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Gooto e yeewtatnooɓe ɓe hollitii wonde naatgol nagge e ngalɗoo leegal ko kewu pinal maantinɗo. Nagge yuɓɓinanaama wejo wiyeteengo Vach’Art (Ñeeñal nagge) ngo nganndu-ɗaa ko kewu ñeeñal, tuggi 24 haa 26 suwee 2006.
Gooto e yeewtatnooɓe ɓe hollitii wonde naatgol nagge e ngalɗoo leegal ko kewu pinal maantinɗo. Nagge yuɓɓinanaama wejo wiyeteengo Vach’Art (Ñeeñal nagge) ngo nganndu-ɗaa ko kewu ñeeñal, tuggi 24 haa 26 suwee 2006.
Oon kewu hollitii wonde na’i naatii teeru, tee kala ko noddi nagge ina noddi ñeeñal e geɗe keewɗe : kosam ko nguurndam, ko maale jam, ko maale hay njooɗbdam e nder won ɗeen pine. Yeru mum ɓurɗo maantinde, e fawaade e ko yeewtatnooɓe kolliti, ko Fulɓe. Ɗum ɗoon noon, yahdaani e ko tuubakooɓe nganndiri Afriknaaɓe (wonde njarataa kosam), tee ina hollita jotondiral walla aadi tiiɗɗo gonɗo hakkunde pullo e nagge. Ɓe mbiyi wonde Fulɓe ina tawee e nder noogaas e ko fawi dowla e nder Afrik, kono nde tawnoo alaa ɗo ɓe njogii laamu, aɓe keewi yejjiteede e nder diskuuraaji e nder defte, tawi noon ɓe njeyaa ko e leƴƴi eggiyankooji ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere nde.
Ko ɗum addani biyeteeɗo Florence Gaty (potoowo), e dow ballal Hacène Sadoune (Hasen Sadum) (mahoowo-cehoowo) hollitde nagge fulfulde e nder boowal Saint-Germain-des-Prés, ngam siftinde yimɓe ɓe, ɗo nagge tolnii e pullo, e no nge woniri to maɓɓe maale faaro e njooɗndam.
Nagge pullo nder leegal Saint-Germain-des-Prés (Pari) : Dorothée Guilhem, Florence Gaty, Gilles Fumey, Bernard Faye, Salamatu Soh (Foto : Sophie Desouches (CIDIL))
Pullo mo alaa na’i wayi ko no laamɗo mo alaa kufne laamu nii
Ina hasii, kala nde naamndi-ɗaa pullo no foti na’i jogii, jaaboto maa « ko seeɗa », waɗi noon ko o yonetaake na’i.
Florence Gaty noon, ina anndi fulɓe no feewi, sibu o hoɗdii e maɓɓe, o janngii ɓe, tuggi Muritani haa Ecopi, ɓee fulɓe ɓe alaa ko jokkondiri ɗum en so wonaa (ko famɗaani ko) yiɗde mum en nagge e kala ko ummii e mum. Ina wiyee nii ko kamɓe naatni kosam e nder Afrik, ɓe nganndi sirlu gonɗo e mum kam e nafoore mum. « Ɗiiɗoo miliyoŋaaji 6 aynaaɓe eggiyankooɓe no mbayi e na’i nii, ina hulɓinii, hakkille waawaa ɗum faamde ».
Biyeteeɗo Bernard Faye oo ne wuurdii ko juuti e fulɓe aynaaɓe Afriknaaɓe. O wiyi o meeɗii anndondirde e suka pullo, kuñinooɗo inɗe na’i sefre mum kala : 987 nagge. O huñii tonngooɗe majji, omo anndi kadi heen woote fof innde nagge jibinnge ɗum, tawi noon kañji kala ko ɗi ciirol gootol. O wiyi fulɓe ina keewi wiyde «ko nagge woni jam ! »
Na’i fulɓe timmata ko maa ndaña fotde duuɓi na’i (na’i tuubakooɓe ina timma e nder duuɓi ɗiɗi fat). Ɗi mbaɗata kosam ko nde ɗi ɓesni, fotde lebbi jeetati, heen sahaaji eɗi mbaɗa kosam fotde hitaande. Nagge pullo ɓirata ko feccere liiteer ñalnde kala, tawi noon nagge Farayse ina ɓira fotde 30 liiteer e ñalawma gooto (kannge ɓuri nagge pullo soñtude laabi 60). Kono noon nagge pullo ɓuri juutde balɗe, sibu ange waawi wuurde fotde duuɓi 15 haa 20, tawi na’i tuubakooɓe keewaani ɓurde duuɓi sappo.
Nagge pullo ina waɗi ƴonngo. Naafoore ƴonngo ngo ko mooftude semmbe e mbaydi nebam, hono no ƴonngo ngelooba nii, no laaci mbaalu walla njawdi nii walla dote debbo nii. So nguura saɗtii ko ɗuum nge ñaamtata.
Kosam, nagge e debbo
E miijo Salamatu Soh, ko debbo pullo woni ɓernde njuɓɓudi renndo fulɓe tuugiingo e calɗi tati : debbo, nagge e kosam. Ko debbo toppitii kosam, waylata ɗum. Miijooji keewɗi ina ngoodi, jwitiiɗi e jotondiral debbo cuɓaaɗo, baawɗo soñtinde sefre na’i : so na’i keewii, kaarii, ɓirii ko heewi, wiyetee ko sabu ɓayre debbo ! Nagge noon ko dokkal Alla. E nder daari gidiiɗi, ina wiyee wonde fulɓe ummii ko e bandiraaɗo gorko e bandiraaɗo debbo ɓe jiknaaɓe mum en ndiiwnoo sabu mum en nattude waawde haalde ɗemngal njaatiraaɓe mum en. Ɓe njahi ha ɓe tampi, ɓe njooɗii aɓe pooftoo, ɓe kuɓɓi jaynge ; ɗoon nagge yalti e ndiyam tiindii e maɓɓe. Hankadi kikiiɗe fof, nge yalta, nge ara e maɓɓe : ngee nagge ko Alla hokki ɗum ɓeeɗoo ɓiɗɓe yumma mbele ina neha nge. Fulɓe ko leñol cuɓangol ngam toppitaade nagge. (…).
E nder Niiseer, ko ɓuri heewde e fulɓe kuutortoo tan ko kosam ɓiraɗam walla pedane walla nebam sirme. Ɓirdugal maɓɓe heewaani ñeñi. Lahal dottirgal ina heewi ñeñi. Kosam ɓiretee ko subaka. So yahii haa ñiddii, ɗam rufetee ko e nder ndiyam (rufetaake e leydi), sibu e oon sahaa mooftude kosam newaaki, nde tawnoo ina wuli haa ɓurti. Jamma kadi ɓiree. Ko ɓurti ko fenndee, sippoyee. Ko ɗum tagi jofle keewaani woɗɗude jehreeji, hakkunde kilooji 7 haa noogaas.
