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O jibinaa ko ñalnde 16 feebariyee 1965 to wuro ina wiyee Mankamang Kunda, nder falnde FULADU, nder Gammbi. O naati jaŋde ko wuro ina wiyee Koba Kunda. Caggal ɗuum o jokkoyi to Bañnjul hade makko heɓde bursi ngam naatde Duɗal Hakkundeewal Lislaam.
Nde o heɓi ɗoon seedantaagal makko, o gollodii e galle ina wiyee “Al Hajji Musa and Sons” haa o wonti gardiiɗo ko faati e njeeygu. O naati parti politik biyeteeɗo Heerto Demokaraasi Renndungo (UDP) e 1996. E darorɗe kitaale 2 000 o ɗannanii London, ɗo o janngi ko faati e njulaagu ndiiñiindi, omo woni kadi deenoowo kisal. O waɗii toon duuɓi 3 e feccere. Caggal ɗuum o wonii deenoowo (garde corps) julanke gammbinaajo gooto ine wiyee Mammadu Muusaa Njaay, hono baaba mum jom suudu Daawuuda Jaawara, meeɗnooɗo wonde hooreejo Gammbi, mo lietnaa Yaayaa Jaame follunoo e laamu e hitaande 1994. Caggal ɗuum o sosani hoore makko sosiyatee ndiiñiindi (njeeygu galleeji mahaaɗi walla boowe leydi ekn), o ƴellitii heen.
E woote hoore leydaagu ɓennuɗe ɗee, partiiji luulndo jeeɗiɗi mbaɗi mo kanndidaa, nii woni o hawi Yaayaa Jammee. Ko ñalnde 19 saawiyee o fiilaa e nder ammbasaad Gammbi to Ndakaaru, sibu Jammee jaɓaani woppude laamu. Nii woni konu CEDEAO naati leydi ndii e oon kikiiɗe gooto, mawɗo konu leydi ndii, seneraal Osmaan Bajiyee wiyi jaɓii refataade Aadama Baro, tee konu mum dartotaako konu CEDEAO so naatii leydi ndii.
BAB


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Jojjanɗe neɗɗo maa hakkeeji neɗɗo
Jojjanɗe neɗɗo (no wi’ee kadi hakkeeji maa foddeeji neɗɗo) ko alhaali yowitiiɗo e "jojjanɗe yummaaje e ndimaaku ngu kala Banii-Aadama hanndi e mum". E ko woowi kon, ko ɗee ɗoo geɗe ndimaaku limtetee nde haala jojjanɗe neɗɗo umminaa: jojjanɗe e baŋŋe ɓii-leydiyaagal (siwil) kanyum e dawro (polotigi), e piide misal jojjannde nguurndam e ndimaaku, heɓtaare anndingol miijo mum, fotondiral yeeso sariya. Hino jeyaa e mum kadi jojjanɗe yowitiiɗe e renndo e pinal, ɗum no huɓindii jojjanɗe tawnugol hoore mum e alhaali pinal, jojjannde nyamri, jojjannde golle, jojjannde jannde e needi.
Ko Bayyinaango Winndereyankeewo wonande Jojjanɗe Neɗɗo (Déclaration Universelle des Droits de l’Homme) tonngunoo alhaali jojjanɗe neɗɗo e bayyinaango mum maandiniingo. Kuulal aranal bayyinaango ngon ko ɗum fewjunoo: "Denndaangal Banii-Aaadama’en jibinaama ko ɓe jeyɓe hoore maɓɓe ko ɓe fotooɓe e ndimaaku e jojjanɗe. Hiɓe yeɗaa hakkille e yila, hiɓe haani huuwondirde e nder neene-gootoyaagal."

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Maayo Niil
Maayo Niil (e arabuure: النيل, An Nīl, misrankoore aranere: Iteru walla Ḥ'pī, kiɓiɗiyankoore: ⲫⲓⲁⲣⲱ Piaro walla Phiaro, ɗemngal amharik Ecoppi: ዓባይ?; ɗum wonta e binndol lateŋ: ʿAbbai) hino ƴettiraa hono maayo ɓurngo juutude ngoo e nder aduna on. Njuuteendi maggo hino fota e 6,650 km. Hingo rewi e leyɗe sappo: Sudaan, Sudaan Ñaamo, Burunndi, Ruwanndaa, Ndenndaandi Konngo, Tansani, Keña, Ecoppi, Ugannda, Ejipte (Misira). Iwdi Niil ko Ugannda woni.
Hino fottanaa kadi wondema ko ndiyam Niil woni ko wuurni leydi Ejipte, sabu ko leydi yoorndi. Kala saare sincaande e mayri ko e takko Niil woni. Sinno Maayo Niil woodaa, wiɗotooɓe taariixa no felliti siwlisasiyoŋ (peerndam) Misira Kinndi woodataano. Ko ɗum addi Herodot, karallo taariixa gerekjo e winndugol: "Ejipte ko dokkal Niil".


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Ñalnde talaata 27 mee 2009, Mammadu Tañjaa, hooreejo leydi Niiseer, fusii parlemaa leydi mum. Ɗumɗoon ko caggal nde Diiso Doosɗe (Conseil Constitutionnel) riiwti ɗaɓɓaande makko juɓɓingol referaandoom mbele omo ɓeyda manndaa makko. Diiso ngo jaabtii mo ko ñalnde 25 mee, wonde ɗuum aamnotaako.
Eɗen ciftina tan, o laamiima duuɓi sappo (manndaaji ɗiɗi). Ooɗoo manndaa battano fotnoo joofde ko ñalnde 22 desammbar 2009.
Hol ko addani Mammadu Tañnjaa miijaade ɗuum ?
Gila o toɗɗaa e hitaande 1999 laawol ɗiɗmol, Mammadu huninooma memataa Doosɗe leydi ndi, tee ma o woppu laamu so ooɗoo manndaa joofii, hono no doosɗe leydi ɗe mbiyri nii.
Nde Nikolaa Sarkosi yillii leydi Niiseer e lewru mars 2009, o reftiino heen. Kono ko ndeen o fuɗɗii naatnude sikkeeji e hakkillaaji yimɓe sibu o wiyi omo waawi «heɗaade ɓesngu ngu» so tawii ɗaɓɓirii mo heddaade e laamu duuɓi tati garooji ɗi, mbele omo waawa joofnude eɓɓaaɗe o fuɗɗinoo ɗe.
Ñalnde 8 mee, guwarnama makko habri wonde referaandoom ina foti yuɓɓineede ngam lelnugol doosɗe leydi kese ɗe ndottataa manndaaji laamu ngu. Ɗum jibini dille mawɗe, sibu denndaangal luulngo ngo, yanti e huunde e partiiji gonduɗi e laamu he njuɓɓinbiino dental mawngal ɗo Ñaamee ɗo ngam suurtude « oo kuudetaa ». Caggal ɗum ko mawɓe Cedeao njeertini Mammadu Tañjaa e ko wiyata ina waɗa ko. Kono o faalaaka ɗum fof. Ko ɗum tagi depiteeji ɗi yettinde haala ka to Diiso doosɗe. Ngoon diiso wiyi wonde ko Tañjaa eɓɓi ko, tuugaaki e doosɗe. Alaa ko o jaabtorii ɗum so wonaa fusde asammbele leydi ndi.
Ñalnde 5 suwee batu hilifaaɓe toɗɗii ñalawma 4 ut o yo won ñalawma woote referaandoom dagnoowo cosgol « doosɗe leydi kese » mbele Mammadu Tañjaa ina waawa heddaade e laamu caggal nde manndaa mum joofi.
Ñalnde aljumaa 12 suwee 2009, Diiso Doosɗe (Conseil contitutionnel) leydi Niiseer yaltinii kuulal biyowal wonde referanndum mo Mammadu Tanjaa yiɗi yuɓɓinde oo dagaaki, ina luulndii doosɗe leydi ndi. E nder ɗuum, dekere mo o yaltinnoo ngam yuɓɓinde ɗeen woote, niilii. Eɗen mbaawi wiyde wonde partiiji luulndo kam e pelle renndo Niiseer ndañii ɗo poolgu mawngu, sibu ko kamɓe ngullitinoo to Diiso Doosɗe to. Diiso doosɗe noon woni njuɓɓudi ñaawoore ɓurndi toowde e leydi ndi, ina waɗɗii hoorejo lydi ɗooftaaɗe jamirooje mayre.
Miijo yimɓe Mammadu Tañjaa wonnoo ko « jokkande » manndaa makko ɗiɗmo o duuɓi tati goɗɗi : ɗum ko feere ngam woomaade doosɗe leydi. Ngoon miijo roŋki ɓennude. Ɗum addani ɓe miijaade waylude doosɗe ɗe, kono renndo leydi ndi kam e partiiji politik e ñaawoore leydi ndi kala calii ɗuum. Ɗum jiidaa e ñiŋooje ummoriiɗe caggal leydi, haa teeŋti noon e Amerik e Canada. Ko ɗum addaanoo kadi Dente senndiikaaji jeeɗiɗi gonɗe e leydi he, noddude gerew ñalnde 18 suwee ngam waawnude Mammadu Tañjaa woppude ndee feere.
Heddinoo ko anndude hol feere woɗnde Tañjaa jogori huutoraade ngam heddaade e laamu. Hannde 27/06/09, ndeen feere anndaama : Mammadu Tañnjaa fellitii “laamoraade jamirooje” woni o teskaaki ko Diiso doosɗe haali ko, o huccana yuɓɓinde referaandoom mbele omo jokka ardaade leydi ndi duuɓi tati payɗi. Ko laaɓi tan, ko Afrik hirnaange, gila tan kuudetaa 6 ut 2008 e Muritani, woni ko e iiñcuru mawndu : iiñcuru kuudetaaji. Kuudetaaji e mbaydiiji kala : doole konu to Muritani, Gine Bisaaw, Gine Konaakiri, Madagaskaar, walla jiilyiilte doosɗe leydi.
Bookara Aamadu Bah


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Kamerun
Kamerun (maa Kamarun; Faranse: Cameroun; Angale: Cameroon) ɗum leydi ngonndi haa Caka Afiriik. Ɗum leydi marndi nafuda haa Caka Afiriik.
Tariik[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]
Kamerun laatino koloni Alman'en ammaa ɓaawo Konu Winndere Aranu lesdi ndiin halfinaa Faransi e Enngele. Kamerun heɓti ndimaaku mum 1960.
Horeeɓe / Laamuɓe[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]
Hooreejo leydi ɗon wi'e Paul Biya. Oɗon laamii lesdi ndiin daga 1982. Hooreejo leydi aranndeejo Ahmadu Ahiijo wi'ete. O laamii daga 1960 sey 1982.mo laamaké duubi 22 nden mo hokkiti laamou haa kuudidiraawo makko mo wiété Paul Biya. Hanko djogi laamou leydi din haa dukkango handé (2020).
Kamerun leydi demal, leydi durde na'i e kooseeje (adamaawa , mandara ...)
e diwoodi 10 provinces dermaari den wuromawngo (kapital) wi'ete yawunde (yaoundé).
lesdi kamerun eherri gal woyla nijer (Niger) , caadi (Tchad) ; fuunange RCA ; hirna bo niseeriya (Nigeria); fonbina : gine ekatorial , gabon , congo.
Climat leydi man wona gootum nder mayri du. Her fombina woni climat équatorial. E tindiné bee duudal tobo (iyeendé) e non feesaaré laddé tekkundé. Ton man woni guré mawdé ban Yawundé, Duaala (herri e mayo teeku). Her woyla din leydi woni climat tropical bee tobo e laddé koytiido. Ton woni her woyla guré mawdé ban Ngaoundéré, Garoua, Maroua.
Kamerun mari maadjé mawdé ilandé wadi fombina (Sanaga, wouri, sangha, Nyong...) e woyla (Logone, Benoue,...).
Nokku burdo towgo woni Mont Kamerun (4100 m)
--Leyyi e demgal--
Demngal kuugal e djangirdé ha leydi Kamerun woni Faransaaré e angileeré.
Her Kamerun do tawé leyyi feeré feeré ko 250. Her fombina woni Djumla wieteebé Bantu en (Fang-Beti, sawa, pygmée...) e dow nokkuudjé towdé do tawé Semi-Bantu en (Bamiléké, Bamun, Tikar, Grass-field en...).
Her Woyla do tawé leyyi duddi ko nandi e Fulbé (leydé Adamaawa, Garwa, Marwa...), Mbum (Adamaawa), Fali, gidar...(leydi Garwa), Giziga, Tupuri, Musgum, Mandara, Kanuri, Mafa, Kotoko, arabe chua... (Leydi Marwa).
Fulfulde do wolwé haa woyla Kamerun fu.
Yimbé leydi Kamerun be remoobé, filoobé, e non be duroobe. Amma ka durgol hertani Fulbé ko fanti nder woyla layri fu.
---Diina---
Her leydi Kamerun, duudal yimbé woniibé ton fu dum tokkiibé diina Kirista (christianisme) amma diina lislam ho no feesi her woyla mayri sanné.


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ngalu pinal winndere ? Muritani sakkitii (ɗaɓɓii e) UNESCO binndugol Daarol Sammba Gelaajo Jeegi he ngalu aadeewu (ngalu winndere). Ko jooni laamu Muritani felliti hankadi ɗaɓɓude he UNESCO nde waɗtata « Daarol Sammba Gelaajo Jeegi » he ngalu pinal winndere. Habri ɗum ko Mawɗo jaagorɗe ñalnde 27 saawiyee 2021 to Suudu Sarɗi leydi ndii, ɗo o arnoo hollitde seedantaagal golle laamu ngu wonande hitaande 2020 ndee. O habrii heen kadi, maa Muritani ɗaɓɓu hono ɗuum wonande « tippude jaŋde aadoraande kam e ŋarɗinol Arab ». O wiyi kadi laamu nguu « winnditiima, leemii, maantiima binndaaɗe junngo ɓooyɗe wonande Daande maayo ».
Wonande Sammba Gelaajo noon, eɓɓaande ndee ɓooyii haaleede, gila nde jaagorgal pinal biyeteengal Lalla mintu Sheriif yillii Jeeriyel Tummbere ñalnde 18/07/2013 e caggal ɗuum, nde Hinndu mintu Ayniina woni jaagorgal pinal ndee. Fedde Ɓamtaare Pulaar he Muritani ine jeyaa e pelle ɗaɓɓuɗe «binndugol daarol Sammba Gelaajo Jeegi he doggol ngalu pinal ngu ɓakdaaki winndere ndee ». Sammba Gelaajo Jeegi jibinaa ko hakkunde 1690 e 1700 to Jowol Worgo. O ummii ko he laamu deeniyankooɓe jiimnoongu Fuuta Tooro tuggi 1512 haa 1776. Daarol makko ɓuri jotondirde ko e kareeli laamu. Jaambaraagal makko, ƴoƴre makko, e peewal makko ine ndaartee heen. Ine wiyee o seertataano he geɗe tati : fetel makko (buuselarwaay), puccu makko Ummulatuum e lekki makko ndarjuki hono Ɓokku Sammba Gelaajo Jeegi, ndarinooki he Jeeriyel Tummbere. Cehilaagal makko e Ɓokki kii juutii capanɗe hitaande. Ki yani ko e hitaande 1980.
Lortii ɓokki kii ko Ceerno Njaay Saydu Aamadu lollirɗo Gelongal Fuuta e ballal sukaaɓe Jiingenaaɓe ñalnde 21 marse 2007. Hannde ki mawnii, ki gubiima.


