyere Molidomin, Amylnitrite na sodium nitroprusside.
Kedu otu esi eji nitrates organic na ọbara mgbali elu?
Ọgwụgwọ hypotension arterial
Ihe dị oke mkpa na ụlọ ọgwụ bụ mbelata nrụgide karịa 15 mm Hg. Art. site n'ọkwa ntinye. Ọrịa ahụ bụ n'ihi mmetụta vasodilating nke a na-akpọ nitrates. Site na mbelata ọbara mgbali elu, ọ ga-ekwe omume ibelata ọbara na akụkụ ahụ niile, gụnyere obi. Iji gbochie mmepe nke hypotension siri ike, a na-atụ aro iji nitroglycerin na ọdụ ma ọ bụ ịgha ụgha na ụkwụ weliri elu.
Inweta ihe a n'ọnọdụ kwụ ọtọ nwere ike ịkpasu nkụda mmụọ na ike ọgwụgwụ nke mmetụta antianginal, ebe ọ bụ na mbelata nke ukwuu nke nrịba ọbara na-enye aka na-ebelata ọbara ọgbụgba. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, ọrịa ohi nwere ike ime, nke bụ mmụba nke ischemia nke akwara obi, karịsịa na ndị ọrịa nwere stenosing atherosclerosis nke arịa ọbara ọbara.
Mbelata nke nrụgide siri ike nwere ike kpasuo nkwadebe nke nitrates organic dabere na sodium nitroprusside, nke a na-eji intravenously na mmepe nke ọgba aghara ọbara mgbali elu, edema akpa ume, preeclampsia, dissecting aortic aneurysm, eclampsia yana hypotension na-achịkwa n'oge ịwa ahụ.
Contraindications
Mmeghachi omume ọjọọ a na-ebute ihe mgbochi dị otú ahụ na ojiji nitroglycerin na nitrates organic ndị ọzọ, dị ka hypotension arterial na nrụgide systolic na-erughị 90 mm Hg. Art., na diastolic - ihe na-erughị 60 mm Hg. nka.; ujo, ida.
mmekọrịta ọgwụ ọjọọ
A na-eme ka ikike nke nitrates organic belata ọbara mgbali elu ma ọ bụrụ na ejikọtara ya na vasodilators ndị ọzọ, ihe ọṅụṅụ na-aba n'anya, na ọgwụ analgesics narcotic. Iche iche, ọ dị mkpa iburu n'obi na ha na-adabaghị na sildenafil ("Viagra"). Ọgwụ a na-arụkwa ọrụ site na nitric oxide, na enwere ike nke mmetụta vasodilating na nnukwu hypotension na ọbụna ọnwụ.
Mmetụta nke organic nitrates
Nitrates nwere ike ịkpata mmetụta ọjọọ ndị a:
- orthostatic ọdịda. Ọtụtụ mgbe, mmetụta a na-akpalite nitroglycerin. Usoro nke ọnọdụ ọrịa a na-ejikọta ya na mbelata nke nlọghachi azụ na obi, nke na-ebelata ọkwa nke ọbara na ụbụrụ mgbe ị na-ewere ọnọdụ kwụ ọtọ. Ya mere, mgbe ịṅụchara ọgwụ ahụ, onye ọrịa ahụ ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ mee ya.
- Tachycardia, nke bụ isi mmetụta nke organic nitrates ma nwee mmetụta baroreflex, nke bụ iji belata njikwa parasympathetic nke obi mgbagha na nzaghachi na ntụrụndụ nke mgbidi vaskụla. A na-akpọkarị tachycardia mgbe ụfọdụ site na iji nitrates gwọọ onwe ya. N'ihe banyere iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe n'otu oge na-akpata bradycardia: ndị na-egbochi ọwa calcium sitere na ụdị phenylalkylamines ("Verapamil"), B-blockers na dihydropyridines ("Amlodipine", "Nicardipine", wdg) - a na-agbatị akara ngosi akụkụ a.
- Bradycardia, nke bụ mmetụta na-adịghị ahụkebe nke na-eme mgbe ụfọdụ site na intravenous injections nke nitroglycerin megide ndabere nke mbelata nrụgide siri ike. Isi ihe kpatara ọnọdụ pathological a bụ ịbawanye ụda nke akwara vagus. Enwere ike iji Atropine dozie ihe a.
- Isi ọwụwa bụ ihe mgbaàmà na-emekarị mgbe ọ nwụsịrị nitrates organic. Mmeghachi omume a nwere ike ịdịru site na nkeji 20 ruo ọtụtụ awa, na-esonyere ya na dizziness, nwee agwa na-akụda mmụọ, ọkachasị na ndị ọrịa nwere atherosclerosis nke ụbụrụ. Cephalgia jikọtara ya na mmetụta ọjọọ nke nitrates organic na hemodynamics cerebral. Ihe si na ya pụta bụ mbelata nke ọbara na-eru n'ụbụrụ, agụụ oxygen nke ụbụrụ, mmụba nke nrụgide intracranial, mgbasawanye nke mgbidi nke veins n'ime okpokoro isi, nke na-akpata mgbu.
- Mmụba nrụgide intraocular, nke bụ ihe mgbaàmà akụkụ na-adịghị adịgide adịgide nke nitrates. N'akụkụ a, a na-ewere glaucoma dị ka ihe mgbochi maka ojiji ha.
Usoro ọgwụgwọ
A na-eji "Nitroglycerin" mee ihe dị ka ndị a:
- capsules na 1% mmanụ ngwọta na dose nke 0.001 na 0.0005 g;
- mbadamba nkume 0,0005 g;
- aerosol maka iji sublingual - 0.0004 g;
- mmanya mmanya - 1-2 tụlee kwa shuga.
Iji gbochie ọgụ angina, a na-eji mbadamba ọnụ na-eme ogologo oge - "Nitrong", "Nitrogranu-long", "Sustak forte". Ndepụta nke nitrates organic buru oke ibu. Mgbe ịṅụchara ọgwụ ndị a, ọrụ nke isi ihe na-amalite mgbe nkeji 120 gachara ma dị ihe dị ka awa 6. A na-ejikwa ego ndị a dị ka usoro ọgwụgwọ transdermal si dị - patches pụrụ iche ("Deponit"), nke a na-etinye na akpụkpọ ahụ maka awa 12 (patch na-ewepụta 0.0005 g nke ihe kwa ụbọchị).
A na-enye Isosorbide dinitrate sublingually, omume ya na-etolite mgbe nkeji 3-5 gachara, yana nchịkwa ọnụ - mgbe nkeji 15-30 gachara. Usoro onunu ogwu bụ otu mbadamba otu ugboro, a na-ekpebi ojiji ọzọ site na usoro ọgwụgwọ nke ọkachamara guzobere. N'agbanyeghị ojiji a na-ejikarị ọgwụ a eme ihe na omume ahụike nke oge a, ọ kachasị mma ijikọta nlekọta ya na dọkịta, n'ihi mmetụta a na-akpọkarị na mmeghachi omume n'akụkụ.


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text:
Soy wax eke eke Wicks atọ na-acha ọcha Frosted njide na-esi ísì kandụl nwere akara nkeonwe.
Nkọwa ngwaahịa
Mkpado ngwaahịa
Ihe: Mkpọ atọkandụl na-esi ísì ụtọ
ite: ite iko doro anya, ite oyi kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ
Nha ite: 8.0cm x 6.0cm, nha ndị ọzọ, 7.0cm x 8.0cm, 7..0cm x 8.4cm, 8.0cm x 9.0cm, 9.0cm x 10cm
wax: paraffin wax, soy wax, beeswax, aki oyibo wax, akwukwo nri wax, ngwakọta ihe
Mgbochi: owu owu, akwa osisi, akwa atọ
Label: aha omenala
Ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ: mmanụ na-esighị ike, nke na-esi ísì ụtọ, mmanụ dị mkpa, vanilla, jasmine, lavender, cinnamon, sandalwood, mint, musk, ísì ụtọ.
ngwugwu: 1pc/igbe
Kandụl aromatherapy bụ ụzọ ọdịnala ka esi etinye isi n'ime ụlọ ahụ.N'abalị dị jụụ, ma ọ bụ mkpa ịmepụta ọnọdụ ịhụnanya, kandụl bụ otu n'ime ihe ịchọ mma dị mkpa.Ọkụ na-eti ihe na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ na-enwe mmetụta na-ekpo ọkụ.Site na isi ísì, mee ka esemokwu na ọrụ n'aka nke ndụ kwụsịlata.Enwere ike itinye ya n'ebe ọ bụla dị mma dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na ebe obibi, ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ụzọ aromatherapy na-ewu ewu na Europe na America.

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text:
RSP-ML4
Isi ohiri elu
50pcs
N'alụghị, eze na-alụbeghị, zuru, eze nwanyị, eze
Mmiri mmiri
Afọ 15 zuru oke
15,000 PCs kwa ọnwa
ISPA, SGS, Crf1633, BS7177
Flat na-agbakọta + pallet / kpọfere katọn / akpa
15 ụbọchị ọrụ maka ịme ihe nlele, ụbọchị 30 maka mmepụta ọrụ
Mepụta afọ gara aga, Rayson bụ onye na-emepụta ọkachamara na kwa onye na-eweta ike siri ike na mmepụta, chepụta ya, na R & D. Vazzo ma ọ bụrụ na ị nwere mmasị na ngwaahịa ọhụrụ Vazzo ma ọ bụ matara na ndị ọzọ, nabata gị ịkpọtụrụ anyị.Thipụta ngwaahịa dị mma. Ngwongwo ndị dị mkpa dị ka mmiri vapor nke mmiri, njigide mmiri, ọkụ ọkụ na-atụle oge ihicha mmiri na ihicha oge mgbe ị na-ahọrọ ihe iji nweta ihe ndị ahụ iji dozie njikwa mmiri ya.


text: Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-ekpuchi mpaghara nke 170,000 square mita, na-arụpụta kwa ụbọchị nke 50,000 Ibé akwụkwọ na kwa afọ mmepụta ike nke 250,000 square mita (12 nde mpempe akwụkwọ).Uru ngwaahịa: ọkwa 4a akụrụngwa (banyere dum na isi), gluu zuru oke, nrụgide dị elu, enweghị mgbagha ma ọ bụ delamination nke plywood, enweghị mmiri na-adịgide adịgide, na ntụgharị dị elu.Mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke mgbalị gasịrị, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ enwetala ihe karịrị 40 asambodo iru eru nke ụlọ na nke mba ọzọ, na àgwà ngwaahịa dị elu.


