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Fulfulde
Fulfulde walla pulaar maa pular ko ɗemngal Fulɓe e Haalpulaar'en. Ɗemngal ngal no haalee e leyɗe keewɗe e Afirik. Haalooɓe fulfulde-pulaar ina kawra miliyonji 60 haa 80. Ɗemngal ngal ina jeyaa e suudu ɗemɗe Hiirnaange Atlantik, taweteendu kanyum duu e nder suudu ɗemɗe afirikankeeje ɓurndu yaajude wi'eteendu Niiser-Konngo. Ɗemɗe goɗɗe jeyaaɗe e ndun suudu ngoni: ce'aar (ɗemngal seereero) e njolfo. E ɗeen ɗiɗi ko seereero ɓuri ɓadondirde e pulaar.
Caltuɗe[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]
1. Caltuɗe: Ko ɓuri heewde koo, pulaar ina feccee waɗee caltuɗe jowi mawɗe kawrooje e dawlaaji Fulɓe taariikayankooji (dawlaaji Fulɓe adiiɗi laamu kolonaaku). Kannje ngoni:
Pulaar Fuuta Tooro (no gasa ko e ngal diiwal ɗemngal ngal yalti), leydi Senegal Pular Fuuta Jaloo, leydi Gine, Fulfulde Maasina, leydi Maali, Fulfulde Liptaako, leydi Burkinaa Faso, Fulfulde Adamawa, leydi Niiseriya e Kamarun. Feccoore go'o no waawa wonirde nii:
- Pular Fuuta Jaloo (Gine, Sarliyon, e Gine-Bisaawo)
- Pulaar Fuuta Tooro Senegaal, Muritani, e Maali hiirnaange
- Pulaar Firdu (maa Fulaadu maa Fulakunnda)
- Fulfulde Maasina (ana wiyee "Maasinaŋkoore" ; Maali)
- Fulfulde Liptaako (Burkina Faso)
- Fulfulde Borgu (Benen e Togo)
- Fulfulde Hakkundeeri Najeeriya (laamu Usmaani Ɓii Fooduyee, wano Sokoto)
- Fulfulde Adamaawa (ana wiyee "Adamawaare" ; Naajeeriya e Kamarun e Caadi e Suudan e Afirka Cakaari)
Ko ɓuri kon e Fulfule ɗen hino humii e gootal e diiwe limtaaɗe ɗoo, e piide misal si en ƴettii Fulfulde Bagirmi, ɗum ko leydi e nder Caad, ko e Adamaawankoore nden jeyaa. Fulfulde Funnaange Niijer ko e Fulfulde Hakkundeeri Najeeriya ɓuri jeydude, Fulfulde Hiirnaange Niijer ko e Liptaakuure e Maasinankoore jeyaa.
So en teskiima, ma en taw ina heddii fahin caltuɗe ɗalaaɗe hono pulaar Fulaadu (ɓaleeri Senegal e Gammbiya), Fulfulde Borgu e nder leydi Benen, fulfulde diiwaanuuji hakkunde Naajeeriya. Kono ɗeen pulfule na ɓadii goɗɗe e ɗee ɗe adi-ɗen limtude yeru Borgu no ɓadondiri e Maasina, Fulaadu no nanndi e Fuuta Tooro no nanndi e Fuuta Jaloo, e maanaa no hakkunde maa fulfulde Caad walla Sudan ko e Adamawa jeydi.
Alkule[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]
Alkule lateŋ[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]
2. Alkule: gila teemedannde sappo e jeetataɓere nden, pulaar-fulfulde no winndiree alkule aarabe. Haa hannde no fellitaa wonnde e leyɗe goɗɗe yeru Fuuta Jaloo maa Adamawa Fulɓe ko alkule aarabe ɓuri doolnoraade. Kono gila hitaande 1966 bensondiral Bamako ngal fewjanno ɗemngal ngal mbinndudi tuugiindi e abajada laten. Ndiin mbinndudi inndiraa abajada UNESCO maa alkule UNESCO. Alkule mayri ngoni:
a,b,mb,ɓ,c,d,nd,ɗ,e,f,g,ng,h,i,j,nj,k,l,m,n,ŋ,ñ(ny),o,p,q,r,s,t,u,w,x,y,ƴ,z
Sincugol ndiin mbinndudi ponndaandi haɗaali faa jooni Fulɓe ndonka fottude e alkule yogaaje, e fiide misal Haal-Pulaar'en senegal wo ñ mbinndirta alkulal ny. Fulɓe Mali e Gine nii mbinndirta ɗum: ɲ. Kadi lurre ina ngoodi to baŋŋe winndugol alkule denndaaɗe (renndaaɗe) yeru ŋg (hade ng), ɗum e wonnde ndin mbinndudi yamiranooka to bensondiral Bamako. Winndooɓe Gine woɓɓe mbinndan nb hade mb jamiraaɗo Bamako oo.
Adlam[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]
ko Alkule ɗe heewɓe Fulɓe mbinndirta jooni e nder leyɗeele keewɗe e nder duunde Afrik lutti [Seneggal] e [Moritani]. Iɗi pentaa ko [Gine] hitaande 1989 iwde e Abdoulaay e Ibaraahiima Bari; caggal yiyugol heewɓe ina luuri e binndugol [Pulaar] ngol. Alkule ɗeen ko 28 alkulal wondude nayi goɗɗi denndinaaɗi hono n'g, n'j, n'b, n'd. iɗi tawee e leydeele hono Gine, Kameruun, Sudan, Caad, Niger, Nigeria...
"Pulaar/fulfulde ko ɗemngal maanaa, woni ɗemngal keeringal to bannge innude geɗe e rokkude ɗumʼen maanaa. Paygol maggal ina fawii he toɓɓe keewɗe, ko wayi no heewde alkule e mbaadi pirligol golle e firo kelmeendi…
Alkule : pulaar/fulfulde ɓuri heewde alkule e farayse e arab e enngele… (33 alkulal). Won alkule ɗe ɗemngal ngal jogii weeɓaani tawde he ɗemɗe goɗɗe, ko wayi no alkule ɗ, ƴ, ŋ…
Pirlitgol golle : pulaar fulfulde ina jogii lomto gollooɓe 7ɗo so en limtii heen lomto golloowo naattinoowo : enen, ko noon ne so en ƴeewii gollal jogorngal, to bannge sahaa, angal firlitiree he mbaadiiji keewɗi : maa o ar, omo ara, o arat, o aroyat, o aratno, o aratnoo…
Firo kelme : kelmeendi pulaar/fulfulde ina heerorii fayde mum, cañki pulaar fulfulde ina ɗelñira karallaagal timmungal e ñeeñal baydungal : ina holla en ɗuum mahdi helmere pulaar
- Pelle inɗe : ɗemngal ngal ina jogii pelle inɗe hedde 20 tawi heen fedde kala ina jogii hattan kaawniiɗo ngam sifaade innde toɗɗii nde. En njuutnotaako ɗoon sabu ɗuum ɓooyii yimeede
- Ceekirɗe : ɗoon ne kadi en njuutnotaako sabu jooni kala janngoowo ɗemngal ngal anndii wonde e nder helmere wootere eɗen mbaawi dañde ceekirɗe keewɗe haa helmere nde metta wowlude yeru : naftondiroyde, walla jiiɓoo wowlude jiiɓoo faamde, yeru : ɓamtinondiriroroyatno ; te
seekirde heen kala arda e maanaa mum.
Ngam añde woɗɗinoyde, sabu en mbaawaa te en kattanaani haalde fof, njahen he toɓɓere sakkitiinde he ndee ɗo lowre, ɗum woni maanaa ɓesɗo.
_ Kelme keewɗe ngam maanaa gooto: pulaar/fulfulde ina jogii hattan seɗde maanaa helmere yaltina firoyon mum tokoson ngonkon nder mum. Aɗa waawi yiyde kelme sappo walla ɓura tawi ko he maanaa gooto. Ngam newnude golle men ƴeften yeru he kelme ɓurɗe baɗtinde he nguurndam fulɓe:
a/ toɓo: jannja, ngatamaare, maamaare, wis_wis, yaral (jaral), juko, Demmba diŋaare, hokkitere, mbayritam, bowte…
b/ laawol: burdubujol(walla ballaŋaawol), mosol, jurol, lappol, bolol, celol, codol,perol, kallu(walla kallol…), mbedda(walla mbeddawol)…
c/ haɓɓude: fiɓde, jomde, ŋaaŋde,ŋeeŋde, raɗaade, wajde, humde, saande (saanaade), worsude, dokkaade…
d/ ndiyam: maayo, caanngol, weendu, fetere (feto), deedal, berjal, reebelde, njarka, sewnde, laddungol…
e/ leydi: ceenal(seeno),mbaalwaaldi, jehjegol, hollalde, jakre, waka jiiju, jaaka maka, wallere, haraawo(karawal, taccoonde), karhaaƴol(woojeere, tiŋaale)… Eɗen mbaawi teskaade ɗo kelmeendi mbaawndi wallitde gannde kese; eɗen teskina wonde Tafsiiru JIGGO (yoo GENO yurmo ɗum), gooto he sanɗaaji Misira won ko waɗnoo heen ko faati he ganndal ndema
Eɗen mbaawi raɓɓiɗinaade ɗo, tawi kadi eɗen nganndi en memaani fannuuji goɗɗi bayɗi no inɗe kuɗi e leɗɗe, sifaaji jawdi, poñndi (he ɗemngal waañooɓe e awooɓe) e nehaandi (he ɗemngal aynooɓe), keneeli, koode, ekn…
Eɗen mbaawi wiyde ɗo waɗde pulaar/fulfulde ko ɗemngal maanaa, ŋarɗungal. Maa a taw ko ɗuum addani won heen (Bookar Tijjaani Njaay) wiyde ko GENO tellini ngal he ŋarɗeende maggal, wiyi yimɓe maggal “ko MIIN tagani on ngal mbele oɗon ngona ɓe AM”. Eɗen mbaawi wiyde kadi ko ngal ɗemngal ɓooyngal , Bookar Tijjaani hollitii wonde Fulɓe koɗdiino he israa’iilanaaɓe, o hollitii haatumeere kelme teemedere he hebroore walla ɓura, tawi kañje kala eɗe nanndi he kelme pulaar/fulfulde to wowlaango e to maanaa (en njiɗaani addude ɗo laaɓndal to Fulɓe ngummii, holi mo ɓe njiidi).
Kono kadi eɗen poti ustude bakkooji ha ngannden so ɗemngal men ngal ina jogii hattan wuurde haa yeeso e daɗde e gaatuleeje aduna keso o. mbele ɗemngal men ngal ina jogii hannde nduun fittaandu haa waawa ɓamtaade no ɗemɗe koɗdiiɗe ɗe ni. Sabu wonde ɗemngal men ngal limtaaka e ɗemɗe daɗooje ɗo e 2036 ina miijtinii hay so en kulaani.
Kañum ni, wondi ko, hay sinno ɗemngal men ngal wonii ɗemngal maanaa, ko gila hanki, he nder nguurndam mawɓe men keeriɗam. Ko mawɓe men ngollii haa ngal wayi noon. Kono enen hannde en poti laaɓndaade ko mbaɗ-ɗen e ko pot-ɗen waɗde sabu eɗen keewi caɗeele:
- Caɗeele wosteede : duɗe tuubakooɓe e kesamhesamaagu e jaajngol gure waɗii haa ko ɓuri heewde he men nattii haalde ɗemngal ngal no fotiri (ɗooftaade doosɗe maggal) walla nattii haalde ngal
- En ngustiima he faarnoraade ɗemngal ngal: nattii no waynoo he diŋire…
- Ŋakkere paamondiral: he miijo am, ceerundal kinɗe e ngaddinaaji fotnoo ko alɗinde goodal men; kono so waɗii duuñondiral e deentondiral tan jibinta ko tanaaji ɗi njiɗaaka tawi ittaani.
- Caɗeele firo: so pulaar/fulfulde wonii ɗemngal maanaa ne ina jogii caɗeele firde yoga e kelme kese yeru helmere “sens” e farayse firdee maanaa (iwdi arab), waɗde mbiyen pulaar/fulfulde ko ɗemngal maanaa ngal firataa maanaa. Yimɓe ɓe fof kawraani he no pirdaten kelme kese ɗe: so en pirat ɗe tan he ɗemɗe goɗɗe hay so wonaa pulaar walla so en pentanat ɗum helmere fulɗinaande hay so faamaamuya mum in noddi tiinnaare mawnde.
Internet[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]
- Fulfulde
- Fulfulde Dictionaire Fulfulde
- http://pulaar.org
- kuɗol Abdullaay jallo to Ari founda.
- E yeewtere Amadou mouctara thiam. (Radio fulɓe)


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SUNAARE: LEYDI MURITANI WAASII JAGGAL, JEŊ BUUBU FARBA HOOTII SAHRE GOONGA
Gooto e jagge leydi Muritani, dawriyanke gila yontaaji gadani tawtoraaɓe goodal leydi ndii, Jeŋ Buubu Farba ruttiima e joom mum, o yahri ko duuɓi 79, ko hannde sankaare ndee hollitaa.
Ko kanko woni neɗɗo gadiiɗo wonde hooreejo senaa Muritani, o wonii heen fotde duuɓi 13. O jeyaa ko e diiwaan Baraknaa, palol daande maayo Senegaal. Jeŋ Buubu Farba ari e aduna ko hitaande 1942 to Wocci Baaye e cammuule, o yalti ko e galle adiiɓe jannginde ɓiɓɓe mumen Farayse. Jaŋde makko lesre o waɗi ɗum ko to Ɓoggee, caggal ɗum o jokkoyi jaŋde makko to Rooso to o heɓi Bak makko. O fannorinoo ko miijtiwal (philosophie).
Caggal keɓgol makko, Jeŋ Buubu Farba jokkoyi jaŋde mum toownde to Senegaal, jaaɓi haaɗtirde Seen Anta Joop ɗoon o heɓi seedantaagal makko e faggudu, hade makko yahde Farayse to o heɓoyta seedantaagal makko dowrowal e faggudu.
E naatirɗe 1970, o arti leydi makko Muritani, ndeen tumaare ngonka faggudu leydi ndii ine saɗti sanne, gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa Muttaar Wul Daddaa ine tampidi e luulndo ngoo e tee leydi ndii ine soklunoo sagataaɓe jannguɓe, jagge tiiɗɗe.
Ko ɗoo kanko gorkaajo oo, o toɗɗoytee gardiiɗo njulaagu e 1970, ngam o jeyee kadi goomu toppitiingu heblude jaltingol koppereeje leydi ndii, yalta e kaalis franc CFA ɗuum wonnoo ko e 1972. Fawii hitaande, 1973 naatanaa, Jeŋ Buubu Farba jeytaa e terɗe goomu yaltinooɓe uguya.
Jeŋ Buubu Farba jeyaama e sosɓe BCM, 1978 o toɗɗaa gardiiɗo oon booñ, ɗuum ko hade makko toɗɗeede jaagorgal faggudu e koppereeje tuggi 1981 haa 1982. Caggal ɗum jaagorgal caasam e oogirɗe e nder hitaande 1983 hade makko artude ngam ardaade booñ BCM. Ko e hitaande 1987, o ittaa e posto makko tawi addi ɗum ko caɗeele dawrugol hakkunde laamu leydi Muritani e jannguɓe ɓaleeɓe Muritaninaaɓe.
Ko ɗoo e laamu Maawyaa Siidi Ahmed Taayaa o heɓtoyta posto goɗɗo, toɗɗii mo gardiiɗo kuuɓtidinɗo gollordu Aire Mauritanie, hade makko suɓeede e nder senaa 1992 e doggol falnde Elminaa to Nuwaasot laamorgo leydi ndii. Ko e ngoon posto o heddii haa Maawyaa waɗaa follo e hitaande 2005.
GM

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Batte baylagol ngonka weeyo ina keewi no feewi. Won heen nii en puɗɗiima teskaade ɗum en. Kono, e tonngol, ɗeeɗoo batte ko heen njeyaa, hay so tawii en mbaawaa huɓindaaɗe ɗe kañje kala.
Batte baylagol ngonka weeyo ina keewi no feewi. Won heen nii en puɗɗiima teskaade ɗum en. Kono, e tonngol, ɗeeɗoo batte ko heen njeyaa, hay so tawii en mbaawaa huɓindaaɗe ɗe kañje kala.
- Ƴergol geec e kujjitgol gure : Geecuuji ina mbaawi ƴerde sabu caaygol kaaƴe galaas gonɗe to gulli leydi. Gure keewɗe e winndere ndee inanjogori hujjitde so tawii ɗum dartaaki…
Ƴergol geecuuji ina yiyreede e sifaaji ɗiɗi :
– Sifaa gadano oo : 22 miliyoŋ ton gaas karbonik caayooji ñalawma kala e nder geecuuji ina ɓeyda « kaaɗeeki » ndiyam mum. Ɗum ina wara won ɗiin puɗi ɗi won ɗiin liɗɗi nguurnoo, walla kadi wara won koon kullon ndiyam, kon kullon ngoɗkon nguurnoo. Sikke alaa, ɗuum so rewii, batte mum ina njettoo nguurndam tagooje kala.
– Sifaa ɗiɗmo oo ko ɓeydagol ƴerngo geecuuji e fawaade e sababuuji ɗiɗi. Sabaabu gadano oo, nguleeki ina ɓeyda feto kala ndeelam (ndiyam ina liroo sabu nguleeki). Yanti e ɗuum, nguleeki ki ina saayna galaasuuji gonɗi e gulli leydi. Ɗaam caayam yantata ko e geecuuji, ɓeyda feto mum en. Batte ɗumɗoo ko ɓeyadagol tooweeki geecuuji e kujjitgol duuɗe e gure gonɗe daande geec. Yeru, Nuwaasoot.
- Ile mawɗe sabu toɓooli ɓurtuɗi : ɗuum ne kadi ina jotondiri e ɓeydagol nguleeki weeyo. En puɗɗiima nii teskaade ɗuum, sibu e kitaale jawtuɗe ɗee, ina teskaa toɓooli ina ɓeydoo fotde 7% hitaande kala.
- Musibbaaji goɗɗi, ko wayi no keneeli mobbooji ɓeydiima fotde laabi nay e nder duuɓi 20 fat.
- Nguleeki ɓurtuki : ɗum ko batte ɓurɗe yiytinaade e yaawde. E duuɓi ɓennuɗi ɗii, nguleeki warii yimɓe to Orop. Batte majjum e cellal ina keewi : – eɗum waawi addude ñabbuuli, walla ɓeydude ɗum en, ko wayi no ñawubuuli poofaango (Aasma ekn …) walla warde ɗoon e ɗoon.
- Bonnugol dunli : Leɗɗe ko mooftirgel ko wiyetee karbon koo, sibu leɗɗe guurɗe ina njagga gaas karbonik, moofta ɗum. Tee oon gaas ina jeyaa e geɗe caabotooɗe ɓeydagol nguleeki weeyo. Ndeke leɗɗe ina laɓɓina henndu poofaten nduu. Teskaama noon, hitaande kala, fotde 13 miliyoŋ hektaar dunli ina maaya. Ko ɗum tagi ustagol leɗɗe ngol ina addana posone ɓeydaade heewde e weeyo, jiidaa e ko ɗum ɓeydata nguleeki koo. So tawii yimɓe ina njiɗi ɓeydo nguleeki waasa ɓurde 2°C (degreeji ɗiɗi Celsus), alaa e sago dunli kisnee.
Bookara Aamadu Bah
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Ko firti « seer » ?
Ko ɓuri heewde e cereeli naange taccat weeyo, njana e leydi, ngulna ɗum. Leydi ne, « rokkita » (wukkita) huunde e kiin nguleeki feewde e weeyo. Mbiimtam ndiyam e gaas karbonik e gaasuuji goɗɗi (woni gaasuuji gaddooji seer) moɗa kiin nguleeki, kaɗa ɗum ŋabbude, nii woni ki heddoo e weeyo leydi, ɓeyda nguleeki mum. Ko ɗum woni ko wiyetee «seer» koo.


