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Teret jiyaaɓe feewde Amerik fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 22 saawiyee 1510, nde laamɗo biyeteeɗo Ferdinande yamiri neldugol to Hispaniola fotde 50 jiyaaɗo ngam gollaade e oogirɗe. Ɓeen potnoo wonde ko « suɓtaaɓe to bannge kattanɗe e semmbe waawnooɓe dañeede ». Ɗuum firti ko ɓaleeɓe o joopinoo, sibu Iñnjee en mbaawaano kañum en muñde leepte e caɗeele oorgirɗe (haa teeŋti e ñawu came). E hitaande 1 510 ko 25 000 tan keddinoo ɗoon e Hispaniola.
Seeɗa seeɗa, jiyaaɓe ɓaleeɓe ngoni e hoɗde e leyɗeele kese njiimaandi Españool en. Ɗuum waɗiri ko daawe daawe, e nder sirlu, yantude e jajajtaali keewɗi. Nii woni, e hitaande 1501, dekere gooto ƴettaa, karminoowo taccingol jiyaaɓe jibinaaɓe nder Espaañ feewde Inndo, noon ne kadi wonande yahuud en, walla safalɓe kam e naatɓe e diine kerecee ko ɓooyaani (masihiyeeɓe hesɓe, woni reftiiɓe diine Annabi Iisaa. Ɗoo noon ɗum toɗɗii ko yahuud en wontuɓe masihiyeeɓe). Kono huune e julaaɓe e mawɓe laaɗe (kapiteenuuji) keɓii yamiroore heeriinde taccinde jiyaaɓe ɓaleeɓe seeɗa, feewde Inndo.
Hispaniola ina wiyee kadi Saint-Domingue walla Haiti. Ko duunde Karaybe ɓurnde heewde yimɓe e nder duuɗe Antiiy (25 miliyoŋ e 2015) e 76 000 km2 wertallo (ɗimmere to bannge njaajeendi caggal duunde Kubaa). Nde feccii ko hakkunde leyɗe ɗiɗi : huunde e mayre jeyaa ko e Hayiti, huunde e mayre jeyaa ko e Rippoobilik Dominikeejo.
Haa e 1550 ko ɓuri heewde e kaptif en afrikeeɓe (kaptif : lasli helmere ndee ko nanngaaɗo, kono nde firata ɗoo ko dahaaɗo, jiyɗinaaɗo) nawetenoo ko to duungel iberiyeewel (Espaañ e Portigaal), e Madera (nddukon sara Portigaal) e Sao Tome e Principe. Tuggi 1550 noon, sokla Amerik e jiyaaɓe ɓeydii mawnude. Ɓe keewnoo waɗteede toon ko awooɓe, jippinooɓe/jolnooɓe kaake (e laaɗe e ko ɓuri heewde) ; heen sahaaji ko ɓe waylooɓe, sehooɓe, sañooɓe walla jiyaaɓe galle. Rewɓe ɓee keewnoo wonde ko horɓe galle ekn… Ɓe ɓurnoo heewde halfineede ko golle ɓurɗe haaɓnaade ɗee.
Nde gese gawƴe suukara mbaɗti remeede toon, sokla e jiyaaɓe ɓeydii mawnude no feewi. Purtugeec en ina njoginoo Iñnjee en, kono dominikenaaɓe kaɗti jiyɗingol Iñnjee en. Yanti heen ñabbuuli ndogu reedu e maɓɓo mboomiino ko heewi e Iñnjee en wonnooɓe to Beresil e nder kitaale 1560. Yanti heen kadi, joom en gese en ɓee mbeltanooki e golle Iñnjee en, yanti heen ɓe mbaawaano muñde leepte e ñabbuuli. Ɗee geɗe kala ine njeyaa e ko addani paggagol jiyaaɓe ummoriiɓe to Konngo e Anngolaa ɓeydaade. E hitaande 1570 yimɓe Beresil fof ko 3 000 neɗɗo so heewii, kono e hitaande 1600, ɓe njettiima 15 000 fittaandu. Nguurndam jiyaaɓe ɓee ina saɗtunoo haa ɗoon waawi haaɗde, ko ɗuum tagi ɓe keewaano wuurde ɗoon ko ina ɓura duuɓi 10, ko ɗuum waɗi kadi alaa e sago woɗɓe kadi njokka e addeede. Ko ɓuri heewde e suukara Orop ummortonoo ko Beresil.
E nder nayaɓal gadanal teeminannde 17re (duuɓi 25) jiyaaɓe ummoriiɓe Afrik njettiima 200 000 neɗɗo, tawi heen 100 000 nawaa ko to Beresil, fotde 75 000 to Amerik njiimaandi Españool en, 12 500 to Sao-Tome e capanɗe seeɗa faade Orop.
Kono ɗumɗoo fof ko e meerorɗe tan wonnoo, sibu haa ɗoo, ko ina wona teeminanɗe keewɗe, ko ɓurnoo heewde e afrikanaaɓe jiyɗinaaɓe keewnoo naweede ko to leyɗe aarabeeɓe, ɗo ɓe mbaɗtetenoo jiyaaɓe galle. Lappol toon ngol ko juutngol, keewngol fere. Remooɓe suukara españoolnaaɓe to Wenuselaa e Portugeec en to Beresil coodii jiyaaɓe ko goonga, kono ina hakindii nde tawnoo jolngo ngoo ina hitti, tee pawnaari mum heewaani.
Kono geɗe ɗee kala mbaylii ko nde njulaagu tatiiwu fuɗɗii ñiiɓde e hitaande 1674, nde faraysenaaɓe e engele en naati dingiral, mbaɗti fooɗondirde e holanndee en jolngo e taccingol jiyaaɓe ummoraade e tufɗe Afrik feewde leyɗe Amerik haa teeŋti noon feewde duuɗe ɗiɗi mawɗe biyeteeɗe Jamayke e Sen Domennge (Saint-Domingue) e feewde nduukon taton mbiyeteekon Martinik, Gadelup, e Barbad.
Bookara Aamadu Bah


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Caggal nde depitee Faraysenaajo oo takki wul Abdel Asiis ko takki ɗum koo, Mustafaa Limaam Shaafi fawtiino heen wonde “ko wiyaa e Asiis koo ina woodi, sibu kanko e hoore makko o tiniino wonde Abdel Asiis ina moddi e hafeere waɗnoonde to Ganaa, e yonta mo Eli ardinoo Muritani oo ». Ndeen hafeere waɗnoonde Ganaa noon, ina gasa tawa woni ko e laaɓande yimɓe, sibu, ñalnde 27 marse 2013, malinaajo biyeteeɗo Hamed Umar won ko haali e yeewtere waɗdunoo e jaaynde lechallenger.com (yah ɗoo), ko abbitii e ko Limaam Shaafi eyɓinnoo koo. O wiyi « Asiis naatnii kam e geɗe ɗe ndewaani laawol ».
Nde o naamnaa hol ko o miijii e ko Noël Mamère haali koo, o jaabii « mi waawaa wiyde hono noon…, kono, mi anndii mo (Asiis) nde o woni deenoowo Maawiya ndee, tee o naatnii kam e geɗe ɗe ndewaani laawol ». O wiyi waɗdunoo ɓe ko gooto e yimɓe sarwiis sunnotooɓe leydi ndii ine wiyee Siidi wul Ahiba, gonnooɗo oon sahaa to ammbasaad Muritani to Bamako. Oon sahaa, wonoo faandaare maɓɓe ko sunnaade geɗe wiyeteeɓe « cavaliers du changement. »
O wiyi, Asiis heɓiino wiyde mo, nde ɓe puɗɗii haaldude e telefoŋ « A jaaraama Hamed Umar. Miɗo teeŋtinan maa Siidi ko neɗɗo amen, aɗa waawi hoolaade mo, mballondiraa e makko ». Caggal ɗuum, e no o haaldi, jokkondiral makko e Siidi yahii haa nde Asiis rokki mo tonngoode mum telefoŋ ndeeɗoo : 002226004747, ɓe mbaɗti jokkondirde tawi alaa ɓiliiɗo hakkunde maɓɓe. A ɓe keewnoo haaldude e telefoŋ, aɓe kumtondira haajuuji. Yeru, Asiis meeɗii ɗaɓɓirde mo lelli e ndiwri ngam nehde ɗum en… Ko arata koo, ko konnguɗi Hamed Umar : « Mi waɗanii mo ɗuum, rewrude e ammbasadeer Muritani to Bamako. O ɗaɓɓiriino mi kadi yo mi yiylono mo ceerno, mi jokkondira mo e Seek Muniir Haydara, njokkondir-mi ɓe, ɓe kaaldi Arab e telefoŋ. Caggal ɗuum o wiyi yo mi ƴeewan mo bileejo, mbaɗdu-moo-mi e bileejo ŋanaa ina wiyee Muttaar Ginndoo, ɓe njiyndiri e settaambar 2005 to Muritani… ».
“Kikiiɗe15 desaambar 2006, hedde waktu 7ɓo-8ɓo, Asiis noddiri mi toongoode mum dow ndee, e tonngoode am ndeeɗoo ‘0022235390309’ (nde njogii-mi haa hannde boom). Jiɗɗo kala, ina waawi hoolkisaade ɗum to sosiyateeji telefoŋ ɗii. O wiyi yo mi yahan mo ko yaaccii to Ganaa.”
Hol ko wonnoo faandaare nduun yahdu ?
Hamed Umar wiyi : « potnoo-mi fottude toon ko e iraknaajo gooto ina wiyee Usmaan Alawi, mo o waɗdatnoo kafeeje. So mi yahii, ha mi yettiima toon, mi fada e yamiroore makko. Kamɓe ɗiɗo ɓee, ko ɓe jokkondirnooɓe gila Maawiyaa ina laamii. E oon sahaa, won ko ɓe ɗaɓɓittunoo, ko ɓe keɓaani, mi anndaa ko haɗi ɗum. Jooni noon, tawde ɓe keɓtii laamu, colonel Asiis ɓamti jokkondiral ngal, mbele aɓe mbaawa ruttanaade ko ɓe ndonkunoo koo. Miin, kalfinanoo-mi ko yiytude oon neɗɗo to Akraa, kono hay dara mi anndanaano mo, so wonaa tonngoode makko telefoŋ “(0023349115055) nde Asiis totti mi.
Ñalnde 16 desaambar , ƴettu-mi oto am, Toyotaa Prado VX, njettii-mi Akraa janngo mum hedde w18ɓo. Njippii-mi Quass Hotel, gonɗo e laawol Takoradi, ɗo potnoo-mi tawde mo njiylotonoo-mi oo. Oon jamma gooto njiytu-mi Usmaan Alawi, njokkondir-mi ɗum e Asiis, ɓe kaaldi e telefoŋ. Ɓe kaaldi ko e Arab. Mi anndaa ko ɓe kaaldi sibu mi nanataa Arab. Caggal ɗuum, oon yeewtidi e ammbasadeer Muritani to Jordaani, joginooɗo ndeeɗoo tonngoode 00962777981112. (…).
Ko ɗo Akraa ɗoo puɗɗii-mi faamde wonde kolonel Asiis naatni-mi ko e geese nde ndewaani laawol, coofɗe e neɗɗo tolniiɗo ɗo o tolnii ɗoo. Ko ɗoon paam-mi Usmaan Alawi ina gollodoo e biyeteeɗo Victor, darjuɗo no feewi e nder Ganaa, sibu ko mawɗo kolob fuku bal… (…) Oon Viktoor nanngaama e cili keewɗi, tee ko biyaaɗo hoto naattu leydi Togo. Omo anndiraa wonde tarafikaa bonɗo… E ndeeɗoo hafeere o innitorii ko Robert ; aɓe noddira mo kadi « The King ». Ndeen mi yettinii nelal am, Asiis wiyi yo mi hoot Bamako, o fodani mi geɗe keewɗe.
(…) Kono, no colonel Asiis wiyri yo mi hoot Bamako nii, haawi mi. Pellit-mi heddaade ɗoon ha mi laaɓee ko ndee hafeere woni.” Hamed Amar rokkii pille keewɗe. Ko ɓuri heen maantinde tan o wiyi ko ndeen o anndi wonde wonnoo ɗoon ko “coodgu kaalis ñemmbaaɗo, so biyeeji dolaar ñemmbaaɗi… Ko biyeeji 100 dolaar, ɗi ɓe mbiyatnoo ‘’super dolaar’’. Ko wonnoo ɗoon koo, ina hebbina bakane nay, tati potɗe e wootere ɓurnde famɗude seeɗa. Ko ɗuum colonel Asiis fotnoo wostoraade kaalis moƴƴo to banke santaraal Muritani.”
Nde Hamed Umar naamndaa mbele ina joganii ko haalata koo seede, o jaabii “ɗuum jaraa haala. … kameraaji deenooji nokku ɗo kaalis oo tottaa ɗoo, ƴettii fof. Miɗo jogii yeewtere hakkunde makko e Alawi. Tee jeewte telefoŋ ɗee kala ina mbaawi hoolkiseede to sosiyateeji telefoŋ ɗo Akraa ɗoo.” O rokki tonngoode telefoŋ nulanooɗo toon oo, o wiyi “miɗo anndi waktu oon yettii otel oo, e tonngoode oto dipolomaasi gaddunooɗo ɗum oo … Ɗum noon, mi fepindaaki ko kaal-mi koo.”
(…) Ndeen nulaaɗo oo hoolksiima kaalis oo ina woodi tigi-rigi, o noddi patroŋ makko, ngam humpitde ɗum e haalande ɗum sarɗiiji gaddugol kaalis oo haa Nuwaasoot…
“Caggal batu maɓɓe to Tema, janngo mum, nulaaɗo oo ruttii Nuwaasoot, rewrude Abijaa. Yontere fawii heen, o arti omo addori 427 000 dolaar Amerik (tesko : ɗii ko dolaruuji moƴƴi), potɗi soodireede dolaruuji ñemmbaaɗi ɗii. Ñalnde o foti arde ndee, Asiis noddi Alawi ngam habrude ɗum garaangal makko. Miɗo jogii ndeen yeewtere telefoŋ e jeewte goɗɗe…”
“Ñalnde o tottata 427 000 ɗii, kameraaji deenooji baɗaaɗi e biro Victor ganndiraaɗo Robert ɗii pilmii mo. Tesko-ɗon tan, e oon sahaa, Asiis ina nanndunoo e keñoriiɗo no feewi heɓde kaalis oo, sibu tawi kampaañ woote paandiima.
Miɗo humpitii ɓe keɓii dolaruuji ñemmbaaɗi ɗii, kono mi anndaa no foti. Kono ɗumɗoo fof addantaa kam wiyde wonde Asiis ina moddi e pelle tarafik dorog. Kono tan, Alawi wiyii kam wonde (nulaaɗo oo) naamndiima biyeteeɗo Victor oo, mbele alaa ɗo tini hee boli jeeyirɗi dorog, sibu mawɗo mum, hono Asiis, ina heɓii e rokkude ɓe kanndaa, ɗo ɓe mbaawata yebbitde geɗe maɓɓe tawa ina kisa.”
Hamed Umar wiyi waɗi ɗum haaltude geɗe ɗee, ko sabu Asiis jamfiima ɗum, waɗaani ko fodannoo ɗum. O wiyi o yahii haa o ƴetti awokaa, oon winndii Asiis ñalnde 25 sulyee 2007, ngam yiɗde jokkondirde e mum e ƴeewde so tawii maslahaa ina waawi dañeede. Caggal ɗuum, o wiyi Asiis noddii mo, kono yeetere maɓɓe juutaani, sibu o ñaaɗirii ɗum e telefoŋ. O wiyi kadi caggal ɗuum, nulaaɗo oo noddii mo ngam ɗaɓɓude maslahaa. Ko caggal ɗuum biyeteeɗo Sidamine wul Ahmed gonnooɗo ammbasadeer Muritani to Bamako noddii mo, wiyi mo yo o ar to jiiloowo kaalis ammbasaad oo. Hamed Umar wiyi “Ina woodi, oon kontaabal tottii kam ko yerondiri e 3 000 dolaar Amerik, e kaalis Ceefaa. Kono mi jaɓaani ƴettude, …. O wiyi kam ko awaas tan woni ɗoon. Caggal nde pad-mi haa tampu-mi ko heddii koo, mi winndii colonel Asiis ɓataake ñalnde 21 ut 2008, yo yoɓ am, neldu-mi heen tumbitere to Persidaas e to kalifu konu, to kalifu Muritani geɗe caggal leydi. Mi winnditii mo kadi ñalnde 25 oktoobar 2008, kono o jaabtaaki. (…) Caggal ɗuum nulaaɗo oo noddii kam, wiyi mi wonde ko mbaɗat-mi koo wayi ko no santaas nii, tee miɗo waawi noddireede ɗuum laawol. O hulɓiniri mi yettinde haala kaa persidaa Aamadu Tumaani Tuure. Ciftin-moo-mi noon ko ɓe ɗaɓɓirnoo Victor ganndiraaɗo Robert, ko faati e tarafik dorog ». (…)
Gila ndeen noon, laamɗo leydi oo, hay dara haalaani, goongɗinaani, fennaani. Jooni noon, caggal nde kaa haala yalti, yimɓe fof mbayi ko no mugaaɓe nii. Ko maa yontere caggal ɗuum, nde yimɓe puɗɗii haalde ko faati e ɗuum. UFP e COD njaltini bayyinaaɗe ñalnde 9 abriil.
Senngo wonnduɓe e laamu nguu, keewaani heen haala. Ɗiɗo fuɗɗinooɓe haalde heen, haala mum en ina luutondiri. Sibu, e wiyde Kaliil wul Teyyib (haala makko e tele Al Arabia), ko COD weeynata ina wiya mawɗo leydi ndii haalii koo, woodaani. O jokki, geɗel gootel ngel o tini, ko « waaji gooto, iraknaajo, biyeteeɗo ko jula, ɗaɓɓiriino laamu Muritani gollaade e nder leydi hee. Kono, nde Kummba Bah yahi to leydi Afrik ngootiri ngam hoolkisaade ko oon haali koo, o tawi oon jeyaa ko e saaysayeeɓe ».
Haala luulndo ngoo, ina tonngoroo nii « Ina ɓeydoo laaɓtude ñalnde kala, ajaaɗe Abdel Asiis e laamu mum ngalaa ko kaaɗi. Ɗeen ajaaɗe bonnuɗe faayiida juɓɓule dowla oo. Ajaaɗe ɗee ko deggondirɗe, taƴondiraani, ajaande arnde fof ɓuri woɗnde ndee bonɗe e hersinaande. Heen ajaande kala ina hollita nuskeende goomu teettungu ngardiingu leydi ndii ñalnde 6 ut 2008. Sinno tan ɗum bonnatnoo tan ko faayiida laamu nguu, so ngu heddoraa ɗum boom, maa wood ɗo haaɗi ; kono ɗum itti ko neɗɗaagu leydi ndii. Wonande winndere ndee kala, laamu Muritani ko ko moddi e geɗe ɗe ndewaani laawol, ngu darjiri hannde ko bonnugol ngaluuji leydi ndii e jokkondiral e resooji mafiyaa e warkoyeeji. Ƴeewaa noon, ko ɓooyaani koo tan, Muritani limtetenoo ko e yeruuji demokaraasi e nder diiwaan hee, hannde Muritani ko weendu ajaaɗe e boneeji deggondirɗi. »
« E nder lewru wooturu, ko suurtaa e geɗe bonɗe laamu nguu waɗata ina hulɓinii : gila e bonannde jawdi, haa e heedi-heeda, haa e pijirgol jawdi konu, haa e warhoore engereeji ndema, haa njangu laaɗe diwooje konu… Ɗumɗoo fof tawti hafeere Noel Mamère/Asiis, kam e jeewte bayyinaaɗe ɗe Asiis wiyaa waɗdii e goomuuji banndiiji e wileeɓe kam e ñemmbugol kaalisaaji ».
« ko sakkitii koo, tee jogoraani haaɗde ɗoon, ko cuurtugol ajaande ɗo persidaa wul Abdel Asiis heɓti leyɗeele keewɗe e nder laamorgo hee, ko jiidaa e teettugol bolokaaji, e « ceinture verte» e boowal laaɗe diwooje. Ɗum ko gaa gaa jaltingol Muritani e kala ko noddi laaɓal e golle oogirɗe (ITIE). »
« laamu nguu seertii e kala jikkuuji renndo moƴƴi : ɓiy mawɗo leydi fellii neɗɗo, nana yaha e haaju mum ; tawi oon ina woofɗi ina jooɗtii e doole mum; mawɗo leydi oo e hoore mum fellaama, hay gooto anndaa haa hannde oo bone ko woni, sibu laamu jaɓaani laɓɓinde ɗum… Yanti heen, warngo Pennda Sog e woɗɓe ina poti jeertinde yimɓe fof e musiiba ketɗo leydi ndii ».
Bayyinaango UFP ko nii joofiri : “wutteeji laamu nguu ɓorninoo ɗii kala nana ñoortoroo gooto. Alaa ko ngu joganii ɓesngu nguu, so wonaa watergeytuuji (Water Gates) goɗɗi, ko nanndi e hafeere 13 oktoobar 2012.” Kono, alaa ɗo tin-ɗen jaabawol laamu nguu ɗee geɗe ɗe yooɓtoraa.
Heewɓe ina mbiya wonde politik Abdel Asiis ko noflaade kala ko o sikki haɗataa mo laamaade, walla haɗataa mo waɗde ko o « woni e mum koo ». Woɗɓe njokki heen « yimɓe ina ngulla gaa, kanko omo toppitii rusde jawdi leydi » ! Yeru, jaaynde Biladi winndii « jeewte ɗe neɗɗo malinaajo ñukkintooɗo saakti ɗee, jowitiiɗe e tawteregol persidaa Asiis e golle niɓɓe laɓɓingol kaalis dolaar ñemmbaaɗo, ina jokki e haaleede no feewi. Kono, laamu nguu hay dara haalaani heen. Hay dara ngu haalaani e ‘’pepindagol’’ luulndo ngoo. Hay so tawii noon hakkillaaji fof ko heen ngoni. E nder batu hilifaaɓe njawtungu nguu nii, … ko hilifaaɓe nayo ngari faccirande jaayɗe ɗee, eɓɓaaɗe ‘’moolanaaɗe’’ laamu nguu ummanii, ‘’jogorɗe waylude nguurndam ɓiɓɓe leydi ndii banngeeji kala’’. E ngoon yeeso ngu saaktii eɓɓaande ƴettugol ndiyam maayo Senegaal nawa ɗum haa gure rewo Muritani… Kono ko ɓuri himmande ngu koo, wonaa siynude ɗeen eɓɓaaɗe, kono ko faatinde hakkillaaji yimɓe bannge goɗɗo… Kono ɗuum haɗaani luulndo ngoo jokkude golle mum e sosde goomu wiɗto e nder mum, ngam sunnaade geɗe caaktaaɗe e hooreejo leydi ndii kam e gollodiiɓe mum… »
Muttaar

