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Hol ko woni Ñebbe daay?
Ñebbe daay ko puɗol ngol baramlefi pamari, jibinoowol potte. Ko leɗki ki nganndu-ɗaa nafoore mum ina yaaji, etee yimɓe heewɓe wiɗtooɓe ko fayti leɗɗe safaara keso, hono ko wiyateeko safaara tuubakooɓe, maa yimɓe tan mehɓe, walla safrirooɓe leɗɗe, hono wileeɓe men walla seernaaɓe men, kamɓe fof, eɓe korsini kii lekki.
Hol sabaabu ndee ɓayre nde ñebbe daay jogii?
Ina wayi no, so a naamndiima yimɓe heewɓe hol ko saabii ɗum en horsinde ñebbe daay, ɓe keewi jaabaade ma ko ñebbe daay ina safra! so a naamndiima hol ko safrata, ɓe mbiy maa ina safra ko heewi? Tan gasii, ɗum tan njaabete-ɗaa.
Eɗen teskii e ɗii dumunnaaji, wonnde hay yimɓe ‘koor de laapee’ (Corps de la paix) , ina ndokki ɗum himme no feewi, eɓe ngaddana yimɓe yo ngaaw, etee won e nokkuuji ko kamɓe coodtata ɗum.
Faayiida mo ɗum hokkaa o, saabii ɗum ndeke ko naafoore heewnde wonnde heen nde.
Ñebbe daay ko farmasiŋ tan, ina safra ko arata ɗoo ko:
- 1. ina safra jalbi e gilɗi reedu : ko haako ko ƴettataa, hono baramlefi ɗi tawi ko kecci, pasnaa ɗum en, aɗa yara heen.
- 2. ina safra jabet kadi, ina safra ɓuuɓri, ina safra maɓɓo, kadi ina tellina nguleeki ɓanndu.
- 3. So a fasnii kadi aɗa waawi ɗum lootaade, sibu ina safra ɓalndu mouusooru.
- 4. So a fasnii a yarii, ina safra kadi teko, e jiiloli, ina usta fayfayo neɗɗo, ina tellina taasiyoŋ.
- 5. So a loppii haako koo kadi, a debbinii ɗum e ndiyam a siiwtii, so a yarnii gonduɗo e likƴere, ina itta ɗum. Ina safra reedu muusooru, ina safra ndogu reedu. Ina safra noppi muusooji (a toɓɓitat seeɗa e nder nofru muusooru ndu), ina safra gite ñawɗe, a toɓɓitat kadi e nder gite ɗe.
So tawii ko koyɗe ma ɓuuti, aɗa waawi loppude haako ko mbaɗaa heen lamɗam, muulaa e koyɗe ɗee.
Conndi haako ñebbe daay tawi ko yoorko (mbaɗataa ɗum ko e ñaamdu)
So tawii yummiraaɗo muuyninoowo ina ŋakkiraa kosam, yo o teddin conndi makko ñebbe daay kala nde o ari e ñaamde o fulla heen. Ɗoon e ɗoon o heewa kosam.
Muuseeki keeci, usto jiyɗe, taasiyoŋ, barogal, caɗeele taare, puƴe, kam e ñawu nguru fof, walla ñawu joorngal (menejite); ɗiiɗoo ñawbuuli fof mbaɗdataa conndi ndi ko e ñaamdu, ñaamaa, haa nde Alla hokku maa jam fof.
Siro ko walla baaji ɗi
Siro ko walla baaji ɗi ina safra ñiiƴe muusooje : a fasnat ɗum, nguufaa haa nguleeki ki naata no moƴƴi e ñiiƴe ɗe, kadi njaraa ɗum. Aɗa waɗa noon sahaa e sahaa fof.
Ɗaɗi ɗi ina coofnee, ina yaree, eɗi cafra
– Ñawu nguru ɓalndu; – timsi; Ɓoccitel taare ; ŋakkere ngoraagu, debbo dimaro (ɗaɗi ɗii ndefete ina njaree) ; ŋakkere ndiyam ɓalndu ; ñawu ooldu (sooynabo) ;
Loppugol ɗaɗi ɗii ina daamoroo, ina safroroo memagol laadoori, fiɗannde yaare, ŋatannde rawaandu sayaandu, daaɗe muusooje (no guwaatar ekn) ; ñawannde ; barmannde ; ñawu ɓooƴe ; keeci muusoowi ; felwere
Piindi ndi
A fasnat aɗa yara kaas ataaye subaka e kaas ataaye kihiiɗe ina uree kadi. Safrata ko ñawu kine walla maɓɓo, walla yaaf.
Ustude ɓalndu ( ɓellere):
A lawƴat haako ñebbe daay, liiraa e ɓuuɓri haa yoora, cabbinaa ɗum e ndiyam ɓalɗe ɗiɗi, ciggaa, ɓeydaa heen kudduuji tati (3) tige dege, kudduuji tati njuumri. Njaraa heen ñalawma fof laabi tati : subaka, naange e hoyre e kikiiɗe, hakke balɗe jeeɗiɗi.
Tonngol : Ñebbe daay ko lekki keewki witaaminaaji, jamɗe ɓalndu, kalsumaaji, asidaaji, ngeɗon ɓeydowon nguurndam e cellal kam e hakkillantaagal aade.
Maalik Saar
Ndee wiindannde loowanooma ɗoo e lowre e lewru sulyee 2008


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Sukaaɓe ceppii to Ɓoggee ngam haɗde dokkitgol boowal leydi nder wuro ngoo ñalnde 14 mee 2013. Ko gooto e perfeeji Ɓoggee rokkunoo boowal ngal sosiyatee biyeteeɗo TIVISKI, toppitiiɗo njeeygu kocce, mo nganndu-ɗaa jeyi ɗum ko Nansi Abeydarahmaan. Sukaaɓe ɓee ko laawinooɓe no feewi : ko ɗum waɗi ɓe keli “birikaaji joowanooɗi ɗoon ɗii”. Nokku oo noon, haa e ooɗoo sahaa ko nokku ɗo ɓe pettatnoo bal.
Ɓe njooɓinoo ko ɗiiɗoo konnguɗi, ɗi ɓe mbinndi kadi e kartoŋaaji ɗi ɓe mbeeynatnoo : « hoto mem leydi am », « reende leydi men, ko hisnude janngo sukaaɓe men », « leydi men, nguurndam men », « ɗoo, ko minen njeyi », « leydi am ko ngalu am »… Ndeen haakem nokku oo tinii ɗum, o jaɓɓii yonaaɓe seppooɓe ɓee e nder biro makko, e tawtoregol meer wuro ngoo. O wiyi yo sukaaɓe ɓee ngaddu ko ina hollita ko wuro ngoo jeyi nokku oo. Ko ndeen, e wiyde « elfoutiyou », Umar Alasan Jah yaltini eɓɓaande Ngesa Ɓoggee (CPB), nde nganndu-ɗaa ko jeyi keeriiɗo remooɓe Ɓoggeenaaɓe. Ko noon kadi jonaaɗo Nansi ɗaɓɓiraa nde addata seedantaagal “jeyi mum”, kono, « o yahi, o artaani tawo ». Jooni noon, golle puɗɗanooɗe ɗoon ɗee njowaama. So laatiima nokku oo ko dokkaaɗo « saretaaji e otooji ngontaa dañ ɗo ndewi faade maayo, so wonaa taartoyi Ɓoggee les walla ndewa e kanaal hee. Hay furiyeer oo jookoto ».
Wonaa ngolɗoo ko wayi nii fuɗɗii. Ko ɓooyaani koo tan, jeyoowo liɗɗi gooto biyeteeɗo Nami dikkondirii ɗoon e meeri Ɓoggee nde wiyi ina maha ɗoon e oon nokku mo kaalaten oo, gaaraas, tawi “rokkunoo ɗum yamiroore nde rewaani laawol ko perfee biyeteeɗo Muhammed Nuuh wul Taaleb Wesaas, gonɗo hannde diisneteeɗo cawndiiɗo hooreejo hilifaaɓe leydi ndii”. Oon sahaa ɗum waɗiino dille mawɗe, sibu Nami wullitoyinooma to tirbinaal, kono laamu nguu rokki goonga ko komin oo.

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Sooynaɓo heɓtotaako cukalel nde jibinaa so wonaa nde wuuri ñalawma timmuɗo walla so heewii balɗe jeegom. Hono ooɗoo sooynaɓo addata ɗum ko ko usteeki biige boɗeeje etee, ina wona e cukalel fotde balɗe joy walla jeegom. Ooɗoo sooynaɓo, ko sooynaɓo mo liggorgel ƴiiƴam mo alaa tanaa walla mo wonaa ñawu. Ɗo mbaadi cukalel alaa faayoore, kuudi ndii waylotaako, kaaye ɗee ina oolɗa.
Heeñere ndee e ɗaamol ngol ɓuutataa. Ina ɓeydoo e biige boɗeeje ɗee ender pirle mum hono binne binne tawa saabii ɗum ko usteeki biige ɗee.
Sooynaɓo heɓtotaako cukalel nde jibinaa so wonaa nde wuuri ñalawma timmuɗo walla so heewii balɗe jeegom. Hono ooɗoo sooynaɓo addata ɗum ko ko usteeki biige boɗeeje etee, ina wona e cukalel fotde balɗe joy walla jeegom. Ooɗoo sooynaɓo, ko sooynaɓo mo liggorgel ƴiiƴam mo alaa tanaa walla mo wonaa ñawu. Ɗo mbaadi cukalel alaa faayoore, kuudi ndii waylotaako, kaaye ɗee ina oolɗa.
Heeñere ndee e ɗaamol ngol ɓuutataa. Ina ɓeydoo e biige boɗeeje ɗee ender pirle mum hono binne binne tawa saabii ɗum ko usteeki biige ɗee.
Heeñere cukalel ina famɗi semmbe no feewi. Ndeke noon binne binne ƴiiƴam ɗee so keewii addana heeñere ndee ñawde e nder toɓɓe kette mum. Ɗum so waɗii ina feeñnina ñawbuuli ngaanndi e farayse (les signes neurologiques). Ooɗoo sooynaɓo ko peññinoowo kaawisaaji e farayse wiyetee ko ictère nucléaire.
Sooyanabo tawa saabii ɗum ko tagiin laabi heeñere
Laabi heeñere ina mbaawi waasde tegeede walla tawa tagoodi ndii feewaani ; walla kadi tawa laabi ɗii ina ɓittii walla e ɗi paaɗi. Ina waawi tawa ko laabi ɗii fof mbayi noon walla heen huunde e majji. Ko waawi heen wonde fof ma en njiy wonde hono sooynabo oo ina waɗa hade hakkunde nde cukalel jibinaa e nde sooynabo feeñata. Heen sahaaji peeñgol sooynabo oo ina raɓɓiɗa soko tawii binu oo dartiima (Bile). Peeñƴi mum maandinta en ko sooynabo dammbo binno e farayse « ictère par rétension biliaire ».
Laaworɗi mum ko hono nii : -Kuudi ndii ina wayloo, cukalel ngel sooyɗa. Heeñere e ɗaamol ngol ɓuuta seeɗa. Reedu nduu ɓuuta waɗa ndiyam (ascite), woni e pulaar danewel. So tawii heeñere ndee ñawii e nder kette mum dime ɗee addata ko wiyetee e farayse cirrhose. Safaara mum ko maa seekee huttee.
Sooyanaɓo tawa ko ñawbuuli goɗɗi caabii ɗum
Ko adii fof ñawu kuftodinngu (septicémie). Adata ooɗoo sooynabo ko mborosaaji ɗi añ henndu biyeteeɗi e farayse (streptocoques anaérobies) tawa naatirta ko e kerlol wuddu. Ina woodi mborosaaji baawɗi addude ñawu nguu tawa koɗi ko e tektekol. Ooɗoo sooynabo ina waawi feeñde e ñawbuuli heeñere. Mborosaaji ɗii mbiyetee e farayse « hépatite à virus ». Laaworɗi mum ko hono nii : Paawngal, Mbaydi cukalel ngel sooyɗa, oolɗa buy ; Faɗɗayru, uddugol foofaandu, siññere, tuure, ndogam reedu, tuƴƴam. Ina haani ƴeewtee so kerlol wuddu ngol ñawaani.
« Hémoculture » ko huunde moƴƴere sabu maa feeñninan en ñawu nguu. Safaara mum ko pinnguuji palooji tooke mikrobaaji kañum e semmbe K.
Sooynabo tawa saabii ɗum ko ƴiiƴe yumma e ɓiɗɗo nanndaani
Ooɗoo sooynabo addata ɗum ko tawa ƴiiƴam yumma e ɓiɗɗo oo nanndaani. Yumma oo, sabu añde woto tookeede fewja palorɗi mum. So palorɗi keewii naata e nder ƴiiƴam cukalel ngel gila e nder reedu. Ina haani ngelɗoon cukalel ngel so jibinaama, feeñnina sooynabo mo ƴiiƴe yumma e ɓiɗɗo nanndaani. Yiyti nguuɗoo ñawu ko wiyeteeɓe Lands Teyner e Wiyener e hitaande 1940. Ngooɗoo sooynabo woni sabaabu mum ko sippiro hakkunde biige boɗeeje yumma e ɓiɗɗo oo nanndaani. So biige boɗeeje cukalel ko maayata e majje ina heewi, ɓiɗɗo oo feññina ñawu sooynabo oo.
Hol ko woni lasli mum ?
Woni lasli mum ko baaba mum cukalel e yumma oo nanndaani ƴiiƴam. Ina sikkaa wonde palorɗi yumma oo fewjata e reedu adanndu lorlataa ɓiɗɗo gadano oo. Hol ko waɗi noon ? Waɗi noon ko e oon sahaa, palorɗi ɗii keewaani, so wonaa tawa yumma oo ina rokkee ƴiiƴe bayɗe noon. Ko ɓuri heewde e ko yiyaa ko deedi ndeggondirta tawa debbo wondi ko e gorko mo o nanndaani ƴiiƴam.
Sammba Gata Bah


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Ben Ali jibinaa ko e hitaande 1936. Jinnaaɓe makko ngonaano alɗuɓe. Nafi mo, ko ko nafnoo ɓeen sukaaɓe Aarabeeɓe waasnooɓe, suɓinooɓe naatde larme, kuutorii petelaaji ngam heɓtude laamu, gila noon e Naseer, Hosni Mubaarak, Bumejeen, Haafed el Asad, Saddaam Huseyn, Kaddaafi, kam e koninkooɓe Muritani. Nde Tuunus heɓi hoore mum o neldaa Saint Cyr janngoyde ganndal konu. Caggal nde o ƴaaŋi Janngirde Toownde Kabaruuji to Dental Dowlaaji Amerik, o fektaa to nokku kalfinaaɗo Kisal Konu.
Ben Ali jibinaa ko e hitaande 1936. Jinnaaɓe makko ngonaano alɗuɓe. Nafi mo, ko ko nafnoo ɓeen sukaaɓe Aarabeeɓe waasnooɓe, suɓinooɓe naatde larme, kuutorii petelaaji ngam heɓtude laamu, gila noon e Naseer, Hosni Mubaarak, Bumejeen, Haafed el Asad, Saddaam Huseyn, Kaddaafi, kam e koninkooɓe Muritani. Nde Tuunus heɓi hoore mum o neldaa Saint Cyr janngoyde ganndal konu. Caggal nde o ƴaaŋi Janngirde Toownde Kabaruuji to Dental Dowlaaji Amerik, o fektaa to nokku kalfinaaɗo Kisal Konu.
Golle makko kala o waɗi ɗum ko e nokku kalfinaaɗo ñukkindaade (renseignements), ko ɗum addani ɓurde nanndude e polisiyee hay so tawii ko o koninke o wonnoo.
Tuunus noon ina seerti e Alaseri, tee, Burgibaa, gooto e hooreeɓe leyɗe Aarabeeɓe mo wonaano koninke, ina reentinoo no feewi jom keppiiji en, hono no neɗɗo reentortoo baras nii. Ko ɗum tagnoo mo woɗɗitinde ɓe laamu. E hitaande 1974, nde Tuunus renti balɗe daɓɓe e Libi nde, Kaddaafi waggini Burgibaa yo nom Ben Ali e gardagol sarwisaaji ñukkindagol leydi kesiri ngootiri ndi. Lebbi seeɗa pawtii heen, nde dentugol leyɗe ɗiɗi ɗe roŋki laataade, Burgibaa yaawnii woɗɗinde Ben Ali, neldi ɗum Maruk … Ben Ali noon, ko sehil Kaddaafi no feewi.
Nde iiñce renndo njoli e leydi e hitaande 1978, Burgibaa nodditi mo kadi ngam lappude dille senndikaa e artirde deewre e leydi he. Duuɓi ɗiɗi ɗi o ardii Kisal Kuftodinngal o yamiri pellugol seppooɓe e dummbude yimɓe heewɓe. Ndeen deeƴre artii, o woɗɗitinaa kadi, o waɗaa ammbasadeer to Poloñ.
O nodditaa kadi nde pelɓondire « mburu » mbaɗi e maayirɗe 1983 e darorɗe 1984. O moññi yimɓe, fotde 80 maayɗo. Hankadi o fuɗɗii ŋabbude : O waɗaa Kuuɓal Dowla kalfinaangal kisal, Kalifu geɗe nder leydi. Caggal ɗuum mawɗo hilifaaɓe e hitaande 1987, o hawri e ƴellitagol lislaamiyankooɓe. E oon sahaa, Burgibaa tawi nawnii, hakkille fuɗɗiima yahde : Lismiyaŋkeeɓe 20 ñaawaa warngo yargo, leydi ndi wiyi ina fusa.
- Jamfa laamu e podooje
Heddaninoo Ben Aali tan ko hoccude laamu sibu Burgibaa nattii waawde tee mette keewii. Nde o jamfii laamu nde, ɓesngu leydi ndi fuɓɓani mo, hay lislaamiyaŋkooɓe ɓe. O hunii sompude demokaraasi e wellitde juɓɓule. Duuɓi ɗiɗi gadani ɗi, o waɗii ko o wiynoo : jeeyɗe mbellitaa, haŋkati ko haala mbayliigu tan haaletee. Kono ɗoon e ɗoon o nanngondiri e lislaamiyaŋkooɓe. Hawri oolel ngar-mi ngaraa golfe eelni, hakkillaaji fof ina kucciti e Saddaam sabu yanii e Kowoyt, ina keɗii hakkunde Irak e leyɗe hirnaange e lewru saawiyee 1991, o ummanii halkude lislaamiyankooɓe : o dummbi e maɓɓe fotde 30 000 tergal Enahdaa, hono parti islaamiyanke Tuunus.
Nde tawnoo e oon sahaa jannguɓe nananɓe kala ko hulnooɓe hoto ko heɓtii Alaseri ko yettaade ɗum en, hay gooto e maɓɓe ɗippaani, ellee eɓe ngondi e piggal ngal. Kono, caggal nde o moññi islaamiste en, o raaŋani denndaangal pelle politik e renndo keddiɗe ɗe.
To bannge faggudu, laamu makko waɗi ko teskini. Ko kanko fof fuɗɗii siifondirde e Dental Orop, tee o ummanii ƴellitde faggudu leydi ndi. Gollooɓe faggudu hirnaange koolii ndii leydi ndeeƴndi, keewndi jannguɓe haralleeɓe, ɓe coggu mum en tiiɗaani. Lannda hakkundeejo (classe moyenne) jaɓani mo nde tawnoo o ɓamtii njoɓɗeele, o wellitii ñamaale kaalis. O sosi kadi boon ngam ƴellitde nokkuuji dowry. Banngagol ƴellitaa.
Ɗum fof e wayde noon, hedde kitaale 2000 tawi yimɓe fof kaaɓii ɓiɗtere e kiiɗal ɓurtungal wellitaare, tawi kadi ko ɓuri heewde e sukaaɓe ina njokki jaŋde toownde.
- Leydi kanndaandi
Yimɓe fof ko reenaaɓe, tee ko alaa e sago ndeftoo laamu walla kulɓinee. Kalifu geɗe nder leydi ƴetti ko ina tolnoo e 100 000 neɗɗo, parti laamu ngu, hono RCD limtanaa fotde miliyoŋ tergal. Kala kaalɗo haala demokaraasi jaabee wonde ɓensgu Tuunus heblanaaki ɗuum tawo. Cibooji ngoni haŋkati e mantude ƴellitaare leydi e jojjanɗe aadee e demokaraasi jamyamo, mo nganndu-ɗaa alaa ɗo woodi so wonaa e ɗemngal e kunuɗe naafiqeeɓe. Ellee Muritani e duuɓi Maawiyaa !
Kono caɗeele faggudu Orop ngoppaani Tuunus. Kaŋko e wiyeede sellaani, haɗaani mo birgude manndaa tataɓo e nayaɓo e joyaɓo, tawi ko poolgu ndu «alaa guli», sibu heen laawol fof ko ko ɓuri 90% o heɓata. Ɗum ɗoon yanti e ngaybeela ɓurtuka jom suudu makko lemmbel o, hono Leylaa Trabelsi kam e keyniiko, waɗtuɓe ngalu leydi jeyi mum en keeriiɗo, alaa ko kuli, alaa ko kersi, ina mbaɗa ko mbelaa tawi yimɓe fof ina ƴeewa alaa ɗo wullittee.
Ko ɗum rewi haa jooɗaniiɓe leyɗe goɗɗe (haa arti e Ameriknaaɓe) mbaɗti winndude ina ñiŋa laamu makko, ina nanndina ɗum e mafiyaa. Nde Wikileaks feeñnini ɗeen ñiŋooje, sikkitaare nattani sukaaɓe Tuunus, haa filñitii yiɗde ittude ndee fenaande.


