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Yontaaji keewɗi Bahbalnaaɓe njeƴiraama daartol biyowol wonde Bahbahɓe e Salsalɓe potti ko e ooɗoo nokku. Ko ɗo ɓe tawi Somsomɓe ina koɗi e gasɗe, sara wuro ina wiyee Tunti, wuro seereraaɓe. Ko jettooɗe tati ɗe ndenndi kaɓi e Seereraaɓe ɓe biyeteeɗo Sappeen ardinoo. Ɓe ndiiwi ɗum en, ɓe keɓti nokku o. Alaa e sago noon ndeento-ɗen no feewi daarti bayɗi niiyene, cunno-ɗen ko nanaten ko no moƴƴi, ngam waawde anndude ko wonata e ko wonataa. Ina hasii, so en ƴeewdii ko jaŋtetee ko, e askooji ɗi, en ƴeewdii ɗum e yontaaji daarti ɗi, eɗen teskoo yontaaji kewuuji ɗi e wiyeteeɓe tawtoraama kewuuji ɗi ina ngoɗɗondiri no feewi.
Fayndaare jaŋtagol iwdi ko battinde e miijanteendi e to bannge politik, sibu ko kanngol dagnata sifaa renndo wonaango ngo. Kono eɗi njogii kadi nafoore mawnde e renndo, sibu ko e maggol leƴƴi taftaaɗi ɗi njiytoo koye mum en, huunde tiiɗtinoore renndo ngo.
Ciimtol garowol ngol wonaa lasli hinnde, wonaa lasli galle. Alaa ko haali wiyde ina wona daartol Bahbahɓe Looti. So heewii, ko ngol tonngol daawe mawɗe, teskinɗe e nguurndam renndo men, nder yontaaji keewɗi e teeminanɗe keewɗe.
Daartol leƴƴi men, ciimtol goonganteewol paytungol e ko woodnoo hanki, foti wonde ko gollal denndangal, mahrangal kellifuya, tawa ina woɗɗitii kala hooram-hooramaagu e jiilyiilte politik hannde.
Ɗum ina ɗaɓɓi e men, enen kala, waawde huutoraade ko ɓenni, tawa eɗen ndeentii hoto oon haŋki ko ɓenni niɓɓiɗinde hannde men e tolsinde janŋgo men.
Eɗen njetta ɗo denndaangal yimɓe rokkuɓe en kabaruuji jowitiiɗi e daartol Bahbahɓe Looti kam e aadaaji leñol ngol fof.
Njettoraji men ɓurɗi teeŋtude feewde e Sammba Ceɗɗel Mbay, Iisa Sammba Boongel, Abdullaay Saanun Dem ganndiraaɗo Demmba Raki e Abdullaay Maamuudu Bah lollirɗo Aali Koorkayel.
Iwdi Bahbaɓe Looti
Leƴƴi ɓaleeji keewɗi, ina heen fulɓe, koɗiino e bannge hirnaange Saharaa, ko ina wona ujunnaaji ɗiɗi hitaande. « Alluwal Sheek Sidiya » ina holliti wonde hoɗnoo e Sahara Takruri (Tagant, Adraar, Hod, Awkeer, Afolle, Tiris) ko Fulani en e Soninkooɓe.
Ko yooro e tellagol Bebeer Sanhaja en addani ɓe eggude (tuggi teeminanndeinannde 8ɓiire e 9ɓiire), ɓe carii e nder Saahal hee fof. Ɓe ngummorii ko Daar Tiisit (ɗo wonnoo Maasina gadano) kam e (diiwanuuji) rewo ɓurɗo woɗɗude, ɓe koɗi e Fori (Gorgol) hade maɓɓe tellaade fayde worgo, ɓe kuufi maayo Senegaal, haa arti noon e diiwaan Tooro o, ɗo ɓe ɓurnoo heewde. Caggal ɗuum, maa wood e maɓɓe egguɓe, koɗoyi Ferlo e Jolof, maa wood fayɓe Fuuta Jaloŋ caggal nde mbaggi haa tampi. Won galleeji fulɓe njokki fayde fuɗnaange, koɗoyi Liptaako (Liɓotaako e Fulfulde), Niiseer, Caad, haa yettii Darfuur, to Sudaan.
Bahbahɓe Looti njeyaa ko e leñol Uururɓe. Uururɓe e Jaawɓe e Woɗaaɓe e Yaalalɓe e Yirlaaɓe e Jeŋngelɓe e Lacce ngoni leƴƴi jeeɗiɗi mawɗi, renndo Fulɓe. E wiyde porfeseer Umar Kan, ɗiiɗoo leƴƴi peeñi ko e njiimaandi Termes, hakkunde darorɗe teeminannde 12ɓiire e feccere teeminannde 15ɓiire. Ɗi koɗii ko juuti e nder Jeeri Fuuta (Jeeri Lommbori), nokku durngo e polindaaji jaayɗo, gonɗo hakkunde Haayre Ngaal (Kaaƴe Asaaba), Hoore Weendu (Tamurt Ennaaj, Tagant) bannge rewo, e jeeri fonngo rewo maayo Senegaal, bannge worgo. Heewɓe mbiyi wonde leñol Uururɓe, ngol Bahbahɓe Looti ummii ngol, hoɗii ko juuti e nokku ina wiyee Goojoowol, sara wuro Ajaar hannde ngo, e nder diiwaan Gidimaka. Ɓe per toon, ɓe ndewi Jeeri Fuuta, ndew-mi tekel, ndew-mi tekel ha ɓe njettii Inshiiri. Ina laaɓi kam wonde biyeteeɗo Barahim ko ɗo hoɗnoo. Barahiim noon ko ɓiy Ñokor, ɓiy Barahim, mo Siree Abbaas wiyi ko ɓiy Muusaa, ɓiy Suleymaan, ummiiɗo Ruuru Bah. Ina gasa tawa innde Uururɓe nde ko ɗo ummii.
Bahbahɓe Looti e Baalɓe (iwdi Bukar Barahiim e Aali, ɓiy mawniiko Usmaan Barahiim, afo galle maɓɓe, mo o nehnoo) e Demdemɓe, e Bahbahɓe Hoore Foonde, yantude, e ko famɗi fof, huunde e Lihduɓe Jaaba, ɓee fof ko iwdi Baraahiim Ñokor.
Barahiim Ñokor mo Salafɓe Inshiiri mbiyata Barahim Fullaani, lelii to Tum’Barahim, 70 kiloomeeteer hirnaange Aksuus ; yanaande makko ina juuree haa hannde. Huunde e iwdi makko ngontii Safalɓe, ngontii Tirbii tawateeɗo haa hannde e nder Inshiiri.
Heewɓe e iwdi Barahiim Ñokor ina keddodii e aadaaji fulɓe, tee ina paarnoroo ɗum. Huunde e maɓɓe abbitii ko e jaŋde e geɗe diine lislaam ; ɓe tawtoyi dillere tooroɓɓe, heɓnde kaaɗtudi mum e teeminannde 18 ɓiire. Won e maɓɓe ina maantini e daartol Fuuta e diiwaan oo kala. Ko famɗi fof, njeetato e nder capanɗe tato e ɗiɗo almameeɓe ardiiɓe Fuuta tuggude 1776 ko e iwdi makko. Ɓurɗo dowlude heen ko aldaa e luural, gila ndeen haa jooni, ko Ceerno Sileymaani Baal, umminɗo, yuɓɓini, ardii waklitere (rewolisiyoŋ) tooroɓɓe e ndimaagu Fuuta.
Tunti e Bele-Ndenndi
Heewɓe ina kawri wonde ko e gardagol Sammba Barahiim ɓurɗo anndireede arɗo Cammbulel (Sammba keltaaɗo), Bahbahɓe Looti hannde ɓe koɗi e nder Laaw, sara Tunti, wuro seereer en (walla jolfuɓe) ngo mawɗo mum wiyetee Sappe walla Sappeen. E nder ciimtol bayyinangol e Journal Officiel AOF e hitaande 1911, lietnaa Cheruy ina winndi heen : «Bahbahɓe, ummiiɓe Fuuta Jeeri (Segeyba) ndiiwi jolfuɓe e mawɗo mum en wuro mum en Tunti, innitiri ɗum Bahbahɓe.» O ɓeydi heen kadi «ɓe lewi ko ina wona kolaaɗe noogaas, ko wayi no Dogan, Jeejeego, Baarol Janel, Koylee, Bajogollo, Baarol Mbakkenɓe, Tule Bahbahɓe, Galombaay, Bahbahɓe Jeeri, yantude e huunde e Lewe e Layma.»
Ina gasa noon tawa wonaa innde Bahbahɓe nde lomtii ɗoon e ɗoon innde Tunti nde. Won ko haaletee ko Siree Abbaas goongɗini : caggal nde seereer en njalti wuro ngo, ngo innitiraa ko Bele-Ndenndi, tee ko Sammba Barahiim idii wonde arɗo Looti, mawɗo wuro, laamɗo kolaaɗe ndema Bahbahɓe. Looti ko innde weendu mawndu ndu horataa, wonnoondu worgo wuro ngo. Ekkol II (école II) darii hannde ko e mbalndi nduun weendu. E lasli, ko leñol fulɓe yetteteeɓe BAH. Hoɗɓe saraaji Looti ɓe tan mbiyetenoo Bahbahɓe Looti.
E wiyde Siree Abbaas, Bele-Ndenndi (…) ko wuro mawngo wonnoo, ngo jeynoo ɗum Bahbahɓe Looti, waɗnoongo leeɗe jeeɗiɗi, peccitinooɗe hakkunde « ɓesngu Ñokor, ɓiy Barahiim, ɓiy Muusaa, ɓiy Sileymaani, etc …, ɗum woni Bahbahɓe Mbummba, Demet, Edi, Uururɓe Jeeri, Mboolo Aali Siidi, Neere e Mdulumaaji … Gooto e mawɓe leeɗe hee kala ina joginoo tabalde mum laamu.
Hedde maayirɗe feccere ɗiɗmere teeminannde 16 ɓiire, gooto e sukaaɓe arɗo Birom, ɓiy arɗo Cammbulel, wari gooto e ɓiɗɓe Yero Jam gonnooɗo satigi Fuuta e oon sahaa e nder wuro Bele-Ndenndi. Anndaaka no o wardaa e hol sabaabu, hay so tawii ko sifetee heen ko ina ñaantaa no feewi, haa natti nanndude e goonga. Caggal ngoo warngo, satigi teetti huunde e kolaaɗe Bahbaaɓe Looti, rokki ɗum laamɗo Janelnaaɓe. Arɗo Birom ne yeeni Buubu Jah, laamɗo Gammbinaaɓe kolaaɗe goɗɗe sabu tefanii ɗum laamɗo o.
Ɗee geɗe fof, walla ko ɗee geɗe ngaddani Bahbahɓe Looti jogodaade, e dumunna mo arɓe e Elimaan laamii oo fof, e gure saraaji ɗe jotondire tiiɗɗe : Juude e Gammbinaaɓe e ko ɓuri teeŋtude, e Wan Wan e Foonde (Bahbaaɓe Looti e ɓe Foonde e ɓe Haayre Mbaar, njiydi iwdi) Wuro Jaalaw, e Hocceere e Cubalel, e Njaacɓe Madiina e ɓe Juude, e galle Tuureeɓe wonatnooɓe Ceerno Wocci.
Batte ɓurɗe teeŋtude ngooɗoo warngo ɓiy satigi e wuro Bele Ndenndi ngo ko uujgol ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe mum. Yoga e galleeji, sabu hulde hoto satigi yoftaade e mum en, eggi wuro ngo, haa hannde ngartaani.
Uujooji ɗiɗi goɗɗi, ɓurɗi famɗude mbaɗii caggal ɗuum, hakkunde teeminannde 16 ɓiire e feccere teeminannde 18 ɓiire. Heen uujo kala ko baasal sagataaɓe nokku o. Cuuɗi e galleeji keewɗi koɗnooɗi e Bele Ndenndi walla Bahbahɓe Looti eggi, haa hannde ngartaani.
Ina sikkaa tan wonde galle Bahbahɓe arɗo Birom meeɗaa ummaade e nokku he, walla hay so ɓe meeɗii yahde ne, huunde e maɓɓe ina arta ɗoon.
Ina gasa tawa ko ɗum woni sabaabu, e duuɓi teeminanndeedde ɗiɗi e capanɗe joy ɓiliiɗi hakkunde teeminannde 16 ɓiire e feccere temm 18 ɓiire, ko iwdi arɗo Birom tan wonata arɗo Looti. Lietnaa Cheruy winndii e nder ciimtol mum 1911 wonde : « Tuggude arɗo Birom haa yettii Maamuudu Maccuɗo (yonta 7ɓo) mawɓe wuro e leydi ndema Bahbahɓe kala ko arɗooji ngonnoo. » Hay so tawii Cheruy wiyii wonde Maamuudu Maccuɗo woniino Elimaan, o wiyaani haa laaɓti ko kanko woni arɗo Looti battano. Annduɓe asko e taariik aadanteeɓe ina njaggi wonde ko Sammba Siree, ganndiraaɗo arɗo Cammbulel tokooso, woni arɗo cakkitto.
Ooɗoo arɗo Cammbulel tokooso ko taanum ŋaddet Al Hajji Sammba Boongel en kam e Aamadu Zakariyaa, lollirɗo Duudu Bah, gidiiɗo wonde meer Bahbahɓe.
Ɗo ganndal men tolnii heen hannde ɗo, en mbaawaa waɗde doggol meeɗnooɓe wonde arɗo Looti, alaa ko haali dewondiral maɓɓe. Ko ɗee geɗe tan njenana-ɗen : 1. Ko ɓe iwdi arɗo Birom (sukaaɓe arɗo Cammbulel heddiiɓe ɓe njahdaani e makko haa Tunti walla njaltii law Bele Ndenndi) ; 2. Idii wonde arɗo ko arɗo Cammbulel e ɓiyum arɗo Birom ; 3. Sakkitii wonde arɗo ko arɗo Looti ko arɗo Sammba Siree ganndiraaɗo arɗo Cammbulel Tokooso. Aadaaji galle Aamadu Daara ina kollita wonde arɗo Sammba Siree lomtii ko arɗo Buubu Siley. Aamadu Daara e hooye mum wonii elimaan Bahbahɓe tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 16. Ganndal men yettaaki e waawde goongɗinde kaa haala.
Lefol arɗo ngol e lefol elimaan ngol, wonaa no sikkirtee nii, wonaa doneteengol. E nder aadaaji Fulɓe jowitiiɗi ndonu, laamaandi heewaani tuugaade e lomtondiral to bannge njibiniigu. Yeru mum, nde Koli Teŋella, satigi gadano laamaandi deeniyaŋkooɓe, saŋkii nde, ko miñi mum Labba Teŋella lomtii ɗum ; nde oon saŋkii ko Sammba Teŋella jooɗii e jappeere laamu. Ɓiyɓe Koli (Gelaajo Bammbi e Gelaajo Tabara e Yero Jam e Gata Kummba) puɗɗii laamaade ko caggal nde baabiraaɓe mum en sawndiiɓe fof maayi. Ɓiy Yero Jam biyeteeɗo Satigi Sawa Laamu, lolluɗo o, fiilaa ko caggal maayde baaba mum tokooso hono Gata Kummba.
Jooɗagol to Bahbahɓe Waalo kam e Almamaagal
Fergo Bahbahɓe wattano ɓurngo mawnude waɗi ko e feccere teeminannde 18 ɓiire, duuɓi capanɗe tati ko adii nde dillere tooroɓɓe foolata laamaandi deeniyaŋkooɓe, joɗɗina Almamaagal. Tasgol laamu deeniyankooɓe, ceedtinirngol golwole laamu, addaniino satigi Sawa Laamu dartinde, teeminanndeedere hitaande ko adii, wolde keɓtugol huunde e Jeeri Fuuta. Ɗum addaniino amiraaji Tararsa e Barakna waawde naatde e fiyakuuji ndernderi leydi ndi. Njanguuji e dahngooji dewondirɗi ngaddaniino gure keewɗe taccude maayo. Ko e nder kaa ngonka Bahbahɓe Looti ngoppi leydi mum en, laawol goɗngol. Cuuɗi iwɗi e arɗo Birom carondiri e diiwan worgo maayo : tuggi Meri haa Pete nder Laaw, haa Mboolo Biraan, nder Yirlaaɓe Hebbiyaaɓe, walla nii caggal Fuuta, haa Piir, nder Kayoor.
Abdul Kaadiri Kan, almaami Fuuta gadano e nder laamaandi seernaaɓe tooroɓɓe, ummanii heɓtude kolaaɗe rewo maayo. O fuɗɗorii ko mahtaade huunde e gure (egganooɗe) e nokkuuji tolniiɗi kolaaɗe bannge worgo maayo. Tabitingol ndee feere ɗaɓɓii duuɓi seeɗa, nde tawnoo ko gollal mawngal. Ko ɗum tagi, sikkaaka so tawii jogorɓe hoɗoyde e Bahbahɓe Waalo ɓe, njiytondirii e keeweendi siiñtunooɓe Bahbahɓe Looti gila hitaande 1776.
Wuro heso ngo huccondiri ko e nokku ɗo wuro adanngo ngo wonnoo ɗo, sara Juude Waalo. Yimooɓe e naalankooɓe Fuuta ina korsini no feewi oon nokku, seede mum ko ngolɗoo konngol dowlungol, gila Gellaay Aali Faal haa Sammba Jeeba : « Juude Jaaɓi sara Bahbahɓe ».
Ummaade laamu arɓe haa laamu elimaan
So tawii en mbaawaa wiyde ko ndee Bahbahɓe Looti mahaa, eɗen njenanaa elimaan gidiiɗo jooɗaaɗe ɗoon ko elimaa Sammba Aali, ina sikkaa, hakkunde 1780-1790. Ɗum ɗoon luurondiraani e kabaaru mo lietnaa Cheruy (1911) rokki, biyɗo wonde Maamuudu Maccuɗo woni elimaan gadano Bahbahɓe Looti. Lefol elimaan ngol lomtiima lefol arɗo ngol gila e darorɗe teeminannde 18ɓiire (ko idii fergo wattano ngo) . Ina gasa nii tawa leppi ɗiɗi ɗi ngondii haa nde mbayliigu ngu rewolisiyoŋ toroɓɓe waawni wonannooɓe lefol Fulɓe ɓooyngol ngol woppude ngol, maande laamu kesu ngu lomtii ɗoon.
Won daartiyankooɓe lasliyaŋkooɓe mbiyi wonde goppugol lefol arɗo ngol, e lomtagol ɗoon lefol elimaan ngol, ko feere nde ardiiɓe dillere tooroɓɓe ƴetti e hitaande 1772, so joñde leppi gaadanteeji ɗi kala (arɗo, joom, satigi, farba, jaagaraf, ekn …) ɗi njokkondiraani e lislaam. Caggal nde ndee feere ƴettaa batu ndenndinngu mawɓe galleeji e cuuɗi ummiiɗi e Baraahim Ñokor ummoriiɓe e jookli Fuuta fof, jooɗii, felliti wonde Bahbahɓe Looti ngoppii lefol mum en arɗo ngol, ƴettii lefol elimaan ngol. Won e yimɓe maantinɓe e nder dillere tooroɓɓe tawtoraa ndeen joɗnde, ko wayi no Alfaa Umar Seydi Yero Buso Demmba Barahiim mo Hoore Foonde (lomtinooɗo Ceerno Sileymaani Baal e gardagol parti tooroɓɓe) e Tafsiiru Hammadi Ibraa gonnooɗo arɗo Mbantu.
Addani lefol elimaan ngol lomtaade lefol arɗo ko keɓtugol lannda keso (tooroɓɓe) ngardiigu to bannge miijanteendi e politik renndo e laamu nder Fuuta. Nguuɗoo mbayliigu luggiɗiraani noon fof sibu won geɗe ɗe ngu ittaani, ko wayi no tippudi lomtagol. Ko ɗum tagi, hono no gila e yonta arɗooji, kala ko ummii e arɗo Cammbulel to bannge gorol, ina waawi teeɗanaade lefol elimaan ngol so tawii dañii duuɓi 16 timmuɗi e wondude e jaɓgol jaambureeɓe.
Jaambureeɓe
Ko jaambureeɓe ngoni jaalal njuɓɓudi ndi. Kamɓe ngoni galleeji jom en leydi en. Mawɓe maɓɓe cuɓotoo hakkunde fooɗantooɓe lefol ngol, potɗo fiileede o. Aɓe ndokkaa mbaawka liɓde mo. Ko kamɓe ndeenata lefol ngol hakkunde manndaaji ɗiɗi. So haɗre waɗii, ko kamɓe lomtotoo. Galleeji jaambureeɓe (ɓetirtenooɗi cengele) ko ɗiiɗoo : Salsalɓe, Baalɓe, Jaljalɓe, Ndonngeeɓe, e Jahjahɓe galle Foogaa, Caamɓe, Liiduɓe, Salsalɓe e Jaljalɓe galle Elimaan Maalik, Sohsohɓe, Salsalɓe e Waarɓe galle Elimaan Sammba Aali, Salsalɓe e Baalɓe e Busooɓe galle Buubu.
Somsomɓe, nde tawnoo ko kam en ngoni idiiɓe e nokku he, ko jaambureeɓe, kono kadi kadi ko kam en piilata, ɗum ɗoon noon ko gila e yonta Tunti. (yettoode Soh nde ko fulo Som).
E ko aadaaji kaali, iwdi arɗo Birom ko galle gooto, gila e yonta Bele-Ndenndi haa fergo mawngo wattano ngo. Peccitagol wuro ngo e galleeji nay mawɗi (Galle Fooga, Galle Elimaan Maalik, Galle Elimaan Sammba Aali e Galle Buubu), ko huunde nde ɓooyaani. Ina sikkaa tan ɗum waɗi ko caggal tataɓal gadanal teeminanndeinannde 19ɓiire, sibu heen galleeji ɗiɗi inniraa ko almameeɓe Bahbahɓe Looti ɗiɗo idiiɓe ɓe. Peccitagol e galleeji ngol ɓuri tuugaade ko e jiidigal, hay so tawii noon, geɗe goɗɗe, ko wayi no cehilaagal walla caɗtidiigu ina teskee heen. Galleeji ɗii kadi ngonaa piɓiiɗi, eɗi mbayloo e sahaa e sahaa kala.
Kootol
Caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi ɗo Bahbahɓe Waalo ɗo, ko ina ɓura teemedere hitaande, Bahbahɓe eggi goɗngol. Ɓe ngarti rewo maayo, saraaji weendu ɗo ɓe umminoo ɗo, so Bahbahɓe Looti, ɗo taaniraaɓe maɓɓe mawnunoo, Ɗum addani koreeji maɓɓe gure saraaji ɗe fuɗɗitaade tooñirde ɓe « Bah jeerinaaɓe ».
Ina jeyaa e sababuuji ngool eggugol kiisgol kalifaandi laamu kam e yiɗde Seef kantoŋaaji huutoraade luure ndonu lefol almaami jolooje hakkunde maɓɓe, ngam waylude tippudi renndo maɓɓe. Ngoo eggo mawngo waɗi ko e hitaande 1905, tawi Alfaa Sammba ina woni elimaan.
Galle Aamadu Daado
Iwdi Bahbaaɓe galle Aamadu Daado jeyaa ko e koyngal taaniraaɓe arɗo Birom. E nder fergo maɓɓe wattindiingo (e nder feƴtere teeminaande sappo e jeetati) e gardagol afo galle o, hono Aamadu Daramaan Buubu Siley, ɓurɗo lollirde Aamadu Daado, e ballondiral e miñum Maccuɗo Daado. Ɓe njooɗii ko Mboolo Biraan, (sara Galoya, e nder diwaan Yirlaaɓe-Hebbiyaaɓe). Yumma maɓɓe wonnoo ko Daado Loru Sala Ɓiroowo, jeyaaɗo e Baalɓe galle Foogaa.
Luttugol maɓɓe Mboolo Biraan tolnoyiima e duuɓi capanɗe jeeɗiɗi walla ɓura. Caggal duuɓi seeɗa nde Bahbahlnaaɓe koɗoyi worgo maayo, maa won laabi ɗiɗi Somsomɓe njahii Mboolo Biraan ngam yiɗde jaɓnude ɓe yoo ɓe ngartu Bahbaaɓe Waalo, kono ɗum newaaki. Heewɓe mbii, ko ɗaɓɓugol Abdul Njaay Buubu addani ɓe ummaade Yirlaaɓe-Hebbiyaaɓe, ɓe ngarti Laaw. Nde tawnoo e oon sahaa jiidigal kosam e duhol ina njogii tiiɗndi e nder renndo ngo, Abdul Njaay ina joginoo teddungal mawngal e nder leñol Aamadu Daado. Taaniiko debbo to baŋnge gorol wonnoo ko Ndamsa Loru Sala Ɓiroowo, miñum walla mawnum Daado Loru, jibinɗo Aamadu Daado e Maccuɗo Daado. Ina jeyaa e dalilaaji ɗi o jaɓniri ɓe yo ɓe ngartu, ko añde mo ɓe mbaasa leyɗeele maɓɓe waalo e lawakaagu maɓɓe.
Gargol yimɓe Galle Aamadu Daado to Bahbaaɓe Waalo waɗi ko e hitaande 1834 walla 1835. Ko ɗum kam ɓuri yaakoreede e fawaade e taariikaaji jaŋtaaɗi galle oo biiɗi wonde ɓe ummitii Mboolo Biraan ko e fiilngo njeenaɓiiru mbattindiingu Almaami Yuusuf Lih. En mbaawa wiide e oon sahaa wonde ko e nguurndam Aamadu Daado e miñum galle o arti. Ko ɓuri jooɗtoreede tan ko ɓiɓɓe maɓɓe (Aali Aamadu, Abdullaahi Maccuɗo, Umar Maccuɗo e Atumaani Maccuɗo) ngartiri galle oo Bahbaaɓe Waalo.
Elimaanuuji ummiiɗi e galle Aamadu Daado ko njeeɗiɗo. Ina jeyaa e ko haɗi ɓe heewde elimaanuuji, leelde ɓe artude e nokku he. Elimaanuuji jeeɗiɗi ɓe ko ɓeeɗo : Elimaan Aamadu Saanuun(e maayirɗe teeminaande 19), Elimaan Sammba Yero(kitaale 1920), Elimaan Umar Saanuun lollirɗo Elimaan Sooyubu (laabi ɗiɗi, e nder kitaale 1940), Elimaan Maamuudu Sammba (1953-1957), Elimaan Muusaa Saydu (1972-1974), Elimaan Alfaa Dowut (1984-1988) e Elimaan Mammadu Ibraa (1996-2000).
Jiidigal e kaɓɓondire
Jiidigal ɓattingal gonnongal hakkunde galle Aamadu Daado e Salsalɓe galle Buubu, e darnde nde Abdul Njaay Buubu darii e gartaangal maɓɓe e renndo maɓɓe lasliyaŋkeewo, addani ɓiɓɓe e taaniraaɓe Aamadu Daramaan e Maccuɗo yantude e galle Buubu. Hay so tawii hannde galle Aamadu Daado ina jogii goodaangal mum keeringal e wellitaare mum, ittataa, ko ɓe tergal timmungal e galle Buubu ; Galle Buubu noon ko dental jaajngal denndinngal galleeji keewɗi ɗi jettooɗe limti-limtinɗi ko wayno : Sal, Baal, Dem, Joop, Wat, Mbaay, Sih, Taal, Njaay, Jah, Waar, Buso, Aan, Wañ e Bah.
Hay noon konu askinooɓe so jooɗiima jonte e jonte ina askina, waawaa jiiɓtude tippudi jiidigal gonngal e nder ngoo renndo.
No yoga e hoɗɓe e nokku he nih, Galle Aamadu Daado (Bah, Jah e Buso ) ina njiidi e galleeji goɗɗi ɗi, maa wonii ko jiidigal kosam walla ƴiiƴam. Walla kadi jiidigal sabu cattidiigal e jotondire ɓooyɗe e kuutondire duumiiɗe e cehilaagal tiiɗngal e hoolaare e kormondiral.
Galle Aamadu Daado ina jogodii jotondiral keeringal e won ɗiin galleeji walla won ɗeen jettooɗe. To baŋnge gorol, ɓe njeyaa ko e koyɗe tati ummiiɗe e galle Arɗo Birom Sammba Baraahim, ɗum woni galle Elimaan Maalik e galle Al Hajji Sammba Boongel, ɓe njiididi ɗoon kamɓe fof e bahbaaɓe galle Elimaan Sammba Aali iwdi Sawa Sammba Baraahiim e denndaangal Baalɓe ummiiɓe e Bukaar Baraahiim walla Aali Usmaan Baraahiim. Gaagaa jotondire taariikyaŋkooje ɗe ɓe njogodii e Salsalɓe galle Buubu, to baŋnge kosam eɓe njogii jotondiral keeriingal e won e ɓeen Salsalɓe e Watwatɓe iwɓe e Ndamsa Loru . Ko noon ne kadi wonande waar-waarɓe, ummiiɓe kañum en kala e Takko Loru e Baalɓe galle Foogaa ummiiɓe e gorol Sawa Loru Baal.
Anndinoore Elimaan Keso oo
Keborɗo fiileede jooni Elimaan o, wiyetee ko Muhammed Haaruuna Bah. O jibinaa ko e hitaande 1959. Ko o ɓi’i Haaruuna Aamadu Sammba Saanuun, ɓurɗo lollirde Demmba Cuucu. O jeyaa ko e koyngal afɓe bahbaaɓe galle Aamadu Daado. Kanko e yondiiɓe makko ngoni e yonta sappo e joyaɓo taaniraaɓe arɗo cammbulel. To baŋnge yumma makko, ko o njaatum Elimaan Sammba Yero, ko o taanum Aamadu Abuu Mammadu Dem, ɓurɗo anndireede ɗoo Saanuun Dikal, Elimaan Siñtu.
Ko kaŋko hebori wonde Elimaan jeetaɓo iwɗo e galle Aamadu Daado, capanɗe tato e njeetaɓiijo tuggi piilngal Maamuudu Maccuɗo. Caggal laamungal Maamuudu Sammba Yero, e hitaande 1953, Mohammed Haaruuna woni ɓurɗo wonde suka keborɗo fiileede lefol laamu. Nguun cukaagu noon hol to fuuntu yimɓe. Elimaan keso o, ko jom hakille, ko wuraŋke, etee ko jogiiɗo humpito e fiɓnde potɗe wallitde mo roondaade ko fawa e makko ko.
Yoo Allah wallu mo e faamde, enen e makko kala, wonde ko renndini yimɓe Bahbaaɓe Looti ko, gila e Tunti e Bele Ndenndi, ko ina tolnoo jooni e teeminanɗe joy, ɓuri tiiɗde e luure jolooje ina ɓenna. So tawii oo nokku hawriino e kareeli bonɗi, o woniino ne kay, etee omo heddii haa jooni e wonde, nokku ɗo cente yimɓe ummiiɓe e nokkuuji ceertuɗi kawriti haa mahi neɗɗaagu kesu. Rokki nguuɗoon neɗɗaagu doole ko fergooji uururɓe juutɗi, muusɗi e nder jeeri fuuta, ko caasal soofaaji ummoriiɗi Gede, ko cuusal Seereraaɓe Sappeen. Kono kadi ko e iimanaagal cemmbinngal ɓeen heewɓe aawnooɓe e oon nokku diine Lislaam, ñiɓi ɗum e nder leydi haa tiiɗi, leydi njooɗinoondi ko juuti tawi humpitaaki oon diine.
Ñaagi-ɗen Allah ko nde rokkata Elimaan keso ñeeñal won heen mawɓe adinooɓe en e oo nokku.
– Yo Allah rokku mo tiiɗeede hoore makko, no Elimaan Alfaa Sammba Kudi nii. Kumaandaŋ serkal Ɓoggee yiɗaano mo, waɗi feere haa waawni, e nder batu, yo yontaaɓe wuro ngo keɓtu lefol ngol e juuɗe makko. Caggal nde o ɓooraa, elimaan ne hucciti e tuubako o, wiyi ɗum :«nde ngon-mi mawɗo wuro nde, ko fotde am e jippinde ma. Kono tawde mi wonti tergal wuro mehal, aan ne mbeɗe ñaagiima nde luɓrataami galle am». Kumaandaŋ, nde wonde ko garme haftii, yahi.
– Yo Allah rokku mo hakilantaagal e ñeeñal nguurndam no Ibraa Dowut Atumaani, ɓurɗo lollirde Ngaari Looti. Hakkille ceeɓɗo, newnanaaɗo konngol. Ina wiyee wonde ko o neɗɗo mo konngol mum heɗetenoo. Ko ɗum tagi so o ƴettii konngol o joofni tan, batu heewi ko ƴeeseede.
– Yo Allah rokku mo ndimaagu ɓernde e yonteede Lamin Yero toɗɗanooɗo yo won elimaan, caggal ɗuum woppani ngol mo fooɗondirtunoo o, hono Maamuudu Elimaan Maalik. E miijo makko, oon ɓuri mo jogaade mbaawka majjum ; O ɓeydi heen o wi’i ko gacce wonanta mo hootde wuro omo fooli keccuɗo mo. Elimaan Maamuudu, e sahaa nde fiilaa Almaami Fuuta, hollirii kañum ne yonteede mum, nde huutorii mbaawka mum, rokkiti Lamin Yero lefol ngol o woppirnoo ɗum Allah meho.
On njaaraama.
Doggol elimaneeɓe
I- Bahbahɓe Looti (ko adii rewolisiyoŋ tooroɓɓe mo 1776)
1- Elim. Maamuudu Maccuɗo (hakkunde 1740-1770)
II- Bahbahɓe Waalo (caggal rewolisiyoŋ tooroɓɓe)
2- Elim. Sammba Aali (hedde 1780 haa 1796)
3- Elim. Maalik Hammaat (tuggi 1796 – 97)
4- Elim. Demmba Kaasum
5- Elim. Bookar Yero
6- Elim. Mammadu Demmba
7- Elim. Maamuudu Maalik (haa nde fiilaa almaami Fuuta 1860-61)
8- Elim. Lamin Yero (tuggi 1861)
9- Elim. Aamadu Demmba
10- Elim. Sammba Kaasum
11- Elim. Baydi Alfaa
12- Elim. Aamadu Saanun
13- Elim. Ibraa Kaasum
14- Elim. Alfaa Sammba (gartugol Bahbahɓe Looti waɗi ko e laamu makko e hitaande 1905)
III- Bahbahɓe Looti (Caggal1905)
15- Elim. Kaasum Baydi
16- Elim. Sammba Yero
17- Elim. Maalik Ceerno (Maalik Gallu)
18- Elim. Baaba Demmba
19- Elim. Demmba Aamadu
20- Elim. Umar Saanun (elim. Sooybu)
21- Elim. Aadama Jaafara
22- Elim. Sammba Kudi)
23- Elim. Karamoko Maalik (1947)
24- Elim. Ibraa Sidiiki (elim. Aali)
25- Elim. Abdul Aamadu Demmba
26- Elim. Maamuudu Sammba Yero (1953-1957)
27- Elim. Ibraa Daawuuda (Yeroyel Daawuuda) (1957-1968)
IV- Elimanaagal lomlomtondiral (cabbi gorle duuɓi nay fof)
28- Elim. Ibraahiima Alfaa Sammba (Raasin Selli) (1968-1972)
29- Elim. Musaa Saydu (1972-1976)
30- Elim. Bookar Siidi (1976-1980)
31- Elim. AlHajji Elimaan (Baabalih Maymuuna) (1980-1984)
32- Elim. Alfaa Dowut Maamuudu (1984-1988)
33- Elim. Aamadu Sammba Jibi (1988-1992)
34- Elim. Aamadu Demmba (Elimaan Maymuuna) (1992-1996)
35- Elim. Mammadu Ibraa (1996-2000)
36- Elim. Kaasum Dooro (2000)
37- Elim. Mammadu Karamoko (Tafsiiru Ismaa) (2004-2008)
38- Elim. Mohammed Haaruuna
Abdullaay Siree Bah
Fulo : Bookara Aamadu Bah