Kosam, sewnde njooɗndam
Dorothée Guilhem etiima faamde no fulɓe njiyrata njooɗndam. Ko goonga nii o wondunoo ko e fulɓe waalo, kono o teskiima hay ɓeen ina keddodii e aadaaji pulaagu. Kamɓe fof e resndude kolce maɓɓe aynaaɓe sardi, hay dara alaa ko waylii e yiɗde maɓɓe na’i. Aɓe kuutooo nebam ɗam ngam wujaade walla kadi neyɓinde e sarfrude ɓalli maɓɓe. Kosam ɓiraɗam ɗam ina yeeyoyee e gure teeru…
Kosa mina addana ɓalli rewɓe fulɓe neyɓude e ŋarɗude, huunde nde fulɓe waalaŋkooɓe njeeɓata : ɓalndu fooynundu, ñiiƴe daneeje, toni tuppaaɗi, gite daneeje e tiinde mawnde … Ko ɗum addanta ɓe femmbude tiiɗe maɓɓe mbele aɗe ɓeydoo juutde. Ɗiiɗoo sifaaji ina tawee e rewɓe fulɓe : sukundu laysuru juutndu, yahdu yamyamru (yaɓɓa daagoo), famɗeende ƴeewki (gite maɓɓe pottaataa e gite goɗɗe), darnde siliinde, fortiinde … Florence Gaty ɗakkii e nagge sehi nge nate rewɓe fulɓe siŋkiiɓe suɗiiɓe, ina ɓira nayi. Hay worɓe fulɓe ko noon ndeeniri mbaydi mum … Ko ɗum waɗi ɗo njiy-ɗaa ɓe kala aɓe njooɓii daarorgal, ɓe njaɓataa punndi takkoo e maɓɓe. Toppitaade ɓalndu mum, ko hormaade heddiiɓe. (…)
Kosam, nayi e cogge
E miijo Bernard Faye, pinal kala ina jogii no gollortoo kosam. Fulɓe ɓuri horsinde ko kosam kaaɗɗam. Pulaar / fulfulde, ina jogii 50 helmere sifotoonde wutte nagge, jiidaani e kelme 20 cifotooɗe noordi (goobu) ɗiin wutteeji.
Jaŋtawol BAB


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Jamma aljumaa, 14 lewru siilo 2011, jofɗo hoyre-biir, Nuwaasot, laamorgo dowla Muritani dillii, iiñtii no feewi. Hay safalɓe, sooninkooɓe e jolfuɓe tindii won ko naati wuro ngoo ko famɗaani doole. Rewɓe nana nduñondira e damuɗe gollorɗi fuuɗooɓe, moorooɓe e sinkooɓe. Yeeyatnooɓe ngaanii sabu soodooɓe kawii ɗumen, nana ndartii ena naamndoo hol ko jogori kewde e ndee sahre. To bannge worɓe, sukaaɓe e mawɓe nana njiirondira ñootooɓe e sakkeeɓe.
Hay goobooɓe wuro ngoo keɓii e tuuse jinndere ndee. Werlaa fof mo njiyɗaa haɓɓani hirke ko Noowotel innitiraaɗo hannde Otel Tufoyla.
Dillini Nuwaasot ko garal Maalik Paate Soh, gorko Njum Donnde Maasina Tooro, gural Maysa Aali, kañum e diɗɗal mum Maoba. Maalik ko naalanke timmuɗo, mo Geno yeɗi dokke keewɗe. O wonaa naalanke mo yonta jolni. O wonaa naalanke jiɗɗo waɗde hoyre, kañum tan. Kono ko o naalanke mo Alla tafi, tagi, loowi, resani leñol fulɓe. Omo fiya hoɗdu, hoɗa gitaar, omo ñaaña, omo wayla baylol. So o amii ena yooɗi, so o yimii kadi mbiyaa ko ɗuum ɓuri welde.
O ari ko juuraade Fulɓe Muritani ngam wuurtinde enɗam, tiiɗtinde giɗgol e hesɗitinde hoolaare hakkunde makko e ɓeeɗoo ɓe o waɗi so tawii leñol ngol wonnoo ko ngesa ko kañumen ngonatnoo galle kisnoowo njabeeri haa wonta ƴoogo.
Caggal diɗɗal ngal, omo ardi e jaayndiyankooɓe ɗiɗo, nantuɗe inɗe mumen hono Aliiw Basum mo Cilon salndu Fuuta e Mammadu Aamadu Lih, gorko Mbooyo Wahaa, kaɗndorgal Ceelooji, ngam seedtaade ñalaaɗe ɗe o jogiri waɗdude, kanko Maliik Paate Soh e ɓiɓɓe Fulɓe. Omo ardi kadi e seto timmungo, timmirngo faayiida, e nder heen haaliyanke gittanooɗo nemsa, belɗo sawtawol, jooɗɗo e ndaaratnde to bannge sormaat.
Maalik Paate Soh ko gummaniiɗo njillu e nder duunde Afrik kono o jooɗii ko to Biriksel(Bruxelles), laamorgo dowla Belsik (Belgique). O fuɗɗorii njillu nguu ko Ndakaaru, laamorgo Senegaal. O rewni heen ko Nuwaasot sabu teskaade mo felliti daraade, saannoto walla no fulɓe keewi wiyde nii : puniiɗo ajjoto mbele tigguuji mum ena pota e enɗi mum.
Maalik Paate Soh ena ŋoogɗini wonde Muritani e Senegaal ko leyɗeele jiiduɗe yumma e baaba, dennduɗe ko feccotaako, ɗe maayo wonaani ɗumen keerol saka fecca hakkunde rewo e worgo. Caggal ɗuum ko woodde mo e Muritani enɗam tiiɗɗam, njonngu caɗtungu e giɗgol tabitngol. Njaatigi jamma oo e geɗe paytunooɗe heen ko Umaar Jakariyaa Joop mo Mbaañ, Cile e leydi Hammadi e goomu mum.
Ngam njillu nguu waɗa faayiida, teskina, daña ruttorde ngam resande yontaaji garooji janngo, Alhajji Daɓɓo Njaay waɗdi mo ko e kaɓirɗe dowrowe e haralleeɓe naɓoyankooɓe 2STV, nehiiɓe, newiiɓe, suɓtaaɓe e nder keele fanniyankaagal nan-yiyngo.
Muritaninaaɓe njaɓɓiima Maalik Paate Soh, teddinii ɗum, kollitii ɗum haa laaɓti wonde ena mbeltii e njillu nguu. Goomu magooji Jalluɗi Jam mbaɗii heen golle maantiniiɗe gila e kollirgol geɗe ganni to bannge cinkal e sormaat pullo hanki haa e addude ballal timmungal e nder hiirde ndee: hakkunde cubballo mo wonaa tampoo-taatoo e nooroo, nguy, Sammba ganndo beeli.
Ko ɗoon baabooy Gellaay Aali Faal, gorko Aram Sahre ɓuri goorumma( yurmeende Alla e makko), wiyatno: nguy ƴeeŋii, heɓii liwel, takkiima ciiwel, leliima e jaljalɗe, sawndiima jaaɓel. Kenal wonii e sooyde. Cukalel tokiima, joom nano sikki-sakka, ñaamo e taƴaale joomiraaɗo. O waɗi lekkel e lekkel, ŋorel e ŋorel. Omo wondi e koyli. Koyli yiɗaa nooroo, nooroo yiɗaa koyli. Koyli wiltii to ladde, gubiima, gabiima, wafii, waɗi mbaafurna, ŋaayaa goolooli. Koyli soppaama, fertaama, heefaama, heeftindaama, yaɓɓaama, yaɓtindaama. Koyli ɓuƴaa, wujaa, lelnaa e wul-am-gaynaako, sinndaa denngere lewre e weñaande, banngali, njoogu e nalla. Pindinee nooroo kure pewjaama ! tawa Balla jeerel kañum yawtii….
