text: H.M..3Ì. DCUBKIS U HEW- MORRISON II D "'"'■■ ^"TÌVlièitèi WÈà 'èi m I. LEABH. 2. AIR. # -A.::2Sr GAIDHEAL; Paipeir-litoclifl km Leaìliar-SpiL DARA MIOS AN FHOGHAIR. 1871. GL^I^-iI^:N^SI^>£c Mu 111 Scann Ghaidheil 19 Mu loni] inearlul Shina 20 NiiiUu (ilidan 21 JUatlii L tliclniiahCholuimClhUe 23 Eio'li O Lhreig-Eileanhaidh 'J4 Duu Wirusgtigh a^jus Iain 'lh Orari, air Fogradh nan Gaidheal .. 2(5 CaitUream do Righ Tearlach, II. .. 27 Canada 18 30 Niasji-a An Lon-r)ubU Seoiiaid, Flur Boidhcach a Ghlinn. 31 Tuireadh Seann Fhleasgaca 32 Oiscin ; a 'Linn agus a Bhardachd 32 Ro' na Chomhraig 83 Tuire' Fhinn airson Baile-Chluaidii 34 Maibh-rana 35 Laoidh, air Cor an Ouine 36 " Gabhaibh — eolas thar anòrthaghta."— Gnathfhooail vili 10. 3>TICK:03L.S03Sr  $gl#g^# ADVERTISEMENTS. THIS a-_A_EIli, A MAGAZINI': AND NEWSPAPER DEVOTED TO MISCELLANEOUS CxAELIC LITERATURE, AND TO THE INTERESTS OF SCOTTISH HIGHLANDERS GENERALLY. HdiUfl by ANurs Nicholson, late Editor of " The Canada Scotsman" Neivspapcr. CONTENTS OF No. 2. To..urR  i.oiidi i.ts 42 To Our Subscribers Kind Words f.r IfteG.-f J,— Opinions of the Press. 42 | Emigration to Canada— Advertisement. 13 McGR£C40E, Barrister-at-Law, A . Solicitor in Clianeery, kc. Oliicc— No. 20 Adclàdt' Street, East, near the Court House, Toronto, Conada. MACLENKAN, DOWNEY AND HENDERSON, Barristers, Solicitor.i, Attorneys, &.e. Offices — Mechanics' Institute, Toronto. JTAMI.S MCLENNAN. JOHN BOWNEY. ELMES HENDEUeoN. MACKENZIE & DELAMERE, li;..ii.,ter.s-at-Law, Solicitors in Chan- cery, & mnicau lownuil AN EXCELLENT FAMILY PAPER, Devoted to tlie Interests of SCOTSMEN IN AMERICA, ANL' TO THE 1)1 -SEMINATION OJi- BRITISH AND AMERIC.VN LITEK.VTUHE AND NEWS. Terms, ?2. 50 per annum (Canadian inonr>y). Oifice— No. 37 Pailc Row, New York. A. M. STEWART, Pro.jrictor and Publi.sher. SPS^CIAL NOTICE, To Contributors aiid Cor rcspondeiits. All communications in connection with The Gael, from Great Britain and other parts outside of Canada and the United States, should be addressed until further notice, to Mr. a. G. NICHOLSON, Gla.sgow, Scotland. Communications from all parts of Canada and the United„States, nuiy be addressed as usual, to Toronto, Canada. " My native land, whose magical name Thrills to my heart like electric flaiiie." — I'ringU. THE €m\uVà ^mìswvàxx: A SCOTTISH FAMILY JOURNAL, Devoted to Scottish interests, containing a Gaelic Department, and fostering a taste for Scottish Literature, Music and Poetry, as well as giving a careful digest of Scottish News at Home and abroad, &c. Published weekly, by the Canada Scotsman Printing and PulilisliingSCo. Office 48 King st. East, Toronto. Su];sxiption Olub Rate • $2.00 per annum. S1.50 per annum* AN GAIDHEAL ; PAIPEIR-NAIDHE^CHD LEABHAR-SGEOIL GAIDHEALACH. X CPIEUD LEABHAPt, ANNS AM BHEIL DA AIREAMH DHEUG. ^ . f' (_ V-' 1 .• - / Mar gliath s^jfijK^ >lo in' anam fcin Tha egcula na P^5^J^èn*>.- rr, 'us creag, 'us sliabh a' ruidhleadh— 'S gann a "sheas Greag-Eileachaèdh I'J • En^Ueh hy Principal Sfiaiup, St. Aiidrewi. t Sow of AtUoU and lioar of Baiienooh, tvro con- ♦igxious mountains, the one on tlie Athull side, and the othar on the liadenoch side of the hill of Drutm- machdair. t "Stand tut Craigellacho," 1« the war-cry of the Clau Qraat. 'S a' Ghlcann-niliòr, 'n Gleann-Feiscidh uaig- neach, Suas air fad an cluainleaii glas', Cluinnear sgal an fheadain bhuaireaut', 'S àirde fuaiin mi 'n easan cas'. Carbaid iaruinn ged is neònach, 'S neòiiaiche an luchd do shluagh — Sràidean Lunnuinn air an taomadh Mach air raointean an Taoibh-Txiath ! Sas'naich, Frangaich, spailp, 's luchd-turuis, Ann an uidhcam do gach H ! Brigis fliarsuinn, pCcan leathrach, Brògan I'ainn'reach, 's osain shiod' ! 'S anns 's gach uinneig carbaid, maighdeau 'G ràdh, 's i 'sealltuinn suas gu dian : " 'S ainmean m-dnach Garn-an-t-sabhail, Beinn-mac-duibhe,|| 's am Braigh'-ria'ch !" 'S beag an sgoinns' do'n bholtrach chùbhraidh 'Dh' èireas iir o lus 's o chrann, 'S uillt a' ruith feadh ghleann gu fuaimneach, 'S tosdaehd shòluiut' bhuau nam beann ! 'S coma leò-san Loch-an-eilein, Loch-nan-dorb, 's a dhaingneach liath, 'N Cuimeanach 'us 'euchdan gabbaidh, 'S Faol-chu Bhiiideanaich o chian. Ghùirn-ghuirni ! 'us thus', Bhràigh'-riabh- aich ! Tilgibh sios mu 'r creagan neòil. Chum nach dt-an na daormuinn 'thruagha Tarcuis air 'ur cvuachan mòr'. 'Dian-ruith seach ! Cluinneadh Cuil-fhodair, 'N ait' gairm-chogaidh Threubh, an fhuaims' ; Criolhnaicheadh gach coill' mu'n Mhan'- chuinn — Dhruim, mu'n iadh gach àille, gluais-s' f 'Sior-dhol tuath, a chaoidh cha srianar Na h-eich iaruinn 'n an steud dheirg, Gus am bddhrar le an srannail Creagan geala Rudh' na-Feirg'. 'N fheudar buileach do na Gaidheil Triad o 'n ar jis 'measg nan gleann ? 'Chuid 's a chuid an saltair Sasnaicli Tur fo'n casan llr nam beann f Fineachan a chean* air dlbreadh, Ceòl na piob' 'dol as gu luath ; 'M bàsaich tur ts. Tir nan àrd-bheanu Gàidhlig àdhmhor aosd' nam buadh f " 'S coma,', 'deir thu, "ged a rachadh Na aeann chleachdaidhean air chùl, II Beinn-Mhic-Duibbo (Ben-Maoduff) ; or, Belu- muic-duibbe (the mountain of the blaok sow). AN GAIDHEAL. 25 Bheir an Triath gu buil tre 'n sgrios-san Criochan ris maeli 'eil do dhùil !" Feudaidh sin 'bhi ; acli 'n toir Innleachd, Le a h-ealdhain mhin 's a snas, Treuij-laoich cholgaiTa nan ard-bhennn. No 'n seann cliàirdeas ris air ais ! Ni h-eadli ; acb ge mor am buannachd Far an tig an cruaidh-gliaoir ghrannd', Dli' flialbh gu tiir a' bliuaidli 's an druidh- eaclid, 'S chabhi 'Gliàidli'ltaclid chaoidh marbha ! Acli tha fathast glacan bruachach 'Dhiiisgeas annam smuaintean àrd', 'S giinn gun Jiireamh nacb do thruailleadli, 'S iomadh dithreabh uamhalt, fhàs ; loinadli allt an coirean uaigneach, slieann fhuarain 'g eiridh suas, 'Taoniadli 'n linnean dorcli' an uisge, "S caorann ruiteacb air gach bruaich ; Iomadh loch, le creagan cnairticbt', 'Tiihili gun bhruaihean 'mcasg nam beann, Air nach d' thàinig slighe duine, No fear-turuis fathast teann ; Iomadh sgòrr, mar iolair mhara, Suas fa chomhair laidhe grein', Geal-cheannach le stùchdan cruachach, 'Beachdach' 'chuain 's nan Eilean cèin. Fùilnicheadh iad sin, 'us tlieid mi Gu creig eigiii 'measg nan stuadh, 'Mhealtuinn saorsa, gus an ci-ochar Drochaidean os-ceaun a' chuain ! Ead. lf- a. C. DUN BHRUSGRiGH AGUS IAIN Blia so air a chur r'a cheile 'nuair a blia 'n t-iighdar na oganach beag, air da Ghaidealachd fhagail agus dol a dh'fhuireach do bliaile mor Dhùneidin. Dà bhliadhna roiuibe so chaill uach- daran Ila an oighreachd. Bha 'n ■(>uasal so ro cbaoimbneil ris an tuath agus bha dulichinn nibor orra 'nuair a bbrist e. Bba oighreachd air a cur fo • cheileadair ris an abradh iad Brown, agus maille ris bha seambarlair ris an abradh iad Webster. Bha maoir aca so deas aig an laimh ris an abradh iad " am Boc," mar fhar ainm, agus thei- readh iad " a Chaora " ris an fhear eile. Bha 'n tuath air an cur thuige gu mor, le riaghladh nan daoine so, dh' fhag cuid Qihòr dhiu an tir, 's chaidh na fearuinn aca chur fo chaorich 's crodh. S' ann le cridheachan goirt a dh' fhag cuid dhiu an dachaidhean, 's a chuir- eadh air falbh-cuid eile dhiu as na h-aiteachean ud far an d' ruga.dh 's an do thogadh iad, far an do chaith an athraichean 'us an sean-athraichean an laithean gu toilichte. 'S iomad aite dhuiling mar so anns a Ghaidheltachd, agus b'ann diu gleann Chatadal far an robh air an am so da bhaile dheug fearuinn 's moran tuath agus gillean treun a bha ghnath ullamh gu coir na dùthcha agus na Ban-Righ asheasamh. Bha iad mar gu 'm b'ann air an iomain air falbh agus treudan mor chaorach agus chr^^idh air an iomain n'an aite, agus cha bu bheag sgeig na muiuntir ud 'nuair a bha so air a dheanamh leo, gun smaointean idir aca gu faod an latha tighinn 'nuair a bhitheas gairm air a dheanamh a measg nan gleann air son dion na rioghachd, ach cha'n fhaigh iad do fhreagairt ach meilich nan caorach agus geimnich a chruidh, a bhithis ag ionaltradh a measag nan lathrichean fasa, far 'm bheil dreasdan 's feandagan a comharachadh a mach far am b'abh- aist an teintean a bhi. ARS IAIN. "A DhuÌQ Bhrusgrigh nan cas chreag, Ged bha mi tacan air falbh uat ; Thainig smaointean lb m' aigne Gu tighinn a shealltuinn do ghorm-bhrat, 'S gun gabhainn sealladh o 'd chuirnan, Air gleannan cubraidh nan tolman, Far an d'f huair thu do k'aba, 'S Leac-an-darraich na colbh dhi, 'S cha'n 'eil i lag. " 'S iomadh linn chuir thu tharad. Is garbh 'char chuir an gniomh ort, Cha'n e sin tha fui m' achuing Ach pairt de dh'eachdniidh na linn so. Innis dhomh mu m' Inchd duthcha Ciod an curs' an do thriall iad, Cha'n 'eil a h-aon dhiu ri f haicinn Ris a' leiginn mo bhriathran Ged bhithinn lag. 26 AN GAIDHEAL. " Tlia iiii faicinn nam bailtoan 'S an trie robh aighear 's toilinntiim, Na'n lathi-aiiiliL'au farsiiinu Gun fasgadh na dion amid. 'N aite gleadhraicli nan cairdean Nan seisreach 's nan eliathan, Anns an canach cha'n f liaic mi Acli cihciir 's niadadh r"a chliathaich 'N sa h-iiile snith. " Tha na h-innisean maiseacli 'S an trie a thaghail mi 'm oige, Na lagain tha fasgach Le fuarainn 's biolair nm 'm poran. Gaeli gleann, gauh ciioc, 's glacag Gacli srath agus mointeach, Tha iad uile mar b'abhaist, Acli c'ait' 'eil na cairdean 's na h-eolaich A chai' chur as." ARS AN DUX. " Ma 's e Gall a tha Jabhairt Gabh mo chomhairle trathail, Cuir car anna cl' chasuig 'S thoir ort sios chois na traghadh. Ged tha sibh laidir 'san tir so 'S air 'ur lionadh le ardan, Cha dean sibh amadan dhiomsa Le cur a sios air na Gaidheail Nach d'riiin dhuibhcron." IAIN. "A Dlniiu' aosda nnn glas-chreag 'Se a til 'an nam lior Ghaidheal, A dh'f hag an tir so car tamuil 'Stha measg nan Gallaihh a chomnnaidh. Thug mi 'n sgriob so dh'amhan; Gun faiiaid no morchuis, Dh'f hcnch am faighinn nat sgeula Mu gaeh eucoir 's dolum Air Ila ))honlid." AN DUN. "S iomadh aon thig am amhan;' A bliios ri fanaid 's ri morchuis, Ach 's iad na Goill tlia mi 'gradhtinu Oir tha iad laidir 'san doigh so. Le 'n ada' spairtc mu'n cluasan, 'S dreach an f huaehd air an srointean, Cha'n f haic 's cha'n fhin leo a Ghaeltachd Ged chuir i loinn air na sgrobain' , ;  ; agus uair no uaireiginn. bidh Canada 'na duthaich co mor s cho cumhachdach ri Breatunn feni.* iha n tir 80 anabharach tarbhach, agus nam biodh a' choiU air a' gearradh agus an tir • air a h-aiteachadh, 's duilich a radh cia lionmhor an sluagh a dh' fhaodadh tamh ann le cothrom, agus ann am pailteas. Cha 'n eil .slfeibhtean arda 16m neo-thoracli fo chreagan agus fo fhraoch ann mar tti ann au Gàidhealtachd Albainn, nobog- • Bha an BO a ciallachadh Canada Ard iu.il.ain. AN GAIDHEAL. 3» laichean agus mòintichean farsuing nach urr.iinnear a chur gii feum mar th' ann an Eiriim ; ach faodar an dùthaich nile chur fo bharr agiig fo fheur cosmhail ri machraiche na Galldachd, no Shasunn. Am bitheantas tha'n duthaich còmhnard iosal, agus far a' blieil beanntan, nia dh'fhaodar beanntan a radh rhitha, tha iad fo choille gn 'm mullaicheau. 'Se ni a's iongataich' ann an Canada na lochan uisge tha ann ; a thaobh am meud agus an doimhneachd, tha iad a' toirt barr air lochan-uiege 'n t-saoghail ; tha gach loch dhiubh mar chuan mòr. Is mòr 'nar beachd-ne Loch-Odha, Loch- Laoimunn, Loch-Nia, Loch-tatha 's Loch- Fireann, ach cha 'n fhearr iad na biban beaga 'n coimcas ris na h^chan famsing tha Ban diithaich m'a bheil sinn a' labh- aii-t ; cuid diubli mar tha LaktSuperior, tri cheud agiis tri tichead mil' air fad, agus seaclid iichead mil' air lend 1 Tha astar chòig-cend-deug mile' ceithir thim- chioll an loch-uisge so, agns tha daoine 'deanamh a mach gu bheil e dhith air mile troidh air doimhneachd. Tlia tri no ceithir dhiubh so dliith d'a clièile ; agns a' tearbadh Chanada uachdrach o rìoghachd America the air an taobh eile. O loch gu loch dhiubh so tha aibhuichean a' ruith, a' meu dacha' gu mòr mar tha iad a' dol air an aghaidh, gus a bheil an abhain mh^r d' an ainm an St. Law- rence a tòiaeachadh. Tha 'u abhainn so dliith do cheud rail' air lend far a' bheil i ruigheachd a' chuain. Tha da mhile do mhlltean u'n ait' o'm bheil an abhainn mhòr so ag diridh, 'ioimsuidh an àite 'bheil i 'coinneachadh na fairge. Tha eileanan àillidh luachmhor air na lochau- uisge so, cuid diubh tri Iichead mile air fad. Tha aon ait' air an abhainn mhòir so tha air ainmeachadh "loch nam mile eilein"; chunndadh iad, agus tha soachd- ceud-deug eilean ann an aon ruith air an abhain so. Tha iad do gach cumadh agus meudachd, fo choille dhreachmhoir, agus uile gu loir anabharach aillidh ri amharc orra 's ri sedladh 'nam nieasg. Anns na h-aiteacha sin far a' bheil loch a' tuiteam a stigh do loch eile mar tha iad a' tear- nadh le leathad chum a' chuain, tha sruthan brasa, agus leumannan iiisge nach 'eil an coimeas ri fhaicinn anns an t-saoghal gu loir. Tha abhainn mhor eile ris an abair iad an Ottoxea ; an dèigh dhi ruith ceithir cheud agus leth-cheud mile troinih thir cho tarbhach 's a tha r'a faotainn, agus troimh choille cho dosrach reachdmhor 's a tha 'cinntinn air' thalamh, a' tuiteam a stigh do'n abhain St. Lawrence. x\nn3 an àite far a' bheil iad a' c^mhlachadh a cheile, tha eileanan luachmhor, agus 'sann air a h-aon diubh sin a tha 'm baile mòr Montreal air a thogail. Tha e soilleir o so gu bheil air na lochan-uisge so agus air na h-aibhnichean so slighe fad iichead ceud mile, a' ruith suas o iochdar gu braighe na duthcha, air am faodar malairt agus m;irsantachd an t-saoghail a ghiulan. Anns na h-àite- achan sin far a' bheil aon hjch a' tuiteam a stigh, agus lo so leum-uisg ami nach leig lo soitheach dlreadh no learnadh, tha claisean-nisge, raiials, air un deanamh, air a' blieil na soithicheaii air an giulan air an aghaidh gun mhoille no grabadh air bith a' tachairt. Tha fearann na duthcha so tarbhacii, 's tha 'n duthaich fèin fallain, ged tha 'n t-sid fuar. Ach ged tha 'n t-si'd fuar, tha i tioram, agus math-dh' fhaoidte nach 'eil ceatharnaich a' seasamh air bonn bròige cho calma, churanda, làidir ri Gàidheil (■hanuda. Cha 'n eil por a chinneas an Sasunn nach fas san duthaich so ; tha cuid do thalamh ann 's an cinn an tombac' agus cainb. Airson coille tha i 'n so do gach secjrsa ; 'se saothair an t-sluaigh bhi 'ga gearradh chum a sgrios, agus g'a losgadh. Tha 'chraobh-ubhall a' fas ann an Canada gu reachdmhor ; tha iad a' beathachadh mhuc leis na h-ubhlan, agfis a' deanamh na thogras iad do dh-fhi'on (Cyder) ilhoibh fèin diubh, deoch tha taintiieach lionnar ri teas an t-samhraidh. Tha 'n geam- bradh, mar chi sinu 'na dheigli so, ana- barrach tìadhaich agus fuar ; ach aon uair 'n tig an reothadh gu math a stigh tha 'n t-sfd tioram failaiu. Tha ^n aueachd an sin cho cruaidh 's gu 'n ruith eich le slaoid agus cuirn air 'uachdar 'nan Ian luathas gun uiread a's lorg an coiae fhagail.* So an t'am anàbhaist doiba am barr a chur gu muileann 's gu cladach, am, chum na h-uile goireas fhaotainn o aite- achan fad' as ; tairngidh aon each le cam no sload, barrachd air an ilm so na dheanadh ceithir dhiubh air an rathad mhor san t-samhradh. 'Se so an t-àin a's cridhela 's a's aighearaich' air feadh na bliadhna ; cairdean a' falbh 's a' tighinn, * Bha e le 90 a ciillachadh ua roidean, far aia bi an sncachda air a stainpadh cruaidh le coismheachd dheoine agus bheithicheau. 30 AN GAIDHEAL. BÙgradh agus suilbhoarrachd, taghall agiis ceilidh eadar bhailtean, pailtcas r'a fhao- tainu's r'a slieachnadh, agiistha'u aoidh- eachd agus an fliialaidlieachd a's cair- deala dol air aghaidh. Mur 'eil aite-codail sna tighean-comhnuidh a dh' fhòghnas doibh uile, tha ann na dh' fhoghnas do na iiinathan, agus tha " leaba mhòr ua h-iiiridh" ami an sabhal fiodha airson nan daoine ; tha ceòl agus dannsa, orain agns fieadha'jhas cairdeil a' dt>l air aghaidh ; agus mar so, le leughadh agiis seanachas, tha'n oidhche gheanihraidh a' dol seachad.  eadli nia muUach, 'S c ruith na dheannaibh, Thar bharraiJh nanstocan airda, Le gaii' nihaircann ; Leslachdruich ghailbheach a' tuiteam. An slugan domhainn, (Ju linneathaibli du-ghonn doillear, A goil mar ehoire. An t-aigeal ga thionndadh o'n iochdar, Le nor i.jnneart, 'San gla.s uisge 'bruclidadh an uaehdar, Le luatbs saiglid' ; An linne ga shoistreadh 's ga maistreadh, Troimlie cheile, 'S I fosgladha brolllich-dulbh, Ris na speuraibh. B'iogtantacii an soalladli bhi laicinn. Deataeli liatli-ghlas, Ag èirigli anus an athar, Ri lalha griauacli; 'Nnair Khealladh tu fad air astar, Air an ioglmadh '8e theireadh tu giir bata-tolte, A bli' aim le smuidrioli : Acli 'nii:iirtliigeadh tu'mfagusda Ghal.hiil biacbd air, Throin-ftiliiK'hadli an cathadh caolr-gheal ' Le biMdiiaibh dealt tliu, 'S cliiDicadh 111 ana bogha frois 'Le dli:it liMìhli si,'iamha'ch, Ged bliloilh side fhioram shesgair, Anns an iurmailt. Am rnln-ius_'(' a tuiteam mu'n cuairtdhuit, Air an ailc;iii, 'San f half be gn h-urail uaine, Mar a b'aill leat; Nacraobhan a cinntlnn dosrach, 'S lusan ùr-ghorm, 'A fas le feartalbli na greine, Gu reith fo 'n driuehd ud. Na liasan a tha mu d'thimchioll. (Jha'n iarr uisge, Chan aithne dhoihh idir tiormachd Ri aimsir lolsgleh. Cha tuigear leo ciixl a "s ciall do Bhi gun fhliche, Ged thean'icheadh gach aite mun cualrt doibU Mar chruas cloiche. Tha 'n t-athar gun ghoinue gun chaomhnadh A' taomadh feartan A storas do-thraoghadh na h-almhne Gu saoibliir beartach ; Dh'f hag aghaidh an fhuinn ud A dh'oidli.he 's a latha Gu h-urail naine-f heurach aluinn, A' fas gu falain, Nnair theirneadh tu sios do 'n t-slugan Gu oir an uisge. Bliodhradh an tormanaich uamhaidh, Do chli'.afan buileach. NuMÌr shoalladh tu 'n sin mun cuairtduit, Air a' cha^-siìruth Chuiieadh e do oheann 'na thuaineal, '8 tu 'nad bhreislich ; Us iiuair thigeadli tu 'm fagus do 'nf i^hlaide lia-ghlais, Tha 'n crochadli ri aghaidh na crelge, Bhiodh geiltus fiamh oil, Nuair bheideadh a'i!:haoth gu laidlr 'S on t-uisge frasach' 'Ga chathaJh^u fladhaich a d' aodunn, Gach taobh g an teich thu. Mar latha gailbheach 'san f haoilteach Le gaoth us uisge, A f liliuchadli am prioba na sul thu, 'S adhruigUeadh tur ort. Mar osaig o inueal seididh, I ,L'li cun An ribhi'id is fearr thig air m' fhonn ; Cha n' eil mi gidheadh gun mhòr iogna' ciod ò Dh-fhag d' òran co d'oLisach, trom. A Lon-duibh, 'bheil d'j leannan riut coinih- each no i'.ùr, 'S i gu pn,ÌH,.il ;.; diultiìdh Icat tàmh ? 0, 's cinuteaoh nach eil, — b' iae "ghoguid gun tùr Nacli mealladh 's niich maoth'c'headli do dhau ! A Lon-duibh, 'nè gu'n d' fhnair an druid buaaidh or*, ri ceol Dhùisg buaireas 'us bròn unu ad fhrios ? No 'n d' fhuair thu au nead 's an robli d' iseincan og Air an goidbhuait le gàrlach gun iochd ? A Lon-duibh, a Lon-duibh, tha mi 'cuinih- neachadii nis ! Bha 'n clainhan an rathad so 'n do : 'S niòr m' eagal gu' n d' reub ò do elieilc '.ia' phreas, 'Gad fhàgail-sa dubhaeh 'na di^igh. A Lon-duibh, ma's fior sud, tha mi dulich do d' thaobh, Le co-fhairearain chaomh, m?.r is dual Do neach tha 'nad chor 'faicinn ceart a chor fein : Eisd, 'us iunsidh aobliar mo ghruaim. A Lon-duibh, 's dearbh gur cuimhne leat ribh- inn mo gliaoil, An cailin a b' aobhaicho snnadli, 'S is trie a dheisd còmhla riiim d' 6ran 's a, chraoibh, Ann an coill B)iaile-n-taoir an sud shuas. A Lon-duibh, mar dhriùc Maiglie fo bhlàth- shùil na. grèin Bho 'n talamh rinn m' eudail grad-thriall ; Bha h-iomhaigh cho nèamhuidh 's nach ioghn- adh leam fein Na h-ainglibh bhi 'n deigh siir mo chiall. A Lon-duibh, a Lon-duibh, nis 'an coille nam blàdh— Leig leam a bhi làmh riut a" caoidh : Cha 'n ann do na h-uille eun dhiunisinn fàth Trom-osnaidlipan cràitear-h ;u"-c-hri ! Ach stadam mo bhr  iila Bheinn' Loimunn, 'Toirt àite do neulta is dr-hliuidhe hiinu, Siui'n so feasgar CeitPÌn a 'far.un 'n am aouar, Dluth-smnainteach' air Seoi laid, Flurbòidh- uau'i a Ghlinn. (ii'd's mills an Earra-dhreus ]c 'dhearg-ghuca ciibhraidh, Ged's àillidh am Beithe 'n.i ghorm-thrua- gan grinn, Qur h-àille's gur nnlae, 's gur riomhaiche dhò'-sa Mo Sheònaid bhàn òg— Flùran bòidheach k Ghlinn. Tlia i modhail na gluitsad — cUiln, maiscacli, gun ghuaincis, — Do no-chiontas intina fhuair m' iinusachd làn roinn : guma fad' uaipe an slaoiteir mi-shuaircf Air droch diol a dh' fhàgadh Flùr àhiiim a' Ghlinn ! A Smeòraich ! cum suas do bhinu.dhuanag do 'n fheasgar, 'S gle ehaonih le mactalla nan creag ud do rann : Ach 's caoimhe leam fèin, gach deagh-bheus' , rinn mo thàladh Ri Seonaid bhàn, òg — Fiiifan bòidheach a' Ghlinn. Mu 'm faca mi Seònaid, b' fhaoin solas mo làithean, Cha robh aighjarr a bhaile 'nam aithre ach faoin ; 32 AN GAIDHEAL. Ni mo b'col domh aon nionag a themuadh gu giàilli mi Gu3 an d' fhuair mi mo ihùil air Flo.- (•^bliraidh a Ghlinn. ) ; ' Ged liu Icain-Sii gun diil ataid co àrd 'sa tha 'm dhùthaich, Gun ise ri m' thaobh bhithian aonarach, tinn, 'S mi lUiiiiUs mar neoui gach onoir 'u3 storaj A I'lir easlihiuilh mo Sheònaid— F!ùr btìid- heach a Ghlinn. PjAIi. li; P. C. Batìiurst, Ont. Norn . />umblaii»U»cx.rruptlon of Ouablaiia— the latter lieiixjt iu its turn Diin-l)hlat!iaiii (i.e., the hill cf flowers). Angliiisfid. TUIKEADH SEaNN FHLEASGACA. 8BIBD. Tionndaidh nis is eisd, Tionnilaidh, tionndaidh, 's gabh gu tenia, '.S na dean-sa mar a rinn mi fein, Thoir te a measg na'n cailcagan. 'S tha mise 'nso an diugh learn fhein, Gun agam n' a ni dhomli feum ; Gun mhart, gun each, gun bbeathach spreidh, Gun chearo, gun gheaclh, gun tuniiagun 'Sa 'iiuaira bha mi a'm ghill' og, Bha caoraich agam 's crodh ku leor; Co theireadh rium an sin ri'm bheo, Gu'm laicinn la-cho uireasbhuidlieach. Mo mhallaclid aig an fheargu brnth Nach tagh a bhean 'nuair bhios e traight', Gun f hf'ithldh gus an tig an Ian No bithidh e baithte le cunnartan. 'S beag a shaoil mi 'n lalthean m'olg, Gu'm bithinn-se gun neartgun treoir; Gun bhean, gun mhac, gun neach am choir A bheireadh dhomhse comh-f hurtachd. 'Sa lihotlinn bhochd 'an Koleana fheln, Amdhragh dochach, 's mi fein gun fheum; Gach la a del ni's dluithe do'n eug, 'S gun neach n'am dheigh le n'duillch ml. Is 'Illean caoinichibh am feur, Am feadh 's a bhitheas a ghrian a" dears' ; « tir thig an aois an uine ghearr, 'S b'f hearr leibh gun robh bean agalbh. (Jha'n ioghna' ciod adheireadh dhomhs', 'S an car a tholrta te le m' dheoin ; Oirdh'fhagml nighean steidheil choir, An toir air storasamaideach. Chal'l ml 'n storas, chalU ml'n trend, Cha d'f huair ml 'n te bha ml an deigh; 'S an to a. gheibhinn, 'h thug diiomh spels, Thug ml le eacoir car .-ilste. Tha Ise 'n diugh comnth 'samiann, Tha alec fear is lomadh ceud ; Tha mlse 'n so 'nam bhotiach Hath, Thug iomadh blladhna fo airsneal. Is dh'lnnis mlse nis mar bha, 'Sogabhail)h rabhndh uarasa trft; 'S ma's toigh leat te, thoir dhi do lamh. Is gu brath na bi na d' Jihaitchelear, J. C. OISEIN: A 'LINN AGUS A BFARDACHD. Faodiiidh Ciiirdean agus eascairdean an treun-Miaird Oisein an aidmheil so a tliogail le clieile, gum blieil a radh fein anion firinneacli agvis freagarrach : " Sgeul ri aithris air am o aois ; Giiiombaran laithean nam bliadlmachan a dh'aom." "An Seallama, an Taura no'n Tighraori, Cha-n 'eil slige no oran no ckrsacli ; Tha iad uile nan tulaichean naine, 'S an clachan nan cluainibh fein ; Cha'n fliaic aineal o'n lear no o'n fhasach A li-aon dill 's a bharr ro neul." Cha'n 'eil ni's mo oighean nan rosg mall aig Morni a' bualadh clarsaich no togail dain. Tha clarsach gun tend 'am Morbheinn : cha'n 'eil guth no ceol an Cona : thuitaraon an triath 's am bard, 's cha'n 'eil clin 'san aird ni's mo. Cha'n 'eil lann a' bualadh beum-sgeithe. Tha Fionnghal nan iomadh beus 'us buaidh ann an stri nan lann, 'us Oisein, Ixard milis caomh nam fonn, 'us Oscar gaisgeach mor meamnach ard nam feart, maille ri treun-laoich na Feinne a thog oi-an 's a laimi sicli claidheamh anns na laithean a bha 's a dh 'aom, — tha iad uile, 'nan cainnt fein, nan ciar thalla a' sealg feidh dhoilleir nan niall. Mhar- caidh iad uile ann an laithean nam bliadlmachan a dh fhalbh, air iomall an sgiathan le greadhnachas gu clann nam Fionn, 'Am Morbheinn cluiteach nan sruth gaireach 's nan aonaichean neul- ach sprochdach, cha'n 'eil le siol nan sar- ghaisgeach sgiath leathan g' a sgaoil- eadh, no claidlieamh geal g' a tharruing; ni's mo cha chrathar craosnach agus cha seinneai- dan catha baoisge le laoich ard dhuineil aiginneach Fhionnghail mhoir nan sleagh, 'nuair a bhitheadh gach suil air lainn 'us tuar 'righ ard nam beum 's nam beusan mor. Cha robh na linntean tearc anns an robh bardachd na Feiime — nan-orain chaomha chiuin a b' abhaist do mhile bard air mile clarsaich agus cruit chiul AN GAIDHEAL. 33 a sheinn ann an tallafhial mac Chaomh- ail, air an giulan a nuas le beul aithris o gliinealacli gu ginealach, gus fadh- eoidli an d'eirich buidheann de dhaoine foghluimte suairce, aig an robh mor- mheas air na dain d* am bu nos aigbear agus suimd a dbiisgadh le 'm fuaim thiambaidh fhonnmbor ann anliichairt- ean nam ]\Iorbheinn, an trath a bkit- eadb an-t-slige 'dol mun cuairt, agus solas 'us tlusalaclid air am faireacb- duinn ann am bròn 's 'an tuireadh dian na sithe. Mun rannsuicb sinn na doigbean trid an robb dain Oisein air an gleidbeadh air chuimlme re nine co fada agus co dorcba; 'us mun gabli sinn beacbd air an am agus air a' mbodb a bha iad fadbeoidb air an cruinneacbadb le Seumas Mac a' Pbearsainn agus Gaidlieil tbi-eun - inntinneach theo- cbridbeacb agus ealanta eile, bitbidb è iomcbuidb dljuinu pilltinn air 'ur n' ais, agus feucbainn, le combnadb nan £goilearan a rinn feum co maitb de na gatbannan faoin a tba 'nis agus a ritbist a dearsadb anus an dorchadas, an dean siiin a macb suidbeacbadb nan Gaidbeal bha tuineacbadb ann an Albainn ann an CBLkl linntean a' cbreidimb Cbriosd- uidh. Tban combdbunadb bunaiteacb agus soilleir a db' ionnbsuidb am bbeil daoine teacbd mu tbiomcbioll ceud- sbuidbeacbadb nan Gaidbeal ann an iomadb cearna iomallacb de'n Roinn Eorpa. Gbluals iad gu mocb air falbb bbo'n aird an ear far an robb air tiis an cinne daoine uile' tuineacbdb. Sgaoil iad gu deifireacb tbairis air combnardan reambar, tborracb na Mdr-Roinn, a' fagail 'an siid agus 'an so — ann an ainm dutbcba agus ann an cleacbduinn aosmbor iongantacb, cuimbneacban do na fineacban lionmbor a tbainig 'nan deigb. Cba'n 'eil èfurasda aig an am so, an deigb do linntean co dorcba an cuairt a ruitb, ceumannan nan Gaidbeal 'nan ceud tburuis a lorgacbadh. Tbui- nicb iad anns an dutbaich a tba 'nis air a-b-aiteacbadb leis na Frangaich, agus tbainig iad le beagan dragb tbairis do Bbreatuinn. Db' imicb iad re uine mu tbuatb, agus ann an eileannan cnocach lionmbor, ann an glinn 's an sratban fbasgacb uaigneacb Albainn, fliuair na Gaidbeal agus an canain fbogbainteach fardacb, agus daigbneacb a cboisinn doibb tearuinteacbd 'us seasmbachd 'us soirbbeacbadb, am feadb a bba agbaidh nan dutbcbannan mun cuairt air a-b- atbarracbadb 's air a millidb gu minic le feacbdan garg nan Eomanacb, nan Locblinnicb agus nam fineacban neo- cneasda alluidb aig an robb an ionad combnuidb fein am measg fuacbd 'us reotba na-b-airde Tuatb. (Gu hid air a leantuinn.) CONA. RO' NA CHOMHRAIO. (BHO 'NA BHEURLA.) Air fonn :— " JiLst before the Battle, Mother." A mhathair ghaoil ro am na còmliraig, Tha mo smuaintean ort-sa 'mhtiin ; Air an fhaiclie re an latha As ar n' eascaraid aig laimh. Companaich dhaimheil tha mu'n cuairt dhomh, Le gradh Dhe a's fàrdaich làn, 'S fliios aca gur h-ioma' gaisgeacli 'Bhios an atli-lath' 'n glaic a Bhais ! LUINNEAG. Soraidh leat a nis a mhathair, Siuhh'laidh mi gu blàr nam heum ; Ach na di-chuimhnich gu bràth mi Ma hhios m' aireamh aig an 'Eiig I 'S fada learn gacb latha 'mhathair, Gu3 gu faic mi ghraidh thu-fhein ; Ach gu bràth cha 'n fhàg mi bhratach, 'S pilleadh dhachaidh dh' easbhuidh euchd. An luchd-brath a ta mu 'n cuairt duibh, 'S mòr an lochd iad ann ar càs — Mheall ar gaisgeich anns gach haiteal, Le 'bhi caidreamhach ri 'r nàmh ! Soraidh leat a nis a mhathair, dec, . Eisd ! is cluinn an triumbaid cheolmhor Tha g' ar seòladh dh' ionnsaidh 'chath ; Teasraig sinne 'Dhe na glòrach, Buanaich dhuinn ar cor a's ceart. Cluinn a nise guth na Saorsa Air a ghaoth a tigh'nn le seisd ; Mar a buanaich sinn ma 'r brataich, Gheibh sinn fas gach teach 'san t-sreup ! Soraidh leat a nis a mhathair, dec. FiLIDH KAM BeANN. 3* AN GAIDHEAL. TUIRE FHINN AIKSON BAILE-CHLUAIDH. Lr, OisErx. Ghlac Cumhul, athair Fhinn, Baile-chluaidh, agus loisg se e. Bha am baile air craig phim-Breiteann, an nisge Chliiaidh ; agus sgrios Cumhal e, chuiu 's nach bithsacih e na ahamgnfacli na aghaidh. " To^-aibh, bliarda a 's caoin, am fonn," Thuibhairt Fionui^hal ard shonn nan sgiath ; " Togaibh clin min Mhaona nan tonn, A's i cadal am fonn nan sliabh."^ " Gra.irmibh 'h-anam gu mall fo dhnan Nail o'u talamh nan stuadhan mor : Biodii' caoin astar osceann nan cruach Air Mòr-bhei nn a 's bnadbach òi^h — ^ G-athan greine nan laithean a dh aom, Solais blianail nan daoine bh' ann. " Chnnnam balla Bhail-chluaidh nan lann, Air nach eirich ach i^ann guth slòigh : 'S an talla bha teine nach lann, 'N diiigh g-an chaidre measg chlann as òigh. " Dh aom Cluaidh ;- bha sruth eatrom air raon Bho ard bhalla thuit claon fo smùr. 'N sinbha cluaran gluasad fo ghaoith, A's coineach a caoineadh fo 'n tùr. " 'N sionnach ruadh bha 'n a ninneig fein, A's mall Ihubadh an f heir m' a chùl. 'S fàsach cònuidh IMhaona nan tend ; 'S doilleir talla nan ceud 's an tiir. " Togaibh, bharda, bròn caoin nam fonn Mu ard thalla nan tonn a bh' ann : Thuita treuna lada io thom,* A's thig laithean nan sonn so nail. " Cuira' thogadh leat talla nan corn, A mhic airasir nach mòthar sgiath, Thu coimhpad an diugh bho d' thùr mhòr, A's ant ath-lath fo scòrr nan sliabh ?' " Cha mhall blian'an 's cumhachdach triall, Le osaig nan ciar mhonadh fas A gairm ann an talla nan triath, Nis' air tuiteam gu thrian air làr. " Chiar osag, Ihig bho mhonadh fas f Bi'dh sinne sàr 'n ar lailhibh fein ; Bi'dh comhar mor mo Ihainn am blàr, 'S bi'dh m' ainm aig iomad bard an cein. 1 An duslach nan sliabh. 3 Bhiodh anaman nam marbh a sinbh il air na neoil, a reir b.'aelidan nan linn ud. 3 Bail-Chluaidh. 4 Dli' eug iad. 5'S an uaigli. 6 Tim am fonn a caochladh an 80. AN GAIDHEAL. 35 " T02: fonn, 's cuir slige ait m' an cuairt: Biodh solas ard ri Ihuaidh a' m' choir. Nuair dh' aomas tusa chi mi shuas, Ma thig thn nuas, a sholuis mhòir, " Ma ta 's air am 's air am gun tuar, Mar Fhionnghal òg a 's luaithe cenm, [Bi'dli mis' mar thusa fad fo bhuaidh ;] Is ceart co bnan mo cMiu 's tu fein." Mar sin a thog an rij^h am fonn, Air làith' nan sonn a b' airde clith : Bha ceud fear-facail 'g eisdeachd shnas, Ag aomadh balbh gu luaidh an righ. Bu chosmhnil sin ri fuaim nan tend Nuair dli' eireas mall a ghaoth bho 'n fhrith. B' àiUidli smnaintean nasal do chleibh;'' Cnim' ta Oisein a' d' dheigh gnn neart ? Ach seasaidh tn, athair, leat fein ; Co e coimeas righ treun nam feart ? MARBH-EHANN DO 'N URRAMACH PADRUIG MAC- ILLEADHAIN. LE RUARI MOIKASTAN. [Bha '11 duine nasal, Urramach so na fhear teagaisg ro mheasail agus ain- meil 's gacli aite anns an robh e. Bugadh e ann au eilean Leoghais ; bha e uair na mhinistir ann an Ceap Breatuinn, Nova Scotia, as a' sin chaidh e air ais do dh' Alba, agiis bha e re nine na mhinisteir na h eaglais Saoir ann 'n Steornabhagh, far an do bhasaich e air mios dheireannach an Earraich, 1868.] Cha 'n nrra' mi, cha 'n aithne dhomh, Do chliu gu ceart a luaidh, Ann am braithraibh comlmard falainn, A bhiodh airidh air do chuau-t ; Ach se do chliu gu h-araidh, Anns gach aite gu'n tug thu buaidh, 'S tha thu nise sabhailt, Aig gairdean deas an UaLn. Cha bu gheug gun toradh thu, Ach maiseach a measg chaich, Suidhichte anns an fhionan, Nach do chaill a riamh a bhlath ; Ghlanadh mar an t-airgiod thu, 'S mar an t-or 's deirge gnath, 'S bu shoitheach glan Ian eifeachd thu; Le sgeimh an ti tha 'n aird Bha iorasalachd 's gradh, A tighinn 'n airde ruit 's gach ceum, Bha do phearsa maiseach aluinn, 'S buaidh do naduir bha da reir, 'S do chliu bidh aig na braithrean, Anns an fhasach's fad' an rèis, Oir chaill iad nis Faidhe, A bha gradhach ac' gu leir. Cha 'n 'eil thu nise ga d' sharachadh, " 'Sa phaileann so air chuairt, Cha bhi trioblaid inntinn ort, 'S cha bhi thu tinn car uair, Chaidh thu suas le ordheareas, 'S dhf lalbh na deoir 'o d' ghruaidh ; ' A Dhia nan gras gun deonaich dhuinn. Bhi comhla riutsa shuas. Tha am foun an so a caojhladh a re. 36 AN GAIDHEAL. Feumaiilli siiine a chairdean, Tliighinn a lathair 'Bliritlieanili nilioir, Chi sinii 'n sin Padruig, Measg an aireamh cliaidh thoirt beo 'S cuLi-idh e' sa a sLeula, liis a hliinn tbeid eigheaclid cruaidh Na 'n agliaidh-san a dhitear, Leis an fhirinn bha e luaidh. Guidblieam air mo cbairdean, A dheisd Padruig air a cbuairt, Gu 'm jiilleadb sibb gu 'r Sbanaighear, Mu 'n tig am bàs gu biath ; Mu 'n toir e sios do dborninn sibb, Gu staid eu-docbais bbùan, Mu'n duiuear dorus trocair oirbb, O tbigibb beo gu luatb. LAOIDH AIR COR AN DUIXE. Lb Eausaib Ruuadh Ni'n Donnachai, E Raineach, abhathuineadh, ri Seann LAITHIBII, AN- CrOIT LhABHHAINX, OS- CIONN LlIEAUAGAX. 's inithicli dhuiiiii dusgadh ; Tha sinii fada nco-shurdail gun stà ; Sinn gun oinliail gnu c.hàiMra Gun tig siun gu cunntas gu bràth. Nam liu Uieir duiiin an gnothadi, Cha bu choir ilhuiuu bhi gabhail na dàil ; Guin bi 'n obair ri fheuchainn Nuair thigt(!achdair g' ard 'neigheacdid bho 'n bhàs. Ciamar Ihabliras siim facal Nuair a bheir an Ti Cheart sinu na IhJi'ir 'S a lliiuthad lath agus bliaua A bhuilich sinn dioinliain mar tha ? 'S ann clium uilc bha ar togradh : 'S bha sinn lei.sg a chum obair nan gras. S' cruaidli au gnotliauh ri eisdoaclid Gach lochd tha ri Iheughadh 'n ar là'ir Nuair theid trompaid a sheideadh, Theid an cruinne gu leir bun o^ceaiui ; Na bhios marbh ni iad dusgadh, 'S bheir an cuan an sin cunntas nacli gann. Thig critli-tliahrihainn a dhuisgeas Na ii-uaighcau bha duinnte gu teann, Nuair tliig iJrcithc' na còrach A thoirt brcith air gach seors a bhios ann. Is fath nagail a's curaiii A bhi ,smuaiiie:ich ma 'n nine sin fhein. Biilb ncul ruadh air a ghealaich, 'S culaidh bhroin a cur falach mu'n ghrein : Theid an saoghal 'n a smùraich, Agus leogliaidh gach diitliaich mar chtiir Nuair thig Buachaill' a Cheartais '(.■habhail cunntas air fad anus an treud Nuair tliig Breithe' na Firinn, 'S beag t-ioghnadh ar 'n inntinn bhi trom, Ni ar cogais ar diteadh ; lUthidh Htir ar l)inn ann ar com. T licid ar tearbadli bho cheile Mar ni 'm buchaill' an spreidh air an torn— Cuid gu subhachas siorruidh, 'S a chuid eile gu diogh'ltasaibh trom. Ach tha 'n saoghal so 'n oònaidh 'G ar cumail an dòchas gach lath Gun toir psa dliuinn .sòhìs, Siun a gabhail a sheoil anus gach càs. Aoh nuair thaisgear 's an uir siun, A'.s a chuireas e cul ruinn gu bràth, B' fhearr d' am anamaibh bhi 'n siochaint Na na choisinn sinn riamh air a sgàtli. Ach ma sheallas tu cinnteach, Chan 'cil moran toilinntinn i'o'n ghroin Ni is mo tha do dhuil ann, S' ann is doch e chuir cul riut gu leir : 'N aite aighir a's sugraidh Gum bheil bròu agus curani 'u a dhèigh ; A's air pailtead do stòrais Cha toir thu fo'n fhòid ach thu fhcin. Ach 's e leigheas ar dochainn Sinn a rliannsach an doruis 'n a thvJith A tha treoireach am fochair Caithir Dhe a's a shoehairean àiUt, A bhi 'g earbsadh le durachd Gun do ghlan E ar cunntas 'n a Ihà'ir, A's gum meal sinn an reite Choisinn Esa chaidh cheus' air ar sgàth. Bha r(^isinieid ann an aon do db-Inn- sean na h-àirde 'n iar ; bha niòran do na daoiiie 'bàsachadh, agus cha nihdr gum b'fhòarr na h-itigich. An dt^igh do'n lar- mad tighin dachaidh, bha dnin'-uasal a choinnich aon dona saighdoaran, a feòra- dhe ciod bu choireach ris na daoine bhi iubhal CO lionmhor. ' ' 'Se bhi 'g òl a rum ùr a bha 'gam mai-bhadh," arsa'n aighdoar. "Creididb mi sin mu na daoine," arso'n duinniasal ; "ach cha'n urrainn e bhith gu'n robh na h-oifigich ag ÒI an rum iir !" ''Clia robh idir, le'r cead," arsa'n saiglieear ; " 'se 'n seann rum a chuir as do na h-oifigich." TPI E SCOTTISH HIGHLANDER, AN ENGLISH SUPPLEMENT TO " THE GAEL." A OAELIB MAGAZINE AND NEWSPAPER PUBLISHED BY NICHOLSON & CO-. TORONTO. CANADA, AND CLASOOW, SCOTLAND- ON THE STRUCTURE AND AFFINITIES OF THE GAELIC LANGUAGE- By P, McGregor, M.A. (Continued from, Ko. 1.) "We had prepared a comparative list of words in all the parts of speech, but Tre find that onr limits will compel us to omit the nouns, the common adjec- tives, and the verbs. We select these for exclusion, because they are the parts of speech which most easily pass from one language to another, and therefore they ai-e a less reliable test of affinities than those words which yield only when the language to which they belong becomes extinct. Although the English con- tains myriads of words of Latin or Greek origin, yet the pronouns, the numeral adjectives below a million, and the indeclinable parts of speech, are nearly all of Germanic origin. We may, therefore, infer that the Gaelic words in the following list are original, even where similar words are found in contiguous languages, which is frequently not the case ; the Gaelic often agreeing with the Greek or Sanscrit, where Latin, Welsh and German differ. Pronouns. Gaelic. Latin. Greek. Sanscrit. Welsh. German. English. am," inn,* \ ego, me S egon, ion, ( ego j aham ] ma, me 1 av,' wn* > ich, mich I, mo me, mi 1 mi, vi tu, thu tu, te tu, su, se twam, twa ti du, dich thou, thee . se è is he sa ev, e er he, him si.'i ea he sa hi sie she, her (eadh) id it amuid* imis* (nus) sinn [nos ( hemeis Inò ( vayam f I nas em,* om* ni I Go,+ veis j uus I we, us (bhuis) sibli Tos spho? vas Go yus ? ye, you siad, iad se, ii, eao / spbeis, \ sphas \ te, tas ( hwynt, (bwy |-sie they, them. mo me — em— me (of me) (ray) vy mein nif to, do tu— t— , s—   from de de ' off, of in, an in en yn in, an in (indir) eadar iutcr antar unter 1 between I among to do, adh ad {?^ras,}«».^" chum, gu i thun j 1 cu7)i (with) i tenus I sun (with) sam (with) ca7i (with) gen \ up or ( on to (uabliar) air ' super huper upari av ueber on, above fo, aig apud hupo upa (near) ach bei, Go uf \ under, by ]at es, e 1 as, a j ■ ex, e ex, ek oc aus out of (uuiba) j uinie, uiu   non, ne ouk, ouch ni, na na kein Go, ni, no I not nior, nach nee, neu nac, neu noch not, nor ro, ra, sar rhy sehr veiy, too fagiis engus, agos Go, /ccJls, (in) near moch mox moch early, I presently (tan) cuine quando kada [ Go, than, ( chwan 1 when far, caite, ca kutra, kwa cwdd, cw TO, Go,chwar where cuime kim why nuise, nise nunc nuni, nun nun, Go nu now rls, ais ro aps agiiin,back eadhon etiani yatha eben ? j even ] likewise suas sursum upward sior, riamh semper immer ever agus, (ceo) atque, ac, que kai cha Go yach and acht, ach ast, at atar eithr Go, ak, ith but nan, an an ean, an nwau, nu Prefixes. Go, an if, whether Signification ana en excess an, ain, }'» an, a, ne ana an un un, not ao, neo mio, mi me (not) mi.s mis, not di, do dis, di dus, du (Zi4S (difficult) dis, di, dos ( asunder, ] defect again. ath aute, au ad back comh, con >-com, con, co sun, sum cym, cyn, cy together so su easily, well Affixes. Gaeijc. Latin. Gkeek. Sanschit. Welsh. German. English. . adas, eadas ad, ead itas, atus asis, esis, C is, as, us fedd, id f concrete as, eas tetos, tes   og ^ chcn, lin ) diminu- f tives ' ach, each ac, iu or, er ik, uk. or, ar ' ak, ik, uk, ) wg, og ab'stract ail, 11 aidh, idh ta, da al, el (at, et 1 ion J av, ÌT •al'el' al, im, ar, er, al, "il, at, ma, may ' ig, or, awr [ iol, awl ) aid icht station quality amh, eamh em * This Ì3 probably the noun nos, custom or habit. t Gaelic masculine diminutives terminate in n, and feminines in g. The Welsh termination yu is mascn- ine, an common, and tn, ig and og feminine. 40 SUPPLEMENT TO THE GAEL. The rules of composition and derivation are the same in Gaelic as in Latin ; but the collocation of words is somewhat different, the Gselic always putting the verb before the nominative. The common adjectives generally follow, in stead of jireceding the qualified nouns. Where, as sometimes happens, they may either follow or precede, the sense differs. Thus an sean duine is the old man, as distinguished from the young man, while an duine sean signifies simply the man who is old. So sean dan signifies a poem composed long ago, while ddn sean would denote an aged poem, and therefore, this form would here be improper. The numeral adjectives immediately precede the qualified nouns, as in English. In the structure and collocation of words, Gadic differs little or nothing from Old English or German. It admits of greater freedom in tlie ai-rangement of words than modern English or French, but much less than Welsh or the classic languages. The significations of words are also re- markably precise and definite. In what relates to the arts and sciences, it is of course very defective; but in evei'^-ihing that regards external nature and the mental feelings, it is quite copious. Owing to its precision and simplicity of structure, the meaning of a .speaker is readily perceived, if he has any, and if he has not, that also is generally apparent. In sevei-al of these resjiects it is widely different from the Welsh. The words in this language are, on the whole, much less precise in their signification; and this, combined with its com- plex syntax and loose arrangement of words, renders the meaning of a speaker or writer not unfrequently obscure. Gaelic is also richer in primitive terms, and tliose expressive of emotions. Hence it is better adapted for poetical compositions and such as excite the passions. Considering the comparatively small number of mankind who have ever spoken it, the amount of poetical compositions of merit which it contains, is surprisingly great; and we believe many will study it for these, long after it has ceased to be a living language. The extent of its poetical treasures is un- known to very many, even of those who speak it, while beyond its own limits, they are very little known. In conclusion, we may be allowed to say a word regarding the afiinity of the Gaelie to the Hebrew and the Syro- Arabian languages in general, a subject on which much has been written. We deny, then, that Gaelic shows any affinity with those languages much more marked than any other Aryan language. In fact, many of the resemblances pointed out hold equally true of Old Eng- lish. At the same time we admit that the affinity is marked and striking. Thoygh the languages differ widely in structure, yet many of the words and idioms are the same, both in form and signification, so that we cannot hesitate to conclude that the Gselic has a common origin with the Hebrew. This, how- ever, has been recognized as true of the Aryan and Syro-Arabian languages generally, by several eminent philologists. The Gaelic has preserved so many ancient forms as to show that it has changed surprisingly little for many long ages. REMARKS ON G^LIC ORTHOGRAPHY. Some of our readers having taken and have long been, familiar with Gaelic exception to our mode of spelling cer- orthography ; but we do not feel bound tain Gselic words, a brief explanation to write every word precisely as those becomes necessary. readers would. There are at this day We may state at once that we are, many hundreds of words variously SUPPLEMENT TO THE GAEL. 41 •written by English authors, although the English language has been exten- sively vvritten for a much longer period than Gselic. The fact is, that Gajlic orthography is by no means fixed ; we could not reasonably expect that it should be. The language was not culti- vated to any great extent till within the memory of persons still lining; and there is no single authority that deser- ves to be implicitly followed. The first Gnelic printed books re- sembled the English printed books of the same age in the spelling being very bad; there vv'as nothing like uniformity, and there were several letters inserted tha^ were better omitted. When the Bible was first published in what pur- ported to be Scottish Gaslic, it in fact contained many formsexclusively Irish, evidently copied from the Irish Bible. A revised edition came out in 1816, in which some of the Irish forms were excluded. A second revised edi- tion was published in 1826, in which more of the Hibernicisms disappeared. But many were still retained, such as confounding c/e and do, writing luidh for laidh, putting single vowels for diph- thongs, and diphthongs for triph- thongs, as tigh for taigh, or taoigh, and coileach for caoileach. We re- ject all Hibernicisms, and write Scot- tish Gaelic purely. There is a glaring defect in Scottish Gaelic, from which the Irish Gaelic is free, as it does not distinguish the secondary from the primary initial sounds of I, n and r. The Irish distinguish all the secondary forms, by putting a dot or Btroke over the initial consonants. In Scottish Gaelic, the distinction is shown iu the case of the other consonants by writing an h immediately after them ; but the three unlucky consonants I, n, and r, are left out in the cold, so to speak ; and you cannot tell, when you read chunnaig i a leannan air anjhdll, "whether it was her own, or her lovers sweetheart that she saw. We obviate this defect by indicating the secondary forms by simply writing an h after them, as in the case of all the other consonants, as was suggested long ago, !iy Dr. Alexander Stewart, in his Gaelic Grammar, and we know some other writers of Gaelic have done. The lai'ge Gaelic Bible of 1826 followed the Irish mode to distinguish the secondary forms of these three letters; but the other plan is better, as it dis])enses with par- ticular forms of letters, and makes the method uniform throughout. We may add that no Gaelic writer of any note implicitly follovv^s the Gaelic Bible in spelling; and some Avriters of note, such as Mr. James Munroe, a poet, and author of a good Gaelic Gram- mar, have departed from its forms more widely than we have. It would detain us too long to give our reasons for every departure, but this is needless. We aim at Avriting pure Scottish Gaelic, rejecting both ob- solete and Irish forms, and excluding quiescent consonants that should never have been admitted, such as dh in oire (Latin haeres,) an heir, and in hliana (Welsh blynedd) a year. So in all words compounded with comh, or co, we would reject tlie mh before consonants, and retain them before vowels, as is done in Latin. We think the few changes we have introduced are warranted by good reasons, and that they render a composition easier to read and under- - stand, and make the language more adapted to the communication of thought accurately and rapidly. We have thus given our views freely ; but we are ready to listen to '" anything which any of our learned readers have to say on the subject ; and if they convince us that our views are wrong, we will act accordingly. NEWS OF THE HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS. A Postal telegraph office has been opened at Glencoe. A Gaelic Societj is about to be formed in Inverness. 42 SEPPLEMEET TO THE GAEL. Thk HAnvKST. — In spite of a good deal of rain ajid cloudy cold weather, harvest is now nearly ovt-r throughout the North. And to all appearance the result is not unsatisfactory. Turnips look remarkably well, but potatoes, we regret to learn, are showing symptoms of disease over a wide range of country. — Inver- ness Courier. The members of the Clan Campbell who subscribed to the gift presented to H. R. H. the Princess Louise are informed that the committee have sanctioned the r ublication of an interesting volume in connection with this event Call.— At a meeting of the Free Church congregation, Kildaltion, Islay, held on the 28th August, and presided over by the Uev. Mr. Pearson, Kilmeny, it was unanimously resolvol to give a call to the Rev. Alexander M'Donald, preacher, Stornoway. We learn by the newspapers, that a Lews boat (luring the herring fishing, at Wick, haided such a quantity of herrings, that with the moderate swell in the sea she filled and sunk, before assistance could be rendered. The crew, consisting of five men, were drowned. Sad Accident in Syke.— Mr. Alexander Mackenzie, tenant of Kilmore, near t.roadford, went out with a friend to shoot wild fowl, and while he was in the act of pushing aside a gun, which he observed to be in a dangerous posi- tion in the boat, it went off, and the charge passed through the fleshy part of his thigh. The wound did not appear to lie serious, but lock-jaw unfortunately set in, and he gradu- ally sank, and expired. Mr. Mackenzie was onlv about twenty-one years of age. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. ';». ^- We regret very much that, owing to the ■•.absence of Mr. Nicholson on other business, the present number of The Gael, is so far be- hind. Tlie next number, which is due in Novemlper, however, will be promjit on time, and after January 1st it will appear regularly every m^intli. '■ . An GArDAEAL ; The Gael, a magazine and newspaper devoted to miscellaneous Gaelic literature, and to the interests of Scottish. Highlanders generally. Edited by Angus Nicholson, late editor of the Canada Scots- man, Toronto, Canada ; Nicholson & Co. • * * * The Magazine is well printed in good readable type * * * * The contents are very varied and interesting. The articles generally short and pointed. * » * * rpj^g Nicholsons, of Toronto, seem to be a very en- terprising iirm, and have faith in the Gaelic. Ihey are publishing a complete edition of the Gaelic Bards, forming a collection of Gaelic poetry fioin tin- earliest pi'iiod to the present day, to be completed in 25 parts at one shil- ling each. They promise to begin with Os- sian and end with the latest known bard.— Paisley and Re.nfreivshirc Gazette. The Gael — a magazine and newspaper de- voted to miscellaneous Gaelic literature, and to the int(n'ests of Scotti.sli Highlandeis gen- erally. Published by Nicholson & Co., To- ronto, Canada. We have just received and perused the first number of this periodical, and cannot speak too highly of its contents. The articles are all first-rate, and do honor to the scholarship of its Gaelic editor ; and though we differ a little from him with regard to some words, still we give him credit for style and purity of language. The magazine cannot fail to be appreciated by the Gaelic-speaking ])opulation of both .\merica and Great Britian— "oir a's mills do 'n Ghaidheal eanain a dhuchci fcin." The selections of Gaelic poetry are very happy, and the tone of the magazine healthy and characteristic of the hardy-head- ed Gael. We recommend the Gael to those who can read the language, as it cannot fail to interest, instruct and amuse. — Sterling Journal and Advertiser. Our Celtic friends on the other side of the Atlantic have tripped up their brethren at home, for while the latter are only thinking of publishing a periodical devoteil to the pre- servation of their ancient and time-honored vernacular, the Celts in the Dominion can al- ready boast of such a work, the first part of which is now before us. It does honor to the energy and patriotism of the Celts in Canada, and is altogether worthy of a warm welcome on both sides of the " Great Sea." * * * * We have no hesitation in re- commending its object to the favorable atten- tion of our Highland readers, believing it will prove itself useful in cementing the bonds be- tween the Celts separated by the ocean, in SUPPLEMENT TO THE GAEL. 43 promoting the desirable Bobject of re3cuing Celtic popular history from entire oblivion, and in supplying a medium, fully as miich wanted here as in the colonies, for advocating Celtic rights and exposing Celtic wrongs, and in giving to the public those interesting mem- orials of Celtic customs and superstitions which are fast dyiug eivra.y.— Northern Ensign, Wick. "We are glad to see a copy of the Gael, which is published in Toronto, Canada. * * * * The Gael deserves the support of every Highlander ; it is expected to be read by all Gaelic readers throughout the world, for agents will be appointed to receive subsc- ribers wherever Highlanders are located. The principal writers in the Gael being gentlemen who are well known for their classical abili- ties and moral worth, the reader cannot be disappointed. — Oban Times. PHILCLOGICAL ENQUIRIES. {Contimied.) y, ■ . . ^Ti " . - • OJ - in":;::.' • "3 : • : : S, . 1 M i M -SI c3 o" 1. How large a number of negative jiarticles the survey of several languages brings into view. 2. How large a number are common to seve- ral languages. 3. That several particles have a variety of forms, even in one and the same language. 4. That some of those word.s, though used independently in one language, are used only in composition in some other lan- guage. 5. That several negatives are the result of composition — see examples — particularly in the Latin colum.n. 6. That though Mr. Muller gives a different account of the Latin nihil from that given above, yet its derivation from ne illc re- ceives countenance from the derivation given of other Latin negatives. 7. That the Gaelic cha seems the property exclusively of that one language, and that a similar thing is observable with reference to the Hebrew lo and ha,l, and to the Latin hand. 8. That whilst the Gaelic a and ain are rep- resented on two different lines of the scheme, it is worth enquiring whether they are not different f-rms of one word, and whether they and all the other words which stand on the first two lines may not have a common origin, C. M. K. With reference to the above observe- OSSIAN. In the June number of Macmillarbs Magazine, one of the best of the English monthlies, is a very ably written article on Ossian, by Principal '. Shairp of St. Andrews. We may give the article in full at an early date, but, in the meantime, we give the conclu- sions to which he has come to, in his own words :— " The longer I have studied tlie question, the more I have been con- vinced that McPherson was a transla^ tor, and not an author ; that he Ibund and did not create his materials ; that all the moi'e important part of his " Ossian" is ancient, and had long ex- isted in the Highlands, and that at the time he undertook his collection, the Highlands were a quarry out of which 44 SUPPLEMENT TO THE GAEL. many more Ossianic blocks and frag- ments might have been dug." BURTON'S HISTORY OF SCOT- LAND. In answer to some of our readers who are enquiring as to which i.s the best History of Scotkmd, we give the following extract from the Edinburgh Review, of July last, regarding Burtons Histvry of Scotland, which is just com- pleted. Burton's History is the latest, and, if we take the Edinburgh Re- view's opinion, (who is undoubtedly a good authority in such matter's) it is the best. The following is what the Review says on the subject : — " With all its faults and shortcom- ings, which we have not been slow to indicate, Mr. Burton's work is now, and will probably continue to be the best History of Scotland. So far as matters ecclesiastical are concerned, it has and need fear no rival. So far as regards the War of Independence, it holds the same position of superiority. If on minor points he has been less successful ; if his narrative sometimes fails to attract, or his argument to con- vince ; if we can mark omissions which mar the completeness of the work, we may yet be justly grateful to the his- torian who has, for the first time, placed before us in the light of truth, those asi)ects of Scottish history which are most worthy of study and best cal- culated to reward it." -THE GAELIC SOCIETY OF it\' LONDON. We see, from the accounts of recent meetings of this Society, tliat they are endeavoring to have the new education act of Scotland so modified, that no person shall be ajipointed a schol-teach(!r in a Gaelic district unless he understood Gaelic. The Society is making great exertions to have a Professor of Gaelic appointed in one of tlie Scottish Uni- versities, For this and other similar labors, this Society is entitled to the acknowledgement of every true Gael. They have succeeded to the position left vacant by the Highland and Agri- cultural Society having wholly turned away from everything pertaining to learning and literature, and confined their attention to such matters as rais- ing turnips and fattening wethers and bullocks. In fact the word "Highland," still retained with tlie title of this old Society, has now become a misnomer, as thei'e is now nothing peculiarly "High- land" about it. It is, fortunately, wtl- der these cii'cumstances that this new Society has stepped in to occupy the vacant ground, and to advocate and uphold, in the capital of the British Empire, the claims of those who live a great distance from it. May their suc- cess equal their deserts. The present issue of " The Gael" is two pages larger than the last, and it is our intention to enlarge it still further after January. No. 1 OF THE GAEL. We caimot dispose of any more copies of No. 1, of The Gael, except to regular yearly Subscribers, as all we have on hand are required to fill up sets. Sub- scribers who have not already received it can be supplied on application, and also a limited number of new subscrib- ers. Parties who may have copies of that number which they can part with, would greatly oblige by sending them to us ; we are particularly anxious to get copies of the " English Supple- ment," which accompanied No. 1, as we are entirely out of it. TO OUR SUBSCJilBEBS. OFFICE OF "THF & A. E JL ." Toronto, September 20i7i. In explantion of the delay in issuing the second number of The Gael, we would say, that it has lieeu occasioned by circumstances which are scarcely to be regretted, inasmuch as they are likely to be instrumental in promoting largely the very object of the establishment of our periodical. Tne first number of The Gael was issued early in June, (the Supplement having been printed some time before and dated June,) but was intended for July, and dated accordingly, " Dara Mios an t-Samhraidh" " Second month of Summer," according to the American division of the seasons, which makes March the first mouth of Spring, June the first month of Summer, àc. We soon discovered, however, that a majority of our readers understood the old country division of the seasons better, and took our first number as being for June instead of July. We shall in future conform to the latter arrangement, and it will be understood therefore that, '■'■Ceud Mios an Earraich" means Feb- ruary, " Ceud Mios t-Samhraidh," May,  ii1y personally, or by letter, to the Canadian Government Emigra- tion Ageut amphlets, issued under the authority of tho «;')Vor..riiem of Ontario, contiiiaing full parlicul.ars in relation to the char- w.ti;r fi::d reaou/otu of, and the cost of living, wagos, &c., in the Province, can bo obtalutid. JOHN CAKLHSrO', L- Commi«iomr o/ Aijriciilture ami Public Works. 'K'S^ I)BrARrMr,>rr oy iMTvno^ATioN, /or the Prouince q/ Onlario. Èì>'K'M Toronto, February. 187 L ^^3sr GAIDHEAL. I. Leabh.] DAE A MIOS A GHEAMHRAIDH, 1871. [S Air. MU NA SEAKN GHAIDHEIL. O na nithibli a dh'ammieheadh faodar a thuigsinn gum be an t-aon iluagh ceudna a bha air an ciallachadJi ]«i* na Romanaicb nuair a Bgriobh iad mu na Picti agus na Caledonic : oir nuair a tha Dion ag radii Caledonaich riutba mu 'n bhliadhna 230, agui Eumenius ag radh an ainm Ficii riutha mu 'n bhliadbna 296, clian 'eil e cosmhuil no idir comasach ann an uine shea bliadb- na agus tri ficbead (66) gum biodh an aluagh sin a cbog ri Agricola aig a' Mhonadh Gharbh agus a tbug dulan do armailtibb nan Impirean Romanacb Hadrian, Antoninus Commodue, Septi- mius SeveruB agus Caracalla fad corr agus ceud bliadbna — air an gearradh as gu b-obunn no air am fuadacb as an tir le eluagb ur a tbainig a stigb nan ait ris an abradb na Romanaicb Picti mar ainn. Tha « eoilleur gum b' iad na seann Cbaledonaicb fein a bha ann, agus nacb robh ni ur earn bith 'nam measg no mu 'n timchioll acb an t-alnm nuadh ud a thugadb orra o'n aobhar a cbaidh airis. Agus tha Eumeniui a' dearbhadh so dhuinn nuair a tha e ag radh " Culedonich agus Pictich eile" oir tha e a' ciallachadh gun robh na Caledonaich nam Pictich maille ris gach dream eile a bha air am filleadh astigh fo'n ainm ein. Th* e cosmhuil gum b'e an t-ainm leis an robh iad air an comharradh a mach leis na seanchaidh- ibh Eirionnach " Cruithnich," oir tha iad ag radh gun robh a' chuid ba mho dhe Albainn air a h-aiteachadh Jeis na " Cruithnich" agus air a riaghladh leo. Agus tha na WeUhich ag radh "Givyd- dyl Ffichti' riutha, «e sin Gaidhil Phic- teach, no GaidlUlDhaithte, a 'ciallachadh gun robh iadsan a 'tuigsinn gam bu Ghaidhil na Pictich, ague a reir coelaii thug iad an earrann mu dheir»ftdh de 'n ainm o 'n Laidinn a chum an dealach- adh o na Gaidhil eile nach robh air an dath. Mu thimchioll na bliadhna SGO tha ainm nuadh air a thoirt air cuid do n* fineachaibh Gaclach ann an Ceana Tuath Bhreatuinn. B'e an t-ainm sin " Scoti," agus is « an t-Eachdraiche R«manach, Ammianus MarcelUntit, a* cheud ughdar leis am bheil an oluagh ud air an ainmeachadh mar no. B' i Eirinn tir an duchais, agus tbainig iad a nail à sin do thaobh an iar na h-Alba ann an Earraghael, a chuideachadh le 'm braithribh, na Gaidhil Albannach anns a' chogadh ris na Romanaich mu 'n bhliadhna 363, ri linn nan Impiretoi lulian agus lomuii,. Agus a reir cos- lais dh' fhuirich cuid diubh ann an Erraghael far an d' fhuair iad tuin- eachas am measg nan Gael, an uair a phill a' chuid eile dhiubh dhachaidh do Eirinn an deigh a' chogaidh ; oir th» Gildas, seann eachdraiche Breatunnach. a sgriobh mu'n bhliadhna 550, ag radh gun " do phill na Cnachadairean lor duma Eirionnach dhachaidh." AguB tha Isidore a sgriobh mu'n bhliadhna 600 a' dearbhadh gum b'e Eirinn fear- ann duchais nan " Scoti" oir tha e ag radh " Scotia, eadem et Hibernia," &c. Se ein an Gailig, " Scotia an aon tir cheudna ri Hibernia, agus fhuair i an t-ainm so do bhrigh gu bheil i air a h-aiteachadh le fineachaibh nan 'Scoti,'" chan 'eil e soilleur cia bhuaithe thainig an t-ainm so ; tha cuid ag radh gur 48 AN GAIDHEAL. li-ann on fliaoal " Scuite'' a thainig e, a tlia ciallachsilh 8»' Ghailig Eirionu- aicli, " N» B'alblianaich no siuMilau- aicli, no na Fii* th bhaachan. No faodaidh gun d' thainig « o'n fhacjvl "sjlot" a tha oiallachadh sgap, agua gun abairteadh '' i>giof.!iirh'' riutha a chionii gun robh iad air :ui sgiotadh no air an sgapadh thall '» a bhos. Ach ciaraar aam bitb a t'huair iad an t-ainni so tba 9 soilleur gum bu Ghaidbil iad agus gvim b'i Eirinn tir an duchais ; agus iiach robh dealachadb sam bith eadar iad i'ein agus '• tm Ficti," ach 'an dealachadb oeudna a tba an diugb ri fhaicinn eadar na Gaidhil Elrionuach agu9 na Gaidbil Albaiunach. Agus tba Adhanibnan asgriobh lieath-eaclidraidh Chalum-chill© a' nocbdadh so gu soil- leur nuair a ta e ag radh gun d' thainig Calum-Cille à Scotia do Bhreatunn, se ■in a Eirinn gu taobh tuath na h- Alba. Tha an t-Eacbdraiche Bedf. mar an ceudna a' daingneachadh an ni so ; oir tba e ag radh "Si Eirinn gu h-araidh Duthaich nan Scoti," fjeabh. I. Caib. 1. Mu 'n bhliadhna 506, thainig tri Buidbnichean de na " Scoti" a nail a Eirinn fo thri cheannardaibh agus jhabh iad conihnuidh ann an Earragh- ael. IViad na Ciun-fheadhna ud Fear- ghu9, Aonghus agus Lathurna. Ghabh Fearghus sealbh air Cinntire, ghlac Aonghus Eilean He, agus rinn l/athur- na "reim air an fhearann sin a dh' ainmicheadh Lathurna as a dheigh fein. Chaidh Fearghus a chrunadh na Righ air na " Scott' agua is auu uaithe-san a thainig a nuas teaghlach rioghail na h-Alba anna na linnibh an deigh sin. (Ei leantuinn.) D. 15. B. Chii'ii uriainn mi ulag ithe 'n an teiiu- 'Snt'idi'adh. C( mhf hurtachd an duine dhona, duin' tile •o doiift lis fell). OISEIN : A  li mi cli-asachd niu d' ghlacaibli, "S 111,1 '."lirialu' a plosgairt mar b' abliaisl. Ked'.dnvaganglas." AN DUN. " Fhir mo ghraidh gabli mo b-ithsgcul, Na gabh sprcisg 'chuireas nairo orm, Ged a blia mi ri gyadas, Mud ad, mud aodaun 'b mud i'hiasaig ; Naeh ioiuad uair aim am chabhaig, Thug mi sgaill  chiobair, 'S anns an tir ud fhuair fasgadh '0 cholg 's bho spraisg an luclid else, Bha stri ri u creach. Oakville, May 30, 1S70. J. McC. ORAN DO CHOMUNN GAIDHEALACR GHLEANNGARRAIDH, CANADA. tLE DOMHNULL GRANND. Gu baile uior na sglreachd so, Gu 'n d' ghiarr iad gu mo dhinnear mi, 'S ann sin bha 'u coniunn siobhalta. Bha grinn 's a h-uile doigh. j ilo bheannachd do u' phairtidh ud, i Chaidh cruinn aig Alexandria, Thoirt onair do na Gaidheil, I 'S do Naoiiih Aindra mar bu choir. . j Bha tineachaii na dutlicha ac' ann, Domhnullaich 'a Dughallaich, Granndaich agus Stiubhartaich, 'S clann lonmhuinn mhor an t-Srath. Bha Mac-a-Phearsain Chlùnai'lh ann, Bha Cainibealaieh 's clann Uraig ann, Bha Giiogaraich 'o Iluadh-Shruth ann, 'S daoiue iiaisle 'o chlaiai Mhic-Rath. Bha Sioaalaioh Srath-ghlais aca, Bha Mac-Lcoid 's Mac-Artair ann, Mac-Ille-Mhaoil 's 'n Catanach, 'S na h-Alpanaich bho t-shean. Bha Frioslaach na b-Airde aca, 'S Mac-Coinnich rnor Chinntaile ac' ann ; Shuidh Clann-a-Linnean lamh* ria, 'S Mac-IUe-Brà' 's iad sin. Bha Cainroinich *o Looaidh ann, Clann-lUe-Iosa a MiVair aun, Mac-Aoidh 's Mac-an-toisich ann, 'S Mac-Neacail rnor s' a mh c. Bha Mac-ant-Saoir's Mac-Ludilainn anu, Mac-Ruairi 's Mac-Bheathain ann, Fearghusonaich pail teas ann. 'S Mac-Labhrainn, 's Mai^-an-Ab. 'S gann a tha do thlin again, Na fineachan uile innse' dhuibh, Ach bruidhnidh siun mu 'ii dinncar, 'S mu 'u a h-uile ni a bh' ac'. Na 'm faiceadli sibhs' am bord a lih' ann, Bha turkics air 'n rostadh ann, Bha muilt-fheoil agus geoidh ac', 'S gu leoir a dh* fheoil a mhart. Bha cearcan air 'n ctìcaireachd, Bha haggiei ann bha .sònruichte, r)4 AN GAIDHEAL. 'S bha miosan be.iga boiilheaeli a nn, De sheorsachan nic nar. Bha cofi; agns tea ac', 'A Viha siiicar geal na nihill inntf, 'S bha mnathan oga 's niona^nn, na shlneaJh gu gach fear. Se Mac-a-Pbie, a Callasaie.. A rinii au dinnear ainiueil ud, 'S ged chosg i moraii airgid dha, Gu d'iarbha' bha i math. 'S an fheadhaiuH riiin a chocaircaohd, Gu 'ill fada bcò bliios iad, 6u'm foghiiadh i do 'n Ghòbhairnair, Do righ Deors' no da jnhac. 'Nis brui !ara-deug sa' mliios-os-coann dcich-puinnd-fbichead shasuanaoli aa' bbliadhna. Bu ch6ir dhoibhsan tha 'cur romlipa fallih, CO beag nitlie 's a 's urraiim iad a thoirt leo, oir tha cosdas mòr 'na ghiulan o àite gn àite. Tha iads^au tha dol thairis do na dùth- channa sa an cunnart a blii air am meal- ladh le dauine cealgach sanndach a choinnicheas iad an dèigh dlioibh 'ruigh- eachd ; mholamaid dliuibh a bhi 'nan earalas, agus a chuiinhneachadh gu bheil luclid-combairleacbadh aig an uach- dranacbd amis gach ait air an suidh- eachadh agu"; air am pàigheadh chum coigrich a stiuradh do gnch àite 's frea- garafche dhoibh. Faodaidh iad Ian earsba cliàramh annta so, agus 's e 'n teuraintoachd a bhi air an comhair- leachadh ieo, cia dhiubli 's e cosnadh tha dhith orra no leararin a cheannach dhoibh fein. ladsan ait^ nach 'eil airgiod r'a thoirt leo, ach a tha dol a mach mar luchd- cosnaidh, chonihairlicheaniaid iad a dh' fhalbh tràth sa' bbliadhna, a' cheud chosnadh n.ath athachras orra 'ghabhail, iad a bhi foighidneach seanmhacli. fuir- each 'nan luchd-oibre 's 'nan SL^alagan gus an tuig iad gu mathnàdur an fhuinn, nàdur na dùthcha 's an doigh a's fearr gu oinneachadh, agusguàite fliaotainn doibh fein. Mar thuirt sin a chcana, gheibh fear-oibre math liddir, ceithir dolara- deng sa' mldos, agus a bb.)rd ; agus an ceann tri bliadhna faodaidh e ait' fhaot- ainn da fi^in. Tha sinn 'ga fmisea>ri mar fhfrinn gu gu bheil daoine san duthaich sin aig nach robh aona pheiglihinn an latha chaidh iad air tir gun sgoil gun iounsuchadh ; ach atuma, riagbailteach, soasnihach, saothaireach, agus ann an ceann tri bliadhna, aig an robh leth-dusan mart, mucan, eunlaith agus na h-uile goireas a b' urrainn doibli i.uTaidh. Ma thograa duin, air bith an aium iheòraich, bheir sinn doibh an ainin 's an filoinneadh agus an t-uit as aii d' fhalbh iad. (ill bhi air a lei.ntu'rt,r. AN GAIDHEAL. 57 MES. CAIPTEIN THOMAS. Cha 'n eil tcagaaih nach faoighnicL iomuuli neach d' ar luclKl-kughaidli : " Co i Mrs. Tliomas, no ciod a cbuir a li-aiutn an eo seach ioraadh bean nasal eile 's an dutliaicli ?" 'Sann air son sin a fhreagairt a thoisicli sinne air so a sgriobliadh, agus tha sinn rù dlinilicb nach 'eil sinn ach gle chearbac'i air a shon, a thaobli 's nach eil min eolas againn air a bhoirinneach nasal chean- alla so. Cha 'u aithne dhuinn a bheag mu deimhinn, acli gu 'm blieil sinn a cluintinn gur bean Caiptein niara i, agus gu 'm bJjeil i a tuinneadli an Dun- eidemn. Ach chunnaic ague chuala sinn mil gnioruhara tiachail ague cao- iniluieil bho cheann ghoirid, a thaobh cuidcacliadh agus leasachadli le Gaidheil bliochd, ni a bhiteas na chuimimea.chan niaireann dhi ann an cridlie gach Gaidheil aig am blieil spèis 's am bith de dliÙLhaicli aithrichean, agus math a IviclKÌ-aiteachaidh. Tha i nise biio cheann aireamh bhliadhnachan, air a chuid mhor d' a tim a chaitheamh a ceanamh na'a urrainn i air son cor dhaoin« bochd a Icasaehadh air feadh na Gaidhealtachd, gu h-araidh 's na h-eileauan an lar. Chosd i moran de cuid airgid fhein, agus thionuil moran airgid bho dhaoine coir eileair son comh- , nadh ri Gaidheil bhochd a chur do Chanada agus aiteachan eile 's am biodh an cor na b' fhearr na bha e 'n duthaich am breith ; agus tha i fhathasd a lean- tuinn air an obair cheudna. Cha 'n eil cairdean de 'n t-seorsa so ach ain- neamh aig na Gaidheil 's an latha 'n diugh. Uime sin 's ann le 'r 'n uile ohridhe a tha sinn a guidhe " buaidh 'us piseacli le Mrs. Caiptein Thomas, fior bhan'-charaid nan Gaidheal." Inn- sidh sinn barrachd mu deimhinn an uine ghoirid. Clia robh coille riamli gun clirionach. Cha'n 'eil eadar an t aniadan 's an clnine •glic, ach gii'n ceil an duine glic a rim agus gu'n iuuis an t-aniadan o. COMHAIRLE DO NA GAtDHEIL A THA F'UIREACH AN ALBAINN. A chlanna' nan Gaidheal nach tig sibli a nail, 'S na bilhibh iia'r traillean aig garlichean Ghall, Tha Canada fuisuinn a's beaj-tach uu Ipoir, 'S ma ni sibh ann obair gu'n togai- leibh Ion. Tocaidh sinn crnin'eaehd ma' ri eorn' agus core, Peisir '» buntata agus neupan gu pailt ; Na raeasan is Yioi'CA.e tha na's 'eoir an do ghna 'S cha chnram dodhuine machnniaseiihlaint. Tha cuid ann's n ait 's thabeartach.'s ciiid bochd Maralihith'sgn Imlth annsgaihaitcgubeacha ; Ach esan ni diehioll gn firinncach,  -~teidhiiditf ann, air^ou cumail suas luth- idduasan neo-lochdach nan Gaidheal. Bha mar 'n ceudna paipeir Gailig againn 'n Tas nuuiia 's a Iddiadhna, 1857 ; ach bhàsaich e air a bldiadhna sin fhein. Blia inoraii conn- .sachaidh eadar na Gaidhcdl agu;; na Goill ann a Hamilton 's an duthaich so bho cheann ghoiiid ; agus 'se 'u t-aobhar a bh' aca :— Mu'n cuairt air 1857, thogadh eaglais eatorra, air chumhnant gu 'm feumadh am ministeir ac* a bhith coiuasach air searmonachadh 's an da cliainnt. Fo 'n chumhnant so, chaidh an t-urramach Aonghas Domhnullach, a shui- dheachadh mar mhinisteir thairis air a choi- thional. Fhuair iad air 'n adhairt gu rèith car nine ; bha searmoin Ghailig aca 's a mhaduinn agus searmoin Bheurla 'n deigh nicadhon latha, gach Sabaid. Dh'eug Mr. Domhnullach bho cheann ghoirid ; ach greis- roindi am a bhais, cha robh searmoin Ghailig aca, ach aon uair 's a mhios ; agus am fear a thainig na aite clia iearmonaicheadh e dig idir 's a Gliailig. Chuir na Gaidheil an aghaidh so, a reir a chumhnant a bha eatorra, agus scar iad iad fein bho na Goill biiileach. Tha na Gaidheil a nis air caglaia hr a thogail dhaibh fhein'a tha na onoir dhaibh, agus tha iad an drasd a feitheainh ri ministeir a Al-- bainn ; agus ma dheibli iad fear a bhithas nicasail air a Ihuchd ducha agus 'n canain, agus na sheirbhiseach dlleas an aobhar an 'I igliearna, clia 'n 'eil teagamh nacli soirbhich leis. Creid gu 'r mise le mor mheas, 'Ur seirbhiseach dilea, Victoria, Australia. D. B. Thachair do mhiniuteir stblcla, ague oifigeach òg coinnenchadh, agiia a bhi 'aoanclias ; agU3 mu dheireadh, thanig an seanchas gu car beag ooimsuchaidh. Bha'n t-oifigeach agat le feirg; agus mar thàiiiailt do'n mhinisteir, thuirt e ris — " Nam biodh do nilii-fhorton orm gu'm biodh ùmpaidh mic again nach b'lirrainn ni eile dheanamh, gu cinnteacli dhsanain ministeir dhe." " Cha robh t'athair-sa. sa" bharail riut," araa 'n ministeir, gu socrach. AN GAIDHEAL. 