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Ko ina tolnoo e yimɓe ujunere e teemedde jeenay e capanɗe joy e tati (1.953) mboomiima oo jamma 26 Settaamburu 2002. Hay ɗum ne ko ko sikkaa tan, won wiyooɓe ɓurii ɗoon. Wonii heen haa jooni njiytaaka. Laana « Le Joolaa » inan feŋŋinii e ɓakkere geec, reedu mum ina suuri haa hannde yimɓe roŋkunooɓe yaltude. Hikka waɗata duuɓi jeegom haa hiɓɓi.
Ko ina tolnoo e yimɓe ujunere e teemedde jeenay e capanɗe joy e tati (1.953) mboomiima oo jamma 26 Settaamburu 2002. Hay ɗum ne ko ko sikkaa tan, won wiyooɓe ɓurii ɗoon. Wonii heen haa jooni njiytaaka. Laana « Le Joolaa » inan feŋŋinii e ɓakkere geec, reedu mum ina suuri haa hannde yimɓe roŋkunooɓe yaltude. Hikka waɗata duuɓi jeegom haa hiɓɓi.
Ɗee heen ubbaa ko wuro Kanteen e wuro Kuŋtiin, ɓeya ngartiraa Karabaan e Cikicoor ubaa ɗoon, heddiiɓe ɓee mbirnaa ko Ndakaaru nder leegal Mbaaw.
KUUGE ƳEFTAAƊE
Jaaltaaɓe laana ka yiytaaka haa jooni. Ina sikkaa o yahdii e laana makko. « Seneral » Baabakar Gay ittaa wonde gardiiɗo denndaangal soofaaji Ndenndaandi Senegaal. Kono o neldaa dowla Autirish, o jooɗanii dowla Senegaal. Caggal ɗuum o waɗtaa e hattan Fedde Ngenndiiji Dentuɗi (UNO). Hannde oo omon jooɗanii UNO to Kongo mo Kinshasa gila e lewru Abiriil 2005.
Gardiiɗo soofaaji diƴƴe (Capitaine de Vaisseau) biyeteeɗo Useynu Kommboo kam e Gardiiɗo soofaaji weeyo Kolonel Meysa Tambaa, kam en fof ittaa ɗo ngonnoo, kadi cokaa balɗe capanɗe jeegom (60). Hannde oo, Useynu Kommboo, ko kam woni Cirridiiɗo Jaggal laamu kalfinaangal Doole soofaaji. Ɗowoowo (Directeur) befal laaɗe geec. O ñaawaa o waɗaani liggey makko no fotirnoo. Ko kaŋko fotnoo sunnaade so tawii laana ka ina wondi e hattan wefde, so tawii ngonka makka ina yahdi e kuule befal geec.
Soofaaji jeegom goɗɗi kam enne ittaa ɗo ngonnoo. Jamma laana « Le Joolaa » majjata, liggotonooɓe oon jamma fof ittaa ɗo ngonnoo, ɓee heen cokaa balɗe 45, ɓeya heen ndiwaa e golle mum en. Ina heen Sheek Umar Saañaa, e François Mbay, e Mbañik Njaay, e Aamadu Njaay.
Jaggal laamu kalfinanoongal Befal Geec, biyeteeɗo Yusuf Saako ɗekkinaa laamu, yalti ɗo wonnoo.
JAGGE LAAMU E HOOHOOƁE SOOFAAJI TOƊƊAAMA
Duuɓi jeegom hikka rewam njoolgu laana « Le Joola » ina laya. E nder lewru Ut maayndu ndu, Fraysenaaɓe ɓe ɓiɓɓe mum en maa ɓadtiiɓe mum en njoolii e laana, ummaninooma yo laatiiɓe wonde sabaabu oo musiba ñaawe.
Nii woni noon, ñaawoowo gooto Faraysenaajo biyeteeɗo Jean-Wilfried Noël, to Ñaawirde wuro Evry werlii “Yamiroore Jaggere hakkunde-leyɗeele” (mandate d’arrêt international) feewde e hoohooɓe laamu e soofaaji. Ɗum woni kala ɗo toɗɗaaɗo e ndee yamiroore hawraa, foti ko jaggeede, tottitee ñaawirɗe Dowla Farayse to yamiroore nde ummii.
Aɓe tuumaa « warngo e barmeeɗe ko aldaa e beleeɗe, waasde rewde laabi reenaare kam e waasde faabaade neɗɗo gonɗo e halkaare”. Ndee “Yamiroore Jaggere hakkunde-leyɗeele” toɗɗii ko ɓeeɗo hoohooɓe arooɓe :
– Soxna Maam Majoor Booy, ko kam wonnoo hooreejo jagge laamu
– Ceerno Yubba Sammbu, ko kam wonnoo Jaggal laamu kalfinanooangal Doole Soofaaji
– Ceerno Ysuf Saako, ko kam wonnoo Jaggal laamu kalfinanooangal ɗanle e Befal
– Seneraal Babakar Gay, Gardiiɗo Soofaaji Dowla
– Kapiteen Laaɗe ndiyam Useynu Kommboo, Gardiiɗo Soofaaji Diƴƴe
– Kolonel Meysa Tambaa, Gardiiɗo Soofaaji Weeyo
– Ceerno Moodi Sigiin, Kalfinanooɗo Yuɓɓo Laana “Le Joola”
– Ceerno Abdul Hamiid Joob, Kalfinanooɗo Befal Geec
Nde ndee “Yamiroore Jaggere hakkunde-leyɗeele” yalti, Dowla Senegaal ne ummanii haɓtaade. Nii woni kamɓe ne ɓe njaltini “Yamiroore Jaggere hakkunde-leyɗeele” feewde e Ñaawoowo Jean-Wilfried Noël kam e hoohooɓe woɗɓe. Siftoraama wonde ɓiɓɓe Senegaalnaaɓe caŋkinooma Farayse e hitaande 2003.
Jaggal laamu kalfinaangal Ñaawooje, biyeteeɗo Maadikkee Ñaŋ, hollitii wonde “alaa fof ɗo ñaawooɓe Faraysenaaɓe tuugii haa ko ina mbiya ina ñaawaa Maam Majoor Booy e wondiiɓe mum”. O waɗti heen o wiyi Dowla Senegaal “ina jogii hattan waɗde hono ko Farayse waɗi ko ngati Senegaalnaaɓe e Afirikinaaɓe mbaraama nder leydi Farayse”.
E KO FAYI ARDE MAA DILLE MAWƊE NANE E YOOLAYRU JOOLAA
Kuɗol : Aamadu Malal Gey
amagueye@gmail.com


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E gooto e tonngooɗe men ɓennuɗe en mbiyii no maa en njokkondire e Aamadu Bah ngam waɗde winndannde faytunde e makko:
F.Ɓ: Aamadu Bah,holi wuro ngo njeya-ɗaa?
A.B: Feeralla
F.Ɓ: Holi hitaande pellit-ɗaa wonde naalanke?
A.B: Hitaande 1998.
F.Ɓ: Holi yiɗde maa e naalankaagal?
A.B: Ko idii fof wallitde lenyol ngol no ɓamtorii caggal ɗum ko ƴeewde no ƴellitorii-mi banngeeji ɗi kala.
E gooto e tonngooɗe men ɓennuɗe en mbiyii no maa en njokkondire e Aamadu Bah ngam waɗde winndannde faytunde e makko:
F.Ɓ: Aamadu Bah,holi wuro ngo njeya-ɗaa?
A.B: Feeralla
F.Ɓ: Holi hitaande pellit-ɗaa wonde naalanke?
A.B: Hitaande 1998.
F.Ɓ: Holi yiɗde maa e naalankaagal?
A.B: Ko idii fof wallitde lenyol ngol no ɓamtorii caggal ɗum ko ƴeewde no ƴellitorii-mi banngeeji ɗi kala.
F.Ɓ: Holi no foti lefi ɗi njaltin-ɗaa tawi ko lolluɗi?
A.B: E oo sahaa hay lefol gootol mi yaltinaani sibu woni yaltinde lefol ko jaltinaangol e istijo(studio).Tawii noon ko lefi gaay-gaay mi seeraani e waɗde.
F.Ɓ: Mbele won humpito njogi-ɗaa e naalankaagal?
A.B: Mi janngaani ɗum kono tan mboɗo finani ɗum.
F.Ɓ: Mbele aɗa jogii ɗoftooɓe (wallitooɓe)?
A.B: Maasa-Allah,ene jogaa haa teeŋti noon ɗo e Nuwaadibu pelle pine e pelle gure ɗee fof ene ndarii wallitde mi.
F.Ɓ: Nde pellit-ɗaa wonde naalanke a sos goomu walla won ɗo ndew-ɗaa?
A.B: Ngadii-mi wonde ko e goomu naage pinal rewi heen ko faar mo Nuwaadibu refti heen ko yaakaare lenyol caggal ɗum cos-mi goomu yarlitaare lenyol.
F.Ɓ: Holi njilluuji ɗi mbaɗ-ɗaa e nder diiwanuuji men?
A.B: Ngadii-mi yillaade fof ko Baabaaɓe e hitaande 2003 rewi heen to galle sukaaɓe Nuwaasot e leegal Elmina e hitaande 2005 refiti heen ko suweyraat e hitaande 2006 caggal ɗum e hitaande 2008 mi yilliima Aramsaare e Madiina njaayɓe e Ndakaaru to galle nanondiral kermesaar e gudduɗe Joopɓe.
F.Ɓ: Mbele won ko naalankaagal ngal fuɗɗii jibinande ma?
A.B: So tawii ko to Faggudu suwaatawo to bannge yimɓe ko mawɗum no feewi sanne.
F.Ɓ: Holi caɗeele ɗe njiy-ɗaa e naalankaagal?
A.B: So wonaa to jinnaaɓe sibu ɓe paamaano fayndaare am.Ɗum tagi mi woppii ko ena tolnoo e duuɓi tati ngam anyde luurdude e maɓɓe Caggal nde ɓe paami wonde naalankaagal ngal alaa ko boni heen ɓe mbatti-ndii ko jaɓde e duwaade.
FƁ: So tawi won yiɗɓe jokkondire de e maa holi laabi ɗi ɓe poti rewde?
A.B:To jokkondiral ko Abuu Jallo woni gardiiɗo goomu o(manager)ko kanko toppitii ɗeen geɗe noddirgel makko 643 94 07 tongoonde am ko 696 98 40.
F.Ɓ: Abuu jallo Allah waɗii aɗa tawtoraa yeewtere nde ko aan kadi woni gardiiɗo goomu o hoi ko ngandu-ɗaa e Aamadu Bah ?
Abuu.j: Ko neɗɗo newiiɗo dimo jom gacce keewɗo nehdi e yarlitaare;darniiɗo ɓamtaare lenyol ngol no feewi sanne .
F.Ɓ: Aamadu Bah,Abuu Jallo on njaaraama.
Abuu Kan Nuwaadibu

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Kaalen haala “Smarttrash” siwo (siwooru) ɓamoowo tuundi ƴoƴuɗo
Saakitaama ñannde : Hesɗintinaama ñannde :
Hannde en kaalatt haala laaɓal. honno mbatten haa gitten kurjurr (tuundi), taweteeɗi e galleji (cuuɗi) men ? Ngam anndude en njaɓɓoto sukaaɓe iwɓe Moritani. Eɓe njogii miijo waɗngo fayida ene wi’e “Smarttrash”. Holko fiirti ? holko nafata ? Honno huutortee ?
Honno joomum waɗata a heɓa ɗum ? Men anndu sen keɗiima Muhamed Jagana, Umar Jagana e Almami Jagana ɓee sukaaɓe tato sosɓe ko wi’ete Smartrash. Nangen kam ngal siwo (siwooru) ɓamoowo tuundi ko ƴoƴuɗo ( peeruɗo, marɗo hakkile)
Fulfulde faaminiinde
Hannde ko alkaali “ndoondi” ceerno Jallo addi e damal fulfulde faaminiinde. E ɗii kelme : saabunnde, kaataare.


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Kalifu geɗe Nderndere Senegaal uddii jooɗorde AJ/PADS… Landing Sawaane e yimɓe mum mbaawaa heen naatde. Decroix joɗɗinii kawtal senngo mum e darorɗe lewru Suwee ɓennundu ndu. Landing Sawaane maa joɗɗin kawtal mum e lewru Deesambur fayndu. Terɗe kowhowe njaltii AJ/PADS, cosii Yoonu Askan Wi e gardagol Majeey Mbooc, heɗdiiɓe njantoyii e APR, heerto Makki Sal. Ɗee dille fof ko firtaare AJ/PADS tan. Senngo Decroix suɓiima Decroix Koolaaɗo Kuuɓal e kawtal maɓɓe jooɗingal ñalɗi 12 e 13 e 14 Suwee 2009.
Ɓe ƴeftii kuule nay guurtinooje heerto maɓɓe. Gadanal ngal yowitii ko e edda Koolaaɗo Kuuɓal dottantee, ko laabi ɗiɗi tan diwataa ɗoon. Kuulal ɗiɗmal ngal ko edda fof diwataa duuɓi joy so heewi. Yanti heen ko kala tergal heerto ngo ina waawi dikkaade fiilngo Hooreejo Leydi hay so o wonaa gardiiɗo heerto ngo. E wattan, so terɗe keewɗe njiɗii dikkaade fiilngo Hooreejo Leydi, ko fiilngo adanngo waɗetee nder heerto ngo, ngam suɓaade heen gonoowo.
Kawtal taƴondiral. E wiyde maɓɓe, ngoo waylo ko salaade neɗɗo gooto tan jogoo dental maɓɓe. Maa ɗum falo kadi caɗeele jolooje hakkunde terɗe, hono ko kewi hakkunde Decroix e Landing ko.
Kawtal laaɓtere. Muhammadu Daf, gooto e wonanɓe Decroix hollirii kawtal ngal ko ngal terɗe timmuɗe nder AJ/PADS, wonaa yimɓon ɓiɓɓe-naange. E wiyde makko, ko ɓuri heewde e cate nder leydi heerto ngo, tawtoraama kawtal ngal. Mbele ɗum ko goonga ? Eɗen mbaawi sikkitaade ngati sikke alaa ko ɓe feƴtiiɓe.
Ɗum fof dey holliraani ko woni tigi rigi caru njolngu nder fedde AJ/PADS, fedde hormanoonde nder Senegaal e ko yalti ɗum. Ɗee caɗeele ina njiytoo e seengooji tati : koolondiral nattii, fooɗanaade gardagol, waasde jogaade laawol laaɓtungol.
Nde sabu njelaari ndi Abdullaay Wad gonduɗi e mum, mo woni e maɓɓe yiɗi ko ɗum rewra e juuɗe mum. To AJ/PADS, Wad suɓii Decroix, Landing tikki. Ndeke ngoroondi koolondiral ngal ummii ko e ceede e dañal. Hannde nder Senegal e Afirik, sosde heerto dawrugol wayi ko no sosde goomu faggudu nii. Heerto fof holla doole mum mbele ina waawa ɗum yeewde njaru naftoowu jiifa mum. So heerto wakilitere alaa kadi laawol laaɓtungol, reftata heen ko sordinde. Decroix takkii Landing wonde kulɗo fiilngo demokaraasi. O wiyi haa jooni o naŋtii ko e miijooji buntuɗi ɗi kitaale 80, jiɗɗi heɓrude laamu doole, nguurndam suuɗaare haa jooni ko ko rewaa. E nder kawtal he, alaa fof ko Decroix takkaani Landing, o wiyi ko o kulɗo reedu, o alaa yaakaare, ekn. O wiyi “saanga fiilngo 2007, konngi [AJ/PADS] cañaaki. Ngati, holi no ɓe maaldondirata e Hooreejo Leydi duuɓi jeeɗiɗi haa njahdi e naange, ɓe ngonaa hoohooɓe Kalifu leydi, ɓe ndennda dawrugol,… ɓe ngarta ɓe caloo renndude njeñtaari ?”. Ɗum ina jeyaa e ko ina tinndina ngumndam Landing Sawaane e ko fayti e dawrugol, ɗum kadi ina jeyaa e ko addani ɓe heɓde ko nafataa e fiilngo 2007 ngo. Hoto njejjiten noon ko kaŋko Decroix wonnoo gardiiɗo jeeyngal nde Landing yiylotoo fiileede Hooreejo.
Gawlo laamu Wad
Konngi Decroix fof nder kawtal ngal njahri ko yettude Abdullaay Wad e laamu mum. O yahdaama heen ha o wiyi alaa ɓurɗo Wad anndude caɗeele gonɗe nder AJ/PADS. Holi mo haalani mo ? O etiima welditinde Landing e Decroix. Ko o laamɗo peertuɗo mo hono mum weeɓaani nder Senegaal. Decroix daranii limtude ko Wad gollii, gila e laabi haa heɓi ñamiri demokarasi e golle makko nder Afirik ko wayi no Muritani (?).Decroix wontii ɗoo gawlo Abdullaay Wad.
E nder lewru Deesambur 2009, senngo AJ/PADS ngo Landing Sawaane, maa jooɗo nder kawtal mum. Landing suɓee Koolaaɗo Kuuɓal heerto ngo. Wona AJ/PADS dañii mawɓe ɗiɗo, mo woni fof fooɗanoo jeyde innde “AJ/PADS” nde… kareeli goɗɗi ummanee.
Aamadu Malal Gey
Fooyre Ɓamtaare – Ndakaaru