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Gammbi
Gammbi (en. Gambia) ko leydi tokoosiri lommbiindi e nder Senegaal, to hiirnaange Afirik. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 11.295 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2013 yimɓe 1.882.450. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Gammbi yo Bannjulu (en. Banjul). Hindi jeyaa e leyɗe CEDEAO (ECOWAS).
Jubbannde e taariixa leydi ndiiModifier
Gammbi hino jeyanoo e laamateeri Maali ndin.
E hitaande 1455, Portokeesuuɓe ɓen fuɗɗino joɗɗinde kontuwaaruuji e takko maayo Gammbi ngon, fii yuɓɓingol ngeeygu jiyaaɓe ɓaleeɓe. E hitaande 1723, Enngeleeɓe ɓen woni e soodude leyɗeele e nder Gammbi. Doy-doy, ɓe jooɗii e kaal leykal lommbiikal e nder Senegal, to Faransiiɓe ɓen jooɗinoo. Ɓen etii haa ronki riiwude Enngeleeɓe ɓen, ɓe siifidi e maɓɓe nanondiral 1889. Ittude 1894 Gammbi wonti leydi halfinaandi laamu Birtinkeʼen.
Gammbi heɓti hoore mum e hitaande 1965, Dawda Kayraba Jaawara laatii hooreejo leydi arano on. E hitaande 1981, koninkeejo wiʼeteeɗo Kukoy Sammba faalaa liɓude laamu makko kono Senegal immini koninkooɓe mum, ɓen yahi Gammbi artiri Jaawara ka laamu. Ontuma Senegal e Gammbi hawtiti waɗi konfederasiyon Senegammbi (kawtital leyɗe ɗiɗi) kono ngal kawtital ronki ñiiɓude, ngal fogi 1989.
Ñannde 22 yuliyuhu (morso) 1994 sentere ofisiyeeɓe nde kapiten Yaayaa Jamme ardii ƴetti laamu ngun e juuɗe Jaawara. Hino jeyaa e sababeeji on kuudetaa ronkugol Jaawara humnande caɗeele fagguduyankooje leydi ndin gila jeytal hoore mayri.
Gila 1994 ko Yaayaa Jamme tun laamii sabu wonnde kala woote no woodi, ɗuuɗal feddeeji dawroyankooji no woodi, ko kanko tun foolata ka woote. Laamu Gammbi ngun no woowi siforeede bonanndeeji ɗuuɗuɗi feewde jojjanɗe neɗɗanke, teeŋtii non ndimaaku jaayndeeji (jurnaluuji). Yaayaa Jamme no anndiraa kadi giggol ɓurtungol wonande waccoore e añugol ŋiñere.
Leƴƴi e ɗemɗeModifier
Leƴƴi Gammbi ɗin seertaa e leƴƴi leyɗe takkiiɗe ɗon ɗen: Seɓɓe (Manndinkooɓe), Njolfuɓe, Fulɓe, Sarankulleeɓe, Jaakankeeɓe, Jolaaɓe. Ɗum e wonde ko enngeleere tun woni ɗemngal laawɗinaangal ngal, ko ɗee ɗoo ɗemɗe tati ɓuretee wowleede e leydi ndin: manndinkoore, njolfoore, pulaar. Fulɓe Gammbi, ko ɓuri heewde kon, ko Firdunkooɓe (Fulaadunaaɓe) kono Fulɓe Fuuta Jaloo kadi no heewi.
GalluureModifier
- Serrekunda 362.986 (2013)
- Brikama 84.608
- Bakau 53.766
- Bannjulu 34.828


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Fedde Pinal e Ɓamtaare Saataar e gardagol Usmaan Abuu Soh, Fedde Daraniiɓe Leñol e gardagol Mammadu Njobbo Jah, Fedde Lewlewal Badru e gardagol Abuu Jah, Fedde Yaakaare Fulɓe Muritani e gardagol Demmba Jallo, Fedde Pinal Ɓamtaare Tunsuwoyliit e gardagol Usmaan Jallo mawninii ñalawma Yero Dooro Mammadu Paate Jaari Jallo to Dingiral Coftal Ɓalli Daar Naayim e nder wuro Nuwaasot, laamorgo Muritani, ñalnde 7 feebariyee 2014.
Fedde Pinal e Ɓamtaare Saataar e gardagol Usmaan Abuu Soh, Fedde Daraniiɓe Leñol e gardagol Mammadu Njobbo Jah, Fedde Lewlewal Badru e gardagol Abuu Jah, Fedde Yaakaare Fulɓe Muritani e gardagol Demmba Jallo, Fedde Pinal Ɓamtaare Tunsuwoyliit e gardagol Usmaan Jallo mawninii ñalawma Yero Dooro Mammadu Paate Jaari Jallo to Dingiral Coftal Ɓalli Daar Naayim e nder wuro Nuwaasot, laamorgo Muritani, ñalnde 7 feebariyee 2014.
Pelle Pinal goɗɗe keewɗe e duɗe ko wayi no Fedde Sifaa Hanki Pinal Hannde e Duɗal Sewnde Ganndal to Arafaat e yimɓe teelɗuɓe teskinɓe tawtoraama ñalawma oo.
Seppo pelle e wejo kuutorɗe ganni kolliraama. Uddi seppo ngoo ko Fedde Sifaa Hanki Pinal Hannde, haali, yimi haa yimɓe fof mbeltii. Caggal juulal takkusaan, Njaay Saydu Aamadu waɗani banndiraaɓe ɓee ciimtol nguurndam Yero Dooro Jallo. O haali ɗo Yero ari e aduna e hitaande mum, jaŋde mum quraana hakkunde Muritani e Senegaal, ɗanngal mum feewde Misira, golle ɗe golli toon gila e jaŋde haa e golle ɗe gollanii leñol. O jumpi e defte ɗe Yero wallifii, o meefti eɓɓooje ɗe Yero gollodinoo ko wayi heen Ared walla e ARP/Tabital Pulaagu hade makko waɗtindoraade eeraango ngo njogor-ɗen tonngirde winndannde men ndee.
Ciftoren ko ñalnde alet 05 marse 2006, nawnoonde Aamadu Maalik Gay, Doktoor Umaar Bah e Seek Faadel, ruttanii Kodda Elimaan e Aamadu Muktaar Ndonngo, ko ndeen kadi artani Yero Dooro Mammadu Paate Jallo, dummbi leñol Fulɓe e yiɗnooɓe Pulaagu e nder jookli winndere ndee, teeŋti e nder duunde Afrik e sunaare saɗtunde, e baasal mawngal. Yero Dooro, ngenndiyanke goongɗuɗo, goongɗinɗo. Yero Dooro daarɗo, tinnduɗo, ciftinɗo, coftinɗo, coftinirɗo tinndol e binndol, ruttii tabitiniri golle mum, darnde laaɓnde nde aldaa e mbuɗu sikkitaare. Yero Dooro, ganndo nuunɗuɗo, pinɗo teyliiɗo, salndu ngenndi wuurndu, jaalal leñol kerngal. Yero Dooro daraninooɗo, dadaninooɗo e nder nguurndam mum fof, ɓamtaare Ɗemngal, ƴellitaare Pinal e kisal e ngootaagu Leñol Fulɓe.
Heddii ko waɗde eeraango feewde e leñol ngol : Maayde Yero Dooro Jallo ko baasal mawngal wonande leñol ngol. Kono paamen noon, aduna oo dartotaako e ɗeeɗoo maayɗeele. Nguurndam leñol ngol ne kay ne dartotaako, ko ko jokkata. Ɗum firti ko leñol ngol ena hatojini e sagataaɓe yarlitiiɓe. Haade noon ngenndiyankaagal ko huunde tiiɗnde, nde weɓaani, so en ndañii ngenndiyanke, tiiɗno-ɗen e mum gila e nguurndam mum. Enen hannde, foti wonde woondu men e Yero Dooro Jallo ko daranaade ko o daraninoo koo, ko haɗde miijo makko maayde, ko salaade anniyaaji ɗi o joginoo ɗii mbaasa joofde.
So tawii goodal ko ñaam-golluuje tiiɗɗe ɗe leñol sokli ngam suɗirde daartol mum, mbiyen golle Yero Dooro ɗee ko pattamlame, ko dowrowe e nder cuɗaaje ɗe leñol foti suɗirde Taariik mum. Yo Geno waɗ toon fooftorde makko, kanko e denndaangal maayɓe juulɓe.
Njaay Saydu Aamadu


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Burkina Faso ko leydi hirnaange Afrik, ɓilliinde hakkunde Mali (bannge rewo) e Niiseer (bannge fuɗnaange) e Beneŋ, Togo, Ganaa, e Koddiwaar (bannge worgo). Wertallo mayri ko 274 200 km². Burkina Faso firti ko « leydi nuunɗuɓe ». Jeyaaɓe Burkina mbiyetee ko burkinaabe.
Hade 4 ut 1984, Burkina wiyetenoo ko “Haute-Volta”.
Burkina Faso ko leydi hirnaange Afrik, ɓilliinde hakkunde Mali (bannge rewo) e Niiseer (bannge fuɗnaange) e Beneŋ, Togo, Ganaa, e Koddiwaar (bannge worgo). Wertallo mayri ko 274 200 km². Burkina Faso firti ko « leydi nuunɗuɓe ». Jeyaaɓe Burkina mbiyetee ko burkinaabe.
Hade 4 ut 1984, Burkina wiyetenoo ko “Haute-Volta”. Ndi innitiraa noon ko e laamu Tomas Sankara. Innde Burkinaa Faso ndee renndini ɗoo ko ɗemɗe tati kaaleteeɗe e leydi hee : moore e julaa e fulfulde. Burkina firata e ɗemngal moore ko « nuunɗal » ; Faso firata e ɗemngal julaa ko « leydi maa ngenndi ». Ina winndaa e nder Doosɗe leydi Burkinaa « yimɓe Burkina mbiyetee ko Burkinaabé ». « bé » (ɓe) ko e fulfulde ittaa, woni ɗemngal tataɓal ngal. Gila e ɗoo anniya ardinooɓe leydi ndii e oon sahaa feeñii : ɓamtude ɗemɗe ngenndiije e ngootaagu leydi mum en. So tawii leydi Gine maantinirnoo ko wiyeede « satoodoo (loonde)» Afrik hirnaange, Mali maantiniri gure mum ganniije… eɗen mbaawi wiyde Burkinaa kam ne, maantiniriino yiɗde ngenndaagu.
Ko ina abboo e 14 miliyoŋ fittaandu ina wuuri e ndii leydi, ɗum noon ndi jeyaa ko e leyɗe hirnaange Afirik ɓurɗe hoɗeede. E ndi heewi leƴƴi haa wooroo, sibu eɗi millee e capanɗe jeegom (60) haa capanɗe jeeɗiɗi (70) leñol.
Ina hiisee wonde 53% e Burkinaaɓe ko moosinkooɓe, hoɗɓe e nehaande (hakkunde) leydi ndii. Rewi heen ko “Gurmacce” en (7%) hoɗɓe fuɗnaange e Fulɓe (7,8% hedde miliyoŋ pullo) hoɗɓe bannge rewo… Heen leñol kala ina jogii ɗemngal mum keeringal.
E nder doosɗe leydi ndii, ko Farayse woni ɗemngal laawɗinangal, hay so tawii faamooɓe ngal ɓuraani 20%. Daliilu keewɗo rokkeede ko limtilimtingol ɗemɗe ɗee.
E nder ɗemɗe kaaleteeɗe e leyɗi ndii kala, ko tati heen tan keɓtinaa ko ɗemɗe ngenndiije. Ɗeen ngoni moore (moosi) e julaa e fulfulde. Ko ina tolnoo e nayaɓe 3 yimɓe ɓee ko kañje tati kaalata. Moore, ɗemngal Mosi en e Gurunsi en, ɓuri yaajde (53% yimɓe leydi ndii ina kaala ngal). E ngal haalee kadi to Ganaa, to Koddiwaar, e to Mali. Julaa, hono no innde mum hollitiri nii, ɓuri anndireede ko ɗemngal julaaɓe, ɗemngal njulaagu (haalooɓe ngal ko hedde 9%). Fulfulde (Pulaar) noon haalooɓe ɗum toon ko hedde 7%. Ko nii kuulal 35 leydi ndii dottiri ngonka ɗemɗe e leydi ndii :
1. Ɗemngal laawɗinangal ko Farayse
2. Maa sariya dottu hol no ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee ƴellitirtee, laawɗinirtee.
Kono alaa ko waylii gila ndeen e ngonka ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee. Ina gasa tawa ɗum waɗiraa tan ko deeƴnude daraniiɓe yo ɗemɗe leydi ndii njannge ɓee.
To parlemaa, ko Farayse tan huutortee. Ardiiɓe laamu kadi ko e maggal kaalata, hay so tawii noon kaaldata ko ɓesngu, maa firooɓe tawee. To bannge ñaawoore kadi ko noon. E nder njuɓɓudi laamu kadi ko Farayse tan. Sariya tŋ 013/96/ADP jowitiiɗo e jaŋde ko nii lelniri geɗe ɗee :
1. ɗemɗe jannginirɗe ko farayse e ɗemɗe ngenndiije
2. ɗemɗe goɗɗe ina kuutoree no fannu jaŋde nii
E nder tabitino noon, huunde ndee ina woɗɗi newaade. Ko ɓuri heewde e jarribooji naatnugol ɗemɗe ɗee e tippudi nehdi e jaŋde leydi ndii njuumtaani. Ko ɗum tagi ko farayse janngetee e duɗe laamu, gila e jaŋde leslesre haa e hakkundeere. Humambinnaagu ina yaaji e Burkinaa, sibu tolnoyiima e 80%- 90%. Burkinaa jeyaa ko e leyɗe worgo saharaa ɗo majjere (humambinnaagu) ɓuri tuddinde.
Ko wonaa ɗuum, jaŋde mawɓe ina woodi toon e nder 24 ɗemngal, haa teeŋti e moore e julaa e Fulfulde.
To bannge goɗɗo, Burkinaa jarribiima ko anndiraa “ekkolaaji ɗemɗiɗaagal” (école bilingues), walla “ekkolaaji cawndiiɗi” (écoles satellites), ekkolaaji ɗo sukaaɓe njanngata tawo e ɗemɗe ɗe muuyni wondude e farayse. Fulfulde ina jeyaa e ɗiin jarribooji. E nder “ekkolaaji cawndiiɗi” ɗii, ɗemɗe ngenndiije njanngetee heen tan ko e duuɓi tati gadani ɗii, tawi e nder ekkolaaji ɗemɗiɗaagal ɗii, ɗemɗe muuynaaɗe ɗee ina njanngee e daawal heblo ngoo kala.
To bannge jaayɗe noon, emisiyoŋaaji ina ngoodi to rajo e to tele, nder farayse e huunde e ɗemɗe ngenndiije (Fulfulde ina jeyaa heen).
Jaaynde winndaande ndee noon woodi tan ko e farayse.
E miijo yimɓe heewɓe, laamuuji Burkinaa meeɗaa toppitaade no fotiri nii ɗemɗe ngenndiije. Darnde maggu ko faati e ɗuum woɗɗondiraani e darnde koloñaal. Ndeen darnde noon sikke alaa wallitta ko farayse, bonnana ɗemɗe ngenndiije. Sibu “hay gootal e ɗemɗe ngenndiije gonɗe Burkinaa ɗee nanndaani e ƴellitoytooɗe, so wonaa ma a taw ɗemngal jula; hay ngaal ne, ko ɗoo e duuɓi seeɗa tan”. Ɓeydi bone kadi, ko ɗemɗiɗiiɓe (ɗemngal ngenndiwal/farayse) ɓee kala ɓuri horsinde ko farayse. Hay so tawii noon ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji 6 e nder 12 ina kaalaa ɗemngal moore ngal e leydi hee, hay so tawii jula e fulfulde ko ɗemɗe taccikeeriije, Burkinaa waawaa laawɗinde ɗe e sawdinɗe farayse tawa umminaani caɗeele goɗɗe”.
Bookara Aamadu Bah