5» GEAEAIN. Chuala sinn bho clieann ghoirid gu 'n d' thainig gearain a nail a' Albainn, a tliaobh aireamh de Ghaidheil bhoclid a thainig a nail bho cheann ochd bliadhna, bho aon de na h-eileanan an lar, le airgiod iosaid, bho dhaoine nasal timchioll   eil teagamh againn nach luthaigeadh iad 'mar 'n cendiia farradh ilhaoine a pliaidh'adh, ach eiia 'ii eil e, rèidh dhoibh sin a dheauainh aig an am so. -♦-o^. NITHK NLTADIi AOUS SEAN. tViMiiAna.T.AN AiTHOiii'ARn. — Eisd I'ium car tiora bej,g, — cha'n eil sch fior bhdagan- MSain ri riidh riut — Ubhraidh mi c ann am facal no dlifk ; ach '% l^n-airidh iad air suim agiis motliuchadh. Tha tri nithe anabharraeh feumnil do mhac an duiiie san t-saoghal — 's iad so, BiADH, AODACH, agus CADAL. Nam bu inhian leat do 1ÒU ithe In taitntachas, ;igus bias math a lihi air, saoitlirii'h chum a chosnadk ; nam bu mliiaun leat tlarhd h bhiagad ann an aodaeh, piiigh « muu euir thu iimad e ; agus nam bu nihiaini lent cadal math fhaotainn, thoirdeagh choguis leat do d' leaba'dh. Dean na nithe sr>. agus biilh tu a'd' dhuine rothromach, snbhach, a thaobh an t-saoghail so, agus a thaobh an t-saoghail eilc. Ma's niiaim leat a iliealbbàchadh ann an glòir, lean Esan a thubhairt, " Is mi.so an t-slighe." Eaib 'na iobairt-ieite, gluais 'na clieumaiinaib, gr^dh- i heau ris aon h\ aruidh agiis e ris a ghiiotburb so. " B'- fliearr leant fein gu'n tugadb tbu tbaiiis a blii ris a cliainiit mbosaicb sin." Cha robh sud a cordadb ri ciidhc a (-biiidbeil, agus 'i ann a thuirt a ris fein : " P.beir niise ort a bhean Ghallda, gu 'n aidicb tbusa air doigb eile tbaobh irio cbaiimt uasail-sa." Agiis mar sin, an di'igh dba a freagairt, ag' radii naih robli luosaiidi 's am bitb co-cbean- gbailte ris a cbainnt aige-san. Dli' fheoraich e dlii "An ciiala tbu liamh dad de 'n a cbainnt Eabhrach, agus ciod e 'm beacbd, a tb'agad oirrsa ?" " Thoir dlioinb (ais isi') earann dhi, agus innsidli mi dbnit cia mar 'a eao:nh learn i ?" Cbunncaa a nis gu 'a robh igu tuiteam annsan rib a sbnidhicbeaiih air a son ; agus tbug e dbi le guth cbo glan, 's cbo suidbicbtt^ 'sa b'urainn da na briatbran a leanas : " Bba mi 'n de 'm Beinn Dorainn, 'S na coir cha robb mi aiueolacb ; Chunnaic mi na gleanntan, 'S na bcanntan a b' aithne dhomh." "Sin agad a nis (ars ise) cainnt ris an airidh cainnt a radh ! " C. D. A Deanamh a tri as na dha. — Tba e air titbris air dnine araidb aig nacb robb sgoil, 's am bitb e fbein, gu 'n d' cbuir e mhae do 'r. Chollaisd gu ard fhogliluin a tlioirt da ; agus air do 'n ghille tigbinn dbachaidb aig an araidb, dh' fbaoidlinit^h atbair dbeith ngus iada suidbe gu 'in biadb : " Cia mar a blia e faigbinn air adbairt sa Cbollaisil, no 'in 1)' urrmim e dearbhadh 's am bitb a thoirt seacb- ad air a''d sgolaireacbd, a tbuigcadh daoiiie gu 'n fliogbluni coltaeb lia fheiu agus ri mlia- tbair?'(agus ambavus air 'n t-seanii duine nai'h robb 'ngille a toirt uiread aire do 'n .sgoil 'a bu clioit ba). Ars an gille 'sesealtuinii mu'n cnairt da, 's a faiciiin tla thuniiaig rosta air a bhord : " Nan dearbbainii dbuibb gu 'm Idieil tri eoin 'n sin an aite na dha a tlia sibhs' a faicinn, naeh biodh .silib riaraichte ?" " Bhi- thadh gx 'n teagamh" ars athair. Cbuir an gille an' s,n a)n do na h-eoiii an (bua taobh ; •• .sin agad ion," ars esan. " Ceart" ars athair. Cbuir e 'u sa) na dba maille ri clieile rithisd ; " Tha dba 'nsin," (ara esan) agus nach e aon agus a dba a tri: "Se gu'n teagamh ars athair, 's mati. a fbuaras tliu. Goirid an deigh sin thoisici.a mhathair air na h-eoin a rOinn. Chaisg at.air i agradh : " Cha leig thu.sa leas a bbean dioir na b-enin a roinn, agus gu'n againn a^di+iiur ; rinn sgolaireacbd do mliic na h-niread ^n a dh' I'lieum dliuit mar tha ; bheir mise Iwrn am fear so (agus a toirt leis 'n dara fear), agl^ hiotli 'm fear beag sin agad fbein, agus fagan.id an tritbeanih fear aigesan slàii air son a sgUaireachd. Cha dh' fheuch an gille 'n doigb cunntaidh so a a riamh na dheigh timcbioil air a bhord. DEAS FHKF.AGAIRTAN. Tha e air aithris gu 'n robb dithis bhrnith- ran, agus an dara fear da 'm b' ainm Tain no Eoin fo'n ruaig air son ni eigin a rinn e as an rathad. Cha robb neach a latbair a dh' aith- niciieadh e ach a brathair fbein ; agus bba 'm brathair sin air a mhionnacbadli gu 'n a iiinscadh e air, no gu'n comharraicbeadh e mach a bhrathair do 'n luchd toraidid nan tigeadh e 's an rathad. Air dha 'bhrathair fhaicinn a tarsuinn air falbh ann an eatbar, sheinn e an rann a leanas ; oir bba e air son_a mbionnan a choinihlionadb gu 'n a bhrathair a bhrath : Agus air dhoibhsou smuaineachadh gu 'u rubh e faici m fhaoileagaii no eoiii eile de 'n t-seorsa, cha d' chuir iad umhal '.s am bitb : " Chi mi e '» cha cheil mi e, "S air mhile bonn cha blirath me e, Chi mi Eoin a snamh air sruth, Sud agaibh e, 's beiribh air. " Bha duine a bba rò tlieoma air guidheach- dan a falbh an rotbaid ann 'n carbud. Chnir cbich a bha 's an rathad, maille air a charbad aige. Ghlaoth e ri scann duine a bha goirid uaitbe ; " e thogail na cloiche, 's a tilg fa coigrich. V Blia iad a rreidHÌnn, blio slioan, gu.u faiceadb toin, txilee--^ i»*ddi iiiarbh. 8 Tlia 'm fonn ag' atharrauhadh an go. AN GAIDHEAL. 65 Bha fu;iim a bhlàir bho thaobh gu taobh, 'S an còrai*: beuchdach, creuchdach, teth, Mar iomacl ord a bualadh. baoth, ^ Bho 'n teallach dhubh-dliearg caoir ma n seaati Co iad sud air I^euua nan sliabh ? Co 's duirche, 's is fiadhaiche gruaim ? Co is cosmhuil ri iiial bn chiàr, . ,, ^ Lann gach triath mar theine air stuaidh ? Ta bruaillean air aghaidh nan torn, A's chrith carraiz nan tonn air tràigh ! Co a t' aim ach Suaran nan long, A's triath Eirinn mn 'm fonnar dain ? Ta suil' nan slò.z:h ag; amharc claon Air suinn nach b' fhaoni ag anmadh suas Ach thnit an oich' air cath r.an laoch, A's cheil i stri nun saoi gun bhuaidh. AUl BUAIDH AN T-S()ISaEIL. Air Fonn — ''Mios Deirimicarh an Flwiihai?:'' Nuair a sheallas mi mn 'n cnairt domh, Gu 'r mòr namhas cor an t-saoghail, Nan cadal fo chniiig -Ax Satan, 'S iad a bàsachadh na miltean, A sahairt air fnil na rèitP, 'S air Mac Dhe gii'n d' rinn iad dimeas, 'Ni chuir ioghantas air aingloan, A chrochadh ri crann mar iobairt. Gur mòr a chulaidh smaointoan, Bhi laicinn dhaoino doanamh tair Air iobairt PiiioxxsA N.\ Sithe', Chaidh a dhiteadh n'ar 'aite, An teaffasg phri^eil thug e leiii dhuinn Nuair bha Nicod^mus lamh ris, G-un robh 'n ath-bhreith o'n ^piorad Naomha Mar tha ghaoth 'n obair nàduir. So creideamh 'n aghaidh dochais Thng urram 's gloir do dh'Abram ; Cha d' chuir e teagamh san sgeul'. Gum biodh a shliochd marreiiltanair aireamh; Thug e aoidheachd do na h-aiiiglean, Mharbh e'm meann a dè'anamh càisg dhoibh, 'S leum a chridhe le aoibhneas Nuair chual e gu'm biodh oighr' aig Sarah. Seumas, Eoin agusPeadar, Bha na 'n seasamh air beinn Thaboir, Chunnaic iad an sealladh mor ud, losa comhradh ris na Fairlhean, ])hlutha,ich orra sgaik^ gloirmhor, Thainig bho na neoil le dearsadh, 66 AN GAIDHEAL. Chuar iad auth o' na speuraii, Gu eisdeachd ri ]\Iac a   TORONTO. OANADA, AIID GLASGOW. SCOTLAND- THE GAELIC LANGUAGE. BY P1COF36SOE. JOHN STUART BLACKIE. The following lecture on the Gaelic Language was delivered by Professor Blackie, of Edinburgh, in the New Hall, Oban, on the 22nd of September last, under the auspices of the Oban Scientific and Literary A.ssociation. The subject was treated in an able and intereeting manner, as mignt be expected from the well known attainments of the lecturer After being introduced, the learned Pro- fessor spcjke as follows : — " It is now about forty years sine* Dr. Prichard, by a work well knt)wn to phi- lologers, caused the Celtic languages of Greit Britain, Ireland, and France to be generally acknowledged as legitimate branches of the great Aryan family. That family comprises five great branches, spread geographically over the globe from the Ganges to St, Kilda, and from the Cape Matapan to Iceland — viz. (1) the Oriental branch, containing Sanscrit, one of the oldest and most perfect forms of the family, and Persic : (2) the Greco- Roman branch, containing the two famous classical languages, one still alive in a green old age, and the other surviving under the modified forms of Italian, French, and the other Romanesque lan- guages ; (3) the Teutonic branch, con- taining a great variety of dialects, from the extinct Maeso-Gothic to the existing Norse, German, and-Dutch ; (4) the Sla- vonic branch, of which Russian, Bohe- mian, and Polish are the principal varie- ties; and (5) the Celtic branch, comprising Gaelic, Irish, Welsh, and Manx, all spoken languages of the United Kingdom, and the Armorican dialect spoken by the peasants in Britanny, the original fathers of the great Cymric race that at| an early date peopled the whole of England till it was driven within the mountain barrier of Wales by the invasion of the Romans, and the occupation of the East and South East districts of Britain by hordes of Teutonic settlers from Saxony, Denmark and Norway. All these languages now stand to one another in the recognized relation of brothers and sisters ; except only in so far as secondary languages, like French and Italian, may rather ba said to stand in the filial relation to the paternal Latin from which they sprang. But as to the five great stocks, though we may say, on scientific grouitds, that one of them is more ancient than the other, in so far as it possesses certain ancient forms, which in the other branches have suffered corrupti(jn, I scarcely think there is any fair ground for »»serting that one of these groat branchei, as a whole, is (dder or younger than another. If it be true, for instance, in one very obvioun sense that French is younger than Latin, because it it a recent modification and corruption of Latin, it is equally true in the same sense that Gaelic is younger than Latin ; for the Gaelic athair is just as manifest a corruption of pater as the French pere. But though not a few roots and infectional forms in Gaelic are mani- fest corruptions from the Latin, this merely proves that certain classes of words have undergone a greater amount of attrition in the Celtic than in the Roman branch of the original stock ; but no man, on such grounds, is entitled to lay down the wholesale proposition that the language of the modern Highlanders is a modern language, standing in the sam.e relation to Latin that French does. As a whole, Gaelic is no doubt as ancient as either Greek or Latin ; for history dis- tinctly testifies that the Celts were one of the earliest drifts of population that came from the table lands of Asia to the 68 SUPPLEMENT TO THE GAEL. West ; and when they came of course they brouglit their language witli them ; but beyond this 1 am not prepared to go. For thongli it may not be dithcult to point out in tlie existing Celtic dialects •ome radical vrords from which only de- rivations exist in Greek and Latin, it may on the other hand be equally easy to put one'g finger, in Latin nr Greek, on certain roots from which the present Gaelic exliibits oiily a few feeble and fragmentary remains. Dismissing there- fore all unanawerable questions to the comparative antiquity of the different members of the great Aryan family, we will proceed to analyse the Gaelic lan- guage as it actually e.cists, and see of what materials it is made up. Now in this in- quiry we are immediately met with a phenomen r to itself under a peculiar aspect. Of this formative part of lan- guage the flexional terminations, by which the cases of nouns are designated, as also the tenses and moods of verbs, are the most familiar exam])les ; and here we find in Gaelic a strange mixture of Latin, Greek, and Teutonic elements. For wiich the r of the Gaelic passive voice is most peculiarly and characteristically Latin, the s of the future indicative, and the inn of the conditional is as manifestly Greek. Among the adjectival termina- tions, ail or eil, as in Icdhail is one of the n^ost common in Latin ; while the famil- iar ach is doubtless indentical with the ic in rhetoric, public, which is both Greet and Latin. Tn the declension of the sub- stantives again we find i-emarkable analo- gies with the German ; viz., the use of 11, in the plural, and the modification of the root vowel, which in German is con- fined to the plural number as in brudtr br-neder, but in Gaelic denotes also the oblique cases of the singular as cu coin, hrog broige, alt, uilt and a host of others. Into the particuiar laws w ich regulate the i)assage of a word from Latin in Gae- lic, or from Gaelic in Latin if that phraise be prefered , I Cannot here enter. It is subject Trhich presents some phenomena extremely interesting to the professional philologer, but for a popular view of the general character of the Gaelic tongue other aspects claim a preferance, some of which I now proceed to state. 1 will di- rect attention in the first place to some characttrif,tic exctllenciesof the Gaelic a* compared with other languages, and then to some of its most prominent defects ; and 1 will then conclude with ecme jrac- tical remarks on the unwortliy neglect in which the language has fallen, and the duty and pleasure of its cultivation. The firstofthete three excellencies of the Gaelic has already been alluded to, viz., its or- iginal andself-formativecharacter. Herein it poEsesseB a notable fiiperiorify over aill such mongreal languages as English, and falls under the same chapter of praise as Sanscrit, Greek, German, and Russian. It possesses the character and l^reEents the aspect of an organic natural growth, while English is only a mantle of motley tissue, or a pavement of varioua colored stones. Thai Gaelic-speaking per- sons have been largely in the habit of borrowing from English is only too true, but in doing so they have acted contrary to the genius of their own language, which like Greek, delights in original composi- tion. So for example, in Rom. xii. 2 the words " tronsformed" and "renewed," are rendered by the genuine Gaelic com- pounds crnth-afharrachadh, and ath-nua- dhachadh, words formed exactly fr(}m the type of  arian3. Men are, is for the most part, too busy and too indifTerent to em- ploy themselves in dragging into notice persons who skulk in corners, rnd hide their light at the end o^ a long dark cava where no man can see it." np:ws of the highlands and ISLANDS. ÌTÌsre;iortci],:i]ii:;u.'iitlyoiigood*anthorit3v that the yist iliglilaiiilfrs am io discanl the trews, and to wear boiinetsaiid kilts in futuie. Lewis— Angus McAskell, beloiigiii!,' to Slnider, Lewi.'*, was ì.iteìy drowned in Storno way, while returning from attending a funeral" Thk GiiEKNocK FiiEK Gaelic Chukoh.— The Rev. Colin Sinclair, of Invergordon, has received a call from the Fne Gì; tioii of Greenock. ■ aeiie congrega- I.SLANT) OF nPAllXAKAY.— This lieautiful little island famed for the bloody massacre of the Blacieods by one of the Ciau Liiu of Ard- i.aniurchan, and his fifteen sons, some three hundred years ago, has been .sold, it is said to feirJohnOrd, Bart., of Kihnory. The Flora Macuonai-d Memorial. — The memorial to Flora Macdonald, designed by Mr. Koss.Archetect, Inverness, is now fiiushed, and was shipied October 18tli, to its destina- tion in tlie Chm-ch-yard of the Parish of Kil- nniir, Skye. The monument is said to bo somewhat in the form of an lona Cros.s, and is admired Ijy all who have seen it for its sim- ple tlignity and fine proportions. The Gaelic Society of Inverness.— This Society, quite recently formed, appears to be going to work in earne.st. The inaugural ad- dress was delivered by the Rev. Mr. Macken- zie, of t'ilmoracl;, on Tlmrsday, the 18tli Oct. (Jluny Macpherson has signilied his intention of becoming a lile member of the Society— an example which we ho|.e will be. followed by many otlier Highland Chiefs and gentlemen.. Estate of Harius.— It is stated that the Earl of Diinmore has jiarted with North Har- ris, which comprises the fine deer forests of Fincastle and Ardvourlie, several good fishing lakes, and riveis, and the little village of Tar- ber. A corresi)ondent says that the. purchas- er is a London gentleman, Mr. Scott, Banker, Neptiew of Sir Claude Edward Scott, county of Dorset. The purchase j)rice is differentlT stated at £130,000 or £155,000, either being a large enough sum. Encouragement to Ragpipe-Playing.— In connection with the recent games under the auspices of the Braem^ir Royal Highland Society, the Highland Society of London, through Her Majesty's jiiper, Mr. Ross, Bal- moral Castle, has handed a don tion of £10 sterling, to be applied in such a manner as the management comndttee deems proper for the improvement of bag-pipe music. This very libeial donation, which we understand will very ])robably be continued annually, will be awarded in prizes to successful youthful 74 vSUPPLEMENT TO THE GAEL. aspirants in the art, at the Braeniar Games each year. It may be added, however, that the winners of cliani)iiou gohl medals and competitQ*s ahove tliirty years of age will he excluded from participating in the competi- tion, as the olijcct is for the encouragment of young musicians. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. Owing to the large space taken up hy Prof. Blackie's able lecture on the Gaelic language, we are compelled to .leave out most of the answers to our correspondents, and other mat- ter which wc had prepared for this number of The Gael. J. McK., Glencoe, Ont. — Your enquiries regarding Pipe music were answered in our last. A. M. G., Fort William, Scotland.— A few of the por^ms of ^John Jlorrison, of Harris, were published in Can;ida a few years ago, but the book is now very scarce, only a copy to be met with now and again in second- hand hook stores. H. McK., Prince Edward Island. — We are not aware that Mary McLcod — Nighean Al- asdair Riuiidh's poems were ever published in a seiiarate volume : most of them have been printed in different collections. J. L. C, Glasgow, Scorland, wishes to know if there are any newspapers in Canada that make the Gai^lic a regular feature except The Gael, and The Canada .'Scotsman, as he had heard that there were some ? We are sorry to inform him that, at present, there are not ; there are several newspapers pub- lished in Gaelic-speaking districts, that pub- lish an occasional piece. The Brace Reporter, published at Kincardine, appeared to have made that quite a regular feature at one time, but now it has dropped down like many other papers (and we might say indiviiiuals) to an appeal at election times — it ajipears to be then considered useful. But now that our re- spected confrere, Thomas Robik, Esq., late of the Scotsman, has taken charge of that paper, we hope to see the Gaelic department revived. PHILOLOGICAL ENQUIRIES. GAELIC WORDS REFERRED TO THEIR ROOTS. There are few studies more pleasant than that in which the words of any language are traced to their original roots, and the Gaelic reader will doubtless be pleased to observe the following terms of liis native tongue thus explained : BUACHAiLL, a shepherd. This word comes from bo and gille, and literally means a *'lad for cows." Meur, a finger, is from mlr, a piece, and has reference to the fingers, as division* of the hand. Baine, milk, is from ban, white, which latter Gaelic word is related to the French, bon ; Scotch, bonnie ; and Latin, benua. Gealach, moon, is from ^caì, white ; and th(! Latin luna is of similar origin. MiN, flour, is from mhi, fine. Bar, crop, is connected with a word which apfiears in Gaelic as beir, in English as bear, and in Latin as /*ro. Its literal lui'aiiing is, therefore, that which the earth bears. Aotuoman, a bladder, is from aotrorn, light. Bakajk, c wedding is made up of ktan, a wife, and feisd, a feast. Seangan, ant, is derived from seang, slender, and is so called from its .slender waist. Gldin, a knee, seems connected with elaon, Latin, clino, to bend. 0. M. R. A«ENT« FOE TEE GAEL. CANADA. PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. Durham Finlay McRae, Esq. Sullivan H. McCorkindale, Esq. Willianistown D. F. Maclennan, Esq. Balmer's Island Allan Stewart, Esq. South Finch Finlay McNaughton. Rothsay Hugh Chisholm, Esq. PROVINCE OF QUEBEC. Lingwick D. McRae, Esq. Stornoway, Winslow D. Guun, Esq. Lake Megantic J. B. McDonald. PROVINCE OF NEW BRUNSWICK. Dalhousie, Black Sand. Donald McMillan, Esq. PROVINCE OF MANITOBA (RED RIVER). Lower Fort Garry.... Duncan McDonald, Esq. PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA. Springville, Pictou.. Duncan McDonald, Esq_ River Dinni.s, C. BA. McEachren, Esq^ PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. Charlottetown ..John McNeil, Esq. Orwell William McPhail, Esq. Wood Island John McDonald, Teacher. UNITED STATES. Lake Linden, Mich John McPhail, Esq. Chicago, III Mr. MoPherson, Druggist. Lumberton, N. C Hon. Jame.s Sinclair. SCOTLAND. Edinburgh Maclachlan & Stewart Invernes;; John Noble, Esq. Tullypowrie P. McNaughton, Esq. Ledaig John Campbell, Esq. AUSTRALIA. Macavther, Victoria Donald Beaton, Esq. NEW ZEALAND. Invercargill, Southland. ...John Waldie, Esq. I. Leabh.] DARA MIOS AN T-SAMHRAIDH, 1872. [4 Air. RUN AR TURUIS. A meadhon seann dachaidh nan Albannach tha "An Gàidheal" as iir a' cur failte le cridhe gràdhach agus taingeil air a luchd-diithcha air fad agus air leud cuairt a' chruinne gu h-iomlan. Anns na suidheacliaidhibh lira agus eugs-amhuil, anns am blieil e 'g a fhaotainn ièìn ni 's freagarraiche, is e a run gu 'm faigh e eòlas maireannach air na Gàidheil gu lèir. Tha e air 'uidheamachadli a mach fo stiiiradh, chuideachadh, agus theagasg nan sgoil- eirean Gàilig is nan uaislean tàlanntach Gàidhealach a's feàrr aig an tigh agus thairis. Is ann chum na criche so a shocruich e fa dheòidh ann an Albainn. Fo a' leithid so do riaghladh tha e ann an diiil gu 'm bi 'eideadh, a mhodh labhairt, agus na chanas e, taitneach, agus neo-oilbheumach do gach neach. Mu nacLiisibh so bithidh e lo-thoilichte èisdeachd gu smuainteachail 'sle aire ri beachdaibh muinntir 's am bith. Mar tha air fhilleadh auns na thubh- airteadh cheana'se Run Turuis "A' Ghàidheil" gach fear d' a ainm fhios- rachadh a mach, chum 's gu 'n taoghail e air gach mios le 'chuid naigheachd, le 'sgeulaibh, le eachdraidh an t-saogh- ail, le seisdibh ceòlmhor bhàrdan ar linn, maille ri iomadh focal teagaisg mhaith eile. Tha e dearbhta gu 'm faigh e cuireadh is failte chridheil aig gach dorus air son a shaothrach oidh- eirpich. Agus ann an so tha e 'g iarr- uidh a bhi ag aideachadh le aigneadh ro-thaingeil mend na comain fo'm bheil e do mhòran air son am briathran misneachaidh, agus an cuideachaidh air iomadh dòigh. so a mach tha e suidhichte air a chairdean a ruigsinn gach mios gun bhriseadh. 'S ann le siiil gu'm biodh "An Gàidheal" ni'bu choimhlionta, agus gu 'm mealladh e saoghal fada a cheadaicheadh na bris- idhean a thachair roimhe so. A nis le clannaibh nan Gaidheal ri guailnibh a chèile bithidh e air a ghiiilan air agh- aidh gu buadhach ! Tha e soilleir agus fiosrach do na Gaidheil iad fèin, ni a dh' aidicheas iad gusaor, gu'm feum a' chuid dhiubh nach tuig Beurla gu h-iomlan a bhi car math air dheireadh air a* mhuinntir ud a tha a' sealbhachadh comais air paipeiribh naigheachd a leughadh anns am faighear eachdraidh an t-saoghail le 'dheanadasaibh mora, iongantach, maille ri iomadh teagasg feumail eile. 'S e ar rim-ne gu 'm biodh an Gaidheal air a chur ann an cor co-ionnan ris a' Ghall anns a' chuis so. Bheir sinn geàrr-chunntas air gach ni cudthromach a bhios a' gabhail àite feadh nan riogh- achdan gach mios maille ri geàrr-sgeul cinnteach air a Ghàidhealtachd 'sair na h-Eileanaibh. Bithidh againn mar an ceudna geàrr-sgrìobhaidhean luach- mhor, brighmhor, agus teagasgail, air ciiisibh feumail, diomhair, le fòghlum- aichibh treuna, aithnichte, à measg nan Gaidheal 's gach àite. 'S cha dear- maid sinn a ghnath focal maith freag- arrach, agus solusach a bhi againn air eachdraidh, sgeulaibh, agus cleachd- uinnibh taitneach nan Gaidheal a bh' ann re "am o aois," — ar sinusreachd ainmeil a dh' fhalbh — a chum 's gu 'm biodh an gniomharan euchdail agus an gnathan subhailceach a' toirt aoibhneis do ar cridheachaibh agus 'gar misneach- adh-ne gu nithibh co-ionnan a chur an cleachdadh. Ni mo a ni sinn dearmad 76 AN GAIDHEAL. Dara Mlosan t-Samhraidh. air cruinneacliadh as gach ceàrn a h-uile dan, raim, is focal-geòire fiachail chum an tasgaidh air son linntean eile. Ged nach biodh na criochan feumail, cleachdail so idir air an cur romhainn, cha bliiodh e ach 'na dhleasdanas macail do ar dutliaich, do ar cànain 'sd'a h-aois, do ar n-aithricliibli treuna leis an robh i air a labhairt y6 mhiltibb bhliadhnachan, gu 'n deanadh sinu oidlieirp dbuineil air ar càinnt a clium- ail air cliuimhue air chor agus nacli biodh ar dearmad suarach-ne "air an teanga, bhrighmhor, bhlasda, bhinn" 'n a aobhar spòrsa agus tarcuis aig na Goill ni 's faide. A chum agus gu 'n dean sinn seas- amhmaireann,daingeann,agusèifeachd- ach an aghaidh nan sruthan tarsuinn so, feumaidh na Gàidheil gu leir aon- adh, seasamli taobh ri taobh, a dhion an tire, an cinnidh, an canain, agus gach urraim a bhuineas dhoibh fa leth, nithe mu 'm bheil Gàidheil anns gacli àite agus diithaich aon-sgeulach. Na nithe tearc' mu nach 'eil iad aon- sgeulach fagaidh sinn aig a' ghinealach a thig 'n ar dèigh, ach cha'n ann air duilleagaibh "A' Ghàidheil." 'J^ha an raon coitchionn air am feud sinn uile còrdadh farsuing gu leòir. 'N uair a tha sinn a' stri mar so ris a' Charbh a sheachnadh gu sàbhailte, tha sinn dòchasach gu 'n gk'idh sinn mar an ceudna o chunnart Coire-bhreacain, — gu 'n gleidh sinn ar seasamh gu daingeann air bonn f'lrinn, ceartais, agus (h'agh blieus. Anns na ciiisibh so gheibliear sinn a ghnàth do-glidill- eachduinn. Air dhuinn ar coslas, agus ar gnc mar so innseadh gu h-aitbghearr, feudaidli sinn stad aig an am so le ar run no ar diiil atli-ainmeachadh, gu 'm faigh ar Leabhran fàilte, dlieth nacli gabhar aithreachas, feadh iomadh chriochan na Gàilig feadh an t-saogh- ail; gu 'm hi e 'na chuideachd thait- nich do gach seòrsa de ar co-Gliàidheil anns gach cor; agus gu'n dean e iad comasach air a bhi ni 's fheumaile dhoibh fdin, d' an cloinn, d' an càird- ibh, d' an co-chreutairibh ; d' an riogh- achd, do 'n t-saoghal, agus d' an Dia ! MU NA SEANN GHAIDHEIL. IV. B' iad na Picti no na Caledonaich Ghàidhealach luchd-àiteachaidh taobh tuath Albainn air tiis; ach mu'n bhliadhna a.d. 506 thàinig sluagh Gaidhealach eile a nail à h-Eirinn d' am b' ainm Scott no na Scùitlch a ghabh tàmh an taobh deas Siorramachd Earraghaidheil. B' iad na h-aitean anns an d'rinn iad tuineachas Còmhall, Cinntire, Cnapadal, Earraghàidheal, Latharna agus pairt de 'n Mharbhairn, maille ri Eilean He, Arainn, I-challum- chille agus eileauaibh beaga eile mu 'u cuairt doibh sin. A.nns a' chuid eile de 'n Ghaidhealtachd bha na Picti a chòmhnuidh, oir b' iad ceud luchd- aiteachaidh Albainn. Bha an ceann- bhaile aca so fagus air Dhnchailean no Peart, agus b 'i a' chrioch eadar iad fèin agus na Scoti na beanntau àrda sin a tha eadar siorramachd Pheairt agus siorramachdEarra-ghàidh- eil ris an abrar Drnim-Albainn. Tha e coltach gu 'n robh an Da fhine Ghhidhealach so a'deanamhsuas luchd- àiteachaidh Eirinn agus Albainn o 'n fhior-tlioiseach, agus gu 'm b' iad na Pictich, ris an abair na seanachaidhean Eirionnach Crnitlinich, anceuddhream a ghabh còmhnuidh anns an da dhhth- aich. Ciod 's am bith fri-dhealachadh a bha eatorra tha e coltach nach robh annta ach da threubh de 'n aou t-sluagh, d;\ theaghlach de 'n aon chinneadli, aig an robh na h-aon ghnàthannan agus a bha 'labhairt na h-aon chanaine. Bha na Cruithnirh no na Picti an taobh tuath Eirinn anu am Mòr-roinn. Ulladh agus an ceann tuath Laighinn; am feadh 'sa bha taobh an iar agus deas na h-Eirionn, 's iad sin Conacht, Munadh, agus ceann Dara Mios an t-Samhraidh, 1872. AN GAIDHEAL. 77 deas Laighinn air an àiteachadh leis na Scoti. B'iad na Pictich no na Cruithnich na ceud Ghàidheil a ghabh tuineachas an Eirinn agus an Albainn, agus roimli thoiseacli na sèathamh lìnne a rèir coslais, cba robh Gàidbeil 's am bitli eile an Albainn ach iad fein. Ach aig an am sin thàinig trì ceann- ardan a nail à Eirinn agus leth cheud fear maille ris gacli aon diubh. Leis clio tearc 's a bba iad ann an aireamb tha e ro cboltacb gur h-ann a f buair iad cuireadh o Rigb nan Caledonacli gu tigh'nn a nail a riagliladb ann an Earra-gbaidbeal gu bbi 'n an ceannard- aibh air na Gaidbeil a bba an sin anns a' chogadh ris na Deas Bbreatannaicb, gus an cumail air an ais o bbi a bris- eadh ni b' fbaide stigb air taobh siar na Gàidhealtacbd. Oir tba e cosmhuil gur b-e bu ghnàtb-obair do na ^coti Eirionnacb a bbi a' sior cbogadb ris na Deas Bbreatannaicb. Bba na seann Gbaidbeil Albannacb a' cogadb riii mar an ceudna mar a cbitbear o 'u cbogadb a bba aig Fionn riutha, 'n uair a loisg e Baile-cbluaidb no Dhn-Breatann, ceann-bbaile nam Breatannacb a bba a cliòmbnuidli ann an Sratb-cbluaidh. Anns a cbeud dol a macb cha robh aig na ceannardaibh Eirionnacb so tiodal na b' àirde na an Toiseach no Triatb no Ceann-feadbna, acb an dèigb sin gbabb iad an tiodal Bigh dboibb fdin, agus rinneadli Feargbus 'na rigb, gidb- eadb blia e fo uacbd'ranachd Ard-righ nan Scott ann an Eirinn, agus bbuan- aich a sbliochd mar sin os ceann ceitbir ficbead bliadbna gus an do dhealaicli iad ri cuing na h-Eirionn mu 'n bbliadhna A. D. 590. Is ann mu 'n am so a tbainig Calum-cille a nail d h-Eirinn a sbearmonacbadb an t-sois- geil do na Gaidbeil Albannacb, 'n uair a bba Conull 'n a rigb air na Scoti agus ! Bride no Bruidai 'n a rigb air na Picti. \ Bba Kicbairt Bbride, rigb nam Picteach, \ 's an am sin aig Locbnis, ach tba e col- ! tacli gu 'n robh mar an ceudna Caisteal | no Aros rioghail eile aig na righribh so ann an Diin-Chaillean no laimli ri baile Pheairt. Tha sinn a' leughadh mar an ceudna mu na Pictich Dheas- ach; bba an dara feadhainn diubh so air taobh tuath nan garbh-bheanntan (Grampians) agus an fheadbainn eile air an taobh deas diubh. Bba monadh Dhruim-Uachdair agus na Beanntan mora sin a' cur dealachaidh eatorra; agus faodaidh e bhi gu 'n robli iad air uairibb dealaichte 'nan riaghladh, agus gu 'n robh righ dhoibh fdin aig na Pictich thuathach, agus righ eile aig na Pictich dheasach. Do na Pictich dheasach bhuineadh am fearann a tha a nis 'deanamh suas siorramachd Pheairt, sioxTamachd Aon- ghais, Fiofa, Struileith, agiis an tir air taobh deas na Friu ris an abrar Lothian, gu ruig a chrioch Shasunnach. Do na Pictich thuathach bhuineadh a' cliuid eile dhe 'n tir gu ruig Gallthaobh agus eileanan Arcaimh. Agus bba Srath- chluaidh agus taobh an iar-dheas Albainn 's an am sin aig na Breatann- aich. (Ri leanniuinn.) D. B. B, LITIK MU GHAIDHEIL GHLASCHU. A Ghaidheil Ghaolaich, Chuir e aoibhneas air mo chridho mar a cliuala mi an sgeul, gii 'n do rinn sibh imrich thar a' chuan mhor is gu 'n robh a' mhiann oirbh a so suas tuineachadh 's a' bliaile so. Mata, mata, agus tha "An Gùidheal" a so suas ri teachd a mach gach mios ann an Glaschu. Ceud mile fùilte dhuibh — a' h-uile latha dhuibh — Gu ma fiida a bhitheas sibh beò agus ceo as 'ur tigh. Nam biodli e mar mo mhiannsa, bliitheadh soirbheachadh gu leòir agaibh. Cha bhiodh Gàidheal eadar ceithir oisinnean na cruithne nach bitheadli air 'àireamh am measg 'ur luchd leughaidh, is cha l)hiodh 'ur sporan gun bhonn no 'ur cridhe gun ghean. Is ged nach 'eil an da shealladli agam, ged nach fiosaiche no fear seallaidh mi, tha mi cinnte gu leoir gu 'm hi soirbheachadh agaibh. Tha mise ag innseadli dliuibh gu 'm bheil do Ghàidheil anns a' bhaile so fein. na bheireadh air 'ur n-oidheirp pàidheadh. AN GAIDHEAL. Dara M'los an t-Samhraidh, 1872. nan cuireadh iad an guaillean ris a' glinoth- ach mar bu dual is bu duthchasach dhoibh u dheananih. Nach f bada o 'n chuala sinn an sean fbocal "Clanna nan Gàidheal ri giiaillibh a cheile." Fbeara 'sa ghaoil is iomadh latba a sheas iad ri guaillibh a cheile, o latha blàir Alt-a-blionnaich, mar a rinn iad an cuid frin fo cheannsal Triath nan Eilean, gu tuil uaibhreach àirm Shas- uinn a tbilleadh air a h-ais agiis crun na h-Alba a bhuidhinn do Kaibeart Brns. giis an latha "s an do dhiricb iad uchdaichean Alma, le iolach ait na buaidlie fo stiuradh an f hior Ghàidheil, Cailean Caimbeul — Is tha mi an dochas mar sheas iad gu duineil cliù an dùthcha ann am mile blur, gu'n seas iad a nis a chearta cho fearail cànain an diith- cha le an ainmean a chur sios air son "A Ghàidheil" gu h-ealamh agus le an airgiod phàidhcadh gu togarrach Ach cha 'n e mhiiin gu'm bheil mòran Ghàidheal anus a' bhaile so ach tha do Chomuinn Ghàidheal- ach de gach seòrsa ann, nan gabhadh iad "An Gàiuheal" fo an sgiathaibh càirdeii gu'm b" un-ainn iad dion a thoirt dha o gach cruadal, agus cuideachadh anns gach aire. Is ma cheadaicheas sibh dhomh, bheir mi cunntas goirid air cuid de na Comuinn sin agus ua h-aobhair air son am bheil iad air an cur air chois. Tha iad cho lionmhor is gur gann a ghabhar ann an aon litir iomradh a thoirt orra gu leir, tuigidh mata iadsan a dh"fhaodas a bhi air am fiigail a mach nach e dimeas, ach diùiiie is aobhar. 'S e is aobhar gu 'm bheil iad cho lionmhor, gu 'n d' fhas e fasanta, o cheann tamuU ùine, do gach eilean is siorramachd comunn fhaot- uinn a suas co-chcangailte ris a'cheàrn sin, a chum is gu'm bheil a nisnacruineachaidhean sin cho lionmhoi- ach gann ri eileinibh innse Gall, no siorr'achdailih nan garbh chiioch. Cha'n'eil mi idir a' diteadh a' chleachdaidh 60, oir is ciatach an tii, aim am measg otliail is iiprait a' bhaile mhoii-, a bhi cumail beò gaol dùtlicha, agus a bhi a' cuimhneachadh ghnathan agus chleachdainnean nan gleann- tan siochail 'sail deachaidh ar n-àrach; ach oha'n f heud mi a ràdh nach feudadh pairt do na conminn sin barrachd adheanamh air son an luchd dùthcha na tha iad a' deanamh. Tha gun teagamh air bith cuid diubh a' deanani mòrain. ('omhaii'aichte anns an rat had so tha an "Comunn Gàidhleach" (Highland Society). Is gann a dh' fheudar meud a' inhaith a tha an comunn so a' deanamh a Km mhcas. Tha iad a' cumail suas sgoile aims am bheil fòghlum agus leabhraichean gun airgiod gun luach, air an toirt do theann air naoi ceud do chloinn Ghaidhealaich, Is cha 'n e teagasg suarach a tha iad a' faigh- inn, oir cha'n'eil mi a' saoilsinn gu'm bheil ach gann sgoil ann an Glaschu a theid an toiseach oirre. Is cha'n e mhiiin gu'm bheil iad mar so air an deagh theagasg, ach tha gach bliadhna deise bhreacain air a toirt do àireimh mhòir do na caileagan. Tha an t-aodach so air a thoirt ciia 'n ann ann an rathad deirce ach mar dhuais do na sgoilearan a's feàrr, a chum nach ruig a leas an Gaidheal a's uaibhiiche inntinn nùir a bhi air leigeal le a nighinn an t-aodach a chosd — 'si sochair anabarrach a tha aig ar luchd-diithcha anns a' bhaile so, anns an sgoil so. Is lionmhor mac Gaidheil an diugh, a tha 'lioiiadh àite onoraich aig an tigh is thairis a dh'fhaodas a' chomain sin a thoirt air an fhòghlum a f huair e ann an- sgoil a' Chomuinn Ghaidhealaich. Cha 'n 'eil sealladh a chi mi o cheann gu ceann do 'n bhliadhna a tha cho taitneach leam, ri bhi a' faicinu, a reir an gnatha, air tois- each ceud mhios an t-samhraidh gach bliadhna clann na sgoile Gàidhealaich a* meùrsadh fb cheannsal an luchd-teagaisg is luchd riaghlaidh a' chomuinn, gu Eaglais Chaluim Chille far am bheil searmoin freag- arrach do chloinn air a toirt seachad leis a' mhinisteir. Is bòidheach an sealladh da rireadh a bhi a' faicinn mu naoi ceud cloinne ag iomachd ann an ùrdugh o'u sgoil gus an Eaglais is air an ais a ritliis. Na maothrain ghaolach! tha mo chridhe a' teòghadh riu gach uair a chi mi iad. 'n tha mi a' labhairt air sgoil feudaidh mi a thoirt fain- ear gu'm bheil sgoil eile mar an ceudna ann an Glaschu far am bheil teagasg agus leabh- raichean a nasgaidh air an toirt do chloinn Ghaidhealaich, ris an abrar sgoil MhicLach- luinn. Chaidh an t-airgiod a tha 'cumail suas na sgoile so f hàgail le duine coir de 'n ainm Mac Lachluinn. Rinn e 'chuid airgid anns ua h-Innsibh, is ma thiomnadh dh'f hag e roinn de air son sgoil a thoirt do Chloinn Ghàidheal aims a' bhaile so, agus is iomadh aon a dh' fheudadh a bheannachd a thoirt air air son a ghniomha. Tha niu dha cheud Egoilear anns an sgoil so. Tha comunn Gàidhealach eile againn mar an ceudna, ris an caiiar 'sa' bheuria "Tlie Celtic Society." Tha deagh aobhar aig a' chomunn so anns an amharc mar an ceudna, — aobhar a bu choir am brosnachadh gu ftiilte fhuranach a chur air "A' Ghàidheal," oir tha iad ag aideachadh gu 'm bheil an aon chrioch Dara Mios an t-Samhraidh, 1872. AN GAIDHEAL. aca 's an amharc ribh fein. So agaibh na nitheau a tha iad a' cur fa 'n comhair fèinadhean,amli (1.) "Cànain, fòghlum, ceòl, bàrdachd, èideadh, sean-nithe, agus cluich- ean fearail Ghàidheal na h-Alba, a chumail suas. (2) Còmhnadh airgid a thoirt do Oileanaich Ghàidhealach athacomharraichte airson an dichill no an tapadh. (3.) Cuid- eachadh a dheanadh le muiantir a bhuineas do'n Ghaidhealtachd a dh' fhaodas tuit- eam ann am bochdainn ann an Glascho." Tha run a' chomuinn maith is cha 'n 'eil teagamh nach 'eil an deanadas a ruir an rùin, oir tha cùrr mòr air mile ball anns a' chuideachd. Car cosmhuil ris a' chomunn so tha a' "Chuideachd Cheann-tìreach," Oir tha iadsan mar an ceudna a' toirt cuid- eachaidh do dhuine òg aig an Oil-thigh, agus a' cur dliuaisean a chum nan sgoiltean ann an Ceann-tire, a bharrachd air bhi a' deanamh còmhnaidh le naistnich Chiun-tire a tha air tighinn gu bochdaina. A thuilleadh orra so tha àireamh mhùr eile aig am bheil 'n am beachd, a bhi 'cumail suas ciiirdeis agus carrantachd, is a' deanamh còmhnaidh leis an fheumach is cuideachaidh le luchd a' mhi-fhortain. Ach cha dean mi ach a mhàin an ainmeachadh. Tha an " Comunn ■Earra-ghiiidhealach" a'deanamh feumanach beag 'san rathad so. Is " Comunn oircheas- ach Pheairt." Tha a' "Chuideachd Sgiath- anach" ag amharc an dcigh nàistnich eileau maiseach a' cheò. Tha " Cuideachd oir- cheasach Chataoibh" a' deanamh iochd air an co-luchd-diithcha. Tha "Comunn Muil- each," is "Comunn Ileach" ann. "Comunn Abrach," is "Comunn Appaineach," "Cuid- eachd Arranach" is "Comunn Collach,'' "Cuideachd nan Siorramachdan tuathach," agus "Buidheann Cheann-lochgilb is Loch" fine." Tha gach aon de na cuideachdan so a' coinneachadh uair 's a' bhliadhna tim- chioU bòrd suilbheir na feisde gu dinneir a ghabhail le chuile, no a' coinneachadh ann an talla eigin gus am feasgar a chur seachad, le ùraidean, ceùl agus ùrain. Ach thacuid dhiubh a' deanamh tuilleadh na so, oir tha iad a'sineadh na lùimh' f hiail do iomadh aon air an do luidh am mifhortan gu trom, is air an do ruig cruadal is eigin. Fhir mo chridhe, is eireachdail an sealladh ri 'f haic- inn e, mar tha "Tigh mor na cuirme mar liichairt laiste," is a tha "clauna na Tir' Aird' ris an abrar gu bràth na gaisgich" a' -coinneachadh, cuid diubh sgeudaichte ann «ideadh aosda na dùthcha, le an sporain mhollach is an spangan airgid ; na nionagan màlda, le am miog shuilean tlatha, is na mnathan còire gu boiteanach, sròlach, rib- eanach gu'n saoileadh sibh gur bean baile gach aon diubh. Mar tha a' chuideachd a' cruinneachadh, tha piobaire no dh;\ a' cur nan smi'iid dhiubh a'cluichair pìobmhòir nan dosan àrda, gu snasmhor grinn, port meàr- sidh eigin. Cha 'n ailhne dhomh ceòl a ghluaiseas mo chridhe cosmhuil ri nualan na piobam(Mre,martha "Cabar-feidh," "Cumha Mhic an Tòisich," "A mhnathan a' Ghlinne.'' no aon de na seann phuirt Ghàidhealach sin air an deagh chluich. Mar a tha a' chuid- eachd cruinn 's a ghabhas fear na cathrach 'àite 's a tha 'n t-altachadh air a ràdh, 's ann an sm a bhitheas am farum, le gleadhraich chupan is spainean, luchd frithealaidh a' ruith 's 'n an dean ruith a' freasdal do gach aon cho suilbhear togarrach is ged a bu tigheama fearainn gach aon's a'chuideachd. Tha an sean-fhocal ag riidh gu 'm "bi gille aig an fheannaig 'san fhogharadh.'' Ach tha gille aig gach aoidh aig na cuid- eachdaibh cùirdoil ud. Cha bu mhaith learn a bhi 'cur miothlachd air aon de na comuinn, ach cha 'n fhaod mi rùdh. gun tig aon diubh suas ris a' Chomuun Mhuileach, aig a' chuirm bhiiadhnail aca. Bha air a' bhliadhna so fein an talla a's motha 's a' bhaile air a lionadh o cheann gu ceann le cuideachd cho togarrach, cridheil, òrdail is a chunnaic mi riamh. Bha òrain Ghùidhlig, is òraidean Gàidhlig air an toirt seachad ann am pailteas. Oide is fheudail! b'e an seall- adh e mar a bha gach neapaiginn pòca a mach a' togail seisd air an fhonn; tha mise aj ràdh ribh nach 'eil coinneamh 's a' bhaile a bheir ite as an te Mhuilich, cha tig a' h-aon diubh ann an uisge na stiiirach aice. Ach an innis sibhse dhomh ciod a's ciall do 'n ainm "^Soiree" a thug iad air na coinn- eamhan ud, Tha fhios o 'n a bha sibh an America gu'm bheil gach eùlas agaibh is 1 gu 'n teid agaibh air so a dheanamh. Tha iad ag ràdh rium gur he facal Fraingis a th' ann, ach is gann a tha mi 'gan creidsinn. Oir ged a thàinig e oirnn as an Fhraing is i mo bharail gur h-e facal Gàidhlig a th'ann a ghoid iad bh'uainn is a tha uis a' tighinn oirnn ann an dreach ùr. Tha fhios agaibh gu 'm bheil na Frangaich gu math tapaidh tiolpanta, agus gu 'm bheil e air a chur as an leth gur h-e an gnàth innleachdan a fhuair muinntir eile a mach a thoirt leò, is an sin a chur mar fhiachaibh air an t-saoghal gur iadsan a fhuair a mach a' chilis an toiseach. Is tha duine coir a's 80 AN GAIDHEAL. Dara Mlos an t-Samhraidh, 1872: aithne dhomhsa ag rùdli gur h-ann mar so a rinn iad leis an fhocal so. Tha esan 'sa' bheachd nach'eil anns an fhacal soiree acli an dnigh Fhraugacli air an fhacal suiridh!!! Ach biodli sin mar a thogras e, tha aon ni fior, gur ciatach a thionudaidheas'iad a mach aig na coinnoachan sin, is cha'n'eil mi ag rùdh nach bi beagan do 'n t suiridh a' do) cuid- eachd, agus is mise nach faigh coire dhoibh mar tha gach ni gu beusach ceart. Ach feumaidh mi an litir so a tharruing gu crich, ach mu 'n dean mi sin, tha aon Chomuun Gàidhealach oile air am feum mi iomradli a thoirt, agus 'se sin an "Comunu Oiseanach." Tha an comunn so a nis teann mhath air leth cheud bhadhna a dh' aois, agus is fior chomunn GùiHg a tha ann, oir tha gach gnothach air a ghiidan air adhart anns a' Ghàilig. Tha na mionaidean air an sgriobh- adh anns a' chànain mhilis sin, is tha gach òraid is deasbaireachd anns a' cheart chàinnt ghaolaich. Tha an comunn so a' coinn- eachadh air gach feasgar Di-h-aoine fad seisein an Oilthigh ann an tigh-seiseiu eag- lais Challum Claille, agus is iomadh sear- monaiche fileanta, gleusda, an Albainn 's an Canada a bheir a bheannachd air a' Cho- munn Oiseanach a' son anchothroim a bhuil- ich e orra gu eòlas fhaotuinn air a' GhàiHg. A nis, a Ghi'iidheil rùnaich, thug mi dhuibh cunntas air a' chuid mhòir do no comuinn Ghàidhealach againn anns a' bhaile so, is tha mi cinnteach o 'n àireimh gu 'm lend sibh misneach a ghlacadh a chum dol air 'ur n-aghaidh gu fearail 'n 'ur n-obair, oir ma chuiroas iad an guaillean ri chtile tha an gnothach leibh. Slàn leibh — Theagamh gu 'n cluinn sibh nam gu goirid a rithis. An latha a chi s nach fhaic, is mi, le gach deagh ghuidhe, ur caraid dileas. RUNASDACII. Glaschu, air Cluaidh, Ì 2.3mh. de'n Ghiblean, 1K72. J OISEIN: A LINN AGUS A BUARDACHD. (air leantuinn.) Cha 'n 'eil na comharraidhean aon chuid fann no faoin a tha dàin Oisein annta f(5iu a noclidadh gu 'm buin iad do aimsir a tha fada air chiil. Tha c Huilleir gu 'n robh laoicli is saoi na Fdinne ann an suidheachadh simplidh; gu 'n robh iad fatha-st ann an òg mhad- uinn au cinneadalachd 'n uair a chaidh slige au t-sòlais mu 'n cuairt, agus a thog au righ am foun air h\ithibh nan sonn a b' hirde gniomh, is Ian mhile fear focail shuas ag aomadh gu luaidli an righ. Is e leantuinn na seilge air raon is aonach, agus marcachd thairis air stuaidhean a' chuain mhoir, maille ri Cruaidh is Maile ciar a ghiiilau aun an dealan beur a' chòmhraig, a bu chleachduinn do laoich na Feinne. Cha robh au aite còmhuuidh seas- mhach. 'Nuair theirgeadh tuirc is feidh ann an aon aite, rachadh na seann Ghàidheil gu aite eile; agus is ann air an aobhar so a tha e 'tachairt gu 'm bheil aiumean air am faotainn an sud agus an so, a tha 'gleidheadh cuimhne air sàr-threin na Feinne. Cha robh eòlas no tuigse aca, mar tha dain Oisein gu soilleir a dearbhadh, air ealdhain no innlcachd air bith ach a mhàin orrasan a bha feumail doibh anns a' bheatha a bha iad a' caitheamh. Bha iad eòhxch air iarunn. Is ann an Ceàrdach Luinn Mhic Liobhuinn a bha ri obair gobhainn aig righ Lochluinn anns a' Bheirbhe, a bha sleaghau is lannan na Feinne air an deanamh. Is e Mac an Luinn a b'ainm do'n chlaidh- eamh a bha Fionughal ag iomchar. Is eiginn gu 'u robh eùhxs nach bu ghann aca mar au ceudna air seòhxdaireachd. Oir tha e soilleir gu 'n robh iad gu minic ag imeachd thar a' chuan shum- ainneach, stuadhach gu Lochlann, gu Innisfàil is Innis-nan-torc. B'e mianu nan laoch an eithear dhoun is a chur- ach luath ag eiridh suas air cuau nan long, a' gearradh an astair feadh thonn gun chiiram, mar theiue nan speur troimh bhearnaibh beur nan neul. Ged bha longan na Feinne fo'n siiiil bh;\na 'beumadh troimh 'n cheathaich ghlais air toirm nan stuadh 's nan tonn eiti, 's an cobhar ban mu 'm muineal shuas; gidheadh, dileas do shimplidh- eachd na luiugis 'saun le iallaibh air an deanadh, mar dh'fhaodas sinn a chreid- sinn.debhiannamfiadh'sbheabhaichean Dara Mìos rn t-Samhraidh, 1872. AN GAIDHEAL. 81 na seilge a bha na siùil gheala air an ceangal. Chi sinn mar so gu 'n robh eòlas na Feinne a ruigheachd air na cleachduinnibh aca fein, agus nach robh ni b' fhaide. Air feadh bardachd Oisein uile, cha 'n 'eil luaidh air a dheanamli air inn- leachd no àbhaist nach 'eil a' comh- chòrdadh ri òige nan laithean anns an do thog iad fuaim air teudaibh na clàr- saich ann an Talla Sheallamai Giul- ainidh an ni so fein Oisein is a threun- laoich gu aimsir fad o chian. Ged b' e athair Osccdr agus mac Fhionnghail righ Sheallama « nam feart, bard caomh nan iomadh sgeul ; ged bu bhinn gach dan o 'bheul maiseach, an trath thòisicheadh esan rujh nam bard air iomradh àrd nan laoch 's nan lann ; bha 'smuaintean arda, òirdhearc, agus a shamhiaidhean bòidheach fìrinneach air an tarruing o nàdur fein. Fuaim no guth, luaidh no moladh cha 'n 'eil 'n a bhàrdachd uile air curaidh Greugach no air filidh Romanach. Cha chualar leis riamli gun do sheinn Ilomar iom- raiteach treubhantas is euchdan nan Greugach, maille ri fearg an-iochd- mhor Achilleis, ni mo dh' inntrig ranuan sgeineil grinn Virgeil agus Horals, a chridhe riamh. B 'e nàdur fein ban-altrum cbaoimhneil Oisein. A' ghrian, mac aighearrach nan speur anns an ògmhaduinn agus ann an duibhre 'n fheasgair; na neòil, a dh' iadhas mu lòchran nan leadanòrbhuidh, 'ga dheanamli smalanach, sprochdach, agus an uair 'dh' imicheas iad thairis air, ag aiseag sunnd is gean is sòlais ; a' ghealach leth-chòmhdaichte le trus- gan dorcha, agus aig am eile 'toirt seachad a soluis fein le 'guiiis àiUidh aoidheil; na sruthan gàireach, tormau- ach a ruitheas dian bho aonaichibh nam fuar-bheanu arda; an ceo a thùir- lingeas ann an iomadh dealbh is cruth air broilleach nan raon, air uchd nan lochan 's air taobh nan cnoc le scleò dhuaichni; na cluarain a' crathadh an cinn ann an osag Lhiai; feartan na Feinne le cruaidh is mhile; fuaim lùir- each is beumadh lann, osuaidheaa thaibhsean is guiomharan nan laithean a bha 's a dh' aom ; b' iad so uile càird- ean Oisein, an trath a mhosgladh 'anam le guth nan dan 's le fuaim nam fonn. Agus CO a leughas bardachd Oisein agus a thuigeas a h-òirdheirceas agus a snas — mòrachd a smuaintean, nach aidich air ball gu 'm bheil e, mar thubhairt e fein mu Fhionnghal nam feart, a' seas- amh leis fein, gun choimeas am measg nam filidhean. Thig e dhuinn a nis oidhirp a dhean- amh air linn a' Bhàird aosmhoir thairisich a shonrachadh a mach ni' mionaidiche. Chunnaic sinn gu 'n, bheil cainnt is dealbh nan dan fein ag inuseadh sgeoil air am o aois, agiis gu 'm bheil còrdadh dlùth follaiseach eadar smuaintean, beachdan, agus guiomharan a' Bhàird. Ghleus e 'chruit chiiiil, agus dh' imich anam an srutli nam fonn 's nan òran, oir bu taitneach leis faireachduinnean a chridhe a dhòirteadh a mach gu nadurra. Cha b' e iarrtuis solas a thoirt do dhaoinibh fòghluimte. Cha robh e air a theannachadh le riaghailt- ibh sgriobhta na Bardachd. Bha toirm nan dan bho'n am a dh' aom, tlachd- mhor do 'n anam a bha tairis, fial. Dh' aithris bilean a' Bhaird gu fior 's gu nadurra na smuaintean bbidheach 'sna h-òrain bhlasda 'bha 'tuiueachadh ann an uaigneas anama fein. Tha iomradh air a dheanamh air siol nan coigreach, agus ann an Caomh- mhala tha Caracul is Caruimi nan sruth ag iadhadh ann am fuil a' bhiiirn, air an toirt far comhair. Thug Fionnghal buaidh, 's bha solas air ard na mòrbheinn. Tha ruaig air mac righ an domhain 's a shluagh. " Togaibhs' a bheula nan dan, Togaibh gu h-àrd am blàr aig Carunn ; Theich Caracul 's a shluagh o m' lainn. Theich e thall thar raoin an àrdain. 82 AN GAIDHEAL. Dara Mios aa t-Samhraidh, 1872 A ghaisgich mar dhealain air sliabh 'Tlia 'sgeadachadh tannais na h-oidhche, 'S e 'g aomadh ro' ghaoitli o 'n iar 'Sa'choille chiarmu'n cuairta'boillsgeadh Taom, a Charuinn, taom do shruth ; An aoibhneas an diugh siubhail sios. Theich coigrich a b' àirde guth." Tha e cosmhuil gur h-e Caracalla mac Hhevei'uis an ceaiuiard ard Rom- anach a tha air a chiallacliadli an so. Chaochail Severus aun an toiseach an treasamli linn, agus mar sin, tha bun- chair is barantas againn aun a bhi 'g amharc air an treasamh no 'n ceath- ramh linn, mar an t-àm anns an robh talk na fèile 's nam fleagh, nan cuach 's nan corn, 'n a sheasamh ann an Seallama nan tiir ard, mun robh laoich na Fdinne 'n an tannais gun tuar 's a chàrn air neòil agus fuar-ghaoith Ghonai, Tha fios againn gur h-iad ainmean Locklituieachsb tha, mòran de eileanaibh Albainn a giiilan. Jura, Scarba, Staffa — cha 'n e so fuaim na Gàilig. Cha 'n 'eil blasdachd Oisein anns na h-ainmibh so. Buinidh iad do thir 'sdochainnt nan coigreach. Bhagun teagamh ainm gach eilein is caoil, gach maigh is raoiu air tils Gàidhealach. Is anns a' cheathramh agus anns a' chuig- eamli linn a thainig na Lochlinnich siol nan tonn a nuas, agus a rinn iad àiteachadh ann an eileanaibh Albainn. Bha, mata, Oisein agus suinn threubh- acli na Feinne roimh an am so. Cho fada 's a tlia e comasach a leithid so de ni a r(^'iteacliadh gu ceart, tlia e air adheanamhamach gurh-anns a' cheath- ramh linn a ràinig teachdairean a' Chreidimh Chriosduidh tir nam beann 's nan sruthan fuaimneach. Aig toiseach Ckaltlw'nm is Cliaol- mkail,thii Bard Chonai'labhairt mar so : "Glan ^'utli na Ibnna de thri'in, Fliir 'tlia 'tuincadli Icat fein an cos. Fliir a tlii'iinii,^ o iiiliiV^di nan Gall, MosL^laidh ni'anani an ialla nan Hea.!:,'li; Mar na làithean am bliadhnaibh thall: Tlia mi 's'mcadli mo làinli 'tha lag, Is an osun fo smachd mo chlèibh'. An cluinn tlui, sliil nan cos an craig Fonn o Oisian mu 'òg glmiomb fein? Am faic fear tninidli nan cos ciar' S.L,àath mliòr Oisein an àird an talla Fo cbomharradh scara nan còmhrag? Thrc'ig an soillse glan a balla, Tha meirg air a ballaibh, mo dbòruinn! Cluinu-sa, fliir tuinidh nan cos ciar', Mòr sgeul air na bliadhnaibh 'tba tball." Is ann an seann Idithibh Oisein a sgriobh e 'n dan so. Cha 'n 'eil è eu- cosmhuil idir gur h-e aon de cheud Shearmonaichibh an t-soisgeil a tha 'm Bard a' ciallachadh leis an neach a thainig mhagh nan Gall 'sa bha 'tuin- eadh leis fein an cos nan creag. Is ann an dèigh do righ Fearghas a liichairt a phlanutachadh ann an tir nan GaU, agus frithean is aonaichean na Gàidh- ealtachd a thrèigsinn, a dh' eirich roinnean am measg luchd tuinidh nan àrd-bheann. Sgairte bho cheile le glinn leathan dhomhaiu, no le aibh- nichibh brasa beucach; cuairtichte le lochaibh farsuing eiti no le beanntaibh. corrach àrda, roinneadh na Gaidheil 'nam buidhnibh an dèigh do chuirm 'sdo chompanas an righ an trèigsinn. B'e so a bu phriomli aobhar do na roinnibh ris an abrar Clann nan Galdh- eal. Tha laoich is treun-fhir Oisein a* gèiUeachduinn do 'n mhòr thriath Fionnghal gun fhocal, gun ghutli o 'n ceann : gach siiil air lainn is tuar an righ, is esan a' tarruing a shleagh _o 'chill. Is i gairm ard mhic Chomhail a thionaileadh mòr ghaisgeacha na Feinne gu cath no fleadhachas; agus cha robh cinn feadhna no ceannardan air bith eile air an aithneachadh no air an aideachadh. Tha mi 'saoilsinn ma chuireas sinn an cuideachd a cheile na h-aobliairean air an d' rinn mi nis gu h-aithghearr iomradh, gu'm bheil againn barantas seasmhach ann a bhi 'creidsinn gur h-anns an treasamh linn aghluais Fionn- ghal gu stri nan lann, agus a thog Oisein fonn mills nan òran air teudaibh nan sàr-chlàrsach. [Ri leanntuinn.) CONA. Dara Mios an t-Samhraidh, 1872. AN GAIDHEAL. 83 UKNUIGH OISEIN. Oisein. Aithris sgeul, a Phàdniig, An onair do leughainn," Am bheil nèamh gu h-àraidh, Aig Fiannaibh na h-Eirinn? Padruig. Bheireams' briathar dhuitse, Oisein nan glonn,t Nacb 'eil neamh aig t' athair, Aig Oscar, no aig Goll. O. 'S olc an sgeul, a Phàdruig, A th' agad dliomhs', a cbleirich ; C uim' am bithinn-sa ri cràbhadh, Mur 'eil neamh aig Fiannaibh Eirinn? P. Nach dona sin, Oisein, Fhir nam briathra boile, 'Sgu'm b' fheàrr Dia re aon uair', Na Fianna Eirinn uile? O. B* f hearr leam aon chath làidir, A chuireadh Fionn na Feinne, Na Tighearn a' chrabhaidh, Agus thusa, chleirich. P.JiGre beag a' chuilf chronanach, Agus mònaran na greine, Gun fhios do'n Righ mhoralach^ Cha tc-id fo bbil' a sgeithe. C. 'N saoil tliu 'm b' ionann e 's Mac Cumhail, An righ 'bh' againn air na Fiannaibh? Dh' f haodadh gach neach 'bha air thalamh, Dol 'n a thalla-san|| gun iarraidh. P. Oisein ! 's fada do shuain, Eirich suas is eisd na sailm, O'n chain thu nis do liith 'sdo rath, 'S nach cuir thu cath ri la garbh. 0. Ma chain mi mo liith 's mo rath, 'S nach maireann cath a bha aig Fionn, Do d' chleirsinneachd is beag mo speis, 'S do cheòl eisdeachd ni 'm fiach leam. P. Cha chual thu co math ri m' cheòl, thus an domhain mhòir gus a nocbd; 'S tha thu aosda an-ghlic liath, Fhir a dhioladh cliar air chnoc. 0. 'S trie a dhiol mi cliar air chnoc, 'lUe Phiidruig a's olc rim, 'S eucoir dhuitse 'chain mo chruth,^ nach d'jfhuair thu guth air thus. Chualas ceòl os cionn do cheòil, Ge mòr a mholas tu do chliar ; Ceòl air nach luidh leth-trom laoich, Faoghar cuilc aig an Ord Fhiann. 'N uair a shuidheadh Fionn air cnoc, Sheiuneamaid port do 'n Ord Fhiann, "Chuireadh 'n an codal na slòigh, 'SJochòin bu bhinne e na 'chliar. Smeòrach bheag dhubh o Ghleann Small, Faoghar nam bare ris an tuinn," Sheinneamaid an leithid' a phuirt, Is bha sinn fein 's ar cruit ro bhinn. Bha tri gaodhair dheug aig Fionn, Leigeamaid iad ri Gleann Small ; 'S bu bhinne glasghairmf ar con, Na do chluigs', a chleirich chàidh. % Guide ruinne. Fionn ar dia, A riar cliar§ agus sgoil Thug e la air bronnadh òir|| 'S an ath lò air meaghar chon. P. Aig meud 'f hiughair ri meaghar chon, 'S e dioladh sgoil gach aon la, 'S aig lughaid eisimeil ri Dia, Anis tha Fionn nam Fiann an làìmh. 0. 'S gann a chreideas mi do sgeul, A chleirich le d' leabhar ban, Gu 'm bitheadh Fionn, no cho fial, Aig duine no aig Dia an làimh. P. Ann an ifrinn tha e'n làimh, Fear le 'n sàth bhi bronnadh òir, Air son a dliimeas air Dia, Chuir iad e 'n tigh pian fo leon.U 0. Nan robh Clanna Morni steach. Is Clanna Baoisgne, na fir threun", Bheireamaid-ne Fionn a raach, No bhiodh an teach againn fein. P. Còig còigeanna""'-' na h-Eirinn ma seach, 'S air leat-sa gur mòr am feura, Cha tugadh sin Fionn a mach, Ged bhiodh an teach agaibh fein. 0. Nach math an t-àite ifrinnft fein, A chleirich dha 'n leir an sgoil? * Tbe MS. Ì3 'lebhidh'; the Dean of Lismore's Book has 'leyvm"='leughainn,' which w3 have adopted. f 'Glonn,' deed of valour, exploit. { 'Cuil,' a fly ; 'a" chuil chronanach," the humming fly. § 'Mùnaran,' mote. II The MS. is 'tsheolle,' for, probably, 'shealladh'; "na shealladh-san,' into his presence. Dr. Young's copy has "na thalla-san,' into his hall, which we have adopted. The Dean of Lismore's Book has ' 'n a thigh.' H It is difficult to decide whether the word in the MS. is 'cruth' or 'emit'; the copies of Hill and Dr Young have 'cruth.' ♦ TheMS. andHill'soopyhave 'tuinn.' ' Tonn' is some- times feminine. See Armstrong's Dictionary, and Duncan Riach M'Nicol's lines at the end of this poem. t 'Glasghairm,' noise of hounds. t 'Càidh,' holy, pure. § The MS. is 'A riar chliar agus scoil;' Hill's copy has 'A riar do chliar is do scoil,' but inaccurately printed. 'Riar,' please, satisfy, distribute, serve. See O'Reillys Dictionary. II 'Bronnailh òir,' distributing gold. i[ 'Bhròn ' is written in the MS. over 'leòn.' *» 'Coige,' a fifth, a province. tt 'lume'inMP. 84 AN GAIDHEAL. Dara Mios an t-Samhraidh, 1872. Nach CO math is flaitheas De, Ma gheibhear innt' fcidh is coin? Bha mise la air sliabli Bhòid, Agus Caoilte 'bu chruaidh lann, Bha Oscar ann is Groll nan sleagh, DòmhnuU nam lleadh is Fraoch' o 'n ghleann ; Fionn Mac Cumhail, borb a bhrigh, Bha e 'n a Righ os ar cionn. Tri inaca àrd-rìgh nan sgiath, Bu mhòr am miann air dol a shealg, A Phàdriiig nam baehall fiar,* Cha leigeamaid Dia os ar cionn. Bu bheag leam Diarmad 0' Dhuinn, Agus Fearrghas 'bu bhinue glòir, Nam bu chcad leat mi do 'n huidh, A chleirich nuaigh,t a theid do 'n Roimh. p. C'uim' nach cead leam thu do 'n luaidh, Ach thoir t' aire gu luath air Dia? O 'n tha nis deireadh air t' aois, Sguir do d' bhaois,:j: a shean-fhir leith. 0. A Phàdruig, ma thug thu cead, Air beagan a labhairt duinn, Nach aidicli thu, ma 's cead le Dia, Flath nam Fiann a radh air thiis? P. Cha d' thug mise comas duit, A shean-fhir chiiirt, agus thu liath, B' fheàrr Mac Muire re aon la Na duine a thainig riamh. 0. Nior robli math aig neach fo 'n ghreia Gu 'm b' f heàrr e f ein na mo thriath ; Mac miiirneach nach d' eitich§ cliar 'S cha leigeadh e Dia os a chionn. P. Na comhaidll thusa duine ri Dia, A shean-fliir h-ith, na breithnich e; Is fada o 'n thainig a neart, Is mairidh a cheart gu brath. 0. Chomhaidinnse Fionn nam fleadh Ri aon neach a sheall 's a' ghrein ; Cha d' iarr [e] riamli ni air neach 'S cha mho 'dh' eur^i e neach niu ni. Bhcireamaid seachd cathan fichead, an Fliiann, Air sithean Druim Cliair a muigh; • The MS. is 'fial,' an obvious mistake for 'fiar,' the word ia Dr. Young's cojjy. The 'baohall fiar' was the crosier. t 'Nuaigli,' heaven; also holy. X The M.S. i.s 'mhaoigh' for 'bhaoithe,' abstract noun (aspirated) from 'baoth;' I>r. Ycjung's copy has bhaos= ' bhaothas ;■" Hill's copy bus Chaois,' a misprint for 'bhaois, levity, folly. § 'Kitich,' refuse. II 'Comhaid,' compare. •I 'Eur,' refuse. Cha tugamaid urram do Dhia, No 'cheann cliair*'' a bha air bith.f P. Seachd cathan fichead dhuibhse,'n ar Feinn, Cha do chreid sibh 'n Dia nan diil; Cha mhaireann duine do 'r sliochd, 'S cha bheò ach riochd:j: Oisein iiir. 0. Cha 'n e sin 'bu choireach ruinn, Ach turas]Fhinn a dhol do 'n Roimh, Cumail cath Ghabhra leinn f ùin, Bha e claoidh ai Feinn gu mòr. P. Cha 'n e sin 'chlaoidh sibh uile ann A mhic Fhinn, o 'n gearr gu d' re ; Eisd ri radh Righ nam bochd, 'S iarr thusa nochd neamh dhuit fein. 0. Comraich§ an da abstol deug, Gabhaidh mi dhomh fein a nochd; Ma rinn raise peacadh trom, A chur an cnoc nan torn a muigh. Crìoch. The following lines follow in the MS. : Thoir an eachdraidh 'Mhaighstir Dorahnull, A tha 'chòmhnaidh an cois na tuinne ; || An urnuigh 'bha aig Oisean liath-ghlas, Nach robh riamh ach 'n a dhroch dhuine. It is then added, in reference, we suppose, to these lines : The above stanzas were composed by Duncan Riach M'Nieol, in Glenorchy, commonly called "The modern Ossian." (This poem is from a manuscript collection of Ossiauic and other poems, which belonged to the Rev. Donald M'Nieol, Lismore, author of "Remarks on Dr. Johnson's Journey to the Hebrides &c." A copy, nearly the same as M'Nicol's, but very inaccurately printed, was published in Hill's Collection in 1784, and was after- wards reprinted in the Plighlaud Society's Report on the Poems of Ossian (1805). Another but slightly different copy was published in 1787, in the Transactions of tlie Royal Irish Academy, by Dr. M. Young, an Irish gentleman, who travelled in the Highlands in the summer of 178-4. There is also a copy in the Dean of Lismore's Book, but it difters considerably from the otlier copies which we have seen, and the modern version of it published a few years ago is frc(iuently inaccurate. The MS. of tills poem is dated 1762-3. A. C.) * The MS. was originally 'dhaoin triach'='dh'aoa triath,' but was sub.sequenty altered. { 'Bith,' world. X Dr Young's copy has 'rioghachd.' § 'Comraich,' protection. II Viz. Lismore, , Hlos an t-Samhraidh, 1873. AN GAIDHEAL. 85 NAIDHEACHDAN. Anns na làitliibh a tha ann an diugh tha atharrachaidhean mora a' tighinn air caoch- ladh nithean le luathas ro iongantach. Tha iiitlie lira a' gabhail àite air aghaidh na talmhainn agus am measg chinneach an t-saogliail le ealamhachd a bhiodh 'n a nùorbhuil do mhuinntir Imntean roimbe so. Ged tha so fior gu coitchionn, gidheadh cha 'n 'eil e fior mu cheisd no dhà air am bhcil sinn ri iomradh a dheanamh air ball. An deigh so cumaidh sinn cuimhne air nithibh cudthromach a*s buanaiche is a's femnaile na cheile. Tha ceisd dhuilich ris an abrar " Agraidh- ean air son na h-Alabamai," a blia gun reiteachadh o am Cogaclh A mericai, a' tarr- uing a nis gu deireadli. Cha 'n 'eil e cos- rahuil gu 'm bi eas-aonadh bagarrach 's am bith eadar an da rioghachd, Breatann agus na Stàidean Aonaichte mu 'n ghnothach so. Tha a' chrioch so 'n a h-aobhar ghair- deachais agus 'n a riarachadh niòr do 'n da shluagh. 'S e call eagallach a bhiodh ann gu 'm briseadh cogadh a mach eadar an da shluagh a tha cho dileas an dàimh. Thug na Stàidean air an ais nah-Agraidhean ueo- chuimseach a riun iad an toiseach na bliadhna; agus troimhe so tha rathad fosg- ailte gu bann-còrdaidh a dheanamh a bhith- eas 'n a riaghailt stiùraidh sheasmhach, agus fheumail dhoibh ft'in agus do riogh- achdaibh eile, Tha faoin iomradh an dràsd a ris air tighinn a Africa gu'rn bheil an t-Olla Libh- ingston, o nach d' f huaradh fios cinnteach o cheann bhliadhnachan, fathast beò; agus gu'm feud sùil a bhi ris gu geàrr a meadhon Africai. Feudaidh an sgeul so a bhi fior, ach'cha do dhearbhadh buileach e thuige so; ach, co-dhiii cha'n fhada gus an cluinn- ear fios àraidh o 'n mhuinntir a chaidh air a thùir. Tha bliadhna no dha o 'n thòisicheadh air Eeachd nr Pàrlamaid air son sgoilean Rioghachd ?n Albainn a thoirt a mach; ach thuit gach oidhirp a dh' ionnsuidh so gu làr. 'S iad na h-aobhairean tuisleach- aidh na beachdan ioma-sgeulach a tha aig gach buidheann fa leth air na nithibh a bu choir a bhi air an teagasg anus na Sgoilibh Rioghachd. 'S i a' phuiug gu h-àraidh a tha 'n a cnàimh connspaid, co dhiùbh a's coir do'n Pharlamaid fèin lagh a dheanamh gu'm feum am BiobuU a bhi air a theagasg anns na Sgoilibh Rioghachdail, no comas a thoirt do bhuill Bòrd gach Sgireachd fa leth beantuinn ris mar a chitheadh iadsan iom- chuidh. Ròghnaich an neach a thurr a steach am Bill do Thigh Tochdrach na Pàr- lamaid an ciirsa so mu dheireadh a ghabh- aii, an gnothachfhagai! an lamhaibh Buill nam Bòrd ; ged a tha am Bill a nis gu maith air aghaidh thamòran do Bhuill na Pàrlamaid a' sònruchadh atharrachaidhean mora a dheanamh air mu 'n ceadaichear dha tighinn a mach 'n a lagh. O'n staid anns am bheil e'n dràsd tha iomadh a' co-dhunadh nach urrainn iad fhaotainn troimh'n Pharlamaid am bliadhna. A thaobh ceisd an Aonaidh am measg nan Eaglaisean Cleireach an Alba, gu sòn- ruichte eadar an Eaglais Shaor agus an Eaglais Chleireach Aonaichte cha 'n 'eil a' bheag a dh' adhartas no dhol air ais anns a' chilis. A thaobh na h-Eaglaise Saoire tha 'n Earrann a tha an aghaidh an Aon- aidh a' riinachadh seasamh do-gheilleachd- uinn 'n a aghaidh, 'nuair a tha an Earrann eile a' cur rompa gu 'n lean iad an gnoth- uch a mach. Tha sinn a' tuigsinn gu 'm bheil larrtuis (Petitions') o iomadh seòrsa a'dol gus an Ard-Sheanadh air son iad a stad tamulJ a chum sith aiseag do'n Eaglais air fad. Tha mnathan uaisle feadh na diith- cha a' deanamh suas lantais iad fein ag asluchadh an h-Ard-Sheanaidh stad a chur air an eas-aonadh, a' bhriseadh, agus an naimhdeas a tha a' freumhachadh 'n an measg fcin, le cosg a chur air na h-oidhirp- ibh a tha air an cleachdadh a chum Aonadh a thoirt mu 'n cuairt. Tha diiil mhòr aig sluagh Albainn ris na h-Ard-Shean- aidhean a tha 'cruinneachadh 's na làith- ibh so. Bidh sinn comasach air ciod a ni iad innseadh anns an ath aireamh. Tha anns an Eaglais Sti'idhichte mar an ceudna gluasad timchioll a' Pliatronage. Tha a' chuid a 's mu 's an Eaglais a nis air son a chur as, no mar is ceartaiche a radh tagh- adh a' mhinisteir a chur ann an làmhaibh cinn nan teaghlach. no dh' f haoidte ann an L'lmhaibh nam firionnach ann an coimh- thional a bhitheas 'n an luchd-comunnach. aidh. Tha Diiic Earra-ghaidheil a' gcall- tuinn Bill a thoirt a steach do'n Pharlamaid mu'n ni ; tha mòran de dhaoinibh urramach eile air son na Patronage a tha iad a' meas 'n a cuing air Eaglais na h-AIba a chur as, ann an tomhas co dhii'i. Tha cuid de tia h-Eaglaisibh Cleireach eile an Albainn a tha a' togail an guth, air dhoibh so a thuig- sinn, an aghaidh ath-shuidheachadh 's am bith a bhi air a dheanamh air an Eaglais 86 AN GAIDHEAL. Dara Mios an t-Samhraidh, 1872 Steidhichte, gun an cead-san a bhi air a ghabbail. 'S e an rùn-san, a ruir coslais, gu'm biodh Eaglais Cbleireach na h-Alba air a di-stcidheachadh, agus a deanamh co-ionnan riii fcin. 'S e ar dleasannas ceuman de'u t-seùrsa so a thoirt fa cboinh- air av luchd-leughaidh, 'nuiiira db'fbanas sinn o bhreitb 's am bith a thoirt anns na cuisibh. Thàinig crith-thalmhainn mhòr air an treas la de 'n Ghiblean rathad baile mòr Antioch 's an àird-an-ear. Tha e air aith- ris gu 'n deachaidh barrachd air an treas cuid de'n bhaile a sgrios. Tha eachdraidh ag innseadh dhuinn gu 'n do sgriosadh da cheud mile pearsa 'sa' bhaile so le crith-thal- mhainu ri linn an Impire Trajan a fhuair •ach gann as. 'S e sgeul ro thiamhaidh a tha 'n a leithid so a chluinntinn — daoine air an slugadh suas a chridhe na talmhainn ann am priobadh na siiil. 'N uair a thiiinig an te mu dlieireadh so thachair gu'm b' e Am-trasgaidh nan Greugach (Lent) a bh'anu; agus ann an aon àite far an robhcoiinhthionaldhiubhagaoradh, muthri cheud pearsa, dh'adhlaiceadh sios a dh'aon bheum iad. Ann an àite eile chaidh tigh- sgoil le leth cheud cloinne a shlugadh suas. Bha troimh-eheile uamhasach feadh a' bhaile timchioU air na mairbb. Agus bha a' mhi-riaghailt ud air a meudachadh troimh chleachduinnibh buidhne ris an abrar Dusari, feadhainn a tha 'deanamh aoraidh do Bhaal agus do Astarot. Bha buaidh mhilleidh gbràineil aig a' ghrein air na h-uiread de chuirp mharbh, 'n uair a bha na Oriosdaidhean agus na Mahomatan- aich a' stri co a gheibheadh cothrom air an cuid f uin adhlacadh guh-iomchuidh. Bha na Mtibomatanaich air son nan Oriosdaidhean adhlacadh cho luath 's a ghabhadh iad gun choinneal no ni de'n t-seòrsa, iad a' smuain- eachadh gur h-ann troimh na Criosdaidhibh a thàinig na brtitheanais orra. Tha beinn Bhesubhiuis làimh ri Naples a' brùchdadh a raach teine ghoilteich ni 's mo na b'àbhuist di. Chaill mòran timchioU am beatha troimh na sruthaibh loisgeach a thàinig orra. Tlia cuid a' deanamh a mach mur bitheadh na tuill loisgeach so feadh an t-_saoghail gu'm bitheadh crith-thalmhainn ■ni bu mhilteiclie na tha i. Tha na reangan a tha a' sgàineadh fo thalamh a' cur a mach am briichd troimh na tuill ud. Tha e soilleir gu 'n robh critheannan a boan- tuinn ris na h-Eileanaibh Bi-eatannach fada roimhe bo; agus 'scoir dhuinn a bhi taingeil gu'm bheil sinn cho saor 'sua h-amaibh so, 'nuair a tha sinn a' faicinn gu'm bheil sinn ann an sreath direach eadar Etna ann an Iceland agus Bhesubhius. ORAN. Le fear araid air dha a leannan fhaicinn a' falbh còmhlath ri Niall MacLeòid. AirFonn : "Hoireann o gur mi "tha iursach.^' Co-Sheirm. Hoireann ò gur mi 'tha tiirsach, Thriall mo mhànran, dh' f hag mo lùth mi, Cha 'n 'eil cail agam gu siigradh Shiubhail Niall le rim mo cheile. ! gur mise 'bha gu brùnach 'Doi bho 'n Eaglais air di-dòmhnaich — Sail 'g an d' thug mi air an Leòdach Bha e 'falbh gu seòlt' le m' eudail. Hoireann ò, &c. Chaidh e suas leath' thun an eilein* 'S an trie am bi 'n òige 'beadradh, — Far an cluiun iad na h-eòin blieaga Le 'n cuid cheileiribh cho gleusda. Hoireann ò, «S:c. 'S gile bian na ribhinn oirdheirc Na sneachda air slios nam mòr-bheann, Oh gur binne 'guth ag oran' Na smeòrach air bhàrr nan geugan. Hoireann ò, &c. Och gur mise 'th' air mo bhuaireadh! Leis a' ghaol 'thug mi do 'n ghruagaich, A's i nise 'gabhail fuath dhomb Ged is luath a thug mi speis di. Hoireann ò, &c. Shamhlaich mise gaol nan òighean Ris a' cheò air feadh nam mòr-bheann — 'N uair a ghluaiseas gaoth o neòil e — Eiridh e mar sglcò 's na speuraibh. Hoireann o, &;c. Och clia 'n ioghnadh mar a ta mi — Bhi Ian airtneil air bheag mànrain — Cridhe ciiiirrte, briiite, sàighte Lc saighdibh gràidli o Bhenus. Hoireann ò, &c. * 'S e 'n t-eilean a th' air a chiallachadh an so, aon de na h-eileanaibh a tha 'a an abhainn am bràigh' Inbher- neis Tha gach aon diubh so cùmhdaichte le iomadh seòrsa chraobh is lus : maille ri sin, tha fuaim na h-aibhne a ghnàth 'an cluasaibh an f hir-thurais, agus coireal gach eòin a's binne guth 'san caltainn (na thim f hein) a' cur an coin sgòimh na lanntaire mu 'n cuairt, air mhodh 's gu'n do theab mi ràdh 's an oran An t-eilean, fiarach, biachar, craobhach, 'N t-eilean measach, preasach, fliirach. Far an cluinnte 'n am dhuinn dtisgadh 'Chubhag le gu-gtig 'a a' cheitean. Kara Mìos an t-Samhraidh, 1872- AN GAIDAEAL. sr Ach na 'n cluinneadh fir Chinn-tàile"" E bhi 'falbli nan cnoc le Màiri, 'Cheart cho cinnteacli 's thig am bàs oirnn, Chuireadh iad thar sail' a' bbeisd uainn! Hoireann 6, &c. Ach ged dh'fhalbh thu air di-dòmhnaich Leis a' bheisd nacb aoir a' cheòlraidh — 'Eudail ma bhios tu deònach Cha toir Leòdach bho 'na' Cbleir thu. Hoireann ò, &c. 1871. Alasdair. FAILTE GAOIL. A ghaoil! o'n chaidh thu astar uam 'S trom airtnealach mo smuain, Tha m' inntinn-sa cho sàraichte Ki bat' an onfhadh cuain, — A' cuimhneacbadb do mhànrain rium 'Bha tlàth le iomadli buaidh, A dh' f hag a nis ro chràiteach mi 'S do thiimhachd fada uam. Ach 's cuimhne leam-sa m' àilleagan Bhi 'tàmhachd 'n so air chuairt, 'Nuair bha an samhradh 'dealradh oirnn Le ceòl, le blath's, 's le snuadh; Is dubhar chraobb 'cur sgàile oirnn O'n t- Solus Aigh 'na chuairt, Far 'n trie a rinn sinn gàirdeachas Le inntinn chàirdeil, shuairc. Thi! 'tha 'riaghladh fhreasdalan Dean mar is maith 'n ar ciiis. — Do thoil ro naomha dh'iarradh sinn, A dh' iocadh dhuit-sa cliii ; Is deònaich ann ad f habhar dhuinn Gu 'm faigh sinn fàth ar ruin : — • Bhi cuideachd anns an fhasach so An gràdh 's an comunn caorah. 2nd October, 1869. LiLIDH NAN ElLEAN. LEABHRAICAEAN URA GAILIG. Laoidhean eadar-theangaichte o'n Bheurla. Air an cur a mach an Glaschu le G Mac-na-Ceàrdadh, 62 Sràid Earraghàidh. eil. 