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Jaangol ina uddita hakkille, ina ɓeyda ƴoƴre : ko ɗum woni tonngol wiɗto ganngal waɗaango (kadi) to Amerik, bayyinaango e jaaynde wiyeteende Psychological Reports. Wiɗto ngoo waɗaa ko e nder dowlaaji 48 jeyaaɗi e Dental leyɗe Amerik (USA). Ngo feeñninii wonde yimɓe hoɗɓe e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓuuɓde ɗii,
ɓuri hoɗɓe e nokkuuji ɓurɗi wulde ɗii feertude hakkillaaji.
Ɓeto annduɓe ɓee yowitii ko e almudɓe janngooɓe, tuggi hitaande 6ɓre jaŋde lesre, waɗooɓe hitaande 3ɓre jaŋde hakkundeere, e fotɓe waɗde bakkaa. Ɓe tawi « so nguleeki ustiima, feero hakkille (ko anndiraa QI, no paamirten, hono ɓetirgal hakkille) ina ɓeydoo.
Ko hono ɗuum, wiɗto waɗanoongo e hitaande 2006 e nder 120 leydi, hollitnoo. So tawii ɗum ina woodi, eɗen poti faayde no feewi, sibu, ɗum noon, ɓeydagol nguleeki weeyo ko ko jogori ustude hakilantaagal men.
Kono gaa gaa ɗuum, ndiiɗoo njeñtudi wiɗto ina addana en waɗde teskuyaaji garooji ɗii. So en ƴeewii no leydi men ndii « wertorii » nii, en ƴeewii, rewo, en ƴeewii worgo, ma en tesko wonde eɗum nanndi (mi wiyataa « ina ɗeɓi ») e goonga : Leyɗe ƴellitiiɗe, keewɗe doole e winndere men ndee kala, keedi ko rewo, e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi (Orop, Dental Amerik, Kanadaa, Riisi, Siin ekn) walla worgo ɓuuɓɗo (Ostaraali). Hay so a telliima ɗo ɓuri ɓallaade, e nder Afrik tan, leyɗe ɓurɗe wulde ɗee, woni leyɗe gonɗe hakkunde ŋori (Kanseer e Kapirikorn), ɓuri famɗude doole. Miɗo sikki dey eɗen kawri wonde leyɗe bayɗe no Maruk, Tuunus, Misra ekn (bannge rewo, to ɓuri ɓuuɓde too), walla Afrik worgo (to bannge worgo), ɓuri leyɗe bayɗe no Muritani, Senegaal, Ecopi, Gabon ekn, ƴellitaade. Miɗo sikki kadi, en luurdataa wonde ƴellitaare leyɗe ɗee ina jotondiri e ƴoƴre yimɓe hoɗɓe e ɗeen leyɗe.
Hay e nder haala, ngooɗoo wiɗto ina yahdi faamamuya pine leƴƴi winndere ɗii kala, sibu, miɗo naamndii on, so neɗɗo seertii e hakkille, walla waɗii ko fotaani, hol no heewi noddireede kadi. Miɗo heewi nande : « hoore makko ina wula », « raas haamii », « tête brûlée » wonande ɗemɗe ɗe paamat-mi ɗee kay !
So en ƴeewii karal winndere ngal, ma en taw ko ɗum huunde hulɓiniinde. Jooni noon, hol no mbaɗaten
Wonande ɗemngal Farayse ngal, so neɗɗo wonii teeyɗo ina heewi wiyeede ko “a la tête froide” (hoore mum ko ɓuuɓnde). Ƴoƴre ina jotondiri ɗoo e ɓuuɓol, kaaɗi e nguleeki. Mi wiɗtii kadi e internet, mi tawii heen ɗumɗoo: to Almaañ, aɓe mbiya “Hitzkopf” (hoore wulnde, wonande gorko); to Pays Bas, aɓe mbiya “Una testa calda” (hoore wulnde); to Riis aɓe mbiya “Een heethoofd” (hoore wulnde no feewi); to Serbi, aɓe mbiya “Usijana glava” (hoore wulnde), ɗii konnguɗi fof cifotoo ko “kaaɗi”.


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Dental Dowlaaji Amerik (Etaa Sunii) walla e raɓɓiɗinaade Amerik ko dental (federaasiyoŋ) capanɗe joy (50) dowla. Heen 48 takkondiri. Ndi ɓilii ko hakkunde Geec Atlantik e Geec Pasifik ; heedi ndi bannge worgo ko Meksik, bannge rewo ko Kanadaa, bannge worgo ko Meksik. Dowlaaji ɗiɗi keddiiɗi ɗi ko Alaska (bannge hirnaange Kanadaa) e Haway (hakkunde Geec Pasifik). Ko ina wona 14 duuɗe cariiɗe e nder Geec Karaybe e Pasifik. Laamorgo Dental Amerik ko Washington, nder distirik Kolommbiya, mo nganndu-ɗaa jeyaaka e dowlaaji 50 kaalaaɗi ɗi.
E hitaande 2008, ameriknaaɓe tolniima e 305 miliyoŋ aadee, woni leydi tataɓiri to bannge keewal yimɓe, caggal Siin e Inndo. Wertallo mayri ko 9 629 048 km2, woni leydi nayaɓiri to bannge njaajeendi. Ko naatata e mayri e yimɓe ina heewi no feewi ; ko ɗum addani leƴƴi aduna ɗii kala taweede e mayri.
Jeytaare Amerik bayyinaa ko ñalnde 4 sulyee 1776. E oon sahaa jayanoo e mayri ko koloniiji 13 Angalteer. Kono ndi rimɗi e njiimaandi Angalteer ko e hitaande 1783 caggal wolde ndimaagu.
E hitaande 1865 dowlaaji rewo ɗi (gonanɗi potal) pooli dowlaaji worgo ɗi (gonanɗi njiyaagu) e nder wolde anndiraande « Guerre de Sécession » (wolde taƴondiral).
Dental Dowlaaji Amerik ko tergal Njuɓɓudi piɓondiral Atlantik (OTAN), e G8 e Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe.


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Nafa e bone aande kesi
Saakitaama ñannde : Hesɗintinaama ñannde :
Ari hande e yewtere ko mbiiɗon ko toɓɓere yewtere karallaajii kesi, woɗbe mbii aande kesi, walle ɓoggi kesi. So wi’aama aande kesi noon ene heewi sifaa : ɗum woni internet, ɗum wonii facebook, whatsapp, instagram e ko waynoon et ko waynoon. ɗii ɗoo aande kesi ene mojji nafa majje ene heewi, kono kadi bonanɗe majje alaa to haaɗi. Hono mbatten haa dentoɗen, deenen ɓeyngumen ? Adama Soh jaabiima e ngal namdal. O gorko mo aandal mum yaaji e aande kesi woni jewtidiido men yontere nde e yewtere ko mbiiɗon. Men nan kadi dande Mamadiang Sow, ko janginoowo to Usuy e jayndiyanke jooɗiiɓe to Mali.


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nafakaaji ɗi sukaaɓe ɓe keɓata so ɓe tawraama kaayit jibinande?
Saakitaama ñannde : Hesɗintinaama ñannde :
Nialawma hande o min jewtata ko yowiti e ɗereeji jibinanɗe woni kaayit jibinande. Min jaɓɓoto e ko mbiiɗon Aminata Dem Dieŋ. Kanko koo gooto e ardiiɓe kawtal pelle dilloɓe e lappol kumpito e ko fayi e nafakaaji keɓgol ɗereeji jibinanande. O ari e yewtere de ngam haalande hettiiɓe ko mbiiɓon holi battane waasde jogaade dereeji jibinande? Hol nafakaaji ɗi sukaaɓe bem keɓata so ɓe tawraama ɗereeji jibinande? Ko adii ɗun en njaha haa Mali jokondiren e Abdulay Dikko joodaniiɗo Rfi fulfulde toon. Njoofniren e totude kongol naalankoo Abdel Rahim Jaañ tawaa e kissal cruw.


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Neldude ujunnaaje ujunnaje satelit hedde 36000 km dow koye men. Ɗiin satelitaaji ngona e yirlodaadi e leydi (so a ƴeewii ɗi cikkataa ko ɗi ndillataa), ɗi ngona e heɓɓaade cereeli naange, ɗi mbaɗta yiite (kuuraa). Ɗeen yiite neldee Leydi ngam hutoreede. Ɗeen yiite ɓeeɓataa nde tawnoo ɗo satelitaaji ɗii ngoni ɗoo alaa ko wirni ɗum en Naange, ɗum noon jamma jofataa toon, tee ɗi ngoni ko dow duule, toɓo kadi haljintaa gollagol majji, ɗum noon jeñtingol yiite ngol taƴondirtaa. Semmbe jeñtinteeɗo oo kadi ko semmbe laaɓɗo sibu wiimtataa cuurki walla geɗe goɗɗe paddotooɗe caafe naange. Yanti heen, so eɓɓaande ndee joofii semmbe oo maa waawoy huuɓnude soklaaji leydi maɓɓe fof, haa ɓe mbaɗta yeewde ɗum leyɗe goɗɗe…
Ina haawnii noon, ɗii duuɓi fof, leyɗe mawɗe ina cukka yimɓe noppi e « ɓeydagol nguleeki weeyo ». Ɓeydagol nguleeki weeyo ngol cereeli Naange caabii. Ndaa ɗiin cereeli ina mbaawi huutoreede kadi ngam yeñtinde yiite (kuuraa) ko aldaa e biimtagol cuurki walla gaasuuji ɓeydooji seer. Tee eɗen nganndi cereeli Naange ko dokkal Alla, ngal soodetaake, ngal ɓeeɓataa. Tee, so ɗeen leyɗe mawɗe ngoongɗiniino ko wiyetee « Semmbe Naange » koo, ina gasa tawa hannde hay gooto haalataa ko faati e kawjugol ngonka weeyo (kilimaa), sibu ko semmbe « laaɓɗo » (wiimtataa cuurki), duumiiɗo, mo ɓeeɓataa, mo kuutoragol mum tiiɗaani so ƴeewdaama e semmbe ummiiɗo e kuɓɓam ɓarakke.
Ina gasa tawa ko ɗuum woni ko leydi Siin faami, sibu, e fawaade e ciimti keewɗi, ko kayri fof ɓuri yahrude yeeso e ngalɗoo karallaagal, hono peewnugol ɗalduɗe (panneaux) naange gaadoraaɗe ɗee, baawɗe heɓɓaaɗe semmbe naange ñalnde fof, jamma e ñalawma fof, woni balɗe 365 hitaande ɗee kala. Tesko ɗoo, mbiy-ɗen ko hay jamma maa ɗee ɗalduɗe keɓɓo semmbe naange. Tee ɗeen ɗalduɗe kaljintaa hay gooto, coklaani lartaneede boowe miliyoŋaaji hektaar… Ɗeen ɗalduɗe, duule mbirnataa ɗum en Naange, toɓo haljintaa golle mum en. Waɗi noon, ɗeen ɗalduɗe ko dow mbertetee, fotde 36 000 kiloomeeteer dow koye men, dow duule e toɓooli, e nokku ɗo alaa jamma alaa ñalawma (Naange mutataa toon), aɗe njirlodoo e Leydi…
Siin ina anniyii « mahde » (werlaade toon) tawtirde naangiire (centrale solaire) julorteende ɗoo e hitaande 2050. Oon sahaa Siin wonata leydi ngidiindi heɓɓaade semmbe naange ummoraade weeyo, ngam tiindtinde ɗum feewde Leydi.
Ngoo miijo ina waawi wonirde e oo sifaa :
Hol no miijo ngo siyirta ? Miijo ngoo ina waawi siyide nii : werlaade satelit haa yettoo e nokku deŋal*, woni hedde 36 000 kiloomeeteer dow koye men. Oon satelit ina nawori ɗalduɗe naangeeje potɗe waɗtude semmbe naange (cereeli naange) yiite. Oon semmbe yiite waɗtee laseer walla mikroo-onnduuji, ngam neldeede leydi men. Ɗoo noon heɓɓotoo ɗiin cereeli laseer ko antenaaji parabol moolanaaɗi to bannge mawnugol, hade mum en waɗteede kadi yiite mo mbaaweten huutoraade.
Ko ina wona jooni duuɓi sappo (e hitaande 2009), en njaltiniimo winndannde yowitiinde e eɓɓaande waande noon, kono ndeen, mbiyno-ɗen ko « Japon ina anniyii yeñtinde kuuraa ummoraade e weeyo ». Japon fotnoo werlaade satelit mum oo ko ɗoo e hitaande 2030. En mbiyii nii heen wonde isin mo Japon anniyii mahde dow oo « maa yeñtin fotde miliyaar watt (ko ina huɓɓa fotde 17 miliyoŋ ampul), tawi njaru mum ko hedde 23 UM wonande kala kiloowatt-waktu (kilowatt heure) ; coodgu kiloowatt-waktu jooni ina sowoo ɗum laabi jeegom.
E miijo Jean-Jacques Favier, karallo to Nokku Ngenndiijo ko fayti e Wiɗtooji weeyo to leydi Farayse « ɗum alaa caɗeele to bannge karallaagal, kono tan ina ɗaɓɓi ngalu keewngu sibu ko maa tonuuji keewɗi kaɓirɗe neldee nder weeyo. Yanti heen neldirgol semmbe oo cereeli laseer walla mikroo-onduuji ina waɗi geɗe ɗe kuɓindaaka tawo, yanti heen ina waɗi gagga kisal yimɓe nder sato.
Eɗen ciftina tan Siin woni leydi ngidiindi juurnude laanel wiɗto e bannge lewru birniiɗo oo. Kayri rewi e Amerik to bannge mawnugol ɓeto-kaalis (bidsee) waɗanaango tuugnorgal weeyo (miliyaaruuji 8 dolaar hitaande kala).
Siin ina darjiri kadi wonde leydi ɓurndi waawde posnude weeyo, kono hannde, ko kayri woni mbir ko faati e semmbe naange.
Ngoo miijo heɓɓaade cereeli naange gila dow weeyo ko ɓooyngo, sibu ko gila e kitaale 1970. Oon sahaa noon caɗeele karallaagal kaɗnoongo yahrude yeeso. Hannde, e fawaade e ƴellitagol ganndal saafiil kam e juumtugol ɗalduɗe naange, miijo ngoo ina waawi laataade.
Ɓeydagol yimɓe winndere ndee ina jeyaa kadi e geɗe teeŋtinooje miijo ngoo, sabu ɓeydagol soklaaji semmbe mo alaa ɗo haaɗi. Ɗoo e 2050, fotde miliyaaruuji 9 fittaandu ina ɗaminaa e Leydi men hee, leyɗeele keewɗe yimɓe, walla ɗe njiyataa naange no feewi maa katojinoy ko neeɓaani e ngalɗoo karallaagal.
Siin saaktaani tawo feere jogori huutoroyaade ngam neldude semmbe naange keɓɓaaɗo waɗtaa ɗum yiite dow leydi mbele waawa huutoreede. Kono karallo gooto to NASA won miijo rokki heen : werlaade ujunnaaje ujunaaje satelit jokkondiraaɗi, beeyooji.
Oon semmbe neldiree e mbaadi onndooji tokoñilli (micro-ondes) feewde e antenaaji keɓɓotooɗi, poŋtaaɗi e nokkuuji ɗi koɗaaka no feewi (nokkuuji ndema, beeli, moraaɗe ekn.) Mahaande siforiinde nii ina waawi yeñtinde fotde 2 000 gigaawat (2 000 miliyaar wat), ƴeewaa noon, tawtirɗe naange ɓurɗe mawnude hannde, to Inndo e to Siin, njeñtinta ko hakkunde 1,3 e 1,6 gigaawat.
Siin haalaani ko jogori feraade e ndee eɓɓaande, kono, e fawaade e won ngool millugol, eɗum ɗaɓɓi ngalu moolanaangu : fotde miliyaaruuji 10 wonande satelit fof, ndaa eɓɓaande ndee ina ɗaɓɓi ujunnaaje ujunnaaje satelit !
Bookara Aamadu Bah
Kelmeendi :
Kuɓɓam ɓarakke : Combustibles fossiles
Ɗaldugal/ɗalduɗe : panneau/panneaux
Tawtirde naangiire : Centrale solaire