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Ñabbu gooto biyeteeɗo bernal walla kurel walla laañel. Ñawu nguu ina anndiree ɗeeɗoo inɗe tati fof. Bernal ittaa ko e werlaade sabu jaawgol ñawu nguu ; kurel faanditaa heen ko kural ñawu walla maayde ; laañel faanditaa heen ko laañal ñawu walla maayde sabu woni ɗoon ko ñawu ngardoowu no werlannde kural laañal nii e yaawde.
Ñabbu gooto biyeteeɗo bernal walla kurel walla laañel. Ñawu nguu ina anndiree ɗeeɗoo inɗe tati fof. Bernal ittaa ko e werlaade sabu jaawgol ñawu nguu ; kurel faanditaa heen ko kural ñawu walla maayde ; laañel faanditaa heen ko laañal ñawu walla maayde sabu woni ɗoon ko ñawu ngardoowu no werlannde kural laañal nii e yaawde.
Hol maale ñawu nguu ?
Ina teskaa so kernal ina fiɗa nagge, alaa fof ɗo kura ngal ronki yande. So tawii ko e baluwal walla asangal nge fiɗaa, ɗoon e ɗoon a yiyat enge ficca koyngal ngal no memiinge nii. Ɗo nagge ngee fiɗaa ɗoo ɓuutat haa ƴuufa, ɗoon jaaɗa, yoora. So a memii ɗoon tawa ina soñña, to nder too waya no ko waɗi nguufa nii. Nge laƴa laƴal laaɓtungal. Fulɓe ina njerondira tooke bernal e tooke sohre mawnde, yaawnde warde.
So kural ngal fiɗii nagge, so tawii ko e warirde, nde wonata waktuuji seeɗa, tawata ko kural ngal battinii e nagge hee, wara nge. Ina teskaa so wonii balɗe tati nge maayaani, ina hasii nge daɗa. Kono kadi ange waawi maayde caggal balɗe tati ɗee. So ñawu nguu warii nagge ngee, so nge huttaama, a yiyat ɗo nge fiɗiraa ɗoo teewu nguu ina defii haa ɓenndi, ina ɓawli no teewu heeñere nii, tee jofe ɗee mbaɗat gudde ɓaleeje kurum, loowɗe keɗɗe ƴiiƴam ɓalejam. Ko ɗuum waɗi so bernal warii nagge, tergal piɗangal ngal fof ñaametaake, taƴete, weddee ngam hulde hoto tooke ɗee battinde e ñaamɗo teewu nguu oo. Ina teskaa e nguuɗoo ñawu, ngu yiɗaa jaynge : so fiɗaange sumaama tan heewi ko maayde.
Saanga nde ñawu nguu yanata
Nguuɗoo ñawu alaa sahaa e hitaande mo ngu arataa. Kono ngu ɓuri teskeede ko e saanga demminaare, nde toɓo fuɗɗii, hokkere lomtii, haa huɗo fuɗɗii ɗaasɗude, ngaadooji cooyɗi, walla kawle nde huɗo fuɗɗii yoorde, faade e naatirɗe dabbunde. Ina teskaa ko jamma nguuɗoo ñawu heewi feeñde e na’i. Gaynaako finat subaka tan yiya nagge ina laƴa, o annda ko nge fiɗaange.
Fulɓe lollirɓe ngaynaaka ina mbiya kala nde ñawu nguu jogori yande e na’i ina wayi no eɗi tina ; ɗi ngaree olwere nde taƴondirtaa sahaa fof ɗi laawoo no jiyɗi kullel conngowel nii.
Hol ɗo ñabbu nguu heewi yande ?
Ngu heewi yande ko e gooleeje e na’i payɗi. Ko ñawu na’i mbonngu, njaawngu boomde ɗi, gasna worlannde gooleeje no woorunoo. Ñawu nguu ina yana e na’i mawɗi, kono ina teskaa ngu ɓuri yaawrude ko gooleeje tigal, fotii ko tokoose walla ko ƴaake. Ngu heewaani fiɗde fooƴnge, nge heewi fiɗde ko faynge haa maantini.
Hol ko saabotoo nguu ñawu ?
Fulɓe aynaaɓe ina luurdi e sababuuji maggu, tee ko heewi haalaama heen :
– Won wiyɓe addata ñawu nguu ko na’i durooji e copoƴƴi tallo biltirɗi kawle faade dabbunde ;
– Won wiyɓe addata ngu ko na’i durde huɗo seeno ina wiyee siirinngo hokkuko ;
– Won wiyɓe addata ngu ko na’i durde ngaado hokkuko haa sooyɗi tuma nde hokkere juuti ;
– Won wiyɓe addata ngu ko na’i durde huɗo fuɗko e jonkal waatandere lelinoo haa ñoli ;
– Won wiyɓe addata ñawu nguu ko koowoyel tokosel ina wiyee bernal. Bernal ko leñol njambala ina waɗa gasgel junnitiingel fayde nder leydi, ngel saña geese daneejo e damal hee fayde nder, ngel ɓoccina nder too. Ɓe mbiyi ko ngel fiɗata na’i ɗii.
– Won wiyɓe barnal ko ñawu ngu ina jola tan no denndaangal ñawbuuli njoldata nii.
Mbele nguu ñawu ina raaɓa ?
Fulɓe fof ina kawri wonde ñawu nguu ina raaɓa, hay sinno ko teewu magge tan ina raaɓa, so keccu, so ndefaangu. Henndu teewu nguu ina raaɓa. Hay so neɗɗo ñaam teewu nguu, so o sooɗaaki cooɗagol laaɓngol, tawa o sooɗorii ko haako murotooki, so o memii nagge ina raaɓa nge. Durde ɗo fiɗaange durnoo ina raaɓondira na’i, yarde ɗo fiɗaange yarnoo, ina raaɓondira na’i, renndude e fiɗaange lappol, ina raaɓondira na’i.
Hol safaara ñawu nguu ?
Ina woodi sifaaji 8 no fulɓe cafriratnoo ñawu nguu :
– Won loppooɓe haako mucceteeki waggo, ina njarna nagge fiɗaange ngee ;
– Won loppooɓe haako lekki mbiyeteeki aalali, nguboo e ndiyam, nge yarnee ;
– Won loppooɓe haako lawñanndi, ngupoo e ndiyam, nagge ngee ina yarnee ;
– So nagge fiɗaama ɗoon e ɗoon won fesooɓe e dow fiɗannde hee, ɓiɗa ndiyam ɗam yalta ;
– Won urlooɓe loocol lawñanndi e jaynge ha ngol wula, pawa e dow fiɗannde hee ;
– Ina jeyaa e peeje safaruuji ngam haɓtaade ñawu nguu ɓaawo nde ngu naati jofnde haa woodi na’i piɗaaɗi, loowde fetel, debbo tottee yo fellu e nder jofnde hee mbela ñawu nguu ina diwa yalta jofnde ndee ;
– So kurel warii nagge yimɓe ina ngitta ayna aynaare ndee, ɓe ñiɓa heen teemedere giyal mucceteeki. Ɓee heen ubba ɗum nder hudum gooleeje, ɓee heen ligga ɗum e lekki ngonki e laabi-celi. Ɓe mbaɗirta noon ko wiyde ñawu nguu suusaa gite. Ɗo yimɓe mbaɗti e maggu hakkille ina ndaara ngu fof, ngu eggat ɗoon.
– So kurel warii nagge ɓuri moƴƴude ko nge ubbee woto na’i ngarde cusa nge, sabu ina hawraa wonde e ngu raaɓira banngeeji fof. Kadi, so tawii ko nge humanoonge, woto na’i ƴettude ɗoon ñawu nguu. Ɗumɗoo fof dey tawa ndiyam e durngal ina ɓadii, tawa nde oorataa, enge humaa to woɗɗi na’i, nge yettondirtaa e majji fes ha nge sella walla nge maaya.
Hol no ñawu nguu reentortee ?
Fulɓe ina ceerti laabi e deentagol nguuɗoo ñawu. Won e maɓɓe so tinii ñawu nguu naati falnde mum en, kono ngu suwaa yettaade ɓe, eɓe ngadda haako mucceteeki, ɓe cuurkina e nder jofnde hee saanga nde na’i njofi haa lelii ndeeƴi. Ɓe cuurkina banngeeji fof e jofnde hee, ha ki yettoo ɗi. Won e maɓɓe loppata ko ɗaɗi kafafe ɗi njarnee kañji fof. Won e maɓɓe kadi cumat gooleeje mum en ngada beño baluwal e asangal. Yoga e fulɓe ina ubba pantooje boɗeeje e nder jofnde e jookli 4 ɗii fof, ubbee hakkunde ɗoo kadi, waɗee noon. Yoga heen kadi so nanii ñawu nguu e nokku tan ɓe egginat na’i maɓɓe gila piɗaaka.
Ittaa ko e deftere ñawbuuli na’i nde Ceerno Yero Dooro winndunoo e nder kelle 14 haa 18. Yo Alla yurmo mo yaafoo mo.
Muusaa Mammadu lollirɗo Coftuɗo Bah to Jeybaaba wuro Dooro


text:
Sikkanoo ko kaa haala hankati ko ngoppaaka, laamu nguu haaytii teettude leyɗe daande maayo mawngo ina totta ɗum jananinkooɓe. Ndeke yimɓe tinaani maataani, haa wiyaa wonde lefol leyɗe, tuggi Tararsa haa Daarel Barka haa rewo Ɓoggee, laamu ko ko rokki ɗum jom jawɗeele en, jeyaaɓe to Sawuud, yo ngar ndema heen gemhe, e innde sosiyatee biyeteeɗo Raji.
Sikkanoo ko kaa haala hankati ko ngoppaaka, laamu nguu haaytii teettude leyɗe daande maayo mawngo ina totta ɗum jananinkooɓe. Ndeke yimɓe tinaani maataani, haa wiyaa wonde lefol leyɗe, tuggi Tararsa haa Daarel Barka haa rewo Ɓoggee, laamu ko ko rokki ɗum jom jawɗeele en, jeyaaɓe to Sawuud, yo ngar ndema heen gemhe, e innde sosiyatee biyeteeɗo Raji.
E nder ɗuum, kalifu kaalisaaji hono Caam Jommbaar e kalifu ƴellitaare dowri hono Barahim wul Mbaarek nulanooma to Ɓoggee ngam etaade jaɓnude yimɓe diiwaan Erkiis e Ɓoggee ɓee yo ngoppu sosiyatee Sawuudnaajo oo, hono Rajihi rema 31 000 hektaar ndokkaa ɗii, tuggi Tararsa haa komin Buhdiida (18 kiloo hade maa yettaade Eeleega). E nder batuuji ɓe njuɓɓini to Ngeyrinaat (Komin wul Birom) e to Leggaat (departemaa Erkiis) yimɓe ɓee palaani heen gommbal, mbiyi ko njaɓaani tee njaɓataa rokkude ndii leydi ɗo ɓe ndemata e ɗo jawdi maɓɓe oorata. Tee, aɓe ponndi heen fof, sibu ma ɓe ndaro e haɗde Rajihi remde ɗoon so tawii laamu nguu rokkii ɗum nokku oo.
Ciftinen tan ko e batu hilifaaɓe ñalnde 16 saawiyee 2014 laamu nguu ƴetti yamiroore hasde Rajihi leydi ndii.


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Ñalnde talaata 24 jolal (nowammbar) 2020, ko ñalawma niɓɓo wonande Fedde Ɓamtaare Pulaar he Muritani, sibu ko ñalawma sankaare jaalal mawngal fedde ndee, hono Abdullaay Muusaa Sal. Kono kadi, maayde Abdullaay Muusaa Sal ko baasal wonande Muritani kala, wonande ngenndiyankooɓe kala. Waɗi en wiyde noon, Abdullaay idorii ko daranaade jooltugol hakkeeji gollotooɓe (sendikaa) kam e darnde politik ɓamtaare sibu o jeyanooma he PMT (Heerto golle ngo Muritani) e PKM (Heerto Kaadihiin ngo Muritani) e MND (Dillere ngenndiiredemokaraasi ). O jeytoraama he denndaangal kareeli ngam compugol Demokaraasi he nder leydi men, ɗuum ine jeyaa he ko addani mo daranaade ɓamtaare pine e ɗemɗe leƴƴi leydi men kala, haa arti noon e ɗemngal Pulaar. O sankii ko omo woni kalfinaaɗo dallinannde he nder Yiilirde ngenndiire Fedde Ɓamtaare Pulaar he Muritani.
Abdullaay Muusaa Sal jibinaa ko e hitaande 1941 to Kayhayɗi. O naati Fedde Ɓamtaare Pulaar (FƁPM) ko e hitaande 1977. O jeyaama, hakkunde 1988 e 1998 e Goomu rewindo Departemaa heblo-juɓɓingol-ɓeto Duɗal Ɗemɗe Ngenndiije (DƊNG). Hakkunde 1984 e 1988 o golliima to Kalifu dowla kaɓotoongu humambinnaagu e jaŋde ganni (SEAEO), o woni toon mawɗo sarwiis tuugnorɗe jaŋde mawɓe e gardiiɗo taƴre tuugnorɗe e kuutorɗe janngingol. O tawtoraama pottital paatungal e jaŋde mawɓe to Ndakaaru (1992), kam e gollordu gootiɗingol yuɓɓooji binndol Pulaar/Fulfulde e Songay-Sermaa to Bamako. O tawtoraama gollordu ngenndiiru faatundu e miijo e tonngol wonande humpitooji feewde e dallinannde (2012), kam e ñalɗi ngenndiiji ngonka Nehdi e Heblo (2013). Ko o tergal yiilirde ngenndiire FƁPM gila 1985, tee ko kanko heedi e janngingol Karallaagal jaŋde to duɗe keblorɗe fedde ndee gila ndeen haa nde o ruttii he joom makko ndee.
Ko goonga won woɗɓe ndewi he laawol o rewi ngol, kono Abdullaay ine anndiraa ɓure keewɗe goɗɗe, so wonde neɗɗo jom fiɓnde, neɗɗo nuunɗuɗo, neɗɗo pellitɗo, neɗɗo jamyamo, jankiniiɗo, mo ñaayataa caggal… Abdullaay Sal ko ngenndiyanke deƴƴa-golloo.
Fedde Ɓamtaare Pulaar he Muritani ine duwanoo ɓesngu makko, ine duwanoo Muritaninaaɓe no ndiidorinoo. Yo Alla yurmo mo yaafoo mo, yo Alla haarnu mo Aljanna. Aamiin.
Fooyre Ɓamtaare
Seedantaagal Kajjata Maalik Jallo he hello mum facebook, yonii seedanfaagu, o winndii toon :
“Abdullaay Muusa Sal, lollirđo Ablaay Sal tergal Yiilirde Ngenndi Fedde Bamtaare Pulaar Fɓpm ruttiima e joom mum subaka hannde. Ndaw baasal, ndaw sunaare !
E kala ko fayti e ɓamtaare ɗemɗe ngenndiije, teeņti e pulaar, Ablaay Sal ko jom golle, jom darnde, jom fiɓnde mo alaa dille ! Ablaay Sal wonii hooreejo peņgal Sammba Baydi to Sebkha, o wonii tergal Yiilirde Ngenndi gardiiɗo tummbudu “Fooyre Bamtaare “, kalfinaaɗo jaņde, kalfinaaɗo dallinannde (plaidoyer) jaņde ɗemɗe ngenndiije. Ko maayde tan seerndi Ablaay e golle FBPM !
Ablaay Sal kadi ko dawriyanke teskanooɗo e dillere ngenndiire MND, tergal UFD haa wonti UFD/ERE NOUVELLE. O jeyaa e lannda AC, e APP. E ko wattindii koo, o deestinooma dawrugol.
Ko nganndu-mi Ablaay Sal e hitaande 1980 fayde hannde, mi nanaani e mum konngol jooɗtoriɗngol, kanko, nanondirde e maaɗa e waasde nanondirde e maa fof.”


