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Cakali cintu cikatazya kutaanguna kwaamba eelyo muntu umwi walo naakajana cintu cimwi. Kwakali tukomwekomwe twakalaalabene, katubumbilidwe tombe abulongo bwamisela yamyaka minjaanji, zyoonse eezyo tiizyakali kuubaubya mulimo wakufwambaana kuyubununa cakasisidwe pe. Ooyu muntu Uufumba migonti munyika, nokuba boobo, wakakkazyika camba. Wakabolyonga mubulongo, kabwezelela kabotu kabotu kabeela kali koonse nkaakali kukonzya kuzwezya, akukabambilila, kukayobola kusikila kukabeela kasyoonto mbuli kadonsi aako nkaakazwezya. Eelyo naakamanizya kusya kusikila toonse tupandupandu twakaceede ansi nitwakavwukkwidwe, ndendilyo eelyo mulimo mupati wini wakuswaanganya zibeela eezyo antoomwe niwakatalika ncobeni.
Kabambilila kupukuta kabotu kabotu cabusungu itombe lyakali atubeelabeela, ooyu sikufumba mugonti, wakasalazya, akucita mulimo wakubambulula akujokolosya kabeela komwe komwe mbukakeelede kulibonya. Mpoonya naakamanizya boobo, wakatalika kuswaanganya akusekkelela zyoonse antoomwe kunembo lyakwe. Kasyonkelela kabeela komwe komwe aawa awaalya, wakasoleka kujana nzila yakubamba cintu ceebeka akulangika kabotu kuzwa kuzikomwekomwe eezyi; mpoonya kwakatalika kuyaa kulibonya cintu cilibotela naakali kuyaa buswaanganya tubeela ooto. Ma! Bulondo bwakubumba cintu ceebeka boobo, bwakatalika kulibonya; kwakalibonya mabazu aakasyinguludwe akubumbililwa atalaa musemo ooyo wakali kulibonyaanga wakali suumbene cakuti tiiwakali kukonzya kwiimikizya cibumbwa eeco.
Kumamanino, makanze aakwe aakubambilila kabotu kabotu, akajana bulumbu. Bunkutwe bwakwe akuyuma kubeleka, kwakasandula zibeela zyakakomookede kuti zyibe nsuwa yeebeka, eeyi nsuwa yakali imwi akataa zyeezyo zyamusyobo ooyo zyatakaninga janidwe munyika.
Boonse aabo bayandaula kasimpe abalo beelede kuba bantu bafumba akubbilila kuya ansi. Bulongo atombe lyaziyanza azilengwa zyabantu, abusofwaazi bwakoofwaala mukukomba mituni, bwakavwukkila tusimpe tulibotela twa Kujulu tunjaanji. Kuti twapukuta akukukwida kumbali kulubizya koonse ooko, cituyubunwida kasimpe, akutujokolosyela bulemu oobo bweelede kukasimpe aako, alimwi ncintu ciyandisya bulondo, akubambilila kapati kokkazyikide camba kucita mulimo ooyo. Umwi mulazyo wabaabo boonse bayandaula kasimpe ngwakuti, lyoonse beelede kubikka mumizeezo yabo kuti kasimpe takakonzyi kulileba pe. Kuti naa kampango ka Mangwalo kamwi kalibonyaanga takeendelani akampango kamwi, ooku nkutambwa kubantu aabo kwaamba kuti: Kodibaulisya kuya ansi aawa! Kucili kasimpe kaciyandika kuyubununwa aako kakonzya kweendelana atusimpe twakalibonya akuzyibwa kale.
Cimwi cibaka ca Mangwalo eeco cakazinga basikwiiya ba Bbaibbele, ntwaambo tujanwa mumabbuku aa Mateyo, Maako a Luuka ooto tulibonyaanga tatweendelani atwaambo tugaminina kwaambwa munzila iisalala mubbuku lya Johani. Basicikolo banjaanji baamba kuti mubbuku lya Mateyo, Maako a Luuka kuli ‘Milumbe’ iikonzyana nkaambo eeyo milumbe ijisi makani aayendelana mubweende bwazyintu zyipedwe mumo. Pele mubbuku lyane, lyokwa Johani, kuli kwiimpana mubweende bwazyintu zyaambwa oomo.
Kunyina akumbi pe ooko nkocilibonya kwiimpana kwiinda mumalembe aaPasika aaciliko mazubaano. Milumbe mibotu iili mumabbuku otatwe aayo, yoonse ilangikaanga ilazuminana kuti buzuba bomwe oobo mbobuzuba bwa Pasika, pele oobo buzuba buliimpene aboobo bujanwa mumulumbe wabbuku lya Johani.
Mubwini, kwiina aawa cilibonyaanga cilisalalide pe. Pele, kasimpe kunyina pe nokakonzya kulileba keni! Masimpe kuti mubuumi oobu mibuzyo yoonse tiikonzyi kwiingulwa pe. Yahuwah kunyina nagwisya zyoonse zyitupa kudonaika nkaambo walo ubikkide mpindu kapati mulwaanguluko lwamuntu. Walo kunyina pe nasinikizya bantu kuti basyome kuti kabatayandi kusyoma. Aboobo, lyoonse anooliko mabbuku oomo mobanoosimpila kudonaika aabo batayandi kusyoma. Muziindi eezyo, mulimo wamuntu uusyoma kuti abelesye lusyomo lwakwe muli Yooyo uutabeji. Mbutwaamba boobo, kuti twavwuntaulisya bumboni boonse bupedwe, inga twalijanina kuti mulumbe mubotu uleendelana mumabbuku woonse aambwa mu Bbaibbele atalaawa. Bbuku lyomwe lyomwe lilaa zyibeela zyamulumbe mubotu, eezyo kuti zyateelelwa kabotu, zyiyubununa kuti kunyina kwiimpana pe.
Ntootu tumpango twakazambaila mizeezo yabantu:
Mateyo 26:17 - " Lino mubuzuba butaanzi bwa pobwe lyacinkwa citakwe mimena basikwiiya bakeza kuli . . . [Yahushua], kabaamba kuli nguwe kuti, “Nkukuli ooko webo nkoyanda kuti tukakubambile kutegwa webo ukalye Pasika?" (KJV1)
Maako 14:1 - "Mumazuba obile kwakali kuyooba pobwe lya pasika, alimwi acinkwa citakwe mimena: alimwi bapaizi bapati abalembi bakayandaula nzila yakuti bamujate cakusisikizya abumpelenge, kutegwa bamujaye.."
Luuka 22:7 - "Mpoonya bwakasika buzuba bwa cinkwa citakwe mimena, eelyo pasika niwaali kuyasilwa."
Aawa kuzingwa mizeezo kuboolela kuzwa mutumpango tulaatala aawa eelyo notweezyekwa azyilembedwe mubbuku lya Johani oomo mwaamba caacitika mumulalilo wamamanino muli Johani 13: “Lino kalitaninga sika pobwe lya pasika, eelyo . . . [Yahushua] wakalizyi kuti woola lyakwe lyasika lyakuti ayaamuke kuzwa munyika eeyi, kuya kuli Taata, kabayandide bakwe aabo bakali munyika, walo wakabayanda kusikila kumamanino.” (Johani13:1)
Oomu, mbeenya mbuli mutumpango atumwi twa Bbaibbele tukopa, Mangwalo alipede kale bwiinguzi. Mulawo ookwa Mozesi, ooyo Uupa-Mulawo, Yahushua, ngwaakali kubamba cabulondo, ulasalazya kutondezya ziindi zya Pasika a Pobwe lya Cinkwa citakwe Mimena.
Mubuzuba bwakkumi abwane bwamwezi mutaanzi kumangolezya ngu . . . pasika ookwa [Yahuwah]. Alimwi mubuzuba bwa kkumi abwane bwamwezi ngweenya ooyu ndipobwe lyacinkwa citakwe mimena kuli . . . [Yahuwah] mazuba aali ciloba mweelede kulya cinkwa citakwe mimena. Mubuzuba butaanzi nywebo mweelede kubaa muswaangano uusetekene: tamweelede kucita mulimo uli woonse mubuzuba oobo pe. (Bapaizi / BaLevi 23:5-7)
Aaka kampango kalasalazya kutondezya mazuba obile aamapobwe aandeene obile:
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Pasika muli bwa Abibu 14
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Buzuba butaanzi bwa Pobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Mimena muli bwa Abibu 15
Johani 13 waamba buyo kuti: “Lino kalitaninga sika pobwe lya pasika . . . Aawa mpaalibonya kwiimpana amazuba aapedwe mubbuku lya Bapaizi!
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Mateyo: Lino mubuzuba butaanzi bwapobwe lyacinkwa citakwe bumena basikwiiya bakeza kuli Yahushua.
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Maako: Mumazuba obile kwakali kuyooba pobwe lya Pasika, alya Cinkwa Citakwe Bumena.
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Luuka: Mpoonya buzuba bwa Cinkwa Citakwe Bumena bwakasika, eelyo Pasika niwakeelede kuyasilwa..
Eelyo nokubunganyigwa tubeelabeela twiindene twa Mangwalo, mazuba aapedwe aa Pasika a Cinkwa Citakwe Bumena mbuli mbwaalembedwe mu BaLevi 23 ayelede kubambwa mbweenya mbwaalembedwe. Aaya ngamazuba ‘aakobelela’ akulesya kuzingwa mizeezo. Taakonzyi kutonkelwa ambali pe. Aboobo, kweelede kupegwa busanduluzi bumwi ncokulibonya aanga mabbuku amwi abikkide antoomwe buzuba bwa Pasika abuzuba butaanzi bwa Cinkwa Citakwe bumena mubuzuba bomwe.
Kaambo kataanzi keelede kulangisyigwa nkakuti mabbuku aaMateyo 26:17 aMaako 14:1 akayungizyilwa mabala mukusandulula Mangwalo kuya mumulaka wa Cikuwa aayo mabala aatajanwi mumalembe mataanzi. Aaya mabala aacengeme ansi lyawaawa ngamabala aayo basanduluzi ngibaayungizya kutumpango tulembedwe mumabbuku aayo:
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"Linomubuzuba butaanzi bwa pobwe lyacinkwa citakwe bumena basikwiiya bakaboola . . . ." (Mateyo 26:17)
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"Mumazuba obile kwakali kuyooba pobwe lya pasika, alya cinkwa citakwe bumena . . . ." (Maako 14:1)
Kakunyina majwi aambi, Mateyo waamba buyo kuti: “Lino butaanzi bwacinkwa citakwe mimena basikwiiya bakaboola . . .” Kuyungizya mabala aasiidwe mukaambo aako, Maako waamba kuti: “Mumazuba obile wakali pasika, alimwi abwacinkwa citakwe bumena . . . .”
Mukampango kazwa mubbuku lya Mateyo, ibbala lya “butaanzi” lizyila kubbala lya πpώtoς (prōtŏs) eelyo lyaamba kuti “cakutaanguna (muciindi, mumundando nokuba mukuyandika).” 2 Lilakonzya akwaamba kuti “matalikilo” akuti “ciinda kubota” pele lilakonzya akusandululwa munzila iiluleme kuti “kakutaninga”. Eelyo bbala lya πpώtoς (prōtŏs) nolisandululwa kuti “kalitaninga ” Mateyo 26:17 waamba kuti: “Linokalitaninga sika lyacinkwa citakwe bumena basikwiiya bakaboola . . .” Eeci cilazuminana a Johani 13:1: Lino kalitaninga sika pobwe lyapasika . . ."
Maako weelede kulangisyigwa nkaambo eeco citobela mpeenya aawo, makani aakunanikwa kwa Yahushua ku Betani ciindi capobwe kuŋanda ya Saimoni. Cintu citaanzi nokuba boobo, kweeledwe kumvwisyisya ncobeni nzila bana ba Isilayeli mbubaali kubelesya majwi amwi, kapati aajatikizya “Pasika” amajwi “aacinkwa citakwe bumena.” Eeci ncecitupa cibeela citobela kutupandulwida makani aaya mu Mangwalo.
Kubala Zyaatola busena mumvwiki ya Kukankaminwa . . . cituyubunwida kasimpe kakuti majwi aakuti C[izuminano] C[ipya] tά ἄZuua ("cinkwa citakwe bumena"), . . . alalibonya ziindi zikubwene mumulumbe mubotu aawo mpokwaambwa ciindi ca pasika. Aaya majwi taali mabala aatwaambyo; pele, boonse bobile Maako a Luuka bakalaamvwisyide aciindi nibaali kulemba Mangwalo, mazina aamapobwe tò πάvoxa a tά ἄZuua akali kucincana kubelesyegwa.3 Nokuba boobo, ibbala lyabili litobela majwi aaya lilibonya kuti Luuka ndyaakali kuyandisya kapati eelyo naakali kwaamba ciindi ca pasika,4 aMateyo awalo.5 Josephus awalo ulitondezyede mbwaakali kucincauzyigwa mabala aaya kubelesyegwa mumazuba ngaakali kupona.6 Awalo wiita buzuba “bwakkumi abwane” kuti “buzuba bwa cinkwa citakwe bumena."7,8
Mulaka wabantu ulacinculuka ziindi zinjaanji kwiinda nzila yomwe. Mbweenya buyo abbala lyakuti “Kkilisimasi” mbolyaambilizya Nalupale 25, lilaambilizya aciindi eeco cili munsaa buzuba oobo, ciindi camwaka nanka camwezi wa Nalupale. Kusikila kuciindi ca Mesiya, majwi aa “cinkwa citakwe bumena” a “Pasika” akatalikide kale kwiiminina mabala aambilizya mvwiki yoonse, kutalikila mubuzuba bwa Pasika (Abibu 14) kuya kumbele mumazuba aali ciloba aapobwe lya Cinkwa citakwe Bumena eelyo lyakali kutalikila muli bwa Abibu 15.
Balembi bobile balaa mpuwo bamusela mutaanzi A.D, balacincauzya kubelesya bbala lya “Pasika” abbala lya “Pobwe lya Cinkwa citakwe Bumena” mukwaamba ciindi ca Pasika; zimwi ziindi kababelesya “Pasika” mukwaamba pobwe lyoonse amazuba aandilyo antoomwe. Aaba balembi mbaa Philo waku Alexandria (20 BC - AD 50) a Josephus (AD 37 - circa AD 100).
Kutegwa twaambo tujatikizya pasika twabalembi bamusela mutaanzi tuteelelwe, ncintu ciyandika kuti mazina aamapobwe aabo kaalembedwe akusandululwa. Aaya mabala amajwi ali mumulaka uutazyibidwe, alimwiinga kaayiminina cintu ciimpene aceeco caambwa mumulaka wakusandulula mu Cikuwa. Ngooyu mukonzyanyo mabala aaci Giliki πάσxa, nokuba ϕάσka mbuli mbwaajanwa ziindi zimwi, alilembedwe ziindi zili kkumi azyibili muli Josephus. Iswe twaasandulula kuti pasika, ooyo waamba ziindi zinjaanji kuti mulalilo wa pasika. Pele cintu cakali kujanwa ziindi zinjaanji , a Josephus, eelyo bbala lilacincauzyigwa abbala lyaamba pobwe lyamazuba aali lusele lya pobwe lyacinkwa citakwe bumena, pele ziindi zyotatwe buyo nolyaamba cigaminina buzuba bwakkumi abwane bwa Nisani 14 [Abibu], kakuli ziindi zyotatwe lyaamba buyo mwanaambelele wa pasika. Alimwi takunajenwe ciindi aawo bbala eeli πάσxa mpoliiminina buyo mulalilo luzutu, nokuba kuti lilaambilizya cituuzyo capasika amulalilo antoomwe. Muli Josephus, kuli ziindi zyili makumi obile azyosanwe nolyaambilizya kutuuzya pasika.9
Ngooyu mukonzyanyo oomo Josephus mwaakacincauzya kubelesya bbala lya “Pasika” alya “Pobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Bumena” mumalembe aakwe aankondo (Wars II.I.1-3 oomo mwaamba kuti:
Alimwi lino pobwe lya cinkwa citakwe bumena lyakali sikide kale, eelyo liitwa kuti (pascha) [Pasika] aba Juuda, eelyo liletelezya milwi milwi yazipaziyo amakunga aabantu, kujanza limwi, kabalongomoka kuzwa muminzi kuboolela pobwe eelyo, kakuli kujanza alimwi, aabo bakali kulilaukila basilisi kabaimvwi mutempele akubunganya bantu kuti basangane nkamu yabo.10
Mukampango aaka, Josephus wakali kutondezya kuzanga kwa banaIsilayeli ooko kwakacitika muli bwa Abibu 14, Pasika, kalwiindide lufu lwa Helodi Mupati. Wakayungizya kwaamba kuti “ipobwe lyacinkwa citakwe bumena “lyakali sikide kale” akuya kumbele kupandulula kuti eelyo pobwe lwalyo lyakali kwiitwa kuti “pasika / Pobwe Iya Kwiindilila” abana baIsilayeli. Mbombubo mbweenya oobu mbolibelesyegwa mwalo mumulumbe mubotu eeli bbala.