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He nder Aduna Allah oo kala hannde, juulɓe ene mawnina ñalawma juulde Taaske1 walla mbiyen Juulde Layya. Juulɓe ene mawnina ñalawmaaji keewɗi, ko wayno Juulde Koorka, Haaraan, walla won he nokkuuji Mawluuda, (jamma jibineede Nelaaɗo Allah) kono ko Taaske woni juulde ɓurnde mawnude he nder juulɗeele Islaam. Juulde Taaske ene hawrita e hijjoore to Makka, wooturo he jookli Islaam.
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Firoojo deftere Allah, Al-Qur’aanaare teddunde nde, puɗɗiima heewde he ɗemngal Pulaar. Gila he kaamiilu kiɓɓuɗo o haa e taƴanɗe ko wayno taƴannde “Amma”. Ƴellitagol karallaagal kesal e mbaydiiji kesi caaktirgol kabaruuji haa ɓuri teeŋtude to bannge numérique/digital, ɓeydii ma weeɓnude Cargol ganndal. Ko ɗuum addanii suka Guinee-naajo (Gine), Alfaa Amadu Ɓuriya Jallo, suɓaade muulde firo mum Qur’aana he karallaagal numérique/digital.
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Diine ina jeyaa e pine pulaagu ɓooyɗe gila Fulɓe peeñi to dunuyaa faade hannde, ɓe meeɗaani seertude e diine. Ɓe ngadii anndireede ko rewooɓe diine naange, oon ko e diineeji ɓooyɗi jeyaa. Peeñgol makko, ina hoddiree 8000 kitaale ko adii jibineede Isaa.
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He duuɓi jawtuɗi ɗii pelle nodditortooɗe Jihaadyankeeje (Al-Qa’ida e Da’is) mbonni ko heewi e ndonateeri pinal aade to bannge Fuɗnaange-Ɓadiiɗo e Worgo Afrik. Ɓe kelii jumaaji keewɗi, ɓe pusi janaale waliyaaɓe, eglisaaji e defterɗi e jaatiiji (monuments) daartolyankeeji; ɓe nduppi defte e ballifanɗe (manuscrits) keewɗe joginooɗe faayida mawɗo he daartol pinal aade, walla ɓe ngujja ɗum en sabu maɓɓe anndude ko njaru majje en ɓuri tiiɗde hay muudo kaŋŋe.
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Ɗemngal Arab ko adii Islaam:
Ibn Khalduun, he nder deftere mum Muqaddimah, ene wiya ko Qur’aan adii won’de deftere winndaande he ɗemngal Arab, hayso tawii Ibn Ishaaq ne ene wiya, he nder deftere mum Siira (daartol nguurndal Nelaaɗo) wonnde, Warqa Ibn Nawfal ene winndatnoo defte ganndal nasraan (christianisme) he ɗemngal Arab, ɗe o firatnoo ummoraade he ɗemngal Ibraaniyya (Hebreu). Ko waawi heen won’de kala, daartol ene tabitini wonnde, haysinno binndol ene anndanoo he nder Arabeeɓe ko adii Islaam ne wonaano ko yaaji.
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Ñalnde Mawnde (Aljumaa) 27 Silto (Septembre) 2019, Jumaa Masaalikul Jinaan udditaama he leegal Bopp, wuro Ndakaaru lamorgo Senegaal. Mahi Jumaa kaa ko renndo Muriteeɓe wonndude e ballal laamu Senegaal. Wiyaama njaru Jumaa o ko 30 Miliyoŋ euro ($33 Million) te ɗuum ummii tan ko he keeceeje yimɓe yarlitiiɓe mbaɗi heen jawɗeele mum en.
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Umar BAH, Vienne, Oktoobar 2012
Kelmeendi
Kelmeendi ina jeyaa he ko ɓuri rummbude e seertude. Yeru mum tan ko yuurnitaade mbaydi lelngo kelme nder pulfule ɗee : “ Yontere feƴƴunde, yontere ƴaɓɓiinde, yontere ɓennunde, yontere faltiinde, asawere saaliinde ”.
Yeru goɗɗo oo ko : hay sinno Fuɗnaange e Hirnaange, ko noon pulfule ɗee fof mbiyata (haa heddii pulfule Burkina mbiyata « Fuɗnaange » ko « Lettugal », hirnaange ko « Gorgal » ; Rewo e Worgo noon ina keewi inɗe ceerɗe : Rewo ina wiyee “ Saahal ”, “ Soɓɓiire ”, “ Woyla ”; Worgo wiyee “ Ɓaleeri ”, “ Horɗoore ”, “ Fommbina ”.
Eɗen tesko haa e kelmeendi ndaɗɗiindi, yeru inɗe terɗe ɓanndu neɗɗeo, ceerundal ina woodi hakkunde pulfule ɗe. He dow ɗuum, “feɗeendu” wiyatee to Fuuta Jaloŋ e to Burkina ko “honndu”, to pulfule fuɗnaange ko « hoondu » (ɗum ko he ceerundal baymaanaagal). Fuuta-Tooro kam wiyata tan ko “feɗeendu”. So en njerondirii ɗum he ɗemngal Seereer, ɗemngal to Senegaal ɓadtingal pulaar, maa en taw ɗoon ɗaɗol « kol » taweteengol he keewal « honndu » woni « kolli ». Ndeke “honndu” ɓuri ɓooyde, ɗoo ko Fuuta-Tooro jolni goɗɗum.
Tesko-ɗen to Fuuta-Jaloŋ ina woodi kelmeendi teddungal ndi jiydaa he kelmeendi ñalnde kala, jotondirndi he terɗe ɓanndu (ɓalndu) neɗɗo maa geɗe golle gaadoraaɗe ñalnde kala.
Yeruuji :
Kelmeendi
ñalnde kala Kelmeendi teddungal
hoore sala
hunnduko karaho
koyngal tunndawal
ñaama nafoo
ɗaanoo huyloo
So en mbaɗtii he ɗum tafngo kelme (néologismes) njibinaandi nder leyɗe tawa aldaa he kawral, ngonka kelmeendi ndii ɓeydoo saɗtude.
Mbaydiiji cellingol
He fawaade he ngonkaaji to bannge daartol, cellingol pulfule ina waawi jogaade jaɓɓe ceertuɗe. Ko ardii fof, eɗen poti siftorde gootiɗingol ina waawi jogaade jaɓɓe ɗiɗi : peewnitgol yuɓɓo kelmeendi e peewnitgol darngo ɗemngal ngal.
Peewnitgol yuɓɓo kelmeendi noddi ko ɗemngal ngal he hoore mum, joopoo yuɓɓo binndiin e cellingol binndi, laawɗinde gowlugol, celluka e kelmeendi, tonngude kaan celluka nder defte tuugneteeɗe, kesɗitingol kelmeendi e rewrude he sosngo kelmeendi kesiri ngam fulde miijanɗe ɗe ɗemɗe mawɗe kuutortoo, hono Engeleere e Farayseere e Aarabeere. He ko ɓuri heewde, baylugol yuɓɓo kelmeendi ko gollal ɗemɗiyankooɓe. Peewnitgol darngo ɗemngal noddi ko laabi ƴettaaɗi ngam kuutoragol ɗemngal ngal, yeru mum ko huutoraade ngal nder ceŋɗe laamu, ñaawirɗe e tippudi jaŋde. Ɗum ko gollal laamiiɓe kam e dawriyankooɓe.
Cuɓagol jaɓɓe e daawe teeŋtuɗe ngam laawɗingol Fulfulde :
Cellingol denndangol (standardisation unitaire)
Ngol ummortoo ko nehaande dawrugol, pinal maa faggudu, tawa laawol feraama, yimɓe huutortooɓe ngal ɓee fof ndewa heen. Ko hono noon ɗemngal Farayseere wayi (laawol Parinaaɓe), maa Italeere (laawol Florentiin). To bannge Fulfulde, ngal daawal ina waɗi nafooje, ina waɗi kadi ko naftataa (kaɗooje):
Nafoore : Gollal gootiɗingol ɓurata weeɓde ko so pulfulal gootal suɓaama, maa pulfule ɓadtondirɗe, he dow sarɗi tawa yuɓɓo coñce binndaaɗe maa jangtaaɗe ina ngoodi, defte tuugneteeɗe ina mbaawi ɗoon-e-ɗoon huwtoreede.
Kaɗooje : diiwe ɗe pulfule mum en toɗɗaaka ina mbaawi jaggirde ɗum ko jinngere, caloo ko hawraa koo. Dañde ɗoon kawraandi weeɓaani.
Kaɗooje goɗɗe : nde tawnoo noon nehaande dawrugol, pinal e faggudu dente Fulɓe woodaani, ndeke holi fulfulde suɓeteende, holi jelooɗe tesketeeɗe (keewal haalooɓe, coftal mum en, goodal binndanɗe tuugneteeɗe, tolno jaŋde, tolno yuɓɓo mbinndiin, wonde hakkunde, ekn.) ? So en ƴettii jeloode keewal yimɓe, pulfule baawooje wootiɗinde ko pululal Fuuta Jaloŋ (aɓe millaa he miliyoŋaaji 5 haalooɓe pular), e Aadamaawa ɗo haalooɓe pulaar ceɓɓitii, ina keewi calti pulfule. Pulaar Fuuta-Tooro ɓuri alɗude to bannge defte coñce (mbaydiiji mum fof), ɓuri janngude pulaar e jogaade yuɓɓo mbinndiin. To bannge wonde hakkunde, pulfule Maasina e Haayre e Rewo Burkina ɓuri ɗoon teskinde. Ɗee diiwe gonɗe he nehaande wertaango Fulɓe ina mari jelooɗe teskinɗe wonande pulaar e fuldulde, pulfule Fuɗnaange e ɗe Hirnaange. Ndeke jaŋde majje weeɓanat ɗii ɓesnguuji e oo nokku.
Cellingol kuɓtidinngol tafaangol (Standardisation compositionnelle)
So yimɓe ndonkii sellinde he mbaydi ngootaagu, maslaha ronkaama dañeede, ngolɗoo laawol ina gasa huutoreede. Laawɗinal kuɓtodinngal firti ko renndinde doosɗe pulfule keewɗe tawa ina suɓtee heen geɗe ɓurɗe yaajde (keewal maa caragol pulfulal), ɓurngal tabitde, ɓurngal yuɓɓude, ɓurngal newaade e soomde miijanteendi, ekn.
Nder ngonka nguurndam ñalnde kala, so haalooɓe pulfule ceerɗe pottii, so ɓe ngalaa ɗemngal ngal ɓe mbaawata faamondirde (yeru ko wayi no Farayseere maa Engeleere), ɓe keewi ko fotondirde pulfule maɓɓe, mo-woni fof uddita pulfulal mum mbele aɓe mbaawa faamondirde. Ko hono ɗum jibinta ɗemɗe biyeteeɗe « koine », (doosgal ngal wiyatee ko « koineization » he Engeleere). Ɗum ittaa ko he ɗemngal Gereknaaɓe ɓooyngal (gilaa ko adii-daartol) biyeteengal Koine, ɗemngal denndangal, ummingal e ɗemɗe wertaango Gereknaaɓe fof e oon mudda.
Ɗemngal Alamaañeere ceningal biyeteengal Hochdeutsch (hoxdotsho) ko noon taforii. Paamen noon ɗuum kewata ko hee teeminanɗe jappondirɗi. So tawii noon yimɓe mbaawaa fadde ɗiin duuɓi fof, ɓe mbaɗa ko wiyatee koo « laawɗinal kuɓtodinngal tafangal ». Ɗo adan ɗoo, ngartam mum ina waawi jaggireede ko tafaaɗum, kono so ɓooyii maa nafoore mum yaltu tigi.
Alaa fof ɗemngal ko wonaa memtel no waawi fotde fof. Yeru ɗemngal tafingal e yeeso laawɗinal kuɓtodinngal ko ɗemngal biyeteengal “Rheto-romans”. Haalooɓe ngal ko seeɗa nder leydi Siwis, keewngal calti, ngal yimɓe mum ndonki dañde doosɗe denndinooje ɗum en. Ina heen kadi ɗemngal “Euskara Batua” walla “Baskoore hawritaande/renndaande”, ɗemngal doosɗangal e ndii mbaydi nder wertaango diiwaan leñol Baska en nder leydi Espaañ (seeɗa e leydi Farayse).
Nder doŋre Afiriki, ko ngol rewraa haa ɗemngal Union Shona (Sonaare hawritaande) waawi laataade, ngal renndini calti Sona fof. Ngal haaletee ko Zimbabwe. “Iboore hawritaande” nder Nijeriya etonooma waɗireede noon, kono yumtaani. Daliilu mum noon fawaaki he ɗemngal ngal, ko dawrugol haɗi ɗum yumtude, ngati ɓiyngu-baabaagu hakkunde seernaaɓe “Katolik en” e “Portestan en”, yanti he salaare jannguɓe Ibo en ɓurɓe horsinde ɗemngal Engeleere. Ndeke ngonka renndo e dawrugol ina mbaawi sabobinde ngartam moƴƴam maa mbonɗam.
So en ngartii he Fulfulde, eɗen mbaawi rewrude tawo daawal hakkundewal ngal mbiyaten “gootiɗingol pulfule”. Ɗum firti ko wootiɗinde doosɗe mbinndiin e kelmeendi, yuɓɓo lomto-innde, yuɓɓo baylagol alkule jogingol caɗe mawɗe wonande mbinndiin keso.
Ko he ngal daawal ɗemngal Fulfulde woni hannde oo so en njuurnitiima kaayitol ngol FULCOM sari ngol. Kaayitol ngol doosɗinaani baylagol alkule. Hono no Gottschligg (2009 : 319) wiyri ngol waɗɗaaki to bannge paamondiral pulfule kono angol jogii batte to renndo : haalooɓe pulfule ɗo baylagol alkule ngol woni, njaggiri ko kañum en taw ngoni he goonga, heddiiɓe ɓee haalooɓe pulfule jiɗɗe ƴellitaade njiɗi ko newnude ɗemngal ngal, etee ɓe keɓanaaki tawtude ɓeya. Sikke alaa aɗum wayla haala haa nih mbaydi binndol.
Ɓuri teeŋtude ko firande yimɓe heborɓe huwtoraade ɗum, jeyaaka he muuyaaɗe FSI yiɗde mumtude pulfule muynaaɗe, ko maa ɓe mbaawa he kala sahaa huutoraade ɗe to mbinndiin e to haala.
Nafoore : hay pulfulal gootal woppaaka yejjitaaka, ko ɗoon maasalahaa ɓurata weeɓde.
Kaɗooje : ɓayri ko doosɗe mahaaɗe, ɗum alaa tawo faggo binndanɗe maa defte tuugneteeɗe (celluka e caggitorɗe) baawɗe huutoreede jooni-jooni. Ngal gollal teeŋtungal ko potngal golleede, huunde waawnde juutde, naamniinde kattanɗe to yimɓe e to ngalu ko weeɓaani.
Cellingol keewital (standardisation plurielle)
Kaa ngonka arata ko he sahaa mo calti ɗemngal gootal ƴellitii to dawrugol haa caltol heen fof wonti ɗemngal laawɗinaangal kaaleteengal nder leyɗe ceertuɗe. Ko hono ɗemɗe Iskanndinawiyanke, ɗemɗe Turkinke (Turkiya e doŋre nehaande Asia). To bannge ɗemɗiyaagal, gootal he ɗee ɗemɗe fof ko caltol ɗemngal gootal, ɗe ƴellitii gootal fof bannge mum. Ɗee ɗemɗe njiidaa nih hay abajada. He darorɗe kitaale 90, nde “Dental Sowiet” fusi ndee e nde denndanndi Turkiiji ɗi Asia keɓi jeytaare mum en, abajada Turk pawiiɗo he “Latin” ɓadtiiɗo abajada leydi Turkiya hawranooma. Kono o suwaa tawo laataade ngati keewal e leyɗe ɗee kuutortoo tawo ko abajada “Kirilik” mo Riis fawnoo he dow maɓɓe. Fulfulde ina jogii ndii mbaaydi hay so seeɗa bannge cellingol keewital.
Cellingol ngol keewal-nehaaɗe (standardisation polycentrique/polynomique)
Ngal daawal toɗɗii ko ɗemɗe laawɗinaaɗe e fawaade he mbaydi cellingol denndaangol, ko adii nde ɗe carotoo to weertaango haa ɗe mbaawi huutoreede nder leyɗe ceertuɗe, haa nih ɗe njibini calti goɗɗi. To bannge mbinndiin, ceerundal kelmeendi e celluka majje ina famɗi. Ceerundal majje heewi wonde ko to “ firo ” kono ɗuum haɗataa paamondiral hakkunde majje. Hay ngoon “ firo ” heewaano toɗɗaade firo gorworo, walla tawa ina anndaa ngati goodal defte e jaayɗe. Ina hasii ɗee leyɗe ina njokkondiri tigi to dawrugol, to faggudu maa to pinal. Yeruuji mum ko Farayseere e Almañeere, e Engeleere, e Aarabeere, e Españoleere e Portugeere. Ko yowitii he Fulfulde, ina gasa ɗoo he mudda daɓɓo, cellingol kuɓtodinngol yahda e cellingol keewal-nehaaɗe. Addata ɗum ko caragol ɗemngal ngal.
Tonngol
He gasnirde ndee yiyannde raɓɓininaande, eɗen mbiya tan wonde FSI ina waawi wonde, nder mudda kakindiiɗo maa juutɗo, so tawii kay dente e yuɓɓooji bayɗi no FULCOM maa Tabital Pulaaku (Pulaagu) e pelle pine Pulaar/Fulfulde naatii heen. Kono, eɗen ndeeƴna he hakkillaaji men wonde ngal ɗemngal cellinaangal coñcewal fotaani waɗteede ɓellere-gajjal, wonaa huunde diƴnde, ko ko memtatee ñalnde kala wonande calti ɗemngal. So FSI ina wooda ko sara calti ɗemngal ɗii fof, kuccam mum wonaa lomtaade calti ɗemngal (ɗum reerɗaaka kadi wonataa), kono ko timminde ɗi e weeɓtinde gostondiral pine nder wertaango Fulɓe. Kadi, ɗemngal lawɗinaangal wootiɗinaa ko njogitaari naat-naattondiral diiwe Afiriki, ko jukunnde nguurndam ɗemngal Pulaar/Fulfulde. So ɗemngal men fecciima hono no hannde nii, ngal waawataa fompondirde he Faraseere, Engeleere, e Aarbeere, kam he ɗemɗe Afiriknaaje ɗe ngal sippirta, hono Hawsaare, Bammbarankoore, jolfeere, Jermaare (Soŋayre), ekn.
Winndaannde Umar Bah
Fulo : Aamadu Malal Gey
Defte e binndanɗe kuutoraaɗe
– Castellanos, Carles (1997) El Procés d’Estandardització de les Llengües These.
– Gottschligg, Peter (2009) Dialectal variance, standardization and the development of awritten language: the case of Fula.
– Gleich, Utta von & Ekkehard Wolff (1991) Standardization of National Languages.
– Ka, Fary Silate & Issa Diallo (2010) Commission du Fulfulde/Langue Transfrontalière VéhiculaireLes règles d’orthographie du Fulfulde, version française facile pour lesnéoalphabètes.
– Gnalibouly, Boureima (2010) Rapport Groupe Fulfulde.