text:
Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere mmasị ịmata ihe Kedu ihe bụ thrombosis, ị bịarutere ebe kwesịrị ekwesị. N'ebe a, anyị ga-akọwa otú e si emepụta ya, ihe mgbaàmà ya na ọgwụgwọ ya bụ.
Ọdịnaya
- 1 Kedu ihe bụ thrombosis? Ihe ize ndụ anyị niile na-agba ọsọ
- 2 Kedu ihe bụ thrombosis miri emi?
- 3 Kedu ka DVT siri dị njọ?
- 4 Mgbaàmà ndị na-ebute thrombosis
- 5 Kedu mgbe ị ga-agakwuru dọkịta maka thrombosis?
- 6 Ihe ize ndụ na-akpata thrombosis
- 7 Mgbagwoju anya nke thrombosis
- 8 Kedu ka esi egbochi thrombosis?
Kedu ihe bụ thrombosis? Ihe ize ndụ anyị niile na-agba ọsọ
Thrombosis bụ ihe na-eme mgbe mkpụkọ ọbara na-etolite n'ime akwara dị omimi n'ime ahụ. A na-achọpụtakarị ha na mgbu na ọzịza na ụkwụ ma ọ bụ apata ụkwụ.
Ọ bụrụ na akwara na-agba ọkụ, a na-akpọghachi ọnọdụ ahụ "thrombophlebitis." Na, mgbe mwepu pụtara, ihe ga-esi na ya pụta nwere ike ịdị njọ maka onye na-arịa ọrịa thrombosis miri emi.
Site na nkụchi obi, pulmonary embolism ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọrịa strok obi. Ọ bụ ya mere, site n'isiokwu a, anyị ga-akụziri gị ihe Kedu ihe bụ thrombosis na otu esi achọpụta ya n'oge iji mee ọgwụgwọ ya.
Kedu ihe bụ thrombosis miri emi?
Thrombosis miri emi (DVT), nwere ike ịmalite na ndị mmadụ na-arịa ọrịa, na-enwekarị ike imetụta ọbara na otú o si agbakọta n'ime ahụ.
Mmepe ya nwere ike ime mgbe ahụ adịla ogologo oge. Dịka ọmụmaatụ: mgbe ezumike ụra gbatịchara, ịwa ahụ ma ọ bụ ihe mberede na-egbochi ahụ gị ịkwagharị, na ọbụna mgbe ịchọtara onwe gị na-eme njem ruo ọtụtụ awa.
Cheta na:
Ekwesiri iburu n'uche na thrombosis miri emi nwere ike igosi ihe mgbaàmà nke mgbu na ọzịza nke anyị kwuru na mbụ, mana ọ na-apụtakwa n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla na ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ.
Kedu ka DVT siri dị njọ?
Ga-ama Kedu ihe bụ thrombosis miri emi, ịghọta ịdị njọ ya na mkpa ọgwụgwọ dị. N'ihi na, ọ bụrụ na ị kpachapụghị anya, mkpụkọ ọbara na-eme n'oge ihe a nwere ike ịgbaji wee gafere n'ọbara, mechaa rapara na ngụgụ.
Na, site na igbochi nrịba nke ọbara, a na-akpata embolism pulmonary. Ọbụlagodi na nke a na-ejikọghị nke ọma na ọnọdụ ahụ. Ya bụ, mmadụ nwere ike ịnwe embolism akpa ume, na-enweghị akụkọ ihe mere eme nke DVT.
Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na ha na-eme n'otu oge ahụ, thrombosis miri emi Ugbu a, a na-akpọ ya thromboembolism venous.
Mgbaàmà ndị na-ebute thrombosis
mgbe ị na-akọwara gị Kedu ihe bụ thrombosis, anyị ekwuola 2 n'ime ihe mgbaàmà na-adịkarị mgbe thrombosis na-eme. Otú ọ dị, anyị na-enye gị ndepụta na-esonụ nke akara na mgbaàmà na-ata ahụhụ. Ma, yabụ ị nwere ike ịpụ ma ọ bụ kwado ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-arịa ọrịa a:
- Ọzịza n'otu ụkwụ ma ọ bụ abụọ.
- Mgbu na / ma ọ bụ ọzịza na akụkụ ahụ emetụtara nke na-adịkarị ka ọnya ma ọ bụ ihe mgbakasị ahụ na mpaghara ahụ.
- Acha ọbara ọbara ma ọ bụ mgbanwe pụrụ iche.
- Mmetụta okpomọkụ na mpaghara emetụtara (ụkwụ ma ọ bụ apata).
Thrombosis na-emetụtakarị naanị otu akụkụ ahụ. Ya bụ, adịkarịghị, a na-ahụ ndị ọrịa nwere thrombosis na ụkwụ abụọ.
Kedu mgbe ị ga-agakwuru dọkịta maka thrombosis?
Ọ bụrụ na ị na-enyo enyo na ị nwere thrombosis miri emi, ị kwesịrị ịkpọtụrụ GP gị ozugbo enwere ike ịmalite ọgwụgwọ.
Echela ka ọnọdụ ahụ ka njọ wee bute nnukwu mgbagwoju anya dị ka mgbakasị akpa ume ma ọ bụ nkụchi obi. Ma ọ bụrụ na ị leghara ọnụnọ nke DVT anya, gaa ozugbo na ụlọ mberede ma ọ bụrụ na ị hụrụ ihe ịrịba ama ndị a:
- Mkpirisi iku ume na mberede ma ọ bụ iku ume ngwa ngwa.
- Ihe mgbu obi na-ebili ma ọ bụ ahụ erughị ala mgbe ị na-eku ume miri emi ma ọ bụ mgbe ị na-asụ ụkwara.
- Na-enwe mmetụta nke isi ọkụ, isi ọwụwa, ma ọ bụ ike ọgwụgwụ.
- Nwee usu ngwa ngwa.
- Ukwara ọbara.
Ihe ize ndụ na-akpata thrombosis
mgbe anyi mara Kedu ihe bụ thrombosis, anyị nwere ike ịmata ihe kpatara ya na ihe ize ndụ. Na anyị na-ekwu maka ihe mgbochi mgbasa na / ma ọ bụ coagulation ọbara, nke na-eme mgbe enwere mmebi nke vein mgbe ịwachara ahụ ma ọ bụ trauma na mbufụt site na mmerụ ahụ ma ọ bụ ọrịa.
Ya mere, ihe ize ndụ nwere ike ịbụ maka ọnọdụ ụfọdụ na-enyere aka ịmalite ọrịa a ma eleghị anya bụrụ ihe dị njọ karị. Ọzọ, anyị kpọrọ aha ihe ha bụ:
- Afọ: Ndị mmadụ karịrị afọ 60 na-enwekarị DVT. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike ime na ọbụna ndị na-eto eto.
- Ịnọ ọdụ ogologo oge: mgbe ị na-anya ụgbọ ala ma ọ bụ na-efe efe, maka ogologo oge, ọ na-egbochi mkpụkọ akwara na ya mere mgbasa ọbara adịghị mma.
- Ime ime: kaọkụkọ ị dị ime, ọbara mgbali elu na pelvis na ụkwụ gị na-abawanye. Karịsịa, ọ bụrụ na nwanyị ahụ na-arịa ọrịa coagulation ketara eketa, nke nwere ihe ize ndụ dị elu ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị ọzọ. Ọzọkwa, mkpụkọ ọbara site na ime ime nwere ike ịga n'ihu ruo izu isii mgbe amuchara nwa.
- mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa:pNdị nwere ihe V Leiden nwere ike inwe mkịrịkọ ọbara buru ibu. Ya mere, enwere ohere na onye nwere nsogbu nke ketara eketa nke na-adịghị akpata mkpụkọ ọbara n'onwe ya nwere ike inwe DVT.
- Ọgwụ mgbochi ọmụmụ (ọnụ) ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ nnọchi homonụ.
- Oke izu ike.
- Ibu oke ma ọ bụ oke ibu.
- Ịwa ahụ ma ọ bụ mmerụ ahụ na veins.
- Okingụ sịga
- Ọrịa kansa.
- Obi mgbawa.
- Ọrịa afọ na-egbu egbu.
- Akụkọ nkeonwe ma ọ bụ ezinụlọ nke DVT na/ma ọ bụ akpa ume.
Mgbagwoju anya nke thrombosis
akpa ume embolism
Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike ime na-enweghị ọnụnọ nke thrombosis, pulmonary embolism bụ ihe mgbagwoju anya na-eyi ndụ egwu jikọtara ya na DVT.
Postphlebitic syndrome
Ọ na-eme mgbe enwere mgbu na ọzịza n'ụkwụ, ewezuga ngbanwe na mgbakasị ahụ nke akpụkpọ ahụ anyị kwurula na mbụ na mgbaàmà.
Ọgwụ anticoagulant
N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, enwere ike ịnwe nsogbu na ọgwụgwọ nke ọgwụ mgbochi iji gbochie DVT, dị ka ọbara ọgbụgba.
Kedu ka esi egbochi thrombosis?
Na-arụsi ọrụ ike!
Ma a wara gị ahụ, na-eme njem, ịnya ụgbọ ala ma ọ bụ na-ezu ike, ị kwesịrị, dị ka o kwere mee, chịkọta ahụ gị ka uru ahụ na-eme ka akwara dị mkpa ma zere thrombosis.
sụ ukwe ụtaba
Ọtụtụ ndị maara otú ọ ga-esi siere onye na-ese anwụrụ ike ịkwụsị àgwà ahụ, ma ị ghaghị ime ya iji belata ihe ize ndụ nke ịnweta DVT, karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ọrịa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke nwere ike ịkpata ya.
nri na mmega ahụ
A ghaghị iji nlezianya gwọọ oke ibu. Ịbụ otu n'ime ihe ize ndụ maka nkwekọrịta DVT. A na-atụ aro ka onye ọ bụla nọgide na-emega ahụ mgbe niile ma na-eri nri dị mma, ọ bụghị naanị iji zere thrombosis, kama ka ọ dị mma n'ozuzu ya. Ugbu a ịmara ihe niile gbasara ihe thrombosis bụ, soro ndụmọdụ ndị a wee mara akara ma ọ bụ akara ọ bụla na-agwa gị ma ị nwere DVT.
Ọdịnaya nke isiokwu kwekọrọ na ụkpụrụ anyị nke ụkpụrụ omume nchịkọta akụkọ. Anyị na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a iji mezie na melite ọdịnaya anyị n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ.
Ọ bụrụ na ị bụ onye ntụgharị akwụkwọ ikike, ị nwekwara ike degara anyị akwụkwọ ka gị na ya rụọ ọrụ. (German, Spanish, French)
Ka ịkọ akụkọ njehie ma ọ bụ nkwalite ntụgharị asụsụ, pịa ebe a.