Ncintu cisalala kuli Josephus kuti aaya mabala akali kucincauzyigwa mukwaamba zibeela zyobile zyapobwe alimwi akasikila waawo mpaabelesyegwa cakuti tiikwakacili kuzyibika kuti ncicili caambwa aawo. Nkaambo Josephus wakali kwaamba ciindi camazuba aali lusele aciindi cimwi kuti ndi Pobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Bumena alimwi muziindi zimwi wakali kubelesya bbala lya (Pasika) mucibaka ca Pobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Bumena nokuba mukwaamba ciindi coonse capobwe eelyo kuti nciindi ca Pasika . . . eeci citondezya kuti, nkanjikanji kwakacinyina kwiimpanya akataa Pasika a Pobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Bumena alimwi kuti buzuba bwa Nisani 14 bwakali swaanganyidwe kuciindi capobwe eelyo.11
Kaambo keni aaya mabala ncaakali kucincauzyigwa nkakuti cinkwa citakwe bumena cakali kulidilizyigwa amupobwe lya Pasika alimwi kuleka buyo mumazuba aali ciloba aatobela Pasika. "Mabala aakuti tά ἄZuua [cinkwa citakwe bumena] kakunyina kudonaika kuti akazyilide kuciyanza ca C[izuminao C[akale] , eeco cakabikkide milawo yakuti cinkwa citakwe bumena ceelede kuligwa amwanaambelele uyookedwe mubuzuba bwa kkumi abwane bwamwezi waba Juuda."12 Mimena yakali gwisyidwe mumaanda mubuzuba bwakkumi abwane, alimwi Pobwe lya Pasika mangolezya aayo lyakali kuligwa acinkwa citakwe mimena.
Cintu cikatazya kumvwisya mutwaambo ootu cizyila mukweezyeezya kuti bbala lyokwa Philo a Josephus lyakuti πάσxa [pasika/Pobwe lya Kwiindilila] lyoonse liiminina kusekelela kwabuzuba bwa 14 Nisani [Abibu]. Pele kwiimpanya ali ceeci, mbuli mbokwaambwa kale, eeli bbala liiminina pobwe lyoonse lya cinkwa citakwe bumena. Alimwi kunyina pe ceelede kwaambwa kuti ncoliiminna kuleka buyo eeco cilembedwe.13
Lino mbotwamvwisyisya kuti bbala lya “Pasika” alya “cinkwa citakwe bumena” lyakali kucincauzyigwa kwaamba pobwe aciindi capobwe eelyo coonse, alimwi akwaambilizya mazuba aali mukati kapobwe eelyo, lino nceciindi cakuti tulange alimwi kuli Maako 14:1 atumpango tutobela waawo:
Lino kwakasyeede mazuba obilo kuti lisike Pobwe lya Kwiindilila aPobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Mimena. Basilutwe babapaizi abalembi bakali kuyandaula nzila yakuti bamujate cabucenjezu akumujaya. Pele bakalibilika kabaamba kuti: Ikutali muciindi ca Pobwe nkaambo inga bantu kabayooleta manyongwe. Mpoonya naakali ku Betaniya muŋanda yokwa Simoni sicinsenda, kakkede oomo kalya, kwakaboola mukaintu wakajisi nsazi yamafuta aanunkilila alimwi aadula kapati, aayo mafuta aaitwa kuti nado; wakajalula nsazi akutalika kutila mafuta aayo amutwe ookwa Yahushua (Maako 14:1-3)
Aawa kuli kaambo keni aaka kampango ncokamvwikaanga kaliimpene akaako kali mubbuku lya Johani:
Mpoonya . . . kakusyeede mazuba aali cisambomwe kuti litalike Pobwe lya Kwiindilila, [Yahushua] wakaboola ku Betaniya, ooko kwakali kukkala Lazalosi ooyo ngwaakabusya kuzwa kubafu. Mpoonya bakamubambila cakulya cakulalila; alimwi Maata nguwakamusomba cakulya: awalo Lazalosi wakali umwi akati kabaabo bakakkede kutebule anguwe. Mpoonya Maliya wakabweza mafuta aanunkilila aakkwana cisela calita lyomwe, lya nado iini-ini iidulisya, eelyo wakananika maulu ookwa Yahushua akwaapukuta amasusu aakwe. Iŋanda yoonse yakazulila kununkilila mafuta aayo. (Johani 12:1-3)
Kwiina ciindi ceelede kusoogwa kuzwanganina makani aayimpene kuti mpaali eeni aawo Maliya mpaakatila mafuta aayo : Maako waamba kuti mpaatalaa mutwe ookwa Yahushua; Johani waamba kuti nkuumaulu Aakwe. Naba musilikani uuvwuntauzya twaambo ulizyi kuti bantu balangilizya cintu kacicitika abalo balaamba zintu ziindene nkaambo umwi waamba kuti kuli cintu comwe ncaakabona ciimpene acaumwi ncaakali kulanga, aboobo, boonse nzyobaamba inga kazyili masimpe. Bwiinguzi buubauba aawa mbwakuti Maliya wakatila mafuta kumaulu aatalaa mutwe wa Mufutuli.
Pele kaambo keni kalibonya aanga kali ali ceeco ncaakaamba Maako kuti Pasika wakali kuyooba kakusyeede mazuba OBILE kakuli Johani waamba kuti Yahushua wakaboola ku Betaniya kakusyeede mazuba aali CISAMBOMWE kuti utalike Pasika. Kukosozya kaambo mutwaambo ootu tulibonyaanga tuliimpene, ncintu ciyandika kubweza Mangwalo mbweenya mbwaalembedwe alimwi kuleka kuyungizya cili coonse citali mumoomo.
Ncintu cuubauba kumwantukila kukososzya makani aayo aatali mumangwalo . . . “kukosozya kaambo nkotutakonzyi kweeleba.” Ootu twaambo tujatikizya dolopo lyaku Betaniya ntotwaambo tuli mumakani aawa. Hena Johani waamba kuti kunanika mafuta kwaatola busena kakusyeede mazuba cisambomwe kuti litalike pobwe lya Pasika? Nee peepe! Cilembedwe caamba kuti, “mazuba aali cisambomwe kuutaninga sika Pasika [Yahushua] WAKABOOLA KU Betaniya”(Johani 12:1). Mpoonya kumbele lyakaambo aaka, makani aakunanikwa alajuzyigwa muci Giliki abbala lyaoun eelyo liiminina kuti “mpoonya, aboobo, mbweenya oobo, kutobela waawo, mbuzyakali boobo zyintu” (Thayer). Oun ndibbala lyaamba buyo kuti kucili cintu cakatobela aawo eeco Johani ncayanda kutwaambila. Talyaambi kuti mpoonaawo wakalya mulalilo ooyo ngwaakasombwa buzuba mbweenya oobo [Yahushua] naakaboola ku Betaniya.14 Pele mukwiimpanya boobo, Maako utupandulwida zyaatola busena . Aciindi eelyo “nikwakasyeede mazuba obile kusikila bwa Pasika” (Maako 14:1a), basilutwe ba baJuuda bakapangana kuti bamujaye [Yahushua] (Maako 14:1b). Eeci cakatola busena eelyo [Yahushua] “naakali ku Betaniya muŋanda yokwa Simoni sicinsenda” (Maako 14:3). Eeci citwaambila kuti kunanikwa mafuta ooko kwaatola busena mazuba obile kuutaninga sika Pasika, alimwi[Yahushua] wakaboola ku Betaniya kakusyeede mazuba aali cisambomwe kuti lisike pobwe lya Pasika (naa mazuba one kusikila akunanikwa).
Aboobo, makani aali muli Johani taayimpene a makani aali mubbuku lya Maako. Pele kutegwa tumvwisyisye mbwaazuminana makani aaya akataa bbuku lya Johani alyokwa Maako mukaambo aaka, ncintu ciyandika kuti tucengulukile ku Mangwalo akulanga waawo aakataangunwa kulembwa makanaa Pasika. Mbuli mbukwatondezyegwa kale, mabala aa “Pasika” a “Cinkwa Citakwe Mimena” akali kubelesyegwa kwaamba ciindi coonse lisekelelwa pobwe lya pasika. Pele cintu ciindwa ambali, ncakuti eeco “ciindi” tiicakali kutalika pele kusikila muli bwakkumi abwane bwamwezi, pele muli bwakkumi kwakali mulimo wakulibambila wakali kucitwa.
Lino Mwami Yahuwah wakati kuli Mozesi a Aloni mu Ijipiti, “Ooyu mwezi uyooba ngomwezi wanu mutaanzi mumwaka.” Amwaambile bantu Baisilayeli boonse kuti, “Mubuzuba bwakkumi bwamwezi uuno, umwi aumwi muntu uleelede kusalila mukwasyi wakwe kabelele. Mumukwasyi omwe-omwe kabelele komwe. Kabelele aako kaleelede kuti kakanyina kampenda, kagutu kamwaka omwe. Kalakonzya kuba kabelele naa kapongo. Mukabambilile kabelele aaka kusikila mubuzuba bwakkumi abwane bwamwezi ooyu, ndendilyo buleya boonse bwa Isilayeli nibuyoojaya tubelele twabo kumangolezya. (Langa Kulonga 12:1-3, 5, 6.)
Buzuba bwakkumi bwamwezi mutaanzi mbobwakali buzuba mukwasyi omwe omwe niwakeelede kulisalila kabelele kagutu nokaba kajembwe kana kuti kakabe cituuzyo cakupaizya. Mbuli cinkonzya ca Mufutuli, aako kabelele kakeelede kubula kampenda nokuba kabata kali koonse. Ootu tunyama twakali kubambililwa akuletwa mumaanda, kusanzyigwa akusaninwa. Eelyo eeci nicaali kucitwa boobo, mukwasyi woonse wakali kutalika kuyandisya akumvwana akanyama aaka kayandwa boobu. Aboobo, eelyo aaka kanyama nikaayasilwa, cakali kuba cintu cilemu mukati kamukwasyi nkaambo cakali cinkonzya ca Mwanaambelele ookwa Yahuwah ooyo wakali kuyooyasilwa zinyonyoono zyanyika.
Kumvwisyisya kuti bbala lya “Pasika” lyakali kwiiminina zinjaanji kwiinda buyo kwaambilizya buzuba bumwi bwa Abibu 14, bamwi basikwiiya bakasoleka kulombozya kuti oobo buzuba eelyo Yahushua naakananikwa, mubwini bwakali buzuba bwakkumi bwamwezi – buzuba bwini oobo tunyama twakuyasila cituuzyo nitwaali kusalwa. Katwiibaluka kuti ba Hebulayo bakali kubalila mazuba aabo munzila yakusanganya, kuleka nzila yakugwisyila mazuba mbuli mbokucitwa mazubaano, ciindi ca pobwe lyakali Mufutuli kuŋanda yokwa Saimoni cakali ciindi ceelela kuti cakali ciindi cabuzuba bwakkumi bwamwezi.
Mumajwi aakwe Mufutuli ulibonya kuti Walo wakalizyi cakali kwaambilizya makani aali mumucito wa Maliya mukumunanika mafuta: Eelyo basikwiiya nibakatalika kunonga bwaabi bwa Maliya, Yahushua wakati kuli mbabo: “Amumuleke. Nkaambo nzi ncomumukatazyila? Wandijatila mulimo mubotu Ime.” (Maako 14:6, NKJV) Mpoonya, wakaambilizya lufu Lwakwe lwakali kuswena kakusyeede mazuba one, Wakayungizya kuti:
Nkaambo munooli limwi abacete lyoonse munsi lyenu, alimwi kufumbwa nomuyanda inga kamubacitila zibotu lyoonse; pele Ime nsyenooli akati kenu lyoonse pe. Walo wandicitila ncaali kukonzya kundicitila. Wacita mbwaali kukonzya kuti ananike mubili Wangu kuubambila kuti ukazikkwe kabotu.” (Maako 14:7, 8, NKJV)
Eelyo pobwe, mubwini, lyakali mulalilo ooyo mufalisi uuvwubide wazyina lya Saimoni, ndyaakabambila “kulumba” Mufutuli. Yahushua wakaponya Saimoni kuzwa kucinsenda (langa Maako 14:3 ) alimwi mubulumbu bwakwe kukuponyegwa ooko, Saimoni wakatamba Mufutuli, abasikwiiya Bakwe a Lazalosi kuti balalile antoomwe zintu zinona zyakulya kulilekela. Mwanaa Saimoni musankwa, awalo wakali umwi akataa basikwiiya bali kkumi ababili aabo. Ooyu ngo sikwiiya, walo mubupaale bwaŋanda yokwabo, wakataanguna kunonga bwaabi bwa Maliya nkaambo kakupa cipego cilibotela boobu ku Mufutuli, mukucita boobo wakali kufubaazya Mufutuli awalo mukutambula cipego eeco.
Aboobo kali ku Betaniya, kakkede kutebule, kwakaboola mukaintu ooyo wakajisi nsazi iijisi mafuta aadulisya kapati aa nado muŋanda ya Simoni sicinsenda. Mpoonya wakapwaya nsuwa eeyo akutila mafuta atalaa mutwe Wakwe. (Maako 14:3)
Pele umwi wabasikwiiya Bakwe, Judasi Sikaliyoti, mwana musankwa ookwa Saimoni 15 ooyo wakali kuyoomwaaba Walo, wakati, “Nkaambo nzi aaya mafuta ncaataulisyigwi madinali aali myaanda yotatwe akupegwa kubacete?” Wakaamba boobu, kuleka kuti wakali kukombelela bantu bacete pe, pele nkaambo wakali mubbi naa kabwalala, alimwi nguwaali kusunga nkomo yamali; wakalizyibide kuligwasya mali aakali munkomo eeyo. Pele . . . [Yahushua] wakati, “Amumuleke mumusiye alikke; wakabambilwa buzuba bwakuzikkwa Kwangu. Nkaambo lyoonse inywe munikuli limwi abacete, pele Ime nsyenooliko lyoonse pe akati kenu.” (Johani 12:4-8)
Bamwi basikwiiya, aabo bakali kuyandana a Judasi nkaambo kabuvwubi bwakwe, musyobo abupaale bwakwe, bakafwamba kutobela mukonzyanyo wakwe. Nkukalala kwa Judasi eelyo Mufutuli naakamusinsa cakubomba kumulalilo waalidwa muŋanda yawisi, eeco cakapa kuti mpeenya aawo Judasi akanze kuyoomwaaba Yahushua mumaanza aabapaizi. Aboobo wakayandaula nzila yakusisikizya kuti akamwaabe katakubwene kuti ngu Judasi wacicita eeco. Naakamanizya kulemba cakali kwaamba Yahushua kuli basikwiiya, majwi eeni ngaakatobela kulemba Maako ngakuti: “Mpoonyaawo Judasi Sikaliyoti, umwi wabasikwiiya bali kkumi ababili, wakaunka kubapaizi kuti akamwaabe kuli mbabo. Mpoonya nibakamvwa boobo, bakakkomana, alimwi bakamusyomya kumupa mali.” (Maako 14:10, 11)
Bumboni buyungizya atala butondezya kuti mulalilo ooyo wakalidwa muŋanda ya Saimoni kuti wakatola busena mubuzuba bwakkumi bwamwezi, bulakonzya kujanwa mumakani aatobela muzyintu zyakacitika eelyo nilyaamanizya kuligwa pobwe kuŋanda ya Saimoni:
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Judasi wakaswaangana abasilutwe babapaizi abasololi kuti aabe Yahushua. (Langa Luke 22:1-6.)