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1. Go’o, sariya oo no lelniraa nii e hoore mum sellataa…
No o winndiraa nii, alaa ko ko o firti, sibu ko kewu mumtanaa heen bonannde, wonaa baɗe… Sariya mumtugol bonannde ine foti laaɓtude…
2. Ɗiɗi, warhoore haaleteende ndee, jeyaa ko he warhooreeji ɗi bonannde mum en mumtotaako…
Won e warhooreeji ɗi bonannde mum mumtotaako to bannge laabi sariya winndere ndee lelni, ɗi Muritani siifi, jaɓi : Denndaangal sariyaaji paatuɗi he huɓ-ɓeraagal (tortiir) ; denndaangal sariyaaji paatuɗi he mumto-leñol, denndaangal sariyaaji paatuɗi he warhoore neɗɗaagu, denndaangal nanondire paatuɗe e warhoore wolde, ɗiiɗoo sariyaaji 4 ɓiɗɗi-yummaaji, yahdiiji, paatuɗi e warhoore, bonannde mum en waawaa mumtaneede.
3. Tati, gaa gaa ɗiiɗoo sariyaaji nay ɗi bonannde mum en mumtotaako, ina waɗi ngonkaaji ɗi bonannde mum en mumtotaako …
Jaaynde wiyeteende Kassataya jokkondirii e Porfeseer Gurmo Loh, karaalo ko faati he sariya, ngam yeewtidde e mum hafeere sariya ƴettanooɗo he Suudu sarɗi ñalnde 29 mee 1993 ngam yaafaade warkoyeeɓe, haa teeŋti noon e warnooɓe koninkooɓe ɓaleeɓe nder tuddule konu Muritani e kitaale 1990-1991. Gurmo Loh hollitii heen hol no oon sariya ardunoo e hol no o waawi firdireede ngam ɗaɓɓude ñaawoore yimɓe warnooɓe koye e ɗiin duuɓi 1989-1991.
E wiyde makko, addi ɗum ko yiɗnoode laamu Maawiya yejjitinde winndere ndee bonanndeeji e sahaa mo leyɗe keewɗe njaaɓani ko wiyetee demokaraasi koo, haa teeŋti noon e leyɗe Afrik. Laamu nguu rewri e depiteeji, haa teeŋti won ɗiin depiteeji ɓaleeɓe ngam lelnude oon sariya e hitaande 1993. Caggal nde haralleeɓe sariya Maawiya lelni mo, maa mbiyaa nii he nder suuɗaare.
To bannge laabi sariya ɗum alaa ko firti. Tee sariya oo yaafii ko kewuuji baɗnooɗi. Alaa fof ɗo wiyaa e makko ko warngooji ɗii, ko warhoore mumto-leñol ɗii njaafaa. Ɗum noon sariya oo no winndira nii, ñaawoowo jom hakkille fof waawaa jaggirde ɗum no sariya nii, sibu “kewuuji” mbaawaa mumtaneede bonannde, mumtantee bonannde ko baɗe, ko geɗe kewɗe, tee ɗeen baɗe, ine poti limteede haa laaɓta. Ine foti haaleede, bonannde mumteende ndee ine foti inneede, haa anndee haa laaɓta holi kayre. Ɗum noon, ooɗoo sariya alaa fof ɗo feeñi he mum ko mumtantee bonannde koo ko woni.
Sariya oo sellaani, alaa kiima, o wonaa “walaabal”. E sifaaji ɗiɗi fof o sellaani :
Go’o : lelngo sariya kaa e hoore mum, no ka winndiraa nii :
Sariya jogotoo faayiida ko maa firta huunde. Oo sariya alaa ko firti. Sibu so neɗɗo yiɗii siynude sariya ko maa lelngo mum jogoo mbaadi mbaawndi siynaade. So neɗɗo wiyii mumtii bonannde kewu, maa o haala hol ndeen bonannde. Ɗoo noon bonannde ndee sifaaka, ko mumtatee koo feeñaani heen. Ɗum noon, bonannde ndee anndaaka, saka mumtee. Sariya mumtugol bonannde ine foti laaɓtude.
Ɗiɗi : Warhooreeji ɗi bonannde mum en mumtotaako.
Ɗoo kadi ɓuri bonde. Sibu won e bonanndeeji ɗi mumtotaako. Won e warhooreeji ɗi mumtotaako to bannge laabi sariya winndere ndee lelni, ɗi Muritani siifi jaɓii ɗum en. Denndaangal sariyaaji paatuɗi he kuɓɓingol ɓernde (tortiir) ; denndaangal sariyaaji paatuɗi he mumto-leñol, denndaangal sariyaaji paatuɗi he warhoore neɗɗaagu, denndaangal nanondire paatuɗe e warhoore wolde, ɗiiɗoo sariyaaji 4 ɓiɗɗi-yummaaji, yahdiiji, paatuɗi e warhoore, bonannde mum en waawaa mumtaneede.
Tati : Ngonkaaji ɗi mbaawaa mumtaneede bonannde :
Mi ɓeydaa heen, gaa gaa ɗiiɗoo sariyaaji nay ɗi bonannde mum en mumtotaako (warhoore piggal, warhoore mumto-leñol, warhoore wolde, warhoore neɗɗaagu), ina waɗi ngonkaaji ɗi mbaawaa mumtaneede bonannde : so tawii ko warhoore jokkuɗo, dogoowo mo dartaaki : eɗen mbaawi mumtude bonannde warhoore baɗɗo. So mi warii ma jooni, sariya ina waawi wooteede, mumta bonannde warngo ndee. Ɗumɗoo ko baɗal dottangal e sahaa, sibu a maayii, gasii. Jooni noon hiiso ko mi majjinɗo ma ! Mi waraani ma, ko mi dahɗo ma, majjin-maa-mi. Ko a majjuɗo, yimɓe nganndaa to ngon-ɗaa. Hay gooto waawaa mumtude ndee bonannde majjugol, sibu ko warhoore dogoowo mo suwaa joofde, ɗoon ɗo a yiytaaka aɗa maayi, teŋre maa yiyaaka, haa yimɓe laaɓee ko aan tigi woni ɗoon. Hay gooto waawaa mumtande majjinɗo ma oo bonannde ndee. Ɗoo, wonaa tolno bonannde ndee hiisetee no warhooreeji ɓennuɗi ɗiya nii (warhoore aadee, warhoore mumto-leñol, warhoore piggal…), ɗoo ko sifaa no gollal ngal wayi nii ñaawetee. Biyaaɗo majjii, ko majjuɗo ɗoon ɗo teŋre joomum yiytaaka tawo, walla o yiytaaka omo wuuri. Ndaa, koninkooɓe haaleteeɓe ɓee, wiyeteeɓe bonannde mbaɗaa ndee mumtaama ɓee, hay gooto meeɗaani tawo seedaade gooto e mum en gila ndeen, hay gooto seedaaki ɗo ɓe ngubbaa. Ɗum noon, ko bonannde nde mumtotaako e oo sahaa, sibu ko nde dogoore nde dartaaki tawo. Denndaangal ɓe ɓe ngonnoo he njiimaandi mum en, woni mawɓe ɓe ɓe ngonnoo he yamiroore mum en ŋaddet ɓee, ɓee fof ñaawirtee ko waɗɓe warhoore majjingol, sibu ɓe ngonnoo ko he njiimaandi maɓɓe, nde ɓe cakkitii yiyeede ndee. Ɓayde tan ɓe kaalaani ɗo ɓe ngoni, bonannde maɓɓe ndee waawaa mumteede.
Ñalnde sariya oo wootetee ndee (29 mee 1993), idiiɓe seppude ko yimɓe jogiiɓe he majjuɓe ɓee hakke. Yimɓe naamnotonooɓe ñaawoore warɓe koye ɓee, kono kadi, e oon sahaa doole luulndo (e oon sahaa ko UFD/ère nouvelle wonnoo) yuɓɓinnoongo seppooji yeeso Suudu Sarɗi. Yimɓe ine keewi yejjitde ɗuum. Oɗon mbaawi naamnoyaade ɗum fedde hesniiɓe, ɓe nganndu-ɗaa ko Kajjata Maalik Jallo, Lalla Ayse en, kisindoo ɗum en. Maa ɓe kaalan on fof no yahrunoo. Ko depiteeji ɓaleeɓe nulaa e oon sahaa ngam hujjikinaade. Ɓee ngullaama ñalnde heen yeeso Asaambele ngenndi ɗoo. Ko ndeen woni go’o nde delegaasiyoŋ mawɗo weewuuji e pelle ballittunooɗe ɗum en, ari Pari (mi heɓii teddungal jaɓɓaade ɓe toon) ngam tawtoreede Batu Vienne paatungu e warhoore neɗɗaagu, warhoore mumto-leñol kam e ndeenka jojjanɗe aadee. Ko ndeen woni go’o ko ɗeen pelle ina ɗannoo ngam hollitde ko kewnoo e Muritani koo, hono ko ɓaleeɓe mbaɗaa koo. Min mbaɗi goomu, min njaɓɓii ɓe, min kebli ɓe haa ɓe mbaawi ɓennude Genève.
Laamu hannde nguu waɗaani hay huunde tawo, kono e laamu Siidi wul Sheek Abdallaahi, diisnondiral waɗanooma, toɓɓe garooje ɗee kawraa heen:
1. Heɓtinde darnde laamu Muritani, heɓtina warhoore neɗɗaagu waɗii, warhoore mumto-leñol waɗii.
2. Laamu Muritani jaɓa ɗuum, heɓtina warhoore ndee
3. Hunoo ummanaade silsil ñaawoore nuunɗal kam e goonga.
Ko ɗoon yahretenoo, ɓooytaani kuudetaa Abdel Asiis ari dergiti fof. Won wiyɓe geɗe ɗee ine njokkondiri. Ko famɗi fof huunde e koninkooɓe ɓee njeyaama e kuudetaa hee ngam dartinde ko fuɗɗanoo koo.
Haala Gurmo Abdul Loh || Binnditagol Fooyre Ɓamtaare
Sariya mo tonngoode 93-23 ñalnde 14 suweŋ 1993
Kuulal 1 : Mumtugol bonannde timmungol rokkaama:
1) terɗe doole ndeenka e kisal njaɓɓunooɗe laawol hakkunde 1 saawiyee 1989 e 18 abril 1992, jaɓɓugol jowitiingol e kewkewe baɗnooɗe nder doole ndeenka e kisal caabiiɗe baɗe konuyeeje e ndoolndoolaagu.
2) ɓiɓɓe leydi Muritani yaɓɓunooɓe laawol caggal baɗe konuyeeje e ndoolndoolaagu e kulɓingol baɗnooɗe e oon sahaa gooto.
Kuulal 2 : kala wullitango, kala kuuɓal walla dokimaa anket paatuɗo e oon mudda toɗɗiingo neɗɗo jeyaaɗo e mumtanaaɓe bonannde ɓee, ko ko joñetee, alaa ko jibinta.
Kuulal 3 : Ooɗoo sariya maa saaktire feere heñoraande, siyniree no sariya dowla, nder Jaaynde laawɗinaande Denndaandi Lislameeri Muritani.