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ɗanngal ngal aldaa e sariya
Saakitaama ñannde :
Yewtere “Ko Mbii-ɗon ?” tuugnotoo ndee yontere ko e haala ɗannle ɗe ngaldaa e sariya, na mbiyen ɗannle e laabi kaɗaaɗi. E balɗe cakitiiɗe ɗee teskaama e leydi Senegaal sukaaɓe ene ƴetta laaɗe faade e leyɗe Orop. Haa woodi laana huɓɓuka heewɓe mbaasi heen pittaali mumen
Holko haɗi sukaaɓe ɓee heddaade e leyɗe mum’en, ngolla faa wooda ko keɓi ? Noy ngatten ngam haɗude sukaaɓe ɓee rewde e ɗii laabi caɗtuɗi ?
Ko ɗum woni naamɗe men ? Ngam yewtude e ndee toɓɓere. En mbismoto biyeteeɗo
Nuuru Won. Kanko ko o gollanoowo hoore makko. Yi’annde makko woni laamu ene foti ɓeydude tinnaare e wattude hakkille e sukaaɓe ɓee, mbela ɓe mbaasa fooɗanaade leyɗe goɗɗe.
Alhajji Seydu Nuuru Jah, ko jaayniyanke hertorɗo fannu ɗanngal. Ma o addu yi’annde makko e peeje potɗe ƴetteede mbela ɗannle ɗe ndewaani laawol ngoppee.


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Polis leydi Beljik keɗtiima ko ina wona waktuuji 5 ñalnde 7 mee 2009, gardiiɗo fedde AVOMM (Fedde walloore hesniiɓe e baayeeji militeeruuji Muritani), hono Usmaan Saar, e wondude e amwookaa biyeteeɗo Mark Libert, e dow yamiroore porkireer ñaawirde Briksel.
Polis leydi Beljik keɗtiima ko ina wona waktuuji 5 ñalnde 7 mee 2009, gardiiɗo fedde AVOMM (Fedde walloore hesniiɓe e baayeeji militeeruuji Muritani), hono Usmaan Saar, e wondude e amwookaa biyeteeɗo Mark Libert, e dow yamiroore porkireer ñaawirde Briksel.
Ɗum noon addi ɗum ko Usmaan Saar e yimɓe tato woɗɓe ko kalminooɓe toon Maawiya, sabu bonanndeeji baɗanooɗi e les laamu mum, ɗi haala mum en e batte mum njokki haaleede haa hannde e leydi he.
Kalminooɓe woɗɓe ɓe, hono Rugi Jah e Haaruuna Kan e Muusaa Sih ina mbaawi kan enne noddeede ngam heɗteede. Ɗum ɗoon noon firti tan, ko sinemaa mo seneraal Asiis e COVIRE e wallidiiɓe mum en ngonnoo o, haa arti noon e nanondiral ɓe ciifondirnoo ngal, kaɗataa haala warngooji baɗnooɗi hakkunde 89 e 91, haaleede ɗoon ɗo nanondiral kuftodinngal heɓaaka hakkunde denndaangal Muritaninaaɓe, haa arti noon e ñaawoore laaɓtunde, e peeñningol goonga. Eɗen ciftina tan wonde ina jeyanoo e toɓɓe ngaal nanondiral wonde « loranooɓe ɓe kam e ronooɓe mum en, ngoppii hankadi haala ka, kalmotaako waɗnooɓe bonanndeeji ɓe ».
Seneraal Asiis kam e ofisiyeeji jonɗi taariiɗi ɗum gila kuudetaa ut 2008, njeyanoo ko e ɓurɓe ɓallaade Maawiya e sahaa nde ummantoo muumtude ɓaleeɓe (haa arti noon e fulɓe) e leydi ndi. Denndaangal pelle daraninooɗe jojjanɗe aadee, gollodtonooɗe e hesniiɓe ɓe gila e kitaale 1990, ko wayi no « komitee solidaaritee », walla Fonandh (dental pelle daraniiɗe jojjanɗe aadee ɓurɗe heptineede e leydi he) walla AVOMM e OCVIDH, kollitiino mettere mum en e ngaal nanondiral tafangal e suɗaare ngam danndude warkoyeeɓe.
Ndeke, « dogdu dow huɓeere, so yaawii ne juutataa », yimɓe potaani ɗamtindaade moƴƴere. Sibu so tawii ko ardiiɓe leyɗeele mbaɗti ñaaweede (laamɗo Sudaan), walla haala ngaluuji hooreeɓe leyɗe ngujjunoo waɗti haaleede, firti tan, ko kaaɗoo haala ne wattinta tan ko butteede hakkunde dingiral. E ooɗoo aduna julyultondiral, ina moƴƴi ardiiɓe leyɗe kam en e jom jayngol en paama, « miin teyi » gasii !
Gelaajo


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Ñalnde 04 lewru duujal hitaande 2014, koɗungu Laamɗo miskineeɓe e miskineeɓe artiranooɓe ummoraade Senegaal teskinii to Karefuur Madriid e nder Nuwaasot, laamorgo leydi Muritani, no feewi. Koɗungu nguu ɓooyat daarteede. Laamɓe miskineeɓe jaɓɓorii hoɗɓe mum ko garnatuuji, bede (matarakuuji) e kasooji.
Ñalnde 04 lewru duujal hitaande 2014, koɗungu Laamɗo miskineeɓe e miskineeɓe artiranooɓe ummoraade Senegaal teskinii to Karefuur Madriid e nder Nuwaasot, laamorgo leydi Muritani, no feewi. Koɗungu nguu ɓooyat daarteede. Laamɓe miskineeɓe jaɓɓorii hoɗɓe mum ko garnatuuji, bede (matarakuuji) e kasooji.
Ujunnaaje banii-Aadama garnooɗe jaɓɓaade e seppatnooɓe jaɓɓetenooɓe ɓee, alaa heen jahduɗo e hakkille. Koɗungu nguu waɗtini ko e tef e ref, tut e rut, woy am e feere am-bonii. Asamaan wiyi kurum, nokki juumol ƴiiwoonde, kartaali piyanɗe nanngondiri e diiraali otooji e iidaali diwooje beeyooje, juurotooɗe walla diwooje. Mo wiyaani walla mo tawaaka oo kikiiɗe e Karefuur Madriid, won ko luutaa!
Seppatnooɓe ɓee njooɗtoranooki tawtude ndiiɗoo tawtaari bonndi. Kañumen ngardunoo ko waɗde seppo yamyamo ngam yooltude hujjaaji mumen.
Tesko-ɗen wonde ko hikka waɗti duuɓi jeegom ko won e taƴtinanooɓe (taccinanooɓe) ngartiranoo e leydi Muritani ummoraade Senegaal. Kono e nder ɗiiɗoo duuɓi jeegom, e wiyde hooreejo Fedde ndee hono Ibraahiima Aamadu Njaay lollirɗo Usmaan : « alaa ko laamu nguu waɗani min e podooje ɗe min podananoo caggal nanondiral hakkunde HCR, leydi Muritani e dowla Senegaal so wonaa yejjiteede e nder tuddule joorɗe kos, ɗo ndiyam alaa, nguura alaa, safaara alaa, jaŋde alaa e ɗaldeede e mbooy kartuɗo walla jaangol ɓurtungol hakkunde ñawu, heege e baasal. Gollotonooɓe e laamu ɓee ne ngoɗɗaani ɗoon. Sabu hay ƴettitanooɓe heen ɓee ne ndonkii ɓosde, ko ɓe deŋɓe to bannge darajuuji ».
Caggal goylaali keewɗi ɗi ɓe kucciti, e mbaydiiji laawɗuɗi, gila e meeruuji, mawɓe palɗe haa e ardiiɓe diiwanuuji ɗi ɓe koɗi ɗii, ɓe mbaɗii kadi nulaaɓe dariiɓe ngam yahde haa Nuwaasot, laamorgo leydi Muritani mbele ena njooɗodoo e won e jaagorɗe walla e won e pelle ɗe ngonaa laamuyankooje ngam hollitde ɗumen caɗeele ɗe ɓe ngondi. Jotondire keewɗe e podooje keewɗe mbaɗaama kono alaa tawo ko hoybinani ɓe e caɗeele ɗe ɓe ngondunoo.
Ko e oon sahaa, fedde noddirteende Dental Ngenndiwal Muritaninaaɓe Artiraaɓe ummoraade Senegaal(UNRMS) toppitiinde fiyakuuji artiranooɓe ummoraade Senegaal felliti, caggal miijooji luggi e diisnondiral teeŋtungal, caggal mawɗo leydi ndii hono Mohammed wul Abdel Ajiij wiyii ko laamɗo miskineeɓe, ñawndoowo caɗeele mumen, yo ɓe njah ɓe ngoytanoo mo caɗeele ɗe ɓe ngondi ɗee. Ena gasa tawa goytaali maɓɓe ɓennuɗi ɗii, kamɓe artiraaɓe ɓee, njettanooki mo walla njettoranooki mo no haaniri.
Nii woni ardorde fedde ndee nuli e denndaangal mawɓe tuddule(sites) gonɗi gila to Tararsa, Barakna, Gorgol, Gidimaka haa to Asaaba. Batu diisnondiral waɗaa ngam ƴeewde hol fannu mo ɓe potata huutoraade ngam hollude mawɗo leydi ndii caɗeele maɓɓe. Fedde ndee hawri e waɗde seppo yamyamo, ngo alaa dille, alaa ƴattooje walla malli, jogiingo faandaare laaɓtunde e hollirde caɗeele gondaaɗe. Nde hawri yo nde ummoro tuggude e Ɓoggee haa nde yettoo Nuwaasot tawa ko koyɗe yahraa. Nde suɓii kadi laawol ɓurngol liiltude e juutde, heewde ceene e mettude yahde. Ngool woni laawol Ɓoggee, Eeleega, Butilimiit fayde Nuwaasot, laamorgo Muritani. Nde fiɓi ñalnde 24 lewru seeɗto hitaande 2014 hawritde Hudallaay sara Ɓoggee ngam fuɗɗaade seppo ngoo ñalnde 25. Njalti baarajaagal ñalnde heen ko 54 hakkunde worɓe e rewɓe, sukaaɓe e mawɓe, tuggude e duuɓi 20 to les haa heɓi duuɓi 80 to dow. Ɓe mbaɗii balɗe 10 e laawol, hakkunde dawde e ñallude, hirndude e jofde. Ñalnde ɓe njofi e Butelmiit ko ɓe 95 fittaandu. Nde ɓe ngari e 15 km, naatirde Nuwaasot, ko ɓe yimɓe 114. Ko ɗoon ɓe ñalli, kadi ɓe mbaali haa ñalnde 4 lewru nduu. Nde weetata tawi ko lohorgol ngol dartoyiima e 300 neɗɗo pawɗe. Ko ɗoon e nokku hee, jagge laamu Nuwaasot tawi ɓe. Adii arde e maɓɓe ko komseer polis ena addi nulal Waali Nuwasoot. Nulal ngal waɗi ko toɓɓe tati:
1- Naatirde laamorgo ngoo e otooji
2- Jaɓɓeede e heblaneede jippunde to jooɗorde Cuuɗi Sarɗiiji
3- Ɗaɓɓitaneede aadi e hooreejo leydi ndii.
Seppooɓe ɓee ndiiwti ngoon miijo, kolliti wonde sokla mumen tan ko yiydude e hooreejo leydi ndii, laamɗo miskineeɓe, yiyee-ñawda-joote hono Mohammed wul Abdel Ajiij kono wonaa e goɗɗo, sabu teskaade wonde ɓe njiydiino, e ko adii, e meeruuji, perefeeji, goforneeruuji diiwanuuji maɓɓe haa e ministeruuji kono alaa fof ko sosti e geɗe maɓɓe.
Ndeen ɓe ndiiwtii miijo ngoo, laamu nguu ne waɗi dadiiɓe mum, paddii ɓe fotde waktuuji jonɗi, kaɗi ɓe yawtude. Caggal ɗum, yamiroore ari ummoraade e Waali Nuwaasot wonde yo ɓe ɗaccite ɓe ngara. Dadiiɓe ɓee cekki ɓe haa ɓe paandii Karefuur Madriid, ceerti e maɓɓe. E oon sahaa tawi ko karefuur oo ena heewi jamaanu arɓe jaɓɓaade. Fotde ujunnaaje banii-Aadama gila e fulɓe, hardaneeɓe, sooninkooɓe, safalɓe woɗeeɓe haa e jolfuɓe ena ndarodii. « Jaɓɓungal wayrii wayde nii laaɓtinde goobu e ngootagu leydi Muritani » e wiyde mawɗo gooto. Jamaanu nguu ukki, sookii haa seppatnooɓe ɓee e koye mumen ndonki ɗo ndewri ngam yawtude.
Haa hannde kadi, ko ɗoon e karefuur hee, seppatnooɓe ɓee potnoo waɗde konngol mumen njettoor fayde e yimɓe arɓe nootitaade ɓee. Kono ɗuum dañaaka waɗeede tawi ƴiiwoonde garnatuuji toɓɓii e maɓɓe, kamɓe e arnooɓe jaɓɓaade ɓee fof. Won faɗɗiiɓe e gaañiiɓe heen, kono kadi yimɓe tato e seppatnooɓe ɓee nanngaaɓe. Ɓeen ngoni Usmaan Juulde Jah jeyaaɗo to Jeki Tuuba, Sammba Bullaay Salli Bah to Gurel Falli e biyeteeɗo Umaar Aliiw Bah. Ɓeeɗoo tato ngonii e juuɗe sanndarmaaɓe Brigade Mixte fotde 48 waktu, caggal mum ɓe ɗaccitaa.
Ko ɗoo golle seppatnooɓe ɓee ndartii ñalnde heen. Ko ɗoon ne kadi woni ɗo goomu kalfinanoongu jippingol e rewindo seppo ngoo e gardagol Ibraahiima Umaar Soh, lawii denndaangal seppatnooɓe ɓee, faarni ɗumen to jippunde mumen e nder leegal Siiseem Nuwaasot. Luɓi ɓe nokku oo ko Fedde Kofiir (Covire) Mammadu Kan. Ko ndeen ne kadi waɗani hoɗɓe seppatnooɓe ɓee hiraande fattamlamre, ñalnde heen.
Tampuɓe mbaali fooftaade e miijtaade battanɗe seppo ngoo caggal balɗe sappo yahdu e daawal ngal 318 km.
Gelongal Fuuta lollirɗo Njaay Saydu Aamadu