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Defte Kese e Ɗemngal Pulaar
Galle muulngo defte “Les Editions Papyrus Afrique” habrii maa njaltin hannde, 7 Feburye, defte nay (4) e ɗemɗe ngenndiyankeeje ngam mawninde ciftorgol maayde Seek Anta Joop. Ɗeen defte ngoni: “Norwa e Cukalel” ko deftere sukaaɓe
winndaa ko e Pulaar wallifii nde ko Baylaa Kulibali; “ Seex yi doon Wer Seen Yaay”, nde tinndoowo ŋana Jeynaba Gey ganndiraaɗo Jeewo; “Booy Pullo” ko deftere fento, wallifii nde ko Abdullaay Jah; nayaɓere ndee ko ko firo e ɗemngal seeraraare, Jime Leopold Sedar Senghor “A Kim Yook”. Papyrus Afrique ko Galle Muuloowo defte binndaaɗe e ɗemɗe ngenndiyankeeje Afrik.
Fayndaare maɓɓe ko ƴellitde binndol e coñce e ɗemɗe ngenndiyankeeje Afrik. Papyrus Afrique sosaa ko e hitaande 1996, gila ndeen fayde jooni ɓe muulii 130 deftere e nder ɗemɗe ngenndiije hiirnaange Afrik. Ooɗoo galle muulngo mo ngannduɗaa sosi ɗum kadi ardii ɗum ko Saydu Nuuru Njaay, heɓii njeenaari(prix) Alioune Diop ngam ƴellitgol muulngo e nder Afrik e 2002. O heɓii kadi njeenaari dowrowri ngenndi Senegal ngam Yellitgol muulngo e nder Senegaal e hitaande 2005. Kanko Saydu Nuuru Njaay ne o fiilaama lefol teddungal biyeteengol “Chevalier de l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres de la Republique du Senegal” e 2003. Ene jeyaa e defte ɗe Galle Muulngo Papyrus Afrique yaltini, defte Porofesoor Abuubakri Muusa Lam: “ Paalel Juumri”, Sawru Ganndal” e deftere makko waɗtindiinde nde “Fulɓe gila Heli e yooyo haa Fuuta Tooro”. Ko hono noon defte goɗɗe e Pulaar ko wayno “Jimol Maayo” ko deftere jime, wallifii nde ko Mamma Wan e deftere Kadeer Kah”Lelngo Alquraan” ko firo Quraana e ɗemngal Pulaar ɗeɓe njaltini ko ɓooyaani. Eɗen ciftina noon, Papyrus Afrique hayso ene jogii jinngol mawngol e ɗemngal Pullar ne, fayndaare maɓɓe mbiyɗen ko ƴellitide binndol e coñce e nder ɗemɗe Afrik. Ndeke noon wonaa e pulaar tan ɓe muulata. Defte keewɗe mulaama tawa ko e Wolof (Jolfe) walla Seereraare, ekn. Eɓe njogii kadi jaaynde winndeteende e Pulaar e Wolof ene wiyee Lasli/Njelbeen. Sewnde: APS


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« Guurɗo fof ko maayoowo, kono maayɗeele potaani ». Maayde Teen Yuusuf Gey, ko e ɗeen maayɗeele mawɗe, tedduɗe jeyaa, sibu golle o ɗacci. Teen Yuusuf Gey ruttinoo e joom mum ko ñalnde 2 settaambar 1988, nder kasoo laamu Maawiyya añamngureewu. Luttuɗo balɗe, duttagol maa woɗɗondiraani e duttagol ɓeen woɗɓe tedduɓe, hono Tafsiiru Jiggo (ñalnde 28 settaambar 1988) kam e woɗɓe ɓe en njejjitaani. Yuusuf Gey, baɗnooɗo nguurndam mum fof e anndinde en koye men, e mawninde pinal men, e wasiyaade kaaldigal.
Teen Yuusuf Gey jibinaa ko e hitaande 1928 to Kayhayɗi.
« Guurɗo fof ko maayoowo, kono maayɗeele potaani ». Maayde Teen Yuusuf Gey, ko e ɗeen maayɗeele mawɗe, tedduɗe jeyaa, sibu golle o ɗacci. Teen Yuusuf Gey ruttinoo e joom mum ko ñalnde 2 settaambar 1988, nder kasoo laamu Maawiyya añamngureewu. Luttuɗo balɗe, duttagol maa woɗɗondiraani e duttagol ɓeen woɗɓe tedduɓe, hono Tafsiiru Jiggo (ñalnde 28 settaambar 1988) kam e woɗɓe ɓe en njejjitaani. Yuusuf Gey, baɗnooɗo nguurndam mum fof e anndinde en koye men, e mawninde pinal men, e wasiyaade kaaldigal.
Teen Yuusuf Gey jibinaa ko e hitaande 1928 to Kayhayɗi.
O ummii ko e galle subalɓe laamotooɗo, hono « teen » en. Caggal jaŋde quraana, o naatnaa ekkol. O janngii e Liisee Blanchot e ekkol William Ponty ɗo o teskoraa ɗoon e ɗoon kattanɗe to bannge fannu coñce… Caggal ɗuum, o woni jannginoowo (instituteur) ; kono, nde tawnoo ɗuum famɗirii mo, o jokki e wiɗtude e winndude. Ko ɗum tagi, o ɓuri anndireede ko wonde daartoowo, binndoowo.
Nde o ummitii Willam Ponty, o jannginii to Kayhayɗi e Butelmiit e Sehilbaabi … Caggal ɗuum o woppi jannginde. Kanko woni koroowo duwaañ (inspecteur des douanes) gadano e Muritani, e hitaande 1957, gila leydi men heɓaani hoore mum. E hitaande 1960, o nomaa gardo gollordu (directeur de Cabinet) to ministeer kaalisaaji. Sabu nehdi makko e juumtugol golle makko, Muttaar wul Daddaa fekti mo to CEE* e maayirɗe 1961, darorɗe 1962. E darorɗe 1963 o nomaa kuuɓal gadanal ammbasaad Muritani to New York, to Amerik, o waɗtanaa heen kadi donngal goɗngal, so wonde kalfinaaɗo geɗe leydi ndii to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Gargol makko toon hawri ko ngañgu ɓaleeɓe e ndiin leydi, lebbi seeɗa ko idii sankaare Kennedy, o yanaa heen. Denndaangal dipolomaat en Afriknaaɓe wonnooɓe toon, ñiŋi nguun njangu. O arti Nuwaasoot e hitaande 1964 ngam ardaade sarwiis to Ardorde banngagol. E hitaande 1970 o waɗaa gardo kuɓtodinɗo Njuɓɓudi toppitiindi banngagol e Afirik, ndenndinnoondi 15 dowla, njooɗinoondi to Pari. Ko tuggi 1974 o faati e wiɗtooji makko to bannge daartol e coñce e yimiyankaagal. E 1977 o ardinaa goomu heblo koolol hakkunde leyɗe Afrik to Lagos. Ko ɗoon o fuɗɗii hollitde tinndinoore makko wiyeteende « les exilés de Gumel » (Daayɓe Gumel). O dañi heen daraja mawɗo sanne. Nde o ummitii toon, o waɗaa cukko gardo IMRS (Institut Mauritanien de Recherches Scientifiques : Duɗal Muritani Wiɗto Siyaas). Kono ɗuum addanaani mo woppude yeewtere makko lollunde e ɗemngal Pulaar, to Rajo Muritani. Ñalnde 25 saawiyee 1980 o filaa Teen to Kayhayɗi, o tottaa kadi silaama mum. Ɗumɗoon noon ko donngal teddungal, so wonde mawɗo leñol, deenoowo pinal e aadaaji, masloowo, jokkoowo, ñootoowo hakkunde yimɓe : oon sahaa, ɗum wayi ko no wiyeede yo reen duɗal ngal docotte mum ngoni e roytude nii, haɗa ɗum ñifde. Yuusuf Gey bonnaani jikke, sibu o yondikinaaki e haɗde duɗal ngal ñifde, o ɓamtii ngal, haa ngal lewlewti, ngal fooyni, yaynii, o duuñtiri ngal ganndal makko pinal e daartol leñol ngol, e leydi Muritani no diidorinoo.
Teen Yuusuf Gey nanngaa ko ñalnde 4 settaambar 1986, caggal bayyingol kaayit fedde wiyeteende FLAM yaltinnoo, biyeteeɗo « Manifeste du Négro-Mauritanien Opprimé » (Bayyinaango Ɓaleejo Muritani Kiiɗaaɗo), sabu makko yooɓtoreede jeyeede e winnduɓe ɗum. Jaaynde Le Calame, e tonngoode mum adannde (12 haa 19 sulyee 1993) winndii wonde « so goonga, ina sikkaa o jeyaaka e winnduɓe bayyinaango ngoo, e fawaade e ko heewɓe ceedtii. Kono jiiɓru nduu ina mawnunoo e oon sahaa, sibu ndeen, haalpulaar en kala njaggiranoo ko FLAM en… Kono hay daliilu gooto hollitaaka, ceedtotooɗo omo jeyaa heen. Ina gasa tawa ko waame politik tan nawori mo, nde tawnoo ko o neɗɗo pinal maantinɗo. » Ɗo yahanoo artaa fof o ñaawaa kasoo duuɓi nay, o dummbaa e caɗeele teeŋtuɗe. Ɗeen caɗeele ɗe kaɗaani mo jokkude e horsinde leydi makko, e miijaade jokkude golle binndol, sibu, omo miijotonoo winndude tagannde ɗiɗmere deftere makko wiyeteende « Rella ».
Teen e yahdiiɓe mum ndummboyaa ko Waalata, nder caɗeele bonɗe. ‘’Ɗum yanti e caɗeele rafi reedu ɗe o wondunoo…’’ Nii woni rafi ɓeydii waawnude. Nde o nawaa opitaal Neema, tawi hankadi ko gasatnoo gasii, Teen ruttii e joom mum ñalnde aljumaa 2 settaambar 1988. Hade ɗuum, hoohooɓe heewɓe e nder winndere ndee, kam e leyɗe keewɗe, alaa fof no mbaɗaani mbele Maawiyya ina woppita mo, kono o salii haa yoori kos. Hay seedewol sankaare makko heɓaa ko e 1991.
Ina winndaa e tonngoode Calame arwannde kaal-ɗen ndee : «Sinwaa en ina mbiya : ‘’mo aawi lekki e nguurndam mum, wuuranaani mehre’’. Konngol Teen ɓurii leɗɗe Abujaa, Bañnjagara, Duwaala, Woygiya, kam e ceene Waalata fof. Oolel tinndol makko eelnii nder kaaƴe Fuuta Jaloŋ, nder kaaƴe Fuuta Maasina, nder yupporde Fuuta Tooro. Min ceerataa e tuuɓaade e defte makko pekaan e dillere e leele. Sukaaɓe Tararsa maa kumpito e nder deftere makko « Les exilés de Goumel » jokkondire Turaad wul Sheek e Satigi Bubakar. » Ɗum jiidaa e humpitooji gonɗi e defte makko « A l’Orée du Sahel » walla « Aspects de la littérature Pulaar en Afrique occidentale », e « Rella », ɗo Safatoore e Pulaar ngonti ɗemngal gootal, yeru ɗo o winndi « Yallaali maahu vaali, so o saliima, calminee mo, so o salaaki, pellanee mo ». Ɗumɗoo noon ina maantini e binndi Teen, sibu e « deendaangal binndanɗe makko, o wayata ko no tiiɗtinoowo aarabaagal e afirikiyaagal ngal lislaam renndini ». Warkoyeeɓe, añamngureeɓe yooɓiiɓe fittaandu makko ɓee noon, ina mbaawi wastoraade mbarii aadee, kono ɓe mbaawaa warde Teen, ɓe mbaawaa haɗde ndonaandi makko pinal e ganndal layde haa bada !
« Hannde, wonaa ekkol, wonaa boowal, wonaa hay haayre, inniraa mo. Nganndu-ɗen omo haandi e ko ɓuri ɗum, sibu alaa fof ɗo o nawaani, lollinaani innde Muritani, e njilluuji makko, e defte makko. Ɗum jiidaa e ko gollanii ndi koo, ɗum jiidaa e jagge keewɗe ɗe o hebli ɗee. So leydi ndii teskoraaki mo ɗuum, ndaw haame ! ».
Bookara A. Bah
Ƴoogirde : Le Calame n°00
Tesko : CEE woni « Communauté économique européenne » (Dental Faggudu Orop) dental goodnongal ko idii nde Union européenne (Dental Orop) sosetee.