text:
Ọtụtụ mgbe, bọtịnụ ndị dị na ngbanwe akpụkpọ ahụ na-eji naanị agba iji gosipụta ọnọdụ, ọdịdị na nha nke igodo ahụ.N'ụzọ dị otú a, a ga-amata izi ezi nke ọrụ ahụ naanị site n'ọhụụ onye ọrụ.Ebe ọ bụ na enweghị ozi nzaghachi kwesịrị ekwesị iji gosi ma ọ na-agbanye mkpịsị aka n'ụdị dị mma nke ngbanwe iji mee ka mgbanwo ahụ mee ihe,
N'ihi ya, ntụkwasị obi na nlekota nke igwe dum na ọsọ nke ọrụ na-emetụta.Ụdị ngbanwe akpụkpọ ahụ nke na-eme ka ahụ igodo mgba ọkụ pụta ntakịrị, dịtụ elu karịa panel iji mepụta ọdịdị akụkụ atọ, nke a na-akpọ mgbanwe igodo akụkụ atọ.Igodo akụkụ atọ enweghị ike ịkọwa n'ụzọ ziri ezi na nso nso nke isi ahụ, melite ọsọ njirimara, mee ka onye ọrụ na-emetụ aka karịa, ma na-akwalite mmetụta ịchọ mma nke ọdịdị ngwaahịa ahụ.A ghaghị ime mmepụta nke igodo akụkụ atọ na nhazi nhazi nke nhazi panel, na oghere usoro maka nhazi ziri ezi n'oge ịpịpụta ebu, na ịdị elu nke protrusions akụkụ atọ kwesịrị n'ozuzu agaghị agafe okpukpu abụọ nke mkpụrụ.Iji mee ka ọdịdị nke ngwaahịa ahụ dịkwuo mma, enwere ike ịme ka protrusions nke mgbanaka akpụkpọ ahụ ebili elu n'ọtụtụ dị iche iche, ma a ghaghị ịhazi ya na nhazi nhazi nke panel ahụ, na oghere nka iji nwee ọnọdụ ziri ezi mgbe a na-agbanye ihe ọkpụkpụ ahụ. , na convex akụkụ atọ ya ịdị elu nke ebuli ekwesịghị ịfefe okpukpu abụọ nke mkpụrụ.Maka ọdịdị nke ngwaahịa ndị mara mma, enwere ike ịgbanwe ihe nrịbama nke mgbanaka akpụkpọ anụ dị elu n'ọtụtụ ụzọ.


text:
Njirimara nke Alkyl Polyglucosides
Dị ka polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers,alkyl polyglycosidesna-emekarị teknuzu surfactants.A na-emepụta ha site n'ụdị dị iche iche nke njikọ Fischer ma mejupụtara nkesa nke ụdị nwere ogo glycosidation dị iche iche nke n-uru pụtara.Akọwapụtara nke a dị ka ngụkọ nke mkpokọta molar nke glucose na molar mmanya mmanya na-aba ụba n'ime alkyl polyglucoside, na-eburu n'uche ịdị arọ molekụla mgbe ejiri ngwakọta mmanya na-aba ụba na-arụ ọrụ.Dịka e kwurula ọtụtụ n'ime alkyl polyglucosides dị mkpa maka ngwa nwere n-uru nke 1.1-1.7.N'ihi ya, ha nwere alkyl monoglucosides na alkyl diglucosides dị ka ndị bụ isi ihe, yana obere ego nke alkyl triglucosides, alkyl tetraglucosides, wdg ruo alkyl octaglucosides ma e wezụga ndị oligomers, obere ego (nke a 1-2%) nke ọdụdụ mmanya na-eji. njikọ polyglucose, na salts, tumadi n'ihi catalysis (1.5-2.5%), na-adị mgbe niile.A na-agbakọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a gbasara ihe na-arụ ọrụ.Ebe enwere ike ịkọwapụta polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ethoxylates ndị ọzọ n'ụzọ doro anya site na nkesa nke ịdị arọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nkọwa ihe atụ na-abụghị nke zuru oke maka alkyl polyglucosides n'ihi na isomerism dị iche iche na-ebute ngwaahịa dị iche iche dị mgbagwoju anya.Esemokwu dị na klas abụọ surfactant na-ebute ihe dị iche iche sitere na mmekọrịta siri ike nke ndị isi na mmiri na akụkụ nke ibe ha.
Otu ethoxylate nke polyoxyethylene alkyl ether na-enwe mmekọrịta siri ike na mmiri, na-akpụ njikọ hydrogen n'etiti oxygen ethylene na mmiri mmiri, n'ihi ya na-ewulite shells hydration micellar ebe nhazi mmiri dị ukwuu (entropy na enthalpy dị ala) karịa na nnukwu mmiri.Ọdịdị hydration dị oke egwu.Na-emekarị n'etiti abụọ na atọ ụmụ irighiri mmiri na otu EO ọ bụla.
N'ịtụle glucosyl headgroups nwere ọrụ OH atọ maka monoglucoside ma ọ bụ asaa maka diglucoside, a na-atụ anya omume alkyl glucoside dị iche na nke polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers.Ewezuga mmekọrịta siri ike na mmiri, enwekwara ike dị n'etiti otu surfactant headgroups na micelles yana n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ.Ebe polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers naanị ya bụ mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ ihe siri ike na-agbaze dị ala, alkyl polyglucosides bụ ihe siri ike na-agbaze dị elu n'ihi njikọta nke hydrogen intermolecular n'etiti otu glucosyl gbara agbata obi.Ha na-egosipụta njirimara kristal mmiri ọkụ thermotropic dị iche iche, dịka a ga-atụle n'okpuru.Njikọ hydrogen intermolecular dị n'etiti otu ndị isi na-ahụkwa maka ịdị nro ha dị ntakịrị na mmiri.
Banyere glucose n'onwe ya, mmekọrịta nke otu glucosyl na ụmụ irighiri mmiri gbara ya gburugburu bụ n'ihi nnukwu njikọ hydrogen.Maka glucose, ntinye nke mkpụrụ ndụ mmiri tetrahedral haziri dị elu karịa na mmiri naanị.N'ihi ya, glucose na ma eleghị anya alkyl glucosides, nwere ike nkewa dị ka "onye na-emepụta ihe," omume nke yiri nke ethoxylates.
N'iji ya tụnyere omume nke ethoxylate micelle, ihe dị irè interfacial dielectric na-adịgide adịgide nke alkyl glucoside dị elu ma dị ka nke mmiri karịa nke ethoxylate.Ya mere, mpaghara gburugburu isi otu na alkyl glucoside micelle dị ka mmiri mmiri.
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-03-2021


text:
Ifo shàkpii...
Wọ́ọ̀...
Ifo shàkpii...
Wọ́ọ̀...
Nkịta nyàrá àkpà...
Nsị agwụ n'ọhịa...
Obuisi nyara àkpà...
Akara agwụ n'ahịa...
Ọ nwere akụkọ m ga-akọrọ ụnụ
Kọọrọ anyị ka obi dị anyị mma...
***********************************
ISIOKWU:
Isiokwu akụkọ m taa bụ Ihe Mere Na Ezi Anaghị Epu Mpì.
Malite n'okike ụwa, anụmanụ a na-akpọ ezi nwere mpì.
Kaosiladị, o ji mpì ya ahụ wee na-alụso ụmụanụmanụ ibe ya (ndị enweghị mpì) ọgụ oge niile ma werekwa ya na-akpa ike dị egwu.
Ịchọ okwu a na akpramagwa mmegide ahụ ezi na-akpa bidoro webe ụmụanụmanụ ndị ọzọ iwe; mana o nweghị ihe ha pụrụ ime. Ha gaa nzukọ, ezi agaghị ekwe ka anụmanụ ọzọ tinye ọnụ n'okwu, onye mee pịm maọbu gbaghaa okwu ya, o bido ọgụ ozigbo, ma jiri mpì ghasàsịa ihe niile a na-eme ebe ahụ.
Ihe ndị a niile na-eme; mana ọ ruru otu ụbọchị, nke ka nke wee mee. Ụbọchị ahụ, nkịta nọ na mmiri na-ańụ mmiri, ezi gbadata na mmiri wee sị nkịta pụọ ebe ahụ ka ya onwe ya ńụọ mmiri.
Nkịta gwara ezi na ya ańụchàbèghị̀ mmiri, n'ihi na afọ ejubèghị̀ ya. Ya mere, ọ jụrụ na ọ gaghị apụta na mmiri ahụ ruo mgbe ọ nụ̀juru afọ.
Oge nkịta kwuchara nke a, ọ malitekwara ńụba mmiri; ezi wee jiri oké iwe makwasa ya n’ike dị egwu, ma were mpi ya merụchaa ya ahụ. Ọ fọrọ obere ka nkịta nwụọ ụbọchị ahụ n'ihi ihe ezi mere ya.
Oge ha nụrụ ya, ihe ahụ ezi mere nkịta enyeghị ụmụanụmanụ ndị ọzọ ọnụ okwu. N'ihi nke a, ha nọrọ nzukọ na nzuzo, n'emeghị ka ezi mara. Ha nọrọ na nzukọ ahụ wee kpebie ma kwekọrịta na ézè ha bụ mbe ga-aga na be chi okike kere ha gwa ya ka ọ napụ ezi mpi o nyere ya, n’ihi na a hapụ ya ka o jiri aka ahụ na-aga, ị mara na ọ ga-egbucha ụmụmanụ niile otu ụbọchị. Mbe nabatara okwu ha, wee debe aghụghọ e jiri mara ya n'otu akụkụ, n'ihi na nke ahụ soro metụta ya.
N'ọnụ ụtụtụ echi ya, mbe zọpụrụ ụkwụ ije, wee gaa na nke chi okike. Mgbe ọ garuru, ọ kọwaara ya ihe niile ezi na-eme na ihe ụmụanụmanụ chọrọ ka o mee.
Ka ọ nụchara mkpesa ahụ, chi okike kwetere ime ihe ụmụanụmanụ rịọrọ ya; o wee napụ ezi mpi ya ozigbo, ma mee ka ntị ya nọrọzie n'ọnọdụ̀ ebe ahụ mpi ya dịbụ n'isi ya, ka owee jiri ya na-anụ ihe ngwangwa. Ọ bụ etu ahụ ka ezi si wee bụrụ anụ enweghị mpi, wee ruo taa. Ọ bụkwa ya mere na ị hụzie ezi taa, ntị ya akpalisie elu, dịka a ga-asị na ọ bụ mpi.
IHE MMỤTA: Onye ejila ihe o nwere wee megide maọbu mekpàá mmadụ ibe ya ahụ, maka na chi nyere ya ihe ndị ahụ pụkwàrà ịnakọrọsị e n'otu ntabianya.