'S leòir sealltuinn ris a' clilàr-iunsidh air son cliii choitchinn an Leabhair so f haotainn a mach. Tha a' chuid as •Bho'n earrainn so tuisidh an leughadair gur h-e "Mac Choinnich mòr Chinn-tùile " is ceanncinuidh do Slhàiri; agu3 nach còrdadh e lis an Fhin uasail sin an ribhinn sheirceil ud f haioinn air a mealladli ie coigreach mar bha JS'iall. mo de na Laoidhibh air an eadar- theangachadh le "laoich mhòr ainmeil na Gàihg," an t-Olla Urr. T. MacLeòid nach maireann, an t-Olla I. MacLeòid 's a Mharairne, an t-Urr. G. Clèireach an Cille-mhàilli, ainmean a tha urras- ach air fiach nan Laoidhean. Tha iad air an cur ri chèile air son a bhi air an seinn ('s e sin dòchas an fhir-chruinn- eachaidh) ann an aoradh follaiseach maille ri bhi feumail ann an aoradh teaghlaich. Tha na Gàidheil cho leanallteach air cleachdaclh, 's gu sòn- ruichte 'nuair a tha iad 'ga mheas ceart, 's gu 'm bheil eagal oirnn nach h-ann air son an fheum ud a's mo a dh' iarradh iad sealbh air an Leabhar. Gidheadh tha iad gu nàdurra gràdhacli air ceòl ; agus tha sinn cinnteach gu 'm faigh iad ann an so Laoidliean tarbhach agus beathail air an eadar-theangach- adh agus air an sgriobhadh gu snasail. Tha "Bho bheanntan reòta Ghreen- land" le Mr. MacPhaidein f ior mhaith, — ruithteach agus litireil. Tha sinn a' deanamh gnè riaghailt de bin a cunnt- adh nam mearachdan (ma bhitheas aon idir ann) a gheibh sinn air da thaobh- duilleig gach Leabhair ùir, do bhrigh 'sgu'm bheil e iomchuidh dhuinn a bhi cho feumail 'sa tha e 'nar n-urrainn do sgriobhadh coimhlionta na Gàilig. Cha 'n 'eil sinn 'g ar meas feln coimh- lionta ni 's mo na mòran eile. 'S e am modh seasmhach a tha sinn a' cur f ' ar comhair, am modh sgriobhaidh a tha air a chleachdadh anns na Deasachaidh- ibh a' s feàrr de'u Bhiobull, agus a bha air a mheas ceart leis na h-Ollaibh Stiùbhart, Smith, isMacAoidh; — seadh, 's iad sin na priomhbhunabhasa coit- chionn ris an do gha bh iadsan. A thaobh nan Laoidhean so tha iad air an sgriobh- adh guro-chothroraach; 'sairidli amfear- cruinneachaidh air cliii. Gidheadh air an ceud thaobh-duilleig a bhàrr air nithibh teagmhach eile gheibh sinn am focal "dhleasnais" air a mhi-litireach- adh; bu choir, a rèir guè fuaim na cainute, da n a bhi ann. A ris air an 88 AN GAIDHEAL. Dara Mios an t-Samhraidh, duilleig mu dheireadh glieibli sinn "amhuinn" air a mlii-litireachadh ; 'se b a bu cliòir a bhi 'n aite m gu bhi 'deanamli athaiTachaidh eadar i'iver agus "àmhuimi," furnace. 'S ann air Son sgriobbadli iia cànaine a bhi coimh- lioiita agus aon-cbruthach a tha sinn a' toirt nau nithean so fainear. SEACHD COIREACHAN A TA CUMANTA.   uallach nam fliinean, Tc cnap air muineal, Glog air sitig, Pi()i)aire na totach, ach, To bheag; odhar i An dorus a sabhail fòin, Na sir 's na seachain. I I Leabh.] TREAS MIOS AN T-SAMHRAIDH, 1872. [5 Air. MU NA SEANN GHAIDHEIL. Mu thoiseach na seachdamh linne blia ceithir fineachan a chòmhnuidh aa taobh tuath Bhreatainn : b' iad sin na Ficti, na Scoti na Breatannaich agus na h-Anglaich no na Goill. B'iad na Picti, 'bu lionmhoire agus 'bu treise dhe na fineachaibh so. Bha ceann tuath na h-Alba gu h-iomlan aca tuath airCluaidh agns caolas na Friu ach a mbàin Earr- aghàidheal a bha aig na Scoti. Bha na Scoti an seilbh air Earraghàidheal agus He maille ri pairt de'n Eilean Mhuileach agus Eileanaibh beaga eile. — Bha na Breatannaich an Strath-Chluaidh agus an Dun-Breatann agus an ceann an iar- dheasna h-Alba. — Agus bha na h-Aììg- laich anns an tir gu deas air caolas na Friu ris an abairteadh Braighnich (Bernicia) leis na seann Bhreatannaich, dùthaich a tha nis 'deanamh suas siorramachdan Haddinqtoin, Dhun- Eidinn agus Linn-Liobhainn, ris an abrar gu coilchionn na tri Lothianan maille ri Bericick agus Roxburgh, fearann a choisiiin iad leis a' chlaidh- eamh o na Picti mn 'n bhliadhna a.d. 547 'n uair a thàiuig "Ida nam bratach teine" le 'chuid Ghall do thaobh Deas na h-Alba. B' e so cend theachd nan Gall, no nan coigreach o Lochlainn agus o'n Ghearmailt gu tuineachas a ghabhail anns an dùthaich. Tha sliochd nan Gall so a' chòmhnuidh anns an tlr ud gus an la an diugh. Is ann a N'orth- umherland an Sasunn a thàinig iad a stigh do thaobh Deas na h-Alba. B' àbhaist cogadh a bhi aig na Gaiil Anglach so ris na Pictich niu thimchioll an fhearainn, agus bha aca chath fuil- teach aca air 20mh la de'n Mhàigh, a.d. 686, aig Linne Gharhhain ann an Siorramachd Aonghais, anns an do choisinn na Gaidheil Phioteach a' bhuaidh agus an do mharbhadh Eg/rid mac Oswy righ nan Gall Sasiinnach maille ris a' chuid dhe 'armailt. B' e Bruidhe a bha 'n a righ air na Picti aig an am sin, agus bha uachdaranachd aige thairis air Eileanaibh Arcaimli. Mu thimchioll da fhichead bliadhna an deigh sin a.d. 729, thàinig Aonghas Mac Fhearghais gu bhi 'na righ 'bu mho agus 'bu chumhachdaiche a bha am measg nan seann righrean Gàidhealach. Cheann- saich e gach aon de na Cinn-fheadhna ris an abairteadh righrean beaga 's au am sin, agus thug e iad fo gheill da fein mar an "t-Ard-righ" ni's mo na b' àbhuist doibh a bhi roimhe sin. Mu'u bhliadhna 733 chaidh e a chogadh ris na Scoti an Earraghàidheal, cheannsaich e dùthaich Latharna agus Chapadail, agus thug e na Scoti fo chis do fein, .agus chur e aon de a theaghlach fein d'am b'ainm Aodhan 'na righ os ceann na tire sin. Theirear "Righ Albainn" ri Aonghas leis na seanachaidhibh Eir- ionnach, agus gun teagamh b' esan 'bu treise agus 'bu chumhachdaiche de na seann righribh agus is e a leag steidh na Rioghachd Albannaich mar a dh'fhàs i suas ann an linnibh an deigh sin. Thog e Eaglais ann an Cillrimhin agus mar an ceudna an àitibh eile, agus chuir e an rioghachd aige fein fo chùram Naomh Aindreis agus mar onoir do 'n Naomh so chuir e air leth moran de mhaoin aimsir- eil mar bheathachadh do na h-Eaglais- ibh a thog e. Mu 'n bhliadhna 794 thòisich na Lochlannaich o thuath air taomadh a 108 AN GAIDHEAL. TrewMios an t-Samhr^dh, 1872 stigh air Eileanaibh na Gàidhealtachd, agus loisg iad I-Chalaim-chille, agus mharbh iad tri fichead agus ochd man- ach no pears'-Baglais ami an I-Chaluini- chille. Thac'hair an gniomh oillteil so anns a' bliliadlina 800, agus air an aobbar sin cliuir Cusantin Rigli nam Picteach snas Eaglais mhòr ann an Duu-Chailein mar Phrlomh Eaglais na Rioghachd. B' e Cusantin so ogha Aongbais Mine Phearghais rigb nam Picti, agus tliug e moran fearainn do Eaglais Dbun-Cliailein. B' e so an rigb ris an abradb am bard anns an Duan Albannacb "An Curai calma Cusantin." Fhuair e bàs mu thimcbioll na bliadhna 820 agus rioghaicb Aongbas a bbràtbair 'n a àit', oir b'e an seann lagb Albann- aca gun tigeadb am bràtbair an àite bràtbar. An deigb sin tbàinig a uibac fein agus mac a bhratbar gu bbi'nan righribh, agus 'u uair a mharbh na Lochlannalch mac a bhratbar fhuair mic Bhargoid, a phiuthav, an rioghachd, fear an deigh fir. B' e ainm a' cheud aoin Fearchar agus ainm an fhir eile Bride na Bruidhe. 'Nan deigh-san do bhrigh gu'n do theirig nah-oighreachan firionnach air na seann Righribh Pict- each fhuair Coinneach Mac Ailpein righ nan Scoti an Earragbàidheal an riogh- achd a chionn gu 'm b' esan an t-oighre dligheach. {Ei leaniuinn.) D. B. B, OISBIN: A LINN AGUS A BHARDACHD. (air lkantuinn.) Tha ioghnadh mòr air ioniadh neach gu 'in blioil bcusau cho niàlda, stuama ann an dàin Oisein, agus gun iomradh uir bith aiinta air an Dia 'tha uile- chumhachdach. Bithidh e furasda an ni dragliail so a roiteacliadh le bhi a' cuimhneachadh gu 'n robh na Gàidlieil re iomadh bliadhna agus ginealach air an teagasg leis na Druidhibh subhailc, gearanuidh. Clia'nedaoine cealgach, saobh-cbràbhach a bha annta mar chunnaic sinn cheana. B' ann doibh- san a thigeadh e luadh a dheanamh air nithean naomha. B' e so dreuchd is dleasdanas nan Druidheau. Is ann eadardhealaichte gu raòr bho so a bha seirbheis nam filidhean ceolmhor, mor ghaisge nan triath, is euchdan eireachd- ail nan daoine meamnach a db' eug 'sa choisinn dachaidh nam fiath, a sheinn ann an rannan foiinmhor, ceileireach a chum treubhantas eiridiun ann an anam gach laoich, agus brosnuchadh a thoirt seachad ann an garbh-chunnart nan sleagh ; b'e so gairm is dreuchd nan Bard. Tha Oisein, ma ta, a' coimhlionadh gu fior àbhaist nam filidhean Gàidhealach 'n uair tha e a' seachiiadh gach smuain chràbhaicb, ged b' e so fiamli a bu dealraiche agus sgeadachadh a b' àille snuadh a b' urrainn do smuaintean àrda 's do dhàin rahòrail a chaitheamh. Ach is i a' cheist a's mo a thog de bhruailleau ann an iiiiitinnean nan Sas- unnach 's nan Gall, "Cionnus a thàinig dàin cho lìonmhor agus cho fada ri dàin Oisein a nuas troimh cheò is troimh dhorchadas nan linntean?" Ged dh' aid- icheamaid gu'n do rioghaich Fionnghal an talla nan sonn, agus gu'n grad-eireadh na laoich mu'n cuairt, 'ii uair a ghlac- adh e sgiath cbaomhail 'n a làimh 's a chluinnteadh sgreadh na màiUe cruaidhe, cionnus a b' urrainn do dhàin nan treua snamh gu tcaruinte thairis air ceo is dorchadas nam bliadhnachan Hatha? Tha rabran gun teagamh a' crochadh air a' cheist so. Chunnaic sinn cheana gu h-aitbghearr cia mar a d' eirich deal- achadh am measg nan Gàidheal, agus a bha gach claim a' leaiituinn 's a' toirt ùmhlachd do 'n ceannard no'n ceann- feadhna fein, oir bha iad uile a giùlan an aon sloinnidh. Cha d' fliàs gnth nam Bard tosdach an dcigh do Oisein imcachd gu talla nan niall. Bha aig gach clann Bard doibh fein. Is ann bho ghaisgich na Foinue 'bha iad uile deònach a bhi 'tarrniug an slnnsearachd. ]}u mhòr am meas a bha iad a' cur air brain na Fcinne, agus bha Treas Mìos au t-Samhraidh, 1872. AN GAIDHEAL. 109 na Baird min-eòlach air dàiii Oisein, Cha robh ni cho comasach air snnnd is aighear is greadhnachas a dhùsgadh ri caismeachd nan treun-Iaoch ann an am spealtadh nan donn-sgiath. Bhitheadh na Baird ann am meas mor mar so, agus bhitheadh iad dealasach ann an òrain na Feione ionnsachadh gu poncail. Bha am mac a' leantninn an athar anns an dreuchd so. Ach feudaidh neach feòraich, "Ciamar a b' urrainn do innt- inn neach air bith cuimhne a ghleidheadh go cinnteach neo-mhearachdach air dain CO fadaf" Anns an latha anns am bheil sinne beo, tha e da rlreadh duilich duinn breth chothromach a thoirt air comas na h-inntinn 'n uair a tha e air a char ga dùbhlan air a'mhodh so. Feum- aidh sinn co dhiu, aideachadh gu 'm fas a' chnimhne ui 's feàrr is ni 's treise le cleachdainu. Bha na Baird o thus an làithean a' saoithreachadh ann an rannan nan sean-laoch ionnsachadh. B' e so a b' obair doibh, agns cha 'n iongantach ged bhitheadh iad fileanta ann an rannan nan sean-laoch a sheinn. Cha do thionail fòs, dorchadas co neulach, doilleir air Albainn 's a chòmhdaich rìoghachdan eile rè ùine co fada. Cal- um-cill cràbhach agas manaich lona — cha d' rinn iadsan tàir no dimeas air dain Oisein. Chum iad lòchran iùil is soluis, is eòlas a loisgeadh agus a sgaoil- «adh gathannan greadhnach ann an dùthchannan elle. Cha'n'eil an smuain gun bhunchar gu 'n do sgriobh iad sios na dain a bha air an seinn le mòran, agus gu 'n do chuidich iad no sgeòil a dh' aithris Oisein o am o ao'is aiseag a nuas thar stuadhan ciar-ghlas nan linn- tean. Thàinig, mar so, làithean a ohaidh thairis a nuas, 's chaidh cuimhne a chur air am nan triath, nan seod, nam flath is threun ghasda nan gniomh. Ann an oidheachan fada a gheamhraidh, am feadh a bha teine aoidheil a' deanamh teach nan Gàidheal sunndach is aireamh mhor mu thimchioll, is iad dain Oisein is moladh na Fèinne a bu chulaidh shùgraidh do 'n chuideachd bhlàth- chridheach a bha an làthair. Cha robh teagamh air bith acasan mu dheibhinn Oisein is na Feinne. An deigh dhuinn na h-uiread a ràdh mu dheibhinn Oisein fear-iùil nan ceud agus fear-togail cliù mu mhac nan trean, tha sinn uUamh gu ni no dha a chur an ceill mu thimchioll Sheumais Ic-a'- Phearsaian, a dh' eadartheangaich bàrd- achd na Feinne. agus a shaor i gu bràth bho sgleò na di-chuimhne 'bha teàrnadh thairis oirre. Ged a b'eiginn da sgiath bhallach iomchar agus comhraga bheum- adh an aghaidh cruth Loduinn nan gorm lann, cha bhitheadh a chàs agus a shuidheachadh mòran ni bu chruadal- aiche na bha e, 'n uair a dh' èixùch feachd 'na aghaidh a' cur nithean uamhasach as a leth. Is e Mac Fhear- ghuis a bha rithist 'n a fhear-teagaisg i ann an oil-thigh Dhùneidinn, a dh' innis \ do Honie 's iad 'nan oileanaich le chèile, ! gu 'n robh air feadh na Gàidhealtachd ! bàrdachd mheasail, dhreachmhor a thainig a nuas o aois a dh' aom. Bha Mac-a'-Phearsainn 'n a oide-foghloim ann an teaghlach duine uasail d' am b' ainm Grahame faisg air Dùneidinn. Thachair gu 'n d' thainig Home an rathad. Bha seanachas aige ri Mac-a'- Phearsainn, agus thug e air cuid de dhàin Oisein eadartheangachadh dha. Chunnaic Home air ball àilleachd is cireachdas nan dan, agus nochd e iad do dhaoinibh foghluimte ann an Duneidinn, Mhosgail cridhe caoimhneil, faoiUdh an Ollaimh Bhlàirich le ioghnadh, agus ghabh e Mac-a'-Pheavsainn air làimh. Cho-èignich iad an Gàidheal bochd gu cuairt a ghabhail air feadh eileauan is tir mor Albainn, cham 'sgu'n cruinn- ieheadh e na dain a b' urrainn e a thrus- adh. Bhuin iad gu càirdeil fial ri Mac- a'-Phearsainn; agus shoirbhich leis gu maith 'na thurus. Thruis e moran dhan air a shlighe. Fhuair e cuid mar an cendna sgriobhta, agus sgriobh e fein no iadsan a bha maille ris, moran eile bho aithris nan Gàidheal blàth-chridh- each d'am bu tlachdmhor dain nau 110 AN GAIDHEAL. it-Samhraidb,187^ gaisg;each a sheinn. Le deifir mhoir tlieangaich e na dàin a fbuair e, bho agus chliùiteich dh' eadartlieangaich e"n t-ionmhas mòr dliàn a chruinnich e. Buiuiilh gii dlighcach do gach Gàidlieal teo-cliridlieacb aig am bheil meas is suiin do f liocail blilàtha nam Bard a cliaidli a labhairt ri gaisgich gun luheang agus a dhùisgeadh le 'm foun am blàr, ainm Sheumais Mhic-a'-Phearsainu a ghleidh- cadh air chuimhne le spois is mòr-urram. Chaidli Alac-a'-Phearsaiun fa dheoidh a Lunnuiun, chum gu'n cuireadli e obair a Bhàird Ghàidhealaicli anu an uidbeam, agus gu 'u clò-bliualadh e i, air dha a h-eadartbeangachadli a db'ionnsuidh na Beurla. Am feadb a bba e dlcbiollacb anus a' gbniorah so, dh' eirich comhstri dhian niu dheibhinn Oisein. Dh' fhàg Mac-a'-Phearsaiuu ua dàin a db' eadar- theangaicb e 'n am priomh staid, mar thionail e feia iad anns a' GhàidheaU tachd, a chum cotbrom a tboirt do gach neacb leis am b' àill, a' cbuis a rana- sacbadh air a shon fein. Tbaom stoirm ghuineach mu 'cbeanu. Chuir iad as a letb gu'm b'e fein a b' ùgbdair do ua dàin a bba e 'g ainmeachadh air Oisein. Bhitlieadb e 'n a ni anabarracb iongan- tacb gu'n racbadh Bard air bitb a shir- eadb ainm am measg nan Gàidbeal a bba cbeana cian 'n an ciar tballa fein, an tratb a bba iomadb combarradh agus dearbhadb aige, gu'n coisneadb e cliù a bu mb() le bbi 'g an aideachadb e fein. Chaidli buidbeann a ròghnachadh a cbura an ni so fbuasgladh le bbi a' deanamb rannsacbaidh am measg nan Gàidbeal a dh' fbeucbaiun an robh aithne aca air Oisein 's air an Fbcinn. Bba na daoine lionmhor a bba mineòlacb air conibtbioual nan sgeul a bba ann, agus air mòr gbaisgeFbionngbailjOscair, agus Gbuill an garbh-mbeaghar a' cliruaidli cbòmbraig, nach cuala riarab iomradh air Mac-a'-Pbearsainn no air a lucbd-tuailein. Ma bba Mac-a'-Pbear- -ainn calma, uaibbreach agus àrdanacb, cba b'anu gun aobbar. Rinn e seirbbis niliaitli do Oisein. Tha e duilieh beachd ii tboirt air an dòigb anns an d'eadar- nach 'eil iad a nis air sgeula ; gidheadb tha combarradh againn an sud agus an so a tha a' dearbhadb gu soilleir nach robh e comasach dùsan molaidbean sil Sheallamai nan curaidb nach b' fhann, a dbealbb air tiis. Gidheadb, aidichidh gach neacb a leugh obair Mbic-a'-Pbear- sainn, gu'n robh inntinn foin fileanta agus bàrdail ann an tomhas mòr. Tha mi a' saoilsinn nach 'eil e comas- ach do neacb a steidbeacbas aire gu dùracbdacb air Oisein 'sair a bh?ird- achd, agus air gach ni a tha a' comh- arracbadb nan làitbean anns an do mbosgail e farum nad tend anu an talla rlgb nan triatb o shinnsearan mora a mhouaidh, — gun aideachadb gu'n do sheinn Oisein 's gun do tbog righ Sheallamai 'n a aonar a lamli (Ri leantuinn.) le feart. CONA. L AOID H LE H. BONAR. Chuala mi guth los' ag ràdh Thig thugam is eabh fois; Leag SÌOS air m' uchd do cheanu 'stu sg'itb Leag sios e 's bi aig clos; Chum losa thi'iinig mar a bha, Sgiih, claoidhte, agus trom. Is fhuair mi annsan ionad tàimh Is chuir e mi am foun. Chuala mi guth los' ag ràdh Feuch bheir mi seach gu saor Do dh' uisge beò, crom sios is òl Aig tobar àigh nach traoigh. Chum losa thàinijj agus dhV)! Do 'ii t-sruthiui bheò nach gann ; Bha m' iota caisgt' is m' anam dhùisg Is beatha, th' agam aun. Chuala mi guth los' ag rùdh Is mise soills' an t-saogh'il; Seal lium, 's a' mhaduinn dealraidh ort, 'ydo ià bidh ge;il a chaoidli. Hi losa sheail mi agus thuair Annsan mo reult, 'smo glin'an; 'San t-solus bheò sin giuaisidh mi Gu deireadli làitli mo tliriall. Eadar-theau^aichte le R. B. Tri'as Mios an t-Samhraidh, 1872. AN GAIDHEAL. lU CANADA ^ Air leantuinn o "Chuairtear nan Gleann.") i Tha sinn leis na leaiias a' crioclmacli- ! adh na bha a^rainn ri thoirt o "Chuairt- nadur an fhuinn, nàdur na dùthcha 's an dòigh a' s feàrr gu ciuneachadh, agus gu àite fhaotaiiin dlioibb fein. Tha sinn 'ga innseadb mar fhirinn gu'm bheil daoine 'san duthaich sin ear nan Gleann" mu dheidhinn laig nach robb aona i:)heigbiun an latha Chauada. Tha nis deich bliadhna thar 1 'chaidh iad air tir gun sgod gun ionn- fhicheado'n chaidh so a sgriobhadh, sachadh; ach stuama, riaghailteach, ach tha gach. focal dheth a cheart cho ' seasmbach, saotbaireach, agas ann an freagarrach an diugh 's a bha e an uair I ceanu tri bbadhua, aig an robb leth- sin. Ma tha atharracliadh 's am bith i dusan mart, mucan. eunlaitb agus a 's a' chilis 'sann ni's feàrr agus ni's'h-uile goireas a b' urrainn doibh iarr- fàbharaiche air son an fhir iomruich. | aidh. Ma thogras duine air bith an Cha mhòr gu 'm bheil ceàrn de 'n duthaich an diugh anns nach faighear ainm fheòraich, bheir sinn doibli an ainm 's an sloinneadh agus an t-àit' a^ pailteas de 'n fhearann a's feàrr (a. tha I an d' fhalbh iad o chcann ghoirid air 'fhosgladh a mach) sanr agus a nasgaidh. Theagamh 's gu 'm faod so tuiteam an lamhaibh iomadh neach do nach bi e comasach ceud àireanihan a' "Ghàidh- eil" fhaicinn, tha sinn a cur sios an so beagan de 'n bha 'sa' "Ghàidheal" roimhe so. Ach co dhiii "fuilgidh an sgeula math 'innseadb da uair:" — " Gun teagamh airbith 's i soan duth- aich a's freagaraiche do Ghàidheil dol, a tha 'cur rompa tir an athraicbean fhagail. Cha 'n 'eil cosnaiche slàn, fallain a tha eòlach air obair, agus toil- ladsan is urrainn beagan airgid a thoirt leò, na cheannaicheas tiehead no leth-cheud acair, agus is urrainn pòr agus eairneis-tighe a cheannach, agus an teaghlaichean a chumail suas fad da no tri bhliadhnachan, cha 'u 'eil duthaich 'san t-saoghal anns an asa do neach de 'n t-seòrsa so t'iridh o cheum gu ceum gu cothroni àrd, na ann an Canada : 's e sin ma chuireas e mach a clmid airgid Ic faicill agus aire. Neach air bith is urrainn ceud, no da cheud punnd sasunnach a thoirt leis, agus a chuireas a mach e ann am fearann le each obair a dheanamh nach faod fear- ! tur, cha 'u eagal da, 's eigin gu 'n (^'iricli ann saor a bbi aige dha fein ann am e gu cothrom agus gu saoibhreas. Ach fior bheagan bhliadhnachan, agus a bhi tha mòran a dol thairis do America cho cothromach, socrach, 's a 's miann agus do chearnaibh eile, nach d' rinn leis, ged nach 'eil peighinn air a sbiubh- 1 maith riamh 'nan duthaich fein — 's cha al, ma bheir e 'n aire dha fein; 's maimhòani iad math ann an duthaich tha e glic grunndail, faodaidh e chur eile. 'Sminic a chuala sinn "Am fear cixl a làimhe an ceann tri no ceithir a a tha carrach 's a' bbaile bhos bidli e bhliadhnachan na chuireas 'n a chomas carrach 's a' bhaile ud thall :" am fear àite seasgar fhaotainn da fein agus a athaleisglùnndachau Albuinn, 'snach ràdh: "'Tha mi nis air mo dhiinan fein do sboii'bbich an so, cha 'mho theid a' agus feuch co a chuireas dheth mi !" ladsan aig nacli 'eil airgiod r'a thoirt leò, ach a tha 'dol a mach mar luchd- oosnaidh, cbomhairlicheamaid iad a dh' fhalbh trath 's a' bhliadhna, a cheud chosnadh math a thachras orra ghabhail, iad a bhi foighidneach, seas- mbach, fuireach 'nan luchd-oibre 's'nan h gus an tug iad gu math chhis leis thall. Tha seòrsa do dhaoine 's a' Ghàidhealtachd 'tha'curseachad a' chuid a's fearr d' an làithean ann an amaideachd — sealgaireachd air mon- adb, gunnaireachd air cladacb — le abbagan 'u an deigh air tòir bhèisde dubba, chat-fhiadhaich agus shionn- acb; a' luingearachd air ÌDbàtaichean, ag òl leth-bhodach an so 'sletb-bhodacli 112 AN GAIDHEAL. TreM>IlosMit-8*mhr idh,1872 an sud, nach diiraichd an lj\mli a chur ri obair air bith, mur gabli iad ràchdan feòir car tiota 's an fhogharadh, no speal car treis 'sa' mhaduinn — a clieann- chas air uairibh gambain firionn an sud 'san so — leth dhuin-ua.sal agus letli- dliròbbair — 'na fhleasgach air gach banai.s — a tbogas oran math, agus a dhannsas gu gasda, agus an sin a phòsas. Tha a' bbochduiun a' tighinn gu grad air — 's eiginn dol do America no do Australia. Nis deir sinn riii so ann an clàr an aodainn, cha 'n i sin an dùthaich idir a fhreagras doibhsan; cha'n'eil Canada a' toirt mil as bainne do gach neach gun saothair, mar a bha tir na h-Eiphit o shean. Tha cuid a dhaoine mar gum biodh duil aca gu 'n robh Spain airgid air a cur an làimh gach neach 'nuair ruigeas e tir chein — agus nach 'el dad aige r'a dheauamh ach suidhe sios, ithe agus 61, agus a bhi subhach. Cha 'n ann mar sin idir. Do 'n duine eusgaidh stuama, shaoth- aireach, dheanadach, cliruadalacli, tha Canada, 'n àite math ; ach do'n lunn- daire cha 'n eil ann àite 's miosa. Tha i: 'toirt droch ainm air America-]nu- thuath, agus do cheàrnaibh eile, gu bheil mòran a' dol ann nach cinnich- eaclh ann an ait air bith. Chunnaic sinn an diugh fèin mòran fhigheadair- ean (tha a' chùis air atharrachadh bbo 'n chaidh so a sgriobhadh, gheibh eadhon an seòrsa so fhein pailteas de 'n obair nis 'n robh iad cleachda an Canada an diugh) amhuinntirGhlaschu a' falbh le 'u teaghlaichean, agus bu bliochd an sealladh e — daoine nach nrrainn ruamhar no cur no cliathadh — daoine nach do laimhsich tuadli, no tàl, no speal, no corraii riabh — am basan co min ris an t-sioda — daoine bochda lag, nacli gearradh dithis diubh craobh ann an seachduin, nach b' nn*ainn aon oidhche chur seachad fo fhasgadh creige gun bhi air am meil- eachadh le fuachd; agus mnatlian bochda fann leò, nacli do chuir cas air cuibhle riabh, nach do bhleodhain mart o 'n hm an d' rugadh iad. Co cinnt- each 's a dh' f halbh iad so, 's ann gu bochduinn agus truaighe ni 's miosa na dh' ihhg iad. Tha iomad ni is coir dhoibhsan air a' bheil miann dol thairis, a thoirt leò, ach do na h-uile nithe 's e ni a's priseala 's urrainn duine thoirt leis do 'n àite sin no do dh' àite eile, d^'agfh hhean. Tha so 'na bheannachadh mòr anns gach dùthaich, ach as eugmhais mnà maith ann an tir iir do 'n t-seòrsa so, "s gann gu bheil e comasach do neach. cinneachadh na oiridh gu cothrom. 'S i luideag bhochd uasal, chuideil, leisg, spòrsail do mhnaoi, te nach cuir a làmh lis gach fearas-tighe 'thig 'na rathad, an aona chlach-thuislidh a's miosa 's urrainn teachd an slighe duine san àite so. — Xa mnathan sin a thogadh gu h-uasal, feadhain eile 'freasdal doibh, a chleachd aodach riomhach agus Ion sòghail, 'n an sineadh air uir- ighean sioda, a' leughamh leabhraich- ean, le 'n lamhainean geala leathraich air am basan mine — b' e 'n amaidcachd do dlmine le gòraig chuideil do'n t-seòrsa sin dol do thir ùir : bha e cho math dha dol do'n choille le cloich- mhuilinn m'a mhuineal. 'Si a' bhana- choisniche sgairteil, thapaidh eusgaidh, an t-aon ni a's priseala 's urrainn duine thoirt leis — 's luachmhoire i so na a cudthrom do dh' or — td gun uaill gun stràic, is urrainn a bhi aighearach simndacl), ged nach 'eil e comasach dhi dol air chcilidh o thigh gu tigh — to a laimhsicheas, ma 's eiginn e, caipe no gràp, no coran no tuadh, a bhleòdhnas bò, a ni 'n t-im 's an càise, a bheath- aicheas mucan agus eunlaith, a spcalgas connadh ma 's diginn, agus a leagas craobh. 'S iomad ni is eigin do mhnaoi i mhaith an tuathanaich ann an Canada a dheanamh. Imridh i bhi eùlach air siucar agus siabunn, coinnlean, aran, agus ionia ni eile, gun tighin air clàd- adh agus suiomii. 'S eiginn di bhi eòlacli air feòil agus iasg a shailleadh — tha e feumail gu 'm bi i eòlach air Treas Mice an t-Samhraidh, 1872. AN GAIDHEAL. 113 clò agus aodach a dhath ann an giairm- ean, màdar no scarlaid, gu 'n luaidh i e ; gu 'n geàrr i e, gu 'm fuaigh i, cha 'n e ambain cota-bàn as clia'-beag dhi fein, acb aodacb do na caileagan agus do na balacbain, acb 's èiginn gu 'n cum, gu 'n geàrr 's gu' m fuaigb i briog- ais d' a fear, agus cota-mòr agus osain ; ann an aon fbacal gu 'm bi i cosmbuil r'a sin-seanmbair, comasacb air a lamb a chur ris gacb ni. 'S èiginn gu 'm bi i aoidheil cridbeil, gun gbruaim gun ghearan ged nacb robb cupa tea r' a fbaotainn, no aran cruineacbd, acb gabbail mar a tbig. An duine aig a bheil bean de 'n t-seòrsa so, ma tba e fein mar bu cbòir dba, 'n a cbosnaicbe math, a' gearradb cbraobb, a rèiteacb- adb an fhearainn, a' ruambar, a' cur 'sa' cliatbadb; ma cbi e scan aois, cbi se e fein ann an cotbrom air nacb ruig fear-cosnaidh gu dilinn 's an kite so. Tba b-uile pàisde mar tbig e air agbart 'n a cbulaidb-stòrais da, 'n a bbuaun- acbd agus 'na bheannacbd. Ma tba'n teagblach so cuimbneacb air an Dia, ag iarraidb a bheannacbd, a' cur onoir air a latba naomb, air 'òrduigbean naomh, is sona iad; bithidh piseach an dèigh an saotbaireach, bidh beannacb- adh Dbè fo aon fbàrdaicb leò. Bidb piseach air an fhirean choir, Mar pbailm-chrann ùrar glas; Mar sbeudar àrd air Lebanon, A' fas gu direacb bras. LITIR RUNASDACH. Fhir mo Chridhe, Thàinig an Gàidheal coir a stigh an latha roimhe is theid mise an nrras gu ^n deachaidh furan fuilte a chur air. Agus cha "n ann ri brosgul no ri sotal a tha mi mar their mi gur h-aii idh e air fàilte chridh- eil fhaotainu aig gach cagailt far am bheil Giiidhlig air a labhairt is air a leughadh. Cha 'n 'eil mi ag ràdh gu 'm bheil e saor o mhearachd, no gu 'm bheil e air gach dòigh Cha'n aithne dhomhsa. N^'m biodh a leithid sin do ni ri 'fhaotainn, bhitheadh e am measg seachd iongantais an t-saoghail, agus b'fhiach e an t-saothair dol ni b'fhaide thar tri chriocha baile " gu 'fhaicinn. Tha mi an d(Schas air an aobhar sin ann an àite a bhi 'stri li coire fhaotainn, gur h-anu chuireas gach Gàidheal a ghualainn ris a' ghnothach gus an oidhirp chliiiiteach agaibh a dheanadh cho iomlan is a tha i comasach a bhi. Tha e air a chur as leth 'ur luchd diithcha, gu 'm bheil iad anabanach deigh- eil gu bhi a' cur buille air a cheile a thaobh sgoileireachd Gàidhlig. Tha e air a ràdh ma tha neach air bith aig am bheil a bheag do dh'eòlas air cànain aosda na h-Alba, gur & a' cheud fheum a ni e do 'n eòlas sin, tòis- eachadh air dearbhadh gu 'n robh gach neach riamh a sgiiobh Gàidhlig an toiseach air fein tur ceàrr. Nach robh e(Mas aca aon chuid air co-dhealbh na cànain no air a brigh, nach b' aithne dha a litireachadh no a cur gu snasmhor an eagan a chcile. 'Si so barail nan Sasunnach mu 'r deidhinn agua cha bheag a chulaidh spurs" a stiias cuid dhiubh a dheanadh mu 'n chilis. Is cha 'n fheud mi a radh nach 'eil beagan aobhar aca air son am barail. Ach tha mi ann an Ian dòchas nach bi an ni mar so ni 's f haide. is gu 'm faic sin gach Gkidheal cia be na bar- ailean a th' aige, a' leigeil dheth a bhi a smàdadh muiuntir eile, is le 'uile chomas a deanadh na dh' Ihaodas e gus an Gàidheal a dheanadh airidh air cànain agus cliii nan Finneachan. Tha fhios gu math "Gu'n saoil am fear a bhios 'na thàmh gur e 'lamh fein is f heàrr air an stiìiir'' Ach ni 's lugha na gu'm bheil a mhiann air am bàta a chur fodha, mar dean e cuideachadh, fanadh e 'n a thosd. a chum is nach cuir e maradh air an stiiiradair a tha 'deanadh a dhichill, gu na trast chuislean mealltach agus na cuart- agan taosgach, fhiaradh air gualainn is sliasaid na fleasgaivt, a iha mar fhaolan bhig a' leumnich 's a 'g eiiidh air barraibh caorach geal nan tonnan uaibhreach, cùl- ghorm. Tha mi an dòchas a Ghàidheil rùnaich gu 'n gabh sibh fein agus luchd- dùthcha mo ghaoil mo leth-sgeul air son labhairt air a mhodh so. Is tha fhios agam gu 'n dean sibh sin mar a dh' innseas mi dhuibh an t-aobhnr, Tha caraid fiachal agam anns a' bhaile, Cia iheal cho glan tiiinneach dileas 'sa sheas riabh air bait broige. Tha e, faodaidh sibh bhi cinnteach, iomlan. Ach c'àite am bheil an ni tal- mhaidh a tha saor o mhearachd no iomlan? I am measg luchd -leughaidh a' Ghàidheil; ach 114 AN GAIDHEAL. Treas MlosaB t-Sanihraidh, cosmhuil ri iomadh aon eile tha o anabarr- ach moiteil as an eùlas ìnhionaideach a tha aige air a' (jhàidhlig. Dh'aithiiich e co a sgriobh an litir a chuir mi gu'r n-ionnsuidh. Is ma dh" aitliuich, se nach do chaomhain an neach a sgriobh i. Cha robh coire fo "n bhrataidi nacb robh oine. Cha robh sid ceart is clia robh so ceart. Ach mar thug e fainear nach d' thug mi iomradh air a' "Chomunn Chòmhlach" chaidh e air bàin- idh uile gu Ic'ir. 'S ann do mhuinntir Chòmhail o fein, is tha e 's an lim bharail nach 'eil ceùrn eile 's an domhan mhòr oho maiseach ri Còmhal, no daoine GÌle air agh- aidh na ciuinne cho direach deas, is cho fearail treun ris ua Còmhlaich. Air an aobhar sin cha b' urrainn dha 'thuigsinn ciamar nach d'thug mi iomradh air a' chom- unn mheasail sin. Cha chuireadh ni no neach iompaidh air nach b' ann le h\n thoil a dh'f hiigadh a mach iad. Cha mhòr nach d'thug e an t-seichedhiom, 'gam chàineadh is 'gam smàdadh. "Thusa," ars' esan "a pgaoimire gun sgoinn ag gabhail ort fein fiosrachadh a thoirt mu gach comunn Giiidh- ealach 's a' bhaile, is a' chuideachd Chòmh- lach a dhearmad. Nach 'eil fhios aig a' h-uile duine ris an fhiach duine a radh gur h-e Còmhal gu ùraidh dùthaich na Fèinne. Nach ann air son achair Fliinn a chaidh an t-ainm Còmhal a thoirt air a cheàrn mhais- each sin do dh' Earraghaidheal? Nach 'eil so air a dhearbhadh gu soilleir le co liutha àite mu'n cuairt a'chladaicho Ard-na-tcine, gu Cill-Chatrina a tha air ainmeachadh air Fionn. Nach 'eil gach "Sron nam Fiann" gach ''Ardfhinn'' is "Fionabhacan" seadh is "Loch Fbinn'' fein (ris an abrar gu ceàrr a nis "Lochfiona,") a'dearbhadh chociiram- acli 's a bha Triath àrd na Fcaune, Fionn gun bheud, a' dion oighreachd athar. Is cha b' fhiach leàtsa a bhuimileir gun mhodh a ghabhail ort gu 'n robh a leithid do dh' àite ]"i Còmhal ann, no Comunn Cùmhlach auns a' bhaile." Ud, Ud, arsa mise, air d' athais a charaid chaoimh, nach f hada o'n a chualas "tuitidh an capuU coithir-chasach." Is ma bha an comunn agadsa gun iomradh air cha b'edimeas idir, ach di-aire a b' aobhar." "Di aire!" ars' esan. "An cualas a leithid?" "Ni air a chlò-bhualadh agus mearachdan de 'n t-seòrsa so aim! Nach bu choir do ni a tha air a chU\-bhualadh a bhi saor o gach mearachd, is mur 'eil a' chilis mar sin cha 'n f liiach o gnùis a thoirt dha. Is beag a ghabliainn is am Fear-deasachaidh a ruigheachd agus toirt air mochùig tasdain a thoirt air an ais dhomh, ni 's lugha na gu'n toir e dhomh a làmh nach bi an deigh so aon fhacal air a mhi-Iitireachadh. aon lide as a h-àite, no aon mhe rachd a' cur mi- mhaise air gnùis A' Ghàidheil" "Thalia, thalla, arsa mise, cha'n e ni faoin a dh'fhògh- nas leat, cha lugha na lùn iomlaineachd, ach tha eagal orm "gu'm bi a' choir mar a chumar i" — is tha mi l;\n bheachdaidh nach ann air taobh duilleagan A' Ghàidheil a mhàin a tha mearachdan ri am faotainn. Is theagamli gu 'm bheil cuid do na nithean a tha thusa a' cur sios mar mhearachdan ceart gu leòir, ged a tha t-eolas-sa cho neo- iomlan air a' Ghàidhlig is nach aithnich thu mar tha an gnothach ceart. Ciod an riagh- ailt ris am bheil thu a' tomhas an ni? Thn direach ri do bharail fein, agus nach f heud e bhi gu'm bheil barail neach eile a chearta cho fiachail ri do bharail-sa. Gabh mo chomhairle-sa ma ta, agus an àite a bhi 'strj ri mearachdan fhaotainn ann an obair muinntir eile, ma tha 'mhiann ort aobhar na Gà^dhlig, agus nan Gàidheal a sheasamh, cuir do ghualainn ris a' ghnothach is dean ua dh'fhaodas tu gus na mearachdan a chur ni 's lugha, is gus An Gàidheal a dheanadh ni 's fiachala, is theid mis an urras dhuit, nach e mhàin gu'm bi am Fear-deasachaidh jann ad chomain ach bheir gach neach aig am bheil gn\dh d'a dhùthaick 'sd'a chanaiu cliù dhuit. Ach na smaointich air del a thagradh nan cùig tasdain, oir tha Fear, deasachaidh A' Ghàidheil "ua dliuino geur- tapaidh a chunnfiic roinn mhath den t-saoghal is tha fhios aige ciod is ciall do "dh' eun an laimh." "Ma tha e geur, tap- aidh" fhreagair mo charaid, "bheir mise air gu 'n toir e do nàire asad-sa; ma 'se is nach sguir thu do bhi 'cur litiiichean g' ;x ionusaidh." Cha d' thubhairt mi fuin diog, ach smaointich mi gu 'n robh sin ni b' asa a radh na dheanadh, oir cha 'n 'eil e furasda nàire a thoirt as an neach aims nach 'eil i. Ach coma dh' f lialbh mo charaid ann an deagli sliaod is tha mi ficjsrach nach e a' chiad aon a thionndaidheas a chiil air A' Ghi'iidheal. Ach smaointich mi an doigh dha m' f hàgail, gu 'r h-ann mar sud a tha muinntir tuillidh is de orfa(V a thairgse do Dhrùbh- air-each Gàidhealach ma'n aidioheadh e an ddigh dlia each a bh' aige a reic fiiillinnean - an ainmhidh. Chaidh am botul 61, agus an sin thubhairt e nach robh ach da chron air an each. 'Nuair a leigte e niu sgaoil bha e duil- ich breilh air, agus 'n uair a gheibhte greim air cha robh feum 'sam bith ann. Altachadh EiRioNNACH OS ceann mir beag de fheòil bhruich agus griiinnin de bhuntb-ta beag:— O ihusa a bheannaich na builliim 'sna h-eisg Nis seall air a' bheagan 'tha'n so 'san dii mh^is; 'Sged nach 'eil na buntiita am meudachd ro mhòr Do na h uile an so biodh iad lionrahorgu leòr; Oir 's cinnteach gu'm biodh e 'namhiorbhuil as ùr Nan llonadh an cuibhrionn so dhuinnearbrù. AiR do shearmoin anabarrachdhiùidhteach a bhi air a toirt seachad ann an Eaglais a mach air an diithaich, thòisich an luchd èisd- eaclid uile air gal ach aon duine. Dh'fbeòr- aicheadh dheth-san, de mar a bha e cho cruaidh chridheach? Fhreagair e gur h-anu a bhuineadh esan do sg'ueaclid eile. Thuirt an dara seirbhiseach ri 'chompan- ach nach robh ach car mi-chùramach mu 'anam, "car son nach 'eil thu a' tasgaidh ionmhais duit fein ann an Nòamh?" "Car son? Dd am feum a tha ann a bhi a' gleidh- eadh ionmhais an sin far nach faic duine e gu briith tuilleadh." 'Si an dòigh a's feiirr a chum cridhe duine a dhaingneachadh anaghaidhsgainneilcreid- sinn gu'm bheil gach sgeul breugach nach bu choir a bhi fior. Bha da, uasal a' fliilteachadh a ch(5ile gij cridheil, 's'gam moladh fein air son cho stuama 'sa bha iad. "A nis, a charaid, am faca tu mise riamh," arsa aon diubh, i'l& barrachd 'sa b' urrainn mi a ghiùlan?" "O cha'n fhaca gu dearbh," ars' am fear eile; "ach shaoil leam iomadh uair gu'm b' fhelirr duit dol Ah. uair air toir na bha agad. Dh'thcoraich beanuasal aon uair d'a Lighiche co dhiù a bha snaosain oronail do 'a 124 AN GAIDHEAL. , Treas Mlogan »-Samhaidh, 1872^ fantbainn? "Cha'n'eil," ars' esan,"oir cha doghabhfearaiijan robh eanchainn snaosain riamh." Shevrmonaich ininistear ainmeil aon inbadiiinn o'n cheann teu-jrais?, ''Tha sibh 'n'ur clann aisr an I)ial)hul," agus an tloii;b inheadhon latha o na (acail, "A chlann, bith- ibh nmhal d' 'ur pJirantan " TiiiiRT an Ti-jhcania Mac Neill (Lord NelsDU) "bha mi a phniith teathramh na h uaireach roimh'n hin, agus rinn e duine dhinin." AN DROBHAIR Mac THAMHAIS.* So agail)h uaiu;h Phara Mhic Thhmbais, Drobbair GJi'lacb— baniis? jjun iocbd! I?ho'n Fhdillratbainn gus an Fhdill Mbiirt- ainn Lit cba bhiodb Paraiir fionnar bho'n dibh! Seacbnaibh a choluiiin a chnuimheagan ptiiteach Fòghnaidb a fJiileadh ga'r fhgail air mhisg! TiiA inntinn mhòr a' deanamh tàir air dioglialtas. Cha 'N 'eil esan nach gleidh run diomhair airidh air caraid a bhi aige. Na j)òs ach air son gaoii; ach thoir an aire nach gahh thu gaol ach aircuspair ionmhuinn. Cha'nc cuibhrionn beag de'n t sàtan a th' anns an neach a tha 'g ùrnuigh ri Dia agus a' lot a chòimhearsnaich. Tha firinn air a breith leinn; agus feum aidh sinn aineart a tlioirt d'ar nàdur mun rratb sinn dhinn ar grlulh do'n fhirinn. NAIDHEACHDAN. piiA Ard-Sheanaidliean na h-Eaglais Steidhichte amis na h-Eatilais Saoire cruinn aig an am àbhaisteacb an Duneidinn, — 's c sin an deireadli a" Cheitein agns an toiseach an Og mhios. 'S i aon de na Oeisdean a bii chudthromaiche a bha fan comhair, Ceisdan Fhòghluim. 'Sleir duinn gu'm bheil e 'nan rim uilc, lagh math air son fùgliluim riogh- achdail fhaotainn a dh' Alba; ach thaiad'gu math eadar-dhealaichte 'nam beachdan a thaobh a' chruth a bu choir a dh' Achd Pàr- hunaid air son f'-ghluim rioghachdail a ghabhail. Tha buidheann bheag anns an Eaglais Steidhichte aig am bheil an t-aon bheachd air a' phuinc ris an Eaglais Chlcir- *Hero lies Peter McTavish, A Highland Dmver. jind a terrible gavago. He was always drunk and never sober. From Fort-William in June, to Falkirk In Octobeit. Ye greedy worms beware cf his body. For 'twill make ynu drunk with whisky toddy.  cis (tax, tribute) tells the pronunciation of census. "Second argument is from words of a much more hoary antiquity, and which the Celtic has in common with the Aryan jaces. "The word for hundred, ceud, with Jc sound, throws light on Latin centum; so ceil (to hide) on Latin celo; cead (leave, per- mission) on Latin cedo. "Indeed, the Gaelic and Greek seem partial to the sharp k sound; for instance, the Greek Kluo and Gaelic cluas the (ear), a root in which the Sanscrit has shown symp- toms of weakness, passing klu over into sru, and the Slavonic tongues into slu, whence it comes that their national name slava (glory) is the analogon of the Greek Kleos and Gaelic cliu (fame). This second class of words, namely the primitive, afford an argument not so strong upon the par- ticular point in question as the later or loan-words, because it may be said that there is no dispute as to the original value of the Roman c, that it was like a k before e and i, as well as before a, o, u. The only doubt is as to whether, before the best period of their literature was over, the Romans did not soften it themselves. It is, however, an answer in point to say that those words that flowed into Gaelic before the Roman Empire perished, or about the period of its downfall, bear the mint of the hard pronunciation, and therefore we are entitled to conlude that that was the normal pronunciation at the time. Thus the Gael has retained in the fastnesses of the hills forms of words that have come down, at least, from the days of Galgacus.'' "I conclude with a gleaning of a few of what may be called the sporadic phenomena of Celtic, being chieHy concentrated in single words or roots, many of them of great sug- gestiveness, and throwing often a strange weird light over the darkness of the past. "How interesiing, for example, to know that the leader under whom the Gauls poured down upon Rome in 390 B.C. bore among the Romans the name of Brennus, and that this is still the word for " judge" and "judgement," Breitheanas, proving that the Gauls were under a social organisa- tion, where the office of a King was not so much to lead in war as to dispense judg- ment and administer justice It is strange to find the same name appearing also in the leader of the irruption into Greece a century later, down upon Delphi, a portion of which band afterwards became the occupants of Galatia, in the heart of Asia Minor. "Again, in the early history of England we meet with the name Vortigern or Verti. gem, as the King who called in the Saxons Can we doubt that we have in that word simply Fear-Tighearn, "the man who is Lord," which leads me to affirm that the great chief of Latin poetry has, like Vorti- gern, a Celtic name Virgiliusi "He belonged to the region of Gallia Cisalpina, and Zeuss says of the name, 'Nomen vix dubium gallicse originis.' It might be be hazardous to say what the ■gilius signifies, but of the vir- there can be no doubt, and the assurance is made all the surer by the old form Fer-gilius, to which the critics are now returning, which suits admirably the singular of the Celtic, fear (a man). "Besides the chief of Latin poetry, Zeuss hands over to the Celtic race tlie chiefs of Latin History, and Science: — 'Addo, _et Livius, et Plinius, nomina Gallica Italiae superioris.' " The Greek for man is aner and the noun for manliness (besides enoree and andria) is androtes. The a of the initial seems to be euphonic, and not part of the root : for the Sanscrit is without the a initial, nri, plural naras, "men." So the old Sabine speech, which, we are told, said Nero, 'fortis,' and Nerio, 'fortitudo.' "What says the Gaelic? Is there any 160 THE GAEL. Aug., 1872. word for man that will identify with anhr'i Not now, but there had been once, for the word for manliness is neart, which is, there- fore, an exact analo,'on in root and endin.L,' of androtts, when this last has been stripped of all accessories (a,d,-!s), and reduced to its simplest form (11,0). Even the rit^'id Curtius, who, to avoid the violation of certain pliil- ologic principles, will not allow us to identify the Greek thens with the Latin deus, admits the equation; l^eart = a)idrotijs. "Few thint^s in languaLje are more inter- esting than to know that Gaelic holds fellow- ship with Greek in its word for manliness, .•tnd with Latin in its name for man; Fear being similarly the equation of the Latin Vir. "In this high companionship I leave the Celtic tongue, and commend it, therefore, to your earnest study and investigation, on scientific as well as on patriotic grounds." very reasonable terms. The Govern- ment grant it to Set tiers for a small sum, and that sum can be paid during a course of years, by improving the roads to the Settlers' farms. The Highland (jrAELic Emigration Society started about thirty-three years ago, has now no existence. It was the means of bringing out a number of Highland families at the time. THE HIGHLANDERS OF NEW BRUNSWICK. We are indebted for the following interesting information regarding the Highlanders of New Brunswick to the Rev. Thomas Nicolson, Riper Charles, New Brunswick: — There are about 150 Highland families in this county, Resti- gouche, chiefly from the Island of Arran. They are generally in good circumstances. The greatest number of them came here from twenty-five to thirty years ago. A few have come occasionally since. There are about fifty or sixty families of Highlanders in Black River, Miramichi. There are besides these some hundreds of Highland families scattered up and down the pro- vince. There is now no Gaelic preaclied in New Brunswick, except one sermon by the Rev. Mr. MacMaster at the Communion Season. Some families of Highlanders left for California a few years ago. They have not bettered their circumstances, and all regret that they left. Highlanders generally do well in this province. There is an abundance of excelletit land unoccupied in our country. It can be obtained on THE HIGHLANDERS OF NORTH CAROLINA. To the Editor of "The Gael," Permit me to add a note of correct- ion to the Rev. John C. Sinclair's very- interesting account of the Highlanders of North Carolina which appeared in the .June number of "The Gael." When writing the names of Ministers who preached there iu tlie Gaelic Lan- guage, he omitted to mention the Rev. Dugald Crawford, from the Island of Arran, who, I am informed, went twice to North Carolina and remained there several years and preached in the Gaelic. Some of his Sermons were printed there and some were printed in Scotland; the first of his printed Ser- mons that came to my hand were six in number, printed uniform, the title of the first reads, — Searmon a chaidh a Uohhairt ag an Raft Swamp, (here follows a date in Gaelic) Le D. Craw- ford, Ministei\ FayetteriUe; printed by Rowlston & Sibley or Sidley, 1791. The second appearance from the press is entitled Searmon do Mhnai, and dated 1805, this Serujon was dedicated to Mrs M'Calister of Cour in Kintyre; and the third is a Farewell Sermon in the English preached in the parish church of Skipness, Ki ntyre, 1812. He afterwards settled in his native Isle of Arran and was appointed as parish Minister of Kilraorey, where he con- tinued till his death which happened about the year 1841. He w^\s drowned whilst getting out iu a small boat to Aug., 1872. THE GAEL. 161 reach the steam -boat intending to go in the latter to Greenock. I hope that the Rev. J. C. Sinclair will again speak to his brethren through your truly Highland News- paper and permit me to suggest to him that he should extend his enquiry through the length and breadth of the United States and try and trace out as many as possible of our Gael who have distinguished themsevles in various professions and occupations of life, re- membering that 'Lives of great men all remind us, We can make our lives sublime, And departing; leave behind us Footprints on the sands of time.' " NiALL Càiimbeui.. BALL GHLINN-TRUIM. Le Dòmhnull Caimbeul, Mac Dhòmlinuill Phail, Bard Chinn-a'-Ghiiibhsaich. {Ann am B'-nrIa '.s an Gà.ilig.) Air Fonn: — ''The Laird of Cockpen." Yesterday evening, san fheasgar an raoir. We marclifd away to Bail Ghlinn-truim, We could na get lasses, cha rachadli iad leinn, Andgoiny without them bii mhuladach sinn. When we arrived, gvi'n d fhuair sinn ho-rel They all enquired "nach tug thu leat te?" " We're better without them'' gun fhreagair mi fhein; But never let on, nach f haighinn a li-aon. And when we entered an rum 'san ro' 'n danns', [Galld', The lasses were dressed anns na fasanan With tvhite muslin frocks agus cròtaibh na 'u ceann — [eadh tu fann- They would cheer up your heart ged a bhith With gum-floivexs and ribbons gur h-iad a bha briagh, — [riamh. All tnmmed in the fashion nach fhaca mi With hoops in their skirts, '& ann annta bha 'n Had : [inn. mas f hiar. They thought uach robh'n leilhid ri 'fhaigh- When the dancing commenced, cha robh iad cho gann, > [riut' a dlianns'; But you would get pleuty "reidheadli comhl' The house was so crowded - bha 'n t-urlar cho trang; You never saw leitheid de rabble 'sa bh'ann ! The butler then ivent le toddy mu 'n cuairt; •When they got the whisky '& ann aca 'bha 'm fuaim ; The lads were with lasses ri barganan criiaidh And I luent to listen, an taice ri 'n cluas! The wind ivas hard blowing 'nsabhal Ghlinn- Truim ; [druim, — The candles ivere dripping a mhan air ar They painted our coats gun f harachdainn dhuinn: — ffive stayed at home, cha d'eirich sid dhuinn. Lt was four o'clock — 'si mhaduinn a bh'ann We started for home anns a' choach aig a' Ghall, ['na ghleann When lue reached Kingussie, gu 'n deach m[ Regretting the loss 'bhi gun chadal 'san àm^ NEWS OF THE HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS. Sutherland — Large Estatj: Sale. — We understand that Messrs Stewart, Rule, and Burns, solicitors, Inverness, on Wednesday purchased the extensive baronial estate of Skibo, in Sutherlandshire, for E. C,. Suther- land-Walker, Esq. of Aberarder, for the sum of £130,000. The Island of R assay. — This tight little island, on the east of Skye, and close beside it, is now in the market. By far the greater part of it is bleak and rocky, but to the south and west there are some fine pastures, arable land, and plantations. The rental is about £1500, and one man. a native of Sutherland, pays about £1000 of that for having almost the whole of the island as a sheep farm. The most desirable things in the island are the mansion-house, garden, tmd the sur- rounding grounds. The house is a commodious and most beautiful modem. mansion, and the garden is a good one, and famous for its fruit, especially gooseberries. A hothouse, which cost £1500, is in the garden, but is not kept properly. Close beside the garden entrance is a stone slab, which was dug out of an old Celtic ruin, and which bears Celtic hieroglyphics and figures which have defied nntiquarians to make out what they . re There are good roads through all the island; it is said the improvements effected in the place by the father of the late proprietor cost about £15,000. Rabbits and other game are very numerous. It is said that a good many offers are given for the island, and that Lord Middleton, the lessee of Sconcer shootings, is among the number. It is Iso s id that, the executors of Mr Rainy's will are not to give the island to any one likely to be 'à. 162 THE GAEL. Aug., 1872: harsh landlord for fear of his turning out the few people \eh.— Northern Ensign. CoAi. IN THE North of Scotland —At the last meeting of the South Midland Institute of Mininer, Civil, and Mechanical Ent^ineeers in Wolverhonipton. the Presi- dent, Mr. E. Jones, Minin.t,' Enirinecr, .t^ave the result of certain recent investigations made by him with and for the Duke of Sutherland on his North of Scotland estates. In Sutherland, where he expected to find granite, with scoria and other traces of ig- neous action, he had found coal. He believed the field would prove of great value, that the carboniferous ironstone associated with it would be found lying immediately beneath the oolite, which was the formation at the surface, and this would prove to be of a larger area than any other known coal field in Scotland. He had traced the coal from the rivei Brora to the Frith of Dornoch, and upwards along the edge of Sutherland to Helmsdale. Sinkings would soon be made, and the powerful machinery for con- ducting the operations would be under his direction. The work would have an impor- tant bearing upon the question of the existence of coalbetween London andDover. The President showed fossil specimens of the oolite formation that he had brought from the quarry of which Dunrobin Castle was built, and beneath which Mr Jones be- lieves the coal is lying. Going on to speak of the coal field of the immediate district, he asserted, as the result of close observa- tion extending over forty years, that the coal of Shropshire is being rapidly worked out. Kingussie — Death of Mr. Macrae, Banker. — The sudden andunexpeeted death of Mr Donald Macrae, agent for the Caledonian Bank at Kingussie, has taken us by surprise here. It was only on Monday that he felt unwell, but he was then still able to attend his business. In the after- noon he accompanied Sheriff Blair — who was in Kingussie at a meeting of Police Commissioners— to the railway station, and appeared to be in pretty good health. He attended at the Bank on Tuesday v.s usual, but between Tuesday night and Wednesday morning he had a shock of paralysis, whicli ultimately proved fatal. From the moment it was known thnt Mr Macrae was seriously ill there was a constant flowof sympathizing friends inquiring for him at the Bank, and his untimely death has cast a gloom, not only over the village of Kingussie, but over the district of Badenoch. His funeral took place on Tuesday, and was attended by friends from all parts of Inverness-shire, and from the counties of Ross, Sutherland, Moray, Perth, and Edinburgh. The shops in the village (and they are not a few) were closed, and the shutters on the windows; the bells of both churches were tolled, and the children of both Free and Established schools turned out on the occasion. De- ceased was local Secretary for the Inverness, Ross, and Nairn Club, in the Badenoch district, and it was only the other day that along with Sir George Macpherson-Grant, he took part in presenting prizes to the- successful competitors at the last examina- tion. The Volunteers also have lost one of their best friends, for he gave them many valuable prizes, the last being ^£10 to be equally divided between the first, second, and third class shots, so that each class of shotshad an equal chance of winning a prize. Mr Macrae was a native of the district, and intimately acquainted with its circumstances- He not only carried on banking and law business, but wiis one of the most enter- prising farmers in the district. Mr Macrae died at the early age of 55 years, and leaves a widow and large family to mourn his loss. June, 26, 1872. Shipment of Peats from Islat. — There is likely to be a dearth of fuel in the island of Islay before the ensuing winter is over,. as peats are being shipped in large quanti- ties to meet the demand. A few days ago there were 150 bags of peats sent to New- Zealand from Port-Ellen, and this shipment is not the first from the Island. It is under- stood that there are to be large quantities forwarded regularly from Islay to our Australian possesions. — Scotsman. A Highland Congregation in New- Zealand. — Mr. William Macrae, who emigrated from Strathpeffer to Auckland, New Zealand, in October last, under the auspices of the Colonial Committee of the Free Church of Scotland, has, after having Tuidergone the required examination of the Presbytery of Auckland, been licensed as a Minister of the Gospel, and appointed Minis- ter to the Gaelic-speaking congregation of Waipu, some eighty miles from Auckland from whom he had received a unanimous call, and who are almost wholly composed of Highlanders from the shires of Suth- erland and Ross, At a Meeting of Aug., 1872. THE GAEL. 163 ! the Colonial Committee in June, Mr. Neil MCallum probationer was also appointed to the Colonial field and has selected Auck- ; land as the sphere of his labours ; other I appointments to the same field are also I expected to follow. I Of the Inverness Royal Academy j Examination, a correspondent in the Tn- j Terness Cotirier of July 4, writes thus : — ''Sir, — While all had much reason to admire and approve of the appear- ance made by both teachers and pujDÌls during the examination days of this excellent iu.stitution, may I ask why— during the musical performances in the Music Hall on Wednesday — our native music was so entirely excluded ? Do the Directors disapprove of its being taught? It is hardly pos.sible that Strathspeys, martial airs, or Jacobite songs, will cease to have their special charms in any part of Scotland, far less in the metropolis of the Highlands. And we think therefore that the Direc- tors would do well to provide that this class of music should be regularly and properly taught in the Academy." We heartily sympathize with this correspondent's sugge.stions. It is really to be deplored that in such a place as Inverness our native music would give place entirely to German or any other far-fetched material. And in such an Institution as the Ro)^al Academy of Inverness, should the teaching of the Gaelic Language be neglected? While other quarters are busily engaged in the study of Gaelic, and matters of Highland interest in general, should Inverness look on in thq lukewarm manner in which she is generally represented to do towards matters affecting the thne-honovred tongue of her oldest inhabitants'^: Should there be a Gaelic Class formed in the the Royal Academy of Inverness, would it not be a grand stepping stone to the Class in the University whenever the Gaelic Professorship is founded. INVERNESS GAELIC SOCIETY- ASSEMBLY & CONCERT. The re-union of this Society took place on Thursday evening, in the Music Hall, In- verness. The Chairman, Provost Mackenzie, was supported by Professor Blackie; R. Carruthers, LL.D.; Colonel Macpherson, Cluny; Sheriff Macdonald, Iat«ofStorno\vay; Bailie Simpson, Inverness; Alex. Dallas, Esq., Town-Clerk, do.; Rev. Mr Macgregor, Inverness; Rev. Mr Stewart, Nether-Loch- aber; F. Macdonald, Esq., Druidag; Mr. Camming Allanfearn, &c. The Pi-ovost in opening the proceedings expressed regi-et at the unavoidable absence of his nephew, Sir Kenneth S. Mackenzie, of Gairloch, who had agreed to preside. The first song of the evening was commmenced and excel- lently rendered bv Mr Macrae, '"Nighueag a Chuil duinn," in the purest (Jaelic. This was followed by one in good broad Scotch, preserving the spirit and key note of the proceedings, by being in praise of "The Stem Scottish Hielands.'' The next item was the well known reel of Tulloch — danced by four practised "hands." This was followed by a recitation in Gaelic by Mr Macdonald, the Society's Bard, a well known adept in Gaelic prose and verse. Aiter this appeal in the vernacular, came a selection of Scotch airs by Mr. C. S. Grant. The next speech was delivered by the Rev Air Stewart, the talent- ed Netlier-Lochaber correspondent of the Inverness Courier. It is hardly necessary for us to remark that M.i Stewart executed his task in the same excellent style which characterises his writings and that he sat down amid volumes of applause. This was followed by a Gaelic song from the Misses Mackintosh and Mr. W. Mackay. After an iutervar during which the audience par- took of a service of fruit, Professor Blackie rose amid cheers and said that if ever he delivered an address with pleasure in spite of displeasure, it was on the present occa- sion. Being a mere south country Saxon — an alien in blood and language, he cei tainlj should not have been asked unless it were known that he loved the Highlands, and the Highland people loved him. And to him the love and esteem of his fellow countrymen were more than all the power of all the po- liticians, andallthe gold of all the millionaires. He would consider it a very high honour tr> be associated with the Society in this resus- citation of a grand national feeling that had too long Iain dormant in this country. It 164 THE GAEL. Aug., I87fe was a very great mistake in past times to neglect our Celtic nationality, and its lan- guage, tiaditions, inusii", noetry. It could never be right to undervalue themselves, to trample upon their own traditions, to cast odium upon theii- own mother, to neglect the graves of thoir fai liers. But !iow they made a public profession of something wrong done, and an earnest beginning of a light thing to be accomplished. They were all to blame, Celts and Saxons alike, and he did not know which was m )st to blame. Not one High- lander in a bundled could read or spell his own langu ige. Sli 1 he believed the Saxons were more to blame than the Celts. The latter lived in a reynote corner, and suffer- ed wrongs of which he would not speak particularly; while the Saxons were sitting in the comloilable South, having the High- landers to fight tlieir battles at Waterloo and elsewhere, yet despising them, making them the subjects of shallow jests, hughing at them, just as an Englishman 1 lughs at a Scotchman What a set they were, laugh- at one another, instead of engaging in scientific research, and seeking mutual sympathy and philosophical appreciation! Such men as Stewait, Armstrong, iMaclauch- Ian, Mackenzie, and Skene, had made a study of Celtic matters, but these were single names. The neglect of thu Gaelic was a loss intellec-tually, morally, and socially. It belonged to the great family of tongues commonly called the Aryan, and to know Latin and Greik thoroughly they should read Sanscrit or Gaelic — rio matter which. If people had an interest in old stones, and old bones, and old urns, surely they should venerate the oldest languiige of the human race, still a living langufif^e — one rich in illustration, near to our living sympathies, and of pi-actical interest and importance. The Gaelic language had characteristic pe- culiariti(;s most interesting in i-eference to the organization of human speech, and not found in Sancrit, or Latin, or Greek. Some of those peculiarities opened up quite a new trahi of thoui^ht altogether. It had also .some fine sounds and it was a great help to the knowledge of Latin, (4reok, Gorman, and other languages. He had himself traced 500 Greek roots to Gaelic. But some of those clever fellows in the South, who knew everything, aaked what was the use of studying a language that had no litera- ture? Now it there was n>it a single bo(dc iu Gaelic he would study it, because it was the way to the hearts of the people. Better living men and women than all the printed books in the world. Rut Gaelic had the^ best kind of Hterature — the kind of literature that makes Scotland what it is — the litera- ture of songs and poetry and national music. This was of value, nf)t to enable every clever fellow to talk ot all subjects and a few others, but in bringing out all the noble sen- timents of a people's heart, and in cherishing llie nodlest memories; this was a literature, that would do them more good than all they could cram at the University of Kdinburgh or under the Education Bill. The greatest evil to them in the South was ihat their national music was n')t made an indispens- able j)artof the national education. Next to the Bible he placed the national songa for true, healthy tenching — fresh like the breezy atmosphere, blooming like heather, rushing like the mountain streams; and making the blood beat in harmony with them. Latin and Greek were all very well, but a man should be what God made him,, and his duties were with his own people. Of course they must be fashionable— that is, go to Italian operas in Edinburgh and London, and force people to learn Latin and Greek, which they forget soon enough — but don't learn yom- own mother tongue, which you suck in with your mother's milk. People who went away in search of some- thing grand, and dii not learn the wisdom and philosophy of common things, would be shallow fellows to the end of the chipter though crammed fulhind fringed round with learning. 'I'he Sa.xans could certainly not be accused of loving the Celtic people too much. They sung Jacobite songs, but that was a matter of pure sentimentality ; and many of them thought and said that the Celts should be stamped out and extirpated. Now, he did not think that the Saxons should have spoken in that way if they had known the langu-age of the Celts and their good qualities. They came down to stare at their mountains and glens, but tliey did not love the Celts, and see that no man tin-ned them out of their glens, He did say that though there was adisease of over- population in some par:8 of the Highlands, thai was no reason why there should be extirpation in any part of them. He spoke of no one personally; but if the country had been de- populated, one cause of that had been that those who held the land did not speak the language, and did not know the hearts of Aug., 1872. THE GAEL. 165 the people, did not care a'straw for the people, but felt that they would have no poor-rates when the devils were away. If such things had been — and he had good reuson to sus- pect that they had — he repeated that the cause was this, that there was no sympathy between the holders of the land and the peo- ple who lived upon it; and there would have been more of that sympathy if the landowners had studied the language of a people of whom they ought to have been proud. Well, he had given very good reasons why the Gaelic should be preserved, and he was not bound to give an nnderstaniling- wsth them. If they did not sympathise with him and with the Gaelic people, then he was very sorry for them, but thankful also thas he was not cursed with the blindness of their intellects or the hardness of their hearts. (Cheers ) The Rev. Mr. M'Gregor of the West Church, Inverness, delivered an Address in Gaelic, which was frequently drowned amid cheers and appliuse. After several son?s &c., the national anthem was sung in Gaelic and this very successful meeting separated after almost four hours sitting. We may compliment the members of the Society for the e.xeellent manner in which they have got up this meeting, and the un- flagging zeal wliich characteiizes them since they formed themselves into one of the most enthusiastic of Higliland Societies. PROFESSOR BLACKIE ON NATION- ALITY. On Saturdsy, 13lh July, Professor Blaokie delivered a lecture on Nationality in the Music Hall, Inverness, under the auspices of The Gaelic SocitTir. Mr. Mackintosh of Raip:more, M. P. occupied the chair, and was accompanied to the platform by Provost Mackenzie; Mr. Waterston, Banker; Dr. Car ruthers; Bailie Mackmto'h; Mr. Davidson Solicitor; Mr. Rose, Solicitor; and Mr Mackenzie, Barnbill. In speaking of the Highlands the Professor -said he resumed the strain of his address on Thursday evening, and denounced the extir pation of peasantry from the glens. They would drive awiiy the people and call it im- provement. He had known those in the south who would wish to see the whole Highlands turned into one immense Tomnahuirich, the Celts buried beneath it, and Saxon Palaces piled on the top. 'i'his would be a very mag- nificent, a very selfish, a very despotic, and a very Russian way ofgaverning free men and improving a country. There was a danger in losing that magnificent fellow the High- lander. Could any of the clulis of London turn out such an animal? He wanted as many Highlanders in the Highlands as could be comfortably maintained there. He said there should be no extirpation— except in the way of weeding the turnips; weed but don't exterminate. In this matter proprietors and people had both duties to perform. The duties of a proprietor in the Highlands were quite plain. The wealth of a country did not consist in the number or guineas which found their way with the least amount of trouble into the landlord's pocket, but in the number of well-conditioned people whom, by his superior position in society, he was enabled to cherish, to protect, and to elevate. The landed proprietor was the Bishop of the dis- trict in secular matters; and if he thought bis only business was to get his rents paid, to spend them where he would, to do what he would with his own, then he did not know his duties, and he was a selfish lellow. Observe, he was not speaking; against proprietors, but supposing there was such a one in the lot then these terms applied to him. A landlord,' he would suppose, got £IOU(J from one big farmer, and there no poor rates and no trouble about it, and he went and spent that in Lon- don at the opera, or in worse places; or spent it in Paris, where it was a gain t o Franee; or in Rome, where it was a guiu to the Pope and a loss to us. Would it not be better if the same landlord got £8U0 or £600 from a number of tenants and spent it among them, than going away with his £IU()U and doing with it what he liked? Yes, he might do what he liked according to the letter of the law. The law could not be always with him; common sense could not be always with him; but the very constitution of society, and the eternal laws of society, commanded that he should attend to the place where God had placed him, and do his duty there. He (Professor Blackie) was neither a Tory nor a democnit, only a thinker, a student, and, in a small way if they pleased, a philosopher. That gave "hiiu a "certain advantage. His business was to find out truth, to speak truth and justice; and except to do that he would not be there that night. But wdiile he was not a democrat, he would bring in a very democratic kind of measure; he would impose an absentee tax, rewarding those proprietors who stay at home, and making the fellows who go "abroad pay all the poor rates. Of course lie did not object to young ladies going up to London to get husbands — or the Duke of Argyll and others going, who had business to discharge; what he did object to was the practice of going and squandering money in- 166 THE GAEL. Aug., 1872 the dissipation of London and Paris. For To "Finlagan," — We have receired your himself he was not a jiroprietor. No doubt j contribution too late for the present number he was a fcuar, but it was only an acre. He of The Gael, but shall appear in our next. ■was one of the public; and he considered the public had a duty — not to run after what was lbrei.;n, but to cherish self-esteem, to cultirate Jocarindependence, to make the most of what ■we have here. Far fowls had fair feathers — to fools. Let them i)reserve and guard their right to he themselves. When an Englishman came to Scotland he expected to find a Scotch- man — not a second edition of himself, an edition not enlarged and improved, but dim- inished, dwarfed, and degraded. When he came to Inverness he expected to find a Highlander,and he found him there — (shaking hands with the Provost, amidst loud laugJiter j careful of your penmanship, and enaeavour and cheers). Let them learn a lesson from to have more substance, less words to express the wisdom of unreasoning animals, which I your ideas (if you have any), and by all means were always right becaRse they -n ere always [ less of that extraneous rubbish which has To S. F.— We have received your letter, and beg to thank you for the interest you take in The Gael. Your suggestions shall be carefully considered. To "Caberfeidh"' Glen-Urquhart — Your letter and contribution are two literary curi- osities. What do you mean by i)l;icing a lecture on bad behaviour iu the middle of a pajier on "Astronomical observatiousr'' We don't know. Neither can we understand what have occasional references to the Darwinian Theory to do with the subject which you write upon. When you write again be more in the hand of God. What, animals did un- consciously, let intelligent beings do con- sciously. Therefore, let the eagle glory in his wings, let the fish glory in his fins, let the hound glory in his swiftness, let the young man glory in his strength, let the Celt glory in being a Celt, and the Scotchman in being a Scot. (Loud cheers.) ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. J. C. C. — VVe have referred your enquiry as to the origin of the name Carmichael, to a member of the Clan, well versed in such matters and received the following: — Carmichael, in Gaelic Càr-Mhìcheil, a Celtic name of Devotion, signifying the "Friend of Michael," the Archangel, is of great antiquity in Scotland, and was adopted originally from a Barony called Caiimichael, in Lanarkshire. One John Carmichael, ■who commanded the Auxiliaries at the Battle of Eaugc in Anjou, France, in the year 14-22, attained the highest martial renown, by dis- mounting the Duke of Clarence, which exploit decided the fate of the day in favour of the French and Scottish armies. In memory of this achievement, John Carmichael, having broken his lance in the encounter, obtained the addition to his family arms of a hand holdinu; a broken spear vihich continues the crest to the present day. The family is of Argyleshire and Lanarkshire, but many of them have for some considerable time resided in England. The Argyleshire, sept ranked under the banner of the "gallant, devoted, old Stel'RTs of Appin,"' and of them acted as ensign, or standard I)earer at Culloden. The crest is a culiit arm, erect, in armour, holding in the hand a broken tilting lance, the point falling. Motto (Gaelic), "Daonnan Deas."— (English), "Aye ready,"— (French), " Toujours Prest " swallowed up your "Astronomical observa- tions.'' INVERNESS SHEEP AND W^OOL FAIR. July 13. The Great annual market for the sale of the staple products of the Highlands, sheep and wool, took place at Inverness last week, com- mencing on Friday, and closing on Saturday night. The attendance was larger than has been witnessed for many year.s; as owing to the facilities afforded by "the railways there were purchasers from all parts of England that were never here before. The weather, also, was generally favourable. Sheep of all classes were in great demand, and sold at higher prices, on the whole, than in any previ- ious year, unless, perhaps at the unprecedented market of 18G6. We give a few o? the tran- sactions: — CHEVIOTS. Attadale top wedder lambs, sold to Mr. Fraser, Loch-carron, at L18 lOs; shots> LIO 10s. Achinduich east ewes L35. Ardross half-bred lambs. 30s. Glen Urquhart, Cromarty, half bred lambs, 34s without shoting. Inveran Cheviot wedder lambs, L20; cast ewes L32. Invergordon Mains, three parts bred lambs. 