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{MS page 348a}Bui iarla saidhbir, socarthanach a Saxanaibh do shinnrudh diarba comainm Sir Gyi o Hamtuir, & do chaith se da trian a aisi & a aimsiri re gaisced & re gnathirgail; & ni roibhi bancheile aigi risin re-sin. & tugudur a aes gradha mur comurle dó ingen righ Albun do thabairt mur mnai. & is amlaidh ro bui an ingen-sin, & ro gradh adbulmor aici do mac an imper Almaindigh .i. Para a ainm-sidhe, & do bidh seisin di-si mur sin. & gidhedh is i fa comurli le righ Albun a thaburt d'iarla o Hamtuir ar egla a laime & a dighultus, uair ni roibi acht sruth Biroigi eturra, & gurb eidir le h-iarla o Hamtuir a les no a n-aimles do denum. Tug iarla o Hamtuir ingen rígh Albun, & do rindi a banais iarum, & thug leis h-í da chathraigh fein; & nír chian di gur ba h-alacht hi, & do rug gein minalainn mic, & tucadh Bibus d'ainm fair, & tugadh da oilemain e do Sir Saber .i. ridiri crodha fa derbrathair don iarla, et reliqua.
Aroile la dia roibi in cunndais cruadcuisech-sin aga fothrugudh ina seomra & do cunnaicc si a delbh fein & adubairt: Is truagh dhamh, ar-si, senoir crechtach, crolinntech ar caithemh forgla a aisi & a aimsiri do bheth mur cheile agum & mo cheile comain-si & mo cetgradh d'feruibh in talman .i. in
p.274t-imper óg Almaindech gan bancheile fós dom' serc-si & dom' sirgradh, & da fhedur, ar-sí, is gerr co n-ingen a thoil & a sirmían. Tug an oigrighan-sin sguiger da muindtir fein cuici, & do gab minda ruin108 fair, & do {MS page 348b} lig a coibhsena fris & do ghell na h-uili mhaith dó & dul uaithi a techtuirecht co ruicci in imperi, & a rad ris beth deich cet ridiri derbtha da morteghlach fein a furais fiadhaigh iarla o Hamtuir in dara la do shamrud. Dala in sguigir ro imigh roimhe asa h-aithli co cathraigh an impir, & fuair in t-imper innti, & ro innis a thosca & a techtairecht do co h-incleith. & Ba luthmenma lasin imperi na scela-sin; & ro ghell co n-ingned mur adubradh ris, & adubairt co n-ingned ridiri don sguiger fon am-sin. Tanicc in sguiger tar ais a cenn ingine righ Albun. & Ba maith leisi a menma ona scelaibh sin, & do rug as mur sin co tosuch samraidh, & do lig si galair guasachtach bregi da h-innsuigi fon am-sin, & adubairt co roibhi si a n-guasacht bais. Ro fiarfaigh in t-iarla cred tanic ré no in roibe furtacht uirre.
Adubairt an drochben celgach, mailisech, Ata, madh ail let-sa, ar-si, .i. mo saith d'fheoil oc-cullaigh allta do muirbfighi a furais an cuain do thabairt dam, ar-si. Do gebuir-si sin, bar in t-iarla, uair rachad-sa a maruch gun mo mhuintir d'faghail in cullaigh-sin duit. Na beir aenduine let, ar-si, acht do gilla con cud fir109 cloidhim, uair ni fhuil egla do muir na do thir fort, uair do gendais do sluaigh-si garta seitrecha selga, & do brisfidis fiadhac na furaisi na pailisi comdaigin claraigh ata ina timcill, & do fiucfigi an furais gan fhiadhach. Imtus iarla o Hamtuir ar maidin iarna marach do cuaidh isin furais co n-uathadh muindtiri maraen ris, & do ligedur an gadhur & do lodur asa h-aithli. & do cuaidh in t-iarla ara cinn ar in conuir & nir airigh aenni no co facaidh in t-imperi ina dochum co n-drecht n-dana, {MS page 349a} n-dasachtach, n-difhuluing, ar n-iadhad ina urthimchell; & ro caithsid frais fergach, firneimnech da n-armaibh ar aensligidh ris. Tuc in t-iarla lamtapadh laechda, lanarrachta fora cloidim & do gab do beimeannaibh bithnertmura fur muindtir an imper, co torcuir cet laech lanchalma don cetruathar leis. & do cuaidh iar-sin mur a facaidh an t-imper, & tug builli bithchalma do gur trasgair asa dilait e & cromuis air
p.275iar-sin dia choscairt & dia cnamgerradh. Do chuadur na h-Almainnig eturra co h-arrachta, & do rugadur in t-imper on toruind-sin, & do curedur ar ech allata, ardermach é, & ro iadhadar a timchill an iarla, & ro marbudur a sdét, & ro bui in t-iarla da chois, & urluighi arrachta, ainntreannta, irgalach, & comach cnaimgerrta aigi aga tabairt ar muindtir an imperi. Is ann-sin adubairt in t-imperi: A iarla o Hamtuirr, ar-se, tabur thu fein budhesta, & do gebuir h'anum. Adubairt in t-iarla: Da tugtha-sa ced imthechta damh & mo ben & mo mac do breith lium, do-beruinn mé féin duit. & do gell in t-imperi sin do, & ro iar a cloidim ar an iarla asa h-aithli, & tug an t-iarla sin do. & anuair fa rainic in cloidim a láim an imperi aingidhi, etroccuir, tug beim bedgnimach bais don iarla gur thesc a chenn da coluind, & do cuir techta leisin cenn cum ingine righ Albun mur sed suirgi, & fa luthairech le cenn a fir d'faicsin mur sin. Adubairt Bibus o Hamtuir, & se a cinn teora bliadan ann-sin, A merdreach, mailisech, míthaemannach, ar-se, is truagh in gnim do ronuis .i. in t-aeniarla is ferr ro búi sa cristaigecht do marbadh let; & rachaidh siud co h-olc duit fós. Ro lonnaighedh & ro luathfergaighedh in righan rena mac & ro cuir fo pein a anma ar Sir Saber bas do thabairt do Bibus. Adubairt Sir Saber co tibradh, {MS page 349b} & do rug leis co prap h-é, & do choimil usc & ola de, & do cuir sin delbh dochraidh, do-aithennta fair. & do cuir edach deroil, drochdatha uime, & do cuir a n-glenntaibh fiadamla fasaigh do comét muc é. Conidh i aidhedh iarla Hamtuir sin.
Dala in imperi iarum, tainic roime sa cathraigh cona muindtir, & ro h-ullmuighedh fledh bainnsi do; & in tan rob ullamh in fledh, do rinded aithfreann posta doibh. & do cuadur iarum do chaithem na baindsi; & ro dailedh in fledh forra, & ro eirigh seiseilbe & sarmenma isna sloghaibh. & do bi Bibus o Hamtuir an lá-sin faris na mucuib ar comgar na cathrach, & do ruc crain acu bainb, & do marbudur buachailli na muc cuid dona banbhuibh, & ro badur aga n-ithi do grísaigh, & do bi Bibus aga ithi leo. Adubradar na buachailli: Mor an metachus duit, a Bibuis, beth a cuidiugudh na m-banb-sa linne, & banais do
p.276mathar aca caithem a n-dunadh h'athar & do shenathar aniugh? Ro imig Bibus uatha leis-sin, & do cuaidh co dorus na cathrach, & do cuala110 se greadan & garta grenacha na gasraighi ag ol na fleidi. Tanic Bibus co dorus na cathrach, & ro iar oslugud; fochtuis in doirrseoir cuidh búi ann. Adubairt Bibus ba h-é muiccidhi Sir Saber. Adubairt in doirrseoir gur maith in dil esanora e tri iarraidh teacht sa cathraigh. An licfir astegh mé? ar Bibus. Ni licebh, ar-se, & da mbeinn amuig do curfinn a aithrechus ort techt dh'iarraidh osluicce. Adubairt Bibus: Da m-beithe-sa amuig agum-sa, ar se, do curfind a aithrechus ort gan mo ligen astegh. Do fergaighedh in doirrseoir trit-sin & tanic do marbadh Bibuis. Do toguib Bibus in caman cromcennach cuill, ro bi aigi ag timain na muc, & ro buail builli co brighmar a m-bathais an doirrseora de, & ba marbh in doirrseoir de-sin. Do chuaidh {MS page 350a} Bibus asteg in tan-sin amesc na sluagh & do cunnuic se in t-imper, & at-bert fris do guth ard, fhollusglan: A tigerna imperi, ar-se, is felltach, furmudach in gnim do ronuis .i. in t-iarla uasal, oirbidnech do marbadh gan fochuin do mian na merdrighi meblaighi, miceirdighi sin fur do gualainn. & adubairt: Ber do meirdreach let ad' crich & ad' cathraigh fein, & fag m'oighreacht & mo cathair dam-sa, uair is me Bibus, mac iarla o Hamtuir. Ro furail in t-imper Bibus do ceangal & do cruadhcuibrech. Iarna clos-sin do Bibus, ro glac a caman calma, cruadhnertmur, & ro buail tri builli ar an imper de innus gur bris & gur bruid in cumdach clochbuadhach, cengailti ro bui fura cenn an imperi, & gur dhoirt a fhuil co falcmar, & ro trascair fon m-bord é. Is ann-sin ro eirgedur teghlach & tromtinol in imperi do malairt Bibuis. Dala Bibuis iarom ro eirigh roime co dana, dethtapaidh, & do marbh dronga dibh lena chaman, do cuaidh as in cathraigh amach. & tarrla Sir Saber ina coinne do, & adubairt: A Bibuis, ar-se, .i. is truagh an gnim do ronuis dul sa cathraigh congairigh, ar egla h'aithennta innti, & co tiuradais bas duit da festais cia thú. & do gendais an cetna rium-sa da m-beth a fis acu co mairinn tu. Adubairt Bibus: Is maith in gnim do ronus, ar-se, oir is doigh gur dilus m'athair & gur marbus in t-imper. Iarna clos-sin do Sir Saber do rug se Bibus
p.277leis & ro fhoiligh e ina caislén fein. Ro imderg & ro aithisigh in t-imper ingin righ Albun & adubairt gur gell si bas do tabairt do Bibus, & co n-derrna-si brég ara gelladh. Do raidh in righan: Do berim-si mo briathur, {MS page 350b} ar-si, gur sailes co fuair se bas. ls ann-sin tanic ingen righ Alban amach, & adubairt re Sir Saber: A treturaigh, fhallsa, ar-sí, adubrais co tucuis bas go Bibus, & toitfir fein con do mnái & do mac ar son in gnima do rindi Bibus. & do gabadh Sir Saber iar-sin & a ben & a mac .i. Tirri, & do badar aca cur cum bais. Iarna clos-sin do Bibus tainic amach a fiadhnuse na righna & adubairt: A righan rechtmur, ro-aingidhi, saerter Sir Saber let & a ben & a mac ann a neimchin, & dentur do thoil féin dim-sa, osa me do rinde in gnim. Do gabadh Bibus iar-sin, & ro saerad Sir Saber cona mnai & cona mac, & adubairt ingen righ Alban re dis ridíri da muindtir do marbadh & comurtha a claiti do thabairt cuici. Do rugadur na ridiri Bibus leo dia milliudh, & ro bensat a etach de, & anuair do cunncadur gnuis alainn, furbailigh inn oig-maic, ro gab truaighi & tromneimeile iat & adubradar na ridiri: Is truagh duind, ar-siat, bas inn oig-mic neimcinntaigh-so do beth ar ar n-anmain. Adubairt Sir Saber: A ridiri uaisli, trocureacha, ar-sé, denaidh-si co maith .i. racaidh in mac risin luing paganta ata ag fagbail in cuain, & berdid sin an oirrter in domuin é, & ni fuighter a scela co brach aris. & do rinnedur amlaidh, & do rucadur na ridiri edach Bibuis iarna gerradh lena n-armaib lan d'fuil co ruigi in righuin. Conidh e-sin loinges Bibuis.