text:
Laana Turkeneewa njeyaaka e « beforgel ndimaagu ». iwdi : «free Gaza Movement»
Ko haa mande aduna oo fof hebori huccitde e Israayiil tan ina woppi ɗum ina waɗa ko welaa ? Mate deftere kam janngirtaake banndum ? Ndeen, e hitaande 1990, nde Saddaam Huseyn jartodini, yani e leydi Kuwoyt, law maalde tafaa e gardagol Amerik.
Laana Turkeneewa njeyaaka e « beforgel ndimaagu ». iwdi : «free Gaza Movement»
Ko haa mande aduna oo fof hebori huccitde e Israayiil tan ina woppi ɗum ina waɗa ko welaa ? Mate deftere kam janngirtaake banndum ? Ndeen, e hitaande 1990, nde Saddaam Huseyn jartodini, yani e leydi Kuwoyt, law maalde tafaa e gardagol Amerik.
Nde riiwi Saddaam, yaltini ɗum Kuwoyt, jam lutti roni, kono kadi, ɓe njawnoraa ɗum e hitaande 2003, Amerik takki Saddamn wonde jogaade kaɓirɗe boomooje ɗe bonannde ɓurtunde (armes de destruction massives) : ɗum firti ko Iraak wontii leydi bonannde wonande aduna oo, ɗum noon, sariya oo ko yo Saddam femmbe. Paamee ɗoo noon, e miijo maɓɓe, ko doole ɗe Saddaam jogii hannde ɗe (ɗe ɓe ndokkunoo ɗum e sahaa nde haɓata e Iraan) ko kulɓiniiɗe wonande dowla Israayiil, mo ɓe ndadi o. Ɗum noon, feere mum ko wolde nde «maalde leyɗe hirnaange» umminoo feewde e Iraak, ɓe mboomi leydi ndi, ɓe ndewi haa ɓe nyaawi Saddaam waɗa yarga.
Kono wanaa ɗum wonnoo tiitoonde winndannde men, sabu woƴi en hannde ko njangu ngu dowla Israayiil e laana cuurki njolnunooka nguura, kaɓirɗe e leɗɗe safaara, ina tiindini ɗum to lefol Gaasaa (leydi Palestiin) ɗo nganndu-ɗaa ko ina tolnoo jooni e duuɓi tati, Israayiil ko ko uddi ɗum, alaa ko naatata alaa ko yaltata, etee, ɗum fof ko e ɓurndoolaagu tan. Daliilu maɓɓe e majjum ko sabu ko fedde wiyeteende Hamaas laami e ngool lefol hannde, etee e miijo maɓɓe, «ɓeen ko seɓɓitiiɓe, maa mbaɗtu huutoraade nokku oo ina naatna kaɓirɗe ɗe kuccinta e leydi maɓɓe». Kaan laana ngondunooka e laaɗe joy goɗɗe kanyje fof ɗe njolnunoo ko nguura e kaɓirɗe safaara, koltu ekn…etee ko leƴƴi keewɗi (aarabeeɓe e tuubakooɓe) teeŋti noon e Turki en, juɓɓuɗe e pelle njurum-ndeeraagu e hoohooɓe maantinɓe, kamɓe fof faandaare maɓɓe tan ko faabaade lefol Gaasaa caɗangol geɗe fof jowitiiɗe e nguurndam aadee. E nder jamma altine 31 mee 2010, konu Israayiil yani e maɓɓe e nder maayo etee wonaa hay e nder keeri maayo mum, kono ko e keeri maayo winndereyankeeji (so tawii won potɗo hanndaade oon nokku ko ONU jogii oon hakke), ɓe mbari fotde yimɓe njeenayo e maɓɓe, kanyum en fof ko Turki en, gooto e maɓɓe noon jeyaa hannde ko e dowla Amerik.
Ndeen hitaande kadi, so oɗon ciftora, ko hono nii Israayiil yanirnoo e Liban, ɓe uni ɗum bommbooje haa naji, ɓe mbonni kuɓeeje mum en e kaɓirɗe mum en ƴellitaare, ɓe mboomi pittaali keewɗi, ɗum fof kadi woytoraandu mum ko soldaat maɓɓe nanngaama etee ko fedde wiyeteende Hisbullah, tuddinnde to Liban, dummbi ɗum, ina werloo e maɓɓe roketaaji : ƴeewee tan so tawii bonannde nde ɓe mbonni Liban nde, ina fotndee e naŋngugol soldaat walla rokketaaji gaaynaaɗi e won e gure Israayiil tawi ko heewi heen alaa ko mbonni. Kono tan, so Alla jaɓi ɓe njaawataa ko fayi arde waɗtude ɗuum, sabu Gawlo wullaani ɓe toon, tawde wonii ko Fedde Hisbullah tan dartii ɓe haa ɓe taggi kaake maɓɓe ɓe kooti. Aduna oo fof heɓtini e oon sahaa woni go’o nde konu Israayiil telɓinaa, woni ko gacce kootani ɓe.
Hol ko addi dummbude lenyol no woorunoo, falonoo ɗum hay hakke jojjuɗe ɗe Alla rokki ɗum : nyaamde, yarde, safraade e rewde Alla ko adii nii nde renndo aadeejo heɓtinanta ɗum. Aduna oo fof wullii, mettini e balle Israayiil bonɗe waɗata ɗe, hay Amerik (ballidiiɗo maɓɓe) felii ɓe heen, hay so tawii noon feloore nde ina yawnii. Yimɓe heewɓe njaakorinoo ko e gardagol Obomaa, maa wood ko waylii e darnde Amerik feewde e Israayiil ; kono noon haa jooni ko ɗo wonnoo tan woni, hay so tawii nii eɗen keptinani mo kam haala ɓurka nuunɗude e ka Bush, ko feewti e Israayiil. Ayiiba mawnanii ɓe, kamɓe fof e noflaade geɗe keewɗe ngolɗoo laawol, nde wonde hay wallidiiɓe maɓɓe kollitii ɓe ngondaani e maɓɓe, etee kartiima ɓe, yoo ɓe ngaccit yimɓe ɓe ɓe nanngi ɓe. Ɗum addanii ɓe yamɗude e ɗaccitde ɓeen fof, hay maale deestagol maɓɓe e uddo Gasaa fuɗɗiima feenyde : ɓe mbiyi wonde e «ɓe keblanii jaɓde doole goɗɗe tawa ko ɗe leyɗe aduna oo kala tafi, ngara lomtoo ɓe e saraaji Gasaa, kamɓe ɓe ummoo ɗoon » . Ɗum firti ko « hare no wayi waade fof ɓuri yah mi woppidiima e Alla».
Kono noon, onon banndiraaɓe, ko Israayiil ko kam ko haa mande ? «Sidere wootere tan yo wuddin weendu » ; Israayiil yo jooɗo e leyɗeele janane, saloo ummaade heen (Palestiin ko gila e kitaale 1945) walla kadi wiya ko sariya mum dogata e hay e leyɗeele dimɗuɗe (Liban e Laamanteeri Palestiin) tawa en kaalaani ko ɓe ciifondirnoo e dowla Ejipt e Siiri caggal wolde balɗe jeegom (guerre de 6 jours) e hitaande 1967. Etee ɗum fof dey aduna oo fof inan hucciti e maɓɓe alaa ko waawi heen : kawraaɗe ƴetteteeɗe to Fedde Ngenndiije dentuɗe fof (so tawii kay Amerik jaɓii) ciynetaake, hay nanondire ɗe Israa’iil nanondirtee so nattii weleede tan, jooɗoo ɗaa, wiya wultiima, yo dille mon ndew on. Ina laaɓi tan Israayiil won ɗo fawi reewendere mum nde, etee ko ɗo tiiɗi.
Banndiraaɓe ina moƴƴi paamen wonde hannde, hare kaɓɓondiral e lenyol Palestiin ko huunde waɗɗiinde bani Aadama en kala, ko aldaa e paltoor : boɗeejo heen, ɓaleejo heen, juulɗo heen, keefeero heen, sabu hare ndee ko hare ndimaagu, hare jojjanɗe aadee, hare kaɓtagol toonyaŋnge e ɓur-ndoolaagu. E kitaale tuggi haare winndere adannde haa yettani maa ɗimmere nde, aduna oo fof darinooma ngam haɓtaade bonanndeeji kuccinanooɗi e yahuud en (juifs) e nder leyɗeele Orop ɗe : dummbugol maɓɓe e tuddule warngooji, warngooji ɓurtuɗi e nder cuuɗi gaas, juɗgol maɓɓe e fuuruuji e daayle maɓɓe e nder aduna oo kala, aduna oo fof sunaninooma ɓe e ndeen bonannde. Ko ɗum hannde dowla Israa’iil foti miijtaade, annda toonyañnge moƴƴaani, etee Dowla ina waawi mahaade e keefeeru kono waawataa mahaade e toonañnge. Yeru mum ko laamuyel paltoor Afirik bannge worgo, bonande nde mum alaa ɗo haaɗnoo haa sikkaa ko huunde nde joofataa, kono nyalnde Alla felliti firtude ɗum nde, neli ko Nelson Manndelaa kuutoriiɗo fetel e feere, haa firti laamuyel paltoor. Woni Laamu duumiingu ngu gasataa haa bada tan ko ngu joomiraaɗo jom baawɗe o, ko heddii koo fof ko luɓal seyɗaane. Yo Alla waɗan Palestiin no waɗirani Afrik bannge worgo nii.
Maamuudu Haaruuna Joop