32s. BLACKFACED. Achnanault three year-old weddcrs, L42. Attadale lambs, L14. HALF-BREDS AND CROSSES. Mr Fraser, Aittendow Dava, sold 700 grey- fiiced lambs at 21s. Mr Trotter bought the Rosehaugh half-bred lambs at 3os each; and sold Mr Fraser, Clunes, blackfaced lambs at 15s. I Leabh.] DARA MIOS AN FHOGHARAIDH, 1872. [7 AiR. CALLUM A'GHLINNE— URSGEUL GAIDHEALACH. Eaerann I. Ann an coilltean fàsail, agus ann an uruighean uaigneach air feadli nan gleann agus nam fireach, aun an lar- eileanan na Gàidhealtaclid, tha ioma lus agiis blàtli àillidh o bliliadbna gu bliadhna a' fàs gu h-ìirail fallain, ds eugais cùram, no saothair, no Pgil a' gharadair ; ach gu blii 'seargadh 's a' bàsachadh fo anail fhuar reota a' gheamhraidh, air dboibh an cùrsa beatha a ruìtb, gun a bhi air am faicinn, no an aiUidheachd no an cubhraidh- eaclid a bbi air am mealtuinn le neacb air bith. Mar sin, b' iomadh iad do luchd aiteachaidh na Gàidliealtachd air nach cualas riamli a bbeag de iomradh o am breth gu am bas, a bhiodb iomraiteacli a thaobh na buaidh a bhiodh aig an cliii modhanail air an lucbd duthcha, na 'n robh an subbailcean agus an comasan intinn air an cur ann an suidheachadh follaiseach aithnicbte fan combair. — B' anndhiu Bud Galium a' Gblinne ; agus ann an dòchas gum feudadb e bbi araon tait- neacb agus buanacbdor do lucbd leugb- aidh A' Ghàidbeil, tba sinn a ranacbadb roinn de eachdraidb a bheatha ann an rian ùrsgeulacli a tbaisbeanadb o mbios gu mios. Rugadh Galium a' Gblinne o chionn còrr _ agus leth-cbeud bliadbna, aig inbliir aon de na b-abbnaicbean lubacb, caisleacb, leumnacb, gorm-gbrinnealacb a chitbear air feadh na Gàidhealtachd, a deotbal gu tràigh uisgeacban nan allt 'snan tobraicbean a tba siòr shruthadb leis na leathadan o cbàthar nam blar agus cbreagan aosda nam beann. Bba a pbarantaibb le cbeile measail 'n an iubbe fèin ; a tbaobb an crann- cliur saogbalta, cha robb iad aon cbuid bocbd no saoibbir; bba gabbaltas cuimseach combfburtacbail aca ann 'sa'gbleaun — barr 'us crodli 'us caoirich. Bba iad iomraiteacli a thaobb am fial- uidheacbd, bba an dorus fosgailte, agus am bòrd lucbdaicbte o mbocli gu anir.och de cboigricb 's de lucbd turuis, ciod air bitli airde an tigeadh iad. Bba iad adbartacb, deanadach, cùram- acb 'n an gairm ; simplidb, iriosal 'n an caitbe-beatha, 'n an eideadb, 'n an eir- eacbdas agus'n an cleacbdaidhean. Bba an gabbaltas daor-mbàlacb gu leòir. Cba robb crodb 'us caoiricb 'us cloimh acb ro-iosal ann am pris an coimeas ris mar tba iad ann 's na laitbibb so ; aig ceann gacb letb-bbliadbna 'nuair a pbaigbte am màl, cba bhiodb acli glè bbeag airgid ma seacli gu bbi solar gacb goircas agus comfburtacbd a bha feumail do'n teagblacb; acb ma bha an t-airgiod gann bba an cosdas da reir; rachadh punnd Sasunnach aig an am ud ni b'fhaide na thi^id deich dhiu air an la diugh aun an solar uireasbh- uidbean coitcbionn theagblaichean. Bha ach beag an t-iomlan d' an teachd- an-tir a' fas as an fbonn. Cha an eideadh cuim agus leapa air an deanauih aig a bhaile air gle bbeag de chosdas ach saothair nan lamh. Ann 's na laithibh ud, bba gacb fear tighe agus bean thigbe ann an seadh agus ann an tomhas àraidh 'n an luchd ceaird ; an àite bhi 'reic seiche a' mhairt-gheamh- raidh ri " Marsanta nan craicionn" — is ann a .bhiodb i air a polladh, air a malcadh, air a h-aoladb, air a cairteadh 168 AN GAIDHEAL. Dara Mi. , Fhogliarnidh,lSr2. agus air a gi l^, a-nns an diitbaicb. On latba cbuireadb "ceudbbreid na muà posda" air a ceann, dbearbb i anu 's gacb daimb agus suidbeacbadb, "gun robb a luacb gu mor os cionn clacban nasal." "Cboisinn agusgbleidb i earbsa cridlie a fir, agus riamb o na db'aonadh ri cbeile iad, cba robb feum aige air creicb." "Dliiarr i olann agus lion, agus db' oibricb i gu toileacb le a làmban. Bba i ann an ioma seadb mar longaibb nanceannaicbean, abbeireadb am biadb o tbir cbein. — Db'eireadb i 'nuair a bi an oidbcbe bliiodb fbatbast ann, agus bbcireadb i Ion d'a teagblacb agus cuibbrionn d'a maigdeauaibli. Bba a leasraidb an combnuidb crios- laicbte le neart modbanail. — Bba i motbacliail gun robb a ceannacbd maitli, cba vacbadb a coinneal ds san oidbcbe. — Ciiuireadb i a lamban air an dealgaii, 'sgbabbadbglacan alainbgreiin don cbuigeil. — Bba a glac an comb- nuidb fosgailte don truagban; agus a làmbp.n sìnte don fbeumacb, — Cba bbiodb eagnl oirre roimb an t-sneacbd, airson a teagblaicb, oir bba iad uile' còralulaicbte le saotbair a lamb. — Db' aitbnicbte a fear ann 's na geataibb, 'nuair a sbuidbeadh e maille ri sean- airibb na tire. Db' fbosgladb i a beul le gliocas, agus bba bigb a cbaoimbneis air a teanga. Bba i curamacb mu sbligbibb a teagblaicb, agus cba d' itli i riamb aran an diombanais." Os cionn gacb buaidb a^us deagb bbcus eile trc an robb i aitlinicbtc mar mbnaoi agus mar mbatbair — bba "eagal an Tigb- earna oirre." Bba a Companacb mar an ceudna na fbear aideacbaidb air an diadbacbd; cha robb mor fhogblum aca; acli a rdir tombas an (.'òlais, bba iad Ic cbeile a'gluasad ann an aitbntibb agus ann an ordiiigbean an Tigbearna gu neo-locbdacb — cba robb an aideacb- adh air an diadbacbd aon cbuid gleadliracb no àrd-fbuaixucacb; bba iadilriniicacb.onoracb, agus creidcasach nan clici agus nan giulan anu am fianuis an t-saogbail. Bbaaitefein aig a' Bhiobul ana san teagbliich; cba r.obK^ Dara Mios an Fho^hardJb, 1S72. AN GAIDHEAL. 169 mòran de leabliraiclieaii eile aca a bharr air, acli am beagan a bh'anii, bha iad de'n t-seorsaa b'fliearr; agus ach beag an t-iomlan dhiu amis a' Ghàilig — mar bha, "Staid ceitliir fillte an duine" le Boston; " Tus agus fas diadliacbd san anam ;" le Doddridge; '' Gairm do pheacaich," &c., le Allelne; " Tiirus a Chriosduidh," " Leabhar aidmheil a chreidimh," "Leabhar farsuing agus aithghearr nan ceisdcan," agus leabhar no dha de oibribh nan seaun bhard Gaidhealach. Ma bha bardachd Oisein ann an clo àig an am ud, cha robh i aithnichte am measg nan Gàidheal anns 'an uidheam sin ; ach cha b' ainn- eamh iad aig an robh raoran de dhain na Feinne air an cuimhne, airus bha e Bhiobul, mar a chuala sinn boireannach diadhaidh aon uair ag radh, " Nach tugadh i mòran air aideachadh neacli air bith a chite a leughadh paipear naigheachd ;" — ach cha bi sud beachd pharantan Challuim a'Ghlinne; bu trie a dheisd e aig glim 'athar ris an dealbh- tharruing choiinhlionta a rinn Donncha ban air aillidheachd eugsauihuil Naduir ann. an òrain "Beinn Dòbh- rain" agus " Choire cheathaich;" ni mo a dhi-chuimhnich e re a bheàtha na gUiasdau intinn gradh-dhuthchail a bheir an dusgadh na bhroilleach lean- abaidh le bin ag èisdeachd ri orain nam bard anns ,ia robh euchdan agus gaisge nam Fineachan Gaidhealach 's anluchd leanmhuiuu ann au aobhar an duthcha na chleachdadh cumanta mar chaith- i air an seinn 's na feasgair ri tacbh na eamh-aimsir taitneach air na feasgair cagailt, 'nuair a bhiodh " siird air gheamhraidh a bhi 'g an seinn air fuinn sniomh nan cloimhean." Ni mo a dhi- bhiun thiamhaidh tre an robh iad gu chuimhnich e tosdachd naomh na Sab- furasda agus gu riochdail, air an clobh- aid, no an cleachdadh ionmholta anns ualadh air a' clmimhne, agus mar sin, cha 'n eil teagamh nach robh iad air an giulau a nios o ghinealach gu ginealach o cliionn linntibh, ciod air bith bu toiseach a's bu mhàth- air-aobhair dhoibh anns na laithibh a dh' fhalbh. 'Am measg nan seann Ghaidheal do nach b' aithne sgriobhadh no leughadh, bha an comasan cuimhne anabarrach graraail, diònach, agus bha feum orra — oir bha an t-iomlan deth an eòlas air nithibh aimsireil agus spior- adail gu buileach an crochadh rithe. Cha ni furasda e do ard-sgoileirean agus do fheallsanaich mhor-chuiseach an latha so, do nach comasach ach gle bheag eòlais a chomhphairteachadh ri muinntir eile gun leabhar no paipear fo 'n sroin, a chreidsinn gun robh bard- achd Oisein ann am bitli gus an deachaidh a toirt air lorn le Seumas Mac-Mhuirich. Faodaidh e bhi gum bheil iad ann a tha de 'n bharail uacli bu choir aite no cairtealan a bhi aig dain Oisein no aig obair nam bard aim an teaghlach air bith anns an robh aite fdiu aig a' an robh gach feasgar dhiu air an caicheamh. llinn leughadh nan Sgriob- turan, agus an ceasnacliodh teaghlaich leabhar aithghearr nan Ceisdean deargadh agus driighadh air intinn ann [ an laithean aleanabuidheachd a thug a mach deagh thoradh an dèigh moran ' laithean. Faodaidh ar luchd leughaidh a bhi saoilsinn gun deachaidh sinn 'san dol a ' mach, tuillidh is fada a's ar gabhail, i ann a bhi cur fo'n comhair na h-uiread ' do chliu agus do blieatha-teaghlaich parantan Challum a' Ghlinne, acli mu'n ruig sinn deireadh ar sgeoil, chithear'i ciod a bhuaidh thearnaidh agus mhis- neachaidh a bha aig eiseimpleir agus .' teagasg na fxrdoich 'san d' rugadh e air a bheatha, an ddigh dha tir a dhuth- ■ chais fhàgail, agus aghaidh a cliur na aonar ri saoghal faar,feineil, coimheach, i carach, cealgach, mar a fhuair esan e, . Ian de mhealladh, de bhuaireadh, de ; chunnartan, de eigincan agus de, chruaidh-chas. (Ri 'leantuinn.) MUILEACII. AN GAIDHEAL. D.ir,i SHcsan Fhogharaidh, 1872, )ISEIX:— A LIXX AG US A BHARDACllD. (Air leantuinn.) a deig-li na li-uiread a radii a dhion 'us ainm 'ns aiinsir Oisein, faicea- l cuid de na uitboan bòidheacli a tha 111 sgeòil nam bliadhnacbau a threig, aharraibli an s^oithe dorclia. Is blio nàdnr fein a tha am Bard a tarr- ua samlilaidhean leis am blieil a daclid CO oomharrak'hto. Ged tha itar ioBann anns am bhcil am bard ,an àirde a smnaintcan a' triall, tha e , uair a' nochdadh caochladh cruth . >òidhchead ann an grian, an gealach, ■ eult, an aonach, 's an srntban thart- . h. Tha e fior gum bheil tannais a i isearan guminica'toirtcòmhnadh'us , each do sharghaisgeach Sheallama, ; gur ann am feadh tha anam air a ^ idh le cliù 'ns cuimhue nan sonn Q bu nos sealltuinn a nuas o 'n tall- . fein, an com 's an oir nan niall, is iche sgiamh a' bhàird, agus a 's , ) 'n gniorah tha inntinn aoibhneach, \ibhach a deanamh. Ann an " Cath tha Oisein a' Idbhairt mar so: • luit an oidhchc neulach, torrai^ spcur air chuanlaibh, ^ s gu duaidini an doalan, na taihhbc san adhar ri nuallan, ■ cirbibh an tnisgain dàtlita, !a iad a* leum ghios na doimhne, ica mara ri sgreadaii, tonna g'am freagairt o'n ailbhcinn, ..ual' a' ghealacb 'na teacli neulach .ch bene oillteil thug an cuan as, : i' f hill i 'ceann an (•co na Lanna, ; na rcultan am falacli mu'n cuairt di, _ r cbritb ri bhrislo nan neul, ' .ithear an eudaun air uairibb." ;.ha anam a' bliàird ancs na rannan ./ taomadh a raaoh sjunhlaidhean j^h air toirni 'us stri nan dùilean. 'n sealladh uaui!!asach,agu9Ìs e fair- duian oillteil a tha na niUiean a tha . 1 leantuiiin a cheilo ann an cais- !hd Oi^oiii a' fadndh suas. Tha ;,aclias 'us imcheist auns an oidh- an cuan Citidh air a luaegadh le tartar àrd-fhuaimneaeh an toi'rninn; tha ciar thalla nan taibhse air a charuchadh; a' ghealacb, a'clninntinn fuaim 'lis farnm 'us bene an lear, a' folach a gnnis ann an cct) na Lanna ; agus na reultan ag iarruidh fasgaidh bho sgiathaibh loch- rain na h oidhcbe. Is uamhasach, is foghainteach, is treuufhoelacli an samh- ladli so. A rithist ann an Sgeulachd air Tratli- nil nam buadh 's air Colgnil nan tual bheart, tha Oisein ag ràdh : Cbaidb Tratbuil a sios na cide'. Mar sgarnaicb o mbullach slcibbc, Mar bhuinne sbrutb fuaimneacb, oillteil, No mar tbeinc 'ni fait nan coilltcan, Blia Colguil 'se fcin mar dba sbrutb aonaicb, Cbluiiinte air gacb taoba am beuc:iicb: B' iiirde fuaim am faobhar geala Na toirm mbic-tballa 's croinn gan gearradb, Bba Tratbuil mar ncart na gaoitbe, Leaffas "iutbas mborbheinn aobbacli, 'S bba Colguil mar luas nan stcud-sbruth, Bbios le cuuann sbliabb a leumnaicb," Cha Colguil le 'fheachd tbar stuadhan a' chuain a chum 's gum faigheadh e le foill dioghaltas air Tratbuil. Chuir Colguil fealltach aon de dliaoine le naigheachd ,mealltach a dh' ionnsuidh Righ nanLanii ; ag ràdh ris " Tiubhraich dhomh aon do 'd dba shleagh, 's thoir fein ma seadb dhomh do chorahnadh.'* Dh' imich Tratbuil caoin nan iomadh bens maille ris an teachdaire gus an traigh, agus tha e air a chuartachadh Ic lainn 'us sleaghan Cholguil 'us a thrcun fhir. Tha righ na Feinno leis fein; ach cha 'n 'oil e meatachadh. Tha 'neart a' fas mar uisge an inbhir, mar chuantan a ta air steideadb. Tha anam ag eiridh na aonar. Tha sliMas mar thannais na h-oidhche dearg bholtrach air neul nan aonach. Tha uamhunn paisgte anns na briathraibh fein leis am bhcil Oisein ag innseadh cia mar 'chaidh Tratbuil mor 'us Colguil fealltach an coinnearah a cheile. Bu nco-ghealtach, treun, beartach anam a' bhììird a labh- radh m:ir so. Bumhòrmeamnadh'us cruadal Chleas- amgir an uair, aun an talla Bhaile- JìafSk HìùB an FhogharaiJh, 187 AN GAIDHEAL. chluthai, a tlia e leis feiii, agus eascaird- ean lionmhor ag iadhadh run thimchioll, 's iad uile an toir air Maona, nighean Rurmar, oigli uam buadh, a broilleach A clilaidlieamh glan gorm na laimh,  1 Fuathas dona bhais fo ghruaira. o > ;i ^„„1 ! 'J-'l^uit esiin gun chruth 's e thall buu rem ! a- „„^;ti, ,,„„ ,i„i.i. „^ „,„_ mar chobhar nan stuadh, a ^un icm.- -n i n i ■ -j ,,. -i-T -11111 , Air gaoith nan dubh charn; mar smiud Sholuis an t-sloigh, a ciabh dua^li mar Bhrise.s òg, 's bioran na laimh, am fitheacb; b' kdlidb i 'na 'ciabh 's na : Mu theallach na spairn 's na muig. guè. Tha naimhdean na Feinne a ' Scread fuathas Chruth Loduinn ' t a' faoighneachd gu sgeigeil: "C'ait am bheil àrd Chumhal nan lann, Fear-astair nan glcann gun raon? Bheil Cumhal 'us gaisgich 's an àai ; Thusa ladorna, dan 'us faoin?" So freagradh Chleasamoir; "Tha m'anani, thuirt mise, a thriath, A' lasadh gu thrian leis fein ; Gun eagal tha Clcasamor fo 'sgiath, Measg mhiltean, ge ciar na trein, 'S mòr t-f hocal, mhic coigrich nan lann, Agus mise 's an am am aonar, Tha mo chlaidheamh crith-nihosgladh gu 'cheann ; Grad a b' àiU leis mo làmh ag aomadh Gun fhocal eile air Cumlial nan ceud, Mhic Chlutha o na threijj an sruth." Nacb dileas a tha Oiseiii a nochdadh cia mar ghluais an gaisgeach sgairteil mor, e fein 's e na aonar, G a thional anu fein 's a' ghaoith, Chual' lapis nan tore an fhuaim, Ghaisg astar nan stuadh le fiamh; Dh' eirich gaisgich mhic Chumhail nam buadh ; Blia sleagh 's gach laimh shuas 's&n t-slis " C' àite bheil e?" 's am fearg fo ghruain Gach maile ri fuaim m' a thriath. Cha 'u 'eil na dealbhaidhean aon ch faun no tearc a tha Oiseiu a toirt &each air cia co cumhachdach 's a tha bbria ran am feadh a tha e ag aithris cath spairn 'us còmhrag nan laocb, ach e ag eiridb gu fada eadbon os a chi fein, ann am mòralacbd, ann an dana agus ann an snasraborachd, an uai tha e 'seinn ann an rannan siubhk'H combraig rigli na Feinne agus Cr; Loduinn nan gorm lann, eagal 'us te Cha robb e ! niunn Lochlainueach araon am blàr 'i comasacb dba eisdeaebd ri sgeig no ' sitb. Cha do mbeataich cridhe 's tamailt airCumhail nan lann; agus dalma ann an àrdan uaibhreacb aiiaim^ chuir e cath as leth na Feinne. Ann an Carraig-Tbnra, tha Oisein ag innseadb cia mar "thug Fionnghal nam feart buaidh air cruth Loduinn. A' ghealach dearg 'us mall "s an car; Thàinig osnadh 'nuas o'n charn, Air a sgiathaibh bha samhladh fir, Cruth Loduinn "s an lear gun tuar, " Teicli gu d' tlùr,'' fhrea;^'air an cruth. " Teich air a' ghaoith dhuibli: bi falbh! Tha d osag 'an crodhan mo laimhe ; 'S leam astar 'us spairn nan stoirm; 'S e righ nan Sorucli' mo mhac Kin; Tha aomadh 's a bheinn dha ra' thucir. Tha a charraid aig carraig nan ceud, 'Us coisnidh gun bheud a' bhuaidh. Teich gu d' thir fein, a mhic Chiunhail, No fairich gu dubhach m' fhearg." Thog e gu h-àrd a shleagh dhorch ; Dh' aom e gu borb a cheann àrd, Ghabh Fionnghal na aghaidh le colg, d' fbannaich gaisge Fbionnghail. " e mòrail, mìleanta, mar bu nos, ead! an agbaidb crutb Loduinn. Cha 'r sgath no geilt ag eiridb na ai. ann an gleachd ri Taibhse buadhm: ■' nan Locldainneach. Tha anam an i! mar charraig 'sa' cbatb. Thug e bua; Is dealbbach àrd a' cbainnt a chlea: Oisein, ann an ioraradh a dbeanamhi ' a chomhstri uamhasach so. Is tia;'',.' aidh tairis ceòl na cainnt a lab'i" Fionnghal 'us e ag iarraidh air na, ., "Thiouudaidh Fionn ri luchd bu bhinn, 'Us dh' iarr am fonn o shoun nam bàrd' "A ghutha Chona. a's àirde fuaim, A' bharda, tha luaidh mu haois, Dha 'n eirich air ar n-anam suas Feachdan mor nan gorm chruth laoch. 'S taitneach leam aoibhneas a' bhròin, Mar dhruchd mothar earraich chaoia, Fo 'n lùb geug dharag nan torn 172 AN GAIDHEAL. rhogli;.rakìh,1872. S an dTiillcacli òg ag cirigh maoth. Togaibbse, mo bhàird, am fonn." Bha anam Oisein a' lasadh le caoiv- theas 's le dian-bblathas a' chombraig, an uair a tba e tarruing bho gacli scall- adh neartmhor, bagrach, fuaimneach a tba nàduir feiii a taisbeaiiadh, smuaint- ean 'us iiitbe.in a tba ag àrdachadb 'us a' meudacliadb oillt, 'us gaisge nan treun laocli a lean Cucbullin mùr mac Sheuma, agns Suaran rigb nan long, 'us nan. donn sgiatb, gu garbb spairn a' cbombraig. Anns a' cbeud Duan de L^hionnglial tba e ag radb : "Mar sbruth a' taomadb o gbarbh glileann Db' aom na suinu o cbmaich nam beanu, Gacb triatb an airm atbar nam buadb ; A ghaisgicli dbubb-ghruamacb na dhiigb, Mar chombthional uisgc nan stuadb M' an cnairt do dbealaiu nan speur, Chkiinnto fuaira nan arm 's gacb ceiim Meagbal mbiolcbon' cleasadb àrd, Duain g am miicbadlvanus gacb beul, Gacb curaidb treun ag iarraidb bL'dr. Mar tbaomis srutb cobbaracb liatb, O chru licb iarnaidb Chrombiicb àird, An torrnnn a' siubbal 's an t-sliabh, 'S a cbiar-oidbcbe air letb nan earn, Is tanas fbnar nan snu;idb glas 'A' coimbead o iomall nam fras; Cbo garg, cbo mùr, cbo borb, cbo luatb, Db' imicb ciuadal siol na b-Eb'inn, An ceannard mar mbòr tborc a' chuain A' tarruing nam fuar tbonn 'u a dlieigb, A taomadb a tbreunais mar stuadb; ' Fo sbiubbal cbritheadb an triiigb, Mar tboirm fbogbair o dba bbeinn, , Gu cliuile tbarruing na suiun ; , Mar sbrutb Kddir o dba cbrcig I 'G aomadb, taomadb, air an r^ idb, I Fuaimear dorcba, garbli 's a bbUir i Tbacbair Innisfiul 'us Locblainn, ( Ceannard a 'spcalt cblcas ri ceannard, j Is diiine an agbaidb gacb duinc; Bba ciuaidb a' screaclan air cruaidb, ', Bbii clogaidean sbuas 'g an sgoltadb, ■ Full a' (lortadb dliitli mu'n cuairt, ' Tuifeid a' fuaim air min iutbar, I Galban a' siubbal ro 'n speur, ' Sleagba 'bualadb 's a' tuiteam thall, j Mar dbcalain oidbcbe 's a' bbeinn, Mar onflia bcucacb a' cbuain, • 'jSTuair gbluaiscas an tonn gu li-àrd. Mar tborruinn air cul nan cruacb, Bba gruaim 'us farum a' bblàir, MiXT db' aomas mile tonn gu trAigh, A glduais fo Sbuaran na dàimb. Mar thacliras tràigli ri mile tonn, Tbacbair Eirinn ri Suaran nan long, Sin far an. robb gutban a' bbàis, Toirra gàirccatb 'us cruaidb, Sgiatban 's rnàile brist air làr, Lann 's gacb laimh 'n a dbealan sbuas. Fuaim a' bhlnir o tbaobb gu taobb, Còmlirag beucacb, creucbdacb, teth. Mar cbeud ùrd a' bualadb baotli ^ Caoir o'u tcallacb dearg ma seacb." Tha na samhlaidhean agus na cos- arablacbdan a tba Oisein a' ciirnadh suas a chnra 's gun dean e comlirag nan laocli CO dian 's co oillteill 's as urrainn e, a' seasamh leo fein air son maise 'us àirde 'us eireacbdas. Is leòir iad so fcin air sou tuaim a' bbàird a chrùnadh 's a' sgeadachadh le coran buaidh, agus a chuimhue òradh le sobbraicliean mol- aidh. Mu 'n troig sinn deanadas nan siir- cliuraidli aun an teas na strl, ni mi luaidh air coimeas eile a tba Oisein a' deauamh mu bbrathair fein Fillean, anns a' cbnigeamli duan de Tiiigiijioua: "Tba Fillean mar tbanas nan speur, A tbe-'rnas treun o cbirb nan sian, Tba 'n f bairge 'am bruaillean fo cbeum, 'Us c 'leum o tbuinn gu tuinn; Tba astar a' lasadb na dbeigh; Cratbaidb innsean an ceud cbeann Air cuan ng cirigb gun blieus thall." (Ri leanntuinn.) CONA. EACIIDRAIDH NA SMUID- SHOITHEACH. (.1/)' leantainn,) Anns a' bbliadhna 1801 no 1802, an uair a cbaidb guth thairis air Mr. Tay- lor agus a bbàta, tbòisicli Mr. Syming- ton, cbeana ainniichte, (le cuideacliadh LordDnndm) air smuid-bbata a dhean- arali a chum soitliichean eile a sblaod- adh tvoimh 'n clianal. An uair a bha i deas cbaidh a feucbainn 'sbha a' chol- tas oirre freagairt do 'n aobbar, ach chuir luchd riaghlaidh a' chanail 'n a Dara MiosanFhogharaiJh, 187 AN GAIDHEAL. 173 stad i fo eagal gu'n lionaclh i e leis mar a shruladb. uisge a cuibblean a sios a bhf uachan. Cbaidh a cur a leth taobh ami an liiib uaigneach d'an ciianal goirid o'a Eaglais Chric. Mu 'n cheart am so blia fear Mr. \ Fulton America maille ri Henry Bell' a Glaschu a' faicimi fuirneis mbòir Charroin. Chuala iad mu 'n bhata ùr { agus chaidh Mr. Fulton a tliaghal air Mr. Si/mington a chum a faicinn. ] Sheall iad gu raion air a feadh, a' • beach(:achadh airgach ni sonruichte m'al timckioll, as iad le clieile a' cur rouipa ' aig au ceud chothrom an ùr-iunleachd cliomliarraiclite so a chur gn biril dhoibli | fein — ni a rinu iad — Mr. Fulton anu an America aims a' bliliadhna 1807, air an abhuinn Hudson, agus Henry Bell, 'n uair a rinn e an Comet anns a' bhliadlma 1812. Uaith sin tha elan' shoilleir nach mor coir America air lir- iniileachd na smuid-shoitheacli. Chuun- aic Mr. Fulton te dhiubh aig Carron — mhiuich Mr. Symington dha gacli ni m'a timchioll — cha 'n e sin a mhàin, aoh cbuir e gu falbh i 'cbura gu'm faiceadb e mar a db' oibricbeadh an t-iom!an, agus e 's a' cheart am ag inn- seadb an fheum a dheanadh e d' an colas a bba e au sin a' faotaiiin, an uair a racbadh e dhaAaidk do America. A tbuilleadb air gnr ann Ti Sasunn o Watt   Ceud Mios an l''hogUaraidh, 187-'. i MIANN NA BAN-EIRE AN NAICH. Bha duine uasal ili'aid lum an Eireann, agus bha a bin an ro dhoiia airson au oil. C'lia ro fill a loirjo iiacii reiccadli i pu ceann- ach an uisgebhcatlia. Bha an duine VL\r\umje-heaiha?'' eigneachadh leatha, 's cha romh fios aige ciod e 'dheanadh e gu thoirt oine 'n t-òf a thrcigsinu. Mu dheireadh, 's ann a chaidh e gu lighiche -bha 'san àito 'dh'iarraidh comhairle air son a (jalair. '^ Am bheil e n'ur comas ni sam bith a thoirt doiiih air son bean a bhios a gabhail na daoraich?" ars' an duine. " 'N e piunnsean a tha uait " ars' an ligh- idle, "mas e, iarr gu fcarail e, 'sna bi 'dean- amh eis?" "0 cha 'n 'eil mise 'g iarraidh puinnsean, ach rud-eigin a bheir oirre sgur de 'n oh" "Na 'm b' urrainn mise leigheas a thoirt air a ghalair sin" ars' an hghiche, "bha m' fhortau deaimta. Ach coma co-dhiù, dian mar so a' nochd. Thoir leat galaa uisge-bheatha ;igus leig leatha òl gus gu to miannach leatha fht-iu sgm-; agus theid mise 'n rathad 's a' mheadhon oidhche." Mar so bha. Thug an duine leis an t-uisge-beatha. Dh'òl a bhean e; agus anns a' nihoadhon oidhche, thàiiiig an lighiche. Dh' f halbh an dithis leis a bhean, agus shia iad i fuar marbh leis a' mhisg ann an seilear iochdiach seann chaisteil a'bha 's a' nàb- uidhcachd. An deigh beagan cadail, dhuisg i, agus shin i air feòrachd c' àite an romh i. "Tha thu ann an tir na bithbhuantachd" ars' an hghiche 'bha 'g a f halach Ihein air a cùl-thaobh. "Agus c' fhada le 'tha mi 's an tir so?" ars' ise. "Tha còrr is bliadhna" ars' an lighiche. " 'S cinuteadi gu 'm bheil mi marbh ma tha mi cho fada sin ann" ars' ise. "Tha cho marbh ri clich." "Agus am bheil thusa marbh mar an ccudna?" "Tha." " Agus c'fhada tha thu 'san dùthaich sol" ars' ise. "Tha còig bliadhna" ars' an lighiche. "Gun teagamb tha sinn uile marbh a reisd." "Tha; gach neach againn." Air do 'u lighiche 'm freagairt so a thoirt di, rinn i suidhe agus air son seal beag lean i air smuaineachadh gu ciiramach. Cha robh f hios aig an lighiche ciod e a bha i 'do! a chautuinn. Mu dheireadh thuirt i — "Tlia mi cinnt- each gu'm bheil thusa gu maih eòlach 'san ùite; am hheil fios agad c' aiV am faigh mi Dara Mies an Fhegharaidli, 1872. AN GAIDAEAL. 179 Cha robh fhios aig an lighiche ciod e 'dheanadh e 'n uair a channaic e gu'n do ehir i'n dram ann an dùthaich nan spioradan; 'a thug e 'chasan aa. TUIREADH BAINTIGHEARNA CHOLA, Gar h-e mis' th' iar mo chiùradh, Thug mi gealladh do 'n chiiii teir, Ged nach leiginn fo run e nas mo.* Moch 's a' mhaduinn '8 tu 'g eiridh, Gur math thigendh dhut feileadh, 'N uair a sgioblaiche;idh m'endail gu falbh. Sealgair /c'idh air an driùch] thu, Bu trom lot o le d' fhiidar, Call fala 's do chii air a lorg. An la thàinig thu dh' Albainn, Bu làmh shònruichte arm thu, Tha sud firiuneach, dearbhta, gun bhòsd. Bu tu 'n cèarrach mòr prìseil, Air chairtean, 's air dhisnean, 'S tu gu 'n coisneadh a' chis air an torm. Agus cearr.ich air feòirne, Air an taileasg ga 'n steùrnadh, 'S tu nach iarradh, 's nach sòradh an t-òr. Bu tu ceinn do hichd-muinntir, Nach robh geur orra 'n cainnt o, Ann an eii-eachdas cimntais no moid. Ach, a Neil choir, a ghaisgich, Fhuair do stialiadh mu 'ii clilachan, 'S e do bhàs chuir am fadal so orm. Chunnacas sud le d' cheann-cinnidh, lad ga d' ghiiilan gu hinnis, 'S iomadh bean a bha sileadh an deòir, Gu 'n robh gruaim air do dhalta, 'N tràth bha 'n uaigh dhuit ga treachailt, 'Sgu'm bi 'n uair nach bu mhaslach e dhò. Ach na 'm b' aithne dbomh d' àireamh, 'S ùr a' choill as an d' fhàs thu, Shiol nam fiaeachan àrd bu mhòr stoirm. Mac Ghill-Eathain air thus leat, Agus larla na Ciiile, Leat mac lonmhuiun bho liichairt Chrò. Leat mac .Shimidh mòr uaibhreach, 'S larl Antruim sec chualas, Lochlann leat an am bualadh, 's bi choir. ■ Aitbris gach ceithreamh da uair. An am tighinn do n fheasgar, 'S mòr m'ionndrain, 's cha bheag i, Mheudaichiomnadh nam fleasgachmobhròn. Mi ri feitheamh na foiche, 'S fir an òrdugh dol seachad, Ach cha lèir dhomh fear d' fhaicinn na 'n coir. Duin'-uasal treun sgairteil, Ur gleusta ro bheachdail. Fear fial dha na bhaisteadh Niall òg. Abracf/ GUTH CHANADA. A'Ghàidheil rùnaich, Is ann le toileachas mòr agus le deadh-dhùr- achd a chuirinn failte 'us fui-an oirbh agus a labhruiun mu'r timchioll na briathran aosda: "An la 'chi 'snach fhaic:" "Gu'ra slàn agus gu'm fortunach a bhitheas sibh," Gun teagamh buiuidh dhuibh cliii 'us mol- adh do bhri'j,h gu'm bheil sibh a' deanamh oidheirp ghasda air canain bhlàth nan Gàidheal a chumail suas agus a sgaoileadh gu pougail anns an dùthaich iir fharsuing so. Tha bhur sgiamh boidheach, grinn. Tha bhur sgeadachadh tiachdmhor. Thug sibh cheana dearbhadh làidir seachad gur è bhur run suidhichte onoir a chur air cainnt bhlasda nam beann. Tha c soilleir mu ni gach Gàidhoal anns an duthaich a dhleas- annas do 'r taobh, nach bi è comasach focal a labhairt an aghaidli bimr snu idh agus 'ur dichioll. Is iomadh latha o'n chunnaic iad- san tha measail air a Ghàilig "Cuairtear" 'n an cainnt fein. Gun amharus tha bhur bàigh ri tir nam beann 'us ri cleachduiunean nan Gàidheal araon làidir agus cliiiiteach, Ged nach 'eil Canada fathast ach ann an tiis a mòrachd 'sa beartais; feumar, aideach- adh gu'n d' riun siol nan gleann agus clann nan Gàidheal mòran cheana a chum an diithaich anns am bheil sinn a' tuiueachadh, a thoirt air a h-aghaidh gu iubhe urramach^ àrd. Tha paipeireau naigheachd gun àir- eranh air an sgriobhadh ann am Beurla agus ann an cànainean eile. Bhitheadh è na ni brònach, tàmailteach, mata, gu'm bitheadh a' Ghàilig gu tur gu'n leabhar no paipear anns am faoiladh gach neach leis an aill uaigheachdan an t-saoghail a leughadh agus a thuigsinn anu am briathran maiseach Oisein. Chi mi gu soilleir gu'm bheil turus maith roimhibh, oir tha iomadh Gaidheal anns an duthaich a tha toilichte agus aigh- earrach bho 'n thog sibh an seòl meadhoin 180 AN GAIDHEAL. Para Mlos a» FhogharaiOh, 1872. acrus a Rgaoil sibh 'ur bri'iiioan geala ris an t-£()iil>lieas. Tlia Canada 'smibhcachadli on liiiith: a^^us tlia mi 'creiilsimi gu 'in bi agbaitas a's mddba, agus (lichioU a's airde air -in noclidadh anns an aiinsir a tha li teaclui. Tha farsuingeachd anabarrach an!is an duthaich; tha leaiann toirach, domhainn ann an ioinadii cciirna; tha rathaidean iaruiiin a nis ag ioinachd air feadli cuibhrionn mhòr de'n tir; tha lorhan nU'^o .114 us abhnaicheau tana a^ainn naoh 'eil aig tir air bith eile; tha eòlas 'us sai)rsa air freumh laidir a ghabhail am measg an t-sluHÌj,h. Nach 'eil againn, niata, aobhar sonruiehte 'blii g' ainbaiic ri fortan mòr. agus ri soirbheachadh paillt anns na laith- ean a iha air thoiseach oirnn? '1 ha mi «arbsach agus dòchasach gu 'in bi laithi^an sunndach, fada air am buib-achadh oirbhsa agus gu'n giidain sibh inmadh stigradh. gean 'us toileachas-iiintinn do liach (iai.lh- eal a bhitheas anu an ioiiadin iomallach na duUicba a' deanamh dachnidh bhuuaiteach dha fein agus mar so a' fosgbidh suas na duthdia. O'n tha'n seol nieadhoin a ni- an àird agus am biita air bioilleauli a' chuaisi, tlia mi 'n dòclias gu'm bi gauth fhàbli.irach daonnan a' lionadh nam breid- ean; agus gu'm bi 'n long ur eireachdail so furasda 'stiùradh agus a gleiiiheacjh aim an uidheam thogarrach. Tha sibh a' gealltuinn gu'n iniiidi sibh le ceum a's luaitho agus a's treise aim an ùin ghniiid. Ni bhur càinlean tjàinieachas an truth a thogas sibh ur f-eann ni 's airde agus a sgaoileas sibe a niach tuille breidean ris an t-soirbheas. 'Ilia ini i:lè cliinnteach gu'm f'eum sibh cuideachadh agus aoidli- I eachd fhaotainn aim an iomadh xlachaidh . agus aig iomadh teine. Bu ni tamailteach j a thachradh da rireadh, na'n diultadh i nridlie Gàidlicil air bith ar>iiih('arhd a thoirt di'.lbh agus còmhnadh adhcauamh le minrn 's iu ilaclid ieibh, Na bilheatlh ioghiiadh ' oirbh mu ni mise (iichioll air litir a sgriobh- adh a uis agus a rithist do bhiir n-ioimsuidli. ; Is mise aig an am, A' Ghàidheil rìinaich, ilhur caraid dileas, "COxX.V." ♦ LITIR A CEANN-A'-GHIUi;iISAlcn. A' filiàidheil rimaich, pf C'eadaichibh dhonih failto cbvidlioil a cliur oiibh As an earrann so de 'n duthaicii. Tha uii 'cluiuntinn, agus mar an ceu  galida is sin fhathasd." Ged n:.ch biodh =òr fheiim mata anns na sean nithean ^in r^a mi 'sa bheachd gum biieil lid aUhr.ah air aite fhaotuinn air taobh duilLagan A" Ghaidh- EIL, do bluigh is gum bheil iad m ir than- asg sgaileach nan laithean a dh' fbalbh, a dh-uiigeas iomadh aigne *:hlà, agu- cuimh- neachan tlnam'.uidlj anu a:., b.oilleach muinntir a tha an diugh math dh' fhaodta fadu fada o sgàile nam fuar bheann. Oir 184 AN GAIDHEAL. Dara ViosanFhogharaidh, 187J. tha sgeiila na h-aimsir a dh' fhalbh, cha "n e ' mhain mar ghath soluis don inam, ach mar fhuaim thiamhuidh nan caocliain uisge ann an gleann iiaigneach fasail "'nuair a thuitcas sg;\ilc na hoidhche, mar gum b' ann a* caoidh na bha," no mar ghaoir iosal mhuladach nan tonn air feasgar cmin anns a' cheitinn, a gbiùile ,nas air falbh an t-anam gu beachd smuiin, agus breillmach- adh air se.ismhachd nàduir agus a b-obair, agus air neo-nitbeacbd fhalasnc'.i gincil chlann daoine. Ma bbcir sibb cead dhomb mata bbeir mi ann an litir eile iomradb air cuid do na nitbcan sin. Aig an am is mi 'ur Caraid. RUNASDACH. Glaschu, air Cluaidh, \ CeuUMios an Fhogharaidh 1872,. / NAIGHEACHDAN. Tha crioch a nis air a' Pharlamaid; agus an uair a leughar uirghioll na Ban-rijj;h, tha e soirbh ri fhaicinn gu "n deach barrachd obair a dheanamh am bliadhna, air son gnothaichibh na diithcha— araon aig an taigh a's thairis — a thoirt air an aghairt na chaidh a dheanamh o cheann iomadh bliadhna. Mu dheighinn na ceiste chud- thromaich a bha eadar sinn fhein agus na Staidibh Aonaichtc, tha e taitneach ri inn- seadh gu'm bheil e coltacli ris gun teid crioch shiochail oirre; agus nach bi i fada na ceap-tuislidh air son a bhi 'gàrach mi- run eadar an da rioghachd. Cha ruig sinne leis gacli ni a th'air an ainmeachadh anns an uirghioll Kioghall a chur sios air duilleagaibh A' Ghaidheii.; foghnaidh e dhuinn a chant uinn, gu'm bheil a chuid as honmhoire dhe 'n t-sluagh taingeil air son, agus, toilichte leis, na chaidh de ghnothaichean na riogh achd a dheanamh air a' bhliadhna so. Tha na Sasunnaich a nise 'sgaoladh feadh na duthcha, mar as cleachdach h-o aig an am so. Tha mòran diubh air tigliinn thun na_ Gàidhealtachd. Air feadh an Eilein Sgiathanaich, gu deimhinn air feadh nam Beann uile, tha iad cho lionmhor ris na meanbh-chuileagan. Tha tlachd mòr aig na Sasunnaich ann a bhi 'gamharc air hxA bhcanntaibh na Gàidhealtachd, agus gun teagamh tha seallaidhean dc'n t-scorsa 'g àrach smuaintinean maiseach, oirdhearc. ann an cridheachan air bith aig am bheil an gradh is lugha do obair a' chruthaichidb, »gus diomhaireachd obair nàduir. Tha na Gàidheil a tha a ghnàth a' measg nam beann 's nan gleann air fas cho eòlacli air gach scalladh a tha ri fhaicinn agus gu'n bheil mòran diubh nach saoil dad sam bith ^0 na ccart-sheallaidhean a thogadh si cridheachan nan Gàidheal 'sa' bhaile. Mar gach neach eile tha a' Bhan-righ fhein tiffhinn gu math gu tuath air an Fhoghar Tha iomradh air gum bheil i gu pàirt de 'u iiine a cliur seachad cuide ris an Diùc Chat'ìch a'n Dim-Roibin. Tha muiuntir Inbhir-nis ro dheigheil air gu'm fan i ùin« gheàrrna'm baile bòidheach fhein; agus chaidh dithis dhaoine urramach, iProbhdst Mac-Choinuich agns a roirah-shealbhadair, Maidscar Lyon Mac-Choinnich) 'ga cuircadh gu tàmh aig Inbhir-nis 's an dol seachad. Tha fear de phaipearan naigheachd Inbhir- nis ag ràdh gu'm biodh e ro iomchuidh clach-chuimhne "chuir suas anns a' bhaile air son a tàmha. Tha iad a' meas gun- cosg a' chlach so (ma bhios a leithid ann) corr air mile punnd Sasunnach — ach ciod e dh'aith- nicheas muiuntir Clacli-na-cudainn sin uatha ? Thug Ban-impire nam Frangach agus a mac cuairt feadh na Gàidhcaltachd air a mhios a chaidh seachad. Bha i ann am Biddeanach, ann an Lochabar, 's anns an Eilein Sgiathanach. Bha an dùthàich a' taitinn ro mhath rithe. Tha feadhainn-a thàinig 'na car air an t slighc ag innscadh gu'n robh bruidhiun mhor aice air son lite, ' s gach seòrsa bidhe eile a's cleachdach a a bhi aig na Gàidheil. Tha i ag ràdh nach coir do na Gàidheil a Gh;aiig a leigeil bàs; agus gun teagamh sam bith tha i ag inn- seadh na firinn. 'Nuair a bha i anns an Eilean Sgiathanach bha iomradh mòr aice air a' Phrionnsa 'sair Fionnghal nighean Raonuill Mhic-Aonghais òig. !Mu"n do dh- fhàg i an t eilean sgriobh i ann an leahhar itn Itichd tatliaich 's an taigh-òsda, anns a' chaiunt Fhrangaich: — "B' fheàrr Icam ^u'n romh an t-eilean so, ris am bheil iomad co- cheangal an eachdraidh agus anns am bheil lanntair cho oirdhearc, air a thaghal le luchd- turais, agus air a mhcas leoth'a mar bu ch(Mr da a bhith. Tha am bàrr fior mhath anns gach cearu- aidh dc'n (Ihàidhealtachd; ach tha sinn a' faighinn cunnlas gu'm bhel an gaiseadh anns a' bhuntàta ann an àitean. Tha iasgach an sgadain gu math air dcir- cadli am bliadhna. Ged a chaidh niòrau a ghlacadli ann an ùitean, cha 'n 'eil e idir cho math 's a blia c mu'u tide so an uiridh. Tiia an aimsir glc fhliuch am bitheantas. Air a' mhios a chaidh seachad bha crith- ; ìaxa, Mio3 an Fhogharaidh, 1872. AN GAIDHEAL. 185 C ;h;ilmhuinn ann an àiteiin de 'n Ghaidheal- ;aclid, ach cha deach c.ill sam bith a dhean- imh. NITHE NUADH AGUS SEAN. Thuir grliflh do na h uile; dean enrbsa rf beagan; na dean olc do iieach; bi a'd' fhear dùlain an neart ni 's mo na 'n cleacbda'di; agus glèidh do chaiaidfo inchair do bbeatha fèin; fuilinir bacadh air son a bbi sàmhach agus na togar cis dhiot a chaoidh air son a bhi labhrach. Facail 's am bith anns am bbeil tbu ag innseadb do sgeòii mur 'eil iad atoirt do mhuinntir eile na brigh a tha thu fein a' toirt asda, dia'n'eil thu a' d' fhear labhaiit na fìrinn o d' chridhe. Tha neart agus urram duinea' comh-sheas- amh 'n a reuson ; tha gach ni a dhorchaicheas t no a mhilleas an comas inntinn luachmhor Ì so, a' lagachadh,a'lughdatliadh,'sa' deananih I Beach suaracli. [! Seakgaidh maise ann an ùine ghcìirr, ach r mairidh subhailc agus tahinn maille ruiun, Nagus mar a's aosda a tlia eina a' fas 's ann a's fearr a tha ihd a' dol. Tha Bòidhichead ni's miosa na deoch liiidir; tha i a' cur an neach anns am hheil i agus an ncach a tha 'g amharc oirrc air mhisg. TGIMHSEACHAI>^. 1. T]>a mi ni 's airde na beanutaibh an domhain, Agus gun bhreug thamoleudyun tomlias, Cumaidh 'n sealgear mi suas, 'an cluais a ghunua, Ged tha mi ni's truime na mile tunna. 2. Skird' 6 na na beanntan, 'S doimhne e na 'm muir, 'Sgi^ire e na"n draighionn dubb, 'Smilse e na 'mhil. 3. Cha n eil  heal. J. Botul uisge bheatha. 2. Uaireadair. 3. An corraii buana. 4. An t uisge 's roth a' mbuilinn. 5. An hiath a falach nan eighlean. 6. Cearc. SOP AS GACH SEID. 'S ann an uair a' s gainne 'm biadh is coir a roinn. 'S mine m.in na gran; 's mine mnai na fir. 'S e lionmhoireachd na làimhe a ni obair aotrom. Ma their rni fhèin 'Hhu' ri mo chu, their a' h- uile fear e. Ma their thu na 's l^ir dhuit, their thu na 's nhir leat. 'S call caillich a poca, 's gun tuilleadh a bhi aice. fs sàmbach an obair a' dol a dholaidh. S fearr pilleadh "am meadhon an alha no bath- adh uile. Niiirc nam maighdeannan an luirgnibh nan cailleachan. Tha thu cho breugach 's a tha an luch cho bradach. Tuitidh ton cadar da chathair; 's tigheadas eadar dh, mhuinntir. Na toir droch mheas air mac luideagach, no air loth pheallagach. 'N uair a chailleas duine a stòras cha 'n fhiii a sheòladh no a chomhairleachadh. 'S ann aig an duine fein a'sfeàirfìosc' iiitam bheil a bhròg 'g a ghoirteachadh. FREAGAIRTEAN. Slàn iomradh air "Callum a' Ghlinne." Fhuair sinn an litir mhodhail,shuairce 'chuir e thugainn. Chi e gu'm bheil sinn a dean- amh ieuma dc phùirt de na bha innte. Gabh- aidh sinn an còrr uaithe fhathast; ach 's eug- ainn duinu inn*eadh da gur mur a's fearr ieinn na seann thoimhscachain, ua an f headh- ainn iira, se sin mar a bi an fheadhainn ùra tìor mhath. Chi " Callum" gii'm bheil finn a sgrlobhadh beatha "Challuim a' Ghlinne." Ach 'siomadh bonaid gorm a lb' air an fheill, a's air an aubhar sin tuigidh "Callum" nach e bheatha sa 'tha againr.e 'n ar beachd. Coma co-dhiu, "'Chalìum" lean thusa air àbhachd do shinnseir, agus. cuimhnicb ged a thachras iomadh bodachan gnu riut aig am bheil fuath do gach ni dhe'n t seòrsa, nach "toir iad fo'n iiir na's miigh' na bheir Callum." Chi "Gille nan rann" gum bheil siun'a toirt "Slàn le Fionn-airidh anns a' Bheurla. Bithidh ar luchd-leughaidh toilichte FAILTE fhaighinn anns A' GuAiDHEALair a' mbiosso,bho an "SGIATHANACH" air an romh mùran diubh eòlach anns an t-seann "Chuairtear." Tha R. B. ag iarruidh oirnn a leth-sgeul a ghabhail ri ar luchd-leughaidh air son niear- achd beag a rinn e anns an àireamh mu dheir- eailh a \haobh bèis an OUamh Leòdaich. Chaochail an t-Ollamh Mac Leòid air IGmh is cha-n ann air an 19mh mar tha air a chur sios. 186 AN GAIDHEAL. DaraMlosanFho OPtAN MOLAIDH DO CHOMUNN NAN GAIDHEAL ANN Ai BAILE THORONTO. Le Eoghan Mac-Cholla. Clad fàilte air Coniunn nan armnnn deas, foinnidh, Ni diitbcbas an ath'raicliean 'cburaail a suas, Seann dùtbclias nan Gàidbeal, an cliii a's an canain — A' cbainnt sin a tbàinig Ijbo Adbainh a nuas — Mar Bud a's an t-eideadli, air srùid no air sleibbte, Ta uallacb, deas, eutrora — grinn, greadbnacb an snuadb; Sàr-ebomunn mo cbridbel cba'n iogbuadb ged bbitbinn 'An so, mar is dbgheacb, a' guidbe leo buaidh. Mo gb;iol na fir iira nacb cuireadb an cùl-tbaobb Ri Ceob-aidb an dùlbcba — fìor dbiitbaicb nam Bard: Bbo mbac rigb na Fèinne gu Donnacba Ban geur-bbinn, Co 'n tir sin fo 'n gbrein air a b-aosdàin bbeir bàrr? Co'n neach leis nacb solas j^bi 'n cuideacbd lucbd òrain? Deagb iomradb 'n an cònibradb mo stor agus m' àgb; Bi 'bb sil)bse nis dileas do cbleacbdiiinu co rlogliail, 'S a cbaoidb cba teid dltb air caiunt gbriuu nam beann-àrd. €ba 'n eòl domb toil-inntinn is mo na bbi cluinntiun Piob mbòr nan dos cnaimb-gbcal is fonnmboire fuaim; 'N uair tbeid i gu combraidb air faicbe no 'n seòmar B' e'u ceòl tbar gacb ceòl learn a tòrman 'nam cbluais; X am lannan a rùsgadb, 's na b-àrmuin do 'n run i Air naimbdean a' briicbdadb le gnùisean gun gbruaim, Suas "Gillean an Fbcile" air pioban deagb-gbleusacb, 'S cba duilicb ri leughadb co 'n taobb a gbeibb buaidb ! 'S iad cleacbduinn nacb miosa gu neartacbadb cbriosa 'Bbi tilgeadb nan Cabar 's a' cur na Cloicb-neirt: 'S e sid a rinn làidir ar u-atbraicbean ta'cbdacb— Mo tbruaigb iad 'tbig ceàrr orr' a' stàibnn nan glac! Am fear leis an snaracb 'bbi 'galtrum no luaidb air Gacb lùtb-cbleas grinn uasal ta 'n uair so 'n ur beacbd, Cba deanainu a cbàineadb, ged 's cinuteaob a ta mi Gur siocbaire grannd' e de db-àl air bbeag tblacbd. Ged 's mitbicb nis dbòmb-sa 'bbi 'criocbnacbadb m' òrain, Tba tuille gu leòir a bu mbiann leara a ràdb Mu dbeigbinn ua tir sin tba daonan air m' inntinn — Seann Albaiun do-cbiosnaicbt', do 'n fbirinn tbug grùdb, Ciad soraidb tbar cbuan bbuam 'g a b-ionnsuidb, mo cbruadal! Bbi 'n so mar cun fuadain fad' uaip' — acb ged 'tba, Mq 'n tcid as mo smuainteau tir àluiun nan cruacb-bbeanu Bitbidb 'n cridhe so f uar anns an luaitbre a' cnàmh ! ENGLISH DEPAKTMENT. SEPTEMBER, 1872. E HISTORY OF THE HIGH- LANDS. lere are few things more import- » the Gael at this moment than history of his country. It does as if the language of the Gael destined to be stamped out ere If the history of the Highlands the Highland people is not written |l after that stamping out has taken , I have no hesitation in saying it never will be written. No one fT'ending to any acquaintance with h subject, acknowledges that there is H] real history of the Highlands in »rt. There are books on the subject, re valuable in their way, and deserv- u to be carefully studied, if it were )F to see how very little they contain jfjal Highland history, and to realise bl duty devolving upon the present »(eration of Highlanders. What has b(a printed on this subject may almost b( placed under this one head, — ^just wit was necessary to the history of Ejland and of the Saxon court in Stìand. iVhere are we to look for the mate- ris with which to build up the very ijjortant edifice of Highland history? ilm afraid we are not so fortunate in t s respect as the Irish have been. Ire- 1; d has been very much in the same F'dicament with the Highlands in so f as that her history, as written, has Im just the western skirt, or fringe, or f/ters of the History of England, and irped, twisted and torn to suit the Irposes of the garment to which it Ts the draggled fringe. When the tmachaidh of Erinn bethought them of their duty in this respect, what did they do? They set about ascertaining and arranging the native materials, chiefly in manuscript. Their country had its own historians, its story-tellers and its bards : it had its schools and its places of retreat for the learned classes. But, just as with us, these sources of information were ignored by the writers whose compositions were accepted in England and Scotland as Irish history. Even so patriotic — or pseudo-patriotic — a man as Tom Moore wrote a "History of Ireland," for the English booksellers, and that work is accepted as genuine history. Subsequently when the late piofessor O'Curry was eng.ii^ed on the old MSS. of his country in the rooms of the Royal Irish Academy, the late distinguished archroologist, Dr. Petrie, and Tom Moore, paid him a visit. The poet asked the professor what those yellow tomes were upon which he was so intent, and noticing the confusing characters inserted upon their pages, he inquired if the professor could de- cipher them. O'Curry gave a brief account of the MS. before him, and of others of the same class, telling the poet that he was transcribing and translating it. " And I," exclaimed the poet, "took upon me to write the history of my country, and yet I did not know of the existence of the mate- rials from which it should have been written !" For a number of years, O'Curry and O'Donnovau were engaged upon these MSS., making facsimilies, copies, and translations. Three volumes of results have appeared, viz., '' The manuscript materials of Irish History," and two ISS THE GAEL. Sept., 1871 volumes of tlie Irish " Breliou Laws." The former vohirae consists of a course of lectures by O'Curry, giviug a sort of popular introduction to tlie various classes of Irish MSS., tracing their history, their subjects, and their pre- sent places of keeping. By the uhani- mous testimony of all competent wit- nesses, this is one of the most valuable contributions of modern times, not only to Irish history and archaiolog}', but to all history. It is a work of which the whole Gaelic race has reason to be proud ; and more than that, it goes to encourage us to set about doing for our own branch of the Gaelic people what O'Curry did for his. I may mention here, that a very im- portant contribution was made to the materials of Irish history by the Ord- nance survey of Irpland, although that contribution is not included in the volumes to which I refer. Whilst the survey was going on, such men as O'Curry and O'Donnovan were picked up in their respective localities, the one from Clare and the other from the southern part of Kilkenny, and attached to the statF of surveyors, for the purpose of eliciting and utilizinj* the topo- graphy of the country. Vast stores of materials were thus collected besides what were utilized in perfecting the survey records; and among the private MSS. of O'Curry will be found treasures little inferior to what he has published in his lectui-es. It is to be hoped tliat these MSS. will not be allowed to be forgotten and lost. But I may be asked, " ^yhat analogy is there Ijetween our case and that of the Irish in respect to MSS.? We have no manuscripts in our own tongue?" Perhaps not; but perhaps we have. There is not very long since the .same thing would have been said of Ireland. She liad no MSS. until they were looked for ; and when looked for, it was not always in her own libraries they were found. Some of them were found in Eome, some in Loraine, somi at Oxford, and others at Stowe an(j elsewhere. For any thing we know a! this moment, there are scores of volume.) of the same kind, pertaining to ou.| country in the Tower of London and ill Dumbarton Castle. What were th roportions and finish. This we know ; and many more things pointing to this interdependence, arc equally certain, though not yet quite so well known. There is another analogy, however, between the case of Ireland and our own which I must mention here, viz., the bearing of the Ordnance Survey. This survey is at present going on in the Highlands. Can any one tell what is being done to fix the topography, to elicit the traditions which may be said to hang upon the topography, and to preserve the scraps of lore which cannot fail to turn up in the course of search- ing for the meaning and the origin of the names of places ? Here is an ad- mirable opportunity afforded for col- lecting vast quantities of the choicest materials for Highland history. But to ,be turned to account, we must set com- : peteut men to the work. Have we I done so? Or have we given the sub- ' ject a moment's consideration ? I have been told that there are several Gaelic-speaking men employed - on the Ordnance Survey, and that some of them are devoted in a measure to the work of elucidating Gaelic names. I am further informed that at the head office there is a competent Gaelic scholar through whose hands every- thing of this kind is made to pass ere it is acceiDted as settled; and that in a book accompanying each section of the survey maps, there is a sort of digest given of the topography. This is very interesting, gratifying, and valuable, so far as it gots; but there will be a great quantity of matter, as I have said, turned up in the course of the Ordnance inquiries which, although irrelevant to the purpose of the in- quirers, should be carefully preserved, and in our present chaotic state, we do not know what on earth has been done so as to insure its preserva- tion. I would here suggest that the Secretary to the Inverness Gaelic Society should be instructed to write to Mr. Carpenter, of the Ordnance Survey at Southampton, to ascertain what is being done, and what further is necessary to be done towards turning the work now in hand to the best ac- count for the purposes of Gaelic His- tory, philology and archa3ology. At the same time, the Society should establish relations, as quickly as possi- ble, with the officers of the Survey over the countrjs not only for the sake of the objects for which the Society exists, but in the hope of being of some service in rendernig the Survey itself all the more perfect. Without moral or philosophy, I leave these hurried suggestions to be pondered by the readers of The Gael. A FRAGMENT OF OSSIANIC POETRY. Through the kind attention of a correspondent in Lochalsh we are glad to be able to present to the attention of our readers a genuine fragment of Ossi- ajiic poetry that has never before 190 THE GAEL. api)eared in print, the very existence of which, indeed, is known to very few. It is exceedingly interesting as a relic of ancient poetry, for ancient it uiKjues- tionably is, presenting in every line abundant internal evidence of be- ing the composition of a very remote period. It has all the characteristics of the poems attributed to O.ssian, the son of Fingal, nor will Celtic scholars fail to perceive its bearing upon the still unsettled controversy as to the authen- ticity and genuineness of the poems of the Bard of Morven. One gladly wel- comes even the feeblest ray of light or elucidation of what many still persist in considering a dark and mysterious guestio vexata. Of the history of this fragment our correspondent, a poet himself of no mean order, writes as follows: — "I have much pleasure in sending you annexed a piece of very old poetry — Osiàanic I think. It was taken down from the recitation of an old tailor who died in Kintail a few years ago. I do not know where another copy of it could be found, except one I sent some years ago to the Rev. Thomas Maclauchlan, now Dr. Maclauchlau of Edinburgh. I shall be curious to hear what you think of it." BARUACHD DHEIREANNACH OISEIN. (a fragment.) Seisear sinne saor o shliochd, Seisear nach do smaoinich lochd, Chaidh fear dheth 'n t-seisir fo lie, — 'S mòr fàth mo chlisgidh 'noehd. Coigear sinne a' del air ghleus, Sud e li-ugad Righ na Greig, O'n 's dearbiita dlminn a del air chuairt, Bhuineadh uainne fear dheth -n trend. Ceathrar sinn a' sealg re seal, A bhuidheanu anna 'nach gabh gior; Air clio cruaidh 's dan cuirte leinn cath, Bhuineadh uainne fear dheth na fir. Triuir sinn 'an gniomhan cor, 'G aithrÌB thairis air chleas arm, 8hiubhail a' ghrian o ear gu iar, 'S bhuineadh u«iimt 'n triath gua ohealg. Suidhidh sinn 'nar dithis a muigh; Sgaoilidh sinn fo 'nar gean : Thainig an t Aog mar bu dlighe, 'S bhuin e uarns' an dara fear. Mise 'nam aonar 'nan deigh, Cha bheatha dbon:h ach am bàs, Cha tainig air thalamh 'nuas Aon neach leis nach cruaidh an cà 'S mi 'n aon chnò cli-fhas 's a 'mhojj Gun chnò eile n am fhasgath; 'S gearr mo bhogadh gu tuiteam, 'S a' ghaoth dol fodham gu farsuci 'S mi 'n aon chraobh a dh-fhas 's a' Mar stoc a bhuaileas an fenn ; Cha bheathu dhomh ach am bas, 'S mairg 'ga fàgar a' làmh lom. Caoilte, Goll, agus Oorraidh, Agus Oscar uallach, slios-gheal, Mise 's Ruidhne o'n a' mheann-bhei Gum b'e sud ainm an t-seisir. So interested are we in the abov we subjoin for the benefit of ou lish readers a translation which w somewhat hurriedly this afterno( is tolerably literal, and the sen manner and tone of the original found reproduced with cousic fidelity. The difficulty of doing to such compositions in any trans however laboured, is very great, who have ever tried it will : admit : — OSSIAN'S "SONG OF SORROW HIS OLD AGE. (a fragmbnt.) Six childless men were wo, who ne'er   then sat upon the green hill-side "a all we love we're fated still to part) ; Death, unlooked for, came again, mljtook the sole companion of my heart. i alone, the last of that brave band ; 3mbering other years, I sit and mourn ; ted we must die, but still 'tis sad, 3 the j ourney whence shall none return. nut cluster on the hazel bough, [ast nut I— the rest are fall'n and gone, to fall, I tremble in the breeze, wandering through the woods makes rie moan. t tree of the clump upon the hill, and withered, I stand all alone, 1 1 loved are gone, and soon must I jlhke the leaves that on the earth are rown. bold, and Oorrie brave, and Gaul, Oscar fleet of foot and fair of skin, and Euno, from the hill of fawns — le were the Six in love and Wiir akin. ;g to call attention to the exceed- 3auty of the sixth, seventh, and hi quatrains of the above in the 'q al lay ; And viewed the sun's departing raj^, WandVing o'er Dun Finary, Eirich agus, &c. AlU-na-CailUch's gentle stream. That murmers sweetly through the greei What happy, joyful days I've seen, Beside the banks of Finary. Eirich agus, &c. Farewell, ye hills of storm 'and sno^v, The wild resorts of deer and roe ; In peace the heath cock long may crow^ Alon? the banks of Finary. Eirich agus, &c. 'Tis not the hills nor woody vales Alone my joyless heart bewails; A mournful group this day remains Within the manse of Finary Eirich agus, &c. Can I forget Glenturret's name? Farewell, dear father, best of men ; May heavens joys with thee remain Within the manse of Finary. Eirich agus, &c. ■Mother! — a name to me so dear — Must I, must I leave thy care, And try a world that's full of snares, Far, 'far from thee and Finary 1 Eirich agus, &c. Brother of my love, farewell; Sisters, all your griefs conceal ; Your tears suppress — your sorrows quell. Be hai-ipy while at Finary. Eirich agus, &c. Archibald, my darling child. May heaven thy infant footsteps guide, Should I return, may 1 find Thee smiling still at Finary. Eirich agus, &c. must I leave these happy scenes! See they spread the flapping sails! Adieu, adieu my native plains ; Farewell, farewell to Finary. Eirich agus, cfcc. ept.lS72. THE GAEL. 193 NEWS OF THE HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS. The deer forest and shootings of Glen- itrathfarar, belonging to Lord Lovat, in the arish of Kihnorack, Inverness-shire, have een let to Mr. Weyness, an American entleman. at an animal rent of £4000. Dingwall. — At the Quarter Sessions of le County of Ross, held on Tuesday, Mr. lex. Hay, solicitor, Dingwall, was appoint- i Procurator-Fiscal of the Justice ot Peace ourt, in room of Mr. John Shaw, vrho had isigned. Important Exchangk of La>:ds in Inver- Ess-SHiRE. — We unilerstand that Mr Bailie iQchfour, and Sir J. W. I'amsden, Bart., ave made an aggreement for the exchange fthe former's lands within tlie parish of aggan, for the latter in the parishes of In- erness and Dores. The value cf the lands id others so to be exchanged, are common- reported ro be worth on either side up- irds of £200,000. 'tkince Charles & Flora Macdonalr. — must notice a popular and poetical delusion )Olit Prince Charles and Flora Macdonald. Diig-writers and painters have fancied, and ade other people believe, that Flora went andcring about with the Prince for a con- derable time, watching over his sleep in ives, in a kind of Juan and Haidee fashion, lapted to the Highland meridian. Now, 1 this hap])cns to be mere imagination; and the reality is quite romantic enough, id at the same time perfectly respect )le, I think, being something of a Platonist, at these inaccurate representation of poets id painters ought to be discouraged. In )mt of fart. Flora, was but two nùjlds in impany with the Prince. The first night as on board the open boat that carried him d her ami Neil Macdonald (father of Mar- ill Macdonald, Duke of Tarentum) from snbecula to Skye, The second night was the house ofI\liss Flora's future father-in- vr, the brave old Macdonald of Kingsburg. 1 the following day she escorted the Prince Portree, and that night, "he slipped out the, house," says Boswell, "leaving his ir protectress, whom he never again saw." ■'W." in .Scolsman. Wallace's Sv/ord — The Countess of tadon arrived at Kilmarnock from England Tuesday night last, on her way to Loud- n Castle. The Coun tess brought with her )m England the sword of Wallace. This sword has been preserved at Loudoun Castle from the Death of Wallace until five years back, when it was removed by the late Marquis of Hastings to his seat in Leicester- shire. On the death of the Marquis in 1868 it passed into the possession of the present Countess. The mother of Wallace was a daughter of Loudoun, and on the death of his uncle, Sir Reginald Crawford of Loudoun (hanged by the English at Ayr), Wallace had the custody of his only daughter, Susannah Crawford of Loudoun, who married a son of Sir Neil Campbell, of Argyll, and was ancestress of the present Countess of Loudoun, the hereditary cus- todian of the sword of William Wallace. Nationality of our Regiments. — A re- turn just before Parliament gives the nationality of the various officers in the different regiments of our army, There are altogether ^5982 English, 809 Scotch, and 1711 Irish. In none of the regiments do the Scotch officers show a preponderence save in the Highland regiments. The greatest portion of Scotch officers is in the 79th or Cameron Highlanders, which has 25 Scotch to 8 English and 7 Irish officers. The 92nd or Gordon Highlanders, the 42nd or Royal Highlanders, and 78th Highlanders have each 19 Scotch officers. The 42nd has 15 English and 4 Irish officers, while the 92nd has 12 and 5 Irish officers,- and the 78th Highlanders has 10 English and 10 Irish officers. Of the Household Cavalry, in the 1st and 2nd Life Guards, and Royal Horse Guards, there are only II Scotch offiicers to 64 English and 15 Irish. In the Cavalry of t'le line, there are only 81 Scotch officers, to 605 English and 161 Irish. In the Royal Artillery there are 104 Scotch, to 1088 English and 190 Irish officers. In the Royal Engineers there are 52 Scotch, to 424 English and 134 Irish. Permission to Tenants to Kill Hakes and Rabbits. — The EJgin Cournnt states that Colonel James Grant, M.P. for the counties of Moray and Nairn, has just granted permission to the tenants on his astate of Main, to kill hares and rabbits on their farms. This concession is quite a vol- untary one, and the tenantry highly appreciate it. They are allowed to kill these destructive animals themselves, or by deputy without any restrictions whatever, so that it will be their own fault if they suffer dam- age. 194 THE GAEL. Sept., 1872 GAELIC BURSARY. On this iubJGot Professor Blackic addresses the following letter to the Editor of The Inverness Courier. "Altnacrai;^', Oban, 2d August 1872. "Sir, — At the late meeting of the Inver- ness Gaelic Society, at which I had the honour to be present, one of the speakers announced that it was in prospect to found a bursary for a Gaelic student from the funds of the Society. I presume this bur- sary is intended not only for the advance- ment of Highland talent generally, but, in connection with that, specially for the encouragement of the GaeVc language and literature. On this supposUion I venture to make the following suggestions, trusting that they will meet with the kindly consid- eration of the Society: — "1. That the qualifications for holding the bursary shall be general excellence in the studies of the schools attended by the student previous to his joining the Univer- sity; and in addition to this a colloquial command of the Gaelic language. "2. That at the commencing of every season, during the term of his bursary, the student shall be examined of his knowledge of Gaelic grammar, philosophy, and litera- ture, according to a graduated scale of progress; and l\\?± a fair pass in this exam- ination shall be a condition sine qua non of the annual p ^yinent of his bursary. "3. That the ([ualification of the student shall be tested by impartial persons well skilled in the Gaelic language, to be named by the Society. "If these, or some such regulations be made, our Gaelic students will be induced to join classical and Celtic philology in a fashion equally pleasant and profitable, calculated no less to exercise their usefulness in school or pulpit, than to plant their lin- guistic studies on a broader and a firmer basis. — I have the honour to be yours, &c. "John Stuart Blackie." The ARciYT.KsniRE Gatherisg. — On the ocwision o'" the home-coming of the Princoss Louise at Invcrary last year the lairds of the county of Argyll who were present to welcome her Royal Highness determined to organise an annual social meeting in the county. To carry out this idea an associa- tion was formed under the presidency of the Marquis of Lome, which adopted the name of the " Argylcshire Gathering" and intends to inaugurate its proceedings by a ball at Oban on the 1st of October, at which, it is stated, the Marquis of Lome and Princess Louise, Marchioness of Lome, will be present. IsLAY— Ordination.— On Tuesday, the 13th inst., the Free Presbytery of Islay or- dained the Rev. Alexander Lee, A.M., to the pastoral charge of Kildalton and Oa. The Rev. James Pearson of Kilarrow pre- sided on the occassion, and after the ordina- tion, suitably addressed tiie pastor and people. Dr. Maclauchlan of Edinburgh, and Rev J. F. Macara, Kinloss, being present, were associated with the Pj-esbytery. At the close of the services, the young minister received a most cordial welcome from the members of his flock. Call to the Rev. Mr Kennedy Ding- wall. — The Free Gaelic Congregation of Greenock met on Thursday, the 16th August, and agreed to present a call to the Rev. John Kennedy, Dingwall, to become their minister. The East Coast Herring Funixc. — The total catch of herrings to this date for the 3300 boats from Aberdeen to Wick inclusive is 830,000 cjaus, of wliich two-thirds are on the Aberdeen coast, Fraserburgh alone having about lOO.OuO crans. The I Wick catch is only about 50,000, or half last year's to a like date. The catch on the I whole coast is 20,000 less than last year's, ! but a good deal above the average of former years. Sale or an Invf.^ness-shire Estate.— The estate of Raasay and Rona, in western [nveruess-shire, \\ii r O-JLZIDSIEJ^L. TREAS MIOS AN FHOGHARAIDH, 1872. I Leabh.] [8 Air. CALLUM A' GHLINNE. Earran II. B' e Galium* an t-aon a b' oige de 'n teaglilacli, agus mar is trie a thachair, b' esan ailleagan agus annsachd na h- uile neacli; bu gliriau 's bu gbealach .gacli ui 'theireadh no 'dheanadli e. Bba e 'ua leauabb tirail f allain eireacbd- ail. 'Na f bior leauabuidbeacbd, tbais- bean e buadbau inntinu a bba combarraicbte— bba 'aignidbean maotb soitbeamb ciuiu so-gbluasadacb, agus a cbuimbue gramail, dionacb. Sbuidb- eadb e gacb feasgar Sabaid gu sambacb tosdacb ag eisdeacbd le dian aire ri ceasnacbadb an teagblaicb, agus ri leugbadb a' Bbiobuil. Ann 's a' cbeatbramb bliadbna d' a aois db' aitbriseadb e gu pongail 'na cbainnt liotacb shimpblidb fbdin, Eacbdraidb a Cbrutbacbaidb; Tuiteam an duine; Togail na b-Airce le Noab, agus Sgrios an t-saogbail leis an Dile. Ki b-uine, obaidb a cbur do sgoil na sgireacbd, a bba mu cbeitbir mile db' astar uaitlie. Be Leabbar aitbgbearr nan Ceisdean, auns a' Bbeurla, leis an Aibideil Eomanaicb agus Eadailteicb, maille ris na fogbairean agus na comb- fhogbaireau, agus mu leud na boise do fboclan da-litreacb agus tri-litreacb air a' cbeud duilleig, a bba air uiseacb- adb auns an sgoil mar an ceud leabbar fogbluim. Aig ceann seacbduin no dba, cbo luatb 's a fbuair Galium lamb-an- uacbdar air a cbeud duilleig, cba robb a null no nail aige acb agbaidb a tboirt a db' aon leum air "Criocb araid an duine," mar sin fbuair e 'macb gun dail nacb b' fbeal- adbà an sgoileireacbd; coma co-dbiu — cbuir e 'uebd ris an ucbdaicb, agus mu'n robb e thar dusan bbadbna dh' aois, tbog e uiread do fbogblum 'sa bba am maigbistir-sgoile comasacb air a tbeagasg dba. Mu'n am so, fbuair e leabbar araidb a rinn greim agus drugbadb combarraicbte air 'intinn — ursgeul gaoil da 'm b' ainm "Paul and Virginia." Bba 'n t-ursgeul anabarrach tiambaidb so-gbluasadacb. Ged b' iomadb oran gaoil agus cumba a cbuala Galium air an seinn agus air an leugLadb, lucbdaicbte mar bba iad am bitbeantas le mulad 's le bron, le iundrainn 's le cianalas, le bristeadb- cridbe 's le diiil-bbristeadb — cba d'rinn iad riamb acb ro bbeag de dbeargadh air aignidbean an coimeas ris an ursgeul ud. Be criocb an ursgeoil, an deigb bliadbnacban do 'n gbaol bu dealasaicbe agus a bu dilse, taobb air thaobb, gaol nacb do lasaicb riamb roimb dbiomb cbairdean, no roimh tliuaileas lucbd mi-ruin, gun deacbaidb Virginia a bbatbadb. Bba dealbh anns an leabbar, a nocbdadb mar a fbuair Paul i, ann an oir a' mbuir-làin, le a broilleacb ruisgte, agus a folt dualacb camagacb riobta le feamuinn 's le lirein a letb-cbombdacb a muineil. Bba 'leitbid de bbuaidb aig deireadb cianail an ursgeoil ud air cridbe maotb Cballuim bbocbd agus gur trie a b' eigin dba teicbeadb a macb do bbadan coille a bba dlutb do 'n tigb, gu bbi 'fosgladb tuil dborsan a cbridbe ann an comb-fbulangas ri cranncbur cruaidh- fbortanacb " Phoil agus Virginia" " Tba tri nitbe a tbig gun iarruidb, — an t-eagal, an t-iadacb 's an gaol " agus CO aca 'bba no nacb robb ursgeul " Phoil agus Virginia" ann an tombas 196 AN GAIDHEAL. Treas Mios an Fhogharaidh, 1872. airbith'na mhathair-aobhair dha,laidh galar a' ghaoil gu scaiteach fuatbasach air Galium mu 'n am ud, og 's mar a bha c ; cba b' fhada gus an d' fbairicb esan do rireadh Nach 'eil gaol ann cJio teth ri's a cheud ghaol. Air latha de iia laitbibh an uair a bha Galium mar sud a sior-chnuasachadb ciod a dheireadh dha fèin na 'm biodh e iinns an t- suidheachadb dbeucbainncach 's an robb Pol, thainig ceard a dh' ionnsuidb an tighe 's an anmocb, le 'tbeaghlacb 's le 'asail agus Ic 'chuid acfhuinn. Be gnaths nan ceard aig an am ud, a bhi dol mu 'n cuairt o bhaile gu baile, a' deanamli spainean de adhaircean cruidh agus reitheachan agus a càradb phoitean agus choireacban. Bha cairt- ealan saor fosgailte dhoibh ann 's gach baile, oir ged a bha iad am bitheantas borb fiadhaich, mi-rianail 'n an cliù, bha iad feumail 'n an gairm. Gha 'n iarradh iad aite taimh a b' f hearr na 'n atha, far am faighte i. Dh' fhuirich an ceard agus a theaghlach corr 'us seachduin. Bha nighean aige a bha mu 'n aois cheudua ri Galium. Bha i na caileig bhoidheich sgiobalta, aoigh- eil, thaitneich, shunndaich. na cheud oidhche a thainig i do 'n bhaile, thigeadh i 'stigh 's an fheasgar am measg an teaghlaich ; bha i ro ealanta air aithris sgeulachdan, agus 'na ban- òranaiche thaghta coidheas am Beurla 's an Gailig. Bha cluas-chiiiil ro mhath aig Galium ; bha orain annasach aig a' bhan-cheard air fuinn agus teisean lira nach cual e riamh roimhe. Air feasgar àraidh, air dhi a bhi 'seinn oran Eireannach d'am b'ainm "■ Donnyhrooh fair" — ann am priobadh na sul, thuit Galium ann an gaol oirre agus be sin an gaol gun choimeas am fad 's a' mhair e, thug e ach beag a leirsinn 'sa clilaist- eachd uaithe. 0! ciod e dh'eirich dha; an e gur h-i nighean a cheaird a chois- neadh a cheud ghaol ged a bhiodh i cho aillidh ris a' ghreini dh bha an t-saighead dhiomhair an sas 'n a chridhe, ach — Ged a chuir Cupid an t-ultach 'na bhroil- Icach D'a shaighdean coronach caol, A dbniigh air a chxiislean 'sa chuir luchd air a chokiinn, Lels an do tbiiit e ge b' oil Zeis." Ged a bheirte an saoghal dha, Cba 'n irmseadb e 'n sgeul do 'n te 'rinn No do neacli air bith ; chum e air fhein e. Latha no dha an deigh so, air dha bhi na shuidhe 's an tigh sgoil, CO chaidh seachad an uinneag, ach an ceard agus a theaghlach, air a thurus gu tigh tuathanaich a bha mu leth- mhile air falbh. 'N uair a sgaoil an sgoil 's an fheasgar, air falbh chaidh Galium cho luath sa bheireadh a chosan e, an taobh a ghabh an ceard. Nuair a rainig e Bealach-an-droighinn, dluth do thigh an tuathanaich, co a chunnaic e ri taobh an fhrith-rathaid a' trusadh counaidh, ach a bhan-cheard agus a mathair? Ghabh e air adhart gus an deachaidh e as an t-sealladh orra; thionndaidh e air a shall agus thill e an taobh a thainig e . Ann san dol seachad, chunnaic e Marsali aig taobh an rath- aid agus i a ceangal a cual chonnaidli — sheall i na aodann gu bathaiseach, caoin-shuarach. Labhair e focal no dha rithe gunmoille a chur air a cheum. 'N uair a chuir e cul a chinn rithe, sheid i suas gu sunndach iolagach luinneag '•'' Donnyhrooh fair;" luathaich Galium a cheum oir bha gach ponnc de 'n teis ud o na ghuth - cinn a bu mhilse a bhuail riamh air a chluais, a* dol mar shaighdean geur troimh a chridhe. Mu 'n deachaidh e fad air adhart, shuidh e air cloich ri taobh an rathaid; chuir e a lamh ri 'cheann; dh' analaich a' Gheòlraidh air airson na ceud uair. Smuainich e, na 'n rachadh leis rann no dha chur an eagan a cheile, gun tugadh e faothachadh d'a 'chridhe briste. Thoisich e mar a leanas, air fonn " Donnyhrooh fair :" — TteMXlosau Fhoj^uuraidb, 1872. AN GAIDHEAL. 197 Co 'dhireas am bealach sa ghiulaineas beannachd, A dh' ionnsuidh an fhiurain 'oh' fhas cùbhraidh deas fallain — Oigh ùr a' chuil cUannaicli d' an can- ainn am fonn. Ged dhuraiginn luaidh air gacli buaidh agus loinn 'Th.' air oigh a' chuil dualaich 's nan cuach-chamag grinn. Tha mo chlarsach garbh-fhuaimeach, 'sa teudan air fuasgladh, Mur tig Ceolraidh nan teisean 'chur m' eislein air fuadach, 'S a ghleusadh mo bhuadhan gu bual- adh nam ponnc. Co dhireas am bealach, &c. Tha 'gruaidh mar na caoran 's iad sgaoilt' air a' chrann, Tha 'cneas mar an f haoilean air aodanu nam tonn — A broilleach caoin fallain cho min ris a' channach, Thug mise dhi gealladh — "Air t-athais," arsa 'choguis, 'si'togail a guth 'na bhroilleach, "thoir an aire nach cuir thu a' bhreug 'n a do cheud oran; ged a thug thu do ghaol do 'n bhan-cheard, cha tug thu do ghealladh dhi. 'n uair 'san do chuir i druidh- eachd ort le a suilean is ann a chuir i a ghlas-ghuib ort." Ann am priobadh na sul, dhealaich Galium agus a' Cheol- raidh ri cheile ; cha deachaidh e ni b' fhaide air aghaidh ann an deilbh an orain. Mar a bha e 'g eiridh gu falbh, chuala e fann-ghuth ciuil a' snamh air osaig thlath an fheasgair. Shaoil e air tus gum be guth mills druidheachd- ail Marsali a bha e a' cluinntinn, acli 'n uair a thàr e ni b' fhaisge dha ! bu Deo-choslach ri cheile iad! Clod e a bh' ann, ach guth tùchanach reasgach brogach buachaille a bha ag ioman a' chruidh gu todhar, agus ciod e a bha e *seinn ach oran a rinneadh uair eigin do luidseich bhochd neo-sgiobalta a' mhuinntir na sgireachd a ruith air falbh le ceard. 