Muritaninaaɓe njooɗnii garal Maalik Paate Soh e Nuwaasot sabu yimɓe teskinɓe ko wayi no Lih Jibriil Hammee, Jibi Bah lollirɗo Gelongal Bah, Kaaliidu Baaba Gise, Caam Aamadu Sammba Lawo, Hammadi Tabsiiru Bul Joop, Maamuudu Gaako, Aliiw Coofi Joop, Woon Sammba Yero, Mammadu Njaay cewngu Mboon ekn, ko jiidaa e naalankooɓe dowluɓe wayɓe Demmba Njaay, Ndillaan colel daande-maayo, Ceɗɗel Mbay, Haawa Jimmeera, R. J, Saydu Gedda Sih, Hammadi Gawdel Bah, Saydu Nuuru Gay, Pennda Gise, ekn. Ko noon kadi natooɓe, ɗosooɓe ŋarɗuɓe golle…..
Njillu Maalik Paate Soh e Muritani waɗii ɓure kewɗe no feewi sabu ngu anndinii Fulɓe muritaninaaɓe geɗe tati:
Fulɓe Muritani ena ngoni, ena ngoodi, en ngoodi kadi ko ɓooygol daartol momtataa. Ɓe ngonaani, ngoodaani ɓee, njilloytaake.
Fulɓe Muritani ena mari jaale kerɗe, gila e guurɗe haa e maawɗe, tawi ko binndirɗe inɗe mumen alkule kaŋŋe e nder daartol leñol.
Fulɓe Muritani ena poti jokkude ndeen darnde ngam rontinde e tontaaji garooje sabu ko woyi maayɗo koo, ko ɗuum yettata guurɗo.
Gelongal Fuuta lollirɗo
Njaay Saydu Aamadu

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E maayirɗe hitaande 2012, kewuuji tati mawɗi kadi mbaɗii ɗo Kayhayɗi ɗoo. Heen gooto ko koolol, ɗiya ɗiɗi ko kewuuji diine, so Silke deftere Ɓuraana e udditgol jumaa Gataaga.
- Koolol Kayhayɗi ñalnde 18 /12 / 2O12.
Ummiiɓe Moonngel ko fulɓe e safalɓe. Ɓe ngaddii finaa tawaa mum en haa timmi, gila e ngaynaaka, e moori, kadduki. Seppooji ɗii puɗɗii ko waktu sappo e go’o haa sappo e ɗiɗi ina fawi hojomaaji seeɗa. E mbaadi seppo, Monnguelnaaɓe ko kañum en fof ceppidi. Ɓe mbaɗi ko pullo ardii capaato rewi heen, ɗuum ko wonande rewɓe ɓee.
E maayirɗe hitaande 2012, kewuuji tati mawɗi kadi mbaɗii ɗo Kayhayɗi ɗoo. Heen gooto ko koolol, ɗiya ɗiɗi ko kewuuji diine, so Silke deftere Ɓuraana e udditgol jumaa Gataaga.
- Koolol Kayhayɗi ñalnde 18 /12 / 2O12.
Ummiiɓe Moonngel ko fulɓe e safalɓe. Ɓe ngaddii finaa tawaa mum en haa timmi, gila e ngaynaaka, e moori, kadduki. Seppooji ɗii puɗɗii ko waktu sappo e go’o haa sappo e ɗiɗi ina fawi hojomaaji seeɗa. E mbaadi seppo, Monnguelnaaɓe ko kañum en fof ceppidi. Ɓe mbaɗi ko pullo ardii capaato rewi heen, ɗuum ko wonande rewɓe ɓee.
Rewɓe fulɓe ina ndooni lehe ina kippaa beɗi cañaaɗi ceertuɗi mbaydiiji, sabu ɗii heen ko deele toɓɓaaɗe, ɗii heen ko sedebe mbiyetee, ɗii heen ko tokara, e ñorɗe ina pawaa ñeduɗe cipporɗe e tawlorɗe e goɗɗe, ko wayi no ñeduɗe tufam e ñeduɗe hennde e kosam kaaɗɗam e kore. Kore noon ina peccii e pecce ɗiɗi : ina waɗi tumbuɗe e horde ɓirdugal. Ina waɗi ñedukon keedtinaakon e teddule ko wayi no hoɗɓe. Gila e sorbooji ndeen, so sagataaɓe ngarii e wuro, ko sukaaɓe rewɓe mbaɗatnoo, ɓe puukana ɓe koon ñedukon mooftakon, ina lawƴaa haa laaɓi mbaɗdee heen. Puukri ko lacciri suurtintee haa ɓennda, waɗee rogere wootere, waasa fuseede wona booɗe booɗe. Kosam waɗee suukara haa neesta, a waawaa yarde ɗam alla e welde, waɗee e lahal tokosal, puukri ndii waɗee e miimo. Miimo noon ko lahal keertinaangal e teddule, ɓe ngaddana hoɗɓe ɓe mbaɗa heen puɓɓaari, ɓe ndana no ɓe njeewtiri, kono koɗo gaddanaaɗo puukri ñaamataa haa haara, ko seeɗa ñaamata heen. Sabu so a haari, so hiraande arii a ñaamataa. Ɗuum ina jaletenoo no feewi, so gaddanaaɗo puukri ñaami haa haari. Wontanta ɗum ko jalol, sabu so waranaama ñaamata. To bannge worɓe ɓee Ko aynaaɓe ɓee ceppi, ɓe kollirii ko ɓe aynaaɓe, sabu be ngaddi ko baage e koloyaaji ɓe kolli golle ɓulli, ɓirduɗe e ɓoggi daɗi, e comci aynaaɓe e tuubaaji mum en e laɓɓe cilmbaaɗe. To moori sukaaɓe Wooturu ko moorol mboomri. So neɗɗo yiyii joom mum ina anndi suwaa tawo reseede, ina waawi wonde jontuɗo, ina wona tawa suwaa yontu, e taate pane, fof ko e moori sukaaɓe. E moori goɗɗi kollirooji mawɓe. Ɗiin ina njogii sifaaji. Moorol biyeteengol bafi ko jubbol e nder jubbol. Ngol tuggata ko e tiinde ndee haa e hakkunde hoore. Goɗngol ngol fawtee e dow maggol. Ceɓal ngal naattinee e nder maggol. E biyeteengol nadi ko moorol ɓesɗo. So debbo jibinii, ñalnde innde, mooroo ngol. So ñalawma mo o innunoo oo artii, o sañtoo, o mooro ngol, ɗoon e ɗoon, so oon ñalawma artii kadi, o sañtoo, o mooro ɗoon e ɗoon, wona o mooriima laabi tati.
Ñalnde 19/12/2O12, ko mago ɓe njoginoo. Fayti e nanngal ɓiɗɗo debbo gila nde jibinaa haa ñalnde jiknaaɓe gorko ngari naamnitaade. Hol no nanngirtenoo? Hol no naamnitortenoo? Kisa hawri e leydi ndii naatii sunaare wonande meeɗnooɗo wonde hoyreejo leydi ndii sankiima to yahnoo safroyaade, ɗum haɗi golle ɗee jokkude.
Kuɗol Maamuudu Jah to Moongel


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Nuwelzeland: hawannde jihaadiyankoore gaañii yimɓe njeegoo
Saakitaama ñannde :
E aljuma hannde, 3 9ɓuru, gorko tufirii laɓi yimɓe 6 e nder galle yeeyirɗe no inndee Awkland, ado piliisaaɓe ɓen warde mo. Himo tawanoo e yimɓe aynaaɓe sabu kuliyankaaku.Iwdi makko ko Siri-lanka, ko e hitaande 2011 o naati e nder leydi ndin. Koe nder suudu yeeyirdu o kutii laɓi ko o tufiri yemɓe ɓen kin. Ko ɗum holliti hooreejo jaagorɓe on Jasinda Ardern. O waraama caggal nde o barmini yimɓe 6, ko ɗum ɓeydi kanko hooreejo guwerneman on. O wi'i kadi wonnde oo gorko no tawanoo e yimɓe ɓe poliisi on ayni sabu ɓadondiral makko e fedde Diiwal Lislaamu.