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Ñalawma gooto e ñalawmaaji, ñalɗi Alla ina keewi limotaako, saqqa heɓi gorko gooto, saqqa jippaade ndaɗɗudi nattugol ngoraagu. Gorko oo ko desɗo rewɓe tato sukaaɓe, tee o jibidinii e gooto heen fof. Nde saqqa oo juuti e makko o renndini rewɓe ɓee o haalani ɓe ko heɓtii-mo ko. O holli ɓe joɗnde alanaa-mo ko o jahoowo safroyaade haa ɗo o dañoyi jam fof. Ɗuum noon o waawaa happande ɓe nde o artata ɓayri ko noon ɗum siforii, o naamnii ɓe heen miijo maɓɓe.
Kamɓe rewɓe ɓee fof ɓe mbaɗti konngol ngol e jeewo o. Jeewo o heɓɓitii wiyi : « nde a aldaa e saqqa nde, alaa ko kollu-ɗaa min so wonaa jam e newaare, ɗum noon, minen ne, min mbaawata tan ko muñande ma, cafroyo-ɗaa haa ndañaa jam ». Ndeen, gorko o heblii, yuɓɓini joɗnde maɓɓe gila e ñaamdu haa e koltu, fotde duuɓi ɗidi. O fewji njooɓaari, o waynii moƴƴuɓe wuro, omo juuroyoo. Wuro ngo fof renndi, seedtii moƴƴeere makko : ɓe nduwii yo Alla humtu haaju makko waɗa jaaƴnde! Gorko oo wakkii sasa mum dawi, ñalli yahde haa naange darii e hoore. O ɗomɗi sabu ko e ceeɗu ŋeeleelu wonaa. Omo lemoo haa o sooynii ɓunndu, o fayi e mayru haa o ƴooga ndiyam ko o yari. O jolni baagal, o jumpi ngal, o safi boy yalti wiyi mo : “yoo alla yoɓ ñamaande ! Kono neɗɗo gonɗo nder o, woto yaltin ɗum nimsaa”! O joltini baagal, o safi, o ƴeeŋni e baagal he ko waandu! Ndu diwi ndu darii ɗaa, ndu wiyi mo : “yoo Alla yoɓ ñamaande ! Kono neɗɗo gonɗo nder o, woto yaltin mo nimsaa”. Ndu dogi ndu sokkii e buruure! Gorko o moosi, wiyi e ɓernde mum : “hol fof no boy e waandu njoɓirta mi ñamaande am?” O safi goɗngol, o yaltini mboddi. Ndi laylayti ndi heɓi ɗaa, ndi wiyi mo : “yo Alla yoɓ ñamaande ! Kono neɗɗo gonɗo nder o, woto yaltin mo nimsaa!” Ndi sokkii e dulndu… Gorko o, e ɗomka mum joltini baagal ngal, safi, mbaroodi taktakiri yalti. Ndi darii ɗa, ndi wiyi mo : “hol ko adinooɓe ɓee mbiy maa? Gorko o wiyi : “ɓe kaalii konnguɗi ɗiɗi : go’o “yo Alla yoɓ ñamaande”; ɗiɗi “won ko woni to nder woyndu to, wiyetee ko neɗɗo, woto mi yaltin mo, mi nimsita. So mi yaltinaani neɗɗo banndi am, hol mo njaltintu-mi. So ɗuum ɓennii, ɗaminii-mi waawi yoɓde mi golle am, ko neɗɗo, wanaa onon kullon ladde. mbaroodi ndii wiyi mo : « nan ko ɓe kaali ko, so wonaa ɗuum maa a ŋat feɗeendu maa piccaa! » Miin ne mbiɗo wiy maa “yo Alla yoɓ ñamaande” !. Mbaroodi ullii e ladde! Gorko joltini baagal safi, murlo ko’el hono neɗɗo yalti fokkiti, o ƴeeƴaaki mo saka wiya mo, « a jaraama ». Gorko joltini baagal, safi ndiyam yari haa ɗomditi fokkiti jokki ɗanngal mum. Fotde balɗe joyi o yettaaki e wuro. O tampii yahdu, o heyɗii te o yiyaani wuro ngo. O heɓi les lekki ɓuuɓki omo fooftoo. Ɗoyngol jaggi mo, o ɗaanii haa naange ari e deb-debinde. O feerti gite makko o yiyi boy ena darii ena ndaara mo. Boy oo heɓtini mo wiyi mo “a heptinii kam?” Gorko oo wiyi “alaa, mi heptinaani ma”. Boy oo wiyi mo “ko miin woni boy mo njaltinno-ɗaa e woyndu. Mbiɗo anndi ko ummin maa, saqqa mo ngondu-ɗaa, tee mbiɗo waawi safrude ma jooni. fad am ɗo”! Boy oo naati e ladde addi toon kaakooli leɗɗe wiyi mo “monñu haako ko jooni jooni e ndiyam, moomo-ɗaa, so alla jaɓii ma a dañ jam”. Gorko oo waɗi ko wiyaa ko, dañi jam. O yeeƴii boy o, o wiyi mo “a jaraama”. Boy o wiyi mo “alaa woto yettu am, ñamlel ko joɓel”. Gorko o jokki e ɗanngal mum. Boy o jokki e murde murotooɗe mum. Gorko o ena yaha e nder sutu mawɗo, haa barooɗe taktake pirlii mo. Mawndi ndii darii, ndaari mo wiyi mo : “a heptinii kam? Gorko o wiyi “alaa“. Ndi wiyi mo “ko miin njaltinno-ɗaa e woyndu, ar njahen ɗo hodorde am ɗo, mbaalaa haa weeta, mi duus ma haa paando-ɗaa wuro, so wonaa ɗuum a sonngete”. Gorko oo yettii e hoɗorde mbaroodi. O jippinaa ; leelaani mbaroodi ndi jaggoyi lella addani mo. Gorko o hirsi lella ba, hutti, juɗi, o waali ƴakkude. Nde weetnoo, ndi naamnii mo hoore laawol makko, o humpiti ndi saqqa mo o wonndunoo e no o ɗacciri galle makko e no boy safriri mo. Mbaroodi wiyi mo “ɗuum noon fad am ɗo ha mi dañan maa njooɓaari e ko nawtu-daa galle maa“. Mbaroodi ndi hippoyii e laawol haa alla addi kuurtungu ɓiyi laamɗo ene nawee to gorko mum. Mbaroodi laawi ɓe, wari heen ko heewi wari ɓiy laamɗo o, mbaroodi ndii itti kaŋŋe e cuɗaari ɓiy laamɗo e yahdiiɓe mum fof e koltuuji mum en, ndi addani gorko o, ndi duusi mo ha o sooynii jubuli cuuɗi, o waynondiri e mayri. Gorko oo naati wuro o naamnii galle joom wuro ngoo o hollaa. O jippii ɗoon. Ndeke joom wuro ngo ko neɗɗo mo o yaltinnoo e woyndu o. Gorko oo jooɗtorii ko so oon heptinii mo, maa teddin mo ko ɓuri ko kullon kon teddini mo ko. Njaatigi oo salmini mo salminaango maayngo, koɗo o habri laawol mum wonde ko julanke, tee ena jogii ko o yiɗi firlitde. O yaltini kaŋŋe e kaalis daneejo mo o heɓnoo e mbaroodi, o holli mo. Ɗoon e ɗoon reedu njaatigi makko ena seekoo ena ñootoo haa o yettii e laamɗo gonduɗo e sunu yimɓe kurtungu bajjo mum waraaɓe ɓe. Njaatigi oo wiyi laamɗo o, mi yiytii barɗo ɓiye e yahdiiɓe mum. Laamɗo ena lelinoo haftii: “hol to o woni haa mi waɗa mo ko ɓuri bonde ko o waɗi ɓesnguuji men ɗi”. O wiyi : « omo na galle am ». Ɗoon e ɗoon kurkaali pinngal laamɗo ndewi e joom wuro haa njettii e galle mum. Ɓe kaɓɓi koɗo, ɓe ngaddi e yeeso laamɗo o, o marngilaa e lekki hakkunde galle haa tiidi keŋ, hade makko wareede! Tawi lekki ki o marngilaa kii noon waandu ena to dow makki. Gorko o wallinaa ɗoon. Nde yahi haa gaabiiji leyli, yimɓe lelii, waandu jippii, ari e gorko o. Ndu wiyi mo: “ko miin woni waandu ndu ƴeeŋnuuno-ɗaa e woyndu. Njoɓdi am e maa, ma mi yah jooni ladde mi addoya mboddi ndi paabino-ɗaa to woyndu to. Kayri ne ndi yoɓ maa golle maa moƴƴe sabu so neɗɗo waawaa ñamlude ko moƴƴi kam, yo waaw yoɓde! Waandu ndu yahi addoyi mboddi ndii haa e galle laamɗo o. Mboddi ndii takkii e gorko o, ndi wiyi mo: “maa mi soppoy jooni laamɗo o, tee tooke am so cammitaaka ko barooje, ɗuum noon so mi soppii mo maa mi wiy mo yo o ar e maa, ko aan gooto waawi sammitde mo. Oon saanga mbiyaa safrata mo ko ngaandi joom wuro waɗdee e lekki he. Mboddi ndii totti mo kaakooli ledde, ndi ɓenni suudu laamɗo ndi soppi laamɗo o, ndi turii e nofru laamɗo hee ndi habri ɗum no o sammitortoo. Laamɗo o, nde soppaaa ndee wulli, reenooɓe mum mbaɗdi e mum adaa. Ɓe ƴeewi kono alaa ko ɓe njiyi; ɓe naamnii laamɗo o ko ɗum woni, laamɗo o wiyi ɓe: “ko mboddi soppi mi, keño-ɗee ngaddanoyee kam sammitooɓe jooni jooni gila mi maayaani”. Yimɓe ɓee carii. Sammitooɓe arnooɓe ɓee fof ndoŋki. Gorko kaɓɓaaɗo o wiyi: “miin mbiɗo waawi sammitde mo“. Leelaani gorko oo haɓɓitaa… O naati suudu laamɗo o, o yaltini basel makko, o wiyaa lekki kii waɗdetee ko e ngaandi joom wuro. Joom wuro o ena darinoo ɗoon, wiyi ena doga, tawi feraama, hoore e daande ceertii. ɓooytaani hoore joom wuro fusaa ngaandi ndii jiiɓdaa e kaakooli ɗi mboddi ndii addannoo mo ko. O wiyi : “jooni njoɓdi am, ko so a sellii, peccen laamateeri maa, mi nawa heen feccere”. Laamɗo oo wiyi “mi jaɓii sabu siftorde ko mboddi ndii wiynoo mo ko : “so a jamfiima cafroowo o, a maayat”. Goorko oo safri mo ha o selli. laamɗo o fecci laamu mum; gorko oo ƴetti geɗal mum, nelani galle mum, joɗɗini peŋgal mum. Ɓooytaani laamɗo o hawri e lajal; gorko o rentini geɗe ɗiɗi fof jooɗtii e jappeere laamu. Ko hono nii tinndol ñamlel ko joɓel gasiri… Ɗuum ɗoo tinndini ko neɗɗo yo ñamlu ko moƴƴi : leeli juuti fof maa o yoɓe moƴƴere. So wonaani to ɓe o moƴƴani ɓe, wona to woɗɓe, sabu ko joom men tagɗo en o wiyi: “yeebotaako njoɓdi moƴƴinɓe, moƴƴu, moƴƴanaa, moƴƴine-ɗaa, moƴƴane-ɗaa… Yo Allahu waɗan en jam.
Kuɗol Rugi Soh
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Ñalnde 2 mee 2013, batu pattamlamu jooɗiima e nder galle sukaaɓe Ɓooyɗo (Ancienne Maison des Jeunes). Yuɓɓini nguun batu ko denndaangal hardaneeɓe wonɓe e nder lanndaaji politigi ɗii kala, e nder pelle renndo ɗee walla nii tawa ko yontaaɓe hinnde ndee tan; gila e dipiteeji maɓɓe haa e annduɓe maɓɓe ekn… Faandaare maɓɓe ko bayyinde kaayit gullittooɗo “ɓittere e paltoor nde hardaneeɓe nguuri e nder leydi Moritani” gila e jamanuuji ganni haa e ñalaande hannde ndee.
Ñalnde 2 mee 2013, batu pattamlamu jooɗiima e nder galle sukaaɓe Ɓooyɗo (Ancienne Maison des Jeunes). Yuɓɓini nguun batu ko denndaangal hardaneeɓe wonɓe e nder lanndaaji politigi ɗii kala, e nder pelle renndo ɗee walla nii tawa ko yontaaɓe hinnde ndee tan; gila e dipiteeji maɓɓe haa e annduɓe maɓɓe ekn… Faandaare maɓɓe ko bayyinde kaayit gullittooɗo “ɓittere e paltoor nde hardaneeɓe nguuri e nder leydi Moritani” gila e jamanuuji ganni haa e ñalaande hannde ndee.
Mbele ɗum ko aada e nder Muritani ?
Cifotoren
Dillere waande nii fuɗɗii e leydi hee ko e hitaande 1966. Ko ɓaleeɓe walla kam mbiyen jannguɓe mum mbayyinnoo wullitaango lollirngo “Manifeste des 19” (Wullitaango sappo e njeenayo), tawi faandaare maɓɓe wonnoo ko yiɗde hollitde wonde dawrugol “ƴellitgol ɗemngal arab” ngol laamu Muttaar wul Daddaa (yo Alla ɓuuɓan mo) ummanii e nder leydi Muritani faanditaa heen ko ɗawde ɓaleeɓe, ɓe yoga e mum en, jogitiiɓe njuɓɓudi laamu ngu, njanngi ko ɗemngal e pinal Farayse. Ɗum addi fitina mawɗo e nder leydi he : pelɓondiral e liisee Nuwaasoot, geddooji golle e nder administaraasiyoŋ jaaɓtoraaɗi ndiiwgu e golle e dummbugol e kasooji.
Dillere ɗimmere ndee waɗi ko e hitaande 1986, caggal nde yoga e pelle politigi ɓaleeɓe gonnooɗe e suuɗaare, ndenti, cosi fedde wiyeteende FLAM. Ko ndeen fedde bayyinnoo “Manifeste du négro-mauritanien opprimé” (Wullitaango ɓaleejo muritaninaajo kiiɗaaɗo). Bayyinaango ngoo ngoo holliraama haa to batu hooreeɓe leyɗeele Afrik renndunooɓe to Simmbaabuwee (Zimbabwé). Laamiiɗo leydi ndii e oon sahaa, hono Maawiya jaagi ɓe, lepti ndeen fedde lepte bonɗe, urɓi leñam-leñameeɓe aarabeeɓe, ɗum reɓi haa wonti sawru gumɗo, huccinaandu e ɓaleeɓe kala, teeŋti noon e haalpulaar en. Ina walliti ɗeen geɗe kadi pollugol laamu ngu won e sukaaɓe ɓaleeɓe etinoo waɗde e oktoobar 1987. Ko ɗum saabii warngo etinooɓe follude laamu nguu, taccingol ɓaleeɓe e pefgol jawdi mum en, warngooji ɓaleeɓe daande maayo e soldateeɓe maɓɓe e denndaangal bonanndeeji kuccinanooɗi e ɓaleeɓe, teeŋti noon e haalpulaar en. Ellee maa mbiyaa ko laamu nguu, e ballal leñam-leñameeɓe safalɓe ndañi ko hujja no mumtiri ɓaleeɓe e nder leydi hee.
Wullitaango hardaneeɓe
Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e loowdi kaayit oo, ko hollitde geɗe ɗiɗi : taariik macungaangu e batte mum e hardaneeɓe e wasiyaaji ɗi ɓe njogii ngam ñawndude oon saqqa, baawɗo tonngireede nii e nder haala maɓɓe : «E nder nguurndam ñalnde kala, joñgol hardaneeɓe ko huunde laaɓtunde, etee ko huuftodinnde. Ɗuum ina feeñi e ŋakkugol jaŋde e keɓgol ɓure juɓɓule renndo gorwore, e ɗawre yaajnde e nder ngaluuji ngenndi ndii. Ngonka kuftodinka renndo hardaneeɓe ina maantiniri kadi macungaagu e batte mum : ɗawre, humambinnaagu e baasal ina ndoolni e maɓɓe e dow yeebaare laamuuj.» Ɓe ndokki dalilaaji keewɗi tawi ko ɓetooji tolno martaba maɓɓe e leydi hee. Ndokken heen yeruuji seeɗa : E nder qiima maɓɓe, keeweendi hardaneeɓe hannde ina tolnoo, e nder renndo hee, e 50% (feccere renndo ngoo), ɗum fof e wayde noon, ɓe teskii ko :
– e nder 1 400 000 neɗɗo hiisaaɓe ko waasɓe e nder leydi hee, heen 80% (1 120 000) ko hardaneeɓe;
– e nder 1 500 000 neɗɗo hiisaaɓe ko humambinneeɓe ɓee, heen 85% (1 275 000) ko hardaneeɓe;
– ko ina tolnoo e 90% remooɓe ɓee ngalaa leydi ko e maɓɓe;
– ko ɓuri 90% roondotooɓe saakuuji ko e maɓɓe;
– e nder teemedere 100 sanɗa janngoowo e duuɗe jaaɓi haatirde ko 5 heen fat (5%) ngoni hardaneeɓe heɓooɓe bursiiji ;
– tuggi 1957 haa 2013, e nder 600 hilifaaɓe laamu (ministres) toɗɗaaɓe, ko 20 heen tan ngoni hardaneeɓe ;
– e nder 500 ofiseeji militeer, hardaneeɓe heen timmaani 40 ;
– e nder ko ina ɓura 1 000 almaami jamaa, ko woni heen hardaane ɓuraani 10, laawɗinaaɓe to bannge laamu;
E raɓɓinaade tan, sabu doggol ngol ɓurii ɗoo juutde, alaa ko ngol ɗali e ceŋɗe renndo hee kala, wullitaango hardaneeɓe ngoo holliti tan ko wonde ko ɓe ɗawaaɓe e geɗe leydi ndii, etee saabii ɗum ko iwdi maɓɓe macungaagu.
Ɓe teeŋtinii, e nder ndeen ɗawre, joñgol maɓɓe e nder konu sabu, ndiiɗoon njuɓɓudi hannde, so yimɓe mum ina ƴettee ko maa seɗee, e nder ɗuum feere fof ina sakkee mbele “ofiseeji hardaneeɓe ina mbaasa hoonaade e nder ardorde konu nguu”, rewrude e kawgelaaji ɗi laaɓtaani. Ko ɓuri huutoreede e nder larme hannde ko ƴettugol heedi-heeda, tuugiingol e banndiraagu, leñam-leñaagu, mbele ardorde konu nguu ina ngona yimɓe jokkooɓe mbaadi laamu nguu no siforii hannde nii, ɓe “njoña leƴƴi goɗɗi ɗii teeŋti noon e hardaneeɓe”.
Ɓe kolliti kadi wonde so tawii yaakoranoo ko laawɗingol jeyi leydi e rewrude e sariya 83-127 mo hitaande 1983 maa newnan hardaneeɓe samba-remooru en dañde leydi ko nguurdi, ɗum ɓeydi ko faaɗtinande ɓe, sibu waaliiji (guverneeruuji) e ñaawooɓe fof keeranii ko jaannduuji e lawakooɓe, sabu banndiraagal walla jeydeede e hinnde wootere, tawi noon kuule ɗe ƴettata ɗee kala, mbiyata ko e innde dowla.
Ko fawaade e ɗee geɗe kala, addani kaayit wullitaango dental hardaneeɓe oo, caggal ñiŋooje mum e sifaa renndo Muritani ngoo, gila dawa dawi, sakkitde miijooji e peeje no nuunɗal e potal foti ndaartireede, ngam ñawndude ɗeen caɗeele.
Kaayit oo hollitii wonde, ko lolliri e yonta jooni oo “heedi-heedaagu naftoowu” (discrimination positive), ina foti huutoreede e kala dawrugol baawngol lelneede ngam ñawndude “gagga hardaneeɓe”. E nder ɗuum, miijooji keewɗi (ko ina tolnoo e capanɗe tati toɓɓere) cakkitaama, ko ɓuri teeŋtude e majji ko :
– Ko adii fof ko yuɓɓinde yeewtere yaajnde hakkunde ceŋɗe leydi ndi kala ngam lelnude dabi dowla dentuɗo, gaddaniiɗo ɓesngu mum kala potal e nuunɗal; caggal ɗum ƴetta kuule maantinɗe potɗe naftude miskineeɓe e ɗawaaɓe e nder renndo, ngam rokkitde ɓe hakkeeji maɓɓe to bannge politigi, faggudu e pinal….
– E ɓe teeŋtini jaŋde e nehdi e yeeso sompude nokkuuji keeriiɗi kuufɗi teheeɗe hardaneeɓe, tawa jaŋde ndee ina rokkee himme tigi rigi (gila e mahngo duɗe, addude jannginooɓe waawɓe, geɗe janngirɗe e peeje juumtuɗe janngingol e oon nokku); hare mumtugol humambinnaagu ko laawol potngol teeŋtineede e nder renndo hardaneeɓe.
– Addude waylo-waylo e ndema e sifaa jeyi leydi e nder Muritani, tawa ina feccitoo ndi, “labbo fof e tunnde mum” teeŋtina miijo wonde “foti jeyde leydi ko demoowo ɗum”. Ɗu fof noon, waawata jaalɗude ko tawa peeje remru ina mbaylee, remooɓe ƴaañee, mballitee kaɓirɗe e jawdi ko liggorii.
– Tabitingol sariya karminɗo njiyaagu oo; sakkude peeje mbele renndo ngoo ina hiñee, ko yiytaa heen joomum en ina ngoni e ɓoggol tawo, ndimɗinee, lohnooɓe heen ɓee ndokkee ndaamordi.
– Ƴeewtaade sarɗiiji peccitagol laamu, sabu ɓe njiɗi e ko fayi arde, e nder juɓɓule doosɗe leydi ndii (gowornama, postooji toowɗi administrasiyoŋ oo, guwernooruuji e perefeeji …) tawa heen teemedere palaas fof, heen capanɗe nay ndokketee ko hardaneeɓe (40%), so tawii ɗum winndete walla kam nanondiree e tabitino hay so winndaaka.
– Newnande hardaneeɓe, rewrude e feere “heedi-hedaagu naftoowu” mbele eɓe mbaawa fiileede e juɓɓule woote ɗee (asaammbele, meeriiji, ekn…) haa ɗum ɓeyda keewal maɓɓe e nder heen, waasa wayde no waanoo addan nii (hakkunde 1% et 2%).
E raɓɓinaade tan, kaayit maɓɓe oo alaa fannu mo woppi, gila to bannge jaŋde, golle e sifaa kuuftidinɗo, koɗorɗe, kuutoragol jaayɗe, gardagol jumaaji e jamaaji ekn… E nder ɗiin fannuuji kala, ɓe ɗaɓɓi ko yo potal naatne heen, hardaneeɓe keɓa geɗal mum en.
Ko seerndi wullitaango hardaneeɓe ngo e gullitaali ɓaleeɓe ɓennuɗi ɗi
Gullitaali ɗii kala ɗaɗol ngol ko gootol : “ko ɗawre ɓurɓe jogitaade hannde ginol laamu tawi njeya ko e leñol safalɓe woɗeeɓe feewde e leƴƴi ɓaleeɓe ɗii e hinnde hardaneeɓe (safalɓe ɓaleeɓe)”, ko ɗum waɗi yoga e yimɓe hiisoraade ɗum no “ɗawre añam-leñaagu huccinaande e nguru ɓaleewu”. Ko laaɓti koo tan, ɓaleeɓe afiriknaaɓe ɓee ko yawatnooɓe ngonka mum en e nder leydi hee, kono maa mbiya ko hannde ɗum ɓuri bonde kadi. To bannge hardaneeɓe too, ɓeen, gila e maayirɗe kitaale 70, jannguɓe mum en ko yuurnitiiɓe fiyakuuji leydi ndii, ko ɓe ɗaɓɓuɓe geɗal maɓɓe keeringal sabu won e maɓɓe nii mbiyata “laamu Muritani ko moojobere leƴƴi ɓaleeɓe afiriknaaɓe ɓee e safalɓe woɗeeɓe”.
Kono, ina moƴƴi won e geɗe laɓɓitinee, hol e leƴƴi hee ɗi hardaneeɓe limtetee? Mbele ko e leñol safalɓe walla ko e leñol ɓaleeɓe? Won e ɓaleeɓe njiɗi ko rentitinde ɓaleeɓe fof e nder leydi hee (ma a taw ko yiɗde fooɗanaade keewal) e moɓɓolde wootere, moɓɓolde heddiinde ndee safalɓe wooɗeeɓe ɓee keedta toon, mbaɗa hakkeeji ɓaleeɓe fof ko gootum etee, “ko safalɓe woɗeeɓe njaɓɓi hakkeeji maɓɓe”. Kono won e hardaneeɓe kadi njiɗi waɗtude hinnde hardaneeɓe ndee ko no leñol nii, ngol alaa ko jotondiri ɗum e safalɓe woɗeeɓe hay dara, so wonaa ko ɓeen kalfunoo ɓe, jooni ɓe njiɗi ko taƴde ɓoggi maɓɓe.
Ko selli koo tan, so tawii leñol sifortee ko ɗemngal, pinal e aadaaji mum, hardanaaɓe kiisetee ko safalɓe tan hay so tawii noon ina gasa tawa to iwdi, ko ɓe ɓaleeɓe afriknaaɓe ɓe ngonnoo, hannde ko ɓe safalɓe sabu ɓe caaytii e nder maɓɓe (ɗum ko huunde waawnde jolde e nder renndo aadeewo kala), walla nii, so en teyii mbiyen ko ɓe “aarabeeɓe ɓaleeɓe”, ɓe njuɓɓi ko e renndo safalɓe, ɓe peccitii e nder leƴƴi maa galleeji mum en (tirbiiji), ɓe ngoongɗini ko ndiin njuɓɓudi etee ko e noddaango mayri tan ɓe nootittoo (ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe kam). Yeru mo njogani-ɗen ɗum tan ko kala nde ngarmi-ngara feeñi e nder Muritani hakkunde leƴƴi, ɓe njantondirata ko e safalɓe (hitaande 1966 e 1989). So tawii ko wayi noon ne kay jolii hakkunde safalɓe e koye mum en, gooto e maɓɓe fof reftotoo ko leñol mum (tiribii mum); Ɓaleeɓe ɓee ne ko leƴƴi tati ceertuɗi sabu ɗemɗe mum e won e aadaaji mum en, kono kamɓe fof lasli iwdi geñgol maɓɓe ko gootol, eɓe njogii kadi ko ɓe ndenndi to bannge ngonka maɓɓe e leydi Muritani kamɓe fof ko ɓe ɗawaaɓe e njuɓɓudi dowla ndii, hay so won e maɓɓe ina njooɗtorii kañum en fof ɓuri kadi ɗaweede (ko wayi no wolofaaɓe)
Ko seerndi gullitaali ɗi (ɗi ɓaleeɓe ɗii e ɗi hardaneeɓe ɓee) ko arde ɗi e yontaaji ceertuɗi to bannge weeyo politigi :
– ngo hardaneeɓe ngoo ari ko e yonta demokarasii, wellitaare to bannge konngol e jaaynde, goodal partiiji politigi e pelle renndo daraniiɗe jojjanɗe aadee e sahaa kadi julyultondiral aduna oo kala, won ko dowla baawɗo wonde fof hulata walla hersa waɗde; Ko ɗum waɗi laamu nguu faalkisaade kaayit maɓɓe oo, ɗum ina seerti e darnde laamu ndeen (1980) feewde e fedde hardaneeɓe lollirnoonde “EL HOR” sabu ɓeen, e nder filñitere mum en ndummbanooma e kasooji. Kaayit maɓɓe oo, kañum fof e waasde mumde hay dara e no ɓe njiyri gardagol leydi ndii, ɓe njooɓtaaki heen safalɓe walla “laamu safalɓe” hay so tawii nii e ɗum faamee heen, kadi ɓe njoofniri tan ko rokkude peeje maɓɓe e noddude yimɓe e ngootaagu.
– ɗi ɓaleeɓe ɗii ngari ko e yontaaji laamuuji kiiɗal : demokarasii woodaani, wellitaare alaa, ko yonta “ko weli laamɗo fof ko ɗum woni ko dagii”, hay so tawii darnde laamu e hitaande 1966 ina seerti e darnde maggu tuggi tan 1986 haa 1991, sabu e oon yonta kala, ɓaleeɓe Muritani, teeŋti noon e haapulaar en, nguuri ko e kataa bonɗo (kasooji, warngooji, joñeede e golle, yedditaneede jeyeede e leydi, ɓoleede jawdi mum ekn…), tawi ɗum fof woni woytoraandu mum ko “FLAM” (fedde ɓaleeɓe tawi keewal mum en ko haalpulaar en) bayyini kaayit caggal leydi, ina joopi heen paltoor “laamu beydaan en”, ina nanndidina ɗum e laamu paltoor (Apartheid) Afrik bannge worgo, etee, sanɗaaji ɓaleeɓe ceppii e wuro Nuwaasoot, nduppii otooji; yanti e ɗuum kala, soldateeɓe ɓaleeɓe (haalpulaar en) etiima follude laamu e hitaande 1987. Ñaawoore laamu e oon sahaa, ko ko wuuranoo e daawal ngal leƴƴi ɓaleeɓe nguurnoo e oon yonta, motaani ko eɗen ndeftoo ɗum sabu ina anndaa. E miijo laamu nguu, woni “anniya ɓaleeɓe ko firtude tippudi no dowla Muritani mahorii nii”. Paamen ɗoon, wonde ko ɓaleeɓe njiɗi ko heɓtude dowla oo mbele ina ɓura hoonaade e safalɓe e nder leydi hee, tawi kayri ndi mahorii ko yo ”safalɓe” ɓur hoonaade e dowla oo. Ngoon miijo ko miijo pelle añam-leñeeɓe safalɓe (baasist en e naserist en) waɗde “henndu walliti besoowo” sabu e oon sahaa, laamu nguu gollorii ko kala ɓaleejo jeyaa ko e fedde “FLAM”.
Ngool ɗowgol laamuuji gila keɓ-ɗen jeytaare leydi men feewde jooni (teeŋti noon e laamuuji militeer en) ɓeydi e leydi ndii tan ko kulondiral e ceerundal leƴƴi haa ko e ñalawma hannde oo, ngenndiyaŋke kala ina jogii kulhuli e kapanɗe Muritani. Tanndalle gardiiɗe laamuuji ɗii kala ɓuri wuuranaade ko leñol gootol, ngol safalɓe woɗeeɓe, kono ɗum addantaa en wiyde ko laamu safalɓe, sabu hay e nder leñol safalɓe hee won e leƴƴi e nder maɓɓe ko ɗawaaɗi, hay so ɗum yerondirtaake e ɗawgol ɓaleeɓe e hardaneeɓe. Yo annde noon dawrugol heedi-heeda e nder dowla wonaa e nafoore heedanaaɓe ɓee e koye mum en, sabu ɗum wonaa huunde duumotoonde haa bada, Afrik bannge worgo ko seede ko kaal-ɗen koo.
Kappanɗe Muritani e ko fayi arde
Ina laaɓti tan e yonta mo ngonɗen oo, eɗen ngondi e saqqaaji ɗiɗi maantinɗi e nder renndo Muritani ɗiin ngoni koɗdigal moƴƴal hakkunde leƴƴi ɗii, e peccitgol e nuunɗal ngaluuji leydi ndii hakkunde ceŋɗe renndo ngoo kala, tawa ko haɓaade ɗawgol won e ɓiɓɓe leydi ndii. Ina gasa tawa wonaa ɗum tan woni caɗeele leydi ndii, kono ɗe cifi-ɗen addan ɗee, ko ñawndugol mum en ngaddotoo deeƴre leydi e ngootaagu ɓesngu nguu. Ina laaɓani yimɓe fof hannde, so wonaa mo yiɗaa yiyide, leydi ndii ardoraaka peewal, laamuuji ɓennuɗi ɗii (so wonaa ngu Siidi wul Seek Abdallaahi nguu) ndaranii ko fawde leñol safalɓe woɗeeɓe ɓee e dow leƴƴi keddiiɗi ɗii kala, walla e won e kinɗe (yeru hardaneeɓe, teeŋti noon laamu jooni nguu, walla tuggi ko gila e ngu Maawiyya). Ɗum ko huunde fotnde heɓɓiteede gila e law, kaaldigal waɗee hol no yimɓe mahtortoo leydi ndii.
Mahtaade ndi ɗo tiiɗi ko sompude demokarasii googanteejo e nder leydi hee, ɗum woni dowla baɗoowoo nuunɗal hakkunde ɓiɗɓe leydi kala. Waɗi en wiyde noon ko sabu humpito jogaango e aduna hee, hollitii tan ko feere ɓurnde yumtude e yonta hannde oo e nder winndere ndee kala to bannge ɗowgol leƴƴi ko tippudi lollirndi demokarasii, ko ndiin njuɓɓudi tan addanta gooto fof yiytaade heen hoore mum, annda ko heɓaani fof ko katanɗe mum kaɗi ɗum, kono wonaa hakke mum yaɓɓaa. Ndiin tippudi noon eɗen ngoɗɗi ɗum tawo ɗoo e Muritani, hay so tawi eɗen keɓtini won ko fuɗɗa dooɓeede heen seeɗa.
Kono ɗum firtaani, ko ngonka hannde kaa foti fadtireede ko haa demokarasii tabita, alaa! Ɓurondiral hannde ngal, ɗo tolnii ɗoo, e ɗawre won e ceŋɗe renndo ɗo njettii ɗoo, ina moti kuule keeriiɗe ƴettee ngam mumtugol walla ustugol ngeen tooñannge. Ko ɗum waɗi eɗen cikki feere wullitaango hardaneeɓe hono “discrimination positive” (heedi heeda naftoowo) ko huunde fotnde huutoreede, tawa kala daɗaaɓe e renndo hee wooda ko keedanaa haa keɓtoo heddiiɓe ɓee, walla kam ngabboo ɗum en (tawde wonii ɓe ndaɗiranoo ko tooñannge e jinngere). Kala ɓiyɗo-leydi ina haani hokkee fartaŋŋe no heɓiri e nafooje ɗe leydi rokkata ɓiɓɓe mum : golle, palasuuji nder njuɓɓudi laamu, ñamaale kaalisaaji ndenndaandi, anngisaade e larme, ɓamtoo heen so katanɗe mum ndokkii ɗum, janngude jaŋde toownde ekn… Soklaani ko eɗen limta, ɗumɗoo kala aaɓnotoo ko maa kaaldigal waɗa, ɗeen geɗe fof ndottee, ko ɓuri tiiɗde koo, ko laamu yo faam, laawol ngol loowi ngol ko laawol boomaare sabu battane mum fof ko pelɓondiral leƴƴi, ko nganndu-ɗaa, alaa ɗo yiyaa ina ɓamti leydi.
Laamu fotaani tufde tiinde mum tan, falkisoo goytaali ɓesngu, weddo yimɓe e nder gaw, laamiiɓe poti ko heɗtaade goytaali ɓiɓɓe leydi, ndenndina ɓesngu, haaltida e mum, kañum en fof njiiloo peeje juumtuɗe mbele gooto fof ina yiytoo hoore mum e kuule ƴetteteeɗe.
Gelaajo
Natal dow : 1934: Tam tam haratines à Atar (Crédit photo : M.S HEMODY)
iwdi natal ngal