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Won wiɗto annduɓe Ameriknaaɓe mbaɗi hollitoowo wonde yimɓe moylooɓe (yahooɓe yahdu yaawndu) laabi tati e yontere kala tawi ko dañɓe duuɓi 55, ɓuri moƴƴude hakkillaaji e tolnodiiɓe mum en ɓe njahataa ɓe. Yahdu ndu ina ɓeyda kada mawnugol nokku (hettere) teskorɗo gonɗo e ngaanndi o biyeteeɗo ippokamp (hippocampe). Oon nokku noon, neɗɗo mawnat tan ina ɓeydoo famɗitde. Ko ngool pamɗitgol «nawata koye nayeeɓe» (eɗen keewi wiyde nayeeɓe : «hoore ko yahnde !»)
Annduɓe ɓee koolkisii ɗum ko e yimɓe 120 yahrooɓe hedde duuɓi capanɗe jeegom, selluɓe, kono ɓe keewaani dillude. Ɓe pecci ɓe e pecce ɗiɗi :
• Feccere adannde nde ina yaha fotde hojomaaji 40 tawa ndartaaki, balɗe tati nder yontere kala.
• Feccere ɗiɗmere nde, joomum en ngonata tan ko e fooccaade, ina ndillikinoo seeɗa.
E nder lebbi jeegom haa hitaande ɓe ƴeewndaa.
Goomuuji ɗiɗi ɗii kala ɓeydima waawde teskaade won ɗeen geɗe, ko wayi no laawol rewnoo, walla yiytude ɗo joɗɗinnoo huunde, e yeru.
Kono ɓurondiral mawngal teskaama hakkunde majji. Kirk Erickson, ganndo gonɗo to Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Pittsburgh wyi : «e nder hitaande nokku teskorɗo moylatnooɓe ɓe ɓeydiima fotde 2%, tawi mo oya goomu ina ustii fotde 1,4% …». O ɓeydi heen : «min cikkatnoo ko alaa e sago, so neɗɗo ina mawna, ippokamp mum wona e famɗitde, kono ngooɗoo jarribo hollii wonde so neɗɗo ina softina ɗaɗi mum e ɓernde mum, hay so seeɗa, e nder hitaande, ɗuum ina waawi ɓeydude ndeeɗoo hettere ngaanndi…».
40 hojom, laabi tati e nder yontere, wonaa huunde saɗtunde waɗde : jom duuɓi en (dañde 55 fayi dow) ina poti etaade waɗde ɗuum ko famɗi fof ; haɗataa nayeewu, kono ina haɗa ɓoro ngaanndi. Maa joom mum en yahdu e hakkillaaji mum en!!!
Ƴoogirde : nytimes.com / Fulo : BAB


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To bannge renndo e faggudu laamu nguu ɓeydii njoɓɗeele fotde sappoɓal, kono coodguuli geɗe nguura cowiima laabi ɗiɗi ɗo njahratnoo (ɓeydiima fotde 100%), ronkere golle kadi yettiima tolno mo meeɗaa yettaade e leydi hee. Hitaande yawtunde ndee ina maantiniri kadi geddooji safrooɓe e jannginooɓe …. To bannge renndo e politik noon, ɗee geɗe ina njeyaa e kewuuji ɓurɗi maantinde e hitaande ɓennunde ndee :
Saawiyee 2012 : lewru sippirooji. Ɗiin sippirooji peeñi ko e sahaa ɓeydagol coodguuli geɗe nguura, gadanngol laamu sosde bitikaaji “solidarité 2012”. Geddo sanɗaaji ISERI udditi hare ngam salaade uddugol duɗal mum en e cosgol duɗal kesal to Ayyuun; rewi heen ko duɗal jaaɓi-haɗtirde Nuwaasoot ɗo sanɗaaji ɗaɓɓatnoo ɓeydugol bursiiji um en. Oon sahaa gooto pelle daraniiɗe jojjanɗe aadee nannduɗe e IRA e “Hoto mem ɓiyleydaagu am” e senndikaaji jannginooɓe e gollotooɓe woɗɓe e Dillere Sukaaɓe 25 Feebariyee ina ndiinni e mbeddaaji.
Feebariyee 2012 : Puɗɗagol wolde rewo Mali e naatgol mooliiɓe e nder Muritani. Fuɗɗorii ko tuddunde Fasaala, ɗo mooliiɓe ngonnoo 6 000 njahi haa 22 000 neɗɗo ñalnde 28 feebariyee. Hannde, aɓe millee e 110 000 neɗɗo. Ko e nduu lewru kadi fedde luulndo yeewtidnoonde e laamu nguu jaɓi tonngol kaaldigal ngal. CENI (Goomu toppitiingu ɗowde woote) sosaa, tawi woni e mum tan ko haaldunooɓe ɓee.
Marse 2012 : Dartingol gartirgol taccinaaɓe. Laamu Muritani habri dartingol gartirgol taccinaaɓe to Senegaal.
Abriil 2012 : Biraam e defte Maalik. Ko e nduu lewru Biraam wul Daa wul Abeydi duppunoo defte laawol Maalik sabu yooɓtoraade ɗum en dagnude njiyaagu. Biraam e wondiiɓe mum njeenayo cokaa.
Mee 2012 : Diinno (diiño) luulndo. Ñalnde 21 mee COD felliti wiyde ina waɗa diiño waktuuji 24 ɗo boowal Ibnu Abbaas ɗoo. Kono, polis e pompiyeeji njani e maɓɓe hakkunde jamma.
Suwee 2012 : Mesawuud yettini partiiji ɗii miijo mum fotngo wallitde leydi ndii yaltude e luural politik. Muhammed Lemiin wul Daadde ñawaa kawoo duuɓi tati.
Sulyee 2102 : Laana ndiwoowa konu Muritani yani nder kanndaa Nuwaasoot. Yimɓe njeeɗiɗo maayi heen. Laana kaa dusatnoo ko kaŋŋe hakkunde Tasiast e Nuwaasoot.
Ut 2012 : Geddo Ubriyeeji MCM. Gardeeɓe Muritani njani e ubriyeeji ɗii, piyi ɗum en haa mbari heen gooto, ngañi njeeɗiɗo. Ko e nduu lewru kadi cafroowo gooto hirsunoo sukaaɓe mum nayo e nder leegal Arafaat.
Settaambar 2012 : Laamu Muritani waɗti Senusi e juuɗe laamu Libi. O jagganoo ɗoo ko ñalnde 16 marse 2012. Ñaawirde winndere e leydi Farayse kala ɗaɓɓiino heɓde mo. Ñalnde 22 lewru nduu, 16 duwaat en pellaa Mali, heen njeenayo ko Muritaninaaɓe.
Oktoobar 2012 : Ko ñalnde 13 oktoobar kural gaañnoo persidaa Abdel Asiis. O nawaa Pari, caggal kumpa juutɗo e nananti keewɗi, o feeñi e tele omo wondi e persidaa Farayse.
Noowammbar 2012 : Gartal Asiis : Abdel Asiis arti e Nuwaasoot ñalnde 24 noowammbar ngam tawtoreede mawningol jeytaare leydi ndii. O noddi jaayɗe to galle laamorɗo too ngam yeewtidde e mum en. O haali ɓeydugol njoɓɗeele fotde 30%.
Desammbar 2012 : Joɗnde Diisnondiral AJD/MR e Mooɓondiral Tawaasul. Jemiil Mansuur toɗɗitaa hooreejo leydi. Hitaande ndee joofiri ko mooɓondiral UFP e toɗɗitagol wul Mawluud e gardagol parti oo.
Fooyre Ɓamtaare


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E oon sahaa gooto mo laamu Basaar el Asad yooɓtoraa warhoore ɓesngu mum, ina ƴetta puudareeje ina posna yimɓe mum, huunde e Muritaninaaɓe kersataa darodaade e makko e fotodaade e makko. Ɓeen, lowre internet wiyeteende ‘’taquadoumy’’ wiyi (ñalnde 18 ut 2013) ko ɓeeɗoo : Mahfuud wul Asiis, Muhammed wul Tolba, Isselku wul Ahmed Umar, e Abdallaahi wul Siriif.
Ɗum noon ittinooɓe ɗoo ko hollude Basaar el Asad ko e mum ɓe ngondi. « Ɗum ɗoon noon ko maale bonɗe wonande Asaad », sibu eɗen ciftora, ko hono noon huunde e ardiiɓe politik leydi ndii (e gardagol depitee APP biyeteeɗo Kaliilu wul Teyib) njahrunoo Libi hollude Kaddaafi ko e mum ngondi. Ɓooytaani Kaddaafi jaggaa ina suuɗoo e tuwooji diƴƴe mbalit. Jooni ne ɓee njahii hollitde ballal mum en e baasiste en to Siri, yo anniyaaji maɓɓe ngartu e maɓɓe ! Amiin.


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Waŋngorde faggudu
Ko damal naatirgal golle fayde e ɓamtaare, heblaade e heblude renndo ko fayti e ndeenka, kisal, nguura e taariindi e heblanaade geɗe. Bettooje tago e darnude laabi tuugnordi jaaru gol yeeso e heblude neɗɗo no tuugno ri e hoore mum e nokku mum e no sato nguurndam aade ne heddoro e diiwaan mum e hisnude taariindi mum to koɗ ki e faggudu e fitiram gollaagal mbele neɗɗo ne fooɗo faade e ɓamtaare tabit nde gila e kodki ha e koltu e habaade waas de haar de gila e cukaaku 03 darnude seŋngo diisno ndiral e fanniyankooɓe humpitiibe no darnorte denndaangal laabi faade e ɓamtaare 04. faandaare nde Ko sowo sowto ndirde ngartam e ɓiɓɓe diiwanuuji ɗi e ñiiɓ. Nude ɓiɓɓe diiwaan e nokku mum en,. koŋ ngol men ko ɓamtaare immoto ko e juŋ ngo joomum


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So tawii ina wiyee wonde waɗnoo Siidi wul Seek Abdallaahi nomde Abdel Asiis e Gaswaani e Negrii seneraal ko yiɗde ruppaade bone mum en, huunde nde daɗndaani mo ; ina gasa tawa Abdel Asiis ne ko hono ɗuum faanditii heen, so welnaade ofiseeji mawɗi ɗii.
So tawii ina wiyee wonde waɗnoo Siidi wul Seek Abdallaahi nomde Abdel Asiis e Gaswaani e Negrii seneraal ko yiɗde ruppaade bone mum en, huunde nde daɗndaani mo ; ina gasa tawa Abdel Asiis ne ko hono ɗuum faanditii heen, so welnaade ofiseeji mawɗi ɗii.
Waɗi en wiyde noon, ko o nomii senerooji 18 tuggi nde o heɓti laamu faade hannde. Wattindii nomeede, ñalnde talaata 2 abriil 2013, ko Hanana Ould Sidi, koroowo konu kuftodinɗo, e Ahmedu Bammba wul Bahiya, Waali Tiris-Emmuur e Muhammed Seek wul wul Muhammed Lemiin ganndiraaɗo ‘Buruur’, gardiiɗo diiwaan konu jeegoɗo (Nuwaasoot), e Ghulaam wul Hamuud, docteur ko faati e jibinirgol (gynécologie), e Isselkou Ould Seek el Weli, gardiiɗo konu diƴƴe. Won wiyanooɓe nomaama ñalnde alkamiisa 21 marse 2013, kono inɗe dokkanooɗe ɗee, ɗiɗo heen laataaki. Kono, won fuɗɗinooɓe wullude wonde hay seneraal hardaane woodaani, e ngolɗoo doggol cakkitiingol noon, eɗen teskoo heen hardaane gooto, so Ghulaam wul Hamuud. Hade ɗuum, e hitaande 2009, o nomiino Njaga Jeŋ e Wul Meget e wul Bekriin e Wul Haadi e wul Sanaagi, senerooji. E hitaande 2011 o ɓeydi heen Miskaaru, o reftini heen e hitaande 2012 ndee, Jah Aadama e Dah wul Maamy (gardiiɗo duwaan) e Muhammed wul Reggaani wul Siidi Ahmed. Hannde konu Muritani ina yahra e senerooji 17. Won haalooɓe sappo e jeetaɓo, hono bappinooɗo comci ngam waawde wonde hooreejo leydi oo… Ina wiyee kadi Wul Gaswaani, ko maresaal. Won wiyooɓe kadi, “ɗiiɗoo senerooji kala, ina famɗi heen meeɗɗo yahde wolde…”
- Ndiwoowa konu yanii kadi
Kadi ! Ndiwoowa konu Muritani yanii saraaji Awjeft ñalnde altine 18 marse 2013. Karallo biyeteeɗo Bubakar Mbooc sankiima heen. Huunde ndee arii e hulɓinaade no feewi, sibu, so en njuumaani, kaaɗoo laana woni tataɓa, ka konu Muritani waasi e nder duuɓi ɗiɗi fat. Mate ko diwnooɓe ɓee ngoni ɓe ɗigginaani golle mum en walla ? Heewɓe ceedtiima wonde wonaa toon bone ɗee ngoni, ndiwnooɓe ɓee ko heblaaɓe heblo moƴƴo, jannguɓe golle ɗee, kumpitiiɓe ɗum. Heewɓe mbiyi ella oo woni ko e laaɗe hee e koye mum en. Tee ko laaɗe coodaaɗe ko tiiɗi sanne. Ma a taw ko laalaaɗe tan purga-ɗen e coodgu tiiɗngu !
En cuwaano tawo yejjitde njangu laanel jahnongel « ruso kaŋŋe » e nder kanndaa Nuwaasoot, e lewru sulyee 2012, ɗo yimɓe njeeɗiɗo mbaasnoo pittaali mum en. E lewru ut 2011, ko laanel ekkol diwooje Attaar yannoo saraaji Shingiti, wari kapiteen El Bukhaari wul Muhammed. Won tooñooɓe mbiyi « nde tawnoo ardii en ko yimɓe ceb-ceb » ko kooce tan njeeyete-ɗen e coodgu tiiɗngu : ɗum woni diwooje ɗee, ɗum woni « biisuuji Asiis » ekn… Hay gudroŋaaji Asiis, ɓe mbiyata ɗum ko «suukara», nde tawnoo so ndiyam memii ɗi tan ɗi caayat ! Won ɗo tooñannge yooɗaani noon, pittaali yimɓe potaani fijireede. Laamu nguu ina foti ƴeewtaade ko waɗata koo. Ko adii fof wiɗto ina foti waɗeede haa andee ko yandinta ɗee laaɗe, hade majje gaynude sukaaɓe men.
FƁ


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Mali, Konu Barkane dariingu wallitagol deenaagu nokkuure nden, fuɗɗike, eggingol njogaaji walla alaaji maɓɓe heddiiɗi ɗin Kidal to rewo...Read more
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Ko e daari e miijooji yimɓe «haawniiɓe» tan wonnoo, kono jooni ɗum wonta goonga : ɗo otooji mbaɗtata diwde. Fedde diwooje wiyeteende Airbus ina anniyii hookisaade taksi diwoowo, mo alaa konndiroowo hedde mayyirɗe 2017 ɗoo tan !
Ko e daari e miijooji yimɓe «haawniiɓe» tan wonnoo, kono jooni ɗum wonta goonga : ɗo otooji mbaɗtata diwde. Fedde diwooje wiyeteende Airbus ina anniyii hookisaade taksi diwoowo, mo alaa konndiroowo hedde mayyirɗe 2017 ɗoo tan !
Hay so tawii ɗum na waawi haawde ɓe kumpitaaki, ngannden wonde denndaangal gannde e karallaagal katojinangal ngam waɗde ɗuum ina woodi. Faandaaye Airbus e ɗuum ko ɓiɗtitinde cahe teeru mawɗe ngam newnude yah-ngartaa yimɓe. Coggu majjum woɗɗondirtaa e coggu taksiiji goowaaɗi ɗii.
Ina wayi nii sinuwaa ngarditiima to oon bannge sibu ɓe peewnii heen edda gooto taksi diwoowo mo alaa konndiroowo. So a jolii heen a doboto e alluwel (tablette) ina woni nder ɗoon, ngam hollude to paaɗaa, o diwa, o naw maa haa njetto-ɗaa. So caɗeele mbaɗii, won wonɓe to Nokku Jamirooje (Centre de Commande), ko kam en ƴettitta golle ɗee. Heddii tan ko waɗande laabi njuɓɓinooji mbele ɗi mbaɗta nawde yimɓe. Ɗum noon cabbo-ɗen ɗoo e duuɓi seeɗa.
BAB