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Ko ngaadorino-ɗen nande ko “Al Qaida”, konngol arab pirowol “Ardorde”, ardorde yeeytiiɓe umminde fiyannde diine walla mbiyen jihaadi e nder aduna hee kala, mbele ina compa diine lislaam e miijo maɓɓe “goonganteejo oo, lasli oo”, ɗumɗoon noon ko gila e maayirɗe kitaale 80.
Ko ngaadorino-ɗen nande ko “Al Qaida”, konngol arab pirowol “Ardorde”, ardorde yeeytiiɓe umminde fiyannde diine walla mbiyen jihaadi e nder aduna hee kala, mbele ina compa diine lislaam e miijo maɓɓe “goonganteejo oo, lasli oo”, ɗumɗoon noon ko gila e maayirɗe kitaale 80.
Ndeen fiyannde hay so tawii laataaki no ɓe njiɗirnoo nii, haljinii aduna oo kala, ownii hakkillaaji leyɗeele mawɗe ɗee, tengiti ngal dow fof ko njangu abiyoŋaaji e nehaande New York e leydi Amerik njooɓiingu pittaali keewɗi e lewru settammburu 2001. Ɗum ina jeyaa e sababuuji ɗi Georges Bush ɓiɗɗo oo fellitiri ummitinde wolde feewde e Iraak e hitaande 2003 yooɓiinde Saddaam Huseyni e lannda baasist en. Sabu e miijo Amerik, Iraak e laamɗo mum hono Saddaam ko kam en mooli ownooɓe hakkillaaji e nder leydi mum en haa mbewi, njaaji nde mbatti bonnande heddiiɓe ɓee (Ameriik e leyɗeele hirnaange), eɗen ciftora wolde adiinde hakkunde Amerik wondude e leyɗe hirnaange kaɓɓondirɗe e mum feewde e Iraak ko e hitaande 1990 lollirnde “Tempête du désert” (Mobbooru jeereende) , sahaa nde Saddaam Huseyni maapi leydi Koweyt, Iraak riiwaa e leydi hee fawaa kuule muusɗe, won e nokkuuji e leydi paltaa ndokkaa won ndeen wellitaare (yeru leñol kurd en), ɗum ko e ñaamgolluuje Georges Bush baaba jeyanoo, nde ɓiɗɗo oo laamii hono Bush ɓiɗɗo wii “so huunde juɗaama ɓenndaani, so juɗtaama yoo hooñ », ko ɗum yooɓii Saddaam. Kono ko e hitaande 2011 gardiiɗo “Al Qaida” hono Ben Laaden waraa to leydi Afganistaan to o suuɗinoo, ɗum fof ko e golle Amerik, ɗum ne ina limtee e ñaamgolluuji Barak Obomaa.
Hol ko woni DAESH (“Dowla lislaam”)?
Winndannde men ndee toɗɗi ko ko lolliri “Etat islamique” walla Dowla lislam, ina dooɓiree e ɗemngal arab “DAESH”, ina waawi siforeede no dental goomuuji keewɗi nodditooɗi wonde jihadiyaŋkooji (yeru Al Qaida), ko ɓuri heen heewde ko gonnooɗi e nder leydi Iraak (kumpital keɓangal e won e jaayɗeeli hirnaange) e ofisiyeeji baasist en tawtawtondirɓe e kasooji caggal wolde ɗimmere e Iraak. Hay so tawii eɓe ceerti miijooji e peeje ne, tawde wonii ɓe ndenndii hasboore, ko ɗum addani ɓe rentude, ɓe ndenndini kumpital maɓɓe e gannde maɓɓe ngam tafde ngalɗoo dental.
Dowla lislaam to Irak sosaa ko hitaande 2006; ko maalde goomuuji jihadiyankooji ɗii, wondude e leƴƴi sunniyankooji (koreeji Saddaam) gonɗi e diwaan Al Anbaar hirnaange Iraak. Ndiin njuɓɓudi ardii ɗum ko Abuu Umar el Bagdaadi, nde ɓooynoo nii fedde Al Qaida ndee to Iraak saaytii e ko lolliri hannde Daesh koo. Won nde wiyaa nii hono lomto Ben Laaden, Aymaan Suhayiri bayyinii wonde Al Qaida “nattii woodde”, saaytii e nder Daesh, jihadiyankooɓe mum njantoyii e Dowla lislaaam oo. E hitaande 2013, Dowla lislaam mo Iraak wontii “Dowla lislaam to Iraak e to Fuɗirde (naange)” walla arabeeɓe mbiyi “Shaam” pooɗaniiɗo huufde leydi Iraak e Siiri, etoo yaajnaade e leyɗeele Jordanii e Arabii Saudit mbele ina ɓura tuugaade e leƴƴi sunniyankooji. Anniya “Dowla” oo ko artirde sifaaji dowlaaji ganni gila e jamaanu Abbaasiid en.
Ko ñande go’o (1) koorka hitaande 2014, bayyinaango waɗaa wonde DAESH ko kam woni Dowla kuuftidinɗo juulɓe kala (Califat) etee goomuuji jihadiyankooji kala yo ɗoofto jamirooje oon dowla.Ɗum ɗoon noon jibinii darɗe ɗiɗi : ɓee heen mbiyi njaɓii ɗuum, heddiiɓe ɓee mbiyi ngalaa heen. Ko ɓurii teskinde ko goomuuji jihandiyankooji tokoosi keewɗi ɓuri reftaade “Dowla” oo yeru ko wayi no : Majlis shuura to Libi, Jund Al Khalifa serindiiɓe Aqmi to Alaseri, goomu Okba ben Nafaa to Tinisii, Bokku Haraam to Nijeriya ekn… Ko ɓuri heewde e saliiɓe ɓee ko fedde Al Qaida ndee wondude e won hoohooɓe teeŋtuɓe diiniyankooɓe e nder aduna oo yeru : Abuu Qatada ko jihaadiyanke ganndo diine, o wiyi “Alaa hakke mo sompuɓe dowla o njogii e ko mbaɗi koo tawi ndiisnondiraani hee juulɓe aduna he kala”, Yuusef el Qardawii mawɗo “fedde annduɓe diine e winndere he” oon ne wiyi “ko ɓe mbaɗi koo ina luulndi sariya lislaam” o jokki heen “goomu ganndiraaɗo wonde ƴiiƴiijo e darnde seɓɓitiinde waawaa naftude diine”, hono Abdel Ajiiju ben Abdallaahi mufti Makka holliti ko ɓeeɗoo sompuɓe Daesh “ngoni añɓe rowrowɓe diine lislaam” sabu e miijo makko “ko juulɓe ɓuri lorde e golle maɓɓe”. E nder lewru settammburu 2015, ko ina ɓura ujunere juulɗo, yoga heen ko almameeɓe, ɓee heen ko ardiiɓe duɗe Quraana walla pelle diine ndentii to leydi Enndo mbaɗi bayyinaango ngam laaɓtinande juulɓe yiyannde mum en e oo “Dowla”, e miijo maɓɓe “golle Dowla oo ina luutondiri e diine lislaam, diine mo nganndu-ɗaa ina salii warngo kuulon ladde tawi alaa daliilu saka noon innama aadee, diine ina salii koynugol debbo… Golle Daesh ina tunwina yiyannde yimɓe feewde e lislaam e nder winndere he…”
Miijo Daesh e peeje mum
Faandaare Daesh, wonaa tan fellude ɗoo, bonna ɗoo, wara ɓee, kono ɓe njogitii ko miijo ɓurngo ɗum ɓenndude, kappanɗe goɗɗuɗe, ɗum woni waɗde feere mbele ina firta dowlaaji aarabeeɓe no mahorii jooni nii, teeŋti noon e ñemmbooɓe tippudi demokarasii ɗi mbele ina waɗtaɗi “dowlaaji tuugiiɗi tan e diine”. Ko yowitaade e ɗuum goomuuji jihadiyankooji ɗii njiɗiri seeɗa seeɗa sompude goodaangal oon dowla, ɓe mbaawna ɗum dowlaaji aarabeeɓe e dowlaaji leyɗeele hirnaange e ameriknaaɓe. Ɗum ɗoon noon ɗaɓɓi e nder miijo gooto e hoohooɓe maɓɓe hono Abuu Bakri el Naaji ko: “sarde neegre e nder renndooji juulɓe haa addana ɓesnguuli majji nattude goongɗinde laamuuji mum en, mbele ina kuccita e men sabu ɗiin laamuuji alaa no njaabtortoo neegre men ndee so wonaa neegre dow mum. So tawii en mbaɗii feere haa fof burñitiimaa, en keɓii giɗgol e ballal ɓesngu nguu, cakken peeje no kisal artiri e renndo hee, ndokkiren safaara, nguura, njogto-ɗen njuɓɓudi laamu ndii. Ɗum maa addan leyɗeele ɗe jihadiyankooɓe ngardii yaajtude, wona ɓesnguuli ɗii, jaɓde ɗum en e salaade ɗum en dowla oo fof, mbattinta ko jebbilanaade laamu diine..”, o jokki “ownude hakkillaaji añɓe men e ɓesnguuli jebbiliiɗi ɗii ko ɗum woni feere ɓurnde yumtude ngam tabitinde ngardiigu men leyɗeele ɗee. Huutoraade peeje ɓurɗe waawde hulɓinde (warngooji, caynagol yimɓe, larbagol yimɓe, taƴgol daaɗe, duppugol yimɓe, taƴgol juuɗe…) ko ɗum tan waawi tabitinde faandaare men etee ko huunde dagiinde”.
Ina jeyaa kadi e peeje Daesh waɗde feere mbele wolde nde ummini ndee ina waasa haaɗde tan e jookli aarabeeɓe ɗii e sunniyankooɓe, nde daranii ko naatnude heen leyɗe hirnaange ɗee e Ameriik, teeŋti noon e leyɗe jeyaaɗe e maalde daraniinde haɓaade ownooɓe hakkillaaji e nder aduna oo. Seedtini ɗum ko haala gooto e yooɓnaaɓe konngol maɓɓe Abuu Muhaamad el Adnaani : “So tawii on mbarii ameriknaajo walla oropnaajo, teeŋti noon e faraysenaaɓe bonɓe, jaasɓe ɓee, walla Ostaralinaaɓe e Kanadaanaaɓe e kala jeyaaɓe e maalde tuubakooɓe haɓotoonde Daesh, maa Alla yoɓ on njoɓdi moƴƴiri. Mbaree ɓe, no oɗon mbardira ɓe fof, so tawii on mbaawaani dañde conndi e kure, nanngee ameriknaajo keefeero oo, faraysenaajo keefeero oo, walla gooto e yimɓe jeyaaɓe e maalde hee, mbirnon mo jeese yimɓe, pusron hoore ndee kaaƴe walla mbardon mo paakaaji, walla ƴetton oto mon pero-ɗon mo, walla nduñon mo e ngaska, ɗeɗ-ɗon mo, walla posnon mo”.
Ko fayi arde maa en njokku e tonngooɗe f.ɓ. paaɗe njuɓɓudi dowla oo, dañal mum, konu mum e bonanndeeji mum ɓurɗi maantinde.
Gelaajo


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Ko goonga gila kitaale 1980 heewɓe ceŋanaama ɓerɗe ittaaɗe e yimɓe woɗbe. Kono gila ndeen ko ɓerɗe ɗe ndartaaki gollaade, woni dillooje, ɓeen ceŋantenoo. Ko ngol woni go’o ko neɗɗo ina seŋanee ɓernde nattunoonde dillude. Ɗum waɗaa ko to Angalteer, to opitaal Papworth Hospital mo Cambridge.
Ko goonga gila kitaale 1980 heewɓe ceŋanaama ɓerɗe ittaaɗe e yimɓe woɗbe. Kono gila ndeen ko ɓerɗe ɗe ndartaaki gollaade, woni dillooje, ɓeen ceŋantenoo. Ko ngol woni go’o ko neɗɗo ina seŋanee ɓernde nattunoonde dillude. Ɗum waɗaa ko to Angalteer, to opitaal Papworth Hospital mo Cambridge.
Ceŋanaaɗo oo wiyi “ñalnde kala miɗo ɓeydoo softude”. Doktoreeɓe ɓee mbiyi “ndeeɗoo feere hesere maa daɗndu pittaali keewɗi”. Sibu ndeen, ñawɗo ina waawi fadde duuɓi tati dañanaaka ɓernde nde seŋanaa.


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Nana Asma’u, dewbo Pullo kaɓananooɗo Wellitaare dewbo duuɓi 100, ko adii dillere Feminisma
Nana Asma’u walla Neene Asmaawu, sabu ko noon woni innde ndee tigi, ko dewbo pullo lolluɗo he nder daartol Afrik kam e daartol diine Islaam. Neene Asmaawu (1793-1864) ko ɓiy Seyku Usmaan Dan Foodiyo, diidnooɗo laamu Fulɓe Sokoto o. Ko o dewbo ganndo, joom tiiɗndi e geɗal mawngal he nder leydi Sokoto (Nigeria), keɗananooɗo kadi o wonnoo.
Omo joginoo darnde yiytiniinde he dawrugol, nehdi e mbayliigu renndo Sokoto. Kono ko addani Nana Asma’u lollude ko won’demo ganndo kuɓɓuɗo he yonta makko, tawi he oon yonta, yoga e leyɗeele biyeteeɗe hannde ƴellitiide ɗee rewɓe mum en ene ndummbaa he kasooji majjere; ngalaa hay jojjannde wootere saka noon konngol he nder dawrugol leyɗeele mum en. He ngaan tuma, oo dewbo pullo, ɓiy laamiiɗo juulɓe, tawi kanum ko ganndo kuɓɓuɗo, ceernaajo jannginoowo rewɓe e worɓe kala, kadi winndiyanke ŋana. He nder duuɓi cappanɗe nay, ko anndaa he ko o winndi ene wona cappanɗe jeegom wallifo, tawa ko ɓuri heen heewde winnda ko he ɗemngal makko neeniwal, Fulfulde, ko heddi koo ko he Arabeere e Hawsankoore.
Nana Asma’u jibinaa ko 1793, o inniraa ko Asma’ bintu Abuubakri Sidik, ko sabu huruum he oon dewbo saahibe addaniɓe noddirdemo “Neene” ngam añde soowtude innde mum. He cukaaku makko o seedinooma heen Jihaadi Fulɓe (804-808) e golwole mum en he nder leydi Hawsa, jeyɗe sabaabu darogl laamu Juulɓe Sokoto he gardagol baaba makko, Seyku Usmaan Ɓiy Foodiyo.
Nehdi e Jaŋde
Ene jeyaa he geɗe teskinɗe he noddaandu (da’wah) Seyku Usman, ko himme mo o rokkunoo jaŋde rewɓe oo. O winndi jime keewɗe he Fulfulde/Pulaar e Hawsankoore ngam hirjin’de wonnde yoo rewɓe njanngine nganndinee diine mum en Islaam. O winndi kadi ko heewi he ɗemngal Arab ngam felde seernaaɓe ɓe njannginaani ɓesnguuji mum en rewɓe ɗii, e jaabaade kadi heen woɗɓe huccinatnooɓe e makko ñiŋoore sabu ko rewɓe tawtortee waajuuji makko ko. Ko ɗuum waɗi he nder galle Seyku Usmaan jaŋde faltaaki gorko e dewbo. Ɓiyɓe nakko rewɓe ɓee njanngirta ko hono no worɓe ɓee ni. Hayso tawii ko Nana Asma’u ɓuri lollude he nder maɓɓe ne, woɗɓe ko wayno Maryam e Faatimatu, yanti e suddiiɓe galle oo ɓe, ko wayno Aysatu (A’isha) e Hawwa’u, ko anndiranooɓe won’de wallifiyankooɓe kadi e joganoode konngol he ko yowitii he dawrugol leydi ndi.
Hono no kala almuudo he ganndal Islaam he nder renndooji juulɓe ɓaleeri Afrik ni, Neene Asmaawu fuɗɗorii jaŋde ko janngude Qur’aan haa o reeni deftere Allah nde, caggal ɗuum o naatani janngude defte sariya e ɗemngal Arab e defte suufiyankooɓe haa teeŋti he Qaadiriyyah laawool ngol ɓe mbirdatnoo he ngaan tuma. Omo haalatnoo ɗemɗe nay, neenewal makko Fulfulde, Hawsankoore, Arabeere, e Tamasek (ɗemngal Tuwaareg en). Kadi omo winndatnoo he tati gadane ɗee he huwtoraade alkule ajami (alkule Arab).
Naana Asmaawu Yimiyanke kadi Jannginoowo
Laamuuji juulɓe Fulɓe ɗii kala, gila Fuuta Jalon, Fuuta Tooro haa he Sokoto, kuwtoriima jime e beyti ngam janngin’de diine e sarde tinndinooje Islaam. He nder renndo ngo woowaani huwtoraade binndol, hono no renndooji Afrik haanki ɗi nii, jime e beyti ko coñce newnatnooɗe sarde miijooji e tinndinooje ko yaawi kadi nawa ɗum en to woɗɗi tawa ko e dumunna daɓɓo. Yimre ene weeɓi huñaade kadi so joom mum ene yima, nde tawnoo heewi won’de ko daande mum dow, so goɗɗo heɗiima ɗum ene waawi kanum ne huñoraade yimre nde. Ko he ndiin ɗoon mbaydi tinndinooje Islaam carorii he nder dowlaaji juulɓe haa ɓuri teeŋtude he hiirnaange Afrik.
Nana Asma’u huwtoriima won’de mum eeltanaaɗo ɗemngal (omo haala ɗemɗe nay) e haayaneede binndol ngam wallifaade jime keewɗe e firde ballifanɗe baaba makko Seyku Usmaan ummoraade he ɗemngal Arab, o waɗti ɗum en he Fulfulde walla Hawsankoore.
Ballifanɗe Neene Asmaawu ene tinndina no ganndal makko he Islaam way yaajde e luggiɗde. Hakke cappanɗe jeegom e ballifanɗe makko ene lutti haa jooni majjaani. He ballifanɗe makko omo jaŋtoo heen ko yowitii he daartol, e toɓɓe goɗɗe ko wayno waajuuji, jeertinooje, wasiyaaji ɗiggere (piete), e jaarooje.
Nehde e Janngin’gol rewɓe
Nana Asma’u waɗi ko ɓuri heewde he nguurndam mum ko he janngin’gol rewɓe e rokkude ɗum en nehdi Islaam. Hedde 1830, o sosi dental rewɓe jannginooɓe ngal o inniri “Jajis”, Ko rewɓe ɓe o heblata kanko e hoore makko, o janngina ɗum en haa o okka ɗum en seedanfaagu. Ɓeen kanum en ne njaha he nder leydi he ene njanngina rewɓe he nder galleeji mum en tawa kuwtortoo ko binndanɗe makko e wallifooji makko. Ɓeen Jajis en ene keɓtinirtenoo e ɓuurnungal mum en keeringal. Adan, fayndaare ndee wonnoo ko janngin’de tuuburu en hesɓe ɓee holno mahortoo he Islaam, gila e ɓoornungal juulɗo haa e holno juuldetee walla holno dewe Allah goɗɗe ɗee ne ngollirte. Binndanɗe Nana Asma’u ene njannginatnoo ɗum ɗoo kala, kono kadi eɗe kirjinatnoo fayde jikkuuji suufiyankaagal e mahaade he dow Sunna, rewrude he teeŋtin’de he nder jime makko hol ko woni jikkuuji neɗɗaagu, timmal e kulol Allah. Aadee wonaa ngalu, laamu walla daraja waɗat ɗum neɗɗo. Neɗɗaagal ko kulol Allah e fiɓnde sellunde kanum e wuurde nguurndam ceniɗam tawa ko poocci ɗam. O rokka heen yeruuji keewɗi fawaade he nguurndameeje suufiyankooɓe yawtuɓe, rewɓe e worɓe wuurnooɓe nguurndam ɗiggere e ruuɗaare aduna, ko wayno mawni makko gorko, laamiɗo Juulɓe Muhammad Bello. Ko laamɗo, galo kadi ganndo, kono ko jankininooɗo newiiɗo kadi kaaraysire.
Ooɗoo daraja fof noon, haɗaano Nana Asma’u won’de dewbo desaaɗo kadi keddiiɗo he les joom galle mum. Jooma galle makko, Maalam Giɗaaɗo, ko gooto e almuuɓe Seyku Usmaan ɓadiiɓe ɗum jeyanoo. O tawtoraama golwole jihaadi Fulɓe he nder leydi Hawsa o kala, kadi winndi ko heewi he ko yowitii e daartol oon jihaadi e mahgol dowla Islaam mo Sokoto.
Ndonateeri e Daartol
Ko Nana Asma’u rontini yontaaji garɗi caggal mum ɗii wona tan jime e beyti, kono ko jikkuuji e neɗɗaagal ɗi loowdi ɗeen jime e beyi tinndinatnoo ɗii. O rontini ko janngin’de wonnde gorko e dewbo kala ndenndi fotde he kuwtorogol dokke ɗe Allah waɗi he mum en ngam haa mbaawa addude ballal mum en e mahde renndo seniingo. Renndo nuunɗal, ɗo mo woni kala ene hurmaa he neɗɗaagal mum; renndo ɗo dewbo ene waawi jogaade wellitaare janngude e gollaade tawa haɗaani ɗum suuraade he reen’de senaare mum.
He nder worgoori Nigeria, haa jooni Nana Asma’u ko ñemtinirɗo, ñemmbeteeɗo. Pelle rewɓe keewɗe e nokkuuji janngirɗi keertoronaaɗi rewɓe ko kanko innira.
Yoga e binndanɗe mako hannde nana piraa ene mbaɗtaa he ɗemɗe Oropnaaje haa teeŋti he Engele. Heewɓe kadi mbaɗii wiɗtooji walla mballifii defte he makko. Ene jeyaa heen Jean Boyd he deftere nde tiitoonde mum woni:The Caliph’s Sister: Nana Asma’u 1793–1865: Teacher, Poet and Islamic Leader (1989), e One Woman’s Jihad: Nana Asma’u, Scholar and Scribe nde wallifii ɗum Beverly B. Mack e Jean Boyd (2000).