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Hol ko jogori Wonde Janngo Pulaar he nder Muritani?
Ñalnde 24 Morso 2022, Batirdu Ngenndi Muritani ɓenninii kuulal eɓɓaande mbayliigu tippudi jaŋde he Muritani. So ɗuum siynaama maa waɗtu ɗemngal Arab janngirngal he kala tolno kadi e kala fannuuji. Ɗuum firti tuggude gila he duɗe tokoose, hakkundeeje, haa e jaaɓi-haaɗtirde janngirde Arabeere wontata koko waɗɗii. Ɗemngal Faraysinkoore ngal Muritaninaaɓe kuwtortonoo gila ko adii jeytaare mum en haa jooni, kadi gonnongal ɗemngal mum lawakeewal (langue officielle) caggal nde Muritani heɓi jeytaare mum ngal, kanum sortaama he ɗemɗe laawɗinaaɗe leydi ndi.
Janngude ɗum fawii ko he suɓngo jiɗɗo oo tan ngam haa wonana ɗum ɗemngal udditorngal (langue d’ouverture). Ɗemɗe ngenndiije keddiiɗe ɗee, Pulaar, Sooninkoore e Wolof, kanum en ne, maa mbaɗtu janngineede hono no kuulal ngal haaliri, kono maɗe njariɓe haa anndee ɗuum ene waawi wonde. Kono ɗuum addii jiiɓru mawndu he dukooji, haa ɓuri teeŋtude he dartiyankooɓe ɓaleeɓe ɓe ngonaa salfalɓe e pelle daraniiɗe ƴellitde e yooltude hujjaaji ɗemɗe ngenndiije Muritani.
So en ƴettii yeru fedde OLAN (Organisation pour l’officialisation des langues National) ɓe kirjinii no feewi e calagol ndee ɗoo eɓɓaande, sabu he jiyanɗe maɓɓe kuulal ngal laɓɓinaani toɓɓe keewɗe jarɗe teskaade kadi e laɓɓinde. Ko adii fof ko a) wiyeede ɗemɗe ɗee maa njariɓe fotaani wonde sabu ɗuum waɗanooma he ko yawti haa hawra wonde golle ɗee moƴƴii, kadi UNESCO wasiyii ɗuum yoo yaajne he nder duɗe leydi ndii kala. Kono caggal mum laamu nguu dartini ɗeen golle he dow teyɗe-e-belaaɗe, kono ko gollanoo ndeen koo ene heddii ɗoon haa jooni, gollunooɓe ɗum ɓe ne kadi yoga e mum en ene nguuri; b) kuulal ngal laɓɓinaani so ene jaribee ne hol dumunna dottaaɗo ɗo jaribo ngoo haaɗata. E ɓe ciftina en wonnde, he 1979 wiyaanoo ko eɓɓo ngoo foti duumaade ko duuɓi jeegom, kono laamu nguu lirii ɗum haa woni duuɓi noogaas. Wadde noon ngol laawol ne hayso jaribo woɗngo ene waɗee ne ene foti wona he nder dumunna dottaaɗo. c) Jaagorɗo fodaniiɓe wonnde maa ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee jannge, he gol laawol wayataa no ko ɓennunoo koo ni, kono he yiyannde OLAN konngol jaagorɗo o e fodannde mum tan yonaani, ko kuulal ngal foti laɓɓinde wonnde ɗemɗe ɗee ma ngon ɗemɗe janngeteeɗe kadi janngirteeɗe. Ɗuum firti, sukaaɓe ɓee ene poti janngineede ɗemɗe mum en neeniweeje kadi so ɓe poti janngude ganndal tawa ko ɗemɗe maɓɓe ɓe janngirta.d) Ko ɗemɗe ɗee ene poti laawɗineede (wontude lawakeeje) tawa so neɗɗo janngii he neeniwal mum kadi ene waawa golloraade ɗum. He yiyannde yimɓe OLAN, muumde ɗee toɓɓe saloo laɓɓinde ɗum en ene tinndina, laamu nguu ene soomi jamfa e hodo. Fayndaare maɓɓe ko tabitinde jaalagol arabeere he dow ɗemɗe leydi keddiiɗe ɗee.
Hol ko Wonata Rewam Aarabineede Muritani he dow leñɗi Ɓaleeɓe ɓe?
Rewam aarabingol Muritani he dow leñɗi ɓaleeɓe, haalpulaar’en, Jolfuɓe e Sooninkooɓe, ko bone mo famɗaani, nde tawnoo noddi ko maaygol neɗɗaagal(identite) maɓɓe, gila e ɗemɗe maɓɓe haa e pine maɓɓe. Hay daartol maɓɓe majjinte hono no leñɗi keewɗi hannde gonɗi he les njiimaandi Arabeeɓe, ko wayno Libye, Egypte, Algerie, Irak e Syrie ekn.
So wontii ko ɗemngal Arab tan woni paggorngal ganndal, kadi kanum tan gollortee, yimɓee maa njeebo ɗemɗe mum en, sabu ɗe nattat joganaadeɓe nafoore, ɓe kimmirana Arabeere nde ngam ɗamaamuya waawde dañirde ɗum golle e martaba he nder leydi he. Yaama ɗo adan ɗoo maa Arabeeɓe ɓee njaɓ newnandeɓe wonde huunde kala he leydi hee haa ɓe ngasa saayde. Kono battane fof, ɓe ngontata ko yaɓɓaaɓe, ɓe ngala hiisa, mbaawa wonde haydara he nder leydi mum en, hono no ɓaleeɓe Worgoori Afrik (Algerie, Tunisie, Libye e Maroc) ɓee mbaynii.
Hannde so ɓaleejo Muritaninaajo janngii haa dañii seedamfaagu jaaɓi-haaɗtirde he ɗemngal Faraysinkoore so dañaani golle he nder Muritani ene waawi yahde Senegaal, Mali, Cote d’Ivoire walla leyɗeele Afrik ɓaleejo ɗee kala daña toon golle. Kono so tawii ko Arabeere tan o janngiri, so wonaa laamu Muritani rokkimo golle, alaa fof ɗo o waawi dañoyde golle, sabu eɗen nganndi leyɗeele Arabeeɓe ɗe kaalɗen dow ɗee fof alaa ɗo neɗɗo ɓaleejo arata haa rokke hurum e teddungal saka waawde dañde ɗoon martaba, kala no ganndal makko waawi fotde noon. Wadde noon wiyde ene Aarabina ɓaleeɓe Muritani ko yiɗɗe nuskude ɗum en e ittude e mum neɗɗaagu. Salaade ɗuum ko reende ndimaagu mum e neɗɗaagu mum.
MURITANI: FAYNDAARE EƁƁAANDE KUULAL TIPPUDE JAŊDE KO YOO ƊEMƊE ƁALEEƁE CORNOYE LES NDALLA.