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… Fawaadee no Ɓuraana tedduɗo wiyri : “siftor, deftere Idriisa oo laatiima sehil ko annabi ; min ɓamti mo e nokku toowɗo ”. simoore mariyam, kaawise: 56-57, hono Kisaa-i wiyi : “nde Idriisa ɓamtaa dow asamaan ndee, maleykaaji nganndi ɗuum, ɗi cikkatnoo o ummotaako ɗoon, maleykaaji ɗii mbiyi: “eehey maa Geno amen, koohoowo amen, keedoowo amen, laatotaako ngam ooɗoo maccuɗo goofoowo ina waɗtinda wonde e nokku maleyaaji ɓattinaaɗi yurmeende”. Geno lonngini ɗi, wiyi ɗi : “ oɗon kira ɓiɓɓe Aadama e golle mum en. So tawi mi waɗɗinii e dow mon ko mbaɗɗin-mi e maɓɓe koo to bannge ngena, mi hoddirii e mon ko koddir-mi e maɓɓe koo e goofi, maa on mbaɗ ko ɓuri mawnude e ko ɓe mbaɗata to bannge goofi ” . Ɗi mbiyi : senaare woodanii ma joomi amen, minen kay aamnantaako min woofde ma. Geno lonngini ɗi yo ɗi cuɓo maleykaaji ɗiɗi e maɓɓe tawa ina mbelaa, o jippina ɗumen to dow leydi, o loowa e nder mum en ngena hono kaa o loownoo e yimɓe kaa, maleykaaji cuɓii maleykaaji ɗiɗi etee ina mbelaa, ɗum woni ɗiiɗoo maleykaaji ɗiɗi : haaruuta e maaruuta. Nde ɓe njippii to leydi, o loowi e majji ngena keewka doole. Geno yamiri ɓe yo ɓe ñaaw hakkunde yimɓe goonga e fenaande, ɓe kaɗa ɓe renndinde Geno e goɗɗum, e warde fittaandu ko aldaa e goonga, reentaade jinaa e yarde sanngara. Ɓe ngoni e waɗde ko ɓe njamiraa, so ɗooftaade yamiroore hakkunde yimɓe ñalawma, so hiirii ɓe ngona e jangtaade inɗe Geno ɓurɗe mawnude ɗee so hiirii, ɓe ngabbita to dow asamaan too, ko noon ɓe ngoniri haa timmi lewru wooturu. Waɗi sahaa debbo gooto ari e majji, jooɗɗo mo hono mum weeɓaani, mo jom hakkillaaji potɗi ɗaatɗi, gite putte daneeje, kala no debbo wayatnoo e njooɗndam, ko noon o wayi. Omo ɓoornii comci jooɗɗi basorɗi, o wiyetee ko Sahratu, ko o Fursinaajo, o waɗii gure keewɗe mawɗe, o naati e nokku Haaruuta e Maaruuta ngoni oo, omo tellini sukundu makko keeci makko, omo foppii yeeso haa oolɗi. Ndeen ɓe njiyii mo tan, ɓe naati fitina, ɓe ndonki nanngude koye maɓɓe. Giɗli pooli ɓe. O ɓooyaani ɗoon o yalti, caggal ɗuum o arti e maɓɓe ñalngu ɗimmu, nde ɓe njiyi mo kadi ɓe ɓeydii dañde caɗeele Alla e giɗli, gooto e maɓɓe fof ina haalana goɗɗo oon no giɗli mum e jarabi mum poti e makko, nde fiyaaku ɓeydii e maɓɓe, ɓe njiɗi lelodaade e makko, o salii haa yoori, o yalti nokku oo caggal ɗuum o arti laawol tataɓol o naati, ɓe njiɗi yande makko kadi o salii, o wiyi ɓe: “aaɓnantaako on heɓde mi tawo on mbaɗaani ko njiɗ-mi mbaɗon koo, so on mbaɗii ko njiɗ-mi koo, keɓon ko njiɗ-ɗon koo. Ɓe mbiyi holi ɗuum ? O wiyi ɓe “ njaron sanngara, cujjanon sanam ”. Ɓe mbiyi mo, “ ɗuum alanaa min laawol, ngam Geno toowɗo Oo, ina haɗi min ɗeen geɗe”. Kanko ne o salii ko ɓe ɗaɓɓata e makko koo, o hooti galle makko. Nde yahi haa juuti, ɓe ndonki muñde, ɓe ngabbii mo, nde ɓe njettii debbo oo, ɓe konngi damal ngal, o ari o udditani ɓe damal ngal, o tawi ko kamɓe, o bismii ɓe caggal ɗuum, o addani ɓe koɗungu pattamlamu, o ɓadtini ɓe ñaamde, ɓe ñaami haa ɓe kaari, ɓe njiɗi waɗde kadi ko ɓe njiɗnoo koo, o wiyi ɓe, alaa e sago ɓe mbaɗa ko o yiɗi koo, ɓe ngoni e miijaade ha ɓe nanondiri.
Sirku e warde hoore ɗuum kam ko bakkatuuji mawɗi sanne kono sanngara ko huunde famɗunde doole to bannge goofi. Ɓe ƴetti sanngara ɓe njari ɗum haa ɓe manndili. Nde o anndi ko ɓe manndilɓe, yo yamiri ɓe yo cujjan sanam, ɓe cujjani sanam, o hokki ɓe hoore makko haa ɓe mbeltii, neɗɗo gooto ina wonnoo ɗoon, o yamiri ɓe yo ɓe mbar-ɗum hoto haaltude. Ɓe nanngi ɗum ɓe mbari ɗum. Nde Haaruuta e Maaruuta mbaɗi ɗii goofi, hankadi ɓe njanii e nder bakkatuuji bonɗi ɗi momtotaako. Ɓe njiɗi diwde ɓe nduttitoo dow asamaan. Ɓe enndi diwde, bibje ndonki artude e maɓɓe, ɗum wonani ɓe caɗeele. Ɓe mberti juuɗe maɓɓe ɓe ñaagii annabi Idriisa yo ñaagono ɓe Geno toowɗo Oo nde yaafotoo ɓe bakkatuuji maɓɓe, caggal nde ɓe kaalani ɗum fiyakuuji maɓɓe. Ngam ɓe mbiyi mo : min njiyii ma omo ŋabbin maa ngam dewe. Annabi Idriisa ñaaganii ɓe Geno toowɗo Oo, Geno jaabi wiyi, yo ɓe cuɓo geɗe ɗiɗi, hankadi, woodani ɓe ko leepte, leepte aduna walla wattannde, ɓe mbiyi: ɓe cuɓii ko leepte aduna. Ko nii woni o hokki ɓe leepte to Iraak too, nokku Babilon, ɓe liggaa e nder woyndu, alaa e aduna leepte ɗe Geno waɗaani ɓe e nder aduna. E nder duuɓi ɓennuɗi, so wanngotooɓe ngarii Iraak ina kolloyee maale maɓɓe, (njaafo-ɗon banndiraaɓe, Haaruuta e Maaruuta ko maleykaaji ngonnoo, ɗi telli leydi, ɗi ngonti yimɓe. Maleyka noon lomto innde mum ko (ɗi) kono ɗi ngontii yimɓe, njooftinɗen ɓe e {ɓe}. ko laɓɓitinde tan), geno waɗii ɓe e geƴƴelle e nder woyndu ceenuuji ina tawatenoo ɗoon e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Naniraama gorko gooto ariino e maɓɓe ina ɗaɓɓa e maɓɓe, ngam yiɗde janngineede mbileewu ina ummorii ɗoon e Babilon, o wiyi, yo ɓe mballu mo ɓe njanngina mo mbilewu. Gorko oo naatii to ɓe ngoni too, o yiyi ɓe tan, o naji no ɓe ciforii toon nih. O wiyi: deweteeɗo alaa so wonaa geno gooto, Mohamed ko nelaaɗo makko. Ɓe mbiyi mo: hol renndo ngo njeye-ɗaa? O wiyi ɓe : renndo Mohamed. Ɓe mbiyi mo, Mohamed nelaama ? O wiyi: eey. Ɓe mbiyi mo, jettooɗe ngoodani Geno. Ɗoon e ɗoon tan, haa mbellema naatani mo. O wiyi ɓe : won weltaare nde njiy-ɗon ? Ɓe mbiyi mo : eey. Waɗi noon, oon arata ko waɗtannde, ko ndeen min ndañata jam. Wiyaama, nde annabi Idriisa ɓamtaa dow asamaan ndee, ɓiyiiko Mutawaslaki ko ndeen lomtii mo caggal makko woni e ñaawde yimɓe ngam seerndude goonga e fenaande. nde Mutawasilaki maayi kañum ne, lomtii ɗum ko ɓiyum Laamaka. Wiɗtiyanke kisaa-i wiyi: “laatiima Laamaka ko neɗɗo keewɗo tanaa, caɗtuɗo, ko neɗɗo tiiɗɗo keewɗo doole, kanko gooto omo ɗakkitanoo kaaƴe mawɗe tawa yimɓe heewɓe mbaawaa ɗum ɗakkitde, tawa o ɗakkiti ɗum ko e dow haayre. Waɗi sahaa gooto o yalti omo yahnoo e weeyo tan, haa o yiiyi yeeso makko debbo pattamlamo, moƴƴo mbaadi ina yeeso mum ndammiri ina ayna ndi, o haawaa no feewi. O ɓadtii ɗum o naamndii innde mum, debbo oo wiyi mo mbiyetee mi ko Faynusatu, ɓiyum Ekliil gooto e ɓiɓɓe qaabil ɓiiy Aadam, o wiyi oon: aɗa kilifa ? Debbo oo wiyi mo: alaa. o wiyi ɗum: wonndi tan ko aɗa famɗi duuɓi so a timminii duuɓi dewgal ma mi reseteno, e ngaan saanga ɓiɗɗo debbo oo ina yahraa e duuɓi teemedde ɗiɗi e noogaas (220). Dewbo oo wiyi mo: so aɗa yiɗi ƴamde mi fokkit yah to baabam ƴamaa-mi to makko. Ndeen Laamaka nanii ɗuum tan, fokkiti yahi to baaba mum Faynusatu, nde o yettii o haali sokla makko, ɓe nanondiri oon hokki mo Faynusatu, ko ɗum woni ɓe kumanaa. Nde laamaka e debbo mum mbirnodii, debbo oo saawani mo ɓiɗɗo gorko, nde jibini ɓiɗɗo gorko oo, o inniri ɗum Yaskuru ina wiyee kadi Abdul Gaffaaru, ko oon woni Nuuhu. Hono Wahaab bun man mbahi wiyi: nde dumunna jibingol debbo oo yonti, o yalti nokku oo, o yaaɓani to kaaƴe mawɗe ngoɗɗaani ɗoon no feewi eɗe mbaɗi gasɗe tawi ko luurooji mawɗi. Nde o yettii haayre ndee ina waɗi luuro, o naati e nder luuro ngoo ngam hulde laamɗo nokku oo hoto tinde ɗuum, ngam oon ɗoon laamɗo Geno wuurti ɗum tan ko e warde sukaaɓe, haa teeŋti e sukaaɓe worɓe. Ndeen o jibinii ɓiɗɗo oo to nder luuro too, o yiɗi woppude ɗoon ngam ruttaade to galle maɓɓe, o woppi ɗoon tiggu oo, o ummii omo yaha, o ruŋtii tan, tiggu o hiiwtii bojji. O yeeƴii keeci makko, tiggu oo noddi mo, wiyi mo : aan neene, oto hulan am ngam oon tagɗo mi ko oon reenata-mi. Nde yumma oo nani ɗuum tan, ɓernde mum hecciɗi, o ruttitii ngam ɗaminaade njoorto. O waali ɗoon e nder haayre ndee, caggal ɗuum, o woppi ɗoon tiggu oo. E nder ɗeen ɗoon balɗe capanɗe nay ndeke laamɗo guurtaaɗo e warde sukaaɓe oo maayii. Maleykaaji ƴetti ɓiɗɗo oo njoƴƴinoyi ɗum nder suudu yummum. Fooyre wonnoonde e tiinde baaba makko nde eggi faati e makko. Kanko Abdul Ghaffaar ko kanko woni Nuuhu (mo jam e kisal ngoni e mum), caggal ɗuum yumma oo ummanii nehde mo, nehdi moƴƴiri, haa o mawni nde o fuɗɗii janngude labbaagu, o yonndikinii heen, o wonii kadi gaynaako, ngam omo aynanannoo kooreeji makko sardi ina njoɓa mo. O wonii e kaan ngonka dumunna juutɗo sanne, ko adii baaba makko Laamaka ina sankoo. Caggal nde oon sankii o lomtii ɗum, o roni ko o tawnoo ina huutoroo kala.
Ko ɗoo nguurndam Laamaka baaba mum Nuuhu haaɗi.
Jibril Muusaa Joop


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“ Fenaande jogii tan ko koykon kon ƴeɓiri, kono alaa dote ko jooɗorii ”
Interpol, hono Fedde polis hakkunde leyɗeele, momtii « laakngal nanngal » (manndaaji jaggugol winndereeji) ngal Muritani feewnunoo e luulndiiɓe laamu mum ɗiɗo, hono Muhammed wul Buuamatu e Muhammed Debbaag. Ɗuum woni, ñalnde 19 oktoobar ndee, Goomu horo fedde ndee momtii e duttorgol (fiisiyee) mum denndaangal kabaruuji paatuɗi e maɓɓe, sabu mum teskaade sakkii yamiroore nanngal ndee ko geɗe politik. Ɗumɗoo noon ko gacce mawɗe wonande laamu Muritani, sibu ɗuum firti ko ngu waɗatnoo e duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ɗii kala, fuɗɗiima feeñande aduna oo, ko tooñanngeeji : gila e nanngal senaateer wul Ghadda, haa e tooñannge feewde e jaaynooɓe e hoohooɓe senndikaa. Ɗuum addani neɗɗo politik gooto wiyde “…kamɓe fof ɓe takkaama penaale, inɗe maɓɓe mbonnaama, penaale e takke ɗe meeɗaa yiyeede e leydi hee, gila e raddo fenaande laamu wul Taaya raddatnoo Flam en e kitaale 80-90. Sinno nuunɗal ina woodnoo e oo aduna, tawatnoo nde toppitiima ndee hafeere, nde weñcita nde. Kono ɗuum haɗataa nuunɗal won ɗo woodi. Ngal woni tan ko e nokkuuji goɗɗi. Ma a taw maa wood nde ngal yettii en ?”
Ko firti Interpol ?
Interpol ko dottere konngol engele ‘’International Police’’, woni Polis hakkunde leyɗeele. Ko ɗum njuɓɓudi winndere cosaandi ñalnde 7 settaambar 1923, kalfinaandi gollondiral hakkunde polisaaji leyɗeele.


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hande kaalen ko haala gimɗi fulfulde mo Mamadu Yahya Jalloh burɗo lottude e iinde Le guide, waɗata to Gine konakri
Saakitaama ñannde : Hesɗintinaama ñannde :
Ngendiyanke heewɓe waaɓeno Seex Anta Joop miijino ko ruttaade e ɗemɗe men woni nafa men. Ooɗo jimoowo wiyete ko Mamadu Yahya Jalloh kanko ne ko ɗum woni yiyande makko : kaalen fulfulde ɗemɗe men mbela eɗen ɓamta leyɗe men. Mamadu Yahya Jalloh ɓuri andireede inde « le Guide » jooɗi ko Guinée Conakry, omo tawee e Suudu Darja production hono Mamadu Thug. Haaju makko e himmu makko fof woni hono ɓamtirten kala kene cosaan fulɓe. O ari e yewtere ko mbiiɗon ngam haalde noo woori.
Fulfulde faminiinde :
karamoko Issa Jallo, yontere yawtunde nde a addi e damal fulfulde famminiinde kongol "NGOONGA"; hande noon en ngaray e kongol tiidngol e haalooɓe fulfulde woni Allah. ɓe ene mbiya geno, woɗɓe joomiraado, won wiyooɓe laamɗo ? Mate ada waawi firande enn ngol kongol ?


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Holno almuuɓɓe ɓen nguurdi e saanga guurti?
Saakitaama ñannde : Hesɗintinaama ñannde :
Nialawma hande o min jewtata ko yowiti e saanga guurti. Jewtidiiɗo men e Ko mbiiɗon wiyete ko Sileye Gorbal Sy. Kanko woni ardiiɗo Kawtal pelle dillooɓe e jangde tuubaako no wiye Coalition Nationale Education pour Tous. O ari e yewtere nde ngam haalande hettiiɓe ko mbiiɗon daawol guurti et nder leydi Senegaal haani et yoga et leyɗeele nde. holno jangoowo foti waade et oɗoo saha ? Mbela yontaani et sahaa Guurti sembinde heblo sukaabe ɓeen mbela hakkilaaji ɗii eno pertana jangde so duɗe ɗen nguditii ? Kono adii dun en njahat haa to Mali njokondiren et djooɗaniiɗo enn ton Abdoulaye Diko. Ndjoofniren e totude kongol gooto et sukaaɓe naalankoobe Senegal baɗɗo ndjiluudji kewɗe et nder Afrique haa teeŋti non e leydi Cameroun, Afrique du Sud et Libye.