Dala na luingi inar cuiredh Bibus, nir an si no co rangadur d'iath toictech, tromconaich na Meirmidonda moire sa Greig. & ro bui paganach poinnighi, primarrachta ina rig fur an crich-sin .i. Eirmin a ainm-sidhe. & do bronnsad furenn na luingi Bibus don righ, & ro fiarfaigh Ermin scela de, cuidh e budein & ca tir do. Adubairt Bibus: Mac d'iarla Saxanach {MS page 351a} mé, ar-sé, & ro marbadh m'athair a fell, & do gentaighi me fein mur an cetna da m-bertai orum. Adubairt in rí: Creid dom deib-si, ar-sé, & do-ber-sa m'ingen do bancheile duit, & do dén oighri dit ar mo tigerntus. Adubairt Bibus nach treiccfed a tigerna fein .i. in t-athair nemdha ar maithus na cruinne co comlan. Dala
p.278Bibuis iarum ro búi se secht m-bliadna a gillacht ech don rig. Aroile la dia n-dechadar sescad ridiri do muindtir Ermin do gnim a n-ech & Bibus maraen riu. & ad-bert ridiri dibh: A Bibhuis, ar-se, in fidir tú créd é uaisliu an lae aniu isin crich & isin caemferunn a rugadh tú? Adubairt Bibhus: Ni cumuin lium créd í uaisli an lae aniugh ann, uair ataim secht m-bliadna o d'fhag an talam a rugud me, & secht m-bliadna ele m'áis da fagbail. Adubairt in ridiri: Ni mur sin dam-sa, ar-se; is cumain lium créd an uaisli fuil aguibh-si ar an la aniu, uair is comainm na h-aidhchi aréir da rucadh in dia da creidi-si. & is iat ar seinnsir-ne do croch h-é, is la nodlag ainm an lae aniugh aguib-si a crichuib Saxan. Adubairt Bibhus: Is truagh lium-sa, ar-se, gan nert agum a digailt oruibh-si a admail curob iad bur sinsir111 tug pais dom tigerna. Adubradar na ridiri paganta: Da m-beth nert agud-sa, do denta sin, ar-siat, & os againne atá, do denum an cetna rit-sa. Do cruinnigedur in da trichad ridiri ar aenslighi docum Bibuis dia malairt. Iarna faicsin-sin do Bibus do ben se a cloidheam don ridiri ro ba nesa dó dibh, & do buail é fein de co n-derna da n-orduin de. & ro buail fa na ridiribh iarum, & ro marb uile iat acht aentriar nama do cuaidh le luas a n-ech mur a roibhi in rí do chosaid in gnima-sin. Do cuaidh Bibus ina seomra {MS page 351b} co ferg n-adbuil tre gan dil a shainnti d'faghail do na paganachaibh. Do cuadur an triar ridiri sin, do cuaidh112 as o Bibus le cosait cum an righ, & ro innsidur Bibus do marbadh na ridiri. Do cuir an rí techta ar cenn Bibuis, & ro iaradur na techta leo é a cenn in rígh. Do thogaibh Bibus a cenn ona édach, & ro badur a shuili ar merlasudh ina cinn le ruamanntacht na rofergi. & adubairt Bibus: Da mad ridiri no lucht gaisgidh do tiucfad leisin techtairecht-sin, ní liccfind eladhach betha beo dibh, & ni fiu lium echt anusal na gillannradh do marbadh. Tangadur na techta co ruigi in rig; ro innsidar nar faem Bibus leo. Adubairt Sisian, ingen Ermín, co rachadh féin d'agallaim Bibuis, & do cuaid co n-dróing móir d'uasalmnaib maraen ria, & ro aigill si Bibus do briathraibh
p.279blasta, binngloracha. & do thurn sin ferg Bibuis, & tainic leisin righain a cenn in righ, & ro innis d'Ermin in t-adhbur trin ar marbh se na ridiri. Adubairt in righ: Maithmid duit marbadh na ridiri, ar-se, & do-bermid cairt do shidha duid, uair tuicmid in tan ata in grad úd agud ar an righ nach facais riam curub mó na sin do gradh orum-sa, uair is mé in ri do cunncais. Conidh amlaidh-sin do saeradh Bibus ar marbadh na ridiri.
Aroile lá iarum ro búi Eirmín a n-oirechtus ar céde na cathrach, co nn-faca ridiri da innsaighi & ech seng, salach, suaiti fái, & do thuirrling ar an fod a fiadhnuse in rig, & ro bennaigh do. Fochtuis in rí scela de, & adubairt in ridiri: Atait scela mora, ar-sé, .i. cullach naimdeamail neme ar techt ad' crich-si & ad' caemferunn, & daine & innilli imdha ar toitim les. Cuirtenna & caislein aga trascairt cum talmain co tromnertmur & ní h-incomrac fer in talman tromfoidigh risin pest naimdeamail, nemcarthanaigh-sin, &.is iat-sin mo scela, {MS page 352a} ar an ridiri. Do raid in rí co tiubradh se fonn & feronn, ór & airged & na h-uili maith don ti do traethfadh in bést bithgranda, bedgnimach-sin, & ni fuair fer a freastail ara theglach na ara tromshochruidi.
Dala Bibuis iarum, ar faghail uaingis dó do rug eideth & arm & ech leis, & do cuaidh d'iarraidh in cullaigh neme. Do bi Sisian in tan-sin ar barr a grianain & do cunnaic si Bibus ag dul do comruc risin pest nemi, & adubairt Sisian: Is truag mo chuit de sin, ar-si, uair is tú fer is annsa lium d'feruibh in talman, & ní fiu lium scela do innsin duit ar romét m'oigrechta & mo maithusa fein, & nach fes damh cred i h'uaisli-si na h'athairdecht. & Gideth da marbha in cullach thú, do gebh bas co bithurrlum dod' cumaidh, a Bibuis, ar-si. Do cuaidh Bibus iar-sin co ruigi in furais ana n-dubrad ris in cullach do beith, & tug builli brigmur, bithcalma fur in m-barr m-buabuill ro búi aigi, & nír cían do facaidh ina comduil in cullach cráesmór, cuibfhiaclach, cruadhcomlannach, & suile dubha, doimne, duaibhsecha, do fhechsana ina cinn, & mailgi mora, modardha osa dercuibh, & lasair lonnrach, loinderrdha ag techt tri polluibh a srona co seitreach, sirchalma, & asa gin gnúsgorm, grainemail, & caeba cruaidhrighni, crefoigi aga cur asa cosaibh co coilgdhirech aigi; & dairgi dainngni, dímóra,
p.280& cairrgi comora cloch aga n-gerradh co cruadhnertmur, co fortill, firarrachta aigi ag lúathlimadh & ag lanlímhugudh a fiacal ar cinn in comluinn & in cathaigi-sin; & tulca tromthalman & cairrgi comora cloch aigi aga dilgen do gach leth do dronn a shuic & a srona. Do cunnaic Bibus in cullach ina dochum; do leig spuir co spraicemail isin sded, & do chuaidh co segmur, socraidhech a coinne in cullaigh. {MS page 352b} & tug sathadh sanntach sleghi for in cullach, & do cuir ina craes hi, & do rindi in cullach blodha beca, brisdi, buanrebhtha do crann na sleghi iarna cogaint co cícarach dó. & do nocht Bibus a cloidhem co cetfadach iar m-brisedh a shleghi, & do ríndi urlaidhi ainmín, ainnsergach risin cullach co t-torcur leis marbh gan anmain a furcinn in comhluind. & do ben a cenn de asa h-aithli, & do cuir ar cenn a sleghi é, & do chuaidh ara sdét & ro dermuid a cloidhemh ar an fód ar ar clai se in cullach, & do gluais roime cum na cathrach.
& ro badur da ridiri dec do muindtir Ermín a coimét na furaisi in la-sin, & do cunncadur Bibus ag fagbail na furaisi & cenn an cullaigh aigi ar imchur. Adubradar na ridiri: An feicidh in treturach, celgach, cristaighi ar marbadh in cullaigh nemi? & imrem bás air, & berim cenn an cullaigh linn cum in righ, & abrum curub sinn do marbh é, & do gebum ar m-breath fein on rí. Do cuadur da ridiri dec na furaisi a coindi Bibuis dia malairt & dia mormarbadh, & ni roibi d'arm ag Bibus cum a cosanta acht fedh laime laich do crann cruaidh, craisighi, & do marbh se seiser do na ridirib do tri builli don crann-sin. Do cuadur seiser ele as dibh le luas a n-ech mur a roibh in righ, & do ronsad cosaid in gnima-sin. Ro bui Sisian, ingen Ermin, ac feithem in comhraic-sin aga dhenum, & do cuaidh si mur a roibi a h-athair & ro innis do mur do fhelladur ridiri coimeda na furaisi ar Bibus & mur do marb se seiser dib le bloidh bic do crann sleghi, & do shaer sin Bibus .i. in lethscel do gab Sisian do.
Fecht n-aen dia roibhi Eirmin ar faithci a dúnadh do cunnuic drong do ridiribh ac techt ina comdhail & litreacha fo selaib acu, & ro indsedur na litreacha co roibhi Bramon .i. rí na Damaisci ag {MS page 353a} techt d'iarraidh Sisian ingine Ermin d'ais no d'ecin. Is ann-sin ro fiarfaigh Ermin do Shisian113 nar cet le
p.281a tabairt do Brámon .i. do rí na Damaisci; adubairt Sisian nar cheat. Crédh in t-adhbur? ar in righ. Is é is adbur dam, ar-si, .i. curob me is oigri ort-sa, & da faghtha bas comad e in fer do beth agum-sa do beth na righ isin crich-so tar h'eis, & damad e Bramon ro ba ferceile dam ni h-annsa crich-so do anfadh se acht a císcain do breith leis ina thir fein & an tir-so do cur a tarcaisne tre gan rí do beth a comnaidhe innti; & is e sin in t-adhbur nach cet lium mo thabairt do Bramon. Adubairt an rig: Cred ele do denum? ar-se. Do dennir co maith, ar-si .i. dena-sa ridiri do Bibus o Hamtuir, & budh moidi leis a menma é, & tabur cennus do sluaigh dó, & cuir romud a tosuch catha e, & dom doigh-si do dena se gnim greannmur gaiscidh, uar do cunnac-sa e ac marbadh in cullaigh neime & an t-seisir ridiri le fedh laime do crann sleghi. Do rindi Ermin iarsin ridiri do Bibus, & tuc Sisian sciath & cloideam & ech dó, Arindel ainm in eich & Morglae ainm in cloidim. Tanicc iarsin ri na Damaisci cona mórsluagaibh d'innrudh & d'argain na Meirmidoine. Do cuir Ermin a sluagh ar enslighi & do chuaidh se a coinne Bramoin. & do cuaidh Bibus a tus in catha co feramail, firarrachta, & torcair catha & ceta leis co luath. & do comruicc sé re ri na Damaisci iar marbadh dó in crai catha ro bui aga imcoimét, & ro gab se in ri a mesc a muintiri, & do cuir cengal & cuibrigthi air, & do rug a n-airginaib broide & gabala é, & tuc do righ na Meirmidoine e dia coímed. Roimpa {MS page 353b} Sir Bibus iarsin re sluaghaibh na Damaisc & ro gab a cur a n-air, & fuair se dias do muindtir Eirmin aga n-dicennud a sluaghaibh na Damaisci, & ro saerad leis iat, & torcuir in drong ro bui aga n-dicennudh les. & do lenadur in da ridiri sin Sir Bibus a h-aitli a furtachta. Tar eis coscair & commaiti in catha sin tanic Bibus cnedach, crechtach, comurtach tara ais co cathair na Meirmedoine. Adubairt Ermin re Sisian Sir Bibus do breith le da leiges ina grianan fein. Conidh amlaidh sin do cuir Sir Bibus in cath-sin ar righ na Damaisci, & reliqua.