'Nuair a chuala Galium gu riochdail soilleir an rann a leanas : " Tha mithlachd air do chairdean, 'S tha tamailt air do dliaoine Thu bhi falbh le ceard a giulan s|)ain- ean, 'S maileid air do chaol-druim" cha d' eisd e ris a' chorr, shin e a chos ris an astar, agus mu 'n d' rainig e 'dhachaidh fhuair e cuibhte do 'u bhan-cheard ann 's na h-uile seadh. Dh' fhaodta 'radh do rireadh d'a thaobhsan, — " An gaol a thig le cabh- aig, cha bhi e fada 'fuarachadh," agus chuir e roimhe nach glacta a rithisd e ann an lion-mhoguil a ghaoil giis am biodh 'fheusag ni V fhaide na 'f hiaclan, Gha robh a' bheag do chreideas aig Galium ann an geasaibh no ann an gisreagaibh, ach riamh cha b' urrain e thuigsinn cia mar a thuit e ann an gaol cho breisleachail air a' bhan-cheard mur a b' e an drughadh lasanta cianail a rinn ursgeul Phoil agus Virginia air 'inntinn, agus riamh 'na dheigh sud cha robh ach beag umhail aige do ursgeu laibh gaoil, agus b' fhada uaithe a chliuth- achadh d 'a chairdean oga a bhi 'g an leughadh. Bi a bharail gun robh moran de na faoin sgeoil annasach a tha tigh- inn a mach gach seachduin ann 's a* Bheurla ri barrachd cron na niaith do oigridh an latha. B' aithne dha ban- charaid og a fhuair deagh oileineachadh le rogha gach eiseimpleir, a thainig a mach gu seirbheis do Ghlaschu, agus a bha fo dheaghtheisteas marshearbhanta thapuidh sgoinneil, easguidh, churam- ach.ach coltach ri ioma te a bharr oirre, thoisich i ri leughadh an " London Journal" agus cha b' fhada gus an do chuir a chuid ursgeulan spleadhach a leithid de thuainealaich 'u a ceann is gun d' fhas i cho dearmadach mi- shuimeil mu a dleasdanais agus gum b* fheudar d'a ban-mhaighstir cead a coise thoirt dhi. Thainig latha na h-imrich oirre, ach cha d' thainig mac larla no Moraire 'g a giulan air falbh ri solus na gealaiche ann au carbad cheithir- eachach, gu a posadh gun fhios d'a chairdean a dh' aindeoin co le 'm b' 198 AN GAIDHEAL. Treas Hlog an Fhoghazaidh, 187Z. oil e, agus gu a togall suas a dh' aon bheum o thraillealacbd onoracli a chos- naidh gu greadlinachas ailgliiosacli na moralachd. Dli' fliaodadli i bhi air a deagli phosadli oir dhiult i lamli fir no dha de a coimpirean fliein, agus tha i nis na seaun mhaighdiuu: cha b' fliiu leatba na coisichean agus clia d' thaiuig na marcaichean. MUILEACII. (Ei leantuinn.) MU NA SEANX GHAIDHEIL. VI. Thug sina faiaear mar fliuair Coian- each Mac Ailpein an rioghachd PJnct- eacli a cliionu gu 'm b'e an t-oighre dligheacb a thaobli a shcan-mliàthair, màthnr Ailpein, a bi piuthar Aougliais agns Chusantin a bha le clieile 'n an rlgliribh air na Plctl. Tliachair an ni so anus a' bbliadhna a.d. 843. Aig an am so, fo riagliladli Choinnieh chaidh an da rioghachd, agus an da f hine Ghaidh- ealach, na Plcti agus na ^cotl, aonadh ri cheile gu bhi 'n an aon sluagh. Tha cuid de sheanachaidhibh ag radii gun do cbeannsaich Coinneacli na Plctl ann an cogadh, agus gun d'tbug e an riogb- acbd a macb le faobbar a' cblaidbeimb ; acli tha an nl sin mi-cboltacb agus do- cbreidsinn gun deanadb prasgan beag de db-Earragbaidbealaicb Ijuaidh a thoirt air a' cbuid eile do na Gàidhcil ; is ami a fhuair e coir air an riogbacbd a tbaobb a sbean-rabàtbar mar a fhuair Seuraas VI righ na b-Alba coir air riogbacbd Sbasuiiin ann an liunibb an deigli sin. Tba ùgbdair an Leabbair "Nennius" a sgrlobb mu'n bbliadhna a.d. 858 ag radb mu na Picticli ''tertiam partem Britanniae tenuerunt, et tencnt usque nuiiC:" 'Se sin an Gailig : Bha sealbb aca air trcas earrainn Bbrcatuinn, agus tha serdbk aca olri'e gus a nlse." Chaidh so a sgriobbadli mu cbòig bliadbna deug an dcigb do Cboinneacb Mac Ailpein riogbacbd nam Pieteach fhaotainn, agus tha c soilleur nacb deacb- aidh an sluagbacbasgairtno a dbitheach- adb leis na Scotl, acb gun robb lad a* gabhail còmbnuidb anns an aon dùtbaich cheudna 's an robb iad roimbe, ged a fhuair iad Coinueach Elgk nan Scotl ga bhi 'na Rigb os an ceann. Dearbhaidb na Seauacbasan Eirionnacb a sgriobb- adli mu tbimchioU nan amannaa so aa ni ccudna, oir their iad ^'Mlgh nam Pic- teach" mar tbiodal ri Coinneach Mac Ailpein, ni a tba 'nocbdadh gun robb an sluagh agus an riogbacbd a Uitbair aig an am sin, agus nacb deacbaidb idir an lom-sgrio3 mar a tha cuid a' cumail a macb gu mearacbdacb. Tha e sgriobbta ann an Seanacbasaibb Mor- roinn Ulladh gun " d' fbuair Coinneach Mac Ailpein Pilgh nam Pieteach bas" mu'nbbliadnaA.D. 858, agus tba Nennius ag radb '■'Elgh nam Pieteach" rismar au ceudna. Fhuair e bas aig Dun-fothair ann an Siorramacbd Pheairt, aon de Chaistealaibb nan seann righrean Gaidh- ealach: agus tbainig Dombnull Mac Ailpein gu bhi 'na rigb an aite a bhruthar, ni a bha a reir an t-seann lagh Albannaich a bha air a cbleachdadh am mesLS'^nanGaldheal Pieteach. Thelrear Pilgh nam Pieteach ri Dombnull mar aa ceudna, oir tha Seanacbasan Ulladh ag radb "gun d' fhuair Dombnull ]Mac Ail- pein Rigb nam Pieteach bas" anns a' bbliadhna a.d, 862. Righicb dithis mhac Choinnieh a ritbist, Cusantin agas Aodb, fear an deigh fir agus b' e an tiodal a theirteadb riusan " Righ- rean nam Pieteach." A tbaobb Chu- santin faodar a thoirt fainear, nacb robh an t-ainm so riabb air aon de na Seoti agus nacb robb e acb air aon de na Righribb Picteacli roimbe so, se sin air bratbair scan mbatbar Choinnieh; agus uime sin tba e ro chosmhuil gur ann air a shon-san a thug Coinneach an t-ainm air a mhac foin. Mu'n bbhadhna a.d. 900 tbainig Cusantin Mac Aoidh, mhic Dhomhnuill, mbic Ailpein gu bhi 'na Rigb air na Pictich. Anns a' blibadbna 1)18 chuir an Rigb so air ccauu nan Gaidheal cath Treas Mios an Fhogharaidh, 1872. AN GAIDHEAL. 199 gailbheach ris na Lochlninuich air an d' fhaair iad buaidh; agus anns a' bhliadb- na 937 chuir e cath ris na Sasunnaich; mharbhadh a mhac anns a' chath so. Cha 'n 'eil iomradli sam bith air a dheanamh air na Scoti aig an am so, oir dh' fhuirich iad 'n an tir fein ann an Ear- ragbaidheil, agus chuir na Picti 'u an tir na cathan fuilteacb so ris na Locbluinnicli agus ris na Sasunnaich: a' dearbbadh mar so gum b' iadsan iarmad nan treunlaoch gaisgeil a chog ris na Romanaich agus ri Agricola aig a' Gharbh-mhonadh, ceudan bliadhna roimhe sin. Fhuair Cnsantin bàs ann am mainistear Chill-Rimhinn agus b'e an tiodal a theirteadh ris "Righ Alb- ainn." Re na h-iiine so dh' fhuirich na Scoii na'n dùthaich feiu; cha d' f hag iad idir i a cheannsachadh nam Plcteacli no a ghabhail seilbh 'n an aite air am fear- ann. Dearbhaidh na seanachasan Eir- eannach so, oir tha iad ag innseadh dhuinn gun do mharbhadh Goraidh Mae Arailt Righ Innse-Gall leis na ^cotl 'sa' bhliadhna A.D. 989, agus gun d'rinneadh an gniomh fuilteach so 'n an tir fein an Earraghàidheil. Thachair so mu thim- chioll còrr agus seachd fichead bliadhna an deigh do Choinneach Mae Ailpein rioghachd nam Plcteacli fhaotainn, agus feuchaidh e dhuinn gu soilleir nach d' fhàg na Bcoti Earraghrddheil idir. Ged a chaidh an Righ aca do dhùthaich nam Picteach gu bhi 'riaghladh os ceann an da shlaaigh, dh' fhuirich iadsan 'nan tir fein, mar a dh' fhuirich na h-Albann- aich 'n uair a chaidh Seumas YI. do bhaile Lunnuinn gu bhi 'na Righ air Breatuinn gu h-iomlan. Agus na fin- eachan Gàidhealach a thàinig a nuas uapasan is ann an Earraghaidheil a gheibhear iad gus an lii an diugh, ni a dhearbhas nach d' fhàg an sinnsear an dùthaich fein riabh, oir nam fàgadh, gheibhteadh iad ann an àitibh eile de 'n Ghaidhealtachd mar an ceudna. A thuiileadh air so tha GàiHg Earraghaidh- eil nas faisge air a' Ghailig Eireannaich agus nas mo air a measgadh leatha na Gàilig earrainu sam bith eile dhe Albainn. Tha na h-argumaidean so uile a' dearbhadh nach d' fhàg na Scoti an tir fein, agus nach ann uapasan a dh' ionnsuich a' chuid eile de shluagh na Gàidhealtachd a' Ghailig, na 's mo na 'sann uapa a shiolaichiad mar shliochd; ach gur ann a fhuair iad i a thaobh dùthchais mar dhileab o'n sinnsearaibh a ghabh còmhnuidh an Albainn o chian, leis an robh i air a labhairt ann an tir nam beann re nan ceudan bliadhna mu'n d' thàinig na Scoti a nail thar chuan na h-Eirinn. Mu'n bhliadhna a.d. 1020, timchioU deich bliadhna fichead an deigh bàis Ghoraidh Mhic Arailt righ Innse-Gall, thàinig sluagh agus duthaich nam Pict- each gu bhi 'faotainn ainme nuaidh, 'se sin Scoti agus Scotia na Scot-fhonn. Bho 'n am so cha chluinnteadh luaidh tuilleadh air na Plctl ann an Eachd- raidh na Dùthcha. Chaidh iad as an t- sealladh mar a chaidh na Caleclonalch ann an làithibh an Impire CJionstantlus Chloruis. B'ann r'a linnsan a fhuair na Caledonaich an t-ainm nuadh " PlctV ainm a lean riutha fad seachd ceud bliadhna; agus a nise air dhoibh an t- ainm so a chall, fhuair iad ainm nuadh eile, Scoti; gidheadh cha robh ni ùr sam bith 'nam measg ach an t.alnm agus an teagJdach riogliall. Chaidh Ainm a' ddnnich atharrachadh o'n a dh' atharraicheadh an Teaghhich Bioghail; ach dh' fhuirich an luchd-aitich gun chaochlaidh gun atharrachadh sam bith, ach mar a bha iad roimhe, direach mar a dh' fhuirich na Caledonaich o shean 'nuair a fhuair iad an t-ainm nuadh, Picti. Cha robh anns na h-ainmibh so ach sloinneadh a fhuair iad o na Seanachaidhibh a bha sgriobhadh mu'n tJmchioll anns an Laidinn ; cha bhuin- eadh iad dhoibh a thaobh dùthchais, oir b'e an t-ainm a bha dualach dhoibh'o 'n sinnsearaibh, na Gaidheil. Chaidh an «- ainm Picti air chall, ach dh' fhuirich an sluagh, ris an abairteadh na Picti, agus 200 AN GAIDHEAL. Treas Xios an Fhoghataidh, 1872. a' chanain a blia iad a' labhairt gun atharrachadh mar a bha iad riabh amis an tir. A chionn gum b' ann de na Scoti a blia an teaghlach rioghail, sgaoil an t-ainm so thairis air an dùthaich gu leir, ionnus nach abairteadli ach Scoti vh an t-sluagli agus Scotia ris an fir ; ach b'e so an t-ainm a tlieirteadh o sliean ri Eiriun 's a luchd-àiteachaidh leis na seanachaidhibh a sgriobh anns an Laid- inn ; gidheadh cha d' aidicheadh riabU e leis na Gaidlieil, aon chuid an Albainn no an Eiriun, ged a tba e nise air a ghabhail leis na Gaill mar ainm na tire agus an t-sluaigli, oir their iadsan Scot- land ri h- Albainn agus Scots ris na h- Albannaich. Anns a' bhliadhna a. d. 1158, Sgriobh Aindreas,Easbuig Ghall- thaobh, leabhar " Mu shuidheachadh Albainn/' anns am faighear na briath- ran so, "Albania quae nunc corrupte Scotia appellatur," — se sin 'an Gailig, " Albainn ris an abrar'a nise gu mear- achdach Scotia." Tba na briathran so a' dearbhadh gun robh aon de na daoin- ibh a b' ionnsuichte anns an rioghachd 'g a mheas 'n a mhearachd truaillidh aig an am sin a bhi 'ag radh Scoti mar ainm ris an t-sluagh agus Scotia ('se sin Scotland) ris an rioghachd d' an goirear Albainn. Agus tha iad a' nochdadh mar an ceudna nach robh esan a' creid- sinn aig an am sin mar ni air an robh (> s gun do cheanusaicli na Scoti Earraghaidhealach na Seann Ghaidheil Albanuach, oir nam biodh cha b' urr- ainn e a chainnt ud a chleachdadh le firinn; agus anuair a dh' atharraicheadh ainm na tire agus an t-sluaigh gur h-ann a dh' eirich so bho na righribh ùra a thainig a steach air an tir a bha dhe 'n fhine Scuiteich. D. B. B. OISEIN:— A LINN AGUS A BHARDACnD. {Air leantuinn.) Nach anabarrach farsuing a bha beachdan a' bhàird aig an robh comas a leithid do choiraeas a dheanamh, agns a chuir ann an dealbh co riomhach. Ach cha 'n ann an spealtadh cblogad, agus ann an iomairt nan lann 's nan sleagh, 'tha Oisein 'sa ghaisgich ainmeil ;us curanta. Tha sprochd 'us tiamh- aidheachd mhor r'am faicinn ana am mòran de dhàin Oisein. Dh' fhagadh esan an deigh na Fcinne, agus is ana 'na shean laithean, maille ri Malamhia nan seod,beanuasal ant-sàrlaoich Oscar, chuir e a bhàrdachd ri cheile. Tha e daonnan rioghal, àrd, 'us measail 'n a sheanachas, agus bha tuille mor 'us truscan cian a' chomhraig a' lionadh anama. Bha Pionnghal beusach, caoin, 'us càirdeil mar an ceudna. Bha e gaisgeil agus buadhmlior anns an stri, agus caoimhneil nasal ris an anfhann. Is i so an earail a thug a sheanair do Oscar nan lann am feadh a bha iad a' cuideachadh ChuchuUin an aghaidh Shuaran nan long : " A mhic mo mhic, thubhairt an. righ, Oscair na stri 'na t' oige; Chunn' am do chlaidheamh nach mln, Bha m' uaille mu m' shinnsear mor. Leansa cliii na dh' aom a chaoidh; Mar t' aithrichean bi sa fein,; Mar Threunmor, ceud cheannard nan saoi, ISIar Thrathul sàr athair nan treun: 'N an oige bhuail iad am blàr; 'An duanaihh nam bard tha 'n cliù, Bi-sa mar shruth ris na sàir; Ri laigse nan lann cho ciiiin Ri aiteal gaoith air laon an fheoir. Mar sin bha Treunmor nan sgialh, Is Trathul, ceannard nan triath; Mar sin bha mo ghniomli 's an t-sliabh. Bha 'm feumach riamh ri mo làimh 'S dh' fhas an lag dana fo m'chruaidh, Na iarr-sa carraid nan sgiath, 'S na dihlt 1 air shabh nan cruach." Cha 'n e fuaim nan lann an aoa toil- eachas a bha aig laoich na Feinne. Tha 'chomhairlo a thug righ Mhorbheinn naa glonn air Oscar nan ciabh doun, a' dearbhadh gu soilleir gun robh carthan- achd 'us caoimhneas 'us fiùghantachd a tuineadh ann an anam na Feinne. Tha Treaa Mlosan Fhogharaidh, 1872. AN GAIDHEAL. 201 e da rireabh iongantach gun clninnea- maid smuaintean co ceart agus co stuama air an aithris le neach a bha beò ann an aimsir co fad air chùl. Cuimhnichea- maid mar an ceudna gum b' àbhaist do Ullin imeaclid le focal caoin na sith a dh' ionnsuidh clann nan coigreach ag ràdh: "Is mòr an cliùsan a thog am fleagh, 'An talla farsuing a's fial bàigh ; Ceud làilt air mac coigrich nam fleagh, Thig gu cuirm Fhionnghail nam beann, Thig ga cuirm an righ a nail." Tha cleachduinn 'us comhluadar na Feinne ag eiridh gu fada os cionn abh- aistean nan Lochlinneach agus cinnich eile a bha 'mealltuinn nan cothroman ceudna riusan. A thaobh an inbhe chiataich anns an robh laoich na Feinne, bha lad a' toirt an àite fèin do na mnathan; agus ag altrum meas 'os nrram doibh mar bu choir: "'Stri-nan-daoine nan cioch àrd, Ma's ann air siubhal an f hraoich Bu ghile nan canach a crulh ; Ma 's ann air tràigh nan stuadh faoin, Na'n cobhar air aomadh nan sruth'; Bha suilean soluis mar dha reul; Mar bhogha nan speur am braon A gnuis àluinn fo 'ciabh fein, 'S duibhe na nial fo ghaoith ; Bu tuinidh dhuit anam nan laoch, A stri-nan-daoine bu caoine lùmh." Tha dearbhadli againn air cia co tlusail, bàigheil, furachair, furanach 'sa bha sar ghaisgich na Feinne ri ainnirean nan rosg mall, ann an Carraig Thura, an uair a chuairtich dorchadas anam 'Utha nan rosg mall, 's na deòir a' sil- eadh air a gruaidh chaoin, a broilleach geal ag eirigh thall, 'sa ciabh nach gann air làr 's i trnagh, "Ghluais tiomachd air anam an righ, Mu òigh mhin bu ghile làmh; Chaisg e 'chlaidheamh anns an stri; Thuit deòir neo-chli o righ nan lann." Agus CO aig am bheil eolas idir air bardachd Oisein a tha aineòlach air gràdh 'usgaol teochridheach Chuchullin d'a mnaoi fein? Eadhon am meadhon othail 'us creuchdan a' chòmhraig, tha e ag radh: "Buail clarsach, mhic Fhena, buail, Mol, a Charuill, mo luaidh 'tha thall, Deo-ghreine Dhun-scathaich nan stuadh, Og-bhean bhanail choir mhic Sheuma. An tog thu aghaidh nan snuadh caoin O'n charraig a' coimhead mo sheòil ? Cha 'n fhaic thu ach a' mhuir f haoin, Cha 'n e cobhar nan tonn do sheòid, Fàg a' charraig 'us oidhche mu'n cuairt ; Tha osag nan cruach mu d' cheann." Is e ni mor a'm fàbhar Oisein agus na Feinne, gun robh iad co dealuichte o chinnich eile ann am meas iomchuidh a chuir air òighean 'us mnathan nan rosg mall. Tha cunntas air dreach 'us sgiamh ailleag ann an Losga Tatira, agus tha mi a' saoilsinn nach'eil e f urasda buaidh a thoirt air briathran 'us beachdan a' bhàird 'n uair a tha e 'seinn mar so: " Innseam pàirt do dhreaoh na reul : Bu gheal a deud gu h-ùr dlù. 'S mar chanach an t-sleibhe Bha a cneas 's a h-eide ùr, Bha a braighe cearclach ban, Mar shneachda tlàth 's an fhireach, Bha da chich air a h-uchd ciatach, Be 'n dieach sud mian gach fir, Bu shoitheamh binn a glòir, 'S bu deirge na'n ròs a beul; Mar chobhar a sios r'a taobh ■ Sinnte gu caol bha gach meur, Bha a da chad mhala mhine, Dii-dhonn air liomh an loin, A da ghruaidh air dhreaoh nan caorrunn, 'S i gu h-iomlan saor o chron, Bha a gniiis mar bharra gheuga Anns a cheud fhas ur. A fait buidhe mar orra-shleibhte 'S mar dhearrsa greiue bha siiil." Tha ceilear ceòlmhor nan rannan sin annta fein ag aithris, gun robh Oisein air a' lionadh le greadhnachas ann an conaltradh a ghleidheadh ri àilleachd 'us aghaidh naduir. Ciod e an doigh air an gabh moladh as àirde 'deanamh air grinnead 'us uailse òigh no ainnir na rinn Oisein anns a' chainnt so. Ann an tuireadh a' dheanamh thairis air na laoich a thuit ann am meadhon astar an làithean mu 'n d' eirich 's an 201 AN GAIDHEAL. Treas Mios an Fhogharaidh, 1872. dan an cliii tlia Oisein ùr-labliracb, tiamhaidh, agus muladacb. Tha cnmha Oiseiu tlu\iris air Oscar da-vireabh tiom : "An do thuit tliu Oscair shàir nan lann, Am meadhon do ghaibh astair fuin! Na thuit am mac a thug dhomh clii'i? jS'ach fhaic mi thu, Oscair, a chaoidh? 'N uair a chluinneas triathau mòr m' an cloinn, Nach chiinn mi 's an am ort, a thriath? Bidh còineach air do clilachaibh bath; Bithidh gaoth 'measg an ciabhan fo bhròn ; Cuiroar còmhrag gun thusa air sUabh ; Clia lean thu cilid cbiarr mu thorr, Chruinuich iad uime na shiaigb, "S gaeh aon neach ri bùirich thruagh; Cha chaoineadh a mliac fi'iu, 'S cha ghuileadh a bhràthair e; Cha chaoineadh piuthar a bràtbair, 'S cha chaoineadh màthair a mac, j\ch iad uile anns a' phlosgail A' geur chaoineach mo chaonih Oscar." Tha brou 'us mulad mòr a' siubhal troimh 'u tnireadh a rinn Oiseiu thairis air a mhac, Oscar. An deigh bids a mbic, chaith Oisein agus Malamhin nan seod, nigliean Tbocsair agns bana- chliamhuinn a' bbrdrd fuin, mòran d'an laithean le cbeile. Is miaic 'tha bard Chòna a' t?)iseachadh a dbàin, le luaidh a dheanamh air Malamhin nam buadb, agus ag radh "a Mlialambia le d' cblàr bi dlù." Tha e soilleir gun robh fingbair aig laoicb na Feinne, gum bitbeadb iad an doigb am bids a' leantuiun na seilgc, agus a' ruagadb nan tore ciar mar a bba iad air raon Lena agus am measg fliritbean 'us aonaichean Mhorbbeinn. Anns a'cbeatbramb duan de Phionngbal, tba Oisein a' toirt an ùrdugh so seacbad: "Cuimlmicli, thusa, cuir mo lann, M' iubhair cam 'us ci-òc an f hi'idh. An taobh cluiidt ghlais a tha ri ceaun Caol thall, a oimirn gun lous." Bba Oisein 'na gbeug 'na aonar, leis fein,airatbreigsinn le 'cbairdean uile,aon an deigb aoin dbiubb dh' fbailnicb, 'us db' fbàg iad esan gu dubbacb. Sbil debir Mbalambin 's an oidbcbe, cha 'n fhaiceadb i locbran nan speur; b'ambuil i 's reul na niaidnc, glas neulacb an dcigb gacb locbrain. Tbàinig guth ann am badaibb nan coilltean, agus b' ait an fbuaim. "Bidb Oisein 's Malambiu gu luatb leinn." Tha sarbhean Oscair ag radh: "Fosglaibhse talla nan speur, Aithriclie Oscair can cruaidh bheum; Fosglaibhso dorsa nan uiall. Tha ceuma Mhalambin gu dian." Db' fbas gutb Cbona balbb, agus cha 'n'eil faisneacb a' bbàird gun bbrigh: "Pill thusa gu d'fhois Oisein chaoimh, 'S na guil nis mo an deigh na dh'f halbh: Cho fhad 'sa bbios grian no gealach ann, Cba'n airmhear iad am measg nam marbh ! -*S gus an caochail na h-uile ni tha fo 'n gbrein, A bhàii d chaoimh nan iomadh sgeul, Cha 'n f hailnich da chumhachd no do chliù, 'S cha ghearrar do chuimhne o mheasg an t-sl6igh. CONA. NA TRI BANTFvAICHEAN. Bba triùir bbantraicbean ann roimhe, agus bba mac aig gacb tu dbiubb. 'S e DùmbnuU a b' aium do mbac a b-aoQ diubb. Bba ceitbir daimb aig Dombuull, 's cba robh acb da dbamb au fbir aig càcb. Air son sin bba iad daonnaa a' trod ag radb gu'n romb'n corr feoir aig DombnuU 'na bba aca fbein. Oidbcbe dbe na b-oidlieacban cbaidb iad do 'n rabainnir agus mbarbb iad na daimb aig Dombnull. Air do DbùmbnuU eiridh 's a' mbaduinn cbaidb e 'cboimhead a cbuid dbamb, agus fhuair e marbb iad. I)b-flieann e iad, 's sbaill e iad, Jigus thug e leis to dbe na seicbeacban do 'u bbaile-mbor air son a reic. Bba'n t-ustar cbo fada 's gun d' tbàinig an oidbcbe air mu 'n d' ràinig e 'm baile- mòr; agus cbaidb e 'staigb do cboille 's cliuir e 'n t-seicbe mu 'cbeann. Tliàiuig grunnan ian 'slaidb iad air an t-scicbe. Cbuir DombnuU a mach a lamb, 'srug e air fear dbiubb. Ma Treas Mio3 an Fhogharaidh, 1872. AN GAIDHEAL. 203 shoillseachadh an latha dh-eiricli e 's dh-fhalbh e. Ghabh e gu taigh duine- nasail. Thàinig an duine uasal gus an dorus, 's dh' fheòraich e do Dhòmhuull dè bh' aige 'n a achlais. Fhreagair Dòmhnull gu'n romli fiosaiche. "De 'n fhiosaclid a bhios e 'deanamh" ars' an duine uasal, "Bithidh na h-uile seorsa fiosachd" arsa Dòmhnull. "Thoir air fiosachd a dheanamh," ars' an duine uasal. Dh-fhaisg Dòmlinull an t-ian gus gu 'n d' thug e ran as. "Ciod e 'tha e 'gradh?" ars' an duine uasal. "Tha e 'gradh gum bheil toil agadsa 'cheann- ach, agus gu 'n tabhair thu da chiad punnd Sasunnach air" arsa Dòmhnull. "Mata, gu cinnteach!" ars' an duine uasal, "tha e fior, agus ua'm bithinn a' smaoineachadh gu'n deanadh e fiosachd bheirinn sin air." Cheannaich an duine nasal, an sin, an t-ian o Dhòmhnull air son da chiad punnd Sasunnach. "Fiach nachreic thuri duine 'sam bith e" arsa Domhnull, " gun fhios nach d' thig mi fhein fhathasd ga iarraidh. Cha d' thug- ainn dut air sou tri mile punnd Sasunn- ach e mar bitheadh gu'm bheil mi aun an eiginn." Dh'fhalbh Domhnull dach- aidh 's cha d' rinn an t-ian an còrr fios- achd. 'N uair a ghabh Domhnull a bhiadh, thoisich e air cunntadh an airgid, agus CO 'bha 'ga choimhead ach na fir a mharbh na daimh; a's thainig iad a steach. "A DhòmhnuiU" ars' iadsan "cia mar a fhuair thusa na tha'n sin de dh-airgead?" "Fhuair mar a gheibh sibhse e cuideachd. 'S mi 'bha toilichte gu'n do mliarbh sibh na daimh orm" arsa Domhnull. "Marbhaibh-se na daimh agaibh fein agus feannaibli iad ; thugaibh leibh na seicheachan do'u bhaile mhòr, 'sbithibh ag èigheachd '-co ^cheannaicheas seiche claimhf agus gheibh sibh pailteas airgid." Mharbh a's dh-fheann iad na daimh. Thug iad leotha na seicheachan do'n bhaile mhòr, 'sthòisich iad air èigheachd ^'■co ^cheann- aicheas sficltc daiinhV Lean iad air eigheachd sin fad an latha. 's muinu- tir a' bhaile mhòir a' deanamh spòrs orra; agus mu dheireadh thill iad dhach- aidh. Cha romh fhios aca 'n so ciod e 'dheanadh iad, 's bha aithreachas orra chionn na daimh a mharbh adh. Chunn- aic iad mathair Dhòmhuuill a' dol do 'n tobar, rug iad oirre 's thachd iad i. Bha Domhnull a' gabhail jongantais nach ro 'mhàthair a' tighinn. Chaidh e 'choimhead air a son, 's fhuair e i marbh aig an tobar. Cha romh fios aige de 'dheanadh e; ach thug è leis dhachaidh i, 's a la 'r na mhàireach sgeadaich e i anns an aodach a b' fhearr a bh' aice, 's thug e do 'n bhaile mhòr i. Choisich. e suas gu taigh an rlgh 's i aige air a mhuinn. Air dha thighinn gu taigh an righ thachair tobar mhòr ris, agus stob e 'bhata 'm bruaich na tobarach, 'schuir e a mhàthair 'na seasamh ri 'thaic. Ràinig e dorus taigh an righ; bhuail e, 's thainig searbhanta 'nuas. " Abair ris an righ" ars' esan "gu'm bheil boireann- ach coir thallud 's gu'm bheil gnothach aice ris." Dh-innis an t-searbhanta so do 'n righ. "Abair ris a radh rithe tighinn a nail" ars' an righ. "Tha'n righ ag iarraidh ort a radh rithe tighinn a nail" ars an t-searbhanta ri Domhnull. "Cha teid mise; siubhal fhein ann; tha mi sgith gu leòr" ars' a Domhnull, Dh-fhalbh an t-searbhanta 'n so, 's ars' a Domhnull "mar a freagair i thu, put gu math i, oir tha i bodhar." Ràinig an t-searbhanta agus labhair i. " A' bhoir- eannaich choir, tha 'n righ ag iarraidh oirbli fein tighinn a nail." Cha d'thug a' chailleach feairt. Phut i i 's cha d' thubhairt a' chailleach facal. Bha Domhnull a' faicinn mar a bha 'muigh. "Tarruing am bata o 'h-uchd" arsa Domhnull, "'sann 'na cadal a thai." Tharruing i 'm bata o 'h-uchd, agus sid a' chailleach an coinneamh a cinn do 'n tobar; agus aig an am dh' eigh Domh- null "Om'eudail! m'eudail! mo mhath- air air a bàthadh anns an tobair! ciod e 'ni mise'n diugh!" Bhuail e 'n so a bhasan, 's cha robh ran a bheireadh e as nach cluinnte miltean air astar. Thainig •04 AN GAIDHEAL. Treas Mlos an Fhogharaidh, 1872. an rigli a mach, agus ars' esan ri Dòmh- null, "0 gbille na toir gnth gu bràtb air is pàigliidh mise do mhàthair. — Ciod e 'n t-sinm a bhios tu 'g iarraidh oirrel" "Còig ciad puund Sasunnach" arsa DomhuuU. "'Stu'glieibli sin gii'u dàil" ars' an righ. Fhuair Dòmhnull an t-suim airgid a dh' iarr e; dli' flialbh e far an romli a mhàthair ; thug e dbi an t-aodach a bh' oirre; 's thilg e 's an tobar i. Chaidh e 'sin dhachaigli agus thòisicli e air cuuntadh a cliuid airgid. Aig an am CO 'thigeadli acli an dithis eile, 'clioimhead an romh e brònach an deigh bàs a mhathair; agus air dhoibh an t-airgead fhaicinn, dh-fheoraich iad c' àite 'n fhuair e na bha sud. '"Fhuair" arsa DombnuU "far am faigheadh sibhse pailteas na'n toilicheadh sibh fein." "Cia mar a gheibh siun e?" "Marbh- aibh-se 'ur màthraichean; thugaibh leibh air 'ur muin iad; rachaibh thun a' bhaile mhoir leotha; bithibh ag eigh- eachd, 'Co ^chcannaicheasseanachailleach- an marhhaT 's gheibh sibh 'ur fortau." 'N uair a chuala iad so chaidh iad dhachaigh, 's shin gach fear diubh air a mhathair fhein le clach 'am mogan gus an do mharbh e i. An la 'r na mhkir- each, dh-fhalbh iad do 'n bhaile mhòr leotha ; 's thoisich gach fear diubh air cigheachd, '■Co' chcannaicheasseana chaill- each mliarhh X ach cha romh duiue 'cheanuaicheadh am bathar sin. 'N uair a bha muinntir a' bhaile mhuir sgith a' gabhail spt)rrs orra, chuir iad na coin na 'n deigli dhachaigh. Thàinig iad dhacliaigh fann, sgith, 's chaidil iad gu maith an oidhche sin. An la'r na mhàireach 'nuair a dh-eirich iad thainig iad far an robh Dòmhnull, rug iad air, 's chuir iad ann am baraille e. Dh-fhalbh iad leis gus a thilgeadh sios mhullach creige. Bha iad a' dol air an aghaidh leis — 's fear mu seach aca 'g a ghiulan. Ars' an dara fear diubh " O'n tha 'n t-astar cho fada, 's an latha cho teth, bu choir duinn a dhol a staigh do thaigh a ghabhail drama." Chaidh iad a staigh, 's dh-fhàg iad Dòmbnull anns a' bharaille air an rathad mhor a muigh. Chual e tristrich a' tighinn, 's CO 'bha 'n so ach cibear le ciad caora. Ghabh an cibear air aghaidh agus shin Dòmhnull air seinn trump a bh' aige 'sa' bharaille. Ars' an cibear 's e 'bualadh a bharaille le a bhata "co tha 'n so?" — "Tha mise" arsa DomhnuU. "Ciod e 'tha thu a' deanamh an so?" ars' an cibear. "Tha mi 'deanamh an fhortain ann" arsaDomhnull, "'scha'nfhacaduine riabh a leithid so de dh-àite le or 'as airgead. Tha mise 'n deigh mile sporan a lianadh 'an so, agus tha m' fhortan an coinneamh 'bhi deanta." '"S truagh" ars' an cibear, "nach leigeadh tu mi- fhein a steach treis." "Cha leig; 's mòr a bheireadh orm e." " 'S cinnteach gu'n leig thu ann mi air son aon mhineid, agus gu 'm faod pailteas a bhi agad fein co-dhiu." "An leobhra 'dhuine bhochd o'n tha thu cho feumach, leigidh mi ann thu, cuir fhein an ceann as a' bharaille 's thig an so ; ach cha-n fhada 'gheibh thu 'bhi ann" arsa Dòmhnull. Thug an cibear an ceann as a' bharaille, 's thàiuig DòmhnuU amach, a's rug e air dhà chois air a' chlbear, 's thilg e an coinneamh a chinn 's a' bharaille e. "Cha-n- eil airgead no or an so" ars' an cibear. " Cha-n fhaic thu dad gus an d' theid an ceann 's a' bharaille" arsa Dòmhnull. "O cha-n fhaic mise ni air bith an so" ars' an cibear. "Mar a faic, biodh agad," arsa DomhnuU. Dh' fhalbh DomhnuU 's chuir e air am breacan a bh' air a' chlbear, 's an uair a chunnaic an cu am breacan, lean e DomhnuU. Thainig na fir a bha 'gòl amach, rug iad air a' bharaille, 'sthog iad air an guaillibh e. Dh-fhalbh iad leis; agus theireadh an cibear 'an ceaun na h-uile mionaid, " Mise 'th' ann, raise 'th'ann." "0 's tu bhraidean, 's math gur tu." Ràinig iad bed na creige 's leig iad sios am baraille leis a'chreig 's an cibear 'n a bbroinn. Air dhoibh pilleadh, co chitheadh iad ich DomhnuU le 'chù 's le 'bhreacan, 's Treas Mlos an Fhogharaidh, 1872. AN GAIDHEAL. 205 ciad caora aige ann am pàirc. Ghabli j Bha sia bann-lamh' deii": air àird' lad a null far an robh e, agus ars' iad- j 'S na h-adhVcean a b' àiUidh sniomh. san, " O Dhòmhnuill, cia mar a fhuair 9?"'^ ^^"^'^^ ^^^ iubhar caol t'sa Chuir air ghleus fhaodail chòrr— dealbhach, grinn. 'S shnaim e 'n taifeid iir gu teaun, 'S an cleith bho shiil-bheachd na Greig' Air chùl sgiath nan treun gun mheang. Chum 's uach brùchdadh neart nan nàmh A mhosgladh a' bhlàir romh 'n am, Seal mu 'm biodh fuar marbh, fo chreuchd, Ceannard Greugach nan geur lann. Thog e beul-còmhdaich a' bhuilg, 'S fhuair e calg guineach a' bhàis, I Fi'ith-i)hacach, iteach, ùr, slim, thusa tighinn an so?" "Fhuair .v.„^,„, . , , ,. Dòmlmufl, "mar a gheibheadh sibhse P^l^f^^^^f^^g"^,^ . , _ , c 1 11 IT- A 1 '• 1 ^ chomhdaich e 'u da rumn le h-or. nam fiachadh sibh ris. An deigh Leag e sios air làr am ball dhorahsa n saoghal thall a ruigsinn, thuirt iad rium gun d' ràinig mi ro thrà, 's chuir iad a nail mi 's ciad caora 'n a mo chois gu airgead a dheanamli dhomh fhein." "Agus an d' thugadh iad a' leithid sin dhuinne na 'n rachamaid f6iu ann?" ars' iadsan. "Bheireadh, 's iad a bheireadh" arsa Dòmhnull. "Ciod e 'n dòigh air am faigh sinn dol ann" ars' iadsan. "Direach air an aon doigh air j Aobhar nan deich mile cràdh. an do chuir sibh fein mis' ann?" ars' esan. i Ghrad-chuir e 'n t-saighead an crois, Dh' fhalbh iad, 's thug iad leotha da \ Saighead gheur nan dosgainn truagh bharaille gu iad fhein a chuir unnta gu """ ' i~-->i-' h-àrd. 'N uair a ràinig iad an t-àite chaidh fear dhiubh ann a h-aon de na baraillean, 's thilg am fear eile sios leis a' chreig e. Thug am fear sin ran as shios 's an eanchaiun an deigh dol as leis a' bhuille 'fhuair e. Dh' fheoraich am fear eile de Dhòmhnuil ciod e 'bha e 'g radh. "Tha e'geigheach, '■ Crodh as caoraich! maoin a's mathas !' " arsa Dòmli- null. "Sios mi! sios mi!" ars' am fear eile. Cha d' fhan e ri 'dhol anns a' bharaille ach ghrad leim e sios, 's chaidh an eauchainn as. Thill DòmhnuU dhachaidh s bha 'm fearann aige fhein. — Sgeidachdan Gaidhealack. dha MAR A CHAIDH MENELAUS A LOT LE PANDARUS. Air a thionndadh gu Gàilig Abraich : bho 'n cheathramh Duan de 'n Iliad — le EoBHAN Mac Lachlainn. Labhair i 's dh' impich foill, Cridh' gun sgoinn gu gniomh gun bliuaidh : Tharruing e 'n tiota air lom Bogha crom bu liomhaidh snuagh. Adh'rcean bras-ghaibhre nan cruacb A bhuail 'fhiubhaidh luath roimh'nchliabh; A preas-falaieh leum an calg, 'S i 'direadh nan garbhlach liath. 'S teach 'n a h-uchd chaidh an gtith searbli, Thait i marbh air creag nan sliabh; S riun iirnaigh bho chridh' gu dian Ri mur-dhia nam fiùbhaidh luath ; 'S gheall iar 'ath-philleadh gu 'thir Gu 'n tairgeadh e an iobairt shaor, A choig fichead ceud-ghin uan Air làr Shelia, stuaigh a ghaoil. An sin ghlac an cuimsiche còrr An èarr ghobhlach, 's an deagh shreang; Tharruing e 'n taifeid gu 'chich, 'S a chuilc dhireach gu fior-cheann; 'N uair bha 'm bogh' air a shàr-lagh Mar mhòr-chearcall, a' spadh chruaidh, A dha bhàrr cuideachd, ach gann, Bhreab am ball bu ghliongrach fuaim. Shraun an taifeid le h-àrd-eubh Leum air ghaoth nan speur 'n a still Le h-acras caothaich gu feòil* Fiùbhaidh chròcach nan geur-ruinn. Dhuts', a Mhenelàuis thrèin, Cha b' ascaoin na de bhith-bhuan: 'S i Pallas euchdach nam blàr 'Dhion bho 'n Eug thu s a' chàs chruaidh. Thill i 'n dealg-bhior bho d'chaorah chneas, IMarmhàthair an taic a luaidh, 'Dh' fhuadaicheas creithleag bho ghnùis, 'Micein ùir 'se trom 'n a shuain. Stiùir Pallas gu seòlt' an calg Gu sroath ghrinn nan ailbheag òir A dhaingnich an cries gu dlùth Far 'm bu diibailt uchdach chòrr. Lot an t-iarunn stim nan greis Gòrsaid cheutach nam breac dhealbh, * "Is minigle Homer, trid samhlachaidh, anam a thoirt do nithibh gun anam. Anns gach seanchas is ro-thait- neacb a' bhuaidh bheothacfaaidh 80 : mar a thuirt e (mu Tk. t-saighid) : Le h-acrAS caothaich," &c. Aristot. Ehet. Ill 206 AN GAIDHEAL. Treas Mlos am Fhogharaidh, 1872. 'S an fhalluing ri taic a clileibh A bhac neart nan reub-ghath searbh. Riach an giiinn' a chraicionn maoth Eomh 'n deagli-fhaobh bu dliith ri 'chòm; An f huil chraobhach bhiiicbd gu luath ']>! a blàth shiuitbean ruadh romh 'n toll. SOLUS A' PEALRADII MACH A DORCIIADAS, Eadar-theamgaichte leis an Ukkajiacii Alasdair Camshkon. An doighibh dlorahair gluaisidli Dia, Tboirt 'iongantais inu'n ciiairt; Mar cbarbad dha tha 'n doinionii dbian. 'S tha lorg a' chois' 's a' chuau. An doimhneaclidan do gbliocas sior Tha 'rùiutean taisgte suas; Is cuirear leis a thoil an gnlomh, Mar 's miann leis fein gach uair. Ur-mhisneacli glacaibh, naoimh gun treòir, Na neoil a's duirch' tha Ian Do throcair chaoinih, is doirtear leo Oirbh maitheas mòr gun dàil. Na measaibb Dia tre shealladb mbàin, 'N a gbrus cuiribb 'ur dùil; Air cùl an fbreasdail dbuircb tha grudh A' lasadb gbnàth 'n a ghnùis. A rCiintean abaichidh gu luath, •'S iad fosgladh suas gun tàrnh ; 'S ged robh a' gbucag searbh 's an uair, Didh mills' is buaidh 's a' bhlàth. As-creidimh dall theid ell 's gach ceum, Gniomb Dho a chaoidb cha sgriid; ''Se Dia 's fear-ni nieacbaidli dha fciu, 'S ni soilleir reidh gach cuis. LITIR EUNASDACIL A Gliàidlieil Gliaolaicb, Gheall mi iunis an litir mu dhoircadli a chiiir mi tluigaibh gun innsinn duibli cuid dc na scan nitlie faoiii a cbruinnich mi air mo tliuras leadh na Gàidliealtachd. Tha mi a nis a' dol a thoirt oidhirp air mo ghcalladh a choilionadh. Ach an creid sibhse ini, 'n uair a their mi ruibh gu 'm bheil mi, mar is motha 'bhcachdaicheas mi air na nitheau amaideacli ud, air mo dliaing- ncachadh anns a' bharail, gu'm blicil aig mòran dhiubli an steidh ann am firian eigin? — nach robh ann an cuid dhiubh ach d(Mgh bhàrdail air ni tigin a chumail air chuimhne, no rathad seòlta a ghabh daoine glice air firinn shònruichtc a thcagasg do- shluagh a bha aig an am cho aineòlach nach tuigcadh iad an ni a bha air a theagasg n'an rachadh a chuir fa'n comhair air dhùigh eilc? Ach leigidh sinn seachad so aig an am is bheir sinn ciiid de'n ghòraich ud a lathair. Anns an litir so tha 'mhiann orm labhairt air bcachd a bha aon uair cumanta, is nach'eil fhathast turbàs,anns a' Ghaidh- ealtachd, 'se sin, creideas ann an droch- chòmhlaichean. 'Bha e air a Ian chreidsinn gun robh cuid de nithibh, de chreutairibh, agus de dhaoinibh nach robh idir cncasda a thacliairt air ncacli. Na'm biodh tu 'dol a chum margaidh, no air tùir mnatha, no air air ghnothach cudthromach air bith eile, dh' f haodadh tu tilleadh dhachaidh n' an tachradh aon de na nithibh, neo-sheunta ud ort. Am measg nan nithe nach robh idir sona, n'amb'fhior, bha an fheadhainn a Icanas: Cha robh e ceart ma bha tliu 'dol air thiiras uighean a ghabhail chum do thra maidne. Cha mhotha a bha e sona piogh- aid a thachairt ort no seilicheag air lie luim, no uan no searrach fhaicinn 'san culthaobh riut. — Ach cha 'n c a mhidn gun robh iad so fior mi-shealbhach ri tachairt orra "nuair bha thu dolair thuras, ach bha iad a' cur air mhanadh droch f hortan fad na bliadhua, ma se is gu'm biodh a chiad seihcheag a chith- cadh tu air àitc lom, agus a chiad uan agus searrach 's an culthaobh riut. Is còmhla ri so uile,nan cluinncadhtu a chuthag air son' na ciad uair 's an òg Shamhradh mu'n do bhlais thu Ion, bha cupan do mhi fhortain L'ln. Cha ruigeadh a leas sùil a bhi agad ach ri tubaistcan, drocii-fhortan agus rosadan fad na bliadhna. A chum am mi-f hortan so a sheachnadh bha e na chleachdainu "greim cuthaige" a ghabhail 'sa' mhaduinn. B' aithne dhomh iad a bha 'cur mir de dh' aran fo'n chluasaig aca, a chum ithcadh 'nuair a dhùisgeadh iad a mochra, 'us gu'm biodh mar so toiseach aca air a' chuthaig. Tha mi cinnteach gu'n cuala iomadii aon de luchd-leugh:'.idh ''A' Ghàidheil" an rann: (.'liiiala mi 'chuthag gun bhiadh 'am bhroinn^ Chunua mi searrach 'sa chiilthaobh rium, Cluinna mi seilcheig air lie luim, Is dh'aithuich mi nach rachadh a' bhliadhiia sin learn. Cha 'n 'oil fhios agam ciod a b' aobhar do ua barailean so. Math dh'fhaodte a thaobh Tnas Mi OS an Fhogharaidh, '. AN GAIDHEAL. na cuthaig gur e an leasan a bha air a theagasg, gn'm bu choir do dliaoinibh a bhi moch air an cois ; oir bha meas mòr aig 'ur n-athraichean air moch-eiridh. Bha iad a' creidsinn aun am firiun an teagaisg a bha ai: a chur sios ann an rann beurla air am bleil gach aon eòlach. Bha an rann so ag radii gn'ni b'e. "A bhi àmail ma thamh, agus mocli air do chois, an dòigh gu bhi saoibhir, bhi falan 'us glic." Ach is eagal leam, "air maduinn chiiiin cheitein" gu 'm feumadh iad "a bhi bogadh nan gad" '•mu'n blaiseadh an t-eun an t-uisge" ma se is gum bitheadh an trath maidne seachad ma'n goireadh a' chuthag. A thaobh an rainn so mu'n chuthaig, chuala mi freagairt air a tlioirt dha is flora gu fada na an teag- asg a tha ann. Be so e : Ged 'chuala mi 'chuthag gun bhiadh 'am bhrolun, Ged'chunnamisearrach 'sachùlthaobhrium, Ged 'chunna mi seiicheag air lie luim, Is coma leam sud, ma bhios Dia leam. Bha e mar an ceudna air a mheas neo shona, thu a dhi-chuimlmeachatlh ni air bith as tilleadh air a shon. Na'n deanadh tu so, cha chinneadh do ghnothach leat air aon chor, Tha giiocas anns a' bharail so, oir ged nach b'e an tilleadh air ais a dhean- adh dolaidh ort, bha e 'dearbhadh, nach robh thu a'd ghille gnothuich maith, nach robh annad ach claobaire gun òrdugh mar bha thu mar so 's a' cheud dol a mach a' di- chuimhneachadh. Bha mar an ceudna a mhaigheach na fior dhroch chomhlaiche, a chionn, math dh' fhaodte gur i caillcach èigin a bha air i feiu a chur ann an riochd gearra. Oir bha, n'am b' f hior, an cumh- achd so aig na buidsichean iad fein a chur ann an cruth a' chreutair cheithir-chasaich so. Labhraidh mi- ann an litir eile mu'n ni so, buidseachas, is air an aobhar sin cha'n abair mi tuillidli mu na cleasan acasan aig an am. Ach cha 'n e 'mluiin gu'n robh creutairean de'n t-seùvsa so na'n drocli chomhlaichean, ach bha daoine ann mar an ceudna nach robh cneasda a choinneachadh. Bha mi fein eòlach air aon no dha aig an robh an ■cliii so. B'aithne dhomh duine coir 'us na'm b'e a' cheud aon a thachradh air iasg- airean, mar a bha iad air an rathad thim a' bhàta aca, thilleadh iad dachaidh, oir. cennn cha ghlacadh iad n'an tachradh esan orra. Cha 'n aitline dhomh carson a f huair an duinc so an t-ainm, oir tha f hios agam nach do thoill se e, oir is iomadh uair a thachair 6 orm fhein is cha robh e riamb na dhrocli chomhlaiche dhomh. Ma bha neach air bith na dhroch chomhlaiche, is gun robh a thoil agad nach deanadh e coire ort, cha robh agad ach full a thoirt as os ceann analach, is cha b' urrainn e coire air bith. a dheanamh ort. Tha seann duine a b'aithne dhomh, a tha fhathasd a lathair (cho f hada "s as fios domh,) a tha beagan cearr 's an inntinn. Bha e Ian do dh' ubagaibh agus do ghisrigeaibhaguslàn chreidsin aige gun robh muinntir ann a bha na'n droch chomhlaich- ean. Bha 6 aon uair 's an tràigh chailleag, 'usthùinigboireannachcùir a thrusadh maor- aich mar an ceudna, thainig i eadar esan agus a' ghrian, 's thuit a faileas air. Ghrad thog esan air a chliabh is dh' fhalbh e dhachaidh. An la'r na mhiiireach bha e dol do'n bhaile mhargaidii a b'fhaisgeair, air ghnothach, is co a chiad aon a thachair air ach a' cheart bhean. "Bheir mise ort," ars' esan, "nach bi thu daonnan a' cur buid- seachas ormsa." Is taimear e botal a bha aige 'na achlais is ghearr e 'bhean choir 'sa' mhaladh. Thug e a leithid do phaillearfc dhi 's gun do theab e cur as di. Chaidh a thoirt gu mod. Dh'fheòraich am breith- eamh dheth "Ciod a thug ort a' bhean a bhualadh? Ciod a rinn i ort?" "Rinni gu leòir orm" fhreagair e, "bha i daonnan a' cur ubagan orm, is bha mi direach ga m.' dhion fein o a gisreagaibh le fuil a thoirt as a maladh." Chaidh fhaighinn a mach nach robh e gu buileach 'n a chiall fein, is air an aobhar sin chaidh cùram a ghabhail dheth. Ach cha b'e daoine mearanach a mhàin a bha aon uair a' creidsinn a leithid so do dh' amaideachd, ach muinntir a bha pongail tuigseacli gu leòir a thaobh nithean eile. Tha mi 'sa' bheachd gu'm bheil dliith dhaimh eadar creideamh ann an droch chomhlaiche agus a' chleachdainn ud a tha coitchionn gu leòir 's a' bhaile so fein ris an abrar '\first-footing" anns a' Bheurla. Is e an ni o'm bheil a' chleachdainn so a sruth- adh, gu'm bheil e air a mheas neo shona dol do thigh neach air tiis na bliadhn' uire guu tiodlilachd eigin a'd làimh. Ma theid thu falamh ann tha thu a' toirt gainne is bochd- ainn chum an tighe. Ach ma bheir thu leat tiodlilachd eigin, .'us gum bheil thu fein a bhàrr air sin a'd chomhlaiche math tha thu 'toirt sonais 'us rath 'ga ionnsuidh. Tha e air a mheas na ni fior olc ni air bith iarr- aidh air lasad air latlia na bliadhna uire: gu sònruichte fadadh teine. Na'n tuiteadli gun rachadh an teine I'ls agus nach robh 208 AN GAIDHEAL. Treas Mios an Fhogharaidh, 187?. igh agad air fhadadh, b' fhcarr a bhi gun ne idir no gnn rachadli t\\ a shireadh foid tcine air coimhearsnacb. Na'n tigcadh ncach a dli' iarniidh teinc chum do thiglic, is gu robh droch rim 'na bhcachd Ic so a dbcanamb, cha robh agad adi cibbleag a cbur ann an soitheacb uisgc,'agus thuiteadli an teinc bha iadsan a' toirt leo ann an lub is racliadb a bhàthadh, is mar a tuiteadh cha robh iad comasach air coirc air bith a dheananih aona char, mar rachadh so a dheananih. Am cile a bha air a niheas cearr foid tcine a thoirt u tigh, n uair bhiodh leanabh a stigh nach d' fhuair na fiacahm. Ma se is gun d'thugadh aon aig an robh gcasan air bith a mach foid teine aig a leithid sin do dh'àm, bha aobhar eagail nach faigheadh am paisdc na fiacalan idir. Dh' fhairtUch orm fhaotainn a mach ciod a bu stiiidh do'n bharail amaideich so, no ciod an co-cheangail a b' urrainn a bhi eadar foid teine o"n teallaich agus fiacalan naoidhein 's a' chrcithcih Car do'n cheart seùrsa bha beachdan agus clcachdainean a bha air an coimhcad a thaobh dol air imrich. Bha e feumail air son so gum biodh hatha ceart air a thaghadh. 'N uair a thigeadh tu a chum an tighe anns an robh thu ri còmhnuidli a ghabhail, bha e na ni gHc crcutair beo a chur a stigh air an dorus ma'n rachadh aon do'n teaghlach a steach. Bha c na ni f ior mi shona cat a thoirt air imrich uis lugha na gun rachadh a thilgeil a stigh ma'n rach- adh ball de'n carnais a steach ; na'n rachadh so a dheanadh cha bhiodh olc air bith a' leantuinn a bhi toirt a' chait air imrich. Bha Di-sathurn air a mheas na dhroch hatha dol air imrich agus Di-luan na latha fior shona. A reir scann rann a chuala mi, cha robh a reir aogais ach da latha anns an t-seachdainn air am bu choir imrich a dhean- adh. Tha an rann ag radh : Di ciadain craobhaidli, Diar-daoin daladi, Di-h-aoine clia'n 'oil c buadhar, 'S cha dual duit falbh am uiàireach. Imricli an t-Sathurna gu tuath, Is imrich an Luain gu deas: Ged nach biodh again acb an t-uan, 'Sann Di-luain a dh' fhalbhainn his. Cha mhòtha a bha e air a mheas sona do'n aon a thigeadh a' d' dhcigh, na'm fàg- adh tu an tigh air a sguabadh gu glan. Mar is motha a bhithcadh dc shopan, de smùr, 's dc thrcanialusg fcadh an tighe 'sann a bu mhoth a bhiodh de bhuaidh a's de phiseich air an teaghlaich a bha gu còmh- nuidh ann. Cha 'n 'cil c furasd 'f haicinn ciod is ciall do 'n t saohh bharail so, ao ciod an ceangal a tha eadar salachar is soms. Shaoileadh neach gur ann mar bu ghloinnt a bhiodh tigh air fhàgail, gur ann a bu lugha dragh a bhitheadh acasan a bha 'tighinn 3 chòmhnuidh ann. Is a bhàrr air sin ma tla sonas idir ri 'fhaighinn 's ann ann an gloia- cad a tha e ri fhaotuinn is cha 'n ann idir ann an salachar. Tha eagal orm gu'm fcum mi an litir so a tharruing gu crich. Tha mi'iran de shean bharailibh eile air am bheil a rim orm sgriobhadh ma's i 'ur toil-se, Fhir-Ullachaidh, àite a thoirt dhoibh 's A' Ghaidheal. Ach, " foghnaidh na dh'fhogh- nas" aig aon am, is gleidhidhmi an còrr gu am eile. Air an ath mhios labhraidh mi air an "Droch Shiiil" air "Cronachadh" agus air an dòigh gu dol as uatha. Ach nach mòr an aobhar thaingealachd, gu'm bhcil na Gàidheil a nis cho saor o chreideas a thoirt do ghòraich de'n t-seòrsa so is 'tha sluagh air bith 's an Eoinn-Eòrpa; gum bheil iad a nis eòlach air firinn De a tha comasach an inntinn àrdachadh os ccann nan saobh bharailcan ud. Buidhcachas do'n Fhreasdal, gum bheil Soisgeul na Sithc a' dealradh le a sholus high air feadh ghlinn 'us shrathaibh nan garhh chrioch 'us gum bheil eòlas is fearr air sgaoileadh am measg au t-sluaigh. Oir ged theagamh gun tachair an so agus an sud oirbh cor aon a chreideas na scan nith- can faoine ud, do'n mhòr roinn de na Gàidhcil, tha iad cho suarach is a tha iad do'n teallsanach as foghluimichte 's an tir. Is ma tha cuid ann a tha 'toirt aithre dhoibh, cha 'n 'eil iad ach a' deanamh so a chionn is gum bhcil na seann cithe sin mar "sgeula na h-aimsir a dh' f halbh," is gur toigh leo a bhi 'cumail cuimhne air clcachdainean nan "seann daoine" a tha nis 'n an cadal gu tosd- ach samhach an Clachan 'san Cill. Ach na di-chuimhnichemaid ma tha solus is àirde againne na bha acasan, gu'm bhcil air a radh leis a bheul nach breugnaicliear, "Dhoibhsan do'n toircar mòran iarar mòran uatha." Ma tha air an aobhar sin solus is àirde againne bithidh suil gun d' thoir sinn a mach toradh is fearr. Ach is engal Icani' nach 'eil a' chuis mar sin. Cha 'n 'eil mi cinnteach gimi bheil tuillidh seirce a's caoimh- neis ri'm faotuinn a nis, nabha 'nam measg. san. Ma tha tuillidh soluis againn cha 'n 'eil am barrachd blins againn. 'Si sin mo bharailsa, theagamh gum bheil mi ceitrr. Is mi le gach deadh dhùrachd, 'ur caraid, Glaschu, air Cluaidh, Mlos \ RUNASDACH. meadhoin an Fhoghair, 1872. / I Mios an Fhogharaidh, 1872 AN GAIDHEAL. 209 S&EULACHDAN O'N " SGIATHAN- ACH." An Gobhainn agus am Ministeab. Is minic a bha guaillean teine ann an sgoman gobhainn, agus bu ro thaitneach leis a smàladh as le uisge ni 's treasa na uisge fionnair an tobair. Air la àraidh chòmhlaich. gobhainn na sgireachd am ministear, agus thachair gu 'n robh an rathad-mòr rud beag cumhann dha; gidh- eadh, cbuir e failte air a'mhinistear, a thubh- airt ris, " Sheumais, Sbeumais, tba mi ro bhrònach 'f haicinn gu'm bheil thu air tois- eacbadh air do sheann cleachdadh a ris, dh' aindeoin nam bòid a thug thu gu minic seachad. Ciod a dh' eireas duit, a dhuine thruaigh, agus ciod a tba thu 'cur romhad a dheanamh de "n bhallachan gille so agad, — brogach glan, tapaidh, gleusda gu'n teag- amh?" " Ma ta, a mbinisteir Pchoir, tha^mi 'cur romham a dheanamh dheth ni nach Tirrainn thusa, ged is duine-uasal, fiosrach, fòghluimte thu, a dheanamh, dhe d' mhac fein." " Ciod sin, a Shei^mais, innis domh. innis domh air ball, ciod sin?" "Ma ta. le'r cead, a mhinisteir," ars' an gobhainn le fiamh-'ghaire, " tba mi 'cur romham duine a dheanamh dheth moran ni 's fearr n'a athairl" Thig beo gu sdbhailceach. Bi-sa bochd, agus buanaich ann, Ogan- aich, an uair a ta muinntir eile mu'n cuairt duit a' fas saibhir trid foimeirt agus fòill. — Bi-sa gu'n inbh, gu'n chumhachd, am feadh 'sa ta sluagh eile ag tiridh suas air slighibh sleamhuinn na h-eucorach. Fulling gach àmhghar a dh' eireas o mhealladh-dòchais, agus gnàthaich foighdinn, an uair a ta cuid eile a' dol air an aghaidh gu goileamach, miodalach, seòlta! Paisg thu fein suas 'n ad' shubhailc fein agus na cum comunn ach ri fior charaid, '■ oir sgriòsar companach nan amadan." larr t-aran laitheil, agus air a shuarraichead, hi tàingeil, toilichte leis. Ma dh' fhasas tu aosmhor, liath, air an t- slighe urramaicli so, dean gairdeachas, agus do'n Ard-Eigh thoir fior thàingeilcachd do chridhe! DONNCHADH DuBH. BbaDonnchadh Dubh ro chomharraichte air son gach innleachd a ghnàthaichcadh leis chum e fein a chuideachadh ann an coir no 'n eucoir. Cha bhiodh ni sam bith a dhitb air Donnchadh, 'nam biodh e idir far an ruigeadh a làmhan air. La de na laith- bh bha muc mhòr, reamhar aig Cailean Ban, duine bochd aig an robh bothan-tighe goirid o thigh Dhunnchaidh Dhuibb. Smuainich Cailean gu'n robh an t-àm aige a' mhuc a mharbbadh agus a shailleadh. Ach CO a thàinig an rathad ach Donnchadh Dubh, a bha deas gu deagh chombairle a thoirt do Chailean mu'n t-seòl air an uUaicheadh e gach ni mu'n mhuic. " A nis, a Chailein," deir Donnchadh, " cha 'ri 'eil aon mu'n cuairt duit am fad 's am fagus, aig nach 'eil deagb-fhios gu'n do mharbh thu a' mhuc mhòr andiugh, agus thig iad as gach cearn agus cùil a dh' iarraidh chriomana a db' f haicinn am bheil an fheoil maith reamhar; ach 's e so a ni thusa, Chailein, gabh a' mhuc agus tilg 's an allt i re na h-òidhche. Cruaidhichidh an t-uisge fuar an fheoil, agus ni e glan i, agus freag- arrach air son an t-salainn. Ma thig neach sam bith chum do thighe 'sa "maduinn a dh' fhoighneachd mu 'timchioll, thoir do mbionnan gu'n do ghoideadh i, agus an sin cha bhi diiil aca ri mir di fhaotuinn." ■Rinn an duine bochd, amaideach, mar a dh' iarradh air, agus thilg e closach na muice 's an linne goirid on tigh. Thàìnig Donn- chadh Dubh anns an oidhche, an uair a bba Cailean bochd 'n a chodal, agus ghoid e a* mhiic air falbh as an allt. Air an ath mhaduinn, air do Chailean 'fhaicinn mar a thachair, thug e gu grad tigh Dhonnchaidh air, agus dh' innis e dha gu 'n do ghoideadh a mhuc gu'n teagamh sam bith. "Eo cheart, ro cheart, a Chailein, abair thusa sin, agus mo lamhsa nach eagal duit." " Ach, tha mi darireadh, a Dhonnchaidh, gu deimhin asus gun teagamh dh' fhalbh a mhuc." "Dh' fhalbh, dh' fhalbh, ro cheart, ro cheart, direach abair thusa sin, a Chailein, agus cha'n eagal duit." "Eisd rium, a Dhonnchaidh," agus e a' lasadh suas le gnè chorruich, "eisd rium an uair a tha mi, air m'onair, a' cur an ceill duit gu'n do ghoideadh a' mhuc co cinnteach ris a' bhas." "Sin c direach, a Chailein; 'sje sin a' cheart ni a dh' iarr mi ort ; thoir thusa an còmh- nuidh t'f hocal gu'n do ghoideadh a' mhuc, agus cha chuir na coimhearsnaich dragh sam bith ort; cuimhnich sin a Chailein, agus dean do ghnothuch gu ro nihaith.'^ Cha deanadh e feum 's am bith do 'n duine bhochdsmid tuilleadhalabbairt; dh' fhalbh e gu brònach dhachaidh, agus ghleidh 'us- dh' ith Donnchadh Dubh a' chreach ! Sgiathanach. 210 AN GAIDHEAL. Treas Hios an Fhogharaidb, 1872. GUTH O CHANADA. A GH.UDIIEIL RUNAICH, Am feadh u tha inoran dhaoine caoimli- neil agus suairce ann an tir nam beann a' cur fiiilte, 'us furan oirbh, agus a' guidhe LVithean fada fabharach duibh, tha iarrtus làidir agam innscadh duibh gu 'ni bhcil bhur càirdeau lioumhor ana an Canada ro thoilichte gun d' f huair sibh aoidheachd co taitneach agus co faoilidh air taobla thall a' chuain. Cha dean sinn idir di-chuimhne gur anns an dvithaich òig f harsuing aghartaich so a sgaoil sibh 'ur brcidean geahi ris an t-soirbhcas air tiis. Cha'n'eil sprochd no mi-thlachd oirnn ged a thrvig sibh sinn, agus a phlanntaich sibh 'ur n' ;\ite-tuinidh ann an dùthaich ar n-athraichean. Dileas do Abhaistean laghach mhalda nan Gàidheal, nochdaidh sinn gun amharus nach'eilach smuaintcan caoimhneil a' lionadh ar cridh- eachan an trath a tha sinn a' faicinn turus CO reidh, ciiiin romhaibh, agus snuadh co dreachmhor g'ur còrahdachadh. Cha bhi sibh feargach mu dh'innseas mi duibh gum bheil dòchas làidir aig Gàidheil Chanada nach dean sibh dearmad air -iomradh a dheanamh air ar duthaich agus air na gniomharan mura 'tha sinn a' gabhail oirnn. God is gcàrr an ùine o'n a rinn sibh imrich, thachair iomadh ni 'n ar measg a tlia araon airidh air cliù agus Ian de dhòchas làidir. Tha fios cinnteach pongail agaibh fiJin gum bheil Canada 'g eiridh gu hiath ann an ion- mhas, ann an corahfhurtachd, agus ann an cumhachd. O'n a chaidh roinnean Chanada 'aonadh agus a f huair sinn Parlamaid anns am bheil daoino tapaidh seòlta hìio gach ceàrna 's an tir a' suidhe Ic chcdle, tha e furasda 'fhaicinn gun d' imich sinn chcana astar mòr ann an sealbh a ghabhail anns an diithaicli f harsuing fhoghaintich a bhuin- eas duinn. Tha gach ce.irna 'nis le didan 'us dealas gaisgeil a' saoithreachadh a chum ^gach riaghiilt a chur air chois agus gach 'oidhirp ghasda 'dheanamh trid an d' thig oirnn pailteas a's modha agus sonas ni's àirde na mheal sinn f hathast. Aig an am so fein tha upraid mhòr air feadh na diith- cha do blirigh gun d' thàinig am taghaidh na Parlamaid hire. Mar tha fios agaibh fein, is e an Ridir Iain Mac-Dhòmhnuill a tha an dràsda 'stiìiircadh long na diithcha. Tha mòran dhaoino g'a chàineadh a;^'us g'a smàdadh, a' cumail a mach nach 'eil e idir airidh air mcas 'us ughdarras. Tha e da rireadh furasda coirc fliaotainn. Is eduine seòlta, tapaidh, geur-inntinncach a tha anns an Ridire. Bha dragh 'us àmhghar mòr aige mu 'n do chiiiinich e iomadh duine fiar crosda aig nach robh iarrtus air bith gun toiseachamaid le cheile air farsuing- eachd uamhasach na mòr-roinn so àiteach- adh agus fhosgladh suas. Anns na coig bliadhanchan a tha 'nis seachad, shoirbhich le Mac-Dhomhnuill agus a chàirdean. Tha Canada cheana diongmholta agus samhach; tha oibrean mora 'dol air an aghaidh; tha cabhlach lurach a' lionadh nan abhnaichean; tha rathaidean iaruinn g'an deanamh ; agus, an creid sibh so? bithidh, ann an ùine gheùrr, an t-each iaruinn a' srùunail gus a' chuan mhòr a tha air cid America. Inn- sibh do na h-Albannaich uile guni bheil iomadh mile acair-fhearainn ann am Mani- toba, far nach do chinn arbhar riamli, agus far am bheil talamh trom brighmhor. Tha tuarasdal mòr air a thairgseadh do gach seirbhiseach a tha toileach saothair dhligh- each a dheanamh. Tha fosgladh gasda gealltanach air gach taobh do luchd-imrich dhichioUach dheanadach. Is maith a thig e dhuibhse impidh a chur air gach Albannach nach 'eil toilichte le 'charamh ann an duth- aich athraicliean, aghaidh a thionudadh a dh 'ionnsuidh Chanada. Bithidh e duilich geur-bharail a thabhairt seachad mu dheidh- inn na còmhstri a tha aig an am so a' luasg- adh na diithcha. Cha bhi e idir iongantach mu gheibh an Ridir Mac-Dhomhnuill greim air an àrd-inbhe 'tha e 'nis a' sealbhachadh re coig bliadhnachan eile. Ma dh' f haoidte gun cuala sibh gu'n d' thàinig a' chrioch air Iain Sandfield Mac-Dhomhnuill. Cha robli ann ach balach bochd Gaidhealach gun mhaoin, gun charaid cumhaclidach, ann an toiseach a laithean. Gidheadh le dichioll 's le tapachd a bha comharruichte, choisina e maoin 'us ainm 'us seasamh àrd ann aa gnothaichean na diithcha. Gu latha 'bhais, bha e measail air a' Ghailig, agus bu mhaith, bu sgiobalta, 's bu jihongail a labhradh e i. Agus chriochnuich an t-OUamh Urram- ach, blàthchridlieach, deas-chainnteach Mac Leòid a chuairt thalmhaidh! An duine lagliach, bàigheil, deas-fhoclach, dh'eug e. An Gùidheal grinn stuama, bha sinn uile proiseil gum buineadh e dhuinn. Dhuisg teachdaireachd bàis an duine mhòir so raulad mòr ann an iomadh cridhe 'san. diitliaich so. Bha sinn uile miu-eòlach air treubhantas 'us eud 'us dichioll Tliormoid; agus air an aobhar so blia sinn tiamhaidh smalanach an uair a ràinig an naidheachd bhrònach sinn. 'N uair a tha 'Bhan-righ. Tress Mios an Fhogharaldb, 1872, AN GAIDHEAL. 211 ■bheusacli gLaolach, prionnsaclian agus tigh eaman, sgoileirean mora agus daoine diadh uidb a' deanamh luaidh air àilleachd 'us gaisge 'us fogbainteachd Thormoid, cead- aichibh dhuinne ann an Canada 'n ni so aithris: gum bheil doilgbeas mòr oirnn gun do tbuit an laoch mòrail, meamnacb, oir bba gràdb ar cridbe againn air, agus bba sinn Ian aoibhneis, 'us aighearracb, an tràtb a cbuala sinn gun robb Tormoid Mac Leoid a teacbd a nail tbar a' chuain ann an ùine gbeàrr. "Cha'n fbàilnicb a cbumbacbd no a cbliù, 'S cha gbearar a cbuimhne o mbeasg an t-slòigh." Mu bbitbeas sibh iarrtuiseach air fiosracb- adb 'fbaotainn bbo ana gu am, ciamar tha cùisean a' soirbheacbadb ann an Canada, cuiridb mi le toileacbadli mùr iomadb litir d' ur n-ionnsuidb, Is mise, Le mòr urram agus deadh run, Bbur caraid dileas, ONTARIO. Treas mios an t-Samhraidh, 1872. ALTACHADH-BEATHA DO Shir Coinneach Mac-Choinnich, Triath Ghearr-Loch Air dba seilbh a gbabbail ana am Fearann 'Aitbrichean. O'n gbiùlan ghealltauach a bb' aige 'n a mhion-aois bba gach bochd 'us beartach dhetb 'cbuid iocbdarain 'am beò-dhòchas gum biodh e cosmhuil ri 'aith- ricbean, 'na uacbd;iran fiiigbantacb, fogh- ainteach, iiiosal, agus bàigbeil. M'aoibhneas eibhinn, inntinneach. An sgeul an dràsd' cliaidb innseadb dliomb, ' S e gbleus mo cbàil cho iunsgineacb Gu seinu mo tboil do 'n òig-f hear. 'S e gbleus mo chidl, &c. 'S e 'n t-òig-f hearr meadbracb matbasacb, Tbafiùghail, fialaidb, flatbasach, A dh-fbàs a stoc neo-gbaiseadacb, Taigh Eacbimnach nan ròiseal. A db-fhas a stoc, &c. 'Bbi gabbail seilbh le barantas, 'An àros àdbmbor aithricheau, 'S a' choir, 's an staoidTiie bb' aca sud, Le macantas gun mbòr-chuis. 'S a' choir, 's an sfaoidhle, &c. B'e suaicbeantas na h-aitim ud, Mar chite 'n sròl am brataichean. Ceann ciar-dbearg, cràcacb, cabarach, Damb aigeannach nam mùi-bheann. Ceann ciar-dhearg, Szc. Bu lionmhor cliii ri 'fhaotuinn orr', lad caoimhneil, càirdeil, daonnachdach, lad miiimeacb, meineach, faoilteachail, Gu gaolach, glic, Ian eòlais. lad miiirneacb, &c. Mar charraig chruaidb nach caraicheadh, Ged reubadh stoirm an talamb dbith, Gu seasadh iad le 'n glas-lanna, A' casgairt luchd an comh-stri. Gu seasadh iad, &c. B'iad sud na leògbainn bhuadbarra, Bha colgail, ainmeil, cruadabich, Bhiodli armach, meanmnacb, luatb-gbaireacb- 'N uair ghluaiseadh iad 'san tùracbd. Bhiodb armach, &c. Bu chleachdacb anns a' mhaduinn leo Bbi direadh mach ri bealaicbean, Gu gunnacb, cuimseach, grad-Kimbach, Chum tachairt ri fear croice. Gu gunnacb, &c. Be sud an còmblan àbbachdach, Le 'm miol-choin ghlas, 's le 'n spaintichean, Bhiodh fuilteacb, calgach, làn-shacach, 'N am teàrnaidb dhoibh le solas. Bhiodh fuilteacb, &c. 'S iar ruigbeacbd Teach na rioghalufhd, Bhiodh tiunal fhear 'us nionag ann, 'S bhiodh deoch 'g a h-òl a piosau ac; — Deagh fhidhleireacbd 'us òrain, 'S bhiodh deoch, &c. Bhiodh IMac-nan-creag gu sprcigeanta Ag aithris ceòl nam feadanau, 'S an talla gbreadhuach sbeasgaireacb, 'M biodh fleasgaicbean 'an òrdugb. '^ an talla gbreadhuach, &:c, Bu dionach bhlàth an f hasdail ac. Do bhàird, do chliair, 's do cheatharnaich, 'Bhiodh duanach, fuaimneacb,caithreamacb^ Le carthannas nan seòd ud. Bhiodh duanuch, &c. 'S a Choinnich òig b' i nv iarratas, O'n 's geug o sbùgh nam friamh ud thu, Gu meas thu 'n ainm 's an riaghailtoan, Ni 's fiachaile na 'n stòras. Gu meas thu 'n ainm, &c. Na lean 'an ceum nan uachdaran, A tha 'cur fas nan tuatb-bbailtean, Le'n docha Icidh m' an cuairt orra, 'S a sluagb a chur air f ògai'. Le'n docha fciJh, &c. 212 AN GAIDHEAL. Treas Mios an Fhoghar^dh, 187*. Ach ùraich 's an Aois laruinn so 'Am measg na tuath' a riaghlas tu, Gach cleachdadh bli' aig an tighearnan, 'S cha bhriag ged "theirt' Aois Oir rith' Gach cleachdadh, &c, Bi beachdail, smachdail, reusanta, Gu duineil, seasmhach, treubhanta, Na faic a' choir gu heigneachadh, 'S na h-eisd ri guth hichd fòirneirt. Na faic a' choir, &c. Bi aoigheil, bàigheil, sìobhalta, 'N uair thachras ort au diobarach; Biodh bantraichean 'us dilleachdain, Ro chinuteach as do chòmhnadh. Biodh bantraichean, &c. 'S bi 'dh rath, 'us miadh, 'us urrani dhuit, Gu fialaidh, pailt, 's gu bunaiteach, 'S ni sith, 'us sàimh, 'us subhachas, A'd' thuineachas an còmhauidh, 'S ni sith, &c. 'Us thig gach ni gu 'n gnathsalachd, Mar chleachd na suiun o'n tainig tu, 'S bi 'dh fonn, 'us ceòl, 'us àbhachdas, 'An Gearr-loch mar bu nos dhoibh. 'S bi'dh fonn, &c. Deagh shaoghal fada, fallain dut, "•An cUii, am. miiirn, 's an tapantachd, Biodh beannachd thuath' 'us cheathairn' dut 'd mo bheannachd fein an tòs dut. Biodh beannachd, &c. LOCH-AILLSE DO NEOINEAN A BHA a' CINNTINN GU DOSRACH URAR FO BHLATH AIR AN RATHAD MHOR AIR MAD- VIKS NA BLIADHNA UIRE, 18G8. B' ann air maduinn na bliadhn' ùire, Ann an diildachd 'geamhraidh, A chunnaic mise neòinean àillidh. 'S 6 mar bhlàth an t-samhraidh. Cha b'ann fo chiirani gàradair, No'm bruachan bl;\ an all tain, Ach air rathad mòr an rìgh, Gun sion do fhasgadh ann da. Bha crodh is caoirich air gach taobh, 'S gach bile*g f haoiu gu chreim ac', Ach saltairt air no beantainn ris, Cha robh ann aon a rinu e. Bha ghucag geal le bile dearg, Bu mhais do ghruaidh bean bainnse, 'S gach duilleag uain mar roth mu'n cuairt 'Ga dhion o fhuachd 's o chrainnteachd. O 's ann mar sud 'tha iomadh neach, 'S iad ruisgte ris an t-saoghal, Tha deuchainn plàigh is buairidhean, A' cuairteachadh gach taobh dhiubh. Ach ged a dh' f heud gach cruaidh chàs ud An cuir gu bruach na h-eiginn, Gidheadh gu bràth cha tuit iad sios Is làmh 'g an dlon nach leir doibh. An Ti a ghleidh an neòinean faoin Tre mheadhon geamhraidh gailbheich Gu'n gluidh tre gheamhradh'n t-saoghail so Gach neach a làimh a dhearbas. I. C. Leadaig. BAS SHEJTACHERIB. Mar mliadadh a chromas gu moch air a' chrò, Craos-fhosgailteach, fad-fhiaclach, geur- ineach, beò ; Mar sid rinn àrd-cheannard Assyria 'teacM, Ann am purpur 's un or uile-còmhdaicht' bha 'fheachd. Mar bhoillsge reult oidhche air muir Ghalili Bha dealaa an lannan a lean e mar Righ. Mar dhuilleach na coille 's an samhradh 'n a àird, 'S au f heasgar cho lionmhor bha armailt nan sàr ; Mar dhuilleach na coille 'sam foghar air triall, Bha armailt nan treun 'n uair a dh-cirich a' ghrian I Oir db'imich am Bàs ann an carbad na gaoith* 'S del seachad thug 'anail dhoibh galar 'us gaoid, lad uile 'n an sincadh 'an suan-chadal trom, Bhuin an t-aog do na seòid, 'scha robh deò ann an com; Gun ghluasad 'n a shineadh 'an sid air an fheur Bha'n stcud-eacli a b'uallaiche gluasad an de, Bha 'cliuinean cruin, fosgailte, dearg, ach ma bha, Dh'fhalbh anail na misnich 'sua sitrich gu bràth, 'S bha cobhar a' chruaidh-ghleachd mu 'n cuairt air gach taobh. Mar chop-goal nan stuadh air an sguaba' le gaoith. Bha 'marcach 'n a shineadh 'an sior-chadal fuar, 'Armachd air meirgeadh 's an dealt air a ghruaidh. Tre*sMios an Fhogharaidh, 1872. A^ GAIDAEAL. 213 Na pàilleanan samhach, gun giiàire, gun cheòl, 'S na brataichean uile gun duine 'n an còir, Na lannan caol, direach. 'n an sìneadh. 's an fheur, ^Sna trompaidean ard-ghu'ach sàmliach, gun gheum; Tlia bantraichean Asuir ri coranaich àrd, 'S cru sìorruidli fo mlii-cliliù tlia lodhalan ^ Bhàail; Oun cliòmhrag 's gun iomairt tha 'n Cinn- each 'us 'fheachd Ann am fianuis 'ur Dia-ne air leagliadh. mar slmeaclid! "Bun-Lochabak," NAIDHEACHDAN. Mu dheidhinn na ceisde cudthromaich a bha eadar sinn fein agus America, tha sinn j toilichte 'iunseadh, gu'm bheil i gu bhi air ; a cur gu taobh gun dàil ann an dòigh ' shiociiail. Bho cheann ùine bha co-chruinn- : eachadh ann an Geneva, a' rannsachadh na ciiise, agus a' deanamh deas air son breath a thoirt. Bha na h-Americanaich ag iarr- aidh gu'm pàidheadh Breatuiun £9,479,160. 133. 4d. air son a' chall a rinn an Alabama j (agus na soithichean eile bha maille rithe) I ©rra. Clia phàidheadh Breatuinn an t-suira so, oir bha i air a saoilsinn ro mhòr, agus air a h-iarraidh gu mearaclidach ; ach air a' chùis thug a' bhuidheann a dh-ainmich sinn breth, agus si sin gum pàidhear do na h-Americanaich £3,229,166. I3s. 4d. Air do uile chisibh na rioghachd blii air an tional, bithidh pailteas airgid aig àrd ionmh- asair a' chruin 'n a mhaileid gus na fiachan leibeideach so a phàidheadh. Bha an t-àrm Breatuinneach cruinn air a' mhios a chaidh seachad ann an ceann deas Shasuinu, ri iomairt a's deas, mar gu'm b' ann ri cogadh a bhitheadh iad. Bha iad air an roinn 'u am buidheannaibh; ceannard air gach buidheann, agus iad a' stri co bu deise 'sa b'ealanta an am a' chruadail. Ged a thug feadhainn de na ceannardaibh iom- adh òidugh tuaireapach, gidheadh bha a' chuid mhor de 'n obair gu math 's gu sgiob- alt' air a deanamli. Dh'ainmich sinn anns an t-seachdamh àiraamh de 'n Ghaidheal gun robh a' bhan-righ gu cuairt a thoirt do'n taobh tuath; agus rinn i sin. Air an t-seathamh latha da dhara mios an Fhoghair chaidh i tuath gu ruig Dun-Roibin. Mar a bha i 'del air a h-aghaidh bha còmhlanan 'ga «oinaeachadh anns gaeh àite 's an robh an carbad iaruinn a' stad. Bha Prothaiste gach baile a' toirt sgriobhadh di, a' cur an ceill taingealachd an t-sluaigh agus an toil- eachais air son i a thighinn 'n am measg. Bha mòran greadhnachais mu na h-àitean 's an robh i 'stad ; ach os cionn gach àite tha sinn a' cluinntinn gu'n choisinn Eilgin an turram, Ann an (ioillspidh bha na briathraibh so anns a' Ghàilig air an sgriobh- , adh feadii a' bhaile, " Ar Buidheachas do'a Bhuadhaich;" "Na h-uile latha 'chi 's nach fhaic;" "slàintedhuibh a's solas," "Ceudmile fàilte do Chataobh." &c. Cha robh 'leithid a dh-fhuaim 'sa thartair rioghail 'san taobh tuath, theagamh, o linn righ Fhionnghail 'sna Feinne. Tha iomradh am measg nam paipearan naidheachd gu'm bheil mac aa Uiiic Chataich a' dol a phòsadh Beitiris, an aon nighean a tha gun phòsadh de'n teagh- lach rioghail. Tha am Marcus òg bliadhna- thar-fhichead, agus a' bhan-phrionnsa sia- bliadhna-diag a dh-aois. Tha diii gach galair, an Einderpesf, an deigh bristeadh a raach a measg a' chruidh ann an Siorramachd York. Chaidh gach ni a chleachdadh air son a chumail gun sgaoileadh, — ach gun fheum sam bith. Tha e 'sgaoileadh 's an t-siorramachd sin, a^us, mar a till e gu h-aithghearr, cha b'iongantas leiun ged a bhiodh iomradh air e 'bhi 'an Albainn ann an iiine ghearr. Tha 'u t-iasgach 's an airde an Ear a nise criochnaichte air son bliadhna. 'An Inbhir- ùig, 's anns na h-àitibh iasgaich eile 'au Cataobh 's an Gall-thaobh, cha do ghlacadh idir uiread 's a ghlacadh an uiridh. Ach 'an Ceann-a'-Phàdruig, as puirt eile 's chearn- aidh sin, ghlacadh mòran eisg. Bha mu'n cuairt do mhile bàta a mach a Geana-a'- Phiidruig as Abar-eadhain, agus ghlac iad dlii air ciad gu leth mile crann: no ciad ga leth crann air a cheile. Tha deagh phris air an sgadan 's na puirt thall, agus a bhos mar an ceudna. Cha-n-eil iasgach trom sam bith f hathasd anns an àirde au lar, ach bi 'dh dùil nach d' theid an Geamhradh seachad gun e gluasad 'an àiteigin. Tha 'n gaiseadh anns a bhuntàta ann an cuid de chearnaidhean (mar a dh-ainmich sinn roimlie) ach tha sinn a' cluinntinn nach 'eil a choltas air gu'n teid e na's f haide air aghaidh. Tha 'n aimsear anabaiTach flinch anns gach cearna. Tha na tuathanaich a muigh- eadh gur h-eiginn doibh na prisean a thogail na's àirde na 'tha iad — ged a bha muinntir a' orearan air an airdid o chionn f hada. 214 AN GAIDHEAL. Treas Mlosan Fhogharaidh, 1872» Cba'n 'eil neach air thalamh Nach fheum 'bin ga ghabhail, 'S cha tig iad ro mhath as a dbith. 2. 'S e 'ni fiodh an iuchair, 'Se'n t-uisge 'ghlas; Chailleadh na sealgairean, 'Sfbuair an t-sealg ds. 3. ; Chi mi thall air fanas, 'Sail- bàrr na roite ruaidhe A mac a' tighinn bho 'n mhJitbair, 'S a mhàtbair ag imeacbd uaitbe. 4. D;i fhitheacb air a' chreig, Da fbitheacb gob ri gob, Fitheach a feitlieamh an fhithich, 'Sco meud btheach a tha sin? FnEAGAiRTEEN do na Toimhseachain anns n t-seachdamb aircamh de 'n Ghaidheal. 1. AnMle. i!. An gaol. ;i. Cliathan na h-uinneige. 4. Trl nathraichean. 6. Spaiun no gloiune. 6. An lathad mòr. NITHE NUADH' AGUS SEAN. Tha sinn a' ftigblum ni eigin eadhon o challdaehd. Feumaidh iadsan nach cuir 's an Eanacb a bhi 'giarraidh na deirce 's an Fhoghair. 'S fearr dol timcbioli na tuiteam 'san digc. Cuidicbidh biorana beaga nis fearr na feadhain mhòra chum an teine 'bheothachadh. AiRoiou AGUS UiNE. — Aig airgiod agus ùine tha mòran an luach fuin. " Chan urrahin an tl a chuireas an t aon gu drocb bhuil, an t-aon cile 'chur gu deagh bhuil. Cha n eil duine ann cho suarach 'na chaith- beatba 'snach feud a ghiuiau a bhi chum lochd d'a choimhearsnach. Na l^g ni sam bith gun dheanamh a ta freagarrach ann an ciiis n'an obair a ta dligh- each a bhi deunta. Measar cumhachd an duine leis an ni air an cuir e crioch, agus ni h-ann leis an ni air am feud e ionnsuidh a thabhairt. Feudar Firinn, Subh ailc agus Sonas a bhi air aui faineachadh o cheile, ach cha 'n urr- aiun iad a bhi air an eadar-dhealachadh. Theid iad mar phcathraiche griidhach, diùth- dhaingnichte r'a cheile, agus a' boillsgeadh soluis na diadhachd ann an cridhe an duine. SOP AS GACH SEID. Ma 's dubh ma 's odhar no ma's donn, 'S toigh leis a' ghabhar a meann. Mionach a' bheathaich ismaoile, Air adhaircean a' bheathaich is bioraiche. Am fear is treise an uachdar, 'S am fear is^luaithe air an toiseach. Seacbd bliadhna, saoghal a' chait, Sin gu h-eibhinn agus ait, Seach sin codal ugus turchardaich. Bha dithis mhac aig duine iiraidh; agus b'hbhaist do 'n dara fear a bhi 'geiridh gu moch 'n uair a bha am fear eile na chudal. Air am eigin fhuair fear na moch diridh sjjor- au airgid air an ratliad. Ars' athair agus e dol leis an sporan thun an f hir a bha s an leabaidh "na'm bitheadh thusa aireiridh cho moch ri do bhratbair dh-fhaodadh thu fhein an sporan fhaighiun," '"Smath dh-fhaoidhte gu-m faodadh," ars' csan '-ach na'm bitheadh n duine boehd a chaill e na chadal cho | (^•^re.'" Tha'N Gaidiieal ro fhada 'san amhach riumsa, cha chailleadh c 'sporan." I adharc air son a leithid sin. Chuir Gilleas- Tliuirt leanabh iiraidh ri brlithair athair | I'.u'o thugainn òran uair-eigin, agus gheall gu 'm bu choir dha a bhi faicioliach gun dad : ^*"" feum a dheanamh dheth; ach tha ion- ach airgiod cruaidh a bhi aige 'n uair a bhas- gantas air nach 'eil e 'ga fhaicinn anise, 'sA' FREAGAIRTEAN. NiALL Crubach a ris. — Nach e Niall Cril- bach a tha bagarrach? Am bheil e'smaoin- eaehadh naeh'eil^againne ri dheanamh ach a bhi 'frithealadh air sa. Chaidh a' bhiirdachd gus na coin ma's e Niall am bard a's fearr a tha ri fhaighinn. Ach si ar beachd-ne gum bheil inntinn Neil) mar 'bha Idine Dhòmh- nuill Cheaird,an deigh'dhol deth a seòl. Am bheil e 'smuaineachadh gur lighichean siune gu cungaidhean a dheanamh suas a bbeir air an fheòsaig aige-sa flis? Ma tha, cha toir sinu de chorahairle air ach ola chas easgann, bainne cich ciree, 'sgeir mheaubh-chuileag, air am measgadh ann an adharc muice, a shuathadh ri smig le ite cait. Fhuair sinn "Leomag, agus chl ar caraid ann an ùinc ghehrr, nach ann do phoca na gaineamhaiche 'chuireas sinn i. I'ha Gilleashuig Aotrom an diii] gum bheil An Gaidheal gle aincòlach. Am bheil e 'smuaineachadh gun toir e a chreidsinn oirn- ur h-csan a rinn "aiarbh-rann, Iain aiclieadh e, air eagal 's gi nvtaichmn an uair a ruigeadh loisgeadh thall. TOIMIISKACIIAIN. 1. Is buig e na brocban. Is cruaidhe e na aran; A's bi 'dh e 'n cuideachd an ri Ghaidheal. Faodaidh sinn innseadh do Ghilleasbuig gun d' rinn sinn ar Icum deth— eadhon au aon feum a dheanadh e—a chur 'san lainel Tha sinn fad an comain an "Sgiathanaich " air son cho cuimhneach 'sa tha e oirnn. Sliin iomradh air. Gu'm bufadesan an comas a b luaidh air Eilean maiseach a' Cheò! 5€! (i^Sit, ENGLISH DEPARTMENT. OCTOBER, 1872. GAELIC PHILOLOGY. The following interesting remarks on tlie philology of the Gaelic language, are from a lecture delivered by the t Eev. Mr. Cameron, of Kenton, in this j city: — Mr. Cameron, after referring I to the method pursued in the study of philology, and to the principle accord- ■ ing to which languages are divided into families, went on to say that the Celtic belongs to the family which is now called the Indo-European or Ary- an, and which embraces Sanskrit, Zend, Greek, Latin, Celtic, and the Teu- tonic and Slavonic languages. Phil- ologists differ in opinion in regard to the position of the Celtic in this family, but it seems to stand in the nearest relationship to the classical languages, especially to the Latin, although its marks of affinity to the other branches of the family are both numerous and striking. The affinity of Latin to the Celtic is proved by the numerous cognate words which are found in these languages, and by the fact that many of the laws of their letter-changes have been ascertained. In regard to cognate words, it deserves to be noticed that very many of the words which are marked in the Latin Lexicons as derived from unknown or doubtful roots, show a close affinity to words found in one or more of the dialects of the Celtic. After giving numerous examples of Gaelic and Latin cognates — as capio and gabh; celo and cell; iimeo and tlomct; tenuis and tana; earns and car, car a, car aid; senex f^gen. senis) and scan; siccus and seac — he proceeded to notice some of the letter-changes between these lan- guages :— 1. Consonants, which in the middle and end of words are aspirated in Gaelic, are plain in Latin. Exam- ples: — comis and caomh; sat and sàtk; tego and tigh, tighearn; remus and ràmh; ratis and rath; equus and each; seciis and seach; mater and màthair. 2. P in Latin frequently corresponds to c in Gaelic. Examples: — Pluma and clumh (down) ; plecto and cleachd (plait) ; lapis and leac; purpura and corcor; vesper and fescor (now feas- gar). The same letter-change occurs between Welsh and Gaelic, between Welsh and Latin, and between Greek and Latin. Examples ; Welsh and Gaelic: — Pen and ceami; plant and eland {now clann); pedioar and ceithir; pimp and chig ; map and mac; pren and crann; Welsh and Latin : — Ped- icar and quatuor ; pimp and quinque; Greek and Latin : — Pente and quinque; hippos and equus; hepomai and sequor. In Gaelic itself plod and clod signify the same thing. 3. From many Gaelic words initial p has wholly disappeared. Examples : Pater and athair ; 2>iscis and iasg ; pier us and leir; j)lemis and làti; 2?rafum and rath (plain); pectus and uchd. So also Gr. platus and L. latus (Gaelic leathan). It maj^ be noticed in connection with this letter-change that, while aspirated p becomes/ aspi- rated /' becomes quiescent in Gaelic. From this it arises that several Gaelic words begin sometimes with, and some- 216 THE GAEL. times without initial/, as /oir arid oir; fàrlus and hrlus; fàradh and uradh. 4. Manj^ words beginning in Latin with T begin in Gaelic with f. Exam- ples : — Veriis and /tor ; rir, tiri and fear, fir; tirtiis and feart; Tanus andyàow (faoin); tagor and /ògair; tesper and fescor (feasgar); riginti and fichead; tarns and fiar ; row, Tocalis and focal. Instead of v in Latin, and/ in Gaelic, the Welsh has frequently gic. Examples : — Vertis and gicir; xir, tiri and gwr, gv:yr ; TÌnum and gwin; ventus and gwynt. 