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Buzuba bwakatobela pobwe nilyakalidwe muŋanda ya Saimoni, Yahushua wakanjila mumunzi wa Jelusalema kayaa kutembaulwa akutambulwa mbuli walupatipati ulaampuwo kapati. (Langa Matthew 21:1-11 a John 12:12-15.)
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Naakasika ku Jelusalema, Yahushua wakasalazya tempele eelyo naakakwabbaula basambazi abasikucinca mali. (Langa Luke19:45-48.)
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Kuli zimwi zinjaanji zilembedwe mumulumbe mubotu eezyo zyakacitika mumazuba aakatobela kunjila mu Jelusalema kayaa kutembaulwa akutambulwa mbuli walupatipati ulaampuwo kapati, mbuli leelyo ba Giliki nibaali kuyanda kumubona Yahushua. (Langa John 12:20-33.)
Kuti pobwe lyakaligwa muŋanda yokwa Simoni nilyakali mubuzuba bwakkumi abwabili (12)th, mazuba obile buyo aceede kuti busike buzuba bwakkumi abwane (14th), nikwatakaba ciindi cinji cakuti zyoonse eezyi zilembedwe mu Mangwalo , zilembwe mbuli mbozyaacitika akataa pobwe eelyo aMulalilo Wamamanino. Eeci ncecitondezya kuti aleendelana makanaa mulumbe mubotu muli Johani amuli Maako.
Cimwi cintu ciswaanganya milumbe iili mumabbuku one eeco cisalazya kutondezya kuti kukankaminwa, ooko kwakatola busena mubuzuba bwa Pasika, oobo bwakali “Buzuba bwa Kulibambila."
Mateyo 27:59, 60 a 62 - "Alimwi eelyo Josefa naakamana kugwisya mubili wa [Yahushua], walo wakuuzambaila mumulembo uusalala, Alimwi wakuulazyika mucuumbwe cakwe cipya, eeco ncaakalipakwida mumpako yabbwe: alimwi wakakunkulisya bbwe lipati kuya kumulyango wacuumbwe, akupiluka. . . . Lino buzuba bwakatobela, oobo bwakatobela buzuba bwakulibambila, basilutwe babapaizi bakaboola antoomwe kuti bavwiyevwiye a Pilato . . . ."
Maako 15:42 - "Alimwi lino mangolezya naakasika, nkaambo oobo buzuba bwakali buzuba bwakulibambila, buzuba busolweda bwa Nsabata, Josefa waku Alimateya, . . . wakaunka kakkazyikide camba kuli Pilato, akuyookumbila mubili ookwa . . . [Yahushua]."
Luuka 23:53, 54 - " Nkabela walo [Josefa waku Alimateya] wakaanzula akukkomonona mubili, akuuvwungaila mumulembo, alimwi wakuulazyika mucuumbwe eeco cakapakwidwe mubbwe, oomo mwatakalazyikidwe muntu kuzwa nicaapakulwa. Alimwi oobo bwakali buzuba bwakulibambila, nkabela Nsabata yakali kuzyaabuswena."
Oobu mbumboni bukosozya makani, buli mumilumbe yone mibotu buleendelana kujatikizya mazuba aa Pasika aPobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Mimena. Mukkalenda litobezya mwezi azuba, buzuba bwa Pasika lyoonse busikila mubuzuba bwa kkumi abwane (14th ) bwacisambomwe mumvwiki.
Mbokuli boobo, buzuba bwakatobela, buzuba butaanzi bwa Pobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Mimena, lyoonse bwakali kusika mubuzuba bwaciloba bwa Nsabata oobo mu Bapaizi 23:6 bwaambwa kuti bwakali buzuba bwakkumi abwasanu bwamwezi. Mangwalo ayita buzuba bwakkumi abwane bwa Pasika kuti, “mbuzuba bwakulibambila.” Bantu banji babamba Nsabata babelesya bbala eelyo kwaamba kuti mbobuzuba bwacisambomwe, nkaambo butondezya kuti buzuba bwacisambomwe mbuzuba bwakubeleka, kulibambila Nsabata mubuzuba butobela alimwi ncintu cikonzyeka kuti bana Isilayeli bakali kubelesya bbala eeli munzila njeenya eeyo. Mangwalo lwawo eeni, nokuba boobo, aamba buyo kuti buzuba bwa kkumi abwane naa bwiitwa kuti bwa Pasika – mbuzuba busolweda buzuba butaanzi bwa Pobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Mimena.
Nkaambo buzuba butaanzi bwa Cinkwa Citakwe Mimena lyoonse bwakali kusikila mu Nsabata yamvwiki amvwiki, buzuba oobo bwakali kwiitwa kuti “Nsabata Mpati."
Mpoonya wakacengamika mutwe Wakwe, walo wakafwa akulekezya muya Wakwe. Aboobo, nkaambo bwakali Buzuba bwa Kulibambila, kutegwa mibili itakajaniki kiicili ampanda mu Nsabata (nkaambo eeyo Nsabata yakali Nsabata mpati), bama Juuda bakalomba Pilato kuti maulu aabo akompoolwe, kutegwa batolwe kooko niitaninga sika Nsabata. Johani 19:30, 31, NKJV
Buzuba bwa Kulibambila bwakali buzuba bwakubeleka. Bwakali buzuba oobo nikwakali kugwisyilwa anze kufumbwa cilaa mimena eeco cakalimumaandaa bantu nkaambo (mimena wakali mukonzyanyo wacinyonyoono, aboobo eeci cakali kutondezya kugwisya cinyonyoono kuzwa mumuya watempele lili mumuntu). Eelyo bana bambelele ba Pasika nibaali kujayigwa, eeco cakali kutondezya kumbelaa mazuba eelyo Mesiya nayooyasilwa zinyonyoono zyanyika. Aaka kasimpe antoomwe a Buzuba bwa Kulibambila, kalilembedwe mumulumbe mubotu, pele takalembedwe mubbuku lya Johani. Pele nokuba boobo, eeci caatikika citupa buyo makani aatusalazyila zilembedwe mu Bbaibbele kujatikizya caatola busena aciindi lini lyaacitika Pasika wakukankaminwa.
Cakali cilengwa kuti sintolongo uusingidwe kuti kalikulika akulibwezela mapulanga aaciciingano cakwe nobayaa kumutola kukujayigwa. Nokuba boobo, Mateyo, Maako, a Luuka boonse balembede kuti umwi muntu nguwaakulikidwe ciciingano ca Mufutuli. Eeci tacili buyo cintu cilikke pe camamanino cakumvwida kweetela aluse eeco ncaakacitilwa Kristu. Mukulanga zyoonse zyakatola busena, Mufutuli taakacijisi nguzu zyakulinyamwida mapulanga aciciingano cakwe nkaambo wakabucesya tubulu kwiina koona ŋonzi alimwi bwakakunka bulowa bunjaanji ciindi coonse eeco naakali kuumwa. Basikalumamba baku Loma bakalijanina nzila yakuti umwi muntu amubwezele ciciingano:
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Nkabela nibakayaamuka kuzwa mumunzi, bakaswaanganya mulombwana waku Sailini, wiitwa zina kuti Saimoni: bakamusinikizya ooyo kuti amubwezele ciciingano." (Mateyo 27:32)
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" Nkabela bakasinikizya Saimoni umwi muntu waku Sailini, ooyo wakati inde ambali lyawaawo, kazyila muminzi yakali mumabalibali, alimwi ooyo wakali wisi wa Alekizanda a Lufasi, kuti amubwezele ciciingano." (Maako 15:21)
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"Nkabela eelyo nibakali kuyaa kumukankaizya, bakajana Saimoni, muntu waku Sailini, eelyo naakali kuzyila muminzi yakali mumbali, akumukulika ciciingano, kayaa kumutobela . . . [Yahushua]." (Luuka 23:26)
Bamwi balembi basyoma kuti oobo bupanduluzi bwa Saimoni “naakali kuzyila muminzi” nkwaamba kuti Saimoni wakali kuzyila kukubeleka kumyuunda. Nkaambo kwakali kubucedo kwini, kaambo keni kanga kabaa maanu nkakuti Saimoni wakali mumusinzo kuya ku Jelusalema ku Pobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Mimena. Mabala aakuti "wakali kuzyila muminzi naa musyokwe" citondezya kuti wakeendede musinzo mulamfukwiinda “musinzo wamu Nsabata” ooyo wakazumizyidwe kweendwa mumazuba aasetekene. Pele kufumbwa naa Saimoni wakazyila kumyuunda kukubeleka, nokuba kuti wakali mumusinzo, ilikke nzila eeco mbwaakali kukonzya kucita boobo nkuti buyo buzuba bwa Pasika abwalo mbuzuba bwakubeleka . Masimpe kuti kusanganya kaano aaka mumulumbe mubotu, cintu citondezya kuti "pobwe lya cinkwa citakwe mimena" lyakazyibidwe kwiitwa kuti ndipobwe lya Pasika.
Pele Luuka wakalemba makani aayindene. Kulembedwe kuti: " Mpoonya bwakasika buzuba bwacinkwa citakwe mimena, eelyo pasika niwakeelede kujayigwa." (Luuka 22:7) Mbuli mbotwalibonena kuti mabala aa “pasika” a “cinkwa citakwe mimena” kuti akali kubelesyegwa cakucincauzya, kaajatikizya mazuba akataa buzuba oobo mwanaambelele wamuyasilo naakali kusalwa mubuzuba bwakkumi kusikila buzuba bucaalizya bwapobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Mimena muli bwa makumi obile abumwi ( 21st) oobo butobelwa mpeenya aNsabata yabuzuba bwaciloba muli bwa makumi obile abwabili (22nd). Cintu citobela muli Luuka 22, mbupanduluzi buzwide twaambo bwa Mulalilo Wamamanino ooyo ngotucisekelela mazubaano kuti Mulalilo. Kaambo kaswaanganya mabbuku aamulumbe mubotu kajanwa mukaambo kakuti ooyo Mulalilo Wamamanino wakaligwa mumawoola masyoonto buyo aakaceede kuti Mufutuli aabwe, tiiwakali mulalilo wa Pasika wini.
Muci Hebulayo, ci Alamu amuci Giliki, mbweenya buyo amu Cikuwa, kwakali mabala aayindene aatondezya kuti cinkwa cakabambidwe aamimena (cinkwa cilaa mimena) naa kakunyina mimena (cinkwa citakwe mimena).
MUCI HEBULAYO
Cinkwa
citakwe mimena = matzah (naa matzot kuti
kazyili zinjaanji.)
Cinkwa cilaa mimena = lekhem (naalekhemim kuti kazyili zinjaanji.)
MUCI ALAMU
Cinkwa
citakwe mimena = patireh
Cinkwa cilaa mimena = lakhma
MUCI GILIKI
Cinkwa
citakwe mimena = azumos (naa azumon nanka azuma
kuti kazyili zinjaanji.)
Cinkwa cilaa mimena = artos (naa arton kuti kazyili zinjaanji.)
Kakunyina kusiya ambali cintu nociba cili buti, lyoonse Mangwalo naambilizya “Pobwe lya Cinkwa citakwe mimena”, ibbala lya cinkwa citakwe mimena ndelibelesyegwa: matzah, patireh, azumos. Nokuba boobo, kufumbwa aawo mu Mangwalo nokwaambwa cinkwa cakaligwa mumulalilo wamamanino, kuti bbala lya cilaa mimena: lakhma, artos. Aboobo “Mulalilo Wamamanino” wakatola busena mubuzuba bwakasolweda mulalilo wa Pasika wini.
Mbuli mbutwalibonena kale, boonse bobile Johani a Mateyo baamba kuti Mulalilo Wamamanino wakatola busena Pasika a Pobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Mimena kazyitaninga citika. Mukampango ka 1 Corinthians 11:23 and 26-28, Paulu awalo uzumanana kubelesya bbala lya cinkwa cilaa mimena eelyo nakambauka makanaa Mulalilo Wamamanino ancuyiiminina mumoza. Nokuba kuti Johani talembede makanaa Mulalilo Wamamanino, pele ugeme kwaamba kusanzyigwa matende ooko kwakatola busena kuutaninga ligwa mulalilo ooyo; Mateyo, Maako a Luuka boonse balazumina kuti cinkwa cakaligwa Mumulalilo Wamamanino ooyo, cakali cinkwa cilaa mimena, aboobo ooyo mulalilo tiiwakali mulalilo wa Pasika pe. Eeci ncintu citonkomana kwaambwa mumakani aa Johani eelyo nainduluka kwaamba buzuba bwakukankaminwa kuti bwakali buzuba bwini bwa Pasika, busolweda buzuba butaanzi bwa Pobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Mimena. (Langa John 18:28; 18:39;19:14; 19:31 and 19:42.) Kutegwa ulizyibile zinjaanji, kobala cilembedwe
Kasimpe kamaninizya kuganta kuti mulumbe mubotu uulembedwe mumabbuku one wakali kwaamba zyintu zyomwe zyakacitika mumazuba ngeenya, kalakonzya kujanwa mukaambo kakuti cisi coonse cakali swaangene mukusekelela Pentekkositi. Kuti mabbuku aaya naakali kwaambilizya Pasika uutola busena mubuzuba bwiindene aboobo bwaambwa mubbuku lya Johani, nkabela eeci nicali kunyonganya kubala mazuba aasikila ku Pentekkositi.
Kalaafwi kuzyokela Kujulu, Mufutuli naakabukide kuzwa kubafu, Wakapa malailile aasalede kuli basikwiiya Bakwe kuti kabacikkede mu Jelusalema: “ Alimwi naakabungene ambabo wakabalailila kuti: Mutayaamuki kuzwa mu Jelusalema pe, pele kamuzumanana kulindila cisyomyo eeco Taata, ncaakaamba kuti, mwaandimvwa nceekali kwaamba ambeyo. Nkaambo ncobeni Johani wakali kubbapatizya mumeenda, pele nywebo muyoobbapatizyigwa amuuya uusalala kakutanainda mazuba manji kuzwa sunu." (Milimo 1:4, 5)
Basikwiiya bakateelela Simalelo wabo wakabukide kuzwa kubafu. Mazuba aakatobela waawo akali mazuba aakulisinsa akweempwa mumyoyo.