Dala righ na Meirmidoine iarum, do boin sé a uili maithus mur fhuasgladh as righ na Damaisci, & fregra cisa & cana ar fedh a betha & comurle Ermin do denum ar gach ni. Dala
p.282Sisian, ingine Ermin, do rug si Bibus le da leigus, & do cuir na suidhi ar colba a h-imduigi h-e, & adubairt ris: A Sir Bibuis, ar-si, ní fuarus fein re t'agallaim tú co ruigi so, uair is tu mo rogha nuachair & mo cetgradh d'feruibh an betha, & is tú is ail lium do beth mar ceile agum. Adubairt Bibus: Ní cubaid rit beth agum-sa, ar-sé, uair ní fuil isin cruinne co comcoitcenn fer nach fuil a saith do mnai innud; & a rigan, ar-sé, ní fuil inme na ardflaithus agum-sa, ar-sé, acht mina faghar le nert mo loinne é, & is uime-sin nach dingmala duit-si misi mur fir, ar Bibus. Adubairt in rígan co frithir, fergach: A amais anuasail & a muidh modurdha, micerdaigh, & a innarbtoir dibligi, deroil, drochbertaigh, is iargulta, anuasal in fregra tuguis orum; & fag in cathair so, & imig romud fur loinges mur is gnath let, & do-ber-sa fa n-dera114 bás do tabairt duit. Adubairt Bibus co foiginneach: A rigan, ar-se, co roibh maith h'anora agud! & Gideth {MS page 354a} ni h-anuasal mese, uair as mac d'iarla uasal mhe as ferr ro bi isin domhan ina aimsir, & is i ingen righ Alban mo mhathair. & an t-inadh a fuarus in masla & in t-imdergadh-sin gan adhbhar, fuigfed gu firaibeil h-e, & in sded & in cloidhemh thugais dam a tuarasdail bid siad agad fein budhdheasta. Ro fhagaibh Bibus in tor co comfergach, & do cuaidh a stabla na n-ech. Adubairt in righan ar turnad a treinfergi: A Bonafais, ar-si, is aitrech lem-sa a n-dubart re Bibus; & da faga se in tellach-so, ni ba buan mo betha-sa da eis; & erigh & tabur cugum e, & do-ber a breath fein do ina esonoir. Ro imigh Bonafas a cenn Bibuis, & ro iar cum na rigna h-e, & ro gell a breat fein on rigain do; nir faemh Bibus dul leis. & ro bui bratt uasal do sida glegel, glangresach fa Bibus, & ilimud do tinlaice?115 oir & do legaib lanmaisecha loghmura ar na cengal & ar na cumdach fur an caemetach-sin, & tug Bibus do Bonnfas e ar son a aisdir. Tanicc Bonufas tar ais a cenn na rigna, & ro indis di gur diult Bibus techt dia h-agallaim, & adubairt Bonufas ilimud maithesa re Bibus, & adubairt nar duine anuasal tug an brat uasal-sin do fein, & nar cubaid olc do rad re fer116 in taburtuis & in tinnlaice-sin. Ro eirigh in rigan iar-sin, & do cuaidh si mur a roibi Bibus, & adubairt ris: A Bibuis, ar-si, is aithrech lium a
p.283n-dubart rit, & do gebuir do breat fein ann; & da madh ail let misi do posadh, do gebuind baistedh & do creidfinn don Dia da creidi-si. Adubairt Sir Bibus: Gabhaim-si mur-sin let, ar-se, & do gab a lam ina laim, & do pogsad a ceile asa h-aithli, & do chuaidh Bibus le isin tor iarum, & do cuiredh leighus & lesugudh air gur ba slan iar n-othrus. & ro badur ag eistecht risin posad-sin in dias ridiri ro saeradh o bas le Bibus isin cath roime-sin, & do chuadur {MS page 354b} mur a roibi in ri, & ro indsidur scela in posta-sin do, & adubradar ris bás d'imirt ar Bibus. Adubairt in righ gur mor cumain Bibuis fair, & nach cuirfedh fein cum bais e, & gideth adubairt co cuirfedh a n-inadh baiss d'fagail e. Is ann-sin do sgribadh litir d'Eirmin & issed ro bui innti, bas d'imirt ar Bibus. & Adubairt in ri re Bibus dul leisin litir-sin cum righ na Damaisci. Adubairt Bibus: A thigerna, ar-se, ni misi techtaire is cnesta do dul leisin litir-sin co Bramon, uair is me ro marb a muindtir, & ro bris cath fair, & ro gab e fein, & ro ben a uili maithus de mur fuascailt as, & tug fa cis duid-se. Ni misdi sin, ar Ermin, & ni ba h-eguil duit-si aenní ann, & is tu is tairisi lium-sa d'feruibh an betha, & na ber h'ech na do cloidem let, & na scail in litir no co roichi-si Bramon .i. ri na Damaisci; & ber mul socair, sogluasta fud. Dala Bibuis iarum, ro gluais roime co ceimdirech, & nir cian do ac siubal na conaire co facaid an falmaire feramail, firarrachta fur in conair ara cinn, & se ag ithi a dineir .i. tri culbur & buidel d'fhin milis & bairgen geal. Ro bennaigh Bibus don oilirtech, & ro freaguir in t-oilirtech e mur an cetna, & do thairg pairt don diner do Bibus. Ro tuirrling Bibus, & ad-uaigh a cuid don diner, & ro fiarfaigh Bibus scela don oilirtech ca tir dó, & cred in t-aistir ro bui fair. Adubairt in t-oilirtech: Ridiri Saxanach me, ar-se, Sir Tirri m'ainm, & mac do Sir Saber me, & a lorgairecht Bibuis o Hamtuir ataim, uair is clann da derbrathair sinn nar n-dis .i. Bibus & misi. & do benadh a tigerntus uili dom athair acht aen tor daingin difogluighti ina fuil sé fein, & tanag-sa do siubal in domhun d'iarraidh Bibuis o Hamtuir, ar-se, & an fuil enfocal da sceluibh agud-sa? ar-sé. Ata, ar Bibus, uair ni mo na da aidchi o cunnac-sa e & is inunn mét & delb {MS page 355a} do & damh-sa.
p.284Tuicim airsin curob tu fein h-e, ar Tirri. Me, ar Bibus, & impuidh-si tar h'ais mur a fuil h'athair, & tabur nert do laime leis, & is gerr co m-biad Bibus farib. Adubairt Sir Tirri: (Tabur) in litir-sin ad' laim da leighedh dam-sa, uair is minic do cuiredh sgribend a millti fein le techtuire. Adubairt Bibus: Is doigh lium-sa, ar-se, nach ferr do leithoir litreach tu-sa na mé fein, & ni ber ag tigerna ara m-biadh amurus117 agum fell orum. Do ceilebuir Bibus do Tirri, & ro imigh Tirri a crichaibh Saxan. Dala Bibuis iarum, ro imigh roimhe, & nir cian dó co facaidh cathair na Damaisci uadha, & ro bui deich mili fichet uadha hi in tan-sin. & is amlaidh ro búi in cathair-sin, & secht murtha daingne, do-bristi ina h-urtimcill do ballaibh cruadh-daingni cloch, & tri fichit troigh idir in da balla dibh, & tri fichit troig ar doimne isna diguib doimne, duaibsecha, do-imtechta, & ro bui idir na ballaibh-sin srut ruadh, roburta, & muir mer, moranfaidh ag imtecht fo cuairt isna loguibh lethna, lanmora sin. & Barca bronnfhairsinge & longa luchtmura & lestar lanaible ag imtecht arna gaethaibh gaibtecha, greannmura sin. & droitced togbala a dul isin cathraigh-sin, & peilir poindighi, primarrachta prais aga imfulang, & deich cluicc cainntecha, cíchanacha fur in droithcet-sin .i. cuig cluicc ar gach taebh de. & da saltrad urduil ind éin118 dein, dasachtaigh, risin-raiter in dreollan, for in droichid-sin, do boinfidis na cluig-sin co cathaisech, congairech innus co cluintighi ar fedh na cathrach gair greannmur, geranach na clocc caismertach-sin. & do freagradais oig ainntreannta & curaidh comlonncruaidhe na cathrach co détla, dethtapaidh cum an droichid le garthaibh na clog. & ro bui tor taithnemach, toirtemail ar in cend fa nesa don cathraigh don droitced, & dealbh dragain duaibsig, drochdatha, arna buain ar taeb in tuir sin. & da lig lanmora, loghmura mur shuilib aigi, & comla lethan, lanmór do {MS page 355b} pras re dorus in tuir-sin, & is trit in dorus-sin do gabthai a dul isin cathraigh. & rob imda clocha cristail & carrmogail & lega lanmaisecha, logmura, cengailti co cerdamail le h-or na h-Araipi a fuindeogaibh & a seinistreachaibh na cathrach-sin. Dala Bibuis immorro, ro leig spuir co spraicemail isin sdet, & ro cuir 'na rith for an droichid
p.285hi, & ro benadur na cluic co cainntech, congairech, & ro eirigh in ri cona mórtheghlach cum an droithcid. & Adubairt in ri: Ata nert namat ar techt ar an droithced, no duine drochoilunta ecin. Tainic in ri co lathair, & ro thuirrling Bibus ar an fod a fiadhnuse in righ, & do rinde umla do, & tug in litir ina laim, & ro leigh Bramon litir. & adubairt: Do den-sa gach ni adeir in sgribenn-so, ar-sé, uair is tu-sa Bibus o Hamtuir, & is tu ro gab misi, & ro marb mo muindtir, & ro ben fhuasgailt asum, & tug orum freagra & umla do thabairt do duine fa mesa na me fein. & adubairt Bramon: Tabur biadh do Bibus, ar-se, uair ni cubaidh oglach tigerna maith gan anoir do denum do. Do rugadh Bibus do halla in righ, & tucadh biadh do, & ro badur aga fiarfaige di aroile créd in bas do-berdis dó. Adubairt drong dib a losgadh co lanaibeil; adubradar drong ele a crochadh co congairech; adubradar drong ele a tarraing a n-diaig ech; adubradar drong ele a cur a prisun da pianad. Adubairt Bibus: Is nar sin, ar-se, i. in nech do thiucfadh le techtairecht do cur cum bais, & is amlaidh is maith dibh misi do cur tar an cathraigh amach, & trealam catha do tabairt damh, & sluaigh na cathrach uili do beth ina trealam catha am' timchell, & a m-beth uili gum ledrad & gum lanbualadh ar aenslighi, & is lugha d'adhbur gotha dibh-si misi do marbadh mur sin na mo marbadh ann-so. Adubairt aroile dona sluaghaibh: In uair fa fuaruis-se sinne roime-so ar fairsinge na feronn do curis ár ar muindtire; & do denta in cetna anois, da faghtha amuigh sinn. Is annsin do luigedh {MS page 356a} an laechradh láncalma ar muin Bibus conar ba luaithi saithchi brighmur bech os bechlusaib naid sluaigh dana, dimsacha na Damaisci a cengal & a cuibrech an curadh crodha, ceimdighaind. & do cuiredur Bibus iar-sin ina cime crapaillti a prisun peannuidech da pianad, & do rug Bibus bata bunnremur leis isin prisun, & ro bui sáile siltech, serbhruadh ac techt fa dhó sa lo con n-aidhchi isin prisun-sin. & anuair fa suighedh Bibus do bidh in saile co ruigi a smeig do, & inuair do bid ina shesam do roithed in saile remur a lairgi, & ro bui cris arrachta iarnaighi, coimlethan re muinel miled, cengailti ina medhon, & carrtha comdaingin cloichi cengailti don luib lanmoir-sin re druim Bibuis. & tangadur draccuin duaibsecha,
p.286diablaidhi, & naithrecha naimdemla neme, & piasta poindighi, primarachta as cuil & as taebuibh in prisun, & ro gabadur ag ledairt & ag lanmarbadh in laechmiledh. Is ann-sin ro ataigh Bibus in t-athair nemda da furtacht on pein-sin, & ro cuimnig se in bata do rug leis isin prisun, & do gab se urluigi agarbh, ainiarmartach arna h-uilpiastaib gur marb uili iat le cumachtaibh Dia. & do boin nathair neim feoil & croicind na malac cle do greim. Dala Bibuis iarsin, ro búi se secht m-bliadna aga muchadh isin maindir mordaingin-sin, & ised fa betha dó frisin re-sin .i. lethad baisi bigi d'aran anbhann eorna in dara la, & ised ba deoch dó .i. saile serbhruad, et reliqua.