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Nde Apollo 11 juurii e Lewru e hitaande 1969, heewɓe koddiri ko aadee heɓii kaaɗtudi ɗo waawi yettaade. Ƴeewaa noon, Lewru ko yowitiinde Leydi tan (yowitii, taarotoo ko Leydi), tawi noon Mars (Mbaañ) kañum ko tagofeere yowitiinde e Naange. Lewru ko huunde woowaande, yiyotoonde e gite ɓole, nde yimɓe njiyata ñalnde kala, hakkunde mum e Leydi ko hedde 384 400 km doŋ.Tagofeere Mbaañ noon, newaaka yiyde e yitere ɓolde, tee hakkunde mum e Leydi ko hedde 78 miliyoŋ kiloomeeteer.
Nde Apollo 11 juurii e Lewru e hitaande 1969, heewɓe koddiri ko aadee heɓii kaaɗtudi ɗo waawi yettaade. Ƴeewaa noon, Lewru ko yowitiinde Leydi tan (yowitii, taarotoo ko Leydi), tawi noon Mars (Mbaañ) kañum ko tagofeere yowitiinde e Naange. Lewru ko huunde woowaande, yiyotoonde e gite ɓole, nde yimɓe njiyata ñalnde kala, hakkunde mum e Leydi ko hedde 384 400 km doŋ (hakkunde 356 410 e 405 500 km). Tagofeere Mbaañ noon, newaaka yiyde e yitere ɓolde, tee hakkunde mum e Leydi ko hedde 78 miliyoŋ kiloomeeteer. Ndeke eɗen ngoɗɗi ko cikkatno-ɗen e hitaande 1969 koo. Yanti heen, ngonka Mbaañ ine ɓadii ngonka Leydi ; ine hasii tawa nguurndam ine toon, walla ine aaɓnoo toon.
He ñalawma hannde oo, Mbaañ (Mars) woni tagofeere ɓurnde ƴameede e tagopeeje yuɓɓo naange. Ko ɗuum nii jeyi sabaabu, e nder yontere wootere, ɓeeynirɗe ɗiɗi ine neldee toon : ɓeeynirka Imaaraat Aarabeeɓe inniraaka « Yaakaare » duñanii toon ñalnde altine 20 suliyee 2020 ; ɓeeynirka Siin mbiyeteeka Tianwen-1 lottaama feewde toon ñalnde 23 sulyee (balɗe ɗiɗi fat ɓilii hakkunde ɗee ɓeeynirɗe !). Ɓeeynirka ngoɗka Dental Dowlaaji Amerik (DDA) ine foti duñande toon he maayirɗe suliyee 2020… Orop e Riisi kam enne ine tijjaa ɗoo e duuɓi ɗiɗi, rewrude e ɓeeynirka inniraaka ExoMars nduñiroyoowa to Kazakhstan.
Kadi, e oo sahaa mo mbinndaten, laaɗe jeeɗiɗi (7) nani njirloo Mars walla ine njuurii he mum (ummoriiɗe DDA, Orop, e Inndo). Golle majje : loskude ɓarakke nguurndam ɓennuɗam ngam wallitde ɓiɓɓe Aadama en wuuroyde toon janngo mo ɓadaaki noon.
Hol ko tagi laaɗe ɗee kala ine ndiwda e sahaa gooto ?
Wonaa mehre addani ɓeeynirɗe tati ɗee (ɓeeynirka Imaaraaji, ɓeeynirka Siin e ɓeeynirka DDA) ƴettude ngalɗoo lajal. Ɗuum fawii ko he geɗe newnooje yahdu to Mars nduu : ko he oo sahaa « Naange, e Leydi, e Mbaañ ndeggondiriri niiyene ». E nder lebbi 26 kala, ko mudda gooto weli lottude ɓeeynirɗe faade toon, nde Mbaañ e Leydi ɓuri ɓallondirde ndee. Ɓeeynirɗe ine mbaawi lotteede ko wonaa ndeen, kono fere mum ɓurata heewde sibu lottoowa kaa (lanceur) ɓurata mawnude e huuñƴude e kuɓɓam.
Hol ko addani Mars yontireede nii fof ?
Yonteende tagofeere Mars fawii ko he dalillaaji keewɗi
Daliilu gadano : Mars woni tagofeere ɓurnde ɓallaade Leydi, kono wonaa ɗuum tan. Hujjaaji ɓurɗi teeŋtude ɗii ko nganndineeji : « ko ina wona jooni miliyaaruuji joy hitaande, Leydi e Mars ina nanndunoo no feewi. Yimɓe ine njiɗi faamde ko addani ɗe seertirde nii jooni » e wiyde ganndo biyeteeɗo Jean-Yves le Gall. Tee, ɓeeynirka mbiyeteeka Express anndinii aadee wonde tagofeere Mbaañ (Mars) ine wuuroo. Jooni heddii ko anndude mbele nde meeɗii hoɗeede.
« Duuɓi miliyaaruuji tati e feccere jooni, Mbaañ ine joginoo hennduure (Atmosphère) e ndiyam. Ngonka mum ine henaninoo nguurndam. Mars noon lare mum kaytiraani no lare leydi kaytiri nii, ndeke ɗoon ɓurata newaande anndude ko kewnoo ko ɓooyi-ɓooyi. Ndeke ngon-ɗen ko e yiylaade anndude ɗo aadee ummii, e hol no nguurndam fuɗɗorii. »
Daliilu ɗimmo : Yahde Mars kadi, ko seede doolnugol. « Ndeen, ko DDA e Dental Dowlaaji Sosiyaalista Sowiyet (DDSS) mbaɗdatnoo ɓuraa-ɓuraa faade Lewru. Caggal ɗuum Siin lomtii DDSS : haa hannde ko ɓeydude kattanɗe mum, loskude winndere, yiylaade dañirɗe goɗɗe, ɗum noon ko ɓeydude semmbe mum e faayiida mum. » Yeru, so a ƴettii Imaaraaji, yahde Mars ine ɓeyda no feewi lolleende mum he nder Aarabeeɓe, tee ine siftina ɗum en wonde hanki njeyanoo ko e nehaaɗe ganndal.
Bookara Aamadu Bah


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Ñalnde 8 e 9 feebiriyee 2020, Fedde Baaboo Gellaay Enternasiyonaal yuɓɓinii ñalɗi pinal kaaltateeɗi to Beelinaaɓe, ngam mawninde maanditaare timmugol duuɓi ɗiɗi jibineede fedde ndee.
Ko ngol woni ɗimmol ko fedde ndee ine yuɓɓina ɗii ñaldi. Rawane wonnoo ko to Ndakaaru, hikka noon ɓe cuɓii artirde ñalawma oo e nder leydi Moritani, tawi ko e nder wuro Beelinaaɓe, anndiraango fuutankaagal to koɗki haa e jikkuuji.
Fedde Baaboo Gellaay sosaa ko e faandaare siftorde Aali Hamediin Sammba, dowlirnooɗo Gellaay Aali Faal. Gorko Aram, mo hay gooto naamnotaako holi kañum e nder pinal fulɓe, haa teeŋti e cubalaagu. Ko ɗuum saabii, rewo e worgo, alaa ɗo dille fedde ndee keddi. Ko noon ne caggal Afrik, ko wayi no Amerik e Orop. Kala ɗo beltortooɗo pinal woni, dille fedde ndee ina njettii ɗum, haa teeŋti noon e cubballo koɗɗo walla jeyaaɗo e Moritani, Senegaal, Mali e Gammbi. Sabu renndude ɗee leyɗeele taariik, pinal, enɗam e koɗki. Ko ɗuum addani sagataaɓe rewɓe e worɓe yiɗɓe koye mum en sosde ndee fedde, ngam yoɓde diminna gorko jom golle mawɗe mo yejjittaake e nder pulaagu.
Beelinaaɓe ne jaɓɓiima ñalɗi ɗii no doole mum potirnoo. Gila e heblooji to bannge pinal, haa yettii bismaade e teddinirde jagge laamu e ngenndiyankooɓe leñol ngol. Tawi kadi ɓe njejjitaani leƴƴi koɗdaaɗi ɗii, ɗum woni safalɓe e Sooninkooɓe.
Ñalnde aset jeetati.
Subaka aset oo ɓe piniri kp jaɓɓaade e bismaade hoɓɓe maɓɓe ummoriiɓe banngeeji kala. Nde yahi haa kiraaɗe kirtaa ɓe puɗɗii golle. Adii ɓamde konngol ko koolaaɗo kuuɓal fedde ndee, oon woni Abuu Daawuuda Faal. O bismii denndaangal nootiiɓe e noddaango ngoo, o semmbini nde moni kala darotoo e yiɗde pinal ngal e wuurtinde ɗum. O manti wuro Beelinaaɓe e darnde nde daranii fedde ndee haa pinal ngal ko aldaa e ngaameela. Nde o joofni ko Meer Kayhayɗi woni Konoo Baraaji ɓami konngol. O holli kaaɗtudi weltaare makko kanko e sete makko, o manti, o hirjini no feewi sabu faamde mo faayiida ɗee golle. Caggal ɓeen ko Duɗal Baaba leñol joli waɗi no woownoo waɗde, so weltinirde renndo ngoo jimol daaɗe gelooɗe loowngol bismaango e njettoor faade e nootiiɓe ɓee kala, haa teeŋti e fedde baaboo gellaay e fedde ndillaan. Ko heddii e jamma hee koo, Hamadi Ayse Jool, Daawuuda Gellaay Burba kiiri yimde pekaan. Rewɓe e worɓe subalɓe kiiri sappaade e juurde haa weenndoogo.
Ñalnde alet jeenay
Ɓe pooftii subaka oo. Daande takkusaan tawi ŋore ɗiɗi ɗee fof ɓittii, keewii teɓ yimɓe arɓe yeeɓde fiifiire. Sagataaɓe worɓe tellii ina mbakkii awƴe ina peccondira e laaɗe cinkiraaɗe goobooji ceertuɗi tawi laana heen kala ko jolɓe heen ɓee nanndi comci e awƴe, potondiri duuɓi e semmbe. Laaɗe Kayhayɗi e gure taariiɗe ɗee fof ngarii ngam wallude beelinaaɓe e ñaantude oon kikiiɗe. To ŋoral rewo gaa ko naalankooɓe e jirwinooɓe ngoni gaa ina ndoori pijirlooji mumen, worɓe subalɓe kiiri awƴude juuɗe njaadata tellodtoo yantude e laana jirwinooɓe kaa. Yimɓe kiiri e oon mbelemma haa daande futuro pooftoyii ngam heblanaade jamma cakkitiiɗo oo.
Nde yimɓe kirtii mbaɗdi adaa dingiral ngam yeeɓoyde ñaaƴooɓe ñaaƴo fannu. Kala comci, moori e paɗe ɗe fuutanke anndunoo yiyaama ñalnde heen e ngal dingiral tawi kadi ko sukaaɓe dariiɓe e sahaa mumen ñaantii ngaal ñaantungal. Ƴeeŋɗo kala mbiyaa ko oon nawi raay, so goɗɗo jolii ɓernde maa feccoo.
Caggal ngoon ñaaƴo ko jabbaaji (rappoor en) ndokkaa yo mbeltin yimɓe ɓee e jimɗi keewɗi ceertuɗi.
Nde ɓe ƴeeŋi ko Duɗal Baaba Leñol joli. Nde ɓeen ne ƴeeŋi ko Meer kayhayɗi rokki teddule tati. Ɗuum woni torofeeji ɗi o weltiniri ɓeeɗoo tato : Abuu Faal koolaaɗo kuuɓal fedde baaba gellaay, Seek Saar naalanke capaato nootinooɗo e noddaango ngoo, Ummu Jeŋ jaayndeyanke to Piindi Tv;
Caggal ɓeen ko Fedde ndee e hoore mum rokki seedanteeje kañum ne ngam seedtanaade won e yimɓe darnde mum en mawnde nde ndaranii diiwaan oo, haa teeŋti e wuro Beelinaaɓe ngoo eɗe ndarii heen darnde faayodinnde he diiwaan hee.
Ina jeyaa e ɓeen, Meer kayhayaɗi Konoo Baraaji, Njaay Saydu Aamadu, Ñaŋ Sileymaani Hammadi, Seek Saar, Jiil Loh, Daawuuda Sammba Ndonngo.
Ɓeeɗoo fof ko darodiiɓe e maɓɓe jamma e ñalawma subaka e kikiiɗe haa teeŋti e ɗeeɗoo golle mawɗe paayodinɗe. Ko nii balɗe ɗiɗi ɗee njahri e dow darnde timmunde nde ɓeeɗoo worɓe ɗiɗo ndarii, gila nde ñalɗi ɗii ndigaa haa njawti, joɗnde e ɗoyngol alanaa ɓe. Ɓee ngoni Mammadu Umar Ñaŋ e Ibiraahiima Sammba Ñaŋ.
Ciimtol Daawuuda Sammba Ndonngo


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Jokkorde pelle pine Pulaar, Sooninke e Wolof hono Fedde Ɓamtaare Pulaar e Muritani (FƁPM), Fedde muritaninaare Ɓamtaare Ɗemngal e Pinal Sooninke (AMPLCS), e Fedde Ɓamtaare Ɗemngal Wolof nder Muritani (APROLAWORIM) ina ndewindii no feewi duko faatungo e kuutoragol ɗemɗe nder Suudu Sarɗi (Asaambele). Nde tawnoo ko ɗe pelle-baafal gardiiɗe hare ngam keɓtingol timmungol ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee, rewrude e laawɗingol majje e kuutoragol majje nder denndaangal fannuuji nguurndam leydi ndii, alaa ko ɗe mbaawi so wonaa weltaade e ngal taaɓal mawngal, so naatgol pulaar, sooninke e wolof nder parlemaa, rewrude e pirgol mum en timmungol nder arab, walla pirgol arab feewde e majje.
Kono tan, Jokkorde ndee ina yawi ngolɗoo naatnugol ɗemɗe ngenndiije e parlemaa hee sibu ko arab tan firetee e majje walla ɗe piree e arab. ،Kono firo woodani hakkunde pulaar e sooninke e wolof. Yanti heen, binndaaɗe depiteeji ɗii ngollortoo ɗee mbinndaa tan ko e arab e farayse. Ɗeen binndaaɗe kala ina poti fireede e nder ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee kala.
E min mbasiyoo Yiilirde Suudu sarɗi ngenndi ndee, nde ooñtata ko yaaccii ko ooñii heen koo fof, ngam rokkude naatnugol ɗee ɗemɗe e nduu Suudu hormundu faayiida. Amin ciftina ndu kadi, so tawii kuutoragol ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee waɗiraa ko rokkude denndaangal wootooɓe muritaninaaɓe hakke faamde jeewte baɗeteeɗe e suudu sarɗi nduu, ina himmi kadi ɗeen ɗemɗe mbaɗta huutoreede e tele parlemaa hee.
Ko ɓuri ɗuum boom, ɓayri ko depiteeji men tedduɗi ɗii lelnata laabi sariya, alaa ko haɗi ɗi sakkitde sariyaaji laawɗinooji ɗemɗe men ngenndiije pulaar, sooninke e wolof, kam e naattingol mum en nder tippudi nehdi e jaŋde ngam gaddanaade ɓiɓɓe leydi ndii fof hakke waawde ɓamtaade e timmal, tawi ko e ɗooftaare keewal eddaaji ngenndi ndii.
Nuwaasoot, ñalnde 08/02/2020
Yiilirde Jokkorde ndee


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Koolol jeegoɓol Yontere adunankoore jolo mo Ndakaaru udditii ñalnde aset 13 suwee 2009 e nder wuro Ndakaaru.
Koolol jeegoɓol Yontere adunankoore jolo mo Ndakaaru udditii ñalnde aset 13 suwee 2009 e nder wuro Ndakaaru.
Yontere ndeeɗoo noon maa teŋtin «njiylawu deeƴre e jam to Kaasamaas ». Ɗum woni ko Ummu Sih, pewjuɗo ooɗoo kewu, haali. E miijo Ummu, « pinal ina waawi wallitde e gartirgol jaawngol deeƴre e nder oo nokku ». Gila 1982 murto ina woodi e ooɗoo nokku, tawi ardii ɗum ko « dillere doole demokaraasi to Kasamaas – Mouvement des forces démocratiques de Casamance – MFDC. Ñalawma 15 suwee oo fof waɗanaa ko Kaasamaas. O fuɗɗortoo ko yeewtere nde tiitoonde mum woni : « Pinal e ƴellitaare, geɗe deeƴre nder winndere ».
Ngolɗoo koolol uddiraa jamma 22 suwee 2009 o. Oon jamma noon heerorii ɗum ko Ummu Sih.
Kabaaru ummoraade e Binta Jallo, janngoowo ko fayti e « kettuki » (Styliste) to Ndakaaru, Wookaam.
Ummu SIH ko ñootoowo, karallo kettuki, ko o senegalnaajo. Omo jeyaa e bayyinɓe internet e nder Afrik. Ummu ko pullo. O jibinaa ko 1952 to Jaataar, sara Podoor, e nder Fuuta Tooro.