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Laana weeyo Riisi mbiyeteeka Soyouz diwii ñalnde aljumaa 27 marse 2015 ina tiindii jipporde weeyo wiyeteende ISS (Station Spatiale Internationale : Jipporde Weeyo Hakkunde leyɗe) ina jolni weeyankooɓe ɗiɗo riisnaaɓe e weeyanke gooto ameriknaajo, tawi heen ɗiɗo ina poti wonde toon balɗe 342, woni hitaande huurnde, huunde nde meeɗaa waɗde. Ɓe mbaɗi ko waktuuji 5 e 51 hojom e laawol, ɗum woni ɓe njettii to jipporde weeyo (Station spatiale) too, ko weetndoogo aset 28 marse 2015.
Laana weeyo Riisi mbiyeteeka Soyouz diwii ñalnde aljumaa 27 marse 2015 ina tiindii jipporde weeyo wiyeteende ISS (Station Spatiale Internationale : Jipporde Weeyo Hakkunde leyɗe) ina jolni weeyankooɓe ɗiɗo riisnaaɓe e weeyanke gooto ameriknaajo, tawi heen ɗiɗo ina poti wonde toon balɗe 342, woni hitaande huurnde, huunde nde meeɗaa waɗde. Ɓe mbaɗi ko waktuuji 5 e 51 hojom e laawol, ɗum woni ɓe njettii to jipporde weeyo (Station spatiale) too, ko weetndoogo aset 28 marse 2015.
Tato yahɓe toon jooni ɓee, tawtoyii toon tato woɗɓe (Gorko riisnaajo gooto, debbo italinaajo gooto ina wiyee Samantha, gorko ameriknaajo gooto), fotɓe tellitaade (walla ŋabbitde) e leydi men hee, e lewru mee nduuɗo (mee 2015). Faandaare ngalɗoo ɗanngal ko « ko waɗde ɓetooje e wiɗtooji paatuɗi e cellal ngam heblanaade ɗanle koɗooje nder weeyo ko juuti ». Amerik nii ina anniyii neldude neɗɗo feewde tagofeere Mars (hoodere jaayre) hedde 2030 (ɗoo e duuɓi 15). Haa e ooɗoo sahaa, ko riisnaajo biyeteeɗo Valeri Poliakov ɓuri ɓooyde e nder weeyo, sibu o waɗii toon lebbi 14 deggondirɗi e nder jipporde weeyo Riisi wiyetenoonde MIR, hakkunde 1994 e 1995. Gila nde jipporde ndee fuɗɗii taaraade Leydi e hitaande 1998, ko Riisi e Amerik (mo Obama) njogii geɗe mayre kala, e nder nanondiral. Ma a taw, ko e oo fannu tan leyɗe ɗiɗi ɗee nanondiri, meeɗaa lurdu.
- Jipporde weeyo hakkunde leyɗe “ISS”
Jipporde weeyo hakkunde leyɗe, hono ISS (woni e engele International Space Station) walla Station spatiale internationale e farayse, ko laana mawka, koɗaaka, taarotooka leydi, mbaɗiraaka wiɗtooji ganndal nder weeyo. Ko NASA (Nokku Amerik toppitiiɗo ko faati e weeyo) fuɗɗi miijo ngoo, kono, e oo sahaa ko leyɗe keewɗe (15 leydi) ngollondirta heen, haa teeŋti noon e Riisi, leydi idiindi mahde jipporde weeyo, ɗum noon njogiindi heen humpito mawngo. Ina heen kadi Kanadaa e Japon… Nde fuɗɗii renndineede nder weeyo ko e hitaande 1998. Sahaa e sahaa kala ndiwoowa Soyouz ina nawa toon yimɓe, artira woɗɓe… Ka foti gasde renndineede ko e 2017. ISS woni huunde ɓurnde mawnude nde neɗɗo tafi, weeyoore e dow Leydi. Njuuteendi jipporde ndee ko meeteruuji 110, njaajeendi ndii ko 74 meeteer, tooweeki (tekkeendi) kii ko 30 meeteer, ñisgol ngol ko hedde 400 ton. Njaru mayre ko hedde 115 miliyaar dolaar (35 650 miliyaar ugiyya).
- Jipporde weeyo “MIR”
MIR firata e Riisiire ko « jam ». MIR ko innde jipporde weeyo nde URSS neldunoo e weeyo e hitaande 1986. Kono nde jokki seŋeede geɗe goɗɗe (maheede walla renndineede) nder weeyo haa e hitaande 1996. Ko kayre woni jipporde adannde weeyo. Nde mahranoo ko waɗde hoolkisooji paatuɗi e ganndal nguurndam e ko ɓuri teewtude. Nde nde gasi maheede, e nder waɗi lompooɗi jeeɗiɗi. Tooweeki mayre ko hakkunde 296 e 421 kiloomeeteer. 104 weeyiyanke riisnaajo neldaama toon, ngoni toon dumunna. Caggal nde URSS fusi, Riisi udditanii leyɗe goɗɗe, hay ameriknaaɓe e saponnaaɓe njahii toon. Caggal nde ɓe kaljiti e jipporde hee, ɓe mbonni nde ñalnde 23 marse 2001.
Bookara Aamadu Bah