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Ñalnde 7 siilo e 2017, Fedde Piindi Pinal Boosoya waɗii hiirde pinal pattamlamre e gardagol Kajjata Abdarahmaani Bah to dingiral pine buluŋŋe (Espace culturel La Case) e nder Nuwaasot. Ko adii tawo, hade nder, mbeddaaji ɗii keew haa coki, Alla e ñaaƴooɓe maantiniiɓe, ñaantiiɓe, ñaantoriiɓe gaaɓɗi, laaɓɗi, labaaɗi e nder fanniyankaagal goobu kesal, ñaaƴooɓe, ɓe keñaaki saka punndina jamaanu. Ɗo damal ɗoo, darnaa ɗoon ko fuuɗiiɓe, mooriiɓe, saccuɓe ngam jaɓɓaade e duusde bismaaɓe ɓee haa njettoyoo jooɗorɗe mumen. Hiirde ndee waɗaa ko e teddungal Bah Abdul Booɗeejo, gorko cuutinke jeyaaɗo Teccaan. Jirwini nde ko Diɗɗal Jaalal. Resndaa njuɓɓudi ndii ko Alhajji Makki Tammbaa Joop, gorko Njorol, Sammba e diiŋaale.
Hurmbiti jamma oo ko hooreejo fedde e ɗemngal Pulaar, caggal ɗum konngol ngol firaa e ɗemngal Farayse. Caggal salminaango, o adorii ko njettoor feewde e denndaangal addunooɓe ballal mumen e toŋtunooɓe fedde ndee, gila e fuɗɗoode mayre haa heɓi ɗo nde yahranta hannde Alla ɗoo, foti noon ko dañɓe arde haa ɗoon e dingiral ngal walla ko ɓe ndañaani tawtoreede hiirde ndee sabu ngantuuji aduna. O rewni heen ko golle puɗɗanooɗe golleede e caɗeele kawraaɗe wonande lowre nde ɓe njooki ko e ƴellitgol Pinal Fulɓe. O sakkitorii ko waɗde wasiyaaji feewde e fedde nde o ardii ndee e feewde renndo jooɗiingo ngoo.
Caggal konngol hooreejo, Fedde Piindi Pinal Boosoya waɗi wejo pattamlamo, ŋarɗungo. Wejo ngoo holliri ko nguurndam Pullo gaynaako, dewɗo e ndariindi, nagge, mbeewa e mbaalu, gila e lahe gonooje e dow kaggu, baɗooje ɓiraɗam, leele, fedannde e kaaɗam, ɗo ɓe njejjitaani cawndorɗe, jaɓɓorɗe, ɓirduɗe e beɗi cañaaɗi cañraaɗi baaji kelli, coraaɗi ciidi gommbe ñendiko, ñoobuko, mbayeeri walla feelaa. Nde tawnoo ko mawɓe maɓɓe ndeennoo bonaani tawo, ɗawaani ɓe sirlu burgal kelli, ɓirdugal baddi e lalorgal eeri hakkunde wurwude, wumpude e yonkude hade kay won hedditoriiɓe haa hannde humpito ko boloŋ e sumalle kaalata.
Nde wejo ngoo yawti, Piindi Pinal Boosoya ñaantii worɓe ɗiɗo, ɓe golle mumen teskaa e nder fedde ndee, Bah Abdul Boɗeejo e Abdaahi Wul Extaari (capaato fulɓe) caggal nde tinndinoore yowitinoonde e nguurndam baaye yawti.
Sammba Jombolo Bah, bammbaaɗo Boosoya, naati dingiral. O nanngi fantaŋ, leeɓol aynaaɓe nayi haa ɓalli nguli jaw, o naati e njaru, o jarfi, o yimi: “njaru oolel buseeje, buso e lolloŋeeje, nano e taltali, ñaamo e gaawe” Laaɓii en e oon jamma so won yahɓe ndeke won heddiiɓe. So fantaŋ walla njaru ronkanii ɓiyi Pullo, jennol walla larbirgol ndañataa e mum geɗal. Uddi hiirde ndee ko Diɗɗal Jaalal caggal nde jabba biyeteeɗo Raasin Jah e daaɗe-gelooɗe pekaan Hammoo Joop e Ibraahiima Jeey, ɓenni.
Gelongal Fuuta lollirɗo, Njaay Saydu Aamadu