Aroile la dia roibe Bibus isin prisun-sin ar cradh a cuirp re gorta & re cumgach, ro sgrech se ar Dia in tan-sin, & adubairt: A aendia uilicumachtaigh, do rinne nem & talam gan t-saetur, & (delughuis) la & aidhchi re ceile, & do-ber linad & tragadh arna marannaibh, & do rindi na h-uili ni do neimfni, is truagh nach bás do-berid damh-sa co h-obunn o pein & o pennaid in prisuin-so ina fuilim re secht m-bliadhnaibh. & do-ci tú, a tigerna, nar treices do creidem fein fos ge 'taim (coic)bliadhna dec a talam na paganach; & a thigerna, ar-se, is aithnid duid co fuiginn inme & ardflaithus mor (da) treiccinn do creidem-sa; & a thigerna nemdha, ar-se, foir orum in tan is mithi {MS page 356b} let féin. Do labur in t-aingel osa cinn, & adubairt: A Bibuis, ar-se, bíth menma maith agud, & bidh craidhi laidir, uair ro eist Dia re do geran, & is gerr co fuigir furtacht. Is ann-sin ro fas soillsi mór isin prisun o timteracht an aingil, & do cuaidh a radarc & a rathugudh asin dragun, & do marbadh an dragun le Bibus.
Dala na deisi ridiri ro bui a coimét in prisun, do cualadur irnaighti & adhmoladh Bibuis fur in duileman, & adubairt aen dibh re roile: In cluinid in treturach fallsa, fichmisgnech, ag adhmoladh an treturaigh do crocadar ar sinnsir-ne, & é aga moladh mur Dia? & do-berim fom' breithir co racha me sis do bualadh énduirn fur do gin gnusgorm, grainemail. Do cuaidh
p.287in ridiri co rechtmur, ro arrachta isin prisun, & iar rochtain co Bibus dó, do ben Bibus a cloidem asa durn dia aimdeoin, & ro buail do dhorn ina muinel, & ba marb é. Ro fiarfaigh in ridiri ele: Cinnus edrud & an cristaidhi? ar-se. Adubairt Bibus: Ata se com cirrbadh co mor, uair is treisi é na me. Do cuaidh in dara ridiri san prisun d'furtacht a companaigh, & do buail Bibus do cloidem e co n-derna da ordain de. Do rinde Bibus irnaighthi & adhmoladh cum Dia ar son na mórmirbuili sin, & tug se bogbertugudh air a medhon a iarnaigh, & do thoitedur na geimlecha co grodurrlum de ar gach taebh, & ro eirigh ina shesum ar lar in prisun, & ro glac in rop rodaingen & in cadhla cruaidhrigin cnaibi le tangadur na ridiri isin prisun & ro imig leis suas ar urlar in halla. & do fuair in dorus obela, osgailt, & tapur ar lasadh do gach taebh de a medon aidhci do t-shinnrud, & sluaigh in dunadh uili ina colludh. & do cuaidh Bibus asa stabla na n-ech, & ro marb se na tri fichit gilla ro búi a coiméd na n-ech d'aenbuilli le sail lethain, lanmoir ro bui fo chosuibh na h-imdhaidh, & ro gab a rogha don echraidh. & do cuir eideth daingin, dobrisdi uime, & do cuaidh for an sdét, & ro imigh roime co dorus na cathrach, & ro iar oslugud roime, & adubairt gur eláidh in cristaidhi ro bui secht m-bliadnaib accu a laim. Is truag sin, ar an doirrseoir, {MS page 357a} & lenaidh co luath e, & do lig sé Bibus amach in tan-sin, uair ba doigh leis co rabudur sluaigh na cathrach uili ina diaigh; & is mur sin ro imig Bibus gan cronugudh as in cathraigh. Dala sluaigh na cathrach, nír cían d'aidhci gur airighedur Bibus ar n-elod, & a lucht coimeda arna marbadh; & do gabudar a n-eich, & do lenudur é, & do rugadur air ar maidin. Ro bui ridiri uasal do muindtir rígh na Damaisci ar tus in t-sluaigh, & ech roluath fai, & Grainnder ainm in ridiri-sin; & tug Grainnder a comtrom fein d'ór ar an ech-sin, & Treinnsiuis ainm in eich. & do ruc sé le luas a eich ar Bibus, & adubairt co tiurad bas dó. Ro impa Bibus, & do comruic ris co neimnech, naimdemail, nemcarthanach, & tug Bibus sathudh sleghi ar Grainnder & do cuir tri na corp gan comruind hí, & ba marb Grainnder de-sin. & do gab Bibus a ech .i. Treinsiuis, & do cuaidh uirre asa h-aithli. & do rug ri na Damaisci cona sluaghaibh ar
p.288Bibus fon am-sin, & do marbh dronga di-airme & drechta dermala dib. Is ann-sin ro iadar sluaigh na Damaisci ina urtimcill, & do gabudur aga ledairt & aga lanmarbadh. & le furtacht Dia ro leim Bibus a ech119 tar aill móradbuil mara, & ro búi sruth ruadh roburta & cuan cainntech, cruadanfaidh don taebh araill don carraic, & nír éidir le bethadhach isin cruinne a snam. & do leim ech Bibuis isin m-brainde m-borbruadh co bithurrlum & do snam si in cuan co ceimdirech, & do chuaid-si tar an sruth co seitreach, sircalma. Ceithri h-uaire fichet ro bui Bibus cona ech ag dul tar an muir-sin, & iar n-dul a tír do Bibus do thoit se da each le h-anmainde a bruinne & le mét a gorta. & do guidh sé Dia co dichra, duthrachtach dia comfurtacht on gorta-sin, & do mol se co h-adbul in t-athair nemdha, & tain-{MS page 357b}icc nert nua do les-sin. & do gab a ech aris, & do chuaidh uirre, & do gluais roime in conuir co ceimdirech, & do cunnuicc (cathraigh) uadha, & do cuaidh da h-innsaigi, & ar rochtain doruis na cathrach do do cunnuicc in righan rathmur, ro-uasul ar barr in tuir os cinn doruis na cathrach, & ro bennaigh Bibus di, & ro iar biadh uirre a n-anoir an Athar Neamda. Adubairt in righan: Tarra astegh, ar-si, & do gebuir do lordaethain bidh & digi. Do cuaidh Bibus astegh iar-sin, & do tuirrling Bibus isin halla rigdha, & do suidh ar bord, & do cuiredh biadh ina fiadhnuse. & nír cian dó mur-sin co facaidh in fomoir feramail, fírgranna & in t-athach tarrlethan, tromnertmur ina dochum, & ro fech se fur Bibus, & do cunnaic a ech Grainnder. & adubairt co níata, naimdemail: Is i so Treinnsiuis, .i. ech Grainnder mo derbrathar, & a treturaigh, ar-sé, is é a goid do rinnis. Adubairt Bibus: Ní h-é a goid do rinis, ar-sé, & gideth ro marbus in té aga roibhi si, & do benus in t-ech ar ecin de. Iarna clos-sin don athach tuc se buille bithnertmur do glaedhe greannmur, guasachta cum Bibuis, & ro crom Bibus fon m-bord, & do lig an buille tairiss. & do gerr an fodhmoir fedh laime laeic don bord os cinn Bibuís. Do bidg Bibus on bord leis-sin & do rith sé cum an athaich, & do ben an
p.289glaedhe da ainndeoin de, & do buail builli ar an athach de co n-derna da ordain da corp. Do h-eigedh isin cathraigh leis-sin, & do cuaidh Bibus fura sded & do rugadur lucht na cathrach air, & do marbh se dronga dibh, & ro imig roime dia n-aimdeoin. Dala Bibuis iarum, ro búi se ag sírsiubhal in domun soir roime no co rainicc se san India a cenn patriarcca in t-srotha .i. in trias {MS page 358a} rí do rightib na h-India, & is e is papa acu. & ro an Bibus bliadhain 'na oglac aigi, & ni tarrla ris an bliadhain sin comrac curad na cathmiled, athaigh na baibhe, leomain na lipairt, draguin na uilpiasta neme archena nar thuit leis re fedh na bliadhna-sin & dob imdha athnudh & edail tuc se do patriarca risin re-sin.
Adubairt Bibus co fuicfedh se an India, & co m-bedh se sel ele ac siubal an domun siar gach n-direch. Adubairt patriarca: Na h-imigh, ar-se, & do-ber-sa righacht duit & do rogha mna sa talmain-so, & an agum. Do rindi Bibuis a faisidi re papa na h-India, & ro innis do co roibi ingen do righ paganta a cert aigi. Adubairt patriarca ma bí, nar dilus do-san ben ele do beth aigi, minar truaill si a h-óghacht le paganach; & ma rindi, nar coir do-san a beth aigi.