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Dillere pelle Ɓamtaare Pulaar
He mooɓondiral mum ɓaɗnongal 1982, nde Fedde Ɓamtoore Pulaar Senegaal (Association pour la Renaissance du Pulaar -ARP – Senegal) felliti waɗtude jaŋde Pulaar toɓɓere ɓurnde himmude he kuccam fedde ndee, ko wonno caɗeele he oon tuma ko defte janngirɗe pulaar. Fedde ndee udditi duɗe janngirɗe he nder diiwaanuji Senegaal ɗi kala. Gila he saareeji mawɗi ɗii, haa he gure tokoose ɗe, ɗuɗe ngudditaa ene njanngina Pulaar. Yimɓe kala nootii
he ngoon eeraango; rewɓe e worɓe, mawɓe e sukaaɓe, ɗum woni dillere (mouvement) mawnde. Ɓe heen nootorii ngam kiram leñol e yiɗde daranaade ɗemngal ngal hoto maayde walla jaastude, woɗɓe ko sabu kiram kono kadi yiɗde janngude e haɓde e humambinndaagu ene hirjinnoo ɗum en. Kono he ngaan saanga, momtirde humambinndiyaagal mum jaŋde pulaar wonaa ko woɗɗinta neɗɗo. Jaŋde Pulaar ene waawnoo tan wallude oon tigi waawde taraade e winndude, kono oon tigi waawataano faggaade heen gannde keewɗe, nde tawon gannde ballifaaɗe he ɗemngal pulaar keewaani. Ɗuum fof e wayde noon, haɗaano yimɓe ɓee daraade ene uddita duɗe ene njannga pulaar. Ndeen dillere kadi haaɗaani tan he nder Senegaal e diiwaanuuji mum, kono ko noon ɗum waynoo he nder Muritani haa e leyɗeele goɗɗe ɗe ɓiyɓe fuutankooɓe ɗanni noo he mum en, ko wayno Farayse, Gabon, Libi, Cote d’Ivoire, Egypt,ekn… Ɗum woni dillere (grass-root movement) teskinɗo he nder aduna hee kala. Annduɓe heewɓe mbaɗi wiɗtooji he ndeen dillere, kadi mbinndi heen ɗereeji (papers/ publications). Ndeen dillere aalamyankeere ngam wuurtin’de pinal Fulɓe e ƴellitde ɗemngal pulaar (Mouvement populaire et Universelle pour la Renaissance du Pulaar), wonti case study he kala Duɗe Jaaɓihaaɗtirde (Universites) aduna he.
Hol ko Ndeen Dillere Jibini ?
En kaaliino, mbiyɗen wonnde nde pelle Pulaaryankooje ɗe (ko noon ɗe noddirtee) ngummanii jaŋde pulaar ndee, yiyde deftere winndaande he pulaar (taw ko e alkule latin ) wonaa ko newi. Hay seeɗa goodnooɗo o ko defte puɗɗorɗe jaŋde tan ko wayno ekkorɗe winndude e taraade alkule pulaar. Kono he ngaan saanga nde tawnoo ko pelle tiiɗɗe, doolnuɗe tammbinoo ɗeen golle, ko wayno ARP-Senegal, ARP-Mauritanie, KJPF- France, KJPFW- Egypt, ekn, golle ɗee ene njahrunoo yeeso sanne kadi jibinii rewam nafojam. Leyɗeele keewɗe ɗe Fulɓe tawetee he mum en, ɗemngal Pulaar/Fulfulde e pinal fulɓe rokkaama heen geɗal. Hay pelle renndoyankeeje Afrik ko wayno Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik walla CDEAO hannde ene ittani Pulaar geɗal mawngal.
Duuɓi cappanɗe tati caggal ndeen dillere ngam wuurtin’de ɗemngal Pulaar e pine fulɓe, tawa ko rewrude he binndol e jaŋde, pulaar ene jeyaa e ɗemɗe Afrik ɓurɗe winndeede hannde. Denndaangal gannde aduna ɗee hannde ene mbinndaa (pira walla mballifaa) e pulaar. So en ƴettii yeru tan he defte diine Islaam, ma en njiy wonnde ko winndaa heen (wallifa walla firaa) ene heewi.
Deftere Allah teddunde ndee, Al-Qur’aan, hannde ene firaa e pulaar hakke firooji joy tawa wooto heen fof ko kaamil o kiɓɓuɗo ko jiidaa e firooji goɗɗi keewɗi baɗaadi he yumre Amma nde (Juz’ amma).
Wona defte diine tan, kono hono no mbiyɗen ni, denndaangal gannde hannde ene mbinndaa he ɗemngal Pulaar. So a limii tiitooɗe ko wallifaa he pulaar, ene wona ujjunnaaje limti-limtinɗe tiitoonde. Ko jiidaa e lowe internet binnddoje he ɗemngal Fulfulde.Yimɓe ɓee ene njokki kadi e wallifaade. Ñalnde kala aɗa nana walla njiya deftere hesere ene yalti. Hono no mbiynoɗen ni, e fuɗɗoode, nde yimɓe noddaa yoo ngar njannga Pulaar nde defte ngala, kono sabu kiram leñol e yiɗde danndude ɗemngal ngal hoto ngal maayde, waɗi yimɓe nootitii heen wonndude e keewal. Hannde noon, ɗo ɗum fuɗɗii waɗde ngartam mawɗam ɗoo, defte mballifaa, gannde ndañaa, yimɓe ɓee mbayi kono fuɗɗiiɓe waaltaade ni. Fuɗɗii ko gila he pelle ɗe kaalɗen dow ɗee, umminnooɗe dillere ndee ɗee, kanum en fof mbayi kono puɗɗiiɗe maayde ni. Haysinno wootere heen kala ene heddii woodde ne, nattii jogaade coftal e himme joginoo hanki o.
Mbele ɗeen pelle ko gadduɗe golle mum en haa ɗo mbaawnoo haaɗnude ɗum en tan, ndartini ɗoon, tawa ko heddii e golle ɗee koo ko laamuuji leyɗeele men poti ɗum jokkitde? Walla ɗe ngonndi ko nattude jogaade ardiiɓe saasɓe jooma en jiyanɗe laaɓtuɗe waawɓe ɗowde ɗeen pelle?
Laamuuji ɗi ŋakkeede pellital dawrugol ngam ƴellitde ɗemɗi ngenndiije haa ɓuri teeŋtude noon e Pulaar.
Nde Seek Anta Joop en Sakiir Caam en piratnoo gannde toowɗe ko wayno Filosofi, théorie de la relativité walla hiisaaji toowɗi (mathematiques) he ɗemngal Wolof nde, fayndaare maɓɓe wonnoo ko yiɗnoode fennude tuubakooɓe wiyatnooɓe wonnde ɗemɗe Afrik mbaawa roondaade gannde lugge. Ɗeen golle, he ngaan saanga, hollirii wonnde so ɓe mbaawii waɗde ɗum he Wolof firti ko ene waawi won’de he ɗemɗe Afriknaaje keddiiɗe ɗe. Kono ɗiin jaribooji e hujjaaji laaɓtuɗi ndañaano laamuuji ɗi ene mballa ɗum siyneede. Nde dillere (mouvement) Pulaar kaalɗen dow ndee ari, nawii ɗeen golle ko ene fiiltoo ɗumm laabi ujunere toowde. Hannde natti tan seernaaɓe (profosseures) wonɓe he nder gollorɗe mum en Jaaɓihaaɗtirde, njoñotoo ene pira yumre (chapitre) he won e defte annduɓe he ɗemɗe men ngam yiɗde hollirde ɗo mbaawka mum en he ɗeen gannde tolnii, kono wontii ko gannde ɗee piraama, muulaama ha mo woni kala ene waawi heɓde ɗum, jannga naftoroo.
En kaalaani tan ko wallifaa he Pulaar he fannuuji bayɗino, Jime (poésie), coñce (literature), celluka (grammaire) diine (relgion), walla caggitorɗe gila e ɗemngalyankeeje haa fanniyankeeje, kono hay gannde bayɗe no mathematiques ene waɗi defte mum timmuɗe (wona jume tan) binndaaɗe he Pulaar kadi muulaama, sariima nana huwtore. Deftere he mathematiques nde wallifii ɗum Muhammadu Falil Sih, nde tiitoonde mum ko “Binndanɗe Hiisankooje”, ko yeru laaɓtuɗo wonnde wona ŋakkeende kelmeendi ngam winndude kala ganndal haɗi laamuuji ɗi huccan’de ƴellitde ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee he golloraade ɗum, kono ɓe ŋakkaa ko pellital dawrugol (une volonté politique) ngam ƴellitde ɗemɗi ngenndiije haa ɓuri teeŋtude noon e Pulaar. To bannge kelmeendi, hannde haysinno njahɗaa ko he internet hee ma taw toon lowe-geese (site web), keewɗe tawa ko he fulfulde mbinndaa. Ɗeen lowe, wootere heen fof ko gerngel kelmeendi mawngal, nde tawnoo jooma mum en ɗeen lowe, gooto heen kala ene suɓii fannaade he huunde heeriinde nde binndanɗe mum ko he ɗuum njowitii. So en ƴettii yeru, lowre Hammadi-Jah (Pullo Hannde), ma en taw binndanɗe makko fof yowitii ko he ganndal mbewu walla daŋe (les science planetaire) e toɓɓe goɗɗe Fisik (physique). Ko ɗuum waɗi, hayso jooma mum wallifaaki deftere he ɗeen gannde ne, kono sabu yiɗde ɗum saaktude kabaruuji e ko yowitii he ɗeen ɗoon gannde waɗi, alaa sago maa hawru heen sahaa kala e kelme ngam firde ɗum en he pulaar, ko maa tafa kelme walla fula ɗeen kelme haa taratooɓe ɗum ɓe mbaawa faamde. Ndeke ɗuum tan ko sabaabu paggitagol kelmeendi heewndi, ndi ene waawi walloyde janngo kala jiɗɗo wallifaade he oon ɗoon fannu.
Ɗum ɗoo fof noon jooma mum en ko yarlitiiɓe tan ene ngolloo heen ngam yiɗde yoo ganndal ƴellito he ɗemngal he. Sinno laamuuji ɗii mbaɗii no heen juuɗe mum en tawa ko kanum en ngoni hirjinooɓe yoo ɗe golle mbaɗe he ɗemɗe ɗe, ene mbaɗa heen jawɗeele ɗe ɗum laaɓndi ɗee, ko ndeen ɓuratnoo yaawde. Sabu maa ɓee hatanteeɓe mbaawatno gollanaade leñol mum en tawa nguura mum en soklinaani ɗum en, kadi maa ɗum hirjinatnoo woɗɓe heewɓe yantude e maɓɓe he ɗeen golle.
Mbele pelle ɗee poti tan ko yowde juuɗe mum en pada e laamu, walla eɗen poti jokkude haa nde laamu fellitoyi tawtude en heen kala?
Ko huunde anndaande, wonnde dawrugolyankeeɓe ngardotaako ɗowete. Ɗuum firti kala ko njiyɗaa dawrugolyanke ene daranii tawat koko o yiyi keeweendi e yimɓe ɓee ene kuccani, o ƴeewa sajjitaade ɗum haa waya no ko kanko ummini ɗum ni. Ndeke alaa e sago paamen hay seeɗa mo laamuuji ɗi mbaɗata heen jooni o, jibini ɗum ko darnde e sirŋinaare pelle ɗee ndarinoo nde. Ɗuum noon ɗe potaani yahrude caggal e golle ɗe ɗe mbaɗatnoo ɗee, ɗal boom, ɗ e poti ko ɓeydaade sirŋinaade e daraade ɓe njokkae udditte duɗe e janngin’de ɗemngal ngal, sabu ko hannde ngal ɓuri welde janngin’de. Defte keewɗe mbinndaama he maggal kadi kala ganndal nana wallifaa he maggal.


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Ko duuɓi capanɗe jeegom hikka, jamma e ñalawma ina tawtawtondira haa yettii 17 saawiyee 2021, hawri e ñalngu nde « Patrice Emery Lumumba » ruttii e joomum sabu warngo koloñaal « belge » en e hitaande 1961. Holi « Patrice Emery Lumumba » ?
Patris Lumummbaa, ardi ko he waame ngenndiyankooɓe feeñnooɓe he joofnirɗe kitaale 50 feewde e fuɗɗoode kitaale 60, ko wayi no alserinaajo biyeteeɗo Frantz Fanon, ganaanaajo Kwamé Krumah e Kameruunnaajo Félix Moumié. Ina jeyanoo he ko ɓuri tiiɗde he piɓle maɓɓe, haɓaade njiimaandi koloñaal en, kono eɓe paami kadi so tawii ɓe mbaawaani haɓaade diwaaniyankaagal, leƴƴiyankaagal e kinɗe he nder leyɗeele maɓɓe, ɓe mbaawataa teeŋtinde ngootaagu ngenndiiji maɓɓe mbaawngu falaade njiimaandi koloñaal en. Ko e maayirɗe hitaande 1958 o heɓi hawrude e ɓe njoofi-ɗen dow ɓee he nder batu ngu « Ɓesnguuli Afiriknaaɓe » njuɓɓinnoo to Accra laamorgo leydi Ganaa. Ko ngaal pottital o toɗɗaa yo o won jiiloowo goomu cuɓanoongu yo ardo ngaal pottital. Tuggi oon ñalawma, o daranii he nder leydi makko ko haɓanaade jeytaare mum mbele ina rimɗa e njiimaandi Belge en. O sosi heerto politigi lollirngo MNC (Dillere Ngenndiyankoore Konngo) tawti pelle renndo goɗɗe daraniiɗe jeytaare leydi ndii, ko wayi no ABAKO nde ardii ɗum Joseph Kaza-vubu.
Ko he hitaande 1959 njiimaandi Belge en fuɗɗii faamde wonde ummandere feewtunde e jeytaare woni ko e mawnude, ɓe pelliti noddude denndaangal pelle jogitiiɓe ngoon miijo he batu, so wonaa Lumummbaa (sabu, e miijo maɓɓe, oon ko ceɓɓitiiɗo) kono pelle noddanooɗe ɗee kala mbiyi njooɗodtaako e maɓɓe « maa Patrice Lumumba tawtoree ! » ko ɗum laatii nde batu nguu waawi jooɗaade.
Dokkirgol jeytaare jahdungol e leɓte koloñaal Refti e ɗuum ko ceddugol koloñaal feewde e muumaa dillere ɗaɓɓatnoonde jeytaare : e saawiyee, fedde ABAKO jaɓanaaka dental ngal yuɓɓinnoo, diwii ɗoon nii sabu soldateeɓe mbattindii ko soorde e maɓɓe conndi e kure, haa teemedde aadee keddii heen, Kaza-vubu hooreejo fedde ndee nanngaa, dummboyaa Belgique. Refti he ɗuum ko e lewru oktoobar, caggal nde MNC renti he nder batu mum mooɓondiral, sanndarmeeɓe ngari e maɓɓe, coori he maɓɓe conndi e kure, fotde pittaali 30 mbaasaa heen, gaañiiɓe heen limotaako ko teemedde teemedde, Lumummba ñaawaa, taƴanaa lebbi jeegom kasoo, mbele batu ngu koloñaal en piɓi waɗdude e ɗaɓɓooɓe jeytaare ɓee (pelle « modereeji ») ina waawa jooɗaade tawde Patrice lumumba dummbaama (kiisaɗo ko ceɓɓitiiɗo) kono ɗum gasaani. Ko e nguun batu fellitaa wonde Konngo ina heɓta jeytaare mum ñalnde 30 suwee 1960 e fawaade he ɗuum, wooteeji koko njuɓɓintee he lewru mee he nder ndeen hitaande. Gardagol daɓɓol laamu Patrice Lumummba Ko caggal wooteeji ɗii, parti Lumumba hono MNC fooli he nder ɗiin wooteeji, fedde ABAKO abbii he maɓɓe, ko ɗuum saabii Lumumba, sabu yiɗde teeŋtinde ngootaagu hakkunde ɓiɓɓe Konngo, o rokki Kasa vubu teddungal yoo laamo leydi ndi kaŋko o toɗɗa yoo ardo gowornama oo a ardoo jaagorɗe ɗe e tee ko noon doosgal leydi maɓɓe lelnirnoo. Ko he kew juɓɓinanooɗo ngam bayyinde keɓgol jeytaare leydi Konngo tawi saakti ɗum ko laamɗo Belge en hono « roi Baudouin » he nder diskuur babbabilo ko o nanondirnoo e Kasa Vubu, Gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndi Patrice Lumumba jaabtii mo. Oon diskuur noon koddir-ɗen addani koloñaal Belsik en fiɓde wonde oo gorko so miijooji mum ubbaaka law « yiɗde men e ndii leydi laatotaako ». Ko he oon mudda diiwaan he nder Konngo yiɗi serindaade dowla nehaande oo, ɗum woni Katannga e gardagol Moyiis Commbee (Moise Tshombé) e ballal won hoohooɓe Belsik en (beesuuji konu). Katannga noon ko diiwaan galɗuɗo, oogirɗe maa mbiyaa ko aan joowani hoore maa, kam e ndema… ko addani leyɗeele mawɗe ɗee jarribeede he leydi ndii. Ko teskoto-ɗen he nder oon diskuur, ko ɗum o haali : « Min ngoowi he nder ngardiigu mon ko liggeey muusɗo tawi njoɓdi mum ittanaani min heege, holtinaani min, moƴƴinaani koɗki amen saka wallita min he nehdi sukaaɓe amen, tiiɗɓe min. Min ngoownoo ko jalkiteede, ƴatteede, e roondaade piile bonɗe subaka e kikiiɗe, ɗum fof noon ko sabu ko min ɓaleeɓe (jiyaaɓe) Min leeɓtaama leeɓte muusɗe sabu miijo amen politigi, walla diine amen. Min luttinee he nder leydi amen ko ɓuri muusde hay e maayde (….). Hol keborɗo e amen yejjitde kure petelaaji mon ɗe cooratno-ɗon e banndiraaɓe amen ? Jiidaani e dummbirɗe ɗo mberlotono-ɗon kala calinooɗo tooñannge e lorla e muuɗooɓe doole janane. Minen lornooɓe he nder pittali he ɓerɗe amen, he kiɗal koloñaal en, emin mbiya on haŋkati, ɗuum joofii ! » Pollugol laamu Lumumba Ko he nder ɗuum gardiiɗo leydi ndii, hono Kasa Vubu ƴetti kuugal wonde Patrice Lumumba ɓooraama (Doosgal leydi rokkaani mo kaan mbaawka) kono oon ne ƴetti kuugal wonde o ɓooraama gardiiɗo leydi (jogaade mo keewal he Suudu Sarɗi leydi, amo waawi fellitde ɗum), nii woni leydi ndii naatii jiiɓru mawndu, juɓɓule dowla njerɓi, luulndo haɓɓondirngo e Lumumba inan seppa, Moise TSHOMBE etiima faltaade diwaan Katanga waɗta ɗum dowla e ƴaañgol Belse en… E ballal CIA (njuɓɓudi kalfinaandi kabrugol sirruji leydi Amerik), ɓe ngemmbi Mobutu Seese Seko yo follu laamu ngu ardii ɗum Patrice Lumumba (Kasa vuɓu tiiɗaani ɓe, wattinta nii ko wondude e makko). Ko ɗoo naange Patrice Lumumba woni e mutde sabu añɓe caggal leydi e wuurdaaɓe pellitii ittude fittaandu makko mbele no njiɗiri ɗowirde Konngo nii ina laatoo. Ɓe cukki mo haa to o yiɗnoo mooloyaade ngam umminde fiyannde feewde he koloñaal en e wallidiiɓe mum, haa ɗo ɓe njookoynoo mo, Belsiknaaɓe mbiyi Moobutu yo halfin mo Moyiis Commbe woɗɗina mo laamorgo ngoo, sabu murtooji puɗɗiima feeñde ina kaɓɓondira e makko. Ko toon ɓe mbaɗi mo takka, ɓe pelli mo e tawtoreede Moyiis Commbe, ɓe njawnoraa ɗum, ɓe caayni ɓalndu makko he nder barigal asid, hoto ko heddii e makko ! Lumumba, hoodere nde ñifataa. Añɓe Lumumba njettinii faandaare mum en, kono haalpulaar en ina keewi wiyde « maayde waawi ko ñaamde teewu e ƴiyam, kono waawaa ñaamde golle » sabu amin teskii hay so tawii ko sukaaɓe min ngonnoo, a min keewnoo nande « lone Lumumba » tawde umminooɗo Fuuta ɗannorii Ndakaaru fof, faarnortoo ko artirde ɗeen lone. Ko noon ne kay jannguɓe he duɗe toowɗe walla foksineeruuji afiriknaaɓe luulndiiɓe koloñaal en, so pemmbiima koye mum en, mbaɗata ko « gufa Lumumba ». Ɗum fof hollitta tan ko LUMUMBA ko gollanii Konngo e ko heerii, e Afirik ko huuɓtidini, majjataa maayataa ! « Maayde suddii mo leppi leydi, leydi suddii mo leppi teddungal ».
Maamuudu H. Joob


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On mbismaama e lowre mon.
Banndiraaɓe, e ooɗoo sahaa mo ngon-ɗen yoga e wasiyaaji mbaɗno-ɗen wonande peerorɗe potɗe huutoreede ngam hollitde huunde e alkule fulfulde (ŋ, ɗ, ɓ, ƴ) ndiwtaama. Ina gasa tawa masiŋ mon ina waɗi denndaangal geɗe coklaaɗe ngam hollitde binndol fulfulde, sibu jame yoga e peerorɗe ina keɓtina UNICODE (maaɗe winndereeje), kadi topirɗe ndaɗɗo ɗee (système d’exploitations) ina ngarda e alkule UNICODE, ko wayi « Lucida sans Unicode », « Arial Unicode MS » ekn …
Heddii ko kuutorɗe ina ngoodi newnooje kuutoragol majje, ko wayi no tappirɗe : oɗon mbaawi awtaade heen wootere ɗooyene : tappirde (clavier) Pulaar min topanii on. Oɗon mbaawi awtaade mo ɗo. Oɗon mbaawi kadi awtaade facciro no o huutorirtee ɗooyene walla ɗoo.
Min kuutorii ko topirde (logiciel) Windows wiyeteende Microsoft Keyboard Layout Creator (MSKLC) taweteende e ooɗoo nokku.
Kala jiɗɗo ina waawi tafande hoore mum tappirde yiɗi : so njahii on nokku min njoopanii on dow o, ina faamninaa heen no MSKLC huutorirtee. Wonande maaɗe alkule ɗe, amin kollita on no njiytirton ɗe e tesko winndaango e Farayse, wonngo les ɗo ngo.
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No tappirde ndee aafretee :
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Wasiyaaji ɓooyɗi (abriil 2007)
Banndiraaɓe wanngotooɓe e sit Fedde Ɓamtaare Pulaar e Muritani, bismilla mon e lowre hee.
Banndiraaɓe, e ooɗoo sahaa mo ngon-ɗen
Eɗen ɗaɓɓi e winndinooɓe e sit hee nde mbindittoo goɗngol, sibu sit o ko mahtaaɗo, won geɗe en mooftaani ɗum en.
Eɗen mbasiyoo wanngotooɓe ɓe geɗe ɗiɗi :
– go’o : so tawii ko feerorde ɓooynde (ko nanndi e Internet explorer 6 (IE6) walla ɓurɗo ɗum hiiɗɗude) on mbaawataa yiyde alkule kofe (ɗ, ɓ, ŋ, ƴ) ɗee binndol Pulaar heerorii ɗee : alaa sago, peeroro-ɗon ko nanndi e IE7 ko famɗi fof, walla Firefox, walla Google chrome, maa safari (Mac Os e Windows) … nde njiyon ɗe no moƴƴi. E oo sahaa mo njahraten nii, yoga e peerorɗe, ina keptina alkule men ɗee, sibu mum en topeede e “Unicode ” (maaɗe winndereyankooje).
– ɗiɗi : so tawii njiɗ-ɗon ko winndunde e Pulaar, oɗon mbaawi huutoraade tappirde (clavier) Pulaar min topanii on. Oɗon mbaawi awtaade mo ɗoo. Min kuutorii ko topirde (logiciel) Windows wiyeteende Microsoft Keyboard Layout Creator (MSKLC) taweteende e ooɗoo nokku. Oɗon mbaawi huutoriraade mono njiɗir-ɗon, e min mbasiyii on nde caraton mo haa yaaja, alaa sarɗi min pawi heen. Gooto fof nii ina waawi tafande hoore mum tappirde yiɗi : so njahii on nokku min njoopanii on dow oo, ina faamninaa heen no MSKLC huutorirtee. Wonande maaɗe alkule ɗee, amin kollita on no njiytirton ɗe e tesko winndaango e Farayse, wonngo les ɗoo ngoo.
E min ñaagii banndiraaɓe ɓee nde mbinndata e lowre hee, walla nelda en binndanɗe mum e ooɗoo iimeel (e-mail) bokarba@yahoo.fr
On jaaraama.
_______________________________
* Pour retrouver les codes des caractères, vous pouvez utiliser cette astuce :
– ouvrir un fichier word
– aller à « Insertion » puis choisir « Caractères spéciaux …. »
– choisir une police unicode (“Arial Unicode MS” ou “Lucida Sans Unicode” par exemple).
– Cliquer sur n’importe quel caractère, par exemple sur ‘§’ vous verrez à l’avant dernière ligne de votre boite de dialogue «Code de caractère : 00A7». Remarque : en face vous devez choisir l’option «Unicode (hexadécimal)».