text:
Ko ɓuri anndeede e nder ganndal koode ko nokku ɗo njeyaɗen ender aduna o. O nokku ɗo njeyaɗen ɗo, wiyetee ko Satonaange.
Hol ko woni Satonaange?
Naange ko hoodere ɓurnde fof ɓadaade en, ɓurnde fof ɓadtade leydi. Ko kayre hokkata nguleeki kuule catiiɗe nge ɗe.
Ko ɓuri anndeede e nder ganndal koode ko nokku ɗo njeyaɗen ender aduna o. O nokku ɗo njeyaɗen ɗo, wiyetee ko Satonaange.
Hol ko woni Satonaange?
Naange ko hoodere ɓurnde fof ɓadaade en, ɓurnde fof ɓadtade leydi. Ko kayre hokkata nguleeki kuule catiiɗe nge ɗe.
Satonaange, ko deental tagooje bayɗe no annama leydi nii, taarotooɗe naange. Ɗoo kadi eɗen poti faamnude yimɓe yoga e konnguɗi ɗi njogorɗen huutoraade. Heen konngol wiyetee ko "tagofeere": tagofeere (wiyetee e ɗemɗe tuubakooɓe ko "planet"), ko tagoodi Alla mbaydi no leydi nii, walla no lewru nii. Eɗum waawi ɓurde walla fotde walla jaasde leydi mawnude. Ɗum woniri e weeyo ko no leydi walla naange walla lewru ngoniri e weeyo ni. Leydi e hoore mum ko tagofeere. Tagopeeje goɗɗe ena ngoodi e aduna he, hay so Banii Aadama en njiyaaka toon tawo. Tagopeeje ɗe noon, tuubakooɓe ena njoginii ɗum en inɗe; ko ɗum waɗi, tawde en ngalanaa ɗum en inɗe, mbaawaten tan ko huutoraade inɗe ɗe. Ko leydi tan njogini-ɗen innde, mbiy-ɗen ɗum e pulaar (mbiyɗen ɗum e Fulfulde) "LEYDI". Tagopeeje banngotooɗe walla taarotooɗe naange nge ko ɗe ko 9: – tagofeereMEERKUUR, tagofeere WENUS, tagofeere LEYDI, (ndi nguur-ɗen e dow mum ndi), tagofeere MAARS, tagofeere SUPITEER, tagfeere SATUURNA, tagofeere URAANUS, tagofeere NEPTUUN e tagofeere PULUTON. Tagofeere fof ena jogii bolol mum ngol taardotoo Naange men nge.
Puɗɗorto-ɗen noon ko tagofeere ɓurnde ɓadtaade naange nge, payen to tagofeere ɓurnde woɗɗude nde.
Jooni noon ƴewen ngoɗɗeeki hakkunde tagopeeje ɗe e naange nge, caggal ɗum ƴeewen hol no ɗe mbaydi e mawneeki, caggal ɗum kadi ƴeewen njuuteeki ñalawmaaji e kitaale e dow majje.
A) Ngoɗɗeeki hakkunde tagopeeje ɗe e naange :
hakkunde Meerkuur e Naange ko kiloomeeteruuji 57910000
hakkunde Wenus e naange ko Kiloomeeteruuji 108210000
hakkunde leydi e naange ko Kiloomeeteruuji 149600000
hakkunde Maars e naange ko Kiloomeeteruuji 227940000
hakkunde Supiteer e naange ko Kiloomeeteruuji 778340000
hakkunde Satuurna e naange ko Kiloomeeteruuji 1427200000,
hakkunde Uraanus e naange ko Kiloomeeteruuji 2.869300000
hakkunde Neptuun e naange ko Kiloomeeteruuji 4498500000
hakkunde Puluton e naange ko Kiloomeeteruuji 5900000000
(Kilomeeteer ko meeteruuji ujunere, walla ujunnaje ɗiɗi diraa, tawde keew-ɗen wiyde enen fulɓe meeteer ko diraaji ɗiɗi; tawde kadi wonaa diraa tiggu, kono ko diraa kellifaaɗo timmuɗo).
B) Mawneeki tagopeeje.
Tawi ko fayti e mawneeki, walla mawngu, e nder satonaange ɓuri heen fof mawnude ko naange. Kono naange wonaa tagofeere, ko hoodere! Ma en ngartoy heen so Alla jaɓii.
Ɓuri fof mawnude e nder tagopeeje 9 ɗe, ko tagofeere Supiteer, refti heen ko Satuurna, rewi heen Neptuun, rewi heen Uraanus, rewi heen noon ko Leydi ndi nguur-ɗen e dow mum ndi, rewi heen Wenus, rewi heen Maars, rewi heen Puluton, refti heen noon ko tagofeere ɓurnde fof famɗude, wiyeteende Meerkuur. Meerkuur kadi ɓuri fof ɓadtaade naange. Ko tagopeeje ɗiɗi keedti leydi e naange : tagofeere Wenus e tagofeere Meerkuur.
Ɗee nate kollata ko jerondiral hakkunde tagopeeje : e ngal holla hol no Supiteer (walla Jupiteer) ɓurdi tagopeeje goɗɗe ɗe.
E nder sato naange ɓuri nde mawnude tan ko naange, kono naange wonaa tagofeere, ko hoodere. Tagopeeje 8 satonannge godde ɗe fof, so ndenndinaama mbaɗaama tagofeere wootere, tagofeere Supiteer ɓuri ɗum. Supiteer ne, so renndinaama e tagopeeje 8 goɗɗe ɗe mbaɗaama tagofeere wootere, Naange ɓuri ɗum ɗo woɗɗi.
Winndannde aroore: Njuuteeki ñalawmaaji e dow tagopeeje.
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Hol Umar Abdalla Wele ?
Umar Abdalla Wele, jibinaa ko 1954 to Jowol. Omo anndiraa "Baaba Loocol" (e nder galle maɓɓe), omo wiyee kadi "Barme e Kuundal" to wuro maɓɓe Jowol ɗo. Duɗal makko gadanal ko ɗoon o janngi. O janngii kadi to Kayhayɗi haa o danyi "berwe" e hitaande 1972. O heɓi bakkaa makko (BAC ‘C’ (ko fayti e hiiso) ko 1975. O neldaa Riisi ngam heɓde toon karallagal ko fayti e ganndal weeyo "aasinyoor" (1975-1981), ko fayti e "arditaare" ("Prévision). O wonii mawno metewo e hitaande 1988 to Nuwasoot ɗo. O wonii mawɗo Joorde metewo to boowol laaɗe diwooje Nuwasoot (1988-1992). O liggiima e jooɗorɗe metewo e boowe laaɗe diwooje : Caad (1992-1995), Santarafrik (1995-1997), Burkina (1997-2008).
Ko fayti e defte ɗe o winndi e Pulaar ko ɗeeɗoo : Ganndal weeyo (leydi), Ganndal koode, Deftel jime, Macungaangu. Ko fayti e Farayse, ko ɗeeɗoo defte o winndi : "Ce que je pense" (miijo makko), "Prévoir le temps pour sauver la vie" (Anndinnde ko arata ngam sowde pittaali), "le temps et la santé" (dumunnaaji e cellal aadee), "le réchauffement" (nguleeki weeyaango aduna), "A propos de la Mauritanie" (ko fayti e Murtani e kitaale caɗeele (1986-1991). (Ɗe defte fof ko baɗtateeɗe e fulfulde). O waɗɗiino jeewte e Rajo Muritani ko fayti Gannde Weeyo e Koode, ko fayti kadi e jime (e gonndigal Alhajji smakkomba Sih e Aliw Siree Bah, saaktooɓe kabaruuji). Jooni o gollotoo ko to Jooɗorde ASECNA mawnde to Ndakaaru (Senegaal).


text:
Aadama Soh yahi naworaani ñamaande Fulɓe
Pulaagu winndere, Senegaalnaaɓe haa ɓuri teeŋtude, pinirii sunaare sabu baasal gooto e ɓiyɓe leñol Fulɓe kadi paarnortonooɗo pulaagu e ɗemngal mum Pulaar. Sarɗiyanke Aadama Soh hootii he joom mum hannde Aaɓnde (Altine) 31 Juko 2020 to Kadar wuro ngo o jibinanoo ngo he nder departamaa Liŋngeeri. Aadama Soh suɓanooma won’de sarɗiyanke to batirdu ngenndi Senegaal lawɓi ɗiɗi gila he saha Abdullaay Wadda. Ko nde Makki Sal fooɗanii jappeere hooraagu leydi Senegaal o tawtoyi lannda mum. O heddiima to suudu batirdu ngenndi haa he 2017.
Aadama Soh ene lollirno wonde cuusɗo pasniiɗo hoore mum; ko o kaɓantenooɗo kala ko woni jojjannde Fulɓe, gila he ɗemngal pulaar haa e jojjanɗe aynaaɓe.
PulaarOnline Network (binndipulaar.com, planetfulbe.com, suudubaaba.home.blog) ene yanta he ɓiyɓe leñol ngol fof ngam duwanaade mo nde Allah yurmotoomo, yaafoomo bakkatuuji makko waɗtamo e malaaɓe. Yoo Malaykaaji yurmeende njaɓɓomo, koɗnoyamo to aljanna ɓurɗo toowde yaa barke ndee ɗoo ñalnde Aaɓnde malaand. Min nduwaniima ɓesngu makko kadi min nduwaniima Fulɓe winndere kala.


text:
NO MATTA YOTTINIRI LINJIILA ON NON
1
Taariika fii Iwdi Iisaa Almasiihu on
1 Taariika iwdi Iisaa *Almasiihu mo Daawuuda mo Ibraahiima.
2 Ko Ibraahiima jibini Issaaqa, Issaaqa jibini Yaaquuba, Yaaquuba jibini Yahuuda e musiɓɓe mun ɓen, 3 Yahuuda kadi jibini Faarisa e Zaaraha, tawi yumma ɓen no wi'ee Tamaaru. Faarisa jibini Hasruunu, Hasruunu jibini Araama, 4 Araama jibini Ammiina-Daaba, Ammiina-Daaba jibini Nahasuuna, Nahasuuna jibini Salmaana, 5 Raabi* jibinani Salmaana Bo'aaza, Rugiyata jibinani Bo'aaza Obiida, Obiida jibini Yassaa'u, 6 Yassaa'u jibini Daawuuda lanɗo on, oo wonnooɗo ɓeyngu Uriyaa jibinani mo kanko Daawuuda Sulaymaana.
7 Sulaymaana jibini Rahabaama, Rahabaama jibini Abiiya. Abiiya jibini Asaa, 8 Asaa jibini Yuhusaafata, Yuhusaafata jibini Yuuraama, Yuuraama jibini Uziiya, 9 Uziiya jibini Yotaana, Yotaana jibini Ahaaza, Ahaaza jibini Hazikiiya, 10 Hazikiiya jibini Manase, Manase jibini Amuunu, Amuunu jibini Yuusiya, 11 Yuusiya jibini Yeekoniya e musiɓɓe mun ɓen fewndo egginegol naɓee *Baabiila.
12 Ɓawto egginegol naɓee Baabiila ngol, Yeekoniya jibini Sa'alti'iila, Sa'alti'iila jibini Zarubaabila, 13 Zarubaabila jibini Abiyuuda, Abiyuuda jibini Alyaqiima, Alyaqiima jibini Aazuru, 14 Aazuru jibini Saduuqa, Saduuqa jibini Akiima, Akiima jibini Eliyuuda. 15 Eliyuuda jibini Eliyaasaru, Eliyaasaru jibini Mataana, Mataana jibini Yaaquuba. 16 Yaaquuba jibini Yuusufu moodibbo Mariyama on, on jibinnooɗo Iisaa wi'aaɗo Almasiihu on.
17 Gila e Ibraahiima haa e Daawuuda, fow mun hawri jamaanuuji sappoo e nay. Gila e Daawuuda kadi haa e egginegol naɓee Baabiila hawri jamaanuuji sappoo e nay. Gila egginegol naɓee Baabiila kadi haa e Almasiihu on ko jamaanuuji sappoo e nay.
Fii Jibineede Iisaa Almasiihu on
18 E hino no Iisaa Almasiihu on jibiniraa. Tawi ko Yuusufu ƴami Mariyama yumma makko. Ado ɓe yiidude, tawi kanko jiwo on ko o sowiiɗo e dow bawgal *Ruuhu Seniiɗo on. 19 Tawi Yuusufu, on ƴamuɗo mo, ko gorko feewuɗo, hari o faalaaka mo wirtude, o miijii accitugol mo e nder gundoo.
20
Nde tawnoo himo miijii ɗun, malaa'ikaajo Joomiraaɗo on feeɲani mo e koyɗol, wi'i mo: «Yuusufu mo Daawuuda, wota a hulu ƴettugol Mariyama, o wona ɓeyngu maa, ko fii ɓiɗɗo mo o saawi on ko immorde e Ruuhu Seniiɗo on. 21
O heɓoyay ɓiɗɗo, innoyaa mo Iisaa, ko fii ko kanko dandoyta jamaa makko on lette junuubaaji maɓɓe ɗin.» 22
Ɗun fow waɗiri fii ko Joomiraaɗo on daalirnoo annabaajo on kon no laatora, wonde: 23
«Awa, jiwo mo andaali gorko on reeday, o firtoo boobo gorko, o innee Imanu'iila.» Ko woni firo ɗun ko: ‹Alla no wondi e men.›a
24 Ɓay kanko Yuusufu o finii, o waɗi ko malaa'ikaajo Joomiraaɗo on yamiri mo kon, o ƴetti ɓeyngu makko, o addi ka makko. 25 Kono laatii o yiidaali e debbo on haa nde o firtinoo on ɓiɗɗo gorko, o inni mo Iisaa.


text:
Kuɗon (fuɗɗoode ñiiƴe) e ƴiye bagge e leeɓi. Ko ɗum woni ko doktoreeɓe seekooɓe tawi e nder hoore ceemeedo ameriknaajo jahroowo e 26 hitaande mo ɓe oppirnoo.
Kanko Yamini Karaman ko o keblatnooɗo doktoraa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Indiana (Dental Dowlaaji Amerik). O fuuɗɗii faayde hoore makko ko nde o teskii o waɗtii dañde caɗeele faamde ko o tarata (janngata) walla ko o nanata koo.
Kuɗon (fuɗɗoode ñiiƴe) e ƴiye bagge e leeɓi. Ko ɗum woni ko doktoreeɓe seekooɓe tawi e nder hoore ceemeedo ameriknaajo jahroowo e 26 hitaande mo ɓe oppirnoo.
Kanko Yamini Karaman ko o keblatnooɗo doktoraa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Indiana (Dental Dowlaaji Amerik). O fuuɗɗii faayde hoore makko ko nde o teskii o waɗtii dañde caɗeele faamde ko o tarata (janngata) walla ko o nanata koo.
« Nde doktoreeɓe cunnii mo, ɓe mbiyi aɓe cikki won ko saawii nder ngaandi makko, alaa e sago o oppiree » e fawaade e ko jaaynde Sciences et Avenir saakti ñalnde alkamiisa 23 abriil 2015.
Ndeen o oppiraama to Los Angeles, doktoor ceekoowo oo mugaa najoore sibu o tawi e nder hoore ceemeedo hee ko « funeere mum mo saawdanoo e reedu » : tiggu mo tagdaaka nder hoore funeere mum ! Ko “jalluɗi celule « paljuɗi nder ngaanndi”… Ɗum noon ko jalluɗi celule palji nder ngaanndi makko, nde o woni nder reedu ndee. Oppiroowo oo wiyi : « Mi ittii 7 000 haa 8 000 nguɗu ngaanndi kono ko ngol woni ɗiɗmol ko miɗo hawwra e ko wayi nii » Yamini Karaman noon ko malaaɗo sibu oppeer makko oo moƴƴii sanne. Ooɗoo sahaa o ɗiftii.