text:
Onye ọ bụla nwere ụlọ ọrụ ga-amarịrị ihe omenala nhazi bụ. Ebe ọ bụ na echiche na onye ọ bụla nwere ike ijide n'èzí ma ọ bụ n'ime nwere ike ịdị mma ma ọ bụ na-adịghị mma. Tụkwasị na nke a, a pụrụ ịghọta nke a site n'aka ndị ọrụ na ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ, ebe ọ bụrụ na ha nwere afọ ojuju na mkpali na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, mmetụta ahụ ga-adị mma.
Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ ịmata ihe ọ bụ nkọwa nke omenala nhazi, ihe ngwaọrụ nwere ike inyere gị aka ịmepụta omenala nke gị na nzukọ gị, Na mgbakwunye na imejuputa nke dị adị, na-enweta ụfọdụ ebumnuche, nọgide na-agụ isiokwu a, nke dị mma maka ndị ọchụnta ego na ndị ọchụnta ego.
Na
Nkọwa nke omenala nhazi
Ọ dịghị mfe ịnye nkọwa na omenala nhazi, n'agbanyeghị, ee Enwere ike ịkọwa ya dị ka usoro ụkpụrụ na ụkpụrụ nke ga-achịkwa omume n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ.. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a pụkwara ịtụle echiche, nkwenkwe na àgwà ndị e mepụtara n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.
Akụkụ ndị a niile na-adọrọ mmasị nke ukwuu, ebe ọ bụ na a na-ahụkarị ha. Ka o sina dị, ndị niile bụ akụkụ nke otu nzukọ na-ekere òkè na-arụsi ọrụ ike ma na-etinye aka n'otu ụzọ ma ọ bụ ọzọ.
N'ihi nke a, enwere ike ịmepụta omenala nhazi site na ụkpụrụ omume ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ usoro arụ ọrụ, na-adabere na nduzi, nhazi n'ime ụlọ ọrụ, ụkpụrụ ... n'etiti ndị ọzọ.
Gịnị bụ isi ọrụ nke omenala nhazi?
na isi ọrụ nke omenala nhazi n'ime ụlọ ọrụ bụ ndị a:
- Mepụta ọdịiche dị n'etiti otu ụlọ ọrụ na ndị ọzọ.
- Nyefee ndị òtù ya ma ọ bụ ndị ọrụ akara njirimara, nke a na-eme ka ndị mmadụ nwee nkwenye na ha ga-eso na nzukọ ahụ.
- Mepụta nkwa karịrị mmasị onye ọ bụla.
- Meziwanye nkwụsi ike na ihu igwe nke ime ihe n'etiti ndị ọrụ dị iche iche na ngalaba site na nkwụsi ike.
- Na-achịkwa ma na-eduzi àgwà na omume nke ndị ọrụ ka e wee mepụta omenala nhazi nke ọma.
Gịnị mere omenala nhazi ji dị mkpa?
Ọ bụ ezie na amachaghị banyere omenala nhazi, ee ọ bụ eziokwu na ọ dị ezigbo mkpa n'ime na n'èzí. Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ na ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ dị mkpa dị ka nke dị n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ na ndị ọrụ.
Dabere na nkwekọ dị n'ime ma ọ bụ mpụga nke dị, omenala nhazi ma ọ bụ atụmatụ ụlọ ọrụ nke emepụtara, ọ nwere ike ịdị mfe ma ọ bụ dị mfe itinye ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'ọrụ.
Omenala nhazi nwere ike imetụta nsonaazụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-enweta na ogologo oge, ebe ọ ga-emetụta arụmọrụ nke ndị ọrụ na ndị ọrụ ya.
Ọ kacha mma iji hụ na ma n'ime ma n'èzí que omenala nhazi na-agbanwe agbanwe, nke mere na ndị ọrụ niile na ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ nwere ike ịmata nke ọma na ihe ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-agbalị ịnyefe ma ọ bụ ịzụlite.
Ndị na-egosi iji tụọ omenala nhazi
Na sayensị gbasara iwu na mmekọrịta ọha, a na-ejikarị indices dị iche iche tụọ omenala nhazi. Ka o sina dị, ụlọ ọrụ ọ bụla nwere ike ịmepụta index ma ọ bụ ihe ngosi ya iji chọpụta ịdị adị nke omenala nhazi n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.
A ghaghị inwe mmekọrịta doro anya n'etiti omenala na atụmatụ a ga-emepụta.
Iji nwee ike chọpụta omume nke ndị ọrụ ma ọ bụ ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ Na mbụ, a ghaghị ịmata ihe na-eme na ụlọ ọrụ n'oge ugbu a.
Ụfọdụ ndị na-egosi nwere ike ịbụ ọmụmaatụ: Ọ bụrụ na enwere koodu uwe, nkesa nke ụlọ ọrụ, omume na mpaghara ọrụ nkịtị, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ngalaba dị iche iche, wdg.
Kedu ka esi guzobe omenala na nzukọ?
Mgbe ị maara ka esi amata ọnọdụ ụlọ ọrụ dị ugbu a ị ga-enwe ike ịmepụta omenala nhazi n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nke ezubere maka ebumnuche nkịtị, ka e wee mepụta echiche ndị ahụ niile i bu n’obi.
Otú ọ dị, ị ga-elebara akụkụ ndị a anya:
- Gbalịa ịkọwa ụkpụrụ na ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ebe ọ bụ na ha dị mkpa.
- Gbalịa iche n'echiche ihe omenala nhazi nke ugbu a ga-adị ka ọ bụrụ na etinyere mgbanwe ụfọdụ.
- Nyere onwe gị aka na ndị mmekọ na-agbaso omenala nhazi ahụ nke ị na-achọ.
- Kwado omenala nhazi n'ime ụlọ ọrụ gị na ihe niile nwere ike ịdị mma.
- Site n'oge ruo n'oge, ọ na-enyocha ma omenala nhazi n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-etolite nke ọma.
Site n'ịmara gburugburu ebe obibi dị n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ị ga-enwekwa ike ịchọpụta mkpa nke ndị ọrụ ma ọ bụ ndị ọrụ. Ya mere, Ị ga-enwe ike ime mkpebi ka ha na-emetụta ọdịmma nke ụlọ ọrụ gị na ị ga-enwe ike iwusi nzukọ gị ike.
Kedu ihe bụ omenala nhazi nke ụlọ ọrụ gị?


text:
Ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ọtụtụ ọdịiche dị n'etiti iPhone 13 na iPhone 14, enwere nke Apple achọghị ịkọwa, mana ejirila ụzọ na-akwadoghị mara ya: iPhone 14 na-ebugo. 6 GB nke RAM, abụọ karịa ihe nlereanya nke afọ gara aga.
Uru karịa iPhone 13 nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ achọghị ịkọwa, ebe ọ bụ na ọ naghị ekpughe ebe nchekwa RAM nke ekwentị mkpanaka ya gụnyere. A nzuzu dị ka ọ bụla ọzọ, ebe ọ bụ na ọ gaghị ekwe omume ka Apple izochi kwuru data. Otu ụzọ ma ọ bụ ọzọ, ị nwere ike ịkọ.
Ekele maka ụdị beta nke Xcode kacha ọhụrụ, a marala na iPhone 14, iPhone 14 Plus, iPhone 14 Pro na iPhone 14 Pro Max nwere 6 GB nke RAM. Uru karịa ụdị nke afọ gara aga, ebe ọ bụ na iPhone 13 mini na iPhone 13 ugwu 4 GB nke RAM, ọ bụ ezie na iPhone 13 Pro na iPhone 13 Pro Max etinyelarị 6 GB dị ka ndị ugbu a.
Ọ bụ ezie na Apple na-ala azụ inye ozi a, eziokwu bụ na afọ ole na ole ekele faịlụ nke Xcode Ị nwere ike chọpụta ole RAM ị nwere ike iji maka ngwa na ụdị iPhone ọ bụla.
Eziokwu bụ na nzuzo a banyere ọnụọgụ RAM nke na-ebuli iPhone ọ bụla, oge a na-ata ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ntaramahụhụ. Ọ bụrụ na mgbe ịhụchara isi okwu n'izu a, ị chere na ọ nweghị ọdịiche ngwaike dị n'etiti iPhone 14 na onye bu ya ụzọ iPhone 13, ebe ọ bụ na ha na-ebugo otu ihe nrụpụta, ị kwesịrị ịma ozi a gbasara RAM.
Ya mere, iPhone 14 ọhụrụ ahụ ga-arụ ọrụ ka mma mgbe ọ na-agba ngwa ngwa ọbụlagodi na ọ nwere otu processor A15 Bionic karịa iPhone 13, ebe ọ nwere 2 GB karịa RAM karịa ụdị nke afọ gara aga. Ọ dị nwute na ndị si Cupertino achọghị ịkọwa ya.