Imtusa Bibuis iarum ro ceileabuir se do patriarca, & do gluais roime siar gach n-direch, & nir an co rainic Rodus; & ro bui bliadhain ele a fochair priora Roduis, & is adhbul a met do thoit leis an bliadhain-sin do paganachaib in bliadhain-sin, & is mor d'Eirristinibh & d'Iubulaib torcair leis an bliadhain sin, & dob imda athnudh édala tuc sé don prioir in bliadhain-sin. Do thairg in prioir tigerntus mor do, & anmuin aigi, & ro diult Bibus sin, & do rinde faiside risin prioir, & ro innis do ingen do ri paganta do beth a cert aigi, & dob inann fregra tuc an prioir fair & patriarca. & ro imigh Bibus roime as sin, & do rug se gell gaisgid gacha tiri & gacha talman dar imig sé don doman an da bliadhan-sin.
Dala Sisian, ingine Ermin, anuair far cuiredh Bibus le litreachaibh cum rí na Damaisce rob fada le ro búi ina fegmuis & do cuaidh si mur a roibhi a h-athair & ro fiarfaigh {MS page 358b} de ca raibi Bibus. Adubairt Ermin: Truagh sin, a righan, ar-sé, uair ro cuir sa Saxan techta ara cenn, & do thabaigh se a tigerntus ar an imperi dó; & tuc se a ingen mur mnai do Bibus, & ata sé anois ina iarla a Saxanaibh. & Fós ní h-intaebha na
p.290daine coimhigche, uair is triall cum an inaidh fein do nid fa deoigh & do thairges-sa moran tigerntuis dó do cinn anmuna agum, & do diult dam, & ro imigh roime.
Dala Sisian immorro, ro bui si co bronach do cumaidh Bibuis, & gidh fos nír creid sí radha a h-athar, uair fa doigh le nach dingnadh Bibus breg re. & nir cian iar-sin gur cuir Ybor .i. ri na Damaisci techta d'iarraidh ingine Ermin do banceile. Do cuaidh Ermin mur a roibhi an ingen, & ro innis di co tangadur techta da h-iarraidh do ri na Damaisci; & do-ber-sa do tú, ar-se. Adubairt Sisian: A athar, ar-si, do den-sa do thoil-si. Iar-sin do cuir Ermin le techtaibh Yboir techt ar cend na rigna fo cenn becain aimsiri. Iarna clos-sin do t-Sisian,120 do rindi si cris alainn orsnaith & do sida somaisech, & do cuir si annsa cris co glicc, gaesmur leisin glicus n-Gregach nach fedfaidis fir in talman a buain asa h-oghacht in cein do beth in cris tairsdi. & do cuir don taebh astigh da h-edach e uimpi. Tanicc Ybor iarum coic mili dec do sluaghaibh, dia tabairt, & tugudh do hi, & do rinnedh a m-banais, & tugadh ech & cloidhem Bibus dó le .i. Morglae & Airinnel a n-anmanna. Et do cuir Ybor in cloidhem tairis, & do cuaid ar an ech, & o ro aithin Airinndel narb e Bibus ro bui fuirre, do rith si co h-ainmin, anacarrach, & ro fuadhaig é le binde & le borrfadh tre glendtaibh doimne, dua, {MS page 359a} duaibsecha & tre cnoccuibh corra, cenncaela & tre ailltibh arda, agarba, & is uaill nar marbh si é. & do cuiredh in t-ech iar-sin a soiler chaisléin, & laitisi iarnaidhi ina timcell, & nír lam aenduine a glacud o sin amach no co tainicc Bibus iar cein moir.
Dala Bibuis o Hamtuir, iar fágbail Roduis dó nír sguir co rainic cricha na Meirmedoine moire a crichaibh glanaille, gormtsrothacha na Gréige. & tarrla nech fris ar an conuir, & ro fiarfaigh Bibus scela na criche-sin, & co sunnradach scela Sisian. Adubairt an t-oglach: Ata sidh & saime & socracht isin crich-so, ar-sé, & ata Sisian ina mnai ag righ na Memroine re noi m-bliadhnaibh. Is brónach ro gab Bibus na scela-sin cuigi,
p.291& nir scuir iarum co rainic cricha na Memrointi ar comghar cathrach Yboir, & tarrla oilirtech ris ar fagbail na cathrach, & ro fiarfaigh scela de. Adubairt in t-oilirtech: Is annsa cathraigh ud ata an aenben is ferr isin cruinne co comcoitcenn .i. Sisian, ingen righ na Meirmedoine, ben Yboir ri na Memroine, oir fir in domhun do dul sa medhon lae cuici, do-berudh biad & edach, or & airgid doibh & is é ní adeir si re cois gach derci dib-sin: Bith sin aguibh a n-anoir Dia & ar anmain Bibuis o Hamtuir; & ní tucenn aenduine in briathar-sin uaithi. Adubairt Bibus: A oilirthigh, ar-se, tabur iasacht na deisi boichte-sin agud dam-sa, ar-se, & cunnaim mo deisi ridiri agud no co ticer tar m'ais. Adubairt an t-oilirtech nach tiubrad; adubairt Bibus: Tabur do dheisi bocht dam, ar-sé, & do-ber mo deisi ridiri duit {MS page 359b} da cinn. Do ronsad amlaidh. & do cuir Bibus edach an oilirthigh uime, & do cuaidh roime co dorus na cathrach, & do cunnaicc an righan ro-alainn, & a cenn amach tar fuindeoigh in tuir. & ised adubairt do guth geranach: A Bibuis, ar-si, is truagh lium a fhad atái, & tairnicc buadha mo cresa, & is ecin dam toil Yboir do denum budhdesta. Is ann-sin ro bennaigh Bibus di, & ro freagair si é & ro fhiarfaigh de ca roibh se. Adubairt Bibus: Do badhus ag siubhal in domuin, ar-sé. Ro fhiaraigh in righan de in facaidh se énfocal do scelaibh Bibuis o Hamtuir an aenniad dar gab sé. Adubairt Bibus: Do cunnac-sa e, & ni fuil acht teora aidhchi o shin e; & ro iar Bibus derc for an rigain, & adubairt Sisian: Tarra astegh, ar-sí, & do gebur derc, & beir ad' prioir ar bochtaibh na cathrach-so aniugh. Tanicc Bibus astegh, & tainicc Sisian 'na comdhail, & do rug le é co ruige in soiler a roibhi Airindel, & do rinde sí sitir aga faicsin iar n-aithne di, & ro búi sí ag lighi121 a laime. D'fosguil Bibus na laitisi, & tanicc in t-ech amach, & do rith si ar fúd na cathrach. Adubhairt Sisian: Truagh sin, ar-si, uair ni bertar ar an ech úd co brach aris. Do gair Bibus in t-ech cuigi, & tanicc co grod, & ro búi si aga ligi, & do cuir astegh aris h-í, & ro fhech in righan air,122 & do thoguibh sí in t-at pill da cend, & ro aithin é ge ro búi esbaidh na malach clé fair o cunnnic si roime e. Do raidh in
p.292righan: Is tu-sa fein Bibus, ar-si. Is mé co derbh, ar-sé, & ro innis firinde gach énní di. & adubairt Sisian: A Bibuis, ar-sí, imigh amach as in cathraigh, & tarra a cenn an righ sa medon lae. & indis dó co robuis annsa Baibiloin & gur gabud in tír-sin uili acht cathair {MS page 360a} na Baibiloine amain, & co fuilid imud sluaigh ina timcill. & abuir gurub é rí na Baibiloine do cuir ar cenn Iboiri thú dia furtacht on ecin-sin, uair is derbrathair d'Ybor e; & rachaidh se da furtacht, & fuicfidh se an cathair-si co h-uaingech & is mur sin do gebum-ne faill cum imtechta. Do cuaidh Bibus as in cathraigh iarum, & tainic sa medon lae innti, & do cuaidh a fiadhnuise in righ, & ro innis do gur gabudh in Baibiloin acht an cathair mor amain, & tanacc-sa co h-incleith ar do cenn-sa do cumnad do derbrathair. Do creid in ri sin, & do cuir tinol ara muindtir co h-aenlathair, & ro fhagaib coimét a cathrach ag ridiri uasal dia muindtir, & ro imigh fein roime cona sluaghaib. Do raidh Sisian: A Bibuis, ar-si, is amhghar atamaid anosa, uair ata cloch buadha ac an ridiri ud do fagudh a coimét na cathrach, & ni fuil ni da n-dentur isin cathraigh-so nach foillsigenn si do. Do rinde Sisian deoch cumachtach leisin n-glicus n-Gregach, & do cuir si techta ar cenn in ridiri, & tanicc co prap, & tuc in deoch shuain dó, & do choduil se asa h-aithli, & nír fheidir a dusacht co cenn ceithri n-uaire fichet. Conidh amlaidh-sin fuair Sisian uainges imthechta.
Dala Bibuis iarum, do cuir-se Sisian ar culaibh Bonafais .i. a seombradoir fein o ba lenub hi co h-am na h-uaire-sin, & do cuaidh fein ar Airinndel, & do gluaisidur rompo as in cathraigh gan airiugudh mur sin. Dala Yboir .i. ri na Memroine, nír cian ag siubal na conuire é in tan tarrla oilirthech ris, & fochtuis scela de ca roibh se. Adubairt in t-oilirtech: Do badhus isin Baibiloin, ar-se. Scela in tiri-sin agud, ar an righ. Is maith a scela, ar-se, uair 360b"> ata sidh & saimhe & socracht isin tir ud, & is tren ar gach talmain, & ni tren entalam uirre. Is fir sin, ar an ri, & is derb lium curob é Bibus o Hamtuir siud tanicc a richt oilirthigh dar melludh, & dom dóigh do ruc se in righan leis, & impuide duinn a fritheing na conuire cetna; &
p.293ní fuaradur in rigan na Bonafas isin cathraigh.
& do lenadar ara lorg iad, & do rugadur orra, & ro impa Bibus riu, & ro marbh drechta dermala & dronga di-airmigi dibh, & tarrla glend domhuin, duaibsech riu, & enslighi cumang coille a dul ann. Ro impa in ri cona muindtir uadha fon am-sin d'egla a muindtir do marbadh do Bibus a cumgach an glenna, & do thuirrling Bibus ar lar an glenna. & adubairt Sisian: A Bibuis, ar-si, fagh bíad duind, uair ro lín gorta sinn. Adubairt Bibus, A righan, ar-se, ni gar duind biadh d'faghail annsa fasach-so, uair is fada daine & cathracha buain. Adubairt Sisian: Do cualusa, ar-si, co fagaid na ridiri croda biadh arna fasaighib le febus a lamaigh.123 Ro fagaibh Bibus Sisian & Bonafas ann-sin, & do cuaidh fein d'iarraidh amanntuir urcuir, & tarrla damh osgardha allta fris & tug roga n-urchair do & do cuir fedh laime laeich don t-sleigh trena corp, & ba marb e, & tuc cethrama leis de cum Sisian. Dala righ na Memrointi do badur da leoman límfhiaclacha ar bethugudh aigi, & ní gabadh nert sluaigh na sochraiti riu, & do lig se ar lorg Bibuis iat, & tangadur na leoghain mur a roibhi Sisian, & ro eirigh Bonufas, & do comruig riu, & ro marbhudur na leoghain é, & aduatar é féin & a ech. Tanicc Bibus iar-sin co lathair, & ro fhuagair Sisian do o bí in t-ech luath aigi teithedh roim na leoganaibh; & ní mur sin do rinde Bibus, acht techt co lathair. & do badur na leoghain ag ligi chos {MS page 361a} na righna; & do rith leoman dibh a coinne Bibuis, & do cunnaibh Sisian an leoman ele ar cois tosaigh, & ro an aici gan t-saethar. Agus ro marb Bibus an leoman do comrac ris dibh, & ro fuagair do Sisian an leoman ele do ligen amach cuigi, & ro iar Sisian cumairci don leoman ro búi aici, & ro bagair Bibus fuirri, & adubairt gurb ecin di a ligen amach uaithi. & do lig si in leoman cum Bibuis, & do marbh Bibus in dara leoman, & do thuirrling asa h-aithle, & do rinde teine, & do berbh feoil fiadha, & tug a lordaethain feola & fíruisci don righain.