text:
Muritani e Senegaal nanondirii gollodaade woyndu gaas yiytaandu e keerol mum en, inniraandu “Grande Tortue, Ahmeyim”, e feccude hakkunde rip, kala ko dañaa heen.
Leyɗe ɗiɗi ɗee ciifondirii kadi nanondiral ɗiɗmal panndanoongal ko ɓooyi, paatungal e awooɓe senegaalnaaɓe.
Jamma talaata 22 jofi alarba 23 saawiyee 2019, parlemaa Muritani jaɓii nanondiral gollodaade woyndu gaas ngal laamuuji leyɗe ɗiɗi ɗee ciifnoo ñalnde 9 feebariyee 2018 to Nuwaasoot. Ñalnde 21 desaambar 2018 kadi, laamuuji leyɗe ɗiɗi ɗee ciifdiino nanondire cakkitiiɗe ngam gollodaade e yeñtinidde gaas jiytaaɗo nder geec e keerol hakkunde leyɗe ɗiɗi ɗee.
Ñalnde 21 desaambar 2018, laamuuji leyɗe ɗiɗi ɗee ciifdii nanondire cakkitiiɗe ngam gollodaade e yeñtinidde gaas jiytaaɗo nder geec e keerol hakkunde leyɗe ɗiɗi ɗee. Woyndu gaas nduu wiyetee ko «Grande Tortue Ahmeyim» (GTA), e ndu waɗi ko ina abboo e 450 miliyaar m3 gaas. Muritani e Senegaal pelliti ko feccude hakkunde rip kala ko dañaa heen. Makki Sal hollitii, e yeewtere waɗdunoo e jaaynooɓe ñalnde 31 desaambar 2018 ndee, wonde waɗi leyɗe ɗiɗi ɗee feccude rip ko fawaade e “natal lelngo feto gaas ngoo ƴettaanoongal ko adii”. O wiyi kadi, kanko e persidaa Asiis, aɓe ngoƴaa “kisnugol deeƴre e kisal gonngal hakkunde ɓesnguuji men ɗiɗi ɗii. Duuɓi joy kala, maa ƴeewndo haralleewo waɗe ngam ƴeewtaade lelngo sewnde ndee ngam yahdinde heen geɗal leydi kala foti heɓde heen”. Ɗuum waɗi ko e njillu Makki Sal, hooreejo leydi Senegaal, waɗi e Muritani ñalnde aljumaa 21 desaambar 2018. Sikke alaa ngalɗoo nanondiral gollodaade ko huunde mawnde wonande ɓesnguuji Muritani e Senegaal.
Ñalnde 19 desaambar kadi, jaagorɗe awo Senegaal e Muritani ciifdii nanondiral dokkowal awooɓe senegaalnaaɓe 400 yamiroore awo, potɗe hesɗitineede hitaande kala. Kala ko ɓe nanngi ɓe ƴeeŋtinta ɗum ko yeeso haralleeɓe awo muritaninaaɓe. Laamu Senegaal huniima ƴettude kala peeje mbele arooɓe ɗo Ndar ɗoo « huufde e reende » ko ƴeeŋtintee koo, ina toppitee no moƴƴi. Ngalɗoo nanondiral ko kabaaru belɗo wonande awooɓe Ndar, kono kadi ko kabaaru belɗo wonande Muritaninaaɓe, haɗtinooɓe liɗɗi gila awooɓe senegaalnaaɓe toowtinaa. Ina hollitaa e nanondiral ngal wonde “gollooɓe awo muritaninaaɓe ina njamiraa hasde laaɗe awo senegaalnaaɓe e kaɓirɗe mum en, ngam huuɓnude soklaaji cakkudi Muritaninaaɓe”. BAB


text:
Alfaa Yaayaa
Alfaa Yaayaa Jallo ko lamɗo diiwal Labe wonnoo, fewndo dawla alsilamaaku Fuuta Jaloo. Diiwal Labe ngal laatino fayda feccere Fuuta Jaloo, hakkee ko ngal yaajunoo, tentii ɓaawo dahugol leyɗeele janane wano leydi Seɓɓe (Manndinkooɓe) Ngaabu.
O jibinaa e hitaande 1850, geɗal Kumanco ɓiɗɗo debbo lamɗo Ngaabu on Janke Waali. O etii sortugol diiwal makko ngal e laamu Timmbo ngun. O tawano e janfiiɓe Almaami Bookar Biro ɓen. Nde o tawnoo Faransiiɓe ɓen eɓɓii dahugol Fuuta yewa laamu Almaamiiɓe ɓen, o ndaari no o gollidira e maɓɓe fii no o danndira laamu makko ngun. Ko nden faljere mawnde heɓunoo ardiiɓe Fuuta ɓen heewɓe e ngun jamaanu: ɓe anndaa feere bonnde Faransiiɓe ɓen ko "diviser pour régner" (waddindira laamoo), e maanaa ko addugol lurral hakkunde ɓiɓɓe leydi fii no joɗɗinira njaggu mun e hoore maɓɓe. Nde Faransiiɓe ɓen foolunoo Bookar Biro ka hare Pooredaaka e hitaande 1896 ɓe immanii follirgol lamɓe diiwe wallunooɓe ɓe gooto gooto kanyun e seekugol leyɗe maɓɓe watta pattaloy pattaloy. E hitaande 1905 ɓe janfii Alfaa Yaayaa ɓe egginiri mo Dahome. Ɓaawo ɗun ɓe artiri mo Fuuta kono o fuɗɗii eɓɓindaade fii dartagol laamu Porto ngun. Portooɓe ɓen huli darja makko huli wota o murtin leydi ndin. Ɓe nanngiti mo ɓe egginiri mo ngol ɗoo laawol Moritani. Ko ɗon o faatii e hitaande 1912. 1969 laamu PDG (Seeku Tuuree) artiri furee makko on kanko e Almaami Saamori Gine. Hiɓe belnaa berɗe Kamerun ka laamorde Konaakiri. Yimre ngenndiyankoore (Hymne National) Gine nden ko e gimol "Deemankan" tuugii: ko jeliiɓe Manndinkooɓe yimannoo Alfaa Yaayaa ngol gimol. Hannde hannde Gine no semmbini fii Alfaa Yaayaa ƴettiri mo wa ŋanaajo leydi ndin mawɗo kono taariika makko on hollitii wonnde himo tawaa e bonnunooɓe dawla mo Karamoko Alfaa sincunoo on sabu ko lurre e janfaaji hakkunde yeesooɓe Fuuta ɓen to qarnu 19aɓo lo'ini tugale on dawla udditani kolonaaku laawol.
References[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]
- Richard Andrew Lobban, Jr. and Peter Karibe Mendy, Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, 3rd ed. (Scarecrow Press, 1997), p. 72 Modèle:ISBN
- Thierno Diallo, Alfa Yaya, roi du Labe (Fouta Djallon) (Dakar, 1984) Modèle:ISBN page with book cover


text:
E Innde Alla jom yurmeende Aduna e wattannde. Daartol jibineede Annabi Ismayiila (JKM) ummoraade e haajara. Kanko Ibraahiim, laatiima nde o wonno to leydi Bayti Elmakdis, o duumii toon ko ina tolnoo e duuɓi noogaas, omo wonndi toon e hono jom suudu makko gadano inna wiyee Saarata, oon woni mo o ɓuri ɓooydude, oon wiyi mo kanko annabi Ibraahiima (JKM) “miin de hankadi, haadi en ngonndii ko foti nii juutde mi jibinaani, ma a taw ko Alla toowɗo oo, ko kañum haɗi mi jibinde ɓinngel, ɗuum noon waɗ feere naataa e leñol am ngol, ƴeewaa heen cuddiiɗo mbele Alla hokka en heen ɓinngel.”
Ibraahiim, (JKM) jaɓani mo ɗumɗoon. Annabij Ibraahiim (JKM) felliti ƴeewde dewbo goɗɗo ngam dañde ɓiɗɗo, o yiilii e nder leñol Haajara en ngol haa o yiyti Haajara yo mbelemme Alla won e mum (MAM), Annabi Ibraahiim (JKM), resi Haajara. Ndeen o resii Haajara e nder ɗuum Haajara mooɓani mo reedu ɓiyii ɓe Annabi Ismaayiila (JKM).
E Miijo annduɓe maɓɓe e oon yonta, ɓe mbiyi : “ndeen Haajara mooɓi reedu Ismaayila tan, hoodere mum ɓamtii no feewi, jimme mum ɓeydii, ko haala mum tan haalate.” Caggal ɗuum, Saarata jamirnooɗo jom galle mum Annabi Ibraahiima (JKM), yo ƴeewoy debbo goɗɗo, kañum ne kiraam naati ɗum ngam ina wayi no o yejjitaama, o wullitii ɗuum to jom galle makko annabi Ibraahiim (JKM), Annabi Ibraahiima wiyi mo “ndeeɗoo ɓamtaare e ƴellitaare e jimme nde Haajara heɓi, ɗum ko Alla toowɗo oo waɗi ɗuum, wonaa miin waɗi ɗuum.” Annabi Ibraahiima wiyi mo, “jooni kay, haadi a saliima ko kaal-mi koo, yah, waɗ ko mbaawɗa e makko.”
Ndeen Haajara nanii ndeen daande nde Annabi Ibraahiima haali, o huli o dogi o yalti galle oo e wuro ngoo, o fayi to yitere wootere ina wonnoo e les naɗde Minaa, o suuɗoyii toon. Alla toowɗo oo neli Maleyka gooto e Maleykaaji mum e mbaydi neɗɗaŋke feewde e makko kanko Haajara, Maleyka oo tawi mo toon, wiyi mo : “oto hul, waɗi mi wiyde noon ko Alla toowɗo oo, ina waɗi moƴƴere e ooɗoo ɓiɗɗo mo caawɗa. Jooni, njamir-maa-mi ko yo a rutto to ngonno-ɗaa, hay huunde alaa ko waawi e maa ɗoon, etea ma jibin ɓiɗɗo gorko inniraa ɗum Ismaayiila. Soko Alla jaɓii, maa o won muumanteeri yimɓe kala, maa junngo makko fawo e dow yimɓe kala, etee maa o jogtoyo denndaangal leyɗeele musidaaɓe makko.” Ndeen Haajara nanii ɗeen jeertinanɗe e wasiyaaji ummoraade e ooɗo Maleyka, o weltii heen sanne, o yetti Alla no feewi, o ruttitii ɗo o wonnoo.
Daartiyaŋkooɓe Diinaaji mbiyi : “e nder weltinannde nde maleyka oo weltiniri Haajara ndee, ko ɗum rewi haa yettii Nelaaɗo Alla Mohammed (JKM), ɗum teddinori heen leñol arabeeɓe.” Kamɓe annduɓe ɓee kadi, ɓe mbiyi : “nde Annabi Ismaayiila Jibinaa ndee, e oon tuma tawi Annabi Ibraahiima ina yahra e duuɓi capanɗe jeetati e jeegom, ko adii jibineede Annabi Ishaaq duuɓi soppo e tati”, kono ɗoon ina waɗi luural hakkunde yoga e annduɓe daarti Annabaaɓe so ko Alla jaɓii ma en paamoy ɗum e ko faayi arde.
Hono ganndo biyateeɗo Sadi wiyi: “dental annduɓe diinaaji ina luurondiri to bannge kirsegol Annabi Ismaayiila e Annabi Ishaaq, ngam won heen mbiyi : ko Ishaaq wiyano ina hirsee, kono ɗumɗoon ɓuri fooɗtude ɗum ko joom defte en adinooɓe, kono ko ɓuri lollude koo, ko Ismaayiila (JKM), ɗum noon ko ummoraade e ɗemɗe yoga e Arabeeɓe waɗi noon ko eɓe noddiratnoo Annabi Mohammed (JKM) oo “eeyey maa, ɓiyi jom kirse ɗiɗi”, waɗi noon ko yimɓe ɗiɗo meeɗi hirsaneede ngam soodteede, ɓeen ngoni ɓeeɗo : Abdullaahi oon woni baaba mum Nelaaɗo Alla Mohammed (JKM) ngam taaniiko Abdul-muɗalabi hirsanino Abdaallaahi teemedere ngelooba ngam takkere nde waɗnoo, goɗɗo oo ko Annabi Ismaayiila.
Hono Ibnu Abbaas (MAM) wiyi: hono Annabi Ibraahiima meeɗii waɗde takkande Alla toowɗo oo, kanko tan e hoore makko o wiyi: “so mi dañii ɓiɗɗo gorko, mo mi hirsu ɗum ngam ɓadtoraade Alla toowɗo oo”, nde yahi haa ɗum juuti o yejjiti takkere nde o waɗatnoo Alla ndee.
Hono ganndo biyateeɗo Sadi wiyi : “Alla toowɗo oo hokki Annabi Ibraahiim ɓiyum Ismaayiila ko ɓuri duuɓi capanɗe tati ko adii jibineede Annabi Ishaaq (JKM). Koyɗol Annabi Ibraahiima (JKM) : ɗoon ɗo Ibraahiima tinaani maataani ina ɗaanii haa woodi ko wiyi mo “eehey maa Ibraahiima, Alla Toowɗo oo yamirii ma yo a huuɓnu takkere nde takkuno-ɗa ndee, so hirsude ɓiye tawa kirsir-ɗaa ɗum ko junngo maa.” Annabi Ibraahiim, wiyi ngirñet, o ummii omo wayi no kulɗo nii, waɗi noon ko ɗum arii e makko e nder jammaaji jeeɗiɗi deggondirɗi.
Hono Sadi wiyi kadi : “ndeen Annabi Ibraahiim tiiɗii e mum pellital hirsude ɓiyum Ismaayiila, o noddi Ismaayiila o wiyi ɗum: “ƴettu ɓoggol e jaasi”, Ismaayiila wiyi mo : “aan kam ko mbaɗataa ɗee geɗe ɗiɗi”? Annabi Ibraahiim wiyi mo “mbiɗo hirsoya njawdi ngam ɓadtoraade Alla toowɗo oo”. jooni noon kanko e ɓiyiiko Ismayiila ɓe occitii ɓe payi lakde, ɓe njahi haa ɓe ngari e les wimmbo haayre Saasa anmbara e nadde Minaa ndee, ndekete yoo Ibiliis mo Alla huɗi oo, feeñanii Annabi Ismaayiila e mbaydi mawɗo nayeejo mo leeɓi daneeji, kanko Ibliis o wiyi Ismaayiila (JKM) “aan kam Ismayiila oto payɗaa ?” Ismaayiila wiyi mo : “mbiɗo yahda e baaba am ngam ɓaɗtinoyde ɗum Alla toowɗo oo”. Caggal ɗuum, Ibliis mo Alla huɗi oo, wiyi: “eehey maa Ismaayiila ! Aan kam, aɗa anndi ko ngoolɗoon ɓadtagol ko woni ?” Annabi Ismaayiila wiyi mo alaa. o wiyii o yiɗi ko hirsude ma, miin noon ko mi deentinoowo ma tan. Refti heen ko Annabi Ismaayiila wiyi mo kanko Ibliis, “eehey maa Ibliis, aan kam, baabam Waɗiri ɗum ko ngam hoore mum walla ko ngam yamiroore Alla ?” Ibliis jaabii wiyi : “ko ngam yamiroore Alla.” Ismaayiila wiyi I bliis : “so tawii kirsugol ngol ko yamroore Alla, hol no calortoo-mi ɗuum, mi wawaa salaade ɗuum mbiɗo woofa Alla.” E dow ɗumɗoo Ibliis hersi, ruttii to woonno kono deeƴaani, ɓe njehi seeɗa tan Ismaayiila (JKM) , yeeƴii caggal mum haa yiyi Ibliis mo bone rewi oo ina ara caggal maɓɓe. O hocci haayre o weddii Ibliis, Ibliis ruttii. Ɓe ɓosi seeɗa kadi, Ibliis abbii ɓe, o yeccitii haa o yiyi Ibliis ina ara, o turii o hocci haayre o weddii ɗum, Ibliis dogi ruttii, ko noon ɓe ngoniri kanko Ismaayiila e Ibliis kuɗaaɗo oo, haa timmi laabi jeeɗiɗi. Ko ɗum woni kaaƴe jeeɗiɗi, ɗe kala hajjiyaŋke weddotoo ɗee gila ndeen haa jooni. Kono Ibliis woppaani ɓe, o faloyii ɓe to ɓe payi too.
Ndeen Annabi Ibraahiima e ɓiyum njettiima les wimmbo haayre ndee, Annabi Ibraahiim jooɗii, o wiyi : “ee hey maa Ismaayiila;” Ismaayiila wiyi mo : “eey baabooy am”, o wiyi : “miin dee ko Alla toowɗo oo lonngini mi e nder ɗoyli pecce jamma yo mi hirse ngam ɓadtoraade ɗum, etee mi yiyii ɗum e nder jammmaaji jeeɗiɗi deggondirɗi, jooni noon ƴeew no njiyir-ɗaa ɗum.” Jaabawol ngol, e no Alla wiyri ɗum e nder Ɓuraana tedduɗo oo : “joom am, hokku am ummoraade e moƴƴuɓe (100), min mbeltiniri mo cukalel kormangel (102).” Ndeen ngeel yontii, o wiyii “eehey maa ɓinngel am, miin de mi yiyii e nder ɗoyli mbiɗo hirsu maa, ƴeew no njiyir-ɗa” o wiyii “aan baabooy am, waɗ ko njamira-ɗaa ma a taw am e weleede Alla ummoraade e moƴƴinooɓe (102),” simoore saafaati, ndeke, ko ɓe njewtata koo fof Ibliis ina heɓi dow ina toŋŋinii ina heɗoo ko ɓe kaaldata. Ibliis wiyi : “alaa e sago mi annda ooɗoo fiyaaku ɗo joofata.”
Lelnugol Annabi Ibraahiim (JKM), ɓiyum Ismaayiila ngam haɓɓude juuɗe e koyɗe mum: Annabi Ismaayiila (JKM), nanngii Ismaayiila lelnii ɗum, o lelniri ɗum bannge ñaamo, o haɓɓi juuɗe ɗee e koyɗe ɗee, Ismaayila wiyi : “hoto haɓɓu juuɗe am e koyɗe am, hoto Maleykaaji mbiyde mi hulii walla mi saliima yamiroore joomiraaɗo jom baawɗe oo”, kono Annabi ibraahiim heɗtaaki ɗiin konnguɗi ina jokki golle mum, o ƴetti jaasi kii o fawi ɗum e goddol Ismaayiila, o woni e hirsude, o hirsi haa o tammpi, o ndaari jaasi kii o wiyi ma a taw ki welaani, o woogi ki e kaaƴe hee haa ki waɗti ɗeeɗde mo, o ruttitii e Ismaayiila, ina lelii ɗo gootel wawaa dillude, o woni kadi e hirsude haa o tammpi, hay huunde fofaani e daande ndee, caggal ɗuum Ismaayiila wiyi mo, “eehey maa baabooy am, hippu e dow gite am ɗee huunnde so wonaa ɗum so aɗa yiya gite am ɗee a yurmoto mi”, Ibraahiim (JKM) ƴetti huunde fawi e dow gite ɗee, o ƴettiti jaasi kii o woni e hirsude, o ñoƴƴi jaasi kii doole omo hirsa, hay huunde fofaaki e goddol ngol, o ƴeewi jaasi kii tan o seki o weddii ki sara maɓɓe. Ndeen o weddima jaasi kii tan, Alla toowɗo oo haalni jaasi kii, ki wiyi : “eeheey maa Ibraahiim, miin ngon-mi ko e hakkunde jamirooje ɗiɗi ceertuɗe, Sehil Alla ina wiya yo mi taƴ daande, Alla ina wiya mi hoto taƴ, etee miin noon keedtu-mi ko to bannge Alla toowɗo oo wonaa to bannge sehil Alla”; e konngol Alla e nder Ɓuraana tedduɗo oo: “ndeen ɓe njebbiliima omo leelii ɗo gootel (103) min noddi mo “eehey ma Ibraahiim” (104) a goongɗii e yiyannde maa, minen noon ko hono nii min njoɓirta moƴƴuɓe” (105) simoore saafaati, kaawise:101ha 105 . Ɗoon ɗo Ibraahiim ndarii jaasi kii ina haalana mo ko haɗi ɗum taƴde goddol Ismaayiila, ibraahiim woni e miijaade ko jaasi kii walla laɓi haala ko, o roŋki jebbilaade heen, o miiji yo a taw wonaa Ibliis mo Alla bonni o soomii ɗoon, o ruttiti o ƴettiti laɓi kii, o woni e hirsude Ismaayiila no o hirsiratnoo, Maleykaaji Asamaan e leydi e denndaangal muumunteewon ndilli ngoni e jebbilaade ɗo Alla ceniiɗo ina ñaago ina mbiya, “eehey maa joomiraaɗo jom baawɗe e kattanɗe, yurmo ooɗo nayeejo moƴƴo e ngelɗo cukalel teddungel.” Alla ceniiɗo toowɗo oo neli Jibiril mo kisal woni e mum oo, ina jogii njawdi haa yettii, o teeɓtii e junngo Ibraahiim joginoongo laɓi ngoo, o wiyi Ibraahiim : “ndah njawdi nani ngam coodtiigu Ismaayiila. A timminii fodoore maa, e takkere maa”.
Hono ganndo ina wiyee Saalabi wiyi : “ko ɗumɗoo woni hankadi layya waɗɗinaa e dow juulɓe hattanɓe.” Naamndal hol ko tagi e nder coodtiigu nguu Alla addanaani Ibraahima ngelooba walla ngaari ɓuri mawnude, o addani mo ko njawdi ? Jaabawol mum ko nii wayi : waɗi noon ko nde Ibraahiim yamiri ɓiyum Annabi Ismaayiila yo addoy ɓoggol e laɓi ndee, Ismaayiila naamndii baaba mum hol ko waɗata ɗee geɗe ɗiɗi, Ibraahiim wiyi mo : “mbiɗo hirsoya njawdi,” ko ɗuum waɗi Alla toowɗo oo, teeŋtini konngol sehil mum.
Jibiril Muusaa Joob
tonngoode: 46 56 51 10/ 22 80 27 45