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Ọtụtụ ndị ahịa ga -ezute ọtụtụ nsogbu na usoro iji methyl silicate na -emepụta sodium methyl silicate na potassium methyl silicate organic silicon waterproof, dị ka: otu esi ahọrọ akụrụngwa, gịnị bụ usoro ya, yana ihe kwesịrị ka a na -elebara ya anya. Anyị ga -akọwa ịkpachara anya maka imepụta sodium methyl silicate na potassium methyl silicate organic silicon waterproofing agent dabere na nzaghachi ndị ahịa.
1. Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ kachasị dabara maka usoro mmepụta bụ 92 ° C, ọ zuru ezu idobe ya na 90-95 ° C n'oge usoro ahụ;
2. Usoro nri: ị nwere ike buru ụzọ jikọta methyl silicic acid na akụkụ mmiri, gbanye mkpali, jiri nwayọ gbakwunye potassium hydroxide ma ọ bụ sodium hydroxide na ogbe, wee gbakwunye mmiri fọdụrụ dị ka ọnọdụ mgbaze si dị (mgbe ọ gbasasịrị. ) Techaa;
3. Nlebara anya akụrụngwa: 1) akụrụngwa na-eguzogide okpomoku dị ka igwe anaghị agba nchara, enamel kettle, ma ọ bụ gbọmgbọm igwe anaghị agba nchara nwere ngwaọrụ mkpali; 2) Stirrer: ga -enwerịrị agitator ma ọ bụ moto maka mkpali;
4. Ihe nchekwa: Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị elu n'oge mmeghachi omume, a ga -ejikwa nwayọ nye nri ahụ, n'ihi na sodium hydroxide na potassium hydroxide ga -ewepụta oke ọkụ n'oge usoro ịgbaze n'ime mmiri;
5. Silicone waterproof gị n'ụlọnga nwere ike ga -eji ọnụ na sodium nitrite antifirizi n'oge na -ewu oyi.
6. Silicone waterproof gị n'ụlọnga bụ a n'ozuzu chemical. N'oge nchekwa, njem na ojiji, ndị na -ewu ụlọ ga -akpachara anya ka ha ghara ịfụ ya n'ihu, ọkachasị n'anya, ma ọ bụghị ya, ha ga -eji mmiri buru ibu saa ya ozugbo ma ọ bụ rịọ dọkịta maka ọgwụgwọ. Mgbe ị na -arụ ọrụ, yi mkpuchi mkpuchi ọrụ, iko na -echebe ya na uwe ọrụ iji zere onye ọrụ ahụ ịkpọtụrụ akpụkpọ ahụ.
7. Onye na -ahụ maka mmiri na -egbochi mmiri nke silicone onye nnọchi anya a agaghị akpọtụrụ zinc, aluminom, tin na ọla ndị ọzọ na -arụ ọrụ n'oge njem na iji ya, a gaghị echekwa ya na arịa ọla, ka ọ ghara imebi ngwaahịa na mmebi corrosion nke mmeghachi kemịkalụ kpatara.
Oge ezipụ: Jul-14-2021


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Skullcandy Jib + Ọrụ / JibXT Ọrụ Blueooth Earbuds Ntuziaka ntuziaka
Mmakọ Mmakọ:
Gbanyụọ na ọnọdụ
Mmakọ na Ngwaọrụ Ọhụrụ
Jib + nọ n'ọrụ / JibXT nọ n'ọrụ
Gbanye / Gbanyụọ
Mpịakọta Elu
Kpọọ / kwusi
Gaanụ n'Ihu
Sochie Azụ
Azịza / Ọgwụgwụ
-ana
Ajụjụ Nleta: www.skullcandy.comv
Maka ezigbo mma zere ịchekwa ngwaahịa na ọnọdụ karịrị ogo 100.
Nkwupụta Nkwado FCC
Ngwaọrụ a kwadoro Nkebi nke 15 nke Iwu FCC. Ọrụ dị n'okpuru ọnọdụ abụọ a: (1) ngwaọrụ a nwere ike
agaghị akpata ndabichi na-emerụ ahụ, na (2) ngwaọrụ a ga-anara nnyonye ọ bụla anabatara, gụnyere nnyonye anya nwere ike
ime na-achọghị ọrụ.
Mgbanwe ma ọ bụ mgbanwe nke ndị otu na-ekwenye ekwenye ekwenyeghị nwere ike iwepụ ikike onye ọrụ iji rụọ ọrụ akụrụngwa.
A nwalewo akụrụngwa a wee hụ na agbasoro njedebe maka ngwaọrụ dijitalụ Class B, dabere na Nkebi nke 15 nke Iwu FCC. Emere oke a iji nye nchebe ezi uche dị na ya megide nnyonye anya na-emerụ ahụ na nrụnye obibi.
Ngwaọrụ a na - ewepụta, ojiji ma nwekwa ike igbanwe ike ikuku redio, ma ọ bụrụ na etinyeghị ya ma jikwaa ya na ntuziaka ndị ahụ, nwere ike ibute ndabichi na-emerụ ahụ na nkwukọrịta redio. Agbanyeghị, enweghị nkwa na nnyonye anya agaghị eme na otu nrụnye.
Ọ bụrụ na akụrụngwa a na - ebute nnyonye anya na redio ma ọ bụ nnabata telivishọn, enwere ike kpebisie ike site na ịgbanye
Gbanyụọ ma gbanyụọ, a gbara onye ọrụ ume ka ọ gbalịa idozi nnyonye anya site na otu ma ọ bụ karịa n'ime usoro ndị a:
- Reorient ma ọ bụ weghachite antenna nnata.
- Mee nkewa dị n'etiti akụrụngwa na onye nata.
- Jikọọ akụrụngwa n'ime ụzọ ntanetị dị iche na nke ejikọtara onye nata ya.
- Gakwuru onye na-ere ahia ma ọ bụ onye ọrụ redio / TV nwere ahụmahụ maka enyemaka.
Nkwupụta Nkwenye ISED
Ngwaọrụ a nwere transmitter (s) / ndị na - anabata ihe na - enweghị ikike nke gbasoro Innovation, Science and Economic
Mmepe RSS (s) nke enweghị ikike ikike Canada. Ọrụ dị n'okpuru ọnọdụ abụọ a: (1) Ngwaọrụ a nwere ike ọ gaghị
(2) Ngwaọrụ a ga-anabata nnyonye anya ọ bụla, gụnyere nnyonye anya nke nwere ike ibute ọrụ nke ngwaọrụ ahụ.
America
Ụlọ ọrụ Skullcandy, Inc.
6301 N Landmark Dr.
Ogige Park, UT 84098, USA
Skullcandy.com
Canada
Skullcandy Canada ULC
329 Railway St. Nkeji 205,
Vancouver, BC. V6A 1A4
Canada
Skullcandy.ca
Europe
Ọnụ ego nke Skullcandy Europe BV
PONUMX PO Box
5500AK Veldhoven
Nederland
Skullcandy.eu
Akụrụngwa: V1.8
Sọftụwia: V2.0
Ọrụ Bluetooth: 2402MHz-2480MHz <4dBm
Nwere Li-ion batrị.
A ghaghị ịchọta batrị
MA Ọ B DIS N'DISBPP OFTA INWETA.
WARDỌ AKA NA NT:: Mkpagbu ihe ize ndụ - obere akụkụ. Ọ bụghị maka ụmụaka.
Nlereanya: S2JSW
NJ FCC: Y22-S2JSW
EC: 10486A-S2JSW
Ajuju gbasara Skullcandy Jib + nọ n'ọrụ / JibXT na-arụ ọrụ Blueooth Earbuds? Biputere na-ekwu!
Download Skullcandy Jib + Active / JibXT Ọrụ Blueooth Earbuds Manual [PDF]


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YATO ỌLELL PR AKW PRKWỌ OFLỌ ỌZỌ ỌZỌ NA-EME AKW MKWỌ AKW MKWỌ AKW MKWỌ AKW TOKWỌ AKWOLKWỌ AKWOLKWỌ AKW YKWỌ YT-09003
Description
Product nkọwa
Ọkachamara ụlọ ọrụ YATO ọkachamara. A kwadebere ya na drawer 12 na ihe mmịfe bọọlụ. Profaịlụ nke ejiri mpempe akwụkwọ nchara abụọ. Ọdịdị zuru ụwa ọnụ na -enye ohere idozigharị kabinet na ihe ndị ọzọ. Mkpọchi etiti na mmechi onye ọ bụla maka drawer ọ bụla. Ụlọ kabinet ahụ nwere ihe mgbochi nkuku nke na -echebe megide mmebi mberede, dịka ahụ ụgbọ ala. Ngwongwo igwe - ibu kachasị na tebụl 600 n'arọ. Ọ dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala na ọdụ ụgbọ ala.
Akụkụ: 1130x570x1000MM;
Ihe ntụnyere 6 W/ Bọọlụ
(3 Obere, 2 etiti, 1 nnukwu), 6 MINI DRAWERS (3 Obere, 2 Etiti, 1 Nnukwu);
Ngwá ọrụ metal;
Mkpọchi etiti;
Ike kacha: Obere drawer - 25Kg, drawer etiti - 35kg, nnukwu drawer - 35kg;
MGBE: Akụkụ: obere drọwa - 533X391X58MM, drawer etiti - 533X391X128MM, nnukwu drawer - 533X391X195MM;
4 Wheel 160Mm: 2 ofu, 2 Castors (1 W/ breeki);
Arọ: 102Kg
Ngwaọrụ YATO
Ogologo oge, izu oke nke ịrụ ọrụ, ihe ndị magburu onwe ya, nchara dị elu bụ njirimara teknụzụ nke ngwaahịa YATO, bụ ndị na-enye nsogbu gbasara mpaghara atọ: ọrụ, iwu ụlọ na ogige. Ndị ọkachamara na ọtụtụ ọrụ akụ na ụba na-eji ngwa YATO na ngwa ikuku. Ahụhụ na-adịgide adịgide na ogologo oge ga-eme ka YATO tinye n'ọrụ na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ọnọdụ ọrụ.
Action:Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ajụjụ ọ bụla gbasara ngwongwo, biko egbula oge kpọtụrụ anyị.