5. Several words beginning in Latin with V begin in Gaelic with b. Exam- ples : — Valhan and halla; titiiim and baotk; veru and bior ; tlta and beatha; tiro, (Gr. bio(>) and bèo; Tilla and baile. It may be noticed, as showing that these letter-changes are not arbi- trary, that where v in Latin represents the aspirate, or the digamma, in Greek the Gaelic has^ ; but where v in Latin represents b in Greek, the Gaelic also has b. 6. Some words beginning in Latin ■with/, begin in Gaelic with b. Exam- ples: — Fero and beir ; frango, from hìcssò, and bris ; frendo and briian; fratis, fraudis and braid; frater and brhthair; fremo, from bremo and hramaire; fermo and beirm. 7. Some words beginning with /in Latin begin with s in Gaelic. Exam- ples : — Frenum and srian (Welsh, ffrwyn) ; fastis and siiist (Welsh, ffust) ; flecto and slenchd. Ff (which corre- sponds to /in Gaelic) and s frequently interchange in Welsh and Gaelic. Ex- amples: — Ffroen and sr a i?i ; ffivj-n and sorn ; ffreuo and sruth ; ffymi and scan Gvseun. The Greek aspirate is frequently represeated by / in Latin and by s in Gaelic, which accounts for the inter- change of these letters in Latin and Gaelic. 8. 8 precedes several words in Gae- lic when it does not precede the corre- sponding words in Latin. Examples : — No, nati, and smmh; neo, nevi, and sììlomh, ruo and sruth; nix and sneachd. It may be noticed here that the Latin fallo corresponds to the Greek sphalò, and tego to stegò ; that terphos =:sterphos; and that, in Gaelic, leamhan = sleamhan and leac = sleac. The Latin strenuus also may be com- pared with the Gaelic treun. 9. N disappears in Gaelic in the middle of a word before s, / or the tennes p, t, c (Ebel's Zeuss p. 42). Ex- amples : — Mensis and mios ; census and CIS ; infernum and ifrinn ; dens, dent- is, and deud; centum and ceud; riginti and fichead; tendo and tend; inter and eadar; quinqne and ciiig; rumpo and reub ; mensus and meas. 1 0. The mediae b, d, g, correspond in Gaelic, especially in modern Gaelic, to the tenues p, t, c in Latin. Exam- ples : — Capio and gabh {gab) ; caper and gabhar {gabar) ; carpentum and carbad ; liquo and leagh; linquo and. leig ; squama and sgamhal; queror, querimonia and gearan; vix and beag, big ; scateo and sgaoth. In ancient Gaelic the tenues are frequently pre- served, as in acus {agus), ce't, {ceud), etar, {eadar); carpat {carbad). Other letter-changes, including those which affect the vowels, might be no- ticed — but the above, together with the large number of cognate words found in Latin and Gaelic, are sufficient to prove the close affinity of these languages. It is necessary, however, to guard against inferring affinity from mere resemblance in the forms of words, for words de- rived from different roots often closely resemble one another, while words that have little or no resemblance to one another in form may be proved, from the ascertained rules of letter-changes, to be cognates. Ventus and gaotk (Welsh gwynt) furnish an example. (See letter-changes 4 and 9 above.) So also the words eun, ite, edn (Welsh), pen, feather, which, although dissimilar in form, are all derived from the same THE GAEL. 217 root pet, which appears in the Greek y^o-càpetomai. (See the old Latin form petna, for penna, and letter-change 3 above.) He then referred to the loan- words, such a3 sarjart, eaglais, peac- adh, aoradh (anciently adrad, from adoratio), leabhar, leugk, sgriohh, seirbhis, which have been borrowed from Greek and Latin, and which, although they have been incorporated into Gaelic, cannot be taken into ac- count in judging of its affinity to the languages from which these words have been derived. In very many instances it is difficult to distinguish between loan words and words that are purely Celtic. The affinity of Gaelic to Greek is shown by the large number of cognate words which are found in these languages. The following are examples : — Tis, ti, and tl ; pelomal \ and hell ; orge and fearg ; meros and mXr ; helro and gelirr ; derJcomal and dearc; lambanO smd làmh; deÌ7ios a,nà dian; kairos and coir; nephos and neamh ; ball/J and huall ; gunS (Boeot. hanci) and bean. The words that are common to Greek, Latin, and Gaelic are very numerous. The following are examples : — Cliortos, hortus, gort or gart {Gort or gart frequently appears in Gaelic topography, as Gartinore Gavtsherrk. The diminutive gortan is still common in the spoken language) ; cheimon, cheima, hiems, geamh {Geamh- radh is from the old word geamh, as mmhradh is from slunh) ; chamos, hamus, cam and caman ; tauros, taurus, tarhh ; misgO, niisceo, ineasg; kerdi), cerdo, ceard; Jiupnos, somnus, suain; kahalles, cahallus, capull; Jdino, dino,claon; gignomai{aor. egenomèn), gigno f'perf. genui), gin (the root is gen, from which comes also gniomli) ; kluo, clueo, cluinn and cuala ; hezomai (fut. hedownai), sedeo, suidh; hioO, vivo, beh ; plains, latus, leathan ; Ciena, ulna, uileann. A comparison of the numerals and also of the pronouns in Greek, Latin, and Gaelic, would lead to the same conclusion in regard to the close affi- nity of these languages. He did not maintain that Latin and Greek have been derived from Gaelic. All that he maintained was that these lan- guages are closely allied— that they have a common parentage, which, parentage could be discovered only by a comparison of the roots of the several branches which have sprung from it. In estimating, however, the compara- rative ages of these languages, the fact must not be overlooked that there are many words in Gaelic which resemble more closely than do their Greek and La- tin cognates, the corresponding words in Sanskrit. After referring to the two families into which the Celtic dialects are divided — the British, including the Welsh, Cornish, and Armoric ; and the Gaelic, including Scottish Gaelic, Irish, and Manx — he proceeded to give an. account of the early printed works in Gaelic, some of which he exhibited, and concluded by referring to what has been done within the last few years by Continental and Irish scholars such as Zeuss, Ebel, and Stokes, to promote the scientific study of Gaelic, and to what still remains to be done in the same field. He said it was curious to find some of the most learned works on Celtic philology coming to us from India, where, far distant from the Celtic MSS., Dr. Whitley Stokes, who is connected with this city, finds means for prosecuting the study of a science to which he has made contributions, second in importance only to the great work of Zeuss, which, as now revised — it might be said rewritten — by Ebel, must form the foundation of the scien- tific study of Celtic. The " Turin Glosses," printed by Stokes in his " Goidilica," have since been published, carefully edited by the Chev. Di Nigra, and an edition of the " Milan Glosses" 5li3^ ;i8 THE GAEL. is now in preparation for publication The theologian Ebrard published, last year, a work on the Ossianic Gaelic, which is curious and interesting although it contains many errors, which, however, are, to be accounted for, partly by the incorrectness of the materials with which he dealt, and partly by his want of acquaint- ance with our vernacular Gaelic. In regard to modern Gaelic, he believed that as much has been done for the Gaelic of Scotland by the Stewarts, Dr. J. Smitb, Armstrong, Ewen M'Lachlan (of Aberdeen), and Dr. M'Intosh M'Kay, as has been done for any of the other dialects of the Celtic, but much still remains to be done. The Gaelic Scriptures must be purged of the errors and anomalies which escaped the notice of tlie translator and also of the revisers of the quarto edi- tion of 1826, so that they may becom what they were intended to be — the standard of Gaelic Grammar and Or- thography; the work of which Dr. Alexander Stewart laid the foundation, in his " Grammar of the G^ielic Lan guage," must be completed; a stand ard edition of the Gaelic poets must be prepared; the Bardic and other traditional literature v.'hich still exists in the Highlands, but which has not been committed to writing, must be col lected and i:)reserved, before the present generation shall have passed away; much must yet be done, in addition to what has already been done, to read and interpret the old Gaelic which has come down to us, often much obsured, in the Gaelic names of places ; and, especially, a Gaelic Comparative Lexi- con must be prepared, which will exhi- bit the words of which the language is composed, not only in the clifterent forms in which they appear in the different dialects of the Celtic, but also in relation to their cognate words in the other branches of the Aryan family. This last work would cer- tainly be a heavy^ undertaking, and one which could not have been accom- plished Avhen, more than forty )'ears ago, the dictionaries of Armstrong and of the Highland Society were prepared — but the progress which has been made in the study of Celtic philology within the last few years has prepared the way for beginning, and for carrying on to successful issue, a work of this kind — and if the Highlanders of Scotland should resolve, " shoulder to shoulder," to help it forward, he promised that it would be undertaken. A REVIEW OF THE HIGHLAND REGIMENTS. In tLe muster-roll of the Britisli army, at tlie present time, there are nine regiments denominated "Highlanders," five of which — Gillean an Fhèilidh — in harmonious accordance with their designation, are appropriately equipped in the Highland garb; whilst the other four — Bodaich nam Brigisean — in evident incongruity with their distinguishing appellation, march at ease attired in trews. "Whether the bands of these four regiments attempt the "Garb of Old Gaul," or their pipers "Gillean an Fheilidli," is a question Avhich should be decided negatively, inasmuch as neither of these martial, marching tunes concerns them, unless as a reminiscence of "Auld Lang Syne," by recalling to recollection the bright days when they also were clad in the picturesque panoply of mountaineers. Altliough now we can only boast of nine Highland regiments, the Lite gallant and patriotic General David Stewart of Garth, in his interesting history, enumerates no fewer than 25 battalions,* named and •LIST OF HIGHLAND REGIMENTS, As detailed by General David Stewart. 42iid Royal Highlanders. 7 1 St Fraser's do. 72iul Seaforth's do. 73rd Lord Macleod's do, 74th Argyle do. 7.Jth Aberci-omby's do. 7(jth Lord Macdonald's do. 77tli Athol do. 7i'ith Ross-shirc do. 7iltli Cameron do. 8 1 St Aberdeen shire do. Oct, 1872. THE GAEL. 219 numbered, in addition to 18 Fencible regi- ments, which were raised and embodied in the Highlands during the latter half of last and commencement of present century, exempli- fying the prolific nursery of warriors then possessed by North Britain. Need I dilate or enter into detail upon the martial achievements of our Highland regiments? From Fontenoy until the suppression of the Indian mutiny — "The foe weel ken'd the tartan front, Which never shua'd the battle's brunt," and on every field most memorable in the annals of British history, the tartan'd legions have worthily upheld the military renown of our redoubtable little kingdom and irresistibly demonstrated to adversaries in every clime that — ■Still against a foeman's steel, No Highland brogue shall turn the heel," verifying the eulogistic lines of an English poet who wrote of the Highland regiments as being — "In Egypt, India, Belgium, Gaul and Spain, Walls iu the trenches, whirlwinds on the plain." In takmg a rapid review of our present Highland regiments, I shall firstly name the' 42nd, formerly the 43rd, but ever since its embodiment known as the "Black Watch," or Freiceadan Dubh, which dates its origin from the year 1725, and in 1758 was made "Koyal" as "a testimony of His Majesty's satisfaction and approbation of their extraordinary courage, loyalty, and exemplary conduct." That distinguishing badge, the Ked Feather, worn by the 42nd in their plumed bonnets, was acquired from !the 11th Light Dragoons, in 1795, couse- quently on a dereliction of duty perpetrated by the troopers named, in the winter cam- 84th Royal Highland Emigrants. 87th Keith's Highlanders. 88th Campbell's do. 89lh Gordon's do. 91st Argyle-shire do. 92nd Gordon do. 93rd Sutherland do. 97th Strathspey do. 100th Campbell of Kilberrie's'do. 105th Queen Charlotte's do. 113th Royal Highland Volunteci- llGth Perth-shire Highlanders. 132nd Cameron of Callarfs do. 133rd Colonel Fraser's do. paign of 1794-5, in Flanders; and which dereliction was promptly and effectively rectified by the 42nd. The 11th Cavaliers had made an inconsistent "rear-turn" on the occasion of an attack by the French, leaving two field-pieces, or cannons, of which. they had charge to be possessed by the enemy, but which were speedily retaken when the Highland laddies' services were brought into requisition. Wlien the 42nd disembarked in Egypt in 1801, and under fire from the French enemy on the heights above the landing place, the regiment, after being formed in line on the beach, got the word of command to "fix bayonets;" which, order was immediately executed. The commanding officer next followed with "prime and load," but no sooner was this order given, than an individual in the ranks vociferated — "No prune and load, hut charge haignets, and sMst immediately," when the entire regiment, as one man, instantly obeying the energetic summons, ascended the heights at the charge and. carried the French position, with cold steel, in the most gallant style. On subsequent inquiry as to who had ordered the charge, it was found to be Donald Black, a private soldier and an old smuggler from the Isle of Skye. The next Highland corps is the present 71st Highland Light Infantry, who got the graphic order from their gallant Colonel, Cadogan, at the battle of Vittoria, to "chase the enemy doun the Gallowgate," and which they did. Previously this regiment was known as the 72nd, or Lord Macleod's Highlanders. Next in order is the 72nd, or Seaforth's Highlanders, but now designated the "Duke of Albany's Own ;" and inasmuch as they do not now display the kilt, although ad- hering to the plumed bonnet as worn by the kilted regiments, this corps is facetious- ly dubbed "the half-dress'd Highlandmen," an imputation, I understand they are loath, to admit — nay prone to resent — as if they verily possessed the "Garb of Old Gaul." The 74th follows, which took the place of another corps, bearing the same number^ and termed the "Argyle Highlanders." The present 74th, unlike the other High- land corps, bears no name, although I have heard whispered concerning them, "Belfast Highlanders, " which must be a misnomer, inasmuch as there is no concentration of 220 THE GAEL. Oct., 187». HigUand nationality in the flourishing town named. "We have next the Y8th or "Ross-shire Buffs," Avhose vengeful bravery, during the Indian mutiny of 1857-8 is still in lively remcmhrance. This gallant regiment on landing in Persia, in 1856 to take part in a short scrimmage tliere, astonished the natives so much with their Highland garb, that it was anxiously inquired to which sex they belonged. The 78th has the exclusive Celtic distinction of being the only Highland regiment bearing a Gaelic motto on the colours and appointments, that of the Mackenzie's, among which clan the 78tli ■was raised, as implied in its Gaelic designa- tion, "Rèisimeid Chloinn Ghoinnich." The motto is "Cuidich anRigh" — helptheking — and refers to the exploit of an ancient chief of the clan, who opportunely rescued the Scottish monarch of the time from the attack of a stag, while on a hunting expedi- tion. Now we have " The 79th, whose valiant name, Is wreathed with many a field of fame," and who derive their title, the " Cameron Highlanders," from a patriotic Lochaber gentleman, " Ailean an Earachd," who raised the corps in the year 1793. Colonel Cameron, who, latterly, in addition to being knighted, attained the militaiy rank of Lieutenant General, was so thoroughly imbued with Celtic fire and enthusiasm, that in order to preserve the nationality of his regiment intact, and have it virtually as -well as nominally Highland, he enlisted none but Gaelic speakers, so that the 79th was long familiarly known as the "Cia mar thà-s;" whilst on another occasion, in the year 1804 on a threatened governmental abrogation of the kilt in the regiment. Colonel Cameron addressed an energetic remonstnitive letter to the Horse Guards, ■which secured retention of the martial garment he so well loved. When entering a garrison town in Ireland, some years ago, as I have been told by a veteran of the regiment, the 79th were amused by the natives shouting to each other — "Holy Father, come and sec the petticoats!'' Next in order is the 91st, Argyleshire Begimcnt, which saw much hard service in the Peninsular campaigns; and whicl •within the last few years, after long abandonment, has resumed the tartan, but only in the shape of trews. The 92nd Gordon Highlanders follow, whose mihtary history is somewhat like the motto of their "big brithers" the Scots Greys — "second to none." This famed corps when landing on a West Indian island, some 30 years ago, was whimsically set down (by an aborigi»al negro) as being composed of "very poor men, when they had not money to buy trousers." Said" nigger might rank in with the Spanish priest, who, having seen in Gibraltar, a regiment of Highlanders attir-ed in the "Garb of Old Gaul," volunteered the infor- mation that the regiment in petticoats had been invested with this "feminine" attire for having misbehaved on the field of battle I Verily, this verdant ecclesiastic must have been an ignoramus of the first magnitude, and much in need of being posted up in the history of his own country, where so many of the Highland regiments brilliantly served under Moore and Wellington. Lastly, I notice the 93rd, the now re- nowned Sutherland Highlanders, — "the thin red line of Balaclava" — and who, although the youngest of the Highland regiments, have won imperishable renown on the battle-fields of the Crimea and India, as well as at a more distant date, at tha Cape of Good Hope. Without further comment on the interest-' ing subject which has suggested these observations, I shall conclude by quoting the expressive stanza of one of our national bards, while making a poetical review of the soldiers of the United Kingdom : — "And oh, loved warriors of the minstrel's land. Yonder your bonnets nod, your tartans wave; The rugged form may mark the mountain baud. And features harsh, and a mien more grave. But, ne'er in battle-field throbs heart more brave. Than that which beats beneath the Scottish plaid; And when the pibroch bids the battle rave. And level for the charge your arms are laid, Where lives the desperate foe that for such onset staid?" " Mac a' Ghaidheil." GAELIC HOMER. (To the Editor of The Gael.) Sir, From letters whicli appeared in the "Scotsman" some time ago, it seems that the late Ewen MacLachlaii'» THE GAEL. 221 Gaelic translation of Homer is stiU ex- tant; the accompanying fragment* is therefore sent for publication in " The Gael," in thebopethatit may attract the attention of the possessor of the MS., and perhaps induce him to publish the whole, I am, Sir, Yours respectfully, Abrach. A LETTER FROM " NETHER- LOCHABER." Mr. Editor, Dear Sm, I send you a translationf of a well-known poem of Byron's. It is but a trifle, but a straw shows, as the pro- verb has it, how the winds blows, and small and insignificant as is this contri- bution, it is at least a proof that I read "The Gael" and wish it all success. A pinch from a snuff-box has often made men known to each other (and even friends) who might otherwise have been strangers — enemies perhaps — all their life long. I hope to send you semething of more substance and "body," as the wine merchants have it, before the winter is past. I am, with aH'good wishes, Yours very faithfully. The "Nether-Lochaber" Correspondent of the "Inverness Courier." PROFESSOR BLACKIE ON THE GAELIC "GOD SAVE THE QUEEN. " The following interesting letter which appeared in the Scotsman, we copy for the benefit of as many of our readers as are of a philological turn of mind: — "Sir, — I send you the Gaelic version of " God Save the Queen," sung * * * * at the first meeting of the Inverness Gaelic Society, and composed by Angus M'Donald, the bard of the Society. In order to give the uninitiat- ed some idea of the materials of which this venerable language is made up, it occuned to • The fragment referred to is inserted in our Gaelic department, page 205. f See our Gaelic Department, page 212. me to etymologise the verses to the best of my ability; and the result is appended. You will see that about one-third of the whole words in the three stanzas is pretty distinctly recognisable as old friends with new faces — familiar to philologers either in the Teutonic or in the classical languages. The two columns will sufficiently explain themselves to all who care for such matters,— I am, &c. JtJHN Stuart Blackie. DHIA GLEIDH BHANEIGH. Dhia (1) gleidh ar (2) Banrigh (3) mhòr (4). Beatha (5) bhuan (6) dar (7) Banrigh choir, Dhia gleidh Bhanrigh. Thoir buaidh dhi, 'us solas (8), Son agas (9) ro ghlòrmhor (10), Fad' chiun riaghladh (11) oirnn ; Dhia gleidh Bhanrigh. A Thighearn (12) ar Dia eirich (13), Sgap a nàimhdean (14) fitich, 'Us leig (15) iad (16) »103 (17), Cuir (18) cli (19) an (20) droch riaghladh; TUg sios an luib dhiabhiaidh (21) ; Ar dòchas oirre leag ; - Dhia gleidh Bhanrigh. Do (22) thiodhlaig mhaith thoir dhi, Doirt oirre pailt gun dith (23) Fad' riaghladh i (24) ; Ar reachdan (25) dionadh (26) i, Toirt dhuinn aobhar (27), gun sgios, Bhi (29) seinn (30) le'r guth "sar cridh' (31), Dhia gleidh Bhanrigh. Gaeiic. Latin, Greek, English, on Germas, 1. Dhia Deus, Theos. 2. ar our. 3 Banrigh Ban Aeolic for gunè, reg, rex. 4. mhor major, more. 5. Beatha vita. 6. bhuan menò. 7. da to, ad. 8. solas solatium. 9. agus ac, atque, eke. 10. ghlòrmhor gloria. 11. riaghladh reg", regula. 12. Thighearn .... The first syllable of this compound I consider identical with tignum (Lat.) from tego — a shelter, a house. 13. eirich orior, erigo. 14. naimhdean... . inimicos (?) 15. leig lay, legen. 16. iad that, id (t is the sign of the thirff person in all the Aryan languages) 17. sios subtus. 18. cuir sero, 19. cli laevua (?) — the omission of the first of two initial consonants is com- mon, as klinò, lean. 20. an yon, jen, keinos. 21. dhiabhiaidh... diabolus. 22. do thy, tuus. 23. dith deò. 24. i she, he. 25. reachdan rectus. 26. dionadh den, dean, i.e., a sheltered place, a den. 27. aobhar. opera (?) 28. gim un, in compounds, ohne. 29. Bhi be, phuò, fui. 30. seinn cano. 31. cridh cor, kardia. J'.S.—I see I have omitted luib, which is just onr English loop. J.S.B." THE GAEL. Oct., 1872. NEWS OF THE HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS. EwEN M.\cLachl\n's Gr4ve. — The fol- lowintf extract we take from the "Nether Lochaber" column of the Inverness Courier, the sentiment of wliich we endorse, and hope that our friend's sus:a;estion will meet with the sympathy and support it deserves: "Ewen Maclachlan, commonly styled "of Aberdeen," because he taught the Grammar School there, and there died, but who was, in truth, a Lochaber man — nay, a Nether-Loch- aber man born and bred, and whose ashes rest in Killevaodain of Ardour, without, we are ashamed to confess it, "One ^ray stone to mark his grave" ******** "There is a monument in the shape of a small obelisk, with a well written suitable inscription to the memory of Mr Maclachlan, so distinguished as a Gaelic scholar, on the " Craigs" at Fort- William. Why should not a plain stone, if no more,simply inscribed with his name, be placed over his remains in the old Kiel «fArdgour,one of the quietest and sweetest spots in all the West Highlands? The Lochaber Highlanders of Glasgow, who have a large and influential annual "gathering," might surely do something in the direction indicated. Few true Highlanders would refuse, if solicited, to add their "stone" to the "cairn" of such a man. Aided by local subscriptions, the expense would be but a trifle. It is sad to see the grave at present, overgrown with nettles and other noxious weeds, uncared for and untended, without a stone to mark the spot, or a line to tell the " meditator among the tombs," that beneath sleeps the best Gaelic scholar, as he was in all respects one of the truest Highlanders of his day, and a thorough- ly. good man withal, simple and guileless as a child. The writer of these lines will be glad, as minister of the parish, to take charge of all that may be necessary to be done upon the spot, should the suggestion be received with favour." Monument to a Gaelic Baud— Professor Blackie twits the Highlanders for having no Gaelic inscriptions on the grave stones in any of their chu:ch-yards. The practice of having such is not so general as might be wished and expected, but one instance at least can be quoted in which Gaelic is the language used. In the Janetield Cemctry, Parkhead, Glasgow, a very elegant monument has been raised over the grave of William Livingston, the Gaelic Bard, by a number of friends, and admirers of his genius, on which there is both a Gaelic and an English inscription. The monument is a hard Ireestone obelisk, having on one side the words "Carragh cuimhneachan Uilleam Mhic Dhunleibhe, am IVard Ileach, a rugadh an Gartmeadhoin an. He, 1608, a chanchail an Glaschu, 1870." On another side it has the words " In memory of William Livingston, the Islay Gaelic Bard, Born at Gartmain, Islay, 1808, died at Glasgow, 1870." In our next number we propose giv- ing a short notice of Livingston and from time to time some of his poetry, as there are some pieces of his which were never publish- ed, and which, by the kindness oF those in whoso possession they are, we can lay before our readers. We understand that the Italian Artist A. Signor P.. Priolo, residing at 64 Stock well Park Road, S. W., London, has prepared engravings of drawings which he has made from OssiAN. They are to be published with a page of letter press to each, and we hope that the undertaking will be crowned with success. Oban — Gaelic Class— A meeting was held here on Thursday, the -'Gth September, for the purpose of starting a Gaelic class. Addresses were delivered by Professor Blackie; Rev. Archd. Farquharson; Councillor Clerk; and Mr. Macdougall. After these addresses a com- mittee was formed to carry the suggestions &c. into effect, and 16 persons engaged to en- roll themselves as members of the Association, Mr. Macdougall kindly volunteered to teach the class. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. To G. MacK.— The origin of the clan Mackay seems to be wrapped in much obscur- ity; but the general belief is that they are descended from the ancient Gaelic inhabit- ants of Caithness. Colonel Robertson says " They are no doubt the descendants of the pure Gaelic race, who had retired to the in- terior of the country from the Norwegian in- vaders." Their seat was Strathnaver,but there was also a branch of the clan in Kintyre, and another in Islay — to the latter, MacDonald of the Isles (who fought at the liattle of Harlaw) granted, in 1408, the only Gaelic Charter known to be in existence. The antiquity of the clan is evident from the fact that as early as 1427, they could muster 4000. Their Arms are "Azure, on a Chevron, or, between three bears' heads couped, argent, and muzzled, gules. A roebuck's head erased, of the last, between two hands holding daggers, all proper." Badge, " Bulrush." Motto, "Mann forti." Chief "Erick Mackay, Lord Reay." We have not heard the name pro- nounced Mackae or Mackee except where ignorance, or affectation, was the predominat- ing j)assion. The name in Gaelic is Mac- Aoidh (son of Hugh) and in English it is pro- nounced almost similar, and that it was pro- nounced in that manner from the earliest times is manifest from the fact that Fordun writes it "Macqyc." I Leabh.] CEUD MIOS A' GHEAMHRAIDH, 1872. [9 AlR. MU NA SEANN GHAIDHEIL. YII. Dhearbli sinn a nis gu soilleir ga'm b'e an t-aou sluagh ceuflna a bha 'chòmhnaìdli an ceann tuath na li-Alba fad mìlebliadhna — olàithibh Agricolagu linu Challuim a' Chinn Mhòir. Rè thrì cheud bliadhna theireadh na Ròmanaich Caledonaich riutlia; agus re slieachd ceud bliadhua theirteadh Pictich riu leis na Ròmanaich agus leis na Seanach- aidhibh; an dèigh sin fliuair iad an t-ainm Scultich : ach 'n am measg fèin b'e an t-aium a bha orra daonnan, na Gàidheil, agus b'i a' Ghàilig a' chainnt a bha iad a' labhairt riabh. Tha cuid ag radh gun do chailleadh an t-seann chànain an uaii* a fhnair Coinneach MacAilpein an rloghachd, agus gur ann o na Scuitich a sgaoil a' Ghàilig air feadh na h-Alba: ach cha ghabh so creidsinn, oir tha e soilleir gun robh Gaidheil a chomhuuidh 'an ceann deas na h-Alba agus 'an Eilean Mhan- aiun, agus mar an ceudna an Eirinn fada mu'n d' thàinig Agricoha, no lulius Caesar, no neach sam bith dhe na Ròm- anaich thar a' Chaoil Bhreatunnaich. Tha Gàilig Mhanainn na's cosmhuile ri GàiKg Albainn na tha i ri Gàilig Eirinn; agus tha so a' dearbhadh gum b'e an t-aon shiagh a ghabh còmhnuidh air tùs ann am Manainn agus ann an Albainn. Anns a' Ghàilig Mhanainnich gheibhear an hde diultannach, no am focal àicheidh Albanuach cJicii an àite an fhocail àich- eaid Ni, no Nior, mar so, "cha rel feeyn aca" cosmhuil ris a' Ghàilig Alb- annaich, '■'■cha'ii'eil fion aca" an àite na doigh Eireannaich '■'■ni hhuil fion aca." Their ua Manainnrch a rithist "ta mi" agus na h-Eireannaich ^^do hlii mi." Mar an ceudna their na Man- ainnich, " cha vel, cha rou, cha bi, " agus na h-Eirionnaich "771 bhuil, ni rahh, ni bitheann." Tha Gailig Mhan- ainn mar so ni's faisge air Gailig Albainn agus tha sin a' feuchainn gun robh na h-aon Ghàidheil ann am Manainn agus an Albainn shean. Tha e soilleir mar an ceudna gu'n robh na Gaidheil an ceann deas na h-Alba anns na linnibh chian, oir gheibhear mòran de ainmibh nan àitean air an toirt o'n Ghàilig, Tha cùnntas againn gu 'n robh seilbh aig na Caledonaich agus aig na Pictich air an tir sin gu deas air caolas na Friù gu ruig a' chrioch Shasunnach, agus cha robh na Scuitich riabh a chomhnuidh an sin. Gidheadh cha robh sluagh Gàidh- eallach sam bith a' fuireach, no Gailig 'ga labhairt anns an dùthaich sin, 'n a thàinig Ida ngh nan Gall Sasimnack, a ghabhail seilbh air an tir 'sa' bhliadhna A.D. oil, co'rr us tri cheud deug bliadhna roimhe so. Co, uime sin, a thug na h-ainmean Gàidhealach air na h-ait- ean ud mur robh Gailig aig na Pictichi Tha na h-ainraean Gailig so cosmhuil ri ainmibh àitean eile far an robh na Pictich 'n an aonar a chomhnuidh agus far am bheil na Gaidheil, an sliochd-san, a chomhnuidh gus an la an diugb. Ann an Siorramachd Haddington tha sgir- eachd ris an abrar "an Garbh-allt" air a h-aiumeachadh o'n t-sruth, no an t-allt a tha 'ruith troimpe, ris an abrar an t-AUt-Garhh. Ciod an dealachadh ann an seadh eadar an t-ainra an Garbh- A I It ann a' Haddington., agus an t-Allt-Garhh ann am Bràighe Loch- abar? Nach Gailig iad le cheile.? Nach tnigear ciod a's ciall doibh leis na h-uile 224 AN GAIDHEAL. Ceud MioB a" Gheamhraidh, ] mac Gàidheil a cbluinneas an t-ainm? Ann am Bràighe Mhàr, am fagus do Bhaile-chaisteil, tha allt ris an abrar an Garbh-allt mar an ceudna. Tha so a' dearbliadli gu'm b'e an sluagh cendna a bba a cbòmhnuidh ann a' Iladdington agus am Bràigbe Mbru', gu'n do labbair iad an aou cbànain, agus gu'm b'i sin a' Gbàilig. Tha baile aua a' Haddington ris an abrar Dunbar; tha so a' ciallacbadb Dun, no daingneacb, a tba suidkicbte air burr, no air rugba; agus tba e freagarracb do 'n àite sin — a tba suidb- icbte mar sin. Tba àite eile 'm fagus do Dbiin-eidin, mar letb-mbile bbuaitbe, ris an abrar Dail-Rigb: 's tba mòran àitean 's a' Gbàidbealtacbd air am bbeil an t-ainra so, agus tba o soilleir do neacb air bitb aig am bbeil Gàilig. Tba ainm a' bbaile Dun-Eidin, a' noobdadb mar an ceudna gun robb Gàilig air a labbairt 's an taobb deas aig an am sin, Tbugadb an tir so bbo na Pictich le Ida agus na Gaill 'sa bbliadbna 547. B'e Edwin no Eklin an atb rigb a bba air na Gaill an deigb Ida. Tboisicb esan air riogbacbadb'sa' bbliadbna a. d. 617. agus mharbbadb e 's a' bbliadbna 633 le Caldwalla rigb nan Breatuinn- eacb, agus Penda rigb Mhercia. Uime sin b'ann cadaran da am so a tbog Edwin suas as ùr agus a cbàirich e an seann Dim a bba aig na Picticb, agus air an robb Dun-Monaidh mar ainm an tois- eacb, mar a cbitbear ann an roimb-ràdb Leabbar-Urnuigb Easbuig Charswell (a cbeud leabbar a cblò-bbualadb an Gàilig.) cbeann còrr us tri cbeud bliadbna cblò-bbualadh e "ann an Dun- Eidin, d'am bu cbomb-ainm Dun-Mon- aidb, an 21mb la de'n mbios April 'sa' bbUadbna 15G7." B' cigingu'n tugadh Dun-Eidin mar ainm air a' bbaile cbo fad 's a bba rigb Edwin beo, 'se sin roimb 'n bbliadbna C33, oir an deigb a bbàis cba bbiodb e dualacb an t-ainm a tboirt air, do bbrlgb nacb biodb e cbo soilleir CO a rinn au daingneacb mu'n do gblac na Gaill an t-aite, agus b' eigin gu'n d' fhuair e an t-ainm so fada mu'n d' tbàiuig Agricola agus na Romanaich do 'n tlr, oir bba an earrann sin de Albainn cbo Ian sluaigb le 'm bailtibh daiugnicbte agus gu'n do gbabb an Ceannard Romanacb so da bbliadbna a' ceannsacbadb nan Gàidbeal a bba gn deas air caolas na Friù agus air Cluaidh. Tba mòran eileanan ann an caolas na Frill ris an abrar Innis, mar tba Innis- cbeitb, Innis-Cballuim, an Innis-Gbarbb. Is ainraean Gàibg iad so aile agus tuig- ear iad leis gacb Gàidbeal. Agus tha morau àitean eile air feadb nan tri Lothianan ris an abrar Inhliear, far am bbeil da abbaiun, no da allt, a' coinn- eacbadb a' cb6ile agus a' dol cuideachd, mar tba Inbbear-bbuic, Inbbear-Lite, lubbear-uisge, Inbbear-abbainn, agus mav sin sios. Ann an siorramacbd Liun-Liobbann gbeibbear na b-ainmean soilleir Gàilig so: Acba-uam-bard, Baile-Bbàird, an Abboinn, Baile-na- Craoibbe, Creag-nan-Gall, Dail-nam- meann, Druim-beag, Druim-buidhe, Druim-dubb, Druim-loisgtc, Druim-mill- idb, Dun-tairbb, Tòrr-fbitbicbean, agus mar sin sios. Agus an siorramacbdaibh Dhunfris, Roxburgh, Ghalloimy, agus ShcdJiirJci\vA an tir Ian ainmeauGàidbeal- acb, mar tba Sean-cbatbair, au Càrn- seilicb, Dail-Rigb, Dun-scòrr, agus na ccudau de 'u t-seòrsa sin. Tba so uile dearbbadb gu'n robb an tir aon uair Ian Gbàidbeal, agus ged a db' fbalbb an sluagb agus a tbeirig a' Gbàilig anus na cearnaibb sin, gidbeadb db' fbuiricb na b-ainmean a tbug iad air na b-tiitibh gnn atbarracbadh gus an la an diugb. Tliugadb na b-ainmean so air na b-àit- iljji ud ceudan bUadbna mu'n d' tbàinig na Ròiuanaicb do db' Albainn, o cbeann còrr agus da mbile bliadbna roimbe so, agus tuigear iad leis gacb Gàidbeal a' cbeart cbo matb agus ged a b' ann au do a db' ainmicbeadb iad. Mur bu Gbàidbeil na Calcdonaich agus na Pictich cia mar a b' urrainn so a bbitb. Tba ni eile a dbearbbas gur b-i a' Gbàilig a labbair na Picticb; se sin CeaJ Miosa'Gheamhraidh, 1872. AN GAIDHEAL. 225 i Dàia Oisein. Rinneadh na DUn so [' eaclar a.d. 207, linn an Impire Severus, : agiis A.D. 276, a' bliliadhna 's au do mharbhadh Oscar mac Oisein le Cairbre Ruadh, Bha so ma thuairim sea ceud blÌAdhna roimli linn Clioinnich Mbic Ailpein, agus na'm biodh a' Grhailig air a Ii-atharrachadh an sin racbadh na Delia air cball, no bbiodb lad air am measgadh le facail Eireannach. Acb ! cha 'n 'eil measgadb sam bitb annta. A ■ nise mur biodb an slaagb ceudna air fan- i tuian anas an tir, 's a' labbairfc na cànain chendna a bba aig an sinnsearaibb, cba tigeadb na Dain so nnas ail* chuimbne biio linn gu linn. Db' fbeamadb iad a bbi air an aitbris o bbeal gu beul le daoinibb a bba làn-tbuigsian na càuaia anus au do cbuireadb ri cbede iad air tùs mu'm b' nrrainn so tacbairt. Uime sin tba na Gaidheil a cborabnuidb auns an tir o linn Oisein, — no ana am briatbraibh eile 'si a' Grbàilig a labhair na seanu Chaledonaich agus na Pictlch D. B. B. AIR CRUINN-CHORPAIBII SOILLSEACH NAN SPEUR. Tba e 'n a ni araon taitneacb agus feumail do'n duiue eòlas fbaotuinn a tbaobb gacb ni air am bbeil e'n comas da a sbùilean a tbilgeadh. Tba oibre a' Chrùitbeir, gìdbeadh, auns aa t-saogb- al uadurra, cbo llonmbor 'n an gnè, eho miorbbuileacb air an dealbbadb, agus cbo òirdbearc air an saidbeacb- adb, 's nacb urraiun an duine a tba gearr-sbeallaob, agus air bbeag-eiMais, acb fir-neoni dbiubb a rannsacbadb a mach. Tba feartan na b-inntinn aige cbo mòr air an trnailleadb, 's nacb ruig iad, acb aaia an tombas ro bbeag, air maise agus mòracbd nan nitbe sin a ta mu'n cuairt da air an talamb. Acb an uair a db' ambaircaas e air na speuraibb os a cbeaun, agus a cbitb e a' gbrian, a' gbealacb, agus na veultau, a' gluasad gu tosdacb, ciuiti, 'n an cuairtibb fnrsuing fein, tba aobhar aig an sin a tbuigsinn cia co diblidh, fann, lag-cbuiseacb 'sa tba e ann fein! Tba oibre sin a' cbrutbacbaidb a' fòiU- seacbadb, cba'n e rabàiu cumbacbd neo- cbriocbnacb an Tigbearua De, acb mar an ceudaa, a ghUocais agus a mbaitbeis! Gru'a teagarab, "Cuiridb nanèambau an ciSill gloir Dbe, agus nocbdaidb na speuran gniomb a lamb," — agus am feadb 's a ta iad mar so a' toirt fianuis air buaidbibb do-labbairt an Ti bbeann- uicbte sin a dhealbb iad; tba iad, mar an ceudna 'toirt rabbadb do 'u duiue cbum e fein irioslacbadb 'n a làtbair, mar cbreutair nacb 'eil airidb air an trocair a's lugba o làimb-san. Is ceart a tbulibairt rigb Israeli r'a Cbruitbear bbeanauicbte feia; "Au uair a db'arah- airceas mi air do nèambaibh, obair do mbeur: air a' gbealaicb, agus na reult- aibb, a shuidbicb tbu; co e an duine gu'm biodb tusa cuimlmeacbail air, agus mac an duine gu'm fiosraicbeadb tu e?" Acb neo-iomlan mar a tba an duine 'n a reusau agus 'n a tbuigse fein, 'sea dbleas'nas na feartan agus na cumbacbd- aa a tbugadb dba a gbnatbacbadb ann a bbi'faiciau agusa'fiosracbadbDbeauns na h-oibribb eugsambla sia a rinneadb le Focal a cbumbacbd. Rinn na li-ab- stoil so, an uair a tbubbairt iad, "Tre cbreidirab tba sinn a' tuigsinn gu'n do cbrutbaiclieadb na saogbail tre fhocal Do, air cbor as nacb d' rinneadb na nitbe a chitbear de nitbibb a bba ri'm faic- iaa." Cbum cuideacbadb a dbeanamb le do lucbd-leugbaidh, a Gbàidbeil ioambuian, gu beagan nitbe a tboirt fa'near mu astar, meud, agus siubbal nan reult, tba mi 'cur rombam miueacbadb beag a tboirt seacbad ''air cruian-cborpaibb sòiUseacb nan speur," ann au deicb earr- annaibb fa letb. Cbuireadb a macb a' cbeud ceitbir de na h-earrannaibb sin ann an "Cuairtear nan Gleann," o cbeann deicb bliadbna ficbead air ais ; acb cbum am miueacbadb a dheanamb cbo iomlan 's a dh' f lieudas mi, cuiridb 226 AN GAIDHEAL. Ceud Miog a' Gheamhraidh, 1872, mi 'n ad ionnsuidh iad anns an òrdugh a leanas: — Earranu I. Air Reultaireachd gu coit- chioun. " II. Air a' Ghreiii agus air ;Mercuri. " III. Air co-shuidhcacbadli Bhcnuis agus na Talmliainn. " IV. Air caochlaidhibh na Gealaich. " V. Air na reultaibh Mars, Bliesta, luno, Ceres, Pallas, agus Iiipiter. " VI. Air na reultaibh Saturn agus Uranus. " VII. Air na rionnagaibh ear- bull ach, " VIII. Air na rionnagaibh suidbichte. *' IX. Air gluasad agus dlùth- tharruing nan corp-nèanih- aidh, agus air na seolaibh- ruara. Air dubhradh na Greine agus na Gealaich. — X. bhriàthar an t-salmadair aideachadh, a deir, "Cuiridh na nèamhan an ceill glòir Dhe, agus nochdaidli na speuran guiomh a lamh." (Salra xix. 4.) Tha reultaireachd 'na h-eolas a ta air gach seol oirdhearc agus iomchuidh. Is iongantach a' chlnnteachd, agus an eagnuidheaclid leis am bbeil realta nèimh a' gluasad ann an gorm-astar nan speur! Trid innleachd agus foghluim, innsidh na teallsanaich, roimh laimh, gach caochladh a tbig air solusaibh nèinih! Innsidh iad gu pougail mu dbùbhradh na greine agus na gealaich, innsidh iad c'uin a tbig gach dubhradh dhiubh so — cia cho mòr 'sa bhios iad — agus cia fada 's a mhaireas iad! — Ach ged tha'm fiosrachadh so ruòr, agus luacbmbor, "An urrainn an dnine le rannsacbadb Dia fbaigbeil a roach?" "Is esan a ta 'na shuidbe air cuairt na talmbainn, agus tha a lucbdaiteacbaidh mar fhionnain-feòir, a ta 'sineadh a mach na uèamba mfir sgàil tbaua, agus 'gan sgaoileadh mar bbiith anns an gabhar còmhnuidh." (Is. xl. 22.) Cba'n e mbàin gum bbeil reul-eolas feumail churn an inntinn a llonadh le sniuaintiljb iomchuidh mu ghloir, agus ,mu mhòracbd an Tigbearna Do: — Earrann I. AIR REULTAIREACHD GU CO ITCH 10 NN. An uair a bbeachdaicbeas sinn gn cùra- mach air cruinn-chorpaibh soillseach j ach tha e feumail do'n chinue-daoine nan speur, a' siubhal gu ciùin, agus gu , air son nitbe eug samhla eile. Air an riaghailteach os ar ceann, cha chomas ' aobbar sin gheibhear an t-eòlais so, ann duinn gun a bhi air ar lionadh lejan tomhas niòr no beag am measg nan' gun iongantas, agus gun eigheach a mach maille ri Dabhaidh, "0 lehobhaih ar Tigbearna cia oirdhearc tainra air feadh na talrahainn uile! a shocraich do ghloir OS ceann nan nèamh! 'Nuair a db' ambairceas mi air do nèamhaibh, obair do mbeur: air a' gbealaich, agus na reultaibh, a shuidhich thu, co è an duine gu'm fiosraicheadh tu e?" (Salm viii. 1 — 4.) An uair a dh' fbosglas sinn ar sùilean air na neambaibh, chi sinn gu cinnteach sealladh leis am bu choir duinn a bhi umbal agus iriosal, — obi sinn ni's leòir chum gliocas, cnnih- achd, agus maitbeas lehobhaih fb^ill- seachadh d'ar luigse; — agus chum firiun uile chinneacb! Trid an eolais so, tha daoine fogbluimte a' faotuinn a mach caochlaidb solnis na gealaich, — riagh- ailtean nan seol-mara, — cnmadh agus mend na talmbainn, — agussuidbeacbadh agus farsuingeacbd dluicbanna agus riogbachdan an dombain! Trid an còlais so, mar an ceudna, tha bliadh- naicbean air an tomhas, agus tcachd gach truth' agus aimsir air a chombarrachadh a mach? Trid an eòlais so, tha seòl- adairean a' faotuinn a mach nan aitean anns am bbci! iad air na cuantaibb mora agus farsuing, agns a' stiùradh an sligbcan gu tèaruinte do dhùchannaibh an coin ! 1 Mlosa' Qheamhraidh, 1872. AN GAIDHEAL. 227 Mu dh' arahairceas neacli, air oidhche chiiiin, reòta, ghearaliraidh, chi e mu mhile rionnag an crochadh mar lochran- . aibh drilianeach os a cheatia — chi e iad do ga;h mead, agus soilleireachd — cuid diabh beag agus faau, agus cuid eile dhiubh mòr, agus a' deàlrachadh le solus soilleir agus seasmhacla! Ach ged nach fbaicear acli mu mliile dliiubli so leis an t-sùil luim, cliithear le gloiaeach- aibli innleacbdach a fbuaradh a macb, mu'n cuairt de cbeud mile, uile còmblatb! Agus cba'n 'eil an àireamb mliòr so an coimeas ris an aireamh a ta air an sgaoileadb air feadb farsuingeachd ua cruitheacbd, ach mar eltean gaiueimli air tràigb ua fàirge! Tha cuid diubh anabarracb mor — ficbead, letbcbeud, mile uair mi's mo na'n talamb air am bheil sinn' a' gluasad, agus is gann a : gbeibbear aon 'nam measg cbo beag ris ! I Goirear le teallsanaicb rionnagan suidhicbte dbetb gacb solus a cbitbear amis na nèamhaibb, ach cba'n abrar so ris a' gbrein, agus a gbealaicb againne, no ri aireamh bbeag de reultaibb agus de ghealacbaibh eile, agus de rionngaibh- earbullacli, ata cuairteachadb na greine, air an toir sinn cùnntas an deigh so. Tba na rionnagan suidhicbte aig astar uambasadh, agus do-thuigsinn air falbh uainue; — agus an uair a smuainicheas sinn air am meud, an aireamh, an nàdur, agus an astar — cha chomas dhuinn, an sin, gun smuaineaachadh air cumhacbd an Ti uile-gblormhoir sin " a sgeadaich na nèamha le a Spiorad." (lob xxv. 13) Chum beachda thoirt air astar nan rionnag so air falbh, ghabhadh am peileir a's luaith' a chaidli riamb a macb a beul gunna, ged a dh' fhanadh e 'ua dheann- aibb, còrr agus muillean bliàdhna, mu'n ruigeadh e cuid dhiubh! Nach ceart a dh' fbeudas daoine a' cheist a chur, Co a rinn ua nithe mora, maiseach, agus miorbhuileach so? Co, ach an Dia sin, "a rinn an talamh le 'chumhacbd, — a shoeruich an saoglial le 'ghliocas, — agus le 'thuisge a sgaoil a macb na nèamba." (ler. X. 12.) Tha na reulta so uile air an suidheach- adh, mar ga'ra b'ann, 'nan teagblaicb air letb, air feadb farsuingeachd na cruith- eacbd! Tba aireamh shonruicbte dhiubh, aig am bheil grian doibh fein, m'a timchioU am bheil iad a' siubhal, ann an cuairtibb eug-sambla; agus o'm bheil iad a' faotainn soluis agus teas! Tha air- eamh nan grian, 's nan reull, a ta 'gan cuairteachadb air an dòigh so, cho mor, a's nach urrainn teallsanaicb le'n uil' inideachdaibb, a bbeag sam bith a dbeanamh a mach gu cinnteacb mu'n timchioU! Cosmhuil ris gacb grian eile, tba a' ghrian againne 'ga nochdadh feia anns na speuraibb, air a cuairteachadh le a reultaibh fein, ris am bheil i a' comh- pairteachadh ai'aon soluis agus teas! Air di a bhi fagus do làimh, an coimeas ri grianaibb eile na cruitheacbd; tha sinn 'ga faicinn mor, cruinn, agus deal- rach; am feadb 'sa chi sinn na grianan eile, mar rionnagaibb beaga, driUnneach, a thaobh am mòr-astar air falbh! Ged nach d' fhuair daoine foghluimte a bbeag a mach mu tbimcbioll nan rionnag suidhicbte, agus nan grian do-àireamh, a ta air an suidbeachadh mar sheudaibh boillsgeach, anns na speuraibb os ar ceann; gidheadh, fhuair iad a mach mòran de nitbibh air mliodh cinnteacb, mu tbimcbioll na greiu' againn fein, agus an teagblaicb bhig de na reultaibh, a ta 'g iadhadh gu siùijhlacb, tosdach, mu'n cuairt di! Orra so, uime sin, bheirear a nis cunntas goirid agus cinnteacb, chum 's gu'ra faicear moraebd agus cumhacbdRigh siorruidh nacruitheachd a dhealbb iad uile an toiseach. Fbuaradh a mach gu'm bheil seachd mhòr agus ceithir bheaga de reultaibh seacharanacb, a' siubhal timchioU na greine, ann an cuairtibb air letb, agus gu'm bheil gealaichean aig còig de na reultaibh so, a ta 'gan cuairteachadh, ceart mar a tba iad fein a' cuairteachadh na greine! Tha gacb aon de na cearcallaibh mora so, anns am bheil na reultan a' siubhal, aig caochladh astair air falbh o'n ghreiu; uime sin, tha a' AX GAIDHEAL. CeudMioga'Gh amhraidh, 1372, glirian air a snidheachadli ami am meadbou a teaghlaicb, Cruiun mar Ian sgiatli chruaidh nan triath, far am bheil i a' tilgeadh a mach a gallianiia-soluis, air gach aoa fa letli d'a reultaibh, agus 'gan ath-nnadhach- adb gacb la le maise, agus soilleireacbdl Til a na reultau air an ainmeachadb mar a Icanas, agus anus an òrdugli anns am blifil iad aig astar o'nglirein: MERCura, Bhexu?, ax Talamft, Mars, Biiesta, luNO, Ceres, Pallas, Iupiter, Saturn, agus Uranus. Bbeirear cunutas orra so fa letb, ami an earrauuaibb eile an deigb so. SGiAxnAXAcn. SEACHDUINN AN CINN-A'- GHIUTHSAICH. PlIIR MO ChRIDIIE, 'S i mo bheachd gu'n robh 'ur luclid-leughaidh a' sineadh air smaoin- •eacliadli nach cuirinu-se 'n corr triob- laid orra, le mo chuid feala-dha, air duilleagaibh A' Ghaidiieil. Ma bha, chi iad a nise iiacli robh an cuid faidh- idearacbd clio firinneach 's a bha iad 'N uair a S2;r iobh 'Ceum KG DiiA o'n Chagailt" 's an fc-seath- amh àircamh de 'n Ghaidheal, gheall mi gun innsinn aig am eile clio math 'sa thaitinn Ciun-a'-ghiùthsaich rium, 's air an aobhar sin ni mi dichioll air focal no dba 'chur ri cheile, agus mar a thuirt an ceard '"mar a dian mi spaiu, millidh mi adharc." Ma's math mo chuimhnc, dh-innis mi ann an "Ceum no dha o'n Chcagailt" gur h-ann 'g am chluith fein a blia mi 'a Cinn-a'-ghiiithsaich, oir cha d' rinn mi ni ach falbh d Inbhir-nis mar rinn an "Rimasdach" ;'i Glaschu. Tha mi 'faicinn gu'n do dh-ionnsaich csan a bhuidseachd air a chuairt, ach mise, cha chuala mi guth mu bhuidsichean no mu shithichean (an Ni math gu'n robh 'g ar gleidheadh) am fad 'sabha mi 'm Baideanach. 'Si cailleach an Lag- ain, a' bhan-bhuidscach mu dhcireadh airan d'fhuair miiomradh'sauduthaich ; agus air son sithichean, cha'u'eilduine am Baideanach a clmnnaic a h-aon diubh riamh : ma tlia, cha chuala mise mu dheighinn. Theagamh gu'm bheil, feadhainu de'rluchd-Ieughaidh-se nach cuala an sgeula rau bhean an Lagain, agus air an aobhar sin, their mi focal nodhàmu'n uilebiast. Ma tha gach sgiala fior 's i 'chuir as an rathad Iain Garbh Mac-'IUe-Challuim Ràrsaidh; ach air an latha 'rinn i sin fhuair ise acaid a's galair a b;\is. Air d'i i^illeadh an deigh "Iain Garbh" a bhàthadh, thug i am monadh oirre agus a steach gu'n deach i do bhothan anns an robh fear deth 'cuid n;\buidhean a' gabhail tàmh. Bhiodh an duine seo gu math trie a' sealg agus nam biodh stoirm ann (mar a thachair gun robh air an la ud) bu chleachdach leis 'anail a Icigeil; agus ma-dh-fhaoidte, an oidhche 'chuir seachad anns a' bhothan a dh-ainmich mi. Air an la seo bha e staigh 's an deagh ghealbhan air a bhial-thaobh, a's e 'g a thiormachadh 's 'ga ghaireadh fein. Siiil 'gan d' thug e air an dorus ciod e chunnaic e ach cat peallach, odhar, agus gur gann a bha e 'lean- tuinn a cheile leis a' bhochduinn. Bha da chh aig an t-sealgair, a's leum iad air a' bheisd cho luath 'sa thàinig e gus an dorus. Cha bu luaithe 'leum na coin air na thug e ran as agus aig an am cheudna dh-iarr e air an t-sealg- air tròcair a dheanamh air. Ghabh an sealgair n:òrioghuadh air do'n chat labhairt ris; agus a chum 'sgu 'm faic- eadh e ciod 'n seorsa beathaich a bh' aige chaisg e na coin; 'sanuair a chaisg cha 'n f hac e ach an cat mar a bha e 'a toiseach. "Thig gus an teine 'sdean do ghaireadh" deir an sealgair. "Cha d' thig" ars' an cat, "oir tha eagal orm gu'n gearr do chuid chon mi." Thug an cat an seo ròineag fhada do'n t-sealg- air, ag iarraidh air aig an am cheudna na coin a cheaugal leatha ris a mhaide- cheangail. Chuir an sealgair an ròineag mu'n mhaide-cheangail, agus leag e air Còwì Mios a' Gheamhriidli, 1872. AN GAIDHEAL. 229 ris a' cliat gu'n do chuir e air na coin i mar an ceudna. An seo thàinig an cat thun an teine; agas cha bu luaithe ; 'thainig na shin e air fas mòr. Thug ( an sealgair an aire do seo, agus ars' '; esan, "droch shiubhal ort a bhiast leib- eideach, 's tu tha 'fas niòr;" a's ann ' am prioba na svila bha 'n cat cho raòr ri mialchu; agus an ath shealladh chruth-atharraich a bhiast e-fèin 's co bh' aige ach tè deth 'bhan-nàbuidhean ifis an canta gu coitchionn "Bean an Lagain," agus air an robh e cho eòlach 's a bha 'n liagh air a' phoit. "A shealgair nam beann" deir ise, "thàin- ,ig crioch do ]àithean-sa. 'S fhada > le b' f huathach leat mi-fein 's mo sheòrs', ach a nisegheibh sinubuaidh.'' Leum i air, 'srinn i greim air a sgornan; ach cha bu luaithe 'leum na 'leum na coin oirre-se; "teanuaich a's tachd a roiueag" ars' ise — 'si'n diiil gu'n robh I an roineag mu abhaichean nan con — . 's cha bu luaithe 'thuirt, na 'gheàrr an ; roineag am maide-ceangail. Bha na I coin an sàs innte, 'g a caobadh 's ga ireubadh, ach mu dlieireadh fhuair i uapa, 's am j^rioba na siila dh-fhalbh i air iteig 'an cruth fithich. Gu sgeula goirid a dheanamh dhuibh, fhuair i bàs an oidhche sin. Thachair do dhithis iChoisichean a bhi, aig a' cheart am, a tighinn seach a' Monadh-liath eadar Srath-eire 's Bàideanach; 's ciod a chunuaic iad ach boireannach 'n a ruith 's 'n a teann ruith, a' tighinn 'n an .coinneamh, agus chaidh i seachad orra gun aon fhocal a ràdh. Cha deach iad fad air an aghaidh an uair a choinnich da chii dhubh iad 'nan teann ruith air lorg a' bhoireanuaich. Goirid an dèigh seo, choinnich duine dubh iad, a' mar- cachd air each dubh. Stad am mar- caiche dubh a's dh-fheòraich e am faca iad am boireannach 's na coin 'n a dèigh. Thuirt gu'm fac'. "Saoil sibh am beir iad oirre mu'n ruig i 'n cladh ?" Thuirt na fir nach biodh iad fada 'n a dèigh co-dhiù ; 's an sin dh-fhalbh am marcaiche. Cha b' fhada gus gu'n d' rug e orra tighinn air ais agus am boireannach seachad air a bhial-thaobh air an diallaid — an dara cii an slaoda ri 'sliasaid air taobh clith an eich, agus an CÙ eile an slaoda ri 'cioch air a thaobh deas. 'S an dol seachad thuirt fear de na coisichean "Puig thu oirre." "Rug" ars' am marcaiche "direach aig dorus a' Chlaidh." — Thainig na fir do Bhàideanach a's dh-innis iad mar thachair doibh air an t-slighe; is bn mhuladach e, oir cha 'n 'eil teagamh nach e spiorad cailleach an Lagain a chunnaic iad a' ruith thun a' chlaidh (oir b' àite seunta e) agus am Fear-mill- idh air a tòir. Latha de na làithibh, 's mi air mo chuairt, co 'choinnich mi ach Dòmhnull-Phcàil, am bard, duine cho aoigheil 's cho toilichte 's a chur cas am bròig. Labhair bathais-gun-naire ris a cheart co tapaidh agus ged a b' eòl domh e o ghlùn mo mhàthar; 's mo labhair, cha b'e freagairt gruamach a fhuair mi. Shin sinn air bruithinn mu 'n Giiaidheal agus faodaidh sibh a bhi cinnteach nach ann 'g a chaineadh. "An cuala tu riamh an. rann seoT' ars' esan: — •'Tha Gliàilig air a sgiathiiibli 'S tha 'srian aicc 'n a beul; 'S sean i, 's cha do liath i 'S i riamh aun o hnn Eubh — 'S mar fhir-eun anus na nialaibh, Os cionn gach ian 's na speir!" Cha 'n 'eil fada le chunnaic mi litir 's A' (Jhaidheal mu dheighiun òran a rinn'Dòmhnullcòir. Cha'n urrainnmise 'thuigsinn co e 'n " Galium" a sgriobh an litir ud; ach gun teagamh sam bith, tha fios agaibh-se. Cha 'n fhaca mise duine an Cinn-a'-ghiiithsaich de'n aium ach aon ionragau a bha gu math trie air an t-sràid, agus ma's math mo chuimhne 'se "Callum Post" a chuala mi iad ag radii ris; a's mheall mo bharail mi, ma 's e esan a sgriobh do 'r n-ionnsuidh. Air cuairt eile air an robh mi fhuair mi iomradh air bard eile an Cinn- 230 AN GAIDHEAL. Ceud Mios a' Gheamhraidh, 187f. 'a-gbihthsaich. Ged blia mi eòlach air bàrdachd Dbòmbniiill Pbàil o in' òige, cha cbnala mi guth riabh mu DbòmbnuHa' Cbnuic (oir 'se sin ainm coitchioiin an fhir eile). Gu'n fhios nach'cil luchd-leugbaidh A' Giiaidiieil cbo aineolach air snbhadcean an duine POO 's a bba mi-fein mu'n deach mi do j dh-àvd bbaile Bbàidcanach, bheir mi dhnibh na rainn a leanas. Bha iad air an labbairt leis fein, air dba eiridh a db-òl deocb-slàinte nigliinn Thigbearna Chbiainidb, air dhi Òcùiìtean Fitzroy a pbòsadb, "'Si seo deoch-slàinte 'clnipuill ùig A phòd 'an Caisteil Chluainidh; 'S a dh-fhalbh Diar-daoin le aoibhneas as, 'S an staoidhle mar bn dual doibh. — Bi'dh sinne 'guidhe sòlais dhoibh 'S a 'g Ò1 le Ian na cuaiche — 'SaogU'l buan as mòr thoil-irmtinn dboibli 'S iad cinntinn mar an luachair. 'N uair 'tbàinig beul na b-oidbche Bba aoibbneas a' measg naislcau, Bba aoibbneas ann am Bàideanach, 'S gacb àite 'n cnalas luaidh air. Bba 'n tir gu lèir a' soillscacbadh Mar dbaoimeanan mn'n cn.iirt dninn, 'S mar mbeadbon la bha 'n oidliche Le tein'-aoibhnis air gacb guallainn. Bba Còìrncal Bbailebhilleadb ann Nacb tilleadb le 'cbuid armacbd — Bha còrr a's coig eich fbicbead aigo 'Tarruing giuthas sgealbta — Sid "s clii'i air fear I'airc an t-Cbeipeil 'S gun cbcist cha'n fhicas cearb air: 'S gur mòr an cliù tba 'm Baideanacb, 'S g ich ait an cualas ainm air. «f o «S fit «t » Ach 's i ar gnidbe 'n trà seo, 'S gu br;\tb do'n cbàraid uasail. An t-àrd Rìgb 'bhi 'n a gheard orra 'S gacb ait' an dian iad gluasad, 'S iad leantuinn lorii; an sinnsearaebd, 'S gu cinnteacb bi'dh iad buadbach, 'S ar duil gun till iad sàbbailte 'Chur fàilt' air Tigbe.irna Chluainidh, Air dbomb pilltinn do 'n taigh 's an robb mi 'tamb, sbin mi air bruitbinn ri mo cbaraid (fear-an-taiglie) mu gacb m a bha mi 'faicinn 'sa' chiinntinn gus mu dhcireadb a tbionndain ar conal- tradb mu na bàird. "Siii am pac,'* ars' esan, ''a tba fas lionmbor, na bàird, no gu b-àraid lucbd-millidb nan dan. Cba 'n 'eil duine, ma gbeobb e bliadbna. no dlia 's a' sgoil uacb sin air toirfc a> cbreidsiun air fein 's air càcb, gur bard e. CbuaLa mi iomradb air piobaire leia am bu cbleacbdacb a bbi aig gacb pòa adb a's banais 's an diitbaicb an làith- ibb 'òige; agus mar sin a' tional mòraii: airgeid. Acb air dba 'bbi tigbinn gU' aois sbin feadbainu eile air a' cbeard,! agus cba robb an sean pbiobaire 'faigh" inn cuireadb gu aon bbanais anns an fbicbead a bba e cleacbdadh 'sna 'làith- ibb a dli-aom'. Latba de na làitbibh cboinnich duine eil ris, a sbin air bruitbinn mu na piobairean òga mu'n cuairt; '0 drocb sliiubbal orra' ars' an sean fbear, ' Cba'n fbaigb tbu clach a tbilgeas tu aircii acb piobaire;' acb a nise na bàird; cba'n fbaigb tbu clach a tbilgeas tu air cii acb bard." '"Sam bbeil sibh a' smuaineacbadb" deir mise, "nacb 'eil bard idir ri fbaigbinn an diugb?" "Cba'n 'eil" ars' esan "'SmÌ nacb 'eil; acb ged a gbeobbar beagan cruinneacbd a' measg ar lucbd eallaidb tba 'm moll ro pbailt. Na sniuainich idir gur bàrdacbd rann no dba a cbur an altaibb a cbeile (gu trie gle cbearb- acb) gun aon smuaintean 'n am me? nacb cuala sinn o làitbibb ar nòige !a nan ceum dliith, Goug nam mnangan nach gabh Hib, 'S i mo riuisa mhaighdeaun òg. Thug mi grei  Dara Mios an Fho^harai Ih, 1S72. >" C S A 31 II L A C n D A X. I. AJI MADADH-ALLAIDH AG0S AN T-UAN. Air latha brutbainneacb, tetb, tbuit do mbadadb-allaidh agus do nan tigbiun aig an aon am a cbasgadb am patbaidb a srutban soilleir, glau a bba a' ruitb gu bras a nuag aodann beinue. Sheas am madadb- allaidb air àite ard, agus an t-uan astar matb uaitb, sliios an srutb. Acb air do'n mbadadb-allaidb toil a bbi aige cur a macli air an uan, db' fheoraicb e dbetb, de bu cbiall da 'bbi 'cur an uisge troimb-cbeile agus 'ga fbagail cbo salacb nacb b' urrainn dàsan 'ol; agus aig a' cbcart am a' tagradh diolaidh. Bha an t-nan bochd air chrith le eagal 'n uair a cbual e bagraidhcan a' mbadaidb-allaidh agus tbubhairt e ris, am briathraibb cbo ciuin 's a b' urrainn da, nacb robb c comasacb dhàsan a bbrcath- nacbadb ciamar a gbabbadb sin a bbitb ; a cbionn, an t-uisge a db' ol c gur ann a ruitb c nuas g'a ionnsuidb o'n mbadadb-allaidh, agus uime sin nacb b' urainn gun robb c air a chur troimb-cbeile cbo fada suas an srutb. " Bithcadb sin mar a tboilicbeas e" arsa m' madadh-allaidb, "cba 'n 'eil annad acb an sloigbtire, agus chaidb innseadb dhomh gun robb thu 'g am cbnl-chaineadh o cbcann mu tbuaiream Ictb-bbliadbna." " Air m' fbocal," ars' an t-uan. " bba an t-àm a db' ainmicb thu m'an do rugadb misc." An Ceud Mios a' Gheamhraidh, : AN GAIDHEAL. 241 uair a chunnaig am madadh-allaidh nacli ' agus chuir iad a suas atli-chuinge a db'ionn- robh feum dlia cathachadb n' a b' f liaide I saidh lupiter air son gu 'n d' thngadh e an aghaidli na fiiinn, chaidh e ann an cor- ; dhoibh righ a dli' amhairceadh as deio-h am ruich f buathasach a' donnalaicli agais cobhar beusan agns a bheireadh orra a blii bea':^an m' a bbeul mar gu 'm bitbeadh e air a' I n'ab'onaraicbe 'nan cleacbdainnibh. Thnit chutbach, " A gbarraicb," ars' esan, agus j do lupiter gu'n robb saod meadbonach " ' ' math air's an am; gbair e gu cri^dbeil air iarrtus cbo neonacb asus tbuirt e, 's e til- "mar e 'tigbinn n' a bu dluithe air an uan tu fein 's e t-athair a bb' ann, agus is e an aon cbuid e." Le sin rug e air a' cbreutair lag, neo-cbiontach, bbocbd agus sblaod e as a cheile na leopan e. An Comhchur. Tba an ni a tha air a cbombarracbadh a mach anns a' cbosamblacbd so cbo soilleir 's nacb ruigte leas a bbi meudacbadh fbocal uime geil cabar fiodba anns an uisge, " So dbuibh, sin agaibb Eigb 1 " Chuir an cabar a leithid de luasgan 's an uisge 's gu'n do ghabb na losgannan eagal cbo mòr gu'n robh geilfc orra tigbinn g'a choir. Acb an ceann beag- an iiine, an uair a chunnaig iad e 'na laidhc gun char, ghabb iad de mhisneacb dliith- ,-.-,,.,, , , ( achadh air a lion beag as beag gus m' a _ An uair a tba dmne droch-nadurach, dbeireadh an do leum iad a suas aif, agus a' an-iocbdmhor, todeach aon as isle na e fem, | foicinn nacb robh ciiram doibb, ghAathaich iad an cabar le di-meas mar a tbogair iad. aon cbuid ann an cumhacbd no ann an cruadal, a mhi-bhuileacbadb gar an d' thug e dba an t-aobhar a bu lugba air a shon, nacb math a db-fhaodar a choimeas ris a' mhadadh-alkidh aig an robb a nadur cho gionach, sbanntach "s nacb b' urrainn e cur suas le bbi 'faicinn neo-cbiont a' tigbinn beò ann am fois "na choimbearsnachd. A dh-aon fbocal c'ait air bith am bheil drocb dhaoine ann an cumhachd tba neo-chiont agus treibhdhireas cinnteach a bbi air an geur-leanmbuinn. Liar is miosa 'n sluagh 's ann is mo a tha aca de gbnùis air son an reacbdan aingidb. Tba e ealadh gu leoir ambaras a thoirt air duine e 'bbi a' gnath- achadh ouarachd ann an di-och tbimcan; ach na 'm bitbeadh de dbanadas aig neach air bitb onaracbd a mholadh 's dòclia gur ann a racbadh gacb cionta agus drocb- bbeairt a chur as a leth ; oir, seasamb a suas airson ceartcds ann an rioghacbd a tba air claonadh iiaipe is ionann e agus a bbi a' tabhairt achambsain do 'n lucbd riaglilaidb, agus is bitbeanta leis gur ann a bbeir e '"nuas diogbaltas air ceann an fhir a dh' t'beuchas ris. Far am bheil aniochd, gamh- las agus cumhachd laimh an laimh cha 'n 'eil ni is usadh dhoibh no leth-sgeul fhaot- ainn air son ain-tigbcarnas a dbeanamb os ceann neocbiontachd, agus gacb uile ghne eucoir a chur an gniomh. " Theid neart ihar ceart." II. Na Losgannax ag iarraidh Eigh. Ghairm na losgannan — agus iad a' caith- eadh am beatha ann an sltb agus saorsa air Cha robh iad idir toilichte le righ cho marbh- anta, agus chuir iad air falbh an teacbdair- ean a rithisd a db' iarraidh air lupiter fear air chor eigin eile 'thoirt doibh; oir am fear so 'cha d' thug iad urram da 's cha mho 'b' urrainn doibh meas a chur air. An uair a chuala lupiter so, chuir e corra-ghriodh- ach g' an ionnsaidh, a tbòisich gu neo-iocbd- mbor air am marbhadb 'sair an itbeadh aon an deigh aon cbo bras 'sa b' urrainn di. Chuir iad an sin an guidbe gii h-u.aigneach gu Mercurius a's f huair iad gu'n deachaidh e a bhruithinn ri Iiqnter as an leth, gu "m bitbeadh e cho matli a's righ eile 'bbuileach- adh orra, air neo an aiseag air an ais a db' ionnsuidh na staid anns an robh iad o thoiseacb. "Ni-h-eadh," ars' esan, "oir is e an rogbain fein a bh'ann; bitbeadh na biastan neo-tboilicbte a' fulang a' pbeanais a tba an gòraich a' toilltinn." An Comhdnir. Tha Phedrus ag iunseadh an am anns an do labhair Esop an cosamblachd so. An uair a bha co-fhlaitbeacbd na h-Aithne a' soirbbeacbadh fo laghannaibb math agus fallain air an dealbh leotha fein, chuir uad a' leithid de earbsa ann an seasgaireachd an cor 's gu'n do leig iad le'n saorsa dol gu ana- measaracbd. Air do iorghuillean briseadh a mach 'n am measg ghabb Fisistratus an cothrom; ghlac e an àitean daighnich, agus riun e e-fèin n a uachdaran orra fein agus air an sochairean. An uair a mhoth- aich muinntir na h-Aithne gu 'n robb iad ann an staid thràillidh ged a thacbair do Phisistratus a bbi "na uachdaran gle iochd- feadh nam boglach 's nan locban— coinn- I mhor cha chuireadb iad air chor sam bith a eamh chabhagach, aimhreiteach aon latha, j suas leis; uime sin, an uair nacb robb dòigb 242 AN GAIDHEAL. Ceud Mios a' Gheamhraidh, 1872» leasacliaidh air a' chilis, rinn Esop leis a' chosamhlachd so an comhairlcachadli gii bhi foighidnoacla, agus thuirt e riu mu dheireaJh, ''SIo luclid dùthcha ionmhaian, bithibh toiliclitc le 'ur cranncliur, dona 's mar tha e, gun fhios nach ann a dheanadh atharrachadh gnothaichean na's miosa." "Mar a chaireas duine a Icabaidh, 's ann a laidheas e." Ead. le Mac-Mharcuis. NAIDHEACHDAN. Cha n 'eil naidheachdan cudthromacli sam bith agiinn ri 'n innseadh air a' mhios seo. Ach faodaidh sina gearr-chunntas a thoirt air beagan de ghnothachaibh na duthcha. Thainig Mac Thighearna Ghrannda gu 'aois air a' mhios a chaidh seachid; 's ma thainig, cha-n ann gun fhuaim a chaidh ;in latha leigeil seacTiad. Bha Baile nan- Granndach air a sgeadachadh leis gach ni a's àillte 'surrainn sinn ainmcachadh ; agus am measg na'n sgriobhaidhean cha robh a' Ghailig air dhi-chuimhn', oir an àitean de'n bhaile bha na briathran seo: "Saoghal fada 's deadh bheatha do 'n mhorfhear òg," "Fàilte air an oighre," agus an còrr. — lih i miiinntir Ghlinn-Urchaduinn cruinn aig an am cheudna. 