& do cuaidh ara ech iar-sin, & ro fhagaibh in glenn, & ro bui drumann slebhi aird, adfhuair aga imtecht aigi. & nir cian dó co facaidh ina diaigh in fomoir fícha, foirniata, firgrana, & in t-atach ainmín, anaccarrach, & bile bunnremur, barrlethan, re gualaind; & nir luaithi damh allta roim conairt
p.294na san rit dian, dasachtach, do rindi in fodhmoir andiaigh Bibuis. Do fech Sisian tara h-ais, & do cunnaic si in t-athach ag techt isin toraigecht-sin. Do raidh Sisian: A Bibuis, ar-si, do cim-si trenfer righ na Mermeointi ad' docum, & is aithnid dam-sa é, & ni h-incomrac sluaigh na sochraiti ris re mét a nirt & re febus a laime. Adubairt Bibus rei-si: Tuirrling; & do rinne co prap, & do cuir Bibus in t-ech a coinne an athaigh, & tug an fomoir uilli borb, bithnertmur cum Bibuis, & do sechain Bibus in builli, & do cuaidh se fon m-bile cum an fathaigh, & ro iadh a da laime uime, & tuc cor furtill dó, & do trasgair e. & do cengail Bibus in t-athach co fírdaingen, & anuair dob ail leis a cenn do buain de ro iar Sisian a anum don fomoir & e fein do beth 'na oglach aigi o sin amach re fedh a betha; & tuc Bibus a anum do mur sin. Ro imgedur rompo {MS folio 361b} na triur, & do rangadur co ruigi in muir, ní roibi long acu. & do cunncadur longa uadha fur an muir, & do glaedh Esgobard orra ag iarraidh luinge, & nir freagradur é. & ro imigh in fomoir co firarrachta in muir, & ro iadh a da laim fan luing ro ba nesa dó, & do sailedur in foirenn curob astegh isin luing rob ail leis techt, & ni h-edh do rone acht an long d'impodh druim tar ais, & a roibi innti do muchadh a medain in aigein, & an long do tabairt cum Bibuis. Do cuadur isin luing iarum, & do gabhudur ag siubal na senfairrgi co sanntach, & do gabudur cuan cluthar, comdaingen a Coilín a crichuibh Saxan. Do bi derbhbrathair athar Bibuis ina espoc isin cathraigh-sin. Tanic in t-espoc a comdail Bibuis, & do rindi anoir & urgairdiugudh dó. Ro fiarfaigh Bibus in roibi gleo cocaid na cennairci a crichaib Saxan in inbaidh-sin. Adubairt in t-espoc: Ata guasacht & gabudh adbulmor isin tir-si anois, ar-sé, .i. da diuice dimsecha do bí san Almain, & do badur tricha bliadhan a cogadh re ceile, & do thoitedur a sluaigh & a sochraiti eturra ar gach taebh frisin re-sin. & do rinnedur fasaigi doimne, do-eoluis da tirthaibh & da talmanaibh uili & nir fed in t-imper na'n papa reitech eturra. & do cuadur fein iarum fa deoig do comruc re ceile, & do dhelbh Dia araen iat le h-imud a peccad a rechtaib da dragun duaibsecha, diablaidhi, & ro eirgedur a n-airdi os nellaibh & do thoirrling dragun dibh astigh isin Roim. & do gabh
p.295ag marbadh na Romanach & ac fasugudh na cathrach. & do guidh in papa cona cleircibh in t-Athar Neamdha d'furtacht doibh on guasacht-sin, & do rindi Día sin doibh .i. ro anbhfainnigh Día an dragun, & do ceangladar na Rómhanuigh h-e, & do chuireadar {MS page 362a} a soiler caislein fa dhroichead na Róma h-e, & ata se ceangailti ann-sin. & do tuirling in dragún eli dibh isin tir-se, & ní fuil se acht secht mile as so, & ro fhasaigh se morán don crich-so, & do marb ilimud da n-dáinibh & da cethraibh, & ata a uamun oruinde co n-dingna sé fasach do crichuibh Saxan uile. Nir cían iar-sin co fuair Bibus uainges on espoc, & ro imigh co h-incleith as in cathraigh, & in fomoir maraen, & do cuadur co ruigi in furais ina roibi in dragun, & do cualadur sgrech uathmur & beicedhach agarb on dragun. & adubairt Asgobard: Ar maithus na cruinne co comcoitcenn nach anfad fein risin péist naimdemhail, nemcartanaigh-sin, & do teith an t-athach as in furais, & ro fagaibh Bibus ina aenar.
Dala Sir Bibuis iarum, nír cían dó co facaid cuigi in dragun duaibsech, dodelba, & do lig Bibus spuir co spraicemail isin sdét ina comdhail, & tug sathadh sanntach sleigi isin dragun, & nir derg air. & do cuir an dragun tonn do sgethraigi uaine fo suilibh Bibuis, & nir fhagaib sin nert mná seola and. Do chuaidh in uilpeist tairis don t-sracudh-sin, & do cuaidh isin tibra bui re thaebh, uair ba rogha leis a bathud tara slugudh don dragun; & ar n-dul fon tibra dó tanic a nert fein do co furtill, firarrachta. & ro eirig aris a comhdail na peiste, & tugh sathudh sleigi innti, & nir derg uirri. & do cuir in dragun in dara tonn uime, & nir fagaibh nert naidhen ann, & do cuaidh aris fan tibra cetna, & ba h-oghlan é ag ergi eiste. Teora fecht do mur sin ag dul fon tibra iar m-bualadh na sgeithi uaine, & ba h-oghlan e ag ergi. & An cethramadh tonn ro buail si air, andath, geal ro-{MS page 362b}bui, & nir loigidi e sin ar traethadh nemi na h-uilpiasta, & tug Bibus sathudh sleigi uirrthe, & do cuir an t-sleig trithi, &124 do dicennudh i iarum, & do ben a cenn di.
Dala Asgobard, do cuaidh se roime co Coilin, & ro innis don espoc gur marbadh Sir Bibus leisin dragun. & do cuaidh in t-espoc & sluaig na cathrach a proseisiam a cenn cuirp Sir Bibuis; &
p.296do benud cluig na cathrach co comcoitcenn mur anoir do Bibus, & ní clos aenní isin cathraigh acht aengair clog & comhurc & caismirti. & is ann do cunncadur Bibus ina comdail, & cenn in dragun ara sleigh aigi, & in t-sleg re gualainn, & é fein a n-glaic dilaiti a steit. & do ligedur na sluaigh gartha luthaire ar faiccsin Bibuis, & do moladar co mor in gnim gaiscidh-sin, & do chuadur le céile annsa cathraigh, & ro búi Bibus fa anoir indti. Conidh e comrucc Bibuis risin dragun-sin.
Dala Bibus iarum, ro imig roime sa Fraingc, & ro búi sel innti, & ro fagaibh Sisian a cathraigh daingin, & Asgobard da caemna & da coimét. & do cuaidh Bibus do cunnadh do Sir Sabir .i. a oidi & derbrathair a athar a crichaibh Saxan. & nír cian do Shisian iar n-imthecht do Bibus co tainic iarla saidhbur, sarnertmur dar comainm Miliss iarla da h-iarraidh do bancheile iar tabairt (grachra)125 di; & ro guidh hi & ro diult sisi do. Adubairt iarla Milis co m-beth si d'ais no d'ecin aigi. Adubairt Sisian nach bét, & co roibh é a díl coimhéta uirrthe; & ro fiarfaigh in t-iarla cred in coimét ro bui fuirrthe. Adubairt in righan ba h-e Asgobard. Nir cian iarsin co tarrla in fodhmoir don iarla, & tuc litir 'na laim, & adubairt gurb e Bibus do cuir an sgribenn cuigi da breith anns oilen, & do bi teora mili on cathraigh fur muir. Do cuaid in fomoir fur an oilen, & iarla Milis dia innlucud, & ro bui caslen daingen isin oilen, & do cuir an t-iarla {MS page 363a} 126 tar ais isin cathraigh cetna, & ro innis do t-Sisian co roibhi in t-athach ... ina carcair coimeta. & adubairt in t-iarla: A Shisian, ar-se, is ecin duit mo thoil-si do denum festa. Adubairt Sisian: Is tu-sa mo rogha-sa d'feruibh in talman da fagaind posta tu; & ni bia fer nemposta agum dom deoin co brach. Adubairt in t-iarla co posfad se iar marach hi. & a mucha na maidni do pos in t-iarla in rigain, & do rig [...] & [...] h-aidhci iarum luigi leisin rigain. Adubairt in rigan: A iarla Milis, ar-si, in ceird-sin dob ail let-sa do denum ni h-aithnit dam-sa re co ro-so, & guidim tu-sa gan enduine do ligen a n-entigh rind anocht. Do raidh
p.297in t-iarla nach licfedh, & do cuir aroibhi astigh amach, & do dun an dorus, & ro bui fein ag buain a eduigh de. Ro eirigh Sisian ina sesum, & ro glacc corda cruaidhrighin cnaibi, & do cuir snaidhm retha fair, & do cuir (durchar)127 fo cenn iarla Milis; & ro bui sail arrachta tarrsna os cinn urlair in t-seomra, & do [...] Sisian in corda tar in sail, & tuc tarraing air rena braigid, & do buail cul a cind don sail-sin co furtill, firarrachta, & ro thacht e amlaidh-sin. & do lig toitim do, iar sgarad a anma fris, & do coduil fein asa h-aithli.