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Ụdị efere a bụ ihe na-atọ ụtọ. Zucchini bụ akwukwo nri nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ onye ọ bụla na-amasị ya, n'ihi na ọ na-eri obere calorie na ekpomeekpo ya. Iji mee ezigbo uzommeputa anyị nwere ike ime ka ha jupụta na nke a anyị chere na anyị ga-eme ihe ngwa ngwa. Ọ gaghị ewe ogologo oge, naanị nzọụkwụ ole na ole dị mfe na nkeji ole na ole n'ime oven iji mechaa njedebe ahụ.
Ọ bụrụ na ị na-amaja na ụdị ntụziaka a ị nwere ike ịnwale "zucchini achịcha" o "Zucchini juru eju na-apụta".
- 2 courgettes ma ọ bụ 4 courgette bases
- Ọkara yabasị
- Ọkara otu teaspoon nke garlic ntụ ntụ
- Mkpọ tuna na mmanụ
- 150 g nke pee pewn
- 2 tablespoons nke ọka wit ntụ ọka
- 4 tablespoons grated mozzarella cheese
- Iko 1 mmiri ara ehi
- Sal
- Oliv mmanụ
- Anyị ga-ebu ụzọ mee ndochi. anyị bee yabasị, Anyị na-ewere ọkara ma mee obere iberibe.
- Kpoo nnukwu ite frying na ngaji mmanụ abụọ. Mgbe ọ dị ọkụ, tinye ya pee pewn na-esote ntụ ntụ na ntụtụ nnu. Anyị na-enye ha ụzọ abụọ ma wepụ ha na pan. Anyị na-ahapụ mmanụ.
- Anyị na-akwadebe ntọala ndị uwe ojii na anyị ga-ewepụ ha. Anyị ga-enyere onwe anyị aka na ngaji ma ọ bụ ngaji pụrụ iche iji mee obere bọọlụ.
- Were njuputa ma bee ya nke ọma. N'ime ite frying gara aga tinye ntakịrị mmanụ, gbakwunye ya chopped yabasị ka ọ dị jụụ.
- Mgbe ahụ, anyị na-agbakwụnye nri ọnụ na ntakịrị nnu. Anyị ga-esi nri ya ruo mgbe ọ dị nro.
- Tinye tablespoons abụọ nke ntụ ọka wit, anyị na-enye di na nwunye nke ntụgharị ma wụsa iko mmiri ara ehi. Anyị na-ahapụ ya ka o sie ya, na-akwụsịghị akpali ruo mgbe anyị hụrụ ihe e mere anyị na béchamel
- Tinye mkpọ nke tuna n'ime mmanu na ube na anyị nwere iche. Wepu, hapụ ka esi nri naanị nkeji 1 ma wepụta ya.
- Tinye courgettes na nnukwu efere ma kpuchie ha na ihe nkiri plastik ngwa ndakwa nri Anyị na-akwado ngwa ndakwa nri Nkeji 9 na ike zuru oke.
- Anyị na-ewepụ ha ma hapụ ha ka ha dajụọ ntakịrị, anyị na-eme mmemme oven na 200 Celsius.
- Jupụta courgettes, tinye ya grated chiiz ma tinye ha na oven ka ọ na-acha aja aja. Anyị na-eche nkeji ole na ole ka anyị hụ cheese bụ gratin. Anyị ga-adị njikere ije ozi.


text:
PB2000A-PB6000A ikuku jụrụ oyi ụdị EPS ngọngọ ịkpụzi igwe
Nkọwa ngwaahịa
Mkpado ngwaahịa
Okwu Mmalite igwe
A na-eji igwe EPS Block Molding Machine mee ihe mgbochi EPS, wee bepụ ya na mpempe akwụkwọ maka mkpuchi ụlọ ma ọ bụ mbukota.Ngwaahịa ndị a ma ama sitere na mpempe akwụkwọ EPS bụ ogwe Sanwichi EPS, ogwe 3D, mgbidi mkpuchi ime na mpụta, nkwakọ ngwaahịa iko, nkwakọ ngwaahịa wdg.
Igwe na-akpụzi ihe mkpuchi ikuku EPS dabara adaba maka obere ikike ikike yana mmepụta ihe mgbochi dị ala, ọ bụ igwe EPS akụ na ụba.Site na teknụzụ pụrụ iche, igwe mkpuchi mkpuchi ikuku anyị nwere ike ime 4g / l density blocks, ngọngọ kwụ ọtọ ma dịkwa mma.
Igwe mejuputara na isi ahụ, igbe njikwa, ihe na-afụ ọkụ, sistemu nha wdg.
Atụmatụ igwe
1. Igwe ahụ na-anabata Mitsubishi PLC na Winview ihuenyo mmetụ maka oghere akpaaka akpaaka, mmechi mmechi, ndochi ihe, steaming, idebe okpomọkụ, ikuku jụrụ oyi, mwepu na ịchụpụ.
2. Machine si niile ogwe isii bụ site okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ hapụ ịgbado ọkụ nchegbu, nke mere na ogwe ike deform n'okpuru elu okpomọkụ;
3. Ebu oghere na-mere nke pụrụ iche aluminum alloy efere na elu-arụmọrụ okpomọkụ conduction, aluminum efere ọkpụrụkpụ 5mm, na Teflon mkpuchi maka mfe demoulding.
4. Igwe na-edozi ihe na-eme ka ọ dị elu maka ihe na-aṅụ.A na-eme ka ọ dị jụụ site na ikuku convection site na ikuku.
5. Efere igwe sitere na profaịlụ ígwè dị elu, site na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, siri ike na enweghị nrụrụ.
6. A na-achịkwa ejection site na mgbapụta hydraulic, ya mere ndị na-emepụta ihe niile na-agbanye ma laghachi n'otu ọsọ ahụ;


text:
Igwe Okwu Designlọ ihe eji emepụta Switzerland bụ BERNHARD | BURKARD chepụtara OYO pụrụ iche nke na-ekwu okwu. Speakerdị onye na-ekwu okwu bụ okirikiri zuru oke na-enweghị ezigbo nguzo. Onye na-ekwu okwu BALLO na-atọgbọ, mpịakọta ma ọ bụ kpọgidere maka ahụmịhe egwu ogo ogo 360. Ihe okike a na-agbaso ukpuru ndi eji eme ihe. Akara mara mma na-ejikọ ọkwa abụọ. Ọ na - echekwa onye na - ekwu okwu ma bulie ụda bass mgbe ị dina n’elu ala. Onye na-ekwu okwu ya nwere batrị Lithium nwere ike ịrụgharị ma rụọ ọrụ na ọtụtụ ngwaọrụ ọnụnụ. Igwe jaket 3.5mm bụ nkwụnye mgbe niile maka isi okwu. Igwe okwu BALLO dị na agba iri.
Aha oru ngo : Ballo, Aha ndị na-emepụta ya : Bernhard Burkard, Aha onye ahịa : BERNHARD | BURKARD .
Ihe ngosi nka a bu ihe mmeri nke onyinye platinum n’egwuregwu egwurugwu, egwuregwu na egwuregwu a na-enwe n’iru ahia. Ga-ahụrịrị na okike ndị na-emepụta ihe eji emepụta platinum na-enweta ihe pụrụ iche iji chọta ọtụtụ ihe egwuregwu ụmụaka ọhụrụ, ihe ọhụụ, ihe egwuregwu na ihe okike.


text:
Tutankhamun
Tutankhamun (ha na de'kwa ya Tutenkh-, -amen, -amon), na asusu Kemeti: twt-¿nḫ-ı͗mn; *tuwt-ʕankh-yamān (obiri na afo nke 1341 BC, nwuo na afo 1323 BC) bu Pharoah garaga nke ndi Kemeti na afo iri asato ndi obodo Kemeti, biri. Aha ya, Tutankhaten, na'susu Igbo bu "onyonyo chi nke ha na kpo Aten di ndu", Tutankhamun bukwa "onyonyo chi nke ha na kpo Amun di ndu".
Afo 1922 bu mgbe onye ha na kpo Howard Carter huru ebe hé liri Tutankhamun. O bu mbge uwa ni'le choro i ma, na choro i hu ebe hé liri ya. Nchoputa nke Carter choputara mere ndi madu i chori ma ihe basiri Kemeti nke mbu. Ekpo hé jiri é lié Tutankhamun bu ihe ndi madu nile mara basiri Kemeti.
Ndu Tutankhamun[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Tutankhamun di nani afo asato, ma onwere ki bu afo itolu, mgb'o banyere i bu pharaoh. O bu afo iri o bu pharaoh ndi Kemeti.