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Porfesser Baydi Buubuu Lo heɓii e lewru mee 2017 ɓennundu ɗoo nduu, njeenaari Fedde Emiraaji daraniinde Cellal (Fondation des Emirats pour la santé), ndi Fedde andunaare cellal (OMS) rokkunoo ɗum ñalnde 1 feebariyee 2017 e joɗnde mum 140ɓiire jooɗinoonde to Geneef. Ɗumɗoon ko ngam teddinde « golle ɗe o gollii e nder ɗii duuɓi noogaas cakkitiiɗi ngam ƴellitde tippudi cellal (loowtugol ƴiiƴam, hare sooynaɓooji wiriseeji, VIH/SIDA e IST (Piɗe Daaɓrooje Njogoram) kam e golle njiylawu jahdooje heen ». Njeenaari ndii ko 20 000 dolaar Amerik (hedde miliyoŋaaji 7 ugiyya).
Fooyre Ɓamtaare waawaano luuteende ngalɗoo teddungal mawngal wonande leydi ndii e leñol ngol. Ko ɗuum tagi en njokkondirde e makko mbele omo faccira en geɗe ɗee, mbele kadi banndiraaɓe ɓee ngannda holi kanko, ngannda golle paayodinɗe ɗe o gollii ɗee.
Fooyre Ɓamtaare (FƁ) : Porfesoor, jam weeti. Ɓooyaani ko ngummiti-ɗaa Geneef to njahno-ɗaa heɓoyde teddungal OMS rokku maa. Hade men naatde e ɗuum, aɗa waawi hollitde banndiraaɓe holi aan tawo ?
Porfesoor Baydi Buubu Loh (P. BBL) : Mbiyetee-mi ko Baydi Buubu Loh. Miɗo yahra hikka e duuɓi 61. ko mi Doktoor ko faati e cellal. Puɗɗorii-mi janngude cellal ko to Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Selliyaagal t°1 Shanngaay (gontungal jooni Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fudan) to leydi Siin. Caggal nde ummii-mi toon njokkoy-mi jaŋde fanniyaagal e Ganndal nguurndam cellal (biologie médicale) to CHU IBN SINA mo Rabaa (Maruk). Nde njoofnu-mi jaŋde fanniyaagal ngal e hitaande 1991, nomaa-mi, sabu am wonde doktoor gadano e leydi ndii ko faati e ganndal nguurndam, mawɗo Sarwiis laboratuwaaruuji e Booñ ƴiiƴam (banque de sang) to Opitaal Nuwaasoot mawɗo oo. E lewru oktoobar 2000 nomaa-mi Gardo Nokku Ngenndiijo Senaare (ko anndiranoo CNH), caggal ɗuum, e hitaande 2005 mbaɗaa-mi Gardo Duɗal Ngenndiwal Njiylaawuuji paatuɗi e Cellal Renndo (Institut National de Recherches en Santé Publique).
To bannge jaŋde toownde kadi, mi ɓennii e kawgel ageregaasiyoŋ ko faati e selliyaagal (aggregation en medecine), e nder fannu ganndal cuuki (microbiologie) to Catal Selliyaagal e farmasi duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Muhammed V to Rabaa e lewru feebariyee 2000. Jooni ko mi porfeseer opitaal jaaɓi-haaɗtireejo (hospitalo-universitaire) timmuɗo, mawɗo departemaa Gannde Gorwore to Catal Selliyaagal (Sciences fondamentale à la faculté de medecine) Nuwasoot.
FƁ : A yahiino Geneef e maayirɗe lewru mee, heɓoyde njeenaari. Aɗa waawi haalande banndiraaɓe ko ndii njeenaari woni ?
P.BBL : Hitaande kala, Fedde Adunaare Cellal (OMS) ina weltina e winndere hee hoohooɓe e juɓɓule ballitɗe ƴellitaare cellal rewrude e njiylawuuji e wiɗtooji e darnde faatunde e cellal renndo. Tammbotoo njeenaaje ɗee ko pelle nafoore huuɓtodinnde (fonndaasiyoŋ) winndereeje. Ko Goomu winndereewu cuɓagol sunnotoo doosiyeeji ɗii, sakkita Goomu Ciynoowu OMS inɗe yimɓe fotɓe heɓde njeenaaje ɗee. Njeenaaje ɗee ndokketee joom mum en ko e Batu Kuɓtodinngu OMS njooɗotoongu hitaande kala, ndenndinoowu jaagorɗe cellal ko ina ɓura 170 Dowla e Leydi winndere ndee.
Nii woni, wonande 2017, ndokkaa-mi Njeenaari Fonndasiyoŋ Emiraaji Arab Dentuɗi wonande Cellal. Ko ɗuum nawnoo-mi Jeneef to Siwis ngam tawtoreede kewu dokkitgol njeenaari ndii. Ɗum noon difii njeenaari ndii ko Fonndasiyoŋ Emiraaji Arab Dentuɗi wonande Cellal, kono rokki ndi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal, hono OMS.
FƁ : Ko mbaaw-ɗaa haalande en seeɗa e Fonndasiyoŋ Emiraaji Arab Dentuɗi wonande Cellal.
P.BBL : Fonndasiyoŋ Emiraaji Arab Dentuɗi wonande Cellal ko miijo laamu Emiraaji Arab Dentuɗi jogii ngam rokkude kaalis ngam difanaade Fedde Adunaare Cellal ngootiri e njeenaaje rokkata ɗee.
Faandaare Fonndasiyoŋ Emiraaji Arab Dentuɗi wonande Cellal ko difaade njeenaari ndi OMS rokkata neɗɗo walla njuɓɓudi maa yimɓe heewɓe walla juɓɓule keewɗe golliiɓe golle ceedtinɗe ƴellitooje cellal.
FƁ : Hol saabaabu aɗa rokkee ɗum ? Aɗa waawi yaajnaade seeɗa e golle dokkuɗe ma njeenaari ɗee…
P.BBL : Waɗi-mi rokkeede njeenaari ndii ko ballal maantinngal ngal ngaddu-mi ngam cosgol e gollingol Nokku Ngenndiijo Loowtugol Ƴiiƴam kam e Booñuuji ƴiiƴam e sarwisaaji laboratuwaar, kam e kaɓgol e sooynaɓo wiriseejo, e VIH/SIDA e piɗe goɗɗe daaɓrooje njogoram caggal nde luggiɗinii-mi e fannu ganndal nguurndam toɗɗingal cellal, nomaa-mi Mawɗo Sarwiis laboratuwaaruuji e booñ ƴiiƴam to Opitaal Ngenndiijo e hitaande 1991. Oon sahaa ko oon nokku gooto e leydi hee no diidorinoo, waawi yiytude e teeŋtinde fiɗo VIH/SIDA e sooynaɓo wiriseejo.
Ko kanko kadi woni nokku bajjo loowtugol ƴiiƴam leydi ndii. Ñalnde kala miɗo toppitoo ngonkaaji keñoraaɗi kaaɗtudi no feewi ngam huuɓnude soklaaji keewɗi no feewi to bannge ƴiiƴam, tee ko seeɗa joganoo e ƴiiƴam. E oon sahaa ƴiiƴam rokkirtenoo ko fawaade e enɗam, ɗum firti ko neɗɗo arata rokkude ƴiiƴam tan ko banndum. Rokkooɓe yarlitiiɓe keewaano, ine limoo. Nii woni ina saɗannoo min huuɓnude soklaaji ɗii, tawi kadi ko soklaaji joofiiɗi nguurndam yimɓe. Ko ɗuum addannoo kam fiɓde e fellitde dañande kaa ngonka feere. Ɗuum noon ina naamninoo lelnugol feere e juɓɓule kuuɓnugol e loowtugol ƴiiƴam wonande leydi ndii fof. Ɗuum ɗoon noon ina ɗaɓɓunoo dallinaango ŋeerngo feewde e jaagorɗe cellal bayletonooɗe ñalnde fof.
Nii woni, caggal duuɓi 10 darnde, e pellital e ŋatgol e fiɓnde ndee, e hitaande 2002, politik ngenndiijo loowtugol ƴiiƴam lelnaa, Nokku Ngenndiijo loowtugol ƴiiƴam kam e booñuuji ƴiiƴam cosaa e nder wilaayaaji leydi ndii fof. Ngam wallitde wilaayaaji nder leydi ɗii, haralleeɓe keblaa, peeje cakkaa no booñuuji ƴiiƴam e opitaaluuji diiwaniiji ɗii ngollorii.
Ɗuum jeyaa ko e geɗe ɗe ɓur-mi weltanaade e nguurndam am, so yiyde hankadi sarwisaaji ɗii mbaɗtii waawde huuɓnude soklaaji to bannge ƴiiƴam e loowtugol, hay so tawii noon eɗum waawi ɓeydaade moƴƴineede.
To bannge golle, min teskiima keewɓe e rokkooɓe ƴiiƴam ɓee ina ngondi e fiɗo maantinngo wirus sooynaɓo B. E nder poosuuji ƴiiƴam nay fof, heen gooto ko beddeteeɗo sabu mum soomde antiseen (antigène) HBs. Nii woni, kuccan-mi waɗde e ɗowde wiɗtooji katojinaaɗi, kollitɗi caragol e jaajgol saɗeende ndee e ummanaade kadi waɗande ɗum hujjinaango ngam haɓde e sooynaɓooji wiriseeji rewrude e naatnugol feso mum e nder tuugnorgal fesooji gaadoraaɗi ɗii, kam e lelnugol feere ngenndiire kaɓgol e sooynaɓooji wiriseeji e cosgol Duɗal Ngenndiwal Heeño-wiriwal (Institut National d’Hépato-virologie).
Wonande fiɗo VIH/SIDA e ñawbuuli goɗɗi daaɓrooji njogoram, tuggi 1991 haa 2014, mi ɗowii denndanngal wiɗtooji gaddanɗi Muritani waawde lelnude peeje ngeendiije e politikaaji kaɓgol e fiɗo VIH/SIDA e Piɗe daaɓrooje njogoram (IST). Mi wallitii lelnugol feere yiytirde wirisaaji ngam toppitagol e dewindagol ñawɓe VIH wonɓe e safraade, kam e compugol nokkuuji baajagol e ƴeewndagol bellitangol VIH. Ko ɗumɗoo woni ballal am seeɗa e kaɓgol e fiɗo VIH/SIDA.
Nde ngon-mi gardo nokku ngenndiijo senaare ndee (centre national d’hygiène) mi waawii gollaade ngam waɗtude Nokku Ngenndiijo Senaare oo Duɗal Wiɗtooji paatuɗi e Cellal Renndo kam e ƴellitde laboratuwaaruuji cellal renndo tammbinooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e tuugnorɗe cellal. Mi lelnii peeje gollondiral to bannge ganndal e kippuuji winndereeji keewɗi, mi wallitii kadi heblo faatungo e njiylawu.
FƁ : Ko aan gooto tan heɓi toon njeenaari hikka ?
P.BBL : Wonande hitaande 2017 ndee, OMS rokkii njeenaaje tati : njeenaari Fonndasiyoŋ Emiraaji Arab Dentuɗi wonande Cellal ndi ndokkaa-mi ndii, yantude e njeenaari Fonndaasiyoŋ Sasakawa wonande cellal ndokkaandi doktoor monngolinaajo gooto, e njeenaari Doktoor LEE Jong wook wonande cellal renndo ndokkaandi njuɓɓudi ina wiyee Brigade médicale internationale Henry Reeve to Kubaa.
FƁ : Geɗe ɗee laaɓtii no feewi, tee min mbeltanimaa-ma, min mbeltaniima Muritaninaaɓe fof e ko keɓ-ɗaa koo. Yo a jorogo jam. Konngol maa cakkitol ngol njiɗ-ɗaa werlaade banndiraaɓe ɓee :
P.BBL : Pellital e weltaare wallitde weytaare yimɓe ko huunde nde neɗɗo suɓotoo e ɓernde mum, gollira ɗum ɓernde laaɓnde, joomum waasa ɗaminaade heen hay manoore wootere ummoraade e nokku ɗo ɗum gollaa ɗoo. Kono so Alla haajii ndeen manoore ummoriima e winndere, dakamme majjum alaa ɗo haaɗi, tee a yenante a gollii ko potno-ɗaa gollude, a weltoto kadi no feewi e mbelemma e faaro yimɓe ɓadiiɓe ma paarnotoo heen, no sehilaaɓe maa e jiidaaɓe leydi fof mbeltortoo heen, paarnortoo ɗum. Ko ɗum golle duuɓi capanɗe tati, gollodaaɗe e ɓadiiɗe e sehilaaɓe e denndaangal darinooɓe e jokkuɓe e daraade ngam weytinde yimɓe.
Miɗo yetta on no feewi e darnde ndari-ɗon ngam humpitde yimɓe ndee.
Waɗi jokkondiral ngal ko Bookara Aamadu Bah


text:
Banndiraaɓe, yeewtere men hannde toɗɗii ko nguurndam gooto e daarorɗe yontaaji, sagata timmuɗo basorɗo, keccel laaɓa juuɗe, jaayre e nder yontaaɓe.
Nanngaten hannde ko nguurndam oo mo ngannduɗaa, wuuri ko seeɗa, laamii kadi ko seeɗa kono ñalaaɗe mum e ñaam golluuje mum njiƴƴata ko e njuuteendi aduna. Nanngaten hannde ko nguurndam Tomaa sankara.
Eɗen nganndi ko ñalnde alkamisa 15 nduuɗoo lewru kawle ndu ngonɗen, hitaande 1987, o jamfanoo, o waraa, heedde 16w30. Hikka kadi e ndeeɗoo hitaande 2009, ñalawma artii banndi mum, ñalawma alkamisa o hawri ko e 15.
Ko ɗum waɗi banndiraaɓe heewɓe ɗaɓɓiti nde nduttittoɗen e nguurndam oo gorko gaannuɗo wiɗtooɓe e winndooɓe, haaliyankooɓe e yimooɓe.
Guurɗo mo tinaaka so maayii, woyetaake sabu ko yettata guurɗo ko, ko ɗuum woyata maayɗo. Yettata guurɗo ko gollal mum; woyata maayɗo ko gollal mum.
Ngam waɗande banndiraaɓe yeewtere nde, nduttitiɗen ko e deftere nde mbinnduno ɗen e dow nguurndam oo gorko gila e hitaande 1987, yontere caggal sankaare nde kono nde muuloyaa ko Farayse e ballal gorko ngenndiyanke, gardiiɗo hannde to dowla Senegaal Fedde A R P/ Tabital Pulaagu hono musiɗɗo Mammadu Alasan Bah. Nde yalti e muulirde Binndi Pulaar ko ñalnde 23 lewru bowte hitaande 1993. To bannge wallifo mayre won ko ƴoogɗen e deftere jaayndeyanke gooto ena wiyetee Seneen, caggal ɗum ko ko rajooji e jaayɗe caaktunoo e sankaare nde. En ndañiino kadi fartaŋŋe jokkondirde e yimɓe jeyaaɓe toon e wuurnooɓe toon, ko adii nde njillotoɗen leydi ndi.
Maa en eto joofanaade heen banndiraaɓe: Nde o jibinaa kanko Tomaa Sankara, no o janngiri, no o naatiri e konunkaagu, nde o anndondiri e Belees Kompaawore, to Belees Kompaawore jibinaa e no janngiri, caɗeele laamuuji Hot Woltaa, no Tomaa Sankara ardi e laamu, hol nde Hot Woltaa waɗti wiyeede Burkinaa Fasoo? Hol ko addani Tomaa wareede ? E hol ko heddii e Sankara caggal maayde mum?
Ko adii nde naatanten nguurndam oo gorko tedduɗo, birniiɗo hannde e gite yimɓe, mo wirnotaako haa bada e hakkillaaji mumen, ena jojji nde njubbanten banndiraaɓe jubbannde daartiyankeere leydi ndi e aardinooɓe ndi, ko adii garal makko kanko Tomaa Sankara e jappeere, hay so en njuutnaaki.
Hakkunde teeminannde 11ɓere fayde teeminannde 14ɓere, nokku o wonnoo ko dingiral kure e gaawe, laañe e silamaaji hakkunde harbiyankooɓe ummortonooɓe bannge rewo leydi Gaana hannde ndi e joom diineeji en wonɓe bannge worgo to diiwaan Tenkedoogo. Ɓeen ruggiyankooɓe ena mballondiratnoo e joom diineeji en tawi ko jeyaaɓe e nokku he.
Adii hoɗde ɗoon e nokku he ko leƴƴi moosinkooɓe. Ena jeyaa e laamɓe ɓurɓe dowlude e ɗiinɗoon leƴƴi, laamɗo biyetenooɗo Mogo Naaba kuuda. O jeyaa ko e laamɓe adii laamaade nokku o. O jooɗinoo ko e diiwaan ɗo wiyetee hannde Wagadugu.
Hakkunde teeminanɗe 16 e 17 gure lammuɗe peeñii. Kannje fof e lammude e oon sahaa, ko ɗeeɗoo gure nay ɓurnoo: Faada, Wagadugu, Tenkedoogo e Yaatennga.
E oon sahaa kadi Purto Geec ngariino e leydi he. Ko kamɓe nginni wooto e maaje nokku o, ɓe mbiyi ngo: Woltaa. Hannde e ngeeɗoo ñallunge ngo wiyetee ko Muhun.
E teeminannde 19ɓere, nokku o wuliino jaw: ko mi warii, mi gañii walla mi dahii hakkunde laamɓe waɗtondirnooɓe gite. E hitaande 1896 tawi tuubakooɓe ngarii haa e Daawme, ɗo wiyetee hannde Bene e to Sudaa, ɗo wiyetee hannde Mali, ndañi no naatiri e ndii leydi haa njettoyii laamorgo ngo e to bannge worgo to diiwaan Gurunsi.
Duuɓi ɗiɗi nde pawtinoo heen, tuubakooɓe Farayse ndañi sago mumen e ndii leydi so jiimde denndaangal diiwanuuji mayri. Ngam yiɗde tabitinde ndiin njiimaandi, ɓe mbaɗi konunkooɓe maɓɓe, kamɓe tuubakooɓe ɓe, ɓe ngardini ɗum en e nder ɗeeɗoo gure: Wagadugu, Kuudugu, Faada, Ngurmaa, Wahiguya, Tenkedoogo, Kaaya, Doori, Boobo Julaso, Deedugu, Gaawa e Bacce.
Nde yahi haa e hitaande 1919, ko ndeen woni nde leydi ndi rokkaa innde Hot Woltaa. Hot firti e ɗemngal Farayse ko ko toowi, woltaa e ɗemngal Purto Geec en ko maayo walla caanngol. Innde nde fof firti ko maayo toowngo walla caanngol toowngol.
Keeri mayri ndarnaa, ndi yantinaa e jeyi tuubakooɓe. Ndi yantaani tan e jeyi tuubakooɓe haaɗi ɗoon, kono ndi wonti ko faawru gollotooɓe, gollantooɓe leyɗeele Afrik bannge hirnaange gonɗe e les njiimaandi Farayse haa teeŋti noon e Kodduwaar. Golle ɗee ne, no paamirton, ko golle ndoolndoolaagu ɗe aldaa e njoɓdi. Nde yahnoo haa ɓooyi, luure pusi ndi, kayri leydi ndi. Heen bannge, yiɗɓe gollinde nana njiirondira ndi; oya bannge ko ɓinngu baabaagu hakkunde Noppi Boɗeeji e dow mayri diwtii aada.
Nii woni, ngam safrude luure ɗe, ñalnde 5 lewru siilto maa mbiyen settaamburu hitaande 1932, yamiroore ari yo leydi ndi fecce hakkunde Kodduwaar, Sudaa( Mali hannde) e Niiseer.
Kodduwaar roni Wagadugu, Kuudugu, Tenkedoogo, Kaaya, Gaawa, Bacce, Boobo Julasoo e feccere e diiwaan Deedugu. Sudaa, kañum ne, nawi feccere heddinoonde e diiwaan Deedugu nde e diiwaan Wahiiguya o fof. Niiseer nawi Faada, Ngurmaa e Doori.
Hot Woltaa wontaani walla rennditaani gila nde feccanoo so wonaa ñalnde 4 settaamburu hitaande 1947. Duuɓi ɗiɗi pawtii heen Farayse neldi koohoho mawɗo hono biyeteeɗo Muraag, yo won goforneer Wagadugu tawi fayndaare mum ko ko haɗde leydi Hot Woltaa ndi yantude e fedde” Dental Potal Afrik, ɗum woni e ɗemngal farayse R D A( Rassemblement Démocratiŋue Africain).
Nde o yalti leydi e hitaande 1953, o ɗacci ko haɓɓere woltanaaɓe fusii, wontii pelle tati luurondirɗe hakkunde mumen, luurondirɓe kadi e ” dental potal Afrik”. Pelle dawriyankeeje ceeraani e soseede kono pelɓondiral hakkunde majje seeraani e waɗde.
E hitaande 1958, ñalnde 28 settaamburu, nokku biyeteeɗo Hot Woltaa o daranii yo wontu hankadi ndenndaandi, njeyaandi e fedde leyɗeele gonɗe e les njiimaandi Farayse. Ñalnde 19 abriil 1959 toɗɗe maa mbiyen woote dawraa.
Fedde daraniinde potal Hot Woltaa, nde ɓe mbiyata e ɗemngal farayse U. D. W -R. D.A towni. Nii woni ñalnde goo lewru mee e hitaande nde wootere hono gardiino fedde nde toɗɗaa yo won gardiiɗo goomu diisnondiral kalifaaji maa mbiyen jaagorɗe, ɗuum woni e ɗemngal farayse ” president du conseil des ministres” . O wiyetee ko Moriis Yame-oogo. Ko kanko lomtinoo gorko biyetenooɗo Useŋ Kulibali nde sankii ñalnde 7 settaamburu hitaande 1958 to laamorgo dowla Farayse. Ñalnde 5 lewru uut hitaande 1960, leydi ndi heɓi hoyre mum.
Tuggude e ñalngu nde leydi Hot woltaa ndi heɓi hoyre mum haa ñalnde 3 saamwiyee hitaande 1966 ko Moriis Yame-oogo laaminoo. Gila oon sahaa kadi haa ñalnde 25 noowaamburu hitaande 1980 ko Sanngulee Lamisanaa jooɗii e jappeere laamu. Caggal ɗuum ko Saay Serboo ardii ndi haa ñalnde 7 noowaamburu hitaande 1982. Tuggude e nguun ñalngu haa ñalnde 4 uut hitaande 1983 ko Saŋ Batiis Waderaa-oogo.
Caggal ɗuum laamu ɓurngu teskinde e nde lamuuji leydi ndi naati dingiral tawi ardii ɗum ko suka cukkitɗo pittaali sukaaɓe afriknaaɓe: oon woni Tomaas sankara.
Hol gonɗo Tomaa Sankara?
Tomaa woni innde nde. Sankara ko yettoode. Ko Sanngare bonnaa, waɗtaa Sankara. Yumma makko ko moosi, wiyetee ko Margarit Sankara. Baaba makko ko pullo, wiyetee ko Sosef Sankara, jibinaa ko e hitaande 1919. Ko konunke o wonnoo. O fellii e wolde adunayankeere hakkunde kitaale 1939 e1945, haa o jeyaa e ɓe Almaañ dahnoo ɓe. Joom-suudu makko, kanko Tomaa, wiyetee ko Mayram Sankara. Ɓiɓɓe makko ko ɗiɗo: Ogiste e Filip. O jibinaa kanko Tomaa Sankara ko ñalnde 21 deesaamburu 1949 e nder wuro ɗo wiyetee Yaako. Ko kanko woni tataɓo e sukaaɓe ɓe jinnaaɓe makko njibini. Sukaaɓe fof ko sappo e nder heen rewɓe njeegomo. Tomaa janngi duɗal mum leslesal ko e wuro wiyeteengo Gaawa.
Ngo heedti ko bannge hirnaange-worgo leydi ndi. O ari ɗoon ko omo yahra e duuɓi jeegom. Ko ɗoon o fuɗɗii hawrude e mbaydi kalfaandi tuubakooɓe. Jiiloowo duɗal wuro ngo ko tuubaak wonnoo e oon sahaa.
Gila ndeen, ena yiyaa e makko, kanko Tomaa Sankara, jaamburaagal e jaambaraagal ngal alaa ɗo haaɗi. Waɗii sahaa gooto, yahdiiɓe makko ena njiɗnoo fijirde welo ɓiy jiiloowo duɗal ngal kono noon kuli luɓaade nde wonnoo ko tuubaak. Oon sahaa noon tuubaak ena hulaa e Afrik haa ko foti alaa. Kanko Sankara, o wiyi maa o luɓo, so ngel saliima, o heɓtira doole ko yiɗi fof yo won. O fokkiti, o tawi cukalel ngel ɗo fijatnoo. Ndeen o yettiima, o haali haaju makko, tuubakel ngel salii. kanko ne o waɗi ko o wiynoo ko, so heɓtude welo cukalel ngel, o nawi haa haaju makko gasi heen, o artiri. Baaba makko noddaa, leeɓtaa, leeɓtiraa sabu ɗuum.
Yahii kadi haa sahaa goɗɗo, sukaaɓe tuubakooɓe nanngi araaraay leydi Hot Woltaa nduppi. Tomaa Sankara renndini sukaaɓe leydi ndi, wiyi ɗumen yo ngar, ngitta ndee yawaare sabu arani arii e nokku, waɗii heen geɗe cewɗe, ko yawaade joom nokku en ɓe. So neɗɗo duppii araaraay leydi, hoyni ko ndiin leydi no diidorinoo. Nii woni e gardagol makko, sukaaɓe kocci cabbi, piyi ɓiɓɓe tuubakooɓe haa ɓafi.
Nde o yawtunoo e kawgel ngam faytude e jaŋde hakkundeere, o fayti e wuro wiyeteengo Boobo-Julaso, e duɗal ɓe mbiyata” Duɗal Useŋ Kulibali”. Ko ɗoon o heɓi berwe makko. Oon sahaa, omo yahra e duuɓi sappo e jeegom. (Ina jokki)
NJaay Saydu Aamadu