Ndilyona kwakamvwugwa muzuzumo kuzwa kujulu mbuli kuvwuuma kwaguwo pati lyuungisya, alimwi lyakazuzya ŋanda oomo mobakakkede. Mpoonya kwakalibonya kuli mbabo mbuli milaka yamulilo, yakaselemuka akukkala ali omwe omwe wakali akati kabo. Ndeenya eelyo boonse bakanjilwa Muuya Uusalala, alimwi bakatalika kubandika mumilaka yiindeene-indene mbubonya Muuya mbuwakabazumizya kwaambaula (Milimo 2:1-4)
Pentekkositi ndimwi lya mapobwe aciindi comwe mumwaka eelyo boonse bana Isilayeli batonkomene ndibaali kuzyokela kuzyoosekelela ku Jelusalema. Kaambo kakuti munzi wa Jelusalema wakazwide beenzu bazwa mumasi aminzi iili kulaale, kali mukampango katobela waawo.
Aciindi eeco baJuuda bankutwe kukomba aabo bakali kuzwa muzisi zyoonse zyaanyika bakali mu Jelusalemu. Aboobo muzuzumo ooyu nowakamvwugwa, bantu banji kapati bakabungana alimwi bakazingwa, nkaambo umwi aumwi wabo wakabamvwa kabaambaula mumwaambo wakwe mwini. Masimpe bakagambwa akumaninwa maanu eelyo kababuzyana kuti: “Amubone, sena aaba baambaula tabali bana Galilaya boonse? Aboobo ino caba buti kuti umwi aumwi wesu uumvwa mwaambo ngotwakazyalwa anguwo? Tobana Patiya, toba Medi, tobana Elamu, notukkala ku Mesopotamiya, ku Judaya, ku Kapadokiya, ku Ponto akucooko caAsiya, notuzwa ku Fuligiya, ku Pamfiliya, ku Ejipita akuzyooko zya Libya kufwaafwi aku Sailini, tobeenzu ba Juda antoomwe aba Juuda basandule notuzwa ku Loma, tobana Kilete abana Alabiya, toonse twabamvwa kabaambaula mumyaambo yesu kujatikizya milimo mipati yokwa . . . [Yahuwah].”. (Milimo 2:5-11)
Ooyu mulongo wamakamu aabantu baluzubo luna Isilayeli, bakkala mumasi aazyooko ziindene, abalo bakaboolede ku Jelusalema kuti bazyoosekelele pobwe lyaciindi comwe mumwaka lya Pentekkositi.
Kuti Johani abalembi bamulumbe mubotu nibatakali kweendelana ziindi zyamalembe aabo zyabuzuba bwa pasika, mbubuti mbokunga kuleka buyo basikwiiya boonse, pele aba Juuda abalo bazwa muzyooko zya Kujwe, mbubakali kweendelana kubala buzuba bwa Pentekkositi, oobo mbubakali kubamba mubuzuba bomwe mbweenya. Kuti nikwakali kwiimpana mizeezo amakanaa buzuba bwa pasika, nikwakaba kwiimpana akubala buzuba bwa Pentekkositi abwalo.16
Kuleka kutweetelela makani aayimpene aa kukankaminwa kwa Pasika, zilembedwe mumabbuku aamulumbe mubotu zyoonse zyileendelana! Eeco cintu ciimpene mumakani aalembedwe mumilumbe eeyi nceciyumya kuzyiba kuti baleendelana nkaambo baamba cintu comwe munzila zyiindene, aboobo baleendelana kakwiina kukazyana kuli koonse.
Kasimpe kunyina pe nokalileba. Kuti kakuli kwiimpana, kutondezya buyo aawo aayelede kulomya kuvwuntauzyigwa. Muzyibaka oomo Yahuwah mubusongo bwakwe mwaatakagwisya cintu cikonzya kuletela kudonaika, alimwi kalekede muntu uli woonse kuti alisyomene nokuba kulidonaikila lwakwe mwini, basyomi beelede kulisalila kuti babelesye lusyomo lwabo, nkaambo “kuti kakwiina lusyomo, ncintu citakonzyeki kumukkomanisya Walo, nkaambo ooyo uuboola kuli [Elohimu] weelede kusyoma kuti Ngonguwe alimwi nkwali ncobeni, alimwi nguulumbula boonse aabo bayandaula Nguwe camoyo woonse.” (BaHebulayo11:6, NKJV)
Nokuba kuti muntu uutakwe lusyomo wafwamba kupa manjezyeezya akusampaula Mangwalo, sicikolo wa Bbaibbele uusyoma weelede kuliyiisya kusanyangulisya mabala (awaawo aatakwe bupanduluzi) mu Mangwalo. Kanjikanji (kutandila lyoonse) eezyo zyintu zyitukopa nkutamvwisisya cilembedwe kwesu kwini, kuleka majwi aa Mangwalo aalembedwe pe.17
Muciindi cino luzyibo mbolwaindila kuzuzya nyika yoonse, atusimpe tunjaanji twa Kujulu mbotuyaa kubambululwa akujokolosyegwa, boonse bantu balitambidwe akukulaizyigwa kuti baliibe kulisanyangwida kufumbwa cintu eeco ncobasyoma mulusyomo lwabo. Kuti cintu cisyomwa kacilaa kampenda, Muuya Uusalala ulisyomezyedwe, ulakombelezya akusolweda bantu boonse bavwuntauzya kasimpe kuti bajane luzyibo lwakasimpe aako. “Nkabela eelyo [Muuya Uusalala wa Kasimpe] waakusika, walo uyoosinsa nyika yoonse kuzinyoonyo zyayo, alimwi amubululami amumbeta." (Johani 16:8, NKJV)
1 Zyoonse zyilembedwe kuzwa mu Mangwalo zyizwa mu Kinga James Version pele buyo kuti zyaambwa bumbi.
2 #4413, The New Strong's Expanded Dictionary of Bible Words.
3 Maako 14:1; Luuka 22:1.
4 Milimo 12:3; 20:6.
5 Mateyo. 26:17.
6 Ant[iquities], XVII.IX.3; B.II.I.3, etc.
7 B.V.III.1. Thackeray: "Eelyo buzuba bwacinkwa citakwe mimena nibwakasika muli bwakkumi abwane," azimwi.
8 Grace E. Amadon, "The Johannine-Synoptic Argument," (original manuscript of the published article), Andrews University, James White Library,Collection 154, Box 2, Folder 1, p. 1, emphasis supplied.
9 Grace E. Amadon, "Important Passover Texts in Josephus and Philo,"(original manuscript of the published article), Andrews University, James White Library, Collection 154, Box 2, Folder 1, p. 1, underlined original; italics supplied.
10 Kusandululwa cigaminina aba G. E. Amadon, ibid.,p. 2.
11 Barry D. Smith, “The Chronology of the Last Supper,” Westminster Theological Journal 53:1 (1991), pp. 35 & 36.
12 Amadon, "The Johannine-Synoptic Argument," op cit., p. 3.
13 Amadon, "Important Passover Texts in Josephus and Philo,"op cit., p. 9.
14 Oun “does not always furnish a strictly causal connection, but may be used more loosely as a temporal connective in the continuation or resumption of a narrative” (A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. F. Blass, A. Debrunner and Robert Funk. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961, 234-5).
15 Kutegwa ulomye kulijanina makani manjaanji aajatikizya Judasi Sikaliyoti kuti mwaana Simoni, langa muli John 13:2-3 and 13:26.
16 Amadon, "The Johannine-Synoptic Argument," op cit., p. 9.
17 Kyle Pope, “Dating Passover and the Last Supper,” Ancient Road Publications.


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Ifikolwe fyaku Yesu Klistu
(Luk. 3.23-38)
1Umu emwakonkanina ifikolwe fyaku Yesu#1.1 Yesu: Chigiliki, ekweba ati, Umupulushi. Echimo chenka nandilya ilyamu Chihebele basosa ati, Yoshua. Klistu,#1.1 Klistu: Chigiliki, ekweba ati, Uwasubwa. Echimo chenka nandilya ilyamu Chihebele basosa ati, Mesiya. umwana wakwa Davide, umwana wakwa Abulahamu.
2Abulahamu afyele Isake, Isake, afyele Yakobe, Yakobe afyele Yuda nabawakwe. 3Yuda afyele Pelesi na Sela muli Tama, Pelesi afyele Hesiloni, Hesiloni afyele Lamu. 4Lamu afyele Aminadabu, Aminadabu afyele Nashoni, Nashoni afyele Salimoni. 5Salimoni afyele Bowasi muli Lahabu, Bowasi afyele Obedi muli Lute, Obedi afyele Yese. 6Yese afyele imfumu Davide.
Davide afyele Solomoni mumwanakashi uwali muka Uliya. 7Solomoni afyele Lehobowamu, Lehobowamu afyele Abiya, Abiya afyele Asa. 8Asa afyele Yehoshafati, Yehoshafati afyele Yeholamu, Yeholamu afyele Usiya. 9Usiya afyele Yotamu, Yotamu afyele Ahasi, Ahasi afyele Hesekiya. 10Hesekiya afyele Manase, Manase afyele Amoni, Amoni afyele Yosiya. 11Yosiya afyele Yehoiyakini nabawabo ulo Abaisilaeli bapintilwe ubusha ku Babiloni.
12Panuma yakupintwa mubusha ku Babiloni, Yehoiyakini afyele Shealitiyeli, Shealitiyeli afyele Selubabeli. 13Selubabeli afyele Abiyudi. Abiyudi afyele Eliyakimu, Eliyakimu afyele Aso. 14Aso afyele Sadoki, Sadoki afyele Akimu, Akimu afyele Eliyudi. 15Eliyudi afyele Eliyesa, Eliyesa afyele Matani, Matani afyele Yakobe. 16Yakobe afyele Yosefe uwaupile Maliya, Maliya naye afyele Yesu, uwitwa Klistu.
17Kanshi inkulo umo shakonkanina niumu, ukufumu kuli Abulahamu nokufika kuli Davide ninkulo ikumi limo nashine. Elo ukufumu kuli Davide ukufika nokupintwa mubusha ku Babiloni ninkulo ikumi limo nashine. Ukufuma kubusha bwaku Babiloni ukufika nakukufyalwa kwaku Klistu Uwasubwa ngulya, napo ninkulo ikumi limo nashine.
Ukufyalwa Kwaku Yesu Klistu
(Luk. 2.1-7)
18Ukufyalwa kwaku Yesu Klistu kwali mfi: Maliya banyina balayilwe kuli Yosefe uwafumine kumukowa wakwa Davide. Nomba ulo tabalakumana pamo, Maliya alisangilwe ali nefumo ukupitila mu Mupashi Wabuta. 19Pakuti Yosefe umulume wakwe ali umuntu uwakaele, tafwayilepo ukumusebanya. Echo afwayile ukumubenga mubumfisolo. 20Ulo achili akolanguluka mfi, boneni umungelo waku Bashikulu alimubwenekele muchoshi nokusosa ati, “Yosefe, we mwana wakwa Davide, witina ukubula Maliya ukuti abe umukashi obe pakuti ifumo akwete lyakupitila mu Mupashi Wabuta. 21Akufyala umwana umwalalume. Elo webo wakwisa kumwinika Yesu, pakuti eukapulusha abantu bakwe kumabifyo abo.”
22Mfi fyonse fyachitikile ukuti chifikilishiwe ichasoselwe na Bashikulu ukupitila mumusoseshi ati, 23“Boneni umwanansungu uutayishibapo umwalalume akoyisa kwimita, elo akufyala umwana umwalalume uwo bakwisa kwinika Imanueli,” (ilikoalula ati, “Lesa ali nafwe.”)#Esa. 7.14
24Ulo Yosefe abukile mutulo, achitile mwenkomo umungelo wa Bashikulu amwebele. Elo apintile Maliya umukashi wakwe kunanda. 25Nomba tabakumenepo nakwe ukufikila ulo afyele umwana umwalalume. Elo Yosefe amwinikile Yesu.

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MĀNGA YA 90
Na Mwana-Mukaji ku Mushimwa
YESU washikata kwitūkija dya ku mushimwa wa mu Samadia. Bandi bana ba bwanga abaenda kukapota bidibwa mu kibundi. Mwana-mukaji wisamba na Yesu uno, i mwiye kuteka mema. Yesu wamunena’mba: ‘Mpeko mema ntome.’
Kino kibatulumuja uno mwana-mukaji bininge. Uyukile i mwanda waka? Mwanda Yesu i Muyuda, ino aye i Mwine Samadia. Bayuda bavule kebasenswepo Bene Samadia. Kebesambengapo ne nabo bene! Ino Yesu usenswe bantu bonso. Penepo wanena’mba: ‘Shi wadi uyukile ukulomba mema a kutoma, longa ubamulombe wakupe mema a būmi.’
Mwana-mukaji wanena’mba: ‘A Mukelenge, mushimwa i mulampe, kadi kudipo na kalobelo. Le kokamona mema a būmi i kwepi?’
Yesu wanena’mba: ‘Shi utome mema a mu uno mushimwa ukekala na kyumwa monka. Ino mema onkakupa akokeja kwikadija’ko muntu nyeke.’
Mwana-mukaji wanena’mba: ‘A Mukelenge, mpe ao mema’o! Nankyo nkikevwanapo kyumwa monka. Kadi nkikāyapo kuteka mema kuno dikwabo.’
Mwana-mukaji walanga’mba mema anena Yesu i a bine. Ino Yesu unenenanga pa bubinebine butala padi Leza ne bulopwe bwandi. Buno bubinebine budi’nka bwa mema a būmi. Bukokeja kupa muntu būmi bwa nyeke.
Kupwa Yesu wanena mwana-mukaji’mba: ‘Enda ukete obe mulume mwiyei.’
Nandi walondolola’mba: ‘Nkidipo na mulume.’
Yesu wanena’mba: ‘Ubalondolola biyampe. Inoko wadi na balume batano, kadi mwana-mulume odi nandi pano ke obe mulumepo.’
Mwana-mukaji watulumuka, mwanda byonso’bi i bya bine. Lelo Yesu wayuka bino bintu namani? Eyo, mwanda Yesu i muntu wa kutumwa na Leza Wālailwe’wa, kadi Leza umusapwilanga ino myanda. Pano bana ba bwanga ba Yesu abajoka, nabo abatulumuka mwanda wesambe na mwana-mukaji Mwine Samadia.
I kika kyotwefunda mu bino byonso? Kino kilombola’mba Yesu i muyampe ku bantu ba misaka yonso. Twikalei netu’nka bwa aye. Ketwakilangai’mba bantu bamo i babi mwandapo i ba ku musaka kampanda. Yesu usakanga bantu bonso bayuke bubinebine butwala ku būmi bwa nyeke. Netu tukwashei bakwabo befunde bubinebine.


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SHAPITA 28
“Abe Bunka Bobe Ye Mwipāne”
1, 2. Mwanda waka tubwanya kunena’mba Mulopwe Davida wādi ujingulwile mwikadile kubulwa dikōkeji?
MULOPWE DAVIDA wādi ujingulwile mwikadile kubulwa dikōkeji nansha kwipāna. Kyaba kimo balwana bādi batamba bulopwe bwandi bujinajina mu bunwanwa, enka ne nkuku ya bantu ba mu muzo wandi. Kadi Davida waālamukilwe enka ne na bantu baādi ukulupile bu balunda nandi ba pa mutyima. Tala Mikale, mukaji umbajinji wa Davida. Dibajinji, Mikale “wasanswa Davida,” na kumukwatakanya mu mingilo ya bulopwe. Ino mwenda mafuku, “wamufutulula umutyima wandi,” wāfula’nka ne ku kumona Davida “bwa umo mukobakane.”—1 Samwele 18:20; 2 Samwele 6:16, 20.