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Leydi Fulɓe Uruuɓe naatanii wuurtinde Jolol-Burgu to wuro Konsa. Hikka waɗata duuɓi teemedere e capanɗe jeenay (190). Holi ko ɗum woni ? Nyalnde 25 Nowambar 2005 to Paris, laamorgo leydi Farayse, fedde UNESCO hokkii dowla Mali teddungal mawngal, nde « weeyo pinal » Ƴaaral e Degal heptinaa wonde « gollal ŋarɗungal nder ngoodaandi njaŋtaandi mbirniindi wonande winndere ».
Caggal ɗuum, laamu dowla Mali ne, e lewru nowammbar 2006, e ballal ngalu UNESCO, tutii eɓɓaande ngam sowde Ƴaaral e Degal to gure Jaafaraaɓe e to gure Jalluɓe tawa ko e dow anniya huɓindaade gure gadanteeje Diina (gure gonɗe e Kofol Maayo Niijeer), hakkunde ndeen e hitaande 2009.
Too to Maasina Mali, Wero Pinal Ƴaaral e Degal renndini ko nyaayirɗe Fulɓe Kofol Maayo Niijeer, tuggude nyaaruwal Kemaasina e Tumbukutu, haa yettii Seeno lesɗe Dogoŋ’en kam e lesɗe toowɗe ɗe iletaake to Meema, e Kareeri, e to Farimake.
E nder lugge pinal Fulɓe Maasina, gaagaa ngamiri e pijirlooji, Degal (joltugol jawdi feewde waalo) kam e Ƴaaral (duttugol ndiyam maayo), e fawaade e yiyannde nde yiyotaako, diwtii ɗiin pijirlooji, renndini ko daawe e lappi durnirɗi (eggirɗi) ɗi durnooɓe njaŋngirta hitaande fof ganndal koode.
Gila e yonta Yirayɓe (lefol Arɗooji –Arɓe- 26 ndeggondirii gila hitaande 1400 haa 1818), yah-ngartaa jawdi nder Kofol Maayo Niiijer wiyatee ko « eggirɗe » e keewal, woni « eggirgol » e teelo. Ngol fawotoo ko e toɓo e ilam maayo. Ko e hitaande 1821 Diina mo Seeku Aamadu hokki ɗum doosɗe e fawaade diiƴgol durnatnooɓe, kono doosɗe ɗe toɗɗinoo ko leyɗe capanɗe tati (boowe nyaaye), e capanɗe tati juuwɗe to wuro Meru-Jaaka haa to wuro Meru-Debo nder Kofol Maayo Niijeer, nokku mo Fulɓe mbiyata Burgu.
E fawaade e doosɗe durnugol ɗe Diina lelni e teskaade donaaɗi Burgu, jolal jawdi fawii ko e daawe ɗiɗi jahdooje e naatgol maa jaltugol ilam. Ɗeen ngoni :
i. Daawal Ƴeeŋol, ko nde jawdi ƴeeŋtata feewde jeeri Saahal-Farimake (fonngo nano, woni rewo maayo), kam e Seeno Haayre (fonngo nyaamo woni worgo maayo). Teskini e ngal daawal ko jiylagol jawdi alaa haɗde sahaa ndunngu e naatgol ndiyam maayo ;
ii. Ngala daawal ko Degal (tellagol) feewde Kofol Maayo : ko nde ilam ruttata. Degal e hoore mum, ko daawe tati tokoose ceertuɗe : degal e jolol e ƴaaral, daawe pawiiɗe e laabi e jeyi boowe durnirɗe, maa e jeyal e kuutoragol « tolo » (jeyi « gamarawol » biyeteengol Burgu).
Kam fof e noddude gannde lugge peewtuɗe e Gannde Koode, e Gannde Diƴƴe maaje e Diƴƴe Beeli jarnirɗi, yah-ngartaa jawdi ina teskini hitaande fof nder Kofol Maayo Niijeer, teskiniri dille pinal maantinɗe biyateeɗe Ƴaaral to Jaafaraaɓe, Degal to Jalluɓe.
Ɗee dille ɓesngu njappondirii gila e teeminannde XIVɓiire, yonta Diina mo Seeku Aamadu lelnani ɗe doosɗe nder teeminannde XIXɓiire. Ko ɗe dille teeŋtinooje dental e kaɓɓondiral leƴƴi koɗduɗi nder oo nokku (Fulɓe, Dogoŋ’en, Boso’en, Bamanan’en, Soninkooɓe, Rimayɓe, ekn.). Hitaande fof aɗe njuɓɓinee nder diiwaan e boowe durnirɗe jawdi biyateeɗe « leyɗe » e keewal, woni « leydi » e teelo. Dille ɗe ina njogii no innirtee fawaade e nokkuuji e tunnduuji, bayɗe no « Degal, Joltol, Jolol, Lumbal, Fiire, Ƴaaral, Ƴeeŋol ».
Ɗee inɗe fof e seertude e jokkondirde e « leydi » durnirndi, kanyje fof ko ɗe kaɓɓol gootol pinal pawingal e diƴƴe : tellaade e maayo (Degal, Joltol) ; naatde e ndiyam (Jolol, Lumbal, Fiire) ; yaltude ndiyam seeɗe (Ƴaaral) walla ƴeeŋtude haa jeeri (Ƴeeŋol).
Diina Aamadu Seeku fawnoo doosɗe ɗe ko e duttal ndiyam Burgu, e taƴtirɗe maayo capanɗe tati (30) « juude » ɗo « eggirɗe » puɗɗortoo. E nder diiwaan Mooɓti, juude (« juuwde ») ɗe ko ɗee :
Tunndu Teneŋku : Juude 9 ; ina heen Jaafaraaɓe fonngo nano Maayo.
Tunndu Jenne : Juude 9 nder maayo mawngo e calti mum ko wayi no Baani.
Tunndu Mooɓti : Juude 9 ; to Jalluɓe nder maayo mawngo e to Konsa fonngo nyaamo.
Tunndu Yuwaru : Juude 2 fonngo nano maayo, ina heen Walladu.
Nde golle « Office du Niger » puɗɗii, juude (juuwde) Sanari (Meru) woppaama.
Tesko 1 :
« Nyaamo » maa « nano » maayo fawii ko e tiinde waraango ndiyam. Waraango Maayo ummotoo ko sewnde, faya waltunde (ɗo ndiyamm yuppotoo). Sewnde Maayo Niijeer (Joliba) woni ko e kaaƴe Fuuta Jalloŋ, waltunde maggo woni ko nder leydi Niijeriya, hedde Onitsha.
Tesko 2 :
Njuɓɓudi dille ɗe hitaande fof njiydaa, e fawaade « juude » kuutoraaɗe. « Gumbol » ko laawol feewde Konsa (ƴeewee kartal ngal), ɗoon kadi ko nokku pinal jowitiingal e waylooji ndema e durno nder Kofol Maayo Niijeer. Taƴtugol Burgu hitaande 2008-2009 wattata duuɓi 190 tuggude hitaande 1818. Jolol-Burgu hitaande 2009, ko 190ɓiire nder leydi Ururɓe-Duude.
1. GUMBOL FEEWDE KONSA
Gumbol woni ko nder tunndu Mooɓti, 15 km hade yettaade Konsa, hakkunde Konna e Koriyese. Wuro Konsa wonii laamorgo Ururɓe-Duude fotde duuɓi 122. Seraaji Konsa ina woodi boowal durnirgal ngal njaajeendi mum tolnii e 10 km, deedal ngal ilam mum iwrata weendu Debo. Ina ɗoon duuɗe 48 ɗo nayi ndurata « gaarawol », huɗo lollirngo « burgu ».
Ko e lappol « gumbol » seraaji Konsa nayi « cuuɗi baaba » (galleeji Konsa) kam e nayi janani (ummiiɗi Haayre e Seeno-Gonndo e Gumbala, ekn.) ndewata hitaande fof feewde maa ummaade « leydi » duro nayi.
Gila noon eggiyaŋkooɓe ngonti wuraŋkooɓe (« tubal ») nder kitaale 1818, deedal durnirngal Konsa wontii nokku ndema e duro, ɗo jokkondire hakkunde leƴƴi woni huunde tiiɗnde sanne (Fulɓe durnooɓe, Dogoŋ’en, Booso awooɓe, Riimayɓe remooɓe, Maabuɓe sanyooɓe, ekn.).
Aamadu Malal Gey


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Ciftinen seeɗa e
Kabaruuji meɗuɗi wadde e nder lesdi Senegal ñannde 28 Bowte:
28 Bowte hitaande 2017 Saŋkaare Mammadu Tuure, jaagorɗo kiɗo Faggundu e ballal,
O woniino jaagorɗo
Gila e
Tuma duujal htnd 1983 haa Seeɗto htnd 1988.
28 Bowte hitaande 2007 saŋkaare Seriñe Saliw Mbake Kalifa General Murideŋkooɓe.
28 Bowte 2001 ko nden fuɗɗi jewte wirwirgol Leopol Sedar Senghore, hooreejo gaɗano leydi Senegal caŋkiiɗo ñannde 20 Bowte hitaande 2001 to leydi Fransi.
O Iraama ñannde 29 Bowte to Birile Kirici’en Bel-Air e nder Saare Dakaar.
28 Bowte hitaande 1978 waylugol doosngal leydi Senegal
Laatiiɗum,
Anndanngol ɗemɗe ngenndiije jeegom e nder lesdi Senegal
Caggal
Fransiire ɗemngal yamiraangal:
Julaare, Maliŋkeere, Pulaar, Serere, Soniŋkeere, kañe e Wolof ngoni ɗemɗe ngenndiije Senegaliŋkooɓe.
#Bpulaar


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Ooɗoo Aadi bun Saddaadi wonaa Annabi kono o yontidaama e Annabaaɓe etee o ummii ko e Annabi< Ko o neɗɗo maatinniiɗo e oon yonta sanne, so ko Alla jaɓii maa en paam ɗum e ko arata ko, sibu ganndo biyateeɗo Kaaba El-Ahbaari wiyi : “ kanko Saddaadu bun Aadi ko ɓiy Awsi, ɓiy Aram, ɓiy Saam ɓiy Nuuhu, (JKM), laatiima noon ko o keewɗo ɓiɓɓe, ngam wiyaama o dañii ujunnaaje nay ɓiɗɗo, o resii rewɓe ujunere, kanko kadi o wuurii duuɓi ujunere .
Hono saawi wiyi : nde Aadu maaynoo lomtii caggal mum ko ɓiɓɓe mum tato : gadano o woni Saddaadu, ɗimmo oo ko Saddida, tataɓo oo ko Aram. Saddaadu woni afo maɓɓe. E dow ɗuum, ɓe ɗooftii mo e ngoolɗoon lomtogol, Baaba makko. Caggal ɗuum, o waɗti fooɗondirde e laamɓe woɗɓe e nder winndere nder e yonta maɓɓe, o naatani haɓde e maɓɓe, o tafi konuuli kewɗi doole, no laamɗo biyeteeɗo Bakatansar gonnooɗo to Babilon leydi Iraak oo nih. Nde o ƴetti haɓde e maɓɓe, o fooli ko ɓuri heewde e laamɓe wonnooɓe e ɗiin ɗoon nokkuuli e oon yonta, o fooli ɓe, o ƴetti galleeji maɓɓe e jawɗeele maɓɓe. O wonti laamɗo winndere leyɗeele maɓɓe to fuɗnaange mum e hirnaange mum, o tami ɗum ko e nder juuɗe makko. Caggal ɗeeɗoon golwole, Saddaadu ina jogii ujunere jaagorgal, o noddi jaagorɗe makko, o wiyi ɗum en : yo ƴeewan mo haralleeɓe (ingénieurs) wonɓe e nder Aduna oo kala, so ɓe ndañii ɓeen, yo jaagorɗe ɗee njamir ɓeen yo njah njiylanoo mo nokku ɓurɗo yaajdee e ɓurɗo welde henndu e heewde caaɗli ndiyam e nokku ɓurɗo heewde leɗɗe, yo ɓeen haralleeɓe mahan mo ɗoon galle Aljanna ɓurɗo e nder winndere e oon yonta. Jaagorɗe ɗee njahi coorii Aduna ngam yiiloyaade denndaangal haralleeɓe ko aldaa e faltaade, ɓeen ngoni ɓeeɗoo : heeroriiɓe jamɗe, heeroriiɓe leɗɗe ko wayi no lawɓe, heeroriiɓe mahgol, heeroriiɓe mbaylaagu e sakkaagu, e ko nanndi e ɗeen geɗe, ɓe ngoppaani hay meccal gootal goodnongal e oon yonta. Nde ɓeen noddaama ngarii, ɓe mbiyi ɗum en : laamɗo men Saddaaadu wiyi ina yiɗi njahon ƴeeyon ɗo ɓuri welde hoɗde e nder aduna hee, mahanon ɗum ɗoon galle mo hay gooto meeɗaani yiyde e nder winndere ndee ngam yiɗde waɗde ɗum galle aljanna. Haralleeɓe ɓee mbiyi njaɓii. ɓe njahi ngam yiytude nokku ɗo ɗum fotata wonde, haa ɓe ngari e nokku gooto ina ɗo leydi Yeman ina wiyee Adan, oon nokku ina nanndi e sifaa laamɗo oo mo sifii oo, kamɓe fof ɓe kawri ɗoon ina moƴƴi. Ɓe cuɓii mawɗo golle ɗee (chef de chantier), oon hokki yamiroore, o wiyi : ɓee yo njah ngaddoya kaŋŋeeji, ɓee yo njah ngaddoya kaalis gal, ɓee ko kire e jaka ngaddoyta, won e mahooɓe kañum enne, yoo njah ngaddoya muulirɗe tuufeeje e muulirɗe maarbere e ko nanndi e ɗeen geɗe, gooto e maɓɓe fof addii ko yamiranoo yo addu koo.
Kamɓe haralleeɓe ɓee, ɓe ndenti ɓe ngoni e meetaade nokku oo, ɓe mbaɗi ɗum no lobi nay nih, bannge heen fof ko teemedere e noogaas meeteer. Ndeen ɓe ngaynii meetaade, ɓe ngasi ngooroondi tata kaa, ɓe mahiri ngooroondi ndii ko maarbere ɓolo. Nde yahi haa ngooroondi ngoon ɗoon wuro gasi, ɓe pawi heen geɗe goɗɗe ɓurɗe fof yooɗde. Kala ko ɓiy Aadama ina sinkoroo to bannge mahngo, ɗum waɗaama e nder mahdi ndii. So neɗɗo ɓadtiima galle oo ko ina tolnoo e teemedde nay meeteer, ɗum wonata ko e ñilkude e gite mum, alaa ko haali nde neɗɗo oo naati toon. Nde ɓe ngayni mahde, ɓe ngari ɓe kaalani mo, ɓe mbiyi mo : mahgol wuro ngoo e galle laamorɗo oo gasii. Caggal ɗuum, o nodditi jaagorɗe makko laawol ɗimmol , o wiyi ɓe : wonaa oɗon paami kam ko miin woni laamɗo winndere ndee kala ? Ɓe mbiyi mo : eey. O wiyi ɓe, kala wuro wonngo e les njimaandi am e nder winndere hee, njahee ngaddanee kam kaŋŋeeji mum en e kaalisaaji mum en, e hurateeri mum en, ngaddanon mi ɗoo ko yaacci. Jaagorɗe ɗee mbiyi : min njaɓii. Ɓe neli yimɓe e nder gure yo njah ngaddoya cuɗaaje mum en kala. Kamɓe fof ɓe njahi, hay gooto suusaa salaade ndeen ɗoon yamiroore, ɓe ullii e nder gure, ɓe ƴetti kala ko ɓe tawnoo heen e ngalu ɓe ngaddi, ɓe njoowi ɗum e yeeso laamɗo Saddaadu bun Aadu, gila e kaŋŋe e kaalise, kire e jaka, to bannge urateeri ndii kadi ko noon wayi, hay guri ñobbaaɗi ɓe ngoppidaani yimɓe gure ɗee. Nde ɓe ngaddi ɗeenɗoon geɗe fof kadi, laamɗo o wiyi ɓe : kala jom meccal yoo ƴettu ko heerorii koo, liggoo ɗum haa yooɗa, waɗa e dow ko feewni ko maande e nder maande ndee tawa ko innde makko woni heen. Nde ñeeñɓe ɓee nani ɗuum, ɓe mbaɗdi adaa e cuɗaari ndii, gooto fof ƴetti ko waawi golloyaade. Ɓe gollii e nder lebbi jeegom, ɓe ngartiri golleeji maɓɓe, ɓe mbeji ɗum e yeeso makko. O weltii heen no feewi, o anndi ndeke ɓamtaare leydi fawii ko e miijo gardiiɗo ndiin ɗoon leydi, ngam haralleeɓe ɓee peewnanii mo pucci kaŋŋe e gelooɗi kaalis dimo, sakkeeɓe ne peewnanii mo paɗe botuuji guri ina ngallinaa kaŋŋe kaalis, kala jom meccal waɗii ko ɓuri yooɗde e oon ɗoon yonta. Wuro ngoo ɓe mbaɗii e nder mum lowe, ɓe lori heen leɗɗe ñaameteeɗe e uurɗe, e jaayorɗi laamɗo, ɓe kebli ɓiɓɓe rewɓe ɓurɓe yooɗde ngam toppitaade laamɗo Saddaadu bun Aadu, alaa ko waɗaaka e nder wuro ngoo, winndooɓe ɓe mbiyi : wuro ngoo mahaa ko e nder duuɓi teemedde tati, nde ɓe ngayni mahde e heblude wuro ngoo, ɓe kaalani ɗum laamɗo oo. Caggal ɗuum, Saddaadu noddi yimɓe ɓee kala o yamiri ɓe yo ɓe ndus kaake e cuɗaari ngonndi ɗoon ndii fof, ɓe nawa to wuro heso ngoo. Cuɗaari ndii yo ɓe mbaɗ ɗum to nder galle Aljanna oo, ɓe ngoppa ɗoon reenooɓe ngenndi timmuɓe ngam reende cuɗaari ndii ko adii nde ɓe ngarata. Nde ruso ngoo gasi haa laaɓi, kanko laamɗo oo, o tintini Aduna oo fof ko o eggoowo, kono adii yahde to wuro too, ko haralleeɓe ɓee. Caggal ɗuum, o dotti ñalngu nde o eggata. Ndeke ko o heblata eggugol koo fof, tawi Alla toowɗo oo nelii toon Maleyka yo faddoyo ɓe toon ko adii nde ɓe naatata wuro ngoo e galle oo. Laamɗo Saddaadu ummiima kañum e yimɓe mum fof ina payi to wuro heso ngoo, ɓe ummii ɓe eggi ɓe ngari haa naatirde wuro, ɓe tawi ɗoon Maleyka oo ina wonti neɗɗo ina ñaantii haa yooɗi. O falii laamɗo Saddaadu ina wondi e jaagorɗe mum. Maleyka oo fayi e mum, o salmini ɗum, Saddaadu salmitii, o wiyi ɗum : njiɗ-mi ko ndewaa Geno jom yurmeende kañum gooto haadi ngon-ɗaa ko e naatde e wuro maa ngoo. So tawii a jaɓaani mi itta fittaandu maa. Laamɗo Saddaadu heɓɓitii wiyi : aan ko kaalataa koo ko puuyka. Nde o joofnata konngol makko tawi Maleyka o wullii e dow maɓɓe wulaango wooto, kamɓe fof ɓe maayi hay gooto e maɓɓe heddaaki ina wuuri. Ko ɗoo nguurndam laamɗo Saddaadu haaɗi. Ko ɗum tagi fulɓe mbiyi : “ won galle mo neɗɗo mahata ko gaño mum lomtotoo heen ”.
Jibriil Muusaa Joop
Tel : 46 56 51 10/ 22 23 13 19