Dukooji e ko yowitii e hol ko foti wonde identitee leydi Muritani, ko duko fuɗɗiingo gila he kebungal jeytaare Muritani ndimaagu mum dawrugol. Mbele Muraitani so rimɗii foti ñaantoraade ko wutte mum capataagu,ɗuum firti wonde leydi safalɓe gila to pinal haa e ɗemngal e kala maandeeji (symboles) mum? Walla Muritani foti ko faarnoraade wonde leydi leñɗi keewɗi, pine, e ɗemɗe keewɗe ceertuɗe? Wonande Arabeeɓe ɓee, ngaal laɓndal jaabowol mum alaa luural. Muritani foti sinkoraade e ñaaƴirde tan ko pinal e ɗemngal Arab. Kadi kala jeyaaɗo e mayri ko ɗuum o foti suɗoraade…[Jokku Taro]
KAALGOL ƊEMƊE NGENNDIIJE TO SUUDU BATIRDU NGENNDI MURITANI: HOL KO FAAYAA HEEN?
Ko ɓooyaani ko, laamu Muritani ƴettii kuule kese ngam ittude ɗemngal Farayse he ɗemɗe kaalateeɗe he nder Batirdu Ngenndi he, ɓe lomtiinii ɗoon ɗemɗe ngenndiije Muritani, woni Pulaar Sooniŋkoore e Jolfe (Wolof) yantude e Arabeere. Sinno rewiino ɗo foti rewde ɗoo ɗuum ko kabaaru belɗo wonan’de ɓeen haɓantenooɓe ngam yoo ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee keɓtine fotde duuɓi jooni keewɗi… [Jokku Taro]


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E oo subaka dewo, 05 lewru mbooy hitaande 2006, fulɓe mbaasii sagata mo ndewaani ñamaande. Fulɓe mbaasii ko weeɓaani heɓtude. Fulbe mbaasii ɗo lekki maamaawi, mawki, ɓesnoowi, ki ɓesnoore mum siilataa, teelnooki e nder yolnde jeereende. Fulɓe kordaama ɗo weendu mawndu, ɓuuɓndu, deeƴndu wonnoondu faabu e daɗdorde lohbe e ɗomɗube e nder yolnde mawnde nde keeri ngalaa, jaaynde woodaani : “So lekki mawki yanii, colli keewɗi mbeemat”.
“Nde leñol wuurata wona leñol nannga daarorgal mum e hakkunde leƴƴi guurɗi e les naange Alla he ko maa ɓiɗɓe mum ngaawee e gulle ƴiiƴam e warñeende sabu hakke hokketaake, teettete ; ko ɗum addi sippirooji njiyaten ɗi na mbaɗa ñalnde kala e winndere he”
Holi Yero Dooro Jallo
Yero Dooro Jallo yiyi aduna ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Beyi Lugge, e nder falnde Magaama, diiwaan Gorgol Muritani. Nde o heɓi duubi jeegom, o waɗaa e alluwal ɓuraana. Adii winndande mo alkulal ko kaaw makko ena wiyee Mammadu Goral. Nde o ummii e juuɗe oon, o fayi ko to wiyetee Lammbaango, e nder dowla Senegaal. Ngoon ko wuro tooroɓɓe. Caggal ɗum, o fayti Beeli Nayɗe. Nde Yero ummii kadi e Beeli Nayɗe ruttitii ko Muritani e wuro wiyeteengo Taasoor, ngam jokkude jaŋde e juuɗe kaaw makko goɗɗo. Caggal Taasoor, Yero arti e Senegaal e wuro Maatam, naati ɗoon e duɗal arab. Ko ɗoon o waynorii, ngam yahde Misra. Kono e kaayitaaji makko laawɗinaaɗi, o jibinaa ko e hitaande 1947 e wuro Lummbol Sammba Abdul e nder falnde Wuro Soogi, to diiwaan Maatam Senegaal. Hakkunde maayirɗe hitaande 1959 e darorɗe hitaande 1960, o ummanii laawol feewde Misra. O yettoyii Ejipte (Egypte) walla Misira ko e hitaande 1966, caggal nde o waɗi duuɓi jeegom e laawol.
– e hitaande 1966, o winndii e duɗal biyeengal “Al ashaara”;
– e hitaande 1968, o heɓi “berwe” makko;
– e hitaande 1972, o fooɗi “bak“, o fiyi e jiifa, tawi alanaa mo tanaa;
– e hitaande 1973, o winndii e duɗal jaabi- haaɗtirde Ejipte
– e hitaande 1978, o heɓi “lisaas” makko.
O yuɓɓinii jeewte Pulaar e rajo Keer tuggude hitaande 1970 haa hitaande 1981. Omo jeyaa e adduɓe miijo e darnde haa Kawtal Janngooɓe Pulaar e Leyɗe aarabeeɓe sosaa. Ko kanko wonnoo kalfinaaɗo jaŋde e pinal fedde nde. O woniino kadi gardiiɗo jaaynde wiyeteende Peeral. Yero ko winndiyanke mawɗo. Gila omo woni to leyɗeele Aarabeeɓe. O winndii defte keewɗe, ganndaaɗe, kuutoraaɗe sanne e nder ɓiɓɓe Fulɓe. Ena jeyaa e ɗeen “defte taro Sammba e Kummba”, “celluka Pulaar” e “Ndikkiri joom moolo”. Yoga e deeɗoo golle, o gollodii ɗum en ko e worɓe ngenndiyankooɓe ɓe o wuurdunoo toon to Misra.
Yero arti e ngenndi mum Senegaal ko e hitaande 1981. E hitaande 1982, o tawtoraama sosngo Kawtal Bordoo. Yero udditii duɗe keewɗe sanne nde tawnoo, wonnoo e fayndaare makko ko mbele kala ɗo ɓiyi Pullo waawi wonde, ena seerta e humambinnaagu. Ɗo o ruttii e joomiiko ɗo, hooraagu fedde nde wonnoo ko e juuɗe makko. O waɗii heen warñeende makko e ƴiiƴam makko, haa ko weli e ko metti fof tawi mo heen. O jeyaa kadi ko e doosɗe yummaaje eɓɓoore wiyeteende ARED, nde Fajeerbeer Jallo Soñaa ardii. E nder ndeen eɓɓoore, ɓe cosii heen goomuuji ɗiɗi pattamlami : Goomu Fulo e Wallifo Ɗefte Diine e Goomu Winndiyankooɓe Demɗe Ngenndiije.
Banndiraaɓe, ɗumɗoo ko jubbannde tokosere e nguurndam ceemo men, jinnaaɗo men, mawɗo men, musiɗɗo men Yero Dooro Jallo. En mbaawaa haaldude ñaam-goolluuje Yero Dooro Jallo, hay so en ndokkaama yaajeende timmunde walla gollorɗe timmuɗe. Mbiyaten tan ko yo Geno yurmo mo, yaafoo mo, kanko e denndaangal maayɓe juulɓe. Yo Geno waɗ toon fooftorde makko, waɗta barke makko e ɓesngu makko. Heddii ko waɗde eeraango feewde e leñol ngol. Haa hannde ko eeraango ngo mbaɗno-ɗen e maayde Tijjaani Aan, ko ngoon woni ngo ɓamtaten ɗo, sabu ko payɗi mettondirta; deftere janngirtee ko deftere banndum: “No Tijjaani Aan nii, maayde Yero Dooro Jallo ko baasal mawngal wonande leñol ngol. Nde tawnoo hono Yero en, hono Tijjaani en, mbeeɓanaani en, en ngoyii ɓe haa saɗti. Kono paamen noon, aduna o dartotaako e ɗeeɗoo maayɗeele, ko o jokkoowo. Nguurndam leñol ngol ne kay ne dartotaako, ko ko jokkata. Ɗum firti ko leñol ngol ena hatojini e sagataaɓe yarlitiiɓe. E ngol sokli ngenndiyankooɓe saasɓe, e kala sahaa, e kala nokku. Haade noon ngenndiyankaagal ko huunde tiiɗnde, nde weeɓaani, etee wonaa mo woni kala rokketee ɗum, so en ndañii ngenndiyanke, tiiɗno -ɗen e mum gila e nguurndam mum. Woto ɗalen haa maayde jola, heddoo eɗen ngoya mo, eɗen cunoo e maayde makko, eɗen kolla wonde eɗen njiɗnoo mo walla eɗen njotondirnoo e makko jotondiral tiiɗngal.