text:
ñalawma teddiniraaɗo e nder windere nden dowlingol jam
Saakitaama ñannde : Hesɗintinaama ñannde :
Alarba ñande go’o e lewru go’o aburdu hitaande ujunaaji ɗiɗi e noogay woni ñalawma teddiniraaɗo e nder windere nden dowlingol jam e balal ardiiɓe diine issayankooɓe.
Ɗum noon men njeewtid e biyeteeɗo Fari Silla. Wonno en naati e hitaande hesere, men ƴeccito caggal ngam ndaarde holko ɓuri teeŋtude e hitaande ɓennude nde. Hono leyɗe Afirik keɓirta jam ? Holno korirten jeewte e jiitondiral e nder nokkuuji karelli ɗi ? Hol waajuuji poti waɗeede mbela mbaawen duumaade e jam ?
Men njokkoɗir kadi e Abdulaay Dikko, jooɗaniiɗo Rfi Fulfulde to Mali.
E joofugol yewtere Hawwa Sek, naalanke jeyaaɗo leydi Moritani mawɗo Gawla Senerim ma haal holko yii e naalankaagal


text:
Lefol Almameeɓe
Miijo yo Fuuta ɓooro e kalfaandi, ndi wondi ndi, feewjaa ko to wiyetee Pir Sañakuru e nder diiwaan Kajoor Senegaal. Ko duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde mawngal wonnoo toon. Fannuuji keewɗi, caggal ŋuraana ina njanngee e maggal. Jannginatnoo ngal, e oon sahaa, ko biyeteeɗo Amar Faal. Ɓiɓɓe Fuutankooɓe heewɓe njanngii e maggal:
– Ceerno Suleymaani Baal
– Saydu Usmaan Muktaar Taal (baaba mum Sayku Umarul Fuutiiyu)
– Abdul Kariimu Jaawanndo to Seeno Paalel
– Elimaan Buubakar Kan to Dimat
– Abdul Ŋaadiri Kan mo Koɓɓillo Jaawɓe
– Abdarahmaani Sal lollirɗo Daramaani-teenanta-janngooɓe to Jannjooli
– Baylaa Pereejo Soh ena jeyaa Haawre
– Alfaa Amar Siidi Yero Buso mo Hoyre Foonde Cile Bummuy Njaay
– Ceerno Haamiidu ena jeyaa Soorinngo
– Ceerno Moolle Lih to Cilon
– Ceerno Raasin ena jeyaa Cilon
– Elimaan Rinnjaw Ac to Rinnjaw Beeli Moodi
Feeñnini miijo yo Fuuta o ɓooro e kalfaandi ndi wondi ndi ko Ceerno Suleymaani Baal. Ndeen miijo ngo ɓenndii, o holliti ngo janngidiiɓe makko fuutankooɓe. Ɓe ngummii toon, ɓe ngarti e Fuuta e hitaande 1768, ɓe ndenndoyi Hoyre Foonde e galle Alfa Amar Siidi Yero Buso. E oon sahaa, gaagaa nii teddeendi lefol Deeniyankooɓe ngol, won e leƴƴi Safalɓe woɗeeɓe ena nanngatnoo Muudo Hormo e dow Fuutankooɓe. Won e maɓɓe kadi ina konatnoo jawɗeele walla ina ndahatnoo sukaaɓe Fuutankooɓe. Tuubakooɓe kadi, tawi mbaɗtiino somaade e dahde ɓaleeɓe ina njeeytoya to duunde Amerik.
Ñalnde heen Batu Hoyre Foonde ngu tonngi ko toɓɓe tati wonande ginol golle mum:
1- haɓde e kalfaandi safalɓe
2- liɓde lefol Deeniyankooɓe
3- dartinde njeeygu ɓiɓɓe fuutankooɓe
Nii woni ɓe ngummii e ɓuuɓri, ɓe ndarii e naange. Gooto udditi duɗal ŋuraana e galle baaba mum. Suleymaani Baal woni gardiiɗo geɗe ɗe, jogii jokkondiral hakkunde terɗe Batu ngu.
Ñalawma gooto, omo yahi jokkondirde e Elimaan Rinnjaw haa o hawri e arnooɓe sermitaade Muudo Hormo ina ngari, ina puɗɗii tampinde yimɓe nokku o. Luural ɓilii hakkunde makko e maɓɓe, o wari mawɗo o, heddiiɓe ɓe ndogi. Safalɓe ɓe ngoppiraani noon kono ɓe mbettaani fuutankooɓe. Wolde Muudo Hormo duumiima fotde duuɓi 7 haa 8. Ko heen o heddii kanko Ceerno Suleymaani Baal e hitaande 1775 to Jiinge Tummbere. Lomtii mo ko Abdul Ŋaadiri Kan mo Koɓɓillo Jaawɓe
- Darnde e Maayde Abdul Ŋaadiri Kan
Abdul Ŋaadiri Kan jibinaa ko e heedde hitaande 1725 to diiwaan Sin e nokku ɗo wiyetee Pafweerma. Jinnaaɓe makko ndawi ko e nder Boosoya e wuro wiyeteengo Koɓɓillo Jaawɓe. Hade makko yahde to Pir Sañakuru, o janngii e Safalɓe to diiwaan Tararsa e hinnde Wulaad Deymaan en. O ɓurnoo tarbinaade ko e debbo gooto, ganndo daɗɗo, ena wiyee Ƴadijettu mintu Mohammed El Aaŋil.
Nde o ummii Tararsa, o fayi ko Pir Sañakuru. Nde o ɓaari e Pir, o jooɗoyii ko to wiyetee Appe Saakooɓe, funnaange Damga e cakkital Abdul Kariimu Jaawanndo. Ko toon o filaa Almaami Fuuta.
Nde o fiilaa, o toɗɗii, kanko ne, jaagorɗe jeegom ngam wallude mo e hakkilantaagal. Ko ɗeen ngoni jaagorɗe Fuuta toɗɗotooɗe Almaami:
– Aali Dunndu Kan to Daabiya Oodeeji
– Aali Maamuudu Lih to Ciloñ
– Aali Siidi Bah to Mboolo Aali
– Ndoondi Sammba Nayyel Bah to Baalaaje
– Amar Belal Raasin Aan to Pete
– Elimaan Rinnjaw Ac to Rinnjaw
- Abdul Ŋaadiri Kan laamiima duuɓi 30.
Abdul Ŋaadiri Kan haɓiima njeeygu Ɓaleeɓe teeŋti noon e Ɓaleeɓe juulɓe. O winndii ɓatakeeje ɗiɗi laaɓtuɗi feewde e Goforneer Ndar ina wiyee Blanchot. Heen gooto ko e hitaande 1785. Ɗimmo o ko e hitaande 1789. O lewanii Diine lislaam gila e Waalo Barak haa to diiwaan Kayoor walla Kajoor. Ko ɗuum jibinoyta wolde Bunngoowi e hitaande 1799. O wuuri ko duuɓi 81. O follaa e Almamaagal ko e hitaande 1805. E hitaande 1806 koreeji makko Booseyaaɓe njamfii mo, mbari mo e Guuriiki Sammba Joom e nder Damga. Tuggude e makko haa e Almami cakkitiiɗo ko ɓe 33 toɗɗaaɓe.
Lefol Almameeɓe duumiima tuggude e hitaande 1776 haa e e hitaande 1881, sahaa mo njiimaandi Tuubakooɓe fuɗɗii tabitde e nder reedu Fuuta.
- Njiimaandi Tuubakooɓe
Gila e laamu Deeniyankooɓe, jotondiral ena woodnoo hakkunde Fuutankooɓe e Tuubakooɓe. Ngaal jotondiral noon tuugninoo ko e maslahaa Tuubakooɓe. Tuggude e ciiltirɗi lefol Almameeɓe, jotondiral ngal wayli mbaydi. Tuubakooɓe pooɗanii goɗɗum, so siynude njiimaandi mumen e dow Fuutankooɓe. Waɗii e yontaaɓe e oon sahaa wonduɓe e maɓɓe kono kadi woodii hoccanɓe ɓe kaɓirɗe, kaɓtiiɓe haa muusi. Ko ɗuum jibinoyta warngo Lam-toor Sidiki Sal e Baydi Kacce Paam e Mammmadu Yero sal, ñalnde 10 lewru siilto 1890. Ko nii ɗum yahrunoo:
Nde Tuubakooɓe wonnooɓe Ndar ndonki siynude miijo mumen e Daande-maayo, neldi ko Abel Sanndee, yo wonoy kumaandaŋ Falnde Podoor. Abel Sanndee ko gannduɗo ɓaleeɓe, kadi ko o ɓooyde e nder leydi Senegaal. O waɗii duuɓi 12 e nder leydi ndi. O joginooma geɗe dawrugol to Ndar. O woniino kadi kumaandaŋ Luga. O jooɗinooma kadi e Tiwaawoon. Ko ɗoon o ummorii ngam faytude Podoor e lewru morso 1890.
Nde o ari, o adorii fof ko etaade feccude diiwaan o e seerndude yimɓe mum. Ndeen o gasnii siynude ngoon miijo, o ummanii ko tafde konu ngam haɓoyde e luutndiiɓe miijo Tuubakooɓe wayɓe no Abdul Bookar Kan to Daabiya Oodeeji. Nii woni e maayirɗe juko tawi o dañii konu ngu heedde 400 sagata. Ena jeyaa e mooɓaaɓe e nguun konu, Lam Toor Sidiki Sal e Baydi Kacce Paam. Ardii konu ko Arɗo Gede ena wiyee Aali Buubu.
Wuro fof ɓe ngari, Tuubaak o wona e waɗde eeraango nde yimɓe koccata kaɓirɗe ngam haɓde e ɓeen sanndolinɓe. Ñalnde 2 lewru siilto( septembre) hitaande 1890 ko e Haayre Laaw e leegal biyeteengal Barooɓe, batu waɗanoo. Tuubaak o kadi waɗi eeraango, hoohooɓe e moƴƴuɓe sahre nootii. O woni e haalde kadi ko o haalatnoo, hawri e ƴiiwoonde fusii batu ngu. Ndeen gooto fof deeƴtii e nokku mum, Baydi Kacce Paam hocci paɗe mum, naati e galleeji ena wiya yo yimɓe calo miijo tuubaak, yo calo haɓde e ngenndiyankooɓe Fuuta. Abdul Bookar e wondiiɓe mum ndaranii ko ndimaagu Fuuta no diidorinoo.
Haalooɓe Pulaar mbiyi: so ɗaɗi ngontii buruuti, joom maayat sellaani. Nii woni, woodi molƴitiiɗo, yahi tawi tuubaak o e nder suudu ɗo wonnoo, wiyi ɗum:
Aan dey fergitere nana darii e dow laawol ma, so tawii a ittaani nde, nde meeɗat liɓde donngal ma !
Abel Sanndee rutti e makko naamndal: Hol ndeen fergitere jogornde liɓde donngal am?
Kuucuucu ngu wiyi mo: ndeen fergitere wiyetee ko Baydi Kacce Paam,ena jeyaa to wiyetee Giyaa e nder falnde Podoor.
Baydi Kacce paam noddoyaa, ari, reftii ɗo rewatnoo ñalnde kala. Tuubaak wiyi maa ittu darajuuji makko fof e nder konu he, nuska mo kaaɗtudi. Baydi Kacce Paam ena wondunoo e fetel, felli tuubaak o, ɗoon e nder suudu ndu. Alaa tawaaɗo warngo ngo so wonaa Elimaan Abuu. Ko oon wonnooo nantinatnooɗo hakkunde maɓɓe. Baydi Kacce Paam yalti, toɓo ena toɓa dartaaki, tiindii wuro Daakaa ngam mooloyaade to Arɗo Daakaa, hono Sammba Baanoo Bah. Caggal ɗum jamfa waɗi hakkunde makko e njaatigi makko e cakkital Arɗo Bantu. Nii woni Baydi Kacce Paam nanngaa, haɓɓaa haa ɓiici, roondaa, faynaa Podoor. Ñalnde o addaa e Podoor, ena hawriti e garal seto ena ummorii Ndiyam Mawɗam maa mbiyen Ndar ngam ƴeewde ko woni sabaabu warngo Abel Sanndee e anndude warɓe mo. Ɗowi seto ngo ko biyeteeɗo Obri LeCompte, meeɗnooɗo wonde kumaandaŋ serkal Podoor e goɗɗo ena wiyee kapiteen Pinoo. Ndeen goomu ngarnoongu ngu jooɗiima ngu hawri wonde Baydi Kacce Paam waawaa kañum tan jogaade pellital warde Tuubaak o. Sikke alaa won ɓe o wondi. Ɓeen wondiiɓe Baydi Kacce Paam, seto ngo waɗi ko e hoohooɓe Tooro, luutndiiɓe tuubakooɓe. Laam-toor Sidiiki Sal e Mammadu Yero Sal e Elimaan Abuu nanngaa cokoyaa Podoor. Ñalnde 10 lewru siilto warngo ñaawaa e dow maɓɓe. Elimaan Abuu noon ɗaccitaa, caggal nde o ñaaganaa. Ñaaganii mo ko banndiiko ena jeyaa Siiyumma ena wiyee Mammadu Raasin Sih.
Ɗo ɓe ngaddaa e dingiral wuro Podoor, eɓe njogori wareede haa ɓataake ari ena ummorii Ndiyam Mawɗam e kalfinaaɗo geɗe dawrugol, ena wiyee Tautin( Toteŋ). Ɓataake o ko ɗum woni ko o jaŋtii: oto mbaɗee ɓe takko. Oto mbaɗee ɓe yarga. Kono taƴee koye maɓɓe, mbaɗon ɗe e leɗɗe, ñiɓon e dingiral hakkunde wuro hakke balɗe haa ɓe ngannda warde Tuubaak moƴƴaani, ɓalli maɓɓe mbeddoɗon e maayo, noodi ñaama ɓe, ɓe kaayta naatde aljanna.
Adii hirseede ko Baydi Kacce Paam, fettii haa ɓuuɓi, hoyre mum taƴaa, liggaa e tugawal, Fuutankooɓe ena kucciti heen, alaa cuusɗo ñirɓinaade. Lam toor Sal rewnaa heen, hay mbuubu wommbaani. Mammadu yero Sal rewnaa heen, jam arti roni.
Caggal warngo maɓɓe, Obri Lecompte winndi ɓataake feewde e gardiiɗo geɗe dawrugol to Ndar, hono Tautin ngam habrude mo no geɗe ɗe njahrunoo: Jamirooje ma fof ciynaama. Laawol goonga rewnaama e dow Baydi Kacce Paam e dow Lam-toor Sidiki Sal e dow Mammadu Yero. Faam kadi rewam mettuɗam jogoraani waɗde sabu hay hoɗɓe e nder wuro Podoor maa e saraaji mum kul hay yaltude ngam arde tawtoreede, keddii ko ena ciñña no mboyyon, Alla e kulol.
Ñalnde 13 siilto, Tautin neldi Obri kadi ooɗoo telegaraam: Gure ɗo ɓe njeyaa ɗo walla catiiɗe ɗe mbeltaaki e warngo maɓɓe, yo pawe iddiya haa ñeeba daaɗe.
Nii woni Gede, Njum e Giyaa pawaa 400 kokka-yoora-hoyre e 1000 fetel e pucci dimi 20. E nder heen, hay ndimaangu Lam-Toor Sidiiki Sal rokkaa ko Arɗo Mbantu ngam weltinde ɗum sabu darnde mawnde nde o darii e sara tuubakooɓe.
Banndiraaɓe, fayndaare men e ndeeɗoo yeewtere ko fiɗɗitde ɓernde nde wuɗaani, buuñaani ngam anndude hoyre mum e yiɗde hoyre mum. Nde tawnoo, mbiy-ɗen:
Yiɗde hoyre mum haa tabita ko e timmal
Fasnaade ngenndi mum haa sella ko e neɗɗaagal
Reende ganni mum haa hisna ko e cagataagal.
Neɗɗo waawataa yiɗde hoyre mum haa tabita, fasnoo ngenndi mum haa sella, reena kadi ganni mum haa hisna so anndaa hoyre mum.
Neɗɗo mo anndaa hoyre mum
Neɗɗo mo anndaa iwdi mum
Neɗɗo mo reenaa Pinal mum
Ko lekki ki wuuraani ɗaɗi mum.
Neɗɗo waawataa wonde maa dañde teddungal, horsinee, hormee, toownee e nder wondiiɓe mum maa e nder satiiɓe ɗum, so wonaa nde ƴelliti neɗɗaagal mum haa tabiti, ruttitii e ko jeynoo, teddini, reeni haa hisni. Ɗuum ne kadi aaɓnotaako, ɗoon ɗo neɗɗo o ruttitaaki e nehaande mum yummaare, teddini ngenndi mum, reeni finaa-tawaa mum, fasnii ko wonnoo e dow mbaydi ɓamtoori:
Jannginde ɓiɓɓe mum ɗemngal mum
Haalande ɓesngu mum hanki mum
Hollude mbootu mum aadaaji mum.
Fayndaare men ko eewnaade sagataaɓe yarlitiiɓe, alɗuɓe wakkiliiɓe e annduɓe sirŋiniiɓe mbele ena njeeƴtitoo e jeyi mumen sabu hoɗantenooɓe hanki koɗli ɓe fof ko moƴƴinnooɓe sahaaji mumen.
* Ibraahiima Saar wiyi: Aduna ko jamanuuji e sahaaji. Jamaanu ko maa feewnee kono sahaa ko maa reenee. Ko waɗi hanki haaltetee hannde. Ko waɗi hannde daartoytee janngo.
* Kodda Elimaan Sammbooru Barka wiyi: Yonta fof garɗo e yontaaɓe mum. Yonta fof garɗo Leñol e payndaale mum. Njettinta Leñol payndaale ɗe toɓɓunoo ko yontaaɓe hawruɓe e oon yonta.
* Abuu Aamadu Joop mo Lugge Saybooɓe wiyi: Mo waawi fof yo waɗ jam, daartol alaa ko woppi.
No kikiɗeeji ɗi ngoniri donngal Njaay Saydu Aamadu nii, jammaaji ɗiɗi ɗii ne fof jirwini ɗi ko Sala Faal. Sala Faal jeyaa ko ɗo wiyetee Madiina Njaacɓe kono asli makko dawi ko Aram Sahre, wuro Gellaay Aali Faal. Sala ko naalanke keewɗo nehdi, newiiɗo haa ɗeɓi diwtude aada, belɗo daande kaaɗtudi. Ko o debbo ñaantortooɗo gaaɓdi, laaɓɗo, timmuɗo sormatuuji. No o wayi heewde nehdi nii fof e nder dingiral ko o neɗɗo jañɗuɗo saɗne. So o naatii dingiral maa wonii a juurii mo, a foɓɓanii mo walla a jolii ngam jummbude mo. Sala ko naalanke Fuutankooɓe hanki mo waylaani mbaydi, ngaddiin e loowdi, ƴoogoowo e nehaande ganni nde salɓitaaki. No o wayi ñaantaade e yooɗde e nder dingiral nii, ko noon kadi amooɓe ɓe mbayi regaade. Eɓe koyi e leydi, eɓe paamondiri e dillanɗe nawdaaɗe kadi sormatuuji ɗi ena kawrani hellifaaɓe. Sala, tufnde fof nde nanngi ena joganii ɗum sormaat keeriiɗo. Amooɓe ɓee ne, baar fof garɗo, ena njoganii ɗum koltu e kaɓirɗe jahdooje heen. Ko ɗum waɗi kala tufnde jolaande ayaawo mum e ñamri mum peeñat heen haa laaɓta cer.
E ɗiiɗoo jammaaji ɗiɗi Sala yimii heen baaruuji keewɗi, paayondinɗi, ɗi en mbaawaa limtidde ɗo, kono tan ɗiiɗoo njeyaa ko e ɗi teski-ɗen:
– Sukki Hammee nana yooloo
– Jenngude hiraande haɗataa hirtaade
– Njullee, njaree
– Fulɓe ngaree haa ndenten
No Sala Faal wayi welde daande e moƴƴude njimri e soobaade e finaa-tawaa fulɓe, no amooɓe ɓe mbayi yooɗde golle e himmirande weltinde jamaanu ngarngu ngu maa mbiyaa ko Abuu Demmba Gay woni timmoode maɓɓe, timmitini geɗe ɗe fof. Abuu Demmba Gay ko mikoroo santaraal Sala Faal. Omo waawi haalde, omo weli haala kadi omo nehii. Omo anndi naalankaagal nde tawnoo o ɓooyii e naalankaagal. Omo anndi e jaati darnde naalanke e nder renndo.
Heewii ɗo naalanke wullaa e welde daande tawa anndaa ko yimata. Heewii ɗo ngabbiɗaa e dille naalanke, ngaraa tawaa alaa fof ko o joganii renndo hay batte. E Sala Faal noon, so Alla juutnii nguurndam makko, fulɓe ndañii ɗo naŋtii.
Ñalnde 25 nde, hoɗɓe arnooɓe ɓe ndañaani dawtude hakke tampere e ŋoŋɗi. Mo njiyɗaa fof, gite ena ngojji ellee rawaandu yarnaandu lekki. Ndawti tan ko Sala Faal e diɗɗal mum. Heddiiɓe ɓe ñalloyi les manngooje, daande maayo. Waɗii kadi taƴtuɓe maayo, njahi Paate Galo, juuroyaade Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Bah. Ñalnde heen noon faayre waɗii sabu sooyre mawnde waɗii. Kono Aadama Demmba Sih wonaa pekaan tan waawi…
Nde yahi haa hiiri, kanko Aadma Demmba, o bismii denndaangal hoɗɓe heddinooɓe ɗoon ɓe, teeŋti e ummorinooɓe Nuwaasot ɓe. E oon jamma, ndenndi ɗoon ko capanɗe njeegomo pawɗo hakkunde koɗo e jibinannde wuro ngo. Defooɓe seniiɓe ndotti hiraande heewnde faayiida, ɓadtini. Ataaye rewi heen, jeewte peŋi. No hiraande nde fof wayi heewde faayiida nii, maa mbiyaa ko jeewte jeewtaaɗe heen ɗe ɓuri faayodinde. En keɓii yeewtidde e ardorde sukaaɓe ɓe e almuɓɓe janngatnooɓe to Nuwaasot. En njooɗodiima kadi haa yimɓe teskinɓe teelɗuɓe. Jamma o alɗinii ñalɗi no feewi. Ñalnde 26 mbayni-ɗen Silɓe, paytu-ɗen Nuwaasot.
Ñalɗi Pinal Silɓe keewii nafoore saɗne. Ɗi nguurtinii enɗam sabu heewɓe heen ngaddondiraano walla njahondirtaano, hannde kumpa iwii hakkunde mumen, geɗe keewɗe laaɓtii. Ñalɗi ɗi ndaɗndii ko ɗeɓnoo yoolaade e ladde sabu won yahɓe haa ndesi walla ndesaa, njibini tawi meeɗaani artude e cuuɗi mumen hay laawol gootol. Hannde artiri ɗumen tan ko sabu ñalɗi ɗi. Ɗi tiiɗtinii giɗgol sabu won yiyondirɓe heen, nganndiri heen tawi adan meeɗaano yiydude. Ñalɗi ɗi ngoni ɓamtaare kadi ganndal naftowal dañaama heen.
Gelongal Fuuta lollirɗo
Njaay Saydu Aamadu