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NAFOORE WAAWDE WINNDUDE E JANNGUDE ƊEMNGAL MUM
Caggal janngude celluka, Ƴeewde ko fotata sawndineede ɗoon, waawde celluka kaa, waawde mbinndiin oo, winndude ɗemngal pulaar ngal haa sella, waawde yiiloraade ɗemngal pulaar haa yettoroo ɗum gannde goɗɗe.
E nder gannde goɗɗe jettorteeɗe ɗee, ina jogii ganndal goɗngal biyeteengal pindingol ( *conscientisation*), pindingol ko feewti e dawrugol, gila e law !
Kamɓe janngooɓe ɓee, ɓe ngannda faayiida ɗemngal e nder nguurndam neɗɗo, faayiida ɗemngal e nder darnde neɗɗo, ɓe ngannda faayiida ɗemngal e nder batte neɗɗo. Ɓe ngannda pelɓondiral ɗemɗe e nder leydi ko firi. Ɓe ngannda jokkondiral ɗemɗe e nder leydi ko firi ! Ɓe ngannda paamondiral ɗemɗe e nder leydi ko firi. Ɓe paama jiggaade ɗemngal e dow leňol goɗngol ko firi.
So ɓe nganndii ɗuum, ɓe paamii ɗuum, ma ɓe paam so a wirtiima neɗɗo, aan ɓuri ɗum doole, ferimaa ma, a yanii, wontii jam, tawata won ɓagganɗo ɗum koyɗe [...]
*Huunde e yeewtere* : Dr. Mammadu DEM, Hooreejo lannda Kisal Senegaal, e sahaa uddugol duɗal pulaar Kanadaa tolno II
*Roɓindo* : Aamadu Tijjaani KAN, winndiyanke.


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Sori, hikka waɗata duubi jeeɗiɗi haa njahdi he naange ko nduŋi-ɗaa min, ngoppu-ɗaa caggal maa waayeeɓe duhol maa, kono kadi hoɗaaɓe baasal gannde e pine jaajɗe. Ko goonga noon alaa mo alaa lomto, kono ina waɗi ɓe lomto mum en weeɓaani. Ko he ɓeen njeye-ɗaa. Ndee ñalaande 15 Korse (suwee) 2013, beetawe gulɗo jaw joorɗo kos, kammu kuuriiɗo duule « sirus » e « sataratus » ƴuufɗe diƴƴe, ko ndeen kabrol birnagol maa maɓɓi he koye amen. Min ngumaa, min ngumi, min paaɗi, min muumɗi. He ko arti he hoore am, ko nde min ɓadoto maa aɗa tara aɗa fira Sayhat-el-Maɗluum (Wulaango Kiiɗaaɗo), jaaynirgol gootiɗinngol ngenndiyankooɓe mauritaninaaɓe he kitaale 70. Jaaynirgol kaɓɓol ngol MND (Dillere Ngenndire Demokarasiire) yaltintunoo. Gila he kitaale 67-68 yarlitaare maa duñ maa haa njaɓ-ɗaa wonde jannginoowo duɗe leslese caggal nde ndiiwe-ɗaa « liisee » ngati darnde maa he « diɗɗal 19 ». Nawe-ɗaa Eeleega (Laamorgo Barakna) ɗo ngon-ɗaa ceerno almuɓɓe ɓurɓe ma maa ɓe pot-ɗaa darnde e duuɓi. Pellital maa dañde ko famɗi fof 90% almuɓɓe maa yoo ɓennu « koleysa » fonndatee tan ko he giɗli maa yowtude « Bakka C » tawa ko aan janngini hoore maa. Nder guurti deftuɗi heen ɗii, keɓ-ɗaa fartaŋŋe wallitde min, minen wonnooɓe almuɓɓe. Jaŋde guurti. Ko ndeen kadi kumpit-ɗaa min he jaŋde Pulaar, ngaddiin e mbinndiin e celluka e kelmeendi.
Nde sabu darnde maa, Sahre-Ndoogu seedtini nder dille pinal e coftal-ɓalli nder falnde ndee kala. Haa caggal Maayo Fuuta. Seede mum ko golle men nder gure koɗdiiɗe hono Siñtu-Daŋɗe, Demet… kono kadi oo-gaa bannge ne kay, Calgu, Saye, Cidee, Ɓoggee. Tinndinoore nde mbinndir-ɗaa kuɗol maa, nde kollir-ɗaa aan he hoore maa, meeɗaa yejjiteede. Yimre waɗtindiinde heen haali fof : « minen min ndawliima, kanko yo o miijto ɓernde makko, o suusa, o yaawa, o ara o abboo… ». Mate won ko cooynino-ɗaa ? Onon tawanooɓe kaa haala, njaafo-ɗee kam sibu ko ko arti he hakkille am tan mbinndu-mi, mi jiimaani he yimre nde. Ko he kitaale 80 FƁPM udditi « Dudal Toowngal » ngam heblude jannginooɓe, sera goomu Saggitorde Pulaar ngu UNESCO tafatnoo halfinno maa. Ceerno Alfaa Ibirahiima Soh seediima golle maa heen. Min ndañii tawtoreede ɗee golle ɗiɗi fof. Ko he ngal duɗal ndokku-ɗaa min ko mooftii he ɗemngal Pulaar/Fulfulde, dabi doosɗe celluka kam e kawraaɗi to bannge mbiindiin. Njeñtudi wiɗto maa e njiilaw maa wallitii defte puɗɗorɗe celluka keewɗe haa hannde ina kuwtoree ɗoo he Muritani e Senegaal e Mali e Gine e Burkina e Niijeer. Juulde Layya mo CELTHO abbimaa ma sahre-goonga caggal jahdigal gila he nduu adunaaru. Bah Ibrahima Demmba, BID, nguurndam maa naftii haa rufi. Nde mbakki-ɗaa Bakka C, ngadi-ɗaa naatde ko he Dental Kuuɓnungal Janngooɓe e Hebleteeɓe Muritaninaaɓe (UGESM -Union Générale des Etudiants et Stagiaires Mauritaniens -). Fedde jokkondirnoonde harbiyankooɓe MND. Yanti he giɗli maa e wiɗto maa he kala ko fayti he pinal. Aan fof he yowtude seedantaagal « asiñoor » Kumpital pooɗtingal (Télécommunications) to Farayse, haɗaani ma dillin’de sabaabu he senngooji ganndal keewɗi goɗɗi, haa arti he ɗemɗiyankaagal, renndiyankaagu, daartol ngenndiiji, teeŋti noon he ko soomii he duttorɗe jaŋtaaɗe e daartiyankooje, ekn.
So en ciftinii ko musiiɗo maa, jokkondiro maa, mawne Aamadu Ham-Paate Bah wiynoo, eɗen mbiya hay sinno Sori wonaa fannuyanke donaaɗi e goowaaɗi Fulɓe, he jaati ko o defterdu sumndu. Njeya-ɗaa ko he yonta guurɗo hakkunde kesamaagu e donaaɗi e goowaaɗi (ko kelmeendi maa). Yonta kuɓindiiɗo karallaagal kesal, yonta jahduɗo he pinal e ngenndiyankaagal. Aan fof he haroliɗde he fannu ceɓɓitaniiɗo ganndal e karallaagal, a gollaniima cete goɗɗe cariiɗe. He sahaa nde njotondir-ɗaa he pelle winndereeje keewɗe ciiri, a golliima he duɗe Doŋre Afiriki hono CILSS e ESMT nde ngardino-ɗaa, njaggirno-ɗaa hoore maa ko a ɓiɗɗo winndere. A yettiima ɗoon tigi.
Gorko nangtinooɗo he pinal mum, peewnuɗo musidal e muñal e muuyeede renndeede ganndal. Miin he hoore am, mbeɗe waawi seedtaade yandinaare e yondinaare maa. Ko nde Jaagorɗe ASECNA (16 oon sahaa) ndenti, cuɓi maa yo a ardonoyo ɗum en Duɗal Afirikiwal ngam ganndal duule e Piiroyankaagal (EAMAC :- Ecole Africaine de la Météorologie et de l’Aviation Civile) to Ñaamee, leydi Niijeer. Ko he ngal duɗal njaangu-mi. Nde noddu-ɗaa mi ndokku-ɗaa mi kabrol ngol, ndañ-mi heen weltaare mawnde. Ngon-mi he sifaade fannu duɗal EAMAC yahri, he faarnaare nde ɓiɗɗo Muritaninaaje, ɓiɗɗo Sahre-Ndoogu wonata Jiiloowo ngal duɗal keblowal haralleeɓe toowɓe e « asiñoreeɓe » to bannge piiroyankaagal. Kanngal gootal woodi he doŋre Afiriki. Kono weltaare am juutataa ngati taƴ-ɗaa mbaaba he hakkunde, miy-ɗaa mi : « Aamadu, mi waawaa jaɓde ngoo miijo ngati mi wonaa karallo majjum ». Ndaw yandinaare. Ko caggal ɗuum seeɗa toɗɗe-ɗaa Jiiloowo ESMT to Ndakaaru. Hii ! ɗoo dey ko he weendu maa ngon-ɗaa, doole liingu men ko he diƴƴe Oolo men, caaɗngol ilnowol Weendu Saye men e kolongal Dogolli ɗo mbootu daasaa. Nde ndew-ɗaa Jaagorde Gollorɗe e Befal nder laamu he mudda 2005, a woppii ɗoon batte haa hannde ina njaŋtee. Gollidinooɓe maa ceerataa he ɓamtude oo ɓiɗɗo Muritani, ɓiɗɗo Sahre-Ndoogu mo nawaani gacce.
Sori, ko a kellifaaɗo nder hellifaaɓe. Kellifaaɗo mo hono mum Aamadu Ham-Paate Bah sifotoo « Kellifaaɗo tuugneteeɗo waawata tan ko sellude, sabi makko won’de tuugneteeɗo, tawii noon ñemmbuɗo ina heewi yettaade he renndo ɗo yahdaani he jikku mum » . O heewi ko yan’de teɓɓitannde tolnondirnde he tooweeki renndo o yettinoo. Aan min naniri “sikke-alaa”, maayde firata ko nattude nguurndam he jaati, minen miñe’en e mawne’en, musiɗɓe maa, yahdiiɓe maa, almuɓɓe maa, amin mbaawi wiyde tawa amin njanenaa min puujaaki, a maayaani. A wirni tan he gite amen, hono no musiɗɗo maa Murtuɗo Joob wiyatnoo « a suddiima leppi leydi, leydi suddii ma leppi teddungal ».
Suwee (korse) 2020 || Amadou Malal GUEYE
Fooyre Ɓamtaare, amagueye@gmail.com
+222 48 61 39 03 / +221 77 321 33 62