Enen hannde, foti wonde woondu men e Yero Dooro Jallo ko daranaade ko o daraninoo ko. Woondu men e makko, ko haɗde miijo makko maayde. Woondu men e makko ko salaade anniyaaji ɗi o joginoo ɗi mbaasa joofde. Wuurde e woodde ko geɗe ɗiɗi ceertuɗe. Neɗɗo ena wuura, tawa o woodaani. Neɗɗo ena wooda kadi tawa o wuuraani. Wuurde noon kadi wooda, weeɓaani.
So tawii goodal ko ñaam-golluuje tiiɗɗe ɗe leñol sokli ngam suɗirde Daartol mum, mbiyen golle Yero Dooro ɗe ko pattamlame, ko dowrowe e nder cuɗaaje ɗe leñol foti suɗirde Taariik mum. Yo Geno waɗ toon fooftorde makko, kanko e denndaangal maayɓe juulɓe.
Njaay Saydu Aamadu e Ifraa Al Hajji Boli


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Home -- Fulfulde -- Perform a PLAY -- 108 (Bela‘s Bible)
108. Fii Kitaabul Muggadasi Bela on
Otowal gitanjo on no dimboo ka hoore laawol ka dowri. Fayåe åen no townana åe juuɗe ɗen.
Bela : "Baaba, miɗo faalaa gollande remoowo."
Baaba : "A seedataa e kala."
Neene : "Bela e golle ɗen? No ŋirɗi!"
Ɗun monini Bela fii ko tawi kon mawåe makko åen hoolaaki mo sabu golle waɗaaɗe ɗen. Ka saare kawtal maååe, o suuɗii ka ley otowal.
Hari himo yiɗi dingiraa on wondude e piindi ndin ka fineeter.
(hito ko hoɗɗotoo kon ka baafal)
Remoowo : "A jaaraama. Ko a hombo?"
Bela : "Ko Bela mi innetee, miɗo faalaa gollangol maI."
Remoowo : "A hewtii ka haani ɗon fii wallitagol men ka golle fii soñugol pompiteeri on. Kono hiɗa haani tawo ñaamude. Naatu."
Ko uurata kon ka kuri annditini Bela wondema himo weeliraa wa bonooru.
Remoowo : "Meɗen toraade adalde yo men fuɗɗo ñaamude : Kala dokkal moýýal e kala maruɗen ko ka Alla iwrani en, yaa an Alla, men jarnii ma fii huunde kala. Aamiina!"
Toragol e janngugol Kitaabul Muggadasi on no wonami mo kanko Bela kesun.
Kono hari himo yiɗi wondugol e remoowo moýýuɗo on. Hay golle ɗen no wela mo, ɗun e tawde åaawo makko ngon no muusaynoo mo ka lannoode ñallal ngal. Yontere feýýi (Hito bareeji ɗin ko wottata kon).
Bela : "Nero, ko honɗun faalaɗaa? Hara hiɗa faalaa yo en fijude balon?"
Ka Yaasi, Nero no fonta noppi makko ɗin. Bela heɗitii fota (Hito keeroonaaru ndun ko fijata kon).
Bela : "Nero, goɗɗo no fijirde keeroonaaru ndun. No waawa wonde ko mawåe makko åen. Hiåe jooɗii yeeso yiite ngen, hiåe juɗa njoldu ndun, hiåe beyta beyti. Tun nde wootere, mi wulɗaa fota. Hara hiɗa faami ɗun?"
Bela no ndaarude kuri on, kono hari gooto alaa ton. O ýetti Kitaabul Muggadasi waaliiɗo on ka hoore taabal, o suuɗii e nder jemma on.
Baaba : "Bela, hiɗaa ɗoo. Hara a addori goɗɗun fii maaɗa?"
Bela : "Mi anndorii ndee deftere ɗoo."
Neene : "Gawusu no waawi janngude."
Gawusu : "Hé, ndaaree, ko deftere kitaabul Muggadasi on. Hino winndii : Ahadi Heyri ndi Iisaa-Almasiihu Joomi men on."
Neene : "Ko deftere moýýere. Janngan en."
Gawusu : "Neɗɗo ari ka annabi Iisaa, o torii mo ɗun ɗoo : Ko honɗun mi haani waɗude fii no mi dandiree? Annabi Iisaa jaabii mo : Ɗofto yamirooje Alla ɗen. Wota a wujju."
Baaba : "Wota a wujju?"
Åay o tawii o bonnii, gitanåe åen woni e ndaaridirgol, sabu mo kala e maååe wujji goɗɗun ado nden ñannde. Hari Bela wujjii Kitaabul Muggadasi on. Kono nden kiikiiɗeere, o jonniti nde.
Remoowo : "Bela, ɗun no ŋalɗini. A ýettii Kitaabul Muggadasi amen on? Eyyo, miɗo jonnitude ma nde."
Bela : "Ko goonga, miɗo maride?"
Hari Bela no weltii. Ko sabu Kitaabul Muggadasi on, waɗi si gitanåe åen anndi e si åe hoolii annabi Iisaa.
Yewtooåe : Fillitotooɗo, Bela, baaba, neene, Gawusu, remoowo
© Copyright : CEF Allemagne


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Daartiyankooɓe limtilimtinɓe mballifiima defte jowitiiɗe e daartol Muritani, kono ina saɗi heen (maa woodaani heen) huɓtodinɓe leñƴi ɗii fof. Ɓe keewi tan ko jaŋtaade daartol heen leñol gootol. Won heen nii millataa daartol ɓaleeɓe Muritani jeyaa ko e daartol Muritani. Muritani ina jogii kadi ko heerorii ko ina ɓeyda saɗtinde daartol mum : leydi ndi waɗi ko Ɓaleeɓe e Woɗeeɓe. Ndeke Muritani woni Muritani ko e naatnaattondiral leñƴi mum, luure e dente hakkunde majji, tafngo e pirtagol e mahtagol ngenndiiji majji.
Kala gannduɗo daartol Muritani maa yenane alaa leñol ɓuri hannde goɗngol ngol e Muritani. Maa o yenane kadi ɓamtaare Muritani gasataa so wonaa e ngootaagu leñƴi ɗii kala. Nde wonnoo kadi Muritani woni ñootol hakkunde Afirik Aarabeeɓe e Afirik Ɓaleeɓe, alaa e sago daartol mum nawora daarti leyɗe catiiɗe ɗum ɗee kala. Wonande yonta mo njogor-ɗen jaŋtaade o, maa en njubbu e laamaaɗi Mali e Gaawo e lefol Saad’en to Maruk e laamaaɗi Berbara’en. Ngam pinal koloñaal huurde haa jooni pinal men, yoga e men ina njaɓi ko ɓe mbiyata «Muritani ko leydi kesiri» koo. Kono ko waasde anndude daartol leydi men addanta neɗɗo jaɓde ɗuum. Eɗen mbaawi wiyde ko hebori wonoyde Muritani e teem 20siire (noogasiire) fuɗɗii tafaade ko gila e teem 8ɓiire (jeetaɓiire). Ndenndaandi[6] Lislameeri Muritani jeyaa ko e leyɗe keedɗe banngal ceeɓtam Afirik Hirnannge. Heedi ndi fuɗnaange e fuɗnaange-worgo ko ndenndaandi Mali; heedi ndi worgo ko ndenndaandi Senegaal; woni hirnaange-rewo e rewo ko ndenndaandi Sahara, fuɗnaange-rewo ko ndenndaandi Alaseri heedi toon; heedi ndi hirnaange beƴ ko Fiiltiingo Atalantik[7] .