text:
Lulnde dewal Allah ngam nehdi pittaali e laɓɓinde ɓerɗe, fuɗɗoriingo golle arti e dewe, yiɗaango yimɓe Allah huccanaango ndaartooɓe, doganaango yiilotooɓe, lulnde meeɗi jommba. Oo Daakaa na jogii taarik mo hakkillaaji njiyata e mum geɗe keewɗe maantiniiɗe. Enen en njettii to ɓuri laaɓde, to ɓuri maantinaade, tawa ko biyoowo en “mi tawaama walla ko ceerno haalani kam”, hono ceerno men Alhajji Usmaan Caam, gonnooɗo Almaami jumaa Madiina Gunaas, gila e nguurndam ceerno mawɗo haa e khaliifa mum, kañum haa ruttii e joomum (yoo Allah ɓuuɓan ɗum), kañum ko kañum tan.
Jubbannde e taarik Daakaa : Hol nde Daakaa fuɗɗii
Oo Daakaa o fuɗɗii ko 1942. Oon tuma, puɗɗuɗo Daakaa oo na yahra e duuɓi 42. Ko ndeen kadi o arti Makka laawol makko gadanol. Ko ndeen kadi o diidi jumaa makko ngadana, caggal lewru tan nde o arti makka. Kaan jumaa gollaama lewru gasi, ka hundiraa ko huɗo. Ndeen nguurndam nokku oo weeɓaano, kono kam juulɓe joom en ɓerɗe laaɓɗe yarlitaniiɓe gollande Allah ko kañum en ngonnoo ɗoo. Gila 1942 daakaa fuɗɗaama ha 1960 ko Madiinanaaɓe tan tawtortenoo golle ɗee. Madiina naaɓe noon, hay gooto heddotonooka, so wonaa rewɓe e reenooɓe wuro, seeɗa en tan cuɓtatee yoo ndeen wuro ngoo, heddiiɓe fof njaha. Na wonatnoo kilooji sappo hakkunde mum e wuro ngoo, na wonatnoo hay noogaas. Ndeen noon, wonaa hitaande fof waɗatnoo, na woodi kitaale ɗe waɗataa ɗoo e wuro hee, saabotonoo ɗuum ko tawa sahaa mo daakaa waɗata oo yonta, tawa ceerno na ɗannii golloyde lislaam « ɗoo nii won wiyooɓe, ko kanko kam, o waɗii Daakaa, sabu ko o gollatnoo Daakaa koo, ko ɗuum tan o golloyi. Ko diine oo, sunna oo, jokkere enɗam ɗam.
O arta noon tawa sahaa oo ɓennii wona daakaa waɗaani. Daakaa kaa ndeen noon golle ina njeyanoo e ko imminta mo, kono won sirru mawɗo suuɗii heen. Ceerno RTA ina faamnoo mettugol nguura nokku oo, heɓɓittoo ɗum tan ko demal, jooni noon addi mo gaa ko darnude diine oo, tawi noon ko kañum e nguura kaa njahdata. O wiya njahen to ladde too, ngollen mbela ndañen nguura, kono tawa en njeebaaki ko addunoo en koo. So wonanooma ladde too, subaka juulaama, no waɗetee jooni nii, waɗee wirdu duwee, Ceerno waajoo, so inɗeeli na ngoodi, so gaynaama saakee, ko ndeen dawatee. So waktu yontii kadi artee e nokku hee, no ɗum wayi jooni nii tan. Woni faandaare makko e Daakaa hee ko Allah tan e nelaaɗo mum (yo Allah juul e mum hisna ɗum), golle ɗee ko haa no ɗuum dañiraa.1960 noon Daakaa waɗi, woni e Fuutankooɓe tawtoraaɓe, jahɗo fof jommba, hakkille mum heɗtoytoo tan ko hol nde ndee moƴƴere waɗtetee ? Kono oon sahaa, wonnoo ko nde toɓi fof tan, wonaa datuuji ganndaaɗi ; kadi so toɓii, wonaa jiɗɗo taweede fof tan tawee.
E 1962, mawɓe Fuutankooɓe heewɓe tawaama, nde tawnoo oolel ngel fuɗɗiima lottude. Ɓe pelliti ñaagaade Ceerno, e sifaa mo Allah jolnirta e juulɗo, yiɗde ɓeydoraade moƴƴere Allah, yo Ceerno jaɓan ɓe ndee moƴƴere waɗee hitaande fof, kadi waɗee eeraango, sabu aɓe nganndi ɗumɗoo, no Fuuta wiyi e moƴƴere nii, kala tinɗo ɗum arat. Ɓe kawri kam ɓeen mawɓe fof, caggal juuleede tiisubaar, Ceerno naattoyii, ɓe njeewtidi heen, ɓe nanondiri e ñaagaade ɗum Ceerno. Ɓe totti konngol maɓɓe yo yottinan ɓe so Ceerno arii, ko Ceerno Aliw Saalihu to Ɓoke Jawe. Ceerno ari juulni takkusaan, tan Ceerno Aliw wiyi mo “Ceerno, miin dey mawɓe hawru ɓe ɗoo ɓee, won ko ɓe neli e maa.” Kala no o haalirnoo kanko ceerno Aliw, fillo ngoo kam firti tan ko o wiyi. Ɓe mbiyi ngalɗoo pottital nehirdi pittaali, e terɗe to inndude allah e to muñde e to juulde. Kono kadi ganndondiral hakkunde juulɓe immiiɓe e nokuuji goɗɗuɗi, yoo Qur’aana jannge, wonande waawɓe, sayfiyyu, salaatul faatiha, e ko kaalataa ɗoo ko fayti e nehdi to diine, to jokkere enɗam, almudaagu, min njiɗi ko hunaneede ɗum kala hitaande, tawa amin tawtoree, tawa kadi alaa ko haɗata ɗuum waɗde. Ndeen o rowii, Ceerno naamndii mo : “ko onon fof nanondiri e ɗuum ? “ Ɓe mbiyi “eey”. O wiyi ɓe : “miin, juulɓe fotɓe ndaanii nanondirtaa e huunde, miin mi luulndoo ɗuum. Mi jaɓii, tee ko to Allah njaɓ-mi ɗuum, alaa ko haɗata ɗum waɗde. Hade men saakaade, maa en kaal hol nde pottitten ɗoo. Kadi hankadi, waɗa ɗo nokkuyel gootel tan, to njiyaten ɗum jooni ɗoo.” Kono adii ina dirtatnoo, kono gila ndeen meeɗaa dirtu. O wiyi ɓe o ƴettanii ɗum pellital to Allah, ɗuum waɗi gila ndeen, kala hitaande ina ɓeydoo, nde tawnoo ko moƴƴere Allah. So a yiɗii anndude daakaa rawane no waynoo tan, ƴeew hol no wayi hikka tan, ko keewal yimɓe tan ɓeydotoo, kono ko heddii koo waylotaako. Ɓeydagol yimɓe ngol ne firti tan ko ɓeydagol men to Allah, sabu alaa moƴƴere nde Alla waɗani juulɓe, juulɓe njokki gollude nde, so wonaa o ɓeyda nde haa ɓe ɓeydoo ɓeydaade e mayre. Ndee moƴƴere noon ittunoo mo Fuuta, ko ndeen ne kadi ko o ari Madiina koo abborii mo, ko ndeen ne kadi wuuraa gaa.
Bismilla mon hoɗɓe Daakaa, hannde daakaa tolniima e kesam hesamaagu, jamaa oo kam feewiino, ko heddii heen koo jokkitaama, ganndunooɗo ndeen daakaa e sifa mum, na anndi moƴƴere Alla ɓeydiima heen hannde e mbaadi mum.
Daakaa jamyamo
Abdullaahi Ac


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Fooyre Ɓamtaare ine yaafnoo janngooɓe ɓee, sabu juumre waɗnoonde e ndeeɗoo winndannde e tonngoode 184, sibu won ko yaltaano e mayre, tuggi 10. haa les. Min timmitinana nde…
Toɓɓe ɗe hooreejo leydi Mali siifi ɗee
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11. Goomu CMA suɓantoo hoore mum konunkooɓe (DDR) ɓe laamu haani heedtinde he nder konunkooɓe laamu Mali.
12. Sosde laamu fedde, maa walla heedtinde goomu goɗɗo mbo wonaa kamɓe, ɗum ko e luulndaade kawre ɗee e yeeyde pittaali Ajawaadnaaɓe ɗum ñaawirtee.
13. Njuɓɓudi MOC ndii, koo MUNISMA heednetee yeeso e toppitaade ndi, ndeen Mali e CMA ngona sukkuɓe.
14. Ajawaad yollanee 40 e nder 100 jawdi laamu Mali e nder daawal duuɓi 20.
15. Aastaade (ittude) ngaluuji taweteeɗi les leydi fatere Ajawaad, he heɓɓaade hattan kuɓɓal (exploitation energetique) fatere ndee, waɗetee ko e dow kawral ardiiɓe diiwanuuji ɗii ɓee, jokka heen feccugol dañal ko heɓetee heen koo, ɗum ko 20 e nder 100, feccotoo ɗiin 20% ko yimɓe fatere ɗo ɗum gollaa ɗoo.
Ɗeeɗo toɓɓe 15 ngoni ɗe IBK hooreejo Leydi Mali siifi toon to Aljee e innde Mali, ko ɗeeɗo ngoni toɓɓe ɗe Tuwareg en keɗtini ene ngollira. Mbele waawde ittude bonannde ɗeeɗo toɓɓe 15, e yowde ɗe, ɗum haala mum haalaama e jooɗle baɗaaɗe e ɗiiɗoo duuɓi ɗee fuf, haa teeŋti he joɗnde kaatane ndee (Triumvirat / Tati jojjuɗe) waɗaande ñallal 07 -08 yarkomaa, e 14-15 yarkoma 2019 ndee, ndeen jooɗnde ne waawi wiyeede jikke cakkitto mbo Malinaaɓe poti yiytirde laawol jam no ine heɓoroo, nde tawetenoo fannuuji ɗi ngenndi ne fota ɓamtoraade, e hisirde ɗii fuf ko kiilaaɗi e nder leydi Mali (Corruption dans tous les Secteurs du Mali), ɗum noon joɗnde kaaldigal ngoƴaaji kala fannu e ngenndi ndii (Dialogue National Inclusif). Ndeen jooɗnde waɗnde e nder diiwanuuji Mali haa huuɓtidini tonngunoo ko toɓɓe 54, ko haaldaa hawraa e ɗeen balɗe koo, siggete tonngee, ɗum waawata wonde laawol ngol laamu Mali yuɓɓinta haa jam dañtee e Mali.
Kuɗol Mammadu Aamadu Bah kucaala.