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Hukuumaaji reento, ɗi sooji’en lesdi Naajeeriya heɓii ardiiɓe hesɓe keenya Mawbaare malla Salaasa. Ɓaawo nde ardiiɓeno hukuumaaji ɗin jippii gila laamuuji maɓɓe. Hukuumaaji keɓɗi ardiiɓe ɓen, kawtii e hooreejo reento leydi, hooreejo sooji’en ndiyam, sooji’en leddi, e kadi sooji’en asaman.
Ardiiɓe hesɓe ɓen, kawtii e Meejo Jeneral Ibrahim Attahiru, ardotooɗo sooji’en leddi. Jaɓuɗo laamu gila Jeneral Tukur Yusuf Buratai. Nden sooji’en asaman boo, ardinanaama, Air Vice Marshall Isiaka Amao, rontuɗo laamu Abubakar Sadique. Kanko boo ardinaaɗo hukuuma sooji’en ndiyam ko, Rear Admiral Awwal Zubairu Gambo. Mo Ibok Ibas, ardiiɗono hukuuma kan, hokki laamu.
Neeɓi nden maa, yimɓe Naajeeriya e toroo hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, Muhammadu Buhari, dow o jippina ardiiɓe hukuumaaji reento leydi ndin. Nde laati gila o ardini-ɓe, ɓaawo o suɓaama laamu nder nduuɓu 2015, ɓe ngaylaaka. Non waɗi, woɓɓe pelata, no ɓe dogginirta ardaangal maɓɓe ngal. Sabu no piiji reento e leydi ndin, nde weeti fuu hallitata.
Bindol: Surajo Teete


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Ɗuum hawri ko e waklitere mbaylaandi (Révolution industrielle) ummoriinde to Laamaandi ndentundi*. Oon sahaa Siin ina uddanii ko heddii e winndere ndee. Ndeen uddaare ina jeyaa, sikke alaa, e ko leefɗini leydi ndii, sibu hawri ko e yonta julyultondiral njulaagu kam e koloñaal.
Ɗuum hawri ko e waklitere mbaylaandi (Révolution industrielle) ummoriinde to Laamaandi ndentundi*. Oon sahaa Siin ina uddanii ko heddii e winndere ndee. Ndeen uddaare ina jeyaa, sikke alaa, e ko leefɗini leydi ndii, sibu hawri ko e yonta julyultondiral njulaagu kam e koloñaal.
Nii woni, caggal nde ndi foolaa e golwole opiyoom, ndi feccaa pecce pecce, heen feccere fof waɗaa e njiimaandi ngootu e konuuji leyɗe hirnaange. Yeru, Almaañ jiimnoo Shanndong, Farayse jiimnoo Yunnan.
Murto anndiraango murto Taiping waɗi e hitaande 1851, kono konuuji Farayse e Biritaan pooli ngo e hitaande 1864. Japon kadi fooli konuuji Siin e wolde adannde hakkunde Siin-e -Japon (1894 – 1895), heɓti duunde Taywaan e duuɗe Pengu. Caggal ɗuum, Laamaandu-ngootiɗndi e Riisi e Japon e Farayse e Almaañ e Belsik njiirondiri ko heddinoo koo, gooto heen fof yaajtini njiimaandi mum.
Ko nder ɗee caɗeele teeŋtuɗe waklitere ummii e hitaande 1911. Ardii nde ko jannguɓe e hoohooɓe politik ɓe miijooji jahruɗi yeeso ; ɗum yuumti e cosgol Ndenndaandi Siin e hitaande 1912 e gardagol Sun Yat-sen gardinooɗo parti ngenndiijo biyeteeɗo Kuomintang. Kono haɗaani leydi ndii naattude e iiñcuru e hitaande 1916…
Heerto Maruceewo Siin sosaa to Changhai e hitaande 1921. Sun Yat-sen mo seeraano e ɗaɓɓirde Dental Sowiyet ballal, sosi, e hitaande 1923 to Kanton (Canton) Duɗal konu Huangpu, potngal heblude konu Siin kesu, ardini ngal Canngaay Cek (Tchang Kai-chek). Nde Sun Yat-sen sankii e hitaande 1925, Canngaay Cek ummanii heɓtude rewo leydi ndii e juuɗe laamuyon koninkooɓe, o waɗi wuro Nankin ngoo laamorgo makko. Ko ndeen kadi o taƴondiri e maruceeɓe (koministe) en ɓe o wallondirtunoo, o neli konu makko njani e mum en, moññi ɗum en to Shanghai. Ɗoo wolde ɓesngu fuɗɗii. O heɓti Wuhan, laamorgo maruceeɓe e hitaande 1928. Winndere ndee heɓtini laamu makko, laamu Kuomintang e dow Siin.
E hitaande 1931 Maawoo Tsee Tung sosi Ndenndaandi Sowiyet Siin, kono, e hitaande 1934, konuuji Canngaay Cek ƴooñi kominist en. Ɓeen ƴirɓani rewo, woni ko anndiraa Lappol juutngol (Longue marche), sibu ko 12000 kiloomeeteer ɓe njahri koyɗe. Ko 100 000 neɗɗo, tawi heen 86 000 ko koninkooɓe Konu mboɗeewu (woni konu Maawoo en). Lappol ngol fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 15 oktoobar 1934, ngol joofi ko ñalnde 19 oktoobar 1935. Ko ɗoo Maawoo jaɓanaa e nder Heerto maruceewo, wonti koowoowo maɓɓe.
E hitaande 1937 konu Japon yani e Siin. Ɗum addi wolde ɗiɗmere Siin-Japon. Ndeen Canngaay Cek faayii hoore mum, o ruttitii e kominist en ngam wallondirde e mum en haɓde e Japon. Caggal nde hare ndee wonti wootere, Siin waɗti hiiseede e doole jeyaaɗe e wolde ɗiɗmere winndere, Dental dowlaaji Amerik walliti no feewi Kuomintang ngam haɓtaade Japon, kala nanondire ɗe mbaawraano ɗe Ameriknaaɓe e Biritaannaaɓe njogodinoo e Siin ngittaa. Batu Yalta yamiri Dental Sowiyet, fawaade e jaɓgol Heero maruceewo Siin, yo yaltin konu Japon e nokku biyeteeɗo Mandchourie oo. Kono balle Amerik alaa ko nafti, ɗe ndartinaa e hitaande 1947.
Maawoo, gila sompi Ndenndaandi Sowiyet Siin, haa teeŋti noon caggal Lappol juutngol, naatni miijo heso to bannge peeje waklitere foti tuugaade haa heɓta laamu. Piɓle Marx-Lenin gaadanteeje tuugii ko e baklitte ubriyeeji nder cahe teeru. Maawoo noon, e fawaade e hujja wonde ko remooɓe ɓuri heewde e leydi Siin, tee miijanteendi ubriyeeji ƴellitaaki ɗoon no feewi, wiyi wonde waklitere fuɗɗortoo ko dowri, faya e teeru (Dowri uddata gure teeru). Nii woni ɓe puɗɗorii ko mbayliigu remru e yuɓɓinde remooɓe e waɗde hare betel. E saawiyee 1949 tawi ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe leydi ndii nootiima e dillere maɓɓe; ɗuum waɗi Konu mboɗeewu, nde heɓtata Pekin ndee, hay gooto dartaaki ɗum, woni waɗaani hare. Hakkunde abriil e noowammbar 1949 kominist en keɓti ko ɓurnoo heewde e gure leydi ndii tawi kaɓaaka boom.
Bookara Aamadu Bah
Ƴoogirde : wikipédia
Wolde Opiyoom. Wonaa wolde wootere, ko golwole keewɗe. Ko ɗe golwole njulaagu hakkunde laamu Siin e yonta Shin en (Qing), yiɗnooɓe haɗde njulaagu Opiyoom (ɗeɓi waade ko no siro huɗo ..) sabu mum batte mum e neɗɗo, e leyɗe hirnaange njiɗnooɗe jokkude nguun njulaagu. Wolde adannde ndee (1839 haa 1842) ko hakkunde Siin e Laamaandi Ngootiɗndi. Wolde ɗiɗmere ndee (1856 haa 1860) ko hakkunde Farayse e Dental Dowlaaji Amerik e Riisi wondunooɓe e Laamaandi Ngootiɗndi e leydi Siin.
Tata mawka Siin. Tata mawka (e sinuwaa koybinaaɗo : 长城, woni ɓalal juutngal) ko mahateeri konu, woni tataaji baɗiraaɗi hanndaande e reende keerol rewo Siin. Ɗe kelaama e cili keewɗi, ɗe mahtaa hakkunde teem 3ɓiire hade Iisaa e teem 17ɓiire caggal Iisaa. Kayri woni mahateeri ɓurndi mawnude ndi aadee meeɗi mahde, yo won to bannge njuuteendi walla njaajeendi, tooweeki e tekkeendi e ñiso.


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E seppo partiiji luulndo njuɓɓinnoo ñalnde aset 16 desaambar 2017, polis jaggii heen sukaaɓe njeeɗiɗo, sabu, e wiyde maɓɓe, mbeeynii darapoo Muritani adan. Ndeen ɓe nanngii ɓe, ɓe nawi ɓe janngo mum to ñaawoowo potɗo toppitaade ɗuum oo. Oon wiyi ɓe « alaa doosgal sariya woodi ko faati e ɗuum ». Hawrunoo ko e ñalɗi fooftere, ɓe nduttini ɓe polis, ɓe uddi ɓe, haa ñalnde altine 18, ɓe ngartiri ɓe to ñaawoowo oo, oon wiyi ɓe alaa ko sariya Muritani haali e beeynugol darapoo ɓooyɗo, waawaa nanngude ɓe.
Ɓe ngartiri ɓe e ñaawoowo oo ñalnde talaata 19/12/2017 subaka (ine sikkaa tawi oon heɓii yamiroore…), kono ko maa kikiiɗe nde ɓe kaali ko ɓe njooɓtorii ɓe koo, « so waɗde dille e luulndaade laamu », ɓe ngoppi oya hujaa, sibu hay dara firtaani.
Ɗuum addani Alasan Jah, mawɗo Tuuspaa (Touche pas à ma nationalité) wiyde : « baylugol haala ngol ina hollita wonde ɓe njaggiraa ko wonde ɓe terɗe pelle renndo, kono wonaa sabu won ko ɓe mbaɗi ».
Ɗo yahanoo artaa fof, ɓe ñaawaama ñalnde alkamiisa 21 desaambar, ɓe pawaa kuugal yowre kasoo lebbi tati (so ɓe mbaɗtii hono ko ɓe njooɓtoraa koo ɗoo e lebbi tati, ɓe cokee). Nii woni ɓe ngoppitaa. Kono ɓe kaɗaama wellitaare balɗe joy e dow daliilu mo rewaani laawol. Ko ɗuum woni miijo Gurmo Loh, karallo ko faati e sariya. E hello makko Facebook, o winndii heen :
“ Mbele jaggirde yimɓe sabu darapoo ina rewi laawol ? ”
Ina yaakoranoo leydi ndii fayi ko e hareyel darapooji, hakkunde ‘’kiiɗɗo’’ oo e ‘’keso’’ oo : feccude ɓesngu e huunde fof e banngeeji fof, ellee jeyaa ko tuugnorgal dowrowal ardiiɓe en ɓee. Jaggugol sukaaɓe njeeɗiɗo e seppo sakkitiingo ngoo, moolanaango ngo luulndo demokarasiiwo yuɓɓinnoo, jeyaa ko cokoraagal laamu nguu adorii waɗde ngal. Ko jaɓɓugol muukingol laawol sariya, sibu gaa-gaa anndude mbele “ darapoo keso ” oo (oolo-haako ñebbe- boɗeejo) ina dagii walla alaa, adii tawo ko anndude mbele ƴettugol makko ina addana “ ɓooyde oo ” (haako ñebbe e oolo) harmude. Ina wayi no ko noon sarwisaaji toppitiiɗi kisal (polis…) paamiri ɗuum sabu mum en jaggude seppatnooɓe, nder seppo mum en, sabu tan mbeeynii araaraay haako-ñebbe e oolo. Ɗumɗoo ko juumre bonnde sibu ko mahateeje buur tan waɗɗii ɗisde darapoo leydi walla ndeen gollooɓe laamu salminooɓe ɗum.
So ɓennii ɓeen, ɓiɗɗo leydi kala, yo won e dental walla teelal, ina jogii wellitaare e hakke weeynude e ɗisde araaraay belɗo ɗum. Aɓe njogii hay hakke ñiŋde darapoo laawɗinaaɗo oo e sakkitde darapoo goɗɗo. Haa teeŋti noon e partiiji politik, sibu eɗi njogii hakke jogaade araaraayuuji majji keeriiɗi e weeynude ɗi so eɗi cokli. Ko ɗum waɗi ko ɓee sukaaɓe nanngiraa koo rewaani laawol. So wonaa tawa noon sariya cuuɗiiɗo ina woodi karminoowo darapoo ɓooyɗo oo. ”
Wonande keedoowo ñawaaɓe ɓee, hono Muhammed Mahmuud wul Lemmaat, “ ɗumɗoo ko huunde nde jaɓotaako, sibu ñaawoore ndee alaa hakke waylude ko ɓe takkiranoo koo, e takkude ɓe huunde nde woodaani. ” E wiyde makko “laamu nguu yiɗi ko hulɓinde luulndo ngoo, kono ngu waawaa “.
Ɗum noon banndiraaɓe, so tawii polis ina waawi takkude yimɓe ko welaa fof, nganndee hay gooto koy hisaani e tooñnnge. Yo Alla heed hakkunde men e fepindtooɓe.
Bookara Aamadu Bah


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ham to hain raahi dil ke pahunchenge rukate-chalate manzil hai kisako pyaari ho are ham to man ke raaja raaja ki chali savaari -2 ho suno zara ham to hain raahi ... ham do alabele hain saari duniya se jhele hain apane to sapane laakhon kahane ko akele hain are sabaka bojha lei ke chalti hai apni laari are ho suno zara ham to hain raahi ... jab tak chalte jaaye sabka dil ho apnaaye jab roye koi duja naina apne chhalak aaye pyaare kaam aaegi sun taaza baat hamaari are ho suno zara ham to hain raahi ... hare hare shankar jay shiv shankar bhushan vallabh jay maheshvar pandit mulla daanten par ham sabka dukh baante saare hain apne pyaare bolo kiska gala kaate raamu ya ramjaani apni to sabse yaari are o suno zara ham to hain raahi ...Tweet