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Ɗo yahanoo artaa fof, “seppo artiraaɓe” ngo mbiyno-ɗen ummiima Ɓoggee ñalnde 25 abriil 2014. Alaa kumpaaɗo lappol maɓɓe gila ndeen, haa nde ɓe njettii Nuwaasoot, ɓesngu wuro ngoo jaɓɓii ɓe jaɓɓongal jooɗngal, laamu nguu njaɓɓorii ɓe no soofi so waɗde polis e sanndarmori yo lottu e maɓɓe gerenaaduuji e nanngude won e maɓɓe.
Ɗo yahanoo artaa fof, “seppo artiraaɓe” ngo mbiyno-ɗen ummiima Ɓoggee ñalnde 25 abriil 2014. Alaa kumpaaɗo lappol maɓɓe gila ndeen, haa nde ɓe njettii Nuwaasoot, ɓesngu wuro ngoo jaɓɓii ɓe jaɓɓongal jooɗngal, laamu nguu njaɓɓorii ɓe no soofi so waɗde polis e sanndarmori yo lottu e maɓɓe gerenaaduuji e nanngude won e maɓɓe. Caggal ɗuum, ɓe mbaɗii e wuro hee fotde balɗe 10 to joɗnde Covire mo Mammadu Kan, hade maɓɓe bismeede tele, yo ɓe ngar ɓe kaala no seppo maɓɓe yahri e hol ko addani ɓe seppude. Ko caggal ɗuum, mawɗo leydi oo jaɓi noddude ɓe yo ɓe ngar to galle laamorɗo too, ñalnde 14 mee wonnoo, ɓe ñalli fadde haa wiyaa mawɗo leydi oo, wiyi yo ɓe pottoy Ɓoggee, waawaa yiyde ɓe ɗoo. Ɗum fof e waade noon, ɓe nekkaani, ɓe pottitoyi e mum to Eeleega ñalnde 18 mee 2014. Nde ngarti ɗoo e Nuwaasoot, ɓe njuɓɓinii yeewtere jaayndiire ñalnde 20 mee ngam bayyinde ko ɓe kaaldi e mawɗo leydi oo.
Ciimtol ɗo ɓe ndewdanoo …
Ɗum noon, caggal noon nde ɓe ɓeti walla ɓe njuurtinii ngonka maɓɓe kaa, gila e hitaande 2008 fayde hannde, ɓe tawi alaa fof ko feewi e geɗe maɓɓe, kamɓe taccinanooɓe feewde Senegaal, artiranooɓe e hitaande 2008. Ko ɗoon miijo arani ɓe ma a taw mawɗo leydi ndii wondi ko tinaani walla yettinaaka caɗeele ɗe ɓe ngondi ɗee. Ko ɗoon ɓe piɓi yahrude koyɗe gila e nder reedu Fuuta haa ɓe njettoo laamorgo ngoo. Ena gasa, e oon sahaa, tabalde mum maa yetto e kala jookli, gila e nder leydi Muritani ndii haa to caggal mayri. Ɓe ceppa haa ɓe njettoo mo, kanko Mohammed Wul Abdel Asiis, ɓe ngoytonoo mo ŋakke maɓɓe.
Ñalnde 24 seeɗto, ɓe mbaalti ko e wuro Ɓoggee. Ñalnde 25 lewru nduu, subaka mum, ɓe mbaynii Laamorgo Halayɓe, e gardagol Ibraahiima Aamadu Njaay lollirɗo Usmaan Njaay. E oon sahaa ko ɓe 54 neɗɗo. Ena heen e maɓɓe, rewɓe, mawɓe e sukaaɓe. Nde ngari haa e karafuur Gaaraas Ɓoggee walla Gaaraas Ñooli, ɓe ndartii, ɓe njanngi Ɓuraana tedduɗo oo e ɗemngal Siley Alhajji Jallo to Marayse sara Jiinge (simoore amma), ɓe cakkiti duwaawu haa ɓe ngasni, ɓe njani e yolnde. Ɓe ngoomii Hudallaay, yimɓe wuro ngoo njalti, jaɓɓii ɓe, ɗo daande godoroŋ ɗoo. Ɓe ñalloyi e Mabruuk (18 km wonande Ɓoggee), mbaaltoyi ñalnde heen ko e wuro Boyngel Cile.
Ñalnde 26 lewru seeɗto (abril), ɓe ndawi e Boyngel Cile, ɓe ñalloyi e Karafuur Eeleega, ɓe mbaaltoyi sawndo Weendu Eeleega. Ñalnde 27, ɓe mbaaltoyi ko yeeso Asweer, ɓe mbaali fooftaade haa weeti. Ñalnde 28 lewru abriil ndee, ɓe mballinoyi ko 12 km hade maa yettaade Butelmiina, so tawii ngummori-ɗaa ko to bannge Eeleega. E oon sahaa noon tawi ɓe ndaroyii, kamɓe seppooɓe ɓee e 95 neɗɗo. Ñalnde 29 ndee, ɓe ndawi, ɓe ngoomii wuro Butelmiina, ɓe ndaraaki. Ɓe ngari haa 10 km, so a yawtii Butelmiina feewde Nuwaasoot, oto yani ɗoon e gooto e seppatnooɓe ɓee ena wiyee Maamuudu Yero Bellel Sal ena jeyaa to wiyetee Hamdallaay. Gaañanɗe ɗee kiisaani kono tan o heɓii ruttineede Butelmiina ngam safreede. Caggal mum, o nawaa Nuwaasoot, o safroyaa, o arti, o tawti seppatnooɓte ɓee, o jokki seppo makko. Ñalnde 29 ndee haa hannde, seppo ngoo wallinoyi ko 20 km, yeeso Butelmiina. Ñalnde 30 lewru seeɗto, ɓe mbaaltoyi ko 95 wonande Nuwaasoot. Ñalnde 1lewru mee (mee) 2014, ɓe mbaali ko 60 km wonande Nuwaasoot. Ko ɗoon ɗiɗo e maɓɓe hono Haaruuna Ngusa Soh e Aamadu Aysata nulaa yo mbaɗoy jeewte e rajooji Nuwaasoot ngam humpitde jamaanu ɗo seppo ngoo yahrata e ko addannoo seppo ngoo waɗeede. Ñalnde 2 mayru, ɓe leloyii ko 30 km wonande Nuwaasoot. Ñalnde 3, ɓe njettii 15 km, naatirde Nuwaasoot heedde waktuuji 8 pawɗi seeɗa. Ko ɗoon ɓe ñalli kadi ɓe mbaalti e cakkital goomu kalfinaangu jaɓɓagol e dewindagol seppo ngoo.
Ñalnde 4 ndee, Waali Nuwaasoot waɗi e maɓɓe toon nulaaɓe ɗiɗo dariiɓe ngam jeertinde woto seppatnooɓe ɓee naatir laamorgo ngoo koyɗe, yo ngar e otooji.
Ɗo yahanoo artaa fof, caggal jokkondire keewɗe, waali rokki yamiroore yo ɓe ngar kono ko kamɓe seppatnooɓe ɓee tan tawi hay gooto goɗɗo jillondirtaa e maɓɓe. Ndeen ɓe ngarii haa e karafuur Madrid, jamaanu ndarinoongu gila e puɗal naange nguu, ñoori, tiindii e maɓɓe, kamɓe seppatnooɓe ɓee. Geɗe ɗee mbuukii, laabi ɗii coki haa seppatnooɓe ɓee ndonki ɗo ndewri. Ko ɗoon woni ɗo ƴiiwoonde garnatuuji toɓi haa silti e dow seppatnooɓe e arnooɓe jaɓɓaade ɗum en ɗo Karefuur Madriid ɗoo. Jiiɓru waɗi, jiiɓru mawndu waɗi. Waɗii yanɓe, gaañiiɓe e faɗɗiiɓe. Waɗii kadi tato nanngaaɓe heen: Usmaan Juulde Jah to Jeki-tuuba, Sammba Bullaay Salli Bah to Gurel Falli e biyeteeɗo Umaar Aliiw Bah. Ooɗoo cakkitiiɗo noon jeyaa ko e arnooɓe jaɓɓaade ɓee wonaa e seppatnooɓe ɓee.
Goomu kalfinanoongu jaɓɓagol e dewindagol seppo ngoo wonti e aaltaade, forlude e renndinde seppatnooɓe laawaaɓe ɓee. Ɓe paarnaa jippunde maɓɓe to jooɗorde Kofiir (Covire) mo Mammadu Kan to leegal Siiseem (Elimiina).
Ñalnde 12 mee 2014, ɓe njahi Tele-Muritani e cakkital won e jagge laamu ngam waɗde yeewtere e famminde gila no ɓe ngummorinoo Ɓoggee haa ɓe naati Nuwaasoot. E innde seppatnooɓe ɓee, njahi ñalnde heen tele ko Ibraahiima Aamadu Njaay, hooreejo Fedde ndee, gardiiɗo seppo ngoo, Haaruna Nguso Soh, Aamadu Aysata Soh e Ibba Joop.
Ñalnde 14 mee, nulal ari e maɓɓe wonde Mawɗo Leydi ndii ena yiɗi jooɗodaade 12 e maɓɓe, e nder heen rewɓe ɗiɗo. Aadi oo ko ñalnde heen. Ɓe keblii, ɓe njoñtoyii bannge goɗɗo. Arti e maɓɓe ko Mawɗo Leydi oo wiyi jooɗodoytoo e maɓɓe tan ko to diiwaan Baraknaa, e nder Eeleega walla e nder Ɓoggee. Haaɓre heɓi yimɓe fof haa won e miijooji kolliti waasde nootoyaade. Nde huundeere ndee waɗtanoo e tame hakkillaaji ceeɓti, tawtaa ko jamfaaji ɓurɗi fof mawnude e bonde e hersinaade e nder leñol ɓittangol cakkinoo. Hakkillaaji kadi ndarii haa fotnooɓe jooɗodaade e mawɗo leydi ndii, njahi ñalnde 17 to Eeleega woto wonɓe heblaaɓe e bonannde naattude heen.
Tesko-ɗen tan ko laamu nguu waɗi otooji ɗo ɓe njahi, jippini ɓe, jogii ɓe haa ɓe ngarti. Ɓe ngoni Eeleega haa ñalnde 18 mee 2014, ɓe njiydi e Mohammed Wul Abdel Asiis gila 21w30h haa e 22w46 h, fotde 1w16h.
Ɓe njeewtani mo toɓɓe 10 e ngoƴaaji maɓɓe dowrowi, gonnooɗi sabaabu seppo maɓɓe gila wuro Ɓoggee haa e nder Nuwaasoot haa jibini jaɓɓungal ngal njaɓɓoranoo to Karefuur Madriid ñalnde 04 lewru mee hitaande 2014. Ɗeen toɓɓe ngoni ɗeeɗoo:
1. toɓɓere kaayitaaji
2. Caɗeele koɗorɗe wonande wuurɓe e tuddule ɗee (sites)
3. Iddiya (lomtinangol) aynaaɓe, remooɓe e awooɓe e woɗɓe
4. Rokkitde ɓe leyɗeele maɓɓe
5. Naattinde ɓe e ñakawere nguurndam
6. Ƴeftitde gollotonooɓe e yuɓɓitinde martabaaji mum en
7. Safrude caɗeele ndiyam, jaŋde e cellal e mbaydi laawɗundi, kuuɓtidinndi wonande denndaangal tuddule ɗee.
8. Dennditingol ɓesnguuji pecciiɗi walla cariiɗi
9. Cafrugol caɗeele sanɗaaji
10. keptingol Fedde Artiranooɓe ummoraade Senegaal
Ñalnde 19 mee, ɓe mbaynii wuro Eeleega, ɓe njettitii Nuwaasoot heedde 10w25hojom.
Ñalnde 20 mee, ɓe njuɓɓini yeewtere jaayndiire to Galle Pinal Jaaƴe Kamara to Sokosim Ps ngam anndinde ko ɓe kaaldi e mawɗo leydi ndii.
Jaayndiyankooɓe jaambureeɓe heewɓe nootitiima e yeewtere ndee. Yeewti ñalnde heen ko Ibraahiima Aamadu Njaay, Haaruuna Ngusa Soh, Maalik Mbooc e Alasan Jibi Soh. Yeewtere ndee duumiima fotde 42 hojom. Ɓe njettii njaatigi maɓɓe Kofiir mo Mammadu Kan, jippinɗo ɓe e jooɗorde mum gila ñalnde 4 mee, goomu kalfinanoongu jaɓɓagol e dewindagol seppo ngoo e darnde mum seedtinnde. Ɓe cakkitorii ko njettoor feewde e Mawɗo Leydi ndii nde jaɓi heɗtaade ɓe e dumunna fotno juutde. Ɓe mbeltiima e podooje ɗe oon fodani ɓe ɗee. Oon fodanii ɓe cafrugol caleeɗe kaayitaaji e ko yaacci. So o naattii Nuwaasoot maa o rokku jamirooje, winndittooɓe neldee e nder tuddule ɗee. Maa o sos goomu rewindo njirlotoongu e tuddule ɗee ngam aynude caɗeele ɗe cafraaka tawo. To bannge leyɗeele ko huunde hittunde saɗne kono maa leyɗeele lewe haa njaaja mbele gooto fof ena heɓa heen fotde mum.
E nder naamnde jaayndiyankooɓe, njeertooji keewɗi peeñninaama heen. Ɓe ndeentinii ɓeeɗoo seppatnooɓe nde mbaɗtata hakkille no moƴƴi sabu podooje keewɗe ɓennii tawi alaa fof ko o waɗani joom mum en. Kamɓe e koye maɓɓe won ko ɓe kumpitii heen teeŋti e dumunna nde ɓe taƴtitta e hitaande 2008 ndee. Yo ɓe nganndu kadi wonde Mawɗo leydi oo ko naatɗo dingiral toɗɗe (woote).
Ñalnde 21 lewru mee, daakaa fusi, seppatnooɓe nduwondiri, mbaynondiri, gooto fof fayti to ummorinoo.


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Pullo
Pullo (keewal mum ko Fulɓe) ko lenyol aynooɓe (durooɓe) hoɗuɓe e diiwaanuuji Sahel takko jeereende Sahara. Hiɓe tawee hannde e leyɗe 15 Afirik Hiirnaange, yoga e majje ko Maali, Senegal, Gine haa leyɗe Afirik Hakkundeeri yeru Caad, Ndenndaandi Santrafirik e Sudaan. Ko woni sabu ngool saakitagol ko eggudu ndu aynooɓe ɓen ɗaɓɓiranta naʼi maɓɓe ɗin huɗo e njaram.
Hannde non Fulɓe ko ɓuri heewde koo accii nguurndam egga-hoɗa hino tabiti e nokkuure wootere hino jokki golleeji wano demal, njulaagu to caʼe mawɗe Afirik Hiirnaange. Hino woodi e maɓɓe kadi nanngooɓe liƴƴi teeŋtii Senegal-Moritani (hiɓe wiʼee toon Suubalɓe) maa Gine kanyum e nyeenyuɓe. Hannde ɗuuɗal Fulɓe ko juulɓe, ɗemngal maɓɓe no wiʼee pular maa pulaar maa fulfulde, hingal jeyaa e ɗemɗe Hiirnaange-Atlantik.
Ɗunndi Fulɓe ndin anndaaka no selliri sabu leyɗe ɗen woowaa waɗude winndito leƴƴi. Tuumo ngon hino hakkunde miliyonji 16 e miliyonji 25 haa 26.
Iwdi Fulɓe[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]
Iwdi Fulɓe ndin haa hannde anndaaka no laaɓiri. Annduɓe ɓen hino yeddondira gila teemedannde jeenayaɓere nden e fii on fiyaaku. Ko woni sabu mum non ko seedugol Fulɓe ngol e leƴƴi hoɗdaaɗi ɗin to mbaadi. Ko honɗum Fulɓe ɓen tigi wiʼi e on fiyaaku? E hino ɗoo ko bammbaaɗo (farba) Pullo mo Kamarun jantii: „Ko woni asngol e leñol Fulɓe fuu ƴoororde muʼum Malle. Pullo kam fuu Malle ƴifti, Pullo kam fuu woodaa e ƴiwi tonaa Malle. Innde Pullo kam fuu Malle nii ɗoofi. Mone fuu jammaa (jonnaa yettoore) e laawol, kanjum ɗuuɗini inɗe leʼi (leƴƴi) Fulɓe, amma koo non fuu, to lencitoraama nii, tawaa Pullo kam fuu Malle ƴoori.“ „Ukba woni jibbinɗo Fulɓe, puɗɗuɗo leñol maɓɓe, kanko aawi ngol. Kanko boo ɗum Aaraabo, fuuna o ƴiwi o yehi o jooɗoyi Fuuta Tooro. Ɗon o teʼi (resi) Bajju Maŋgo – woɓɓe Bajju Maŋga mbiʼiirata mo – mo leñol Sarakulleʼen… O dañi ɓiɓɓe nayo: rewɓe tato e gorko gooto. Kamɓe ngoni: Deeto, Wayyu, Naasu e Uuruba biʼeteeɗo Aaraabo. Nder nayo ɓeʼe ko won leñol Fulɓe fuu wurti.“ „…Fulɓe fuu Fuuta Tooro puɗɗi, ɗon Ukba jibbini ɓe. Ɓaawo maajum ɓe peri ɓe cankiti kadi. Ɗum waɗi wuro, ɗum waɗi lesdi. Abba maɓɓe huuci, nden ɗum ƴummi, kayrugol maɓɓe waɗi fuuna (funnaange) ton. Ɗum sampiti naʼi ɗuuɗi jamum … Koo moye tefti laawol abba (baaba) muuɗum, … Fulɓe peri fuuna ngam hiirna maɓɓe ɗum ndiyam Maayo Manngo, woyla maɓɓe ɗum geeŋelle njaareendi meere walaa ndiyam walaa huɗo, fommbina boo ɗum buubi laayɗe ɓaleeje cukkuɗe. Fuuna on kadi naʼi maɓɓe keɓata njaayri marndi ndiyam e huɗo. Nii kadi ɓe perori fuuna, ɓe peroraay lokkere wonnde. Nden kadi ɓikkoy Ukba ngurti Fuuta Tooro, ɓe ngari ɓe campiti diga (gila) Fuuta Ɓunndu, Fuuta Kinngi, nden ɓe naati kadi jonta ɗo.“ Ɗum suutaa ko e deftere LʼHistoire des Peuls Férobé du Diamaré, Maroua et Petté, nde E. Mohammadu yaltini e hitaande 1976 caggal yewtidugol e wammbaaɓe Fulɓe. Malle, ɗum ko laamateeri Maali ndi Sunnjata Keytaa sincunoo e teemedannde 13ɓere. Ukba Ben Nafi (maa Uqba Ibn Nafi) laatino mawɗo konu lislaamiyankeejo e teemedannde 7ɓere. Ko kanko dahi leyɗe Maxribi ɗen. Sikke alaa, koo ko jantaa ɗoo no haawnii sabu nde tawnoo Ukba Ben Nafi ko Aarabo, ko ɗemngal aarabu o haalaynoo. Wano non kadi, si o arii Fuuta Tooro o resii debbo Sarankulleejo, oon kadi ko ɗemngal mum sarankulleere wowlaynoo. Si ɓiɓɓe maɓɓe ɓen wonii e wowlugol ɗemngal ngal wonaa aarabuure wonaa sarankulleere, e maanaa fulfulde, sikke alaa ko taweede leñol Fulɓe ngol no woodunoo ko adii nde Ukba hewti Fuuta Tooro sabu neɗɗo heccataa mawɗo mum. Fahin, e nder winndooɓe daartol alsilamaaku ɓen, hay e gooto sifaaki jippagol Ukba haa Fuuta Tooro. E ko ɓuri sikkeede kon, Ukba feƴƴaali leyɗe Maxribi ɗen. Kono non hay si tawii ngol jantol tuugaaki e ko selli, ngol hollii wonde Fulɓe no mari iwdiiji ɗuuɗuɗi. Ko ɓuri heewde kon kadi e ko wiɗtotooɓe ɓen woni wiide kon ko ɗum faandii. Henri Lhote, wiɗtotooɗo faransiijo winndi e deftere mum lʼextraordinaire aventure des Peuls wonde Fulɓe no jeydi e aynooɓe ɓe nate mumʼen yiʼetee e kaaƴe jeereende Sahara, wano kaaƴe Tasili. E konngol makko, hiɓe jeydi e leƴƴi ecoppinaaji maa kushitiyankooji hoɗuɗi funnaange Afirik hannde. Maamiraaɓe ɗiin leƴƴi fow ko Funnaange Hakkundeeri (Moyen-Orient) iwri ari jillondiri e leƴƴi taakanji. Wiɗtotooɗo Pullo, Dr. Abuubakri Laam kañum e Misra Kinndi ɓuri tuugaade. Mukarovsky, wiɗtotooɗo otirisnaajo kadi no sikki helmere misraare hinnde ng (yeru kelme goʼo ɗe o limti e deftere makko Die Grundlagen des Ful und das Mauretanische yaltunoonde e hitaande 1963) no jeydi e nagge, e maanaa aynooɓe naatunooɓe leydi Misra Kinndi no jeyaa e maamiraaɓe Fulɓe. Wiɗtotooɗo faransiijo Alain Anselain kadi no sikki jeydigal no woodi hakkunde Fulɓe e Misrankooɓe aranɓe wondude e leƴƴi Afirik Funnaange-Nano. O hollitii ɗum e deftere makko La Question Peule (1982). Himo tawti e ngon ɗon senngo Henri Lhote mo adi-ɗen limtude. No woniri woo, Fulɓe senndotaako e leƴƴi Afirik Hiirnaange luttuɗi ɗin, fahin taariixa maɓɓe anndaaɗo on ko e oon diiwaanu fuɗɗii : ko e laamu Gana fii Fulɓe fuɗɗaa janteede e nder taariixa, ɓaawo ngun laamu lancike, dawla Fulɓe arano on, ɗum ko Laam-Tooro maa Tekrur hono no Aarabuuɓe ɓen wi’iraynoo non, feeñi e daande maayo Senegal. Ko ɗon ɓe iwi ɓe saakitii e nokkeeli heddiiɗi ɗin. Ɗemngal maɓɓe ngal kadi, fulfulde no jeydi fota wonaa seeɗa e ɗemɗe Afirik Hiirnaange wano njolfo e sereer, maa ɗemɗe bantu, ɗum no yi’oo e jogagol fulfulde pelle inɗe (classes nominales) maa e mbaadi yaññugol seekorde gollal (verbe).
Ɗemngal[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]
Liens externes[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]
- missionafrica.org.uk
- webPulaaku Portal of Fulɓe history and culture
- Online magazine published/edited in Fulfulde, peeral.com
- Online magazine published/edited in Fulfulde, pulaagu.com
- Online magazine in Fulfulde, pulaar.org
- Online Magazine, yaakaare.com
- Fulfulde online paper, gerngalfulbe.com
- Fulfulde online news site, mbiimi.com
- KJPF Egypt
- Online bilingual dictionary, peeral.com
- Mini trilingual dictionary of political and legal terminology, peeral.com
- Portal of Fulɓe Fuuta Jaloo history and culture, webfuuta.net
- Pulaar Speaking Association
- WorldStatesmen - Nigerian Traditional states
- Geerewol (Website about nomadic Fulɓe Woɗaaɓe ritual celebrations, with annotated music recordings and short videos featuring dance and ritual sequences. Supplement to the book of Sandrine Loncke)
- Online musical archives dedicated to Fulɓe Jelgooɓe (Burkina Faso) and Fulɓe Woɗaaɓe (Niger) musics and singings (Telemeta, CREM-CNRS)