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jannde ɓiɓɓe rewɓe
Saakitaama ñannde : Hesɗintinaama ñannde :
Enn kuttiat e hello himmude woni jannde ɓiɓɓe rewɓe ɓe. Won heen diiwan ɗi yahataa ene satti njiyaa jinnaaɓe ene nanna ɓiɓɓe rewɓe ɓe duɗe tuubankoore. Mbiyata ko debbo foti ko jooɗaaɗe galle, gollo golle rewɓe waasa wadde ko worɓe mbaɗata. Hay soɓe naati nii rewɓe ɓe njaawat yaltineede e duɗe ɗee sabu ko dewleteeɓe kaa ko nandi heen… ɗum noon ko caɗeele mawɗe ooɗo jamaano sabu kala mo jangaani nane majjere… Holko haɗi jinnaaɓe ɓe nannude ɓiɓɓe rewɓe ɓe e duɗe ɗe ? Ngam andude holi sabaabuuji mum, min njaɓɓotoo e yewtere nde ko hoɓɓe ɗiɗo. Heen gooto wiyete ko Woppa Jallo o jeyaa ko Matam, ɗoo e Senegaal, ngandal makko fayi ko e reende hakke e hujjaaji ɓiɓɓe aadama. O darni e hitaande ujunnaaji ɗiɗi et jee tati, fedde fii sukaaɓe rewɓe ɓe ene janga kono so jangii ne ene njokkita jannde nde. Koɗo keddiiɗo oo ne, woni ko e duɗe ɗe. O wiyetee ko Agii Jallo o jooɗii ko Ouahigouya saare gonɗo to Burkina.


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Ndenndaandi ɓesgu Siin, (e Sinuwaa koybinaaɗo : 中华人民共和国 ) walla ‘’Siin ɓesnuɗo’’ (mbiyen tan Siin) ko leydi Asii fuɗnaange. Ko famɗi fof, miliyaar e teemedde tati miliyoŋ fittaandu (1 300 000 000) Ina nguuri e mayri, woni jeegoɓal yimɓe winndere ndee.
Ndenndaandi ɓesgu Siin, (e Sinuwaa koybinaaɗo : 中华人民共和国 ) walla ‘’Siin ɓesnuɗo’’ (mbiyen tan Siin) ko leydi Asii fuɗnaange. Ko famɗi fof, miliyaar e teemedde tati miliyoŋ fittaandu (1 300 000 000) Ina nguuri e mayri, woni jeegoɓal yimɓe winndere ndee.
Kayri ɓuri leyɗe aduna ɗee kala heewde yimɓe. Siin ko leydi njaajndi, sibu wertallo mayri ko 9 677 009 km2. To ooɗoo bannge ko ndi nayaɓiri e winndere ndee. Ndi tuggi ko e powle Geec pasifiijo haa e kaaƴe toowɗe gonɗe fuɗnaange Tajikistaan (PAMIR), faade moraande Gobi, haa haayre Himalaya, haa e lowlowi duungel Inndosiin (Wiyetnaam, Kammboje, Laawos, Birmaani e Caylannde). Siin na heerondiri e 14 leydi. Kayri e Riisi ɓuri leyɗe ɗee fof heewde heediiɓe. Ɓeen heediiɓe Siin, tawi ko e njoorndi, ngoni : Wiyetnaam, Laawos, Birmaani, Butan, Nepal, Pakistaan, Afganistaan, Tajikistaan, Kirgisistaan, Kasakstaan, Riisi, Mongoli, Koree rewo. Njuuteendi keeri Siin ko 22 117 km (ɓurngol juutde e winndere ndee). Heediiɓe Siin, tawi ko e diƴƴe ko : Koree worgo, Japon, e Filipiin.
Ina wiyee ko ndi ɗiɗmiri to bannge ƴellitaare faggudu, walla nii, gila 2014, ko kayri heedi yeeso Dental dowlaaji Amerik to oon bannge. Konu mayri ɓuri konuuji winndere ndee kala mawnude ; ko ndi ɗiɗmiri to bannge njeeygu. Ko ndi tergal duumingal nder Goomu Kisal Fedde ngenndiije dentuɗe.
Tippudi mayri politik e faggudu ko keeriindi, sibu ndi nawdi ko demokaraasi e jiilgol tamingol, hono ko anndiraa « faggudu renndiyaagu jehre » (économie socialiste de marché), ɗum firti ko faggudu nduu ko faggudu hoore jawdi (capitalisme), kono endi waɗanaa keeri, tee ko laamu ɗowata ɗum. Doosɗe leydi ɗee ko nii cifirii ndi : “Dowla renndoyaagu les yamiroore demokaraasi ɓesngu, dow gardagol lannda ubriyeeji, gardagol tuugingol e kaɓɓondiral hakkunde ubriyeeji e remooɓe”. E nder ngardiika doosɗe leydi ndii, ina feeñninaa heen ko Heerto Maruceewo Siin (Parti communiste chinois – PCC) ardii fof, kadi miijanteendi dowla oo ƴoogi ko e miijooji Marx-e-Leniin.
Siin jeyaa ko e pine aadee ɓurɗe ɓooyde. Ine wiyee nii pinal mayri woni pinal duumingal ɓurngal ɓooyde e winndere ndee. Pinal ngal fuɗɗorii ko e daande maayo “maayo oolo” (fleuve jaune), reɓi feewde worgo (keɓtugol leñol Han en leyɗe Yangsi Jiang) e feewde hirnaange (leñol Han e Tang), keɓtugol Shinjang e Tibee (leñol Tsing en) e feewde rewo, hono Mandsuri e Monngoli (leñol Tsing en).
E nder ngolɗoo daartol juutngol, ɓooyngol, leydi Siin fecciima e cili keewɗi, caggal ɗuum rentiti. Jananinkooɓe kalfii ndi e cili ɗiɗi. Monngol en kalfii ndi e teem 13ɓiire, Mansuu en kalfii ndi e teem 17ɓiire, hay so tawii noon ɓeen mbattini ko huutoraade aadaaji siinnaaɓe e njuɓɓudi mum en ngam yiilde leydi ndii.
Idii wootiɗinde leydi ndii ko laamɗo biyeteeɗo Shin Shi Huang, coso laamu Shin (Qing) (dokkuɗo leydi ndii innde mum ndee), duuɓi 221 hade Iisaa. Ko ndeen Tata mawka Siin (la Grande muraille de Chine) mahaa. Siin wonti leydi mahiindi to bannge politik e ɗemngal e pinal ƴellitingal, daɗi winndere ndee kala e fannuuji keewɗi, haa arti to ñeeñe e safaara e karallaagal.
E njiimaandi leñol Han en (206 hade Iisaa haa 220 caggal Iisaa) e Tang en (618 haa 907 caggal Iisaa) e Song en (960-1279) leydi ndii ina deeƴi, ina duumii e jam. E oon sahaa Siin ina hiisee wonde leydi ɓurndi faayodinde e winndere ndee to bannge yimɓe mum e karallaagal mum e pentugol geɗe kese, teeŋti noon nde Tang en e Song en laamii ndi ndee ; hay so tawii noon e daawal hakkunde ngal, laamuuji leƴƴi ɗiɗi kaal-den dow ɗii, kareeli ɓesngu njolii e mayri haa ndi feccii. Ɗo yahanoo artaa fof, leñol Han heɓti laamu e hitaande 1 368… Ko tesketee ɗoo, ko hay e sahaaji nde Siin feccii ndee, pinal mayri fof e heewde eddaaji, yo won to bannge aadaaji ndefu, haa e ɗemɗe, e caccuki e sifaaji nguurndam, leydi ndii ina wootiɗi to bannge pinal e njuɓɓudi e politik, kayri fof e yaajde haa ɓurti. Waɗi nguuɗoo ngootaagu aaɓnaade ko binndol ngol tuugaaki no feewi e sawtawol, sibu ko ɗuum addani ɗemɗe ceertuɗe leydi ndii e calsalti mum en, waawde nanndude maaɗe mbinndiin.
E sahaa nde leyɗe tuubakooɓe njaaɓani jiimde winndere ndee, hawri ko leñol jiimnongol Siin ngol ina leefi ; ko ɗuum addani leydi ndii fooleede e cili keewɗi, tuggi “wolde opiyoom” (la guerre de l’opium). Siin rimɗiti tan ko nde fooli Japon e hitaande 1945 mawninteende hannde ndee.
Ndenndaandi ɓesgu Siin sosaa ko ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1949 caggal nde Heerto maruceewo Siin fooli Kiyoomintang.
Bookara Aamadu Bah


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- Njeenaari Nobel annduɓe ko fayti e leer
Hikka, hokkaa njeenaari Nobel ko fayti e ganndal siyaas biyeteengal Fisik (physique) ko wiyeteeɓe Charles Kao, jiytuɗo ko wiyetee Fibre optique (Ɓoggol optik) e George Smith et Willard Boyle sabu wiɗto mum en udditde laawol portigol, sabu ko golle makko ngaddani miliyoŋaaji miliyoŋaaji apaareyuuji portilgol kam e kameraaji woodde.
- Njeenaari Nobel annduɓe ko fayti e leer
Hikka, hokkaa njeenaari Nobel ko fayti e ganndal siyaas biyeteengal Fisik (physique) ko wiyeteeɓe Charles Kao, jiytuɗo ko wiyetee Fibre optique (Ɓoggol optik) e George Smith et Willard Boyle sabu wiɗto mum en udditde laawol portigol, sabu ko golle makko ngaddani miliyoŋaaji miliyoŋaaji apaareyuuji portilgol kam e kameraaji woodde.
Charles Kao, jibinaaɗo to Shanghai (Siin) e hitaande 1933 ko Ameriknaajo. Ko kaŋko holli hol no annoore waawirta dognireede (rewnireede) e ɓoggol optik tawa ko e yolnde juutnde tawa semmbe mum ustaaki. Ɗum waɗnoo ko e hitaande 1966, tee ko kam saabii taaɓal mawngal winndere waɗi to bannge kumpital. So tawiino o yiytaano ɗum, internet woodantaano hannde, telefoŋ yettotaako ɗo yettii hannde ɗo.
Hannde o, e fawaade e wiyde goomu dokkitoowo njeenaari Nobel ndi, njuuteendi ɓoggi optik kuutorteeɗi e winndere nde ina waawi taartaade leydi men ndi laabi noogaas e joy ujunere (laabi 25 000), woni fotde miliyaar kiloomeeteer, walla mbiyen laabi jeegom e feccere yolnde hakkunde men e naange. Tee en kappaani, sibu hitaande kala, 60 miliyoŋ kiloomeeteer ɓoggi optik kesi ina lelnee.
« Ɓoggol optik gaadorangol ina waawi nawde fotde 25 haa 50 jigaabit (gigabits) kabaaru : ɗum woni ko ina wona miliyoŋ noddaango telefoŋ laawol gootol (miliyoŋ neɗɗo ina mbaawi noddidde heen telefoŋ laawol gootol)». Miliyaar nodaango laawol gootol jarribaama e majji. So tawii ɓoggi kiri kuutorto-ɗen hannde ɗi mbaawii lomtinireede ɓoggi optik, njaaweendi internet maa ɓeydo ko famɗi fof laabi 10 : ɗo wonnoo megaabituuji 10 fof, wontata ko 100. Batte mum to bannge teleeji kadi ko noon ɓeydortoo.
Tato heɓɓe ndiiɗoo njeenaari ɓe maa peccu 973 000 euros (hedde 400 miliyoŋ ugiyya), Kao jeyi feccere, ɗiɗo heddiiɓe ɓe pecca feccere woɗnde nde.
- Njeenaari kaaɓniindi wonande Obama
Obama ina yilloo piraamidaaji Ejipt, e lewru suwee ɓennundu ndu, tawi omo yillii leydi ndi. Ko ndeen o ɗaɓɓi nde yimɓe ndarantoo ittude ngal « deentondiral e taƴ-enɗamaagal » hakkunde leyɗe juulɓe e leyɗe hirnaange.
Heɓi njeenaari Nobel wonande jam ko Barak Obama. Nde kabaaru oo saaktaa, heewɓe kaawaama, hay Obama e hoore mum. Ɗum yaawrii heewɓe. Wonande woɗɓe alaa tawo ko Obama gollii ko maantini ko ina addana ɗum heɓde njeenaari. Daliilu mo o rokkiraa ndi o ko nii lelniraa « sabu golle makko maantinɗe, ceedtinɗe ngam tiiɗtingol jokkondiral e gollondiral hakkunde ɓesnguuji winndere nde ». Obama ina daranii hannde goppugol kaɓirɗe nikleyeer, omo daranii kadi ummitinde kaaldigal hakkunde Israayiil e Palestiin. E nder hitaande wootere nde o ardii leydi Amerik ndi, o waawii waylude politik leydi makko rewnoo to bannge jokkondiral mum e winndere nde, sibu makko ardinde kaaldigal. Gardiiɗo goomu Nobel o wiyi wonde «Obama, e wonde ɗum hooreejo leydi, naatnii henndu hesuru e nder politik adunanke ».
Obama ne fiytaaki heen becce sibu o wiyi wonde « o jaɓraani njeenaari ndi sabu golle makko », o faamri ɗum ko no « hirjino e golle », tee, omo « jaɓi renndude ndi e denndaangal daraniiɓe jam e kisal, daraniiɓe goppugol kaɓirɗe nikleyeer, daraniiɓe haɓaade ɓeydagol nguleeki weeyo, daraniiɓe wellitaare ».
« Ina famɗi ɗo neɗɗo, dariiɗo e darnde Obama nde, fooɗtiri nii hakkillaaji winndere nde, hokki ɓesngu ɗamaawu nguurndam ɓurɗam moƴƴude ». «Aduna o fof teskiima, sifaa no o persidaa metis, gardiiɗo hannde leydi Amerik, heptiniri tooñanngeeji leydi mum, no o weeɗiri haɓdiiɓe leydi makko hanki junngo nii (tuggude Iraan haa Wenusuelaa, ƴaaŋan maa Riisi e Koree rewo, Siiri e Kubaa) ». Kono won winndiyankooɓe mbiyi «ɗum waɗiraa kadi ko seyfitde garadagol mo o lomtii o, hono Buush ». Heewɓe hannde, njaggiri Obama ko no Manndelaa sagata, mo aduna oo kala fawi yaakaare e mum.
Ñalnde 10 desammbar to Oslo, ma o heɓ njeenaari makko, so karaŋ kaŋŋe wondude e miliyoŋ ooroo.
Obama tawtii ɓee yimɓe mawɓe seertuɓe iwdi, ko wayi no Martin Luteer King, ko wayi no Al Goor e woɗɓe e woɗɓe, ameriknaaɓe, heɓnooɓe ndii njeenaari : gila e hooreejo Amerik biyeteeɗo Teodoor Roswelt, haa yettii Jimmi Karteer. Hay so tawii noon, ina famɗi persidaa keɓɗo ndii njeenaari tawi ina woni e laamu ; ɗum yiyaa tan tawo ko e Maaykel Gorbaceef (Riisi) e Obama.
- Go’o ko debbo ina heɓa njeenaari Nobel
O wiyetee ko Elinor Ostrom. Ko o Ameriknaajo. O heɓi ko Njeenaari Nobel ko fayti e faggudu wonande hitaande 2009. O heɓdi ɗum ko e Ameriknaajo goɗɗo biyeteeɗo Oliver Williamson, sabu wiɗto maɓɓe faytungo e « Ɗowngo faggudu ». Ngol woni gadanol ko debbo ina heɓa njeenaari Nobel.
Hokkaa njeenaari Nobel wonande ganndal simii (Chimie) ko Ameriknaaɓe ɗiɗo e debbo gooto Israayiilnaajo. Wiɗto maɓɓe ɓe njeeniraa ngo ina addana annduɓe ko fayti e safaara waawde feewnude leɗɗe antibiotik kese. Ɗum ɗoon noon maa ƴellit safaara no feewi.
BAB