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So tawiino, no ɗemngal Farayse wiyrata nii « la promesse est une dette» (fodoore ko ñamaande), tawatnoo, e wiyde jaaynde Le Calame, e kuɗol Siidi wul Kowri, ko « Persidaa Muritani e laamu mum ndañii heen ko foti e leeɓi hoore heewde. Sibu, podooje maɓɓe ko noon mbayi heewde ».
« Tawatnoo, e nduuɗoo lewru ut 2012 ngon-ɗen nduu, otel Khayma nattii wonde huɓeere ɓurnde toowde e Nuwaasoot,
So tawiino, no ɗemngal Farayse wiyrata nii « la promesse est une dette» (fodoore ko ñamaande), tawatnoo, e wiyde jaaynde Le Calame, e kuɗol Siidi wul Kowri, ko « Persidaa Muritani e laamu mum ndañii heen ko foti e leeɓi hoore heewde. Sibu, podooje maɓɓe ko noon mbayi heewde ».
« Tawatnoo, e nduuɗoo lewru ut 2012 ngon-ɗen nduu, otel Khayma nattii wonde huɓeere ɓurnde toowde e Nuwaasoot, jumaa Sawuud nattii wonde jumaa ɓurɗo mawnude e jumaaji wuro ngoo, … tawatnoo ko yimɓe fof ina ngolloo, soomaas alaa, tawatnoo ko uujo feewde teeru dartiima sibu isinaaji cosaama e nokkuuji keewɗi e leydi hee ; gila e isin teewu to Neema, isin rakkal to Eeleega, ɗatirde kolɓoore to Kayhayɗi ekn… Tawtnoo ko Muttaar Lasaarnaaɓe ceertii e ɗomka ko ɓooyi. Tawtnoo ko gudroŋ Kiifa-Tintaan joofii ko ɓooyi… ».
Jaaynde ndee ruttii e huunde e podooje jagge laamu Asiis podnoo:
Ñalnde 7 saawiyee 2011, mawɗo hilifaaɓe hono Mullaay wul Muhammed Lagdaaf, wiyiino, yeeso depiteeji men, wonde maa laamu mum heɓ 15 miliyoŋ dolaar (4 264 650 000 ugiyya) ngam sompude eɓɓaaɗe mbaylaandi geɗe ummiiɗe e ngaynaaka e nder diiwanuuji leydi ndii. O limti : isin kosam to Neema jeñtinoowo 30 000 l/ñ, bosori keso to jeñtinoowo 40 haa 50 T/ñ, kam e isin rakkal to Eeleega… ; ɗatirde hesere to Kayhayɗi, isin girilaas to Muttaar Lasaar… lebbi 20 caggal ɗuum, alaa heen fof ko njiy-ɗen heen tawo. Ɗum jiidaa kadi e fodoore mahgol duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safaara jawdi to Kiifa …
Ñalnde 27 noowammbar 2011, Kuuɓal kalifu awo hono Siidi Muhammed wul Siidi ardiima gaafgol haayre nokku mbaylaandi awo, 28 kiloomeeteer worgo Nuwaasoot. O wiyi « sosiyateeji ɗiɗi winndereeji maa mbaɗtu nokku oo nokku ƴellitaare. Miliyaaruuji ɗiɗi maa njaltine ngam ɗuum. 2 000 neɗɗo maa ƴette heen ngam gollaade ». E ñalawma hannde oo, nokku oo karawal.
Ñalnde 24 noowammbar 2010, kalifu geɗe faggudu e ƴellitaare hono Siidi wul Tah kam e hooreejo Banke Islameejo ngam Ƴellitaare (BID), hono Ahmed Mahmuud Aali, ngardiima gaafgol haayre joɗnde BID e Muritani : huɓeere nde 16 etaas … fotnde jiimtude e Nuwaasoot fof, nde mahngo mum fotnoo joofde e mee 2012… Gila ndeen, koyngal aadee dartaaki ɗoon, tee hay gooto saytoraani ɗum.
Ñalnde 1 suwee 2010, kalifu geɗe Lislaam hono Ahmed wul Nenni, haali e tele Muritani, e nder yeewtere wiyeteende « Le gouvernement dans la balance » o wiyi « laamu nguu ina anniyii, ko ɓooyataa, mahde jumaa baawɗo nawde ujunnaaje sappo neɗɗo.” Eɗen padi haa hannde !!! Ñalnde 21 noowammbar 2010, kalifu Koɗki hono Ismaayiil wul Bedde wul Seek Sidiya, habrii, to Nbeyket Lahwach, too e lowlowi Hod Fuɗnaange, wonde laamu nguu maa fuɗɗo e lebbi garooji ɗii, mahngo kuɓeeje keewɗe, ina heen jumaa mawɗo baawɗo nawde ko ɓuri ko oya haalnoo koo, sibu ooɗoo maa naw 15 000 neɗɗo. Haa hannde golle puɗɗaaki tawo… Ina wiyee boom yamiroore ummoriima mo dow, ina wiya mo, yo o « mumtu jumaa oo e golle mawɗo leydi ndii anniyii waɗde ».
Ñalnde 25 noowammbar 2010, to Suwoyraat, persidaa Muhammed Abdel Asiis hunaniima Mhawudaatnaaɓe mahngo koɗorɗe baɗɗe denndaangal geɗe cokleteeɗe. E wiyde makko, haralleeɓe ceedtiima wonde geɗe bonɗe e cellal ina ngoodi e nokku hee. O hunanii ɓe kadi huuɓnande wuro ngoo soklaaji mum kala to bannge diƴƴe e neeɓaani. Ɗum jiidaa e cennugol wuro ngoo, kam e joɓgol hakkeeji dawnotooɓe SNIM… ɗum ɗoon fof ko adii darorɗe 2011. Mhawudaatnaaɓe e Suwoyraatnaaɓ e dawnotooɓe SNIM idi padi e yiyde henndu ɗeeɗoo podooje…
Laawol ngol joofataa. Ko noon dogooɓe e laawol Nuwaasoot-Neema mbiyata hettere wonnde hakkunde Kiifa e Tintaan ndee, nde golle mum (ko fawaade e fodoore mawɗo hilifaaɓe) potnoo joofde e lewru mee ɓennundu nduu. Fotde 12 751 681 235 ugiyya yaltinaama ngam mawngo majjum, golle ɗee puɗɗiima ñalnde 26 noowammbar 2009, kono, e nder 145 kiloomeeteer potɗi maheede ɗii, ko 30 heen fat mahaa gila ndeen, yanti e kilooji 24 nder wuro Tintaan ngoo.l Makta Lasaar ina wondi e ɗomka ko ɓooyi. Ñalnde 23 noowammbar 2010, persidaa Abdel Asiis ardiima gaafgol haayre eɓɓaande Bouhchiche, fotnoonde ñawndande wuro ngoo caɗeele mum ndiyam. Ñalnde heen o wiyi « Ndeeɗoo eɓɓaande ina himmani laamu nguu no feewi, sibu ko nafoore yimɓe nokku oo fof »… Kono, hay jonte jawtuɗe ɗee tan, “yimɓe wuro ngoo ceppii kadi sabu caɗeele ndiyam… »
So waameeji toɓooli cakkitiiɗi ɗii nawaani ko heddinoo e ɗamaawu laatagol ɗee podooje kay


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He nder jeewte dawrugol Afirik haa teeŋti e mo Hirnaange oo, innde Ceemoko Garang Kuyaate ina yaha ina arta, ɗemɗe ina ndaadtoo. Kono holi gonnooɗo Ceemoko Garang Kuyaate ?
O jeyaa ko wuro Seegu, fotde kilooji 250 Fuɗnaange Bamako. Jannguɓe e daartiyankooɓe Malinaaɓe ina keewi ɓe nganndaa mo. Ɗuum addani en yiylaade binndanɗe jowitiiɗe he makko.
Dr Umar Marikoo mo heerto dawrugol SADI bayyiniino winndannde nde gooto e yahdiiɓe Ceemoko Garang Kuyaate winndunoo e makko. Ko o Madagaskaarnaajo, biyeteeɗo Solofo Randrianja, daraninooɗo hare huƴtinnde e koloñaal Farayse, jeyanooɗo e heerto Farayseejo kominist’en (PCF).
Hedde kitaale 1980 jannguɓe Malinaaɓe ngummanii wuurtinde darnde makko, ɓe cosi dillere inniraande « groupe des mouvements de lutte Tiemogo Garan Kouyaté – dental dille hare Ceemoko Garang Kuyaate ». Ardinoo dental ngal ko Pr Yoro Jakitee, e « ɓosiyanke Sheek Umaar Siisoko, e daartiyanke Diriisa Jaitee, e ñaawoowo Haamiidu Jabatee e sanɗa (ndeen) Umaar Marikoo. Woɗɓe kadi lolluɓe ina nodditironoo dillere ndee, hono Ceebele Daraame e woɗɓe wiyetenooɓe « daande bolsewikiyaagal ».
Nde henndu demokarasi naati, inɗe ubbanooɗe keewɗe ngubbitaama, so wonaa Ceemoko Garang Kuyaate. Holi ko waɗi ɗuum ? Innde Ceemoko Garang Kuyaate ina foti tigi ubbiteede. Seegunaaɓe e Malinaaɓe e Afirikinaaɓe daraniiɓe wuurtinde daartol men ina poti wuurtinde innde Ceemoko Garang Kuyaate. Dowla Mali ina foti nih ɗaɓɓude yo ko heddii e ɓanndu makko artire Segu.
Ceemoko Garang Kuyaate jibinaa ko 27 abiril 1902 to Seegu, o wardaa takko to wuro-dummbirdu Mauthausen (Autrishi) ñalnde 4 suliyee 1944. Ko o kaɓatnooɗo e koloñaal, ko o « kominist », o fiilaa kalfinaaɗo kuuɓal fedde « Ligue de Défense de la Race Nègre puis de – Maalde haɓantoonde leñol Ɓaleeɓe », kam e fedde “senndikaa” l’Union des Travailleurs Nègres – Dental Gollooɓe Ɓaleeɓe.
Baaba makko gollotonoo ko he njuɓɓudi laamu koloñaal. O adii janngude ko to duɗal William-Ponty. Nde o heɓi seedantaagal jannginoowo to William-Ponty, o wonti jannginoowo to Kodduwaar he kitaale 1921 haa 1923. Ko he 1923 o ɓenninaa leydi Farayse. O winnditii he duɗal Toowngal, o daranii hujjaaji sanɗaaji Afirikinaaɓe wonnooɓe toon. O waraa ko Almaañ e hitaande 1942, Almaañnaaɓe mbaɗi mo ko takko Aix-en-Provence. Kono o riiwa he ngal duɗal e 1926 sabi ɓe mbiyi omo waɗa jeeyngal “ kominist en ”. Ceemoko Garang Kuyaate fayi wuro Paris, o winndiyoo to duɗal toowngal Sorbonne, o anndondiri ɗoon e Lamin Senngoor, gorko daraninooɗo hujjaaji Ɓaleeɓe. Ɓe ngoni sehilaaɓe. Ko ndeen hitaande o naati e heerto kominist en – PCF. O waɗti gollaade to defterdu Hachette.
O nawdi heen mogiyaagal. Ko ndeen o anndondiri e debbo gaaciyanke ŋanaa Joséphine Baker. O yiɗi naatnude oo debbo dowluɗo he fedde makko daraniinde hujjaaji Ɓaleeɓe. Kono o dañaani.
Nde Lamin Senngoor maayi ñalnde 25 Nowambar 1927, Ceemoko Garang Kuyaate toɗɗaa ngardiingu fedde « Ligue de Défense de la Race Nègre puis de– Maalde haɓattoonde leñol Ɓaleeɓe ». O sakkiti tuugnorgal daraningal jeytaare leyɗe Afirik kalfaaɗe, e tabitino « sosiyaalsma ». Miijtannde yahri kesum, so sifaade lanndaaji renndooji Afirik, gila e hiiɗaaɓe haa e hiiɗooɓe. O holliti heen nafoore Afirik ko sosde leydi ngootiri. Ko he hitaande 1929 o seholondiri e Jomo Kenyata (mo leydi Kenya), e James W. Ford e George Padmore, e Marcus Garvey, e Du Bois (ɓe Dowlaaji Dentuɗi – USA), nde ɓe ngari tawtoreede kawtal winnderewal Saliiɓe Emperiyaal to Francfort (Almaañ).
Maa hedde 1930, Ceemoko Garang Kuyaate e yahdiiɓe mum Afiriknaaɓe e ɓe ngonaa pelliti sosde heertooji dawrugol e innde « kominist en » nder leyɗe Afirik. Ko ndeen senngo « Ɓaleeɓe » udditaa nder fedde « Winndereere Kominist’en – Internationale communiste ». Ardinoo senngo ngo Ford e Padmore. Ɗum kewnoo ko to wuro Moscou. Ɓe nawdi heen “ goomu hakkunde sendikaaji daraniiɗi Ɓaleeɓe Gollooɓe” – International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers (ITUC-NW). Ceemoko Garang Kuyaate toɗɗaa jooɗanii toon Afirik Hirnaange gonɗo les njiimaandi Farayse.
O etii wootiɗinde « dokkeer en » Ɓaleeɓe to Marseille e to gure Afirik hono Ndakaaru e Abidjan. Kono « kominist en » ɓe Farayse kaɓii ɗum sabu njiyri ɗum ko leñamleñamaagu, haɗa lannda « ubiriyeeji » renndude hare.
He 1931, o ari Marseille yuɓɓinde gollotooɓe « dokkeer en ». O nanngaa o sokaa. Nde o woppaa o fayi Moscou tawtoroyeede kawtal winnderewal senndikaaji. Ko ndeen o itti yimɓe Afirik ngari Moscou janngude ko fayti e « senndikaagal ». Ko ndeen kadi François Coty, faraysenaajo gardinooɗo jaaynde “ l’Ami du Peuple” – Musiɗɗo Ɓesngu), ummanii jeeyngal haɓde e Ceemoko. O wiyi yo Farayse reeno “ kominist en naatii Afirik”, bone « mboɗeeri naatii jiimaaɗe men ».
He lewru Saawiyee 1931, Maalde haɓattoonde leñol Ɓaleeɓe feƴtii. Ɓurɓe fellitde ɓee njahdi e Ceemoko, ɓe cosi « Union des Travailleurs Nègres – Dental Gollooɓe Ɓaleeɓe ». Ɓe cosi jaaynde wiyaa « Le Cri des Nègres – Wulaango Ɓaleeɓe ». Padmore walli ɓe. He lewru Suwee 1933, o yuɓɓini batu ngam sosde peŋgal sanɗaaji Afirik Hirnaange wonɓe Paris. Léopold Sédar Senghor ina tawtoraa nguun batu. Ɗum yumtaani ngati ko wayi no Léopold Sédar Senghor njaɓaani rewde e makko.
Ko he ndee hitaande o fuɗɗii luurdude e heerto kominist en Farayse (PCF). Nder lewru Oktoobar 1933, PCF yaltini mo heerto ngoo kam e « Union des Travailleurs Nègres – Dental Gollooɓe Ɓaleeɓe ». Renndini ɓe ko Ceemoko yiɗnoo ko renndinde Ɓaleeɓe, ɓeya noon ndaraninoo ko hare lanndaaji nde tuubakooɓe e Ɓaleeɓe fof ndenndi. Ɓe tuumi mo kadi « nguyka » ceede ɗe o halfinanoo, e jotondiral e añɓe dillere waklitere. Jaaynde PCF bayyini innde makko e natal makko, nder « doggol ɓalewol toŋ 2 » añɓe PCF sarata tuma fof. Ɓe mbiyi waɗi mo riiweede e PCF ko sabi makko « jogaade darnde peƴtooru e ngañgu PCF ». Lomtii mo ko musiɗɗo makko Ramananjato.
Ceemoko sosi fedde woɗnde e hitaande 1934, o inniri ɗum « Solidarité coloniale – Jokkere-enɗam Jiimaaɓe ». Ɓe ngoni e jeeyngal salaade wolde leydi Itali ummanii ngam huuraade e Ecopiya. Ko ndeen ɓe lelni « Comité de Défense d’Éthiopie – Goomu Falanaade Ecopiya ». O yahdi ɗoon e fedde ngenndiyanke Aljerinaajo Mesaali Haaj, wiyeteende « Etoile Nord-africiane – Hoodere Afiri-Rewo ». O waɗti bayyinde binndanɗe he jaaynde Messali Haaj wiyeteende El-Umma. Kanko e dawriyanke Faraysenaajo ina wiyee Marcel Griaule, ɓe coorii Paris aɓe cara miijooji salaare hare Itali fawi e Ecopiya.
Ceemoko jokki daranaade jeytaare leyɗe Afirik haa ɗuum addani mo sosde jaaynde wiyaa Africa he 1936. O maaldondiri e fedde dawrugol ngenndiyankooɓe wiyeteende « Front Populaire – Maalde Ɓesnguure ».
O liggii seeɗa nder jaagordu Kalifaandi ko adii nde Wolde Winndere 2ɓere. Nde Hitler huurii e Farayse tawi Ceemoko ina golloo « mbayla » Montluçon. Woodi bonnuɓe mbayla kaa, Almaañnaaɓe naamndii yo o haalan ɗum en waɗɓe ɗee golle. O salii haalde. Wattan fof ko Gestapo (« polis » Almaañ nder Farayse) jaggi mo he 1943, o fayraa Dummbirdu Mauthausen to Autriche ñalnde 18 Settaambar 1943. Ɗoon o maayi ñalnde 4 Suliyee 1944.
Aamadu Malal Gey