2 Kadi kwādi ne Ahitofele, mudingidi wa Davida. Madingi andi ādi malēmekwe’nka na atamba kudi Yehova. (2 Samwele 16:23) Ino kitatyi pa kupita’po, uno muntu mukulupilwe waālamuka ke nzazangi ne kwilunga ku nkuku ya butomboki bwa kutombokela Davida. Le kalenga-byanzwe wa buno butomboki i ani? Mwene i Abisalome, mwanā Davida! Uno ndalandala “waalamuna mityima ya bantu ba Isalela,” ne kwitūla bu mulopwe walwana. Lwana lwa Abisalome lwākolele lwālengeja Mulopwe Davida anyeme kutyina wakafwa.—2 Samwele 15:1-6, 12-17.
3. Le Davida wādi na kikulupiji’ka?
3 Le kudi ne muntu wāshele na dikōkeji kudi Davida? Mu makambakano onso, Davida wādi uyukile amba udi’ko. Le i ani? Ke ungipo, i Yehova Leza. Davida wānene Yehova amba “kudi wa lusa [dikōkeji] nabya ukelombola nobe kōdi wa lusa.” (2 Samwele 22:26) Le dikōkeji i bika, ne Yehova i mulete kimfwa kiyampe mu ino ngikadilo namani?
Le Dikōkeji I Bika?
4, 5. (a) Le “dikōkeji” i bika? (b) Le i dishile namani na bubinebine?
4 “Dikokeji” mungya modingidijibwe mu Bisonekwa bya Kihebelu i kanye kalamata na buswe ku kintu ne kwikilekelela mpika kufika’nka ne bifikidila kitungo kyako ku kintu’kya. Dishintulula bivule kupita bubinebine. Kadi, muntu ubwanya kwikala wa binebine mu byobamulombele. Ino dikōkeji adyo ditamba ku buswe. * Ne kadi, kishima “bubinebine” kikokeja kwingidijibwa ne ku bintu. Kimfwa, mulembi wa mitōto wāityile kweji bu “kamoni ka binebine ka mūlu,” mwanda umwekanga nyeke bufuku. (Mitōto 89:37) Ino ketukanenapo amba kweji udi na dikōkeji. Mwanda waka? Mwanda dikōkeji dilombolwanga na buswe—kintu kekibwanyapo kulongwa na bintu.
Kweji witwanga bu kamoni ka binebine, ino i enka bipangwa bya ñeni byo bibwanya kumwekeja bine dikōkeji dya Yehova
5 Mungya Bisonekwa, dikōkeji i ngikadilo ya kyanga. Muswelo oimweka ulombola’mba padi kipwano pa muntu wiilombola ne yewa obalombwela’yo. Dikōkeji ke dya dimodimopo. Kedidipo bwa mabimbi a pa dijiba ashinta mungya luvula. Inoko, kanye ka buswe, nansha dikōkejikedijinangapo kadi i dikomo dinekenya ne bijika bikatampe mpata.
6. (a) Le dikōkeji i disakane namani mu bantu, ne Bible unena’po namani? (b) Le i muswelo’ka muyampe wa kwifunda mwikadile dikōkeji ne mwanda waka?
6 Eyo, dino dikōkeji i disakane dyalelo. Mwanda divule balunda bekadile’ko “kwityumuna abo bene bipindibipindi.” Twimvwananga kyaba kyonso besongele benyema. (Nkindi 18:24; Malaki 2:14-16, NW) Buzazangi i buvule enka ne batwe bene twafula ku kunena bwa mupolofeto Mika amba: “Wampikwa mucima wa buzazangi wazimina pa ntanda.” (Mika 7:2, BB) Nansha bantu byobakomenwanga divule kulombola kanye ka lusa, ino dikōkeji i ngikadilo ya kutendelwa idi na Yehova. Muswelo muyampe wa kwifunda mwikadile dikōkeji, i kubandaula muswelo umwekeja Yehova kino kipindi kikatampe kya buswe bwandi.
Dikōkeji dya Yehova Kedipeteka
7, 8. Mwanda waka tunena amba Yehova ye mwipāne nansha wa dikōkeji bunka?
7 Bible unena padi Yehova amba: “Abewa bunka bobe ye mwipāne.” (Kusokwelwa 15:4) Le bikokejika namani? Le bantu ne bamwikeulu, i kutupu ke mulombole dikōkeji nansha kwipāna kutendelwa? (Yoba 1:1; Kusokwelwa 4:8) Le Yesu Kidishitu nandi? Le ke wa dikōkejipo, “ujila” wa Leza? (Mitōto 16:10) Penepo mwanda waka banene amba Yehova bunka bwandi ye mwipāne?
8 Vuluka’mba dikōkeji i kipindi kya buswe. Byadi “Leza i buswe”—bo bumuntu bwandi bwinebwine bwa buswe—i ani ubwanya kulombola potō dikōkeji kupita Yehova? (1 Yoano 4:8) Na bubine, bamwikeulu ne bantu babwanya kumwekeja ngikadilo ya Leza, ino enka Yehova kete ye wa dikōkeji mu muswelo keudingakanibwapo. Byadi “Kafulamoba,” i mulombole kanye ka buswe mu kitatyi kilampe kupita kipangwa kyo-kyonso kya mūlu ne kya pano panshi. (Danyele 7:9) Nanshi, Yehova ye nsulo mine ya dikōkeji. Umwekejanga ino ngikadilo mu muswelo keubwanyapo kumwekeja’yo kipangwa kampanda. Tala bimfwa bimo.
9. Le Yehova i “wabuntu mu mīngilo yandi yonso” namani?
9 Yehova i “wabuntu mu mīngilo yandi yonso.” (Mitōto 145:17) Mu muswelo’ka? Mitōto 136 ulondolola’po. I mutelwe bilongwa bivule bya Yehova bya kupandija, kubadila’mo ne bya mwaānyongolwedile bene Isalela mu kingelengele pa Dijiba Dityila. Kadi vese ne vese wa uno Mutōto ukomeneja na kunena’mba: “Ke-luntu lusa [nansha, dikōkeji] lwandi i lwa nyeke.” Uno mutōto udi ne mu Bipangujo bya Kulangulukila’po bidi pa paje 289. Potanga ano mavese, kukabulwepo kutengwa na buvule bwa miswelo ilombwela’mo Yehova kanye ka buswe ku bantu bandi. Bine Yehova ulombolanga dikōkeji ku bantu bandi ba kikōkeji na kuteja kwabija kwabo ne kulonga’po kintu pa kitatyi kitungwe. (Mitōto 34:6) Buswe bwa kanye bwa Yehova ku bengidi bandi kebujiminangapo kitatyi kyonso kyobamukōkele.
10. Le Yehova ulombolanga namani dikōkeji ku misoñanya yandi?
10 Kadi, Yehova ulombolanga dikōkeji ku bengidi bandi na kwikala wa bine ku misoñanya yandi. Kadipo pamo bwa bantu bajinajina, baludikwa na kitumbuzaji ne mīdimuko, Yehova kashintangapo mu muswelo wamona byoloke ne bibi. Mu bula bwa tununu twa myaka, umwene majende, kutōta bankishi, ne kwipayañana enka mwaādi wibimwenine pa kala. Wānene kupityila kudi mupolofeto wandi Isaya amba, “Ne ku bununu bobe ami ne aye enka.” (Isaya 46:4) Nanshi, tubwanya kukulupila amba tukamwena mu kulonda bwendeji bwimvwanike bwa mu mwikadilo budi mu Kinenwa kya Leza.—Isaya 48:17-19.
11. Leta bimfwa bilombola’mba Yehova i wa binebine ku milao yandi.
11 Kadi Yehova ulombolanga dikōkeji na kulamata ku milao yandi. Shi walaya kintu, poso’nka kifikidile. Yehova Isaya 55:11) Yehova wilombolanga bu wa dikōkeji ku bantu bandi na kufikidija binenwa byandi. Kebalekangapo basele mutyima kūlu na kwilaija kintu kya kasakilepo kufikidija. Ntumbo ya Yehova mu uno mwanda i miyukane yāfikije Yoshua mwingidi wandi ku kunena’mba: “Ino kekwashelepo nansha katyetye kene na kintu kiyampe kyesambile Yehova ku njibo ya Isalela; byonsololo’tu byafikidile ponka.” (Yoshua 21:45) Nanshi tubwanya kukulupila amba Yehova kaketubepelapo nansha dimo, amba mwanda wakomenwa kufikidija milao yandi.—Isaya 49:23; Loma 5:5.wānene amba: “Kinenwa kyami kyalupuka mu kyakanwa kyami; kekiketolelapo bitupu ko ndi; ehe, nanshi kikalonga kyoki kyo nswele, kabidi kikafikijija biyampe’tu kintu kyo nekitumine.” (
12, 13. Le kanye ka buswe ka Yehova i ka “nyeke” mu buluji’ka?
12 Enka motwekimwenanga kūlu, Bible utelanga kanye ka buswe ka Yehova amba i ka “nyeke.” (Mitōto 136:1) Muswelo’ka? Kimo bidi, Yehova ulekelanga bubi lonso. Enka motwesambile’kyo mu Shapita 26, Yehova kapengapo muntu mfuto mwanda wa bilubo byandi byaāmulekele kala. Bonso byobapile “mambo kadi kebafikilangapo pa ntumbo ya Leza,” nanshi tufwaninwe kufwija’ko Yehova pa kanye kandi ka buswe kekele’ko nyeke.—Loma 3:23.
13 Inoko kanye ka buswe ka Yehova i ka nyeke mu buluji bukwabo. Kinenwa kyandi kinena’mba moloke “ukēkalanga bwa mutyi mukunwe pa tunonga twa mema, wakupa bipa byao pa mwaka wao, ne dyani dyao kufumba mpika; ne byonso byālonga bikalumbuluka.” (Mitōto 1:3) Langa’po mutyi uvwambila kufumba mpika! Netu shi tusangele binebine Kinenwa kya Leza, būmi bwetu bukekala bulampe, bwa ndoe kadi botuloelelwa. Madyese apāna Yehova ku bengidi bandi ba dikōkeji i a nyeke. Ne kutatana mpika, bantu ba kikōkeji bakemwena kanye ka buswe ka Yehova nyeke ne nyeke mu ntanda mipya myoloke.—Kusokwelwa 21:3, 4.
Yehova Kakalekapo “Bapandulwemo Bandi”
14. Le Yehova ulombola namani amba usangelanga dikōkeji dya bengidi bandi?
14 Yehova i mulombole dikōkeji dyandi misunsa mivule. Yehova byalombola’dyo nyeke, nanshi dikōkeji dyandi ku bengidi bandi ba kikōkeji kedikashinikapo nansha dimo. Mulembi wa mitōto wālembele amba: “Nadi mwanuke, pano nakule; nanshi nkyamwenepo moloke kulekelelwa, nansha lukunwa lwandi kulomba bidibwa. Mwanda Yehova uswele kutyiba-mambo ne kulekelela bapandulwemo bandi mpika.” (Mitōto 37:25, 28) Bine, Yehova byadi Umpangi, nanshi ye otufwaninwe kutōta. (Kusokwelwa 4:11) Kadi Yehova byadi wa dikōkeji, ukwete na mutyika bilongwa byetu bya kikōkeji.—Malaki 3:16, 17.
15. Shintulula mwāmwekele dikōkeji dya Yehova mu muswelo waādi wikele na Isalela.
15 Mu kanye kandi ka buswe, Yehova ukwashanga kyaba kyonso bantu bandi shi abatanwa na bikoleja. Mulembi wa mitōto witusapwila amba: “Ulelele myuya ya bapandulwemo bandi; wibanyongololanga ku kuboko kwa babi.” (Mitōto 97:10) Tala muswelo waādi wikele na muzo wa Isalela. Pa kupwa kwibanyongolola mu kingelengele pa Dijiba Dityila, bene Isalela bātumbije Yehova mu lwimbo amba: “Mu lusa lobe ubakunkuja bantu bano, ubebapandija.” (Divilu 15:13) Kunyongololwa pa Dijiba Dityila kyādi bine kilongwa kya dikōkeji dya buswe dya Yehova. Mosesa ko kunena bene Isalela amba: “Yehova kabikilepo lusa lwandi ko mudi, nansha kwimutonga kwine, mwanda wa kunena’mba mwatabukile bungi bantu bakwabo, shi ba ani, shi ba ani; mwanda mwatabukile butyetye bwa bantu bonsololo; ino nanshi i pa mwanda’o Yehova wimusanshilwe banwe, kadi mwanda wa kukalama mutyipo’wa wātyipile kudi bashenu, Yehova wemulupwije ne kuboko kukomokomo, ne kukukūla mu njibo ya bupika ku kuboko kwa Felo, mulopwe wa Edipito.”—Kupituluka 7:7, 8.
16, 17. (a) Le bene Isalela bālombwele namani kubulwa kufwija’ko, ino Yehova wēbalombwedile lusa namani? (b) Mwanda waka ku bene Isalela bavule “kekwadipo kūndapwa,” ne mwanda waka i kidyumu kotudi?
Mitōto 78:17) Mu bula bwa myaka tutwa, bādi’nka bamutombokela, kwalamukila ku bileza bya bubela ne ku bilongwa bya Bajentaila bine byādi bibasubija. Ino Yehova kātyumwinepo kipwano kyandi. Yehova wāzenzele bantu bandi kupityila kudi mupolofeto Yelemia amba: “Joka abe Isalela mushetemuke; . . . nkikatalepo mu bulobo po mudi, kabidi nkikalamapo bulobo bwami nyeke, ehe.” (Yelemia 3:12) Monka motwekimwenine mu Shapita 25, bene Isalela bavule kebāshintyilepo. Inoko, “beibenga kibengo mikendi ya Leza, bafutulula myanda yandi ne kutuka bapolofeto bandi.” Byāfula kwepi? “Bukalabale bwa Yehova bwatalukila bandi bantu, ino kekwadipo kūndapwa, mhm.”—2 Bilongwa 36:15, 16.16 Ino muzo wa Isalela wākomenwe kufwija’ko pa kanye ka buswe ka Yehova, mwanda abo’tu pa kupwa kunyongololwa bādi ke “benda baningija ne pano pene kumupya mambo [Yehova], ne kumukosokela Mwinemukatakatamwine.” (
17 Le i ñeni’ka yotuboila ku ino myanda? I ya amba dikōkeji dya Yehova ke dya bupūte-mesopo nansha kedikalajibwa. Bine, Yehova i “muyule lusa,” kadi usangelanga kulombola lusa shi padi bubinga. Ino bikekala namani shi nonga-bibi ekale kūmija nshingo? Shi bidi nankyo, Aye Yehova usa kulamata ku misoñanya yandi myoloke ne kumutyibila mambo. Monka mwēkinenene Mosesa amba, “[Yehova] kakatombolapo bapone.”—Divilu 34:6, 7.
18, 19. (a) Mfuto ipānanga Leza kudi nonga-bibi i kilongwa kya dikōkeji namani? (b) Le Yehova ukalombola namani dikōkeji dyandi ku bengidi bandi bapangilwepangilwe kufika ne ku lufu?