Helmere «muritani» ndee seekaa ko e «muuri» , innde Roomnaaɓe noddirtunoo safalɓe berbara’en hoɗnooɓe rewo Afirik saanga nde Room laamii oo bannge e duunde men hedde teeminannde arwaniire ko adii jibinagol Iisaa (HI)(A). Woɗɓe njahdaama haa mbiyi wonde helmere «muuri» nde e hoore mum seekaa ko e ɗemɓngal Fenisnaaɓe «mahrun» firoore «yimɓe hirnaange». Ciftinen tan Roomnaaɓe naati rewo Afirik ko e hitaande 146CI(A). Ɓe inniri diiwaan hirnaange o «Moretani», mo fuɗnaange o ɓe mbiyi ɗum «Ifiriŋiya». Alaa noon ko nawdi oo «Moretani» e Muritani men oo. Roomnaaɓe tawi e diiwaan rewo Afirik o ko leñƴi Berbara’en. Helmere «berbeer» nde ittaa ko e ɗemngal Gerek «barbara»; firata ko laddiyanke mo waawaa haalde ɗemngal Gerek; wayi ko no Haalpulaar’en mbiyrata «lohotooɗo» kala mo haalataa ɗemngal pulaar. Nde diine katolikyaagal sarii e yonta Iisaa, berbeer’en heewɓe naatii heen, njillondirii e roomnaaɓe. Won nii lefol berbeer’en biyeteengol Seweer[8] en laamii Room hakkunde hitaande 193 e hitaande 235 CI. Ko e teeminannde 7ɓiire nde, taƴere Afirik fuɗɗii yiyde cete-cete aarabeeɓe ummiiɓe fuɗnaange. Ɓe ngari ɓe ngaddori diine keso, lislaam. Ender teeminannde 7ɓiire fayi nde 8ɓiire, lislaam naati Magereb, woni rewo Afirik. Ko ndeen Sanhajja’en, gootol e leñƴi berbeer’en puɗɗii naatde e saraade nder diiwaan keborɗo wontoyde Muritani; ɓe ngaddori diine lislaam mo aarabeeɓe totti ɓe; haa yettii nde aarabeeɓe Banu Maŋiil’en (leñol Hasan’en) cosoyta emiraaji goodɗi haa hannde ɗii. Sanhajja’en e Banu Maŋiil’en ngoni ko mbiyaten Safalɓe. Ɓe tawaani leydi ndi meeri . . . Ɓe tawi ko andi hoɗaa. Leñƴi keewɗi koɗii e mayri nder yontaaji jappondirɗi. Won e ɗiin leñƴi majjii menndeŋ, mutii e leñƴi goɗɗi. Ko wayi no Baafuur’en adiiɓe hoɗde e diiwaan Adaraar (Attaar) o, adiiɓe ɗoon remde tamorooje[9] . Leñƴi goɗɗi nattii jogaade faayiida e lolleende njoginoo oon yonta; ko wayi no Seereraaɓe hoɗnooɓe haa nder Sahara hannde piltataa toon nii.
Won laamaandi (D) ɓaleeɓe tiiɗndi doolnundi ndi Sanhajja’en tawi ɗoon : laamaandi Wagadu ngoodndi ko famɗi fof gila e teeminannde 3ɓiire CI. Kareeli e diisnondire e maalɗe njolii hakkunde maɓɓe e Wagadu e leppi laamaandi Tekuruur haa yumti e dillereMaraabat’en nder teeminannde 9ɓiire CI. Batte laamuuji catiiɗi ko wayi no laamaandi Mali e ndi Sonngoy haa yettii ndi Jolof e ndi Waalo Barak mbaylii sanne mbaydi koɗki leydi Muritani. Dillere Fulɓe Termes haa cosi satigaagal tawi hassan’en puɗɗiima doolnude, jibinii wolde Shor Babba nder teeminannde 17ɓiire jogornde addude ko hesɗi e koɗki Muritani; dille ngenndiije lislameeje jerɓinooje diiwaan oo kala gila teeminannde 17ɓiire haa teeminannde 18ɓiire nde Sileymaani Baal sompata almamaagal nder Fuuta Tooro. Ko adii ɗee dille, Sanhajja’en tawii e diiwaan hee leñol Baafuur’en. Wiɗto e njiylaw daartiyankooɓe kollirii ko nokku koɗanooɗo gila e ujunannde[10] arwaniire HI (duuɓi ujunere ko adii Iisaa), gila e Dumunna Nayaɓo Toowɗo(B). Ndeen e jooni ko hedde duuɓi 3000.
Ina sarii e hakkillaaji wiɗtooɓe daartol hoɗnoo e nehaande diiwaan Adaraar o ko yimɓe wuurnooɓe e waaño e awo nder maayo welngo woodnoongo ɗiin duuɓi e diiwaan Inshiri (saraaji Agjuuj). Ɓeen ngoni Baafuur’en. Yoga e fanniyankooɓe kawrii ko Baafuur’en cosi wuro Attaar, ngadii remde ɗoon tamarooje. Soninkooɓe e Fulɓe e Seereraaɓe koɗnoo Taganit (Tagant) haa yettii fuɗnaange Jaara (nder Mali hannde) fayi Afoole (Hod) e Ngalam. Wolofaaɓe e Tekuruurnaaɓe e Seereraaɓe koɗnoo daande maayo welngo (maayo Senegaal) ngo rewo e worgo, fuɗnaange haa hirnaange. Hoɗnoo rewo leydi ndi ko leñƴi safalɓe Berbeer’en ɓe firiŋaaaji Sanhajja’en e Senet’en. Aarabeeɓe ngari ko hedde teeminannde 17ɓiire CI. Haa hannde ko ɗii leñƴi koɗi e Muritani haa heddii Seereraaɓe feranɓe Saalum e Siin e Kajoor hedde teeminannde 18ɓiire. Ko daartol koɗki ɗii leñƴi e Muritani etoto-ɗen hollirde e ndee deftere. Ko ɗum gollal caɗtungal ngati duttorɗe ina ŋakki. Tuugnorɗe binndaaɗe ndañ-ɗen yuurnaade ɗee ko bannginteeje. Joom mum en ko ɓuri heen heewde njahri ko daartude leñol gootol e tee pawii tan ko e sikkeeji e miijooji mum en, no paamiri. Won heen kadi ina kedditorii miijooji koloñaal (njiymaandi) jiɗooji semmbinde «en ngalaa daartol ko adii garal oroponaaɓe» ko wayi no wiyde ko «Purtugaalnaaɓe ngadii yiytude leyɗe Afirik»; ellee leyɗe Afirik ko majjunooɗe ko adii nde ɓe ngarata. En tuugniima e ɗee defte kono ƴoog-ɗen heen tan ko ko nafata, ko foti wonde goonga. Ɓur-ɗen ƴoogde tigi-rigi ko e defte ɗe afirikinaaɓe mbinndi, yiyliiɓe mbiɗti duuɓi keewɗi; hono Sekene Moodi Siisoko (Mali) e Sakari Daramaani Isufu (Beneŋ) e Soosef ki Serbo (Burkina Faso) e Sheeƴ Anta Joob (Senegaal). . . ekn. (ndutto-ɗee e doggol defte tuugnorɗ e hello wattan). En kuutoriima kadi tuugnorɗe jaŋtaaɗe teeŋti e daawal gadingal naatgol lislaam nder leyɗe men, ɗum addani dañde kabaruuji maantinɗi pennooji ko won ɓeen mbinndi e defte mum en ko.