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Ɗum waɗi ko to Dental Dowlaaji Amerik. Debbo gooto ina wiyee Sarah, jibini funeeɓe rewɓe ina njaggondiri juuɗe. Tawanooɓe ɗum ɓee fof ndonku jaggude gonɗi mum en. Kamɓe e yumma maɓɓe fof aɓe celli, aɓe e jam. Yanti heen, ɓe ngonaa giƴiraaɓe tan, ko ɓe funeeɓe goonga e goonga.
Ɗum waɗi ko to Dental Dowlaaji Amerik. Debbo gooto ina wiyee Sarah, jibini funeeɓe rewɓe ina njaggondiri juuɗe. Tawanooɓe ɗum ɓee fof ndonku jaggude gonɗi mum en. Kamɓe e yumma maɓɓe fof aɓe celli, aɓe e jam. Yanti heen, ɓe ngonaa giƴiraaɓe tan, ko ɓe funeeɓe goonga e goonga.
Hol ko ɗum firti ? Mate ina woodi funeeɓe “fuunti funeere”? Jaabawol ngol nana e Pulaar, sibu eɗen njogii konngol “fuunti funeere”.
Hol ko firti tawo funeeɓe “goonga e goonga”?
Funeeɓe “goonga e goonga” ko funeeɓe ummiiɓe e “toɓɓere” wootere. Oɗon nganndi, aadee fuɗɗortoo ko wonde toɓɓere ummiinde e jillondiral (dentondiral) kañtulol gootol (gorko) e ɓoccoonde wootere (debbo). Ko ndeen toɓɓere sowotoo wonta heɗɗere haa wonta neɗɗo. Ina waɗa heen sahaaji, e kaawisaaji Alla, so toɓɓere ndee sowiima gootol tan, feccoo wonta toɓɓe ɗiɗi ceertude, walla tati … heen toɓɓere kala wonta neɗɗo : ɗuum woni funeeɓe goonga e goonga njibinee heen (funeeɓe ɗiɗo walla tato…). Ɓeen funeeɓe noon, maa wonii kam en fof ko rewɓe, maa wonii kam en fof ko worɓe, (toɓɓere adannde ndee toɓɓanoo ko debbo tan walla gorko). Ɓeen funeeɓe njiidi “kaɓirɗe ndonaandi” (matériel génétique) sibu ko kamɓe njiidi toɓɓere. To bannge tagoodi, seerndude ɓe weeɓaani. Ko nehdi e humpitooji e ngonkaaji nguurndam tan kadi ceerndata geɗe maɓɓe seeɗa.
Funeeɓe “Fuunti funeere” walla “funeeɓe fuunti” ko rennduɓe reedu wooturu, kono tawa gooto e maɓɓe fof ko toɓɓere mum heeriinde (pottital kañtulol gorko e boccoonde debbo). Won ko ɓe ndenndi haa heewi, sibu ko ɓe yumma gooto e baaba gooto (ko woowaa), kono “kaɓirɗe ndonaandi” maɓɓe won ɗo ceerti. Ɓeeɗoo nii, eɗen mbaawi wiyde tan ko ɓe giƴiraaɓe. (Ɓe mbayi ko no njiyduɓe yumma e baaba kala mbayi nii tan, kono kamɓe ko ɓe saawdaaɓe laawol gootol, njibidinaa). A ɓe mbaawi wonde kamɓe fof (kamɓe ɓeeɗoo uneeɓe) rewɓe, walla kamɓe fof worɓe, walla debbo e gorko.
Funeeɓe goonga e goonga, hol jiiduɓe hol ɗuum ?
En mbiyiino wonde funeeɓe goonga goonga ɓee, njiidi toɓɓere : kañtulol gootol e ɓoccoonde wootere. Nanndugol maɓɓe fawii ko e sahaa mo toɓɓere ndee sowii ndee, haa wonti ɗiɗi.
Tataɓal e ko ɗum kewata, toɓɓere ndee sowotoo ko e balɗe ɗiɗi dewɗe e toɓɓingol ngol. Ɗoo, heen funeere fof jogotoo ko saawdu mum ndiyam e wuddu mum bannge. Tataɓe ɗiɗi e ko ɗum kewata (70%) toɓɓere ndee sowotoo ko hakkunde balɗe 3 haa 7 caggal toɓɓingol ngol. Ɗoo, funeeɓe ɓee ndenndi wuddu kono gooto heen kala ina jogii saawdu mum ndiyam bannge. Gootol e nder teemedere (1%), toɓɓere leela feccaade (caggal balɗe 8), oon sahaa kamɓe ndenndata fof (wuddu e saawdu ndiyam fof)…
Wonande funeeɓe fuunti ɓee noon, ɓe njiida hay toɓɓe, alaa ko ɓe ndenndi so wonaa reedu.
Bookara Aamadu Bah
Ƴoogirde : maxisciences.com, sante.lefigaro.fr


text:
Lowre internet wiyeteende Mauriweb ina waɗi winndannde yowitiinde e faggudu leydi Muritani, winndannde tiitoriinde « Les 10 éléphants blancs de la présidence de Aziz », woni, so en pirdii ɗum noon « Ñiibi daneeji 10 hooreleydaagu Asiis ». So a nanii « éléphant blanc » e Farayse, woni « ñiibi daneeji », anndu ɗum firti ko huunde yaakoranoonde ko huunde mawnde heewoore nafoore, kono wontanoore yimɓe donngal ngal alaa nafoore so wonaa heewde lorla e bonannde. Winndannde ndee idii ko firde konngol “ñiibi daneeji” ngol. Konngol ngol ummii ko e pinal Iñnjee en.
Lowre internet wiyeteende Mauriweb ina waɗi winndannde yowitiinde e faggudu leydi Muritani, winndannde tiitoriinde « Les 10 éléphants blancs de la présidence de Aziz », woni, so en pirdii ɗum noon « Ñiibi daneeji 10 hooreleydaagu Asiis ». So a nanii « éléphant blanc » e Farayse, woni « ñiibi daneeji », anndu ɗum firti ko huunde yaakoranoonde ko huunde mawnde heewoore nafoore, kono wontanoore yimɓe donngal ngal alaa nafoore so wonaa heewde lorla e bonannde. Winndannde ndee idii ko firde konngol “ñiibi daneeji” ngol. Konngol ngol ummii ko e pinal Iñnjee en.
Ndeen Budaa toɓɓaama, ina woni e reedu yummum jibinaaka tawo, ina wiyee yumma oo hoyɗi ñiiwa ndaneewa. Gila ndeen, ñiibi ngalaa toon memaandi, ko jawdi kormaandi haa ɗoon waawi haaɗde, haa teeŋti noon ina haɗaa gollinde ɗe. Wonti hankadi, so ɓiy laamɗo yiɗii moƴƴude e teddinde ɓiy laamɗo goɗɗo teddungal moolanaangal, ko ñiiwa ndaneewa rokkata ɗum. Ɗum ɗoon noon wontani won e maɓɓe caɗeele teeŋtuɗe nde tawnoo wonaano huunde newiinde. Haa teeŋti noon kadi, so a heɓii njeenaari maa ñiiwa ndaneewa, a dañii haaju mawɗo e doŋngal teddungal sibu, go’o, ina waɗɗi maa toppitaade ba no moƴƴi, ɗiɗi, a fotaani gollinde ba. Ɗum noon konngol ngol toɗɗii ko golle ñaamooje jawdi, ɗe ngalaa nafoore (golle faaro haangaango) tee ɗe toppitagol mum en ko caɗeele. Jooni kayre winndannde mauriweb ndee, nde yiɗi hollitde yimɓe ko “ñiibi daneeji 10” laamu Abdel Asiis.
E tonngoode 149 en kaaliino “ñiibi daneeji” nay gadani ɗii. Jooni njokken e huunde e majji…
Joy ñiiwa ndaneewa : STP
STP kadi ɗeɓi waade ko no Mauritania Airlines International (MAI) nii, woni yeru ɓennuɗo mo cakkitino-ɗen haalde e tonngoode 149. Ɗoo ne, oo sosiyetee biyeteeɗo STP (société de transport public woni Sosiyatee Dowla kalfinaaɗo Jolngo), sosraa ko keñe tawi hay miijo wooto ardinaaka. Ɗum tagi hannde, ko laamu e huunde e gollooɓe heeriiɓe njogii mo e juuɗe, so wonaano ɗuum, tawatnoo ko haala makko nattii haaleede ko ɓooyi.
Winndannde ndee idii ko siftinde wonde e hitaande 2005, nokku jolngo e daabaaji (transport) yuɓɓitinanooma, ko wiyetenoo BNT (Bureau national des transports hono Biro Ngenndiijo Jolngo) fusaa, sibu mum wonnoode, duuɓi 20 deggondirɗi e juuɗe neɗɗo gooto (Oɗon ciftora biyeteeɗo Sejad wul Abeydnaa ), laamu sooɗii heen juuɗe mum, sosiyateeji keeriiɗi ƴettiti golle ɗee. Ko ɗuum addannoo coodguuli ustaade, hay so tawii tabitingol mbayliigaaji ɗii yahraani no fotnoo yahrude. Sibu, e nder 38 jamirooje dokkanooɗe sosiyateeji keeriiɗi ɗee, e 95 yamiroore wonande jolngo biisuuji, yoga heen kuuɓnaani sarɗiiji walla ndartinii golle mum en. Laamu Abdel Asiis nde ari, fotnoo ko moƴƴitinde ngonka jolngo, huufa sosiyateeji keeriiɗi ɗii, kono ko kanngu e hoore mayru buñcinii heen, ngu ƴetti kaalis leydi ngam yollude ɗum e jolngo yimɓe. Oon sahaa hakkunde maggu e Iraan e Weniselaa ine weli.
Ko e saawiyee 2010, persidaa Muhammed wul Abdel Asiis saaktunoo feere lelni ngam toppitaade jolngo e nder gure teeru. Ndeen feere ko heñoranoonde wonnoo, sibu nde fotnoo fuɗɗaade ko e lebbi 3 dewɗi heen ɗii, nde fuɗɗoroo gollingol 500 taksi e 250 bis potnooɗi keɓreede ñamaande nde « aldaa e dokkal » (ɗe newnaaka) ummoraaɗe e « sehilaaɓe » men iraannaaɓe. Sosiyatee jolngo sosaa ɗoon e ɗoon tawi hay wiɗto wooto waɗaaka… Waɗde wonti ŋaaɓoode gaw kaalis. Ñamaande ndee ƴettanoo ko e banke Iraan gooto ngam soodde ko ina ɓura 200 bis e jamɗe lomtinirɗe (pièces de rechanges). Fotnoo soodeede ko e sosiyatee biyeteeɗo Khorfo. Ko laamu Iraan gaddinoo ñamaande ndee (wonnoo ‘’garanti’’). Kono en nganndaa ko waɗi, e nder ɗiin 200 biis e kaɓirɗe lomtinirɗe, ko heen 65 fat Nuwaasoot heɓi. « Ko heddii koo fotnoo totteede ko caggal nde geɗe ñamaande ndee laaɓɓinaa hakkunde banke BCI e ñamlooɓe ɓee, haa arti noon e binndugol dokimaa gaddagol ñamaande ndee (ko anndiraa ‘’credoc’’). Oon dokimaa noon waɗaaka haa hannde. Ɗum noon, ɗum ɗeɓi wayde ko no ‘‘holdup’’ nii (gollal taƴoowo). Wonande persidaa biyoowo ina waawna gollodiiɓe mum, hay so ko haa nanee boy laawii nay tan, peewal e laaɓal golle, holdup ko huunde hersiniinde ! Kono alaa no Nuwaasoot waɗata so wonaa haaɗde e 65 bis ɗii, ɗi sosiyatee keso cosaaɗo oo, hono STP, jogori fuɗɗoraade golle.
Caggal ɗuum, e njillu mawɗo hilifaaɓe waɗnoo to Iraan ina yahdi e gardo kuuɓtodinɗo STP, lappol ngol waawii yillaade sosiyatee irannaajo jeeyɗo Muritani biisuuji ɗii. Ɗum ɗoon noon, nde tawnoo ina anndaa ko ɗuum ɓuri nawde toon mawɗo hilifaaɓe oo, wiyaama ɗum mettii Banke Adunanke nde tawnoo laabi mum ina kaɗi leydi ngonndi e dartingol faggudu (ajustement structurel) ƴettude ñamaale bayɗe nii. Ñamaande ndee ko duuɓi 5 tee njoɓdi mayre newnaaka. Yanti heen biisuuji ɗii ina ñaama isaas no feewi, haa ko dañetee e jolngo hee koo, waawaa hay sukkude fere golle ɗee, laamu Muritani fof e waawnude sosiyateeji buur ƴettude e STP juuɗe e waɗande ɗum kubbal e dow kala liiteer kuɓɓam kuutoraaɗo e leydi hee no diidorinoo, ɗum fof ngam difaade fereeji STP. Caggal ɗuum, gooto e ɓalliiɓe laamu nguu furgii STP biisuuji kiiɗɗi coodtaaɗi to Pari ; ko ɗeen lahlaaɗe ndalƴata ɗoo haa hannde, hade biisuuji « kumandaaɗi » Siin ɗii arde… »
Ñiiwa ndaneewa njeegoɓa : laamu sosii ‘’banke’’ CDD
Ko e wootere e joɗle ministeruuji e lewru feebariyee 2011 laamu felliti sosde gollorde buur wiyeteende « Caisse de dépôt et de développement » woni « Kees Jukne e Ƴellitaare » jogiiɗo paandaale ɗiɗi ɓurɗe teskinde : wonde nokku baawɗo renndeede e gaddaade ngaluuji e toppitaade ƴellitaare. Nii woni, CDD maa waaw wallondirde e bankeeji ngam ñamlude eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitaare keeriiɗe e nder Muritani e ceŋɗe faggudu ɗee kala, haa teeŋti noon e senngo mbaylaandi. Gooto e koreeji hooreejo leydi oo halfinaa ngardiigu mum. Gollorde ndee eɓɓanaa kaalis keewɗo sanne. E nder lebbi seeɗa, miliyaaruuji keewɗi njeɗaa tawi alaa fof ɗo tuugii. Ko e nder ɗuum, gooto e senerooji tottaa fotde 65 miliyoŋ mbele ina wonta demoowo haa waawa heɓtude ngardiigu Dental pelle (federaasiyoŋ) ndema. CDD dogani faabaade bankeeji kesi cosaaɗi tawi jeyi ɗum en ko yimɓe ɓalliiɓe laamu. Nii woni CDD ñamli ‘’Maurisbank’’ fotde miliyaar e teemedde ɗiɗi miliyoŋ ugiyya, ñamli ‘’Mouamallat sahiha’’ (banke wiyaa noon) 500 miliyoŋ, ñamli BPM 500 miliyoŋ, ñamli NBM 500 miliyoŋ. CDD yiɗiino nii faabaade Maurisbank kono yahtiri caggal, Maurisbank yani, uddaa. Nde SNIM yiɗi seertude e ‘’Damane Assurance’’ ngam ustude caɗeele kaalis, CDD soodti ɗum. Ɗo yahanoo artaa fof ko ɓuri 30 miliyaar ugiyya njahii ina ngoya, sibu oo yiiloo banngoo fof ina anndaa ɗo wattinta, so e gacce mawɗe…
Jeeɗiɗi ñiiwa ndaneewa : Ɗum tigi woni KUUMEE
Kanndaa keso ! Fotii ! kanndaa keso cukkirtenooɗo noppi yimɓe e ɗii duuɓi fof, hurmbitaama ñalnde 23 suwee 2016. Ko joɗnde hilifaaɓe jooɗinoonde ñalnde 13 oktoobar 2011 fellitnoo mahngo makko e nder duuɓi 2 ! Kono mahngo makko waɗii duuɓi 6 ! Mawɗo hilifaaɓe, hono Yahyaa wul Hedemiin, oon sahaa ina woni kalifu njogitaaje e daabaaje wiyiino wonde golle ɗee maa puɗɗo ɗoon e lebbi ɗiɗi tee ɗe njoofa e lebbi 24 (duuɓi 2) caggal ɗuum. Tee hay mbuuɗu, hay taŋka kaalis buur yahataa heen. Nii woni ñalnde 28 noowammbar 2011, hooreejo leydi Muritani hono Muhammed Abdel Asiis diidi golle ɗee …
Kono, ndii mahdi ɗo mbuuɗu muritaninaaɓe yoɓooɓe lemmpoo fotaano yahde, wattini ko wontande laamu doŋngal, ko jiidaa e boowal sosiyatee ‘’Najah for major works’’ (sosiyatee kalfinaaɗo mahngo ngoo) rokkaa ngal, SNIM e hoore mum lomtii bankeeji, totti Najah for major works (NFMW) 15 miliyaar ugiyya mbele ina waawa jokkude golle, ko jiidaa e ɓeyde nanondiral ɗiɗi (avenants) ɗe laamu nguu rokki NFMW ɗee. Ɓeydal gadanal ngal yowitii ko e golle peewnugol laabi e nawgol diƴƴe to nokku kannda keso oo, ɓeydal ɗiɗmal ngal yowitinoo ko e mahngo kanndaa konu kam e kaɓirɗe mum. Njaru ɗee ɓeyde ɗiɗi saaktaaka tee no ɗe termondiraa nii ina niɓɓiɗi. Ine anndaa tan, ngolɗoo laawol, ko ɗoret-ɗoret NFMW yoɓraa, wonaa no nanondiral yummawal ngal nii. Sosiyatee jokkiiɗo e NFMW ine wiyee MCE halfinaa mahngo gostorgal (échangeur) hakkunde laawol Nuwaadibu e laawol kanndaa ngol (mbele otooji ummiiɗi walla paaɗi Nuwaadibu ina mbaasa fottude e otooji ummiiɗi walla paaɗi kanndaa).
Ko jiidaa e ɗuum, golle keewɗe nanondiranooɗe ustaama : tooweendi jubugel ndeenka (tour de contrôle) potnoondi wonde 42 meeteer artiraa e 36 meeteer, jofnde otooji fotnoonde nawde 1 200 oto, artiraa e 600 oto fat, kadi kaɓirɗe keewɗe ɗe NFMW fotnoo soodde e foŋtude, hay gooto anndaa no ngartiri e hoore laamu mbiynoongu wonde haaldaa ko kanndaa gasɗo (wonani ɗum heen tan ko wiyeede ‘gasii, ndah coktirɗe’).
Kanndaa oo hurmbitaaka tawo, tawi moɗii kaalis keewɗo. Ko ina wona miliyoŋaaji 9 dinaar Kuwoyt (9,56 miliyaar ugiyya) potɗi yoɓeede e daawal duuɓi 25 ngam soodireede e foŋtireede kaɓirɗe jamminirɗe e ndeenka, kam e ɓetirɗe ngonka weeyo (meteyoo), ma a taw ɗe NFMW yejjitnoo ko e geeni Muritaninaaɓe jogori fawtaade. Ɓeydaa e ɗii miliyaaruuji 9, 12 miliyoŋ oroo (hedde miliyaaruuji 5 ugiyya) potɗi yoɓde biro farayseejo EGIS kalfinaaɗo yuɓɓinde e reende e horde golle kanndaa keso oo, kaldanooɗo lebbi 30, ɗum noon ɓeydanooɗo sibu golle ɗee ɓurtii mudda mo haaldanoo oo. Waɗtu heen kadi mooftirde kuɓɓam (dépôt carburant) halfinanooɗe Mauritania Airlines e mbaydi dokkal golle (gré à gré), kam ne ruttii halfini sosiyatee farayseejo biyeteeɗo Friedlander, golle jarɗe 6,8 miliyoŋ oroo (2,7 miliyaar ugiyya). En kiisaaki heen tawo fere nawgol diƴƴe e yiite (elektirisitee) kam e fere eggugol kanndaa kiiɗɗo oo. E wiyde haralleeɓe heewɓe, ko feraa e mahngo kanndaa keso oo ko hakkunde 70 miliyaar e 105 miliyaar tawi en kiisaaki heen njaru boowal kanndaa kiiɗɗo oo. Ɗumɗoon wappitii ɗo pucci ndogata ko sinuwaa en mbiynoo ina mbaawi mahrude mo koo (176 miliyoŋ dolaar, woni hedde 62 miliyaar ugiyya). Yeru goɗɗo kadi, kanndaa Menara mo Marakes (Maruk) kam e kanndaa konu jahdoowo heen mahraa ko 150 miliyoŋ dolaar (52 miliyaar ugiyya)… KUUMEL kanndaa Oum Tunsi wappitii ɗii fof to bannge njaru, tee toppitagol mum ko doŋngal teddungal haa ɗoon waawi haaɗde wonande muritaninaaɓe, hay so ƴeewraa tan ko to bannge kuɓɓam ɗum jogori artande kalfinteeɗo ɗum ɓee…
Gasaani, haa tonngoode faande njokken !
Bookara Aamadu Bah