18 Mfuto ipānanga Leza kudi nonga-bibi i kilongwa kya dikōkeji. Namani? Mwanda umo utanwa mu misoñanya ya Yehova ku bamwikeulu basamba-babidi batelelwe mu Kusokwelwa Kusokwelwa 16:1-6.amba: “Endai, kapungululei ngeso isamba-ibidi ya bulobo bwa Leza pa ntanda.” Pāpungulwile mwikeulu wa busatu lweso lwandi, “minonga ne masulo a mema,” nao alamuka ke mashi. Kupwa mwikeulu wasapwila Yehova amba: “Abe, Mwine udi’ko ne wādi’ko, Mwipāne [wa dikōkeji] ku bantu bobe, wi moloke, ke-pantu ubatyibe buno butyibi, mwanda abo bamwangile mashi a bajila ne a bapolofeto, abe nobe ubebape mashi a kutoma; kino kyo kibafwaninwe.”—
Yehova ukavuluka na dikōkeji ne kusangula boba bālombwele dikōkeji dyabo kufika ne ku lufu
19 Ubamone amba pa kufika pa bukata bwa uno musapu wa butyibi, mwikeulu watela Yehova bu “Mwipāne.” Mwanda waka? Mwanda ponakanya Yehova babi, ulombolanga dikōkeji ku bengidi bandi, ne bavule mobadi bāikele kupangwapangwa kufika ne ku lufu. Yehova ulamanga bano bantu mu luté lwandi ponka pa dikōkeji dyandi. Uloelelwe kumona monka bano bantu ba kikōkeji, kadi Bible ulombola’mba kyasaka i kwibapala mpalo na kwibasangula. (Yoba 14:14, 15) Yehova kelwangapo bengidi bandi ba kikōkeji amba mwanda’po’tu ke bafwe. Ino, “kwadi bonso i bōmi.” (Luka 20:37, 38) Mpango ya Yehova ya kujokeja ku būmi boba bonso badi mu luté lwandi i bukamoni bukatampe bwa dikōkeji dyandi.
Buswe bwa Dikōkeji bwa Yehova Bubaleta Lupandilo
20. Le “bintu bya lusa” i bāni, ne Yehova ulombolanga namani dikōkeji kobadi?
20 Mu mānga yonso, Yehova i mulombole dikōkeji ku bantu ba kikōkeji. Eyo, ke myaka tununu na tununu Yehova yatūkijija “mutyima pakatampe bintu bya bukalabale bifwaninwe konakanibwa.” Mwanda waka? “Mwanda wa kuyukanya bupeta bwa ntumbo yandi pa bintu bya lusa, byawateakenye kala mwanda wa ntumbo.” (Loma 9:22, 23) Bino “bintu bya lusa” i boba ba mityima myoloke bashingilwe māni a mushipiditu ujila mwanda wa kwikala bampyana pamo na Kidishitu mu Bulopwe bwandi. (Mateo 19:28) Pa kushitwila bintu bya lusa kibelo kya kupandila’mo, Yehova i mulame dikōkeji dyandi kudi Abalahama, mwine waāsambile nandi kipwano na kulaya amba: “Kadi mu lukunwa lobe e mo ikeselwanga dyese mizo yonso ya panopanshi, mwanda ubankōkela diwi dyami.”—Ngalwilo 22:18.
21. (a) Le Yehova ulombolanga namani dikōkeji ku “kibumbo kikatampe” kikulupile kutamba mu “kyamalwa kikatampe”? (b) Dikōkeji dya Yehova dikutonona ulonge bika?
21 Kadi Yehova ulombolanga dikōkeji ne ku “kibumbo kikatampe” kikulupile kutamba mu “kyamalwa kikatampe” ne kwikala na būmi bwa nyeke mu paladisa pano pa ntanda. (Kusokwelwa 7:9, 10, 14) Nansha bano bengidi bandi byobadi ba kubulwa kubwaninina, Yehova mu dikōkeji dyandi i mwibape mukenga wa kwikala na būmi bwa nyeke mu paladisa pano pa ntanda. Le wibapanga’o namani? I kupityila ku kinkūlwa—kilomboji kikatampe kya dikōkeji dya Yehova. (Yoano 3:16; Loma 5:8) Dikōkeji dya Yehova dikokanga boba basakasaka boloke mu mityima yabo. (Yelemia 31:3) Lelo mutyima obe keukutonwenepo kufwena Yehova pa dikōkeji dyandi dyalombwele ne dyakalombola kumeso? Byotusaka kufwena kudi Leza, twitabijei buswe bwandi na kuningija mutyima wetu wa kumwingidila na dikōkeji.
^ mus. 4 Kintu kisangaja, kishima kyalamwinwe bu “lusa” mu 2 Samwele 22:26 i kyalamunwe kukwabo bu “kanye ka buswe” nansha “buswe bwa dikōkeji.”
[Kifwatulo pa paje 281]
Kweji witwanga bu kamoni ka binebine, ino i enka bipangwa bya ñeni byo bibwanya kumwekeja bine dikōkeji dya Yehova
[Bifwatulo pa paje 287]
Yehova ukavuluka na dikōkeji ne kusangula boba bālombwele dikōkeji dyabo kufika ne ku lufu
Bernard Luimes (kungala) ne Wolfgang Kusserow (pa bukata) baipailwe na Nazi
Moses Nyamussua watapilwe na mikobe na kibumbo kya bantu ba politike
[Bifwatulo pa paje 288]
Pa mwanda wa dikōkeji dya Yehova, bengidi bandi bonso ba kikōkeji bakulupile kukekala na būmi kumeso


text:
MĀNGA YA 29
Kyanyemena Mosesa
TALA Mosesa unyema mu Edipito. Lelo ubamone bana-balume bamulonda’ba? Uyukile mwanda obakimba kwipaila Mosesa? Leka tumone shi tukokeja kuyuka.
Mosesa wātamīne mu njibo ya Felo, mulopwe wa Edipito. Wāikala ke muntu mukatampe ne wa tunangu. Mosesa wāyukile’mba aye kādipo Mwine Edipito, ino bambutwile bandi ba bine i bapika Bene Isalela.
Difuku dimo, Mosesa paādi kadi na myaka 40, wāendele kukatala mwikadile banababo. Bādi basusulwa bya mwiko. Wāmona Mwine Edipito ukupila umpika Mwine Isalela. Mosesa wātala koku ne koku, kutupu muntu, penepa wākupila Mwine Edipito, ne kufwa wafwa. Kupwa Mosesa wāmufya mu musenga.
Difuku dikwabo Mosesa wātamba kutala monka banababo. Wādi ulanga amba ukokeja kwibakwasha baleke kwikala bapika monka. Ino wāmona Bene Isalela babidi bana-balume bekupila, penepa Mosesa wānena wādi mulube amba: ‘I kika kyokupidila mwanenu?’
Mwana-mulume wānena’mba: ‘I ani wakutūla bu mfumu ne bu mutyibi wetu? Lelo kosake ungipaye mowaipaile Mwine Edipito?’
Mosesa wākwatwa moyo. Wāyuka’mba bantu abajingulula byonalongele Mwine Edipito. Felo nandi wāivwana’o, wātuma bantu bakepaye Mosesa. Kino ye akyo kyānyemene Mosesa mu Edipito.
Mosesa pa kutaluka mu Edipito, wāendele kulampe ku ntanda ya Midyana. Wēkutana kisaka kya Yefelo, wāsonga wandi mwana mwana-mukaji witwa bu Zipola. Mosesa wāikala ke mukumbi wa mikōko ya Yefelo. Wāshikata ku Midyana myaka 40. Pano wādi kadi na myaka 80. Difuku dimo, Mosesa wādi ukumba mikōko ya Yefelo, penepo kwāmumwekela kintu kimo kyāalamwine būmi bwandi bonso. Pūtula dino dyani, utale kino kintu kya kutulumukwa.


text: 5 Ebiya balopwe bonso ba bene Amole+ badi bukila bwa kushika* kwa Yodano ne balopwe bonso ba bene Kenani+ badi dya ku dijiba pa kwivwana’tu amba Yehova waumije mema a Yodano ku meso a bene Isalela enka ne byobaabukile, mityima yebafwa,*+ kebakidipo na bukankamane* nansha bumo pa mwanda wa bene Isalela.+2 Mu kine kitatyi’kya Yehova wanena Yoshua amba: “Longa mpete ya mabwe makomo utweje monka bana-balume ba Isalela kwisao+ musunsa wa bubidi.”3 Ponkapo Yoshua wapunga mpete ya mabwe makomo watweja bana-balume ba Isalela kwisao ku Ngibea-Halalote.*+4 Kino kyo kyebatwejeje Yoshua kwisao: Bana-balume bonso ba mu bantu batambile mu Edipito, bana-balume bonso ba bulwi,* bafwile mu ntanda mutuputupu mu lwendo pobapwile kutamba mu Edipito.+5 Bantu bonso batambile mu Edipito badi batwejibwe kwisao, ino bantu bonso babutwidilwe mu ntanda mutuputupu mu lwendo pobapwile kutamba mu Edipito kebadipo batwejibwe kwisao.6 Bene Isalela baendele lwendo lwa myaka 40+ mu ntanda mutuputupu kufika ne byafwile muzo onso, ko kunena’mba, bana-balume ba bulwi kebakōkelepo diwi dya Yehova+ batambile mu Edipito. Yehova webatyipīle amba kakebalekapo bamone ntanda+ yatyipīle Yehova bakulutuba babo amba uketupa’yo,+ ntanda ikuka mabele ne būki.+7 Ebiya wapingakenye babo bana pa kyabo kyaba.+ Bano bo batwejibwe kwisao na Yoshua; kebadipo batwejibwe kwisao mwanda kebebatwejejepo kwisao mu lwendo.8 Abo pa kupwa kutweja muzo onso kwisao, bashikete’nka popa pobadi’pa mu nkambi enka ne byobakomene.9 Penepo Yehova wanena Yoshua amba: “Dyalelo nafundwila kulampe mutonko wa Edipito.” O mwanda kino kifuko kitwanga bu Ngilengale*+ ne ku dyalelo dino’di.10 Bene Isalela baendelele kutūla nkambi ku Ngilengale, bavuluka Pashika mu difuku dya 14 dya kweji,+ ku kyolwa, mu malungu a Yediko mudi zolē.11 Ebiya bashilwile kudya bintu bya ntanda’ya mu difuku dyalondele’po kupwa kwa Pashika, mikate yampikwa kiyujo+ ne miseke mikange, mu dino difuku dimo dyonka.12 Penepa māna aketeka mu difuku dyalondele’po pobadile bintu bimobimo bya ntanda’ya; bene Isalela+ kebakidipo monka na māna, ino bashilwile kudya bintu bya ntanda ya Kenani mu mwine mwaka’wa.+13 Yoshua paadi kubwipi na Yediko, watulula meso wamona muntu+ wimene ku meso andi ukwete kipete kisomone mu kuboko kwandi.+ Yoshua waenda kwadi kamwipangula’mba: “Le udi ku mutamba wetu’ni i ku mutamba wa balwana netu?”14 Nandi walondolola’mba: “Mhm, ino ne mwiye bu mfumu* wa kibumbo kya divita kya Yehova.”+ Ponkapo Yoshua wapona mpala pa nshi wevukwila kamwipangula’mba: “Le i bika bisaka mfumwami kusapwila mwingidi wandi?”15 Mfumu wa kibumbo kya divita kya Yehova walondolola Yoshua amba: “Vūla bikwabilo ku maulu obe, mwanda pa kifuko poimene’po i pajila.” Bukidi bonka Yoshua walongela monka.+


text:
Nguni “Munyama” Uutakwe mpuwo mu Ciyubunuzyo?
Mu Ciyubunuzyo 13, swebo tujana banyama bobile: (1) munyama uuzwa mulwizi; (2) amunyama uuzyila kunsaa nyika. Munyama mutaanzi ngotuyanda kubandika mumakani aaya, nkaambo, ncaando cakwe ncotuyanda kuyungizya kuvwuntauzya.
Munyama mutaanzi wa Ciyubunuzyo 13 kakwiina kukazya, ngu Loma, antoomwe a Cikombelo ca Katolika caku Loma. Eelyo notweezyekanya ciimo aziyanza zya Cikombelo ca Katolika eezyo nzyaakabelesya Johane Muyubunuzi ku ciimo ca munyama uuzwa mulwizi, swebo inga twajana kuti zilikonzyene kapati. Kuti twasanganya ku busanduluzi bwakwe Johane bwa “sibwaamu” wamu Ciyubunuzyo 17 amubusanduluzi bwa Daniele bwa simukazya Kristu mu Daniele 7, swebo inga twacaazya buyo katutakwe cintu cakudonaika kuti Cikombelo ca Katolika caku Loma (RCC) cilaa mulimo uucigaminide mu cishinshimi ca Bbaibbele.
Cikombelo ca Katolika caku Loma cileelela ncobeni kufumbwa busanduluzi buli mucishinshimi eeci. Eeci cikombelo ngo “munyama.”
- Eeci cikombelo ca (RCC) Ncikombelo alimwi Munzi mupati.
- Ncikombelo ca (RCC) ciyakidwe atalaa Malundu aali Ciloba.
- Ncikombelo ca (RCC) cilisakatizya milembo yacisombo ayisubila, agolide amabwe mayandisi.
- Ncikombelo ca (RCC) cilaa nguzu atalaa bantu BOONSE bakkala atalaa Nyika.
- Ncikombelo ca (RCC) cakayakilwa atalaa makunga aabantu aamisyobo azilengwa zyaandeene
- Ncikombelo ca (RCC) cakadadaula malelo otatwe eelyo nicakabaa nguzu.
- Ncikombelo ca (RCC) cilwana Basaante.
- Ncikombelo ca (RCC) cilaa mulombwana omwe uuciiminina akwaambawida boonse.
- Poopo lwakwe ulalisumpula kuti abaanga ngu Yahuwah.
- Poopo ulizyibidwe amweelwe wa “666”.
- Ncikombelo ca (RCC) caambaula majwi aakubbodoola akusampaula julu.
- Ncikombelo ca (RCC) cakasoleka kucinca Kkalenda a Mulawo ookwa Yahuwah.
- Ncikombelo ca (RCC) cakalela atalaa boonse kwamyaka iili 1,260.
- Cikombelo ca (RCC) cakanyangwa nguzu zyaco amfulumende yacisi akutolwa “mubuzike.”
- Cikombelo ca (RCC) cakayaswa calufu (pele ciyoopona mukuya kwaciindi).
Ninzi “caando”ca munyama?
Iswe tulizyi kakwiina kudonaika kuti Loma ngo “munyama.” aboobo, kwiinda kuti twiide kugantaganta kwaamba “caando camunyama”, atugaminine kubandika kuti ninzi cini “caando” camunzi wa Loma. Kutegwa tujane bwiinguzi, swebo tatweelede akulangaula kulaale pe. Cikombelo ca RCC, mukulidunda akulipakamisa kwabu Lusifa, cilabbodoola kakwiina kufwa ansoni kuti “caando”canguzu zyaco nkusumpula Nsondo. Eeco, mbocilyaamba calo, kuti mbobumboni bwakuti “cilaatala lya Bbaibbele.”
“Nsondo ncecitondezyo ca nguzu zyesu . . . cikombelo cilaatala lya Bbaibbele, alimwi ooku kusumpya Nsabata mbobumboni bwakasimpe aaka”. (Malembe aa Katolika ku London, Ontario, Ivwivwi, Sept 1, 1923).
Ootu twaambo twamatusi aali boobu tulajanika kanjaanji mucikombelo ca Katolika. "Munyama" ulikkomene mumulimo wakwe wakusumpula Nsondo yamituni, kakuli kumwi ulyatauka jwi lyokwa Yahuwah kunsaa maulu aakwe:
- "Insondo...ncintu cakagaminina kulengwa mu Cikombelo ca Katolika."(American Catholic Quarterly Review, January 1883.)
- "Nsondo...mulawo wa Cikombelo ca Katolika lwaco cilikke..." (American Sentinel (Catholic), June 1893.)
- "Nsondo nciyanza ca Katolika alimwi kufumbwa kubamba buzuba oobo inga kwaba buyo kuyaamina mu milazyo ya Katolika." (Catholic Press, Sydney, Australia, Kasanga Lubwi 1900.)
- "Balo [Basikutongooka] bayeeya kuti mulimo wabo kubamba Nsondo akwiisetekanya. Nkaambo nzi? Nkaambo Cikombelo ca Katolika mbocibaambila oobo. Balo kunyina akaambo kambi ncobacitila boobo . . .Kubamba Nsondo aboobo mulawo wabupaizi wiimpene kuzwa kumulawo wabulemu bwakujulu wakubamba Nsabata . . . Ooyo wakabamba mulawo wa Nsondo . . . Ncikombelo ca Katolika." (Ecclesiastical Review, Mulumi 1914.)