text:
Tagofeere Leydi dañii funeere. Habri ɗum ko NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration” woni Njuɓɓudi Ngenndiyankoori Aeronotik e Weeyo dowla Amerik). NASA wiyi yiytii tagofeere nanndunde no feewi e Leydi. Nde inniraa ko Kepler-452b. NASA wiyi ndiyam ina e dow ndee tagofeere, ina waawi nii tawa hay nguurndam na toon.
Kayre ndeeɗoo tagofeere, kayre ɓuri Leydi mawneeki.
Nde taarotoo ko naange mayre, nanndude kadi e naange men ngee (hoodere wootere) ko e balɗe 385 (woni hitaande toon). Leydi taarotoo naange ko e balɗe 365 (woni hitaande men). Kayre ndeeɗoo tagofeere, nde woni ko e “ñilkere kaaca” (constellation du Cygne). Hakkunde men e ndeen ñilkere noon ko 1 400 hitaande annoore. (9 460 800 000 000 kiloomeeteer : 9 460 milyaar e 800 miliyoŋ kiloomeeteer).


text:
Air Senegaal, Mettere ɗanniyankeeɓe Fulɓe kam e Noddaadu Yoga e yimɓe wonnde yoo ɗanniyankeeɓe Fulɓe Njow juuɗe mum en he Ndiwoowa Senegaal.
Air Senegaal, Mettere ɗanniyankeeɓe Fulɓe e Noddaadu Yoga e yimɓe wonnde yoo ɗanniyankeeɓe Fulɓe Njow juuɗe mum en he Ndiwoowa Senegaal.
He nder balɗe jawtuɗe ɗee gulaali ɗii keewi he nder reseau social-luuji he, taw saabi ɗum ko mettere Fulɓe Senegaalnaaɓe teskaade he nder ndiwoowa kesa kaa, ɗemɗe gollorɗe ɗee Pulaar jeyaaka heen. Ɓe kuwtortoo ko ɗemɗe tati: Farayse, Engele e Jolfe.
Ko ngoonga noon ɗemngal Jolfe ɓooyi jinnganeede he nder laamu Senegaal, taw anndaaka ko saabi ɗum. Sabu to bannge ɗoosɗe leydi ndii, Pulaar e Wolof e ɗemɗe nay goɗɗe keddiɗe ɗee fof poti. Kono gila leydi ndii heɓi hoore mum haa ñalawma mo ngonɗen oo, ene wayno laamu Senegaal koko suɓii ɗemngal Wolof ene waɗi ɗum no ɗemngal lawakeewal nii he takko ɗemngal Farayse. Subu gila Rajo e Tele fof ko laamu tan joginooɗum, udditananooka heeriiɓe (priwe), ko ɗemngal Wolof ngal tan haaletee heen. Ɗemɗe keddiiɗe ɗee, ko wayno Pulaar, ko taggee subaka e kikiiɗe tan joginoo heen, walla jeewte yontere fof laawol. Ɗuum pelle Fulɓe, ko wayno Fedde Ɓamtoore Pulaar Senegaal, ɓooyi dukde ɗum, yimɓe kadi wayɓe hono no Tijjaani Aan en ndukii ɗum no feewi he nguurndam mum en, kono hayso won ko waylii ne heewaani. Ene miijetenoo ndeen ko jolfuɓe tami laamu ngu, ko ɗuum waɗi ɓe lañi ɓe tekkinani koye maɓɓe, kono ene teskee hannde laamu Senegaal woni ko he juuɗe Fulɓe. Wonaa tan hooreejo leydi o, kono kadi ko ɓuri heewde e jaagorɗe makko walla halfinaaɓe gollorɗe leydi ndii ko Fulɓe. Ndeke noon ko haɗi kaan ɗoon ngonka waylaade? Mbele ene waɗi gaño Fulɓe cuuɗiiɗo tamɗo laamu Senegaal tawa hay laamiiɓe mayri ko fideteeɓe ko ngollata? Nde tawnoo kala nde haalaluuji bayɗi hono nii umminaa ko kamɓe ɓiyɓe Fulɓe won ɓe he tolnooji dowrowi he nder laamu Senegaal ɓe ngadotoo wiyde: “Ɗii haalaluuji ko umminooji fitina.” Tawa dee ko ɓiyɓe leñol Fulɓe daraninooɓe ngol kadi anndiranooɓe sippiraneede ngol. Yaakoranooɓe so juuɗe mum en njuutii maa wood ko mballanii leñol ngol e ko roŋkatnoo yettaade ko. Ɓeen noon hannde wonaa leñol ngol tan woni ko ɓe mballaani, kono kadi ɓe mballaani leydi Senegaal. Nde tawnoo he nder renndo, nafoore ko wiyetee representation ko mbele kala lomtiiɗo banndum en ene waawa fammin’de woɗɓe ɓee, wonaa tan caɗeele ɓe o lomtii he renndo ngoo ɓee, kono kadi hol ko woni pellital mum en. Ndeke Fulɓe lomtaniiɓe leñol ngol he nder renndo Senegaal ngo ene poti jeertin’de leñɗi goɗɗi ɗii, haa ɓuri teeŋtude e jinnganaaɓe ɓee wonnde, ndee ɗoo uure ko nde worɗunde kadi mande fus ko leelaani, so tawii nde dañanaaka safaara. Kadi so nde fusii ko ndeen nde ɓurata mettude safrude kadi ko ndeen rewam mayre ɓurata heewde ko bonni. Nde tawno muñal ene jogii ɗo haaɗi, kadi daartol jannginii en kala ñoƴƴaaɗo so filñitiima ene waawi helde ko jokkude ɗum weeɓani. Yiɗɓe koɗdigal jamyamal e deeƴre he nder Senegaal ɓee, ene poti suusde yuurnitaade kala ko ene adda fitina e nder leydi hee ɓe ƴeewana ɗum safaara. Wiyde ko enen ndemmdi, kono geɗal (geɓal) am e ngal maa ngal fof ko miin heerortoo, ɗuum wonaa ko waawi jibin’de deeƴre e kurmondiral.
Ɗuum noon hannde en kaaldaani hay gooto goɗɗo, kaaldu ɗen ko e ɓiyɓe leñol ngol won ɓe he laamu ɓe. Yoɓe ndaro e fotde maɓɓe, ɗuum woni daraade Fulɓe keɓe fotde mum en e geɗal mum he leydi he. So ɓe kulii dukdeede ngoon ɗon duko hannde, maɓe ndaroyo ñippoyde jeyli mum janngo.


text:
Alqur'aana
Alqur’aana ko konngol aarabeyankewol seekaangol e ‘Alqiraa’ah’ janngugol.
Alqur’aana: Ko haala Alla, ronkintinka, jippinaaka e Nelaaɗo Muhammadu (saw), winndaaka e kaamiluuje ɗen, egginiraaka jaaɓondiral ngal taƴondiraali, rewirteeka nawdugol mum.
Alla daali : “Menen men jippinii waaju (Alqur’aana), pellet ko men reenooɓe ngu” (Hijri 9). Seniiɗo on daali kadi: “Pellet ndee Qur’aanaare hinde feewna e ɗum ko ɓuri e ñiiɓude (feewude), wewlinir ɓen gomɗinɓe, ɓen wonɓe gollude golleeji moƴƴi wonnde mbarjaari mawndi hino woodani ɓe” (Issraa’i 9).
b) Inɗe Alqur’aanaare ɗen:
v Alqur’aan:
“Pellet ndee Alqur’aanaare hinde fewna e ko ɓuri e ñiiɓude”
{إِنَّ هَذَا الْقُرْآنَ يَهْدِي لِلَّتِي هِيَ أَقْوَمُ} [الإسراء: 9].
v Al kitaab (deftere):
“Alif, laam, miim, ndee deftere sikke woo alaa e mayre”
{الم * ذَلِكَ الْكِتَابُ لا رَيْبَ فِيهِ} [البقرة:1-2 ]
v Azzikru (waaju walla Jantoore):
“Ko pellet menen men jippinii waaju, ko pellet ko men reenooɓe ngu”
إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ وَإِنَّا لَهُ لَحَافِظُونَ} [ الحجر: 9 ].)
v Al furqaan ( seernunde goonga e fenaande):
“On jippinɗo seerdunde (Alfur’qaan) nden e hoore jiyaaɗo makko on mawnii, fii yoo [on jiyaaɗo] laatano winndere nden jertinoowo”
{تَبَارَكَ الَّذِي نَزَّلَ الْفُرْقَانَ عَلَى عَبْدِهِ لِيَكُونَ لِلْعَالَمِينَ نَذِيرًا} [ الفرقان: 1].
c) Sifaaji Alqur’aanaare nden:
v Peewal:
“Ko nde peewal e yurmeende fii ɓen moƴƴinooɓe”
{هُدًى وَرَحْمَةً لِلْمُحْسِنِينَ} [ لقمان: 3 ].
v Annoora:
“Men jippini e mon annoora ɓannguɗo”
وَأَنزَلْنَا إِلَيْكُمْ نُورًا مُبِينًا} [ النساء: 174 ]
v Lekki:
“Meɗen jippina immorde e Alqur’aanaare nden ko woni lekki”
{وَنُنَزِّلُ مِنْ الْقُرْآنِ مَا هُوَ شِفَاءٌ} [ الإسراء: 82].
v Hikma (faamu mawɗo):
“Hikma yottiiɗo” (ko faandaa ko Alqur’aanaare nden)
{حِكْمَةٌ بَالِغَةٌ} [ القمر : 5]
v Waaju
“Gomɗii waaju arii on immorde ka Joomi mon”
{قَدْ جَاءَتْكُمْ مَوْعِظَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ} [ يونس: 57] .
v Wahyu ( wirnagal)
“Pellete ko mi woni jertinirde on ko wahayu” (wirnagal).
{إِنَّمَا أُنذِرُكُمْ بِالْوَحْيِ} [ الأنبياء : 45] .
d) Noone daraja mayre on:
Alla daali: “Pellet nden ko deftere teddunde, meere arataa nde, hinaa yeeso mayre, hinaa ɓaawo mayre, ko nde tellinaande (jippinaande) immorde ka Ñeeñuɗo, Yettiniiɗo” (Fussilati 41- 42).
Toowuɗo on kabrini: “Ko Deftere ñeññaande simooje mum, hooti nde fensitaa immorde ka Ñeeñuɗo Humpitiiɗo” (Huudi 1).
e) Ɓural Alqur’aanare nden:
Alla daali:
“Ɓen wonɓe nawdude deftere Alla nden, ɓe ñiimni juulde nden, ɓe nafki yoga e ko men arsiki ɓe e gunndoo e kenenke, hiɓe jortii ngeeygu ngu fuuyataa” (Faatiri 29).
Immorii e seydinaa Usmaani Bun Affaana o maaki: ‘Nelaaɗo Alla on (saw) maakii: “Ko ɓuri moƴƴude e mon, ko on anndiniiɗo Alqur’aanaare nden, o anndini nde’. Ko Buxaariy yaltini hadiise on.
Abdullaayi Bun Mas’uud (yo Alla yurme mo) wi’i wonnde Annabiijo (saw) maakii: “Kala jannguɗo harfeere e deftere Alla nden himo mariri ɗum moƴƴere, moƴƴere nden non [ko yoɓirtee] ko yeru mayre laabi sappo, mi innataa alif, laam, miim ko harfeere, kono alif ko harfeere, laam ko harfeere, miim ko harfeere”. Ko Tirmiziy fillii ɗum.
Arii e yeewtoore Nelaaɗo (hadiise) sellunde wonnde o maakii: “Yimɓe tummbondiraali e suudu e cuuɗi Alla ɗin, hiɓe nawda deftere Allah nden, ɓe jannga nde hakkunde maɓɓe, si wonaa deeƴere jippoo e maɓɓe, yurmeende Alla sudda ɓe, malaa’ika hunndita ɓe, Alla jantoo fii maɓɓe hakkunde ɓen wonɓe ka makko [malaa’ikaaɓe ɓen ]”. Ko Muslim woni ko fillii ɗum.
Abuu Umaama (Yo Alla yurme mo) wi’i: ‘Mi nanii Nelaaɗo (saw) hino maaka: “Janngee Alqur’aanaare nden, nde aroyay ñannde darngal ko nde tefanayde wondiɓɓe mayre ɓen”’. Ko Muslimu yaltini ɗum.
f) Faandaare tellingol Alqur’aana:
Seniiɗo toowuɗo on daali: “Alif, laam, raa, ko deftere nde men jippini e maa, fii yo a yaltin yimɓe ɓen e niɓe [naɓaa ɓe] e annoora” (Ibraahiim 1).
g) Tellineeɗe ( jippineede) Alqur’aana:
Alqur’aana ko e tellinanɗe tati nde feƴƴi si nde hewti yimɓe ɓen:
Tellinannde aranere nden:
Ko jippagol mayre ka Alluwal Reenaangal (lawhul mahfuuz) e noone e saa’a mo humpitaaki ɗum si wonaa Alla e on mo o ƴellintini e wernagal Makko, hari ko womre wootere nde senndaaka, ko ɗum feeñi e ko Alla daali: “ko woni goonga, nden ko Alqur’aanaare teddunde, ] wonnde [ e Alluwal Reenaangal” (Buruuji 21-22).
Tellinannde ɗimmere nden:
Ko tellagol iwa ka Alluwal Reenaangal addee ka Suudu Teddungal (Baytul Izzah) ka kammu adunayankewu, hino feeña e nder simooje alqur’aanayankooje ɗen ɗum ko hino tuuginee e mum e fii ndee tellannde ko anndinta en wonnde Alqur’aanaare nden tellino e jemma gooto ka kammu adunayankewu. Alqur’aanaare nden hino sifii on jemma wonnde ko barkinaaɗo, o inni mo nokkeeli goo jemma daraja (Laylatul Qadiri). E nder lewru suumayee ndun, nde jippii womre wootere.
Yoga e simooje yeewtuɗe fii mum. Alla daali: “Pellet men tellinii nde [alqur’aanare nden] e jemma daraja” (Alqadri 1).
Tedduɗo on daali: “Pellete men tellinii nde [alqur’aanare nden] e jemma barkinaaɗo” (dukhaan 3).
Seniiɗo on daali kadi: “Lewru suumayee ndu alqur’aanaare nden jippinaa e mun, ko ndu peewal wonannde yimɓe ɓen” (Albaqara 185).
Tellinannde tammere nden:
Ko tellagol mayre iwa ka kammu adunayankewu ka baytul izzah ara ka ɓernde timmoode annabaaɓe ɓen e nelaaɓe ɓen, koohoojo men on Nelaaɗo Muhammadu (saw) ko ɗum woni seññaa (laawol) sakkitoro on mo annoora jalbi e hoore ɓanndinke denndaangal.
Seydinaa Jibriilu jippodi e mayre ka ɓernde Nelaaɗo ko nde sennditaande e nder duuɓi 23
e yeru waɗugol fiyakuuji ɗin e yanugol falotooɗi, e ko teetintee e ñaawooje sar’yayankooje.
Alla daali: “Ruuhul Amiin [jibriil] jippodi e mayre [Alqur’aana)] ka ɓernde maa [an Nelaaɗo] fii yaa laato jeyaaɗo e jertinooɓe, e ɗemngal aarabeyankowal ɓanngungal” (Ashu’araa 193-195”.
Alla dammbii Alqur’aanaare nden e jaati Makko e simooje heewuɗe hino e majje: “Ko pellet hiɗa lonnginee Alqur’aanaare nden [an Nelaaɗo] immorde ka Ñeeñuɗo Annduɗo” (namli 6).
O daali kadi: “Si goɗɗo e sirkuɓe ɓen faabinike ma, faabo mo haa o nana haala Alla kan” (Attawba 6). Ɗum non ko faandaa e “haala Alla” e ndee simoore ɗoo ko Alqur’aanaa.!
Alquraa’naare nden hino feccii e:
Simooje (aayaat):
Simoore (aaya): ko hawtitannde konnguɗi jokkondirɗi yoga e yoga haa ka Alla yiɗi yo ɗi taƴu ɗon. Simooje Alqur’aanaare ɗen hino feccii hakkunde makkayankooje e madiinayankooje, tippude e saa’i jippagol majje on: jippiiɗe ɗen ko adtii Fergu Nelaaɗo ko makkayankooje, jippiiɗe ɗen ɓaawo Fergu ko madiinayankooje hay si hawrii hinaa ka saare Madiina ɗe jippii. Simooje Alqur’aanaare ɗen hino yottii (6236), sennditiiɗe e corteeji (suwar) 114.
Corteeji (suwar):
cortewol (suura): ko hawtitannde simooje hara hiɗe mari ka ɗe fuɗɗi e ka ɗe haaɗi, ko ɓuri famɗude e cortewol ko simooje tati.
Juzu’u walla Juju’u (geɓal):
Aquraanaare nden hino hawtiti juz’uuji 30, juz’u kala hino hawtiti e hizibaaji 2. juz’u e hizibe ɗiɗi non hiɗi mari maande ko ɗi anndiree ka kaamiluure.
Hizibe walla Hijibe:
Ko feccere e juzu’u, Alqur’aanaare nden hino hawtiti hijibaaji 60, ɗum hawra juz’uuji 30.
b. Senndannde corteeji (suwar) ndin:
corteeji Alqur’aanaare nden hino senndii e nooneeji ɗiɗi:
-Senndannde jippagol corteeji ɗin: corteeji Alqur’aanaare (114) ɗin hino senndii hella ka saa’i tellagol majji e Nelaaɗo, hakkunde corteeji makkayankooji e madiinayankooji:
Corteeji makkayankooji ɗin: corteeji Jippiiɗi ɗin ko adtii Fergu Nelaaɗo ngun ko makkayankooji, nden dumunnde ko heede duuɓi sappo e tati (13), hino ka Alqur’aanaare heede corteeji 82 makkayankooji, hiɗi maandoree ka tiitooɗe:
1. Yeewtugol fii fiyakuuji finnde diina (wootinɗinal) e fii laahara.
2. Qissaaji annabaaɓe ɓen.
3. Wennjugol sirkuɓe ɓen e huncugol majjere mae nden.
Hiɗi maanndoree hella ka tafoodi haala:
1. Raɓɓiɗugol simooje majji e jallugol konnguɗi e raɓɓiɗugol yeewtere (al iijaaz).
2. Hino heewi e majji konnguɗi Yaa Ayyuh-annaas e Kallaa, e simooje sujudeeje ɗen.
Corteeji madiinayankooji ɗin: ko corteeji jippiiɗi ɗin ɓaawo Fergu Nelaaɗo ngun, hella duuɓi 10, hino ka Alqur’aanaare yeru corteeji cappanɗe tati e ɗiɗi (32) madiinayankeeji, hiɗi maandoree hella ka tiitooɗe majji:
wano yeewtugol fii:
1. Dewe ɗen e huuwondire ɗen (dewgal, ngeeygu).
2. Wennjugol yimɓe defte ɓen (Alyahuudu e Annasaara).
3. Huncugol gikku naafiqiiɓe ɓen.
Hella ka tafoodi konnguɗi:
1. Juutugol simooje majji ɗen.
2. (Yaa ayyuh-allaziina aamanuu).
-Sendannde mbaadi corteeji nden:
Attiwaalu: juutuɗi, ko ittanndema Baqara haa e cortewol Aaraafi ngol, ɗii ɗoo ko ɗi jeegoo jannguɓe ɓen hino luutondiri fii jeeɗiɗaɓol ngol, e hara Lanfaali e Baraa hawtidete nde wootere sabu anngal senndindirgol ɗi kannji ɗiɗi bisminnagol ngol, on say waɗa ɗi kannji ɗiɗi cortewol gootol, kaa hara ko cortewol Yuunusa ngol?
Ɗi inniraa Attiwaalu sabu juutugol majji on.
Almi’iina:
Ko corteeji hikkiiɗi Attiwaaluuji ɗin, ko ɗin fawnuɗi cimooje teemedere (100) maa hella ɗon, ittanndema cortewol Yuunusa ngol haa e cortewol Su’araa’I ngol.
ko ɗi noddiraa Mi’iina (teeminɗi) ko sabu ngol kala e majji hino fawni simooje teemedere (100).
Almasaanii: ko corteeji hikkiiɗi ɗin Mi’inaaji ɗin hara (tawa) hewtaali Mufassalaaji ɗin; ko corteeji arooji ɗin ɓaawo Su’araa’i haa ko adii cortewol Qaafi ngol. Ko ɗi inniraa Almasaanii ko sabu annabaaɓe ɓen e qissaaji maɓɓe ɗin hino fillitee e majji.
Almufassal: ko corteeji hikkiiɗi ɗin Almasaaniiji ɗin, ko corteeji raɓɓiɗuɗi ɗin, arannde majjji ko cortewol Qaafi ngol haa e cortewol Naasi ngol.
Ɗi inniraa Almufassal sabu ɗuuɗugol taƴanɗe ɗen hakkunde corteeji ɗin, ɗum ko bisminnagol ngol.
Arii e deftere Musnadu Addaramiiyu, immorii e Ibnu Mas’uud wonde Nelaaɗo maakii:
Juutuɗi (Attiwaalu) ɗin jeeɗiɗi ko yeru Tawreeta, teeminɗi (Al mi’iina) ɗin ko yeru Linnjiila, filfilinnaaɗi (Almasaani) ko yeru Zabuura, denndaangal Alqur’aanaare nden ɓaawo ɗum ɗoo ko ɓural.
c. ko haani anndude:
Ko adtii jippaade:
ko simooje arane ɗen ka cortewol Alaqi, gila simoore 1-5:
“Janngu e innde Joom maa, On taguɗo, o tagi neɗɗanke e heɗɗere. Janngu ko Joomi maa ɓuri teddude. On anndinirɗo karambol “kuɗol”. O anndini neɗɗanke ko o anndaano” (Alaqi : 1-5).
Ko sakkitii jippaade:
Hulee reento-ɗon e nyalaande nde ruttete-ɗon e mum ka Alla, hooti wonkii kala hunnanee (timminanee) ko ki faggitii, e hoore ɓe toonyoytaake” (Baqara: 281).
Cortewol ɓurungol juutude:
Ko cortewol Baqara ngol (nagge ngen).
Cortewol ɓurungol raɓɓiɗude ngol:
Ko cortewol Kawsar.
Simoore ɓurunde juutude:
Ko simoore “nyamaande nden” (Aayatul-dayni); ko simoore 282ɓiire nden e cortewol Baqara ngol.
Simoore ɓurunde raɓɓiɗunde nden:
Ko simoore cappanɗe jeegoo e nayaɓere (64) e cortewol Rawmaanu ngol.
Cortewol ɓurugol mawnude ngol:
Ko cortewol Faatiha ngol.
Simoore ɓurunde mawnude nden:
Ko simoore jullere nden (Aayatul-kursiyyu) e nder cortewol Baqara ngol.
Cortewol fotayngol e tataɓal (1/3) Alqur’aanaare nden:
Ko cortewol Ixlaasi ngol.