text:
Cumu kaawniingu, ngu iwdi kumpundi, ena owni beelol Wuro Juude Jaabi e nder falnde Podoor, diiwaan See Liiw (Saint Louis) to bannge rewo leydi Senegaal, tuggude e ñalnde altine 3 colte 2014. Jaayya oo fuɗɗii ko ñalawma altine. Ñalnde heen ko galleeji joy (galleeji 5) cumi. Nde galle gadiiɗo oo huɓɓi, yimɓe cikkatnoo woni sabaabu mum ko ŋakkere teylaare to bannge wonooɓe e kaatane ndefu walla urooɓe cuuɗi mum en.
Kono nde galle ɗiɗaɓo haa joyaɓo kuɓɓidi e nder ñalawma hee gooto, hakkillaaji paami wonde won ko jolti ko wonaa hoddiro meho. Juudenaaɓe mbaaldii ñalnde heen ko e sokla e faayre ɓurtunde haa Alla weeti. Weeti, duwawuuji e sadakeeji ngoni e fewjeede. mbele Alla ena riiwtana ɓe ooɗoo musiiba kadi haa galleeji sappo e goo (galleeji 11) goɗɗi ƴetti jeynge, heddii wuro feccii hakkunde haɓde e yaltinde kaake e ñippude ɗemɗe jeynge. Ñalawma tataɓo oo ne kadi galleeji jeegom(6) cumi e baawɗe Alla.
Nde balɗe tati ɗee timmi, cumu nguu dartii fotde balɗe 3 walla 4 kadi, ngu ɓamti. Ngu ɓamtiri ko galleeji 3. Nde kabaaru oo yanoyi e ardorde laamu Senegaal, Mawɗo leydi ndii nuli jaagorgal mum geɗe nderndere, waɗdi ɗum e otooji haa keewi kaake e nguura, ballal juudenaaɓe jaayyaaɓe ɓee. E ballal laamu waɗi ngal, ena heen capanɗe nay matalaa (40). Heen noogaas mbaɗi ko lelɗe ɗiɗi. Noogaas keddiiɗo oo ko ɗi lelnde wootere. Matalaaji ɗii ena ngondi e maaro, nebam, njuumam e kafe, ekn. Nde otooji ɗii naati wuro, payi ko to galle Joom-wuro. Ko toon balle ɗee fof njebbitoyaa. Ko matalaaji ɗii ngadii jippineede e mooftoyeede ɗoon e nder mangasin. E kaawisi Alla, matalaaji ɗii naatneede e huɓɓude ɗi fof woni gootum. Kannji fof ɗi kuɓɓi haa ɗi ngonti ndoondi, addunooɓe ɗi ena ndarii, njaltaani tawo galle saka njaha. Ko e jeese mum en ɗum waɗi. E ko ɓuri haawnaade heen kadi, gertogal ena woofinoo to nder mangasin too, jeynge laggii ko wonnoo to nder koo fof haa laaɓi haa heddii ɗo ngal hippinoo ɗoo e ɗo ɓoccooɗe ɗee ngonnoo ɗoo.
Cumu nguu ena jokki haa jooni. Haa e ooɗoo ñalawma hannde mo ngon-ɗen, ñalluɗo 18 lewru siilo, galle gooto kadi sumii. Ko galle biyeteeɗo Demmba Maymuuna. Kala nde galle sumi e wuro ngoo, oon galle sumat. E teskaade tan won galleeji cumii laabi keewɗi ko jaayyaa oo fuɗɗii koo.
Hannde oo, gure rewo e worgo ɗee fof ndillii, nana mbaɗa balle gila e kaalis nguura, comci haa e mbeertateeri, kono Juudenaaɓe ena ngondi e faayre mawnde tawo nde tawnoo, jaayyaa oo fof e mawnude e saraade, asli makko ena niɓɓiɗiri ɓe tawo no feewi. Ko ɗum waɗi, hankadi, alaa jiɗɗo wonde nder huɓeere walla lelaade e matalaa, Alla e owre.
Gelongal Fuuta lollirɗo, Njaay Saydu Aamadu


text:
«Alaa ɓurɗo mi ganndal, sabu mo tuugnii mi e mum oo ko ganndo, biɗtuɗo, huɓindii fannuuji jaŋde kala, haa o laatii mo aduna fof yeeɓata». Banndiraaɗo, so tawii a tiggii comci maa a waɗii e saawdu, a saddii njannja maa ba wonaa mbiyatenooba « bili njannja ba yiɗaa lew-lewal henndu dawa !», a haɓɓii paɗe maa taƴee hulee, a wakkiima bata lacciri e hudusuru ndiyam, a wayniima ngam yiiloyaade majjuɗo, so a hawrii e jooɓiiɗo ngol konngol ngol puɗɗori-ɗen haala men, aɗa waawi ruttaade pooftinaa hoyre maa, sabu a dañataa ko ɓuri mo wonde pattamlamo. Nde tawnoo, ko kanko tan laatii majjuɗo haa ɗo majjere haaɗi sabu mum wonde majjuɗo ruttii kadi majji ko majjuɗo.
So tawii mawɗo men Ibiraahiima Saar, e daande Baaba Maal wiyii « mawnikinaare e yondikinaare ene mboni e leñol », wonaa tan yonndikinaare jawdi, soko wiyde ganndal am yonii, tawa joom mum fuɗɗaaki tawo nii. Ɓeen noon hannde ene keewi e men. Ene gasa nii tawa ko e ɓeen limtidtee-mi. Tawa hay so emin ceerti seeɗa ne, ko waasde mi jaɓde ko kaalaanaa-mi tawi yahdaani e daliilu deeƴoowo e hakkille tan. Nde tawnoo anndude e waawde anndinde ko anndi wonaa gootum. Ellee wayɓe heen no am fof, nganndintaa ganndal, nganndita ko koye mum en. Kadi won e men, so ene kaalanee, keewi ko heɗoraade ɓerɗe, mbaasa heɗoraade hakkillaaji. En njiɗaa juutnaade ɗoon no feewi kono ndokken yeru tan mbele ɓeydo-ɗen faamde.
Yeru gadano oo ko Sammba welaani mi, waɗde kala ko o haali, hay sinno ko goonga mi jaɓataa, mi goongɗintaa. Walla mboɗo welaa Demmba miñiiko, oon ko haali fof, hay so addaani daliilu, ko goonga. Nde tawnoo mi ñaawiraani ko ɓe kaali koo hakkille, tuugnii-mi tan ko e no ɓe mbayi e am, e no mbay-mi e maɓɓe nii. Ko ɓernde am ndew-mi, wonaa hakkille am.
E miijo men, wonaa waasde en yiɗde leñol ngol haɗi en yahde. Wonaa nii hay bojji keew-ɗen woyde ɗii, ɗiin bojji ngoni “leñol ngol ronkaama yo hawru e miijo wooto, leñol fulɓe ronkaama yo rentu”. Haɗi en yahde tan ko en njaɓaani tawtondirde, no Aamadu Sammba Demmbele wiyata nii “mo woni kala e feere mum”. Ɓeyden heen, mo woni kala wiyde ko ko anndi koo tan woni goonga, goɗɗum woodaani.
En njejjitii, walla ngondu-ɗen ko en nganndaa, kala ganndo won gonɗo dow mum. Sabu wiɗtiyankooɓe ɓee ko maa naamnoo. Ɓe ɓe naamnotoo ɓee ko naamninooɓe. E sahaa nde ɓe naamnotoo ɓe ɓe naamnotoo ɓee, won woɗɓe kadi nana naamnoo hono ɗuum, woɗɓe naamninooɓe woɗɓe. Ko ɗuum waɗi miijooji ene ceerta, haa teeŋti kadi, e naamneteeɓe ɓee mbinndaano ko naamnaa kaali koo, ndeeni ɗum tan ko e hakkillaaji. Waɗde waasataa ko heddii ko araani walla nii ko yejjitaa haaleede, walla ko haaliraa no woniraani sabu naamnaaɗo oo waasde wonde e ngonka ka waawi tamde hakkille mum. Tawde noon gannde mawɓe men ko nani nannaa, yoo nannaaɓe ɓee nannir no nanirnoo tan, mbaasa wiyde alaa goɗɗo nani goɗɗum bannge goɗɗo ko wonaa ko nani koo. E nder jimol Huley Labbo biyateengo Saawaali, omo wiya “mbiy-mi ko ceerno ɓuri-mi kala, wiyata tan ko mbiyee baa, hay ɗuum ne ko binndi ngoorondiri”. O janngaani, kono ngol konngol ene waawi waɗireede kawgel janngooɓe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde.
Tonngiren wasiyaade banndiraaɓe fof, yoo njanngu, yo mbiɗtu, yo kuuñɗan ganndal, mbaasa wiyde ɗumɗoo yonii kam. Sabu won ɗo Joomiraaɗo wiyi e Ɓuraana “ɗaɓɓoyee ganndal, hay so ko Siin”. Kadi yo neɗɗo salo wiyde “oo ganndo ɓuri annduɓe fof, ganndal am ɓuri gannde fof, tee mo tuugnii-mi e ganndal mum oo daɗi fotnooɓe tuugneede e fannuuji fof”.
Nde Lislaam ari woodi saliiɓe, Joomiraaɗo wiyii ɓe e Haala Mum Tedduka Kaa “tawde on njaɓaani rewde ko ndew-mi, mi rewataa ko ndewaton koo, …..onon e diine mon, Miin e Diine Am”.
Waɗde tawde en mbaawaa yeewtidde e ko yowitii e ganndal haa tawtondiren, gooto e men fof yo rew ko faami koo, waasa bonnude hakkunde men.
Yoo Alla rokku en hawrude e ko nafata, tawa jiiɓondiraani ene e ko nafataa, naftataa.
Malal Sammba Gise


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Diuppudo yontere: Abdulay Bah
Saakitaama ñannde : Hesɗintinaama ñannde :
Abdulay Bah inirteedo Vi la zuwa jeyaa ko Tangis kanko woni horeejo fedde Smc daraniide leniolYontere nde do min payi ko Tangis. Sa nanii ko wuro aynoobe wongo doo et Senegaal, et nder sarkel Sindia, to Mbour. Ko toon biyeteedo Abdulay Bah jeya. O suka gorko ene yaaree e duubi noogaas e jeenay. Kanko noon o darnii gila hitande udiunnaaji didi et sappo et dieegom fedde wiyeteende Smc servir ma communauté, firti ko naffde leniol lam. O suka ko daraniido leniol, daraniido koreeji mum, dariniido gure dow. O arii e Rfi fulfulde e yewtere ko mbiidon ngam yewtidde e men e holko nde fedde ummani. Kanko woni juppudo deedo yontere