- "Hena muna Kristu uuli woonse tayelede kusalazya buzuba bwa Nsondo akulilesya milimo iitayendelani abuzuba oobo? Hena kubamba mulawo ooyu takusumpukide atalaa milimo njotweelede kucita yoonse na? Pele yebo inga wakonzya kubala Bbaibbele kuzwa Kumatalikilo kusikila ku Ciyubunuzyo, pele tokonzyi kujana keengwe nokaba komwe kazumizya kusetekanya Nsondo." (James Cardinal Gibbons, The Faith of Our Fathers ( cakalembwa mu 1917 ), p. 72-73 (cilembedwe ca 16th, p. 111; cilembedwe ca 88th, p. 89).)
- "Cilikabotu kwiibalusyanya aba Presbyteriani, ba Baptisti, ba Methodisti, abamwi boonse bana Kristu, kuti kunyina pe aawo Bbaibbele mpolibatabilila mukubamba Nsondo. Nsondo nciyanza ca Cikombelo ca Katolika caku Loma, alimwi aabo babamba buzuba oobo babamba mulawo wa Cikombelo ca Katolika." (Priest Brady, mumulumbe wakalembwa mupepa lya The News, Elizabeth, New Jersey, Miyoba 18, 1903.)
- "Nguni ooyo Ngotupa Bulemu Akulemekezya kwiinda Mukusetekanya Nsondo? Kuzwa muli ceeci iswe inga twateelela buyo kuti milawo yokwa Leza – ooyo ulaa nguzu atalaa buna Kristu boonse munyika, nokuba mutubungabunga ooto tulikankaizya mu Mangwalo kuti ngomusemo walusyomo lwato, nkaambo babamba buzuba bwakulyookezya kuleka kubamba buzuba bwaciloba bwa mvwiki oobo bulailidwe mu Bbaibbele, pele kuleka kubamba butaanzi. Oobo tulizyi kuti bweelede kulemekezyegwa, akubwaandaanya kuzwa kuzilengwa aziiyo zya cikombelo ca Katolika." (Henry Gibson, Catechism Made Easy, #2, cakalembwa ca 9th, mulwi. 1, pp. 341-342.)
- "Cakali cikombelo ca Katolika...eeco cakasandula kulyookezya ooku kuti kube mu Nsondo mukwiibaluka kubuka kwa Simalelo wesu. Aboobo kubamba Nsondo kwa Basikutongooka nkupa bulemu, nokuba kuti balatongooka, kunguzu zya cikombelo ca [Katolika caku Loma]" (Monsignor Louis Segur, Plain Talk About the Protestantism of Today, 1868, p. 213.)
- "Basikutongooka...balazumina kuti Nsondo kuleka Mujibelo, mbobuzuba bwakukomba bantu boonse oobo bwakabambwa a Cikombelo ca Katolika eelyo nicaacinca buzuba oobo...Pele muzeezo wa Basikutongooka tuulangiki kuti ulalizeeza kuti ...mukubamba Nsondo, balo bazuminizya nguzu zya mwaambilizi wa cikombelo eeco, Poopo." (Our Sunday Visitor, February 15, 1950.)
- "Cikombelo ca [Katolika caku Loma] cakacinca kubamba Nsabata kuya ku Nsondo kwiinda munguzu zyabulemu, zitakonzyi kulubila eezyo nzicaapegwa kuzwa kuli yooyo wakacibamba cikombelo, Jeesu Kristu. Basikutongooka mukutaminina kuti Bbaibbele lilikke ndelibasolweda mulusyomo lwabo, tabakwe cibatabilila mukubamba Nsondo pe." (The Catholic Universe Bulletin, Kasanga Lubwi 14, 1942, p. 4.)
Cikombelo ca Katolika cilidunda kuti cilaanguzu zyakucinca mazuba aasetekene aabulemu bwakujulu, aboobo ooku nkokuzwidilila kwamakanze ookwa Saatani kuti apegwe nguwe bulemu akukombwa = kwiinda mukupanda buzuba bwiindene bwa kukomba.
Ino walenguka buti webo O Lusifa ontanda yakubucedo! Wasowelwa kunsi yebo ookali koola masi!
Wakali kuti mumoyo wako, “Ono ndatanta mujulu nkabikke cuuno cabwami bwangu nkakkale atala aanyenyezi zya Leza kujulu.
Njookkazikwa acuuno cabwami bwangu, acilundu cakuswaanganina [H4150 - mo'ed], ansonje eeni yacilundu cisalala. Ndatanta atala lyamakumbi, njoolicita kuti nkabe mbuli Sijulu wamajulu (Izaya 14:12-14)
"Imbungano" mukampango kali atala aawa ndibbala lyakasandululwa kuzwa kubbala lyaci Hebulayo, mo'ed, eelyo "libelesyegwa munzila imwi kwiiminina mbungano zyoonse zyabupaizi. Ndibbala lijatene acivwuka cini cakupailila lwaco."1 Makanze ookwa Saatani kuzwa kumatalikilo, akali aakulibikkila ciindi cakukombwa, kwiinda mukubelesya nguzu, zyakunyanga Mulengi bulemu bwakukombwa. Cikombelo ca Katolika caku Loma, mbuli mumambi wakwe atalaa nyika, ncicakabambilila akuzyola zintu zyoonse akusumpula nguwe.
. . . alimwi simwaaba [Saatani2] wakamupa [Loma] nguzu zyakwe, acuuno cakwe, anguzu zyakwe zipati. (Ciyubunuzyo 13:2)
Ncintu cuusisya kubona bunji bwa bana Kristu mazubaano mbobauntuluzyila bumboni bwa Mangwalo, kumwi zintu zyakashinshimwa kaziyaa kulibonya mumeso aabo. Ncintu cityompya moyo kubona bantu baluulwa kuti mbantu bokwa Yahuwah kabakkede muzyuuno akuswiilila ziyanza zyabantu kumwi Ijwi Lyakwe lipona, lilabaita pele balo balikusukumina kumbali muziyobwedo kusikila lyaakubaa kasuko.
Ncintu nzi ciimpene a “caando”camunyama?
Mumangwalo, tujana kuti Loma tajisi buyo “caando, pele lyalo Julu lilaa caando. Zimwi ziindi eeco caando caambwa kuti “nciganto,” ncecaando caandaanya Julu, naa cikazyana a caando ca Munyama.
- Caando ca Loma = Kusumpula Nsondo akulipandila mazuba aakukomba kubelesya kkalenda lyamazubaano lipilingene (akukazya mulawo wabulemu)
- Caando / Citondezyo ca Julu = Nkuteelela mulawo wabulemu muluyando, kusanganya akubamba Nsabata yabuzuba bwaciloba, Myezi Mipya, amapobwe aaciindi comwe amwaka (zyoonse eezyo zilajanwa mu kkalenda lya Julu)
Bikkila maanu kuti: Eelyo notwaamba caando / citondezyo ca Julu aawa, twaamba "kuteelela kwaluyando" kumulawo wabulemu nkaambo swebo tatukonzyi kutambulika kwiinda mumilimo yanguzu zyesu. Swebo toonse, kakwiina kugwisyila naba omwe, tatweeleli kuyandwa nokuba kufidwa lweetelelo kuli Taata pe. “Bululami bwesu buli mbuli magamba aanunka tombe"3 mumeso aa Julu, alimwi bulangizi bwesu bulikke ngu Yahushua abululami Bwakwe. Kubamba milawo ya Taata ngomucelo walufutuko, kuleka kuba muyanda wamucelo ooyo. Boonse aabo bali mucilongwe cakuvwunwa a Taata, aabo bamvwene Anguwe, bayookkomanina kubamba milawo Yakwe akupona maumi aabo kweendelanya amumuni uupedwe.4 Aawa mpampawo caando ca Mwami Yahuwah mpocitambwidwa, nkaambo nkuteelela nguwe muluyando cipa kuti uyubununwe muya Wakwe akati kesu.
Walelekwa ooyo muntu uteendeli mukulaigwa kwabasofweede, nokuba kwiiminina munzila zyababisyi, nokuba kukkala muciimo cakunonga bantunyina. Pele kukkomana kwakwe kuli mumulawo ookwa Yahuwah; alimwi mizeezo yakwe iyeeya buyo mulawo Wakwe masikati amasiku. (Intembauzyo 1:1-2)
Kwiinda myaka iili 2,500 kaindi, mushinshimi Ezekiya wakalemba cishinshimi cikankamika eeco cipandulula kupindauka kwa kkalenda ooko nkotwalibonena mazubaano. Busanduluzi bwakwe bulimasimpe mazubaano, nkaambo zyuulunzuma zya bana Kristu baliimvwi kabadukwide masyule aabo kumulawo wa Mwami Yahuwah kumwi kabasumpula kkalenda libelesya zuba luzutu lyaku Loma.
Mpoonya wakati kuli ndimwe, Hena wacibona eeci, yebo Omwanaa muntu? Kocenguluka alimwi nkaambo ulabona zintu zinjaanji zisesemya akutondwa kwiinda zyeezyi. Mpoonya wakandileta mukkoce lyamukati kaŋanda yokwa Yahuwah; nkabela, amulange, kumulyango watempele lyokwa Yahuwah, akataa cipaililo acibuye, kwakali balombwana bali makumi obile abosanwe, bakadukwide masyule aabo kutempele lyoka Yahuwah, alimwi masyu aabo akalangide kujwe; mpoonya bakali kukomba zuba kabatozyede masyu aabo kulanga kujwe. (Ezekiya 8:15-16)
Eelyo notumvwisisya mazuba aa Kujulu aakulyookezya ncaayandikila (akubalilwa kubelesya kkalenda lya Kujulu), swebo inga twayungizya kugwitila mumyoyo eelyo notubona baabo bacita caali nokuba batakubwene kusofwaazya mazuba aayo, kumwi kabasumpula mazuba aamunyama, mbuli bwa Mujibelo / Nsondo, Kkilisimasi, a Isita.
Ooku kutyompokelwa nkotujisi mumyoyo yesu nkaambo kazintu zyamusyobo ooyu, kulizyibidwe kuli Taata Yahuwah, mbweenya mbuli muzeezo uuli woonse, mbwalimvwide mumoyo muntu, amakanze aali mumoyo wamuntu. Muluyando Lwakwe, Walo ubikka caando Cakwe (citondezyo Cakwe) ali boonse aabo baminidwe akulilauka nkaambo kakubula mulawo ooko kuyaa kulibonya muzintu zitondwa zinjaanji zicitika.
Mpoonya Yahuwah wakati kuli nguwe, Koya akataa munzi, wiinde akataa munzi waJerusalema, alimwi ukabikke caando ankumo zyabalombwana aabo batongela akulilauka zitondwa zyoonse zicitigwa mukati kamunzi ooyu. (Ezekiya 9:4)
Mpoonya Mwami Yahuwah ulailila batumwa Bakwe kuti bajaye kufumbwa uutajisi citondezyo naa caando Cakwe. (Amubikkile maanu kuti caando / citondezyo cokwa Yahuwah ncintu ciimpene ku caando camunyama. Kumamanino aaciindi, boonse bantu banoocipona banoojisi caando akataa zyobile eezyo; kunyina muntu unikwiimvwi akati pe katajisi caando pe.)
Alimwi kuli bamwi wakaamba nkemvwide kuti, Komutobela mumunzi: Liso lyako litabaa lweetelelo, nokuba kufwida luzyalo . . .pele mutasweni munsaa muntu uuli woonse uujisi caando; alimwi amutalikile kuŋanda yacipaililo yangu. Mpoonya bakatalikila kubalombwana bansiku aabo bakali kupona kiitaninga yakwa ŋanda yakupailila. (Ezekiya 9:5-6)
Caando: Ncamasimpe naa Ncakweezyeka buyo?
Bantu banjaanji balakazya kumwi kabaamba kuti “caando camunyama” ceelede kuba caando cilibonya (mbuli ciganto ca kkompyuta, nsimbo, nokuba cidinto cimwi cintu) eeco cikonzya kubonwa ameso nokuba / kujanwa abantu. Muli Ezekiya 9 (atala aawa), nokuba boobo, swebo tulaa mukonzyanyo uutusalazyila kuti eeco “caando” ncintu cikonzya kubonwa buyo a Taata abangele Bakwe. Kuyungizya waawo, ooto tumpango twa Ciyubunuzyo tujuzya “caando camunyama” kuli ndiswe mu Ciyubunuzyo 13, tuzingulukidwe zitondezyo zinjaanji. Ooyo munyama uuzyila mulwizi mumukonzyanyo, tatondezyedwe aanga munyama uunuunuka kazyila mumeenda. Nokuba kuti ooyo mulaka uubelesyegwa mutwaambo ootu, waambilizya zintu mumaambila mbali, pele weelede kupandululwa kubelesya zitondezyo. Aaka kaambo kaya kumbele kutondezyegwa mukwaamba waawo caando camunyama mpoceelede kudintwa amubili wamuntu:
Mpoonya mungele watatu wakabatobela, kaamba ajwi pati kuti, Kuti kube muntu naba omwe uukomba munyama acinkonzya cakwe, akutambula caando cakwe ankumo yakwe nokuba mujanza lyakwe, ooyo lwakwe nguyoonywa waini wabukali bwa Yahuwah, uutilwa munkomeki yabukali Bwakwe kuutavweledwe. . . . (Ciyubunuzyo 14:9-10)
Ankumo ndibbala libelesyedwe mumaambila mbali woonse aa Cizuminano Cakale mukwaamba muzeezo, mizeezo, nokuba zintu nzyasyoma muntu:
Aboobo, imvwula yalesyegwa kuwa, kucinyina mvwula nkukula nsoke. Inywe mulaa nkumo ya sibwaamu; nkaambo mulakaka kulibatamika kuti mweempwe. (Jelemiya 3:3)
Amulange, Ime ndayumya masyu eenu kunembo lyamasyu aabo, alimwi ankumo zyenu zyayumina nkumo zyabo. Mbuli bbwe liyumu nta, liinda kuyuma kwiinda bunweba, Ime mbweebamba nkumo zyenu kuti zibe; mutayoowi nokuba kutunuka nkaambo kambobalangika, nokuba kuti mbantu bazangide. (Ezekiya 3:8-9)
Ijanzancecitondezyo cibelesyegwa mu Cizuminano Cakale coonse kwaambilizya zintu eezyo nzyacita muntu nokuba zilengwa zyakwe.