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Hol ko urmbiti haala ? Urmbiti ka ko haala Eli wul Muhammed Faal e rajo keso biyeteeɗo Muritanid ñalnde aset 2 suwee 2012. Ɗoon e ɗoon, woodi heɓɓiiɓe haala makko, mbiyi o yeddii wonde Muritaninaaɓe taccinaama e hitaande 1989. Ɓe mbiyi o wiyii « hay ɓaleejo gooto taccinaaka… ». Ko ɗumɗoo woni ko urmbiti haala. Wiyde « ɓaleeɓe taccinaaka »
tawi noon hay Maawiya e hoore mum yahiino haa wiyi « jiɗɗo fof yo artu », ina foti mettude yimɓe fof sibu, kaan haala diwtaama ko ɓooyi, gila nde Maawiya haali konngol mbiy-ɗen ngol, caggal ɗum Siidi wul Sheek Abdallaahi felliti artirde ɓe, Abdel Asiis ari, jokki ngool gartirgol…
Woodii winnduɓe, ceyfiti ko wiyaa Eli wiyii koo, ɓeydi heen « ɗum haawaani min e Eli, sibu nde o laamii ndee, kala nde haala taccinaaɓe haalaa, o naatat fitina : ɗum waɗii to Sehilbaabi, ɗum waɗii to Kayhayɗi … o yahii haa o wiyi ɓeen ko ‘Tarza’ en ».
Woodi wiyɓe cikkaani so Eli ina wiya noon, sibu « omo selli, o suwaa haangeede », yiɗde wiyde tan, o waawaa yeddude huunde nde aduna fof anndi. Woodi wiyɓe kadi « en njeɗaaka », nangtii e ko wiyaa Eli haalii koo, njuɓɓuni seppooji ngam seyfitde Eli. Ɓeeɗoo wattindiiɓe noon, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko ɓaleeɓe satiiɓe laamu nguu, wondunooɓe e Maawiya hanki. Ko ɓeeɗoo woni ɓe jaayɗe inniri « tukuloor UPR en ».
Balɗe nay haa njahdi e naange, ko kaan haala tan haaletee. Ko ñalnde 6 suwee Eli winndi bayyinaango, ina yedda ko wiyaa wiyii koo. E wiyde makko « jeeyngal jaajngal bonnitoowal nana waɗee e am e ɗeeɗoo balɗe fof. Mi takkaama haala ka mi meeɗaa haalde, njowitiika e kewkewe muusɗe baɗnooɗe e leydi men e hakkunde Senegaal e Muritani. Jaabtawol am naamne rajo Muritanid naamninoo-mi ina laaɓti cer, tee ina mooftaa, ina mbaawii heɗteede. Won welaaɓe bonnitde haala am ». O jokki « won welaaɓe mawninde naamnal jaaynoowo oo, ngoppi jaabawol am. Yimɓe anndiraaɓe fentude penaale pepindii jaabawol ngol jotondiraani hay dara e haala am ». « E nder yeewtere hee, jaaynoowo oo heɓii naamndaade mi, walla wiyde ‘’ɗum noon artiraaɓe ɓee ngonaa Muritaninaaɓe ?’’ Njaabii-mi ‘’pot-ɗaa naamnaade ɗum ko artirɓe ɓeen renndaaɓe ngenndi’’. Ɓeydu-mi heen konngol joopingol lor aadeejo mo ñawndaaka (passif humanitaire), kollit-mi ko heen geɗel gootel toɗɗinoo polis mo ngardinoo-mi e oon sahaa, sibu am wonnoode Gardo Kuuftodinɗo Kisal : ngeel geɗel wonnoo anket (cunnagol) nasiyonaalitee. E ooɗoo fannu, wiɗtooji ceeɓɗi mbaɗaama, tawi ko dewɗi laawol, ngam yiytude Senegaalnaaɓe, nawtaaɓe leydi mum en caggal ɗuum ». O jokki « Miɗo waawi faamde haala neɗɗo haalnoo e saloŋ walla e ka haaldunoo e neɗɗo teelɗuɗo, waklitee, kono ko haalaa e rajo kay ina waawi heɗteede. Jokkude e wiyde ina haalna neɗɗo ko haalaani, ko ŋakkeende nuunɗal mawnde.
Miɗo ñaagoo rajo ‘Muritanid FM’ nde yaltinde yeewtere ndee laawol goɗngol, tawa ina fira ɗum e Farayse e ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee. Ko noon kadi, Tele e rajo Muritani jokkunooɓe e ɗee golle ayiiba, poti waɗde…. » Ko noon kadi Eli ɗaɓɓiri denndaangal yimɓe, ɓe kaaɗoo haala ndottaaka muusnoo, yo keɗto haala kaa to rajo Muritanid. E oon sahaa, e wiyde makko « ma en paam hol to ngalɗoo jeeyngal jaasngal ummorii. Alaa toon ne so wonaa e yimɓe woowɓe waɗde geɗe jaasɗe. Ɓeen yimɓe woowɓe ƴettude fenaande ngostoroo ngoonga, ƴettuɓe murto neɗɗo, mbiya ɗum ‘peewnitgol’, ƴettuɓe kuudetaa, mbaɗti ɗum kisnugol demokaraasi, ɓeen yaɓɓooɓe ko aldaa e gacce denndaangal doosɗe leydi paatuɗe e juɓɓule e mbaawkaaji ñaawoore e carɗinooje. Ɗum waawi ummoraade tan ko e laamu mbemjungu, njiñiingu e caɗeele, ina wumbiloo no gumɗo nii. Faayndaare maggu ko yiiltude hakkillaaji yimɓe e aawde e mum en ngañgu e kusumma hakkunde leƴƴi, sikkude ɗuum ina waawi yaltinde ngu e caɗeele ngu wondi hannde ɗee. »
Haa hannde ko Eli haalata « So artii e manifeste du négro mauritanien », golle polis kaaɗnoo ko e waɗde anket, yiytude winndunooɓe ɓee e waɗtude ɗum en e juuɗe ñaawoore. Ko kewi caggal ɗuum fof, alaa ko polis anndi heen ».
« So artii e geɗe kewnooɗe caggal enndugol kuudetaa leñol baɗnongol e kitaale 90 e batte mum e nder Konu, miɗo siftina wonde ɗum naworaani mi hay huunde, sibu ko mi ɓoorinooɗo denndaangal ko kalfinanoo-mi e konu hee gila e hitaande 1985 ».
Ɗum noon, banndiraaɓe, ina laaɓti : e wiyde Eli, ko laamu Abdel Asiis woni caggal « bonnitgol haala makko ». Enen noon, eɗen teskii, gila Eli feeñnikinii e luulndo hee, laamu nguu ko ko laawanii mo. Seppooji « ɓaleeɓe » wonduɓe e laamu nguu, hono « tukuloor UPR en », ko seede majjum. Ɓe cosi ko ‘initiatiɓe’ (inisiyatiif, ko goomuuji heewnooɗi sompeede ngam hollitde ina wondi e Maawiya) tawi alaa ko woni faandaare mum so wonaa ‘luulndaade haala Eli kaa’. Ɓe ceppi, ɓe mbinndi ngam ‘hollitde mette maɓɓe e haala Eli kaa’.
Ɓe mbiyi ‘inisiyatiif’ maɓɓe oo ko nokku diisondiral e ndeenka, mo alaa ko woni faandaare mum so wonaa « daranaade ɓure renndo men ». Addani ɓe sosde mo ko ‘haala Eli mbattindiika kaa’. E wiyde maɓɓe « hooreejo leydi ɓooyɗo oo yedditiima Muritaninaagal taccinanooɓe e hitaande 1989 ». Ɗum addanta ɓe naamnaade mo : « hol ko saabii sahaa e sahaa kala, Eli ina welee duppude suudu men, hono Muritani ? … Hol ko o yiɗi ? … ». Ɓe njaabtii « Eli yiɗi ko felɓondirde leƴƴi leydi men, e addude jiiɓru hakkunde Muritaninaaɓe ». Bayyinaango ngoo ko kelle ɗiɗi, heen hello ko aybinde Eli tan.
Caggal nde ɓeeɗoo mbinndi, heewɓe mbiyi e maɓɓe hoo ! Woodi winnduɓe ngam naamndaade ɓe, hol to ngonnoo ɗii duuɓi kala, to ɓe ngonnoo nde haala binndital haaletee ? To ɓe ngonnoo nde Lamin Manngaan waraa ? Woodi siftinɓe ɗanngal huunde e maɓɓe, duuɓi jeenay jooni (oktoobar 2003), to Biriksel, ɗo ɓe mbiynoo « Maawiya waraani hay gooto, taccinaani hay gooto ». Ɓe mbiyi Eli yettaaki ɗoo ! Ɓe mbiyi « seppo ngoo fotnoo faade ko galle Bookara Sule, wonaa galle Eli ». Ɓe ciftini wonde addunoo mo Biriksel ko yaltinde wullitaango AƁOMM joɗɗinnoo to ñaawoore, ngam ɗaɓɓude « ñaawgol wul Taaya ». Yanti heen, « hecci hanki tan, e woote 2009, kanko waɗantunoo Eli kampaañ ».
Kono, ɓuri bonde e ɓeeɗoo ɓaleeɓe ko winndannde feeñnde e jaaynde wiyeteende l’Authentique Quotidien, ɗo min cuɓtanii on, min pirani on, huunde e taƴe : « … ɓee ɓaleeɓe, inniraaɓe ‘tukuloor UPR en’ potnoo ko muɓɓaade, sabu gacce. Sibu ko kamɓe njeeyi ndimaagu leñol maɓɓe ngam yiɗde ñaamde e wonde ». « Nde ɓe njaɓi feeñnikinaade e yeeso yimɓe kala, ɓe njaɓi huutorireede niiyene, ɓe ceppi, aɓe turi geeni, ngardini deedi, … ɓe ladi, ɓe porti daaɗe, liifti ɗemɗe, ngam yiylaade ɓurɗo waawde yoɓde »… « ɓe ɗeɗɗi gacce, moomii koyeera … yiylaade hoomtude ɓaleeɓe e naatnude ɗum en e hare nde himmanaani ɗum en. Sibu haala Eli hannde kaa, ko hare hakkunde koninkooɓe, ɓe nganndu-ɗaa kadi ko denɗiraaɓe ». « … Won e maɓɓe, wuurtaaɓe e Eli, mbaɗiino ɓaleeɓe ko ɓuri ko ɓe njooɓtortoo Eli koo, bonde. Yimɓe fof ina ciftora haala maɓɓe 89, ellee ko hanki tan, to rajo e tele Muritani walla e meetiŋaaji … nde ɓe mbiyata taccinaaɓe ɓee kala ko Sengaalnaaɓe… Won e maɓɓe kadi ina njeyaa e fuɗɗunooɓe sariya yaafuya 1993. Won e maɓɓe alaa ɗo keddunoo e winndere ndee ngam jaɓnude leyɗe goɗɗe wonde 89 kaaleteeɗo oo meeɗaa waɗde e Muritani, hay gooto meeɗaa wareede ɗoo, njiyaagu woodaani, leepte ngalaa, hakkeeji njaɓɓaaka, alaa kaɗaaɗo, alaa keedaaɗo. Njilluuji maɓɓe to Bañnjul, Wiyen, Seneef, Durban, Pari, New York hay gooto yejjitaani. Hay gooto kadi yejjitaani mukke Biriksel… ». « …ɓeeɗoo tukuloor UPR en ngonnoo hanki e PPM e SEM e PRDS e CMJD e ADIL e HCE. »
Eli noon, urmbit haala tan, kono ka meeɗaa deƴƴeede. Tuggi 89 faade hannde, loranooɓe e ngenndiyankooɓe tigi rigi ɓee, meeɗaa deƴƴude. Ɓe ceeraani e ɗaɓɓude nde wiɗto waɗetee haa anndee hol waɗnooɓe bone, hol taccinnooɓe, hol warnooɓe. Ɓe meeɗaa seerde e ɗaɓɓude nde ɓeen ñaawetee so nganndaama. Ɓe meeɗaa seerde e ɗaɓɓude nde baayeeji kolletee gaññeeje baabiraaɓe mum en to keedti. Haala hannde kaa tiindini ko geɗel gootel : so laaɓal waɗaaka, nuunɗal rewaaka, haa cay haala kaa ñifataa. No wiyretee nii tan « koyngal e leydi, mboddi leydi, kawraani hikka hawra mo wuuri ».
Politikaaji suuɗo suuɗoondu nafataa, yontii nde anndetee hol waɗnooɓe bone, mbele ñaawee ; anndee kadi ɓe mbaɗaano hay huunde ngoppee ndeeƴa. Kono ɓuri yontude fof, ko ittude ngee tooñannge e mumtannde baayeeji gonɗi mum en….
Muttaar


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Haayre weeyo mawnde ina inniraa Didymos B ina hulanaa buɓɓaade e Leydi men hee ɗoo e duuɓi garooji ɗii. Ko goonga nii enen aadee en, haa teeŋti noon e annduɓe ko faati e weeyo, en meeɗaa seertude e kulol wonde haayre mawnde ummoriinde e weeyo ina waawi yande e men, fusa leydi men. Sahaa e sahaa kala ko wayi noon ina raadtee e nder goomuuji annduɓe wiɗtooɓe geɗe weeyo. Kono heen laawol kala « Alla ina daɗnda en e oon musiiba cooynanooɗo ».
Kono, ɗuum ittnaani en kulol, sibu won geɗe kewooje kollooje baɗte majjum kulɓiniiɗe : yeru, ñalnde 15 feebariyee 2013, haayre mawnde nde hakkundol mum tolnii e meeteruuji 15, kalitii dow wuro wooto to Riisi haa fotde 1 000 neɗɗo ngaañii heen, tawi gaañi ɗum ko keletine weeruuji kelɗi sabu dille kalito ngoo. Yeruuji goɗɗi ina ngoodi…
Ko ɗuum addani NASA ummanaade sakkande nde haayre feere, sibu so nde buɓɓiima e Leydi men hee, ande waawi bonnude ko heewi. Ko ñalnde aljumaa 30 suwee 2017 huunde e ndeen feere saaktaa. Nde inniraa ko lappol (miisiyoŋ) DART (Double Asteroid Redirection Test : “hoolkiso kaytingol haayre weeyo laabi ɗiɗi”). Feere ndee jogori siynoyeede ko e hitaande 2022 (ɗoo e duuɓi 5). Feere ndee ko selnude haayre hulaande ina jogori yande e men ndee, bolol mum (haytinde nde) mbele ande woora Leydi men. Ngool wonata go’o ko annduɓe na koolkisoo feere ɗaɗndoore en e musiiba weeyo baaɗo nii, woni so haayre weeyo happaanii yande e men.
E sahaa mo njahraten hannde oo, ko ina ɓura 90% e kaaƴe mawɗe (woni ɗe hakkundol mum seɓi kiloomeeteer) keɓtinaama, njanngaama, tee hay wootere e mum en alanaa en tanaa e nder teeminanɗe garooje ɗee. Ɓuri wonde caɗeele annduɓe hannde, ko kaaƴe ɗe hakkundol mum en jaasi kiloomeeteer kono seɓi 140 m, sibu ko nayaɓal e majje tan nganndanaa huunde, ndaa bonannde majje ina mawni no feewi, sibu, e wiyde annduɓe ɓee « tuggude e oo tolno, kala ɗo haayre ndee yani, semmbe mum ina waawi boomde leydi ngootiri noo wooruunoo » (leydi ɗoo, yeru Siin ekn, en potndaani e koye men !). Ɗuum woni ko ganndo biyeteeɗo Patrick Michel gardo wiɗto to CNRS haali.
Peeje tati ine ngoodi ngam ruppaade oo musiiba.
Feere adannde ko kalitinde sara haayre ndee aaludere nikleyeere (ogive nucléaire) ngam haytinde nde. Kono ndee feere ina soomi tanaa, sibu kaletine kalito ngoo e hoye mum en ina mbaawi yande e men. Moƴƴaani waɗde.
Feere ɗiɗmere ndee, ko neldude sara haayre ndee njowiitiikon (satellites) mbele fooɗo mum en ina kaytina nde. Saɗeende ndee feere ko ina naamndii lajal juutngal, nde nafataa so tawii tanaa oo ñoosiima.
Feere tataɓere ndee ɓurdi keddiiɗe ɗee ko waawde siyneede e ko yaaccii tee alaa batte cawndiiɗe bonɗe e men. Ndeen feere woni misiyoŋ DART.
E hitaande 2020, maa NASA werlo pelmotooka (impacteur) ka ñiso mum tolnii e 300 kg ngam tawtoyde, e nder lebbi 18, kaaƴe ɗiɗi weeyo jirlondirooje (wootere heen kala ine yirloo woɗnde ndee), miijaaɗe ina coomani en tanaa. Ɓurnde mawnude ndee, hono Didymos A, hakkundol mum ko 800 m. Lewru mayre inniraandu Didymoon (Didymos B), hakkundol mum ko 170 m; ko kayru toɓɓaa. So DART yettiima, njaaweeki mum ina yahra e 6 km/leƴƴannde, ko e Didymoon fuɓɓotoo, ngam waylude njaaweeki mum e haytinde ɗum. Ko ɗuum wonnoo eɓɓaande adannde ndee, kono leyɗe 22 jeyaaɗe e ESA ɗee kawraani e haala, sibu njaru majjum ina heewi doole (hedde 200 miliyoŋ oroo). Ko ɗuum addani annduɓe ɓee heblude lappol goɗngol, ngam etaade ustude njaru nguu rewrude e ustugol kaɓirɗe ɗee, potngol holliteede e hitaande 2019, mbele DART ina waawa werleede 2022 walla 2024.
Bookara Aamadu Bah
*NASA : (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) woni Njuɓɓudi Ngenndiiri Aeronotik e Weeyo dowla Amerik (nokku toppitiiɗo weeyo).