Dala muindtiri iarla Milis ar maidin iarna marach, ro badur ag aines & ag urgairdiugudh for an iarla mur ba gnath le lanmain oig. Adubairt fer dib gurob maith do (thaitin) miniugudh na maigdine risin iarla. & adubairt fer ele gur coir (c... isi)128 & cocairecht do cur da denum don iarla na beth 'na colladh in tan-sin tar eis a fuair se do t-shaethar na h-aidhchi. Adubairt in {MS page 363b} rigan: [gap: extent: nearly a line], ar-si, ni iarfaigh-se cocairecht oraib, uair is marb e ... digail m'esanora-sa, & do-berim do m'breithir curob ferr lium bás d'faghail na beth mur mnai don iarla. Do ligedur a muindter ... & eidme ar ... cained a tigerna, & tangadur sluaigh na cathrach uili co lathair. & do gabadh in rigain leo, & do fagadur ar ceide na cathrach hi, & do rindedur teine treathan-ruadh, tromlasrac di ... dia loscud; & ro iar si mur athcuinge forra sacard do ligen aici co ligedh a coibhsena ... & tucadh sin di. Is ann-sin ...ic in foghmoir .i. Asgobard, & e ... mur a roibi a laim, in teine duaibhsech, taithnemach ar faidhci in dunadh, & ro smuain ina menmain co roibhi ecoir, andligaidh aga denum fur an righain. & do gab buile borbdasacht e, & ro bris glais & geibhinn & cumdaigi cloc & claraigh in caislein, & do cuaidh amach, & do cuir a adhaigh for tuind treathanruaidh, & do gab ag snamh co sanntach, sircalma. & do cunnuicc an loingin ar lar na linne, & iasguire 'na deredh ag marbadh eisc, & do cuaidh in fogmoir astegh isin luing, & nir airigh in t-iascuire aenni no co facaidh se in duil do-dhelbha & a ... agarbh, aniarmartach ag ergi as in muir moranfaidh, & e ag techt asteg ... isin
p.298luing; & ro gab uaman ... in t-iasguire, uair ro shail se gur ... iffirnn e. Do leim ... ro baidhedh e. Dala Esgobard iar-sin, ro gab se ag inrudh na luingi le lamaibh ... ibh, & ro gab cuan, & do rith roime cum na cathrach.


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Faclairean Gàidhlig
Tha eachdraidh nam faclairean Gàidhlig a' dol air ais gu toiseach na seachdamh linn deug agus b' ann aig toiseach na naoidheamh linn deug a bha foillseachadh nam faclairean aig àirde a ghnìomhachd. Cha robh uiread a dh'fhaclairean a' tighinn a-mach ann an clò a-rithist on àm sin, fiù san fhicheadamh linn. 'S e faclairean Gàidhlig gu Beurla a tha sa mhòrchuid dhiubh gu ruige seo.
Susbaint
Na briathrachain[deasaich | deasaich an tùs]
Mus robh faclairean fhèin ann, bha briathrachain ann, leabhraichean beaga a bha na b' fhaisge air liostaichean de dh'fhaclan na faclairean. Nochd a' chiad dhiubh ann an 1702 nuair a dh'fhoillsich an t-Urr. Robert Kirk liosta de dh'fhaclan mar leasachan dhan Scottish Historical Library aig William Nicolson.[1] [2] Bha liostaichean na bu mhotha san leabhair aig Edward Lhuyd, a' chiad duine a rinn rannsachadh blàir eadar 1699-1700, gu h-àraidh briathrachas Earra Ghàidheal is Siorrachd Inbhir Nis, ged nach deach fhoillseachadh ach greis mhath 'na dhèidh sin.
Dh'fhoillsich an Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge leabhar air an robh Leabhar a Theagasc Ainminnin 40 bliadhna an dèidh sin ann an 1741, air a chruinneachadh le Alasdair mac Mhaighstir Alasdair.[1]
Loidhne-ama
- 1702 "A Vocabulary of the Irish Dialect spoken by the Highlanders of Scotland" leis an Urr. Robert Kirk ann an The Scottish Historical Library le William Nicolson cruth digiteach feumar cunntas
- 1699-1700 rannsachadh-blàir le Edward Lhuyd
- 1741 Leabhar a Theagasc Ainminnin / A Galick an English vocabulary
Faclairean[deasaich | deasaich an tùs]
An 18mh is 19mh linn[deasaich | deasaich an tùs]
Cha do ràinig a' chiad fhìor fhaclair ach ann an 1780 nuair a dh'fhoillsich an t-Urr. Uilleam MacSheathain faclair air an robh Galic and English Dictionary ach bha cuid mhath dheth làn de dh'fhaclan Gaeilge.[1] Ge-tà, cha b' fhada gus an do nochd an Nuadh Fhoclair Gaidhlig agus Beurla aig Raibeart MacPhàrlain ann an 1795.[1] Gu pongail deich bliadhna 'na dhèidh-sa, thug Peadar MacPhàrlain a bha 'na eadar-theangaiche de stuthan cràbhach a' chiad fhaclair a-mach a bha a' dol on Ghàidhlig gun Bheurla agus an caochladh slighe, an New English and Gaelic Vocabulary - Focalair Gaelig agus Beurla.[1]
Ged a stèidhich Comann Gàidhealtachd na h-Alba comataidh ann an 1806 gus faclair mòr fhoillseachadh, bha Raibeart Armstrong air thoiseach orra leis an Gaelic Dictionary ann an 1825, trì bliadhna mus do nochd am faclair aig a' Chomann ann an 1828 fon ainm Dictionarium Scoto-Celticum - A Dictionary of the Gaelic Language I & II.[1][3]
Nochd grunn fhaclairean eile ri linn sin, an Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language aig Alasdair MacGilleBhàin 'nam measg ann an 1896, an aon fhoillseachadh d' a leithid airson na Gàidhlig gu ruige seo.[1]
A bharrachd air sin, tha àireamh de dh'fhaclairean ann on àm seo nach deach am foillseachadh fhathast, can an Highland Gentleman's Dictionary a chaidh a chruinneachadh mun bhliadhna 1776 's a tha san leabharlann aig Ban-Iarla Chataibh an-dràsta.[1]
Loidhne-ama
- 1780 Galic and English Dictionary leis an Urr. Uilleam MacSheathain
- 1795 Nuadh Fhoclair Gaidhlig agus Beurla le Raibeart MacPhàrlain
- 1815 New English and Gaelic Vocabulary - Focalair Gaelig agus Beurla le Peadar MacPhàrlain
- 1825 Gaelic Dictionary le Robert Armstrong
- 1828 Dictionarium Scoto-Celticum - A Dictionary of the Gaelic Language I & II
- 1831 Dictionary of the Gaelic Language leis an Dr Tormod MacLeòid agus an Dr Daniel Mac an Deòir
- 1832 Pronouncing Gaelic Dictionary le Niall MacAilpein
- 1842 Gaelic-English Dictionary leis an Athair Eòghann MacEachainn (stèidhichte air an fhear aig MacLeòid ⁊ Mac an Deòir)
- 1845 Pronouncing Gaelic Dictionary le rudan a chuir Iain MacCoinnich ris
An 20mh linn[deasaich | deasaich an tùs]
Thòisich an fhicheadamh linn le faclair mòr - am Faclair Gàidhlig 'us Beurla le Dealbhan aig Eideard Dwelly. Bha pàirt dheth stèidhichte air faclairean a bh' ann roimhe ach chuir Eideard mòran susbaint ris, an dà chuid o thùsan eile 's an obair rannsachaidh aige fhèin.[1] A dh'aindeoin aoise, 's e am faclair aig Eideard Dwelly am faclair as ùghdarrasaiche ann an saoghal na Gàidhlig fhathast.
Nochd iomadh faclair na bu lugha na sin an dèidh an fhaclair aig Dwelly.
Loidhne-ama
- 1901 Illustrated Gaelic English Dictionary le Edward Dwelly (cuid dheth stèidhichte air an fhear aig MacLeòid ⁊ Mac an Deòir)
- 1912 Am Briathrachan Beag le Calum MacPhàrlain
- 1925 Gaelic Dictionary le Calum MacGilleFhinnein
- 1932 Pronouncing Dictionary of Scottish Gaelic le Henry Cyril Dieckhoff
- 1958 Gaelic Words and Expressions from South Uist and Eriskay leis an Urr. Ailean MacDhòmhnaill
- 1979 Abair Facail, a pocket-dictionary le Iain MacDhòmhnaill agus Raghnall Renton
- 1981 The New English-Gaelic Dictionary le Ruaraidh MacThòmais
- 1991 Appendix to Dwelly's Gaelic-English Dictionary le Dùghlas Clyne (deasaiche)
- 1991 Brìgh nam Facal, faclair sgoile leis an Ollamh Richard Cox
- 1993 The Modern Gaelic-English Dictionary le Robert C. Owen
- 1998 Gaelic-English English-Gaelic Dictionary, faclair pòcaid le Dougal Bochanan
A' 21d linn[deasaich | deasaich an tùs]
Cha do nochd faclairean mòra an dèidh an fhaclair aig Dwelly gu toiseach na ciad linn ar fhichead nuair a nochd am faclair mòr Gaelic English Dictionary le Colin Mark ann an 2003.[4]
B' e am Faclair Beag a' chiad fhaclair mòr a tha a' dol an dà chuid on Ghàidhlig gun Bheurla agus on Bheurla gun Ghàidhlig. 'S e faclair air loidhne le Michael Bauer agus Uilleam MacDhonnchaidh a th' ann agus chaidh fhoillseachadh ann an dà cheum. Dh'fhoillsich iad tionndadh digiteach dhen fhaclair aig Dwelly an toiseach tràth ann an 2009 agus beagan as dèidh sin leis an fhaclair ùr as a bheil barrachd air 40,000 innteart a-nis.
Loidhne-ama
- 2001 The Essential Gaelic-English Dictionary le Aonghas MacBhatair
- 2001 The Essential English-Gaelic Dictionary le Aonghas MacBhatair
- 2003 Gaelic English Dictionary le Colin Mark
- 2004 Gaelic Dictionary (Teach Yourself) le Iain MacDhòmhnaill ⁊ Boyd Robastan
- 2009 Dwelly-d agus Am Faclair Beag, faclairean air loidhne le Michael Bauer agus Uilleam MacDhonnchaidh
- 2011 Faclair na Sgoile le Stòrlann. ISBN: 9781907054037
-
- - ùrachadh de Brìgh nam Facal le Cox.
Faclairean sònraichte[deasaich | deasaich an tùs]
A bharrachd air foillseachaidhean mu ainmean-àite, tha faclairean air cuspairean sònraichte glè ghann fhathast agus a' chuid mhòr dhiubh ag amas air an nàdar no briathrachas rianachd. Bha An Stòr-dàta Briathrachais 'na eisgeachd 's e a' cruinneachadh briathrachas teicnigeach o iomadh raon 's air fhoillseachadh le Sabhal Mòr Ostaig.
Faclair eachdraidheil[deasaich | deasaich an tùs]
Chan eil faclair eachdraidheil ann fhathast, ged a tha Roinn na Ceiltis aig Oilthigh Ghlaschu air obair a dhèanamh air fear o chionn fhada 's air a bheil Faclair na Gàidhlig.