Kufumbwa cintu ijanza lyako ncilyajana cakucita, kocicita eeco anguzu zyako zyoonse; nkaambo kunyina mulimo nokuba cintu nokuba luzyibo nokuba busongo mucuumbwe ooko nkomuya inywe. (Mukambausi. 9:10)
Amubambe milawo yangu kutegwa mupone, Alimwi milawo yangu ibe kuyandisya kwa meso aanu. Amuyaangilile kuminwe yenu; Amwiilembe atalaa myoyo yenu (Twaambyo 7:3)
Eeci cilengwa cilaba mbuli lubata ajanza lyanu naa ciibalusyo ankumo zyanu, eeco cinoomwiibalusya kwaamba akwiisya milawo ya Mwami Leza, nkaambo ngonguwe wakamugwisya mu Ijipiti ajanza lyakwe lyanguzu. (Kulonga 13:9)
Mutakalubi milawo eeyi njendamupa buno buzuba. Amukaiisye bana banu cabunkutwe. Kamwiibaluluka kufumbwa nkomubede mumaanda, nimuli mulweendo, nimulyookezya nikuba kubeleka. Kamulyaanga kumaboko kuti cibe citondezyo akwiisama kunkumo kuti cibe ciibalusyo. (Ciibalusyo 6:6-8)
Amulondole majwi aangu aaya mumyoyo yanu amumizeezo yanu, kamwaaanga kumaboko aanu kuti cibe ciibalusyo akwaasama mutukomo twakwaangilila ankumo. (Deut. 11:18)
Amubikkile maanu: Teezyo zintu zyakulisakatizya akataa meso zyaambilizya nkumo yamuntu. Kweendelanya bwaamba bbuku lyamutwe wakuti Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament, kwaanda nkumo ajanza "cakali cintu cakazyibidwe mumukonzyanyo wakwaamba milawo yokwa Leza kuti ooto 'tukomo twakulyaangilila' . . . eezyo zyakalailidwe mumilazyo yokwa Mozesi. (Ciibalusyo 6:8; 11:18) [eeyo iimanizya kutondezya mbwiiyelede kubambwa Nsabata amazuba aamapobwe]. Ootu 'tukomo twakulyaangilila' twakeelede kuba 'ziibalusyo' atalaa nkumo . . . kaziibalusya muna Isilayeli kuti atontomane kuyeeya milawo yokwa Simalelo akwiibamba. Alimwi aakale buJuuda bwakatalika kubelesya munzila zitazumizyidwe cakuti Mufutuli wakababwentela (Mateyo 23:5)."5
Kubaa cintu cimwi mbuli caando nokuba / citondezyo ankumo nkusyoma nokuba kuzuminizya zintu zili mumizeezo. Kubaa caando / citondezyo mujanza lyako nkuzumina nokuba kutabilila cintu eeco mumicito nokuba muzilengwa zyako.
Amubikkile maanu kuti Johane wakali sicikolo wa Mangwalo. Walo wakalizyibide malembe ookwa Mozesi abashinshimi. Eezyo zintu nzyaakabona muzishinshimi zyakwe amumulaka ooyo ngwaakali kubelesya kuli mbabo tiizyakali zintu zyeenzu kuli nguwe. Walo wakali kunga kamvwide zyoonse zyakalembedwe mu Mangwalo aa Cizuminano Cakale. Alimwioobo mbombubo walo mbwaakali kuyanda kuti abalo aabo babala nzyaakali kulemba kuti bakonzye kusandulula zintu eezyo.
Ino mvwiki yamazubaano ibeleka mulimo nzi muzintu zyoonse eezi?
Mbuli mbotwaamba kale, iikkalenda lyamazubaano ndyabumpelenge. Ikkalenda lina Gregory ndyotubelesya mazubaano munyika yoonse lyakazyila mulweeno lwakatola myaanda minjaanji yamyaka yakweena akupilinganya twaambo. Talili kkalenda lyakabambwa ku Malengelo alimwi talili kkalenda ndibakali kubelesya bamatata, bashinshimi, abaapositolo.
Musela wakkalenda lyamazubaano mubufwaafwi:
- Munsaa kubamba kkalenda lina Juliyasi, ikkalenda lya Bulelo bwa Loma ndilyakali kubelesyegwa kalilaa mazuba lusele mumvwiki yomwe.
- Mu 45 B.C. - kkalenda lina Juliyasi lyakabambwa. Kkalenda lina Juliyasi lyakaleka kubelesya mwezi mukubalila mazuba63, pele lyakazumanana kubelesya mvwiki yamazuba aali lusele.
- Musela mutaanzi kuzwa ciindi ca Kristu (A.D.) - Kkalenda lina Juliyasi lyakasanduka akutalika kubelesya mvwiki yamazuba aamituni aali ciloba, akutalikila mvwiki Mujibelo akumanina muli Bwasanu.
- 321-325 A.D. (Muswaangano waku Nicaea) - Constantine wakabamba mvwiki yamazuba aamituni, iitalikila mu Nsondo akumanina Mujibelo.
- 1582 - Poopo Gregory XIII wakajuzya kkalenda lina Gregory. Eelyo naakali kupindula kkalenda kuti libe lina Gregory, wakagwisyila mazuba aali kkumi (Kavwumbi kaniini 5-14) kutegwa ayelanye kkalenda eelyo kuziindi zyamwaka. Imvwiki yamazuba aamituni aali ciloba eeyo Constantine njaakatalisya ku Muswaangano waku Nicaea tiiyakazimaana mukucinca ooko pe.
- 1927 – Inyika yakaswaangana mukubelesya kkalenda lina Gregory. (Cisi ca Turkey cakali cakucaalizya kutalika kubelesya kkalenda eelyo.7)
Twaambo twamisela tulasalazya kuti mvwiki yamazuba aali ciloba eeyo (iitalikila mu Nsondo akumanina Mujibelo) akubelesyegwa munyika yoonse mazubaano, yakatalikila buyo kubelesyegwa myaka iili 1,700 yakainda. Aawa mpaali kaambo kamakani woonse. Mulengi wabamba ciindi takonzyi kujanwa kabelesya kkalenda lya Loma (munyama) eelyo lyakatalikila kubelesyegwa myaka iili 1,700! Aabo bazumanana kulamatila muzeezo wakuti mvwiki yakali kuzinguluka lyoonse kakwiina kulekezya, kutalikila mu Nsondo akumanina Mujibelo, bacita boobo kumwi kabasiila kumbali bumboni bwa Bbaibbele abumboni bujanwa mumisela yaanyika. Kuti kakucili muntu uucisunkwa kuti akumbatile lusyomo lwa mvwiki iizinguluka kakwiina kuyozya, ooyo muntu weelede kubikkila maanu aakwe kuti Mweengwe Uutalikilwa Kubalila Mazuba alimwi weendelezya mvwiki yamazubaano, awalo wakabikkwa abantu bakafwa kale ku Washington D.C. Myaka yakainda iili 200, mu 1884.
Ikkalenda lya Mulengi:
Ikkalenda lya Mulengi ndikkalenda libelesya mwezi-azuba, kuleka kuba kkalenda lyaku Loma libelesya zuba luzutu.
Mpoonya Elohimu wakati, Akube mimuni mumweenya wakujlu kuti yaandaanye buzuba kuzwa kubusiku; alimwi ayibe yazitondezyo, ziindi zyamwaka [ ziindi zyakukomba], akutondezya mazuba , amyaka. (Matalikilo 1:14)
Amwiibaluke alimwi, kuti kuli kwiimpana ncobeni akataa caando camunyama a caando ca Kujulu:
- Caando cokwa Loma = Nkusumpula Nsondo akubamba ziindi zyakukomba eezyo zijanwa kubelesya kkalenda lyalucengo (liteendelani amulawo wabulemu)
- Caando / Citondezyo ca Kujulu = Nkuteetela mulawo wabulemu muluyando, kusanganya akubamba buzuba bwa Nsabata, Myezi Mipya, amapobwe aaciindi comwe amwaka (woonse aayo mapobwe kaajanwa kubelesya kkalenda lyabulemu lya Kujulu)
Aabo bayumya nsingo kubelesya kkalenda lyamunyama kuti bajane mazuba aakukomba bayoolijana kabalaa (caando camunyama), kakuli aabo bakkomanina kuteelela lwiito lwakuti “kamuzwa muli nguwe” akulisalila kukomba kweendelana akkalenda lya Kujulu, bayootambula caando cokwa Yahuwah.
Bulwani Bujaila Limwi: Ibbiza lya Trojani lya Munyama
Muzeezo wakusyoma kuti mvwiki ilazinguluka kakwiina kuyozya nde bbiza lya Trojani lili mumizeezo yamakunga aabantu; eeci ncecintu ciyoopa kuti caando camunyama cikatambulwe kakwiina kulwana, kutongooka nokuba kubonwa nocitikasike, akataa bantu aabo balidunda kuti bayandisya Nsabata zyokwa Yahuwah amapobwe aakwe – nkaambo lyoonse bayimina buyo mukaambo kakulwanina Mujibelo nokuba mu Nsondo.
Mwaalumi amwanakazi uuli woonse, weelede kulibalila kutegwa alitondezye kusyomeka. Mumuni wabumboni bwa Mangwalo ujisi bumboni bwamisela minjaanji, aboobo kunyina kulilekelela muntu naba ni mukuzumanana kuti mvwiki yamituni yamazubaano ncibeela camulongo wamvwiki zitaaluka kusikila ku mvwiki ya Malengelo. Teesyi mbocibede oobo pe. Ooko nkweezyeezya buyo alimwi zilengwa zyabantu tazikonzyi kutabilila lusyomo oolu. Twakukomba mukwesu kuti utaimini mujwi lyankamu ya WLC mukaambo aaka. Kolivwuntawida lwako omwini mumuuya wakupaila. Kunyina pe kasimpe nokayoowa kuvwuntauzyigwa.
Camana ciindi!
Camana ciindi, nobayandwa. Inyika iyaakudenauka kuzwa mpoyiimvwi. Tuyaakuswena munsaa ciindi camamanino alimwi linolino muntu uuli woonse atalaa Nyika (kusanganya ANDUWE), unoosalide cakutajokolosya kuti atambule lwiito lwa Taata lwakupona buumi butamani, nokuba kukaka buumi oobo. Kumamanino, muntu uuli woonse uyoobaa caando cokwa Yahuwah nokuba caando ca Loma ( "caando camunyama"). Lino tacicili ciindi cakulikwaya akubaa kantya kutobela zintu nzyotusyoma, kusanganya a kkalenda eelyo ndyotulamatide kutobela nokuba mazuba aamapobwe ngotusekelela. Kusala kwesu buno buzuba nkokusala nkotuyoogama cifumo, akwakuyoogama lyoonse kukabe kutamani.
Musela ulasalazya kakwiina kudonaika kuti:
- Mvwiki yamazubaano iilaa mazuba aali ciloba tiili cibeela camulongo wamvwiki zisikila ku Malengelo pe.
- Mujibelo tabuli buzuba bwaciloba bwa Nsabata yamu Bbaibbele.
- Kunyina mapobwe aamu Bbaibbele aabulemu aakonzya kujanwa mu kkalenda lyaba Loma lya munyama.
- Ikkalenda lyamazubaano muzeezo wakazyila kubulelo bwa Loma.
Bumboni bwa Mangwalo bulimasimpe kusalazya:
- Imvwiki yamu Bbaibbele ilainduluka kutalika lyoonse mu Mwezi Mupya.
- Buzuba butaanzi bwa Mwezi Mupya mbobuzuba butaanzi bwamwezi alimwi bulatobelwa amazuba aali cisambomwe aakubeleka milimo, mpoonya akusika Nsabata mubuzuba bwaciloba. Mazuba aali cisambomwe aamilimo alatobela aawo, mpoonya kuyoosikila mu Nsabata iitobela mubuzuba bwa ciloba. Ooyu mulongo wamazuba ulainduluka kwamvwiki zyone mumwezi omwe-omwe wa Bbaibbele uutobezya mwezi ngotubona ameso.
- Insabata yabuzuba bwaciloba lyoonse isikila mubuzuba bwa 8th, 15th, 22nd, abwa 29th bwa mwezi uubonwa ameso.
- Insabata ya Bbaibbele yabuzuba bwaciloba amapobwe aaciindi comwe amwaka akonzya buyo kujanwa kubelesya kkalenda lyabulemu lya Kujulu.
Ninzi yebo ncoticite ono?
Hena yebo ucizumanana kukotamina kkalenda lyamunyama? Hena yebo wazumina caando cakwe kakwiina kutongooka nokuba kubikkila maanu? Naa yebo, mbuli ba Berea bakali kusyomeka, ulavwuntauzya zintu zyoonse eezyi kuti ulibonene kuti naa zili masimpe?
Lino mbukwakasiila buyo, basyomi bakatumina Paulu a Sailasi kumunzi wa Beleya. Nibakaakusika, bakaya kucikombelo ca Bajuda. Bantu baku Beleya bakali aamyoyo iiyandisya kumvwisya kwiinda baku Tesalonika. Bakayandisya kuswiililisya makani amyoyo iimaninide, alimwi bakali kubalulula akwiiya Malembe buzuba abuzuba kuti babonesye naa eezyo nzyaakali kwaamba Paulu zyakali zyakasimpe ncobeni. (Milimo 17:10-11)
Buumi butamani bulakonzya kutambulwa. Kosala buno buzuba Ooyo ngoti sale kubelekela. Utayumyi moyo wako mulweeno lwa manjezyeezya aziyanza zyabantu, pele kokayandaula kasimpe amoyo wako woonse.
Luyando akusyomeka zibe mbuli kalungu kakusama munsingo, zikkalilile mumoyo. Nkaako Leza abantu bayoobotelwa mulinduwe, eelyo uyooba aazina bbotu. Syoma Mwami Yahuwah amoyo wako woonse utaccilili maanu aako omwini, koyeeya Mwami Leza mumilimo yako yoonse eelyo uyookululamikila nzila zyako. (Tusimpi 3:3-3:6)
Mangwalo woonse aalembedwe akazyila mu Bbaibbele lya KJV nokuba lya NKJV, pele buyo kuti kwalembwa bumbi. Mazina aabulemu aa Taata a Mwana akajokezyegwa mutumpango twakalembululwa.
1 "Lexical Aids to the Old Testament,"Hebrew-Greek Key Word Study Bible, p. 1626.
2 “Simwaaba”mu Ciyubunuzyo 13:2 caambilizya Saatani. "Nceciindi eeco tosi eelyo nilyakasowelwa ansi, njenzoka yakaindi, iitegwa Siluuni naa Saatani, njiicenga bantu boonse baansi. Yakasowelwa ansi aano antoomwe abangelo bayo boonse" (Ciyubunuzyo 12:9)
3 Izaya 64:6
4 Bunji bwabatobeli bokwa Yahuwah aabo bakatusolweda tiibakajisi mumuni ngotujisi mazubaano. Balo bakali kusyomeka muli zyoonse nzyobatapedwe, alimwi lino mulimo wesu wakutambula kufumbwa eeco Mwami Yahuwah ncayubunwida musela wesu.
5 Harris, R. Laird., Archer, Gleason L., Waltke, Bruce K., Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament, Basimba mabbuku ba Moody , 1980, Cilembedwe 804a, p. 348.
6 "Akataa musela mutaanzi Julius Cæsar wakatamba Sosigenes, waku Alexandria syaazyibwene wazilengwa leza zyamumweenya wakujulu kuti abambulule kkalenda, mpoonya Sosigenes wakakanza kuti ilikke nzila yakaluleme yakali yakusiila limwi kkalenda litobezya mwezi uubonwa ameso. Myezi yeelede kubikkwa kweendelana aziindi zyamwaka, alimwi mwaka uubelesya zuba luzutu ngowakatalika kubelesyegwa, mbweenya mbuli mu kkalenda lyaku Ijipita . . . ." ("The Julian Calendar," Encyclopædia Britannica.)
7 https://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/julian-gregorian-switch.html
8 Ibbala lisanduludwe kuti "ziindi" mubbuku lya Matalikilo 1:14 ndyakuti mo'ed. "Mo'edndibbala libelesyegwa mukwaamba miswaangano yakubunganina kukomba. Lyakali kubelesyegwa antoomwe a civwuka cakupailila lwaco. . . . oomo [Yahuwah] mwaakali kuswaanganina abana ba Isilayeli muziindi zyakasalidwe kuti abayubunwide kuyanda Kwakwe. Ndibbala lyaambilizya mbungano zyakupaila zya . . . bantu bokwa [Yahuwah]." ("Lexical Aids to the Old Testament," Hebrew-Greek Key Word Study Bible, p. 1626.) Kutegwa ujane zinjaanji zijatikizya ciiyo cipati eeci, kobalacilembedwe mu Kkalenda lya Mulengi.