Aamadu Malal Gey


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Ñalnde 25 sulyee 2022, Suudu sarɗi ngenndi jaɓii eɓɓaande sariya kuccam jaŋde, wontii hankadi sariya kuccam jaŋde. Hol ko ɗemɗe ngenndiije pulaar, sooninke e wolof ndañi heen ?
Ko adii fof, ciftinen tan golle Duɗal ɗemɗe ngenndiije ndartinaa ko e hitaande 1999. Gila ndeen, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude, jaŋde leydi ndii waɗetee tan ko he ɗemngal arab, walla e Farayse wonande fannuuji siyaas, kono hay ɗuum ine heewi ɗo ɗooftaaka : yoga e jannginooɓe kuutortoo ko sapatoore so ine njanngina hiisiwal walla ɓalliwal maa guurɗiwal.
Ko e hitaande 2008 pelle pinal, hono FƁPM e AMPLCS e APROLAWO, pelliti ummanaade ɗaɓɓude laawɗingol ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee, e tuugnaade e humpito dañanoongo he Duɗal Ɗemɗe ngenndiije (1979-1999), kam e naattingol mum en nder Tippudi nehdi e jaŋde leydi ndii, ɗe puɗɗii winndude dallinannde. Kala nde kewu maantinɗo waɗi he leydi hee, pelle ɗee njettinii ɗoon ɗii hujjaaji, kadi woni fartaŋŋe ñaastaade dallinannde ndee. Haa teeŋti noon e ñalɗi diisnondiral juɓɓinanooɗi e lewru oktoobar e noowammbar 2021, ɗe mbismaa heen, ɗe ndarii heen haa ko ɓuri teeŋtude e miijooji majje njaɓaa.
Nde sariya kuccam ummanaa, ɗe cakkitii heen, he cili ɗiɗi, miijooji majje heen, ɗe mbaɗi jokkondire keewɗe mbele winndannde addannde ndee ine waylee haa yahda e ciimtol kuuɓtodinngol ñalɗi diisnondiral ɗii. Woodii ɗo cakkitooje majje teskaa e winndannde jaɓaande ndee, kono won ko teskaaka heen, haa teeŋti noon wonande daawal cabborgal ngal, kam e jannginirgol suka muritanaajo kala denndaangal fannuuji jaŋde ɗii he nder ɗemngal mum neeniwal, kam e baggingol laawɗingol ɗemɗe ngenndiije keddiiɗe ɗee… Winndannde ndee ine waɗi haa hannde jiiɓooje potnooɗe laɓɓitineede, baawɗe addoyde jiiɓru walla faamreede no moƴƴaani.
Ɗuum fof e waade noon, eɗen teskoo won ɓure ngoni he winndannde ndee :
- ɗemɗe pulaar e sooninke wolof ine ngartiree e tippudi nehdi e jaŋde hee ;
- Njuɓɓudi toppittoondi keblugol e ƴellitgol ɗemɗe ngenndiije (ko wayi no duɗal ɗemɗe ngenndiije goodnongal ngal) he nder jaŋde leydi ndii ;
- Jaŋde mawɓe ine waɗta waɗeede he nder ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee ;
- Cukalel muritaninaawel kala maa janngoy ɗemngal goɗɗo oo.
Gartirgol ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee he nder jaŋde leydi ndii ko darnde addi ɗum, ko huunde fotnde toppiteede, daranee mbele ine siyniree no ɓuri feewirde, haa waawa naftude sukaaɓe men he nder jaŋde mum en. Humpito Duɗal Ɗemɗe Ngenndiije hollitii wonde hay sinno ko duuɓi jeegom sukaaɓe ɓee njanngiri ɗemɗe mum en neeniije, hankadi ɓe ndaɗii, tee jaŋde maɓɓe moƴƴat tan, maa ɓe ɓur feɗɗitanaade gannde kala, ɓe ɓura waawde ɗemɗe goɗɗe. Ngoon humpito hollitii wonde rogere adannde duɗe jarriborɗe, kam fof e janngineede duuɓi ɗiɗi fat ɗemngal farayse, ɓe mbaawii jokkude heen jaŋde maɓɓe no ɓuri moƴƴirde, kamɓe ɓurnoo wonnooɓe e duɗe gaadoraade ɗee waawde ɗemɗe ɗee (Farayse e Arab), kamɓe ɓurnoo feɗɗitaade he ganndal (ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe njahri ko hiisiwal).
Gartirgol njuɓɓudi mbaandi no Duɗal ɗemɗe ngenndiije ndeen ko huunde wallitoore ɗemɗe ɗee ƴellitaade, sibu wiɗtooji he ɗemɗe ɗee, defte, heblooji… maa mbaɗe heen, toŋta ɗemɗe ɗee.
Eɗen nganndi, he tolno laamu nguu, jaŋde mawɓe waɗetenoo tan ko he nder arab, ko fayi arde ko he nder ɗemɗe ɗee fof nde waɗoytee. Sibu ine winndaa he sariya hee, wonde jaŋde mawɓe waɗirtee ko ngam « seerndude mawɓe ɓee e humambinnaagal e ɓeydude tolno jaŋde e pinal kuuɓtodinngal ɓiɓɓe leydi ndii, nde waɗetee ko he ɗii nokkuuji : juɓɓule karalleeje cosraaɗe ɗuum ; duɗe jaŋde e heblo ; Juɓɓule faggudu kam e nokkuuji golle ; Janngingol hoore mum walla ko aldaa e ballal heblo deestiingo ; nder nokkuuji pelle daraniiɗe ɗuum ». Eɗen njogii fartaŋŋe hay heblude sukaaɓe (hay yaltunooɓe jaŋde) he nder duɗe ƴaaɓorɗe (ɗe mbaaw-ɗen udditde enen e koye men) e naattinde ɗum en he nder duɗe laamu caggal nde ɓenni e kawgel.
Eɗen mbaawi udditde duɗe keeriiɗe (écoles privées) e jannginirde heen sukaaɓe men ɗemɗe mum en neeniije…
He nder ngaal daawal maa en mbaaw (eɗen poti) ɓeydude hirjino mbele ɓesnguuji ɗii ndaranoo :
– laawɗingol ɗemɗe men fof ;
– heblude ɗemɗe men e ƴellitde ɗum en haa mbaawa janngireede/janngeede he tolno duɗe hakkundeeje, e duɗe toowɗe.
Eɗen njenanaa heɓdude fof laawol gootol wonaa huunde weeɓnde, kono, so ɓesgu nguu fof dariima he nder dillere ɓiyleydiire he tolno gure ɗee, leydi ndii, diiwaan oo, eɗen mbaawi heɓde fof. Ɗum noon, teeŋtinen hirjinooji, udditen duɗe haa heewa, haa teeŋti e duɗe gaggaaji, nguurtinen pine men.
Bookara Aamadu Bah