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NO MARKUUSA YOTTINIRI LINJIILA ON NON
1
Fii Waaju Annabi Yaayaa ngun
1 Ko fuɗɗoode Kibaaru Moƴƴo Iisaa Almasiihu, *Ɓiɗɗo Alla on, nii. 2 Wano windori non ka deftere annabi *Isaaya:
«Awa, miɗo imminde nulaaɗo an on yeeso maa,
fii ko fertano-maa laawol maa ngol.»
3 «Kaa hawa ko hawa ewnotooɗo ka wulaa, wi'a:
‹Moƴƴinee laawol Joomiraaɗo on,
fewnon juri makko ɗin!› »a
4 Yaayaa yaltiti no *loota maande tuubuubuyee ka wulaa, e himo waajoo yimɓe ɓen yo ɓe aru, ɓe *lootee maande tuubuubuyee fii yo junuubaaji maɓɓe ɗin yaafe. 5 Yimɓe diiwal *Yahuuda ngal fow e hoɗuɓe *Yerusalaam ɓen fow ari e makko. Ɓe qirritii junuubaaji maɓɓe ɗin, o looti ɓe maande tuubuubuyee ka maayo Yurdayniwol. 6 Tawi dolokke Yaayaa on ko leeɓi ngelooba, dattol keeci makko ɗin ko guri. Tawi ko kanu e njuuri buruure o ɲaamata. 7 Kanko Yaayaa o wi'i: «Ɓurɗo lan doole on no arude ɓaawo an mo mi hewtaa hay ugginagol, firta ɓoggi paɗe mun. 8 Min ko ndiyan mi woni on lootirde, kono kanko ko *Ruuhu Seniiɗo on o lootirta on.»
Fii Lootegol Iisaa e Ndarndegol Makko
9 Ko e on saa'i ɗon Iisaa iwi saare Naasirata e nder Jaliilu. Yaayaa looti mo Yurdayniwol. 10 E saa'i mo o ƴawaynoo ka ndiyan on, o yi'i kammu ngun no udditoo, Ruuhu Allaahu on no tippora e makko wa gabooru. 11 Onsay hawa nanii ka kammu, no wi'a: «Ko an woni Ɓiɗɗo an yiɗaaɗo on, miɗo weltor-maa.»
12 Onsay kisan, Ruuhu Allaahu on nawri Iisaa ka wulaa. 13 O woni ka wulaa e nder balɗe cappanɗe nay, Ibuliisa no ndarndoo mo. Tawi ko kulle buruure ɗen o wondi, malaa'ikaaɓe ɓen no kurkanoo mo.
Fii Ɓe Iisaa Adii Noddude ɓen
14 Ɓay wonii Yaayaa wattaama e joge, Iisaa yahi Jaliilu, tawi himo waajoo fii Kibaaru Moƴƴo Alla on, 15 himo wi'a: «Saa'i on hewtii, awa kadi *laamu Alla ngun ɓadike! Tuubee, gomɗinon Kibaaru Moƴƴo on!»
16 E nder ko o takkotoo *Weendu Jaliilu ndun kon, o yi'i Sim'uunu e Andaraawu miɲɲiraawo mun on no bugoo *jalaaji ka weendu, ko fii hari ko ɓe yungooɓe. 17 Iisaa wi'i ɓe: «Jokkee lan, mi wattay on yungooɓe yimɓe.» 18 Ɗon kisan ɓe acciti jalaaji ɗin, ɓe jokki mo.
19 No ɓe yaarunoo seeɗa, Iisaa yi'i Yaaquuba ɓiɗɗo Zabadii on, e Yuuhanna miɲan makko kanko Yaaquuba, tawi ɓen kadi no e nder laana, hiɓe moƴƴintina jalaaji maɓɓe. 20 Kanko Iisaa o noddi ɓe kisan, ɓe acci ɗon ben maɓɓe Zabadii ka nder laana, wondude e ƴettanooɓe golle ɓen, ɓe jokki mo.
Fii no Iisaa Raɗori Jinnawii e nder Neɗɗo
21 Ɓe yahi Kafernahuum. E *ɲalaande fowteteende nden, ɗun ko aseweere nden, Iisaa naati ka juulirde, woni e jannugol. 22 Ko o jannaynoo kon ŋalɗini jamaa on, ko fii himo janniraynoo bawgal, hara wonaa wano jannooɓe fii Sariya on ɓen janniraynoo non. 23 Hawrondiri neɗɗo no ka juulirde maɓɓe ɗon mo jinnawii bonngii nangi, on sonki, wi'i: 24 «Hey ko honɗun faalanaɗaa men, an Iisaa oo jeyaaɗo Naasirata? Hara ko mulugol men aranɗaa? Min miɗo andi ko hombo wonu-maa, ko a *Seniiɗo mo Alla!»
25 Onsay Iisaa yamiri ngii, wi'i: «Fanku, yaltaa e oo neɗɗo!» 26 Onsay ngin jinnawii yeƴi on neɗɗo, ngii yalti e makko, hingii haaca ko tiiɗi.
27 Fow ŋalɗi, landondiri, ɓe wi'i: «Ko honɗun woni ɗu'un? Ko jannde heyre ardunde bawgal. Himo yamira hay jinnaaji bonɗi ɗin, ɗi ɗoftoo mo!» 28 Onsay kisan, kibaaru fii makko lolli e nder diiwal Jaliilu ngal fow.
Fii no Iisaa Ɲawndiri Nawnuɓe buy
29 Ɓay ɓe yaltii ka juulirde ɗon, kamɓe e Yaaquuba e Yuuhanna, ɓe yahi ka galle Sim'uunu e Andaraawu. 30 Tawi esiraawo Sim'uunu suddiiɗo on no waalii nawnaare nguli-ɓandu. Tun, ɓe wowlani Iisaa fii makko. 31 Iisaa ɓadii mo, nangi jungo ngon, immini mo. Nguli-ɓandu kin yalti e makko, kanko debbo on o woni e kurkanagol ɓe.
32 Ɓay niɓɓii, wonii naange ngen mutii, ɓe addani mo ɲawɓe ɓen fow e ɓe jinna nangi ɓen fow. 33 Tawi saare nden fow no mottondiri ka yeeso dambugal. 34 O sellini ɲawɓe buy, tampirnooɓe ɲabbeeli nooneeji nooneeji. O raɗii kadi jinnaaji buy, o salii ɗi wowla, ɓay hari hiɗi andi mo.
Fii no Iisaa Waajori e nder Jaliilu
35 Bimbi nden ɲande subaka, tawi hentaaki taho, o immii, o yalti, o yaari e nokkuure wulɗinnde, o woni e toragol Alla. 36 Onsay Sim'uunu e ɓe o wondunoo ɓen woni e ɗaɓɓitugol mo. 37 Ɓay wonii ɓe yi'ii mo, ɓe wi'i mo: «Fow no ɗaɓɓitude on.»
38 Iisaa jaabii ɓe, o wi'i: «Yahen ka koɗooli kawtirɗi e ɗoo, fii yo mi waajo ton kadi, ko fii ko ɗun addimmi.» 39 Onsay o yahi e nder Jaliilu fow, himo waajoo e nder juulirɗe ɗen, raɗoo jinna.
Fii no Iisaa Ɲawndiri mo Ɗamajan
40 Onsay mo ɗamajan ari e makko, jiccii, jeeji mo, wi'i: «Si hiɗon yiɗi, hiɗon waawi lan sellinde, mi laaɓa.»
41 Iisaa yurmaa mo, fonti jungo mun ngon, meemi mo, wi'i: «Miɗo yiɗi, laato selluɗo laaɓaa.» 42 Ɗon kisan, ɗamajan ɗan iwi e makko, o selli, o laaɓi.
43 Iisaa immintini mo kisan e hoore yamiroore sattunde, 44 o wi'i mo: «Reeno wota a wowlan ɗun hay gooto, kono yahu hollitoyoɗaa *yottinoowo sadaka on, ittaa sadaka fii ko laɓɓinaɗaa kon wano Muusaa yamiri non, fii yo ɗun wonan ɓe seedee.» 45 Ɓay wonii on neɗɗo yahii, o woni e wowlugol towna ko waɗi kon, e lollingol haa tawi Iisaa waawataa naatude han kadi e saare e kene, kono ko ka ɓaawo ka wulɗini o wonaynoo. Tawi no iwree e cenɗe ɗen fow, aree e makko.


text:
Hoorde balɗe tati timmuɗe ina waawi wuurtinde paɗɗorɗe ɓalndu fof. E wiyde annduɓe wiɗtooɓe wonɓe to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Karolin Worgo (Dental Dowlaaji Amerik), « hoorde balɗe tati timmuɗe ina waawi wuurtinde paɗɗorɗe ɓalndu fof ». Ɗum woni, e no ɓe mbiyri “heyɗinde” ɓalndu 72 waktu (balɗe tati deggondirɗe) ina addana celule boofe (walla selilaaji boofi : cellules souches) fuɗɗitaade feewnude biige daneeje (globules blancs).
Hoorde balɗe tati timmuɗe ina waawi wuurtinde paɗɗorɗe ɓalndu fof. E wiyde annduɓe wiɗtooɓe wonɓe to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Karolin Worgo (Dental Dowlaaji Amerik), « hoorde balɗe tati timmuɗe ina waawi wuurtinde paɗɗorɗe ɓalndu fof ». Ɗum woni, e no ɓe mbiyri “heyɗinde” ɓalndu 72 waktu (balɗe tati deggondirɗe) ina addana celule boofe (walla selilaaji boofi : cellules souches) fuɗɗitaade feewnude biige daneeje (globules blancs).
Ɗumɗoo ina wallita ɓalli nayeeɓe waawde haɓtaade mborosaaji e ñawbuuli, sibu neɗɗo mawnat tan kattanɗe ɓalndu mum to bannge dartagol ñawbuuli ina ustoo. Ko noon kadi wonande yimɓe ɓe paddorɗe ɓalli mum en mboni, ko wayi no wonduɓe e Sida, e yeru.
Ɗum haaɗaani ɗoon tan, e wiyde maɓɓe : « kabaaru belɗo goɗɗo oo, ko so neɗɗo hoorii, ɓalndu mum yondintaako tan e feewnude biige daneeje kese. So neɗɗo hoorii, ɓalndu mum seertat e denndaangal celule maayɗe walla bonɗe walla nayeeje no feewi ». Ɗum firti ko ɓalndu ina « lawƴoo » walla ina lootoo kala ko maayi walla ko naywi ko wonnoo e nder mum, no lekki demminaare seertirta e baramlefi maayɗi walla nasliiɗi nii, wilta baramlefi kesi nii.
E no Porfeseer Valter Longo wiyri « kala hoorannde, puɗtugol ɗee biige daneeje ina wuurtina tippudi paddorɗe ». « So aɗa maaya heege, ɓalndu maa wonata ko e etaade wowaade semmbe, e nder ɗuum, feere ɓurnde ɓadaade ɗum ko ñaamtaade celule keewɗe paddorɗe nattuɗe nafde, ko wayi no celule ñawɗe walla bonɗe ».
Kono e oo sahaa ɓe ngoni ko e waɗde jarribooji goɗɗi hade maɓɓe waɗtude wasiyaade nayeeɓe ñawɓe Sida koorka, sibu koorka maɓɓe ina ɗaɓɓi ndeenka.
Ƴoogirde : topsante.com
Tesko : kabaaru oo bayyinaa ko hedde 12 suwee 2014 e tiitoonde : « 3 jours de jeûne permettent de régénérer le système immunitaire »..
Faccirooji
. Celule (Cellules)
Selulere (toɓɓere) woni « taƴre » ɓurnde famɗude waawnde gollaade e yeñde wonnde e kala ko sooraa fittaandu (wirisaaji ngalaa heen). No paamirten, ɓoccoonde debbo e kañtulol gorko ko kam en ndentata ngonta toɓɓere (selulere). Ina wayi no ko ndeen toɓɓere wonata e sowaade haa wonta kette, ɗeen kette ngonta terɗe e fawaade e golle heen toɓɓere kala halfinaa. Selulere kala ko kullel guurngel e nder terɗe keewcelule (baɗɗe celule keewɗe), guurngel bannge mum, kono jokkondirngel e celule goɗɗe tergal woni ngal.
Ɓalndu neɗɗo kellifaaɗo ina waɗa ko ina tolnoo e 1014 selulere. Kono bateriiji gonɗi e ɓalndu neɗɗo ina cowoo ɗum laabi sappo, woni keeweendi majji ko hedde 1015, tawi ko ɓuri heen heewde ngoni ko e dolirgol (hunuko – goddol – kuuse – tekteki).
Ko ɓuri heewde e celule ɓalndu aadee mawneeki mum en ko hedde mikoromeeteruuji sappo. Mikoromeeteer woni meeteer peccaaɗo laabi miliyoŋ. Ko nii winndirtee um.
1 um = 0,000 001 m. Tekkeendi leeɓol ko hedde 50 um, woni tekkeendi celule 5…
. Biige ƴiiƴam (Globules sanguins).
Biige ƴiiƴam walla mbiyen celule ƴiiƴam ko pelle tati wonande aadee e kulle muuyninooje (baɗɗe enɗi). Heen fedde kala ina jogii golle e nafoore heeriinde.
– Celule daneeje (biige daneeje : globules blancs) ɗe nafoore mum woni faddaade ñawbuuli hoto naatde e ɓalndu joom mum. Kañje ne eɗe peccitii e pelle pelle… Ɗe ummutoo ko e mbuwa ƴiye. Eɗe tawee e ƴiiƴam, kono kadi e won e terɗe, ko wayi no ñaale, takaɗemɗi.
– Celule boɗeeje (biige boɗeeje : globules rouges) : nafoore majje ko roondaade oksiseen (O2).
– Celule berke (plaquettes) : ina jeyaa e nafoore majje fenndude ƴiiƴam.
———
1010 = 10 000 000 000 (miliyaaruuji sappo)
1014 = 100 000 000 000 000 (temedere ujunere miliyaar)
Bookara Aamadu Bah


text:
Caggal naattugol e Dental Afrik, laamɗo Maruk, hono Muhammed VI ɗaɓɓii naatgol Maruk e Dental faggudu dowlaaji hirnaange Afrik, hono CEDEAO. Eɗen ciftora e diskuur mo o waɗnoo to Adis Abebaa, ɗo o ñiŋnoo no feewi doŋkugol Dental Magreb Arab (UMA) waɗde huunde, o teeŋtini nafoore wonnde e cosgol dente diiwaniije coftuɗe, haa teeŋti noon e CEDEAO : « annoore Dental Magreb Arab ñifii, sibu nattugol goongɗinde jiydigol nafoore », hankadi Maruk hiisii « ko Afrik woni galle mum paarnorɗo ».
Ɗaɓɓaande ndee waɗaa ko ñalnde aljumaa 24/02/2017 rewrude e haala laamɗo oo e hoore mum kam e bayyinaango ɗo feeñninaa wonde Laamu Maruk habrii sokna Ellen Johnson Sirleaf hooreejo leydi Liberiyaa, gardiiɗo CEDEAO e oo sahaa, yiɗde mum jeyeede e ngalɗoo dental. Ina feeñi heen wonde Maruk « ina jaɓi doosɗe cosɗe CEDEAO ɗee » tee « ina huuɓni sarɗiiji jeyegol e dental ngal ». Bayyinaango ngoo mantii no feewi dental ngal « sibu mum jeyeede e dente ɓurɗe yahrude yeeso e nder Afrik”. Ngo siftinii 23 njillu laamɗo oo waɗi e nder 11 leydi diwaan oo, siifondiraa heen nanondire gollondiral keewɗe. Ina wiyaa heen wonde ko Alla waɗi, ko e oo nokku Maruk jeyaa, tee ko « ɗoo wallidiiɓe mum politik ngoni ». Ɗum jiidaa e gollondire to bannge faggudu ɓurɗe tiiɗde.
Ndee feere ina woɗɗondiri e politik goɗɗitagol leyɗe worgo Saharaa, mo Muritani rewi ko ina wona duuɓi jooni, gila yalti dental ngal ñalnde talaata 26/12/2000. Eɗen ciftora ñiŋooje ardiiɓe leydi ndii feewde e CEDEAO nde ummanii woppinde Yaayaa Jaame laamu caggal nde hawaa e woote. Ko ɗuum kadi feeñi e fitina caabiiɗo ƴeeŋtingol awooɓe senegaalnaaɓe e tufɗe awo Muritani, ɓe nganndu-ɗaa gila dawaa dawi ko kañum en kuuɓnatnoo soklaaji Muritaninaaɓe to bannge liɗɗi.
So ɗaɓɓaande Maruk ndee jaɓaama, Muritani waytata e diiwaan hee ko no Gammbi wayi e Senegaal nii, alaa no waawoyta waɗde, so wonaa naattude heen, walla fekkorde.
Bookara Aamadu Bah


text:
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text:
Ina anndanoo wonde tiggu, so heɓii lebbi ɗiɗi haa tati, ina tina, won heen boom ina mbaɗta muuynude gila ɗoon feɗeendu mum en wordu. So yahii haa lebbi nay, kine makko ina mbaɗta tinde keneeli, ɗemngal makko ina seernda ko weli e ko metti … Kono, wiyeede tiggu ina ekkoo haalde gila e nder reedu ! Ɗuum suwaano tawo naneede.
Kono, ko ɗuum dey woni ko wiɗto annduɓe Ameriknaaɓe e Suwednaaɓe holliti : wonde, tiggu woowata ɗemngal yumma mum, ko gila e nder reedu mum. Ngam ɗuum, tiggu oo fuɗɗotoo heɗaade yumma mum ko gila ina yahra e jonte 30 nder reedu (lebbi jeegom). Ɗum noon, so oɗon njiɗi sukaaɓe mon mbaawa ɗemngal no moƴƴi, yo yummiraaɓe maɓɓe njanngin ɓe gila ɓe njibinaaka, sibu hollitaama wonde tiggu jahroowo e lebbi jeegom nder reedu yumma mum, ina faama won ɗeen kelme. Aɓe mbaawi seerndude kelme jeyaaɗe e ɗemngal maɓɓe e kelme ɗemɗe janane. Tiggu ina heɗoo yumma mum gila jibinaaka. Ko ɗum addanta ɗum heɓtinde daande mum…
Fooyre Ɓamtaare 107 , feebariyee 2013