'Sgann gun robh beinn. cnoc, no tulach 's a' ghleann gun tein' aighir 'n a chaoir-lasidr air am mullach. Gu h-ùr-labh- rach, snasmhor, deas-bhriatlu-ach, sheas Uilleam òg Mac-Aoidh, 's a,' Bhlar-bheag (Runaire Comunn GaiHg Inbhirnis) a dh' 61 deoch-slàinte an oighre òig. Labhair Mac- Aoidh 'sa' Ghiilig, a's bha 'uirgheall na bu f hreagarraichc 's na bu mhaisiche na mùran de'n spleadhachas fhada gun blirigh, a tha ro chimianta aig coinnimhean dc'a t-seòrsa seo, Thainig oighre ug Gàidhealach eile gu 'aois air a' mhios a chaidh seachad — Eosach Chromba. Mar a's cleachdach aig amaibh de'n t-seursa seo, bha na h-àrd uaislean mu 'n cuairt cruinn, aig deadh dhiothad. Bha mòran ri chantuinn, ach cho fad 's a's fiosrach sinnc, cha robh idir a' leithid de choltas Gàidhe .lach air ni sam bith mu'n cuairt do'n chuis, 'sq, bh' air coinnimh Thighearna Glirannda, 's a chuid iochdarain Ann an deadli uiriglieall beurla, dh-iarr Fcar-Ghàthan deocli-sL'iiLae an oighre òig Ò1 — ni a chaidh a dheanamh le niòr aoibhneas. Anns na làithihh a dli-aom, cha bhiodh coinneamh de'n t-seorsa seo, aig nach biodh am bard a' seinn subhailcean nan òg agus a' luaidh air euchdan nan triath a dh' f halbh, ach an diugh tha 'cheòl- raidh 'n a suainn, a' chlarsach air gheugaibh seilich, agus meilich, nan u in na's binne an cUiasaibh an uachdarain na uile oiifeid nam filidh. Tha sinn a' cluinntinn gu'm bheileas gii rathad i iruinn a dheanamh tro Eilean-dubh na Tòisidheachd. Choinnich mu"u cuairt do dhà fhichead de dh-uachdarain a's uaisl- ean eile na duthcha, anns a' Chauonaich deireadh na miosa 'chaidh seachad, gu an comliairle chur cuideachd, agus beachdan a cheile 'fhaotiinn mu'n chuis. Bha fear iMac-an-Leisdeir 's a' chathair, a hibhair gu pongail, agus a dh-iarr comhnadh o gach uachdaran mu'n cuairt. Gu sgeula goirid a dheanamh, mu"n do sgaoil a' chuideachd, chaidh dlu air ficheid mile punnd tìasunn- ach a chruinneachadh (no gu h-àraid a ghealltainn). Tha'n aimsir am bitheantas flinch anns gach cearna. Tha 'm b\rr a nise air a thional gu tcai-uinte ge>rl 1)U mh^r an eagal a bh' air cuid nach rachadh a thional air a' bhliadhna seo le fliuichead nah-airasir, Cha d' f huaireas a' mhòine air a cruachadh fhathast ann am mòran àitean de'n Ghàidh- ealtachd; agus tha a mheud 'saig am bheil an comas gu dripeil a' togail giuthais, 'g a spealgadh,'g a thoirt dachaidh, agus a luchd- achadh nm spàrdan leis. Bha cuid, aon uair, ann am mòr chreideas 's a' bheachd f haoin, nach biodh duine anns na h-uile seidh'na Ghàidhcal, mar gabhadh e 'n daorach cho trie 's a ght^obliadh e mac- na-bracha. Faodaidh ar luchd-lcughaidh a thuigsinn gu'm bheil a' bheachd seo a' call greim 's a' Ghàidhealtachd 'n uair a dh-inn- seas sinn gu'n d' thug Mac-Mhurchaidh, M ica'-Linnein agus Elliot àrd righladh nan " S n=:gni-m, thing done,) conihnadh, (anciently co-gnamz=iCon-yniin, assist- ance, lit. CO- act), fbghnamh (anciently fognamz=fo-gniin, service), jbghnadh (sufficiency), which, if not identical with fbgnamh, is from/b, gnini, and the ter- mination ad, now adh. Although gincal has a close resem- blance to the root gin, it is not derived from it immediately, but from the other form cen, as shown by its ancient form cenel, of which there must have been a still older form cenethl, as may be seen by comparing it with the AVelsh cenedl, anciently ceneil. The afTinity between gen and the Gr. gignomai, from the obsolete geno (com- pare egenomcn), and the Lat. gigno is obvious, and the form of the root, cen, explains cinne, cinneach. with which A. S. ci/n, ci/nd, and Eng. kin, kindy kindred, are cognate. (T-jbe Continued.) THE RIVER NAMES OP ENG- LAND AND SU()TL\ND, AND WHAT THEY PROVE. It is allowed by all who have studied place names, that those of rivers and mountains ai-e the most ancient in aU countries, and must have been given by the first inhabitants. Now, when we find that in England there are a very- great number of rivers which have pre- cisely the same names as those in Scot- land, it is certain they must, in every instance, have been given by a race of people speaking the same language. The origin of tJie Scotch river names is derived from the Gaelic language ; there are none composed of Welsh words, and this fact is acknowledged by a Welsh writer, Mr F. Ei I wards, who says, in his very recent work on " Names of Places," page 12: "The Sjottish rivers and mountains must have received their names long before the Cyrary arrived." This is a truthful fact, and proves that not a river or mountain in Scotland was named by the Welsh people. The ety- mology of the rivers of Scotland being from the Gaelic, the writer I lereof pro- ceeds to give the names of those of Eng- land identical with tliem, and their derivations. In Scotland there are seven rivers named "Avon;" in En, laud there are four rivers named ■' \ von ;" in Scot- land (iu Dumfriesshire) there is a river " Evan;" in England (iu Kent) there is also an "Evan;" all these come from the Gaelic woi'd Abhuin/i, and means "a river;" this name itself is formed from Abh, old Gacjlic for " water," and lime, "a channel." — Abhuirm is often contracted into Aune, Auin, and An; we find it so in the " Anne" of Devon- shire. In England there are three Nov., 1872. THE GAEL. 247 rivers called " Esk," one in Yorkshire, and two in Cumberland; in Scotland there are seven rivers called " Esk," and are derived from the Gaelic word Uisg, or Uisge, meaning " water." The " Eskle" of Hereford is evidently from the same ■word ; so also are the three English livers named " The Ouse." In England (in Yorkshii-e) there is a river called the " Leven ;" in five dif- ferent counties of Scotland rivers named " Leven," occur, and derive theii* names from the Gaelic words Liath-abhuinn, pronounced as if written " Leea-aven," and now contracted in English to " Le- ven." The signification of the Gaelic words is the " grey or misty river." In Lancashii'e there is a river called the " Douglas," which is identical with the Scotch rivei'S called " Douglas," of which there are no less than seven so named. One of them is in Argyleshire, where no Welsh race ever dwelt, and could not have named it. They are all derived from the words Du-glas, or in full Gaelic orthography, Dubh-gJdas, meaning " dark gray." In Glenfender, Perthshire, there is a stream named AlUan Duhhghlas, which confirms the etymology of all the " Douglas " rivers being as above stated. The people of Glenfender speak Gaelic, and know no- thing of Mr Edmunds' Welsh word las, " a stream," but will understand Duhh- ghlas to mean " dark gray." In Yorkshire there is a large river called the " Don," which is identical in name with the " Don " of Aberdeen- shii-e, and another in Elgin, Scotland. Some good Gaelic scholars make its de- rivation to be from Domhain (pro- nounced " Doan"), which means " The deep river j" but Dr Armstrong, in his Gaelic Dictionary, says it is an old word for "water." The "Dun" in York- shire is the same name as the river " Doun '' of Ayrshii-e, Scotland, and which last was in old charters written " Dun." Its etymology is from the Gaelic Du-an, meaning " The dark river." There is in Yorkshire a river named the " Calder ;" there are many of the same name in Scotland, in La- nai-kshire there being no less than three. The derivation is from the Gaelic Coille - dur, meaning, " the wooded water or stream." "Dur" is well known to be an old Gaelic word for " water." In the county of Suffolk there is a river called the " Ore;" there are two livers of the same name in Scotland, one in Eifeshire and one in Kirkcudbrightshh-e; the derivation is from the Gaelic Oir, which signifies the river which runs at " The edge or mar- gin." The river in Aberdeenshire called the " Urie," was formerly written " Ure ;" and there is in Yorkshh-e a river " Ure," and also comes from Oir. The old spelling of the river " Ayr," in Ayrshire, was " Aii'e," and we find a river of that same name in England (in Yorkshii-e), and on which Leeds is situated. The etymology is from the now obsolete term in Gaelic for water represented by the single letter "A," which is pronounced broad like the English word " awe," and occurs in the River "Awe," in Argyleshire; the other Gaelic word is reidh, pronounced " ray," the two together mean " The Smooth water." The river Tyne in Scotland, and the Tyne of England, must have the same etymology; and, as the Welsh race did not give the name to the former, so neither could they to the latter, and with regard to the Angles naming the Scotch Tyne, that must be held as an unreasonable surmise, because they did not enter the country till the middle of the sixth century; but the Romans, in the Urst century found that part of Scotland held and fully peoj)led by the Caledonian Gael, and it was this primitive and valiant race who gave all the Gaelic topography of Scotland. This river name appears to be from the Gaelic words Teth-an, pronounced, as if spelled, "Tayan," and meaning "The 248 THE GAEL. ■warm river." The rivers " Tcan " and "Teign," of Devonshire, are probably of the same derivation. There is an " Aide," in Suffolk, which is certainly identical with the " Aldie," streams of Scotland, derived from the Gaelic words Allt-dn, or "The dark stream." It is ridicnlous to say the name of these streams (there are four in Scotland) was given by the English race from tlie Alder tree. The Gael must have given the names centuries before any English- men entered the country. The " Allt " of Lancashii-e is iden- tical with the " AUts " of Scotland, and of which there are many hundreds. INIr Edmunds makes an astonishing mistake as to this name in his last Avork (p. 14), where he derives it from the Welsh word Allt, meaning, he says, "a steep place, or mountain district " — which is impossible, because the " Allt," of Lan- cashire, is a stream. There is a brook in the county of Kent called the " Eden," and in Cum- berland there is a river called the " Eden," on which is Carlisle. There are four different rivers of the same name in Scotland ; their ancient spell- ing is " Edan," which is nearer to the Gaelic word whence this river name is derived — namely, from "Eudan," mean- ing "The front river," probably from being conspicuous ; the Gaelic word also means "the face," which would be ap- plicable to a river that ran along the edge or slope of a ridge. At p. 15, Mr Edmunds says this river name (Eden) " must be conceded as Gaelic." This admission is important, coming from an advocate contending for the Welsh race being the first inhabitants of Britain ; but Avhich is impossible, when we find proofs of the Gael naming rivers from Kent to Cumbei-land, botli included, and that tlie very same river names are also spread over all Scotland, demonstrating that it was a Gaelic- speaking race who gave these names in both countries. That it is altogether erroneous in Mr Edmunds, or any other person, to say that the "Douglas" and " Esk " river names come from the Welsh language, is proved by the im- portant fact that they occur in Ireland, where the Welsh race never gave any names. Thus, Mr Joyce, in his work on Irish Topography, 1st edition, p. 411, says — " Douglas is very common both as a river and a townland designation all over the cou.ntry ;" and however eager Welsh writers may be to attempt to give their derivations to the Scotch and English rivers callejl "Douglas," we learn from this same Irish river name that they must be wrong. Esk is also found as a name in Ireland, and Mr Joyce (page 408) brings it also from the same coi'responding word of tlie Irish Gael, namely, iiisce, " water." Th« name " Eden " is also found in Ireland, derived, as mentioned above, and by this -wiiter, from " Eudan." (See page 464.) There are, besides, such a number of rivers identical in England with those of Scotland which must have been given by a people speaking the language of the Gael. There are also a great many others derived from it, and as it was not the Welsh race who named the Scotch rivers (which is admitted by Mr Edmunds), so the similar names in England must have been given in like manner by the Gael long before the Welsh race arrived. James A. Eobertson. RETIREMENT of MR. MURDOCH. It is witli deep regret we announce tliat Mr. Murdoch, the spirited writer who has done so macli to vindicate the Celtic character, is now retiring from his public office. Mr. Murdoch was for thirty-four or thirty-five years in the excise, and during that time, was continually contributing to the forma- tion of public opinion on a variety of subjects — among others, the Repeal of THE GAEL. 249 the Com Laws, Temperance, and the Land Question. With the Temperance Movement he was connected for the last thirty years. In connection with the Land Question, his name is a household word. Having spent many years in England and Ireland, he was enabled to deal with the Irish and Eng- lish Laud Question, as well as the Scottish. Deeming this the most vital Question next to the Gospel, his zeal in ventilating it never flagged. He wrote largely on it in English and Irish as well as Scotch papers ; and his writings on thissubjectalonc, if collected, would form several respectable, good sized volumes. A notable series of papers from his pen, entitled " Suth- erland AND OTHER CLEARANCES," and signed "Finlagan," were printed, about ten years ago, in the " Mark Lane Ex- press," the leading Agricultural Journal of England. In these papers, the Sutherland Clearances were made to shed light on the whole system of Eviction and Land mismanagement, and the interest they created was such as that they were reprinted in several other papers. Mr. Murdoch advocated the cause of the people, and particularly the right of the Celtic people to their native soil, at the same time recognising the hardships and wrongs of the Saxon. He has always been the champion of the Highlanders, and was ever eager to promote measures for their good. As an instance of how his writings are always relished, we may refer to a paper he read, two years ago, on the " Cli- mate OF Inverness," before the Mem- bers of the Inverness Literary Institute. Such was the interest created, that they unanimously called on him to deliver it as a Lecture, under their auspices, in the Music Hall of that town. In Forres, last winter, he de- livered a Lecture on the Heroes of Ossian; and we understand, he is called upon to deliver it again in some of the neighbouring towns. He also wrote an elaborate paper on the Clan System. He was always ready to help others, both in public and private work, if he thought that in so doing he was advocating the cause., and walking in the paths, of justice. He is a Chief- tain of the Inverness Gaelic Society, and from the literary talent he brings to its meetings as well as the zeal he evinces in promoting its welfare, he is one of the chief pillars of the Society. From the Revenue Department (to which he professionally belonged), it appears from what the Civilian says, that he is not retiring unnoticed : — " Mr. Murdocli, whose name is a house- hold word throughout the Department in every part of the kingdom, has for many months been a martyr to rheumatism, acquired by him ir^^ the discharge of the laborious duties of Supervisor, and, as no prospect of his early recovery exists, he has taken the only course open to him and sought retirement. We are certain that this announcement will be everywhere received with sorrow, and we cannot believe that Mr. Murdoch's retirement from the service will be unmarked by striking testimony to his work and fidelity to the great cause to which he has devoted so much energy and ability.'' After the above cursory review of some of what Mr. Murdoch has done, our readers will see that a most useful man is retiring from Public Life. We would therefore humbly suggest that the sons of the Gael in all quarters, as well as his own friends (private and public) should co-operate with the Members of the Excise, in presenting him with something that may not be unworthy of themselves. GAELIC PHILOLOGY. (A Letter to the Editor.) My Dear Sir, I have read with great interest the re ai-ris you made in the ÌEng- lish Department cf the Oct. No. of "The Gael," upon the Ie:tnre delivered by the Rev. Mr Cameron, )f Kenton, on Gaelic Philology. I have for several years been 250 THE GAEL Nov., 1872. groping my way in the same direction witli very little leisure time, aud no assistanee except my nearly -worn out knowledge of Latin and Greek, aud recent'y acquired knowledge of Welsh aud Armonic. 1 there- fore hail" with delight the idea of having a compilation as you shadow forth — a Gaelic Comparative Lexicon. It would bo of the greatest importance to the Gaelic student. It would be the means of attract- ing more attention to the antiquity and virtue of the language, and wiping away the stigma, that even Germans aud other foreigners know more about the Gaelic philolog cally than those whose language it is. 'Ihe undertaking would, doubtless, be an arduous one, requiring much and varied study, much learning and great research, yet not insurmountable. 1 observe, with delight, in your concluding remarks, that, were encouragement given, and were Iligh- landeis resolved, '* shoulder to shoulder," to help the matter forward, a promise was given by the Rev. Mr Cameron to have such a great work undertaken. As a Highlander willing to bear a hand, I accept the challenge by offering at ou' e to subscribe a live pound note to begin with, more if fuiind necessary, and take several copies of the work when published. I hope every patriotic Highlander will do the same. You, sir, will raise the lasting gratitude of every real Highlander, who has any love left in him for the language of his fore- fathers, by agitating further th s undertak- ing, aud the support, and the encourage- ment, to undertake so desirable a Avork. I shall be heartily glad to hear more of the scheme, and to hear that it has a pro- spect of success. — Ever yours sincerely, John Mackay. [It is with the greatest pleasure we in- sert Mr Mackay 's letter, and we hope that other lliglilanders, at home and abroad, •will follow his examp'e, not merely by telling what ought and might.be done, but by showing what they can do, and are willing to do ; and, finnlly, we are confident that Mr Cameron's ability to execute the task is a full guarantee for the Cklt every- where, to follow in the good path which Mr Mackay has so munificently opened ujp.] thing that Professor Blackie does in show- ing the affinities of the Gaelic language, I cannot allow him to run away with the harrows at pleasure. The word Tigh- earn (in its aspirated form "Thighearu") he considers is derived from the Latia " Tego," a shelter, a house. I beg to state that the word has no connection with "Tigh" (more prop rly taigh), a house. "Tighearu" is compounded of " Ti," an individual or person, and " tharainn " over us, the word therefore meaning the indi- vidual who is over or above us, and equally applicable to " Tighearn " neimh and "Jighearn" an fhearainn. 1 hough the first syllable " Tigh " has a resemblance to "tigli," a house, yet the " gh " is no part of the word " ti." The "gh" is only used to keep the vowels from coalescing, as in many instances "dh," "mh," " bh," " gh,'' " th," &c., the real pronunciation of the word is "Tiarna." Argathaliax. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. We are sorry that the sketch of Wm. Livingstone's Life has been unavoidably postponed. Books Received.—" Celtic Origin of Greek and Latin," by Dr Stratton ; also, by the same author, " The Affinity between the Hebrew Language and the Celtic ; " •'Lays of the Highlands and Islands," by Professor Blackie ; " Leabhar na Feinne," by J. F. Campbell ; " College Irish Grammar," by Professor Bourke ; also, by the same author, " Easy Lessons in Irish ; " " Historical Map of the Clans," by Col. Robertson and T. B. Johnstone ; &c., &c. THE GAELIC "GOD SAVE THE QUEEN." (To the Editor of The Gael.) Sir, — Although a great admirer of every. We arc glad to inform our readers that the "Netlicr-Lochaber" corre- spondent of the Inverness Courier has kindly consented to superintend a poetical column — original and select — in the -winter and spring numbers of The Gael. Under the charge of a gentleman so thoroughly qualified to execute the task, -we arc confident that this column shall be hailed with delight by all lovers of the killed muse. Mr Stewart's first contribution will appear iu our next. DARA MIOS A' GHEAMHRAIDH, 1872. I Leabh. [10 Air. AIR CRUINN-CHORPAIBH SOILLSEACn NAN SPEUR. II. Earran AIR A' GIIREIN AG US AIR MERCURI. Ged tha oibre a' cliruthachaidh gu ieir mòr' agus miorbhuileach, gidheadh, cha 'n eil ni air bith ri f haicinn 'n am measg ni's ciàtaich', agus ni's oirdheircc na cruinn-chuirp shoillseach nan speur. Feumaidli " na soluis a ta ann an speu- raibh nèimh" iongantas achur orra-san uile, a bheaclidaicheas le ciirani air na gniomharaibh so, a rinneadh leis-san a thubhairt, "Biodh soluis ann an speuraibh neimh, a chur dealachaidh eadar an la agus an oidhche, agus biodh iad air sou clionibaran, agus air son ainasirean, agus air son làithean, agus bhliadhnacban ! Agus biodh iad mar sholusaibh ann an speuraibh neimh a thoirt soluis air an talamh : agus bha e mar sin. — Agus rinn Dia da sholus mhor, an solus a's mo a riaghladh an latha, agus an solus a's lugha a riagh- ladh na h-oidhche ; agus na i'èultan," (Gen. i. 14, &c.) Mar so tha Maois a' toirt cunntais duinn air cruthachadh na greine, na gealaich, agus nan reult. Labhair Dia am focal, agus leum iad suas gu bith — " Thubhairt e, Biodh solus ann, agus bha solus ann ! Agus chuunaic Dia an solus gu'n robh e maith," (Gen. i. 3, 4). Gu cinnteach is dall, aineolach, agus neo-mhothuchail an neach a thilgeas a shiiilean air reul- taibh soillseach neimh, gun e fein isleachadh, agus gun fhaicinn cia co diblidh 's a ta e, agus cia co suarach 'sa ta a ghniombara a's fearr, an coimeas ri àilleachd an t-seallaidh a chi e, agus ri cumhachd neo-chrioclmuichte an Ti dhealbh neamh agus talamh, a neoni! Dh' innis sinn anns a' cheud earrainn, gu'm bheil a' ghrian air a suidheachadh ann am meadhon nan reult, a ta 'g iadhadh m'a timchioU 'n an cuairtibh eug-samhla fein. Tha i fein, ach beag, neo-ghluasadach ged tha a reultan uile a' gluasad mu'n cuairt di. Tha i, gidh- eadh, a' cur char di air a mul fein,* o'n iar gus an ear, agus a' gabhail coig thar fhichead de na làithibh againne, chum aon chuairt a chur ! Tha i còrr mòr agus muillean uair ni's mo na'n talamh so, agus corr agus ceithir fichead 's a deich muillean mile air astar uaithe; gidheadh, tha a teas, agus a solus a' ruigheachd air, agus a' toirt beatha do gach creutair agus luibh a ta air! A reir beachd dhaoine foghluimte, tha a' ghrian 'n a cruinn-bhallmòr, daingeann, agus dorcha, air a cuairteachadh le adhar soillseach agus dealrach air chor is nach faic sinne ach amhàin dearrsadh an sgeudachaidh Icis am bheil i air a còmhdachadh! Chithear air uairibh buill dhubha air aghaidh na greine, agus tha na teallsanaich a' deanamh mach, gur fosglaidhean, no tuill, iad so, air trusgan lannaireach na greine, trid am bheil a coi'p dorcha fein air a nochd- adh ! Tha cuid a' saoilsinn gu'm bheil a' ghrian air a h-eiteachadh, cosmhuil ris an talamh so, le creutairibh reusonta agus tuigseach ! Ach cha 'n oil cunntas againn air so, agus cha 'n fheud sinn a bhi glic 'n ar barail fein, os ceann na tha air a sgriobhadh ! Ach, cha'n eil cunntas againn 'n a aghaidh ; agus gu cinnteach a reir reusoin, cha'n 'eil e * h-Aisil, — Beurla, Axis. 252 AN GAIDHEAL. Dara Mios a' Gheamhraidh, 1S72. cosmhuil, gu"ra biodh am ball cruinn agus beag so, air am bbeil sinne a' teachd beo, air kiteachadh le creut- airibh tuigseach am feadh 's a bhiodh a' ghrian, a ta còrr agus rauillcan uair ni's mo na e, air a fàgail 'n a fiisach fiadhaicli agus falamh ; agus a reir ar beachd-ne, gun flieura air bith, ach mar lòchran mòr a shoillseacliadh nan reult, a ta 'grad-sliiubhal mu'n cuairt di. Mar so, cbitliear a' ghrian, aillidh agus òirdhearc, ann am mcadhon a teagh- laich, a' co-phairteacbadhriu gaclisolais agus aoibhneis — a' tilgeadh a gathanna or-bhuidh, chum an criochan a's iomal- laiche — agus a tomhas an airasirean doibh maraon ! Mar so, tha'n solus mor so, a' riaghladh an latha do gach aon fa leth de na reultaibh a dh' ainm- icheadh, agus tha e dhoibh, a reir sònrachaidliDhe, — "airsonchomharan, agus air son aimsirean, agus air son làithean, agus bhliadhnachan." Air do'n ghrein a bhi ni's aillidh' agus ni's dealraiche na uile sholuis eile neimh, rinneadh i 'n a cuspair-aoraidh, le cin- neachaibh lionrahor 'san iiird an ear ! Bha iad ag amharc oirre mar dhia, agus a' sleuchdadh dhi leis gach cùram agus treibhdhireas 'n an comas ! Cha 'n 'eil teagamh nach i a' ghrian " Baal,"' dia nam Pheniciach, "Chemos" dia nan Ammonach ! Ach an aghaidh an iodhail-aoraidh so, thug Dia, le beul Mhaois, rabliadh sonruichte agus soillcir do chloinn Israeil, ag r;idh riu, "Thu- gaibh, uime sin an aire mhaith dhuibh fein, air eagal gu'n tog thu suas do shuilean ri nèamh, agus an uair a chi thu a' ghrian agus a' ghcalach, agus na reultan, eadhon sloigh neimh uile gu'n tairngcar thu gu cromadh sios dlioibh, agus gu aoradh a dhcanamh dhoibh, a roinn an Tighearna do Dhia ris gach cinneach a ta fo ncamh uile," (Deut. iv. 15, 19). Aig na reultaibh a ta 'cuairteachadh na groine, tha la ag'us oidhcho, sarah- radh agus geamhradh, ceart mar a ta aig an talamh againne. Tha iad uile a' dol mu'n cuairt air am mulanaibh fein, ann an amannaibb suidbicbte, agus 's iad na h-amanna sin, an laithean agus an oidhchean fa leth. Tha iad uile, mar an ceudna, os barr, a' dol mu'n cuairt do'n ghreiu, ann an cearcallaibh mora, agus tha gach cuairt dhiubh so, a' deanamh na bliàdhna aig gach reult fa leth. Mar so tha bliadhnaichean nan reult, a's faigse do'n ghrein ni's giorra na bliadhnaichean nan reul, a ta aig astar ni's faide uaipe. De na re- ultaibh a dh' ainmicheadh anns a' cheud earrainn, 'se Mercuri a's faigse do'n ghrein. Tha 'n reult so ni's lugha na'n talamh, agus cosmhuil ris a' ghrein agus ris gach reult eile, tha i 'n a ball cruinn talmhainn, da mhile agus sea ceud de mh'iltibh troi'pe ! Tha i 'deanamh a cuairt mu'n ghrein, ann an seachd agus ceithir fichead la, agus tri uairean thar fliichead iiine de na laithibh againn-ne, agus 'se so, uime sin, bliadhna Mher- curi. Tha l;i na reilte so, dlùth air a bhi CO fada ri'r latha fein; ach tha i co fagus do'n ghrein, an coimeas ris na reultaibh eile, agus air an aobhar sin, CO ana-minic air a faicinn, is nach soirbh an ni do na teallsanaich, fad a la a thomhas ! Tha i 'cuairteachadh na greine ann an cearcall, a ta sea muil- lean deug thar fhichead mile air astar uaipe; agus tha i a' siubhal anns a' chearcall so cho luatli, 's gu "m bheil i deanamh corr agus ceud mile de mhil- tibh anns an uair ! Tha 'n solus agus an teas a ta i a' tarruing o'n ghrein, a sheachd uiread ris an t-solus agus an teas againn-ne; agus ma thacreutairean reusonta a' gabhail corahnuidh anns an reilt bhig so, chi iad a' ghrian, seachd uairean ni's mo, na tha sinne 'ga faicinn! Nach aluinn — nach miorbhuilefich uil' oibre an Tighearna De ? " Clia 'n 'eil neacli cosmhuil ri Dia lesurain a tha marcachd air ncamh a'd' chOmhnadh, agus 'na mhòrachd air na speuraibh," (bent, xxxiii. 2G). " Thigibh agus faicibh oibre Dhe — uamhasach tha e 'n a glmiomharaibh," (Fs. Ixvi. o). 'Se Dira Mios a" Ghaamhraiaii ANT GAIDaEAL. 253 so aa Ti Uile-bheannuichte sin, " A sgaoileas a macli na neamha 'n a aonar, agus a shaltaireas air tonnaibh na fairge ; a tha deanamh Arcturuis, Ori- oin, agus Pleiades, agus sheòmraiche na h-airde deas : a tha deanamh nithe mora nach bi e'n comas fhaigheil a mach, agus nithe iongantach nach gabh aireamh," (lob ix. 8, 11). SgIATHA-NACII. CALLUM A' GHLINNE. IV Earran. Mu'n am an d'thainig muinntireas ChalUiim gu' crich, agus 'n uair a bha e ann an tomhas de iomchomhairle co aca 'rachadh e gu Galldachd a dh'iarraidh 'fhortain, no a dh' fhanadh e car nine mar a bha e, thainig caochladh doch- arach air a' Ghaidhealtachd a dh' aobharaich an ditheachadh agus am fogradh a dh' f hag i mar a tha i, 'na fasaich an coimeas ris mar bha i aig an am ud ; eadhon, " Achd Lagh nam •Bochd" — lagh nach do thionndaidh a raach na bheannachd aon chuid do'n bhochd no do'n bheairteach. Fo an t-seann riaghladh cha robh na bochdan ro lionmhor agus bha iad air an cumail suas ann an tomhas de chomhfhnrtachd freagarrach da'n inbhe le saor-thabhar- tais nan sgireachdan d'am buineadh iad fa leth. An aite 'bhi air an cuibhreachadh mar phriosanaich ann an luchuirtean mora, riomhach, cosdail, o'n leth a muigh, ach lorn fuar fasail o'n leth a staigh, agus fo smachd 's fo riagh- ladh mhaighistirean agus mhnathan eiridnidh aig nach eil ach ro bheag de chaomhalachd no de chomhfhulangas ri 'n laigsinnean, a's ann a bha iad air an cumail suas gu blath agus gu seasgair "n am bothain fein agus an uireasbhuidh- ean air an leasachadh gu bunailteach le tialaidheachd thlusmhor an cairdein 's an luchd eòlais, agus ant airgiod abha air a thioual o shabaid gu sàbaid aig dorsaibh na h-Eaglais air a roinn orra leis an tSeisein aig amaibh suidhichte. Cha bu cheum air ghaig le oigridh na sgireachd obair latha no dha 'bhuile- achadh air buain, air caoineachadh agus air giulan dachaidh raoine nam bochd, agus cha robh biuthas a dh' fhaoidte ainmeachadh as an deanadh ban-tuathanach barrachd uaill na gum biodh e air a radh d'a taobh " gun robh beannachd nam bochd 'n a cuideachd." Ach air do'n lagh iir tighinn as taigh, leis an robh cis air a leagadh air uach- darain a's iochdarain a reir an tighinn- as-taigh — a's a dh' f heumadh a bhi air a dioladh gun mheachainn gun dail aig na traithean suidhichte — cha b' fhada gus an d'rinn siod " am feumach mi- thaingeil 's an saoibhir neo-shuairc." Bha na bochdan a nis 'n an lethtrom agus 'n an uallach searbh do na h- uachdarain agus do na tuathanaich. Thug siod, gun dail, buille-'bhàis do'n spiorad uasal, chaomhail, bhlath-chi-idh- each, air son an robh na Gaidheil cho comharraichte, agus do'n ghradh na- durra f hiuthail neo-eiseimeileach a bha air altrum, eadhon leis na cosnaichean bochda d'am parantan aosda. Co 'nis a dh' aicheadh, no a sharuicheadh e fein, a cumail suas caraid no ban- charaid aosda, uireasbhuidheach, air dha bhi air eigneachadh, aill air n-aill, gu bhi dioladh gu daor airson cumail suas bochdan eile ris nach robh dairah no cairdeas aige. Mar sin, dli' fhas na bochdan ni bu lionmhoire agus na cisean ni bu truime o bliliadhna gu bliadhna. B'e siod, ann an tomhas mor, a bu mhathair-aobhair do'n an-riagh- ladh dhocharach, bhreisleachail, ghearr- sheallach a rinn a' Ghaidhealtachd, ann an ioma cearna, ach beag, na 'fasaich. Thainig na h-uachdarain gu co-dhimadh nach robh leigheas a b'f hearr air an leon, na an tuath bheag, mar 'theirte riu, fhogar as an duth- aich, an duil gum biodh na bochdan air an ditheachadh 's an tomhas cheudna agus uallach na cise air a tliogail 'bharr guallainn an luchd diolaidh, no aig a chuid 'bu lugha air a h-eutromachdh. 25i AN GATDHEAL. Dara Mioa a' Gheimhraidh, 187 Mar sin thoisich iad air suidheachadh an fhearainn air tuatlianaich mliora mav f liritliean fhiadli agus mar ghabiia- laichean farsuing chaoracb. Chaidh gundail sguabach an fhograidh a leagail air a' glileann tborrach, tharbhacb, innseagacb, 's an d' fhuair Calliuu agus a sbinnsear am brcLb 's an àracb. Ged a bba 'mbathair corr agus da fbicbead bliadbna 'na ban-tuatbanaicb air an aon laraich, agus gun a bbi riamb ann am fiacban do'n uacbdaran, am measg cbaicb, fbuair i a' bbairlin; agus air a' cbaingis a b' fbaisge cbaidb corr agus fichead smuid a smàladb a db' aon bheum o bbraigbe gu bonn a' ghlinne, dbe an robb ant iomlan air a sbuidb- eacbadb air aon tuf^tbanacb gallda — seann fbleasgacb, gun bbean, gun mbac, gun nigbean. Mu mbeadbon-là, gbluais gacb teagblacb fa letb, a macb an combdhail a cbcile, cba b' ann mar a cbite iad re ioma bliadbna air mad- uinn gacb sabaid 'n an comblain stolda rianail le'n agbaidhean air eaglais na sgireacbd gu bhi 'g aoradb do Dbia an athraicbean — acbgublii 'gabbail an cead deirreannacb d'a cbeile ann an tir nam beò, a cbuid a b' fbearr 'sa b' oige dbiu air cheann an allabain a' del air imricb do dbutbcbaibb cein. Bu cbianail deucbainncacb an sealladb e,-an oigridb lutbor, fliallain, eireacbdail, a' deahvcb- adbris an aosda, a bba air an latbaud air an iomain gu rudba cruaidb, creag'acb, ann an oisinn Ictboireacb de'n oigb- reachd far an robb botbain cbumban dbiblidb air an togail dhoibb. Am measg nan eiltbireacb bba cuid de bbraitbrcan agus de pbeatbraicbean Challuim ri am faotainn. Bba a mhathair a nis air a fagail gun seilbb, gun bbunacbas a's acb beag 'n a b-aonar, agus sgiiil na sean aois ag iadbadb oirrc, ach fbatbasd clia robb i aon cbuid ann an uireasbbadb no ann an eiseimeil ant saogail. Bba Galium a nis air a cbur tbuige gu deucbainncacb, agus cbuir c roindic ciod air bitb a dbeireadb dba nacb fàgadb e Eilcan Bhreatunn cbo fada 's bu bbeo i. A bbarr air an teas- gbradb a bba aige dbi mar mbathair cbaombail, dbleasdanaicb, bba co- fbulangas ro cbaoin aige ritbe, mar bba i 'nis, 'n a suidbeacbadh aonarach, air cbor agus gur ann le cridbe goirt a rinn e suas inntinn dol cbo fada uaipe eadbon ri Galldacbd na b-Alba. Cha d' rinn e suas inntinn gus an do cbuir e 'n (oiseacb gu 'raidhe fein e, Co aca a b' fbearr leatba e db' fbuireacb dluth dbi mar a bba e na e 'dhol do Gblascbu far am faodadb cotbrom a 'bbi aige air soirbbeacbadb ni b' fbearr a tbaobb na cbuir e ri 'sbuil. Deucbainncacb mar a bba i thug i 'Ian aonta dba gun gbearan gun soradb. Cbuir i na 'uidheam e mar a b' fbearr adh' fhaod- adli i. Cbur i Biobul ùr eireacbdail, 'na cbiste, air dbi aireamb nacb bu bbeag de earranan a cbombarracbadh agus db' asluicb i air gun cuimbnicbeadh e gacb uair a tbigeadb aon dbiu fo 'sbuil, gu'm b' earrannan4ad cs cionn. am biodb ise gacb latba a' gttidlie gu'm biodh iad air am beannacbadb dba; agus bba iad air am beannacbadb dba air mbodb sonruicbte mar a chitbear an deigh so. Air feasgar ciuin, blath mu dbeireadh a' Cheitein, 'n uair a bba gbrian a' tearuadh gu h-atbaiseacb troi cbopan. gorm-shoilleir na b-iarmailte gu a leaba- tbaimb ann an ucbd an lar-cbuain, ag òradb muUacb nam beann, agus braon- dbrucbd caoin na b-oidbcbe cbeana tòiseacbadb ri dealtradb nan coilltean agus bblaitbean cùbbraidh ioma-dha- tliacb nan raointean agus nan acbaidh- can ; agus coisir sgiatbacb nan. doireacban a' seinn gu sunndacb fo sgail an ùr-bbarraich uaine, gbluais Galium a macb a botban a mbatbar air a thurus do Gblascbu gun a bbeag 'na sporan a bbarr air na pbaidbeadb fbaireadh air bata-na-smuide, acb le beannacbd agus deagb dburacbd a lucbd-còlais a's gu baraid le mile beannacbd a mbatbar 'ga leantuinn. Cbo luath 'sa fbuair Galium e fein air bord soitbeacb na Dara Mios a' Gheamhraidh, 1872. AN GAIDHEAL. 255 smuide, shuidh e sios air a clar deiridh agus i a nis' ga ghiulan air falbh gu siubhlach o'n "Eilein ghrianach mu'n iadh an saile" acli clia b'fhada gus an do chuir an t-astar agus an dorchadas sgail-bhrat eadar a shuil agus Tir nan giomanacli gun ghiamh, A rachadh sunndach ris ant sliabh, 'Sa chuireadh smuid ri fritli nam fiadh, Mu'n goir ant ian 'sa' chamhanaich. Tir a' bharraicU cluibhraidh uain', Tir na soillse, tir gun ghruaira, 'Sam faicte 'ghrian na gloir do-luaidh Gun toit a ghuail 'cur falach oirr.' Agus air an fheasgar ud chuunaic Galium i, mar nach robh e 'san dan dha a' faiciun a ritbisd car latlia 's bliadli- na na dheigh siod, acli mar bu trie a chunnaic, agus a blieaclidaicli e oirre le thachd agus le ioghnadh " aig criocli a cuairt Troi cliupan gorra nan speuran buan A' dol gu tarah an uchd a' cliuain, 'Si' g òradh cliruacla 'usbliearraidLiean," Ged a b'fliada gliabli e o' nadur agus o 'cliliu a blai aon cbuid meata no lag cbuiseacb, cbuir fàgail a dhutlicha sar- dheucbainn air a dbuinealais agus air a mbisneich. Ged nacli robli a bheag aig a dbutbaich ri mhaoidheadh air ann an seadh air bith ; agus ged a bba . docbas aige gum faodadb e ruiglieachd air cotbroman feabbasacbaidb, air cus- i pairean ionmbiannaiclite agus ioma [ co-fburtacbd pbearsanta ann an 1 Glaschu, ris nacb bu du dha fiugbair a I bbi aige le fuireacb aig a' bbaile, gidb- 1 eadb bba dian cheangal aige ris an i eilean bhocbd iomallacb a db' fhag e, a j bba an impis a cbridhe 'bbristeadh. I Bba suidbeacbadb cianail a mbathar, ; mar eun aoiiaracb air sliabb, agus a ,[ nead air a creacbadh, a'laidbe gu goirt I air 'inntinn. Air an laimb eile, bba I leithid de bbuaidh solasacbaidb agus ij riaracbaidb aig obair Naduir air aignid-  ara Mios a' Gheamhraidh, 1872. AN GAIDHEAL. 265 f; dhiubh air " bhiod," air son a fortan chluinntinn. Cha bu luaithe 'iàinig nne na ruith an triuir a mach air an lorus chuil ; agus, ma dh' innseas mi ki fliirinn duit-se, 'Ghaidheil ion- tbuinn, cha robh sinne bronach, oir pha bu toigh leinn a bhi 'g eisdeachd na caillich a' leughadh nan uibh- ean, agus gu 'n robh sinn cinnteach gu'm bitheadh na caileagan a' magadh a ris oirn. Bhrist a' chailleach ubh, agus gu ciiiamach leag i leis a' gheal- agan ruith don ghloinne (aig an am cheudna gle thoitheach nach gluaisedh am buidheagan, oir na 'n tuiteadh boinne dheth 'sa' ghloinne maille ris a' ghealagan 's ris an uisge, cha bhiodh a' chuis cho math). An deigh do'n ghealag'an a bhi mar bu nihiannach leis a' chaillich, chuir i a bois air beul nagloinne,'s chrath ii gu h-iollagachaig an am cheudna 'g ainmeachadh araon "Mhic-Shimidh" (air ainm 's air a shloi- nneadb) agus an fliir nach tig- an comunn nan criosduidhean. Leag i 'n sin leis na bha 'sa' ghloinne stòladh, 's shin i-fhein air aithris rann no ubag air chor-eigin. Leugh i 'ghloinne, 's dh' innis i do " Mhac-Shimidh," ni, ma tha e fior, a ni 'na dhuine sona e, cho ftida 's a bhios 'anail a' dol sios a's suas. Air a mhodh cheudna, leugh i mo gldoinne-se, ach 's duilich learn nach d'thug i misneachd sa bith dhomh. Dh'fhalbh sinn an sin a taigli na caillich a's dhealaich mi- fein 's " Mac-Shiraidh," agus chaidh mi do thaigh eile, agus air dhomh dol as teach, bha fear ann an sin 'sa cheann gu ruig a ghuaillean ann am ballan uisge, feuchain an tugadh e sia sgillinn de 'glirunnd. Theirteadh na'n tugta an t-sia sgillinn a grunnd a' bhallain uisge, leis na fiaclan, gu'm faigheadh a neach a dheanadh sin ceile, luath no mall. Chuir mi fhein mo cheann 'san uisge, agus gach uair a dh'fheuchainn ri chur fodha, thigeadh an aileag orm, 's ged a Ì)hithinn a' stri ris an t-sia sgillia a thogail fhathasd cha bhithinn dad n'a b'f hearr ; agus sgur mi, oir bha e cho fasa dhomh snaoisean fhaighinn o "DhòmhnuU na Gealaich" 'sa bha e dhomh greim a dheanarah air an t-sia sgillinn. Dh' fhiach mi n sin ri ubhall a thoirt as a' bhallan, ach cha b'e dad a b'fhasa dheanamh : a's gheill mi. Chuireadh an sin brat air m'eudainn, gus an robh mi cho dall ri fàth ; agus chuireadh tri triunnsairean air mo bhial-thaobh — fear falamh, fear Ian adh uisge glan, agus, le do chead- sa, am fear eile Ian adh uisge salach. Bha agam ri mo lamh a chur ann am fear diubh, agus a reir an fhir 'san cuirinn i, bha m' fhortan' 'sa bheatha SCO gu bhi air a thaisebanadh. Tri uairean an deigh cheile, chuir mi mo lamh 's an triunnsair f halamh ; as le corraich tbilg mi am brat de m' aghaidh. Fhuair mi an sin ubhall agus chaidh mi leis gus an sgathan; oir chuala mi, na'n ithinn ubhall ag coimhead ris an sgathan agus coinneal a' lasadh na m' lamh chli, gu'm faicinn iomhaidh mo leannain. llinn mi mar dh'iarradh orm, ach an truaighe iomh- aidh a chunnaic mise ach m' iomhaidh fein ! Shin iad an sin air losgadh chnothan ; 's a cliiad dithis a loisg iad (Mac-Shimidh 's a mhaighdeann) "ghabh" iad cho aillidh agus gu'n eilticheadh tu-fein riutha 'Ghaidheil. Loisgeadh an seo mi-feiii agus an te air an robh mi 'n toir o ghliin mo mhathar — 's mo loisgeadh, "ghabh" mise, 's "chrag" ise. Cha b'urrainn mi seasamh ris a' chorr, 's dh'fhag mi 'n taigh le corraich agus thug mi 'n iolainn orm, a spionadh dhias as a' chruaich choirce. Bha fadal mòr orm gus an tigeadh an dias, agus mi 'n dochas gu'm biodh i tarbhach, torrach, ach, mo dhiubhail ! cha robh aon siallan oirre ! As an iolainn thug mi 'n ath orm, agus thilg mi ceirsle shnatha 'ghoid mi air mo mhathair, suas do chro na h-athainn, a's dh'eigh mi, " co tha siod air ceann mo shnathain ?" ach cha d'fhuair mi freagairt ; a's gu dubh- 2G6 AN GATDHEAL. Dara Mios a' Gheamhraidh, 187!. cliridlicach b'eiginn tillcadh dacliaidh. A' del dachaidh smaonaich mi air oidheirp, eadhon an oidlieirp dlieirean- naich : mo mhuilicheann a bhogadli aim an allt sa bith air an robh beo a's marbh a' dol seachad. Rinn mi seo, cbaidli mi dbacbaidli, as cbaidii mi 'laidlic. Cbuir mi mo mbuiiiclicann fliiicb fo mo cbeann agus mi 'n dull gu'm bruadairicbinn air ailleag air chor-eigin ; acb clia do bbriiadair, agus air dbomb eiridb 'sa' mhaduinn bba mi "sgith, trom, airtneulacb." Nis a Gbaidbeil ionmbuinn db'innis mi dbiiit mar dh'eiricb dbomb oidbcbe sbambna. Db' fbeucb mi gacb ni airson fios fbaigbinn air ciod an seorsa mnatba bba mbanadb orm, acb cba d' fbuair mi am fios sin ; agus ciod a ni mi ? Cba bu mbatb learn a bbi na mo sbeann fbleasgacb, agus sin gu b- araid o'n tba 'n seau-fbocal ag radb "gur fada bu cboir dol a db'fluiichin fear nacb fbaigbeadbbcan." Tlicagamli gu'm faigbinn-se te, acb 'se 'm mi- shealbh a bb'orm riabb — an te a gheohhainn cha ghabhai/in. Bba mi 'n toir air iomadb te, acb de dbeth sin, cha ghabbadb iad mi. An nis a Gbaidbeil sbuairce tuigeas tu-fein mo staid, a's tbeagarab gu'n cur tbu focal matb as teacb air mo slion ri aon dc na b-oigbean maiseacb a tba leugbadb do GnAiDiiEAL. Ma gbeobb tbu eolas air te a sbaoileas tu 'tbaitneas rium, abair ritbe gur anu innte-se tha 'n eis, 's nacb ann annam-sa ; 's ma shaoileas tu gu'm bi i coma-co-dbiii, abair, mar tliuirt Uilleam Ros. Nach ciiis gbrain agus mbi-tlioirt Seann nighean gun sgiamb, 'N a briogaid gun mbiagli, 'S nacb iarrair a pog! Bi' 'b-aodann air casadh, Bi' 'fait air fas liatb, Bi cam-cbar 'n a bial A's fiar char 'n a sroin ; Wfian sJie'll lohiite and irpine Clia bbi loinn tuille dli' i, Not a kiss a gbeobb is' — She II be meas cumanta, Gun cbeile, gim leannan, Gun teallach, gun tuai*, 'N a seasg-cbaillicb tbruaigh, Fo smuairean, 's fo bbron ! Na di-cbuimhnich m' atbcbuinge'. Seall njo dhealbb do the sa bitb leis anc miannacb fbaicinn ! Cuir seo 'sa Gbaidbeal ; agus, creid gur mi do_ cliaraid seasmbach Mac-Dhomhnuill Duibh. Uig, XL Mios, 1872. SGRIOS NAM PIOCACH. Bno Aon AS Macaonai^, Craoiteak, SMEARCLEIT, UlST- a'-ChINN-A'-DeAS. [Sgriobbta le Alasdair G. MacGille- Mbicbeil, air an 13mb la de cbeud mbios na bliadbna, 18G5,] Bha uigb aig Rigb Coinneacb cuir as do na Piocacb. Sbuidhicb e iomadh. doigb air an sgrios, acli cba deacbaidh leis. Bba a mhac dombain 'sa' cbeann agus sbuidbicb easan agus an greigbear doigb cbum an sgrios, o na db' f bairt- licb iad eir 'atbair. Agus b'i seo an doigb — " Falbh thus" orsa mac an Rigb ris a ghrcigh- car " agus abair ris an iasgair tois- eachadh air iasgacb a' bbradain agus feannabuilg a dhianadb air a' chuile gin a gbeobh e agus na biain a tboirt thugamsa." Thug an greigbear seachad an t-ordugb a fbuair e, agus rinn an t-iasgair mar a sliireadh air, agus thug e biain nam bradan gu ciiramach adh ionnsuidb mac an Righ. Rinn an sin mac an Righ agus an greighear deise le biain nam bradan, agus bba an deise fuatbasach iongan- tacb. Bha i coltach ris na luiricbeann aigileanach uallacb (? dualacb) a bbith- eadh eir laoicb o shean, ri am cath a's combraig. Ruigeadb i shuas gu mul- lacb a chinn, agus shios gu sail nam boun ! Daa Mios a' Gheamhraidh, 1S72. AN GAIDHEAL. 267 Bha lais us l«inneireac soills' aist nar bhoillsge bogha nan speur, a's (ihealradh i 'san oidhche dhùdarra gheamhraidh mar dhealan air beinn an fheidh. I Chuir High Coinneacli a sin fios a mach fad agus farsuinnfeadh Alba thun pan diucanan, iarlacban, agus tighear- ban, tigbinn a chumail cuirm agus cuideacbd ris, mar onair dha-fbein, agus mar tboileacbadb dLiaibbsean, aig feotbas an treuntais agns an gaisge, ri linn bbitb 'cur as dha na Piocaicb. Tbainig na h-urracba mora agus rinn- eadb cuirm mbor, mhor, eir an coin- Sgeadaicb an greigbear e-f bein anns an deise bboisgeanta a rinneadb eir bian nam bradan/ 'Nuair a bba na b- uaillsean 'n an suidbe aig an dinnteir cbaidb e tbun uinneig an Rigb agus sbeid e 'n trombaid, agus gbLaodb e le gutb ard, " A Rigli Cboinnicb, sgrios na Piocaicb ! cuir as daibb ! na fag anara beo dbiu. Is mise teacbdaire 'tbainig a nuas o neamb leis an teacbd- aireachd seo tbugad-sa agus bitbidb mi nis a tilleadb a suas an taobb a tbainig mi." Slieall na b-uaiilsean eir an Rigb agus eir cacba cbeilc, agus sbeall an Rigb orra, acb cba d' tbuirt duine diog. Labbair a sin mac an Rigb agus tbuirt e, "Nacb coir coimbead a macb fiacb coid e"m fuath tba siod, no fiacb coid e is matbas dba." " Is coir coimb- ead a macb gu dearbb " orsa na h-urracba mora. Nuair a sbealladb a mach bha an greigbear a suas ri aghaidb na beinne mu cboineamb taigh an Rigb. Dbearc'ad air gus an deach e as an sealladh. Thill iad a sin is taigh. " Tba siod fior gu leoir a Rigb Cboinnicb. Tba aingeal o neamb a siod gu beucaidb. Toisich thus air na Piocaicb agus bitbidb sinne leat agus cha'n fbag sinn Piocach beo an Albainn." Sgaoil na h-urracba mora dacbaidh a chruinneachdadh an cuid sluaigb agus airm. Tbainig iad adb ionnsuidh an Righ le'n coisridhj le'n eachraidh agus le 'm marcraidb. Shin iad fhein agus an Rigb a sin air na Piocaicb gus nacb d'fhagadh Piocach beo as an deogbaidb an Albainn. — Sin an sgrios mu dbeireadh a thugadh eir na Piocaicb. NAIDHEACHDAN. Bhrist teine macb ann am Boston, a rinn mor chall araon do bbeatha dhaoine agus do cheannacbd. Cba mu'n cuairt do ochd ciad taigh a' losgadh — a chuid bu mho dhiubb, taighean maileirt. 'S gann gu'n deach roineag chloimhe fha- gail am baile Ehoston, gun losgadh. Ni rao a cba brogan (no leathar gu an deanamb) fbagail. Ged a cba na h- urrad de thaighean a' losgadh, cba robh acb mu'n cuairt do dha chiad pearsa gun dacbaidh an deigh an teine — oir, mar a dh' ainmich sinn 'siad na b-aitean maileirt a cba 'm milleadh. Cba, aig a chuid a's lugba, luach ceithir fichead muillean dollair airgid a chall ! Cba sluagh a chiurradh an la roimhe, aig Bail'-Eoghainn faisg air Inbhir- feotbarainn le da charbad iaruinn a bhuail a cheile. Cha deach gin a mharbhadb,ach cbabcag'ancbnainibean a bhristeadh. Gu sealbbacb^ bha leigb- ich air a' charbad aig an am, agus chleachde'eolasguduineil — niachoisinn da mor chliu o gach neach. Cba bu luaithe "'cho-bbuair' na carbaid na chuireadh dealan-fbios do Inbhirnis a dh'innseadh an tubaist. Gun uin a chall cha carbad Ian lucbd oibreach a chur gu Bail'-Eoghainn, agus cha b' fhada 'bhathas ag cur gach ni 'n a aite fein. Bitbidb ar liicbd-leughaidb toil- ichte cbluinntinn gu'm bheil am fior Gbaidheal Alasdair Mac-Neacail, am fear lagba, a' dol a dh' fbagail Dhun- Eidin do aite na's fearr da. Tba fios aig ar leughadairean cheana, air cho measail 'sa tba e air a' Ghailig; agus gun teagamb bi deagh chuimbne aca air " Ruatbar Mhic-Mhuirich," eadar- ■ theangaichte leis-san, agus clo-bbuailte 268 AN GATDHEAL. Dara Jlios a' Glieamhraidh,l872. 'sa' cLoigeamh aireamh de'n Ghaidii- EAL. Tha c dol do shiorramaclid Kirkcudbright, gu dreucbd moran as tairbhiche na 'dhreuchd an Dun-Eidin. 'Se Mac-Neacail a shuidh an uiridh 'sa' chatliair aig coinncamli bhliadhnail nan Gaidbeal, an Grianaig, 's air deireadb oran a cba dbcanamb air son an aobbair, blia'n rann sec : " 'Si ar durachd do Mbac-Neacail, Gu'u ruig e dhacbaidh gu sabbailt; Tba ar suil ri 't'baicinn fbatbasd 'Na sbuidbe an catbar is airde." Tba e gu "suidbe an catbar is airde" gun dail, agus tba sinn cinnteacb gu'm bbeil dcagb-dburacbd gacb Gaidbeal maille ris. Mar cbitbeadb ar lucbd-leugbaidb litir a' " Ghille Dliuibb " 'san aii'eamb mu dbeireadb de'n Gbaidb- eal, tha Gaidbeil Gbrianaig a' stri ri ComunnGaidhealacii a cbur suas anns a' bbaile sin. Gun teagamb sa bitb bbiodb e gle iomcliuidb gu'm biodb ni- eigin de'n t-seorsa ann am baile anns am bbeil na b-urrad de'r lucbd-dutbcba ri Grianaig : cba'n e nibain gu'm bbeil e ioracbuidh, acb gu'm bbeil e nair nacb robb e ann o cbionn fbada. Air an aobbar sin, tba sinn an dòcbas gu'm bi comunn maiseacb Gaidbealacb an Gria- naig gun dail, agus nacb bi na Gaidbeil dearmadacb air fritbealadb air anns gacb duigb 'n an comas. Cba an long a' '■'■Forest chief' a Halifax a cball air eilean lie. Bba i (\ tigbinn a America Ian de gbràn Im- seanacb, do cbcann tuatb Eirinn. Bia i air a' luasgadb leis an stoirm gbailbl- eacb fad na sligbe a' tigbinn ; acb ar d'i bbi gu malb air a b-agbaidh troimh na cbuan Eirinneacb, cba i dhetb a sail, cba' lucbd troimh-cbeile, 's laidb e air taobb an fbasgatb air mbodb agus gur gann a gheobbadb a sail greim ged bbiodb e fiatbacb. Fbuair a sgioba uile — acb aon fbear — air tir. Ged bba iad air dbrocb gbreigbeadb, fbuair iad gacli corabnadb an *' eilean glas an fbeoir," agus a sin cbaidb iad do Liverpool. Bba 'n cruinneacbd anabarracb tair- bbeacb an America air a' bbliadbna seo — a' leitbid de bbarr cba cbuimbneach leinn, eadbon da cbiad a's da-f bicbead muillean buiseil. Tba'n aimsir gle cbaocblaideach daonnan — tbeagamb raaduinn gbrian- acb, bblatli, a's uisge 'm anmocb ; no lianagaicb sbneacbda 'sa' mbaduinn a's aiteamb am oidbcbe. Tba'n cruin- ncacb daor ; tba mbin bbo ocbd tastain diag a's sia sgillinn gu nota 'm bolla. Tba pris mbor air feudail a's meanbh- cbrodb. Tba'n fbeoil fuatbasacb daor — cbo daor agus gu'm bbeil moran 's na bailtean nacb eil comasacb air a faigbinn idir. Tba'n gual cbo daor agus gu'm bbeil mor fbarmad aig muinntir nam bailtean ris an fbeadh- ainn aig am bbeil pailteas moinc air an diitbaicli. NUADH ORAN. Air a dbeanamb Do Eiridb a macb America, le Dunncbadb Ceanaldeacb Maigbistirsgoil 'am Meileart. Luinneag Hem lil o lil lio ro bi, Hera lil lil bo ro bi, Hem lil o lil bo ro bi, Gur coma ro cboma leam cogadb no sitb. 'S c cogadb dubb, deuracb, na b-eiridb a macb, A tbòisicb gun aobbar cbum daoine 'sgatb as, Air an t-seacbdamb-ceud-deug do INIbac Dbe 'tbigb'nn a flath, Ccitbir deug 'us tri ficbcad air imeacbd a seacb. Gheamhraidh, 1872. AN GAIDHEAL. 2G9 Eadar Mòr Bhreatunn 's America thall, Mu chisean beag eigin a dh' fheuraadh an t-arm, A choimhead a sith-thaimh 's gach tir a ta ann, 'S a chomhrag nan Innseanach dhionadh an ceann. Cha-n iochdadh na h-ioclulrain ud cisean no cain, Ach bhitheadh iad neo-cheangailt' ri Sasunn 's ri 'gnatb, A reachd no ceart-cboir-sa cba deonaicbt'gu brutb, A dbionadb 's a cbòmbrag a' cboir ann an Uximb. Bu tair leis an uacbdaran uasal, an Eigb, 'S le' cbomhuirlicb uile nacb buidbinnt' a' cbis ; Ged nacb robb i gu sta-san, no db' aracb na riogb'cbd, Acb cbum am maitb fein, ged nacb b' leir dhoibb a brigb. An sin cbuir a Mboracbd dream f bogbkiimte nunn, Gu sitb-reite a cblosdadb 'us cordadb air suira, A bbitb'db gu'm maitb fein 's nacb èignicbt' tbar tuinn, Acb db'aicbein na b-eucoraicb, 's db' eigb combrag ruinn. An tratb nacb robb againn acb catbacb' no call, An diitbaicb mbor agbrabor, 's na pbaigb sinn d' a ceann, 'Se rogbnuicb sinn eiridli, o'n b'cigin bba ann, 'S gu'ra faiceadb na reubalaicb eucbdan ar lann. An cuaLa riamb combrag na's bronaicb na tb'ann, 'N tratb b' eigin do Dbeors' dol a stroicimli a chlann, Rinn an dion ann a cbleit anns gacb greadan o naimb 'S a thug eideadb 'us Ion doibb 'n tratb b'og' 'us a b' fhann. O an-iochd nam Frangacb cbaidh 'n dion anns gacb cruas, O Spainticb, o Gbiosaicb, 'so Innscanaich ruadb' ; Cbaidb an sitb 'us an saorsa a sliaoradb le buaidb, Ged a cbaidb an claonadb gu baotbail gu fuatb. Acb db'fbas iadsan uaibbreacb, 'us uailleil a 'n stor, '8 an cridbe niear, reauibar, le gean agus sogb ; Air cbor 's gu'n do cbuiticb le dùracbd an dorn, Do mbatbair an diitbcba, a cbuinn doibb an t-or. 'S ann a db'f baodar an donas a cboimeas gu leir, Ris a' mbac struitbeacb òlnibor bu gbòracb 'na bbeus ; Ged bu mbuirneacb diia 'atbair le b-aidbear 'us speis, Cba-n fbogbnadb sud dbasan acb a pborsan dba t'bòin. 'N tratb sbluig' a mbi-stuamacbd o'n truagban a mliaoin, Tbug gainne agus dolum dba eolas maraon, Air easumblacbd dbasan a db' hraicb e maotb, 'S a tbaisbein dba grks gu ro gbairdeacbail, caomb. Ghrad tbeicb e gu 'atbair gun spionnadb gun treoir, 'Nuair bba e 'dol bas anns an fbasacb gun Ion ; Am broineagan groda 'na eillbireacb broin, 'S a' toirmeasg a cbantainn a mbac dbe na's mo. Tbuit an t-iompaicbte truagb ann an luaitbre air an fbeur, A' guil 'us a' caoineadli 's b'e aogasg an t-eug; Ag aidmbeacb a dbòbbearta mora gu leir 'S ag guidbeadb lan-mbaitbeanais, 's gealladb nacb treig. 270 AN GAIDHEAL. x)an> M.,V 0>.ea...,dMS7. S amhail sin 's mar a tharlas do'n ghraiag ud fa dheoidh, Ge h-uaiblireach ro statoil an tabhachd 's an treoir; Feith, 'us chitear iad fliathasd a' gal 'us a' bron, Air son gach mor thruaighe thug uaill ann an coir. Nach iomadh ceud curaidh thug cuiridhnean ard, Do'n bhuidhinn an-fbcile nach toilleadh a bhaigh ; Gu tighinn fo fiiasgath am brataich 'us tamh, O dhortadh na fohi, "s bhi tairis an saimh ? Nach cruaidhean cridhe, gun tiomachadh riamh, 'S blii 'faicinn an daoine nan slaod air gach sliabh ; 'S gun truas aig an cairdean do'n arahghar o chian, O'n chaidh an truailieadh le fuath 'us drocli mhiann? Nach amaideach, gorach, an doigh air an d' fhas, lad cairdeach ri'n naimhdean, 's nach ann air an gradh ; A tha iad 'g an comhnadh gach lo' anns a' bhlar, Ach chum 'us gu'n deonaicht' dhoibh coir ann an ail' ? Nach lionmhor an truaighe o'n ghluais iad a mach, Tha 'm fearann gun bharr, 'us tha'n tain 'gan sgath' as ; An treudan 'nan spoHaibh aig oigridh nam Hath, 'S gun eideadh no comhdach tha 'n ton anns a' chath? Cha-n'eil luibh ann an achadh, no 'machair, no 'm beinn, Bha eifeachdacli, fallan, an galar no'n tinn. Nach deachaidh a tliachdadh, 's a chasgairt gun fhoinn, O'n thoisich a' charraid le gasraidh na foill. Chaidh toradli na coille an gainnead gu leir, 'Us thoirleura gu làr ann an ciiirahaig 's nan ceir, Cliaidh ceairdean, 'us malairt, 'us ceannachd gun fheum 'Us miltean a chreachadh 'bha gaisgeil gu heuchd. Ged thug iad 'n an triuir uainne diibhlain nan lann, 'S ged fliuirneisich Duidsich dhoibh fudar nach gann ; Cha gheill sinn, ach buaidhichidh suas thar an ceann, 'S mar cliomhar' buaidh-laraich bithidh liiblirais ri crann. Tha n ionmhas 'g a trà'ihadh gach la do na sloigh, Tha coimhead na Uirach 's o ghàbhadh thigh'nn oirnn ; Ach chi sinn an la nach aidhearach gleois, Luchd dhusgaidii na tuaireip, 's cha truagh leinn an dcoir. An tsùil a ni faiioid, air 'athair caomh fiiin, 'S tha 'tabhairt da mhailiair gach tiiir 'us mi-gheill, Ni filliicli an fhasaich an cràdh' as a cheil', 'S na h-iolairean oga dhiubh Ion agus beidh. Mhallaich an alhair, 's cha d' bhcannaich iad riamh, Am mathair a dh' fliòir air an dòlum gach iall ; Ann am fradharc cho ard 's nach b' aill leo an riar, O'n dh' fhas iad ro làidir air tailleandi namh fial. Fhuair gionach 'us sannt ann an cridheachaibh cruaidh, 'S nacli toilislit' gu briith iad na 's mo na 'n uaigh ; A dh' fliàsas nis torrach cur chorpaibh an t-sluaigh, 'S gheibh a'cldarsicli 's am foghnan, 's an ros caithream buaidh. {Gu bhi air a leantainn 'san ath aireamh.) ENGLISH DEPARTMENT. DECEMBER, 1872. GAELIC LORE. Whilst we are keenly alive to the rights and interests of the Gaelic race, and ready at all times to do battle with those who traduce or contemn our people, we are also solicitous that Highlanders should manfully discharge the duties Avhich they owe to the rest of mankind. Celtic mind has shone, no doubt, in every department of thought, as certainly as Celtic vigour and skill have accomplished their fair share of the physical work of the world ; but we are self-abasing enough to confess that, of the purely charac- teristic products of Celtic genius, which are in an especial degree incorporated with the Gaelic language, compara- tively little V^s as yet been contributed to the common stock of human know- ledge. Every intelligent Highlander knows that, whether we refer to the facts or the ideas, the philosophy or the fancy, or limit our thoughts to the mere etymology of the language, there is a vast amount of treasure among us, from want of which pliilologists, ar- cha3ologists, historians, ethnologists, and sociologists are at a loss. Numbers of these builders of science and philosophy are looking across the mountains and the seas to the Highlands of Scotland, to Ireland, to the Isle of Man, and to "Wales, but particularly to those who speak the Gaelic language, for assist- ance which Celts alone can afford. This is an important fact in the high intellectual commerce of men ; and although it may be somewhat depress- ing to think that we have been so remiss in times past, as in any measure to neglect this part of our work, it is encouraging to those who have struggled against an evil anti- Celtic current of tliought, to find that their countrymen are so much looked up to in the world of intellect. One of the most common reproaches with which Highlanders were wont to be assailed was, that there was nothing of value in the language which they spoke. It did not matter much that this allegation was made by persons altogether incom- petent to pronounce a worthy opinion on the subject, the opinion was all the more positively asserted, that it was becomingly fortified by the most obdu- rate ignorance. It has repeatedly struck us as very remarkable that persons should so often feel themselves competent to pronounce judgment in Celtic matters, even when their own ignorance was most palpable. As if the Goth should say, "I know nothing about the matter, therefore there is notiiing in it." There is a very important question connected with this assumption, to which we may, at some future time, call attention. How did this assumption arise? Was it a mere intellectual mistake, or a criminal policy? A curious example of the potency of this assumption occurred in the leadino; columns of the Scotsman, when the Irish Land Question was under discussion, some time previous to the passing of Mr Gladstone's great Land Act. The Scotsman editor has long been notorious for his furiously hostile feelings towards Irish Celts, as well as towards Highlanders ; and at that time he was violently opposed to anything 272 THE GAEL. Dec, 1872. j being done to modify for the better a system of land occupancy, wliich was rapidly desolating the country. So, when hard pressed by certain Scotch- men, who spoke from personal know- ledge of Ireland, tlie editor carried out the assumption of which we have been speaking, the length of saying, that personal knowledge of Irish affairs was a positive disqualification. This, of course, was only saying, in his own way, what numbers of others had felt. It must, however, have been accepted by the Scotsman and his clients, as a re- markable evidence of the perverseness of the human mind — of the law-making mind in particular — that the House of Commons, with Mr Gladstone at its head, acted on the opiniohs of those qualified by personal knowledge, rather thanuponthesuperior judgment of those far reaioved from the force of facts. This is more than a curiosity : it should be a warning to those who fortify themselves in their strongholds of pre- judice and ignorance, and should make them a little less confident of the power of the assumption before us. They may, like the Scotsman, have to bow down before the hard and unpalatable facts, wlicn the submission will be a humiliation and a reproach. Better for them to think beforehand, even if they should have to acknowledge the force of facts, and bow to reason rather than in ignoble defeat. Just as certainly as the opinionistson the Irish Land Ques- tion had to bow before the obnoxious facts, so will the contemners of High- landers, their speech and their polity, have to give way to the force of facts already acknowledged by the most enlightened men in Europe. It is in reference to these facts that Highlanders are now called upon to gather up all their lore ; to stereotype for distant and future generations the thoughts which glowed in the bosoms of their forefathers ; to preserve their speech from decay ; and to let the wide world have the benefit of the "light of other days,'' which that speech alone is able to shed upon other languages, his- tories, and peoples. Highlanders must essay a suitable response to these de- mands ; and, in order to do this, there must be some recognized organization. Highlanders must come to an under- standing as to what it is exactly that they are to contribute to the general stock of knowledge. They must map out the field from which they are to reap, and they must look for the reapers, and assign to each, if possible, his own work. This is work, it will be seen at once, worthy of philosophers and of patriots. It will be a great part of the vindica- tion of the Celtic character which they owe to themselves. And, in labouring to confer benefits upon others, we shall be doing something towards removing that self-esteem of our people, from the depression of which, more than from anything else in themselves, they have fallen behind in the world's march. After being so often and for so long told that they were of no value, and that their chief mental possessions were drags upon them, it must have an en- couraging eflTect upon them to be told that they and those possessions are valued by the most competent judges. They are an important portion of the human family ; their ideas are valuable, their imaginings, even, are in requisi- tion, and the world waits until their speech sheds its light on the path of human progress. In a thousand ways will these convictions put fresh energy into their hands, and send commercial life through the Gaelic communities of the north. A very large proportion of our duty to ourselves is pertbrmed im- mediately towards others. We sow the seed, in the shape of duty, in other men, and the fruits fall, in course of time, ripe into our own laps. To the curious, to the leisurely, to the intellectual all over the Highlands, THE GAEL. 273 we would appeal, to gather up the lore which lies thick as autumn leaves around them, and help us as a people to discharge the duty, and sow the par- ticular seed of which we write. No doubt there are difficulties in the way. One of the results of the systematic repression of everything Highland has been that the poor people shrink from acknowledging what they know, and from exposing themselves to the ridi- cule of their more egotistical neighbours. Hence, tlie secretiveness which every collector of sgeulachdan has found barr- ing his access to the Highland mind. And what has been induced by fear of the ridicule of the profane has been strengthened ])y the denunciations of some of the clergy. From Carswell downwards, numbers of the most re- vered among our Highland ministers have denounced as sinful the practice of devoting to sgeulachd, the time due to religious duties. This gave a kind of religious sanction to the criminal philosophy invented by the enemies of the Gael, for their own selfish purposes. Hence, in a great number of instances, it is only by stratagem, that the best repositories can be got at. But things Lave materially altered : among the most able and zealous advocates of the claims of everything distinctively Celtic, we are now able to class num- bers of our Highland clergy of diflfer- ent churches. The ban of the church may be said to have been removed, when Dr MacLauchlan, Dr Clerk, Mr Stewart, Mr Mackenzie, Mr Cameron, Mr Ross, Mr Blair, and numbers of others come forward to recommend the study of Gaelic literature. The devo- tion of these men to the inspired "Word of God has only intensified and ele- vated their appreciation of the treasures which God has oifered to the world through the medium of the Celtic mind. Notwithstanding the opposition pro- ! voked, at the time, by Macpherson's 1 Ossianic publications, they set in motion i a regular succession of influences which Mammon has not been able to stop. A striking eflfect appears in Scandinavia, as we write : the second Oscar ascends the throne of Sweden. Napoleon the Great carried the Highland poems of Ossian about with him as if they afforded him the higliest models. Bernadotte called his own son after Ossian's son, and he again gave the same name to his son, now Oscar ! These poems have over and over again been translated into French. >So they have into Italian and other languages ; and, as we mentioned in our October issue, Signer Priolo, an Italian artist, has, as he says himself, discovered in Ossian a rich mine for pictorial illustration, and he has set about working the mine. AVe wish him success. Dr White, of Waterford, a professor of music, has adapted Comala for the stage, producing a beautiful opera, with airs, and pictorial scenery. "We hope to be able to make fuller reference to Dr White's version of Comala in another issue. Mr Camp- bell, of Islay, has, by his labours, placed our most simple tales on a level with those which the Brothers Grimm have rescued from decay in other lands ; and whilst he has himself saved a large mass of matter from oblivion, he has raised, as we may say, the market value of what has yet to be gathered, and en- couraged others in the same work. But we have outrun our space ; and all we shall say further is, " Let our Gaelic friends do their duty to them- selves and to other races, by rescuing, as quickly as possible, those treasures which will prove a gain to others, and a credit to themselves." THE PLACE OF THE CELTIC. (From a forthcoming work, entitled a " Survey of the Celtic Languages," by the Rev. William Ross, F.S. A.S.) If we cast our eye over a linguistic map of the world, we cannot fail to 274 THE GAEL. Dec, 1871. note that there exists a vast number of languages, and that all of them have certain geographical relations to each other. AYe are not warranted to con- clude that because of their proximity to each other, they are on that account so intimately related as to be one in struc- ture or form — one in the materials of which they are composed, nor yet one in the sense of a common progeny, with diverse lineaments, owning a common parentage. Such a conclusion can only be arrived at on scientific grounds when the science of language shall have attained its majority, and the languages of earth have been analysed and com- pared. A careful and accurate study of any one form of speech will lead us to see, that, although the great bulk of the language may consist of materials of native growth and character, yet a considerable portion is to be traced to the incursion of materials that are of a mixed character — some bearing marks of a kindred, and some clearly of a foreign extraction. If we extend our inquiries to several languages, we obtain precisely similar results. The farther we extend our survey the more likely are Ave to obtain large and reliable data upon which to found a safe induction. A tolerably accurate survey of the lan- guages which abound on the face of the earth has led to the discovery of three extensive groups or families of lan- guages, each family having its own native character, qualities, and genius. These are the Aryan or Indo-European, the Semitic, and the Turanian or AUo- phyllian languages. How far these families arc, if at all^ related to each other, the future of our science must show. The question is foreign to our present inquiry. It is enough for us to know that the Celtic language possesses characteristics wliich enable us to fix its place in the Aryan or Indo-European family. It cannot be without interest to us to inquire how, and by whom, it was discovered that our language had its legitimate place among the Aryan tongues. The discovery was not made by any merely Gaelic or Cymric scholar. Our native scholars, with one notable exception, the distinguished Edward Lhuyd, the author of the " Archasologia Britannica," were busily engaged for many years in endeavouring to prove an intimate connection between the Celtic languages and the Semitic family. In the early stages of philological studies, most linguists laboured long and diligently to show that their native tongue was the primeval speech, or at all events closely allied to it. Our Celtic scholars were no exception to the general rule. It is but just to the memory of Lhuyd, our first and perhaps greatest Celtic scholar, to observe that in his " British Etymologicon, " he clearly pointed out the affinity between the Celtic and such Indo-European languages as in his time attracted the attention of learned men. It is possible that an intimate connection may yet be found to subsist between the Aryan and Semitic families ; and if so, the Celtic may perform no mean service to the inquiries that shall issue in this result. The efforts of our native philologists were at the time, to a large extent, labour in vain. The discovery that helped to place the Celtic in its right position was that of the Sanscrit lan- guage, which took place in the year 1808. Previous to that year, it was generally supposed that there was an absolute distinction in race and lan- guage between the inhabitants of Hin- dostan and the East, and those of Europe and the West. In that year the supposed distinction was abolished. It was discovered that the Sanscrit, though dead for upwards of two thou- sand years, was the direct source of all the principal modern dialects of the Hindoos, while it, moreover, presented the closest aflinities to the language of Persia and the chief languages of Europe. Sir William Jones, the dis- THE GAEL. 275 tinguished founder of the Asiatic So- ciety, was the first to point out the probable connection which might be found to exist between the Celtic and the languages of the East. In a paper contained in the first volume of the "Asiatic Researches" (p. 442), he says, " The Sanscrit language, whatever may be its antiquity, is of a wonderful structure : more perfect than the Greek, more copious than the Latin, and more exquisitely refined than either, yet bearing to both of them a stronger affinity, both in the roots of verbs and in the forms of grammar, than could have been produced by accident; so strong that no philologer could examine all the three without believing them to have sprung from some common source, which, perhaps, no longer exists. There is a similar reason, though not quite so forcible, for supposing that both the Gothic and the Celtic, though blended with a different idiom, had the same origin with the Sanskrit. The old Persian may be added to the same family." The next in order who secured the attention of scholars to a consideration of the question was Dr Pritchard, the celebrated author of a work " On the Varieties of the Human Race." We can- not value too highly the service which he rendered to the Celtic language by the publication in 1832 of his Avork on '^The Eastern Origin of the Celtic ' Nations." He says — " It will more \ evidently appear, if I am not mistaken, I that from the Celtic dialects a part of the grammatical inflections, and that a very important part, common to the } Sanscrit, the Eolic Greek, the Latin, and the Teutonic languages, are capable of an elucidation which they have never yet received." The line of evidence followed by Dr Px'it- chard, and the materials produced, were of such a character, and in such quantity, as to satisfy the most sceptical that the Celtic must find its place in the numerous cluster of speeches embraced by the Indo-Euro- pean tongues. The forty years that have elapsed since the publication of his work have only helped to confirm the position he had taken up, and largely to add to the evidence submit- ted by him. To his labours we are indebted for the first rational and scientific investigation as to the origin, place, and relations of the Celtic lan- guages. The study of the Celtic now received a new impetus, and in the right direction. A singularly clear comprehensive, and scholarly review of Dr Pritchard's book, by the late Rev. Richard Garnett, of the British Museum, in the British Quarterly Re- view for September, 1836, and valuable articles on the languages and Dialects of the British Islands, by the same au- thor, in the first and second volumes of the " Proceedings of the Philological Society of London," thoroughly con- firmed Dr Pritchard's conclusions, and supplied fresh and valuable materials, which rendered conviction irresistible. " Till lately," says Mr Garnett, speak- ing of the Celtic dialects, " they were supposed by various emi- nent scholars to form a class apart, and to have no connection whatever with the great Indo-European stock. This was strongly asserted by Colonel Vans Kennedy, and also maintained, though in rather more guarded terms, by Bopp, Pott, and Schlegel. The researches of Dr Pritchard in the "Eastern Origin of the Celtic Nations," and of Professor Pictef, of Geneva, in his truly able work " Sur I'Affinite des Langues Celtiques avec le Sanscrit," may be considered as having settled the question the other way, and as proving satisfactorily that the assertion of thephilologistsabovementionedjwere those of persons who had never pro- perly investigated the matter, and were consequently incompetent to decide upon it. The demoustratioa of Pictet 276 THE GAEL. is so complete that the German scholars, who had previously denied the connection, now fully admit it, and several of them have written elaborate treatises showing more affinities be- tween Celtic and Sanscrit than perhaps really exist." (Philological Essays, p. 147.) The result of the publication of the works of Dr Pitchard and Pro- fessor Pictet were of the most satisfac- tory character, and finally established the position of the Celtic as one of the Aryan tongues. At the same time, it must be conceded that several very striking coincidences between the Cel- tic and the Hebrew have been pointed out, while it is undeniable that the evidence hitherto adduced in support of the great mass of alleged resem- blances is unsatisfactory, and, in not a few instances, entirely illusory. The Celtic language possesses for us not merely a general, but a special and deep patriotic interest. It was among the first, if not the very earliest, to part company with its kindred, and to re- move from the ancient fatherland. It was among the first to furnish names for the beetling cliffs, towering bens, shaded valleys, flowing streams, wind- ing pathways, and thriving homesteads, of the continent of Europe — names which may even yet be distinguished as underlying the superficial deposits of Teutonic, Romanic, and Slavonic designations. Its vocabulary also sup- plied no small number of the terms that describe the social relations, and the arts of husbandry and war. As the parent imparts his lifeblood to his off- spring, and the pioneer the results and value of his discoveries to his succes- sors, so did the Celtic tribes hand over their treasures to those who tracked their footsteps and took possession of their lands and homes. These coura- geous and numerous tribes formed the van and centre in the great exodus of the European nations from their home in the East. They were impinged upon by the Teutons on the North, by the Greeks and Romans on the South, while they were pushed forward by the lower Teutonic, Windic, and Illyric tribes, which took up the rear. The pres- sure of these various migrations drove the Celts to the West, and their further advance was for a time stopped by the Atlantic ocean, and their colonisation, by the occupancy of Great Britain and Ireland. COHHESPOHDENCE. Sir, — I hear that the Rev. Archd. Farquharson is trying to stir up the Highland people to make an efitort to establish a Gaelic professorship in one of our Scottish Universities. It is high time that areally serious effort were made, and every true Highlander will wish Mr Farquharson God-speed, and hope that his efforts will meet with the most brilliant success. And it is to be hoped that such success will be the means of rescuing the Gaelic language from the contempt in which it is too frequently held by so many of those of whom better might have been expected. If we contrast the conduct of the Welsh people in regard to their lan- guage and the conduct of the High- landers in regard to theirs, I am afraid the contrast willnotredound tothecredit of the latter. The Welsh, although away from their own country for years, ay, and even for several generations, in Liverpool, London, or elsewhere, teach their native language to their children with a noble patriotism and true fidelity. Many Highlanders, on the contrary, even when residing in their own country, and amongst a Gaelic speaking people, if they think them- selves in any way better than their neighbours, seem (with the most con- temptible snobbishness) to consider it I quite beneath their dignity to allow their children to learn Gaelic, as if they THE GAEL. 277 , considered the Gaelic people a con- quered and subjugated race ; and a most downtrodden and ill-used race they undoubtedly are in many respects. Even men whose chief claim to distinc- j tion is derived from their knowledge of Gaelic, have yet exhibited so much contempt for the language from which they derive their fame, as to deem it quite unworthy of the trouble of teach- ing it to their children. If such be the example of men of learning and distinc- tion what can you expect of mere shoddy upstarts? How much of the blame for this shameful state of matters rests with the mitural leaders of the people, the landlords ? — how much Avith their hired leaders, the clergy ? — I will not venture to say. This much we know, that some of the ministers would evi- dently be very glad to get rid of the language altogether. And of the landlords (with a few noble ex- ceptions, such as the Duke of Athole, Cluny Macpherson, and a few others) how few of them know a single word of the language of the people by whom they are surrounded, or teach it to their children ? Oh, but you will say, they are too busy " preserving their game and collecting their rents to think of anything so contemptible as the Gaelic!" And yet, forsooth, they plume themselves on being chiefs and leaders ! How can they be chiefs among, or leaders to, a people with whom they have so little sympathj', so little in common, whose very language they do not understand ? But surely, notwithstanding much game and greed, there are still some true patriots amongst the landlords. And, I believe, notwithstanding much indolence, tradi- tional nai'vowness, Jaissezfaire, and even snobbishness, there are many public- spirited men amongst the clergy. But, 1 if not — if none of the so-called leaders I will lead — why should not the people take the matter up themselves, and, by associatingtogether, stimulate each other in true patriotism and in love of their own beautiful language, bidding defi- ance to all despisers and oppressors of their country and language. Why should there not be Gaelic societies in all the Highland towns and villages like the now flourishing one in Inverness? I hope to see much good accrue to the Gaelic from your valuable paper ; mich also from a Gaelic professorship, and even still more from the people laking the matter up in a public-spirited manner. Have they still patriotism enough to do so ? — Yours very truly, J. F. London, Oct. 30, 1872. A CHALLEXGE TO THE CLANS. Shrewsbury, 13th November, 1872. My Dear Sir, Following up the offer I made in a previous commuuication to you, with regard to the proposed " GaeUc Comparative Lexicon,'' four more Mackays promise to contribute £20 towards it. I can rely upon obtaining material assist- ance from at least twenty more of the same name, of my personal acquaintances. Now for the members of other clan names to come forward with their counten- ance and support. " Who gives quickly, gives twice." Should each clan contribute, on an average, £50, the work can be under- taken and completed. Pray continue agitating the scheme. Surely Highlanders are not so dead to the value of such a work as to hold back, wkcn it is so necessary to come forward. — Ever yours sincerely, John Mackay. NEWS OF THE HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS. Greexocic. — Gaelic - Soiree. — The second Gaelic soiree and concert under the auspices of Tir Nam Beann Lodge I.O.G.T. was recently held here. Brother Duncan Macpherson occupied the chair. After tea, the Chairman, Brother Macneil, and others, addressed the meeting. To add to the enjoyment of the evening, Brothers Camp- bell and jMacfarlaue played piobrachs ; and Brothers Blue and Black, &c., sang 278 TPIE GAEL. Dec, 187J. occasional songs. All were delighted, and the meeting -was a great success. Oban. — "\Vc observe that Professor Blackie generously offers a prize of two guineas to the best Gaelic scholar in Mr MacDougall's Gaelic class. The text-book is D. B. Maclntyre's songs, and the exa- mination is to come off in October, 1873. We hope that our friends in other parts of the Highlands will take an example of those in Oban, and start Gaelic classes to qualify themselves in the language of their forefathers. Grand IIigiii.and Gatiieking. — Asrnay be seen from our advertising columns, a grand assembly of the natives of Ross-shire, in Glasgow, is to be held this year, on the 27th December, when Kenneth ]\Iurray, Esq., of Geanies, will preside. Under the presidency of so qualified a gentleman, com- bined with the well known enthusiasm of the committee and their indefatigable secretary, Mr Ross, we have no doubt it will be eminently successful : and it only remains for us to add that vre cordially recommend all who desire to spend a happy evening to procure their tickets as early as possible. THE TUAM NEWS ON THU GAEL. ^Ye have this week received from the publishers, Nicholson & Co., 7-i Argyle St., Glasgow, a copy of a new Gaelic periodical or newspaper in Gaelic. It is called "An Gaidheal ; Pàpèir Nuaidheachta, agus Leabhar-sgeuil Gaidhealach." It is pub- lished only monthly, and we are reminded that this copy before us is that for Novem- ber, by the words, " Ceud mios an Gheamh- raidh, 1872." We bid the Gaelic newspaper ten thousand welcomes — " ceud mile failte," say we, in the language of the Gael of Ireland. " Se do bheatha a phapeir nuai- dheachta aig teact chugainn a n oir as tir na sean-Gaedhal, as tir na h-Albaine, as tir Cholumb-cillo, aL'us ar muinlire fein. Sc do bhf atha. Is raait linn go bh-fuil tu a lathair. Bi slan." We take it as a favourable omen this publication from the pens of our High- land friends. It will tend to unite the clan of the Gael in the North of Caledonia ; it will be a mes.