text:
EIBOARD Interactive Terminal V3.0 bụ usoro njikwa klaasị nwere ọgụgụ isi gụnyere sistemụ ndekọ ndụ yana ngwọta IoT.Dị ka usoro ndekọ dị ndụ, ọ nwere ike inyere ndị nkuzi na ụmụ akwụkwọ aka ịnweta nkuzi na mmụta n'ịntanetị n'ụzọ dị mfe n'etiti klaasị dị iche iche, na usoro nkuzi nwere ike ịdekọ ndụ.N'ịbụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka klas na-emeghe na ịdekọ ihe ọmụmụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, ọ na-akwado ịdekọ nkuzi nkuzi zuru oke site na vidiyo na ọdịyo, na-akwadokwa ịkọrọ nkuzi nkuzi site na 1 klas gaa na klas ndị ọzọ. Ihe a bụ maka ụlọ nnabata.Dịka sistemụ IoT nwere ọgụgụ isi, ọ na-enyere aka ijikwa ọnọdụ obibi anyị n'ụzọ ikuku na adaba.
Ịkekọrịta klaasị dị mma: The klas ewu nke obodo larịị ụlọ akwụkwọ Central ụlọ akwụkwọ na elu àgwà nkuzi akụrụngwa bụ mmekọrịta nkuzi nke ndekọ na mgbasa ozi klaasị, elu-edu nkuzi akụrụngwa na-agbasa video, audio, ndịna-emeputa na ederede site na mmekọrịta n'elu ikpo okwu, na echekwara dị ka ozizi akụrụngwa site na ndekọ na. agbasa ozi n'ikuku usoro, Live agbasa ozi n'ikuku, na-ina, management na centralized akara nke nkuzi akụrụngwa site akụ n'elu ikpo okwu software.Sistemụ IoT na-enwe ike ijikwa ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ site na ọdụ mmekọrịta, dịka.ntụ oyi, ọkụ na ohere njikwa usoro wdg.
* K-12 nkuzi mmekọrịta (Site na sọftụwia, ọnụ ụlọ nnabata nwere ike imekọrịta na ọnụ ụlọ nkuzi)
* Mmụta dịpụrụ adịpụ (Nwa akwụkwọ nwere ike ịmụta ihe site n'ebe dị anya)
* Mmụta n'ịntanetị (Nwa akwụkwọ nwere ike ịmụ ihe n'ịntanetị)
* Mmụta K12
* Mmụta dị elu
* Mmụta aka ọrụ


text:
Drain Weasel Sink Snake Cleaner - 18 inch - Drain Hair Clog Remover Tool with Rotating Handle & Wand Refills - Dị Mkpa, Na-agbanwe agbanwe, Dị Mfe Iji Na Ọtụtụ Drains & Grates
Product Ihe
Ngwaahịa
Njirimara
Mwepụ nke mkpọchi ozugbo:na ntụgharị ntụgharị 360, agwọ weasel agwọ na-edozi ihe mgbochi gị kachasị ukwuu! Micro nko, ọ nwere ike ịgbachi ntutu, unyi na unyi n'emebighị ọkpọkọ gị ma ọ bụ ijide akụkụ drainage.
Super ogologo imewe:18 sentimita asatọ ogologo, miri emi, ike iru clogged sink ma ọ bụ bathtub abụghịzi nke njikwa! Ngwá ọrụ dị ezigbo mkpa ma na-agbanwe agbanwe na-agagharị gburugburu ma na-abanye n'ime ọtụtụ drains na grilles na-enweghị wepụ ihe nkwụnye mmiri.
Mfe iji:ọbụghị onye ome pọmpụ? nsogbu adịghị! A na-ekewa ọrụ dị mfe iji mepe emepe ụzọ ụzọ atọ. Naanị tinye mkpanaka ahụ, megharịa aka ahụ, ma wepụ ihe mgbochi ahụ. Mgbe dredging, tụba wand ahụ n'ime ájá wee jiri karama mejupụtara dochie ya, ya mere ọ nweghị nsogbu.
Reusable "ngwa ngwa jikọọ" ọgwụgwọ:na ngwa ngwa jikọọ teknụzụ na ọgwụ plastik a kpụrụ, ihe nkedo na-eme ka ebe ahụ dị mma n'ihi ọrụ gị! Ngwaahịa na-adịgide adịgide dị mkpa maka ezinụlọ niile
Drain weasel flume agwọ - drain mwepụ mwepụ kit na-agụnye rotary njikwa na mini nko tinye mmanya
18.5 sentimita asatọ ogologo!
Ngwọta
Isi ntutu bụ isi ihe na - eme ngwa ngwa na mmiri ịsa ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ngwa ngwa na-agba ọsọ, ịsa ahụ ma ọ bụ mmiri ịsa ahụ, ọ ga-abụ na ntutu na ncha agbakọtara n'akụkụ elu nke drain ahụ n'akụkụ plọg drain ahụ.
Ndị na-ehichapụ mmiri ọgwụ na-ewe 30-60 nkeji ma anaghị arụ ọrụ na ngwa ngwa ndị a na-agba ọsọ ma ọ bụ na-ekpuchi.
Ihe mkpofu ahihia ntutu, nke nwere obere nko ya, na-edozi ụdị ọkpọkọ ndị a kpochiri emechi ozugbo.


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Ngwa eji eme ka carbon dị ọcha JXT
Nkọwa ngwaahịa
Mkpado ngwaahịa
Ụkpụrụ ọrụ
Ma na catalytic deoxidization na chemical deoxidization, chọrọ hydrogen, ma enweghị hydrogen isi iyi na mpaghara ụfọdụ, pụrụ iche melite amonia decomposition hydrogen mmepụta ngwaọrụ, dị ka mmepụta gburugburu ebe obibi na-adịghị ekwe ma ọ bụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ, ya mere, anyị na-eji carbon ibu ọcha. ngwaọrụ, n'okpuru a ụfọdụ okpomọkụ, ma ihe fọdụrụ nke oxygen na carbon catalyst na carbon oxidation mmeghachi omume: The CO2 eme site C + O2 e wepụrụ site nrụgide mgba ọkụ usoro adsorption na miri dehydrated iji nweta elu ịdị ọcha nitrogen (99.9995%) .Ọ na-achọ mgbe niile. mgbakwunye nke carbon deoxidizer na ọ dịghị achọ iji hydrogen.
Usoro ahụ nwere teknụzụ dị elu, nkwụsi ike dị mma na ịdị ọcha dị elu nke nitrogen.
Ngosipụta teknụzụ
◆ Ọdịnaya nitrogen: 10-1000Nm3 / h
◆ Nitrogen dị ọcha: ≥99.9995%
Ọdịnaya oxygen: ≤5PPm ebe igirigi: ≤-60℃
Nka nka
◆ Ezi nkwụsi ike, ikuku oxygen na-achịkwa nke ọma n'okpuru 5PPm;
◆ Ịdị ọcha dị elu, ịdị ọcha nitrogen ≥99.9995%;
◆ Mmiri dị ala, ebe igirigi ≤-60 ℃;
◆ H2 n'efu, kwesịrị ekwesị maka hydrogen, oxygen nwere ihe siri ike chọrọ nke usoro ahụ.


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Baịbụlụ bụ ntọ-ala nke usoro ọlụ Kristen Sayensi. Sayensi na Arụike nke Mery Baker Eddy dere nenyocha iwu ime mmụọ nke bụ ihe ndabere banyere ọgwụgwọ ọrịa na mmụnwe nke Baịbụlụ nenye, na etu agesi were ya gbo mkpa nile nakpa mmadụ.
Ụmụ-akwụkwọ Kristen Sayensi nagụ Ọmụmụ ihe Baịbụlụ nke izu-ụka, nke anebipụta na Christian Science Quarterly [Kwọtali], ọ nerute kwa onye ọbụla aka online mọbụ n’Ọba Akwụkwọ nile nke Kristen Sayensi. Izu-ụka nile ihe ọmụmụ ọhụ nke nwere ahịrị sitere na Baịbụlụ, site kwa na Sayensi na Arụike neme ka e nwe echiche nke nagwọ ọrịa nke apụkwara itinye n’ọlụ iji gbo ọtụtụ nsogbu nke mmadụ nagabiga kwa ụbọchị. Eziokwu ime mmụọ ndịa ka enwere ike itinye n’ọlụ n’ụzọ dị ire iji kwa gbochie ọtụtụ ihe metutara ụmụ mmadụ, dịka mpụ, nsogbu banyere ogige ebe mmadụ bi, agha, na ụbịam.
Izu-ụka ọbụla mmadụ abụa ndị Ọgụ-ihe nagụpụta ya dịka oziọma nke ụbọchị ụka na Church of Christ, Scientist gburugburu ụwa nile. Iji nghọta we nege ntị n’ihe ọmụmụ Baịbụlụ neme ka enwe ike tinye echiche nile enwetara n’ọmụmụ ihe ahụ n’ọlụ; ọ nenye aka ime ka onye ọbụlụ nọ nebe ahụ n’oge ahụ rite uru site nịnata ọgwụgwọ ọrịa, ọ naba kwara obodo uru. Ihe-ọmụmụ Baịbụlụ bụ ihe dị mkpa nke mejupụtara ihe anakụziri ụmụntakịrị ndị ntoroọbịa nime Kristen Sayensi Sọnde Skool nile.