text:
Yeru no Tagɗo winndere ndee oo nii, e ňeeňal Mum, waawde waylitde tagde e tagtaade, haa e wayliwaylinde sahaaji kitaale; neɗɗo ne, ko e ɗiin sifaaji abbii.
E kala sahaa, njiɗaten ko ɓeydaade hoonaade, yuɓɓinde nguurndam men haa ɓura semorde haa e jiimtude e dow ko taarii en koo : gila e yimɓe, kulle ladde, wertaango leydi e asamaan e diƳƳe haa e naange. Ko e ngal ɗoo jaɓɓal tan, gila aadee tagaa, darii e dow leydi, dartorii yiɗde eeltirde sato mum, taariindi mum, doole mum oole, hakilantaagal mum, peeje mum e peccorɗe mum.
E nduun yahdu, yiɗde daraade wona, wooda ko firti, ɗii leƳƳi ndaɗɗa peeje mawɗe, toɓɓa tabitinde paandaale, e fotde no leƳƳi mbaydi, to bannge pellital, ɗiya njogoo looyndanɗe ɓadiiɗe, hakkundeeje haa e deestiiɗe.
Ɗiya too njayoo walla ŋaafta, e nder tabitingol mumen majje, goɗɗi ngona e ɓafde walla yahrude yahdu beňtiti-boofo, sabu waasde jogaade looyndotooɓe e looyndantooɓe ɗum waylowaylooji jamaanu.
Ɗii ɗoo ngona gaɗa’aɗali. Ɗiya too, sabu toowal jaŋde mumen, ŋaarnoo, njuɓɓina paandale, ndaroo kadi e fewjande winndere e jaɓnude leƳƳi kalfanooɗi ɗii ko yahdaani e neesuuji mumen e finaa-tawaa mumen.
Ɗiin ngoni leƳƳi ɗaaniiɗi haa kari, meeɗnooɗi wonde, poolaa, ceyfitaa, eɗi cikka eɗi ngetoo fiɗɗitaade e ŋarbiŋarbinde, tawa ɗi ɓosaani. Ko jahtirgol majji caggal ɓuri yiytinaade e jahrugol majji yeeso !
Sabu ko ɗi keedaaɗi e hakkillaaji majji, jiimaaɗi, ɗi njoganaaki hay huunde koye majji. Eɗen, eɗen mbaawi wiyde, welaani haa welaani noon, kono ko e ngoo senngo keed-ɗen !
Eɗen ngetoo wiyde eɗen ndenndina kaɓirɗe men fof, ngam dawande walla hirndande haa njetto-ɗen e paandale ceerndooje en nguurndam ndoofoliɗɗam, miskineejam, kono en cuwaa tawo ferde ngeriyol, yeru no ɗiin leƳƳi ŋaarniiɗi, ɗi en cooynotaako punndi mumen.
Mbele ummaade e ko keɓ-ɗen jeytaare men fa’de hannde, nguurndam men wayliima haa ɓurtii no waynoo ndeen nii ? Walla alaa ko en yahtirɓe caggal !? Hol teppi renndo men jogii ? E hol no ngo tepporii ? E hol no ngo teppitortoo ?
Mbele enen ne, eɗen njogii paandale ɓadiiɗe, hakkundeeje e deestiiɗe, ɗe toɓɓu-ɗen ngam renndo men waawa heddaade e duumaade e nguurndam, ɗam Alla dottani aduna oo ? Tawa kadi engol wuuri moƳƳam ? Hol no mbaɗaten haa ɗee naamnde e ko wonaa ɗee tan, keɓa jaabawuuji celluɗi, ɗi tuugoto-ɗen haa njiyto-ɗen koye men e buklet baklet aduna baawɗo wuureede fof ? Ɗum ko naamnde. Tee ko potɗe lelnaneede jaabawuuji celluɗi, hay so en nduuɗiima alaa goɗɗo foti jaabanaade en ɗe.
So woɗɓe ndaraniima yiɗde jaabanaade en ne, ɗiin jaabawuuji, ngonata tan ko wutte potndaaɗo e jullaare, mo kettana-ɗen, tawa o yahdaani e no tagori-ɗen walla no njiɗir-ɗen yo o way nii.
Duuɓi teemedde, ko adii hannde, mawɓe nde njanngi paami, ndarinooma e addude waylowaylooji e njuɓɓudi nguurndam mumen, ndarni laamuuji, ňiiɓni sariya e potal, cemmbini jaŋde e golle, calii yawaare, pooɗti ngenndiiji goɗɗi, mbaɗti e ɗi mumen.
Ko e dow eɓɓoore waɗtude Afrik Ɓaleeri ngenndi ngootiri e dow gardogol Fulɓe, tuubakooɓe tawnoo en. Ngenndi puɗɗoriindi hirnaange Afrik ceɓɓitiiɗo haa yettani maa ŋore Maayo Woɗeewo. E dow gardogol Alhajji Umar Al Fuutiyyu, Gedewiyyu, Halwaariyyu e Usmaan Ɓiy Foodiyyu DEM, to Sokoto, darnunooɗo Ngenndi Lislaamiyankoori. Eɗen mbaawi siftinde mbiyen galle Maam Sheekh Usmaan Foodiyyu’ en dawi ko Fuuta Tooro.
Ko e ɗee golle jooɗɗe, labaaɗe, laaɓtuɗe, ɗe daartol yejjittaa, potɗe siftineede e siftoreede yonta kala garɗo, tuubakiri tawnoo maamiraaɓe men wasorɓe, ɓe inɗe mumen mbinndirtee e daartol alkule kaŋŋe e kaalis.
Mbele maa ɗeen golle maamiraaɓe wasorɓe mbaɗ kedde no foti fof e ɓernde gooto e men kala, waɗa baɗte kadi e hakkille mum, waawa ɗum janngirde ngonka sahaa mum e waylowaylooji jamaanu ?!
Nde tawnoo ko heewi daňaama, tawi saabii ɗum ko darnde mawɓe hanki, mbele eɗen cikki sinno fof wonaano nii sabu darnde yiytiniinde, feeňnde e suuɗiinde, alliyankoore, ma en keɓatno fartaŋŋe e neɗɗaagal ngal keɓ-ɗen ngal tawi baɗteeji mum ina keddii haa jooni e men, hay so tawii nii ko seeɗa keddora-ɗen e ɗiin baɗteeji ? Haa jooni, teddungal e barkeeji ndon-ɗen e maɓɓe ɗii suytaani, batteeji majji ina keddii e men, hay so en mejaani keddogol majji !
Ɗeen golwole, ɗe maamiraaɓe men mbaɗnoo, dartinaaɗe e daartol, ko ina abboo e teemedere hitaande fawnde, waɗii sabaabu haa nattu-ɗen jiimde, ngontu-ɗen jiimaaɓe, potnda-ɗen e ɓe njiimno-ɗen walla nii njiimtinaa e men ! Ko ɓuri tabitde e sellude koo !
Wadde, gila jeytaare heɓaa, en ndonkii feewnitaade, en ndonkii yiytaade koye men e njuɓɓudi kesiri pawaandi e dow men ndii. Tee, ko goonga, en mbaawataa yiytaade koye men e mayri sabu ndi waɗiraaka, mahraaka yo en njiyto koye men e mayri walla e majje, kannje leyɗeele ɗee.
Laamateri ndii joƳƳiniraa ko halfude en haa cay ! Wonaa rimɗinde en. Kono en ndonkii yiyde ɗuum. Ko eɗen pitoo, eɗen ndumpoo, eɗen pettoo tan e nder wemmbeende ! Ko ɗum laamu Fuunti – Funeere e men. Laamu fatara, laamu yahii, laamu artaani ! E raawre ndee, lommbi-ɗen walla njooɗi-ɗen ko e kaayaa-mbeeyaa.
Jooni noon, e seeɗa mo keddora-ɗen oo, hol no mbaɗaten haa keɓɓito-ɗen ndimaagu men, neɗɗaagal men e finaa-tawaa men?
Ɗuum fawii tan ko e jogaade _*Eɓɓoore Renndoyankoore*_, hono _Projet de Société_, so en kaalii tuubankoore; kayre eɓɓoore ndee, joƳƳinta nde ko annduɓe e alɗuɓe, liggoo nde kadi tawa ko e suuɗnde. Sabu hannde, hay miijooji defeteeɗi, ɗi cuwaa rotte, ina ngujjee, nawanee aňɓe, ɓeen kebanoo firtude ɗi, e peeje mumen limtilimtinɗe ɗe nganndodtaako. Nde tawnoo sago mumen tan ko hoto en njiy cereeli naange, ko yo en keddo e niɓɓere tan ina kuutoroo en haa cay.
Musidɓe tedduɓe, ciftoren fulɓe tinndii, mbiyii : _Aduna ňiɓaaki, ko ko ɓaarii!_, ɓe pawti heen kadi ɓe mbiyi : _Alla ina waawi rokkude ma tumbude, kono hebbinde nde ko e maa waɗɗii_. Hay huunde alaa ko mbaaw-ɗen heɓde ina fawaa e mbeɗu kaŋŋe, tawa en pellitanaani ɗum.
Ko maa potnden e waylaare ngonka men : ” _kasoo e kasaŋka, ɗeɗɗeede e ɗeeɗeede fof_, tuugaade e no Mammadu Sammba JOOB, Murtuɗo woowiri wiyde. So ɗuum ronkaama, keddoto-ɗen ko e les njiimaandi leƳƳi goɗɗi haa leydi taggee ɓaaree ! Moolaare Alla e men e ɗuum !
Mawɓe men wasorɓe ɓeya no njanngirnoo pini, paami haa ndarni ngenndiiji tiiɗɗi nii, enen ne, so en pellitii heɓɓitaade ngonka men tuugaade e boli laaɓtuɗi, ganndaaɗi, ɗi leƳƳi pilňitiiɗi ndewnoo, ina gasa njettoyo-ɗen e rommet faandaare men.
Sabu, nganndee koy, kala no ɓurdu-ɗen leeltirde e tabitinirde ndeen ummannde, ko ko : *Ɓuri sasa yanata e woyndu !*. Ngonten dawneteeɓe ina kirndoo, ngonten tumarankooɓe e ngenndiiji men, yeru no Palastiinnaaɓe ngontiri hoɓɓe e ngenndi mumen !
Yoo Alla daɗndu en e limteede e leƳƳi gadinooɗi finde, cakkitii sulmaade, haa e waɗtoreede e doggol leƳƳi nattuɗi woodde e nder jukunnde daartol !
Waawi falanaade en ɗuum e salanaade en ɗuum tan, ko alɗuɓe men e annduɓe men, dawrugoliyankooɓe men, tawa noon kadi ko ina ngondi, kaňumen fof cuusal e caasal, ňoortude gurel-gacce e cewiram-yeesaagu e yeeso jiimnooɓe en haa e laamuuji men, ɗi cuwaa tawo haa jooni fellitde daranaade ɓesnguuji leyɗeele mumen haa e fotndude ɗumen e hakkeeji e faggudu e ngooɗelaaji renndo fof !
So hakkeeji leňol men e laamu fof keɓdaama, ndeen, maa Kanngameeji men daraninooɗi ngenndiiji men ɗaano jamyamol e nder gaňňeeje mumen !
Ko ɗo Alla mballinto-ɗen to Arwannde e to Wattannde, yo O wallu en !
Kuɗol : Aamadu Tijjaani Siidi Bintu Shariif, winndiyanke. wiɗtiyanke


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Ganndo mawɗo ko faati e ɓalliwal (fisik), biyeteeɗo Stephan Hawkings sankiima ñalnde alarba 14 marse 2018. Ko o ganndo biritannaajo lolluɗo e nder annduɓe, fanniyanke ko faati e ɓalliwal miijiwal (physique théorique), e hiisiwal, haa arti e gannde weeyo (astrofisik) hono ɓalliwal paatungal e kuule asamaan (koode, tagopeeje, geɗe gonɗe hakkunde koode ekn ), ko wayi no annoore mum en, ñisngo mum en, nguleeki mum en, ɓakdi mum en, cañuki mum en, ekn.
O jibinaa ko ñalnde 8 saawiyee 1942 to Oxford (Angalteer). O waɗi nguurndam makko fof ko e sunnaade e wiɗtude geɗe cuuɗiiɗe e winndere ndee. O jaggiraa ko no wage nii e nder annduɓe ɓalliwal, teeŋtini ɗum noon ko o sellaano ko ɓooyi, haa o woofɗi, kono ɗuum haɗaani hakkille makko ɓeydaade yuumtude e soñtude. E 1988 o winndii deftere tiitoriinde « A Brief History of Time » (Daartol daɓɓol sahaa).
Won nawdooɓe mo e Albert Einstein e Isaac Newton, kono won wiyɓe kadi hono Einstein weeɓaani dañtude.


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Ko nuɗɗininoo ɗii duuɓi kala filñitiima, ɗum woni fitina hakkunde Israayiil e Palestiin toon to fuɗɗaange hakkundeejo e nder aduna oo. Fitina mo nganndu-ɗaa ko gaannuɗo, sabu o ruppitiima gila e hitaande 1920, duuɓi 120 hikka. Pelmondire ɓurɗe maantinde heen ko kareeli kitaale 1948, 1967 (hakkunde Israyiil e yoga e leyɗeele aarabeeɓe), 2014 e 2021, jiidaani e pelɓondire sahaa kala e ɓesngu e leɓte feewde e mum.
Jubbannde seeɗa e daartol
Ko caggal wolde adunaare ɗimmere (39-45), fedde dowlaaji dentuɗi sosi Dowla Israyiil e dow ngenndi nganndiranoondi leydi palestiinnaaɓe : heen feccere (50%) rokkaa Israyiil, Palestiin rokkaa 43% e leydi hee, 7% keddiiɗo oo wiya yo heddo nokku gonɗo e njiimaandi ONU, wona nokku diineeji tawde nokku oo tawaama ina moofti sifaaji diineeji guurdunooɗi e nokku hee (juulɓe, yahuud en, kereceeji en ekn…). Eɗen paama e ɗuum, saabii ndeeɗoo yiɗande ko leyɗeele hirnaange ɗee ina mbaɗi won ñamaande nde Israyiil rewata ɗum en, sabu ko nanndo maɓɓe, leydi Almaañ e wallidiiɓe mum ngaddunoo ownugol hakkillaaji Yahuud en e nder duunde Orop, teeŋti noon e nder wolde adunaŋkoore ɗimmere ndee. Laamɗo Almaañ e oon sahaa, Hitler, sulminoo ko mumtude Yahuud en e nder winndere hee, sabu e miijo makko « ko ngol leñol bonngol ngol rimɗaani » etee, o yiɗaa ngol jillondira e « leñol Ariyen » (leñol ngol o jeyaa ngol) sabu e miijo makko, « ɓeen ɓuri leƴƴi kala sabu ndimaagu mum en, ŋari mum en e ƴoyre mumen ». E nder yoga e leyɗeele ɗe ɓe tiimnoo e nder Orop, ɓe keedi e Yahuud en e hakkillaaji mum en, ɓe ndummbi ɗum en nder tuddule ɗo ɓe curi ɗum en, ɓe mbari yoga heen, tawi parkaa ko gaasuuji barooji, ɓee heen njuɗaa e nder fuuruuji, ɓeen « taccina keeri leyɗeele ɗo njeyanoo paanaa leyɗeele goɗɗe (mate ko ɗuum Maawiya ñemmbunoo ?) » Kala bone añam leñaagu ɓe ngollaa. Ko ɗum addani leyɗeele hirnaange miijaade ndaarande ɓe to ɓe koɗi sabu ko ɓe sariiɓe e nder winndere hee etee eɓe ciicaa, njawaa maa wonii ko to bannge jotondiral maɓɓe e renndooji goɗɗi, walla to bannge diine, teeŋti noon wonannde juulɓe.
Ko duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal wolde ɗimmere ndee ONU felliti hoɗnoyde ɓe e nokku fuɗnaange hakkundeejo oo, hono leydi Palestiin, hay so tawii noon won e leñol Yahuud en tawetenooɓe toon, kono keeweendi maɓɓe yerondirtenooka e aarabeeɓe ɓee. E oon sahaa, ɓe kiistenoo ko 94 000 aadee, aarabeeɓe ɓee tolnoyiimooma e 690 000 aadee. Ina teskaa gila e oon sahaa leƴƴi ɗii ngonaa belduɗi, luure maɓɓe pawii ko e añamleñaagu maa ceertugol diineeji, kono pelɓondiral maɓɓe bonngal gadanal ko e hitaande 1948, haa ɗum jibini daaygol mawngol wonande leƴƴi ɗii ɗiɗi : fotde 700 000 palestinnaajo e fotde 800 000 yahuud, jiidaani noon e daaygol ɗimmol palestinnaaɓe caggal wolde 1967 jolnoonde hakkunde Israyiil e leyɗeele aarabeeɓe (Misranaaɓe, Sirinaaɓe e Sordanii), ko ndeen saabii daaygol mawngol palestinnaaɓe e nder leyɗeele aduna oo, eɓe qiimee hannde ɓe ɓurii miliyoŋaaji nay aadee pawɗi, Israyiil jooɗii e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e nder leyɗeele aarabeeɓe : Golan ; Sordanii, Sisjordanii… Eɗen poti teskaade wonde gila e hitaande 1896 won hoohooɓe yahuud en miijii sosde dillere wiyeteende « siyonism » tawi faandaare mum ko sompude dowla e nder leydi Palestiin, ɗuha heen yahuud en, ɗum woni dowla Israayiil. E hitaande 1917, laamu Engele en, tawde ko kam en tiimnoo leydi Palestiin, peññini bayyinaango lollirngo “bayyinaango Balfuur” wonde pellitii sompude fooyre ngenndi yahuud en e nder leydi Palestiin, ko ɗum waɗi e joofirde wolde ɗimmere e hitaande 1945 e pusgol tuddule yahuud en ɗo ndummbanoo, ɓe uujani leydi Palestiin, miijo dillere siyonist en fuɗɗii siyneede, gila ndeen noon deeyre alaa toon.
Wolde tataɓere ɗee balɗe
Ko jolnoo e hitaande 2014 saabii ɗum ko seyɗaane mo Donald Trump findinnoo sabu o huninooma, so tawii o heɓii lefol laamu, maa o eggin laamorgo leydi Israyiil Tel Aviv, o faatira ɗum Jerusalem, ko ɗum wonnoo caggal wolde « balɗe jeegom », sabu noon mettere yoga e leyɗeele aduna oo, ɗe calii sompoyde toon Ammbasaduuji maɓɓe tawde kadi wonii ONU fellitiino, e nder kuule ɗe ƴettunoo, Jerusaalem foti ko wonde ko « nokku bele ndenndi » tawde wonii nokku oo ko nokku pine ceertuɗe etee waɗtii ɗum e les njimaandi ONU. Kono Israyiil hormaaki ɗum, e dow ballal Donald Trump (laamɓe adinooɓe mo ɓee kala : Bush, Clinton; Obama haalaaka njettonooki ɗoon), felliti jooɗaade e Jerusalem, ɓe ndarni galle kanndotooɗo hakkunde palestinnaaɓe ɓee, ɓe ndiiwi heewɓe e wuro hay so won heddiiɓe e heddiiɓe toon tawo. Roni ɗum ko jayli huɓɓude e nokku hee e saanga nde seerndanooɓe e banndiraaɓe mum en ɓe njiɗi artude e nokku hee, haa ɗiin njettoyii Tel ََAviv kono nde wonde doole potaani, Israyiil boomii e oon sahaa capanɗe njeegomo aadee (60) palestinnaajo, tawi haala gaañiiɓe tolnoyiima ko ɓuri 2 000 aadee, borjugol jawdi, kaɓirɗe e kuutorɗe haalaaka. Kono tengiti ngal dow fof ko ñande 14 mai, caggal wolde 2014, ñalnde heen ko ñalawma mo ɓe ndotti ngam hurmbitde laamorgo maɓɓe Jerisaalem, ñalnde heen ko waame ƴiiƴam dogi e nder wuro hee sabu calagol palestinnaaɓe jebbilanaade ɗuum.
Wolde sakkitiinde ɗoo ndee noon e lewru mee 2021, Israyil yiɗi hollitde palestinnaaɓe tan ko wonde yo cooɗo juuɗe mum en e wuro Jerisalem sabu ɓe pawii heen juuɗe maɓɓe hankati, hay so tawii ONU fecciino ɓe wuro ngoo, juulɓe keeda fuɗɗaange, yahuud en keeda hirnaange kono aɗen paami hannde darnde leyɗe hirnaange e gardagol Amerik (ɗo yahuud en ngoni jagge tiiɗɗe e nder dowla) ñaaƴi ko dowla Israyiil tawde kadi wonii eɓe ndokkaa hakke salaade (droit de véto) e ner ONU, kala feere nde wonaa e nafoore dowla Israyiil.
Geɗe ɗiɗi ɓuri saabaade fitina oo, Israyiilnaaɓe inan njokki e loppitde gure palestinnaaɓe ɗe koɗnoo, ina kela ɗum en, ina lomtina yahuud en, ɗum ɗoon eɗen mbaawi wiyde wonde Israyiil woni ko e tiimde leydi Palestiin no koloñaal en ngaddirnoo nii. Ndeen feere noon siynata ko miijo fedde dillere « siyonist » en nde cosnoo e hitaande 1896. Tesko-ɗen leydi Israyiil alaa doosgal leydi ɗo tuugii, etee leydi ndi keeri mum ndottaaka, ɗum fof faanditaa heen tan ko wellitaade mbele nde yiɗi yaajnaade fof tawa alaa ko falii ɗum etee so ɓe ndonkaani anniya maɓɓe ko loppitde leydi Palestiin ndii fof e won e nokkuuji leyɗeele aarabeeɓe satiiɓe ɓee. E ndeeɗoo wolde kadi Israyiil huutorii ko kaɓirɗe mawɗe bonɗe ɗe paltotaako hakkunde koninkooɓe e siwil en, ngalaa njurum e mawɓe maa sukaaɓe, haala rewɓe e ñawɓe haalaaka.
Golle Israyil ɗee fof kiisaa to bannge ñaawirde adunayaŋkoore toppitiinde warkoyaagu (CPI), ko warkoyaagu kuccinaangu e winndere, ɗum firti ko eɓe njogii e maɓɓe laawol kono teskaa ko alaa mbuubu ɗojjata, leyɗeele hirnaange heeñortonooɗe tuumde won e leyɗeele walla hoohooɓe mum en wonde njaɓɓii kuule aduna oo lelni, ndonkaama yo ŋaaɓtu kunuɗe wooda ko kaali. Alla dee anndi hol ko soomii e Israyiil ! Ina jeyaa e ko CPI harmini ƴettude yimɓe jeyaaɓe e ngenndi mum ina hoɗnoya ɗum e leydi njananndi, ɗum ko pefgol kaake janane, etee anniya heen ko tiimde nokku oo no aada koloñaal ndeen.
Ina gasa tawa bonannde hare ndee wonaa bannge Israyiil tan ummorii sabu eɗen nganndi won piyanɗe ngumortoo to lefol Gaasaa too tawi ko fedde wiyeteende Hamas aaynotoo ɗum kono ndeen bonannde waawataa yerondireede e bommbooji Israyiil, maa mbiyaa nii ko ɗuum feewnitaade Israyiil tawde e ɗum rokka ɓe woytoraandu ngam duppude Palestiin. Feere nde Mahmuud Abaas (dono Yaaser arafaat) jaɓi, israyiil e Hamaas ina calii, feere nde sakkiti ɓe ONU, tawde ɓe mbaawaa wuurdude e dowla gooto, ko yo dowlaaji ɗiɗi compe, Israyiil e Palestiin, gooto heen fof heɓtina goɗɗo oo hormoo goodal mum, ina yaakoraa ko ɗum tam waawii ñifde fitina oo.
Juulɓe ina keewi wiyde wonde « keefeeru ina waawi duumaade, kono tooñannge fawiinde e fenaande duumotaako ».
Maamuudu H. joop