text:
Nyalnde 6 ut 2008, yimɓe piniri fiddeende sabu nande e jaaynirɗe ko wayrunoo naneede so «Kominikee n°1» kolliroowo wonde kuulal ngal Hooreejo leydi ƴettunoo ngam ittude e golle mum en hilifaaɓe konu ceŋde nay ɗee fof, sabu makko tuumde ɓe ko kamɓe caabi iinyturu politik wonndu e leydi he, ummoriindu to won e dipiteeji jeyaaɗi e parti Adil dadnooɓe mo nde o dikkanii lefol laamu.
Hol noon ko saabii nduun iinyturu ? Hol ko addani senerooji ɗi follude laamu ngu aduna fof seedtanii jibinaa ko e laaɓal woote, ko laamu ngu ɓesngu suɓanii hoore mum ? Hol kappanɗe Muritani fawaade e waylo politik gonaaɗo o ? Hol darnde fotnde dareede ngam danndude Muritani ?
Ciftoren ɗo seeɗa
So en nduttiima seeɗa e taariik mo woɗɗaani, eɗen nganndi gila hitaande 1978 laamu siwil en natti e leydi he sabu koninkooɓe fellitde follude laamu Muktaar wul Daddaa sabu mum en luulndanoode wolde Saharaa ɗeɓnoonde boomde leydi ndi e waasde heen jeytaare mum. Tuggi oon nyalawma feewde jooni ko «tedda paɗe» en tan laamotoo ndii leydi, woorti daawal marsa 2007 feewde ut 2008, hay ɗum ko caggal nde wooteeji laaɓtuɗi mbaɗaa, Siidi wul Seek nawi raay laami. Kono en paamii, e ngal daawal ɓe ndeesti tan, kono ko e doŋal tan ɓe moggininoo, eɓe panndii no ɓe ngunndorii.
Kono kadi eɗen nganndi laamuu «tedda pade» en kala ɓuri heen sanndolinde ko ngarnoongu e 1984 e gardagol Maawiya wul Siidi Hamel Taayaa, teskinirngu lenyam-lenyaagu feewde e ɓaleeɓe, jaɓɓugol jojjanɗi aadee, warkoyaagu, ɓiɗtugol jaayɗeele e porlugol jawdi laamu e kala welma-dagoo mo cibooji makko ndokkanoo yo mbaɗ e leydi he.
Kono kadi nguun laamu teskoraa ko mukunyaa e nder woote, sabu nde Maawiyaa waɗda woote fof, ko kanyum tan hawata, etee ruttoo hanndoo.
E hitaande 2005, won goomu militeer en lollirɓe « Goomu Militeer en daraniiɓe Nuunɗal e Demokarasii » (CMJD) gunndii Maawiya, tawi ina woni e ɗanngal to leydi Arabi sawudit, folli laamu mum, ardini Eli wul Muhammed Faal. Ko adii ɗuum seeɗa, ko ina tolnoo e hitaande, nyande 8 suwee 2003, won militeer goɗɗo naatnoo e lamba he, hono Wul HANANNA, mo hay gooto anndaa ɗo suppitorii ina yooɓi saaruuji mum, riiwi Maawiya e mbaldi mum, fiddini ɓesngu Nuwaasoot ko ina tolno e balɗe ɗiɗi, kono kadi waɗi maayɓe mum, fotde yimɓe sappo fawɓe.
Gila oon nyalawma noon, ko aamnotonooka anndaa ina waawi gasde, ko hulɓininoo fuuyi. Holi ɗuum ? Ko follude laamu Maawiya. Ɗum addani CMJD sonyde ko goomu Hananna jabbunoo e teskaade noon wonde yoga e hoohooɓe oon goomu ko yaadiiɓe laamu Maawiya sabu ko hakkunde kalfinanooɗo ndeenka makko, desndaaɗo kisal Dowla, kam e mawɓe ceŋde konuuji e tuumaaɓe e warkoyeeji jolnooɗi e nder larme e hitaande 1991. Haa hannde ne kay, ko ɓeen polli laamu Siidi Wul Seek Abdalaahi, njibinaangu e woote laaɓtuɗo e marsa 2007.
Ko jeyi sabaabu iinyturu politik hannde ndu ?
Ko adii fof, ko salaade militeer en woɗɗitaade fiyakuuji politik sabu, eɗen nganndi, e nder Doosɗe leydi ndi, kala dadiiɗo ina harmani ɗum waɗde politik, foti wonde darnde maɓɓe tan ko reende kisal leydi e hormaade e danndude juɓɓule Dowla. Ko goonga ɓe loŋtanii en ƴiyal gendongal e goddol hono Maawiya, kono oto won kay eɓe mbaɗta ɓoggi e daaɗe men.
Gila e daawal « transition » ɓe kuninooma wonde maa ɓe tottit siwil en laamu, tawa ko rewrude e wooteeji laaɓtudi e mudda lebbi 18, etee ɓe njeytortaake e wooteeji he, ɓe ngonata ko jaambureeɓe. Hay so tawii ina teskaa wooteeji baɗnoodi ɗi laaɓtii (njenytudi majji waylaaka) ittaani, gila e fuɗɗoode, kamɓe militeer en ɓe, ɓe njeebaaki weeyo politik ngo, sabu ɓe ngadii fof ko dunyde won e hoohooɓe parti PRDS yo puso e oon parti, ngona jaambureeɓe (enndepanndaaji) mbele ina ndikkanoo wonde dipiteeji, ɓe cidi ɓe haa yoga e maɓɓe ngoni dipiteeji.
Nde woote Gardagol leydi faandii, ɓe luurdi hakkunde maɓɓe sabu won e maɓɓe ndekete ina meerotonoo wonde kanndidaaji, heddiiɓe ɓe njabaani, mbiyi kanyum en ko yo ɓe kuurnu konngol maɓɓe, wonde addaani ɓe laamaade. Heddii kadi eɓe ƴeewa holi mo ɓe poti dadde haa laamo. Ɓe luurdi ɗoon kadi. Ɗo rewanoo fof, keewal e maɓɓe nanondiri e Siidi wul Seek Abdallaahi (miijo maɓɓe ko oon ɓuri «weeɓde hofde ») kono kadi yimɓe fof ina ceedtanii oon nuunɗal e peewal. Tesko-ɗen noon ko waalaare nde Abdul Asiis heednoo nde wonani yoo ɓe mballu Siidi (ndeke kaŋko ne won ko oo meerotonoo).
Ɓe njamiri dipiteeji enndepanndaaji kala yo ngootan Siidi, kono ina waawi wiyeede addani Siidi foolde ko ballal ngal o hebi ummoraade e parti Mesauud (APP) e wootannooɓe kanndidaa Seyni wul Seydaan e tuur ɗimmo. Ko ɗum waɗi, nde Siidi jooɗii e jappeere nde tabitini kala ko huninoo, so waɗde Mesauud hooreejo Asammbele, halfini Guwarnama oo Seyne wul Seydaan, ruttii to bannge politik woni e siynude ko huninoo : gartirgol taccinaaɓe, battugol macungaagu no bonannde warhoore e eɓɓude peeje no falorii caɗeele peewtuɗe e nguura (PSI) ekn….
Kono law, dipiteeji ballunooɗi Siidi ɓi puɗɗi urɓude tawi ko e kirjingol les hoohooɓe militeer en ɓe, sabu e fuɗɗoode, ɓe puɗɗorii ko kampaany yo gardiiɗo Ministuruuji, hono Seyne wul Seydaan yo liɓe sabu «politik makko jiilgol laamu gallii». Ɓe ndewi Siidi haa itti oon. Guwarnama keso waɗaa e gardagol Yahyaa wul Muhammed el Waghef. Oon guwarnama noon ko e mbaadi kesiri : mawɗo leydi ndi, sabu yiɗde mum tiiɗtinde ngootaagu leydi ndi, e yiɗde ɗum naftoraade peeje e miijooji partiiji kala, sabu mum teskaade caɗeele dookɗe leydi ndi to bannge nguura, jaŋde, puɗɗagol ownugol (ko lolliri terorisma) e leydi he ekn…, felliti naatnude hay luulndinooɓe ɗum e laamu, e dow tuugnorgal politik laaɓtungal, nanondirangal.
Nde wonde noon dipiteeji ɓallunooɗi mo ɗi ko nehneeɓe Wul Taayaa, ngoowi tan ko laŋkude e welliteede e porlugol jawɗeele laamu e suɗtude bonanndeeji mum en ɓennuɗi, mbiyi woy saa yoo ɓeeɗoo ɓe mballaano Siidi e saanga woote ina naatnee e guwarnama. Kono ngam wemjinde ɓesngu ɓe kuutorii ko wiyde wonde waɗaaɓe e laamu ngu ko watulaaɓe Maawiya ngonnoo, ko maandeeji bonannde jawdi laamu (Rumuus el Ɓesad en). Ndaw ko haawni noon, sabu ɓeen wiyooɓe noon, ko hakkunde tuumaaɓe warkoyaagu, yoolɓe sosiyeteeji laamu, yuɓɓintunooɓe nguykaali e nder wooteeji ekn…
Ko laaɓti koo tan, ko ɓe ooyooɓe etee ɓe njiɗi ko yo Siidi tottitɓe kala postooji neenɗuɗi e nder laamu he, jokka e laamoraade no ɓe ngowruno e saanga nde Maawiya laamii nde, etee ko fayti e won ɗeen toɓɓe yeru : artirde taccinaaɓe, sunnaade warkoyaagu mbaɗnoongu e duuɓi ɓennuɗi ɗi e kaɓtagol macungaagu ko yo won haala tan, kono hol to siyne. Militeeruuji ɗii ne, yiɗde mum en, ko yo Siidi heddoo e ndigal mum en, hol to o waa ko wonaa ko ɓe njamiri ɗum walla ko o diisnii ɓe : ɗum firti ko hay ko mbaawka ka Doosgal leydi rokki ɗum, fotaani huutoraade ɗum so wonaa tawa eɓe mbelaa. Ɗum noon ko Siidi yo o won laamɗo «sokkini » tawa alaa e ittu alaa e waɗtu, ko «heɓi dawna» tan.
Siidi noon, ko ko haalpulaar en mbiyata koo tan «maayo so heewi deeƴat », sabu deeƴre makko, nehdi makko, moƴƴere makko, yaŋkinaare makko, ittaani wonde mo neɗɗo joom fiɓnde, jiilotooɗo e kala sahaa maslahaa, teeyɗo, teyliiɗo kono ko gannduɗo to fayi, so dawii hol to joftoyta.
Ko oon jikku addani mo waɗde feere fof mbele amo maslondira e dipiteeji ɗi e militeeruuji ɗi, ɓe nganndu-ɗaa o yahii haa o takkani ɗum en galoŋaaji seneraaluuji, tawi won fotnooɓe adaade ɗum en heɓde ɗiin galoŋaaji. Ɗum fof ko ndaartude maslaha haa danya ligganaade Moritani ko nafata. Ɗum fof haɗaani tuddunde dipiteeji parti makko o e senerooji waɗde moojobere mum en mbele ina telɓina politik mo o ummani o.
Ko caggal faamde mo wonde ndee tuddunde won ko soomi goɗɗum ko wonaa tan wonde «ministeruuji baɗaaɗi ɗi moƴƴaani». Ma a taw jooni nii ɓe pooaanii ko haɗde mo laamaade sabu «so ɗaɗi ngonti buruuti joom mum sellataa», o felliti huutoraade mbaawka ka Doosgal leydi ndi rokki mo, so toɗɗaade kala mo o hoolii e postooji toowɗi e nder laamu, o lomtinii senerooji ɗi, mbiyen o dunyi ɓe yo ɓe timmin ko woni anniya maɓɓe ko, so waɗde «kuudetaa», ko harminaa hannde e nder yonta demokarasi.
Ngonka leydi ndi hannde.
Caggal ko laamu ngu follaa nyande 6 ut 2008, leydi ndi ummiima e ngonka demokarasi, ruttiima e laamu ndool-ndoolaagu e ɓittere yimɓe e tiɗɗugol wellitaare aadee. Eɗen teskii gila ut 2005, e saanga nde laamu Maawiya follaa, wellitaare mawnde danyaama e leydi he : ko adii fof ko diisnondiral compangal hakkunde laamiiɓe e laamaaɓe, wellitaare jaaynde e fannuuji kala, woni jaaynde heeriinde nde, woni jaaynde laamu (eɗen ceedtii jeewte rajo mbayliima kanyum e telewisiyon wonaa ko welata laamiiɓe tan haaletee sabu hay lulndiiɓe laamu ndokkaama konngol). Ko ngol laawol gadanol yimɓe fof (nder leydi e caggal leydi kala) ceedtii wonde wooteeji baɗnoodi ɗii fof ndewii laawol, laaɓtii.
Hannde o, Rajo e telewisiyon ngonti ko oolel Goomu militeer en, folluɓe laamu ngu e jaaynde yimɓe alanaa en laatiiɓe awluɓe e naafigeeji leydi : haalooɓe ko iwaani e ɓerɗe mum en, seedtotooɓe ko woodaani, tunngooɓe bonannde leydi e caru ɓesngu. Ko ɓeen tan kadi njogii hakke haalde e jaaynirɗe leydi ndi, kala mo wondaani e jamfa baɗɗo o, alaa hakke haalde walla hollitde mettere mum. Ellee maa mbiyaa ko en ruttiiɓe a laamu Taayaa. Ko ɗum addani en wiyde «Yahnoonde artii».
Demokaraasii companooɗo tuggi 2005, mo nganndu-ɗaa aduna fof ina yeeɓratnoo ɗum Muritani wontii «koyɗol muumo» etee, aduna oo fof taƴii aaccere. Ko ndeen mettere addani pelle keewɗe adunayankooje (Dental Afiriik, Dental Orop, Fedde Dowlaaji Dentudi-ONU , Banke Monnjaal ekn..) , leyɗeele Orop e Amerik, yoga e dowlaaji Afrik, kanyum en fof mbiyi loppet ngondaani e ko waɗi Muritani ko, etee maa taƴondir e leydi ndi nannga kaake mum en, e balle mum en, haa nde tippudi demokaraasi ngoodnoondi ndi arta e leydi he e gardagol Siidi Mohammed Wul Seek Abdallaahi, kebrunooɗo lefol ngol laaɓal e juuɗe ɓesngu Moritani.
Dowlaaji goɗɗi ɗii kollitii wonde ko waɗi e Muritani ko, ko jolo ƴeenngo, seppooji faajiraagal, jarfaali ɗaminiiɓe e watulaaɓe, ayyibaaji feewde e laamu Siidi, ɗum fof alaa ko nafata, ɓe mbiyi tan ko yo o rutte ɗo ummanoo ɗo, so wonaa ɗum aduna fof nefa goomu militeer en teetɓe laamu ngu.
Eɗen paami tan ko Goomu militeer en dallinta wonde ko ɗum addani ɗum follude laamu ngu (wonde caɗeele ina keewi e leydi he teeŋti e nguura, wonde terorisma naati leydi ndi etee ko kamɓe tan mbaawi falaade ɗum, wonde bonannde jawdi heewii e laamu Siidi, taccinaaɓe artiranooɓe nguuri ko e caɗeele ekn…). Ɗee caɗeele kay ma a taw ko kuuftidinɗe sabu ina seedtaa wonde ɗum jotondiri ko ɓeydagol coodgu petrol e winndere he e coodguuli nguuraaji. Ɗoo kay laamu Siidi foti ko manteede sabu law ɓe compi ko lolliri PSI (Programme spécial d’interɓention), hono eɓɓaande heeriinde ngam faabuya ɓesngu : gaweeje keewɗe ngaddaama e leydi he, caraa e paabi, miliyonaaji limtilimtinɗi kaalisaaji caraaɗi e leydi he ngam yo ɓesnguuli compir bitikaaji, compa eɓɓaaɗe ballooje ɓe liɓde coodguuli e newnude nguurndam maɓɓe, waɗde 2008 hitaande ndema ngam riiwde heege ɗo e duuɓi payɗi ekn..
Terorism kay so feenyii e leydi ko ko wiyetee « gacce wiinnde ko tawaaɗo heen », so tawii on takanaama galonaaji senerooji, on ngardinaama ceŋde ɓurɗe himmude e konu, on ngardinaama kisal leydi (sûreté nationale) etee ko onon tottaa kala ko ɓuri himmude e njogitaaje leydi, on ngoppii haa leydi yanaama, ma a taw kay so won mo ɗum jali ko onon ngoni hoore. Onon kay ɓuri ɓadaade on ko huutoraade kaɓirɗe ɗe ndesnda-ɗon ngam reende kisal leydi njamforo-ɗon ɗum gardiiɗo Dowla.
Mbiy-ɗon wonde taccinaaɓe ngartii e leydi mum en, kono «alaa ko wayli en ngonka maɓɓe ka ɓe nguurnoo Senegaal ». Hol ko taccinooɓe nii, hol taccinnooɗo ɓe ? Wonaa Siidi dey. Oon kay danyi ko wune wonde artirii ɓe, etee ina jogii anniya moƴƴo e fiɓnde tiiɗnde rokkitde ɓe hakkeeji maɓɓe, sabu fedde ANAIR ko seedanfaagal laaɓtungal. O diwii ɗoon ne kay sabu o wiyi haala warngooji ko ko foti haaleede : ko ronkaa naneede haa e nyalawma hannde o e kunude goomu militeer en waɗɓe kuudetaa ɓe.
Porlugol jawdi laamu noon ko teska heen ko, salinoo ɗum seeɗa ko laamu Muttaar wul Daddaa, kono gila militeer en ƴetti laamu e hitaande 1978 feewde jooni (sabu gila ndeen ko kamɓe tan laamotoo, woorti lebbi sappoy joy ɗi Siidi laami ɗi) Muritani wayi ko no ngesa monnginba, njanaaba diwooji nii, ko forlaa e jawdi laamu so heɓtanooma maa mah wuro tolniingo e Wasinton, tawa ko e kaŋŋe mbuure mahraa. Tenngiti ɗum dow fof ko jamaanu laamu Maawiya, sabu e oon sahaa, so tawii a wonaa luulndiiɗo laamu, a jaɓii yantude e kelle PRDS, kala ko wel maa ina dagii e leydi he, sabu e oon sahaa ko gardiiɗo leydi e hoore mum dunyata cibooji mum e nguyka. Sabu so foksineeruuji, ɓurɓe heen toowde ko njogii e njoɓdi heewaani yettaade teemedere ujunere mbiyaama «kootee cuuɗi mon, mahee toon galleeji jooɗɗi », njuɓɓinee ɓesnguuli mon yo njantu e PRDS so oɗon njiɗi danyde huunde e laamu he, ma a taw kam haala joofii. Ko e ɗiin duuɓi woni ɗo njahataa e nder ladde moraande, walla e gurel «cuuɗi tati e takkere rawaandu» kawraa e galle pattamlamo ina mahaa heen, jarɗo miliyonaaji limtilimtinɗi, tawa ko bamɗi keewi jofde heen. Joom ɗiin galleeji e ɗeen jawɗeele noon, saɓooɓe hannde e sara goomu militeer en, woni wiyooɓe «laamu Siidi ko bonnuɓe jawdi». Ndaw ko haawni. Hay so tawii nii ko ɓe kaali ko ko goonga, ma a taw kam bonannde lebbi sappo e joy fonndetaake e duuɓi noogaas e nay, hay so tawii ko ɗoon tan tuggu-ɗen.
So tawii ko goonga, ɗum ko kewlol haalpulaar keewi haalde ngol «haala janɗo e saret».
Kappanɗe Muritani e darnde fotnde dareede ngam danndude ɗum.
Moritani hannde arii haa e laabi celi, hol heen ngol o suɓtotoo ? Mbele ko ruttaade e ngonka ngadiika ut 2005, walla ko yahrude yeeso tiiɗtina laawol loowangol ngol, woni demokaraasi o, moƴƴitina ko boni heen ŋari ko.
Yonta hannde o ko yonta demokarasi sabu leƴƴi ɗii fof ko ɗum ɗaɓɓi, ko ɗum woni muuyaaɗe mum en, sabu winndere ndee fof hawri ko ɗum woni feere laamorgol moƴƴol, ko ɗum ne kadi woni ƴellitaare leƴƴi e fannuuji kala, gila e faggudu haa e renndo. Ko ndeen feere ne kay ɓesngu Muritani suɓtii e saanga nde waɗi wooteeji mum e hitaande 2007, rokki Siidi Wul Seek Abdallahi hoolaare yo ɗow ɗum ɗo e duuɓi joy.
Firtirde ɗum doole ko waasde hormaade ɓesngu Muritani, ko jamfaade lenyol. Ko ɗum waɗi laawol juumtanngol Muritani ko ruttaade e tippudi demokaraasi ngoodnoondi ndi, ɗum ɗoon foti wonde ko e kaaldigal jaajngal hakkunde denndaangal gollotooɓe politik, hakkunde senngo waɗɓe kuudetaa ɓe e wallidiiɓe mum en, e saliiɓe kuudetaa o, peeje fof njiylee mbele maslahaa ina danyee, tawa ko tuugiiɗo e hisnude ɓure puɗɗanooɗe danyeede e demokarasi gila 2007.
Ina foti jeyeede e nyenytudi ngaal kaaldigal, harminde e ko fayi arde huutoraade ndoolndoolaagu to bannge politik ngam waawnude yimɓe miijo mum. Ko ɗum waɗi militeer en yo naattu e nder tuddule mum en (wonaa ko hersini), ɓoora juuɗe mum en e kala ko feewti e politik, walla e maɓɓe jiɗɗo waɗde politik kala yo ɓooroo comci militeer en, ara, jola e lammba politik.
Gollal ngal kooninkooɓe kalfinaa e doosgal laamu ko gollal dimal, sabu ko reende kisal leydi, hisnude dowla e juɓɓule demokarasi. So ɓe kuuɓnii ngaal gollal ina yona. Ɓe ndeenoo lollirde « konu kudetaaji »
So goonga, ooɗoo kuudetaa ari ko ɗo haanaani etee o lommbii en e laana ka anndaa ɗo happi, soko eɗen njogii njoorto moƴƴo wonde denndaangal ngenndiyankooɓe leydi ko aldaa e paltoor, haa yettii noon saabiiɓe kuudetaa ɓe, maa ndarto keɓɓitoo leydi ko yaaccii, ndeftina ɗum e laawol poccingol.
Gelaajo