Loidhne-ama
- 1883 The Gaelic Names of Plants le Iain Camshron
- 1890 The Gaelic Names of Diseases and Diseased States le Camshron MacGilleÌosa
- 1905 Gaelic Names of Beasts, Birds, Fishes, Insects, Reptiles etc. le Alasdair Forbais
- 1989 Gaelic Names for Flowers and Plants le Dùghlas Clyne
- 1993 An Stòr-dàta Briathrachais
- 1999 Ainmean Gàidhlig Lusan - Gaelic Names of Plants le Joan Clark agus Iain MacDhòmhnaill
- 2001 Faclair na Pàrlamaid
- 2011 Dictionary for Local Government - Scottish Gaelic and English, faclair air loidhne le Comhairle nan Eilean Siar
Ceanglaichean a-muigh[deasaich | deasaich an tùs]
- Faclairean Gàidhlig - duilleag aig Sabhal Mòr Ostaig
- Faclairean Gàidhlig air loidhne tro Multidict]
Faclairean fa leth air loidhne
- Am Faclair Beag
- An Stòr-dàta Briathrachais Gàidhlig
- Tionndadh de Dwelly a ghabhas a rannsachadh
- Am Briathrachan Beag le Calum MacPhàrlain
- Faclair airson Riaghaltas Ionadail
WebArchive (ìomhaighean de dhuilleagan)
- Tionndadh digiteach dhen Dictionarium Scoto-Celticum Vol I
- Tionndadh digiteach dhen Dictionarium Scoto-Celticum Vol II
- Tionndadh digiteach dhen fhaclair aig Dwelly
Pròiseact
Tùsan[deasaich | deasaich an tùs]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Thomson, D. The Companion to Gaelic Scotland (1994) Gairm ISBN 1-871901-31-6
- ↑ Nicolson, William. (1702) "The scottish historical library: containing a short view and character of most of the writers, records, registers, law-books, &c. Which may be serviceable to the undertakers of a general history of Scotland, down to the union of the two kingdoms in K. James the VI. By W. Nicolson, Arch-Deacon of Carlisle." London: printed for T. Childe, at the White Hart in St. Paul's Church-Yard, pp.334-346.
- ↑ Dictionarium Scoto-Celticum - A Dictionary of the Gaelic Language Highland Society of Scotland 1828
- ↑ Mark, C. Gaelic English Dictionary (2003) Routledge ISBN 978-0415297608

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text:
O chionn ceithir bliadhna, bha bodach às a’ bhaile agam fhèin a’ bruidhinn ri iasgair roistiche thaobh canal shuas sa Chrios Mheadhanach. Bha an t-iasgair a bha seo, arsa e ris a’ bhodach, a’ dol a mharbhadh gach gead anns an uisge gus stad a chur orra o chreach a dhèanamh air na roistich. Le gàire shàmhach an eòlais, thug am bodach dha a’ chomhairle nach tig às an leithid ach sgrios air an iasgach air fad ach, is e rud beag toinnte na dhòighean, cha tuirt e a bharrachd.
Co-dhiù, là soilleir an ath shamhradh thadhal am bodach air an aon sgìre, agus na sheasamh air drochaid le speuclairean polaroid air, choimhead e shìos air na ceudan de gheadag a’ siorradh air feadh a’ chanail an tòir air na roistich bhochda. Is an t-iasgair air cur às don na geadan mòra a bhios ag ithe an fheadhainn òig, cha robh dad ann gus smachd a chumail orra: chaidh an àireamh dhiubh am meud gun bhacadh ‘s rinn iad cuirm de na roistich. Cha tig tomhas air èiceo-shiostam a’ chanail gus am fàs aon ghead nas motha na càch a-rithist.
Riatanas fearainn àiteachais chun an aon taobh, ‘s iomadh uair a chuir mac an duine làmh air an àrainneachd gus a cruthachadh a-rèir a thoil fhèin, agus ged a tha cuid de na h-atharraichean a rinneadh gam faicinn an là an-diugh mar bhuannachd, an leithid teachd a’ choineanaich, no neo-chiontach, mar a’ bhioran-deamhnaidh san allt, ‘s ann gu minig nach tàinig asta ach sgrios – bailm-Innseanach air bruaichean aibhne no sgaoil a’ mhionc. ‘S ann o mharbhadh bheathaichean tùsach, chan e teachd an fheadhainn ùir, ge-tà, a thàinig na h-atharrachaidhean as motha, agus tha gainnead sealgairean – gead no madadh-allaidh – air beàrn mhòr a leigeil san èiceo-shiostam nach lìon mac an duine idir.
Tha am pailteas fianais a-nis a’ sealltainn cho cudromach ‘s a tha na beathaichean seo chan ann do thomhas an èiceo-shiostaim a-mhàin, ach do chruth na tìre is nan aibhnichean, ach tha a’ cheist mhoralta ann cuideachd: chan urrainn muinntir an t-Saoghail Leasaichte impidh a dhèanamh air an dùthaich bhochd a cuid choilltean a ghlèidheadh gun a bhith a’ tilleadh fiù beagan den an àrainneachd aige fhèin gu staid nàdarra. Tha e coltach, ge-tà, nach eil cuid ann an Alba deònach aideachadh gur e làmh nàdair a b’ fheàrr air a chùrsa fhèin a stiùireadh, agus b’ e an fhreagairt aig oighreachdan gu marbhadh nam maighichean-bàna air a’ Mhonadh Ruadh o chionn cola-deug dealbh-chluich le sgriobt sgìth. Bha feum aca a’ mhaigheach-bhàn a mharbhadh oir, tha iad ag ràdh, tha iad a’ sgaoileadh a’ ghalair louping ill am measg a’ choilich-fhraoich agus a’ dèanamh sgrios air an fhiùrain. Fìor is gun fhaod seo a bhith – ged nach ann gun dùbhlan a tha am beachd – fhad ’s a tha oighreachdan a’ cur às don t-sionnach agus easan a bhios a’ cumail smachd air a’ mhaigheach-bhàn fhèin, tha e nas coltaiche gur ann airson na prothaid, chan ann tomhas air an èiceo-shiostam, a thachair e.
Ach chan eil e na iongnadh gu bheil uachdaran a’ faireachdainn rud beag iomaganach mun chàineadh a fhuair iad. Nach iad seo na h-amannan duilich dhaibh, is ath-leasachadh fearainn de sheòrsa air fàire agus – hoots! – coltas gu bheil ìseal air choireigin air innse gum feum iad cìsean a phàigheadh air prothaid a’ ghunna. Ach tha iad cuideachd a’ strì an aghaidh dhaoine a tha airson casg a chur air a’ ghunna uile gu lèir, agus mar sin daonnachd fhèin a thoirt a-mach à èiceo-shiostam anns a bheil iad air a bhith nam pàirt fad nam mìltean bliadhna, beachd a tha cho uaibhreach is a tha poileasaidh nan uachdaran air a’ mhaigheach-bhàn fhèin. Chan e a’ cheist am bu chòir daoine beathaichean a mharbhadh, no am bu chòir dhuinn làmh stiùiridh a chur air an àrainneachd, ach dè cho mòr ‘s a bu chòir a’ bhuaidh èic-eòlach aig daoine a bhith air àrainneachd nam pàircean nàiseanta.
Sna Stàitean Aonaichte, chruthachadh na pàircean mòra san linn ‘s a chaidh sa chiad dol a-mach gus bòidhchead agus buadhan a’ bhlàir a-muigh a bhrosnachadh don t-sluagh. B’ e daonnachd, ge-tà, an rìgh, agus cha robh fàilte air a’ mhadadh-allaidh a chuireadh à bith sna Stàitean air fad, no fiù, gu h-iongantach, air an iolair-mhaol, a chunnacadh mar smal air ìomhaigh an nàdair fhoirfichte anns an robh bèistean na fiacla gèire is a’ chròig fhathast nam bagairt. Ach tha an cearcall air tionndadh: ‘s ann a tha a’ mhòr-chuid a-nis a’ tuigsinn gu bheil sealgairean an dà chuid riatanach airson slàinte an èiceo-shiostaim agus luachmhor mar phàirt de dhualchas nam pàircean. Agus cha bheag am buadh a th’ air a bhith aca: mar a sheall National Geographic ann an 2010, on a dh’ath-thilleadh am madadh-allaidh gu Yellowstone agus garbhlaichean Idaho ann an 1995, tha barrachd chraobhan, barrachd eòin, barrachd mathain, agus tha fiù barrachd èisg mhòra anns na h-aibhnichean. Tha bith-iomadachd, tha e soilleir, a’ crochadh air sealgairean aig mullach na slabhraidhe bìdh cho math ‘s a tha e air a’ chraobh agus an damh.
Ann an Alba, ge-tà, tha ìre mhòr de mhì-chinnt ann mu dheidhinn dè a th’ anns na pàircean, agus feumaidh soillearachadh a thighinn o Dhualchas Nàdair na h-Alba agus o ùghdarrasan nam pàircean fhèin, a tha gu ruige seo air a bhith lag ann an dùbhlan a thoirt do dh’oighreachdan. An-dràsta fhèin tha Pàirc Nàiseanta a’ Mhònaidh Ruaidh ann an roinn còig a-rèir seòrsachadh an Aonaidh Eadar-Nàiseanta airson Glèidhteachas Nàdair, inbhe a tha a’ ceadachadh gu ìre mhòr buadh mhic an duine. ‘S e as cudromaiche do dh’oighreachdan, ge-tà, gu bheil e cuideachd a’ ceadachadh manaidsearachd eachdraidheil san sgìre cho fad ‘s a dh’fhaodadh e bith-iomadachd a bhrosnachadh. Agus sin agad e – leisgeul gus a’ mhaigheach-bhàn agus a chuid louping ill a mharbhadh nan ceudan.
Tha ulfhartaich a’ mhadaidh-allaidh air taobh Chàrn an t-Sabhail, ma-thà, fada air falbh. Ach is cinnteach nach robh fèill mhòr aig Loch Lomond Shores is monaidhean lom a’ chlò Hearaich air inntinn Iain Mhuir nuair a chunnaic e Pàirc Nàiseanta Yellowstone na mhac-meanmna, agus feumar roghainn a dhèanamh: pàircean nàiseanta airson cur-seachad a-mhàin, no fìor oidhirp ceàrn beag den tìr a ghlèidheadh do nàdar. Tha an fhreagairt, ‘s dòcha, ri lorg ann an roghainn eile: a bheil Albannaich airson a bhith nam pàirt den èiceo-shiostam mun timcheall mar a tha iad air a bhith on a chuireadh greim air a’ chiad shleagh, no a’ toirt cead do dh’uachdaran ga chruachadh mar a bu toil leotha, is beathaichean a mharbhadh no a bhrosnachadh a-rèir prothaid?


text:
Frauenfeld
‘S e baile air an àirde an ear-thuath na h-Eilbheis a th’ ann am Frauenfeld (IPA: fʀaʊəfɛld). Tha an t-ainm a’ ciallachadh Achadh nam Ban, bho dhà fhacal san Ghearmailtis: Frauen (Mnathan) agus Feld (achadh). Tha e suidhichte aig 300m os cionn ìre na mara[1] eadar Loch Constance (Gearmailtis: Bodensee) agus na Beanntan na h-Alp, anns an roinn (Gearmailtis: Kanton) Frauenfeld fhèin, dìreach 33km air falbh bho Zürich, 256km bho Ghenève agus 128Km bho Bhern, prìomh-bhaile na dùthcha.[2] Tha 22,878 duine a’ fuireach anns a’ bhaile, an 30mh baile na dùthcha a-rèir àireamh-sluaigh.[3] ‘S e Gearmailtis an cànan a tha aig a’ mhòr-chuid dhe na daoine ann an Frauenfeld.
Daoine Ainmeil[deasaich | deasaich an tùs]
- Conrad Dasypodius (1530 – 1600): Matamataigear, Reul-eòlaiche.
- Joris Dudli (1957): Ceòladair Jazz.
Bailtean Co-cheangailte[deasaich | deasaich an tùs]
- Kufstein[4]