text:
Ñalnde 14 e 15 feebariyee 2015, Baaba Maal mawninii maanditaare duuɓi 30 goodal Daande Leñol e nder Nuwaasot, tawi ko e teddungal Mohammed wul Abdel Asiis, hooreejo leydi ndii.
Nii woni ardorde Diɗɗal ngal suɓiima fuɗɗoraade leydi Muritani ngam yoɓde diminna e ruttude teddungal fayde e ɓesngu leydi ndii fof e kuuɓal, ɓiɓɓe fulɓe e keertal.
Ko maa Muritani ɓenna nde leyɗeele keddiiɗe ɗee ndewa heen, ko wayi no leyɗeele Afrik Santaraal (Afrique Centrale) e leyɗeele Orop. Daande Leñol waɗtindortoo ko leydi Senegaal heedde maayirɗe hitaande ndee. Ɗum firti ko hitaande ndee fof, diɗɗal ngal wonata ko e geɗe maanditaare ndee. Leydi njontaandi fof noon, e wiyde Daande Leñol, ko mawɗo ndiin leydi rokketee teddungal maanditaare ndee.
Nii woni Umaar Wad, keedo kalfinaaɗo fiyakuuji Daande Leñol ummii Ndakaaru, ari Nuwaasot ngam heblude no ñalɗi ɗii potata tammboreede. O jokkondiri e won e pelle e won e yimɓe teelɗuɓe ko wayi no Fedde Ɓamtaare Daande Leñol e Fedde Tijjaani Aan, ɓamti Leñol e Fedde Haɓɓere Giɗli Rewɓe Bagodin. Ardinaa goomu njuɓɓudi nguu ko Sammba Neene Sal.
Umaar Wad ɗacciri ɓe golle ɗee, ruttitii Senegaal haa ñalnde 8 walla 9 lewru colte, arti kadi ngam ƴeewtaade ɗo geɗe ɗee njahrata e ngam heɓɓitaade heen ɗo waɗi lohre ko adii nde maanditaare ndee yettotoo.
Ñalnde alkamisa 12 colte, Baaba Maal naati Nuwaasot heedde 18w50hojom. Njaɓɓii mo to Boowal laaɗe diwooje Nuwaasot ko terɗe goomu njuɓɓudi maanditaare ndee, e sehilaaɓe makko heeriiɓe. Jamaanu keddiingu nguu sabboyii mo ko Otel Tufeyla, nokku ɗo o aadorii jippaade ɗoo. Aduna nootitiima e garal ngal haa dingiral Otel oo ɓitti. Hay mo tawtoraaka ngooɗoo futuro ena fota anndude no ñaantungal e coftal e weltaare arnooɓe jaɓɓaade mo ɓee potata siforaade, hay so tawii kuɗol men rewaani heen.
Ñalnde aljumaa 13 feebariyee, Baaba Maal dawri ko rokkirde ballal kaɓirɗe janngirɗe feewde e sukaaɓe janngooɓe to Duɗal 4 to Sebka, caggal nde o juutnii e nafoore jaŋde, teeŋti e jaŋde ɓiɓɓe rewɓe. Heɓi ballal ngal ko mawɗo duɗal ngal hono Sokna Faatimata Jaw lollirɗo Hawo Huseyni Jaw e tawtoreede hoohooɓe jaŋde Diiwaan Rewo oo (DREN du Nord). Nde dokkal ngal e konngi ɗii kempata tawi ko dadiiɓe reenatnooɓe njuɓɓudi ɓee nattitii waawde harŋaade yimɓe hakke e keewal. Gooto fof fof wiyata ko maa yettondira e Baaba Maal.
Ñalnde aset 14, Daande Leñol waaldi ko jamma gunndabi to dingiral ngal ɓe mbiyata Ammbasadoor. Hiirde ndee ko hiirde e hiraande. Jolol ngol (biyee) ngam naatde hiirde ndee, ko 10 000 mbuuɗu. Kono jolol ngol fof e tiiɗde, haaɗaani nokku oo heewde dak haa won e heen ndonki ɗo njooɗii, ndarii haa hiirde fusi. Ɗo sakkitii ɗoo, jolol dartoyiima e 15 000 mb, hay ɗum ne jiirondira. Teleeji 2STV mo Alhajji Njaay to Senegaal e Saahel TV mo Nuwaasoot mbaɗaani ɓe njahatnoo ɓee ko jokkondiral beƴ ngam humpitde ɓe no jamma oo yahri. Kaalis juuraama e oon jamma haa woodi sikkuɓe wonde o ummortoo ko dow asamaan ko jiidaa e cakkaaji ɗereeji kaalis ɗi Baaba Maal logganaa e daande ɗii Alla e weltaare. Hiirde ndee fusoyi ko 3 w 30 h subaka.
Kono ɗum fof e wayde, maanditaare ndee waɗeede e teddungal mawɗo leydi Muritani, addanii won e heen jogaade faayre e kulhuli yo a taw añɓe leñol ɓadtiiɓe laamu ngonaani e honde walla hoomtude Daande Leñol. Won e heen kadi njambiti ko njiyaani ɗoon won e jeese, tawi ko jaale mawɗe e nder Leñol ngol. Baaba Maal noon wiyi ko dawrugol walla ndaartude kaalis addaani Daande Leñol e leydi Muritani. Addi Daande Leñol e Muritani ko ruttude teddungal e aadi ɓooyɗo feewde e ɓeen, ɓe nganndu-ɗaa, ko ɗoftunooɓe mo, ko suusnunooɓe mo, ko semmbinnooɓe mo gila e fuɗɗoode haa e ooɗoo sahaa mo njahraten.
Ñalnde 15, hawri ko e ñalawma alet, jamma mum, Daande Leñol jirwinoyi ko to dingiral fuku koyɗe ngal ɓe mbiyata Estaad Olempik. Jamaanu nootiima, kaalis kadi juuraama maa mbiyaa haa ɓuri ko juuranoo e jamma jawtuɗo oo. Mbiyen tan maanditaare Daande Leñol e ndeeɗoo hitaande waɗtunde duuɓi 30 nde sosanoo, teskinii to bannge ngalu e to bannge keewal yimɓe haa ɓuri ɓennuɗe ɗee.
Gelongal Fuuta lollirɗo, Njaay Saydu Aamadu


text:
Daartol Iwdi e Ƴellitaare Binndol
Hol mo fuɗɗi binndol walla hol no binndol fuɗɗorii? Hol to fuɗɗii e hol nde fuɗɗii? Jaabowol ɗee laaɓnde ene seerta fawaade e hol mo laaɓndi ɗa. E Egypt ɓooyma, daarti maɓɓe ene kabra wonnde ko gooto e allaaji maɓɓe biyeteeɗo Thoth (Sawti walla Jewti walla ko haɗi boom mbiyen Yeewti, ene janngiree no seerti) ko kanum fuɗɗi binndol.
E nder tooru (diine) Egypt ɓooyma. Yeewti, hono no noddirten mo, ko geno ñeenyal wonno. Ko kanko woni geno winndooɓe kadi toppitiiɗo dogde e maslahaaji hakkunde genooɓe. So tawii ko to bannge Mesopotami, daarti maɓɓe e yontaaji Sumeryankooɓe ene kabra ko geno maɓɓe biyeteeɗo Enlil fuɗɗi binndol kono so artii haa e yonta Assariyankooɓe e Babilonnaaɓe ngaal teddungal artata ko e juuɗe geno maɓɓe biyeteeɗo Nabu. Hono no Yeewti, geno Ejiptnaaɓe laamiɗo konngol, ñeenyal e mbinndiin o ni, genooɓe Mesopotaami ene takkantenoo kattanɗe waawde tagde rewnude e konngol genoyeewol. E nder daarti Islaam ko annabi Idriisa wiyaa fuɗɗi binndol. Ko kanko adii, e ndentaangal ko Allah tagi ko fof, huwtooraade kuɗol (karambol) ngam winndude; ko kanko fuɗɗi ganndal koode e hisaab.
Ko waawi wonde heen fu en njiyii, e faamamuyaaji mawɓe adinooɓe, binndol ko huunde genɗunde nde hay gooto waawa humpitaade sirruji mum so o wonaa geno walla cuɓaaɗo mum.
Ko Ejipt walla Mesopotaami?
E yonta men wittiyankooɓe e daartol binndiin ene ndukda e koye mum en e dow toɓɓe keewɗe, ko wayno hol ko foti wiyeede binndol? Mbele nate taweteeɗe e nder wimmballoje gila e yontaaji ɓooyma ene mbaawi jogoreede ko binndol sabu eɗen njannga ummoraade e majje no ɗiin yontaaji nguurduno. Mbele huunde wiyetee binndol ko so ɗum waawii firde miijo walla ko ma ɗum waawa firde helmere? Kono pooɗe-nduure ɓurɗo mawnude o woni ko e pooɗondiral koongu hakkunde Afrocentirist en wiyooɓe binndol fuɗɗii ko he Afrik (Egypt) e Orocentirist en wiyooɓe binndol fuɗɗii ko e Mesopotami sarii ɗoon fayde e nokkuuji goɗɗi ko woyno Egypt e Siin (Chine).
So ɗiin dukooji ndeƴƴii, wittiyankooɓe ene kawri wonnde binndol, hono no kala geɗal e pinal aade ni, fuɗɗorii ko e mbaydi fuuyndi ene yaha ene ɓeydoo ƴoƴde e ɓenndude haa waawi wontude binndol hono no nganndirɗe ɗum hannde ni.
Jiitanɗe keewɗe baɗaaɗe e nokkuuji keewɗi cariiɗi e nder aduna he ene kola wonnde neɗɗo ɓooyi huwtoraade maanditorɗe (maantorɗe) ngam wallitde hakkille mum e waawde reende(siftorde). Ɗeen maanditooje, e hono no jiitanaɗe ɗee kolliriri, ene mbaawi wonde nate walla jelooɗe. E jiyanɗe wiɗtiyankooɓe e ko yowtii e garwanɗe binndol, hayso tawi ɗeen maanditooji mbaawa noddireede binndol ne, ko he waylo-waylo majje binndol jibina.
Ɗeen maale-binndol, hono no wittiyankooɓe ɓee noddirta ɗum ni, joom mum en ene kuwtortonoo ɗum ɗo adan ɗo ngam haa mbaawa teskaade walla siftorde. Caggal ɗum neɗɗo waɗti huwtoraade nate ɗe ene maandina huunde walla miijo.
Wittiyankooɓe daartol mbinndiin ene ngaadori lelnirde hono ni taaɓe ƴellitogol binndol tuggude e garwanɗe mum ɗe ɓe noddirta ado-binndol haa yonta binndol-tigiyeejo.
Mbinndiin-nateyeejo :
Ko natel maandinoowal huunde(object/objet) walla joofannde walla miijo. Ngaal daawal ene feccoo e taƴanɗe ɗiɗi:
- Maanditorɗe (mnemonic/mnémotechnique) ko kuwtoragal ngam maanditaade (siftorde) ;
- Binndol-nateyeewol (pictographic/pictographique) ko binndol (glyph/glyphe) maandinoowol huunde walla joofannde ko wayno doggol (asko, laamuuji, laamɓe walla golwole)
Mbinndiin-gowlaali:
Ko mbinndiin mo maandeeji mum ñemtinta wowlaandu. Ɗum ene feccoo e pecce tati:
- Helmereyankeejo (logography/logographie): maande heen fof ene toɗɗoo helmere no woonruno ko ɗum addani mbinndiin o noddireede “Helmereyankeejo”
- Hijjanndeyankeejo (syllabic/syllabique) : ko mo maande mum ene toɗɗoo hijjannde timmunde;
- Alkuleyankeejo (Alphbetic/alphabétique): Ko mbinndiin mo maande heen fof ene ñemtina hito (yeru: b, ɗ, h, ko hitooji tan).
So en tuugniima he wiɗtooji daartiyankooɓe mbinndiin, binndi (walla mbiyen maandinooje) ɓurɗi ɓooyde ko Hieroglyphs mo Ejipt e Cuniform mo summeryankeeɓe(Iraak). Ɗiɗi ɗii kala ene koddiree puɗɗima huwtoreede, ko jaasi fof, gila 3500 KJI (ko adii jibineede Isaa).