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Caggal nde Fedde Leyɗe Afrik Hirnaange (CEDEAO) ngijorii mo huutoraade doole so tawii o jaɓaani woppude laamu e jokkere enɗam, Looran Bagboo woni ko wullude ina takka Farayse e Amerik yiylaade fewjande ɗum. E wiyde makko leyɗe ɗiɗi ɗe ina mbaɗa doole mum en no potnoo mbaawnoraaji e dow hooreeɓe leyɗe Afrik, haa arti noon e ɓe CEDEAO ɓe, e ɓe Dental Afrik ɓe, ngam joɗɗinde Alasan Watara e dow jappeere laamu to Koddiwaar.
Caggal bappi e jamfaaji e fiiltomooltooji, koddiwaar yuɓɓinii woote gardagol leydi ñalnde 31 oktoobar 2010. Huunde bettunde yimɓe fof, woote ɗe mbaɗii e deeƴre, hay mbuubu ɗojjaani. Hewɓe njaakorinoo ko caggal ɗuum, maa daawal ɗiɗmal ngal ɓennu tawi alaa caɗeele. Haa teeŋti noon kadi, so weetii aɓe ndawra woote, Bagboo e Watara, yahdunooɓe daawal ɗiɗmal ɓe, ndikkondirii to tele, yeewtere maɓɓe waɗii faayiida, sibu ko e kormondiral, tee ɓe mbattini ko gooto e maɓɓe eerii yimɓe mum, nde kuccanta woote e nder deeƴre.
Hannde, eɗen mbaawi wiyde wonde woote potnooɗe yaltinde Koddiwaar e iiñcuru duumiindu ko ina wona duuɓi sappo, ɓeydi ko jiiɓru: heen bannge Alasan Watara, mo Goomu Kalfinaangu Woote hokki poolgu, oya bannge ko Looran Bagboo, mo Diiso Doosɗe rokki poolgu caggal nde niilni woote departamaaji jeenay, departemaaji keedɗi rewo, gonnooɗi e Njiimaandi « Doole Kese », woni doole rebel en, ɓe ardii ɗum en Giyoom Soroo.
Aduna oo fof noon, gila e Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e juɓɓule mum, ƴaaŋan maa leyɗe mawɗe, ko wayi no Farayse, Amerik haa yettii Dental Afrik e CEDEAO, yimɓe keptini ko Alasan Watara. Hay nder leydi ndi, doolal cemmbolinngal, biyeteengal Forces Nouvelles en ngondi ko e Alasan Watara, nomɗo Giyoom Sooro gardiiɗo hilifaaɓe laamu mum. Hannde, Bagboo ina teeli no feewi, sibu o nattii hay waawde yaltinde kaalis e banke BCEAO, ko Alasan tan rokkaa kaan mbaawka. Hannde, alaa ko dooki Bagboo so wonaa koyeera, nde tawnoo CEDEAO jeertinii mo, so o woppaani laamu, ko ko huutortoo doole ngam ittude mo ɗoon.
Koddowaar ko leydi ngoondi e hirnaange Afrik. Wertallo mayri ko 322 462 km2. Heedi ndi bannge rewo ko Mali e Burkinaa Faso, bannge hirnaange ko Liberiyaa e Gine, bannge fuɗnaange ko Ganaa, bannge worgo ko geec Atlantik. Limoore yimɓe mayri ina millee e miliyoŋaajo 20 e feccere neɗɗo. Laamorgo mayri wiyetee ko Yamusokoro, kono ko ɓuri fayodinde e golle faggudu ko Abijaa. Ɗemngal gollorteengal toon ko Farayse, kaalis mayri ko seefaa (CFA).
Ndi fuɗɗii naatde njiimaandi Farayse ko e hitaande 1843, ndi heɓi jeytaare mayri ñalnde 7 ut 1960. Idii ardaade ndi ko Felikse Hufet Buwaañi.
Faggudu mayri ɓuri yowitaade ko e kafe e kakawoo. Koddiwaar ko leydi mbelndi wonnoo e nguurndam Hufet. Kono caggal nde oon saŋkii ehitaande 1993, jiiɓru bonndu joli e leydi he.
Gootgol Doosɗe leydi kese e toɗɗagol Loran Bagboo e gardagol leydi ndi, ngaddanaani jam dañeede. Jiiɓru politik e wolde njoli e leydi he ñalnde 19 settaambar 2002. Caggal nanondire deeƴre keewɗe leydi ndi naatani daawal kesal ñalnde 4 marse 2007 tuugingal e nanondiral Wagadugu.
E oktoobar 1995, Hanri Konan Bejjee hawi e woote gardagol leydi ndi, woote ɗe luulngo ngo geddunoo. Kono caɗeele leydi ko e makko puɗɗii, sibu ko kanko addi ko wiyetee « Iwaaritee » ko (Koddiwaaraagal) woni jogaade iwdi Koddiwaar. Huunde joopiinde arɓe. Ko ngoon miijo huutoraa ngam haɗde Alasan Watara wonde kanndidaa e woote gardagol leydi, sibu won wiyɓe ko o garɗo, wonaa ɗoon o jeyaa e lasli. Porlugol jawdi laamu, urɓugol luure hakkunde leƴƴi e dummbugol luulndiiɓe njuuti e jiiɓru ngaddanndu koninkooɓe follude laamu Bejjee e desammbar 1999. Ɓeen ngardininnoo ko biyeteeɗo Rebeer Geyi. Bejjee dogi, mooloyii Farayse. Kono nguuɗoo laamu koninkooɓe waawaani addude deeƴre e leydi he. Ngu waylii Doosɗe leydi ndi, ngu yuɓɓini woote gardagol leydi e lewru oktoobar 2000, kono Ñaawirde Toownde leydi ndi salii Alasan Watara e Bejjee kala njeyee e kanndidaaji he. Ko Robeer Geyi fooli e ɗeen woote. Kono ko seppooji e mbeddaaji ndiiwi mo e laamu. Caggal ɗuum terɗe FPI e RDR pelɓondiri pelɓondire muusɗe haa waɗi maayɓe heewɓe. Ñaawirde Toownde nde ñaawi wonde ko Bagboo fooli e woote ɗe. Bagboo yuɓɓini pottital beldital ngenndi, toɗɗii guwarnama ngootaagu ngenndi. Ñalnde 19 settaambar soldateeɓe murtuɓe (rebel en) etii nanngude Abijaa e Buwaake e Korogo. Ɓe korii heɓde Abijaa kono ɓe nanngi gure ɗiɗi ɗeya e goɗɗe hakkunde leydi ndi e rewo mum.
Robeer Geyi waraa warngo muusngo, Murto ngo idii innireede ko MPCI e MJP e MPIGO caggal ɗuum ngo renti e innde Forces Nouvelles (Doole Kese). Ngo heɓii heɓtude ko ina ɓura feccere Koddiwaar (fotde 60%), leydi ndi feccii e pecce ɗiɗi : worgo heddiingo e njiimaandi konu ngaadoraangu leydi ndi, e rewo leydi ndi wonngo e njiimaandi konu Doole Kese.
Ñalnde 17 oktoobar 2003 maslahaa dañaa to Lome, wiyaa ko idii fof yo ɓe ndartin hare. 10000 soldaat Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (kaskeeji bulo) tawi heen 4600 ko soldeteeɓe Farayse anndiraaɓe Licorne ɓilii hakkunde konuuji ɗiɗi kaɓooji ɗi. Tuggi 15 haa 23 saawiyee 2003 batu maslahaa jooɗii to wuro ina wiyee Markusi (Marcoussis) to Farayse. Nanondiral dañaa heen ganndiraangal nanondiral Markusi : cosgol guwarnama beldital ngenndi e lelnugol tuugnorgal woote laaɓtuɗe, ndenndingol konuuji ɗi e keɓtugol njogitaaje, ñawndugol geɗe toɗɗiiɗe doosɗe kanndidaagal e woote gardagol leydi kam e ngonka tumarankooɓe. Goomu rewindo toɗɗaa tawi ardii ɗum Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Ciynugol ngalɗoo nanondiral saɗtii no feewi, sibu ngo halfinaama guwarnamaaji tati : guwarnama Seydu Jaara, guwarnama Charles Konan Banny e guwarnama Guillaume Soro toɗɗaaɗo mawɗo hilifaaɓe caggal nanondiral Wagadudu e dow maslahaa Belees Kompaawore. E nder oon guwarnama Doole Kese keɓi hilifaaɓe 8, lannda Bagbo hono FPI heɓi hiifaaɓe 8, hiifaaɓe 17 heddiiɓe peccaa pelle politik keddiiɗe ɗe.
Gaa gaa golle gaadoraaɗe, guwarnama o ina halfinaa yuɓɓinde kaaldigal ngam yaltinde leydi ndi e caɗeele, haa arti noon e keɓtugol njogitaaje e cosgol konu ngootiɗngu, kam e cosgol nokku Ngenndiiwo teskagol jeyaaɓe e leydi he kam e wootooɓe, kam e cosgol Goomu Woote Jaambureewu (juɓɓingol woote).
BAB


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Yimɓe fof ine kawri heen. E hol ɗuum ? Bonannde jawdi buur ko huunde huuɓtodinnde, woowaande e Muritani, ko famɗi fof e duuɓi noogaas cakkitiiɗi ɗii.
Maawiya wul Siidi Ahmed Taaya, e duuɓi noogaas pawɗi ɗi ardii Muritani ɗii, kañum ko muɓɓunooɗo gite mum, ine woppi halfinaaɓe kaalis leydi ine mbaɗa ko mbelaa, hilifaaɓe e halfinaaɓe golle laamu ina mbaɗa ko mbelaa, gooto fof ina waaroroo bannge mum. Kala mo o nomi e poosto, so ñaamaani, ko kañum haɗi hoore mum. Ine wiyee won meeɗnooɓe arde e makko, ina ngoytanoo neɗɗo gooto meeɗnooɗo wonde jaggal mawngal e laamu ko ina ɓura duuɓi 30, ine yaha altaret alaa ɗo hoɗi. O jaabii ɗum en : “nganndu-mi mi waɗii mo kalifu nokku maaniijo e nokku maaniijo… so o dañaani ko kanko haɗi hoore makko”. Muritaninaaɓe nii ine njogii konngol lollungol biyowol “kala mo dañaano e yonta laamu Maawiya, wontaa dañ !” Yiɗde wiyde tan, e yonta makko, kaalis ina heewnoo, ina yupporoo banngeeji fof, ine filtatnoo, ina yana e yimɓe fof, hay e miskineeɓe !
Eɗen nganndi noon gila 2008, ardiiɓe laamu nguu ina mbasoroo wonde hay gooto waawaa hankadi wujjude kaalis laamu. Konngol ko gootol, ko haɓde e ko ɓe mbiyata “gabesi”. Hol ko woni heen goonga ? Goonga oo, ko hay huunde waylaaki heen, so wonaa tan ummiima e juuɗe ɓeeɗoo, faatii e juuɗe woɗɓe. Ndeen ko heewɓe ƴettatnoo jawdi buur, jooni ko yimɓon seeɗa, cuɓtakon tan njiyata, keɓata kaalis…
Jaaynoowo gooto jaaynde Le Calame, rokkii en heen yeruuji tati, heen gooto e Ardiiɓe Diisooji Njuɓɓudi (Président Conseil d’Administration), ɗiɗmo oo ko njangu sosiyateeji mawɗi baaɗi no Snim, tataɓo oo ko waktuuji ɓeydaaɗi (heures supplémentaires). Hol no ardiiɓe diisooji njuɓɓudi (PCA) cuɓirteee e hol no njoɓɗeele maɓɓe e ndaamordi maɓɓe jaaknuɗe ɗee ndottirtee ? Ɗuum na anndaa, na woowtaa, alaa ɗo fawii so wonaa e mbatulaagu laamu. Tame ɗaatɗo, kono jaajɗo. Fof na tawee heen : hoohooɓe, rewɓe, worɓe, teritɓe, hoohooɓe aada, ardiiɓe partiiji… Gooto heen kala fawaade e faayiida mum, kono kamɓe fof ko ɓe mettotooɓe, fukketeeɓe e ardorde juɓɓule dowla fawaade e doole goomu mo o jokkondiri e nder laamu hee.
Yeru ɗiɗmo mo rokki ko njangu sosiyateeji laamu. Yeruuji ENER e SNIM teeŋtinooji. ENER woni ko e kallulahaa. SNIM ne wuuraani maayaani, ko e jooɗtinere tan wuurdi, e ñamaale e kaalisaaji ummortooɗi banngeeji goɗɗi, ɗi koolnaaki. Gila o waɗtaa e jeyi leydi ndii ñalnde 28 noowammbar 1974, hono caɗeele ɗe o wondi hannde ɗee meeɗaa heɓtaade mo.
Yeru tataɓo mo o rokki ko penaale kuutorteeɗe ngam ɓeydude won ɗiin foksineeruuji, ine e ɗeen, feere hersiniinde anndiraande waktuuji ɓeydaaɗi (heures supplémentaires) ɗo teemedde miliyoŋ ugiyya pirlittee lebbi ɗiɗi kala. Oon kaalis mo tamanngel jagge njuɓɓudi laamu (gardorɗe dowrowe ministeeruuji) e ɓadtiiɓe ɗum en e sehilaaɓe mum en mbaɗata e poosuuji mum en. Nguyka mawka porlirka kaalis denndaaɗo yimɓe fof ina ndaara.
Ko ɗee peeje njibini ɓurondiral mawngal njoɓɗeele. Gardiiɗo Diiso Njuɓɓudi tokosiri walla kakindiindi, ina heɓa keɓa ko famɗi fof teemedde ujunnaaji mbuuɗu, ko jiidaa e kuɓɓam oto mo njuɓɓudi ndii totti mum oo.
Gardiiɗo Diiso njuɓɓudi mbaandi no SONIMEX heɓataa ko jaasi miliyoŋ mbuuɗu lewru kala, ko jiidaa e ɓure goɗɗe. Ndeen noon hol ko Gardo Diiso Somelec, Snde, Snim keɓata ? Wonaa mehre addani mawɗo UPR suɓaade wonde PCA sosiyatee suukara : miliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi ɗoret ɗoret ! Ƴeewaa noon jaggal ɓurngal toowde, jettingal e yahde altered, gollotoongal e ministeer tolniiɗo e ministeer jaŋde walla cellal heɓata ko hedde teemedere e capanɗe jeegom ujunere, woni ko jaasi feccere ndaamordi kuɓɓam PCA Sonimex. Ɗum ko yeru tan.
Ɗum noon hol to kaɓagol bonannde jawdi woni ɗoo ?
Bookara Aamadu Bah
Ɓiɓɓe hilifaaɓe laamu e golle
Banke santaraal Muritani riiwii huunde e gollotooɓe mum siifondiranooɓe nanondire, ine e ɓeen ɓiɗɓe jagge maantinɗe leydi ndii.
Ine jeyaa e riiwaaɓe ɓee, ɓiy Mesauud wul Bulkayri debbo, ɓiy Hmeyda wul Bah diisneteeɗo keeriiɗo hooreejo leydi oo, e ɓiy Sagiir wul Mbaarek masloowo dowla.
Ma a taw no ɓe ƴettiranoo ko e ballal …
Ƴoogirde : http://www.mauripress.info/?p=34648