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Caggal daartol Misra, eɗen uddita ɗoo damal daartol Afrik hirnaange, hono nokku bannge hirnaange Afrik keedɗo worgo Saharaa, hakkunde sorfundu Gine e Maayo Senegaal, leyɗe takko maayo Niiseer haa e leyɗe lowlowi Saahel.
E nder ndee lowre nde njuuti-ɗen e ndeeɗoo tonngoode, maa en njiy heen : Koɗki nokku oo, ngonka makko gila teeminannde VIII (jeetati) ko adii Iisaa haa teeminannde VIII caggal Iisaa (maa en njiy heen Laamaandi Wagadu (Ganaa), Laamaandi Mali, Laamaandi Sonngaay), Njangu Gaawoo, kalifaandi tuubakooɓe e dartagol njiimaandi koloñaal, yonta koloñaal (ngonka nokku oo hakkunde golwole winndereeje ɗiɗi ɗee e caggal mum) e ko wonaa ɗuum tan.
Ko nii lowre wikipedia siforii nokku oo : “Afrik hirnaange woni mbalndi laamuuji Ganaa deggondirɗi, haa arti e laamaandi Mali e Laamaandi Sonngaay. Ko nokku leƴƴi keewɗi, jiiduɗe ndonaandi, ɗi daartol mum en naatnaatondiri, yeru mum maantinɗo ko aada Denɗiraagal hakkunde leƴƴi e renndooji Afrik hirnaange. Laamu njiimnongu nokku oo tuuginoo ko njulaagu ummoraade saharaa e doɓtugol kaŋŋe e lamɗam. Ko ɗum tagi nde njulaagu faatunoo maayo tan ngu natti jogaade doole. Caggal wolde Tondibi (Mali) laamaandi ndii feccii e laamuyon laamuyon. Koloñaal orop e amerik kala njiimii e Afrik hirnaange e maayirɗe teeminannde 19ɓiire haa feccere adannde teeminannde 20siire. Ko ɗum addani pinal nokku oo yejjiteede e oo mudda, hay so tawii noon jiytugol binndaaɗe Tummbuktu ina yaakoraa maa wallit ubbitde pinal ngal e faamde ngal.”
Hannde, Afrik hirnaange ina waɗi leƴƴi keewɗi. O woni ko e etaade rentitde to bannge politik, rewrude e dente baaɗe no Cedeao, sibu leyɗeele nokku oo fof njiidi pinal, ngaal pinal mahingal e nder duuɓi ujunaaje keewɗe. E tuugnaade e ɓetooji FMI (Booñ Winndereejo Kaalis) dental ngal woni 25ɓal to bannge faayiida faggudu e nder winndere ndee. Ɗo idan ɗoo CEDEAO sosiranoo ko ngam wootiɗinde faggudu e kaalis leyɗe jeyaaɗe heen ɗee, kono, e hitaande 1990, “ballitgol deeƴre e nokku hee” ɓeydaama e paandaale dental ngal (hawrii kisa e darnde mayre to Gammbi). Nii woni koyngal konu biyeteengal ECOMOG sosaa, ngam artirde deeƴre walla reftinde laawol kala ɗo ngol ɗeɓi seleede e nokku hee. Ɗum fof e wayde noon, ɗuum suwaa tawo laataade no yiɗiraa nii, sibu won ɗeen jiiɓooje kewnooɗe to Gine (2009) e Koddiwaar (2010), ko jiidaa e golle goomuuji ownooji ɓurɗi heewde tanaa e deeƴre e diiwaan oo : 2012 ɗi keɓtii rewo Mali, haa Farayse naati heen sabu CEDEAO ronkude waɗde huunde; ko jiidaa e baɗe Boko haraam e Ansaaru to Niiseriyaa boomɗe yimɓe heewɓe…
Hade garal tuubakooɓe, nokku oo anndiranoo tan ko inɗe mum gaadoraaɗe : Wagadu e yonta laamaandi Ganaa, walla Manden (Mali) e yonta laamaandi Mali walla Sonngaay e laamaandi sonngaay en. Ko ɗii laamuuji tan njogodinoo e boowal jokkondire. Helmere Afrik ndee idii tawo ko joopaade leyɗe Afrik rewo (aarabeeɓe e berbeer en), worgo oo lollirnoo e oon sahaa ko Ecopi. Ko caggal yonta biyeteeɗo « Renaissance (Ummital) » tuubakooɓe mbaɗti innirde duunde ndee fof Afrik, caggal ɗuum, e yonta njiimaandi, tuubakooɓe Farayse mbaɗti innirde nokku oo Afrik hirnaange farayseejo (AOF) woni leyɗeele ɗe ɓe keɓti e hirnaange duunde ndee ; Tuubakooɓe engele en inniri leyɗe keɓti e oon nokku Afrik hirnaange biritanniijo (British West Africa). Ina hasii noon, so wiyaama Ouest-africain (Hirnaange-Afrik) faanditaa heen ko nokku CEDEAO woni jooni oo.
Afrik hirnaange ina alɗi to bannge pinal e lelngo leydi. O ɓilii ko hakkunde geec atalantik bannge hirnaange e bannge worgo e Saharaa bannge rewo e hedde jurol 10ɓol bannge fuɗnaange. Maayo Niiseer ine heewi jaggireede no keerol makko bannge rewo. Keerol fuɗnaange ngol noon laaɓtiraani noon sibu won heen mbiyi ngol takkii ko Benuwee (gootol e calti Niiseer), woɗɓe mbiyi ngol ummii ko haayre Kamaruun haa weendu Caad. Dowlaaji CEDEAO innitortoo ko hirnaange Afrik. Ko heen Njuɓɓudi Ngenndiije Dentuɗe hiisii Muritani. Kono Muritani yaltii CEDEAO gila hitaande 2 000, jeytaa ko e Dental Magreb Aarabeejo e Fedde Haɓɓere Aarabeeɓe.
E tuugnaade e firo Fedde ngenndiije dentuɗe, ko ɗee ngoni leyɗe Afrik hirnaange :
Innde leydi njaajeendi mum km2 Keeweendi yimɓe mum Laamorgo
Beniŋ (fr) 114 763 9 352 000 Porto Nowo
Burkina Faso (fr) 272 967 17 482 000 Wagadugu
Kap weer (pt) 4 033 505 000 Prayaa
Koddiwaar (fr) 322 463 20 595 000 Yaamusokoro
Gammbi (en) 11 295 1 825 000 Bañnjul
Ganaa (en) 238 533 25 546 000 Accra
Gine (fr) 245 857 10 481 000 Konaakiri
Gine bisaawo (pt) 36 125 1 580 000 Bisaawo
Liberiyaa (en) 111 369 4 245 000 Monrowiyaa
Mali (fr) 1 241 238 16 319 000 Bamako
Muritani (fr) 1 025 520 3 623 000 Nuwaasoot
Niiseer (fr) 1 267 000 16 644 000 Niamey
Niiseriyaa (en) 923 768 166 629 000 Abujaa
Senegaal (fr) 196 722 13 108 000 Ndakaaru
Siyeraa Leyon (en) 71 740 6 126 000 Freetown
Togo (fr) 56 785 6 283 000 Lome
Fof 6 140 178 320 347 000
Lelndi e ɓetngo leydi
Wertallo Afrik hirnaange ko 6 140 000 km2, woni hedde joyaɓal (1/5) duunde Afrik ndee. Ko ɓuri heewde e wertallo ngoo ko kolaaɗe ɗe tooweendi mum en yettaaki 300 meeteer. Kaaƴe toowɗe keewɗe ina carii e fonngo worgo ngoo. Bannge rewo oo ko Saahal, woni nokku gonɗo hakkunde ko yoori e ko leppi seeɗa, hakkunde jeereende Saharaa e Afrik hakkunde ŋori. Saahal ko lefol ngol njuuteendi 160 haa 240 kiloomeeteer njaajeendi.
Haayre Nimmba wonnde e lowilowi Koddiwaar e Gine ɓuri toowde e Afrik hirnaange fof sibu tooweendi mayre ko 1 752 m. Huurnde tago (réserve naturelle intégrale) haayre Nimmba ina hiisee gila 1981 ko huurnde biyosfeer (biosphère : nokku ɗo nguurndam ƴellitii) tee jeyaa ko ngaluuji winndereeji UNESCO.
Tesko : Wolde Tondibi waɗi ko ñalnde 12 marse 1591. Ko wolde teeŋtunde e Daartol Afrik hirnaange ko adii koloñaal. Haɓatnoo ɗoon ko konu laamaandi sonngaay e laamaandi Maruk. Ardinoo oon sahaa laamu sonngaay en ko laamɓe wiyeteeɓe Askiyaa en njooɗotonooɓe to Gaawo. Ardinoo kunu maɓɓe ko askiyaa Ishak II. Ardinoo konu Maruk ko Judeer Pasaa. Laaminoo Maruk e oon sahaa ko Ahmed IV el-Mansuur. E ndeen wolde konu Maruk addii fotde 10 000 koninke e kanooji keewɗi. Konu Mali kam ne addii fotde 21 000 koninke e 1 000 nagge. Maruk fooli e ndeen wolde sabu kanooji mum. Kono fusi tigi rigi laamu Mali nguu ko luure nderndere. Ko gila ndeen Sudaan wonti laamuyon laamuyon. Ko ndeen kadi lislaam fuɗɗii naatde nokku maayo Niiseer oo.
Bookara Aamadu Bah
Ƴoogirde : wikipédia


text:
So tawii leyɗe baaɗe no Muritani ceeraani tawo e caɗeele ceŋagol e internet sibu, sahaa e sahaa fof ɓoggol giiɗal ceŋii ngol ine taƴa, walla sabu pamɗugol waamo (débit) mum, ɗoo e duuɓi ɗiɗi ine yaakoraa ɗeen leyɗe ceerta e ɗeen caɗeele. Hol ko kewata ko ine aaɓna ɗuum ?
So tawii leyɗe baaɗe no Muritani ceeraani tawo e caɗeele ceŋagol e internet sibu, sahaa e sahaa fof ɓoggol giiɗal ceŋii ngol ine taƴa, walla sabu pamɗugol waamo (débit) mum, ɗoo e duuɓi ɗiɗi ine yaakoraa ɗeen leyɗe ceerta e ɗeen caɗeele. Hol ko kewata ko ine aaɓna ɗuum ?
Gila e kitaale 2012, internet leyɗe baaɗe no Muritani rewatnoo ko e ɓoggol giiɗal biyeteengol « Africa Coast to Europe (ACE) », hono ɓoggol « Daande maayo Afrik feewde Orop ». Kono, hono no kollitirno-ɗen e tonngoode 188 Fooyre, pelle baaɗe no Google e Facebook (joom WhatsApp kadi) mbaɗii kaalis keewɗe e ɗii duuɓi tati cakkitiiɗi ngam jokkondirde paaɓi-keɓe mum en (data center) rewrude e cosangol koye mum en ɓoogi giiɗal geec ɗi njeyani koye mum en. Seede mum, ko ina wona duuɓi 10 jooni, ko 5% ɓoggi ɗii ɓe njeynoo. Kono hannde, ko kamɓe njeyi feccere (50%) e ɓoggi geec ɗii, tee, ɗoo e duuɓi tati paaɗi (ɗoo e 2023) ko kamɓe njeyata heen fotde 95% ! Yiɗde wiyde tan, ɓe ngoni ko e jiiraade ngam jeyande koye maɓɓe ɓoggi maɓɓe, ɓe keeroroo kabaruuji e keɓe dewrooje e kuutorɗe maɓɓe. Ɗuum noon firti ko maa njiimaandi Dental Dowlaaji Amerik (DDA) dow yah-ngartaa internet ɓeydo. Hannde, fotde 80% e waraango enternet tiindii ko DDA, nde tawnoo ko toon paaɓi-keɓe pelle biyeteeɗe GAFAM (Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft) ɓuri heewde.
Ko ɗuum nii jeyi sabaabu leydi Siin ne daraade hannde ngam ruppaade ndeen yowitaare e añde daɗeede. E hitaande 2021, maa ɓoggol Siin gadanol (12 000 km njuuteendi) yetto Farayse. Ngol rewri ko Pakistan e Jibuti e Kenyaa e Misra hade maggol joofde Marsey (Marseille).
Ko ɗuum kadi jeyi sabaabu dentugol sosiyeteeji 8, tawi ine jeyaa e mum en Facebook (Amerik), e Orange (Farayse) e China Mobile International (Siin), ngam sowtude ɓoggol giiɗal nder geec, ɓoggol inniraangol « 2Africa », tuggi Laamaandi ndentundi (Royaume Uni), rewra Purtugeec, ara fiiltoo Afrik haa hawra. Ngolɗoo ɓoggol maa paroy e hitaande 2023 walla 2024. So ngol gasii maa ngol maa ɓeydu waamo internet doŋre Afrik ndee, sibu anniya joom en ɓoggol ngol, ko yo waamo maggol ɓurto waamo ɓoggi kuuɓnanooji Afrik internet hannde ɗii fof so ndenndii.
Njuuteendi ngolɗoo ɓoggol « 2Africa » ko 37 000 km ! Pelle dentuɗe ngam feewnude ngol ɗee, ko ɗeeɗoo : Orange, China Mobile International, Facebook, MTN GlobalConnect (Afrik worgo), STC (Saudi Telecom Company), Telecom Egypt, Vodafone (Biritaan) e WIOCC (West Indian Ocean Cable Company). Ko fedde wiyeteende Alcatel Submarine Networks (ASN) halfinaa feewnude ndee eɓɓaande moolanaande inniraande « 2Africa ».
Ɓoggol ngol maa jokkondiroy Orop hirnaange e Fuɗnaange ɓadiiɗo kam e leyɗe 16 afriknaaje rewrude e geec Mediteraane, Maayo woɗeewo, jookdu Aden, tufnde Afrik wonnde e geec iñnjeejo haa yettoo sorfundu Bonne-Espérance, roondtoo geec Atalantik haa yettoo Biritaan-Mawɗo. So ngol gasii feewneede maa ngol newnu kuunugol 4G e 5G, kam e internet waamo toowngo. So tawii kay leyɗeele jokkondiraaɗe ɗee, kuutoriima ɗum no haanirta nii, sibu eɗen nganndi, yeru tan e Muritani, hey kattanɗe ɓoggol ACE goodngol hannde ngol ine ngoɗɗi huutoreede e naftoreede, ko ɗuum nii tagi haa hannde leydi ndii ruuddata ko e 3G leefɗo boom. Haralleeɓe ɓee kollitii boom ko yoga e leyɗe Afrik kuutortoo heen ko hedde joyaɓal (20%) kattanɗe ɗiin ɓoggi. Ɗuum woni leyɗe ɗee naftortaako no feewi kattanɗe goodɗe ɗee.
Ina yaakoraa kadi ngolɗoo ɓoggol so arii, maa taƴgol internet usto sibu laaɗe ndiyam njogoraani daasde ngol saka taƴde ngol, sibu ko ngol ubbeteengol fotde meeteruuji 3 nder leydi, nder luggere geec, tee maa ngol rommbo nokkuuji geec ganndiraaɗi feddeendi ɗii. Maa ngol loow 16 funere ɗo ɓoggi goodɗi hannde ɗii loowi pune 8 fat.
Kulol mawngol noon ine woodi : hol no keɓe meeɗen (sirruuji men) jogorɗe rewde e ngolɗoo ɓoggol njogori hisnireede ? Waɗi noon jeyi ngol ko pelle keeriiɗe baawɗe ardinde nafooje njulaagu, haa ko waɗananooɓe ɗum ɓee, hono ɓesnguuji leyɗe ɗee, ndonka naftoraade ɗum.
Facebook ine reerɗi e Afrik sibu ine anndi afriknaaɓe ceŋaaki e internet no moƴƴi, sibu hannde ko nayaɓal e maɓɓe tan ceŋii heen. Ndaa nguu ñawu koronaa kuuɓtodinngu kadi hollitii nafoore internet to bannge golle, jaŋde ekn e sahaa mo yimɓe ngoni e dummbere. Ɗum firti tan, ko nafoore internet ko ko ɓeydii tee jogori ɓeydaade e winndere ndee e duuɓi paaɗi…
Bookara Aamadu Bah
Ɓoggol giiɗal
Jokkorgol ɓoggol giiɗal waɗi ko neldowel giiɗal e keɓɓotoongel giiɗal, leeɓol giiɗal ina jokkondiri hakkunde mum en.
Leeɓol giiɗal waɗi ko korwe ɗiɗi weer ummiiɗo e oogaande wiyeteende silis : korwal ɓurngal famɗude ngal ina lommbii e ɓurngal mawnude ngal. Ɓurngal famɗude ngal woni ɓernde ndee ; ko e maggal caafal annoore loowngal kabaruuji ɗii rewrata. Korwal mawngal ngal, ko coomgal kuuringal e tokosal ngal ; ko kanngal ɗowata annoore ndee (so annoore ndee saytii e maggal ruttoo refta bolol, woni ɓernde ndee).
Korwe ɗiɗi ɗee ina mbaɗanee kadi kuurngal goɗngal dalli ngam hisnude fof : « ɓernde + coomgal ». Kuurngal ngal nafata tan ko soomde, alaa golle e nawgol annoore ndee.
Leeɓol giiɗal goƴngol en ngol, tekkeendi mum (hakkundol mum) ko 9 µm (mikoro meeteruuji 9). Hakkundol coomgal ngal ko 125 µm. Tekkeendi leeɓol sukundu ko hakkunde 50 haa 100 µm. Ɗum firti ko leeɓol giiɗal e coomgal ngal e kuurngal ngal fof so ndenndii, tekkeendi mum en ɗeɓata yerondirde ko e tekkeendi leeɓol sukundu. Ɓernde leeɓol giiɗal ndee, leeɓol sukundu ɓuri ɗum tekkude laabi 5 haa 10, ndeke ina famɗi no feewi !
Mbeelu (spectre) njuuteele wempeƴƴo (longueurs d’ondes) ina feccoo e pecce tati : heen feccere ko mbeelu ngu yiyotaako tolnondirnde e caafal dow-wiyolee, (Ultra-violet) heen feccere ko mbeelu njiyotoongu tolnondirngu e noorɗe/goobuuji timtimol, feccere heddiinde ndee ko mbeelu ngu yiyotaako tolnondirngu e les-boɗewol (infra rouge). Ko nguuɗoo mbeelu ngu yiyotaako (lesboɗewol) toɗɗii laylayti giiɗal. Keɓe ɗee ndewrata ko e njuuteele bempeƴƴe 1310 nm (tellagol) kam e 1490 nm (ŋabbugol) nguuɗoo mbeelu lesboɗewol.