text:
Aysata Kan sankiima e beetawe aset 10 ut 2019, ɗoo e Nuwaasoot. E nder ɗuum, Fedde Ɓamtaare Pulaar e Muritani ina rennda sunaare e denndaangal ɓesngu Muritani haa teeŋti e ɓesngu makko. Yo Alla yurmo mo yaafoo mo, yo Alla haarnu mo Aljanna. Innaa lillaahi wa innaa ileyhi raaji’uun.
Aysata kan ko ɓiy Maam Njaak Elimaan Abuu Kan, gonnooɗo mawɗo kanton tuggi 1923 haa 1976. O janngii to Ndar ko idii nde Muritani ina heɓa hoore mum, caggal ɗuum to Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Biriksel. Caggal nde Muritani heɓi hoore mum, o arti, o jannginoyi ɗemngal Farayse to Kayhayɗi e hitaande 1956. Ko ndeen o fuɗɗii daranaade ndimaagu debbo, o sosi goomu kirjinoowu jaŋde sukaaɓe rewɓe e hitaande 1957, o jeyaa e sosɓe Dental ngenndiwal rewɓe Muritani ; ɗuum addani mo tawtoreede mooɓondiral gadanal Debbo afriknaajo. Nde o ummii Kayhayɗi, o fektaa Nuwaasoot.
Ko ndeen o naati heerto politik anndiraango PPM, hono « Heerto Ɓesngu Muritani » (Parti du Peuple Mauritanien), o toɗɗaa yo o won hooreejo Diiso toowngo rewɓe nder PPM. Nii, e hitaande 1969, o ardii jaaynde heeroriinde hujjaaji rewɓe, wiyetenoonde « Le Mariemou ».
E darorɗe kitaale 1970 o waɗaa jaagorgal kalfinaangal ‘’Ndeenka galle e geɗe renndo’’. O ummini mbayliigaaji keewɗi, ine e ɗiin cemmbingol jaŋde sukaaɓe rewɓe, e dokkugol « ballal ɓesngu » (Allocation familiale) fawaade e gaddugol seedewol naatgol jaŋde, haa teeŋti noon wonande sukaaɓe rewɓe, ine heen kaɓgol e mbellahaa. O ummaaki e oon poosto so wonaa nde koninkooɓe mbaɗi laamu Muttaar wul Daddaa kuudetaa.
Caggal ɗuum o woɗɗitii geɗe politik, o woni e haɓanaade hakkeeji aadee e kisal sato. Ko ɗuum addani mo gollanaade pelle winndereeje keewɗe, ko wayi no Fedde Ngenndiije dentuɗe, o heɓi kadi ardaade pelle keewɗe, ine heen Fedde winndereere rewɓe haalooɓe Farayse…


text:
Bagboo, to woni e kasoo mum to wuro La Haye too, ina jaabondira e Abdullaay Wad, takkunooɗo mo, ñalnde 5 saawiyee, rokkude rebel Kaasamaas en kaɓirɗe. Wad haalnoo ɗum ko e RFI, kono Bagboo, kam fof e wonde e kasoo ina fadi ñaawoore, heɗiima haala Wad kaa.
Gooto e hatulaaɓe Bagboo, hono Toussaint Alain, idii jaabaade, nde wiyata wonde “Persidaa Bagboo meeɗaa haɗde deeƴre wonde e Kaasamaas, meeɗaa naatde e fiyakuuji keeriiɗi Senegaal”.
Alaa fof nokku keniiɗo waawi seedtaade dallinde wonde Saalif Saajo, gonnooɗo mawɗo Taamasoor koyngal konu murto Kaasamaas, mo Abdullaay Wad joopii e haala mum kaa, meeɗii heɓde ballal – koo ngal waawi wonde fof (kaɓirɗe, ngalu walla goɗɗum), ummoraade e persidaa Bagboo. Ndeke, kaaɗoo haala ko takkere nde alaa ɗo tuugii.
Ko wonaa ɗum, Abdullaay Wad, hooreejo leydi Senegaal wiyii wonde Looraa Bagboo «ina wuurna fitinaaji » ; e nder ɗuum, o fawi e hoore makko bonanndeeji ɗi Burkinaanaaɓe mbaɗanoo kam e luural woote ngal. Kaa haala kersiniika wonaa haala kellifaaɗo.
Ahaa, Abdullaay Wad, nde tawnoo ina weltii e ko Bagboo werloyaa to Ñaawirde Kuuge Winndere to La Haye koo, meɗaa seerde e urɓude luural to Koddiwaar, ɗum ɗoon noon ko gila settaambar 2002. E saawiyee 2011 o suɓii ardina fitina dow jam e sahaa nde o semmbinta CEDEAO nde huutortoo doole. Ɗum noon, ko kanko woni baɗoowo bone ! »
Kaa haala ina holliti wonde Bagboo suwaa tawo jebbilaade. Ko goonga noon, Abdullaay Wad, wonaa deentiiɗo; sibu ko e nder mbunndi mbunndi kampaañ woote, o bismii Alasan Watara to Ndakaaru, hade daawal ɗiɗmal woote hooreleydaagu to Koddiwaar. Ɗum waɗnoo ko e lewru noowammbar 2010.
Ko waawi heen wonde fof, eɗen cikki won ko fotnoo woƴde ɓe kamɓe ɗiɗo fof, ko wonaa kaa haala ka alaa hoore, alaa laaci. Bagboo, haala mum haalaaka, ko e ɓiliiɗo no feewi. Laay Wad ne, ina wondi e haaju mawɗo, so wiyde ɗum ina birga manndaa tataɓo e gardagol Senegaal.
BAB (Fooyre Ɓamtaare, 10 saawiyee 2012)