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Laaɓal ko huunde mawnde sanne e nder diine Lislaam, ngam denndaangal annduɓe diine kawrii wonde neɗɗo waawaa wonde juulɗo tawi aldaa e laaɓal. Laaɓal noon ina heewi pecce, ɗum noon ma en nganndu ɗum e geɗe garooje ɗee :
• Laaɓal ɓernde
• Laaɓal balndu
• Laaɓal comci
• Laaɓal nokku juuleteeɗo
• Laaɓal diƴƴe
• Laaɓal to bannge ñameele
• Laaɓal to bannge jawdi e faagudu
• Laaɓal golle
Ɗeeɗoo geɗe limtaaɗe ɗoo ɗee fof ko geɗe doondiiɗe laaɓal so tawii so tawii ɗe caaktaama no haanirta nii ina waawi wonde deftere. Jooni noon en ƴeewat heen tan ko mbaaw-ɗen saaktude.
Laaɓal ɓernde
Ko adii fof yo a taw neɗɗo ina jogii ɓernde laaɓnde ngam nelaaɗo Alla mo jam e kisal ngoni e mum oo wiyi “Alla ƴeewataa mbaydiiji mooɗon, Alla ƴeewataa ɓiyngu moƴƴaagu mon, O ƴeewataa jawɗeele mon, o ƴeewata tan ko ɓerɗe mon”. Ɗum tinndini ko kala ko neɗɗo ina waɗa, yo a taw ina yahdi e laaɓndeeraagu, haa teeŋti noon e juulɗo, ɗum woni lislaamiyanke. Waɗi noon ko so juulɓe laaɓondiraani ɓerɗe hakkunde mum en, ɗum jibinta ko ngañgu. Ngañgu noon so naatii hakkunde juulɓe wontata ko boomaare.
Laaɓal ɓalndu
Neɗɗo ko waawi wonde fof alaa e sago o toppitoo laaɓal ɓalndu makko haa teeŋti e juulɓe, sibu ɗuum ina waɗɗinaa e maɓɓe no feewi, ɗuum kadi ina roondii geɗe garooje ɗoo ɗee :
1. Jettondiral gorko e debbo to bannge ngena, ɗum so woodii alaa e sago ɓe ɓuftoo.
2. So juulɗo memii soɓe, ko wayi no jalte, walla tare, walla ƴiiƴam keewɗam, walla jiiba, ɗum ne kadi ko maa lootee nde laaɓa.
Laaɓal comci
Juulɗo kadi ina waɗɗii e mum ɓoornaade comic laaɓɗi, ɗum ɗoon noon ina roondii geɗe ɗiɗi : heen geɗal ko ɓoornaade comic laaɓɗi cer; geɗal ɗiɗmal ngal ko ko jogaade comic hay so eɗi tunwi seeɗa, tawa eɗi njuula, waɗi noon ko soɓe memaani ɗi. Refti heen ko so comcol memii soɓe, aɗa anndi ɗo memi ɗoo, waɗ heen ndiyam poko-ɗaa ɗum haa njenane-ɗaa soɓe o laaɓii. So tawii noon comcol memii soɓe kono joom comcol oo anndaa hol to soɓe oo heedi, ɗum alaa e sago o wuppa comcol ngol fof, nde o fuɗɗoo waawde juuldude ngol. Ooɗoo soɓe kaaleteeɗo noon wonaa soɓe jaltoowo e ngoraagu gorko walla ndewaagu debbo ko wayi no kañtudi woni maniyyu. Maa en ngartoy e ɗuum yeeso. Ooɗoo ko soɓe mo tijjaaka, piltuɗo tan yani e comcol walla joom mum jooɗii heen tawi tinaani ekn…
Laaɓal diƴƴe e pecce mum
Feccere adannde to bannge diƴƴe : ɗum ko ndiyam ŋeelitii : ñaawoore mum ko ɗam laaɓɗam e hoore majjam, laɓɓinoojam ko jiidaa e mum. Ɗum noon ko maa ƴeewen anndude ɗuum e geɗe garooje ɗee.
1. Ndiyam toɓo e galaas e marmalle : fawaade e konngol Alla toowɗo oo : “ina jippinaa e dow mon toɓo ummaade e asamaan mbele oɗon laɓɓinoroo ɗum”. Woni ko e [Alanfal, kaawise 11]. Hono Alla toowɗo oo kadi wiyi “min njippinii ndiyam laaɓɗam ummaade e asamaan” [simoore al furqaana, kaawise 48]. Wonande yeewtere Abuu Hurayrata (mbelemma Alla wonii e makko) wiyi : laatiima nulaaɗo Alla (mo jam e kisal ngoni e mum oo), so tawii o habbirii e juulde o deƴƴa ko juuti seeɗa ko adii nde o janngata, mbiyii mi : “eehey maa nulaaɗo Alla –to baaba am aan e neene am- mate a yiyaani e deƴƴere maa hakkunde habbiraango e janngude hol ko mbiyataa ?” O wiyi: “mi wiya yo Alla woɗɗitin hakkunde am e bonanndeeji am, hono no ngoɗɗinir-ɗaa hakkunde fuɗnaange e hirnaange, yaa aan Alla, yo a laɓɓin am ummoraade e bonanndeeji am hono no laɓɓinirtaa comcol danewol ummoraade e tuundi. Alla lootan am bonanndeeji am tawa ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e galaas” naniraa ɗum ko e dental annduɓe so wonaa Tilmiis.
2. Ndiyam mayo geec. Wonande yeewtere Abii Hurayrata (yo mbelemma Alla won e makko) wiyi gorko gooto naamndiima nelaaɗo Alla (MJKM), o wiyi : “aan nelaaɗo, minen min njoli ko laana ndiyam geec, amin njogii dihal seeɗa, so min calligoriima ɗam min ɗomɗat, mbele amin mbaawi salliginoraade ndiyam geec ?” O wiyi kanko nelaaɗo Alla (MJKM) : “eɗam laaɓi, ina daganii on jiibaaji mum”. Firti ko kala ko wuuri e mayo so maayii haa ñolii, so neɗɗo hulaani ina newnaa, ina daganii ɗum ñaamde. Naniraa ɗum ko njoyo (5). Tilmiis wiyi ooɗoo hadiis ina moƴƴi, ina selli.
3. Ndiyam mbaylotoo-ɗam ngam ɓooyde keddagol, walla ngam nokku mo woni oo, walla njillondiroojam, ko ittaɗam e mbaadi majjam, ko wayi no ndaayri walla baramlefi leɗɗe, ɗaam ndiyam ŋeelitiiɗam elaaɓal, annduɓe ina kawri eɗam waawi huutoreede. Ko ɓuri goongɗude koo, kala ndiyam ciforiiɗam noon ina sella huutoraade ɗam ɗoon ndiyam.
4. Ndiyam biir jam jam, hono ko naniraa Aliu (yo mbelemma won e makko) : “nelaaɗo Alla mo jam e kisal ngoni e mum oo, naamndiima baagal baɗngal ndiyam jam-jam, o yari heen, o salliginii heen”. Naniraa ɗum ko Ahmadu.
Jibi Joop


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Rokaya Jalloh dillata koy entreprenariat. Ko ekkinoowo sukaaɓe holno ɓe ndarnirta golle koye maɓɓe
Saakitaama ñannde : Hesɗintinaama ñannde :
Rokaya Jalloh woni juppuɗo yontere hande nde. O suka debbo yaarete ko e duuɓi noogaas e jee tati (28). O jeya ko Saare Pathé, gurel gongel ɗo e leydi Senegaal. Kono o jangata ko to duɗal jaabihaɗtirde gonɗo to Saint Louis ene wiye universite Gaston Berger. O woɗɗoyi nii jooni e jangde nde. Kono haɗaanni haa jooni omo dilla kadi e ko francire wiyata entreprenariat : firti ko ndarnande hooremum golle mum. Omo ekkina toon to Saint louis ha e Sare Pathe sukaaɓe hono makko hono mbaɗata haa ndarna golle koye mumen. O ari e yewtere e yewtere Ko Mbiiɗon ngam njangtaade hono ɗum yaari, kadi holko duñimo e ɗum.


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Hannde 20/01/2017, Donald TRUMP, laamɗo keso Dowlaaji Amerik Dentuɗi ƴettata golle. Ɗum noon, kolliten banndiraaɓe ɓee, holi kanko.
Donald Trump
Donald Trump, jibinaa ko ñalnde 14 sulyee 1946 to New York. Ko o julanke mawɗo. Kanko wonata hoorejo 45ɓo Dental Dowlaaji Amerik caggal nde « wootooɓe mawɓe » teeŋtini ɗum nder woote mum en ñalnde 19 desaambar 2016. O ƴettoyta golle ko ñalnde 20 saawiyee 2017. Ko o taanum wiyeteeɓe Frederick Trump e Elizabeth Christ Trump, ummoriiɓe Almaañ. Baaba makko wiyetee ko Fred Trump, ko golloowo e ndiiñiindi (immobilier), coso gollirde wiyeteende Elizabeth Trump & Son ɗo o gollotoo gila omo woni sanɗa njulaagu to jaaɓihaaɗtirde Pennsylvanie. Nde o joofni jaŋde o heɓti gardagol gollirde ndee, o innitiri ɗum “The Trump Organization”. Ko e ɗeen golle o mahi dañal makko e innde makko kam e kuɓeeje mawɗe ɗe yoga e mum ngoni nder New York, ko wayi no Trump Tower. O golliima kadi e teleeji hakkunde 2004 e 2015. O mahi TRUMP Tower ko e hitaande 1983. Oon sahaa kayre wonnoo hoɗorde ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee. O mahii goɗɗe caggal ɗuum : Trump Tower to Chicago e 2009, Trump Palace Condominiums to New York, Trump Taj Mahal to Atlantic City, Trump Las Vegas. Omo yiɗnoo mahtaade kuɓeeje World Trade Center ɗe ownooɓe njandinnoo ñalnde 11 settaambar 2001.
Kono daraja ɓuri iwrude mo ko e deftere nde o winndunoo e hitaande 1987 tiitoriinde Trump: The Art of the Deal, ɗo o hollitta hoore makko, nde nganndu-ɗaa duuɓi 13 woni hoore defte ɓurɗe horsineede. O yeyii e mayre miliyoŋ tumbitere.
E kitaale 1990 o feeñii e filmuuji simemaa keewɗi, ko wayi no Maman, j’ai encore raté l’avion, Ghosts Can’t Do It, Les Chenapans, kam e filmuuji tele, yeru Le Prince de Bel-Air, Une nounou d’enfer, Sex and the City. Tuggi 2004 noon o wonii jirwinoowo teleeji, yeru omo joginoo yeewtere wiyeteende The Apprentice nde nganndu-ɗaa heɓii daraja mawɗo e leydi hee, sabu makko wonde neɗɗo jalnoowo. Itti mo heen ko gongol makko kanndidaa e woote garwaniije hooreleydaagu.
E hitaande 2005 o sosi duɗal toowngal heblo ko faati e ndiiñiindi. Ngaal duɗal golliima haa 2010, kono huunde e sanɗaaji mum ko nawɓe mo ñaawoore e hitaande 2013 ( Ñalnde 18/11/2016 o fellitii yoɓɗe 25 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam maslahaa mo o wiynoo o jaɓataa abada nde o yiylotoo laamu ndee.) Oon doosiyee jeyanoo ko e doosiyeeji makko keewɗi dogooji ɗi nguddaaka tawa (ina wiyee ɗi njettiima 75), ɗi o waawi noddireede ñaawoore ɗoo e makko jooɗaade e jappeere laamu hee.
TRUMP ina horsini fijirde wiyeteende GOLF nde o ardii walla o yuɓɓini kewuuji mum keewɗi, o jogii heen boowe keewɗe, o faggii heen kadi jawdi keewndi. Innde TRUMP ndee e hoore mum ko innde njulaagu (marque) latiiji, karwatuuji, matelaaji ekn, jibinannde mo ngalu njonngu, sibu, e hitaande 2014 ndee tan, o dañii heen fotde miliyoŋaaji sappo dolaar njoldi. Jaaynde Forbes millii ngalu makko, e hitaande 2015 ndee, e 4,5 miliyaar dolaar, woni 113ɓo e nder ameriknaaɓe ɓurɓe alɗude.
To bannge politik, o idorii ko wonde demokaraat hade makko reftaade Ronald Reagan e naatde tigi rigi politik e hitaande 1987. Daraja makko to binndol defte addanii mo miijaade yahdude e Oprah Winfrey e woote garwaniije heerto Ripobilikee en e hitaande 1988, kono, ndeen, ko George H. W. Bush fooli. O yalti parti oo e hitaande 1999, o fayi e partiyel goɗngel ngam etaade birgirde toon laamu e hitaande 2000, kono o haayti sibu ɓeeyno rokki mo tan ko 7% e woote gardagol leydi so mbaɗii. Hakkunde 2001 e 2009 (e laamu Bush mo o luulndinoo) o faati e Demokaraat en kadi. E hitaande 2008 ndee, omo jeyaa e difiiɓe kampaañ Hilari Clinton. E hitaande 2009 o ruttii e Ripobilik en… E 2012, o walliti Mitt Romney… Ñalnde 16 suwee 2015 o saakti yiɗde makko fooɗanaade laamu ngam « Make America Great Again! » woni “Ndokkiten Amerik mawneeki mum kadi”, konngol ngol Ronald Reagan huutorinoo. O fuɗɗorii kampaañ makko ko haala kaaɓniika, haala ooyoowo, mo yiɗaa hoɓɓe e leydi mum, e takkude laamu Meksik neldude warkoyeeɓe e Dental Leyɗe Amerik walla haalde rewɓe konngi coofɗi, maa wiyde ina uddana juulɓe keeri Amerik. O innitorii daɗndoowo Amerik e deestaare sabu wonde ardiiɓe ɗum ɓee yimɓe yeenaaɓe e ñiŋde sifaa no woote mbaɗirtee e Amerik nii e wiyde ko woote ɗe tuugaaki e nuunɗal.
Ɗoo, eɗen mbaawi wiyde ma a taw o haalii goonga, “wonde woote Amerik ngonaa nuunɗuɗe”, sibu ko kanko hawi kono Hilari Clinton ina ɓuri mo daaɗe 638 750. Ko e Amerik tan ko wayi nii yiyetee, ɓurde heewde daaɗe kono hawee. Ko wayi nii alaa nde meeɗi waɗde so wonaa e kitaale 1824, 1876, 1888 e 2000. Caggal Ronald Reagan (duuɓi 73 e woote 1984), ko Donald Trump (duuɓi 70) e Hilari Clinton (duuɓi 69) ngoni kanndidaaji ɓurɗi heewde duuɓi e woote gardagol Amerik. TRUMP woni ɓurɗo heewde duuɓi mo Ameriknaaɓe toɗɗii e manndaa gadano yo ardo Amerik. Ñalnde 13 noowammbar 2016 o habrii wonde o yaafiima njoɓdi makko hooreejo leydi (400 000 dolaar hitaande kala), kono laawol ina waɗɗini e makko jaɓde dolaar gooto.
Bookara Aamadu Bah


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Hooreejo-no hukuuma cuɓi Naajeeriya, Puroofeesa Attahiru Jega, felii laamu hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya Muhammadu Buhari, dow no o dogginirta laamu maako ngun. Nde laati, naa ko yimɓe tammanii laamu maako ngun, ngi’ata jooni. Kadi hooreejo lesdi ndin, woppii piiji ɗuuɗɗi, kaanduɗi hakkilaneeki. Bana no hooreejo-no hukuuma cuɓi Naajeeriya kan, wi’i.
Jega ni, kanko tambini Muhammadu Buhari ɗerewol seedaramku laamu maako, ɓaawo o suɓaama nder nduuɓu 2015. To yimɓe mani no cuɓol ngol waɗiraa, boo ɓe mani kanko Jega on, dow no o waɗiri cuɓi ɗin, ndokkuɗi kanko Muhammadu Buhari on, baawɗe ardaaki lesdi ndi’i.
Puroofeesaajo on ni, hollii mettamɓeram maako dow no laamu Muhammadu Buhari dogginirtee. To o wi’i danjay laamu ngun, ngu waɗaayi huunde moƴƴunde, sabu haani ngu waɗa ko ɓurdi ko ngu waɗi. Nden o ɗawtiri wiiki, laamu ngun, ngu semtinii Naajeeriyankooɓe ɗuuɗɓe, ammaa faa jooni o weetoraayi.
Bindol: Surajo Teete


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Njalniika: Mamadu Tog
Saakitaama ñannde : Hesɗintinaama ñannde :
Nialawma hande o min jewtata ko yowiti e njalniika. jewtidiido men wiyete ko Mamadu Lamin Jallo. O buri andireede noon ko inde Mamadu Tog. O dieya ko Gine konakry, Gila o bami dillude e njalniika buri duubi noogaas hande omo heptinaa noo feewi e golle njalniika omo tawe e rendoo ji kewdi. E hitande ujunaaji didi et sappo et dieegom a darnii to Labe kawral ene wiye "FAR de Labé" nde fijirde ene rendina hitande kala dillobe e njalniika. O ari et yewtere Ko mbiidon ngam haalande bandiraabe hettibe Rfi fulfulde holko faami e njalniika.