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Ñalnde aljumaa 20 feebariyee 2015 aksidaa bonɗo waɗii Attaar e Shingiti, nokku ina wiyee taccirgol Amojaar. O 16 maayɗo e 27 gaañiiɗo, kamɓe fof ko ɓe koninkooɓe, nde tawnoo ko kamiyoŋ konu waɗi aksidaa oo. Fotde 60 kooninke fof njolnoo e makko nde o hippotoo ndee.
Ñalnde aljumaa 20 feebariyee 2015 aksidaa bonɗo waɗii Attaar e Shingiti, nokku ina wiyee taccirgol Amojaar. O 16 maayɗo e 27 gaañiiɗo, kamɓe fof ko ɓe koninkooɓe, nde tawnoo ko kamiyoŋ konu waɗi aksidaa oo. Fotde 60 kooninke fof njolnoo e makko nde o hippotoo ndee.
Ina wiyee ko o kamiyoŋ kiiɗɗo, tampuɗo. Nanaama kadi, kamɓe jolnooɓe heen ɓee, ko ɓe yimɓe “génie”, yimɓe humpitiiɓe golle mum en, heewɓe sokleede. Wiyaama wonde “dognatnooɗo oto woor jiiltol mum, oto oo leƴƴitii e yoret haayre” e wiyde kooninke gooto.
Jolnooɓe heen ɓee ko aratnooɓe fooftaade. Ɓe ngonnoo ko rewo goɗɗuɗo ngam reende kisal laabi gonɗi toon, ɗi ownooɓe walla waɗooɓe njulaagu cuuɗiingu kuutortoo. Gila 2010 taƴe konu keewɗe ina lomlomtondira toon.
Yo Alla yurmo maayɓe ɓee, yaafoo ɗum en


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Sammba Jabare Sammbu, Fooɓre Gawlaagu Ganni Hootii Saare Goonga.
Sammba Jabare Sammbu ko ciftinatnooɗo Senegaal hanki mum. Hanki binndaaɗo he jimɗi awluɓe e gaaaci wammbaa. Hanki ngootaagu pinal e daartol haa ɓuri teeŋtude hakkunde Haalpulaar en e Jolfuɓe.
O jibinaa ko 1924 to wuro ene wiyee Muye he nder diiwaan Luga, leydi Senegaal. Wiyama jibinaaɓe makko ko awluɓe Haalpulaarɓe. Haysinno Samba Jabare ɗigginaano ɗemngal Pulaar, ko Jolfe o haalata ne, omo faarnortonoo huwtoraade jarfooji awluɓe haalpulaar en he nder jimɗi makko, ko wayno : “Hoto njedddee laamɗo mo yeddi laamɗo fof colli ŋoñoo ngesa baay mum,” walla “ Yummaa rokkumaa waj maa, baaba maa rokkumaa wajmaa, kono so doole maa ndokkima mbajataama”, ekn… Hono no kala gawlo ganni nii, Sama Jabare ko jimatnooɗo, koɗatnooɗo gaaci, gasikinatnooɗo kadi daartiyanke.
Gila omo yahra e duuɓi 17 o fuɗɗi yaltude diiwaan maɓɓe omo ɗannoo he nder Senegaal kala ngam wiɗtude daarti e ganni hanki. O yillima nokkuuji keewɗi he nder Fuuta Tooro, Jolof, Waalo Barak, Kayoor e kala ɗo laamuuji ganni ngonnoo he nder leydi he. O yahii haa Mali ngam janngoyde daartol e hoɗdu.
Ko he 1958 o fuɗɗii waɗde jeewte he rajo Senegaal e ko yowitii he daartol e pine ganni, kanko e musiɗɗo makko, jaadiiɗo makko Amadu Njaay Sammbu, ɓe inniri yeewtere ndee “Senegaal Demb” ɗuum woni Senegaal hanki. Omo joginoo kadi yeewtere wiyeteende “Li Xalam di wax” (Ko Hoɗdu Haalata) he ɗemngal Jolfe, omo fira heen ko leeɓi (baaruuji) ɗii kaalata.
Sammba Jabare Sammbu ene jeyaa e fuɗɗuɓe diɗɗal Sorano (l’Ensemble lyrique et traditionnel du Théatre National Daniel Sorano.) he 1962. Gila ndeen omo jeyaa e awluɓe cosaan ɓurɓe maantin’de he nder Senegaal. O fiilii kadi leppi keewɗi Pulaar e Wolof, ɗi ene jeyaa e mum en: “Ngawla” (1993) mo o waɗdi e Mansuur Sek e Baaba Maal, “Laqiya” (1997), “Taara” (1998), “Jëf sa jëf” (2000), e “Biram Yaasin” (2003).
Alhajji Sammba Jabare Sammbu mayi ko he jamma Mawnde/Aljumaa jofi Hoore-biir/Aset 21 Silto/Septembre 2019 taw omo yahra e duuɗi 94. Yoo yurmeende Geno won e makko, hinnoomo e yurmeende mum yaajnde.


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E nder duuɓi tati cakkitiiɗi ɗii, seppooji mbaɗii to Mederdra, Maktaa Lasaar, Geeru, Kiifa, Tintaan, Jigenni, Fasaala e nokkuuji goɗɗi leydi ndii ngam ɗaɓɓude heɓde kuuraa walla ndiyam walla ustugol coodguuli geɗe nguura ekn…
- Seppooji ɓesngu
Yeru, ñalnde 5 abriil 2012 wuro Muktaa Lasaarnaaɓe mbaɗii diiño ngam ɗaɓɓude ndiyam. Polis yani e maɓɓe, sari ɓe, jaggi e maɓɓe yimɓe 19.
E nder duuɓi tati cakkitiiɗi ɗii, seppooji mbaɗii to Mederdra, Maktaa Lasaar, Geeru, Kiifa, Tintaan, Jigenni, Fasaala e nokkuuji goɗɗi leydi ndii ngam ɗaɓɓude heɓde kuuraa walla ndiyam walla ustugol coodguuli geɗe nguura ekn…
- Seppooji ɓesngu
Yeru, ñalnde 5 abriil 2012 wuro Muktaa Lasaarnaaɓe mbaɗii diiño ngam ɗaɓɓude ndiyam. Polis yani e maɓɓe, sari ɓe, jaggi e maɓɓe yimɓe 19. Nde hooreejo leydi ndii yahi toon, fodani ɓe ñawndude caɗeele maɓɓe ɗoon e lebbi 4. Heen lebbi tati ɓennii, hay dara ɓe njiyaani tawo.
Jigenniinaaɓe kadi njaltii e mbeddaaji ñalnde 21/05/2012. Mette maɓɓe ko caɗeele nguura e uddaare nokku oo. Ɓe ngarii haa Nuwaasoot, ɓe njahii haa galle Abdel Asiis ngam wullitaade.
E lewru Feebariyee 2011, Fasalanaaɓe pinnii no feewi, sibu ɓe njahii ha ɓe nduppi kuɓeeje laamu. Polis yani e maɓɓe, sari ɓe.
To Mederdra, nde Abdel Asiis ari ɗoon njillu, debbo gooto wiyi mo « ɓuratnoo min ko ngardaa les », yiɗde wiyde mo tan laawol woodaani. Ñalnde 8 abriil 2012 sukaaɓe wuro ngoo, piyi e koyɗe 50 kiloo ceernduɗe wuro ngoo e gudroŋ Nuwaasoot-Rooso. Ɓe uddi laawol ngol ; kono sandarmori sari ɓe.
- Kareeli ubriyeeji
Hare ndee heɓi kaaɗtudi mum ko nde gardeeɓe mbarata ubriyee biyeteeɗo Muhammed wul Mesduufi ñalnde 5 sulyee 2012. Ɗum waɗnoo ko to Aksuus, to oogirde kiri. Gollotooɓe ɓee luurdunoo ko e sosiyatee gaggittooɗo kiri oo, hono MCM, laamu nguu heedani sosiyatee oo.
To Nuwaadibu, gollotooɓe SNIM dawnotoɓe ɓooyii ɗaɓɓude ñawndugol caɗeele mum en. Abdel Asiis fodaniino ɓe ɗuum. Kono gollotooɓe ɓee mbiyi alaa ko njiyi tawo, sibu ngonka mum en ɓeydii ko bonde, ɓe puɗɗitiima hare, wondude e ballal pelle 9 sendikaa.
Ko noon kadi, e cili keewɗi, gollotooɓe e sosiyateeji meerlanngaaji Kinross-Tasiast, ngeddii golle. Ñalnde 4 suwee, ko gollotooɓe Kinross e koye mum en naati fitina, ngam ɗaɓɓude ƴettitgol seekranooɓe fenaande e golle mum ; sosiyatee oo waasii heen ko ɓuri miliyaar ugiyya.
- Haɓooɓe e njiyaagu
Ina saɗi yontere nde dille maɓɓe nanaaka ; Fedde maɓɓe, hono IRA, e gardagol Biraam wul Daa wul Abeydi, yahii haa duppi defte laawol Maalik. Biraam jaggaa heen ñalnde 28 abriil. Ñaawirde bonanndeeji Nuwaasoot ittii juuɗe mum e doosiyee makko, sibu, e wiyde mum, golle ɗee ndewaani laawol, kono ɗum haɗaani mo dummbeede haa hannde, ɗum noon e dow fenaande. Seppooji e diiñooji keewɗi njuɓɓinaama ngam ɗaɓɓude goppitgol makko. E nder heen seppo wooto, bommbooji lakrimoseen polis njoɓɓiima heen komersa biyeteeɗo Seek wul Raajel wul Muwalla. Jom suudu Biraam kadi gaañiima heen.
- Binnditgol
Ɗee dille fof tawti dille jotondirɗe e binnditgol, puɗɗoringol kiñgol e yiɗde ooyde ɓaleeɓe leydi ndii. Idii suurtude ndeen feere ko pelle daraniiɗe jojjanɗe aadee, haa arti noon e Fonaad, kam e jaayɗe (Fooyre Ɓamtaare ina jeyaa e idiiɓe jeertinde yimɓe, gila e mee 2011), e naamne jaŋtaaɗe ɗe depitee Kajjata Maalik Jallo naamnii kalifu geɗe nder leydi ndii to Asaambele… Ɗuum rewi haa jibini fedde wiyeteende TPMN yuɓɓinnde seppooji keewɗi e kareeli. Tuggi 10 settaambar 2011 To Nuwaasoot haa to Kayhayɗi tuggi 24 settaambar, ɗuum reɓi haa Magaama, ɗo Lamin Manngaan waraa ñalnde 27 settaambar 2011. Ñalnde 28 noowabar ɓe ceppi faade persidaas. Polis yani e maɓɓe, ulli e maɓɓe gerenaaduuji. Ko heen gooto silkiti junngo rapeer gooto biyeteeɗo Abuu Faal.
- Sanɗaaji
Ina jeyaa e kareeli ɓurɗi duumaade e haljinde laamu nguu, kareeli sanɗaaji to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Nuwaasoot. Hare ndee kadi ɓuri fof muusde ko hakkunde sanɗaaji ISERI e polis, sibu ina saɗi ñalngu ɓe njaggondiraani. Heewɓe njaggaama heen, heewɓe ngaañiima heen. Ɓe calinoo ko eggingol janngirde maɓɓe feewde Ayyuun.
Ko wonaa ɗuum, pelle sanɗaaji jeenay mbaɗiino geddo ngam ɗaɓɓude ɓeydugol e kuuɓtodingol bursiiji. Sanɗaaji keewɗi (ina heen sukaaɓe rewɓe) njaggaa, ɓee heen ndiiwaa.
Muttaar, Ƴoogirde Al Akhbar


text:
Gidiiɗo wonde hooreejo suudu sarɗi (Asaambele) Senegaal wiyetee ko Lamin Gey. Hikka waɗi duuɓi 50 ko o sankii, sibu ko ñalnde 10 suwee 1968 wonnoo. O jibinanoo ko 20 settaambar to Mediin (ko anndiranoo Sudaan farayseejo, Mali hannde).
Caggal nde o heɓi lisaas makko ko faati e sariya to Pari, Lamin Gey arti Senegaal, o janngini hiisa to ekkol normaal William Ponty. Hufet Boñi (hooreejo Koddiwaar gadano) ine jeyanoo e almudɓe makko. Caggal ɗuum o winnditii ngam wonde keedoowo (awokaa) to Duɗal sariya Pari, ɗo o heɓi doktoraa makko e desaambar 1921. O woni ñaawoowo. E hitaande 1923 o naati SFIO (Catal Fedde Ubriyeeji to Senegaal) ngam « ittude baasal, ittude ɓoggol Farayse, momtude ɓurondiral bonngal hakkunde jeydaaɓe e leydi ». O woni meer Ndar e hitaande 1925, kono o woppi ñalnde 2 abriil 1927, o sosi Parti Sosialist Senegaal. Ñalnde 13 abriil 1945 o heɓi gooto e hujjaaji makko, so mbayliigu sariya kaɗnooɗo rewɓe senegaalnaaɓe hakke wootde (ndeen ɓe kiisetenoo ko ɓe faraysenaaɓe). Innde makko ina nawdee kadi e sariyaaji ɗiɗi ittuɗi ɓurondiral e Senegaal e nder Afrik farayseejo no diidorinoo. Sariya gadano oo, keɓtinoowo wonde denndaangal hoɗɓe e leyɗe Outre-Mer (Gaɗa Maayo*) ko faraysenaaɓe, wootaa ko ñalnde 7 mee 1946. Ɗiɗmo oo, ganndiraaɗo « sariya 30 suwee 1950 » heɓtini ko potal to bannge njoɓdi e faayiida hakkunde denndaangal foksineeruuji siwil e koninkooɓe gollotooɓe e leyɗe Outre-Mer.
Lamin Gey ko neɗɗo keewnooɗo softeende. O woniino kadi meer Ndakaaru fotde duuɓi 16 (1945-1961), o woniiɗo Jonaaɗo leydi Farayse to Diiso Faggudu e Renndo Fedde ngenndiije dentuɗe (1952-1957). Hakkunde desaambar 1960 e mars 1968, o toɗɗitaama laabi 4 hooreejo Asaambele Senegaal. E kiris desaambar 1962, o heedani Senngoor, tee, ko e nder galle makko batu depiteeji jooɗii ngam liɓde Mammadu Jah e ittude ɗum e ardorde Diiso.
* leyɗe Outre-Mer (Gaɗa Maayo) : E oon sahaa ɗum joopii ko leyɗeele gonɗe e njiimaandi koloñaal Farayse.
Ƴoogirde : ndarinfo.com