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Caggal duuɓi 27 ko Tomaa Sankara tuɗɗii leppi leydi, leydi tuɗɗi mo leppi teddungal, eɗen njiɗi artande banndiraaɓe e no maalde warngo ngoo fewjiranoo, fewjunooɓe maalde haa e siynunooɓe warngo ngoo ñalnde alkamisa 15 lewru kawle hitaande 1987. Ciftinen wonde Tomaa Sankara laamorinoo ko duuɓi 34 kadi laamii ko duuɓi 4 doŋ. Nguurndam fof hawri ko duuɓi 38.
Caggal duuɓi 27 ko Tomaa Sankara tuɗɗii leppi leydi, leydi tuɗɗi mo leppi teddungal, eɗen njiɗi artande banndiraaɓe e no maalde warngo ngoo fewjiranoo, fewjunooɓe maalde haa e siynunooɓe warngo ngoo ñalnde alkamisa 15 lewru kawle hitaande 1987. Ciftinen wonde Tomaa Sankara laamorinoo ko duuɓi 34 kadi laamii ko duuɓi 4 doŋ. Nguurndam fof hawri ko duuɓi 38.
Addani en artande banndiraaɓe e ngalɗoo daawal walla ndeeɗoo lowre nde aduna kumpitaaki no feewi ko caggal nde Jaaltaaɓe Belees Kompaawore woppinaa laamu, woppi laana mum, tampi teppe gila Wagadugu haa Yamusokoro to leydi Kudduwaar, yimɓe ɓee ɓamtii woondu Tomaa Sankara e aawtaade ñaam-golluuje mum.
Sankara tintiino warngo mum
Tomaa Sankara meeɗaano fiɓtaade ko heɓtii ɗum koo, so jamfeede, waree. Ko ɗuum addannoo mo wiyde e sahaa nde o ari e jappeere ndee: “Mboɗo anndi won ɓe tampin mi, ɓittu mi. Mboɗo anndi kadi holi ɓeen. Kono so ɓe mbarii kam ne, noogaas woɗɓe, jogiiɓe hono miijo am ngoo, maa peeñoy janngo».
O heɓii jeertinaali keewɗi ummoraade, gila e laamɓe, ardiiɓe leyɗeele, jooɗaniiɓe leyɗeele mumen e nder Burkinaa, yimɓe, ɓe Alla rokki jiyɗe lugge haa e jaambureeɓe yahooɓe laabi mumen kono tan ko Alla ñaawi ko ɗuum laatotoo:
1- Wage gooto, mo Alla huñtani geɗe birniiɗe, jeertiniino sato makko, kanko Tomaa Sankara wonde warngo makko woni ko e fewjeede, etee lajal ngal nattii woɗɗude. Oon sakkiti yo ɓe mbaɗan mo won e sadakeeje mbele Alla ena riiwtana mo tanaaji beeyooji ɗii. E nder sadakeeji biyaaɗi ɗii, iwdi ndema ena heen. Ɗum wayi ko no gawri nii kadi remetee ko sara keerol, hakkunde Burkinaa e Mali. Jaggal laamu gonnongal to wuro Banfora, yamiraa yo sood heen, nelda Wagadugu. Oon soodi, waɗi e soomdu, feewni haa feewi, neldiri no wiyranoo nii. E hoddiro Alla, neldal ngal yettaaki, majji ko e laawol. Ndeen geɗe ɗee njahrii noon, gooto e joginooɓe alhaali oo yettini mo, kanko Tomaa Sankara, haala kaa. O jali, o wiyi oon:” mi wiyaano ma tan hoddiro ngoo haytataa, haaytataa? Ko podanaa mi koo, alaa ko falotoo ɗum”.
2- Gaananaaɓe kebliino galle haa feewi ngam jaɓɓaade mo, kanko Tomaa Sankara, caggal nde keɓi humpito wonde warngo makko nattii hankadi sikke, wontii huunde laaɓnde cer. Jooɗaniiɓe leyɗeele Gaana e Kibaa to Burkinaa kabri mo e tawtoreede jonaaɗo Inisef (UNICEF) to Wagadugu wonde eɓɓoore warngo makko ko ko ɓenni, heddii tan ko rotteede. Ɓe njettiniri mo kadi nulal e bismaango Jeeri Rawliŋ, laamɗo leydi Gaana, nde o yilloytoo oon hay so dumunna daɓɓo. Fayndaare ndee wonnoo ko mbele omo yiyana hoore makko haa laaɓta, ko satiiɓe mo ɓee ngoni e dow mum. O fodi, kanko Tomaa, wonde maa o noddu ɓe, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof, caggal nde o ƴetti pellital. Kono tan ammbasadeer Kibaa oo waɗii ñalawma kuurɗo e nder gollordu mum, o nodditaani.
3- Deniis Sasu Ngesoo, laamɗo leydi Konngo, nde humpitii silsil maalde warngo ngoo no yahri, jaranii ɗum waɗde e makko nulaaɗo dariiɗo, keeriiɗo ena wiyee Saydu Bajaan. Ko oon winndunoo deftere” Les ƴiiwoonde kartaali e mayleeji” (Sous l’Orage). Oon ƴetti abiyoŋ, ari Kodduwaar ñalnde 15 lewru kawle 1987, ena ɗaminii dawande janngo mum Burkinaa Faso ngam yiydoyde e makko, ko ɗoon kisa, e Abijaa, habraa warngo ngoo, ruttii.
4- Ñalnde 15 lewru kawle hitaande 1987, heedde waktu sappo e jeegoɓo, debbo gooto noddii mo, kanko Tomaa. E oon sahaa tawi omo heblanoo yahde batu, caggal ɗum, o faya dingiral coftal ɓalli. Debbo oo jeertini mo ko woto o yah to batu too, won yiɗɓe warde mo.
5- Ñalnde 13 lewru kawle, Saŋ Batiis Bukari Linngani, ardinooma lappol fayde Akara, laamorgo leydi Gaana. Omo yahdi e lappol ngol, gorko biyeteeɗo Bukari Kaboore, Mbaroodi Bulkiyemde (le Lion de Boulkiemdé). Jeeri Rawliŋ, hooreejo leydi Gaana wiyi Linngani:” gacce ɗe njogor-ɗon waɗde e Burkinaa Faso ɗee, so warde Tomaa Sankara, nganndee wonaa e Burkinaa tan ɗe kaaɗata. Maa ɗe njettodo duunde Afrik ndee fof. Mboɗo sikki, hannde oo, ko aan woni mawɗo e dow maɓɓe, kamɓe fof, kadi ko aan tan waawi waɗtude ɓe e laawol”. Nde jamfa oo waɗoyi, Jeeri Rawliŋ mettini heen no feewi. O salinooma ko juuti heɓtinde laamu kesu nguu e bismaade nulaaɓe mum. Nde o jaɓtoyi lappol Burkinaa naata leydi makko ndee kadi, omo joginoo heen fayndaare. O ndaaratnoo ko yoɓtanaade sehil makko Tomaa Sankara. O yiɗnoo ko ɓamdude e Linngani, so Belees arii Gaana, o nannga ɗum, o sokoyaa ɗum to bannge rewo leydi ndii, to wiyetee Tamaale, laamu nguu hoota e juuɗe Linngani. Linngani salii naatde e ndeen feere, fodi maa ɓe cafru caɗeele ɗee ko leelaani.
Peeje Warngo Tomaa Sankara
Tomaa Sankara, kañum fof e anndunoode ɓeen jogorɓe warde ɗum e faamnoode yiɗde mumen, haɗaani ɗum, hay sahaa gooto, jokkude wolde mum haa ñalnde alkamisa 15 oktoobar maa mbiyen kawle hitaande 1987, hakkunde waktu sappo e jeegoɓo e feccere e waktu sappo e jeeɗiɗaɓo, ɗo o yalti aduna ɗoo. Finnde mum, caggal konngol jawtungol ngola, ko kanko kadi haalnoo ngolɗoo konngol:
Jamfaaji meeɗaani dartineede gila nde min njooɗii e jappeere laamu nguu. Ko haaɓnii heen koo, wonaa luure hakkunde burkinaanaaɓe e koye mumen. Sinno tan ko tiifaaɗe nderndere ngonnoo, mi sikkaani so emin ndañatnoo caɗeele ɓurtuɗe no feewi. Sabu haawnaaki, aduna e juutde koyngal, min cafra ɗe kannje fof e newunde. Kono caɗeele ɗee kebletee ko caggal leydi ko wayi no Kodduwaar e Togo, ngartiree e nder Burkinaa ngam siyneede. Woni kadi caggal majje, sikke alaa, ko dowla Farayse.
Tomaa Sankara juumaani nde miijii ngoon miijo sabu gila nde o toɗɗaa jaagorgal gadanal e laamu Saŋ Batiis Wedraa-Oogo, Farayse e Kodduwaar e Togo ceeraani e faayre nde tawnoo Sankara e wondiiɓe mum ceeraani e noddude mbaylaandi: mbaylaandi to bannge renndo, mbaylaandi to bannge dawrugol caggal leydi. Ko wonaa ɗuum koo kadi, ko jotondiral makko keeringal, kanko Tomaa Sankara e Momaar Kadafi, laamɗo leydi Libi. Leydi heen fof ena jogii ko haɓotoo e no haɓortoo laamu Tomaa Sankara:
To bannge Farayse
Nde faayre ndee mawni haa Farayse natti waawde suuɗde nde, felliti ko ummanaade mo, woni e daɗɗude peeje. Ñalnde 14 lewru duujal hitaande 1983, e nder jaagorde jotondiral e kuutondiral ( ministère de la Coopération), Gii Peen, diisnondirɗo keeriiɗo Faransuwaa Miteraŋ(François Mitterrand) ko fayti e geɗe afriknaaje, saaktani jaayndeyankooɓe ngolɗoo konngol, ko aldaa e ƴeŋƴaare:
Ɓooyataa, mi yaha Wagadugu momtoyde jaagorgal gadanal ngal.
Mbele o faynditorii e helmere”momtoyde” ndee ko warde walla ko ittude? Haa yeeso ko laawol.
Nii woni, ñalnde aaɓnde, 16 lewru duujal hitaande 1983, laana makko futti Pari, juuroyii Wagadugu, heedde 23w50 hojom, omo ardi e daalambol jaayndeyankooɓe fanniyankooɓe geɗe Afrik. Jaayndeyankooɓe ɓee payraa Otel Silmannde, kanko Gii Peen, o fayi to galle jooɗaniiɗo leydi Farayse e Wagadugu. Nde o yettii, o haalani Ammbasadeer oo haaju gadduɗo mo walla ko woni sabaabu garal makko:
” Min nattii yiɗde nantude haala jaagorgal gadanal ngal ena haalee. Ɗum ne yo won ko adii janngo”.
Jooɗaniiɗo ɗoon leydi Farayse oo jeertini mo nde tawnoo ena humpitii wonde Sankara wonaa jaagorgal gadanal tan mehal. Kono ko jaagorgal e huunde. Omo jogii jagge tiiɗɗe e nder konunkaagu nguu no o jogorii jagge tiiɗɗe e nder renndo ngoo. Gii Peen wiyi:” ɗum noon yo o jagge”.
Ko nii addi nanngal Tomaa Sankara, hono no kollir-ɗen dow nii, weenndoogo ñalnde talaata 17 lewru duujal hitaande 1983 e yamiroore Kolonel Gabiyel Somee Yoriyaŋ.
Kono ɗum fof e wayde noon hebbiti keewngal ko dewgol Faransuwa Miteraŋ to Wagadugu e haala ka Tomaa Sankara nantini mo kaa, nde tawnoo hono ɗuum wayri ko gila hakkunde Ahmed Seeku Tuure e Seneraal Deegool e hitaande 1958. Gila ndeen hankadi ena anndaa wonde ñaamɗe Tomaa Sankara ngoni ko e huuɓde e laamu walla e aduna.
To bannge Kodduwaar
To bannge Kodduwaar, caggal nde peeje baɗanooɗe ngam haɗde laamu Tomaa Sankara deeƴde ɗee fof ndonki yuumtude, Hufet Booñi wayli sawru mbawgu, ƴeewi feere ɓurnde yamɗude, so etaade seerndude Tomaa Sankara e Belees Kompaawore. Nii woni, ñalnde 15 lewru siilo hitaande 1985, o teddiniri, kanko Hufet Booñi, lappol burkinaanaaɓe e gardagol Belees Kompaawore, hiraande fattamlamre. E nder heen, o ɗaɓɓiri gardiiɗo duɗal sukaaɓe rewɓe Yamusukoro (Proviseur du Lycée des Jeunes filles de Yamoussoukoro), nde suɓtotoo keele e nder ɓurɓe ŋarɗude e sukaaɓe rewɓe ɓee, nelda toon. Ko nii kadi addani Santaal Terason (Chantal Terrasson) suɓteede e hebleede ngam jaribaade Belees Kompaawore. Ciftinen wonde e oon sahaa, ko Belees gooto wonnoo surga e nder goomu laaminoongu Burkinaa Faso nguu. Lebbi nay caggal ganndondiral Belees Kompaawore e Santaal Terason, dewgal maɓɓe yiilaa, hoppaa, haɓɓaa haa baaji keddii.
E lewru duujal, Santaal Terason hurtoyii to wuro Poo. Tomaa Sankara tawtoroyaama yannge ngee kono wonaa e sago mum nde tawnoo omo faami ko golle Hufet ngoni ɗoon kadi omo anndi fayndaare jooɗtoraande heen ndee.
To bannge Togo
Ngañgu laamu Tomaa Sankara wonaa tan to bannge Kodduwaar heednoo. Hay laamu Togo e gardagol Seneraal Eyadema meeɗaani suuɗde mettere mum. Eyadema seeraani e tuumde Tomaa Sankara e Jeeri Rawliŋ wonde heblooɓe luutndiiɓe laamu mum gila e peeje haa e kaɓirɗe. E ko refti heen, alɗuɓe dognooɓe laamu Tomaa Sankara fof mooloyii ko Togo.
Warngo Tomaa Sankara fof e fewjeede gila e hitaande 1983, alaa sago Farayse e Kodduwaar e Togo ndaña kaggu e nder leydi Burkinaa Faso, ɗo lalii peeje mumen ɗee. Oon kaggu dey ko Belees Kompaawore e Silbeer Jenndere.
Gelongal Fuuta lollirɗo, Njaay Saydu Aamadu


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Ñokkaan Jibi Amar lollirɗo Ñokkaan Jibi Selli mo Siñtu Bummaka ɗaldii. en yeeleende e yeeweende. Ñokkaan Jibi Selli jibinaa ko hirnaange Kayhayaɗi, to Gorgol. Nde o yonti naatde jaŋde ko jinnaaɗo makko Amar Demmba winndani mo ‘ba’. Caggal ɗuum o fayti e junngo Ceerno Saydu Tafsiiru to wuro Goŋŋan. O ummii ɗoon o fayi wuro Daabiya Hoyre Foonde e junngo Ceerno Maamaadu Omar Kan.
Ñokkaan Jibi Amar lollirɗo Ñokkaan Jibi Selli mo Siñtu Bummaka ɗaldii. en yeeleende e yeeweende. Ñokkaan Jibi Selli jibinaa ko hirnaange Kayhayaɗi, to Gorgol. Nde o yonti naatde jaŋde ko jinnaaɗo makko Amar Demmba winndani mo ‘ba’. Caggal ɗuum o fayti e junngo Ceerno Saydu Tafsiiru to wuro Goŋŋan. O ummii ɗoon o fayi wuro Daabiya Hoyre Foonde e junngo Ceerno Maamaadu Omar Kan.
O ummii e oon o naati e junngo Ceerno Maalik Pennda to Sillaa Joŋto. Sakkitorii jaŋde Ɓuraana ko e Daabiya Oodeeji e junngo Ceerno Aamadu Daabiya Aan.
O fuɗɗii jaŋde sariya ko Ceerno makko mo o janngunoo to Daabiya Hoyre Foonde, hono Ceerno Maammudu Umar Kan. Nde o ummitii ɗoon o sakkitorii sariya ko Likseyba Gorgol e junngo Alfaa Demmba Umuru Sih mo Likseyba Gorgol. So tawii ko almudaagal makko ngay, naatni mo heen ko Demmba Daawuuda to Aañam Liiduɓe to Senegual. Ñokkaan ko jimoowo ŋanaa, nanaaɗo, ganndaaɗo. Mo o foti welde daande weeɓaani, mo o foti moƴƴude hakkille ina saɗi, sabu wiyaama kala ko o jaŋngi gootol o huñoto.
Yoga e ko Ceerno Boy to Woodoɓere winndunoo e jime, ko kanko lollini ɗum en e aduna he. Ko noon ne e deftere sariya jime nde ceerno Abdaraamaani Banaaji firnoo e Pulaar ko kaŋko lollini ɗum haa yettii e jookli aduna kala. Ko ceerno Saydu Nuuru mo Paate Galo jaarnoo e ɓurɗo winndere ko noon e jime goɗɗe Alliyankooje haa teeŋti noon e jime almudɓe Ngay, fof o waɗii heen ñalɗi e ñalaaɗe e ñaamgolluuji. Ñookkaan mantiino Alla, jaarino nelaaɗo, o yimiino Annabaaɓe, o maniino waliyaaɓe, o mawniniino sarifaaɓe, seeraani e teddinde seerenɓe e moƴƴuɓe kala no ciforinoo. Ñokkaan Jibi Selli pasninooɗo Pulaar, toownuɗo ɗum ittani ɗum geɗal e fotde mo golle mum njejjittaake e kala yontaaji. Ñokkaan Jibi Selli yalti aduna ko weetndoogo aljuma 10/10/2008 to Nuwaasoot, o artiraa wuro makko oon kikiiɗe aljumaa. Ko oon kikiiɗe min njettii Siñtu Bummaka hawrude e wirwirnde makko. E oon kikiiɗe ko ceedii-mi e ɗee baamuule ko, otooji ina njuppa yimɓe, saretaaji ena ngara, waɗɗiiɓe ɓe e yahrooɓe koyɗe ena mbaañoroo kala banngeeji. Sarifaaɓe e seernaaɓe ummoriiɓe e kala jookli ngardi e ɓerɗe cuniiɗe e jeese ñirɓiniiɗe.
E oon kikiiɗe ɓeydii-mi laaɓeede woni goonga tan ko wonde moƴƴo suɓoo faggaade moƴƴuɓe caggal nde anniyaaji kesɗitinaa gooski ki juulaa e gardagol ceerno Mammadu Bookar mo Kayhayɗi waktuuji joy pawɗi 50 hojom, Ñokkaan naatnaa e suudu mum, wirnaa, wirnii gite yiɗɓe e sehilaaɓe. O ɗaccii golle makko ena daartee. Juulɓe kala nduwii ɗaccitaa caaktii. Yo Alla lomtono en, lomtinana en.
Yoo Alla yurmo mo, yaafoo mo, yaaforoo kala maayɓe juulɓe. Aamiin
Abuu Aamadu Joop


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Ngon-ɗen hannde ko e yonta ɗo ɗemɗe keewɗe ngoni e maayde, sibu, so ɓetaama, “jonte ɗiɗi kala won ɗemngal nattata huutoreede.” Hol ko foti waɗeede ngam faddaade maaygol ɗemɗe e oo yonta internet ? ”
Ngon-ɗen hannde ko e yonta ɗo ɗemɗe keewɗe ngoni e maayde, sibu, so ɓetaama, “jonte ɗiɗi kala won ɗemngal nattata huutoreede.” Hol ko foti waɗeede ngam faddaade maaygol ɗemɗe e oo yonta internet ? ”
Hol ɗemɗe luutoytooɗe e internet ?
Ina anndaa ngon-ɗen ko e yonta maaygol ɗemɗe keewɗe, sibu, so ɓetaama, ɗum wayi ko no wiyde wonde jonte ɗiɗi kala won ɗemngal nattata huutoreede, kadi, feccere e ɗemɗe keddiiɗe ɗee ko paayanaaɗe ñifde e nder ɗiiɗoo duuɓi teemedere. Kono, hay ɗuum, won annduɓe mbiyi ko seeɗa heen, sibu maɓɓe teskaade ko seeɗa e ɗemɗe winndere ndee ƴellittoo e nder internet.
Ɗemngal wiyetee maayii ko nde cakkitiiɗo haalde ɗum maayi. Kono ndeen maayde ina jogii maale, ko wayi no nattugol ɗemngal huutoreede e nder njulaagu walla politik, yimɓe nattude rokkude ngal faayiida, walla sukaaɓe waasde haalde ngal. Ganndo gooto ina wiyee Andras Kornai (to Duɗal Gannde Hongiri) wiyi « baasgol ɗemngal huutoreede e nder internet ina yaawna ɗeeɗoo maale kala ». Yeru, 287 ɗemngal ina njogii defterdu Wikipeja mum en coftuɗe ; ko ina sowoo ɗum yiɗi sosde ɗum. E wiyde makko « denndaangal ɗemɗe ƴellittooɗe e nder internet ina kollita sokla sosde derterɗi mum en wikipeja ». Yoga heen ngoɗɗoytaa sibu ko horsinɓe ɗum en tan, walla e hatanteeɓe mum en seeɗa tan nguurni ɗum en.
Ina waɗi leƴƴi paamɗi nafoore internet wonande ɗemɗe, yeru, haalooɓe ɗemngal biyeteengal Katalan timmaani miliyoŋaaji 10 neɗɗo, kono wikipejaa maggal woni sappo e joyaɓo (15e) e nder winndere ndee ; angal jogii fotde 1 600 winndooɓe softuɓe (pulaar jogaaki ko ɓuri ɗiɗo walla tato). Ɓe njaggiri ɗum ko no huunde daɗndoore pinal maɓɓe nii. Ina waɗi ɗemɗe ɗe ndañaani ɗuum. Yeru ɗemngal Piyemontuwaa (Le piémontais), ngal miliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi haa tati kaalata to rewo Itaali, ngal naataani e internet no feewi, kulanaangal no feewi, hay so tawii noon ardiiɓe nokku oo ina etoo daɗndude ngal. E kuuɓal, wiɗto Andras Kornai ina hollita wonde, e nder 7 000 ɗemngal winndere ndee, so heewii ko heen 350 fat (5%) mbaawata tigi rigi naatɗe Internet.
Mbele ɗuum na waawi yiyreede no musiiba nii ? Waɗi noon ko hay sinno eɗen njogori waasde huunde e neɗɗankaagal nokkuyankeewal (waasde ɗemɗe nokkuyankooje), ina anndaa ko hannde fof yimɓe ɓuri waawde faamondirde e koye mum en. Ndeke en paandiima keltol teeŋtungol (laabi celi) daartol pinal.
Joshua Keating (Slate.fr)
Fulo : Bookara Aamadu Bah


text:
Ko meeɗaa yiyeede : jokkere junngo taƴnoongo. Ɗum waɗnoo ko ñalnde 7 saawiyee, to CHU Dijon, to Farayse. Ñalnde heen Alexis, hono mo junngo mum jokkaa oo, wonnoo ko heblo ngam waɗde bakkaa ko faati e dunli leɗɗe, haa masiŋ taƴi junngo makko. Kanko seedtii “nde kattii-mi sammeere junngo am ndee, mi faɗɗi. Ceerno am hocci nde, nawi mi opitaal.
Nde pin-mi, njiy-mi sammeere junngo am ndee, hakille am artii seeɗa.” Hakkunde nde o faɗɗii ndee e nde o fini ndee ɓurii waktuuji 10. E wiyde Doktoor jokkanɗo mo sammeere junngo ndee, nafi mo ko “sammeere ndee taƴ haa seerti e junngo hee, ko ɗum walliti min e golle hee” ko ɗum “malu nder malkiso”. “min puɗɗorii ko jokkude ɗaɗi nawooji ƴiiƴam ɗii (ƴiiƴam mboɗejam) mbele ina ɓamta yarnude sammeere ndee. Ndeen nde fuɗɗiima sooyɗitde, min puɗɗii jokkude ɗaɗi tino e raɗooji, caggal ɗuum ɗaɗi nawtooji ƴiiƴam, woni ɗaɗi ƴiiƴam ɓalejam”. Lewru caggal ɗuum, junngo ngoo sellii, ɓooyataa Alexis waɗta huutoraade junngo mum. Alexis ko malaaɗo.
CHU firti ko « Centre hospitalier universitaire » woni « Opitaal duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde », woni opitaal ɗo sanɗaaji ko faati cellal ekkotoo safrude. Ina hasii ko nokkuuje ɗo wiɗtooji toowɗi paatuɗi e ganndal safaara mbaɗetee. BAB