text:
BIOMETER Hot ire Laboratory Akụrụngwa njikwa okpomọkụ Carbon Dioxide Incubator
Nkọwa ngwaahịa
Mkpado ngwaahịa
Njirimara isi
1. Touch ihuenyo njikwa
※Iji nnukwu ihuenyo mmetụ aka, kama usoro ọrụ bọtịnụ ọdịnala, dị mfe iji rụọ ọrụ, dị mfe dezie mmemme.Ihe njikwa ọrụ njikwa English Nhọrọ.
※Enwere ike igosipụta usoro ọrụ ozugbo, yana ọrụ nchịkọta curve, nwere ikeozugbo lelee okpomọkụ, iru mmiri, CO2 ịta ahụhụ nke otu atọ nke mgbanwe mgbanaka na mkpu na-adịghị mma ma mepee ma mechie ozi na otu oge.
※Mgbe ntinye data na ọnọdụ nwale gasịrị, onye njikwa ahụ nwere ngalaba mkpọchi ihuenyo iji zere mmetụ aka aka na mmechi na-adịghị mma..
※Ọrụ ndekọ ndekọ ọrụ igwe elekere 72, dabara maka ndị ọrụ iji soro ọnọdụ ndị na-adịghị mma wee chọpụta ozi ọrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme..
※Nhọrọ RS-485 nkwurịta okwu interface, ị nwere ike chepụta mmemme nacomputer, nyochaa usoro nnwale ma rụọ ọrụ nke igwe ngbanwe.
2. Usoro nlekota okpomọkụ
※IncubatorSistemụ njikwa okpomọkụ Pt100 onye na-achọpụta okpomọkụ na-eme ka ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị mma na incubator.Enwere ike imezi ike ọkụ ọkụ n'oge dị adị site na ọdịiche dị n'etiti ezigbo okpomọkụ dị na igbe ahụ na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke setịpụrụ iji hụ na ihe ziri ezi nke ezigbo okpomọkụ dị na igbe ahụ.Enwere ike iweghachite okpomọkụ ule n'ime nkeji 3 ka onye ọrụ meghere ma mechie ụzọ maka nlele na ime ụlọ.
※Ọnụ ụzọ igbe dị n'èzí nke ọnụ ụzọ okpomọkụ usoro ikpo ọkụ nwere ọrụ kpo oku.Okpomọkụ ọnụ ụzọ na-esote igbe igbe ma dị ntakịrị elu karịa okpomọkụ igbe.
※Sistemụ nleba anya ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke gburugburu ebe obibi, onye na-achọpụta ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-adabere na ya, nwere ike gbanwee CO na-akpaghị aka dị ka mgbanwe nke okpomọkụ gburugburu ebe obibi na nnwale ahụ, usoro ikpo ọkụ nke incubator, iji zere ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-ejupụta na incubator.
※Usoro nchebe oke okpomọkụ na-adabere na sistemụ njikwa okpomọkụ dị njikere karịa usoro njikwa okpomọkụ nke CO2 incubator.Mgbe usoro nchịkwa okpomọkụ nke incubator na-enweghị nchịkwa n'ihi ọdịda, usoro nchebe nke oke okpomọkụ ga-ewepụ ọkụ ọkụ na-akpaghị aka ma nye ụda olu na-ahụ anya mgbe okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ruru oke okpomọkụ setịpụrụ uru nke njikwa.
※Nchọpụta ozugbo nke ọkụ ọkụ nke incubator.Mgbe ọdịda ike ma ọ bụ mfu pụtara, a ga-eziga mgbaama mkpu na-anụ na anya ozugbo iji hụ na ọrụ incubator dị mma na ntụkwasị obi na-enweghị ihe mberede.
3. Usoro igba ogwu
※IncubatorSistemụ njikwa okpomọkụ Pt100 onye na-achọpụta ọnọdụ okpomọkụ, iji hụ na okpomọkụ ziri ezi na incubator.Enwere ike imezi ike ọkụ ọkụ n'oge dị adị site na ọdịiche dị n'etiti ezigbo okpomọkụ dị na igbe ahụ na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke setịpụrụ iji hụ na ihe ziri ezi nke ezigbo okpomọkụ dị na igbe ahụ.Enwere ike iweghachite okpomọkụ ule n'ime nkeji 3 ka onye ọrụ meghere ma mechie ụzọ maka nlele na ime ụlọ..
※Usoro ikpo ọkụ ọnụ ụzọ nwere ọrụ kpo oku nke ọnụ ụzọ igbe dị n'èzí.Ọnụ ụzọ okpomọkụ na-esote igbe okpomọkụ ma dị ntakịrị elu karịa igbe okpomọkụ, nke nwere ike igbochi ọnụ ụzọ iko ahụ nke ọma na-emepụta mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ, mee ka nlele nke usoro nyocha ahụ dị mfe, ma zere ohere nke mmetọ microbial kpatara site na mmiri condensation nke sitere na mmiri. ọnụ ụzọ enyo ahụ.
※Onye na-achọpụta ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke nwere onwe ya nke usoro nlekota ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nwere ike gbanwee CO na-akpaghị aka dị ka mgbanwe nke okpomọkụ dị na nnwale ahụ, na usoro ikpo ọkụ nke incubator nwere ike izere ihe omume nke oke okpomọkụ na incubator.
※Usoro nchebe oke okpomọkụ na-adabere na sistemụ njikwa okpomọkụ dị njikere karịa usoro njikwa okpomọkụ nke CO2 incubator.Mgbe usoro nchịkwa okpomọkụ nke incubator na-enweghị nchịkwa n'ihi ọdịda, usoro nchebe nke oke okpomọkụ ga-ewepụ ọkụ na-akpaghị aka ma nye ụda egwu na-ahụ anya mgbe okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ruru oke okpomọkụ setịpụrụ uru nke njikwa.
※Nchọpụta ozugbo nke ọkụ ọkụ nke incubator.Mgbe ọdịda ike ma ọ bụ mfu pụtara, a ga-eziga akara ngosi ụda na anya ozugbo, ka incubator wee rụọ ọrụ nke ọma na ntụkwasị obi na-enweghị ihe mberede..
4. HEPA nzacha
※Microbial HEPA nzacha
Ejiri ntinye CO2 nwere microbial HEPA filter maka dayameta>: Site na irighiri ihe 0.3um, arụmọrụ filtration ruru 99.99%, na-enyocha nje bacteria na uzuzu nke ọma na CO2 gas.
※HEPA arụmọrụ dị elunyo.
Ogo gas dị na CO2 incubator bụ ihe ngosi dị mkpa iji tụọ gburugburu gburugburu omenala cell.Ihe nzacha HEPA nwere ike ihichapụ nje bacteria na uzuzu n'ikuku nke ọma, wepụ ma gbochie mmetọ ikuku nke dị n'èzí na incubator, nke mere na incubator na-anọkarị n'ọnọdụ adịghị mma.Nkeji 5 ka emechiri ọnụ ụzọ, ikuku ikuku dị na igbe ahụ nwere ike iweghachi ngwa ngwa na ọkwa 100 dị ọcha.Ihe nzacha HEPA dị mfe ịkwasa na ikpokọta na-enweghị ngwaọrụ.


text:
-Anyị bụ ndị ọkachamara na ọzụzụ mmekọrịta mmekọrịta ndị ọrụ
-Anyị bụ ndị ọkachamara na mpụga Vulnerability Ntụle
-Anyị bụ ndị ọkachamara na nyocha ihe ọghọm dị n'ime
-Anyị bụ ndị ọkachamara na mgbochi Ransomware yana omume kacha mma
– Anyị bụ ndị ọkachamara na-achọpụta Wireless Access Point Mis-Configurations
Gịnị kpatara o ji dị mkpa inyocha ngwa webụsaịtị gị?
Ndị na-agba ọsọ nwere ike itinye koodu ọjọọ n'ime gị website ọ bụrụ na ihe nkesa webụsaịtị na-agba ọsọ ngwa ngwa na ihe nkesa ma ọ bụ plugins nke kwesịrị imelite. Nke a bụ ebe anyị nwere ike inye aka chọpụta adịghị ike ndị a.
Gịnị mere o ji dị mkpa inyocha ebe nnweta gị?
Ndị na-agba ọsọ n'ime obodo nwere ike ịwapụ sistemu gị n'ụzọ dị mfe ma jiri ya mee ihe ọjọọ ma ọ bụrụ na ha nwere ike nyochaa wee chọta ebe ị ga-esi nweta ebe adịghị mma. Ha nwere ike ịbanye na sistemụ gị n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma na ebe ị ga-enweta n'ime nkeji 10.
Kedu ihe kpatara anyị ji bụrụ ndị ọkachamara na ọzụzụ mmekọrịta mmekọrịta nke Cyber Security?
Ọzụzụ mweta cyber anyị kwesịrị ịga nke ọma karịa izipu ndị ọrụ ozi-e phishing emebere. Ha ga-aghọtarịrị ihe ha na-echebe na ọrụ ha na-arụ n'ichebe nzukọ ha. Ha ga-aghọtarịrị, ha na nzukọ gị na-arụkọ ọrụ. Mee ka ọzụzụ mmụta cyber nke mmekọrịta anyị na-enyere ndị ọrụ gị aka ịghọta odida obodo nke ojoro na injinịa mmekọrịta nke ndị omempụ na-eji ka ha wee nwee ike ichebe akụ gị.
Kedu ihe kpatara anyị ji bụrụ ndị ọkachamara na nyocha mpụ na nke ime?
Anyị na-eji ọtụtụ ngwaọrụ iji chọpụta nleba anya adịghị ike nwere ezigbo ụgha dị ala. Anyị na-enye ndị ahịa anyị akụkọ zuru ezu nke na-enyere ha aka ịchọpụta ihe dị oke mkpa na adịghị ike dị ala. Dabere na adịghị ike achọtara, anyị na ndị ahịa anyị na-arụkọ ọrụ iji mepụta atụmatụ kachasị mma iji belata ihe egwu niile achọpụtara.
Kedu ihe kpatara anyị ji bụrụ ndị ọkachamara na-emejuputa usoro mbelata Ransomware?
Nke a bụ ụfọdụ atụmatụ ransomware anyị ga-enyere gị aka mejuputa. -Na-eme nyocha nke adịghị ike mgbe niile iji chọpụta na dozie adịghị ike, karịsịa ndị dị na ngwaọrụ ndị na-eche ịntanetị, iji gbochie elu ọgụ.
- Mepụta, jikwaa ma megharịa atụmatụ nzaghachi ihe omume cyber na atụmatụ nkwukọrịta metụtara nke gụnyere usoro nzaghachi na ọkwa ọkwa maka ihe omume ransomware.
- Gbaa mbọ hụ na ahaziri ngwaọrụ nke ọma yana agbanyere atụmatụ nchekwa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, gbanyụọ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na protocol ndị na-adịghị eji achụmnta ego.


text:
YATO YT-71142 CHEAP NEW RATRACTABLE UTỌ AKA NT 3.5 12M / XNUMXFT
Description
3.5MX16MM / 12FT / 5/8 "; ABS AH;; Otu akụkụ obibi akwụkwọ; INCH & METRIC SCALE
YATO - NA nkwenye na teknụzụ
Ogologo oge, izu oke nke ogbugbu, ihe ndị magburu onwe ha na nchara dị elu bụ ihe ndị bụ isi nke ngwaahịa YATO, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ubi atọ: ụlọ ọrụ mmezi ụgbọ ala, ụlọ na ogige. Ndị ọkachamara ọkachamara n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-eji ngwa ọrụ YATO eme ihe na ikuku. Ọdịdị dị iche na nguzogide nke ngwa YATO mere ka ha nwee ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na ngwa ọrụ.
Ngwaọrụ YATO
Ogologo oge, izu oke nke ịrụ ọrụ, ihe ndị magburu onwe ya, nchara dị elu bụ njirimara teknụzụ nke ngwaahịa YATO, bụ ndị na-enye nsogbu gbasara mpaghara atọ: ọrụ, iwu ụlọ na ogige. Ndị ọkachamara na ọtụtụ ọrụ akụ na ụba na-eji ngwa YATO na ngwa ikuku. Ahụhụ na-adịgide adịgide na ogologo oge ga-eme ka YATO tinye n'ọrụ na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ọnọdụ ọrụ.
Action:Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ajụjụ ọ bụla gbasara ngwongwo, biko egbula oge kpọtụrụ anyị.