=;cngor of fraternity between the old Gaels of Eire, or Scotia Major, and the younger branch, the Gaels of Scotia 3\Tinor. 'Ihere was a time when the people of Scotland were in accord with the Milesian stock in Ireland. Theyhad a right to be one; they were originally of one stock, they spoke a common language. Irishmen taught them the Christian faith — Coluraba, an Irish monk, evangeliaid them. Zona, peopled by Irishmen, taught them the arts and sciences and religion. The Highland Gaels deserve the thanks of Irishmen for this example of national life and national union. It is a sign of national life. It is the expression of national unity, to a certain extent, and of national life, of Home Pvule — of a people distinct from, though united with, the people of England. It is an effort to be like Wales. Where is Ireland in the race of national distinctness? Where is her Irish national press? are we fairly snuff'ed out as a people ? We are no where. No echo of the past bearin<r on the present. No vocal link uniting the times of old with the glories and the defeats and victories to the present %vith its aspirations for unity, for Home Rule, and for national life. Is the national pulse dead? Is the silent breath- ing of dissolution in the throat and in the heart of the nation? No Irish voice — no pen? No word of the Gaelic? Yes, ÌQ Connaught and in Munster there are still thousands who are alive, and who will foster the dying nation, and will yet restore her to a sound healthy existeace. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. R. M. — Your verses may soon appear. S. G. — The "Historical Geography of the Clans of Scotland"' is published by W. k A. K. Johnstone, Edinburgh. The map is well executed, and the con- tents to the letter-press varied. The price is only 7s Cd. " Ddnedin." — You forgot to send your name and address. Do so, and we may do something for you. Letter by Mr Edmunds, author of " Names of Places," in reply to Colonel Robertson's article in the November Gael, shall appear in our next. D. W. F. London. — We shall inquire. M. Campbell, Cape Breton. — The , History of the Isle of Skye, by the late Alexander Cameron, is published by E. Forsyth, Inverness. Price Gs. I Leabh.] TREAS MIOS A' GHEAMHRAIDH, 1873. [11 AlR. AIR CRUINN - MHEALLABH SOILLSEACH NAN SPEUR. III. Earrann. AIR CO-SHUIDHEACHADH BHEX- UIS AG US NA TALMEAINN. An uair a bheachdaiclaeas sinn le curam air na neamhaibli 03 ar ceann, far am bheil na milte grian, rionnag, agus reult, a' tilgeadh a mach an solais air feadh na cruitheachd, agus far am bheil iad gu leir air an suidheachadh gu h-eagnaidh, agus a' siubhal gu riaghail- teacli 'n an cuairtibh eug-samhla fein, is ceart a dh' fheudas sinn eigheach a mach maille ri SalmaJair binn Israeil — " Cia lionmhor t-oibre, a Thighearna! ann an gliocas rinn thu iad gu leir," " agus molaidh t' oibre gu leir thu." Tha cumhacbd neo-chriochnaichte leh- obhaih air 'fhoillseachadh d'ar sealladh, agus d'ar tuigse, air mhodb miorbhuil- each, leis na solusaibh a ta 'triall gu neo - mhearachdach 'n an cuairtibh sònruichte, agus a ta, mar sin, a' co- lionadh na criche air son an d' rinneadb iad air tiis! Co, uime sin, aig am bheil comus amhairc air na comharaibh mòr agus soillseach so, gun a bhi a' beachd-smuiineachadh air bith, air Ihthaireachd, agus air cumhachd an Ti sin, trid am bheil gach ni anns na neamhaibh, agus air an talamh, a' co- sheasarah? Air an aobhar sin, ''Biodh ard chliu Dhe ann am beul nan uile, moladh iad e air son a ghniomhara treuna — moladh iad e ann an speuraibh a chumhachd." Air duinn cunntas a thoirt 's an ear- rainn mu dheireadh, air an reult Mer- curi, on is i a's dluithe do'n ghrein, labh- raidh sinn, a nis air Bhenus, an ath reult ann an ordugh. Tha'n reul dhealrach so a' cuairteachadh na greine ann an cearcall a ta ochd agus tri fichead muillean de mliiltibh air astar uaipe ; agus tha i a' triall air a slighe mu thimchioll ceithir fichead mile de mhiltibh anns an uair! Tha i seachd. mile agus ochd ceud de mhiltibh troipe, a' cur car di air a mul fein ann an ceithir uairean -fichead, agus a' crioch- nachadh a turuis mu'n ghrein ann an da cheud agus ceithir latha fichead gu leth de na laithibh againn-ne, iiine a ta 'deanamh suas na bliadhna aice-se. 'S i Bhenus. de gach uile reult, a's faigse do'n talamh againne-ne, air an aobhar sin chithear mor agus dealrach i an coimeas ri aon air bith eile de na reul- taibh! Theirear, mar a's trice, an reult-mhaidne, agus fheasgair, rithe so. An uair a bliios i an iar air a' ghrein, chithear anns a' mhadainn i, agus an uair a bhios i an ear air a' ghrein, cbi- thear air an fheasgair i, corr agus leth- bhliadhna m'an seach! — Cha'n 'eil Bhenus a bheag ni's lugha na'n talamh air am bheil sinne a' gluasad, ach air di a bhi ni's faigse do'n ghrein, tha barrachd teas agus soluis a' bualadh oirre, na tha air an talamh! Ged nach. 'eil an reult mhaiseach so, aig astar co fad uainn-ne ris na reultaibh eile, gidh- eadh tha a deax'rsadh agus a soilleir- eachd co mor, 's nach soirbh aon ni amharc oirre leis na gloineachaibh, eaàh- on a's fearr, chum gach ni a bhuineas di a chur an ceill le fior chinnteachd. Air do na cuairtibh aig Mercuri agus Bhenus, a bhi eadar an talamh agus a' ghrian, chithear iad a' fas agus a' caith- eamh, cosmhuil ris a' ghealach ur! Tha na cuairtean anns am bheil iad a' ruith. 280 AX GAIDHEAL. Trcas Miog a' GheamhraiJh, 1S73. CO cumhann, an coiraeas ri cuairtibh nan reult eile, 's gu m blioil iad a ghnath air am faicinn am fagus do"n ghrcin, agus air uairibh tlia iad co fa- gus di 's gu'ra blieil a dearrsadh 'g am foluch gu h-iomlan o 'r scalladh ! Nach leoir na nitbe so chum gliocas neo- chrioclinuiclite an Ti a dhcalbb iad a dheanamli follaiscach do na li-uile? agus nach leoir iad chum toirt oirnne a radh, maillo ris an abstol — '• Trc chreidimh iha sinn a' tuigsinn gu'n do chruthaich- eadh na saogbail tre fhocal De, air chor do nach drinneadh nanithe achitbear do nithibb a bha ram faicinn.' --Eabh.xi.r;. Labbraidh sinn, a nis, rau"n tahvmb, a ta n a reult cosmhuil riusan a dli' ainmich sinn agus a' siubhal iiurn cuairt do'n gbrein ann an am suidbicbte! Is ball cruinn an talamb, a ta dluth air ochd mile de mliiltibb troimhe, agus CÒÌ2 thar fbichead mile de mbiltibh mun cuairt. Tba e "siubhal mu'n cuairt do'n ghrein ann an cearcall, a tba ccithir fichcad, agus coig muillean deug de mbiltibh air astar uaipe : agus gabliaidb e tri cheud, tvi fichead, agus coig laitbean, agus teann air sea uairean iline, chum aon chuairt a chur air a' gbrein, agus tha'n lune so a deanamb suas na bliadbna againne. — Ged is bras a ta 'n talamh mar so a' siubhal sea fichead uair nis luaithe na peileir gunna-mbòir gidheadb, cha 'n 'eil c idir CO luath ri Mercuri, a cbeann nach 'eil e "deanamb ach mu tbri fichead agus ochd mile dc mbiltibh anns an uair, am feadh 's a ta Mercuri "deanamb corr agus ceud mile de mbiltibh! Tha'n talamh, mar an ceudna a' tionndadh air a mbul fein, gacli uile cbeitliir uaire fichead agus mar so tba ceitbir uairean ficlicad air fad anns an latba againn-ne! Tba na nithe so uile iongantach annta fein ; ach an deigh sin tba iad fior. Cha soirbh, gidheadb, le daoinibb aineolach a thuigsinn, gu'm bheil an talamh idir a' carachadli, no 'gluasad as an aon àite. Tba iad mar a's trice s a' bharail, gu'm bheil e neo-ghluasad- I ach, am feadh 's ta a' ghrian, na rionnagan, agus fcacbd neimbe gu leir, , a' cur char diubh mu'n cuairt da! — Is i iongantach loo. mar an ceudna r'a smuaineachadh, gu'm bheil an talamh so 'n a reult, a ta 'n am beacbd-san, ni's : mo na aon air bith de na rionnagaibh I beaga, drilinneach sin, a chithear 'n am miltibh anns na speuraibh, air oidbche shoilleir. Ach tba e fior, I gu'm bheil an talamh a' gluasad air a j mbul fein, gach la; agus ann an cear- j call mu'n cuairt do'n ghrein, gach i bliadbna ; ceart luar a ta Mercuri, B/icnus, agus na reultan eile. Tba mòran an diiil, gu'm bheil a' ghrian agus na reultan, a' ruith gu luath anns na speuraibh mu'n cuairt do"n talamh, nach 'eil a' carachadli as 'aitc ; ach tba iad air am mealladb an so 'n am barail, ceart mar a ta iad, an uair a ghiixlainear iad seachad gu luath air luing an cois fearainn ; oir an sin, tha iad an dùil, nach 'eil an long a' caracbadh ; ach gu'ra bheil am fearann a ruith gu grad seacliad orra ! Dh' ainmich sinn a cheana, gur i a' ghrian a' ta toirt soluis agus teas do na reultaib buile, agus air do'n talamh so a bhi 'na reult, tha e 'mealtuinn buannacbd an t soluis agus an teas so mar an ceudna. Tha darna leth na talmhainn a ghnath air a shoillscachadh leis a' ghrcin, agus tha'n leth eile ann an dorchadas. Ach o'n tha'n talamh a' tionndadh air a mbul fein, o'n iar gus an ear, gach uile cbeitliir uaire fichead, tba solus agus doi'cbadas a' teachd oirnne mu'n seach, anns an bine sin. Mar so, tba la agus oidbche a' leantuinn acbeile; agus an uair a ta an taobh air am bheil sinne do'n chruinne-cbe, air a shoillscachadh, tba 'n taobh eile dbeth ann an dorchadas. Air an aobhar sin, an uair a bbios an lii againn-ne 's an Eilean Bhreatunnach, bithidh an oidlicbe aca 's na h-Innsibh an aird an car — ann an China i\gus ann an Australial Tha mar an ceudna, claonadb sonraichte aig mul na talmh- ainn, trid am bheil solus na greine a' Tre.is Mios a Ghcamhraidh, ; AN GAIDHEAL. 281 bualadh aigamannaibh de'n bhliadhna, air earrainn ni's lugha de cliearnaibli tuatha na talmhainn, na aig amannaibh eile ; air an aobhar sin, tha na laithean againn fada agus goirid, a reir sin. Agus feudaidh sinn a nis ainmeachadli nacli 'eil na cuairtean, na ccarcaill, no na slighean farsuing sin, anns am bheil na reultan a' siubhal mu tliimchioU na greinc, gu h-iomlan cruinn, ach air cumadh uibhe ; air an aobhar sin, tha e furast fhaicinn, an uair a ta a' glirian air a suidheachadh ann am raeadhon nan cuairt sin, gu'm bi na reultan a ta 'gluasad annta, ni's faide o'n ghrein, aig amannaibh araidh de'n bhliadhna, na aig amannaibh eile. Ceart mar so, raa ta, tlia'n talamh a' suibhal rau thim- chioU na greine, ann an cearcall a ta ni's mo ann am fad, na tha e ann an lend; uirac sin, tha e air uairibh de'n bhliadhna fad o'n glireia, agus air uairibh eile ni's giorra uaipe; agus tha so, maille ris a' chlaonadli a ta 'n a mhul fein, a' deanamh Samhraidh agus Geamhraidh, a cheann do thaobh nan astar eug-samhla a ta'n talamh o'n ghrein, nach 'eil a chearnan iomallach a' mealtuinn a soluis agus a teas, ann an tomhas co-ionann. Tha gach cuairt agus gach caochladh dliiubh so, air am faot- uinn a mach co cinnteach, agus, co eag- nuidh le rculatairibh, agus air an tomhas CO curamach leò, 's gu'm bheil fios aca air a' cheart uair agus mhionaid anns an cricchnaich gach reult a turus, agus cia CO fad 's a ta an laithean, agus am bliadhnaichean fa leth. Gu cinnteach is iomadh innleachd a fhuair an duinne a mach ; ach an deigh sin cia faoin a dhichioll, agus cia co neo-iomlan a cho- mas, chum sUghean, agus oibre an Ti ghlormhoir sin a rannsachadh a mach. A ta'na shuidhe air cuairt natalmhainn! An urrainn sinnc le rannsachadh Dia fhaigheil a mach gu h-iomlan? Feuch is iad na nithe air an robh sinn a' labh- airt, cuid d'a shlighibh ; ach cia beag a' chuibhrionn a chuala sinn deth? Sgiathanach. CALLUM A' GHLINNE. V. Earrann. Cho luath 'sa fhuair Galium cairteal- an freagarrach ann an Glaschu, an aite a bhi 'cur saachad nine, no a' caith- eamh nan gearr-bhonn a'sireadh a luchd- duthcha agus a luchd eolais o shraid gu sraid, is ann a sheall e mach airson cosnaidh, ann 'sa' cheud dol a mach ; agus cha deachaidh e ach goirid gus an do shoirbhich leis ; agus cha b' fhada gus an do choisinn e deagh-ghean agus muinighin a mhaighistir ; oir a bharr air e bhi 'n a oibriche glan, teoma,^ riaghailteach agus bunailteach, bha e smiorail, tapuidh, gradcharacli, suairce, siobhalta agus taitneach 'n a chonaltradh agus 'n a ghiùlan. Mar choigreach am measg aireandi cho mor — oir bha corr agus leth cheud fear ceairde ag obair fo'n aon fhardoich ris — dli' fhairich e gun dail cho feunail 'sa bha e dha 'bhi air 'fhaicill agus 'n a dhusgadh 'n am measg. Bha cuid dhiu nach do clieil am mi-run, an gamhlas, agus am farmad ris as leth na choisinn e de miicas agus de fhabhar o 'mhaighistir, agus o luchd- riaghlaidh na h-oibre. Bha cuid dhiu a tliaisbean o'n Iclh-a-muigh caoimh- neas agus saorsa ris, a chuir deuchainn ri h-uine air a chairiseachd air a dhuinealas, agus, air a chrionnachd. Bha caraiche sliom, seolta, 'n a!u measg d' am b' ainm Micheil Balgaire. Blia cliii agus sloin- neadh Mhicheil ann an ioma seadli co-fhreagarrach ri chcile. B' aithne dha gu gle mhath, e fein a thaisbeandh anns gach caochladh cruth agus coltais a dh'-fhaodadh a bhi freagarrach do gach suidheachadli anns an tachridh dha tuiteam. Ann an seadh araidh, bha Micheil, " na h-uile ni do na h-uilc neach," a thigeadh 'n a rathad. Bu choidheas leis cuideachd Criosduidh no Anacnosduidli,antuasal no antanuasal, an glan no an neoghlan, na 'n saoileadh e gum bu chomasach dha, le an deagh- ghean a chosnadh, an caradh no an 282 AN GATDHEAL. Treas Mios a' Gheamhraidh, 1873. aomadh airson a clirioclian cuil-bheart- ach gabhdach fein. Do neach air bith a bhiodli dri^beil air taitneasan ana- measarra a' bliaile mhoir, b'e brod a' chompanaicli agus an fhir-iùil e. Clia robli ciiil no ciiilidh uaigneach, taigh- cluicbc no seomar ciùil, no scomar dannsa an taobh a staigh do clirioclian Ghlaschu air nacb robli e niion-còlach. Cha robh clcasaiche no ban-chleas- aiche, aiuhailteacli no burraidli-abhaclid air na sgrdain-cliluiche o cbladacli gu cladacli de'n rioghachd air nacli robh tombas de fbiosrachadb aige, agus gu h-àraidh mu gacli cagarsaich sgainneal- acb no amharusacli a thaobh an cliti modhanail. B'aithne dlia o slieacbduin gu seachduin co iad na b-eicb-reise as am bu mho an robh de earbsa aig luchd na geall-chluich air fcadh na rioghachd, agus na gill a bha air an leagail an aghaidb a cheile as an leth anns gach aite fa chomhair nan reisean anns an robh iad gu ruith. B'aitime dha gach taigh osda ann 'sa' bhailefaram biodh coinneamhan diomh- air aig luchd na geall-chluich o' am gu am, agus am measg am faighte moran dc chleirich agus de ghillean bhuithean d'am bu chleachdadh a bhi ag gabhail air iasad gun chead, a cobhain-airgid am maighistircan, air chunnart a bhi air am brath agus air am maslachadh, ach daonnan ann an dochas ri buannachd fhaotainn dlioibh fein gun fhios agus gun chall d'am maighistircan. Leag Michcil a shuil air Galium o'n cheud dol-a-mach, agus ged a bha c gle shoilleir dha nach ro mor mhcas aig a cliomli sheirbhisich air Micheil, ciod air bith a b'aobhar dha, fhuair Galium e cho suairce, cho comaineach agus cho failtcach is gu'n robh e gu mor air a thaladh ris mar charaid anns am faodadh e tomlias de earbsa 'chur; ach cha bu liiaithe dh' fhairich Micheil gu'n do choisinn e a mhuinighin, na 'thaisbean c na crio- chan a bh'aigc 'san amharc anns gach caoimhncas agus cairdcas-beoil a nochd e dha. Air do Challum a bhi na choigreach agus ro dheigheil air cuid de iongantasan Ghlaschu fhaicinn, dh'aontaich e gu toileach ri dol mu'n cuairt le Micheil anns na f eas- gair ; agus gu dearbh cha b' f hurasda dha fear-iuil a b' fhearr fhaotainn ; ach air a' cheud f heasgar a ghabh iad cuairt feadh a' bhaile, cha deachaidh iad ro f hada gus an do bhuail pathadh air Micheil, agus b' f heudar taghal aig aon de thaighean osda a' Bhroomielaio airson dcoch-iirachaidli. Bha Micheil eolach air an osd-fhear — duine uasal fiiighail, coir, flathasach, agus fior Ghaidheal gu craimh an droma, agus aig am faighte smior an Ilich, gun truailleadh gun mlieasgachadh. Mu'n gann a chaidh iad thar na stairsnich bha bord-malairt nach faca Galium a leithid riamh o 'rugadh e — luchdaichte le stòpain agus le noigeanan airgid agus crystal, agus fear an taighe e-feiu gun ad gun bhoineid. gun chota gun chasag, le mnilcheanan a Icine trusta gu 'ach- laisean, agus e 'cur na smuid dheth a' taosgadh suas dibhe de gach seorsa a broinn a' bhuird-mlialairt, le geimhleag- an riomhach air an còmhdach thairis le or, le airgiod agus le iobhri. Ghuir antosd-f hear failte chridheil air Micheil, agus ceud failte air a' choigreach òg, air do Mhicheil ainm 'sa shloinneadh ainmeachadh. Sheòl e staigh iad do'n t-seomar chuil, ach anns an dol seachad thug Galium fainear do Mhicheil a' eaogadh ris an osd-fhear. 'N uair a dh' fhosgail dorus an t-seomair, bha e cheana Ian de aoidhean, dheth nach do ghabh Galium mor chiatadh : a bharr air na bha de giileadhraich agus de utaig 'n am measg, cuid a' seinn òrain, agus cuid a deasbad agus a conn- sachadh : bha fàileadh deistinneach toit tliombaca agus na min-shàbhaidh shalach lobhta leis an robh an t-urlar air a chorahdach is gu'n d' fhairich Gal- ium bochd e fein an impis a thachdaidh, thionndaidh e gu grad air a shall, le run a bhi raach air an t-sraid a dh' aon Treas Mios a' Gheamhraidh, 187 AN GAIDHEAL. 283 leum,ach bha Micheil agus an t-osdair ri 'uchd. Threòi'aich iad e a staigh do chuil bheag chumhann dhorcha far an robli bord beag aimhleathan, agus aite suidbe airson triuir no ceathrar. Rinn fear an taighe an ditb-bbeatba le sgaile a' bhotull fein, agus dh' f bag e 'nan aonar iad. Cha bu luaithe 'fbuair Micheil iotadh a cbasg air cosd Cballuim na dh' f has e rud eigin sgith, agus cha rachadh e ni b' f haideair an fheasgar ud. Am feadh a bha Micheil a' leigeil a sgios dheth, bha Galium ag eisdeachd le cluais fhurachair ris na bha del air adhart anns an t-seomar chuil, agus anns na cuiltean cumhann eile a bha fosgailte ri dorus cuil an taigh- osda. Cha b'fhada gus an cual e sgal na pioba moire ga gleusadh air taobh eile na claraidh, agus casbhruidhiun ard ghlea- dhracli de bheurla agus de ghailig am measg a cheile ; agus gun dail thainig fear an taighe staigh gun chead gun iar- raidh, don chuil 's an robh Micheil' agus Galium, le dithis no triuir comhla ris de Ghaidheil rapach, leibideach, nach robh ro sgiobalta aon chuid 'nan eideadh no 'nan conatradh. Chuir iad failte chridheil bhrosgullach air Galium, mar choigreach agus mar f hear duthcha; agas gun tuilleadh seamsain, dh' fbeum- adh e dol leo, aill ar n-aill, don t-seomar ^s an robh an ceol agus an dannsa. Thug Galium taing dhoibh airson an caoimhneis, ach dh' iarr e orra a lethsgeul a ghabhail ; agus dh' innis e dhoibh nach robh a bheag de thlachd aige 'n a leithid sud de chaith- eamh-aimsii". Chunnaic Micheil ann an tiota nach robh a chompanach gu bhi air a ribeadh aon chuid le smadadh no le mi-mhodh, agus dh'eirich e gu grad agus thuirt e ri Galium gu'n robh an t-iim a bhi 'bogadh nan gad. Ghabh e eagal, mar bu mhath a dh' fhaodadh e, gu'm faca agus gu'n cuala e air an fheas- gar ud na bu leor gu a ghraineachadh gu buileach o bhi a' tathaich air osd- fhearan Ghlaschu. Thainig eagalan Mhicheil gu Ian bhuil mar a shaoil e, oir riamh 'na dheigh sud cha chuireadh Galium air ailghios caraid no eascaraid, a chas thar stairsneach aon de mhisg thaighean Ghlaschu, mar theireadh e riu ; an aite sin is ann a bha e le buaidh 'eiseimpleir agus a chomhairle, 'na mheadhoin air ioma boganach bochd simplidh dheth a luchd duthcha a thiorcadh uatha. Cha robh e riamh na thur-sheachnuiche ; cosmhuil ri ioma ni eile, b e 'bheachf^ soilleir suidhichte nach robh aon choia cionta no cunnart ann a bhi a' gnatha- chadh deocli laidir gun a bhi ga mi- ghnathachadh ; cha mho a bheireadh e gnuis no aonta do ghluasadan no meas- arrachd fhoirneadh a dheoin na dhaindeoin air a mhor shluagh le Achd Pàrlamaid, ach rachadh e le 'uile chridhe ann an aobhar gach gluasaid d' am bu chrioch a bhi 'sguabadh air falbh no a lughdachadh aireamh misg- thaighean nan grùdairean mosach, salach, suarach, a tba cho millteach air dcagh bheusan agus airmaith coitchionn nam bailtean mora — na " h-uaighean gealaichte o'n taohh a muigh " le 'n coinnleirean meurach, agus le 'm breagh- achd dhrillseach riomhach chosdail, ach 'n taobh a staigh na'm failean malcta, le'n cuiltean salach cumhann dorcba far nach faigh coigrich no luchd astair aite tàimh no cadail, biadh no deoch, ach deoch laidir ; agus a tha 'tarruing am beolaind ach beag gu h-iomlan o struidh- eas anameasarra fotus an t-sluaigh. Be sud an co-dhunadh gus an d' thainig Galium air an fheasgar ud, mar thoradh air na chuala agus na chunnaic e an taobh a staigh do 'n taigh osda ann an cuideachd Mhicheil. Coma co dhiu — bha ribeachan eile aithnichte do Ml.icheil leis am f'aodadh Galium ma' dh' fhaodte, 'bhi air a ghlacadh. agua chuir e roimhe feum a dheanamh de gach coLhrom a thigeadh gu bhi ga tlialadh 'n an dail gu h-athaiseach le foighidinn agus le seoltachd MuiLEACH. (7?2' leaniuinn.) 284 AN GAIDHEAL. Trcas Mios a' Ghcaraliraidh, 1873. BOINEIDEAN COKRACII. DUDINDIAIGH. Air FONN " I'hc Bonnets of Bonnie Dundee." Ri Siiir Cuigpc 'n Duneidiunn Tliuirt Cl(5ibhers' mar so — Mu'n d' thig crùn an R'lgh 'nuas "S ioina cnuachd a bliios goirt ; Gach lascaire treun Leis an eibhneas glonn-ghniomli '^^is togadh air, 's leanadli e Boineid Dhuindiaigh ! FoNN — Lionar mo chopan Dearr-lionar mo chuach 'Us diolaidear m' eachraidh, A mach biodh mo shluagh ; 'Ghrad fhosglar an t-Iar-phort. 'Us leigear dhomh triall, — Tha togail fo bboineidibh Corrach Dhuindiaigh. Lcnm Cleibhers' air 'each Agus mbarcaich tre 'n t-sraid Sheinn na cluig air an ais, Bhuail gach druma le stsiirnn ; Ars' am Prothaiste coir, " Leigear foil leis a shvian, Oir 'ri raaith as ar coraunn An Rosad, Dundiagh." Lionar mo chopan, &c. Mar mbarcaich le surd Tre na Lubaith, 'n a still, Bha gach cailleach a' tathunn, 'S a' crathadh a cinn ; 'S na h-ogana gràsmhor, 'G amiiarc blath air an t-sonn, "S a guidlie 'buaidh-larach,' Do dh' Armunn nan glonn.' Lionar mo chopan, &c. Lion Cuigsichc searbh-ghnùiseach Margadii-an-f heòir ; Mar dhaoine ri'n crochadh B'e coltas a phòir, 'N uair' bha iad a' coimhead, Le goigh, 'us le fiamh, Am faiceadh iad seolladh De bhoineid Dhuindiaigh. Lionar mo chopan, &c. B'airm sleagh, 'us bior-feòla Do na ceosaich o'n lar, Agus core air bharr bata, A chasg'radh nan cliar ; Ach theich as an rathad, Le h-athadh fo dhion, Aig faotainn doibli plathadh De mhaithibh Dhiiindiaigli. Lionar mo chopan, &c. Spuir 'each gu cois craige sin, Caisteil nan stuadh, Thuirt grad ris a Cheann — Coileach sar an Taoibh-tuadh — •' Canadh ' ÌNIeig,' 'sa co-bhrath'rean, Diog bhlath'-coig no sea — A labhras teas graidli Bhoineid aird-ghuirm Dhuindiaigh. Lionar mo chopan, &c. Diuc Gordon "sin dh' iarr, ' Cean is triall dliuit a Sheoid ? ' "An ceum sin a dh'f hoillsichcas Taibhse Mhointrois! 'Us cluinnidh bluir Grasan, Gun dail ormsa sgial ; No 's iosal 's an ari'haich Boineid ard-ghorm Dhuindiaigh Lionar mo chopan, &.c. " Ma tha Moirf hearan pailt, Ann am magh-thir man Gall, Gur lionmhor Cinn-chinnidh, 'N tir ghlinnich nam beann, 'S naoi mile Duin'uasal, 'Dh' eireas "suas learn gun fhiamh 'Us iolach a thogas Air bhoineid Dhuindiaigh Lionr.r mo chopan, &c. " Air an sgeithidh tha prais — Seiche Ian chairte 'n tairbh — 'S an truaille 'tha lamh ri' Tha staillinn gun mherig ; Agus dearsaidh a' phràis, Drillidh 'n staillinn mar 'ghrian 'N uair' thogar le h-ardan Boineid ard-ghorm Dhuindiaigh. Lionar mo chopan, &c. " Air falbh thun nan coilltibh, Nan creag, 'us nam beann ; Tress Mios a' Gheamhraidii, IS AN GAIDHEAL. 285 2\i mo leaba 's an t-Saobhaidh, Mu 'n taobh le righ feall. Gabbaidh oillt, a chealg-chuigsicb, 'S gearr-mbairiann bbur rian, Db' fheobb fatbast garbb-sbeoUadh De bhoineid Dbuindiaigb." Lionar mo cbopan, &c. Chratb e ritbe nan euch^, Agus sbeid an stoc eruaidb, "Choire-dhruma bliuail bras, Am marc-sbluadb "gbrad gbluais ; Seach Stiuic Bbaile-raobbaill, Agns Raon Bhaile-cliar — Gu'n 'chailleadb, 's:in astar, Ceol tartrach Dbuindiaigb. Lionar rao cbopan, &.C. [Ead. leis an OUa Urr. Iain Mac-an- t-saoir, abba 'n Cill-Math-Nibbeig.] lOLAIRE LOCII-TPvEIG. Bha roimbe seo seann iolaire mhor a' tàinb an Aird-mbeadlioin Locb-Treig", far am minig a bba a seòrsa. Bba i liatb leis an aois bbo'n bu cbuimbne leatba ibein e ; 's bba i uime sin an dull gum b'i creutair bu shine bba beo ri linn. Acb an earalas nacb faodadb a combaois a bbi mairionn an ait eigin, chuir i roirabpe , an ciad cbotbrom a gheobbadb i, sgrib a tboirt air cbuairt. Bliadbn' a blia "n sin, tbainig an aon Oidhcbe-Bbealltuin a b' fbuaire db' fhairicb no cbunnaic i riabh, agus sraaoinieb i gum bu mbatb an leisgeul d'i e air a run-fallaicb a cbur an gmomh ; agus 's a' mbaduinn mhoich Latba-Bealltuinn sin fhein seach latba sa bitb, mu'n do bldais na h-eoin eile ant uisge, togar oirre air cheann a turuis. Cbarobb diiil bheù a tbacbradh oirre — acb nial na b-aoise bbi oirre, nach farraideadb : Am fac thu Oidhche- Bbealltuinn riabh cbo fuar ris an oidbcbe 'n raoir ? acb cban f bac a h-aon. Coma bba 'n latha as a thoiseach, 's bba i mar seo ag cumail air ah-aghart gun chluain, gun cblos gus an do thachair seann dreathandonn coir cine. " Fàilt air an dreathan, Latha buidhe Bealltuinn,'' ars ise, " am fac tbu riabh Oidbche- Bbealltuinn cbo fuar ris an oidhche 'a raoir ? " Acb sean '3 g' an robh tuar 'us dreach an dreatbain, cha b' fhiosrach e gu'm fac. Cba robh eòlas aige air creutair bu shine na e fhein ; ach cbual e gu'n robh seann ghobba-dubh blio cbian am Bun-Ruaidh, 's ma bha e fhatbast beo, gu'm bu dualacb, ma thàinig a leitbid, gu'm fac esan i ; agus sheòl e 'n ratbad dh' i. Thug i taing do 'n dreathan, agus togar oirre gu cèardacb Bhun-Ruaidh. Rainig i ; ach cha robh roimbpe ach larach fhuar — • thriall gach mith '3 gach math, acb an gobha-dubh ; 's bba esan fhein bho cbian dall leis an aois, agus an deigh toll a dheanamh 's an innean ag glanadh a ghuib. Chuir i failte na Bealltuinn air a' ghobha, 's db' innis i fath a turuis : " Am fac thu riabb," ars ise, " Oidhcbe- Bhealltuinn cbo fuar ris an oidh- che 'n raoir ?" Thug an gobha glaomadh bocbd air fhein, 's thuirt e nach faca riabh, agus nach cual e iomradh air a leitbid; ach gu'n robh- seann udlaiche bho chionn fhios c' uine tathaich Choill-Lmse ; 's gu 'n robh a cbalg air liatbadh leis an aois bho 'n bu cbuimbne leis-san a bbi na bhùta bcag a' sgiatbais air feadh nam preas. "Bu trie leis uine 's aimsir an deigh sin," ars esan, " tighinn a nail air cbeilidh orm a cbur ssachad na h- oidhche faide Geambraidb, agus a tboirt sgeòil domh air cor na diilhcha ; ach sguir sin. An turns mu dheireadb a bba e bbos, bha 'n aois cbo trom iar laidhe air, 's gu 'm beil eagal orm nach 'eil e 'n urrainn gluasad mor a dhean- amh. Thug sinn cbo fad an coimh- earsnacbd a cbeile, 's gu'n dean mi, mar a thuigeas tusa, sogan ri sbeann langan, tiichanach mar a tha, an uair a cbluinneas mi e 's a' chambanaicb. Is e creutair a's sine tha liithair an diugb fad m' aithne '3 m' eòìais ; agus ma ni thu guth aige 's an dol scacbad, innis dha fath do thuruis, agus gu'm fac thu 286 AN GAIDHEAL. Treas Mios a' Gheamhraidh, 1373. raise ; 's mur tV tli:iinisj'caocliladh air ni e do Ian di-bcatha." Dh'aithris e 'n sin d'i gnotliuichean iiraid a tliachair ri linn nan triath bu chuimhne leis am faicinn ; mu ouchdan a shiunsrean, agus mu bhuil a mhuirichinu. An uaii' a bha iad ag gabhail " raaduinn mbatli " le cbeile dli'carb 'iis dh'earail e oirre tagbal aige an atb uair a bhiodh i 'n ratbad. Gbeall i gu raodbail do'n gbobba gu'n tagbladb ; agus tbog i oirre do Choill-Innse, 's fliuair i 'nt iidlaicbe na cbriiban am fasgadb seann stuic-fbearna agus spideanan deigbe le cuinneaunan a sbròine. Chuir i fàilte na Bealltuinn air agus dh'innis i fàtb a turuis : " Am fac thu riabh,"' ars ise, '• Oidbcbe-Bbealltuinn cbo f uar ris an oidbcbe 'n raoir?' Bba 'nt iidlaicbe cbo sean 's gu'n do " leig e 'n cabar air ant sblinnean;" acb tbuirt e air a mhin-atbais nach bu cbuimbne leig gum faca riabh. Fhuair i gu faoilleacb, iuranacb e, agus dh'fhiosraich e gu caoimbneil mu'n gbobba dball. Thug iad an sin treallan air seancbus agus air sloinnteireacbd, 's bha'n iolaire dol a tbagairt urram na b-aoise ; acb an uair a bba iad a' dealacbadb, tbuirt ant iidlaicbe gu'n robli breac cam ann an locban Clioire na ceanainn, air an do chuir e eolas an triitb a bba e na laoigbean òg an cois a mbàtbar a' tigbinn a nail an Lairig-leacacb a Beinn a bbric. " Bba smalaicb na b-aoise g\v an uair sin f hcin," ars esan, " agus ma tba iiine agad, is fiacb dbut dol db' a cboimbead — is enacaiche gasd e." Is e bh' ann gu'n do tbog i rithist oirre, 's gu'n d' rainig i 'n locban. Chuir i deocbeolais air a' bhreac chain, agus db' innis i fath a tur- uis ; " Am fac thu riabh Oidbcbe- Bbealltuinn cbo fuar ris an oidbcbe 'n raoir?" Tbuirt am breac gu'm fac — aon oidhch' eile, 's gu'n robb i cbo fuar, 's ged a bha e 'n teas 'f hala 's an treine 'neart gu'm b' 6udar dba tòiseachadh air gearradh shùrdag air feadh an uisge 'chumail teas air fbein ; ''Agus," ars esan, " siirdag db' an d' thugas, leumar jis an uisge, 's buailear mo leth-cbeann ris an lie dhuibb ud tball; acb bba nimb an reotbaidh cbo dian, 's mu 'n d' fhuair mi mi f hein a thoirt air m' ais gu'n do lean mo shilil ris an lie ; 's dh' fbag sin an diugh mise cam!" An tràtb chual an iolair sco, thug i modh 'us urram na b-aoise do 'n bhreac ; agus th'iU i air a b-ais adb Aird-mheadh- oin adb aithris a ggeoil do 'n iilach òg. Chunnaic iad ioma latba geal, grian- acb an deigh sin ; acb cbo iad 's a b' urrainn d' i sgiatb a ghluasad, cba deacbaidh Latha-Bealltuinn fuar notetb seacbad oirre nach deacbaidh i tacan air cheilidb air na b-aosdai corr — an gobha, ant iidlaicbe, agus am breac. Abu A en. An Tom Buidhe, Toiseach a' Gheamhraidh, 1872. AN GAIDIIEAL" AGUS AN EALA. "An Gaidheal." A ! Eala bbàn o àros cliiar nan tonn Stad air do sgeith, 's tboir cisdeacbd uair do m' ghuth : Innis ciod e am fearann garbb nan sonn A chunnaic thu 'n uair threig thu fairge liath nan srutb. An Eala. Chnnnaic mi tball air cladach lorn na b-iar, (Bbaghrian san am a tearnadh dluth ri cuan) Treas Mioa a' Gheamhraidh, 1S73. -^-^^ IxAiDHbAL. 287 Oigfhear leis fhcin, 's a sliuil air tonnan fiar Mar neacli a dealbhadh bhriath'r, no aon a riarach smuain. " Ruithidh" thuirt e "gu luath a nuas gu sail Am fuaran ùigli ged 's yaigneach e 'sa'ghleann ; Ach o mo chridh' ! s tu 'm fuaran daonan Ian, Gun doigh 'san ruig do dhain luclid aiteach tir nam beann." Cbnnnaic mi ris 's'mi triall seach sliabb a' cheo, An t-aosd air earn bha liath-ghlas mar e fein ; Bha e mar neach a stad bhi raeasg nam beo : Mar thaibhs' an ceo nan stùc ; gidheadh 'n a sliuil bha seun A bhac mo tliriall, is dh' eisd mi ris a' glilaodh A bhris o 'bheul, 'se 'bualadh 'chas air làr: " A chuirn ! a chuirn, ged 's balbh thu 'n seo ri m' thaobh, Mor smuainte duisgidh tu air linnte aosd nan sar. "Acli ged bu leamsa spiorad mor nam bard. An cluiuneadh each gu robh mo leithid ann ? Nach bith'n mar eun leis fhein am frith nan ard Gun aon am fagus da a bheireadh freagradh fann? " Aon sealladh eile tharruing sios mb shiiil : — Maighdean 'n a h-aonar dliith ri sruthan luath, Bha 'ciabha dorch ag crith-chluich sios mu 'cfil, 'N uair sguabadh osag chiuin a nios feadh Kib nam bruach. " A shruthain aosd " cha bhris an t-aog do ghuth (Seo chuala mi 'tigh'n nios troimh'n bbarrach uain') Theid tim, am milltear, thairis ort mar chruth, Le ceimeadh samhach rain's cha chlsnich e do dhuan. '' Cha 'n ionnan thus a 's oighinnean mo thir, 'S gann gheibhear aon diubh chuireas rann r'a cheil' : Mar bhalbh-chlais lom on d'f halbh an sruth gu sior 'S tearc thig an tuil mu'n cuairt a dhuisgeas luaidh'nam boil. 'S god thogte 'n dan, an cluinnte e le sluagh. Tha nis air fuadain feadh gach uile tbir ? An cluinnt' e leo ? cha chluinn gu brath mo thruaigh ! " 'N sud dh' fhag mi i fo chlaoidh, 'smi 'caoidh an sgeil bhi fior. " An Gaidheal." A ! Eala bhàn, their as gu tir nam bard, 'S innis gu'n d' eirich teachdair nuadh dhoibh fein, A theid gach mios a mach air feadh gach aird ; Mar cholman 'falbh a's sgeulachdan fo 'sgeith. Thog mise 'bhratach : racli a's duisg na slòigh : Mar ionnsuidh còmhrag racb is gairm na trein ; Glaodh ris a' bhard, na dichuimhnich na h-oigh'n, 'S abair gur brath'r mi'n ainm, 'san spiorad mar an ccudn'. Mac-Oidhche. AN G AIDIIEAL. ,,,., ,,,3 .V Ghea.h.M,., un. "BUN-LOCHABAR." One of tlic best known, and deservedly popular, of our national quick-steps, Avlien properly played on the Piob-MhOr, is that known from earliest infancy to every Highlander as Ga'aidh sinn an rathad raor, 01c no math le each e ! An air that makes us all assume a bolder look, and feel at least an inch higher in our shoes. When deftly fingered by a master of the national instrument, it strikes upon the car, whether on the streets of the populous city, or, better still, in the far remote Highland glen, where the bracken and the birch, stirred by the fitful breeze, seem to nod responsive to the warlike notes. The refrain or burden, and first verse, have always been well known, but the reader will, we dare say, thank us for presenting him with a complete version of the old words to which the quick-step air is so fitting an accompaniment. "We took them down some years ago from the recitation of an old woman in Lome — a Janet Mac Dougall, a cousin, I think, of Allan Ball's, the celebrated Inverlochy bard. A version very much the same is in our possession, taken down from the Can- daireachd of an excellent old Highlander, the late Donald Mackenzie, North Ballachulish, better known as DonuU-a-Chaigin. The occasion of the song was this : — In 1644, a body of the Macgregors, Mac Nabs and Perthshire Stewarts marched to join Ivlontrose under the command of Major Patrick McGregor, of Glengyle, and in spite of every obstacle, and having to march through the ter- litories of ho-stile clans, they managed to join the " Great Marquis " in good time to be present at the battle of Inverlochy, where, for once at least in their lives, they had, to use the words of an old Seanachie," a good day's harvtsting /" The allusion to the Maclntyres is not to be taken as it seems. It is simply what the French call a ruse de guerre, very common at the period. The brave sons of '' Cruachan," were, in truth, friendly to the king's cause, though they dared not appear openly in the matter for fear of their powerful neighbours, the Campbells of Argyll. The bard cunningly, and quite bard-like throws in the bit of abusive defiance in the first verse, to make the Campbells believe that the Maclntyres were hated by the loyalists quite as much as they hated the Campbells them- selves. The line Bodaich mhaol' an làgain refers to certain auxiliaries from the low countries whom the Campbells called ■to their aid against Montrose, but who, along with the valiant Earl of Argyll himself, soon crossed Loch Fyne for safer quarters, whenever they heard that the loyalist Marquis intended paying them a visit (in return for many o( theù's) and hoped to find them at home ! Lagan, by the way, is the Perthshire Gaelic i'ov Jlummery or soivens. — Could the bard have possibly used a more contemptuous epithet to hint in an indirect sort of way how little these valiant auxiliaries were to be trusted when the hour of trial came ? Sluagh an Righ. in the last verse are of course the Stewarts. The translation in the opposite column is not to be taken as a literal trans- lation, but rather as a paraphrase or imitation of the original. It is merely an attempt to give the reader an idea and no more, of the manner and style of a very old song. It will stand, I think, in very proper juxtaposition with Mr J. F. Campbell's very interesting song in your last. Treas Mioa a' Gheamlnaidh, IST-I AN GAIDHEAL. 289 Foiin. — Gabhaidh sinn an rathad mòr, Gabhaidh sinn an rathad mor, Gabhaidh sinn an rathad mor 01c no math le each c. OIc no math le Cloinn-an-t-saoir 01c no math le Cloinn-an-t-saoir OIc no math le Cloinn-an-t-saoir — Na bodaich mhaol' an làgain. Diridh sinn ri beann an fhraoich, Tearnaidh sinn le gleann nan laogh ; 'S cha'neil fear de luchd-nani-braosg, Nach' leag sinn gaoir a 'mhàileid I Thar a' mhonaidh null 'nar ?cnob, Sios Gleann Comliann air bheag sgios, Màrsaidh sinn 'an ainm an High, 01c no math le each e. Gu Mac-'ic.-Alasdair 's Lochia!, Bidh iad leinn, mar ''^hn iad riamh '8 feai'-na-Ceapaich mar ar mian, 01c no math le each siod ! Thig Cloinn-a'-Phcarsoin — feachd nam buadh, [tuath, 'S thig Cloinn Choinnich o'n Taobh- 'S mairg an dream do'n nochd iad fuath 'Nuair 'dh'eireas gruaim nam blàr Thig Clann-Ghriogair garg 'san stri — Thig Clann-an-Aba, — 's sluagh an Bigh, Miirsaibh uallach — suas i, phiob. 01c no math le each e. 1 Wo will take the good old way, I We will take the good old way, I We'll take and keep the good old way, i Let them say their will, O ! j Let MacTntyres say what they may, i Let Maclntyres say what they may, '. We'll take and keejJ the good old way, Let them say their will, ! 'Tis up the steep and heathery Ben, \ Adown the bonny winding glen, j We march, a band of loyal men. Let them say their will, ! We will march adown Gleneoe, We will march adown Gleneoe, By the Ferry we will go. Let them say their will, ! To Glengarry and Lochiel — Loyal hearts, with arms of steel, These will beck you in the field, Let them say their will, ! Cluny will come doon the brae, Keppoch bold will lead the way, Toss thine antlers Caber Feigu, Let them say their will, ! Forward, sons of bold Rob lioy, Stewarts — conllict is your joy, We'll stand together, pour le Roij^ Let them say their will, ORAID GHAILIG. Leugh an t-urramach Alasdair Mac Griogair, ministear na h-Eaglais-an- lar, an Inbhirnis, an oraid, o' m bheil na briathran a leanas air an tabhairt, do choraunn Gaidhealach Inbhirnis ; a's tha sinn ag cluinntinn gur h-i a' chiad oraid Ghailig a bha air a liubh- uirt 'sa' bhaile sin. Tha diiilichinn oirnn nach "eil e 'nar comus ach fior-neoni dhe'n oraid thait- nich seo a chur sios anns A' GhAidii- EAi, do bhrigh gu'n robh i cho ro fhada agus a fiUeadh a staigh nithe cho liònmhor agus eho eugsamhla annta fein. Tha sinn a' tuig-sinn gu'n tug i mòr-thoilinntinn do'n mhòr-chuideachd, eadar bhan-tighearnan agus dhaoin'- uailse, a bha 'g eisdeachd rithe, agus gur iomadh glaodh-gaire agus caith- rcam a thogadh leis an luchd-eisdeachd "n am di 'bhi 'ga labhairt o thus gu deireadh. Is iad na nithe air an do leudaich an t-Urrammach deas -bhriathraeh, Cainnt, Ceol, Cantaikeachd, Comii- DACHADH, CiNNEADH, ClEACIIDANNA, 290 AN GAIDHEAL. Treas Mios a' Gheamhraidh, 1S7S. ClWADAL, AGUS CaTRDEAS NAN GaIDH- EAL. Leig e ioinadh ui a ris gu soilleir, so-thuigsinn, air gach aon fa leth de na cinn seo, agus labhair c moran mu na Gaidhcil fein, a thaobh an ccud- thus, agus air gach ni air am bhcil fios againn niu'n limcbioU a tbaobb an stuic agus an freirah aca. Tbubh- airt e, " Cha'n 'eil teagamh nacb iad na Gaidhcil an t-aon sluagh ris na Caledonaich agus na Pio- caich an sinnseara fein, eadhon na daoine gaisgeil sin a dhion an dùtbaich agus an saor.=a fein, an aghaidh gach ionnsuidh a thugadh orra le armailtibh treuna nan Ronianacb. Bba Alba, no Caledonia air a h-aiteachadh leis na Piocaich agus thugadh leòsan ainmean 'n an cainnt fein air gach bcinn agus baile, loch agus amhainn, agus ionad eile 'san rioghachd. Tha gach ainm a tha toiseachadh le Dim, Beinn, Monadh^ Baile, Craig, Magh, Maghair, AcJi, Amh- ainn, Lcachd, Aird, Uachdar, Cam, Blur, Cul^ Druim, Eas, Gleann, Srath, Innis, cm, Mcall, Torr, Loch, Linn, Poll, Bos, Port, Tidlaich, agus moran eile, a' feuchainn air ball gur ainmean Gailig iad." Mu'n Ghailig fein, thubb- airt c, " Do gacli cainnt thugamaid an t-urrainn do'n Ghailig. Tha i liath- aosda, gidheadh is liighmhor, laidir, lurach i, — is fallain, fiachail, flor-ghlan i. Mar oigh gheamnuidh, cha'n aill leatha gnothuch a blii aice ri ni sa bith a tha truaillidh^ no drabasda, no droch- mhuinte. Ann am beul nan laoch is binn, blasda a fuaim ; agus is tiamh- aidh, trom a guth ann an gearan gach dream a ta fo bhron. Air Laidinn, 's air Greugais bheir i barracbd,agus cha'n fhaighearalcithid'galabhairtfo'nghrcin " A' chanain a blia riamh Feadli bheanntan agus shliabh, Ban-oighre dhligheach fhior Chaledonia ! A' chanain a's fearr Fo na spcuran i, Chum gach smaoin is ni 'Chur an ceill innte. Lan thorrach i gach am, Air focail nacb 'eil gann, Tiia gach cainnt eile th'ann A' toirt geillidh dhi. Ach tha i nis 'dol suas, Air bunnachar nach gluais Le còmlmadh Comuinn uasail, 'S cha trèig iad i.'' An deigh labhairt nine fhada air aois agus oirdheirceas na Gailig thòisich e air leudachadh ann am briathraibh ro tliaitneach air Bardachd nan Gaidheal. Thug e iomradh freagarrach air sao- tliair Oisein, agus air oibribh nam bard 'sna linntibh cein sin, agus thubh- airt e gu'm bheil " comas a nis aig na Goill fein air deagh eolas a ghabh- ailair na seann dànaibh sco aig Oisean air doibh a bhi gu cotliromach air an eadar-theangacliadh leis an 011a Ur- ramach, Gilleasbuig Cleireach, Aodhair Chille-nihaillidh, Thug e iomradh air bardachd mhoran eile, agus dh' aithris, e na h-uiread de na nithibh a rinneadh leo mar a ta " Jiliann a' Bhaird Aosda," agus moran eile. Thubhairt e, " Is- lionmhor oran, iorram, dan, duan, rann agus laoidh a rinneadh leis na bardaibh aig na fineachaibh fa leth, seadh orain de gach gne agus cumadh, orain-gaoil, orain-molaidh, orain-cog- aidh, orain-buaidhe, orain-treubhantais, orain sgaiteach agus eisgeil, orain-càn- aidh agus caoidh, orain-cumhaidh agus broin, orain-luaidhe, agus iomraidh, agus buain, marbh-ranna, agus aa leithidibh sin. Tha na iuinn agus na luinneagan a's boidhiche 'sa' Ghailig a gheobhar ann an cainnt sa bith eile." Chaidh an t-Urramach a ris air aghaidh 'na Oraid thaitnich gu cunn- tas a thoirt air Piobaireachd agus ceol nan Gaidheal, agus air seo thubhairt e na h-uiread a dhuisg iomadh glaodh- caithreima'm measg an luchd-eisdeachd. An dcigli Icudacliadh air a' Phiob- mhor a dheachd gu minic na gaisgich chum a' chatha, agus nithe a chur an ceill mu Cblann Mbic Cruimein, a bha 'n am piobairibh aig Siol Leoid, Dhun- Treas Mios a' Gheamhraidh, AN GAIDHEAL. 291 bheagain o iomadhlinn air ais, agus mai- au ceudna mu chlann Mhic Artair aig Mac Dhomhnuill nan Eilean, thubhairt e, " Tha iomadh gne phiobaireachd ann. Tha cuid ann ris an abrar Cruinneachadit cuid eile Brosnachadh cuid eile Cumha cuid eile Faille, agus cuid eile Tuireadh mar a bha a' phiobaireachd thiomhaidh, mhall, bhronach, bu ghnath bhi ga cluicheadh aig adhlacadh nam marbh. Bha duil aig na Gaidheil, gu'n robh a phiob mar gu'm bann a' labhairt bhriathra na Faille, no an Eahliaidh no an Tuiridh, mar a dh' fheudadh a' chuis a bhith. Mar seo, ann an Cumha Mhic Leoid^ bha phiob ag radh, — Cha till, chatill, cha till Mac Cruimein Cha till e gu brath ga la na cruinne, Cha till, cha till, cha till Mac Cruimein, Cha till Mac Leoid 's cha bheo Mac Cruimein. Is mor a' mhisneach a thug a' phiob- mhor do na Gaidheil gu dol a'm buil- sgean nan naimhdean, agus tha eadhon gu I'uig an la'n diugh piobair aig gach cath-bhuidlieann Gaidhealach chum dol maille riu do na blaraibh, agus Cha do ghluais chum na tuasaid, 'Sa chaoidh iad cha ghluais, Gun am bolg-fheadan meur-thollach Fhuaimneach 'n an cluais ! Bha Clann Mhic Cruimein, Dhunbhea- gain, a' sgriobhadh na piobaireachd sios ann an leabhar, gu bhi' ga cumail air chuimhne, ach cha'n ann air an doigh air am bheil ceol 'ga sgriobhadh a nis. Bha iadsan 'ga dhcanamh le focuil bhe- aga, ghoirid, a bha iad a' cur an altaibh a' cheile chum fuaim an fheadain agus na puirt a chiallachadh. Bha e rud eigin cosmhuil ri innleachd an Sol-fa a ta 'ga gnathachadh 'san am seo ann an ceol nan salm. Bha iadsan a' gabhail lionmhorachd fliocal ghoirid, mar /;?", ri ro, bhi, ha, ra, din, hia, di, rit, hio, dixi, ii, re, dro, tiri, iara, tetiri ; agus mar sin sios. Air an doigh seo chuireadh iad sio3 piobaireachd Failte a' Phrionnsa mar a leanas : — An t-Urlar. hi ro dro hi ri, hi an an in ha ra, hi o dro ha chin, ha chin hi ' chin, hi o dro hi ri, hi an an in ha .<,, hi dro ha chin, ha chin hi i ^hin hi o dro hi ri, hi an an in ha ra, hi o dro ha chin, ha chin hi a chin, hi o dro hi ri, hi an an in ha ra, hi o dro ha chin, ha chin hi i chin. Siubhal. hi o dro hi chin, ha chin ha chin hi o dro ha chin, hi chin ha chin, hi dro hi chin, ha chin ha chin, hi o dro ha chin, ha chin hi chin, hi o dro hi chin, hi chin hi chin, hi o dra ha chin, hi chin, ha chin, hi o dro hi chin, ha chin, ha chin, hi o dro ha chin, ha chin hi chin Taobhludh. hio dro to, hi dro to, ha dro to, ha dro to, ho dro to, ha dro to, hi dro to, hia chin, &c. Thug an t-Urramach MacGriogair a ris min - chunntas air eideadh agus armachd nan Gaidheal, agus thug e iomadh dearbhadh gu'm bheil Breacan- an-fheilidh anabarrach sean. Am measg chaich, dh' innis e gu'n do bhiiiricheadh suas leac no clach leathann a' steidh Balla Antonine a thogadh leis na Romanaich tarsuing air Alba eadar an amhainn Friuth agus an amhainn Cluaidh, anns a' bhliadhna 140. Air an lie seo bha dealbh triiiir dhaoine air a ghearradh, a bha air an eideadh 'san trusgan Ghaidhealach. Thug e iomradh, mar an ceudna, air iomadh dearbhadh eile air gne, dreach, agus cumadh eididh nan Gaidheal, agus air gach seòrsa armachd a ghnàthaicheadh leò o linn gu linn. *■• 'S math' thig breacan an fheilidh Gu leir do nasùinn, Osain ghearr' air an calpannaibh Dòmhail, geal, cruinn ; Iteagan dorch' air slios Gorm uidheara cheann, Sud i eideadh nam blàr, 'S cha bi an te fhada theann." 292 AN GAIDHEAL. Treas Mios a' Glieamliraidli, 1S73- Thubhairt e gu'm feudadh mòran a bhi air a cliur an oi'ill niu fhcarachas- taighe, cleachdanna -diichail, inneala- treabhaidh, buill-acfhuinn agus airncis iian Gaidhcal. Tlia niòran ann aig nach 'oil fios ciod is ciall do na nithibli seo a Icanas a taairan gnatliachadh gu sonraichtc anns na h-Eileanaibh an-iar ; mar a ta Cas-chrom, Cas-dhireach, Slachdan, Groidcallan, Ràcan, Poit- Uirearaidli, Leac-gradain, Muilcan-lcth- coise, ]\Iuilean-bradli, Bord-luaidh Plocan, Cisean, Iris, Siomaid, Cliabh, Caineag, Plat, Sgonnan, Tallan, Sun- nag, agus mar sin sios." Dh'innis e gu'm feudadh moran a bhi air aithris, mar an ceudna, niu na Gnath-fhocaii, Saobh-cliraobhadh, Giseag, Eanntachd, Dubh-cheisd, ToimIiseachan,Taibhscaraclid, vSugradh, lomairt, Cluich, agus Clcas, a gheobhar am measg nan Gaidheal, — ach dh'fhag e iad sin air fad, mar a thubhairt c, gu bhi gu so-thuigsinneacli, soillcir air an lorgadh a mach, agus air an aithris gu h-ullamh, h-callamh, deas-chainnteach, leis an Urrumach fhoghluimte sin " Bun LOCIIABAR !"' Lubhair e na h-uircad mu tlireubh- antas nan Gaidheal, agus bha dorran air nach coadaicheadli an iiine dha leudachadh gu farsuing air na Fin- eachaibh Gaidhealach fa Icth, agus air gach connsachadh, cogadli, crcach, agus blar fuiltcach a bha aca 'nan aimh- reitibh an aghaidh a' cheile. Air an doigh cheudiia cha robh e 'n a chomas na bu mhath leis a chur an ceill mu bhreacmnaibh nam Fineachan air fad, agus mu Shuaichcanta?, Gairmibh- catha, Brataicliibh, agus Briathraibh- bros-nachaidh nam Fineachan gu leir. An deigh labhairt mu uair gu leth air na nithibh seo tharruing c gu crich Ic teist urramach a thoirt air gaisge nan Gaidheal. Thubhairt e gu'n d'fbalbh na h-amanna deistinneach sin anns an robii comas beatha agus biiis ann an laimhibh nan ccann-fcadhna, agus gur taitneach gu'n d'fhalbli. Ach am feadh 'sa ta slioclid nam beann co cliuiteach agus cruadaLich "sa bha iad riamh, bha'n dillseaclid agus an treubh- antas air an gnathachadh o chcann linntean air ais, cha'n ann ri comhstrith an aghaidh a cheile ach mar chath- bhuidhcann gu'n striochdadh, bha iad deas agus dileas thar tuigs<i, gu bhi dionadh an saorsa, an duiiicha, 's an lagh! Cha tug saighdearan ni b'fhearr riamh aghaidh do namhaid. Leo-san sguabadh air falbli an eascairdean as an araich, mar a sguabar am moll le ncart na gaoiihe. ! cia fearail, cuimcar, agus eircachdail iad 'nan eideadh fein ! Cia garg agus colgach a'n am dol sios do'n chath. Cia minic, luath mar na h-iolairean a' dol air iteig chum cobhartaich, a rulth iad air feachd nan namh, agus a chuir iad as doibh gu leir. Is gann a nochdas iad an treubhantas, ach an uair a tha an cunnard mor, agus an namhaid g'arg agus dalma : an sin, còmhdaichidh an corruich an talamh Ic closaichibh nam marbh, mar a chùmdaicheas corran a' bhuanaiche an t-achadh le sguabaibh. Fhad 'sa bhios meas air fior-shaigh- dearachd cha leagar air dearmad am fearalas air faiche fhuiltich Waterloo. 'Sann an sud a bha 'ghriobhag, Le luaidh ghrad, — lannaibh biorach, 'S claidh'ibh sgaiteaeh 'gan iomairt, Le dream chalma gu'n tioma, Chaidh siol Alba gu'n ghioraig, Anns an t-searbh-chath air mhireadh, 'Creuchdadh chorp is 'gan liodairt, Is 'gam fagail 'san ionad gu'n deo ! Anns an oraid ro thaitncach aige, anns nach robh lide Shasunnach, bhrosnaich e " Comunn Gaidhealach Inbhirnis" gu bhi dicliiollach agus dileas. Nochd e gach strith a rinncadh chum na (raidiieil a theagasg 'n^in cainnt fein leis An Teachdaiie G/iaid/iealach, a ris le Caraid nan Gaidheal a ris le Cuairiear 7ian Oleann a ris le Fear-tathaicli nam beaiin agus na h-uiread eile, acii chaidh as doibii cru leir, a";us b'olc an airidh c. Treas Mios a' Glicamliraiilh. 187-3. AN GAIDHEAL.; 293 Acli tliubhairt e, " Cha d'fliagadh j Camsliron ; Niall Camsliron ; Domh- sinn fathast gun dochas, oir dh'eirich | null Mac-a'-Phi ; Eachann MacChoUa ; o cheann ghoirid Gcddhcal eile suas ann an Glaschu, a ta nis air a thuras, agus 'se dieasnas a' Chomuinn seo, agus gach uile neaeli eile aig am bheil dualchas agus duthclias 'nan cridhe, an aire a thoirt gu'm bi An Gaidheal laghach seo air 'eiridinn, agus air a chuideachadh, agus air a chumail suas! ABRAICn GHLASCHU. Air Di-Aoine, an seathamh latha de'n Dudlachd, choinnich Abraich Ghlas- chu, gu an dinnear bhliadhnail — 's a ri ma choinnich, 's ann orra fein a bha coltas nan siad ! Bha Ghailig air a labh- airt cho snasmhor 's cho fileanta, 's ged nach fhagadh na ceatharnaich riamh fasgath Beinn-Nimheis, — bha taghadh a' phiobaire ag cluitli aig araaibh suidhichtc re an fheasgair, a's air dha " Gillean an Fheilidii " a thogail, tha mi "n duil gu'n eireadh n",o chridhe ged a "bhitheadh mo leth a' slaodadh rium." 'S cha robli an deise ghcarr air dhi-chuimhne, oir bha iomadh "Abrach o Lochaidh" 'san t-seomar comhdaichtc an cidcadh taghta nam beann, 's gun teaganih ag aithris 'n a chridhe : " Chuir sinn a suas an deise Bhios uaUacli, frcagarrach dhuinn — Breacan an fheilidh phreasaich, A's peiteag de'n eudach ixr; Cota 'chadadh nam ball, Am bitheadh a' chàrnaid dlù, Osan nach ceangail ar ceum, 'S nach ruigeadh mar rcis an gliin." Bha Iain Mac-Gille-Mhaoil 'sa" chath- air, agus Seumas Ailean 'san lar- chathair. Am mcasg feadhainn eile 'bh'aig an dinnear faodaidh sinn na leanas ainmeachadh : an t-uasal Urra- mach Alasdair Stiiibhairt, am Bun- Lochabar ; Somhairle og Mac a'-Chal- main; AonghasEos, maille ri 'bhrathair Iain MacDhomhnuill Eos ; Gilleasbuic Alasdair Mac-a-Phi, agus moran eile. Air do na chuideachd an dinnear a ghabhail, chaidh sineadh air 61 nan deochanna slàinte, anns a' nihodh thaitneach sin anns am bheil na Gaidh- eil amhàin gun choimeas. B'i 'chiad deochslainte, " A' Bhanrigh, a's buill eile an teaghlaich rioghail ;" na 'deigh sin, "an t-arm mara 's tire;" agus an sin sheinn Niall Camshron deagh oran Gailig: " Siod agai' 'n deoch-slainte 'dh'olainn, Deòch-slainte 'Chamshronaich bhòidhiclì Siod agai' 'n deoch-slainte "dh'olainn." An deigh do Niall Suidhc, dli'eirich fcar-na-cathrach a dh'ol deochslainte " 'Chomuinn Abraich," 's ma dh' eirich bu taitneach leis gach neach 'uirgheall. Thuirt e gu'm bi siod an doech SLAiNTE, 's gu'n robh e 'n dochas gu'n rachadh a h-ol gu h-eireachdail. Labh- air e car uine, gu pongal tuigscach mu ghnothaichean a' chomuinn, agus mu'n tlieum a rinn an Comunn cheana do Ghaidheil a bha tighinn do Glaschu ann a bhi faighinn aitean daibh, 's 'gan cnmhnadh air ioraadh seol eile. Cha an deoch-slainte ol le mor thoileachas, ag^us an sin chluith Maclonmhuinn, am piobaire, port. 'Si 'n ath dheoch-slainte 'dh' ain- micheas sinn; "Na li-Abraich aig an taigh a's thairis." Bha i seo air a h-ol le mor chaithream. Air do Uilleam Austin, eiridh a dh' iàrraidh air a cho- luchd-duthcha urram a's onair a dheanamh do 'n deoch slainte bha iad gu ol, bha an gairdeachas clio mor a's gar gunn a chluinnte guth an fhir a bha bruithinn. Labhair e car uine air iom- adh ni a bha ro thaitneach do gach neach 'san eideachd, as air do'n deoch- slainte 'bhi air a h-ol,dh'eirich an t- Urramach Alasdair stidbhairt a thoirt tainge. Thuirt e gu'n robh e 'n comas dùsan labhairt riutha araon am 294 AN GAIDHEAL. Trcas Jlios a' Gheambraidh, IS" Beurla "san Gailig, agus ged a bha e creidsinn gun robh neach no ditliis 'ria' cliuideachd nacli tuigeadli can- ain bhlasJmhor Fhinn a's Oisein, cha'n fliaodadh an flieadhainn sin a blii diombach air cbor sa bitli mas e 's gu'n labbradh e beagan fhocail anns nach d' thoii-eadU iad moran brig-he : oii- "sann a bha e 'dol a labh- airt ri Abraicli, s cha robh Abrach air bith nach tuigcadh a' Ghailig. Labh- air e gu deas-bhriatbrach rau iomadh ni, aig an robh co-cheangail, cha'n ann amhain ris na h-Abraich, ach r's na Gaidheil uile. Thuirt e gu'm bu tait- neach leis-san a bhi 'g amharc air a' chomhlan mhaiseach ud, oir 'an sùil gach fir, blia e comasach dha teòchridh- eacbd a' Ghaidheil a leughadh. Lean e, an sin, air innseadh sgeulachdan a thug a mach iomadh ghiodh as gaire : " Abrach" . ars esan, " a thog air do Ghlaschu, agus air dha bhi fagail taigh 'athar, thuirt e, ' Athair, thoir dhomh do bheannachd ma'm falbh mi'; ' sin mo bheannachd-sa dhut a mhic', ars 'athair, 'se a' toirt còig pmnnd Shas 'nach da. ' Ach nach can thu focail sa bith a chiim misneach a tlioirt domh air m' allaban an dùthaich chein ? ' ' Mata' ars 'atliair, ' clia'n abair mise riut ach, * Ma bheir fear sa bith an car asad aon uair, mo naire air-san ; ma bheir e 'n car asad an dara uair, mo naire ortsa /' " Labhair e 'n deigh sin, air Eoghann Mac Lachluinn. B'easan gun teagamh sa bith, '' Smeorach chlann Lachluinn." Rugadh e an Torrachalltuinn, an Loch- abar, 'sa' bhliadhna 1775. An deigh dha deagh fhoghlum fhaighinn 'an dpthaich a bhreith, chaidh e a dh' Abar-eadliain, far an do choisinn e mor-chliu, cha'n ann amhain da fhcin, ach mar an ceudna, do 'n duthaich a dh' araich e. A' bliarr air e 'bhi 'na sgoilear clio ainmcil "s a bh'ann ri 'linn bha e 'na bliard taghta. Co nach robh eolach air an Eallaidh thaitnich sin : — " Gur gilc mo leannan Na 'n eal' air an t-snamh. Na cobhar na tuinne 'S e tilleadh bho n traigh ; Na 'm blath-bhainne buaile, 'S a' chuach leis fo bharr, Na sncachd nan gleann dosrach, "Ga f hroiseadh mu 'n bhlar ? '"' Agus c"ait am faigheadh iad Maebh- KANN, an canain air bith, cosmhuil ris' a' mharbhrann a rinn Eoghann Mac- Lachlainn do Shcumas Beattie ? C' ait am faigheadh iad briathran cho fior thiamhaidh, agus cho fior fhreagarrach riut ha seo : " Och nan och ! mar a ta mi, Threig, mo shiigradh mo mharan 's mo cheòl ! 'S trom an acaid tha 'm chràdh-lot, 'S goirt am beum a rinn sgainteach 'am fheoil ; Mi mar ànrach nan cuaintean, A chailleas 'astar feadh stuadhan 'sa' cheo, O'n bhuail teachdair' a' bhais thu 'Charaid chaoimh bu neo-fliailtea- mach gloir ? " Dh'eug Mac-Lachlainn 'sa' bhliadhna 1822, agus bha e air adhlacadh an Cill- a'-Mhaodain, an Ard-ghobhar. Bha duilicbinn air a chantuinn gu'n robh a thuam air ag comhdachadh leis an eanndaig thiadhaich, an aite i bhi air ag comharrachadh amach le clachchuimh- ne; ach bha e 'n docbas nach biodh a' chuis fada mar sin. — Thug 'uirgheal raor thoilinntinn do 'n cLuideachd agus mu'n do dheallaich iad, chaidh a dheoch- slainte 51 le mor chaitliream. 'S duilich leinn nach eil e 'nar comas tuilleadh de nabh' air a labhairt achuir sios air duilleagaibh A" Ghaidheil, mar bu mhiann leinn. Ach anns a cho- dhunadh, faodaidh sinn acliantuinn gu'n robh deoch-slainte 'Ghaidheil air a h-bl gu taitneach. Dh' iarradh seo a dhcanamh leis an ogonach cheanalta sin, Iain MacDhomhnuill Eos. Labhair e car nine, a' moUadh iomadh ni a bhuin- cadh do na Gaidheil, agus ag iarradh air na bha ais; a' choinnimh còmhnadh Treas Mios a' Gheamhraidh, : AN GAIDHEAL. 295 a thoirt do gach m de 'n robh faileadh cubhraidh an fhraoich. Dh'iarr e 'n sin soirbbeachadh do'nGhaidbeal.maille ri deoch-slainteMbic-Cboinnich (a bba sa cbuideacbd o'n Gbaidbeal) òl — ni a bha air a dbeanamh gu cridbeil, agus an deigb sin thug Mac - Choinnich taing do'n cbuideacbd air son mar tbaisbein iad am meas air a' Gbaidbeal, 's air fbein. [Tba 'n Gaidheal fada 'n comain nan Abracii air son an deagh run ; agus, aig an am cbeudna, ag innseadb dhoibb, ma tbeid e " air cbaluinn " am bliadb- na, nacb ann tuaitbeal a ruigeas e taigb Abracb a tba 'n Gblascbu ; a's air a' laimb eile, ma tbig Abracb 'na cbar- san aig an am gar cinnteacli a bbonnag dha!l NAIDHEACHDAX. "S i naiueeacbd cho taitneacb 'sa tba againn ri b-innseadb air a' mbios sec — an aireamb de cbomuinn Gbaidli- ealach a tba " 'togail an cinn." Tba aon Cbomunn maiseacb an Grianaig agus Marcus Lathcirn air a cbeann. Ee an Dùdlacbd bba buill a' cbomuinn ag coinneacbadh, 's ag cur na'n Riagb- ailtean an altan a' cheile, 's tba sinn toilicbte cbluinntinn gum bbeil iad a' faigbinn air an agbaidb a reir am miann. Cb'j, 'n Ibaod sinn gun luaidh a dhean- amb air a' cbiad cboinneamb a bb' aca. Aig a' cboinnirab sin bba mòran Gbaidb- eal, agus uaislean eile aig an robh toil do'n cbiiis. Bba triuir no ceatbrar pbiobairean ag cluitb aig an dorus an am do 'n cbuideacbd a bbi 'cruinneacli- adh ; agus gun teagamb bu taitneacb an ceol do cbridbe Gaidbealach sa bitb. Air do'n t-sluagb cruinneachadb, air iartus tbir-na-cathracb, gu deas-bbriatb- racb, pongail cbuir an t-Urramacb D. Mac-Mbuiricb an ceill cuid de na h-aobbaran air son am bbeil an comunn gu bbi air a steidheadb. Labbuir e mu aoisead na Gailig, agus mu'n mheas bu cboir a bbi aig gach fior Gbaidbeal oirre ; " Ach " ars esan, " ged a tha snuagh na h-aoise oirre bho chian, cha 'n eil mise 'creidsinn gur h-i a labbair Adhamb, oir cha robh i riabb am bial cho leibeideacb ris a bhi;d a mheall ar ceud pbàrantan air dhoibb a bbi, na'n priomb ionracas, ag àiteacbadh a' Gharaidh. — Tba 'n comunn seo ag cur rombpa moran oibre a dbeanamh agus si ar durachd-ne gu'n soirbbicb'leo. 'Se' ainm a' cbomuinn — CoiiUNN Gaidh- EALACH GiIRIANAIG. Tba Comunn Gaidbealach eile an deigb a steidheadb 'san Oban. 'S e 'ainm-san — Comunn Oiseanach Lath- uiRN. Tba cbuid a's mo de dh'uaislean an Obain a' toirt gach combnadh do'n cbomunn sco '• le'n cinn, le 'm pinn, 's le 'n sporain,"' a's 'si ar guidh'-ne do gach neach diubh — '-Lean do bbuillel" Tba CoJiUNN Gaidhealach Inbhir- Nis a' deanamb gu fogbainteacb. Tba sinn ag cluinntinn gu'm bbeil a' mhor- chuid de na b-oraidean ciatacb a bha air an leugbadb le buill a cbomuinn re na bliadhna chaidh seacbad, gu bbi air an clo-bbualadb gun dàil, a's gu bbi air an toirt a nasgaidb do bhuill a' cbom- uinn, 's air an reic ri muinntir eile. Tba Comuinn Gbaidbealacb Ghlas- ' chu a nis air sineadb air cumail an coinneamban bliadbnail — a's gheobbar iomradh an earrann eile de 'w Ghaidh eal air te dbiubb : an te Abraicb. Tba an aimsir anabarrach gailbbeach o chionn fbada. Chaidh moran luing- eas a chall leis an stoirm. Tba 'n call mara 's tire cho mor 's a bba e le 's cuimbne leinn. Bba cuid mhor de na luingeas a cha chall air an turns a America. Chaidh an Granndach ath-thaghadb gu bbi 'na phriomb fbear-riagblaidb 's na Staidean Aonaicbte, — sgeula bhios air a leugbadb gu taitneacb an Strath- spe, an dutbaich d'am bun e. Nach fior a thuirt am port, " Tba na Grann- daich urramach ? " Chaidh "La Naoimb Anndra" a 296 AN GAIDHEAL. Teras Mios a" Glicimhraidli, 1S7S churaail leis na li- Albanaich anns gach ait, cho aobhach 's bu nos da bhi Tha sinn an deigli paipear fhaigliinn a Baile-'n-righ an Canada, anns am bheil mor iomradh ah" dol-a-mach nan Al- banach air an latha. Measg nitlie cile tha deagh Dliiin le Eobhann "IMac- ChoUa, " clarsair nam beann," air na Fincachanadli' cirich " Bliadlina Tliear- laich." GAILIG ANNS NA SGOILTEAN. A Ghaidheil llunaicb, An ceadaich thu dhomh f:cal no dlia a radh an leth-sgeil na maiglistirean-sgoile mu dheibhinn an robh an " Gille Dubh '' a seanchas anns an ùirearali ran dheireadh de'n Ghaidheal? Tha e ag radh gur e dichuimhne a thainig air na maighstirean-sgoile a thug air a' Ghailig a blii dol air chùl anns na sgoiltibh. Nis cha 'n e dichuiinhne riun so idir ach mi-inhis?icachd. Anns an Earrach an uair a thigeadh na minist- earan gu'n sguil a cheasnachadh rach- adh a Ghailig fhagal gu deireadli, agus an sin 'se tlieireadh iad, " Cha 'n eile nine againn airson na Gailig ach o na chuahx agus na chunnaic sinn a cheana cha 'n oil teagamh nach eil a' Ghailig air a deagh theagasg." Beagan an deigh sin thigeadh Fear-ceasnach- aidh na Ban-righ agus gun aon smid de Ghailig 'n a cheann. Mar seo chunnaic na raaighstirean-sgoile nach rachadh scalltuinn air an dichioU ann a blii teagasg Gailig agus gur ann a bha iad ag call nine bu choir a bhi air a cleachd adhri nithibheile. Chunnaicnasgoilear- an nach robh meas aig na daoine mora sin air a' chainnt a bha iad ga'n sàrach- adh fein ga h-ionnsachadh agus nach faigheadh iad cliii no moladli ge be air bith cho math 's a leughadh iad i. Mar seo le mi-mhisneachd air gach taobh chaidh a' Ghailig ach beag a chuir as na sgoiltean ach cha 'n ann leis na maighstirean-sgoile, ach leis na daoine bba thairis orra. D. C, Maighstir-Sgoile. To THE Editor of ''The Gakl." NiDDRY Lodge, Kensington, London W,, December 9, 1872. Sir, — In your last number you printed an old Gaelic Ballad which I sent to you from Inveraray Castle. I have now the honour to send you another. This was found by Mr Donald MacPherson, loose in a drawer at the Advocates' Library, together with the following letter from Doctor Irvine, of Little Dunkcld, Avhich gives a pedigree : — ("/< is not known to whom this hitcr iras adilrcsscd.^') '' Dear Sii:, " I seized tlie first spare inomeut after my return to look out for the song of wliich I spoke, and now send it to you with a hurried translation, which 1 endeavoured to make as literal as possible. You must pardon its defects as it dues not aim at elegance. No English can convey tlie happy turns of the original." . . . " Jt was sung to the harp as it was probably composed with the harp. The name of the bard I have not got, though he was certainly the family bard and harper. He glances at the story of the lady being exposed on the rock in the sea as a scandal ; but tradition is uniform on the subject, and the bard refers to the cause of such a barbarous deed. His lady bore to Lachlan no children, which explains ' that blossomed not to our wishes.' " . . . " He was killed by John Campbell, of Calder, his brother-in-law, tradition says in revenge. " Dear Sir, your most obedient Servant, "(Signed) A. HIVINE. " Uunkeld, Cth January, 1810." Treas Mios a' Gheamhraidh, 1873. AN GAIDHEAL. 297 Dr Irvine, about 1800, made a large collection of Gaelic poetry. A copy of his manuscript was bought by Mr David Laing, of the Signet Library. By bis permission, that collection is now printed in my Book " Leabhar na Feinne," as Text O. Dr Irvine proposed to collect orally, and to publish the Gaelic poetry which was current in his day. He printed a Prospectus ; his work was approved by the Highland Society, but it never appeared. The story of the ballad is well known, and has often appeared in books. In Vol. IV., Popular Tales of the West Highlands, p. 44, I quoted a version of part of the story, taken from a manuscript genealogy of the Argyll family. The story, as I have it from many sources, printed, MS., and oral, may be very shortly told. Archibald, Earl of Argyll, and Chancellor of Scotland, who fell at Flodden, 1Ò13, had a numerous family. One of his sons married the heiress of the Calders, and founded the family of Lord Cawdor. Another founded the first family of Skipnish. The daughters were " Janet, Lady Athol ; Mary, Lady Islay, (married to Macdonald ;) Margaret, Lady Erskine or Marr ; Isabel, Lady Cassells, (who was a writer of Gaelic poetry;) Massy, Lady Toward or Lamont; Elizabeth, Lady MacLean of Mull." The Laird of MacLean caused his wife to be placed upon a tidal rock in the Sound of Mull, which is called the Lady's Eock to this day. Her brother, the Laird of Skipnish, who was passing through the Sound of Mull in his barge, rescued her. Iler husband, as it now appears from this Gaelic song, had a sham funeral, and some Mull bard composed the lament, which Dr Irvine recovered. The Laird of Calder, meeting IMacLean in Edinburgh, thrust his sword, scabbard and all, through his brother-in-law, which event is recorded in the Irish annals of Loch Ce, and in the Argyll Genealogy. The widow '"'" Lady MacLean was married afterwards to Archibald Camp- bell, Laird of Achinbreck, to whom she bore John Campbell, called John Ayrach, because he was nursed in Glenaray. He was the first of the former house of Stronedoar in Knapdale." So far as I am able to form an opinion, the Gaelic ballad recovered by Dr Irvine is a genuine composition of the time of James V. or Queen Mary, orally preserved, and slightly altered in dialect by time and modern ortho- graphy. Dr Irvine's translation renders the meaning ; a poet like Sir Walter Scott might give life to the translation, I am, Sir, your obedient servant, J. F. Cami'Bkll. Oran [cumha] do Bhantighearn Dhu airt, d' om b' ainm Elizat, piuthar do Ghilleasbuig, larla Earraghail sa bhliadhna 1530, Leis a Bhard Mhuil- each. DR IRVINE S TRANSLATION. A song to the Lady of Duart, whose name was Elizabeth, sister to Archi- bald, Earl of Argyle, in the year 1530, by the Mull Bard. 'S cianail, gruamach, coimheach guar- j Sad, gloomy, fierce, and wintry wild ach Looks the lofty stormy hill, A d fhas am f uar mhon ard Boisterous, rugged, high rolling the An Caol tha salach, molach, bailcach, j Since the fair Ainnir died; [strait, O'n dh' cug an Ainnir bhàn ; The root of innocence, the branch of Friamh na gloine, Geug na loinne | union A d fhas gu lurach àill' — Which blossomed in all the luxuriance I of beauty. 298 AN GAIDHEAL. Treas Mios a' Glicamhraidh, 1873. Thug fras dhunai, bhuainn guu fhuir- A thilg a bun os burr. feacli, 'S cruadalach am beurn a bhuail sinn An uair bu bhuaint ar dull; Bha sinn cridhail, suntach. mirail, Gun bhraon snith air sùil, A' Chlùrsach a' toirt ccòii le h-aiteas Fir ag cleasachd dlii An tulach ait le toirm ar gaire As baird a seinn an cliu. 'IS'uair a sheallas ris an aonach 'S ioma fras a caochla rian 'Nuair as motlia bhios ar dochas 'S ann as motha ar doghruinn shios S ionann sin 's mar thacliair dliuinne 'N uair a b' fhuranacb ar miann Dh' aom a' Chreag le toirm gun abh- acbd As air ar n-ailleas laidli a ghrian Cha 'n ioghna Lacliuinn thu bhi dcur- ach Chain thu reul nan oighean Chain thu ionnus mor do cheannich Chain thu tuigse chomhra Chain thu sgiath dhian do chaidribh Chain thu airde foghlum Chain thu lul a chuain ghabhai An uair a b' airde dò-shion Thainig i mar bhoillsge greine Thoirt leus air oiche cheothar, Sgap i uainn an duthlachd catha Bha cur smal air òigri, Chcangail i suas ar creuchdan ruiteach Thiondai guin gu sò-ghràdh, Thugi dhuinn ar n' airm 's ar n' eidi As reitich i gach dù-bhcairt. But which the shower of Death Suddenly swept away, laying its honours low. Disastrous the blow which struck us When our hopes feared no change, Our hearts overtlowed with joy, The drop of grief fled from our e'e The harp raised the exhilarating song, The warriors plied the teats of strength, The rock re-echoed the song of laughter. The bards sounded the praise of chiefs. Mai'k the sloping height Darkened by the shower, enlivened by the sun ; We indulge the hope never to be changed ; It breaks, the deepest affliction over- whelm us, Such our portion. We looked forward to days of peace, The rock burst with the thunder of death, The sun set upon our pride. Great, Lachlan, is grief ; Thou hast lost women, Thou hast lost a treasure beyond value, Thou hast lost discretion in converse, Thou hast lost the shield of friends, Thou hast lost the perfection of science, Thou hast lost the compass of the frightful ocean Lashed by the fiercest tempest. She came like the sunbeam To illumine the cloud-envelop'd night; She dispersed the storm of battle Which saddened the hearts of our youth ; She bound up our bleeding wounds, She turned our feuds to feasts of love; She took off our arms and martial garment, And calmed each deathful strife. the cause of thy the polar star of (7^0 he concluded in our next.) ENGLISH DEPARTMENT. JANUARY, 1873. ENGLISH EIVER NAMES, &c., DERIVED FROM THE GAELIC LANGUAGE. In a former article it was very dis- tinctly shown, that a large numljer of English and Scotch river names were identical, and that their derivation was from the Gaelic language, and not the Welsh. The examples given extended also all over both England and Scotland, proving" that it was the same race that had given the names in both countries, and speaking the same language. There will now be laid before the