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Waɗiino jamanuuji, hedde 1987, diɗɗal sanɗaaji janngatnooɗi e duɗe Qur’aana ceertuɗe, sukaaɓe rentuɓe njiidi miijo, kawriti e yiɗde rentude, caggal won ko njanngi, wooda ko ngummanii. Ngaal diɗɗal, hedde yimɓe 18 mbaɗi fedde, nginniri nde “Jiiduɓe neene e baaba”.
Tawde noon ɓe ngaynaano jaŋde, alhaali waɗi ko ɓe kawritta heewaani. Dumunna caggal ɗuum, nde tawnoo golle ko miijo maɓɓe, kadi oon sahaa jokkondiral wayaani no hannde nii weeɓde. Heen e maɓɓe heednooɓe bannge Faas Gunaas , wuro sara Kuppentum e nder senegaal, ngo Ceerno Mawɗo siiñti hedde 1967, waɗi ɗoon almuudo mum ɓiyum Ceerno Mawɗo, ganndo Ceerno Ahmadu Tijjaani Faas, yo o jooɗo ɗoon janngina. Ɓesngu makko heewngu, so en mbiyaani fof, ko ɗoon njanngi, gila e ɓiɓɓe haa e taaniraaɓe.
Ɓeen heednooɓe oon bannge pelliti waɗde jaaynde nginniri ɗuum Caafal. Oon sahaa tawi ko ɓe almudɓe janngatnooɓe Qur’aana. So ɓe ndoɓindiima kabaruuji nder e caggal leydi, ɓe mbinnda ɗum. Tammbaa woɗɗaani ɓe, ɓe njaha toon, tappee, keppee, ara, yimɓe kolliree. Caggal ɗuum, hooreejo maɓɓe Ceerno Jalaalu Diine Bah gaynii toon jaŋde. O yahi Ndakaaru jokkoyde jaŋde tuubakiri ndii, o heɓi kadi fartaŋŋe yahde heen hay Duɗal Keblorgal Jaaynooɓe biyeteengal “ CESTI” (Centre d’Etudes Des Sciences Et Techniques De L’information), o heɓi toon seedanfaagu jaayndiyanke. Ɗuum ko hedde 1992. O jokki golle ndeen jaaynde.
Caafal waɗiino yaakaare sabu omo joginoo jot mum. Fiɓnde ndee kam o meeɗaa seertude e mum. Ko noon ne kadi binndugol defte. E oon tuma lakhdari Pulaar arii, 40 hadiis, Tijjaaniyya e Batuuji sunna, e deftere nde nganndu-ɗaa ina jeyaa e defte caaktuɗe ko o yahatnoo koo, hono Anndu Diine Maa. Ɗeen golle fof ko e innde goomu Caafal.
Caggal ɗuum alhaali ari kadi, golle tonngii ko juuti, koye keewɗe noon ndewdaama e golle hee. Haa 2008 faafi seeɗa, fedde ndee e juuɗe kadi sukaaɓe woɗɓe, nde arti e sifaa dartinde. Jaaynde yalti na inniraa ɗerewol Caafal. Defte ɗee ngoni e muulteede, karalle kese ɗee keƴi heen. Gila ndeen sahaa fof, Caafel naange ngel lewña seeɗa, kadi ruulde ara hippoo e maggel. Kono nde tawnoo darnde ndee nani ɗoo, pellital ngal nani ɗoo, ko ɗuum waɗi na jokki tan.
Caafal noon jokkirii kadi golle mum goomu jaŋde fedde sukaaɓe yarlitiniiɓe jannginde Madiina Gunaasnaaɓe. Ndeen fedde reɓii haa caggal wuro Ɓunndu ferlo, jooni nii yettiima Fuuta dartaaki. Hay sinno doole ngalaa, pellital e ɗaɗol tiiɗngol nani ɗoo tammbii golle ɗee. Yaajirii noon ko e innde wiyateende Duɗe Anndu Diine Maa, e huufireede fedde inniraande ndeen innde. E gardagol biyateeɗo Saada Baylo Sih. Duɗe 45 ina njannga oo sahaa. Ko ɓuri ɗuum na fadi jannginooɓe. Hannde oo caafal nana darii e duñde ndeen fayndaare. Duñira ɗum juuɗe kala ɗaminiiɗo won ko ganndal waylata e renndo men ngoo, jaakoriiɗo won ko ganndal saabotoo haa wooda ko sosti e renndo men ngoo. Ngoon junngo noon ko ngo weeɗanii koo ina toowi ! Kono enen renndo ngoo, en ndaɓɓiɗaani darɗe !
Abdullaahi Ac koolaaɗo kuuɓal fedde Caafal


text:
Neesu faatoraangu hattan ñawndude caɗeele nguurndam mum ko neesu nuskoowu.
Neesu cuɓiingu muɓɓude gite mum e caɗeele mum yummaaje ko neesu piɗaangu.
Neesu ƴoƴintoongu doosɗe mum ko neesu fekkorngu.
Ko woodi koo ko neesu mbiyeteengu Oropiyankeewu, neesu hirnaangeyankeewu, hono no teeminanɗe ɗiɗi laamu ngaluyankeewu cehiri ngu, ngu hattanaani ñawndude caɗeele ɗiɗi mawnasɗe ɗe nguurndam maggu jibini : saɗeende liggam-miskinaagu e saɗeende njiimaadi; haa so o noddaama e ñaawirgo “hakkille” walla e ñaawirgo “ngaanɗeeri”, oo Orop maa jogo mbaasndoolu hujjikinaade; etee, omo ɓeydii haa jooni mogginaade caggal nguu naafigaagu wasɗungu haa o nattii jogaade fartaŋŋe waawde fuuntude.
Orop hillantaako
Ina wayi no ko ɗum teskuya ka fewjiyankooɓe Ameriknaaɓe ñohata to les.
Ɗum e hoore mum bonaani.
Woni bone oo ko Orop waawaa hillaneede, wonaa to baɗte neɗɗaagu, wonaa to baɗte diinaagu.
E hannde oo ina tawee wonde, wonaa tan diɗɗe Oropeeje mbaawi fawde kuuge, kono ngoo wullitaango ko winndereyankeewo iwngo e capanɗe limtinɗe miliyoŋaaji aadeeɓe dartoriiɓe wonde ñaawooɓe, nder mbunndi njiyaagu mumen.
Ina waawi wareede to Endosiin, torlee to Madagaskaar, dummbee to Afrik ɓaleewo, hiiɓee to Aantiy. Honaaɓe nganndii hanti ina njogii e honiweeɓe mumen ɓurorde. Ɓe nganndii wonde “laamɓe” maɓɓe penat.
Wadde laamɓe ɓee ko doofolɓe.
Nde tawnoo hannde naamndaa-mi ko haalde njiimaadi e neesu, njaaɓanen fenaande maamaare huufnde keddiiɗe ɗee kala.
Njiimaadi e Neesu ?
Kiite ɓurɗe yaajde he ndee toɓɓere ko wonde nuunɗo-ɗaayɗo nguu naafigaagu huuɓnungu, ƴoƴanngu junnitde gaggaaji ɗii ngam waawde dagnude ñawnde basɗe ɗe ɓe podanta ɗi ɗee.
Ɗum artata ko wiyde wonde ko jojji ɗoo koo ko laɓɓinde jiyle, heelɗinde miijooji, saasnude nanɗe, ngam jaabtaade no laaɓiri laaɓndal jaambural gadanal ngal: hol ko woni njiimaadi e nder doosgal mum?
Kawren he ko ndi wonaa koo : ndi wonaa diineyankeeri, ndi wonaa gollal jokkere-enɗam, ndi wonaa fiɓnde riiwtude keeri majjere, ñawu, laam-ndoolaagu, ndi wonaa yaajtinaare Geno, ndi wonaa laynol laabi ñaawoore; jaɓde laawol gootol, ko aldaa e fiɓre saloyaade baɗtine ɗee, wonde baɗal ɗoo ngal ko ngal tumaranke e taƴoowo, ko ngal julanke e joom-laaɗe, ngal ndeereeru e ndool-ndoolaagu, diiñingal e mbeelu mbon-wonu nguu neesu ngu, e won sahaa e daartol mum, yenanaa ko potngu yaajtinde e winndere hee fof kihondiral paggorɗe mum luurduɗe.
So mi jokkii silo am, mi tawa wonde naafigaagu ko kes-hesiwu; wonde wonaa kortees nde yiytata Meksikoo toon to dow Tewokalli mawngo, wonaa Pitsarre yeeso Kuskoo (saka noon Marko Polo yeeso Kambaluk), ɓe caltaaki wonde soofaaji nulal dowrowal ngal; wonde ɓe mbar, wonde ɓe ñaay, wonde ɓe kippu koye, ɓe tam gaawe, ndeereeru; wonde joom-joodi en ngari ko wattan; wonde mawɗo caabiiɗo ɗum oo ko kii kaalkilanki nasaarayankeewi, nde ki fawi ɗee potindire nuuntare, hono: Nasaarayankaagal woni neesu; kala ko wonaa ɗum ko ɗaayre, ndeen noon waawnoo jibineede ɗoon tan ko baɗtine kaamtorɗe honoyankeeje añam-leñankeeje, janoyooje e Endonaaɓe, e Oolɗuɓe, e Ɓaleeɓe.
Ɗum nde ñawndaa haa gasi, miɗo jaɓi wonde waɗdude neesuuji ceertuɗi yo njotondir ina moƴƴi; wonde resondirde dunaaji ceertuɗi ko ɓural; wonde neesu, no ceeɓndam mum keeriɗam foti fof, so uddiima e hoore mum, ɗoomtat; wonde gostondiral ngalɗoo ko guurnowal, wonde fartaŋŋe mawɗo Orop dañi ko wonde ɗum laabi-celi, wonde, wonnoode ɗum nokku miijooji ɗii fof, heɓɓorde miijtiyankaagal ngal fof, jaɓɓorde cohndam ɗam fof, waɗii ɗum saaktirde yakawere ɓurnde yuɓɓude.
Wadde noon, mi werloo laaɓndal ngalɗoo: Mate njiimaadi waɗii jotondiral tigi-rigi? Walla, so en njiɗii, mate hakkunde laabi baɗgol jotondiral goodɗi ɗii kala, ko njiimaadi ɓurnoo feewde?
Mi jaaboo Alaa
Kadi mi wiya wonde hakkunde njiimaadi e neesu, yolnde ɗoon ndee ko haaɗtorde; wonde, so nule konuweeje ɗee kala ndentinaama, caggal ɗee tuugne konuweeje binndaaɗe kala, caggal ɗee jamirooje jaagoriije nuldaaɗe kala, hay siinde neɗɗankeere wootere heɓetaaka heen.
Pot-ɗen tawo ko wiɗtude hol no njiimaadi gollortoo e neesɗitde honoweejo oo, e ɓociɗinde mo no maanaa gadano helmere ndee nih, e nuskinde mo, e finndinde e makko ƴuɓte ubbinooɗe, e gite-yitilaagu, e neegre, e añam-leñaagu, e yowitoyankaagal neɗɗaagu; hollirde wonde, kala nde leggal daande taƴaa to Wiyet-Naam, nde yitere solaa toon tawa gaay e Farayse ina jaɓee, kala nde cukalel dewel yanaa toon, tawa gaay e Farayse ina jaɓee, kala nde Madagaskaarnaajo yargaa tawa gaay e Farayse ina jaɓee, won panndal neesuwal woni e teddirde ñisre mum maaynde, won yortere faruwere woni e laataade, won ñawannde woni e aafaade, won sewnde fiɗo woni e ƴerde; wonde to wattan ɗee kawre kodaaɗe, ɗee penaale lollinaaɗe, ɗii njannguuli deƴƴaaɗi, ɓee dummbaaɓe haɓɓaaɓe lorlaaɓe, ɓee ngenndiyankooɓe torlaaɓe, to wattan oo mawmaw leñiwo coftinaaɗo, to wattan ɗii piytaali-becce, maa tawe toon raafulde soɗiinde e nder ɗaɗi Orop, kan e garal leelngal, kono ngal luutataa, ɗaaygol doŋre ndee. […]
Kelmeendi


text:
Ñalnde 3 lewru bowte 2016, Bookar Aamadu Bah ñaantaama ñaantal teskinngal e cakkital Mammadu Demmba Sih, jaayndiyanke Rajo Muritani to Galle Sukaaɓe Kiiɗɗo, heedde 20w 55h. O waɗanaa ko wutte pattamlamo, cakkal mum e tuuba mum, tawi moƴƴini golle ɗee ko gooto e fanniyankooɓe meselal ena wiyee Hiima Njaay mo Jowol Rewo. Rokkaa teddungal yo loggu wutte oo e daande makko ko gooto e mawɓe Rajo Muritani ena wiyee Abdaahi Wul Extaari e tawtoreede won e terɗe yiilirde ngenndiire fedde Ɓamtaare Pulaar Muritani, hono Ceerno Ifraa Boli e Jibi Muusaa Joop.
Ñaantal ngal ko ngam jaarde Bookara Aamadu Bah e golle tiiɗɗe ɗe gollata ɗee. Ko kanko joganii Fedde Ɓamtaare Pulaar Muritani jaaynde mum wiyeteende Fooyre Ɓamtaare e lowre mum internet (pulaar.org) e duɗal mum karaalaagal kesal. Nde nde ari e juuɗe makko, o rokkii nde mbaadi, loowdi e ŋari e fartaŋŋe anndeede e nder jookli winndere ndee, gila e nder leydi haa caggal mayri. Sabu darnde makko e tiiɗnaare makko, o rewii haa njuɓɓudi HAPA heptini jaaynde ndee, nde laatii wajjere, yaltoore wonande ɗemɗe ngenndiije caggal jaayɗe arab. Ko ndeen darnde laaɓtunde addani Mammadu Demmba Sih teskaade oo gorko haa jarani ɗum waɗande mo teddungal teskinngal, tesketeengal e njuuteendi aduna. Kono goranam Mammadu Demmba Sih dañaani hawritde e ngaal ñaantal. Ko ñaantal luutiwal o dañi sabu rafi nawtoowo mo janngo mum oo.
Holi Bookara Aamadu Bah ?
Bookara Aamadu Bah jibinaa ko e hitaande 1956 to Sahre Ndoogu Bahbahɓe. O waɗi jaŋde makko lesre ko ekkol Sahre Ndoogu (1964-1969), jaŋde ɗiɗmere ko Kolees Ɓoggee (1969-1973), Liisee nasiyonaal (1973-1976) e jaŋde rowrowre to Duɗal Keblorgal jannginooɓe toowngal Nuwaasoot (1976-1980) ɗo o yaltiri jannginoowo hiisa e ɓalliwal duɗe jaŋde hakkundeeje. Omo jogii humpito ko faati e karallaagal kesal haa teeŋti noon ko faati e Caaktugol…
O jannginii e ɗeeɗoo duɗe : kolees e liisee Sehilbaabi, kolees e liisee sukaaɓe worɓe 1 e 2 Nuwaasoot, kolees sukaaɓe rewɓe. O halfinaama njuɓɓudi jaŋde e huufo geɗe informatik to liisee sukaaɓe worɓe 1 e to liisee yuumteende ɗiɗmo Nuwaasoot, ɗo o ƴettiri fooftere e hitaande 2015.
O tawtoraama Batu kuftodinngu cosngu Fedde Ɓamtaare Pulaar e Muritani e hitaande 1976 (ñalnde 7 marse 1976 to galle Sileymaani Kan). O jeyaama e tumbudu adanndu Fooyre Ɓamtaare e hitaande 1980. O halfinaama jaŋde e catal Sehilbaabi (1980-1984), e catal Nuwaasoot (1985-2003). O jannginii e duɗal fannuuji Sehilbaabi e Nuwaasoot. Omo jeyaa e jirwintunooɓe yeewtere Fedde ndee (1985-1989) caggal ɗuum e hitaande 2008 to Rajo Muritani. Kanko woni kalfinaaɗo kumpital FƁPM gila 2003, toppitii karallaagal Fooyre Ɓamtaare gila 1984 faade hannde. O woni kalfinaaɗo mum binndol hakkunde 1985 e 2012, e hooreejo caaktugol Fooyre Ɓamtaare gila 2012. Kanko yiilata lowre internet (pulaar.org) Fedde Ɓamtaare Pulaar e Muritani gila 2007, e hello mum Facebook gila 2010, jannginta duɗal karallagal kesal Fedde ndee (gila 2014), toppitii kala ko faati e karallaagal muulngo defte fedde ndee, tuggi 1985 faade jooni.
O winndii deftere hiisa “Kiiso-ɗen e Pulaar” (1980) e deftere coñce “Hanki maɓɓe hannde men” (1987), ko jiidaa e binndanɗe limti-limtinɗe e Fooyre Ɓamtaare e jime keewɗe.
Njaay Saydu Aamadu